commit caa9e02285d97f8729ed56630769c58f919d381c
Author: Scan <hazel@blossomnetwork.ca>
Date:   Wed Aug 28 11:10:34 2024 -0400

    Initial re-upload of spice2x-24-08-24

diff --git a/.dockerignore b/.dockerignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..852f8ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.dockerignore
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+bin/**
+dist/**
+docker/**
+cmake-build*
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4f6b25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+.vscode/*
+
+# JetBrains IDEs
+.idea
+.idea_modules
+*.iws
+
+# CMake
+cmake-build*
+
+# user config
+build_all.local.sh
+build_docker.local.sh
+
+# output from build script
+bin/*
+dist/*
+
+external/cv2pdb/*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa18ba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,768 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12)
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0069 NEW)
+project(spicetools)
+include(CheckIPOSupported)
+
+# set language level
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED TRUE)
+
+# niceities for vscode
+set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS TRUE)
+
+# for RapidJSON
+add_compile_definitions(RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING)
+
+if(MSVC)
+    # disable intermediate manifest
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /manifest:no")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} /manifest:no")
+
+    # disable warnings about using non _s variants like strncpy
+    add_compile_definitions(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+
+    # disable warnings about using deprecated winsock2 functions
+    add_compile_definitions(_WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS)
+
+    # RapidJSON does this
+    add_compile_definitions(_SILENCE_CXX17_ITERATOR_BASE_CLASS_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
+
+    # define M_PI
+    add_compile_definitions(_USE_MATH_DEFINES)
+
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} /DYNAMICBASE:NO")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} /DYNAMICBASE:NO")
+
+    set(USE_STATIC_MSVCRT ON CACHE BOOL "If enabled, will force the use of static crt instead of dynamic")
+
+    if(USE_STATIC_MSVCRT)
+        # use statically linked runtime
+        set(CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY "MultiThreaded$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:Debug>")
+        set(CompilerFlags
+                CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+                CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
+                CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
+                CMAKE_C_FLAGS
+                CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG
+                CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE
+        )
+
+        foreach(CompilerFlag ${CompilerFlags})
+            string(REPLACE "/MD" "/MT" ${CompilerFlag} "${${CompilerFlag}}")
+        endforeach()
+    endif()
+
+    # disable C4996 "The POSIX name for this item is deprecated. Instead, use the ISO C and C++ conformant name" warning
+    add_compile_options("/wd4996")
+
+    # cleanup windows.h includes
+    add_compile_options("/DNOMINMAX")
+
+    # cleanup weird types
+    add_compile_options("/DWINBOOL=BOOL")
+
+    # add support for the deprecated std::result_of in c++20
+    add_compile_options("/D_HAS_DEPRECATED_RESULT_OF")
+
+    # enable build paralellization
+    add_compile_options("/MP")
+
+    # enable edit and continue in Debug
+    add_compile_options("$<$<CONFIG:DEBUG>:/ZI>")
+    add_link_options("$<$<CONFIG:DEBUG>:/SAFESEH:NO>")
+
+    # enable fast pdb generation in debug
+    add_link_options("$<$<CONFIG:DEBUG>:/DEBUG:FASTLINK>")
+
+    # enable pdb generation for release builds
+    add_compile_options("$<$<CONFIG:RELEASE,MINSIZEREL>:/Zi>")
+    add_link_options("$<$<CONFIG:RELEASE,MINSIZEREL>:/DEBUG:FULL>")
+
+    # enable COMDAT folding for even smaller release builds
+    add_link_options("$<$<CONFIG:RELEASE,MINSIZEREL>:/OPT:ICF>")
+elseif(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
+    # disable warnings about using non _s variants like strncpy
+    add_compile_definitions(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+
+    # disable warnings about using deprecated winsock2 functions
+    add_compile_definitions(_WINSOCK_DEPRECATED_NO_WARNINGS)
+
+    # RapidJSON does this
+    add_compile_definitions(_SILENCE_CXX17_ITERATOR_BASE_CLASS_DEPRECATION_WARNING)
+
+    # warnings
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wunknown-warning-option")
+
+    # static linking
+    set(CMAKE_MSVC_RUNTIME_LIBRARY "MultiThreaded$<$<CONFIG:Debug>:Debug>")
+    set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -static")
+    set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -static")
+else()
+
+    # warnings
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -Wextra") # enable stuff
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-pointer-arith") # but we love pointer arithmetic :)
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unknown-pragmas") # since CLion does clang pragmas
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-address") # to allow checking function pointers for null
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-cast-function-type") # we actually do this a lot
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-class-memaccess") # RapidJSON does this
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-deprecated-declarations") # RapidJSON issue
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-parameter") # for all those stubs
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-but-set-parameter") # for all those stubs
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-stringop-truncation") # since we do that from time to time
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-local-typedefs") # for our logging system
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-attributes") # fmtlib workaround
+
+    # release flags
+    if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE MATCHES "Release")
+
+        # hide ident strings
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -fno-ident -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -fno-ident -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections")
+
+        # a change in the linker caused the executable to be loaded above 4GB base virtual address
+        # https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/pull/6880
+        # some games crash if some DLLS load above 4GB VA, so manually set base address to standard 32-bit VA,
+        # and might as well double make sure ASLR is disabled here
+        set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--gc-sections,--disable-dynamicbase,--image-base=0x400000")
+        set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--gc-sections,--disable-dynamicbase,--image-base=0x400000")
+
+        # set visibility to hidden
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -fvisibility=hidden")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden")
+
+        # remove symbol table and relocation information
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -s")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -s")
+
+        # performance
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -O2 -pipe")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -O2 -pipe")
+
+        # ensure frame pointers are enabled
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
+
+        # no debug
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -DNDEBUG")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -DNDEBUG")
+
+        # file prefix map for relative working directory
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE} -ffile-prefix-map=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}=.")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE} -ffile-prefix-map=${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}=.")
+    endif()
+
+    # release with debug info flags
+    if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE MATCHES "RelWithDebInfo")
+
+        # hide ident strings
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "-fno-ident -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "-fno-ident -ffunction-sections -fdata-sections")
+
+        # linker fix to load below 4GB
+        set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--gc-sections,--disable-dynamicbase,--image-base=0x400000")
+        set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--gc-sections,--disable-dynamicbase,--image-base=0x400000")
+
+        # set visibility to hidden
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -fvisibility=hidden")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -fvisibility=hidden -fvisibility-inlines-hidden")
+
+        # generate dwarf
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -gdwarf")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -gdwarf")
+
+        # ensure frame pointers are enabled
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELWITHDEBINFO} -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
+    endif()
+
+    # debug flags
+    if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE MATCHES "Debug")
+
+        # generate dwarf
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "-gdwarf")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "-gdwarf")
+
+        # linker fix to load below 4GB
+        set(CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--disable-dynamicbase,--image-base=0x400000")
+        set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,--disable-dynamicbase,--image-base=0x400000")
+
+        # enable debug symbols on level 3 and keep frame pointers
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG} -g3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -g3 -fno-omit-frame-pointer")
+
+        # optimize for debugging
+        set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Og -pipe")
+        set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG} -Og -pipe")
+    endif()
+
+    # static linking
+    set(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -static -static-libgcc")
+    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -static -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++")
+endif()
+
+# default defines
+add_compile_definitions(
+        WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+        _WIN32_IE=0x0400
+        OPENVR_BUILD_STATIC
+)
+
+# acioemu log
+#set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -DACIOEMU_LOG")
+
+# add project directory to include path so we can comfortably import
+include_directories(${spicetools_SOURCE_DIR})
+
+# add external libraries
+add_subdirectory(external/fmt EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(external/discord-rpc EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(external/hash-library EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_compile_definitions(IMGUI_DISABLE_DEMO_WINDOWS)
+add_compile_definitions(IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS)
+add_subdirectory(external/imgui EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(external/minhook EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(external/openvr EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(external/lua EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(external/cpu_features EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+add_subdirectory(external/stepmaniax-sdk EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+
+# set link time optimizations (disabled for Debug builds for speed, disabled
+# for RelWithDebInfo builds due to "lto1: error: two or more sections for"
+# errors)
+check_ipo_supported()
+set(CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION_DEBUG OFF)
+set(CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION_RELWITHDEBINFO OFF)
+set(CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION_MINSIZEREL ON)
+set(CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION_RELEASE ON)
+
+# resources
+###########
+set_source_files_properties(build/manifest.rc PROPERTIES LANGUAGE RC)
+set_source_files_properties(build/icon.rc PROPERTIES LANGUAGE RC)
+set_source_files_properties(cfg/manifest.rc PROPERTIES LANGUAGE RC)
+set_source_files_properties(cfg/icon.rc PROPERTIES LANGUAGE RC)
+set_source_files_properties(cfg/Win32D.rc PROPERTIES LANGUAGE RC)
+set_source_files_properties(build/manifest64.rc PROPERTIES LANGUAGE RC)
+
+# sources
+#########
+
+set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES}
+
+        # acio
+        acio/acio.cpp
+        acio/module.cpp
+        acio/pix/pix.cpp
+        acio/core/core.cpp
+        acio/hgth/hgth.cpp
+        acio/bmpu/bmpu.cpp
+        acio/hbhi/hbhi.cpp
+        acio/hdxs/hdxs.cpp
+        acio/kfca/kfca.cpp
+        acio/i36g/i36g.cpp
+        acio/panb/panb.cpp
+        acio/icca/icca.cpp
+        acio/j32d/j32d.cpp
+        acio/bi2a/bi2a.cpp
+        acio/klpa/klpa.cpp
+        acio/mdxf/mdxf.cpp
+        acio/pjei/pjei.cpp
+        acio/pjec/pjec.cpp
+        acio/i36i/i36i.cpp
+        acio/nddb/nddb.cpp
+        acio/la9a/la9a.cpp
+
+        # acioemu
+        acioemu/acioemu.cpp
+        acioemu/device.cpp
+        acioemu/handle.cpp
+        acioemu/icca.cpp
+
+        # acio2emu
+        acio2emu/handle.cpp
+        acio2emu/packet.cpp
+        acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.cpp
+
+        # api
+        api/controller.cpp
+        api/websocket.cpp
+        api/request.cpp
+        api/response.cpp
+        api/module.cpp
+        api/modules/card.cpp
+        api/modules/buttons.cpp
+        api/modules/capture.cpp
+        api/modules/analogs.cpp
+        api/modules/lights.cpp
+        api/modules/memory.cpp
+        api/modules/coin.cpp
+        api/modules/info.cpp
+        api/modules/keypads.cpp
+        api/modules/control.cpp
+        api/modules/touch.cpp
+        api/modules/iidx.cpp
+        api/serial.cpp
+        api/modules/drs.cpp
+        api/modules/lcd.cpp
+
+        # avs
+        avs/core.cpp
+        avs/ea3.cpp
+        avs/game.cpp
+        avs/automap.cpp
+        avs/ssl.cpp
+
+        # build
+        build/defs.cpp
+
+        # cfg
+        cfg/spicecfg.cpp
+        cfg/analog.cpp
+        cfg/game.cpp
+        cfg/button.cpp
+        cfg/config.cpp
+        cfg/api.cpp
+        cfg/option.cpp
+        cfg/light.cpp
+        cfg/configurator.cpp
+        cfg/configurator_wnd.cpp
+        cfg/screen_resize.cpp
+
+        # easrv
+        easrv/easrv.cpp
+        easrv/smartea.cpp
+
+        # external asio
+        external/asio/asiolist.cpp
+
+        # external layeredfs
+        external/layeredfs/config.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/hook.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/modpath_handler.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/texture_packer.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/utils.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/3rd_party/lodepng.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/3rd_party/Rect.cpp
+        external/layeredfs/3rd_party/stb_dxt.cpp
+
+        # external cardio
+        external/cardio/cardio_hid.cpp
+        external/cardio/cardio_window.cpp
+        external/cardio/cardio_runner.cpp
+
+        # external misc
+        external/scard/scard.cpp
+        external/stackwalker/stackwalker.cpp
+        external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.cpp
+        external/http-parser/http_parser.c
+        external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.c
+        external/toojpeg/toojpeg.cpp
+
+        # games
+        games/game.cpp
+        games/io.cpp
+        games/shared/lcdhandle.cpp
+        games/shared/printer.cpp
+        games/shared/twtouch.cpp
+        games/popn/popn.cpp
+        games/popn/io.cpp
+        games/bbc/bbc.cpp
+        games/bbc/io.cpp
+        games/hpm/hpm.cpp
+        games/hpm/io.cpp
+        games/iidx/iidx.cpp
+        games/iidx/io.cpp
+        games/iidx/poke.cpp
+        games/iidx/bi2a.cpp
+        games/iidx/bi2x.cpp
+        games/iidx/bi2x_hook.cpp
+        games/iidx/ezusb.cpp
+        games/iidx/legacy_camera.cpp
+        games/iidx/local_camera.cpp
+        games/iidx/camera.cpp
+        games/sdvx/bi2x_hook.cpp
+        games/sdvx/sdvx.cpp
+        games/sdvx/io.cpp
+        games/sdvx/camera.cpp
+        games/jb/jb.cpp
+        games/jb/io.cpp
+        games/nost/nost.cpp
+        games/nost/io.cpp
+        games/gitadora/gitadora.cpp
+        games/gitadora/io.cpp
+        games/mga/mga.cpp
+        games/mga/io.cpp
+        games/mga/gunio.cpp
+        games/sc/sc.cpp
+        games/sc/io.cpp
+        games/rb/rb.cpp
+        games/rb/io.cpp
+        games/rb/touch.cpp
+        games/bs/bs.cpp
+        games/bs/io.cpp
+        games/rf3d/rf3d.cpp
+        games/rf3d/io.cpp
+        games/museca/io.cpp
+        games/museca/museca.cpp
+        games/dea/dea.cpp
+        games/dea/io.cpp
+        games/qma/qma.cpp
+        games/qma/io.cpp games/qma/ezusb.cpp
+        games/ddr/ddr.cpp
+        games/ddr/io.cpp
+        games/ddr/p3io/foot.cpp
+        games/ddr/p3io/p3io.cpp
+        games/ddr/p3io/sate.cpp
+        games/ddr/p3io/usbmem.cpp
+        games/ddr/p4io/p4io.cpp
+        games/ddr/p4io/p4io.h
+        games/mfc/mfc.cpp
+        games/mfc/io.cpp
+        games/ftt/ftt.cpp
+        games/ftt/io.cpp
+        games/loveplus/loveplus.cpp
+        games/loveplus/io.cpp
+        games/scotto/scotto.cpp
+        games/scotto/io.cpp
+        games/drs/drs.cpp
+        games/drs/io.cpp
+        games/we/we.cpp
+        games/we/io.cpp
+        games/we/touchpanel.cpp
+        games/shogikai/shogikai.cpp
+        games/shogikai/io.cpp
+        games/otoca/otoca.cpp
+        games/otoca/io.cpp
+        games/otoca/p4io.cpp
+        games/silentscope/silentscope.cpp
+        games/silentscope/io.cpp
+        games/pcm/pcm.cpp
+        games/pcm/io.cpp
+        games/onpara/onpara.cpp
+        games/onpara/io.cpp
+        games/onpara/westboard.cpp
+        games/onpara/touchpanel.cpp
+        games/bc/bc.cpp
+        games/bc/io.cpp
+        games/ccj/ccj.cpp
+        games/ccj/io.cpp
+        games/ccj/bi2x_hook.cpp
+        games/ccj/trackball.cpp
+        games/qks/qks.cpp
+        games/qks/io.cpp
+        games/qks/bi2x_hook.cpp
+
+        # hooks
+        hooks/audio/audio.cpp
+        hooks/audio/buffer.cpp
+        hooks/audio/util.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_render_client.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_clock.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_render_client.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_session_control.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.cpp
+        hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.cpp
+        hooks/audio/implementations/asio.cpp
+        hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.cpp
+        hooks/avshook.cpp
+        hooks/cfgmgr32hook.cpp
+        hooks/debughook.cpp
+        hooks/devicehook.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/graphics.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/graphics_windowed.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.cpp
+        hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_texture.cpp
+        hooks/input/dinput8/fake_backend.cpp
+        hooks/input/dinput8/fake_device.cpp
+        hooks/input/dinput8/hook.cpp
+        hooks/lang.cpp
+        hooks/libraryhook.cpp
+        hooks/networkhook.cpp
+        hooks/powrprof.cpp
+        #hooks/rom.cpp
+        hooks/setupapihook.cpp
+        hooks/sleephook.cpp
+        hooks/unisintrhook.cpp
+        hooks/winuser.cpp
+
+        # launcher
+        launcher/launcher.cpp
+        launcher/signal.cpp
+        launcher/superexit.cpp
+        launcher/logger.cpp
+        launcher/richpresence.cpp
+        launcher/shutdown.cpp
+        launcher/options.cpp
+
+        # misc
+        misc/bt5api.cpp
+        misc/clipboard.cpp
+        misc/device.cpp
+        misc/eamuse.cpp
+        misc/extdev.cpp
+        misc/sciunit.cpp
+        misc/sde.cpp
+        misc/vrutil.cpp
+        misc/wintouchemu.cpp
+
+        # nvapi
+        nvapi/nvapi.cpp
+
+        # overlay
+        overlay/overlay.cpp
+        overlay/window.cpp
+        overlay/imgui/extensions.cpp
+        overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.cpp
+        overlay/imgui/impl_spice.cpp
+        overlay/imgui/impl_sw.cpp
+        overlay/windows/acio_status_buffers.cpp
+        overlay/windows/camera_control.cpp
+        overlay/windows/card_manager.cpp
+        overlay/windows/screen_resize.cpp
+        overlay/windows/sdvx_sub.cpp
+        overlay/windows/config.cpp
+        overlay/windows/control.cpp
+        overlay/windows/eadev.cpp
+        overlay/windows/fps.cpp
+        overlay/windows/generic_sub.cpp
+        overlay/windows/iidx_seg.cpp
+        overlay/windows/iidx_sub.cpp
+        overlay/windows/iopanel.cpp
+        overlay/windows/iopanel_ddr.cpp
+        overlay/windows/iopanel_gfdm.cpp
+        overlay/windows/iopanel_iidx.cpp
+        overlay/windows/keypad.cpp
+        overlay/windows/kfcontrol.cpp
+        overlay/windows/log.cpp
+        overlay/windows/midi.cpp
+        overlay/windows/patch_manager.cpp
+        overlay/windows/vr.cpp
+        overlay/windows/wnd_manager.cpp
+
+        # rawinput
+        rawinput/rawinput.cpp
+        rawinput/sextet.cpp
+        rawinput/piuio.cpp
+        rawinput/touch.cpp
+        rawinput/hotplug.cpp
+        rawinput/smxstage.cpp
+        rawinput/smxstage.h
+
+        # reader
+        reader/reader.cpp
+        reader/message.cpp
+        reader/structuredmessage.cpp
+        reader/crypt.cpp
+
+        # script
+        script/api/analogs.cpp
+        script/api/buttons.cpp
+        script/api/capture.cpp
+        script/api/card.cpp
+        script/api/coin.cpp
+        script/api/control.cpp
+        script/api/drs.cpp
+        script/api/iidx.cpp
+        script/api/info.cpp
+        script/api/keypads.cpp
+        script/api/lcd.cpp
+        script/api/lights.cpp
+        script/api/memory.cpp
+        script/api/touch.cpp
+        script/instance.cpp
+        script/lib.cpp
+        script/manager.cpp
+
+        # stubs
+        stubs/stubs.cpp
+
+        # touch
+        touch/touch.cpp
+        touch/touch_indicators.cpp
+        touch/win7.cpp
+        touch/win8.cpp
+
+        # util
+        util/sigscan.cpp
+        util/detour.cpp
+        util/logging.cpp
+        util/detour.cpp
+        util/peb.cpp
+        util/libutils.cpp
+        util/fileutils.cpp
+        util/resutils.cpp
+        util/utils.cpp
+        util/memutils.cpp
+        util/rc4.cpp
+        util/crypt.cpp
+        util/time.cpp
+        util/cpuutils.cpp
+        util/netutils.cpp
+        util/lz77.cpp
+        util/tapeled.cpp
+)
+
+source_group(TREE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} PREFIX "Source Files" FILES ${SOURCE_FILES})
+
+# spice.exe
+###########
+
+set(RESOURCE_FILES build/manifest.manifest build/manifest.rc build/icon.rc cfg/Win32D.rc)
+add_executable(spicetools_spice ${SOURCE_FILES} ${RESOURCE_FILES})
+target_link_libraries(spicetools_spice
+        PUBLIC d3d9 ws2_32 version comctl32 shlwapi iphlpapi hid secur32 setupapi psapi winmm winscard winhttp
+        PRIVATE fmt-header-only discord-rpc imgui hash-library minhook openvr_api lua_static imm32 dwmapi CpuFeatures::cpu_features smx)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_spice PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_spice PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "spice")
+
+IF(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_spice PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m32" LINK_FLAGS "-m32")
+endif()
+
+# spice64.exe
+#############
+
+set(RESOURCE_FILES build/manifest.manifest build/manifest64.rc build/icon.rc cfg/Win32D.rc)
+add_executable(spicetools_spice64 ${SOURCE_FILES} ${RESOURCE_FILES})
+target_link_libraries(spicetools_spice64
+        PUBLIC d3d9 ws2_32 version comctl32 shlwapi iphlpapi hid secur32 setupapi psapi winmm winscard winhttp mfplat mf mfreadwrite mfuuid strmiids dxva2
+        PRIVATE fmt-header-only discord-rpc imgui hash-library minhook openvr_api64 lua_static imm32 dwmapi CpuFeatures::cpu_features smx)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_spice64 PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_spice64 PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "spice64")
+target_compile_definitions(spicetools_spice64 PRIVATE SPICE64=1)
+
+IF(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_spice64 PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m64" LINK_FLAGS "-m64")
+endif()
+
+
+# spicecfg.exe
+##############
+
+set(SOURCE_FILES ${SOURCE_FILES} launcher/options.h launcher/options.cpp)
+set(RESOURCE_FILES cfg/manifest.manifest cfg/manifest.rc cfg/icon.rc cfg/Win32D.rc)
+add_executable(spicetools_cfg WIN32 ${SOURCE_FILES} ${RESOURCE_FILES})
+target_link_libraries(spicetools_cfg
+        PUBLIC ws2_32 version comctl32 shlwapi iphlpapi hid secur32 setupapi psapi winmm winscard winhttp strmiids
+        PRIVATE fmt-header-only discord-rpc imgui hash-library minhook openvr_api lua_static imm32 dwmapi CpuFeatures::cpu_features smx)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_cfg PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_cfg PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "spicecfg")
+target_compile_definitions(spicetools_cfg PRIVATE SPICETOOLS_SPICECFG_STANDALONE=1)
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_cfg PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m32" LINK_FLAGS "-m32")
+endif()
+
+# stubs
+#######
+
+# kbt.dll
+set(SOURCE_FILES stubs/stubs.cpp)
+add_library(spicetools_stubs_kbt SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} stubs/stubs.def)
+target_link_libraries(spicetools_stubs_kbt PRIVATE fmt-header-only)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kbt PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kbt PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "kbt")
+target_compile_definitions(spicetools_stubs_kbt PRIVATE STUB=1)
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kbt PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m32" LINK_FLAGS "-m32")
+endif()
+
+# kbt.dll 64bit
+add_library(spicetools_stubs_kbt64 SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} stubs/stubs.def)
+target_link_libraries(spicetools_stubs_kbt64 PRIVATE fmt-header-only)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kbt64 PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kbt64 PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "kbt")
+target_compile_definitions(spicetools_stubs_kbt64 PRIVATE STUB=1)
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kbt64 PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m64" LINK_FLAGS "-m64")
+endif()
+
+# kld.dll
+set(SOURCE_FILES stubs/stubs.cpp)
+add_library(spicetools_stubs_kld SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} stubs/stubs.def)
+target_link_libraries(spicetools_stubs_kld PRIVATE fmt-header-only)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kld PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kld PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "kld")
+target_compile_definitions(spicetools_stubs_kld PRIVATE STUB=1)
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kld PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m32" LINK_FLAGS "-m32")
+endif()
+
+# kld.dll 64bit
+add_library(spicetools_stubs_kld64 SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} stubs/stubs.def)
+target_link_libraries(spicetools_stubs_kld64 PRIVATE fmt-header-only)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kld64 PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kld64 PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "kld")
+target_compile_definitions(spicetools_stubs_kld64 PRIVATE STUB=1)
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_kld64 PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m64" LINK_FLAGS "-m64")
+endif()
+
+# nvcuda.dll
+set(SOURCE_FILES stubs/nvcuda.cpp)
+add_library(spicetools_stubs_nvcuda SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} stubs/nvcuda.def)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvcuda PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvcuda PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "nvcuda")
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvcuda PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m64" LINK_FLAGS "-m64")
+endif()
+
+# nvcuvid.dll
+set(SOURCE_FILES stubs/nvcuvid.cpp)
+add_library(spicetools_stubs_nvcuvid SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} stubs/nvcuvid.def)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvcuvid PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvcuvid PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "nvcuvid")
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvcuvid PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m64" LINK_FLAGS "-m64")
+endif()
+
+# nvEncodeAPI64.dll
+set(SOURCE_FILES stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.cpp)
+add_library(spicetools_stubs_nvEncodeAPI64 SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES} stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.def)
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvEncodeAPI64 PROPERTIES PREFIX "")
+set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvEncodeAPI64 PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME "nvEncodeAPI64")
+
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    set_target_properties(spicetools_stubs_nvEncodeAPI64 PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-m64" LINK_FLAGS "-m64")
+endif()
+
+# output directories
+####################
+
+# output config
+set_target_properties(spicetools_cfg
+        PROPERTIES
+        RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/spicetools")
+
+# output 32bit
+set_target_properties(spicetools_spice spicetools_stubs_kbt spicetools_stubs_kld
+        PROPERTIES
+        ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/archive32"
+        LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/spicetools/32"
+        RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/spicetools/32")
+
+# output 64bit
+set_target_properties(spicetools_spice64 spicetools_stubs_kbt64 spicetools_stubs_kld64 spicetools_stubs_nvcuda spicetools_stubs_nvcuvid spicetools_stubs_nvEncodeAPI64
+        PROPERTIES
+        ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/archive64"
+        LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/spicetools/64"
+        RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/spicetools/64")
diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0300cf9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+FROM spicetools/deps
+WORKDIR /src
+RUN chown user:user /src
+USER user
+COPY --chown=user:user . /src
+CMD ./build_all.sh
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f288702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,674 @@
+                    GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+                       Version 3, 29 June 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <https://fsf.org/>
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+                            Preamble
+
+  The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works.
+
+  The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works.  By contrast,
+the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.  We, the Free Software Foundation, use the
+GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to
+any other work released this way by its authors.  You can apply it to
+your programs, too.
+
+  When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price.  Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
+free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
+
+  To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you
+these rights or asking you to surrender the rights.  Therefore, you have
+certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if
+you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
+
+  For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
+gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same
+freedoms that you received.  You must make sure that they, too, receive
+or can get the source code.  And you must show them these terms so they
+know their rights.
+
+  Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps:
+(1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License
+giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
+
+  For the developers' and authors' protection, the GPL clearly explains
+that there is no warranty for this free software.  For both users' and
+authors' sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as
+changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to
+authors of previous versions.
+
+  Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run
+modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer
+can do so.  This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of
+protecting users' freedom to change the software.  The systematic
+pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to
+use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable.  Therefore, we
+have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those
+products.  If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we
+stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions
+of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
+
+  Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents.
+States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of
+software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to
+avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could
+make it effectively proprietary.  To prevent this, the GPL assures that
+patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
+
+  The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
+modification follow.
+
+                       TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+  0. Definitions.
+
+  "This License" refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+  "Copyright" also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of
+works, such as semiconductor masks.
+
+  "The Program" refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this
+License.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".  "Licensees" and
+"recipients" may be individuals or organizations.
+
+  To "modify" a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work
+in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an
+exact copy.  The resulting work is called a "modified version" of the
+earlier work or a work "based on" the earlier work.
+
+  A "covered work" means either the unmodified Program or a work based
+on the Program.
+
+  To "propagate" a work means to do anything with it that, without
+permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for
+infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a
+computer or modifying a private copy.  Propagation includes copying,
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+public, and in some countries other activities as well.
+
+  To "convey" a work means any kind of propagation that enables other
+parties to make or receive copies.  Mere interaction with a user through
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+
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+feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2)
+tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the
+extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the
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+  The "source code" for a work means the preferred form of the work
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+
+  The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users
+can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding
+Source.
+
+  The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that
+same work.
+
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+
+  All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of
+copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated
+conditions are met.  This License explicitly affirms your unlimited
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+covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its
+content, constitutes a covered work.  This License acknowledges your
+rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
+
+  You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
+convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains
+in force.  You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose
+of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you
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+for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
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+your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
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+the conditions stated below.  Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10
+makes it unnecessary.
+
+  3. Protecting Users' Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
+
+  No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological
+measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article
+11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or
+similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such
+measures.
+
+  When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid
+circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention
+is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to
+the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or
+modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work's
+users, your or third parties' legal rights to forbid circumvention of
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+
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+
+  You may convey verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you
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+keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all
+recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
+
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diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce350ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+SpiceTools
+==========
+This is a loader for various arcade games developed by 573.
+The project is using CMake as it's build system, with a custom build
+script for making packages ready for distribution and to keep it easy
+for people not knowing how to use CMake.
+
+## Building/Distribution
+
+We're currently using Arch Linux for building the binaries.
+You'll need:
+- MinGW-64 packages (can be found in the AUR)
+- bash
+- git
+- zip
+- upx (optional)
+
+For any other GNU/Linux distributions (or Windows lol), you're on your
+own.
+
+To build the project, run:
+
+    $ ./build_all.sh
+
+## Build Configuration
+
+You can tweak some settings at the beginning of the build script. You
+might want to modify the paths of the toolchains if yours differ. It's
+also possible to disable UPX compression and source distribution for
+example.
+
+If you're not using an IDE and want to run the build script from command
+line manually each time you make a change, you can set CLEAN_BUILD to 0
+so it will only compile what's needed. When modifying the resources you
+should build from scratch, since CMake isn't able to track changes of
+those files (e.g. changelog.txt, licenses.txt).
+
+You can put your custom build script under "build_all.local.sh" if you
+don't want git to track the changes you made to the build settings.
+
+## Debug Build
+
+To get proper stackstraces, you need to build with the DEBUG setting
+enabled. This will set the CMake build type to debug and the script
+will try to make use of cv2pdb.
+Check external/cv2pdb/README.md for details on how to set it up.
+It is required to use cv2pdb to generate PDB output, because at time of
+writing, MinGW still didn't support Microsoft's proprietary file format.
+
+## API
+
+SpiceTools is providing a TCP/JSON based API. You can enable it with the
+`-api [PORT]` option. It's recommended to also set a password with
+`-apipass [PASS]`.
+
+The protocol is meant to be simple, easy to use and with few overhead.
+To connect to the API, just open a TCP connection to the host computer
+at the specified port.
+To make a request you write the UTF-8 encoded JSON contents to the
+socket. To mark the end of the request, you need to terminate the JSON
+string with `0x00`. The server returns its answer on the same way,
+UTF-8 encoded JSON terminated with NULL.
+
+To save space, by default the JSONs are without whitespace. To enable
+pretty printing, use `-apipretty`.
+
+If you want to test the API server without running a game, you can
+run it headless via `-apidebug`.
+
+If a password is specified, both request and response are encrypted
+using RC4 with the key being the password encoded in UTF-8.
+While only providing weak security when the password is static,
+it's simple to implement and requires no authentication protocol.
+The password is also able to change dynamically, see
+`control.session_refresh()` for details.
+
+If you don't want to worry about all the details, you can just use one
+of the supplied libraries (check /api/resources). There's also a little
+remote control GUI available for python.
+
+### WebSocket
+SpiceTools opens a WebSocket server on the specified port plus one.
+That means if the API is on 1337, the WebSocket server will be on 1338.
+The protocol is the very same as for the normal API, but instead of
+directly sending the data over TCP you need to send binary datapackets.
+The included dart spiceapi library also has a WebSocket implementation.
+
+### Example Call
+This example inserts the a card into P1's reader slot.
+If you need more examples, you can check the example code.
+
+#### Request
+```JSON
+{
+  "id": 1,
+  "module": "card",
+  "function": "insert",
+  "params": [0, "E004010000000000"]
+}
+```
+#### Response
+```JSON
+{
+  "id": 1,
+  "errors": [],
+  "data": []
+}
+```
+
+### Modules
+
+For the sake of simplifying this documentation, I will describe functions
+as if they were called via a normal programming language. That means,
+besides `module`/`function` needing to be set accordingly, the `params` field
+must contain all the parameters described below. Some of them are optional.
+The returning data will always be in the `data` field of the response.
+
+Errors will be reported as strings in the `errors` field. Sometimes, you can
+receive more than one error. The error messages may be changed/improved in the
+future, so you shouldn't rely on them. If the error list is empty, the function
+executed successfully.
+
+The `id` of the response will always match the `id` of the request. The API
+server itself doesn't expect any logic of your ID choices, however you can use
+them to make sure your answers aren't arriving out of order. Currently it
+doesn't matter since the TCP protocol doesn't allow for out of order data,
+however this may change when/if support for UDP is being introduced. The only
+restriction is that the ID has to be a valid 64-bit unsigned integer.
+
+#### Card
+- insert(index: uint, card_id: hex)
+  - inserts a card which gets read by the emulated card readers for the game
+  - index has to be either 0 (for P1) or 1 (for P2)
+  - card_id has to be a valid 16-character hex string
+
+#### Coin
+- get()
+  - returns the amount of unprocessed coins in queue
+  - not equal to the amount of coins shown ingame since the game may drain it
+- set(amount: int)
+  - sets the amount of coins in queue for the game to process
+- insert(amount: int)
+  - adds the amount to the coins in queue
+  - amount is optional and defaults to 1
+- blocker_get()
+  - returns the current coin blocker state (false: open, true: closed)
+
+#### Info
+- avs()
+  - returns a dict including the AVS model, dest, spec, rev and ext
+- launcher()
+  - returns a dict including the version, compile date/time, system time and
+    the arguments used to start the process
+- memory()
+  - returns a dict including total, total used and bytes used by the process
+    for both physical and virtual RAM
+
+#### Keypads
+For all functions in this module, the keypad parameter must be
+either 0 (for P1) or 1 (for P2). Accepted keypad characters are "0" to "9" for
+the single digit numbers, "A" for the double zero and "D" for the decimal key.
+- write(keypad: uint, input: str)
+  - writes all characters in input sequentially to the keypad
+  - this should be used for things like PIN input
+- set(keypad: uint, key: char, ...)
+  - clears all overrides, then applies each given key as override
+  - if a key is overridden, it shows up as pressed in-game
+- get(keypad: uint)
+  - returns all pressed keys of the specified keypad
+
+#### Analogs/Buttons/Lights
+All of those three modules have equally named methods for you to call.
+- read()
+  - returns an array of state objects containing name, state and a bool
+  - the bool indicates if the object is active (e.g. the button was overridden)
+- write([name: str, state: float], ...)
+  - applies the states as an override value
+  - the device binding via the config will be ignored while an override is set
+  - if an override value is set, the object will be marked as active
+- write_reset([name: str], ...)
+  - removes the override value from the objects specified by name
+  - if no names were passed, all overrides will be removed
+
+#### Touch
+- read()
+  - returns an array of state objects containing id, x and y
+- write([id: uint, x: int, y: int], ...)
+  - adds the given touch points having an unknown ID
+  - overrides old touch points when the ID matches
+- write_reset(id: uint, ...)
+  - removes the touch points matching one of the given IDs
+
+#### Control
+This module only functions if a password is being used to communicate,
+with the single exception of session_refresh().
+- raise(signal: str)
+  - raises a signal to the current process
+  - signal is a string and must be one of the following values:
+    "SIGABRT", "SIGFPE", "SIGILL", "SIGINT", "SIGSEGV", "SIGTERM"
+  - the signal will be raised while the message is being processed
+- exit(code: int)
+  - code is optional and defaults to 0
+  - the process will end while the message is being processed
+- restart()
+  - spawns a new instance with the same arguments as passed to the main executable
+- session_refresh()
+  - generates a new secure password and applies it after the response
+  - can be used to increase the security by using the password as some kind of
+    session token
+  - recommended to call directly after connecting and once in a while for
+    persistent connections
+- shutdown()
+  - tries to force shutdown the computer
+- reboot()
+  - tries to force reboot the computer
+
+#### Memory
+This module only functions if a password is being used to communicate.
+All offsets are specified in file offsets of the corresponding `dll_name`,
+which also means that your hex edits are applicable directly.
+- write(dll_name: str, data: hex, offset: uint)
+  - writes the bytes in data to the specified offset
+- read(dll_name: str, offset: uint, size: uint)
+  - reads bytes starting from offset and returns it
+- signature(dll_name: str, signature: hex, replacement: hex, offset: uint,
+            usage: uint)
+  - tries to find the signature in the module's memory
+  - unknown bytes are masked out via "??" (e.g. "75??90????74")
+  - masking out bytes works for both the signature and the replacement
+  - offset is the byte difference between the offset of the found signature and
+    the offset where the replacement data gets written to
+  - usage is the number of the result being used for replacement, starting at 0
+  - returns the offset where the replacement data gets written to
+  - the replacement string can be empty, so you can only get the address of the
+    signature while not actually replacing anything
+
+#### IIDX
+- ticker_get()
+  - returns a string of the characters displayed on the 16 segment display
+- ticker_set(text: str)
+  - sets the contents of the 16 segment display and disables writes from game
+- ticker_reset()
+  - re-enables writes from game
+
+#### LCD
+- info()
+  - returns information about the serial LCD controller some games use
+
+## License
+Unless otherwise noted, all files are licensed under the GPLv3.
+See the LICENSE file for the full license text.
+Files not originating from this project should be placed in "external",
+they each have their own license.
+
+###### What that means for you
+- If you want to distribute the binaries, you'll have to include the
+  sources, otherwise you're violating the GPL.
+- If you want to merge some of this project's code into similar
+  software, that software has to be put under the GPL as well.
+  You'll probably have to modify a lot anyways, so you can just use the
+  source as some kind of documentation.
diff --git a/acio/acio.cpp b/acio/acio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ae28f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/acio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#include "acio.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/config.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "bi2a/bi2a.h"
+#include "bmpu/bmpu.h"
+#include "core/core.h"
+#include "hbhi/hbhi.h"
+#include "hdxs/hdxs.h"
+#include "hgth/hgth.h"
+#include "i36g/i36g.h"
+#include "i36i/i36i.h"
+#include "icca/icca.h"
+#include "j32d/j32d.h"
+#include "kfca/kfca.h"
+#include "klpa/klpa.h"
+#include "mdxf/mdxf.h"
+#include "nddb/nddb.h"
+#include "panb/panb.h"
+#include "pix/pix.h"
+#include "pjec/pjec.h"
+#include "pjei/pjei.h"
+#include "la9a/la9a.h"
+
+#include "module.h"
+
+// globals
+namespace acio {
+    HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+    std::vector<acio::ACIOModule *> MODULES;
+}
+
+/*
+ * decide on hook mode used
+ * libacio compiled using ICC64 sometimes doesn't leave enough space to insert the inline hooks
+ * in this case, we want to use IAT instead
+ */
+static inline acio::HookMode get_hookmode() {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    return acio::HookMode::IAT;
+#else
+    return acio::HookMode::INLINE;
+#endif
+}
+
+void acio::attach() {
+    log_info("acio", "SpiceTools ACIO");
+
+    // load settings and instance
+    acio::DLL_INSTANCE = LoadLibraryA("libacio.dll");
+
+    /*
+     * library hook
+     * some games have a second DLL laying around which gets loaded dynamically
+     * we just give it the same instance as the normal one so the hooks still work
+     */
+    libraryhook_hook_library("libacioex.dll", acio::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    libraryhook_hook_library("libacio_ex.dll", acio::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    libraryhook_hook_library("libacio_old.dll", acio::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    // libacioEx.dll for Road Fighters 3D
+    // needed as comparisons in LoadLibrary hooks are case-sensitive
+    libraryhook_hook_library("libacioEx.dll", acio::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    libraryhook_enable(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+    // get hook mode
+    acio::HookMode hook_mode = get_hookmode();
+
+    // load modules
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::BI2AModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::BMPUModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::CoreModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::HBHIModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::HDXSModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::HGTHModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::I36GModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::I36IModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::ICCAModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::J32DModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::KFCAModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::KLPAModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::MDXFModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::NDDBModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::PANBModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::PJECModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::PJEIModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+    MODULES.push_back(new acio::LA9AModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode));
+
+    /*
+     * PIX is special and needs another DLL.
+     * we load that module only if the file exists.
+     */
+    if (fileutils::file_exists(MODULE_PATH / "libacio_pix.dll")) {
+        HINSTANCE pix_instance = libutils::load_library(MODULE_PATH / "libacio_pix.dll");
+        MODULES.push_back(new acio::PIXModule(pix_instance, hook_mode));
+    }
+
+    // apply modules
+    for (auto &module : MODULES) {
+        module->attach();
+    }
+}
+
+void acio::attach_icca() {
+    log_info("acio", "SpiceTools ACIO ICCA");
+
+    // load instance if needed
+    if (!acio::DLL_INSTANCE) {
+        acio::DLL_INSTANCE = LoadLibraryA("libacio.dll");
+    }
+
+    // get hook mode
+    acio::HookMode hook_mode = get_hookmode();
+
+    // load single module
+    auto icca_module = new acio::ICCAModule(acio::DLL_INSTANCE, hook_mode);
+    icca_module->attach();
+    MODULES.push_back(icca_module);
+}
+
+void acio::detach() {
+
+    // clear modules
+    while (!MODULES.empty()) {
+        delete MODULES.back();
+        MODULES.pop_back();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/acio/acio.h b/acio/acio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2f1838
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/acio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    // globals
+    extern HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE;
+    extern std::vector<acio::ACIOModule *> MODULES;
+
+    void attach();
+    void attach_icca();
+    void detach();
+}
diff --git a/acio/bi2a/bi2a.cpp b/acio/bi2a/bi2a.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d8d9ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/bi2a/bi2a.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,763 @@
+#include "bi2a.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/ddr/io.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/io.h"
+#include "games/drs/io.h"
+#include "games/drs/drs.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/tapeled.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// state
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[272] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+static unsigned int BI2A_VOLL = 0;
+static unsigned int BI2A_VOLR = 0;
+
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_init_is_finished() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_get_control_status_buffer(void *buffer) {
+
+    // copy buffer
+    memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, std::size(STATUS_BUFFER));
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Sound Voltex
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+
+        // clear buffer
+        memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, std::size(STATUS_BUFFER));
+        STATUS_BUFFER[0] = 1;
+
+        /*
+         * Unmapped Buttons
+         *
+         * Control      Bit
+         * EX BUTTON 1  93
+         * EX BUTTON 2  92
+         * EX ANALOG 1  170-183
+         * EX ANALOG 2  186-199
+         */
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::sdvx::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Test))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 19);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Service))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 18);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 17);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Start))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 85);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_A))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 84);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_B))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 83);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_C))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 82);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_D))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 81);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_L))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 80);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_R))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 95);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Headphone))) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 87);
+        }
+
+        // volume left
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_L_Left))) {
+            BI2A_VOLL = (BI2A_VOLL - games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_L_Right))) {
+            BI2A_VOLL = (BI2A_VOLL + games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+
+        // volume right
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_R_Left))) {
+            BI2A_VOLR = (BI2A_VOLR - games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_R_Right))) {
+            BI2A_VOLR = (BI2A_VOLR + games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+
+        // update volumes
+        auto &analogs = games::sdvx::get_analogs();
+        auto vol_left = BI2A_VOLL;
+        auto vol_right = BI2A_VOLR;
+        if (analogs.at(0).isSet() || analogs.at(1).isSet()) {
+            vol_left += (unsigned int) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                    analogs.at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_L)) * 1023.99f);
+            vol_right += (unsigned int) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                    analogs.at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_R)) * 1023.99f);
+        }
+
+        // proper loops
+        vol_left %= 1024;
+        vol_right %= 1024;
+
+        // save volumes in buffer
+        *((uint16_t*) &STATUS_BUFFER[17]) = (uint16_t) ((vol_left) << 2);
+        *((uint16_t*) &STATUS_BUFFER[19]) = (uint16_t) ((vol_right) << 2);
+    }
+
+    // DanceDanceRevolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+
+        // clear buffer
+        memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, std::size(STATUS_BUFFER));
+        STATUS_BUFFER[0] = 1;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::ddr::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::COIN_MECH)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[2] |= 1 << 1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::SERVICE)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[2] |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::TEST)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[2] |= 1 << 3;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P1_START)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[10] |= 1 << 7;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_UP)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[10] |= 1 << 6;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_DOWN)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[10] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_LEFT)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[10] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_RIGHT)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[10] |= 1 << 3;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P2_START)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[11] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_UP)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[11] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_DOWN)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[11] |= 1 << 3;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_LEFT)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[11] |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_RIGHT)) == Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[11] |= 1 << 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // DANCERUSH
+    if (avs::game::is_model("REC")) {
+
+        // clear buffer
+        memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, std::size(STATUS_BUFFER));
+        STATUS_BUFFER[0] = 1;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::drs::get_buttons();
+
+        // test
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::Test)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 19);
+        }
+
+        // service
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::Service)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 18);
+        }
+
+        // coin
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::CoinMech)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 17);
+        }
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P1_Start)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 87);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P1_Up)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 86);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P1_Down)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 85);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P1_Left)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 84);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P1_Right)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 83);
+        }
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P2_Start)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 93);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P2_Up)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 92);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P2_Down)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 91);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P2_Left)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 90);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::drs::Buttons::P2_Right)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 89);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_current_coinstock(size_t index, DWORD *coins) {
+
+    // check index
+    if (index > 1)
+        return false;
+
+    // get coins and return success
+    *coins = (DWORD) eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_consume_coinstock(size_t index, int amount) {
+
+    // check index
+    if (index > 1)
+        return false;
+
+    // calculate new stock
+    auto stock = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    auto stock_new = stock - amount;
+
+    // check new stock
+    if (stock_new < 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // apply new stock
+    eamuse_coin_set_stock(stock_new);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_lock_coincounter(size_t index) {
+
+    // check index
+    if (index > 1)
+        return false;
+
+    // enable coin blocker
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_unlock_coincounter(size_t index) {
+
+    // check index
+    if (index > 1)
+        return false;
+
+    // disable coin blocker
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_control_coin_blocker_close(size_t index) {
+
+    // check index
+    if (index > 1)
+        return;
+
+    // enable coin blocker
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_control_coin_blocker_open(size_t index) {
+
+    // check index
+    if (index > 1)
+        return;
+
+    // disable coin blocker
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+}
+
+static long __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_control_led_bright(size_t index, uint8_t brightness) {
+
+    // Sound Voltex
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+
+        /*
+         * Control      R   G   B
+         * =======================
+         * WING UP      28  29  30
+         * WING LOW     31  32  33
+         * WOOFER       0   1   3
+         * CONTROLLER   4   5   6
+         *
+         * Values go up to 255.
+         *
+         *
+         * Control      Index
+         * ==================
+         * START BUTTON 8
+         * A BUTTON     9
+         * B BUTTON     10
+         * C BUTTON     11
+         * D BUTTON     12
+         * FX L BUTTON  13
+         * FX R BUTTON  14
+         * POP          24
+         * TITLE LEFT   25
+         * TITLE RIGHT  26
+         *
+         * Values go up to 127.
+         */
+
+        static const struct {
+            int light1, light2;
+            float max;
+        } mapping[] = {
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_R, -1, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_G, -1, 255 },
+                { -1, -1, 0 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_B, -1, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_R, -1, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_G, -1, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_B, -1, 255 },
+                { -1, -1, 0 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::START, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::BT_A, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::BT_B, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::BT_C, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::BT_D, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::FX_L, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::FX_R, -1, 127 },
+                { -1, -1, 0 }, { -1, -1, 0 }, { -1, -1, 0 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_R, -1, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_G, -1, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_B, -1, 255 },
+                { -1, -1, 0 }, { -1, -1, 0 }, { -1, -1, 0 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::POP, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::TITLE_LEFT, -1, 127 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::TITLE_RIGHT, -1, 127 },
+                { -1, -1, 0 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_R, games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_R, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_G, games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_G, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_B, games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_B, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_R, games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_R, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_G, games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_G, 255 },
+                { games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_B, games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_B, 255 },
+        };
+
+        // ignore index out of range
+        if (index > std::size(mapping)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::sdvx::get_lights();
+
+        // get light from mapping
+        auto light = mapping[index];
+
+        // write lights
+        if (light.light1 >= 0) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[light.light1], brightness / light.max);
+        } else {
+            log_warning("sdvx", "light unset {} {}", index, (int) brightness);
+        }
+        if (light.light2 >= 0) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[light.light2], brightness / light.max);
+        }
+
+    // DANCERUSH
+    } else if (avs::game::is_model("REC")) {
+
+        /*
+         * Control            R  G  B
+         * ==============================
+         * CARD UNIT          13 14 15
+         * TITLE PANEL        28 29 30
+         * MONITOR SIDE LEFT  (tape LED - see ac_io_bi2a_control_tapeled_bright)
+         * MONITOR SIDE RIGHT (tape LED - see ac_io_bi2a_control_tapeled_bright)
+         * 
+         * Values go up to 127.
+         *
+         * Control      Index
+         * ==================
+         * 1P LEFT      11
+         * 1P RIGHT     12
+         * 1P UP        9
+         * 1P DOWN      10
+         * 1P START     8
+         * 2P LEFT      19
+         * 2P RIGHT     20
+         * 2P UP        17
+         * 2P DOWN      18
+         * 2P START     16
+         * 
+         * Values go up to 127.
+         */
+
+        static const struct {
+            int light;
+            float max;
+        } mapping[] = {
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 0
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 1
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 2
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 3
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 4
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 5
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 6
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 7
+            { games::drs::Lights::P1_START, 127 },      // 8
+            { games::drs::Lights::P1_MENU_UP, 127 },    // 9
+            { games::drs::Lights::P1_MENU_DOWN, 127 },  // 10
+            { games::drs::Lights::P1_MENU_LEFT, 127 },  // 11
+            { games::drs::Lights::P1_MENU_RIGHT, 127 }, // 12
+            { games::drs::Lights::CARD_READER_R, 127 }, // 13
+            { games::drs::Lights::CARD_READER_G, 127 }, // 14
+            { games::drs::Lights::CARD_READER_B, 127 }, // 15
+            { games::drs::Lights::P2_START, 127 },      // 16
+            { games::drs::Lights::P2_MENU_UP, 127 },    // 17
+            { games::drs::Lights::P2_MENU_DOWN, 127 },  // 18
+            { games::drs::Lights::P2_MENU_LEFT, 127 },  // 19
+            { games::drs::Lights::P2_MENU_RIGHT, 127 }, // 20
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 21
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 22
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 23
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 24
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 25
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 26
+            { -1, 0 },                                  // 27
+            { games::drs::Lights::TITLE_PANEL_R, 127 }, // 28
+            { games::drs::Lights::TITLE_PANEL_G, 127 }, // 29
+            { games::drs::Lights::TITLE_PANEL_B, 127 }, // 30
+        };
+
+        // ignore index out of range
+        if (index > std::size(mapping)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::drs::get_lights();
+
+        // get light from mapping
+        auto light = mapping[index];
+
+        // write lights
+        if (light.light >= 0) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[light.light], brightness / light.max);
+        } else {
+            log_warning("drs", "light unset {} {}", index, (int) brightness);
+        }
+
+    // DanceDanceRevolution
+    } else if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+
+        static const struct {
+            int light;
+            float max;
+        } mapping[] = {
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 0
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 1
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 2
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 3
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 4
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 5
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 6
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 7
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_MENU_START, 127 },     // 8
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_MENU_UP, 127 },        // 9
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_MENU_DOWN, 127 },      // 10
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_MENU_LEFT, 127 },      // 11
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_MENU_RIGHT, 127 },     // 12
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_CARD_UNIT_R, 127 },    // 13
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_CARD_UNIT_G, 127 },    // 14
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_CARD_UNIT_B, 127 },    // 15
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_MENU_START, 127 },     // 16
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_MENU_UP, 127 },        // 17
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_MENU_DOWN, 127 },      // 18
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_MENU_LEFT, 127 },      // 19
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_MENU_RIGHT, 127 },     // 20
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_CARD_UNIT_R, 0 },      // 21
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_CARD_UNIT_G, 0 },      // 22
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_CARD_UNIT_B, 0 },      // 23
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 24
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 25
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 26
+            { -1, 0 },                                           // 27
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_TITLE_PANEL_LEFT, 0 },    // 28
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_TITLE_PANEL_CENTER, 0 },  // 29
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_TITLE_PANEL_RIGHT, 0 },   // 30
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_WOOFER_CORNER, 0 },    // 31
+            { games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_WOOFER_CORNER, 0 }     // 32
+        };
+
+        // ignore index out of range
+        if (index > std::size(mapping)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::ddr::get_lights();
+
+        // get light from mapping
+        auto light = mapping[index];
+
+        // write lights
+        if (light.light >= 0) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[light.light], brightness / light.max);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_get_watchdog_time_min() {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_get_watchdog_time_now() {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_watchdog_off() {
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_init(uint8_t param) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_set_watchdog_time(uint16_t time) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_get_watchdog_status() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_set_amp_volume(uint8_t a1, uint8_t a2) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_tapeled_init(uint8_t a1, uint8_t a2) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_tapeled_init_is_finished() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_control_tapeled_rec_set(uint8_t* data, size_t x_sz, size_t y_sz) {
+
+    // check dimensions
+    if (x_sz != 38 || y_sz != 49) {
+        log_fatal("drs", "DRS tapeled wrong dimensions");
+    }
+
+    // copy data into our buffer - 4 bytes per pixel BGR
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < x_sz * y_sz; i++) {
+        games::drs::DRS_TAPELED[i][0] = data[i*4+2];
+        games::drs::DRS_TAPELED[i][1] = data[i*4+1];
+        games::drs::DRS_TAPELED[i][2] = data[i*4];
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+// TODO: DRS tape lights
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_control_tapeled_bright(size_t off1, size_t off2,
+        uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t bank) {
+
+    if (!tapeledutils::is_enabled()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+        
+        /*
+         * r, g, b values range from [0-255]
+         * bank always seems to be [0]
+         * 
+         * [off1.off2] [LEDs] [tape name]
+         *     0.0       25    P1 Foot Up               (0.0 to 0.24, inclusive)
+         *     0.25      25    P1 Foot Right
+         *     1.0       25    P1 Foot Left
+         *     1.25      25    P1 Foot Down
+         *
+         *     2.0       25    P2 Foot Up
+         *     2.25      25    P2 Foot Right
+         *     3.0       25    P2 Foot Left
+         *     3.25      25    P2 Foot Down
+         * 
+         *     5.0       50    Top Panel
+         *     6.0       50    Monitor side left
+         *     7.0       50    Monitor side right
+         */
+
+        static struct TapeLedMapping {
+            bool split; // true == 50 LEDs for one light, false == 25 for two lights
+            uint8_t index_r0, index_g0, index_b0;
+            uint8_t index_r1, index_g1, index_b1;
+            size_t index_for_avg0 = UINT8_MAX;
+            size_t index_for_avg1 = UINT8_MAX;
+
+            TapeLedMapping(
+                uint8_t index_r0, uint8_t index_g0, uint8_t index_b0,
+                uint8_t index_r1, uint8_t index_g1, uint8_t index_b1)
+                    : index_r0(index_r0), index_g0(index_g0), index_b0(index_b0),
+                      index_r1(index_r1), index_g1(index_g1), index_b1(index_b1) {
+
+                    split = (index_r1 != UINT8_MAX);
+                    if (split) {
+                        index_for_avg0 = tapeledutils::get_led_index_using_avg_algo(25);
+                        index_for_avg1 = index_for_avg0 + 25;
+                    } else {
+                        index_for_avg0 = tapeledutils::get_led_index_using_avg_algo(50);
+                        index_for_avg1 = -1;
+                    }
+                }
+
+        } mapping[] = {
+            {
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_UP_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_UP_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_UP_AVG_B,
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_B
+            },
+            {
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_B,
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_B
+            },
+            {
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_UP_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_UP_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_UP_AVG_B,
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_B
+            },
+            {
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_B,
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_B
+            },
+            {
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_TOP_PANEL_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_TOP_PANEL_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_TOP_PANEL_AVG_B,
+                UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX
+            },
+            {
+                UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX,
+                UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX
+            },
+            {
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_LEFT_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_LEFT_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_LEFT_AVG_B,
+                UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX
+            },
+            {
+                games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_RIGHT_AVG_R, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_RIGHT_AVG_G, games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_RIGHT_AVG_B,
+                UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX, UINT8_MAX
+            },
+        };
+
+        if (off1 < std::size(mapping)) {
+            auto &map = mapping[off1];
+            
+            size_t off2_match = -1;
+            if (!map.split || off2 < 25) {
+                off2_match = map.index_for_avg0;
+            } else {
+                off2_match = map.index_for_avg1;
+            }
+            if (off2_match == off2 && map.index_r0 != UINT8_MAX) {
+                auto &lights = games::ddr::get_lights();
+                if (!map.split || off2 < 25) {
+                    Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_r0], r / 255.f);
+                    Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_g0], g / 255.f);
+                    Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_b0], b / 255.f);
+                } else {
+                    Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_r1], r / 255.f);
+                    Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_g1], g / 255.f);
+                    Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_b1], b / 255.f);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_tapeled_send() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bi2a_get_exbio2_status(uint8_t *info) {
+    // surely this meme never gets old
+    info[5] = 5;
+    info[6] = 7;
+    info[7] = 3;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+acio::BI2AModule::BI2AModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("BI2A", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::BI2AModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_init_is_finished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_current_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_consume_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_lock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_unlock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_control_coin_blocker_close);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_control_coin_blocker_open);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_control_led_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_get_watchdog_time_min);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_get_watchdog_time_now);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_watchdog_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_init);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_set_watchdog_time);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_get_watchdog_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_set_amp_volume);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_tapeled_init);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_tapeled_init_is_finished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_get_exbio2_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_control_tapeled_rec_set);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_control_tapeled_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bi2a_tapeled_send);
+}
diff --git a/acio/bi2a/bi2a.h b/acio/bi2a/bi2a.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9aef074
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/bi2a/bi2a.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class BI2AModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        BI2AModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/bmpu/bmpu.cpp b/acio/bmpu/bmpu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3e1f16
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/bmpu/bmpu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+#include "bmpu.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "cfg/light.h"
+#include "games/bbc/io.h"
+#include "games/dea/io.h"
+#include "games/ftt/io.h"
+#include "games/museca/io.h"
+#include "games/silentscope/io.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// state
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[64] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_consume_coinstock(int a1, int a2) {
+    eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_1p_start_led_off() {
+
+    // dance evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+        auto &lights = games::dea::get_lights();
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::P1Start), 0.f);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_1p_start_led_on() {
+
+    // dance evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+        auto &lights = games::dea::get_lights();
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::P1Start), 1.f);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_2p_start_led_off() {
+
+    // dance evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+        auto &lights = games::dea::get_lights();
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::P2Start), 0.f);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_2p_start_led_on() {
+
+    // dance evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+        auto &lights = games::dea::get_lights();
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::P2Start), 1.f);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_coin_blocker_close() {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_coin_blocker_open() {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_led_bright(uint32_t led_field, uint8_t brightness) {
+
+    // MUSECA
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PIX")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::museca::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        static const int mapping[] = {
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED3G,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED3R,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED2B,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED2G,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED2R,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED1B,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED1G,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED1R,
+                -1, -1, -1, -1,
+                games::museca::Lights::SideB,
+                games::museca::Lights::SideG,
+                games::museca::Lights::SideR,
+                games::museca::Lights::UnderLED3B,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness > 127.f ? 1.f : brightness / 127.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (mapping[i] >= 0 && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at((size_t) mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BISHI BASHI CHANNEL
+    if (avs::game::is_model("R66")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::bbc::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        static int mapping[] = {
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED3_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED3_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED2_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED2_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED2_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED1_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED1_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED1_R,
+                -1, -1, -1, -1,
+                games::bbc::Lights::IC_CARD_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::IC_CARD_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::IC_CARD_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::UNDER_LED3_B,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness > 127.f ? 1.f : brightness / 127.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (mapping[i] >= 0 && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at((size_t) mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // FutureTomTom
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MMD")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::ftt::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        static int mapping[] = {
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad3_G,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad3_R,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad2_B,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad2_G,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad2_R,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad1_B,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad1_G,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad1_R,
+                -1, -1, -1, -1,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad4_B,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad4_G,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad4_R,
+                games::ftt::Lights::Pad3_B,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness > 127.f ? 1.f : brightness / 127.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (mapping[i] >= 0 && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at((size_t) mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Dance Evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::dea::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        static int mapping[] = {
+                -1,
+                -1,
+                -1,
+                -1,
+                -1,
+                -1,
+                games::dea::Lights::P2LRButton,
+                games::dea::Lights::P1LRButton,
+                -1,
+                games::dea::Lights::TitleB,
+                games::dea::Lights::TitleR,
+                games::dea::Lights::TitleG,
+                -1,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness > 128.f ? 1.f : brightness / 128.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++)
+            if (mapping[i] >= 0 && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at((size_t) mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_control_led_bright_pack(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    // TODO(felix): NDD lights
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_create_get_status_thread() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_current_coinstock(int a1, int *a2) {
+    *a2 = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_destroy_get_status_thread() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_get_control_status_buffer(void *buffer) {
+    size_t buffer_len = 0;
+
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "KDM", "MMD" })) {
+        buffer_len = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    } else if (avs::game::is_model("PIX")) {
+        buffer_len = 16;
+    } else if (avs::game::is_model("R66")) {
+        buffer_len = 56;
+    } else if (avs::game::is_model("NDD")) {
+        buffer_len = 56;
+    }
+
+    if (buffer_len > 0) {
+        memcpy(buffer, &STATUS_BUFFER, buffer_len);
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char *__cdecl ac_io_bmpu_get_softwareid(char *a1) {
+    *a1 = 0;
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static char *__cdecl ac_io_bmpu_get_systemid(char *a1) {
+    *a1 = 0;
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_init_outport() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_lock_coincounter(signed int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_check_isfinished(DWORD *a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_check_softwareplug(char *a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_check_systemplug() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_missing_check() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished(DWORD *a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_set_outport_led(uint8_t *data1, uint8_t *data2) {
+
+    // dance evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::dea::get_lights();
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] {
+                games::dea::Lights::SideUpperLeftR,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideUpperLeftG,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideUpperLeftB,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft1R,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft1G,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft1B,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft2R,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft2G,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft2B,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft3R,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft3G,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerLeft3B,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideUpperRightR,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideUpperRightG,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideUpperRightB,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight1R,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight1G,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight1B,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight2R,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight2G,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight2B,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight3R,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight3G,
+                games::dea::Lights::SideLowerRight3B,
+        };
+
+        // write lights
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            float brightness = data1[i * 2] / 255.f;
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), brightness);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_set_output_mode(__int16 a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_unlock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_update_control_status_buffer() {
+    unsigned int control_data = 0;
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // DEA
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+
+        // keypad mirror fix
+        acio::ICCA_FLIP_ROWS = true;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::dea::get_buttons();
+
+        // get control data
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::Test))) {
+            control_data |= 0xF0000000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::Service))) {
+            control_data |= 0x0F000000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::P1Start))) {
+            control_data |= 0x00000001;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::P1Left))) {
+            control_data |= 0x00000008;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::P1Right))) {
+            control_data |= 0x00000010;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::P2Start))) {
+            control_data |= 0x00000100;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::P2Left))) {
+            control_data |= 0x00000800;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::dea::Buttons::P2Right))) {
+            control_data |= 0x00001000;
+        }
+
+        // set control data
+        auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(STATUS_BUFFER);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            buffer[i] = control_data;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // FutureTomTom
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MMD")) {
+
+        // keypad mirror fix
+        acio::ICCA_FLIP_ROWS = true;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::ftt::get_buttons();
+
+        // get control data
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Service))) {
+            control_data |= 0x0F000000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Test))) {
+            control_data |= 0xF0000000;
+        }
+
+        // set control data
+        auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(STATUS_BUFFER);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+            buffer[i] = control_data;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // MUSECA
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PIX")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::museca::get_buttons();
+
+        // get control data
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Service))) {
+            control_data |= 0x0F000000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Test))) {
+            control_data |= 0xF0000000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Start))) {
+            control_data |= 0x00000001;
+        }
+
+        // set control data
+        auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(STATUS_BUFFER);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            buffer[i] = control_data;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BISHI BASHI CHANNEL
+    if (avs::game::is_model("R66")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::bbc::get_buttons();
+
+        // get control data
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::Service))) {
+            control_data |= 0x0F000000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::Test))) {
+            control_data |= 0xF0000000;
+        }
+
+        // set control data
+        auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<unsigned int *>(STATUS_BUFFER);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            buffer[i] = control_data;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Silent Scope Bone Eater
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NDD")) {
+
+        // clear state
+        memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, 56);
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::silentscope::get_buttons();
+
+        // get control data
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::TEST))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[7] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::SERVICE))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[7] |= 0x2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::COIN_MECH))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[7] |= 0x1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::START))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::UP))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::DOWN))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::LEFT))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x8;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::RIGHT))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::SCOPE_RIGHT))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x80;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::SCOPE_LEFT))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x40;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::silentscope::Buttons::GUN_PRESSED))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x20;
+        }
+
+        // joy stick raw input
+        auto &analogs = games::silentscope::get_analogs();
+        unsigned short joy_x = 0x7FFF;
+        unsigned short joy_y = 0x7FFF;
+        if (analogs.at(games::silentscope::Analogs::GUN_X).isSet()) {
+            joy_x = (unsigned short) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::silentscope::Analogs::GUN_X)) * USHRT_MAX);
+        }
+        if (analogs.at(games::silentscope::Analogs::GUN_Y).isSet()) {
+            joy_y = (unsigned short) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::silentscope::Analogs::GUN_Y)) * USHRT_MAX);
+        }
+
+        // invert X axis
+        joy_x = USHRT_MAX - joy_x;
+
+        STATUS_BUFFER[8] = HIBYTE(joy_x);
+        STATUS_BUFFER[9] = LOBYTE(joy_x);
+        STATUS_BUFFER[10] = HIBYTE(joy_y);
+        STATUS_BUFFER[11] = LOBYTE(joy_y);
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_set_watchdog_time(char a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_get_watchdog_time_min() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_get_watchdog_time_now() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_bmpu_watchdog_off() {
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::BMPUModule::BMPUModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("BMPU", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::BMPUModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_consume_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_1p_start_led_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_1p_start_led_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_2p_start_led_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_2p_start_led_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_coin_blocker_close);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_coin_blocker_open);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_led_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_control_led_bright_pack);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_create_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_current_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_destroy_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_get_softwareid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_get_systemid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_init_outport);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_lock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_check_softwareplug);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_check_systemplug);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_missing_check);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_set_outport_led);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_set_output_mode);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_unlock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_set_watchdog_time);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_get_watchdog_time_min);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_get_watchdog_time_now);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_bmpu_watchdog_off);
+}
diff --git a/acio/bmpu/bmpu.h b/acio/bmpu/bmpu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ef0b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/bmpu/bmpu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class BMPUModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        BMPUModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/core/core.cpp b/acio/core/core.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e6313c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/core/core.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#include "core.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+
+// static stuff
+static int ACIO_WARMUP = 0;
+static HHOOK ACIO_KB_HOOK = nullptr;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+// needed for some games to make GetAsyncKeyState() working
+static LRESULT CALLBACK ac_io_kb_hook_callback(int nCode, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+    CallNextHookEx(ACIO_KB_HOOK, nCode, wParam, lParam);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_begin(
+        size_t dev,
+        const char *ver,
+        unsigned int *val,
+        size_t flags,
+        void *ptr,
+        size_t baud)
+{
+    if (ACIO_KB_HOOK == nullptr) {
+        ACIO_KB_HOOK = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, ac_io_kb_hook_callback, GetModuleHandle(nullptr), 0);
+    }
+
+    // always return success
+    if (val && avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+        *val = 2;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_begin_get_status() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_end(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_end_get_status(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_get_rs232c_status(char *a1, int a2) {
+    return memset(a1, 0, 88);
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_get_version(uint8_t *a1, int a2) {
+
+    // some games have version checks
+    // pop'n music only accepts versions bigger than 1.X.X (check yourself), anything starting with 2 works though
+    memset(a1 + 5, 2, 1);
+    memset(a1 + 6, 0, 1);
+    memset(a1 + 7, 0, 1);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static const char *__cdecl ac_io_get_version_string() {
+    static const char *version = "1.25.0";
+    return version;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_is_active(int a1, int a2) {
+    if (a1 == 1 && avs::game::is_model("JMA")) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return (char) (++ACIO_WARMUP > 601 ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_is_active2(int a1, int *a2, int a3) {
+    ACIO_WARMUP = 601;
+    *a2 = 6;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_is_active_device(int index, int a2) {
+
+    // for scotto
+    static bool CHECKED_24 = false;
+
+    // dance evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+
+        // disable mysterious LED devices
+        if (index >= 12 && index <= 15)
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // scotto
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NSC") && index == 24) {
+
+        // scotto expects device index 24 to come online after
+        // it initializes device index 22
+        if (!CHECKED_24) {
+            CHECKED_24 = true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // dunno for what game we did this again
+    return (char) (index != 5);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_reset(int a1) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_secplug_set_encodedpasswd(void *a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_set_soft_watch_dog(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_soft_watch_dog_on(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_soft_watch_dog_off() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_update(int a1) {
+
+    // flush device output
+    RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+    // update wintouchemu
+    wintouchemu::update();
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_get_firmware_update_device_index() {
+    return 0xFF;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_go_firmware_update() {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_set_get_status_device(int a1) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::CoreModule::CoreModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("Core", module, hookMode) {
+}
+
+void acio::CoreModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_begin);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_begin_get_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_end);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_end_get_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_get_rs232c_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_get_version);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_get_version_string);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_is_active);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_is_active2);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_is_active_device);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_reset);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_secplug_set_encodedpasswd);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_set_soft_watch_dog);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_soft_watch_dog_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_soft_watch_dog_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_update);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_get_firmware_update_device_index);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_go_firmware_update);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_set_get_status_device);
+}
diff --git a/acio/core/core.h b/acio/core/core.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5571c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/core/core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class CoreModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        CoreModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/hbhi/hbhi.cpp b/acio/hbhi/hbhi.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56a0b85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/hbhi/hbhi.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,565 @@
+#include "hbhi.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/rf3d/io.h"
+#include "games/sc/io.h"
+#include "games/hpm/io.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// state
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[64] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_add_coin(int a1, int a2) {
+    eamuse_coin_add();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_consume_coinstock(int a1, int a2) {
+    eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_coin_blocker_close(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_coin_blocker_open(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(0);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper method, not a real ACIO one
+ */
+static inline int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_set(uint32_t lamp_bits, float value) {
+
+    // steel chronicle
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KGG")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::sc::get_lights();
+
+        // write lights
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x01) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::SideRed), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x02) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::SideGreen), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x04) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::SideBlue), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x08) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::CenterRed), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x10) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::CenterGreen), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x20) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::CenterBlue), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x40) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::ControllerRed), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x80) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::sc::Lights::ControllerBlue), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // hello popn music
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JMP")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::hpm::get_lights();
+
+        // write lights
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x01) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P1_RED_P2_GREEN), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x02) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P1_BLUE), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x04) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P1_YELLOW), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x08) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P1_GREEN), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x10) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P2_RED), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x20) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P2_BLUE), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x40) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P2_YELLOW), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x80) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P2_START), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_bright(uint32_t lamp_bits, uint8_t value) {
+    ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_set(lamp_bits, value / 31.f);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_mode(uint32_t mode) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_off(uint8_t lamp_bits) {
+    return ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_set(lamp_bits, 0.f);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_on(uint8_t lamp_bits) {
+    return ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_set(lamp_bits, 1.f);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper method, not a real ACIO one
+ */
+static inline int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_parallel_set(uint8_t lamp_bits, float value) {
+
+    // hello popn music
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JMP")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::hpm::get_lights();
+
+        // write lights
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x01) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::P1_START), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x02) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::SPEAKER_BLUE), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x04) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::SPEAKER_ORANGE), value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 0x08) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::hpm::Lights::SPEAKER_RED), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_parallel_off(uint8_t lamp_bits) {
+    return ac_io_hbhi_control_parallel_set(lamp_bits, 0.f);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_parallel_on(uint8_t lamp_bits) {
+    return ac_io_hbhi_control_parallel_set(lamp_bits, 1.f);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_control_reset() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_create_get_status_thread(void *a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_current_coinstock(int a1, int *coinstock) {
+    *coinstock = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_destroy_get_status_thread() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_get_coin_input_wave_buffer(int *a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_hbhi_get_control_status_buffer(uint8_t *buffer) {
+
+    // return buffer
+    memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, std::size(STATUS_BUFFER));
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_get_softwareid(char *a1) {
+    memset(a1, 'F', 16);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_get_systemid(char *a1) {
+    memset(a1, 'F', 16);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_get_watchdog_status() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static short __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_get_watchdog_time_min() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static short __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_get_watchdog_time_now() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_lock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_disburse() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_disburse_isfinished(int *a1) {
+    *a1 += 1;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_get_status() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_get_status_isfinished(int *a1) {
+    *a1 += 1;
+    return 2;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_init() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_init_isfinished(int *a1) {
+    *a1 += 1;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_coin_input_wave() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_get_control_status(int *a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check(char *a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check_isfinished(int *a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check_softwareplug(char *a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check_systemplug() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_missing_check() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished(int *a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_volume_control(char a1, char a2) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_req_volume_control_isfinished(int *a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_reset_coin_slot_noise_flag(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_set_watchdog_time(short a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_unlock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // steel chronicle
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KGG")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::sc::get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, 64);
+
+        // check buttons
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::Service))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::Test))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::LButton))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::L1))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::L2))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::JogLeft))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 3;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::JogRight))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::RButton))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::R1))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 6;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sc::Buttons::R2))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 7;
+        }
+
+        // get analogs
+        auto &analogs = games::sc::get_analogs();
+
+        auto joy_left_x = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::sc::Analogs::LEFT_X)) * USHRT_MAX;
+        auto joy_left_y = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::sc::Analogs::LEFT_Y)) * USHRT_MAX;
+        auto joy_right_x = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::sc::Analogs::RIGHT_X)) * USHRT_MAX;
+        auto joy_right_y = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::sc::Analogs::RIGHT_Y)) * USHRT_MAX;
+
+        // because these are flight sticks, the X axis is inverted
+        *((uint16_t *) &STATUS_BUFFER[20]) = USHRT_MAX - (uint16_t) joy_left_x;
+        *((uint16_t *) &STATUS_BUFFER[22]) = (uint16_t) joy_left_y;
+        *((uint16_t *) &STATUS_BUFFER[24]) = USHRT_MAX - (uint16_t) joy_right_x;
+        *((uint16_t *) &STATUS_BUFFER[26]) = (uint16_t) joy_right_y;
+    }
+
+    // hello popn music
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JMP")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::hpm::get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0x00, 64);
+
+        // check buttons
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::Service))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::Test))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (!Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P1_Start))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P1_1))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 0;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P1_2))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P1_3))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P1_4))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 3;
+        }
+        if (!Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P2_Start))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[6] |= 1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P2_1))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P2_2))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P2_3))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 6;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::hpm::Buttons::P2_4))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 7;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // road fighters 3D
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JGT")) {
+        static int lever_state = 0;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::rf3d::get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0x00, 64);
+
+        // check buttons
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::Service))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::Test))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::View))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::Toggle2D3D))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 3;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::LeverUp))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 4;
+            lever_state = 0;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::LeverDown))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 5;
+            lever_state = 0;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::LeverLeft))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 6;
+            lever_state = 0;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::LeverRight))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 7;
+            lever_state = 0;
+        }
+
+        // auto lever buttons
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::AutoLeverUp)) && lever_state < 6) {
+            lever_state++;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::AutoLeverDown)) && lever_state > 0) {
+            lever_state--;
+        }
+
+        // auto lever logic
+        switch (lever_state) {
+            case 1:
+                STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 4 | 1 << 6;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 4 | 1 << 6;
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 4;
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 5;
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 4 | 1 << 7;
+                break;
+            case 6:
+                STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 5 | 1 << 7;
+                break;
+            default:
+                lever_state = 0;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_hbhi_watchdog_off() {
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::HBHIModule::HBHIModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("HBHI", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::HBHIModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_add_coin);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_consume_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_coin_blocker_close);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_coin_blocker_open);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_mode);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_lamp_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_parallel_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_parallel_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_control_reset);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_create_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_current_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_destroy_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_get_coin_input_wave_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_get_softwareid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_get_systemid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_get_watchdog_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_get_watchdog_time_min);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_get_watchdog_time_now);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_lock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_disburse);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_disburse_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_get_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_get_status_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_init);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_carddispenser_init_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_coin_input_wave);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_get_control_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check_softwareplug);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_check_systemplug);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_missing_check);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_volume_control);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_req_volume_control_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_reset_coin_slot_noise_flag);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_set_watchdog_time);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_unlock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hbhi_watchdog_off);
+}
diff --git a/acio/hbhi/hbhi.h b/acio/hbhi/hbhi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..607805c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/hbhi/hbhi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class HBHIModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        HBHIModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/hdxs/hdxs.cpp b/acio/hdxs/hdxs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d1f2484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/hdxs/hdxs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#include "hdxs.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "games/popn/io.h"
+#include "games/rb/io.h"
+#include "games/dea/io.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// state
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[32] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hdxs_get_control_status_buffer(int a1, void *a2) {
+
+    // copy buffer
+    memcpy(a2, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hdxs_led_scroll(int a1, char a2, char a3, char a4, char a5, char a6, char a7, char a8, char a9,
+                                         char a10, char a11, char a12, char a13) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hdxs_led_set_pattern(int index, char r, char g, char b, uint64_t led_bits) {
+
+    // reflec beat
+    if (avs::game::is_model({"KBR", "LBR", "MBR"})) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::rb::get_lights();
+
+        // set values
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::rb::Lights::PoleR), r / 127.f);
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::rb::Lights::PoleG), g / 127.f);
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::rb::Lights::PoleB), b / 127.f);
+    }
+
+    // dance evolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::dea::get_lights();
+
+        // decide on index
+        switch (index) {
+            case 12:
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::SideUpperLeftR), r / 127.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::SideUpperLeftG), g / 127.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::SideUpperLeftB), b / 127.f);
+                break;
+            case 14:
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::SideUpperRightR), r / 127.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::SideUpperRightG), g / 127.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::dea::Lights::SideUpperRightB), b / 127.f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // popn
+    if (avs::game::is_model("M39")) {
+
+        // mappings
+        static const uint64_t top_led_bits[] = {
+                0x80000000000000,
+                0x40000000000000,
+                0x20000000000000,
+                0x10000000000000,
+                0x8000000000000,
+                0x4000000000000,
+                0x2000000000000,
+                0x1000000000000,
+                0x800000000000,
+                0x400000000000,
+                0x200000000000,
+                0x100000000000,
+                0x80000000000,
+                0x40000000000,
+                0x20000000000,
+                0x10000000000,
+                0x8000000000,
+                0x4000000000,
+                0x2000000000,
+                0x1000000000,
+                0x800000000,
+                0x400000000,
+                0x200000000,
+                0x100000000,
+                0x80000000,
+                0x40000000,
+                0x20000000,
+                0x10000000,
+                0x8000000,
+                0x4000000,
+                0x2000000,
+                0x1000000,
+        };
+        static const size_t light_mapping[] {
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED1,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED2,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED3,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED4,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED5,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED6,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED7,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED8,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED9,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED10,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED11,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED12,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED13,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED14,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED15,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED16,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED17,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED18,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED19,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED20,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED21,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED22,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED23,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED24,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED25,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED26,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED27,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED28,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED29,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED30,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED31,
+                games::popn::Lights::TopLED32,
+        };
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::popn::get_lights();
+
+        // bit scan
+        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
+            bool value = (led_bits & top_led_bits[i]) > 0;
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(light_mapping[i]), value ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        }
+
+        // write RGB
+        auto value_r = r / 127.f;
+        auto value_g = g / 127.f;
+        auto value_b = b / 127.f;
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::popn::Lights::TopLED_R), value_r);
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::popn::Lights::TopLED_G), value_g);
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(games::popn::Lights::TopLED_B), value_b);
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hdxs_led_set_rgb_mask(int a1, char a2, char a3, long a4) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hdxs_update_control_status_buffer(int a1) {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hdxs_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval(int a1) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::HDXSModule::HDXSModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("HDXS", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::HDXSModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hdxs_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hdxs_led_scroll);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hdxs_led_set_pattern);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hdxs_led_set_rgb_mask);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hdxs_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hdxs_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval);
+}
diff --git a/acio/hdxs/hdxs.h b/acio/hdxs/hdxs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ac27de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/hdxs/hdxs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class HDXSModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        HDXSModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/hgth/hgth.cpp b/acio/hgth/hgth.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6d7036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/hgth/hgth.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "hgth.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "games/rf3d/io.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// state
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[32] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_hgth_set_senddata(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hgth_update_recvdata() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Road Fighters 3D
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JGT")) {
+
+        // keypad mirror fix
+        acio::ICCA_FLIP_ROWS = true;
+
+        // variables
+        uint16_t wheel = 0x7FFF;
+        uint16_t accelerator = 0x00;
+        uint16_t brake = 0x00;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::rf3d::get_buttons();
+
+        // check buttons
+        bool wheel_button = false;
+        bool accelerate_button = false;
+        bool brake_button = false;
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::WheelLeft))) {
+            wheel -= 0x7FFF;
+            wheel_button = true;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::WheelRight))) {
+            wheel += 0x8000;
+            wheel_button = true;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::Accelerate))) {
+            accelerator = 0xFFFF;
+            accelerate_button = true;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rf3d::Buttons::Brake))) {
+            brake = 0xFFFF;
+            brake_button = true;
+        }
+
+        // analogs
+        auto &analogs = games::rf3d::get_analogs();
+        if (!wheel_button && analogs.at(games::rf3d::Analogs::Wheel).isSet()) {
+            wheel = (uint16_t) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::rf3d::Analogs::Wheel)) * 0xFFFF);
+        }
+        if (!accelerate_button && analogs.at(games::rf3d::Analogs::Accelerate).isSet()) {
+            accelerator = (uint16_t) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::rf3d::Analogs::Accelerate)) * 0xFFFF);
+        }
+        if (!brake_button && analogs.at(games::rf3d::Analogs::Brake).isSet()) {
+            brake = (uint16_t) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs.at(games::rf3d::Analogs::Brake)) * 0xFFFF);
+        }
+
+        // write values
+        *((uint16_t *) STATUS_BUFFER + 1) = wheel;
+        *((uint16_t *) STATUS_BUFFER + 2) = accelerator;
+        *((uint16_t *) STATUS_BUFFER + 3) = brake;
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_hgth_get_recvdata(void *buffer) {
+
+    // copy buffer
+    memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_hgth_directreq_set_handle_limit(char a1, int *a2) {
+    *a2 = 1;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_hgth_directreq_set_handle_limit_isfinished(int *a1) {
+    *a1 = 2;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::HGTHModule::HGTHModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("HGTH", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::HGTHModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hgth_set_senddata);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hgth_update_recvdata);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hgth_get_recvdata);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hgth_directreq_set_handle_limit);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_hgth_directreq_set_handle_limit_isfinished);
+}
diff --git a/acio/hgth/hgth.h b/acio/hgth/hgth.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3233ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/hgth/hgth.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class HGTHModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        HGTHModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/i36g/i36g.cpp b/acio/i36g/i36g.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..336d69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/i36g/i36g.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,375 @@
+#include "i36g.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "games/mga/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[88 * 2] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_add_coin(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+
+    // not so sure we want to add coins
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_consume_coinstock(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_control_coin_blocker_close(int a1, int a2) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_control_coin_blocker_open(int a1, int a2) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_control_lamp_bright(uint32_t device, uint32_t lamp_bits, uint8_t brightness) {
+
+    // calculate value
+    float value = (float) brightness / 255.f;
+
+    // get lights
+    auto &lights = games::mga::get_lights();
+
+    // cabinet device
+    if (device == 21) {
+        if (lamp_bits & 1) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::LeftR], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 2) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::LeftG], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 4) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::LeftB], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 8) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::RightR], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 16) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::RightG], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 32) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::RightB], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 512) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::Start], value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // gun device
+    if (device == 22) {
+        if (lamp_bits & 1) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::GunR], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 2) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::GunG], value);
+        }
+        if (lamp_bits & 4) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::GunB], value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_control_motor_power(int device, uint8_t strength) {
+
+    // gun device
+    if (device == 22) {
+        float value = (float) strength / 255.f;
+        auto &lights = games::mga::get_lights();
+        Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::mga::Lights::GunVibration], value);
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_current_coinstock(int a1, int a2, int *a3) {
+
+    // get coinstock
+    *a3 = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_get_coin_input_wave_buffer(int a1, char *a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_i36g_get_control_status_buffer(int device, void *buffer) {
+
+    // cabinet buffer
+    if (device == 21) {
+        memcpy(buffer, &STATUS_BUFFER[0], 88);
+    }
+
+    // gun buffer
+    if (device == 22) {
+        memcpy(buffer, &STATUS_BUFFER[88], 88);
+    }
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_get_softwareid(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_get_systemid(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36g_get_watchdog_status(int a1) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+static short __cdecl ac_io_i36g_get_watchdog_time_min(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static short __cdecl ac_io_i36g_get_watchdog_time_now(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_lock_coincounter(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_coin_input_wave(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_get_control_status(int a1, int *a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check(int a1, char *a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check_isfinished(int a1, int *a2) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check_softwareplug(int a1, char *a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check_systemplug(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_missing_check(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished(int a1, int *a2) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_volume_control(int a1, char a2, char a3, char a4, char a5) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36g_req_volume_control_isfinished(int a1, int *ret_state) {
+    *ret_state = 3;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_set_cmdmode(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36g_set_watchdog_time(int a1, short a2) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_i36g_unlock_coincounter(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36g_update_control_status_buffer(int node) {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Metal Gear Arcade
+    if (avs::game::is_model("I36")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::mga::get_buttons();
+
+        // cabinet device
+        if (node == 21) {
+
+            // clear status buffer
+            memset(&STATUS_BUFFER[0], 0, 88);
+
+            // update buttons
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::Service))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[0], 44);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::Test))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[0], 45);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[0], 42);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::Start))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[0], 124);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // gun device
+        if (node == 22) {
+
+            // clear status buffer
+            memset(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 0, 88);
+
+            // update buttons
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::TriggerButton))
+            || (GetKeyState(VK_LBUTTON) & 0x100) != 0) { // mouse button
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 109);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::FrontTop))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 108);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::FrontBottom))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 106);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::SideLeft))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 107);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::SideRight))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 105);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::SideLever))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 104);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::SwitchButton))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 125);
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::mga::Buttons::Top))) {
+                ARRAY_SETB(&STATUS_BUFFER[88], 124);
+            }
+
+            // joy stick
+            unsigned short joy_x = 0x7FFF;
+            unsigned short joy_y = 0x7FFF;
+            bool joy_x_pressed = false;
+            bool joy_y_pressed = false;
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::mga::Buttons::JoyForwards])) {
+                joy_y -= 0x7FFF;
+                joy_y_pressed = true;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::mga::Buttons::JoyBackwards])) {
+                joy_y += 0x7FFF;
+                joy_y_pressed = true;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::mga::Buttons::JoyLeft])) {
+                joy_x -= 0x7FFF;
+                joy_x_pressed = true;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::mga::Buttons::JoyRight])) {
+                joy_x += 0x7FFF;
+                joy_x_pressed = true;
+            }
+
+            // joy stick raw input
+            auto &analogs = games::mga::get_analogs();
+            if (!joy_x_pressed && analogs[games::mga::Analogs::JoyX].isSet()) {
+                joy_x = (unsigned short) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[games::mga::Analogs::JoyX]) * 0xFFFF);
+            }
+            if (!joy_y_pressed && analogs[games::mga::Analogs::JoyY].isSet()) {
+                joy_y = (unsigned short) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[games::mga::Analogs::JoyY]) * 0xFFFF);
+            }
+
+            // save joy stick
+            STATUS_BUFFER[88 + 42] = LOBYTE(joy_y);
+            STATUS_BUFFER[88 + 43] = HIBYTE(joy_y);
+            STATUS_BUFFER[88 + 44] = LOBYTE(joy_x);
+            STATUS_BUFFER[88 + 45] = HIBYTE(joy_x);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_i36g_watchdog_off(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::I36GModule::I36GModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("I36G", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = &STATUS_BUFFER[0];
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::I36GModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_add_coin);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_consume_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_control_coin_blocker_close);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_control_coin_blocker_open);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_control_lamp_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_control_motor_power);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_current_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_get_coin_input_wave_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_get_softwareid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_get_systemid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_get_watchdog_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_get_watchdog_time_min);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_get_watchdog_time_now);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_lock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_coin_input_wave);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_get_control_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check_softwareplug);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_check_systemplug);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_missing_check);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_volume_control);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_req_volume_control_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_set_cmdmode);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_set_watchdog_time);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_unlock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36g_watchdog_off);
+
+    // I36S links
+    this->hook((void *) ac_io_i36g_update_control_status_buffer,
+               "ac_io_i36s_update_control_status_buffer");
+    this->hook((void *) ac_io_i36g_get_control_status_buffer,
+               "ac_io_i36s_get_control_status_buffer");
+    this->hook((void *) ac_io_i36g_set_cmdmode,
+               "ac_io_i36s_set_cmdmode");
+}
diff --git a/acio/i36g/i36g.h b/acio/i36g/i36g.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7d22628
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/i36g/i36g.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class I36GModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        I36GModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/i36i/i36i.cpp b/acio/i36i/i36i.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b2cdaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/i36i/i36i.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#include "i36i.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+//using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[48];
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_ps3_controller_pwr_on() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_ps3_controller_pwr_off() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_create_get_status_thread() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_destroy_get_status_thread() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+
+    // Winning Eleven
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "KCK", "NCK" })) {
+        // TODO
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_get_control_status_buffer(uint8_t *buffer) {
+    memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_usb_controller_bus_IO() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_usb_controller_bus_PC() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_req_get_usb_desc(int a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_i36i_req_get_usb_desc_isfinished(
+        int a1, uint32_t *a2, int a3, uint32_t *out_size, uint8_t *in_data, unsigned int in_size) {
+
+    // DualShock 3 device descriptor
+    static uint8_t DS3_DESC[] {
+        0x12,        // bLength
+        0x01,        // bDescriptorType (Device)
+        0x00, 0x02,  // bcdUSB 2.00
+        0x00,        // bDeviceClass (Use class information in the Interface Descriptors)
+        0x00,        // bDeviceSubClass
+        0x00,        // bDeviceProtocol
+        0x40,        // bMaxPacketSize0 64
+        0x4C, 0x05,  // idVendor 0x054C
+        0x68, 0x02,  // idProduct 0x0268
+        0x00, 0x01,  // bcdDevice 1.00
+        0x01,        // iManufacturer (String Index)
+        0x02,        // iProduct (String Index)
+        0x00,        // iSerialNumber (String Index)
+        0x01,        // bNumConfigurations 1
+    };
+
+    // copy descriptor to buffer
+    *out_size = MIN(sizeof(DS3_DESC), in_size);
+    memcpy(in_data, DS3_DESC, *out_size);
+
+    // we apparently need this too
+    *a2 = 3;
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+acio::I36IModule::I36IModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("I36I", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::I36IModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_ps3_controller_pwr_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_ps3_controller_pwr_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_create_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_destroy_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_usb_controller_bus_IO);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_usb_controller_bus_PC);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_req_get_usb_desc);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_i36i_req_get_usb_desc_isfinished);
+}
diff --git a/acio/i36i/i36i.h b/acio/i36i/i36i.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..514fa8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/i36i/i36i.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class I36IModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        I36IModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/icca/icca.cpp b/acio/icca/icca.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fb98ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/icca/icca.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,472 @@
+#include <cmath>
+#include "icca.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+
+// settings
+namespace acio {
+    bool ICCA_FLIP_ROWS = false;
+    bool ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE = false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helpers
+ */
+
+struct ICCA_STATUS {
+    uint8_t status_code;
+    uint8_t solenoid;
+    uint8_t front_sensor;
+    uint8_t rear_sensor;
+    uint8_t uid[8];
+    int32_t error;
+    uint32_t key_edge;
+    uint32_t key_level;
+};
+struct ICCA_STATUS_LA9 {
+    uint8_t status_code;
+    uint8_t card_in;
+    uint8_t uid[8];
+    uint8_t error;
+    uint8_t uid2[8];
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(struct ICCA_STATUS) == 24, "ICCA_STATUS must be 24 bytes");
+
+enum ICCA_WORKFLOW {
+    STEP,
+    SLEEP,
+    START,
+    INIT,
+    READY,
+    GET_USERID,
+    ACTIVE,
+    EJECT,
+    EJECT_CHECK,
+    END,
+    CLOSE_EJECT,
+    CLOSE_E_CHK,
+    CLOSE_END,
+    ERR_GETUID = -2
+};
+struct ICCA_UNIT {
+    struct ICCA_STATUS status {};
+    enum ICCA_WORKFLOW state = STEP;
+    bool card_cmd_pressed = false;
+    bool card_in = false;
+    double card_in_time = 0.0;
+    char key_serial = 0;
+    bool uid_skip = false;
+    bool initialized = false;
+};
+static ICCA_UNIT ICCA_UNITS[2] {};
+static bool IS_LAST_CARD_FELICA = false;
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+static double CARD_TIMEOUT = 2.0;
+
+static inline int icca_get_active_count() {
+    int active_count = 0;
+    for (auto unit : ICCA_UNITS) {
+        active_count += unit.initialized;
+    }
+    return active_count;
+}
+
+static inline int icca_get_unit_id(int unit_id) {
+    if (icca_get_active_count() < 2)
+        return 1;
+    else {
+        if (unit_id > 1) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void update_card(int unit_id) {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // eamio keypress
+    int index = unit_id > 0 && icca_get_active_count() > 1 ? 1 : 0;
+    bool kb_insert_press = (eamuse_get_keypad_state(index) & (1 << EAM_IO_INSERT)) > 0;
+
+    // get unit
+    ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+
+    // check for card insert
+    static bool kb_insert_press_old[2] = {false, false};
+    if (eamuse_card_insert_consume(icca_get_active_count(), unit_id) ||
+        (kb_insert_press && !kb_insert_press_old[unit_id])) {
+        if (!unit->card_cmd_pressed) {
+            unit->card_cmd_pressed = true;
+            if (unit->state == GET_USERID || unit->state == CLOSE_EJECT || unit->state == STEP) {
+                if (unit->uid_skip || eamuse_get_card(icca_get_active_count(), unit_id, unit->status.uid)) {
+                    IS_LAST_CARD_FELICA = is_card_uid_felica(unit->status.uid);
+
+                    unit->state = acio::ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE ? START : ACTIVE;
+                    unit->status.error = 0;
+                } else {
+                    unit->state = ERR_GETUID;
+                    memset(unit->status.uid, 0, 8);
+                }
+                unit->card_in = true;
+                unit->card_in_time = get_performance_seconds();
+            } else if (unit->state == EJECT_CHECK) {
+                unit->state = SLEEP;
+                unit->card_in = false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            unit->state = acio::ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE ? START : ACTIVE;
+            unit->status.error = 0;
+            unit->card_in = true;
+            unit->card_in_time = get_performance_seconds();
+        }
+    } else {
+        unit->card_cmd_pressed = false;
+        unit->state = CLOSE_EJECT;
+        if (fabs(get_performance_seconds() - unit->card_in_time) > CARD_TIMEOUT) {
+            unit->card_in = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // save state
+    kb_insert_press_old[unit_id] = kb_insert_press;
+}
+
+static bool KEYPAD_LAST[2][12];
+static uint32_t KEYPAD_EAMUSE_MAPPING[] = {
+        0, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11, 8, 4
+};
+static uint32_t KEYPAD_KEY_CODES[] = {
+        0x100,
+        0x200,
+        0x2000,
+        2,
+        0x400,
+        0x4000,
+        4,
+        0x800,
+        0x8000,
+        8,
+        1,
+        0x1000
+};
+static uint32_t KEYPAD_KEY_CODE_NUMS[] = {
+        0, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11, 8, 4
+};
+
+static inline void keypad_update(int unit_id) {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // reset unit
+    struct ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+    unit->status.key_level = 0;
+    unit->status.error = 0;
+
+    // get eamu state
+    int index = unit_id > 0 && icca_get_active_count() > 1 ? 1 : 0;
+    uint16_t eamu_state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(index);
+
+    // iterate keypad
+    for (int n = 0; n < 12; n++) {
+        int i = n;
+
+        // flip 123 with 789
+        if (acio::ICCA_FLIP_ROWS) {
+            if (!n)
+                i = 11;
+            else if (n < 4)
+                i = n + 6;
+            else if (n > 6 && n < 10)
+                i = n - 6;
+            else if (n == 11)
+                i = 0;
+        }
+
+        // check if pressed
+        if ((eamu_state & (1 << KEYPAD_EAMUSE_MAPPING[i])))
+        {
+            unit->status.key_level |= KEYPAD_KEY_CODES[i];
+
+            if (!KEYPAD_LAST[unit_id][i]) {
+                unit->status.key_edge = KEYPAD_KEY_CODES[n] << 16;
+                unit->status.key_edge |= 0x80 | (unit->key_serial << 4) | KEYPAD_KEY_CODE_NUMS[n];
+
+                unit->key_serial += 1;
+                unit->key_serial &= 0x07;
+            }
+            KEYPAD_LAST[unit_id][i] = true;
+        } else {
+            unit->status.key_edge &= ~(KEYPAD_KEY_CODES[n] << 16);
+
+            KEYPAD_LAST[unit_id][i] = false;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_icca_cardunit_init(int unit_id) {
+    unit_id = icca_get_unit_id(unit_id);
+
+    // dirty workaround code
+    if (icca_get_active_count() < 1)
+        ICCA_UNITS[unit_id].initialized = true;
+    else {
+        ICCA_UNITS[0].initialized = true;
+        ICCA_UNITS[1].initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    // initial poll
+    eamuse_get_keypad_state(unit_id);
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_cardunit_init_isfinished(int unit_id, DWORD *status) {
+    *status = READY;
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_crypt_init(int unit_id) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_device_control_iccard_power_supply_off(int unit_id) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_device_control_iccard_power_supply_on(int unit_id) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_icca_device_control_isfinished(int unit_id, DWORD *a2) {
+    if (a2 && avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+        *a2 = 6;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_icca_get_keep_alive_error(int unit_id, DWORD *a2) {
+    *a2 = 0;
+    return false;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_get_status(void *a1, void *a2) {
+
+    // Metal Gear Arcade and Charge Machine had the args swapped so we need to check for valid pointers!
+    if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(a2) > 2) {
+        std::swap(a1, a2);
+
+        // honestly this could be used to detect if compat mode should be active
+        // but we are too lazy to check if all games still work with this change
+        //acio::ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE = true;
+    }
+
+    // and best just leave this casting mess alone unless something is wrong with it.
+    // long long is required because casting to int loses precision on 64-bit
+    void *status = a1;
+    int unit_id = static_cast<int>(reinterpret_cast<long long>(a2));
+
+    // update state
+    unit_id = icca_get_unit_id(unit_id);
+    keypad_update(unit_id);
+    update_card(unit_id);
+
+    // copy state to output buffer
+    ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+    unit->status.status_code = unit->state;
+    memcpy(status, &unit->status, sizeof(struct ICCA_STATUS));
+
+    // funny workaround
+    if (acio::ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE) {
+        if (avs::game::is_model("LA9")) {
+            auto p = (ICCA_STATUS*) status;
+
+            ICCA_STATUS_LA9 p_la9;
+            p_la9.status_code = unit->state;
+            p_la9.card_in = unit->card_in;
+            memcpy(p_la9.uid, p->uid, sizeof(p_la9.uid));
+            p_la9.error = p->error;
+            memcpy(p_la9.uid2, p->uid, sizeof(p_la9.uid));
+
+            memcpy(status, &p_la9, sizeof(ICCA_STATUS_LA9));
+        } else {
+            // the struct is different (28 bytes instead of 24) but nobody ain't got time for that
+            auto p = (ICCA_STATUS*) status;
+            p->error = p->key_level << 16;
+            p->front_sensor = p->uid[0];
+            p->rear_sensor = p->uid[1];
+            for (size_t i = 2; i < sizeof(p->uid); i++) {
+                p->uid[i - 2] = p->uid[i];
+            }
+            p->uid[sizeof(p->uid) - 2] = 0;
+            p->uid[sizeof(p->uid) - 1] = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_get_uid(int unit_id, char *card) {
+    unit_id = icca_get_unit_id(unit_id);
+    ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+
+    // copy card
+    memcpy(card, unit->status.uid, 8);
+
+    // set felica flag
+    IS_LAST_CARD_FELICA = is_card_uid_felica(unit->status.uid);
+
+    // check for error
+    return unit->state != ERR_GETUID;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_get_uid_felica(int unit_id, char *card) {
+    unit_id = icca_get_unit_id(unit_id);
+    ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+
+    // copy card
+    memcpy(card, unit->status.uid, 8);
+
+    // set felica flag
+    bool felica = is_card_uid_felica(unit->status.uid);
+    card[8] = (char) (felica ? 1 : 0);
+    IS_LAST_CARD_FELICA = felica;
+
+    // check for error
+    return unit->state != ERR_GETUID;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_icca_is_felica() {
+    return IS_LAST_CARD_FELICA;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_req_uid(int unit_id) {
+    unit_id = icca_get_unit_id(unit_id);
+
+    ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+    unit->state = GET_USERID;
+
+    update_card(unit_id);
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_icca_req_uid_isfinished(int unit_id, DWORD *read_state) {
+    unit_id = icca_get_unit_id(unit_id);
+    ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+    if (unit->card_in) {
+        if (fabs(get_performance_seconds() - unit->card_in_time) < CARD_TIMEOUT) {
+            unit->state = END;
+        } else {
+            unit->state = ERR_GETUID;
+        }
+        unit->card_in = false;
+    }
+    *read_state = unit->state;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_icca_send_keep_alive_packet(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_icca_workflow(int workflow, int unit_id) {
+
+    unit_id = icca_get_unit_id(unit_id);
+    ICCA_UNIT *unit = &ICCA_UNITS[unit_id];
+    switch (workflow) {
+        case STEP:
+            if (avs::game::is_model("JDZ"))
+                unit->state = SLEEP;
+            else
+                unit->state = STEP;
+            break;
+        case SLEEP:
+            unit->state = SLEEP;
+            break;
+        case INIT:
+            unit->state = READY;
+            break;
+        case START:
+            if (unit->card_in)
+                unit->state = ACTIVE;
+            else
+                unit->state = READY;
+            break;
+        case EJECT:
+            unit->card_in = false;
+            break;
+        case CLOSE_EJECT:
+            unit->state = unit->card_in ? EJECT_CHECK : SLEEP;
+            break;
+        case CLOSE_END:
+            unit->state = SLEEP;
+            break;
+        case GET_USERID:
+            unit->state = GET_USERID;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return unit->state;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_icca_req_status(int a1, char a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_icca_req_status_isfinished(int a1, int *a2) {
+    *a2 = 11;
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::ICCAModule::ICCAModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("ICCA", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = (uint8_t*) &ICCA_UNITS[0];
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(ICCA_UNITS);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::ICCAModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_cardunit_init);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_cardunit_init_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_crypt_init);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_device_control_iccard_power_supply_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_device_control_iccard_power_supply_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_device_control_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_get_keep_alive_error);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_get_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_get_uid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_get_uid_felica);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_is_felica);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_req_uid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_req_uid_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_send_keep_alive_packet);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_workflow);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_req_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_icca_req_status_isfinished);
+}
diff --git a/acio/icca/icca.h b/acio/icca/icca.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9722cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/icca/icca.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool ICCA_FLIP_ROWS;
+    extern bool ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE;
+
+    class ICCAModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        ICCAModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
+
+static inline bool is_card_uid_felica(uint8_t *uid) {
+    return uid[0] != 0xE0 && uid[1] != 0x04;
+}
diff --git a/acio/j32d/j32d.cpp b/acio/j32d/j32d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fab58cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/j32d/j32d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#include "j32d.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/ftt/io.h"
+#include "games/scotto/io.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint32_t STATUS_BUFFER[20] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+static uint32_t STATUS_BUFFER_COUNTER = 1;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_j32d_get_control_status_buffer(size_t a1, void* buffer, int a3) {
+
+    // set counter
+    STATUS_BUFFER[14] = STATUS_BUFFER_COUNTER++;
+
+    // copy buffer
+    memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_j32d_update_control_status_buffer(size_t a1) {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+
+    // FutureTomTom
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MMD")) {
+
+        // process buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::ftt::get_buttons();
+        float pad1_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Pad1));
+        float pad2_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Pad2));
+        float pad3_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Pad3));
+        float pad4_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Pad4));
+        // FIXME(felix): this logic seems wrong for analog handling but correct for digital inputs
+        if (pad1_vel > 0.f) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[6] = (int) (51.f * pad1_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Pad2))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[7] = (int) (51.f * pad2_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Pad3))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[8] = (int) (51.f * pad3_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::ftt::Buttons::Pad4))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[9] = (int) (51.f * pad4_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+
+        // process analogs
+        auto &analogs = games::ftt::get_analogs();
+        auto pad1_analog = analogs.at(games::ftt::Analogs::Pad1);
+        auto pad2_analog = analogs.at(games::ftt::Analogs::Pad2);
+        auto pad3_analog = analogs.at(games::ftt::Analogs::Pad3);
+        auto pad4_analog = analogs.at(games::ftt::Analogs::Pad4);
+        if (pad1_analog.isSet()) {
+            auto val = (uint32_t) (51.f * Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, pad1_analog) + 0.5f);
+            STATUS_BUFFER[6] = MAX(STATUS_BUFFER[6], val);
+        }
+        if (pad2_analog.isSet()) {
+            auto val = (uint32_t) (51.f * Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, pad2_analog) + 0.5f);
+            STATUS_BUFFER[7] = MAX(STATUS_BUFFER[7], val);
+        }
+        if (pad3_analog.isSet()) {
+            auto val = (uint32_t) (51.f * Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, pad3_analog) + 0.5f);
+            STATUS_BUFFER[8] = MAX(STATUS_BUFFER[8], val);
+        }
+        if (pad4_analog.isSet()) {
+            auto val = (uint32_t) (51.f * Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, pad4_analog) + 0.5f);
+            STATUS_BUFFER[9] = MAX(STATUS_BUFFER[9], val);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Scotto
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NSC")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::scotto::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::Cup1))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x1;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::Cup2))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x2;
+        }
+
+        // process button emulation for pads
+        float first_pad_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::FirstPad));
+        float pad_a_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadA));
+        float pad_b_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadB));
+        float pad_c_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadC));
+        float pad_d_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadD));
+        float pad_e_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadE));
+        float pad_f_vel = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadF));
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::FirstPad))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[6] = (int) (191.f * first_pad_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadA))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[7] = (int) (51.f * pad_a_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadB))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[8] = (int) (51.f * pad_b_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadC))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[9] = (int) (51.f * pad_c_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadD))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[10] = (int) (51.f * pad_d_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadE))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[11] = (int) (51.f * pad_e_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::PadF))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] = (int) (51.f * pad_f_vel + 0.5f);
+        }
+
+        // TODO(felix): analogs
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::J32DModule::J32DModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("J32D", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = (uint8_t*) &STATUS_BUFFER[0];
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::J32DModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_j32d_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_j32d_update_control_status_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/acio/j32d/j32d.h b/acio/j32d/j32d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1acb591
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/j32d/j32d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class J32DModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        J32DModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/kfca/kfca.cpp b/acio/kfca/kfca.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..079208c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/kfca/kfca.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+#include "kfca.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/bs/io.h"
+#include "games/nost/io.h"
+#include "games/scotto/io.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// globals
+uint8_t KFCA_VOL_SOUND = 96;
+uint8_t KFCA_VOL_HEADPHONE = 96;
+uint8_t KFCA_VOL_EXTERNAL = 96;
+uint8_t KFCA_VOL_WOOFER = 96;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[64] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+static unsigned int KFCA_VOLL = 0;
+static unsigned int KFCA_VOLR = 0;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_kfca_control_button_led(unsigned int button, bool state) {
+
+    // Sound Voltex
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+
+        // control mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                games::sdvx::Lights::BT_A,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::BT_B,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::BT_C,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::BT_D,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::FX_L,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::FX_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::START,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_B,
+        };
+
+        // check if button is mapped
+        if (button < 8) {
+
+            // get lights
+            auto &lights = games::sdvx::get_lights();
+
+            // write light
+            float value = state ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[button]), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Scotto
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NSC")) {
+
+        // control mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_F_B,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_E_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_E_B,
+                ~0u,
+                ~0u,
+                ~0u,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_F_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::BUTTON,
+        };
+
+        // check if button is mapped
+        if (button < std::size(mapping) && button[mapping] != ~0u) {
+
+            // get lights
+            auto &lights = games::scotto::get_lights();
+
+            // write light
+            float value = state ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[button]), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_kfca_control_coin_blocker_close(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_kfca_control_coin_blocker_open(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_kfca_control_led_bright(uint32_t led_field, uint8_t brightness) {
+
+    // Sound Voltex
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::sdvx::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] {
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_G,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_B,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_G,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_B,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_G,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_B,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_G,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_B,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_G,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_B,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_G,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_B,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_R,
+                games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_G,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness / 255.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BeatStream
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NBT")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::bs::get_lights();
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] {
+                ~0u, ~0u, ~0u,
+                games::bs::Lights::RightR,
+                games::bs::Lights::RightG,
+                games::bs::Lights::RightB,
+                games::bs::Lights::LeftR,
+                games::bs::Lights::LeftG,
+                games::bs::Lights::LeftB,
+                games::bs::Lights::BottomR,
+                games::bs::Lights::BottomG,
+                games::bs::Lights::BottomB,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness / 127.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (mapping[i] != ~0u && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Nostalgia
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PAN")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::nost::get_lights();
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] {
+                ~0u, ~0u, ~0u,
+                games::nost::Lights::TitleR,
+                games::nost::Lights::TitleG,
+                games::nost::Lights::TitleB,
+                ~0u, ~0u, ~0u,
+                games::nost::Lights::BottomR,
+                games::nost::Lights::BottomG,
+                games::nost::Lights::BottomB,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness / 127.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (mapping[i] != ~0u && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Scotto
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NSC")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::scotto::get_lights();
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] {
+                games::scotto::Lights::CUP_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::CUP_G,
+                games::scotto::Lights::CUP_B,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_A_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_A_G,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_A_B,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_B_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_B_G,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_B_B,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_C_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_C_G,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_C_B,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_D_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_D_G,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_D_B,
+                games::scotto::Lights::FIRST_PAD_R,
+                games::scotto::Lights::FIRST_PAD_G,
+                games::scotto::Lights::FIRST_PAD_B,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_F_G,
+                games::scotto::Lights::PAD_E_G,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness / 255.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_kfca_current_coinstock(int a1, DWORD *a2) {
+    *a2 = (DWORD) eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_kfca_get_control_status_buffer(void *target_buffer) {
+
+    // copy buffer
+    return memcpy(target_buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, 64);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_kfca_lock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_kfca_req_volume_control(
+        uint8_t vol_sound, uint8_t vol_headphone, uint8_t vol_external, uint8_t vol_woofer) {
+
+    // update globals
+    KFCA_VOL_SOUND = vol_sound;
+    KFCA_VOL_HEADPHONE = vol_headphone;
+    KFCA_VOL_EXTERNAL = vol_external;
+    KFCA_VOL_WOOFER = vol_woofer;
+
+    // Sound Voltex
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::sdvx::get_lights();
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_SOUND],
+                                    (100 - vol_sound) / 100.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_HEADPHONE],
+                                    (100 - vol_headphone) / 100.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_EXTERNAL],
+                                    (100 - vol_external) / 100.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_WOOFER],
+                                    (100 - vol_woofer) / 100.f);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_kfca_set_watchdog_time(short a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_kfca_unlock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_kfca_update_control_status_buffer() {
+    static const int input_offset = 4;
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, 64);
+
+    // SDVX
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::sdvx::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Test))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Service))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x04;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Start))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x08;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_A))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x04;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_B))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x02;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_C))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x01;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_D))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 11] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_L))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 11] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_R))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 11] |= 0x08;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Headphone))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x20;
+        }
+
+        // volume left
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_L_Left))) {
+            KFCA_VOLL = (KFCA_VOLL - games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_L_Right))) {
+            KFCA_VOLL = (KFCA_VOLL + games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+
+        // volume right
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_R_Left))) {
+            KFCA_VOLR = (KFCA_VOLR - games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_R_Right))) {
+            KFCA_VOLR = (KFCA_VOLR + games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS) & 1023;
+        }
+
+        // update volumes
+        auto &analogs = games::sdvx::get_analogs();
+        auto vol_left = KFCA_VOLL;
+        auto vol_right = KFCA_VOLR;
+        if (analogs.at(0).isSet() || analogs.at(1).isSet()) {
+            vol_left += (unsigned int) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                                                          analogs.at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_L)) * 1023.99f);
+            vol_right += (unsigned int) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                                                           analogs.at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_R)) * 1023.99f);
+        }
+
+        // proper loops
+        vol_left %= 1024;
+        vol_right %= 1024;
+
+        // save volumes in buffer
+        STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 16 + 0] |= (unsigned char) ((vol_left << 6) & 0xFF);
+        STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 16 + 1] |= (unsigned char) ((vol_left >> 2) & 0xFF);
+        STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 16 + 2] |= (unsigned char) ((vol_right << 6) & 0xFF);
+        STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 16 + 3] |= (unsigned char) ((vol_right >> 2) & 0xFF);
+    }
+
+    // Beatstream
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NBT")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::bs::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bs::Buttons::Test))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bs::Buttons::Service))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bs::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x04;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Nostalgia
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PAN")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::nost::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::nost::Buttons::Service))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::nost::Buttons::Test))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::nost::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x04;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Scotto
+    if (avs::game::is_model("NSC")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::scotto::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::Test)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::Service)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::CoinMech)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 1] |= 0x04;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::Start)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::Up)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::scotto::Buttons::Down)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[input_offset + 9] |= 0x08;
+        }
+
+        // the code also checks `input_offset + 9` for 0x01 but that does not trigger any response
+        // in the "I/O CHECK" scene
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_kfca_watchdog_off() {
+}
+
+// yes this is spelled "marge" instead of "merge"
+static int __cdecl ac_io_kfca_set_status_marge_func(void *cb) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::KFCAModule::KFCAModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("KFCA", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::KFCAModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_control_button_led);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_control_coin_blocker_close);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_control_coin_blocker_open);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_control_led_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_current_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_lock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_req_volume_control);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_set_watchdog_time);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_unlock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_watchdog_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_kfca_set_status_marge_func);
+}
diff --git a/acio/kfca/kfca.h b/acio/kfca/kfca.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fb464a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/kfca/kfca.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    extern uint8_t KFCA_VOL_SOUND;
+    extern uint8_t KFCA_VOL_HEADPHONE;
+    extern uint8_t KFCA_VOL_EXTERNAL;
+    extern uint8_t KFCA_VOL_WOOFER;
+
+    class KFCAModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        KFCAModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/klpa/klpa.cpp b/acio/klpa/klpa.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd39d90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/klpa/klpa.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+#include "klpa.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/loveplus/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[48];
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+static const size_t LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING[] = {
+    games::loveplus::Lights::Red,
+    games::loveplus::Lights::Green,
+    games::loveplus::Lights::Blue,
+    SIZE_MAX,
+    games::loveplus::Lights::Right,
+    games::loveplus::Lights::Left,
+};
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_klpa_consume_coinstock(int a1, DWORD *a2) {
+    *a2 = (DWORD) eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_klpa_control_coin_blocker_close(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_klpa_control_coin_blocker_open(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_klpa_control_led_off(size_t index) {
+
+    // LovePlus
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KLP") && index < std::size(LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING)) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::loveplus::get_lights();
+
+        if (LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING[index] != SIZE_MAX) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING[index]), 0.f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_klpa_control_led_on(size_t index) {
+
+    // LovePlus
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KLP") && index < std::size(LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING)) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::loveplus::get_lights();
+
+        if (LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING[index] != SIZE_MAX) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING[index]), 1.f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_create_get_status_thread() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_klpa_current_coinstock(int a1, DWORD *a2) {
+
+    // check bounds
+    if (a1 < 0 || a1 >= 2) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    *a2 = (DWORD) eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_destroy_get_status_thread() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void* __cdecl ac_io_klpa_get_control_status_buffer(void *a1) {
+
+    // copy buffer
+    return memcpy(a1, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_klpa_get_io_command_mode(void *a1) {
+    memset(a1, 0, 4);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_klpa_led_reset() {
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KLP")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::loveplus::get_lights();
+
+        for (const auto &mapping : LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING) {
+            if (mapping != SIZE_MAX) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping), 0.f);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_klpa_lock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_set_io_command_mode(int a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_set_io_command_mode_is_finished(uint8_t *a1) {
+    *a1 = 0;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl ac_io_klpa_set_led_bright(size_t index, uint8_t brightness) {
+
+    // LovePlus
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KLP") && index < std::size(LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING)) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::loveplus::get_lights();
+
+        if (LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING[index] != SIZE_MAX) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(LOVEPLUS_LIGHTS_MAPPING[index]), brightness / 127.f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_set_sound_mute(int a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_set_sound_mute_is_finished(int a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_set_watchdog_time(short a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_klpa_unlock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_klpa_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // reset buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+
+    // LovePlus
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KLP")) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::loveplus::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::loveplus::Buttons::Test)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::loveplus::Buttons::Service)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::loveplus::Buttons::Left)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 6;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::loveplus::Buttons::Right)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[12] |= 1 << 7;
+        }
+
+        // x[9] & 0x3F) = volume output level?
+        // x[11] & 0x3F) = volume output level?
+        // x[12] |= (1 << 4) = headphone jack
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::KLPAModule::KLPAModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("KLPA", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::KLPAModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_consume_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_control_coin_blocker_close);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_control_coin_blocker_open);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_control_led_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_control_led_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_create_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_current_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_destroy_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_get_io_command_mode);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_led_reset);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_lock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_set_io_command_mode);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_set_io_command_mode_is_finished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_set_led_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_set_sound_mute);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_set_sound_mute_is_finished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_set_watchdog_time);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_unlock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_klpa_update_control_status_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/acio/klpa/klpa.h b/acio/klpa/klpa.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79ca4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/klpa/klpa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class KLPAModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        KLPAModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/la9a/la9a.cpp b/acio/la9a/la9a.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc90f01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/la9a/la9a.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+#include "la9a.h"
+
+#include "games/pcm/io.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+
+namespace acio {
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+    struct la9a_control_status {
+        uint8_t p1 : 6;
+        uint8_t service_button : 1;
+        uint8_t test_button : 1;
+        uint8_t p2[9];
+        uint8_t lcd_counter;
+        uint8_t p3[5];
+        uint16_t touch_x;
+        uint16_t touch_y;
+        uint16_t touch_z;
+        uint8_t p4[26];
+    };
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+    static struct la9a_control_status CONTROL_STATUS {};
+    static bool TOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_io_la9a_set_error_message(int, unsigned int, int) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_io_la9a_update_control_status_buffer() {
+        CONTROL_STATUS.touch_z = 0xFF;
+        CONTROL_STATUS.test_button = 0;
+        CONTROL_STATUS.service_button = 0;
+
+        // attach touch handler on the first call to this function
+        if (!TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+            log_misc("la9a", "attach touch handler");
+
+            HWND hwnd = FindWindowBeginsWith("LA9");
+            if (!hwnd) {
+                log_fatal("la9a", "LA9 window not found");
+            }
+            touch_create_wnd(hwnd);
+            graphics_hook_window(hwnd, nullptr);
+
+            if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+                ShowCursor(1);
+            }
+
+            TOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+        }
+
+        // update touch
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_get_points(touch_points);
+
+        if (!touch_points.empty()) {
+            auto &touch_point = touch_points[0];
+
+            // TODO: `x` and `y` should be clamped [0, std::numeric_limits<uint16_t>::max())
+            CONTROL_STATUS.touch_x = static_cast<uint16_t>(touch_point.x);
+            CONTROL_STATUS.touch_y = static_cast<uint16_t>(touch_point.y);
+            CONTROL_STATUS.touch_z = 0;
+        }
+        CONTROL_STATUS.lcd_counter++;
+
+        // update buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::pcm::get_buttons();
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::pcm::Buttons::Test])) {
+            CONTROL_STATUS.test_button = 1;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::pcm::Buttons::Service])) {
+            CONTROL_STATUS.service_button = 1;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl ac_io_la9a_update_counter(int, int) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl ac_io_la9a_update_lcd(int) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl ac_io_la9a_get_control_status_buffer(struct la9a_control_status *control_status) {
+        *control_status = CONTROL_STATUS;
+    }
+
+    LA9AModule::LA9AModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("LA9A", module, hookMode) {
+        //this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+        //this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+        //this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+    }
+    
+    void LA9AModule::attach() {
+        ACIOModule::attach();
+
+        // hooks
+        ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_la9a_set_error_message);
+        ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_la9a_update_control_status_buffer);
+        ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_la9a_get_control_status_buffer);
+        ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_la9a_update_lcd);
+        ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_la9a_update_counter);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/acio/la9a/la9a.h b/acio/la9a/la9a.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a179915
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/la9a/la9a.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class LA9AModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        LA9AModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+        
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio/mdxf/mdxf.cpp b/acio/mdxf/mdxf.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8fe81d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/mdxf/mdxf.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#include "mdxf.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/ddr/io.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+// constants
+const size_t STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE = 32;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t COUNTER = 0;
+
+// buffers
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+static struct {
+    uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER_P1[7][STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE] {};
+    uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER_P2[7][STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE] {};
+} BUFFERS {};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+typedef uint64_t (__cdecl *ARK_GET_TICK_TIME64_T)();
+
+static uint64_t arkGetTickTime64() {
+    static ARK_GET_TICK_TIME64_T getTickTime64 =
+        (ARK_GET_TICK_TIME64_T)GetProcAddress(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE, "arkGetTickTime64");
+    if (getTickTime64 == nullptr) {
+        // this works on 32-bit versions of avs, but not on 64.
+        // it's better than nothing though.
+        return timeGetTime();
+    }
+    return getTickTime64();
+}
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_mdxf_get_control_status_buffer(int node, void *buffer, uint8_t a3, uint8_t a4) {
+
+    // Dance Dance Revolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+
+        // get buffer index
+        auto i = (COUNTER + a3) % std::size(BUFFERS.STATUS_BUFFER_P1);
+
+        // copy buffer
+        if (node == 17 || node == 25) {
+            memcpy(buffer, BUFFERS.STATUS_BUFFER_P1[i], STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        } else if (node == 18 || node == 26) {
+            memcpy(buffer, BUFFERS.STATUS_BUFFER_P2[i], STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        } else {
+
+            // fill with zeros on unknown node
+            memset(buffer, 0, STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_mdxf_set_output_level(unsigned int a1, unsigned int a2, uint8_t value) {
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+        static const struct {
+            int a2[4];
+        } mapping[] = {
+            {
+                // a1 == 17
+                {
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_STAGE_UP_RIGHT,
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_STAGE_DOWN_LEFT,
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_STAGE_UP_LEFT,
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P1_STAGE_DOWN_RIGHT
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                // a1 == 18
+                {
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_STAGE_UP_RIGHT,
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_STAGE_DOWN_LEFT,
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_STAGE_UP_LEFT,
+                    games::ddr::Lights::GOLD_P2_STAGE_DOWN_RIGHT
+                }
+            }
+        };
+        if ((a1 == 17 || a1 == 18) && (a2 < 4)) {
+            // get light from mapping
+            const auto light = mapping[a1 - 17].a2[a2];
+
+            // get lights
+            auto &lights = games::ddr::get_lights();
+
+            // write lights
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[light], value / 128.f);
+        }
+    }
+    
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_mdxf_update_control_status_buffer(int node) {
+
+    // increase counter
+    COUNTER = (COUNTER + 1) % std::size(BUFFERS.STATUS_BUFFER_P1);
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    uint8_t *buffer = nullptr;
+    switch (node) {
+        case 17:
+        case 25:
+            buffer = BUFFERS.STATUS_BUFFER_P1[COUNTER];
+            break;
+        case 18:
+        case 26:
+            buffer = BUFFERS.STATUS_BUFFER_P2[COUNTER];
+            break;
+        default:
+
+            // return failure on unknown node
+            return false;
+    }
+    memset(buffer, 0, STATUS_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+    // Dance Dance Revolution
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+
+        // Sensor Map (LDUR):
+        // FOOT DOWN = bit 32-35 = byte 4, bit 0-3
+        // FOOT UP = bit 36-39 = byte 4, bit 4-7
+        // FOOT RIGHT = bit 40-43 = byte 5, bit 0-3
+        // FOOT LEFT = bit 44-47 = byte 5, bit 4-7
+        static const size_t buttons_p1[] = {
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P1_PANEL_UP,
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P1_PANEL_DOWN,
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P1_PANEL_LEFT,
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P1_PANEL_RIGHT,
+        };
+        static const size_t buttons_p2[] = {
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P2_PANEL_UP,
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P2_PANEL_DOWN,
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P2_PANEL_LEFT,
+                games::ddr::Buttons::P2_PANEL_RIGHT,
+        };
+
+        // decide on button map
+        const size_t *button_map = nullptr;
+        switch (node) {
+            case 17:
+            case 25:
+                button_map = &buttons_p1[0];
+                break;
+            case 18:
+            case 26:
+                button_map = &buttons_p2[0];
+                break;
+        }
+
+        *(uint64_t*)&buffer[0x18] = arkGetTickTime64();
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::ddr::get_buttons();
+
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button_map[0]))) {
+            buffer[4] |= 0xF0;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button_map[1]))) {
+            buffer[4] |= 0x0F;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button_map[2]))) {
+            buffer[5] |= 0xF0;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button_map[3]))) {
+            buffer[5] |= 0x0F;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::MDXFModule::MDXFModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("MDXF", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = (uint8_t*) &BUFFERS;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(BUFFERS);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::MDXFModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_mdxf_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_mdxf_set_output_level);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_mdxf_update_control_status_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/acio/mdxf/mdxf.h b/acio/mdxf/mdxf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf22516
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/mdxf/mdxf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class MDXFModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        MDXFModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/module.cpp b/acio/module.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4144f68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/module.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "module.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+const char *acio::hook_mode_str(acio::HookMode hook_mode) {
+    switch (hook_mode) {
+        case HookMode::INLINE:
+            return "Inline";
+        case HookMode::IAT:
+            return "IAT";
+        default:
+            return "Unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Hook functions depending on the specified mode.
+ * We don't care about errors here since different versions of libacio contain different feature sets,
+ * which means that not all hooks must/can succeed.
+ */
+void acio::ACIOModule::hook(void *func, const char *func_name) {
+    switch (this->hook_mode) {
+        case HookMode::INLINE:
+            detour::inline_hook(func, libutils::try_proc(this->module, func_name));
+            break;
+        case HookMode::IAT:
+            detour::iat_try(func_name, func);
+            break;
+        default:
+            log_warning("acio", "unable to hook using mode {}", hook_mode_str(this->hook_mode));
+    }
+}
+
+void acio::ACIOModule::attach() {
+    log_info("acio", "module attach: {} {}", this->name, hook_mode_str(this->hook_mode));
+    this->attached = true;
+}
diff --git a/acio/module.h b/acio/module.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2d35175
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/module.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+// macro for lazy typing of hooks
+#define ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(f) this->hook(reinterpret_cast<void *>(f), #f)
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    /*
+     * Hook Modes
+     * Since some versions can't handle inline hooking
+     */
+    enum class HookMode {
+        INLINE,
+        IAT
+    };
+
+    // this makes logging easier
+    const char *hook_mode_str(HookMode hook_mode);
+
+    /*
+     * The ACIO module itself
+     * Inherit this for extending our libacio implementation
+     */
+    class ACIOModule {
+    protected:
+
+        // the magic
+        void hook(void* func, const char *func_name);
+
+    public:
+
+        ACIOModule(std::string name, HMODULE module, HookMode hook_mode) :
+            name(std::move(name)),
+            module(module),
+            hook_mode(hook_mode) {};
+
+        virtual ~ACIOModule() = default;
+
+        virtual void attach();
+
+        // settings
+        std::string name;
+        HMODULE module;
+        HookMode hook_mode;
+        bool attached = false;
+
+        // buffer state (optional)
+        uint8_t *status_buffer = nullptr;
+        size_t status_buffer_size = 0;
+        bool *status_buffer_freeze = nullptr;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/nddb/nddb.cpp b/acio/nddb/nddb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b0910a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/nddb/nddb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+#include "nddb.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[4] {};
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_nddb_control_pwm(int a1, int a2) {
+    log_misc("acio::nddb", "ac_io_nddb_control_pwm({}, {})", a1, a2);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_nddb_control_solenoide(int a1, int a2) {
+    log_misc("acio::nddb", "ac_io_nddb_control_solenoide({}, {})", a1, a2);
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_nddb_create_get_status_thread() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_nddb_destroy_get_status_thread() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_nddb_get_control_status_buffer(void *buffer) {
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_nddb_req_solenoide_control(uint8_t *buffer) {
+    log_misc("acio::nddb", "ac_io_nddb_req_solenoide_control");
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_nddb_update_control_status_buffer() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::NDDBModule::NDDBModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("NDDB", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::NDDBModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_nddb_control_pwm);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_nddb_control_solenoide);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_nddb_create_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_nddb_destroy_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_nddb_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_nddb_req_solenoide_control);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_nddb_update_control_status_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/acio/nddb/nddb.h b/acio/nddb/nddb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92e18ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/nddb/nddb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class NDDBModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        NDDBModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/panb/panb.cpp b/acio/panb/panb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b499660
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/panb/panb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#include "panb.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "games/nost/io.h"
+#include "games/nost/nost.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[277];
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static long __cdecl ac_io_panb_control_led_bright(size_t index, uint8_t value) {
+
+    // nostalgia
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PAN")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::nost::get_lights();
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] {
+                games::nost::Lights::Key1R, games::nost::Lights::Key1G, games::nost::Lights::Key1B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key2R, games::nost::Lights::Key2G, games::nost::Lights::Key2B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key3R, games::nost::Lights::Key3G, games::nost::Lights::Key3B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key4R, games::nost::Lights::Key4G, games::nost::Lights::Key4B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key5R, games::nost::Lights::Key5G, games::nost::Lights::Key5B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key6R, games::nost::Lights::Key6G, games::nost::Lights::Key6B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key7R, games::nost::Lights::Key7G, games::nost::Lights::Key7B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key8R, games::nost::Lights::Key8G, games::nost::Lights::Key8B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key9R, games::nost::Lights::Key9G, games::nost::Lights::Key9B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key10R, games::nost::Lights::Key10G, games::nost::Lights::Key10B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key11R, games::nost::Lights::Key11G, games::nost::Lights::Key11B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key12R, games::nost::Lights::Key12G, games::nost::Lights::Key12B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key13R, games::nost::Lights::Key13G, games::nost::Lights::Key13B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key14R, games::nost::Lights::Key14G, games::nost::Lights::Key14B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key15R, games::nost::Lights::Key15G, games::nost::Lights::Key15B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key16R, games::nost::Lights::Key16G, games::nost::Lights::Key16B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key17R, games::nost::Lights::Key17G, games::nost::Lights::Key17B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key18R, games::nost::Lights::Key18G, games::nost::Lights::Key18B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key19R, games::nost::Lights::Key19G, games::nost::Lights::Key19B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key20R, games::nost::Lights::Key20G, games::nost::Lights::Key20B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key21R, games::nost::Lights::Key21G, games::nost::Lights::Key21B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key22R, games::nost::Lights::Key22G, games::nost::Lights::Key22B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key23R, games::nost::Lights::Key23G, games::nost::Lights::Key23B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key24R, games::nost::Lights::Key24G, games::nost::Lights::Key24B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key25R, games::nost::Lights::Key25G, games::nost::Lights::Key25B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key26R, games::nost::Lights::Key26G, games::nost::Lights::Key26B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key27R, games::nost::Lights::Key27G, games::nost::Lights::Key27B,
+                games::nost::Lights::Key28R, games::nost::Lights::Key28G, games::nost::Lights::Key28B,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        if (index < std::size(mapping)) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[index]), value / 127.f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl ac_io_panb_control_reset() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void* __cdecl ac_io_panb_get_control_status_buffer(uint8_t* buffer) {
+
+    // copy buffer
+    return memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_panb_start_auto_input() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_panb_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, 277);
+
+    /*
+     * first byte is number of input data
+     * when it's set to 0 the game will not update it's key states
+     * setting it too high will make the game read over the buffer
+     *
+     * unsure why you would send more than one set of data, so
+     * we just set it to 1 and provide our current status
+     */
+    STATUS_BUFFER[0] = 1;
+
+    // Nostalgia
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PAN")) {
+
+        // get buttons/analogs
+        auto &buttons = games::nost::get_buttons();
+        auto &analogs = games::nost::get_analogs();
+
+        // mappings
+        static const size_t button_mapping[] = {
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key1, games::nost::Buttons::Key2,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key3, games::nost::Buttons::Key4,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key5, games::nost::Buttons::Key6,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key7, games::nost::Buttons::Key8,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key9, games::nost::Buttons::Key10,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key11, games::nost::Buttons::Key12,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key13, games::nost::Buttons::Key14,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key15, games::nost::Buttons::Key16,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key17, games::nost::Buttons::Key18,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key19, games::nost::Buttons::Key20,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key21, games::nost::Buttons::Key22,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key23, games::nost::Buttons::Key24,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key25, games::nost::Buttons::Key26,
+                games::nost::Buttons::Key27, games::nost::Buttons::Key28,
+        };
+        static const size_t analog_mapping[] = {
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key1, games::nost::Analogs::Key2,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key3, games::nost::Analogs::Key4,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key5, games::nost::Analogs::Key6,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key7, games::nost::Analogs::Key8,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key9, games::nost::Analogs::Key10,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key11, games::nost::Analogs::Key12,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key13, games::nost::Analogs::Key14,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key15, games::nost::Analogs::Key16,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key17, games::nost::Analogs::Key18,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key19, games::nost::Analogs::Key20,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key21, games::nost::Analogs::Key22,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key23, games::nost::Analogs::Key24,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key25, games::nost::Analogs::Key26,
+                games::nost::Analogs::Key27, games::nost::Analogs::Key28,
+        };
+
+        // iterate pairs of keys
+        for (size_t key_pair = 0; key_pair < 28 / 2; key_pair++) {
+
+            // default states
+            uint8_t state0 = 0;
+            uint8_t state1 = 0;
+
+            // check analogs
+            auto &analog0 = analogs.at(analog_mapping[key_pair * 2 + 0]);
+            auto &analog1 = analogs.at(analog_mapping[key_pair * 2 + 1]);
+            if (analog0.isSet()) {
+                state0 = (uint8_t) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog0) * 15.999f);
+            }
+            if (analog1.isSet()) {
+                state1 = (uint8_t) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog1) * 15.999f);
+            }
+
+            // check buttons
+            auto velocity0 = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button_mapping[key_pair * 2 + 0]));
+            auto velocity1 = Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button_mapping[key_pair * 2 + 1]));
+            if (velocity0 > 0.f) {
+                state0 = (uint8_t) (velocity0 * 15.999f);
+            }
+            if (velocity1 > 0.f) {
+                state1 = (uint8_t) (velocity1 * 15.999f);
+            }
+
+            // build value
+            uint8_t value = 0;
+            value |= state0 << 4;
+            value |= state1 & 0xF;
+
+            // set value
+            STATUS_BUFFER[key_pair + 3] = value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::PANBModule::PANBModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("PANB", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::PANBModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_panb_control_led_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_panb_control_reset);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_panb_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_panb_start_auto_input);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_panb_update_control_status_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/acio/panb/panb.h b/acio/panb/panb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebbc067
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/panb/panb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class PANBModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        PANBModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/pix/pix.cpp b/acio/pix/pix.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..511f716
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/pix/pix.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+#include "pix.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "games/museca/io.h"
+#include "games/bbc/io.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// static stuff
+static int ACIO_PIX_WARMUP = 0;
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[60];
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_begin(char a1, long long a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_begin_get_status(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_end(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_end_get_status(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_get_firmware_update_device_index(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_get_node_no(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_pix_get_recv_log(long long a1, void *a2, int a3) {
+    return a2;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_pix_get_rs232c_status(void *a1, int a2) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_pix_get_send_log(long long a1, void *a2, int a3) {
+    return a2;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_get_version(void *a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static const char *__cdecl ac_io_pix_get_version_string() {
+    static const char *version = "1.25.0";
+    return version;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_go_firmware_update(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_is_active(int a1, int a2) {
+    return (char) (++ACIO_PIX_WARMUP > 601 ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_is_active2(int a1, int *a2, int a3) {
+    ACIO_PIX_WARMUP = 601;
+    *a2 = 6;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_is_active_device(int a1, int a2) {
+    return (char) (a1 != 5);
+}
+
+static long long __cdecl ac_io_pix_reset(int a1) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_change_expand_mode(char a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static long long __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_control_led_bright(uint32_t led_field, uint8_t brightness) {
+
+    // MUSECA
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PIX")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::museca::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        static int mapping[] = {
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner1R,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner1G,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner1B,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner2R,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner2G,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner2B,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner3R,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner3G,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner3B,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner4R,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner4G,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner4B,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner5R,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner5G,
+                games::museca::Lights::Spinner5B,
+                games::museca::Lights::TitleR,
+                games::museca::Lights::TitleG,
+                games::museca::Lights::TitleB
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness > 127.f ? 1.f : brightness / 127.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (mapping[i] >= 0 && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at((size_t) mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // BISHI BASHI CHANNEL
+    if (avs::game::is_model("R66")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::bbc::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        static int mapping[] = {
+                games::bbc::Lights::P1_DISC_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P1_DISC_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P1_DISC_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P3_DISC_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P3_DISC_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P3_DISC_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P2_DISC_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P2_DISC_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P2_DISC_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P4_DISC_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P4_DISC_G,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P4_DISC_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P1_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P1_B,
+                -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P2_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P2_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P3_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P3_B,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P4_R,
+                games::bbc::Lights::P4_B,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        float value = brightness / 255.f;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            if (mapping[i] >= 0 && led_field & (1 << i)) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at((size_t) mapping[i]), value);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static long long __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_control_reset() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_create_get_status_thread() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static long long __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_destroy_get_status_thread() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_get_control_status_buffer(void *a1) {
+
+    // copy buffer
+    return memcpy(a1, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_get_watchdog_status() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static short __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_get_watchdog_time_min() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static short __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_get_watchdog_time_now() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_modify_auto_input_get(long long a1, long long a2) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_req_get_control_status(DWORD *a1) {
+    *a1 = 1;
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_req_volume_control(char a1, char a2, char a3, char a4) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_req_volume_control_isfinished(DWORD *a1) {
+    *a1 = 5;
+    return true;
+}
+
+static long long __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval(long long a1) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_set_watchdog_time(short a1) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+
+    // MUSECA
+    if (avs::game::is_model("PIX")) {
+
+        // get input
+        auto &buttons = games::museca::get_buttons();
+
+        // get slowdown status
+        bool slowdown = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::AnalogSlowdown));
+
+        // update disk buttons
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk1Press)))
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 107);
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk2Press)))
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 104);
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk3Press)))
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 123);
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk4Press)))
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 42);
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk5Press)))
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 44);
+
+        // foot pedal (inverted)
+        if (!Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::FootPedal)))
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 43);
+
+        // update analogs
+        static uint8_t analogs[5] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk1Minus))) {
+            analogs[0] -= slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk1Plus))) {
+            analogs[0] += slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk2Minus))) {
+            analogs[1] -= slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk2Plus))) {
+            analogs[1] += slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk3Minus))) {
+            analogs[2] -= slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk3Plus))) {
+            analogs[2] += slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk4Minus))) {
+            analogs[3] -= slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk4Plus))) {
+            analogs[3] += slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk5Minus))) {
+            analogs[4] -= slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::museca::Buttons::Disk5Plus))) {
+            analogs[4] += slowdown ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+
+        // raw input analogs
+        auto &analog_list = games::museca::get_analogs();
+        size_t analog_mapping[] = {
+                games::museca::Analogs::Disk1,
+                games::museca::Analogs::Disk2,
+                games::museca::Analogs::Disk3,
+                games::museca::Analogs::Disk4,
+                games::museca::Analogs::Disk5,
+        };
+        uint8_t set_values[5];
+        std::copy(std::begin(analogs), std::end(analogs), std::begin(set_values));
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            auto &analog_item = analog_list.at(analog_mapping[i]);
+            if (analog_item.isSet()) {
+                set_values[i] = analogs[i] + (uint8_t) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog_item) * 255.99f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // set analogs
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+            STATUS_BUFFER[20 + i] = set_values[i];
+    }
+
+    // BISHI BASHI CHANNEL
+    if (avs::game::is_model("R66")) {
+
+        // get input
+        auto &buttons = games::bbc::get_buttons();
+        auto &analogs = games::bbc::get_analogs();
+
+        // get slowdown status
+        bool slowdown1 = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P1_DiskSlowdown));
+        bool slowdown2 = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P2_DiskSlowdown));
+        bool slowdown3 = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P3_DiskSlowdown));
+        bool slowdown4 = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P4_DiskSlowdown));
+
+        // update buttons
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P1_R)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 44);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P1_G)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 107);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P1_B)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 41);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P2_R)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 39);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P2_G)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 123);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P2_B)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 55);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P3_R)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 71);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P3_G)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 104);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P3_B)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 87);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P4_R)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 103);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P4_G)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 42);
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P4_B)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+            ARRAY_SETB(STATUS_BUFFER, 119);
+        }
+
+        // update analogs
+        static uint8_t analog_states[4] = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P1_DiskMinus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[0] -= slowdown1 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P1_DiskPlus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[0] += slowdown1 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P2_DiskMinus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[1] -= slowdown2 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P2_DiskPlus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[1] += slowdown2 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P3_DiskMinus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[2] -= slowdown3 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P3_DiskPlus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[2] += slowdown3 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P4_DiskMinus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[3] -= slowdown4 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::bbc::Buttons::P4_DiskPlus)) == Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            analog_states[3] += slowdown4 ? 3 : 12;
+        }
+
+        // raw input analogs
+        uint8_t set_values[4];
+        size_t analog_mappings[] = {
+                games::bbc::Analogs::P1_Disk,
+                games::bbc::Analogs::P2_Disk,
+                games::bbc::Analogs::P3_Disk,
+                games::bbc::Analogs::P4_Disk,
+        };
+        std::copy(std::begin(analog_states), std::end(analog_states), std::begin(set_values));
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            auto &analog_item = analogs.at(analog_mappings[i]);
+            if (analog_item.isSet()) {
+                set_values[i] = analog_states[i] + (uint8_t) (Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog_item) * 255.99f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // flip disk 2/3
+        set_values[1] ^= set_values[2];
+        set_values[2] ^= set_values[1];
+        set_values[1] ^= set_values[2];
+
+        // set analogs
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[20 + i] = set_values[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_pix_rvol_watchdog_off() {
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_pix_secplug_set_encodedpasswd(void *a1, unsigned int a2) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_pix_set_get_status_device(void *a1, int a2) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl ac_io_pix_set_soft_watch_dog(void *a1, int a2) {
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_soft_watch_dog_off(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_soft_watch_dog_on(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static char __cdecl ac_io_pix_update(long long a1) {
+
+    // flush outputs
+    RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static const char* __cdecl ac_io_pix_version() {
+    static const char *version = "Version: 1.25.0\nBuild Date: Sep 20 2016 15:16:13\nBuild Host: DEMETER\n";
+    return version;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::PIXModule::PIXModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("PIX", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::PIXModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_begin);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_begin_get_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_end);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_end_get_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_get_firmware_update_device_index);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_get_node_no);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_get_recv_log);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_get_rs232c_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_get_send_log);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_get_version);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_get_version_string);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_go_firmware_update);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_is_active);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_is_active2);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_is_active_device);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_reset);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_change_expand_mode);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_control_led_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_control_reset);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_create_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_destroy_get_status_thread);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_get_watchdog_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_get_watchdog_time_min);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_get_watchdog_time_now);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_modify_auto_input_get);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_req_get_control_status);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_req_volume_control);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_req_volume_control_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_set_framing_err_packet_send_interval);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_set_watchdog_time);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_rvol_watchdog_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_secplug_set_encodedpasswd);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_set_get_status_device);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_set_soft_watch_dog);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_soft_watch_dog_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_soft_watch_dog_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_update);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pix_version);
+}
diff --git a/acio/pix/pix.h b/acio/pix/pix.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f547ed5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/pix/pix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class PIXModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        PIXModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/pjec/pjec.cpp b/acio/pjec/pjec.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12c0ffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/pjec/pjec.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+#include "pjec.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/we/io.h"
+
+//using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[72];
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjec_get_ps2() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl ac_io_pjec_get_control_status_buffer(uint8_t *buffer) {
+    memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjec_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+
+    // Winning Eleven
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "KCK", "NCK" })) {
+        auto &buttons = games::we::get_buttons();
+        auto &analogs = games::we::get_analogs();
+
+        /*
+         * Device Types
+         * 0x00 - Unknown Device
+         * 0x01 - Mouse
+         * 0x02 - Rotate Controller
+         * 0x03 - Gun Controller K
+         * 0x04 - Digital Controller       <- Accepted
+         * 0x05 - Analog Joystick
+         * 0x06 - Gun Controller N
+         * 0x07 - Analog Controller        <- Accepted
+         * 0x08 - USB Analog Controller
+         */
+
+        // set device type
+        STATUS_BUFFER[0] = 0x07;
+
+        // set device present
+        STATUS_BUFFER[2] = 0x5A;
+
+        // reset analogs to center
+        STATUS_BUFFER[8] = 0x7F;
+        STATUS_BUFFER[9] = 0x7F;
+        STATUS_BUFFER[10] = 0x7F;
+        STATUS_BUFFER[11] = 0x7F;
+
+        // apply analogs
+        if (analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickLeftX].isSet()) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[8] = (uint8_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                    analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickLeftX]) * 255.9999f);
+        }
+        if (analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickLeftY].isSet()) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[9] = (uint8_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                    analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickLeftY]) * 255.9999f);
+        }
+        if (analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickRightX].isSet()) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[10] = (uint8_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                    analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickRightX]) * 255.9999f);
+        }
+        if (analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickRightY].isSet()) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[11] = (uint8_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR,
+                    analogs[games::we::Analogs::PadStickRightY]) * 255.9999f);
+        }
+
+        // apply buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadStart])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x08;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadSelect])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x01;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadUp])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadDown])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x40;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadLeft])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x80;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadRight])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadTriangle])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadCross])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x40;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadSquare])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x80;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadCircle])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadL1])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x04;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadL2])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x01;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadL3])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x02;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadR1])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x08;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadR2])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[5] |= 0x02;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::PadR3])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x04;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+
+acio::PJECModule::PJECModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("PJEC", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::PJECModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjec_get_ps2);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjec_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjec_update_control_status_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/acio/pjec/pjec.h b/acio/pjec/pjec.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78e38a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/pjec/pjec.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class PJECModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        PJECModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio/pjei/pjei.cpp b/acio/pjei/pjei.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..101380a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/pjei/pjei.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#include "pjei.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/we/io.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+//using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// static stuff
+static uint8_t STATUS_BUFFER[40];
+static bool STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE = false;
+
+/*
+ * Implementations
+ */
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_current_coinstock(int a1, uint32_t *coinstock) {
+    *coinstock = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_consume_coinstock(int a1, uint32_t amount) {
+    return eamuse_coin_consume(amount);
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_get_softwareid(char *dst) {
+    static char DATA[] = "0140FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF";
+    memcpy(dst, DATA, sizeof(DATA));
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_get_systemid(char *dst) {
+    static char DATA[] = "0140FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF";
+    memcpy(dst, DATA, sizeof(DATA));
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_update_control_status_buffer() {
+
+    // check freeze
+    if (STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(STATUS_BUFFER, 0, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+
+    // Winning Eleven
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "KCK", "NCK" })) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::we::get_buttons();
+
+        // apply buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::Service])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[16] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::Test])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[16] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::CoinMech])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[16] |= 0x04;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::Start])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x80;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::Up])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x40;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::Down])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::Left])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x10;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::Right])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x08;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::ButtonA])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x04;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::ButtonB])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x02;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::ButtonC])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[4] |= 0x01;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::ButtonD])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[6] |= 0x80;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::ButtonE])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[6] |= 0x40;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::we::Buttons::ButtonF])) {
+            STATUS_BUFFER[6] |= 0x20;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ac_io_pjei_get_control_status_buffer(uint8_t *buffer) {
+    memcpy(buffer, STATUS_BUFFER, sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER));
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_check() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_check_isfinished() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_missing_check() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_lock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_unlock_coincounter(int a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_control_coin_blocker_on(bool a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(true);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_control_coin_blocker_off(bool a1) {
+    eamuse_coin_set_block(false);
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Helper method for easily setting the light values
+ */
+static void ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_set(uint8_t lamp_bits, uint8_t brightness) {
+    auto &lights = games::we::get_lights();
+    float value = CLAMP(brightness / 31.f, 0.f, 1.f);
+    if (lamp_bits & 0x20) {
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::we::Lights::LeftRed], value);
+    }
+    if (lamp_bits & 0x10) {
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::we::Lights::LeftGreen], value);
+    }
+    if (lamp_bits & 0x08) {
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::we::Lights::LeftBlue], value);
+    }
+    if (lamp_bits & 0x04) {
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::we::Lights::RightRed], value);
+    }
+    if (lamp_bits & 0x02) {
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::we::Lights::RightGreen], value);
+    }
+    if (lamp_bits & 0x01) {
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::we::Lights::RightBlue], value);
+    }
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_on(uint8_t lamp_bits) {
+    ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_set(lamp_bits, 31);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_off(uint8_t lamp_bits) {
+    ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_set(lamp_bits, 0);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_bright(uint8_t lamp_bit, uint8_t brightness) {
+    ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_set(lamp_bit, brightness);
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_mode(int mode) {
+    // mode -> [0,1] (0 is static, 1 is brightness?)
+    return true;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Module stuff
+ */
+acio::PJEIModule::PJEIModule(HMODULE module, acio::HookMode hookMode) : ACIOModule("PJEI", module, hookMode) {
+    this->status_buffer = STATUS_BUFFER;
+    this->status_buffer_size = sizeof(STATUS_BUFFER);
+    this->status_buffer_freeze = &STATUS_BUFFER_FREEZE;
+}
+
+void acio::PJEIModule::attach() {
+    ACIOModule::attach();
+
+    // hooks
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_current_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_consume_coinstock);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_get_softwareid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_get_systemid);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_update_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_get_control_status_buffer);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_check);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_missing_check);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_req_secplug_missing_check_isfinished);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_lock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_unlock_coincounter);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_control_coin_blocker_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_control_coin_blocker_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_on);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_off);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_bright);
+    ACIO_MODULE_HOOK(ac_io_pjei_control_lamp_mode);
+}
diff --git a/acio/pjei/pjei.h b/acio/pjei/pjei.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e14787d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio/pjei/pjei.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "../module.h"
+
+namespace acio {
+
+    class PJEIModule : public ACIOModule {
+    public:
+        PJEIModule(HMODULE module, HookMode hookMode);
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.cpp b/acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd287f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "bi2x.h"
+
+namespace acio2emu::firmware {
+    bool BI2XNode::handle_packet(const acio2emu::Packet &in, std::vector<uint8_t> &out) {
+        auto cur = in.payload.begin();
+        while ((cur + 1) < in.payload.end()) {
+            auto cmd = (cur[0] << 8) | cur[1];
+            out.push_back(*cur++);
+            out.push_back(*cur++);
+            out.push_back(0);
+
+            switch (cmd) {
+            case 2: // query firmware version
+                read_firmware_version(out);
+                cur = in.payload.end();
+                break;
+            
+            case 16:
+                out.push_back(2);
+                cur = in.payload.end();
+                break;
+
+            case 800:
+            case 802:
+            case 19:
+                cur = in.payload.end();
+                break;
+
+            case 120:
+                out.push_back(3);
+                cur = in.payload.end();
+                break;
+
+            case 801:
+                out.push_back(33);
+                out.push_back(0);
+                cur = in.payload.end();
+                break;
+
+            case 784: // poll input
+                if (!read_input(out)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case 785: { // write output
+                auto count = write_output(std::span{&*cur, static_cast<size_t>(in.payload.end() - cur)});
+                if (count < 0) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                cur += count;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case 786:
+                cur += 4;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                log_warning("bi2x", "unknown command: {}", cmd);
+                return false;
+            }
+        } 
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.h b/acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bd589d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <span>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "acio2emu/node.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace acio2emu::firmware {
+    class BI2XNode : public Node {
+        virtual void read_firmware_version(std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer) = 0;
+
+        virtual bool read_input(std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer) = 0;
+        virtual int write_output(std::span<const uint8_t> buffer) = 0;
+
+        /*
+         * acio2emu::Node
+         */
+        bool handle_packet(const acio2emu::Packet &in, std::vector<uint8_t> &out) override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/handle.cpp b/acio2emu/handle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e6a86e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/handle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include "handle.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h" // ws2s
+
+namespace acio2emu {
+    class MasterNode : public Node {
+    private:
+        const IOBHandle *iob_;
+
+    public:
+        MasterNode(const IOBHandle *iob) : iob_(iob) { }
+
+        bool handle_packet(const Packet &in, std::vector<uint8_t> &out) {
+            // were we sent a command?
+            if (in.payload.size() >= 2) {
+                if (in.payload[0] != 0 || in.payload[1] != 1) {
+                    // unknown command
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // assign node ids
+                out.push_back(0);
+                out.push_back(1);
+                for (int i = 0; i < iob_->number_of_nodes(); i++) {
+                    out.push_back(i * 16);
+                }
+            }
+        
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    IOBHandle::IOBHandle(std::wstring device) : device_(device) { 
+        nodes_[0] = std::make_unique<MasterNode>(this); 
+    }
+
+    bool IOBHandle::register_node(std::unique_ptr<Node> node) {
+        if ((number_of_nodes_ - 1) >= 16) {
+            // too many nodes
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        nodes_[number_of_nodes_++] = std::move(node);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    int IOBHandle::number_of_nodes() const {
+        // don't include the master node
+        return number_of_nodes_ - 1;
+    }
+
+    void IOBHandle::forward_packet_(const Packet &packet) {
+        // clear the output queue
+        output_ = {};
+
+        auto node = packet.node / 2;
+        if (node >= number_of_nodes_) {
+            log_warning("acio2emu", "cannot forward packet: node out of range: {} >= {}", node, number_of_nodes_);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // forward the packet to the node
+        std::vector<uint8_t> payload;
+        if (!nodes_[node]->handle_packet(packet, payload)) {
+            // error in handler
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // encode the response
+        encode_packet(output_, node, packet.tag, payload);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * CustomHandle
+     */
+
+    bool IOBHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+        if (device_ != lpFileName) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        log_info("acio2emu", "Opened {} (ACIO2)", ws2s(device_));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool IOBHandle::close() {
+        log_info("acio2emu", "Closed {} (ACIO2)", ws2s(device_));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    int IOBHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+        DWORD i = 0;
+
+        while (!output_.empty() && i < nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+            buffer[i++] = output_.front();
+            output_.pop();
+        }
+
+        return i;
+    }
+
+    int IOBHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+        auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+        for (DWORD i = 0; i < nNumberOfBytesToWrite; i++) {
+            if (decoder_.update(buffer[i])) {
+                // forward the packet to a node
+                forward_packet_(decoder_.packet());
+            }
+        }
+
+        return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+    }
+
+    int IOBHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/handle.h b/acio2emu/handle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5939d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/handle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <array>
+#include <queue>
+#include <memory> // std::unique_ptr
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "acio2emu/packet.h"
+#include "acio2emu/node.h"
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace acio2emu {
+    class IOBHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        std::wstring device_;
+
+        std::array<std::unique_ptr<Node>, 17> nodes_;
+        // the first node is reserved for the "master" node
+        int number_of_nodes_ = 1;
+
+        PacketDecoder decoder_;
+        std::queue<uint8_t> output_;
+
+        void forward_packet_(const Packet &packet);
+
+    public:
+        IOBHandle(std::wstring device);
+
+        bool register_node(std::unique_ptr<Node> node);
+        int number_of_nodes() const;
+
+        /*
+         * CustomHandle
+         */
+
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/internal/crc.h b/acio2emu/internal/crc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a35c647
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/internal/crc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace acio2emu::detail {
+    inline uint8_t crc4_lgp_c(uint8_t crc, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+        static constexpr uint8_t tbl[] = { 
+            0x00, 0x0D, 0x03, 0x0E, 
+            0x06, 0x0B, 0x05, 0x08,
+            0x0C, 0x01, 0x0F, 0x02,
+            0x0A, 0x07, 0x09, 0x04,
+        };
+
+        crc &= 15;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            auto b = data[i];
+            crc = (((crc >> 4) ^ (tbl[(b ^ crc) & 0x0F])) >> 4) ^ tbl[(((crc >> 4) ^ (tbl[(b ^ crc) & 0x0F])) ^ (b >> 4)) & 0x0F];
+        }
+
+        return crc;
+    }
+
+    inline uint8_t crc7_lgp_48(uint8_t crc, const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+        static constexpr uint8_t tbl[] = { 
+            0x00, 0x09, 0x12, 0x1B, 
+            0x24, 0x2D, 0x36, 0x3F, 
+            0x48, 0x41, 0x5A, 0x53, 
+            0x6C, 0x65, 0x7E, 0x77 
+        };
+
+        crc &= 127;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            auto b = data[i];
+            crc = (((crc >> 4) ^ (tbl[(b ^ crc) & 0x0F])) >> 4) ^ tbl[(((crc >> 4) ^ (tbl[(b ^ crc) & 0x0F])) ^ (b >> 4)) & 0x0F];
+        }
+
+        return crc;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/internal/lz.h b/acio2emu/internal/lz.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85f2f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/internal/lz.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <queue>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace acio2emu::detail {
+    class InflateTransformer {
+    private:
+        std::queue<uint8_t> output_;
+
+        uint8_t flags_ = 0, flag_shift_ = 0;
+
+        uint8_t window_[85] = {};
+        int window_offset_  = 81;
+
+        enum class inflateStep {
+            readFlags,
+            processFlags,
+            copyStored,
+            copyFromWindow,
+        } step_ = inflateStep::readFlags;
+
+        void window_put_(uint8_t b) {
+            window_[window_offset_++] = b;
+            window_offset_ %= sizeof(window_);
+        }
+
+        uint8_t window_get_(int offset) {
+            return window_[offset % sizeof(window_)];
+        }
+
+    public:
+        void put(uint8_t b) {
+            auto consumed = false;
+
+            while (true) {
+                switch (step_) {
+                case inflateStep::readFlags:
+                    if (consumed) {
+                        // need more data
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    consumed = true;
+
+                    flags_ = b;
+                    flag_shift_ = 0;
+
+                    step_ = inflateStep::processFlags;
+                    break;
+
+                case inflateStep::processFlags:
+                    // have we processed every flag?
+                    if (flag_shift_ > 6) {
+                        step_ = inflateStep::readFlags;
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (flags_ & (1 << flag_shift_)) {
+                        flag_shift_++;
+
+                        if (flags_ & (1 << flag_shift_)) {
+                            // emit 0xAA when both bits are set
+                            output_.push(0xAA);
+                        }
+                    else {
+                        // copy from the window when only the lower bit is set
+                        step_ = inflateStep::copyFromWindow;
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    step_ = inflateStep::copyStored;
+                }
+                flag_shift_++;
+
+                break;
+
+                case inflateStep::copyFromWindow: {
+                    if (consumed) {
+                        // need more data
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    consumed = true;
+
+                    // determine the match size, default is 2-bytes
+                    auto offset = b;
+                    auto size = 2;
+
+                    if (offset >= 0xAA) {
+                        // 4-byte match
+                        size = 4;
+                        offset -= 0xAB;
+                    }
+                    else if (offset >= 0x55) {
+                        // 3-byte match
+                        size = 3;
+                        offset -= 0x55;
+                    }
+
+                    for (auto i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
+                        auto cur = window_get_(offset + i);
+
+                        window_put_(cur);
+                        output_.push(cur);
+                    }
+
+                    // continue processing flags
+                    step_ = inflateStep::processFlags;  
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                case inflateStep::copyStored:
+                    if (consumed) {
+                        // need more data
+                        return;
+                    }
+                    consumed = true;
+
+                    window_put_(b);
+                    output_.push(b);
+
+                    // continue processing flags
+                    step_ = inflateStep::processFlags;  
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        int get() {
+            if (output_.empty()) {
+                // output queue is empty
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            auto b = output_.front();
+            output_.pop();
+
+            return b;
+        }
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/node.h b/acio2emu/node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3acefe7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "acio2emu/packet.h"
+
+namespace acio2emu {
+    class Node {
+    public:
+        virtual ~Node() {}
+
+        virtual bool handle_packet(const Packet &in, std::vector<uint8_t> &out) = 0;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/packet.cpp b/acio2emu/packet.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9af536
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/packet.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+#include "packet.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "acio2emu/internal/crc.h"
+
+namespace acio2emu {
+    static constexpr uint8_t SOF = 0xAA;
+    static constexpr uint8_t ESC = 0xFF;
+
+    static void encode_payload_(std::queue<uint8_t> &out, const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
+        for (auto b : payload) {
+            if (b == SOF || b == ESC) {
+                out.push(ESC);
+                b = ~b;
+            }
+            out.push(b); 
+        }
+        // compute and write the payload's CRC
+        out.push(detail::crc7_lgp_48(0x7F, payload.data(), payload.size()) ^ 0x7F);
+    }
+
+    bool encode_packet(std::queue<uint8_t> &out, uint8_t node, uint8_t tag, const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload) {
+        auto size = payload.size();
+        if (size > 127) {
+            log_warning("acio2emu", "cannot encode packet: payload too large: {} > 127", payload.size());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // build the header
+        uint8_t header[5] = {
+            SOF,
+            static_cast<uint8_t>(node * 3),
+            tag,
+            static_cast<uint8_t>(size),
+            0,
+        };
+        // compute the header's CRC
+        header[4] = detail::crc4_lgp_c(0x0F, &header[1], sizeof(header) - 1) ^ 0x0F;
+        // push the header to the output queue
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(header); i++) {
+            out.push(header[i]);
+        }
+
+        encode_payload_(out, payload);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void PacketDecoder::set_step_(readStep s) {
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+    auto valid = true;
+    switch (s) {
+        case readStep::idle:
+        case readStep::readNode:
+            // transition from any step/state allowed
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readTag:
+            if (step_ != readStep::readNode) {
+                valid = false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readPayloadSize:
+            if (step_ != readStep::readTag) {
+                valid = false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readPayloadFlags:
+            if (step_ != readStep::readPayloadSize) {
+                valid = false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readReplacementByte:
+            if (step_ != readStep::readPayloadFlags) {
+                valid = false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readPayload:
+            if (step_ != readStep::readPayloadFlags && 
+                step_ != readStep::readReplacementByte &&
+                step_ != readStep::readEscaped
+            ) {
+                valid = false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readEscaped:
+            if (step_ != readStep::readPayload) {
+                valid = false;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            log_fatal("acio2emu", "cannot set step: unknown value: {}", s);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if (!valid) {
+            log_fatal("acio2emu", "illegal transition detected: {} -> {}", step_, s);
+        }
+#endif
+        step_ = s;
+    }
+
+    int PacketDecoder::update_payload_size_(uint8_t b) {
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+            payload_size_ = (payload_size_ << 7) | (b & 0x7F);
+            // finished
+            return 0;
+        }
+        else if ((b & 0x40) != 0 && payload_size_count_ < 5) {
+            payload_size_count_++;
+            payload_size_count_ = (payload_size_count_ << 6) | (b & 0x3F);
+            // continuation required
+            return 1;
+        }
+        else {
+            // invalid value or invalid state
+            return -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint8_t PacketDecoder::deobfuscate_(uint8_t b) {
+        if ((b ^ 0xAA) == 0) {
+            return b;
+        }
+
+        auto mask = 0x55;
+        if ((b & 0x80) == 0) {
+            mask = 0x7F;
+        }
+
+        return (b ^ lcg_()) & mask;
+    }
+
+    void PacketDecoder::reset_(readStep s) {
+        set_step_(s);
+        packet_ = {};
+        payload_size_ = 0;
+        payload_size_count_ = 0;
+    }
+
+    bool PacketDecoder::update(uint8_t b) {
+        // is this the start of a packet?
+        if (b == SOF) {
+            reset_(readStep::readNode);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        switch (step_) {
+        case readStep::readNode:
+            packet_.node = b;
+
+            set_step_(readStep::readTag);
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readTag:
+            packet_.tag = b;
+
+            set_step_(readStep::readPayloadSize);
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readPayloadSize: {
+            auto status = update_payload_size_(b);
+            if (status == 0) {
+                // finished reading payload size
+                packet_.payload.reserve(payload_size_);
+                set_step_(readStep::readPayloadFlags);
+            }  
+            else if (status == -1) {
+                // reset on error
+                reset_(readStep::idle);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case readStep::readPayloadFlags:
+            obfuscated_ = (b & (1 << 4)) != 0;
+            encoding_ = static_cast<payloadEncoding>(b >> 5);
+        
+            if (obfuscated_) {
+                lcg_.seed(packet_.tag ^ 0x55);
+            }
+
+            if (encoding_ == payloadEncoding::replace) {
+                set_step_(readStep::readReplacementByte);
+            }
+            else {
+                set_step_(readStep::readPayload);
+
+                if (encoding_ == payloadEncoding::lz) {
+                    // reset the InflateTransformer
+                    inflate_ = {};
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readReplacementByte:
+            substitute_ = b;
+
+            set_step_(readStep::readPayload);
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readPayload:
+            // do we need to deobfuscate?
+            if (obfuscated_) {
+                b = deobfuscate_(b);
+            }
+
+            if (encoding_ == payloadEncoding::lz) {
+                inflate_.put(b);
+                for (int i = inflate_.get(); i >= 0; i = inflate_.get()) {
+                    packet_.payload.push_back(i);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (encoding_ == payloadEncoding::replace && b == substitute_) {
+                packet_.payload.push_back(SOF);
+            }
+            else if (encoding_ == payloadEncoding::byteStuffing && b == ESC) {
+                set_step_(readStep::readEscaped);
+                break;
+            }
+            else {
+                packet_.payload.push_back(b);
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case readStep::readEscaped:
+            b = ~b;
+            if (obfuscated_) {
+                b = deobfuscate_(b);
+            }
+            packet_.payload.push_back(b);
+
+            set_step_(readStep::readPayload);
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+        }
+
+        if ((step_ == readStep::readPayload || step_ == readStep::readPayloadFlags) && 
+            (packet_.payload.size() >= payload_size_)) {
+            set_step_(readStep::idle);
+            // finished reading packet
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const Packet &PacketDecoder::packet() {
+        return packet_;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acio2emu/packet.h b/acio2emu/packet.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecefc94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acio2emu/packet.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <queue>
+#include <random> // std::linear_congruential_engine
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "acio2emu/internal/lz.h"
+
+namespace acio2emu {
+    struct Packet {
+        uint8_t node;
+        uint8_t tag;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> payload;
+    };
+
+    class PacketDecoder {
+    private:
+        Packet packet_ = {};
+
+        // order matters, don't change this enum!
+        enum payloadEncoding {
+            byteStuffing,
+            raw,
+            unknown,
+            replace,
+            lz,
+        } encoding_;
+
+        uint32_t payload_size_ = 0, payload_size_count_ = 0;
+
+        // payloadEncoding::replace state
+        uint8_t substitute_; 
+
+        // payloadEncoding::lz state
+        detail::InflateTransformer inflate_;
+
+        // deobfuscation state
+        bool obfuscated_;
+        std::linear_congruential_engine<uint32_t, 1103515245, 12345, 0> lcg_; 
+
+        enum class readStep {
+            idle,
+            readNode,
+            readTag,
+            readPayloadSize,
+            readPayloadFlags,
+            readReplacementByte,
+            readPayload,
+            readEscaped,
+        } step_ = readStep::idle;
+
+        void set_step_(readStep s);
+        void reset_(readStep s);
+
+        int update_payload_size_(uint8_t b);
+        uint8_t deobfuscate_(uint8_t b);
+
+    public:
+        bool update(uint8_t b);
+        const Packet &packet();
+    };
+
+    bool encode_packet(std::queue<uint8_t> &out, uint8_t node, uint8_t tag, const std::vector<uint8_t> &payload);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/acioemu/acioemu.cpp b/acioemu/acioemu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..658cbc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/acioemu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#include "acioemu.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+ACIOEmu::ACIOEmu() {
+    this->devices = new std::vector<ACIODeviceEmu *>();
+    this->response_buffer = new circular_buffer<uint8_t>(4096);
+    this->read_buffer = new circular_buffer<uint8_t>(1024);
+}
+
+ACIOEmu::~ACIOEmu() {
+
+    // delete devices
+    for (auto device : *this->devices) {
+        delete device;
+    }
+    delete this->devices;
+
+    // delete buffers
+    delete this->response_buffer;
+    delete this->read_buffer;
+}
+
+void ACIOEmu::add_device(ACIODeviceEmu *device) {
+    this->devices->push_back(device);
+}
+
+void ACIOEmu::write(uint8_t byte) {
+
+    // insert into buffer
+    if (!invert) {
+        if (byte == ACIO_ESCAPE) {
+            invert = true;
+        } else {
+            this->read_buffer->put(byte);
+        }
+    } else {
+        byte = ~byte;
+        invert = false;
+        this->read_buffer->put(byte);
+    }
+
+    // clean garbage
+    while (!this->read_buffer->empty() && this->read_buffer->peek() != 0xAA) {
+        this->read_buffer->get();
+    }
+    while (this->read_buffer->size() > 1 && this->read_buffer->peek(1) == 0xAA) {
+        this->read_buffer->get();
+    }
+
+    // handshake counter
+    static unsigned int handshake_counter = 0;
+    if (byte == 0xAA) {
+        handshake_counter++;
+    } else {
+        handshake_counter = 0;
+    }
+
+    // check for handshake
+    if (handshake_counter > 1) {
+
+        /*
+         * small hack - BIO2 seems to expect more bytes here - sending two bytes each time fixes it
+         * TODO replace this handshake code with something better
+         */
+        this->response_buffer->put(ACIO_SOF);
+        this->response_buffer->put(ACIO_SOF);
+        handshake_counter--;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // parse
+    if (!this->read_buffer->empty() && this->read_buffer->size() >= 6) {
+        bool is_complete = false;
+
+        // check if broadcast
+        if (this->read_buffer->peek(1) == ACIO_BROADCAST) {
+
+            // check msg data size
+            auto data_size = this->read_buffer->peek(2);
+
+            // check if msg is complete (SOF + checksum + broadcast header + data_size)
+            is_complete = this->read_buffer->size() >= 2u + 2u + data_size;
+        } else {
+
+            // check msg data size
+            auto data_size = this->read_buffer->peek(5);
+
+            // check if msg is complete (SOF + checksum + command header + data_size)
+            is_complete = this->read_buffer->size() >= 2u + MSG_HEADER_SIZE + data_size;
+        }
+
+        // parse message if complete
+        if (is_complete) {
+            this->msg_parse();
+            this->read_buffer->reset();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+std::optional<uint8_t> ACIOEmu::read() {
+    if (this->response_buffer->empty()) {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+
+    return this->response_buffer->get();
+}
+
+size_t ACIOEmu::bytes_available() {
+    return this->response_buffer->size();
+}
+
+void ACIOEmu::msg_parse() {
+
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+    log_info("acioemu", "MSG RECV: {}", bin2hex(*this->read_buffer));
+#endif
+
+    // calculate checksum
+    uint8_t chk = 0;
+    size_t max = this->read_buffer->size() - 1;
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < max; i++) {
+        chk += this->read_buffer->peek(i);
+    }
+
+    // check checksum
+    uint8_t chk_receive = this->read_buffer->peek(this->read_buffer->size() - 1);
+    if (chk != chk_receive) {
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+        log_info("acioemu", "detected wrong checksum: {}/{}", chk, chk_receive);
+#endif
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // get message data
+    auto msg_data = this->read_buffer->peek_all();
+    auto msg_in = (MessageData *) &msg_data[1];
+
+    // correct cmd code endianness if this is not a broadcast
+    if (msg_in->addr != ACIO_BROADCAST) {
+        msg_in->cmd.code = acio_u16(msg_in->cmd.code);
+    }
+
+    // pass to applicable device
+    uint8_t node_offset = 0;
+    for (auto device : *this->devices) {
+        if (device->is_applicable(node_offset, msg_in->addr)) {
+            auto cur_offset = msg_in->addr - node_offset - 1;
+            if (cur_offset < 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (device->parse_msg(msg_in, this->response_buffer)) {
+                return;
+            } else {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        node_offset += device->node_count;
+    }
+
+    // ignore broadcast messages by default
+    if (msg_in->addr == ACIO_BROADCAST) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Default Behavior
+     * If you want to do anything different, just handle the
+     * commands in your own device implementation.
+     */
+    switch (msg_in->cmd.code) {
+
+        // node count report
+        case ACIO_CMD_ASSIGN_ADDRS: {
+            if (msg_in->addr == 0x00 && node_offset > 0) {
+                auto msg = ACIODeviceEmu::create_msg(msg_in, 1, &node_offset);
+                ACIODeviceEmu::write_msg(msg, this->response_buffer);
+                delete msg;
+                return;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // status 0 defaults
+        case ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+        case ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+        case 0x80: // KEEPALIVE
+        case 0xFF: // BROADCAST
+        {
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = ACIODeviceEmu::create_msg_status(msg_in, 0);
+            ACIODeviceEmu::write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+    log_info("acioemu", "UNHANDLED MSG FOR ADDR: {}, CMD: 0x{:x}), DATA: {}",
+            msg_in->addr,
+            msg_in->cmd.code,
+            bin2hex(*this->read_buffer));
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/acioemu.h b/acioemu/acioemu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57328e0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/acioemu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "util/circular_buffer.h"
+
+#include "device.h"
+#include "icca.h"
+
+namespace acioemu {
+
+    class ACIOEmu {
+    private:
+        std::vector<ACIODeviceEmu *> *devices;
+        circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer;
+        circular_buffer<uint8_t> *read_buffer;
+        bool invert = false;
+
+        void msg_parse();
+
+    public:
+
+        explicit ACIOEmu();
+        ~ACIOEmu();
+
+        void add_device(ACIODeviceEmu *device);
+
+        void write(uint8_t byte);
+        std::optional<uint8_t> read();
+        size_t bytes_available();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/bi2a.h b/acioemu/bi2a.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53669a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/bi2a.h
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <cstring>
+#include "device.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+
+namespace acioemu {
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+    struct bio2_bi2a_state_in {
+        uint8_t pad0[3];
+        uint8_t panel[4];
+        uint8_t deck_switch[14];
+        uint8_t pad21[2];
+        uint8_t led_ticker[9];
+        uint8_t spot_light_1[4];
+        uint8_t neon_light;
+        uint8_t spot_light_2[4];
+        uint8_t pad41[7];
+    };
+
+    struct bio2_bi2a_status {
+        uint8_t slider_1;
+        uint8_t system;
+        uint8_t slider_2;
+        uint8_t pad3;
+        uint8_t slider_3;
+        uint8_t pad5;
+        uint8_t slider_4;
+        uint8_t slider_5;
+        uint8_t pad8;
+        uint8_t panel;
+        uint8_t pad10[6];
+        uint8_t tt_p1;
+        uint8_t tt_p2;
+        uint8_t p1_s1;
+        uint8_t pad20;
+        uint8_t p1_s2;
+        uint8_t pad22;
+        uint8_t p1_s3;
+        uint8_t pad24;
+        uint8_t p1_s4;
+        uint8_t pad26;
+        uint8_t p1_s5;
+        uint8_t pad28;
+        uint8_t p1_s6;
+        uint8_t pad30;
+        uint8_t p1_s7;
+        uint8_t pad32;
+        uint8_t p2_s1;
+        uint8_t pad34;
+        uint8_t p2_s2;
+        uint8_t pad36;
+        uint8_t p2_s3;
+        uint8_t pad38;
+        uint8_t p2_s4;
+        uint8_t pad40;
+    };
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+    class BI2A : public ACIODeviceEmu {
+    private:
+        uint8_t coin_counter = 0;
+
+    public:
+        explicit BI2A(bool type_new, bool flip_order, bool keypad_thread, uint8_t node_count);
+        ~BI2A() override;
+
+        bool parse_msg(unsigned int node_offset,
+                       MessageData *msg_in,
+                       circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) override;
+
+        void update_card(int unit);
+        void update_keypad(int unit, bool update_edge);
+        void update_status(int unit);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/device.cpp b/acioemu/device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6e8dacf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "device.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+void ACIODeviceEmu::set_header(MessageData* data, uint8_t addr, uint16_t code, uint8_t pid,
+        uint8_t data_size)
+{
+    // flag as response
+    if (addr != 0) {
+        addr |= ACIO_RESPONSE_FLAG;
+    }
+
+    // set header data
+    data->addr = addr;
+    data->cmd.code = acio_u16(code);
+    data->cmd.pid = pid;
+    data->cmd.data_size = data_size;
+}
+
+void ACIODeviceEmu::set_version(MessageData* data, uint32_t type, uint8_t flag,
+        uint8_t ver_major, uint8_t ver_minor, uint8_t ver_rev, std::string code)
+{
+
+    // set version data
+    auto data_version = &data->cmd.data_version;
+    data_version->type = type;
+    data_version->flag = flag;
+    data_version->ver_major = ver_major;
+    data_version->ver_minor = ver_minor;
+    data_version->ver_rev = ver_rev;
+    strncpy(data_version->code, code.c_str(), sizeof(data_version->code));
+    strncpy(data_version->date, __DATE__, sizeof(data_version->date));
+    strncpy(data_version->time, __TIME__, sizeof(data_version->time));
+}
+
+MessageData *ACIODeviceEmu::create_msg(uint8_t addr, uint16_t code, uint8_t pid, size_t data_size,
+        uint8_t *data)
+{
+    // check data size
+    if (data_size > 0xFF) {
+        log_warning("acio", "data size > 255: {}", data_size);
+        data_size = 0xFF;
+    }
+
+    // allocate data
+    auto data_raw = new uint8_t[MSG_HEADER_SIZE + data_size];
+
+    // set header
+    auto msg = (MessageData *) &data_raw[0];
+    set_header(msg, addr, code, pid, (uint8_t) data_size);
+
+    // set data
+    if (data) {
+        memcpy(data_raw + MSG_HEADER_SIZE, data, data_size);
+    } else {
+        memset(data_raw + MSG_HEADER_SIZE, 0, data_size);
+    }
+
+    // return prepared message
+    return msg;
+}
+
+MessageData *ACIODeviceEmu::create_msg(MessageData *msg_in, size_t data_size, uint8_t *data) {
+    return create_msg(msg_in->addr, msg_in->cmd.code, msg_in->cmd.pid, data_size, data);
+}
+
+MessageData *ACIODeviceEmu::create_msg_status(uint8_t addr, uint16_t code, uint8_t pid, uint8_t status) {
+    return create_msg(addr, code, pid, 1, &status);
+}
+
+MessageData *ACIODeviceEmu::create_msg_status(MessageData *msg_in, uint8_t status) {
+    return create_msg_status(msg_in->addr, msg_in->cmd.code, msg_in->cmd.pid, status);
+}
+
+bool ACIODeviceEmu::is_applicable(uint8_t node_offset, uint8_t node) {
+    return node > node_offset && node <= node_offset + this->node_count;
+}
+
+void ACIODeviceEmu::write_msg(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) {
+
+    // header
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        response_buffer->put(ACIO_SOF);
+    }
+
+    // msg data and checksum
+    uint8_t b, chk = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i <= size; i++) {
+
+        // set byte to data or checksum
+        if (i < size) {
+            b = data[i];
+            chk += b;
+        } else {
+            b = chk;
+        }
+
+        // check for escape
+        if (b == ACIO_SOF || b == ACIO_ESCAPE) {
+            response_buffer->put(ACIO_ESCAPE);
+            response_buffer->put(~b);
+        } else {
+            response_buffer->put(b);
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+    log_info("acioemu", "ACIO MSG OUT: AA{}{:02X}", bin2hex(data, size), chk);
+#endif
+}
+
+void ACIODeviceEmu::write_msg(MessageData *msg, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) {
+    auto data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(msg);
+    write_msg(data, MSG_HEADER_SIZE + msg->cmd.data_size, response_buffer);
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/device.h b/acioemu/device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3bd0fcc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "util/circular_buffer.h"
+
+// convert big-endian to little-endian
+#define acio_u16 _byteswap_ushort
+#define acio_u32 _byteswap_ulong
+
+namespace acioemu {
+
+    constexpr uint8_t ACIO_SOF = 0xAA;
+    constexpr uint8_t ACIO_ESCAPE = 0xFF;
+    constexpr uint8_t ACIO_BROADCAST = 0x70;
+    constexpr uint8_t ACIO_RESPONSE_FLAG = 0x80;
+
+    // general command codes
+    enum acio_cmd_codes {
+        ACIO_CMD_ASSIGN_ADDRS = 0x0001,
+        ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION  = 0x0002,
+        ACIO_CMD_STARTUP      = 0x0003,
+        ACIO_CMD_KEEPALIVE    = 0x0080,
+        ACIO_CMD_CLEAR        = 0x0100,
+    };
+
+    // message structs
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+    struct VersionData {
+        uint32_t type;
+        uint8_t flag;
+        uint8_t ver_major;
+        uint8_t ver_minor;
+        uint8_t ver_rev;
+        char code[4];
+        char date[16];
+        char time[16];
+    };
+
+    struct MessageData {
+        uint8_t addr;
+
+        union {
+            struct {
+                uint16_t code;
+                uint8_t pid;
+                uint8_t data_size;
+
+                union {
+                    uint8_t raw[0xFF];
+                    uint8_t status;
+                    VersionData data_version;
+                };
+            } cmd;
+
+            struct {
+                uint8_t data_size;
+                uint8_t raw[0xFF];
+            } broadcast;
+        };
+    };
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+    // message sizes
+    constexpr size_t MSG_HEADER_SIZE = 5;
+    constexpr size_t MSG_VERSION_SIZE = sizeof(VersionData);
+
+    class ACIODeviceEmu {
+    public:
+
+        // attributes
+        uint8_t node_count = 0;
+
+        /*
+         * Helper functions for getting/setting the message contents
+         */
+        static void set_header(MessageData* data, uint8_t addr, uint16_t code, uint8_t pid, uint8_t data_size);
+        static void set_version(MessageData* data, uint32_t type, uint8_t flag,
+                         uint8_t ver_major, uint8_t ver_minor, uint8_t ver_rev,
+                         std::string code);
+
+        /*
+         * This function creates a basic message with optional parameter data.
+         * If data is set to null, the parameter data will be initialized with 0x00
+         */
+        static MessageData* create_msg(uint8_t addr, uint16_t cmd, uint8_t pid,
+                size_t data_size, uint8_t *data = nullptr);
+        static MessageData* create_msg(MessageData* msg_in, size_t data_size, uint8_t *data = nullptr);
+
+        /*
+         * Helper functions for generating messages
+         */
+        static MessageData* create_msg_status(uint8_t addr, uint16_t code, uint8_t pid, uint8_t status);
+        static MessageData* create_msg_status(MessageData* msg_in, uint8_t status);
+
+        virtual ~ACIODeviceEmu() = default;
+
+        virtual bool is_applicable(uint8_t node_offset, uint8_t node);
+        virtual bool parse_msg(MessageData *msg_in, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) = 0;
+        static void write_msg(const uint8_t *data, size_t size, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer);
+        static void write_msg(MessageData *msg, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/handle.cpp b/acioemu/handle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ed2e8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/handle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "handle.h"
+
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+acioemu::ACIOHandle::ACIOHandle(LPCWSTR lpCOMPort) {
+    this->com_port = lpCOMPort;
+}
+
+bool acioemu::ACIOHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, com_port) != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    log_info("acioemu", "Opened {} (ACIO)", ws2s(com_port));
+
+    // ACIO device
+    acio_emu.add_device(new acioemu::ICCADevice(false, true, 2));
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int acioemu::ACIOHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // read from emu
+    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+    while (bytes_read < nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        auto cur_byte = acio_emu.read();
+
+        if (cur_byte.has_value()) {
+            buffer[bytes_read++] = cur_byte.value();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return amount of bytes read
+    return (int) bytes_read;
+}
+
+int acioemu::ACIOHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // write to emu
+    for (DWORD i = 0; i < nNumberOfBytesToWrite; i++) {
+        acio_emu.write(buffer[i]);
+    }
+
+    // return all data written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int acioemu::ACIOHandle::device_io(
+        DWORD dwIoControlCode,
+        LPVOID lpInBuffer,
+        DWORD nInBufferSize,
+        LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+        DWORD nOutBufferSize
+) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+size_t acioemu::ACIOHandle::bytes_available() {
+    return acio_emu.bytes_available();
+}
+
+bool acioemu::ACIOHandle::close() {
+    log_info("acioemu", "Closed {} (ACIO)", ws2s(com_port));
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/handle.h b/acioemu/handle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..acff798
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/handle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "acioemu/acioemu.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace acioemu {
+
+    class ACIOHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        LPCWSTR com_port;
+
+        acioemu::ACIOEmu acio_emu;
+
+    public:
+        ACIOHandle(LPCWSTR lpCOMPort);
+
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        size_t bytes_available() override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/icca.cpp b/acioemu/icca.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f75a10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/icca.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+#include "icca.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+namespace acioemu {
+    bool ICCA_DEVICE_HACK = false;
+}
+
+ICCADevice::ICCADevice(bool flip_order, bool keypad_thread, uint8_t node_count) {
+
+    // init defaults
+    this->type_new = false;
+    this->flip_order = flip_order;
+    this->node_count = node_count;
+    this->cards = new uint8_t *[node_count] {};
+    this->cards_time = new time_t[node_count] {};
+    this->status = new uint8_t[node_count * 16] {};
+    this->accept = new bool[node_count] {};
+    for (int i = 0; i < node_count; i++) {
+        this->accept[i] = true;
+    }
+    this->hold = new bool[node_count] {};
+    this->keydown = new uint8_t[node_count] {};
+    this->keypad = new uint16_t[node_count] {};
+    this->keypad_last = new bool*[node_count] {};
+    for (int i = 0; i < node_count; i++) {
+        this->keypad_last[i] = new bool[12] {};
+    }
+    this->keypad_capture = new uint8_t[node_count] {};
+    for (int i = 0; i < node_count; i++) {
+        this->keypad_capture[i] = 0x08;
+    }
+    this->crypt = new std::optional<Crypt>[node_count] {};
+    this->counter = new uint8_t[node_count] {};
+    for (int i = 0; i < node_count; i++) {
+        this->counter[i] = 2;
+    }
+
+    // keypad thread for faster polling
+    if (keypad_thread) {
+        this->keypad_thread = new std::thread([this]() {
+            while (this->cards) {
+                for (int unit = 0; unit < this->node_count; unit++) {
+                    this->update_keypad(unit, false);
+                }
+                Sleep(7);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+ICCADevice::~ICCADevice() {
+
+    // stop thread
+    delete keypad_thread;
+
+    // delete cards in array
+    for (int i = 0; i < node_count; i++) {
+        delete cards[i];
+    }
+
+    // delete the rest
+    delete[] cards;
+    delete[] cards_time;
+    delete[] status;
+    delete[] accept;
+    delete[] hold;
+    delete[] keydown;
+    delete[] keypad;
+    delete[] keypad_last;
+    delete[] keypad_capture;
+    delete[] crypt;
+    delete[] counter;
+}
+
+bool ICCADevice::parse_msg(MessageData *msg_in,
+                           circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) {
+
+    // get unit
+    int unit = msg_in->addr - 1;
+    if (this->flip_order) {
+        unit = this->node_count - unit - 1;
+    }
+    if (unit != 0 && unit != 1) {
+        log_fatal("icca", "invalid unit: {}", unit);
+    }
+
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+    log_info("acioemu", "ICCA ADDR: {}, CMD: 0x{:04x}", unit, msg_in->cmd.code);
+#endif
+
+    // check command
+    switch (msg_in->cmd.code) {
+        case ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION: {
+
+            // send version data
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, MSG_VERSION_SIZE);
+            if (
+                avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "TBS", "UJK"}) ||
+                // SDVX Valkyrie cabinet mode
+                (avs::game::is_model("KFC") && (avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'G' || avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'H'))
+            ) {
+                this->set_version(msg, 0x3, 0, 1, 7, 0, "ICCA");
+            } else {
+                this->set_version(msg, 0x3, 0, 1, 6, 0, "ICCA");
+            }
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0130: { // REINITIALIZE
+
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0x00);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0131: { // READ CARD UID
+
+            // build data array
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 16);
+
+            // update things
+            update_card(unit);
+            update_keypad(unit, true);
+            update_status(unit);
+
+            // copy status
+            memcpy(msg->cmd.raw, &status[unit * 16], 16);
+
+            // explicitly set no card since this is just read
+            msg->cmd.raw[0] = 0x01;
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0135: { // SET ACTION
+
+            // check for data
+            if (msg_in->cmd.data_size >= 2) {
+
+                // subcommand
+                switch (msg_in->cmd.raw[1]) {
+                    case 0x00: // ACCEPT DISABLE
+                        this->accept[unit] = false;
+                        break;
+                    case 0x11: // ACCEPT ENABLE
+                        this->accept[unit] = true;
+                        break;
+                    case 0x12: // EJECT
+                        if (this->cards[unit] != nullptr) {
+                            delete this->cards[unit];
+                        }
+                        this->cards[unit] = nullptr;
+                        this->hold[unit] = false;
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // no break, return status
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        }
+        case 0x0134: { // GET STATUS
+
+            // build data array
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 16);
+
+            // update things
+            update_card(unit);
+            update_keypad(unit, true);
+            update_status(unit);
+
+            // copy status
+            memcpy(msg->cmd.raw, &status[unit * 16], 16);
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0160: { // KEY EXCHANGE
+
+            // if this cmd is called, the reader type must be new
+            this->type_new = true;
+
+            // build data array
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 4);
+
+            // set key
+            msg->cmd.raw[0] = 0xBE;
+            msg->cmd.raw[1] = 0xEF;
+            msg->cmd.raw[2] = 0xCA;
+            msg->cmd.raw[3] = 0xFE;
+
+            // convert keys
+            uint32_t game_key =
+                    msg_in->cmd.raw[0] << 24 |
+                    msg_in->cmd.raw[1] << 16 |
+                    msg_in->cmd.raw[2] << 8 |
+                    msg_in->cmd.raw[3];
+            uint32_t reader_key =
+                    msg->cmd.raw[0] << 24 |
+                    msg->cmd.raw[1] << 16 |
+                    msg->cmd.raw[2] << 8 |
+                    msg->cmd.raw[3];
+
+            log_info("icca", "client key: {:08x}", game_key);
+            log_info("icca", "reader key: {:08x}", reader_key);
+
+            this->crypt[unit].emplace();
+            this->crypt[unit]->set_keys(reader_key, game_key);
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0161: { // READ CARD UID NEW
+
+            // if this cmd is called, the reader type must be new
+            this->type_new = true;
+
+            // decide on answer
+            int answer_type = 0;
+            //if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ"))
+                //answer_type = 1;
+            // SDVX Old cabinet mode
+            if (avs::game::is_model("KFC") && avs::game::SPEC[0] != 'G' && avs::game::SPEC[0] != 'H')
+                answer_type = 1;
+            if (avs::game::is_model("L44"))
+                answer_type = 2;
+
+            // check answer type
+            switch (answer_type) {
+                case 1: {
+
+                    // send status 1
+                    auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 1);
+                    write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+                    delete msg;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case 2: {
+
+                    // build data array
+                    auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 16);
+
+                    // update card
+                    update_card(unit);
+
+                    // check for card
+                    if (this->cards[unit] != nullptr) {
+
+                        // copy into data buffer
+                        memcpy(msg->cmd.raw, this->cards[unit], 8);
+
+                        // delete card
+                        delete this->cards[unit];
+                        this->cards[unit] = nullptr;
+                        this->hold[unit] = false;
+                    }
+
+                    // write message
+                    write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+                    delete msg;
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+
+                    // send response with no data
+                    auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 0);
+                    write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+                    delete msg;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0164: { // GET STATUS ENC
+
+            // build data array
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 18);
+
+            // update things
+            update_card(unit);
+            update_keypad(unit, true);
+            update_status(unit);
+
+            // copy status
+            memcpy(msg->cmd.raw, &status[unit * 16], 16);
+
+            if (this->crypt[unit].has_value()) {
+                auto &crypt = this->crypt[unit];
+                uint16_t crc = crypt->crc(msg->cmd.raw, 16);
+
+                msg->cmd.raw[16] = (uint8_t) (crc >> 8);
+                msg->cmd.raw[17] = (uint8_t) crc;
+
+                crypt->crypt(msg->cmd.raw, 18);
+            } else {
+                log_warning("icca", "'GET STATUS ENC' message received with no crypt keys initialized");
+            }
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x013A: { // POWER CONTROL (tentative name, used in 1.7 firmware)
+            // TODO(felix): isolate this logic to LDJ and/or firmware 1.7 emulation
+
+            if (this->counter[unit] > 0) {
+                this->counter[unit]--;
+            }
+            //log_info("icca", "counter[{}] = {}", unit, this->counter[unit]);
+
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, this->counter[unit]);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+        case ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+        case 0x30: // GetBoardProductNumber
+        case 0x31: // GetMicomInfo
+        case 0x0116: // ???
+        case 0x0120: // ???
+        case 0xFF: // BROADCAST
+        {
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0x00);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // mark as handled
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ICCADevice::update_card(int unit) {
+
+    // wavepass timeout after 10s
+    if (this->cards[unit] != nullptr) {
+        time_t t_now;
+        time(&t_now);
+
+        if (difftime(t_now, this->cards_time[unit]) >= 10.f) {
+            if (this->cards[unit] != nullptr) {
+                delete this->cards[unit];
+            }
+            this->cards[unit] = nullptr;
+            this->hold[unit] = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool kb_insert_press = false;
+
+    // eamio keypress
+    kb_insert_press |= eamuse_get_keypad_state((size_t) unit) & (1 << EAM_IO_INSERT);
+
+    // check for card
+    if (this->cards[unit] == nullptr && (eamuse_card_insert_consume(this->node_count, unit) || kb_insert_press)) {
+        auto card = new uint8_t[8];
+
+        if (!eamuse_get_card(this->node_count, unit, card)) {
+
+            // invalid card found
+            delete[] card;
+
+        } else {
+            this->cards[unit] = card;
+            time(&this->cards_time[unit]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int KEYPAD_EAMUSE_MAPPING[] = {
+        0, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11, 8, 4
+};
+
+// map for KEYPAD_KEY_CODES:
+//  7 8 9  | 800 8000 8
+//  4 5 6  | 400 4000 4
+//  1 2 3  | 200 2000 2
+//  0 00 . | 100 1000 1
+static int KEYPAD_KEY_CODES[]{
+        0x100,  // 0
+        0x200,  // 1
+        0x2000, // 2
+        2,      // 3
+        0x400,  // 4
+        0x4000, // 5
+        4,      // 6
+        0x800,  // 7
+        0x8000, // 8
+        8,      // 9
+        1,      // .
+        0x1000  // 00
+};
+
+// map for KEYPAD_KEY_CODES_ALT:
+//  7 8 9  | 8 80 800
+//  4 5 6  | 4 40 400
+//  1 2 3  | 2 20 200
+//  0 00 . | 1 10 100
+//
+// note that the only game that needs this (SDVX VM) does not accept decimal,
+// so that key is untested
+static int KEYPAD_KEY_CODES_ALT[]{
+        1,      // 0
+        2,      // 1
+        0x20,   // 2
+        0x200,  // 3
+        4,      // 4
+        0x40,   // 5
+        0x400,  // 6
+        8,      // 7
+        0x80,   // 8
+        0x800,  // 9
+        0x100,  // .
+        0x10    // 00
+};
+static uint8_t KEYPAD_KEY_CODE_NUMS[]{
+        0, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11, 8, 4
+};
+
+void ICCADevice::update_keypad(int unit, bool update_edge) {
+
+    // lock keypad so threads can't interfere
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->keypad_mutex);
+
+    // reset unit
+    this->keypad[unit] = 0;
+
+    // get eamu key states
+    uint16_t eamu_state = eamuse_get_keypad_state((size_t) unit);
+
+    // iterate keypad
+    bool edge = false;
+    for (int n = 0; n < 12; n++) {
+        int i = n;
+
+        // check if pressed
+        if (eamu_state & (1 << KEYPAD_EAMUSE_MAPPING[i])) {
+
+            if (ICCA_DEVICE_HACK) {
+                this->keypad[unit] |= KEYPAD_KEY_CODES_ALT[i];
+            } else {
+                this->keypad[unit] |= KEYPAD_KEY_CODES[i];
+            }
+
+            if (!this->keypad_last[unit][i] && update_edge) {
+                this->keydown[unit] = (this->keypad_capture[unit] << 4) | KEYPAD_KEY_CODE_NUMS[n];
+                this->keypad_last[unit][i] = true;
+                edge = true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            this->keypad_last[unit][i] = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // update keypad capture
+    if (update_edge && edge) {
+        this->keypad_capture[unit]++;
+        this->keypad_capture[unit] |= 0x08;
+    } else {
+        this->keydown[unit] = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+void ICCADevice::update_status(int unit) {
+
+    // get buffer
+    uint8_t *buffer = &this->status[unit * 16];
+
+    // clear buffer
+    memset(buffer, 0x00, 16);
+
+    // check for card
+    bool card = false;
+    if (this->cards[unit] != nullptr) {
+
+        // copy card into buffer
+        memcpy(buffer + 2, this->cards[unit], 8);
+        card = true;
+    }
+
+    // check for reader type
+    if (this->type_new) {
+
+        // check for card
+        if (card) {
+
+            // set status to card present
+            buffer[0] = 0x02;
+
+            /*
+             * set card type
+             * 0x00 - ISO15696
+             * 0x01 - FELICA
+             */
+            bool felica = buffer[2] != 0xE0 && buffer[3] != 0x04;
+            buffer[1] = felica ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+            buffer[10] = felica ? 0x01 : 0x00;
+
+        } else if (
+            avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "TBS"}) ||
+            // SDVX Valkyrie cabinet mode
+            (avs::game::is_model("KFC") && (avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'G' || avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'H'))) {
+
+            // set status to 0 otherwise reader power on fails
+            buffer[0] = 0x00;
+        } else {
+
+            // set status to no card present (1 or 4)
+            buffer[0] = 0x04;
+        }
+    } else { // old reader
+
+        // check for card
+        if (card && accept[unit]) {
+            this->hold[unit] = true;
+        }
+
+        // check for hold
+        if (this->hold[unit]) {
+
+            // set status to card present
+            buffer[0] = 0x02;
+
+            /*
+             * sensors
+             * 0x10 - OLD READER FRONT
+             * 0x20 - OLD READER BACK
+             */
+
+            // activate both sensors
+            buffer[1] = 0x30;
+        } else {
+
+            // card present but reader isn't accepting it
+            if (card) {
+
+                // set card present
+                buffer[0] = 0x02;
+
+                // set front sensor
+                buffer[1] = 0x10;
+
+            } else {
+
+                // no card present
+                buffer[0] = 0x01;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // card type not present for old reader
+        buffer[10] = 0x00;
+    }
+
+    // other flags
+    buffer[11] = 0x03;
+    buffer[12] = keydown[unit];
+    buffer[13] = 0x00;
+    buffer[14] = (uint8_t) (keypad[unit] >> 8);
+    buffer[15] = (uint8_t) (keypad[unit] & 0xFF);
+}
diff --git a/acioemu/icca.h b/acioemu/icca.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ca83be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/acioemu/icca.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "device.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "reader/crypt.h"
+
+namespace acioemu {
+    extern bool ICCA_DEVICE_HACK;
+
+    class ICCADevice : public ACIODeviceEmu {
+    private:
+        bool type_new;
+        bool flip_order;
+        std::thread *keypad_thread;
+        std::mutex keypad_mutex;
+        uint8_t **cards;
+        time_t *cards_time;
+        uint8_t *status;
+        bool *accept;
+        bool *hold;
+        uint8_t *keydown;
+        uint16_t *keypad;
+        bool **keypad_last;
+        uint8_t *keypad_capture;
+        std::optional<Crypt> *crypt;
+        uint8_t *counter;
+
+    public:
+        explicit ICCADevice(bool flip_order, bool keypad_thread, uint8_t node_count);
+        ~ICCADevice() override;
+
+        bool parse_msg(MessageData *msg_in, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) override;
+
+        void update_card(int unit);
+        void update_keypad(int unit, bool update_edge);
+        void update_status(int unit);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/controller.cpp b/api/controller.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..300923a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/controller.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,459 @@
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+
+#include "controller.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "util/crypt.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "module.h"
+#include "modules/analogs.h"
+#include "modules/buttons.h"
+#include "modules/card.h"
+#include "modules/capture.h"
+#include "modules/coin.h"
+#include "modules/control.h"
+#include "modules/drs.h"
+#include "modules/iidx.h"
+#include "modules/info.h"
+#include "modules/keypads.h"
+#include "modules/lcd.h"
+#include "modules/lights.h"
+#include "modules/memory.h"
+#include "modules/touch.h"
+#include "request.h"
+#include "response.h"
+
+using namespace rapidjson;
+using namespace api;
+
+Controller::Controller(unsigned short port, std::string password, bool pretty)
+    : port(port), password(std::move(password)), pretty(pretty)
+{
+    if (!crypt::INITIALIZED && !this->password.empty()) {
+        log_fatal("api", "API server with password cannot be used without crypt module");
+    }
+
+    // WSA startup
+    WSADATA wsa_data;
+    int error;
+    if ((error = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa_data)) != 0) {
+        log_warning("api", "WSAStartup() returned {}", error);
+        this->server = INVALID_SOCKET;
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            log_fatal("api", "failed to start server");
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // create socket
+    this->server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    if (this->server == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+        log_warning("api", "could not create listener socket: {}", get_last_error_string());
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            log_fatal("api", "failed to start server");
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // configure socket
+    int opt_enable = 1;
+    if (setsockopt(this->server, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR,
+            reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&opt_enable), sizeof(int)) == -1)
+    {
+        log_warning("api", "could not set socket option SO_REUSEADDR: {}", get_last_error_string());
+    }
+    if (setsockopt(this->server, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY,
+            reinterpret_cast<const char *>(&opt_enable), sizeof(int)) == -1)
+    {
+        log_warning("api", "could not set socket option TCP_NODELAY: {}", get_last_error_string());
+    }
+
+    // create address
+    sockaddr_in server_address{};
+    server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_address.sin_port = htons(this->port);
+    server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+    memset(&server_address.sin_zero, 0, sizeof(server_address.sin_zero));
+
+    // bind socket to address
+    if (bind(this->server, (sockaddr *) &server_address, sizeof(sockaddr)) == -1) {
+        log_warning("api", "could not bind socket on port {}: {}", port, get_last_error_string());
+        this->server = INVALID_SOCKET;
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            log_fatal("api", "failed to start server");
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set socket to listen
+    if (listen(this->server, server_backlog) == -1) {
+        log_warning("api", "could not listen to socket on port {}: {}", port, get_last_error_string());
+        this->server = INVALID_SOCKET;
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            log_fatal("api", "failed to start server");
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // start workers
+    this->server_running = true;
+    for (int i = 0; i < server_worker_count; i++) {
+        this->server_workers.emplace_back(std::thread([this] {
+            this->server_worker();
+        }));
+    }
+
+    // log success
+    log_info("api", "API server is listening on port: {}", this->port);
+    log_info("api", "Using password: {}", this->password.empty() ? "no" : "yes");
+
+    // start websocket on next port
+    this->websocket = new WebSocketController(this, port + 1);
+}
+
+Controller::~Controller() {
+
+    // stop websocket
+    delete this->websocket;
+
+    // stop serial controllers
+    for (auto &s : this->serial) {
+        delete s;
+    }
+
+    // mark server stop
+    this->server_running = false;
+
+    // close socket
+    if (this->server != INVALID_SOCKET) {
+        closesocket(this->server);
+    }
+
+    // lock handlers
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> handlers_guard(this->server_handlers_m);
+
+    // join threads
+    for (auto &worker : this->server_workers) {
+        worker.join();
+    }
+    for (auto &handler : this->server_handlers) {
+        handler.join();
+    }
+
+    // cleanup WSA
+    WSACleanup();
+}
+
+void Controller::listen_serial(std::string port, DWORD baud) {
+    this->serial.push_back(new SerialController(this, port, baud));
+}
+
+void Controller::server_worker() {
+
+    // connection loop
+    while (this->server_running) {
+
+        // create client state
+        ClientState client_state {};
+
+        // accept connection
+        int socket_in_size = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
+        client_state.socket = accept(this->server, (sockaddr *) &client_state.address, &socket_in_size);
+        if (client_state.socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // lock handlers
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> handlers_guard(this->server_handlers_m);
+
+        // check connection limit
+        if (this->server_handlers.size() >= server_connection_limit) {
+            log_warning("api", "connection limit hit");
+            closesocket(client_state.socket);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // handle connection
+        this->server_handlers.emplace_back(std::thread([this, client_state] {
+            this->connection_handler(client_state);
+        }));
+    }
+}
+
+void Controller::connection_handler(api::ClientState client_state) {
+
+    // get address string
+    char client_address_str_data[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+    inet_ntop(AF_INET, &client_state.address.sin_addr, client_address_str_data, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
+    std::string client_address_str(client_address_str_data);
+
+    // log connection
+    log_info("api", "client connected: {}", client_address_str);
+    client_states_m.lock();
+    client_states.emplace_back(&client_state);
+    client_states_m.unlock();
+
+    // init state
+    init_state(&client_state);
+
+    // listen loop
+    std::vector<char> message_buffer;
+    char receive_buffer[server_receive_buffer_size];
+    while (this->server_running && !client_state.close) {
+
+        // receive data
+        int received_length = recv(client_state.socket, receive_buffer, server_receive_buffer_size, 0);
+        if (received_length < 0) {
+
+            // if the received length is < 0, we've got an error
+            log_warning("api", "receive error: {}", WSAGetLastError());
+            break;
+        } else if (received_length == 0) {
+
+            // if the received length is 0, the connection is closed
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // cipher
+        if (client_state.cipher != nullptr) {
+            client_state.cipher->crypt(
+                    (uint8_t *) receive_buffer,
+                    (size_t) received_length
+            );
+        }
+
+        // put into buffer
+        for (int i = 0; i < received_length; i++) {
+
+            // check for escape byte
+            if (receive_buffer[i] == 0) {
+
+                // get response
+                std::vector<char> send_buffer;
+                this->process_request(&client_state, &message_buffer, &send_buffer);
+
+                // clear message buffer
+                message_buffer.clear();
+
+                // check send buffer for content
+                if (!send_buffer.empty()) {
+
+                    // cipher
+                    if (client_state.cipher != nullptr) {
+                        client_state.cipher->crypt(
+                                (uint8_t *) send_buffer.data(),
+                                (size_t) send_buffer.size()
+                        );
+                    }
+
+                    // send data
+                    send(client_state.socket, send_buffer.data(), (int) send_buffer.size(), 0);
+
+                    // check for password change
+                    process_password_change(&client_state);
+                }
+            } else {
+
+                // append to message
+                message_buffer.push_back(receive_buffer[i]);
+
+                // check buffer size
+                if (message_buffer.size() > server_message_buffer_max_size) {
+                    message_buffer.clear();
+                    client_state.close = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // log disconnect
+    log_info("api", "client disconnected: {}", client_address_str);
+    client_states_m.lock();
+    client_states.erase(std::remove(client_states.begin(), client_states.end(), &client_state));
+    client_states_m.unlock();
+
+    // close connection
+    closesocket(client_state.socket);
+
+    // free state
+    free_state(&client_state);
+}
+
+bool Controller::process_request(ClientState *state, std::vector<char> *in, std::vector<char> *out) {
+    return this->process_request(state, &(*in)[0], in->size(), out);
+}
+
+bool Controller::process_request(ClientState *state, const char *in, size_t in_size, std::vector<char> *out) {
+
+    // parse document
+    Document document;
+    document.Parse(in, in_size);
+
+    // check for parse error
+    if (document.HasParseError()) {
+
+        // return empty response and close connection
+        out->push_back(0);
+        state->close = true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // build request and response
+    Request request(document);
+    Response response(request.id);
+    bool success = true;
+
+    // check if request has parse error
+    if (request.parse_error) {
+        Value module_error("Request parse error (invalid message format?).");
+        response.add_error(module_error);
+        success = false;
+    } else {
+
+        // find module
+        bool module_found = false;
+        for (auto module : state->modules) {
+            if (module->name == request.module) {
+                module_found = true;
+
+                // check password force
+                if (module->password_force && this->password.empty() && request.function != "session_refresh") {
+                    Value err("Module requires the password to be set.");
+                    response.add_error(err);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // handle request
+                module->handle(request, response);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if module wasn't found
+        if (!module_found) {
+            Value module_error("Unknown module.");
+            response.add_error(module_error);
+        }
+
+        // check for password change
+        if (response.password_changed) {
+            state->password = response.password;
+            state->password_change = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // write response
+    auto response_out = response.get_string(this->pretty);
+    out->insert(out->end(), response_out.begin(), response_out.end());
+    out->push_back(0);
+    return success;
+}
+
+void Controller::process_password_change(api::ClientState *state) {
+
+    // check for password change
+    if (state->password_change) {
+        state->password_change = false;
+        delete state->cipher;
+        if (state->password.empty()) {
+            state->cipher = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            state->cipher = new util::RC4(
+                    (uint8_t *) state->password.c_str(),
+                    state->password.size());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Controller::init_state(api::ClientState *state) {
+
+    // check if already initialized
+    if (!state->modules.empty()) {
+        log_fatal("api", "client state double initialization");
+    }
+
+    // cipher
+    state->cipher = nullptr;
+    state->password = this->password;
+    if (!this->password.empty()) {
+        state->cipher = new util::RC4((uint8_t *) this->password.c_str(), this->password.size());
+    }
+
+    // create module instances
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Analogs());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Buttons());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Card());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Capture());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Coin());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Control());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::DRS());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::IIDX());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Info());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Keypads());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::LCD());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Lights());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Memory());
+    state->modules.push_back(new modules::Touch());
+}
+
+void Controller::free_state(api::ClientState *state) {
+
+    // free modules
+    for (auto module : state->modules) {
+        delete module;
+    }
+
+    // free cipher
+    delete state->cipher;
+}
+
+void Controller::free_socket() {
+    if (this->server != INVALID_SOCKET) {
+        closesocket(this->server);
+        this->server = INVALID_SOCKET;
+    }
+
+    this->websocket->free_socket();
+
+    for (auto &s : this->serial) {
+        s->free_port();
+    }
+}
+
+void Controller::obtain_client_states(std::vector<ClientState> *vec) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->client_states_m);
+    for (auto &state : this->client_states) {
+        vec->push_back(*state);
+    }
+}
+
+std::string Controller::get_ip_address(sockaddr_in addr) {
+    switch (addr.sin_family) {
+        default:
+        case AF_INET: {
+            char buf[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
+            auto ret = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(addr.sin_addr), buf, sizeof(buf));
+            if (ret != nullptr) {
+                return std::string(ret);
+            } else {
+                return "unknown (" + to_string(WSAGetLastError()) + ")";
+            }
+        }
+        case AF_INET6: {
+            char buf[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
+            auto ret = inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &(addr.sin_addr), buf, sizeof(buf));
+            if (ret != nullptr) {
+                return std::string(ret);
+            } else {
+                return "unknown (" + to_string(WSAGetLastError()) + ")";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/controller.h b/api/controller.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5413f44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/controller.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <winsock2.h>
+
+#include "util/rc4.h"
+
+#include "module.h"
+#include "websocket.h"
+#include "serial.h"
+
+namespace api {
+
+    struct ClientState {
+        SOCKADDR_IN address;
+        SOCKET socket;
+        bool close = false;
+        std::vector<Module*> modules;
+        std::string password;
+        bool password_change = false;
+        util::RC4 *cipher = nullptr;
+    };
+
+    class Controller {
+    private:
+
+        // configuration
+        const static int server_backlog = 16;
+        const static int server_receive_buffer_size = 64 * 1024;
+        const static int server_message_buffer_max_size = 64 * 1024;
+        const static int server_worker_count = 2;
+        const static int server_connection_limit = 4096;
+
+        // settings
+        unsigned short port;
+        std::string password;
+        bool pretty;
+
+        // server
+        WebSocketController *websocket;
+        std::vector<SerialController *> serial;
+        std::vector<std::thread> server_workers;
+        std::vector<std::thread> server_handlers;
+        std::mutex server_handlers_m;
+        std::vector<api::ClientState *> client_states;
+        std::mutex client_states_m;
+        SOCKET server;
+        void server_worker();
+        void connection_handler(ClientState client_state);
+
+    public:
+
+        // state
+        bool server_running;
+
+        // constructor / destructor
+        Controller(unsigned short port, std::string password, bool pretty);
+        ~Controller();
+
+        void listen_serial(std::string port, DWORD baud);
+
+        bool process_request(ClientState *state, std::vector<char> *in, std::vector<char> *out);
+        bool process_request(ClientState *state, const char *in, size_t in_size, std::vector<char> *out);
+        static void process_password_change(ClientState *state);
+
+        void init_state(ClientState *state);
+        static void free_state(ClientState *state);
+
+        void free_socket();
+        void obtain_client_states(std::vector<ClientState> *output);
+
+        std::string get_ip_address(sockaddr_in addr);
+
+        inline const std::string &get_password() const {
+            return this->password;
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/module.cpp b/api/module.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..700a562
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/module.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "module.h"
+
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace api {
+
+    // logging setting
+    bool LOGGING = false;
+
+    Module::Module(std::string name, bool password_force) {
+        this->name = std::move(name);
+        this->password_force = password_force;
+    }
+
+    void Module::handle(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // log module access
+        if (LOGGING)
+            log_info("api::" + this->name, "handling request");
+
+        // find function
+        auto pos = functions.find(req.function);
+        if (pos == functions.end())
+            return error_function_unknown(res);
+
+        // call function
+        pos->second(req, res);
+    }
+
+    void Module::error(Response &res, std::string err) {
+
+        // log the warning
+        log_warning("api::" + this->name, "error: {}", err);
+
+        // add error to response
+        Value val(err.c_str(), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+        res.add_error(val);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/module.h b/api/module.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d41b787
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/module.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <map>
+#include <string>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <external/robin_hood.h>
+
+#include "response.h"
+#include "request.h"
+
+namespace api {
+
+    // logging setting
+    extern bool LOGGING;
+
+    // callback
+    typedef std::function<void(Request &, Response &)> ModuleFunctionCallback;
+
+    class Module {
+    protected:
+
+        // map of available functions
+        robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, ModuleFunctionCallback> functions;
+
+        // default constructor
+        explicit Module(std::string name, bool password_force=false);
+
+    public:
+
+        // virtual deconstructor
+        virtual ~Module() = default;
+
+        // name of the module (should match namespace)
+        std::string name;
+        bool password_force;
+
+        // the magic
+        void handle(Request &req, Response &res);
+
+        /*
+         * Error definitions.
+         */
+
+        void error(Response &res, std::string err);
+        void error_type(Response &res, const std::string &field, const std::string &type) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << field << " must be a " << type;
+            error(res, s.str());
+        };
+        void error_size(Response &res, const std::string &field, size_t size) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << field << " must be of size " << size;
+            error(res, s.str());
+        }
+        void error_unknown(Response &res, const std::string &field, const std::string &name) {
+            std::ostringstream s;
+            s << "Unknown " << field << ": " << name;
+            error(res, s.str());
+        }
+
+#define ERR(name, err) void error_##name(Response &res) { error(res, err); }
+        ERR(function_unknown, "Unknown function.");
+        ERR(params_insufficient, "Insufficient number of parameters.");
+#undef ERR
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/analogs.cpp b/api/modules/analogs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3cb2be1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/analogs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include "analogs.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "cfg/analog.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    Analogs::Analogs() : Module("analogs") {
+        functions["read"] = std::bind(&Analogs::read, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write"] = std::bind(&Analogs::write, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write_reset"] = std::bind(&Analogs::write_reset, this, _1, _2);
+        analogs = games::get_analogs(eamuse_get_game());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * read()
+     */
+    void Analogs::read(api::Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check analog cache
+        if (!analogs) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // add state for each analog
+        for (auto &analog : *this->analogs) {
+            Value state(kArrayType);
+            Value analog_name(analog.getName().c_str(), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            Value analog_state(GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog));
+            Value analog_enabled(analog.override_enabled);
+            state.PushBack(analog_name, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(analog_state, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(analog_enabled, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            res.add_data(state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write([name: str, state: float], ...)
+     */
+    void Analogs::write(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check analog cache
+        if (!analogs)
+            return;
+
+        // loop parameters
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (!param.IsArray()) {
+                error(res, "parameters must be arrays");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (param.Size() < 2) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsString()) {
+                error_type(res, "name", "string");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[1].IsFloat() && !param[1].IsInt()) {
+                error_type(res, "state", "float");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get params
+            auto analog_name = param[0].GetString();
+            auto analog_state = param[1].GetFloat();
+
+            // write analog state
+            if (!this->write_analog(analog_name, analog_state)) {
+                error_unknown(res, "analog", analog_name);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write_reset()
+     * write_reset([name: str], ...)
+     */
+    void Analogs::write_reset(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check analog cache
+        if (!analogs)
+            return;
+
+        // get params
+        auto params = req.params.GetArray();
+
+        // write_reset()
+        if (params.Size() == 0) {
+            if (analogs != nullptr) {
+                for (auto &analog : *this->analogs) {
+                    analog.override_enabled = false;
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // loop parameters
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (!param.IsArray()) {
+                error(res, "parameters must be arrays");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (param.Size() < 1) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsString()) {
+                error_type(res, "name", "string");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get params
+            auto analog_name = param[0].GetString();
+
+            // write analog state
+            if (!this->write_analog_reset(analog_name)) {
+                error_unknown(res, "analog", analog_name);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool Analogs::write_analog(std::string name, float state) {
+
+        // check analog cache
+        if (!this->analogs) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // find analog
+        for (auto &analog : *this->analogs) {
+            if (analog.getName() == name) {
+                analog.override_state = CLAMP(state, 0.f, 1.f);
+                analog.override_enabled = true;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // unknown analog
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool Analogs::write_analog_reset(std::string name) {
+
+        // check analog cache
+        if (!analogs) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // find analog
+        for (auto &analog : *this->analogs) {
+            if (analog.getName() == name) {
+                analog.override_enabled = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // unknown analog
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/analogs.h b/api/modules/analogs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6f93c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/analogs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Analogs : public Module {
+    public:
+        Analogs();
+
+    private:
+
+        // state
+        std::vector<Analog> *analogs;
+
+        // function definitions
+        void read(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write_reset(Request &req, Response &res);
+
+        // helper
+        bool write_analog(std::string name, float state);
+        bool write_analog_reset(std::string name);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/buttons.cpp b/api/modules/buttons.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f28345
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/buttons.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+#include "buttons.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    Buttons::Buttons() : Module("buttons") {
+        functions["read"] = std::bind(&Buttons::read, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write"] = std::bind(&Buttons::write, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write_reset"] = std::bind(&Buttons::write_reset, this, _1, _2);
+        buttons = games::get_buttons(eamuse_get_game());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * read()
+     */
+    void Buttons::read(api::Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check button cache
+        if (!this->buttons) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // add state for each button
+        for (auto &button : *this->buttons) {
+            Value state(kArrayType);
+            Value button_name(button.getName().c_str(), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            Value button_state(GameAPI::Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, button));
+            Value button_enabled(button.override_enabled);
+            state.PushBack(button_name, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(button_state, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(button_enabled, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            res.add_data(state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write([name: str, state: bool/float], ...)
+     */
+    void Buttons::write(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check button cache
+        if (!buttons) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // loop parameters
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (!param.IsArray()) {
+                error(res, "parameters must be arrays");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (param.Size() < 2) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsString()) {
+                error_type(res, "name", "string");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[1].IsBool() && !param[1].IsFloat() && !param[1].IsInt()) {
+                error_type(res, "state", "bool or float");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get params
+            auto button_name = param[0].GetString();
+            auto button_state = param[1].IsBool() ? param[1].GetBool() : param[1].GetFloat() > 0;
+            auto button_velocity = param[1].IsFloat() ? param[1].GetFloat() : (button_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+
+            // write button state
+            if (!this->write_button(button_name, button_velocity)) {
+                error_unknown(res, "button", button_name);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write_reset()
+     * write_reset([name: str], ...)
+     */
+    void Buttons::write_reset(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check button cache
+        if (!this->buttons) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get params
+        auto params = req.params.GetArray();
+
+        // write_reset()
+        if (params.Size() == 0) {
+            if (buttons != nullptr) {
+                for (auto &button : *this->buttons) {
+                    button.override_enabled = false;
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // loop parameters
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (!param.IsArray()) {
+                error(res, "parameters must be arrays");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (param.Size() < 1) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsString()) {
+                error_type(res, "name", "string");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get params
+            auto button_name = param[0].GetString();
+
+            // write button state
+            if (!this->write_button_reset(button_name)) {
+                error_unknown(res, "button", button_name);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool Buttons::write_button(std::string name, float state) {
+
+        // check button cache
+        if (!this->buttons) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // find button
+        for (auto &button : *this->buttons) {
+            if (button.getName() == name) {
+                button.override_state = state > 0.f ?
+                        GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED : GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                button.override_velocity = CLAMP(state, 0.f, 1.f);
+                button.override_enabled = true;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // unknown button
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool Buttons::write_button_reset(std::string name) {
+
+        // check button cache
+        if (!this->buttons) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // find button
+        for (auto &button : *this->buttons) {
+            if (button.getName() == name) {
+                button.override_enabled = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // unknown button
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/buttons.h b/api/modules/buttons.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a9a8a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/buttons.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Buttons : public Module {
+    public:
+        Buttons();
+
+    private:
+
+        // state
+        std::vector<Button> *buttons;
+
+        // function definitions
+        void read(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write_reset(Request &req, Response &res);
+
+        // helper
+        bool write_button(std::string name, float state);
+        bool write_button_reset(std::string name);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/capture.cpp b/api/modules/capture.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cab7e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/capture.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "capture.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/crypt.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    static thread_local std::vector<uint8_t> CAPTURE_BUFFER;
+
+    Capture::Capture() : Module("capture") {
+        functions["get_screens"] = std::bind(&Capture::get_screens, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["get_jpg"] = std::bind(&Capture::get_jpg, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get_screens()
+     */
+    void Capture::get_screens(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // aquire screens
+        std::vector<int> screens;
+        graphics_screens_get(screens);
+
+        // add screens to response
+        for (auto &screen : screens) {
+            res.add_data(screen);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get_jpg([screen=0, quality=70, downscale=0, divide=1])
+     * screen: uint specifying the window
+     * quality: uint in range [0, 100]
+     * reduce: uint for dividing image size
+     */
+    void Capture::get_jpg(Request &req, Response &res) {
+        CAPTURE_BUFFER.reserve(1024 * 128);
+
+        // settings
+        int screen = 0;
+        int quality = 70;
+        int divide = 1;
+        if (req.params.Size() > 0 && req.params[0].IsUint())
+            screen = req.params[0].GetUint();
+        if (req.params.Size() > 1 && req.params[1].IsUint())
+            quality = req.params[1].GetUint();
+        if (req.params.Size() > 2 && req.params[2].IsUint())
+            divide = req.params[2].GetUint();
+
+        // receive JPEG data
+        uint64_t timestamp = 0;
+        int width = 0;
+        int height = 0;
+        graphics_capture_trigger(screen);
+        bool success = graphics_capture_receive_jpeg(screen, [] (uint8_t byte) {
+            CAPTURE_BUFFER.push_back(byte);
+        }, true, quality, true, divide, &timestamp, &width, &height);
+        if (!success) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // encode to base64
+        auto encoded = crypt::base64_encode(
+                CAPTURE_BUFFER.data(),
+                CAPTURE_BUFFER.size());
+
+        // clear buffer
+        CAPTURE_BUFFER.clear();
+
+        // add data to response
+        Value data;
+        data.SetString(encoded.c_str(), encoded.length(), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+        res.add_data(timestamp);
+        res.add_data(width);
+        res.add_data(height);
+        res.add_data(data);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/capture.h b/api/modules/capture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b02b02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/capture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Capture : public Module {
+    public:
+        Capture();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void get_screens(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void get_jpg(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/card.cpp b/api/modules/card.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5eb262a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/card.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "card.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    Card::Card() : Module("card") {
+        functions["insert"] = std::bind(&Card::insert, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * insert(index, card_id)
+     * index: uint in range [0, 1]
+     * card_id: hex string of length 16
+     */
+    void Card::insert(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check params
+        if (req.params.Size() < 2)
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        if (!req.params[0].IsUint())
+            return error_type(res, "index", "uint");
+        if (!req.params[1].IsString())
+            return error_type(res, "card_id", "hex string");
+        if (req.params[1].GetStringLength() != 16)
+            return error_size(res, "card_id", 16);
+
+        // get params
+        auto index = req.params[0].GetUint();
+        auto card_hex = req.params[1].GetString();
+
+        // convert to binary
+        uint8_t card_bin[8] {};
+        if (!hex2bin(card_hex, card_bin)) {
+            return error_type(res, "card_id", "hex string");
+        }
+
+        // log
+        if (LOGGING) {
+            log_info("api::card", "inserting card: {}", card_hex);
+        }
+
+        // insert card
+        eamuse_card_insert(index & 1, card_bin);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/card.h b/api/modules/card.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6012176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/card.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Card : public Module {
+    public:
+        Card();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void insert(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/coin.cpp b/api/modules/coin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f4937d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/coin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include "coin.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    Coin::Coin() : Module("coin") {
+        functions["get"] = std::bind(&Coin::get, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["set"] = std::bind(&Coin::set, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["insert"] = std::bind(&Coin::insert, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["blocker_get"] = std::bind(&Coin::blocker_get, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get()
+     */
+    void Coin::get(api::Request &req, api::Response &res) {
+
+        // get coin stock
+        auto coin_stock = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+
+        // insert value
+        Value coin_stock_val(coin_stock);
+        res.add_data(coin_stock_val);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set(amount: int)
+     */
+    void Coin::set(api::Request &req, api::Response &res) {
+
+        // check params
+        if (req.params.Size() < 1)
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        if (!req.params[0].IsInt())
+            return error_type(res, "amount", "int");
+
+        // set coin stock
+        eamuse_coin_set_stock(req.params[0].GetInt());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * insert()
+     * insert(amount: int)
+     */
+    void Coin::insert(api::Request &req, api::Response &res) {
+
+        // insert()
+        if (req.params.Size() == 0) {
+            eamuse_coin_add();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // check params
+        if (!req.params[0].IsInt())
+            return error_type(res, "amount", "int");
+
+        // add to coin stock
+        eamuse_coin_set_stock(eamuse_coin_get_stock() + std::max(0, req.params[0].GetInt()));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * blocker_get()
+     */
+    void Coin::blocker_get(api::Request &req, api::Response &res) {
+
+        // get block status
+        auto block_status = eamuse_coin_get_block();
+
+        // insert value
+        Value block_val(block_status);
+        res.add_data(block_val);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/coin.h b/api/modules/coin.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..887111e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/coin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Coin : public Module {
+    public:
+        Coin();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void get(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void set(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void insert(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void blocker_get(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/control.cpp b/api/modules/control.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..346c5f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/control.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#include "control.h"
+
+#include <csignal>
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/crypt.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    struct SignalMapping {
+        int signum;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    static SignalMapping SIGNAL_MAPPINGS[] = {
+            { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT" },
+            { SIGFPE, "SIGFPE" },
+            { SIGILL, "SIGILL" },
+            { SIGINT, "SIGINT" },
+            { SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV" },
+            { SIGTERM, "SIGTERM" },
+    };
+
+    Control::Control() : Module("control", true) {
+        functions["raise"] = std::bind(&Control::raise, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["exit"] = std::bind(&Control::exit, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["restart"] = std::bind(&Control::restart, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["session_refresh"] = std::bind(&Control::session_refresh, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["shutdown"] = std::bind(&Control::shutdown, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["reboot"] = std::bind(&Control::reboot, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * raise(signal: str)
+     */
+    void Control::raise(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check args
+        if (req.params.Size() < 1)
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        if (!req.params[0].IsString())
+            return error_type(res, "signal", "string");
+
+        // get signal
+        auto signal_str = req.params[0].GetString();
+        int signal_val = -1;
+        for (auto mapping : SIGNAL_MAPPINGS) {
+            if (_stricmp(mapping.name, signal_str) == 0) {
+                signal_val = mapping.signum;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if not found
+        if (signal_val < 0)
+            return error_unknown(res, "signal", signal_str);
+
+        // raise signal
+        if (::raise(signal_val))
+            return error(res, "Failed to raise signo " + to_string(signal_val));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * exit()
+     * exit(code: int)
+     */
+    void Control::exit(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // exit()
+        if (req.params.Size() == 0) {
+            launcher::shutdown();
+        }
+
+        // check code
+        if (!req.params[0].IsInt())
+            return error_type(res, "code", "int");
+
+        // exit
+        launcher::shutdown(req.params[0].GetInt());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * restart()
+     */
+    void Control::restart(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // restart launcher
+        launcher::restart();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * session_refresh()
+     */
+    void Control::session_refresh(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // generate new password
+        uint8_t password_bin[128];
+        crypt::random_bytes(password_bin, std::size(password_bin));
+        std::string password = bin2hex(&password_bin[0], std::size(password_bin));
+
+        // add to response
+        Value password_val(password.c_str(), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+        res.add_data(password_val);
+
+        // change password
+        res.password_change(password);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * shutdown()
+     */
+    void Control::shutdown(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // acquire privileges
+        if (!acquire_shutdown_privs())
+            return error(res, "Unable to acquire shutdown privileges");
+
+        // exit windows
+        if (!ExitWindowsEx(EWX_SHUTDOWN | EWX_HYBRID_SHUTDOWN | EWX_FORCE,
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MAJOR_APPLICATION |
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MINOR_MAINTENANCE))
+            return error(res, "Unable to shutdown system");
+
+        // terminate this process
+        launcher::shutdown(0);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * reboot()
+     */
+    void Control::reboot(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // acquire privileges
+        if (!acquire_shutdown_privs())
+            return error(res, "Unable to acquire shutdown privileges");
+
+        // exit windows
+        if (!ExitWindowsEx(EWX_REBOOT | EWX_FORCE,
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MAJOR_APPLICATION |
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MINOR_MAINTENANCE))
+            return error(res, "Unable to reboot system");
+
+        // terminate this process
+        launcher::shutdown(0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/control.h b/api/modules/control.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4639fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/control.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Control : public Module {
+    public:
+        Control();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void raise(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void exit(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void restart(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void session_refresh(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void shutdown(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void reboot(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/drs.cpp b/api/modules/drs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2538ee0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/drs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#include "drs.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "games/drs/drs.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    DRS::DRS() : Module("drs") {
+        functions["tapeled_get"] = std::bind(&DRS::tapeled_get, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["touch_set"] = std::bind(&DRS::touch_set, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ticker_get()
+     */
+    void DRS::tapeled_get(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // copy data to array
+        Value tapeled(kArrayType);
+        const size_t tape_len = sizeof(games::drs::DRS_TAPELED);
+        const uint8_t *tape_raw = (uint8_t*) games::drs::DRS_TAPELED;
+        tapeled.Reserve(tape_len, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tape_len; i++) {
+            tapeled.PushBack(tape_raw[i], res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // add to response
+        res.add_data(tapeled);
+    }
+
+    void DRS::touch_set(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get all touch points
+        games::drs::drs_touch_t touches[16];
+        size_t i = 0;
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (param.Size() < 6) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsUint()) {
+                error_type(res, "type", "uint");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[1].IsUint()) {
+                error_type(res, "id", "uint");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[2].IsDouble()) {
+                error_type(res, "x", "double");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[3].IsDouble()) {
+                error_type(res, "y", "double");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[4].IsDouble()) {
+                error_type(res, "width", "double");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[5].IsDouble()) {
+                error_type(res, "height", "double");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get params
+            auto touch_type = param[0].GetUint();
+            auto touch_id = param[1].GetUint();
+            auto touch_x = param[2].GetDouble();
+            auto touch_y = param[3].GetDouble();
+            auto width = param[4].GetDouble();
+            auto height = param[5].GetDouble();
+
+            touches[i].type = touch_type;
+            touches[i].id = touch_id;
+            touches[i].x = touch_x;
+            touches[i].y = touch_y;
+            touches[i].width = width;
+            touches[i].height = height;
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        // apply touch points
+        games::drs::fire_touches(touches, i);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/drs.h b/api/modules/drs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87e706f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/drs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class DRS : public Module {
+    public:
+        DRS();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void tapeled_get(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void touch_set(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/iidx.cpp b/api/modules/iidx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43860b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/iidx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#include "iidx.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    // settings
+    static const size_t TICKER_SIZE = 9;
+
+    IIDX::IIDX() : Module("iidx") {
+        functions["ticker_get"] = std::bind(&IIDX::ticker_get, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["ticker_set"] = std::bind(&IIDX::ticker_set, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["ticker_reset"] = std::bind(&IIDX::ticker_reset, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ticker_get()
+     */
+    void IIDX::ticker_get(api::Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get led ticker
+        games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.lock();
+        Value led_ticker(StringRef(games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER, TICKER_SIZE), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+        games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.unlock();
+
+        // add to response
+        res.add_data(led_ticker);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * ticker_set(text: str)
+     */
+    void IIDX::ticker_set(api::Request &req, api::Response &res) {
+
+        // check param
+        if (req.params.Size() < 1)
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        if (!req.params[0].IsString())
+            return error_type(res, "text", "str");
+
+        // get param
+        auto text = req.params[0].GetString();
+        auto text_len = req.params[0].GetStringLength();
+
+        // lock
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> ticker_lock(games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK);
+
+        // set to read only
+        games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY = true;
+
+        // set led ticker
+        memset(games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER, ' ', TICKER_SIZE);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < TICKER_SIZE && i < text_len; i++) {
+            games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER[i] = text[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    void IIDX::ticker_reset(api::Request &req, api::Response &res) {
+
+        // lock
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> ticker_lock(games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK);
+
+        // disable read only
+        games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY = false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/iidx.h b/api/modules/iidx.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50fea1e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/iidx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class IIDX : public Module {
+    public:
+        IIDX();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void ticker_get(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void ticker_set(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void ticker_reset(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/info.cpp b/api/modules/info.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a232fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/info.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include "info.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "build/defs.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    Info::Info() : Module("info") {
+        functions["avs"] = std::bind(&Info::avs, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["launcher"] = std::bind(&Info::launcher, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["memory"] = std::bind(&Info::memory, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * avs()
+     */
+    void Info::avs(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get allocator
+        auto &alloc = res.doc()->GetAllocator();
+
+        // build info object
+        Value info(kObjectType);
+        info.AddMember("model", StringRef(avs::game::MODEL, 3), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("dest", StringRef(avs::game::DEST, 1), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("spec", StringRef(avs::game::SPEC, 1), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("rev", StringRef(avs::game::REV, 1), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("ext", StringRef(avs::game::EXT, 10), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("services", StringRef(avs::ea3::EA3_BOOT_URL.c_str()), alloc);
+
+        // add info object
+        res.add_data(info);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * launcher()
+     */
+    void Info::launcher(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get allocator
+        auto &alloc = res.doc()->GetAllocator();
+
+        // build args
+        Value args(kArrayType);
+        for (int count = 0; count < LAUNCHER_ARGC; count++) {
+            auto arg = LAUNCHER_ARGV[count];
+            args.PushBack(StringRef(arg), alloc);
+        }
+
+        // get system time
+        auto t_now = std::time(nullptr);
+        auto tm_now = *std::gmtime(&t_now);
+        auto tm_str = to_string(std::put_time(&tm_now, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"));
+        Value system_time(tm_str.c_str(), alloc);
+
+        // build info object
+        Value info(kObjectType);
+        info.AddMember("version", StringRef(VERSION_STRING), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("compile_date", StringRef(__DATE__), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("compile_time", StringRef(__TIME__), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("system_time", system_time, alloc);
+        info.AddMember("args", args, alloc);
+
+        // add info object
+        res.add_data(info);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * memory()
+     */
+    void Info::memory(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get allocator
+        auto &alloc = res.doc()->GetAllocator();
+
+        // build info object
+        Value info(kObjectType);
+        info.AddMember("mem_total", memutils::mem_total(), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("mem_total_used", memutils::mem_total_used(), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("mem_used", memutils::mem_used(), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("vmem_total", memutils::vmem_total(), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("vmem_total_used", memutils::vmem_total_used(), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("vmem_used", memutils::vmem_used(), alloc);
+
+        // add info object
+        res.add_data(info);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/info.h b/api/modules/info.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6083888
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Info : public Module {
+    public:
+        Info();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void avs(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void launcher(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void memory(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/keypads.cpp b/api/modules/keypads.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8980f03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/keypads.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#include "keypads.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    struct KeypadMapping {
+        char character;
+        uint16_t state;
+    };
+
+    static KeypadMapping KEYPAD_MAPPINGS[] = {
+        { '0', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0 },
+        { '1', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1 },
+        { '2', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2 },
+        { '3', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3 },
+        { '4', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4 },
+        { '5', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5 },
+        { '6', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6 },
+        { '7', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7 },
+        { '8', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8 },
+        { '9', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9 },
+        { 'A', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00 },
+        { 'D', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL },
+    };
+
+    Keypads::Keypads() : Module("keypads") {
+        functions["write"] = std::bind(&Keypads::write, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["set"] = std::bind(&Keypads::set, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["get"] = std::bind(&Keypads::get, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write(keypad: uint, input: str)
+     */
+    void Keypads::write(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check params
+        if (req.params.Size() < 2) {
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        }
+        if (!req.params[0].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "keypad", "uint");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[1].IsString()) {
+            return error_type(res, "input", "string");
+        }
+
+        // get params
+        auto keypad = req.params[0].GetUint();
+        auto input = std::string(req.params[1].GetString());
+
+        // process all chars
+        for (auto c : input) {
+            uint16_t state = 0;
+
+            // find mapping
+            bool mapping_found = false;
+            for (auto &mapping : KEYPAD_MAPPINGS) {
+                if (_strnicmp(&mapping.character, &c, 1) == 0) {
+                    state |= mapping.state;
+                    mapping_found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check for error
+            if (!mapping_found) {
+                return error_unknown(res, "char", std::string("") + c);
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write input to keypad.
+             * We try to make sure it was accepted by waiting a bit more than two frames.
+             */
+            DWORD sleep_time = 70;
+            if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+
+                // cuz fuck DDR
+                sleep_time = 150;
+            }
+
+            // set
+            eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, state);
+            Sleep(sleep_time);
+
+            // unset
+            eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, 0);
+            Sleep(sleep_time);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * set(keypad: uint, key: char, ...)
+     */
+    void Keypads::set(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check keypad
+        if (req.params.Size() < 1) {
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        }
+        if (!req.params[0].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "keypad", "uint");
+        }
+        auto keypad = req.params[0].GetUint();
+
+        // iterate params
+        uint16_t state = 0;
+        auto params = req.params.GetArray();
+        for (size_t i = 1; i < params.Size(); i++) {
+            auto &param = params[i];
+
+            // check key
+            if (!param.IsString()) {
+                error_type(res, "key", "char");
+            }
+            if (param.GetStringLength() < 1) {
+                error_size(res, "key", 1);
+            }
+
+            // find mapping
+            auto key = param.GetString();
+            bool mapping_found = false;
+            for (auto &mapping : KEYPAD_MAPPINGS) {
+                if (_strnicmp(&mapping.character, key, 1) == 0) {
+                    state |= mapping.state;
+                    mapping_found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check for error
+            if (!mapping_found) {
+                return error_unknown(res, "key", key);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // set keypad state
+        eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, state);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * get(keypad: uint)
+     */
+    void Keypads::get(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check keypad
+        if (req.params.Size() < 1) {
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        }
+        if (!req.params[0].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "keypad", "uint");
+        }
+        auto keypad = req.params[0].GetUint();
+
+        // get keypad state
+        auto state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(keypad);
+
+        // add keys to response
+        for (auto &mapping : KEYPAD_MAPPINGS) {
+            if (state & mapping.state) {
+                Value val(&mapping.character, 1);
+                res.add_data(val);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/keypads.h b/api/modules/keypads.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edfcd45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/keypads.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Keypads : public Module {
+    public:
+        Keypads();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void write(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void set(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void get(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/lcd.cpp b/api/modules/lcd.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d05d9db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/lcd.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#include "lcd.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    LCD::LCD() : Module("lcd") {
+        functions["info"] = std::bind(&LCD::info, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * info()
+     */
+    void LCD::info(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get allocator
+        auto &alloc = res.doc()->GetAllocator();
+
+        // build info object
+        Value info(kObjectType);
+        info.AddMember("enabled", games::shared::LCD_ENABLED, alloc);
+        info.AddMember("csm", StringRef(games::shared::LCD_CSM.c_str()), alloc);
+        info.AddMember("bri", games::shared::LCD_BRI, alloc);
+        info.AddMember("con", games::shared::LCD_CON, alloc);
+        info.AddMember("bl", games::shared::LCD_BL, alloc);
+        info.AddMember("red", games::shared::LCD_RED, alloc);
+        info.AddMember("green", games::shared::LCD_GREEN, alloc);
+        info.AddMember("blue", games::shared::LCD_BLUE, alloc);
+
+        // add info object
+        res.add_data(info);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/lcd.h b/api/modules/lcd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9bbc9d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/lcd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class LCD : public Module {
+    public:
+        LCD();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void info(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/lights.cpp b/api/modules/lights.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e3dc15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/lights.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#include "lights.h"
+#include <functional>
+#include <cfg/configurator.h>
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "cfg/light.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    Lights::Lights() : Module("lights") {
+        functions["read"] = std::bind(&Lights::read, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write"] = std::bind(&Lights::write, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write_reset"] = std::bind(&Lights::write_reset, this, _1, _2);
+        lights = games::get_lights(eamuse_get_game());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * read()
+     */
+    void Lights::read(api::Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check light cache
+        if (!this->lights) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // add state for each light
+        for (auto &light : *this->lights) {
+            Value state(kArrayType);
+            Value light_name(light.getName().c_str(), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            Value light_state(GameAPI::Lights::readLight(RI_MGR, light));
+            Value light_enabled(light.override_enabled);
+            state.PushBack(light_name, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(light_state, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(light_enabled, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            res.add_data(state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write([name: str, state: float], ...)
+     */
+    void Lights::write(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check light cache
+        if (!this->lights) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // loop parameters
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (!param.IsArray()) {
+                error(res, "parameters must be arrays");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (param.Size() < 2) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsString()) {
+                error_type(res, "name", "string");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[1].IsFloat() && !param[1].IsInt()) {
+                error_type(res, "state", "float");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get params
+            auto light_name = param[0].GetString();
+            auto light_state = param[1].GetFloat();
+
+            // write light state
+            if (!this->write_light(light_name, light_state)) {
+                error_unknown(res, "light", light_name);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write_reset()
+     * write_reset([name: str], ...)
+     */
+    void Lights::write_reset(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // check light cache
+        if (!this->lights) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get params
+        auto params = req.params.GetArray();
+
+        // write_reset()
+        if (params.Size() == 0) {
+            if (lights != nullptr) {
+                for (auto &light : *this->lights) {
+                    if (light.override_enabled) {
+                        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, light.last_state);
+                        }
+                        light.override_enabled = false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // loop parameters
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (!param.IsArray()) {
+                error(res, "parameters must be arrays");
+                return;
+            }
+            if (param.Size() < 1) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsString()) {
+                error_type(res, "name", "string");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get params
+            auto light_name = param[0].GetString();
+
+            // write analog state
+            if (!this->write_light_reset(light_name)) {
+                error_unknown(res, "analog", light_name);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool Lights::write_light(std::string name, float state) {
+
+        // check light cache
+        if (!this->lights) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // find light
+        for (auto &light : *this->lights) {
+            if (light.getName() == name) {
+                light.override_state = CLAMP(state, 0.f, 1.f);
+                light.override_enabled = true;
+
+                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, state);
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // unknown light
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool Lights::write_light_reset(std::string name) {
+
+        // check light cache
+        if (!this->lights) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // find light
+        for (auto &light : *this->lights) {
+            if (light.getName() == name) {
+                light.override_enabled = false;
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // unknown light
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/lights.h b/api/modules/lights.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b174210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/lights.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Lights : public Module {
+    public:
+        Lights();
+
+    private:
+
+        // state
+        std::vector<Light> *lights;
+
+        // function definitions
+        void read(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write_reset(Request &req, Response &res);
+
+        // helper
+        bool write_light(std::string name, float state);
+        bool write_light_reset(std::string name);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/memory.cpp b/api/modules/memory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..217ce1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/memory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,233 @@
+#include "memory.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    // global lock to prevent simultaneous access to memory
+    static std::mutex MEMORY_LOCK;
+
+    Memory::Memory() : Module("memory", true) {
+        functions["write"] = std::bind(&Memory::write, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["read"] = std::bind(&Memory::read, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["signature"] = std::bind(&Memory::signature, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write(dll_name: str, data: hex, offset: uint)
+     */
+    void Memory::write(Request &req, Response &res) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(MEMORY_LOCK);
+
+        // check params
+        if (req.params.Size() < 3) {
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        }
+        if (!req.params[0].IsString()) {
+            return error_type(res, "dll_name", "str");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[1].IsString() || (req.params[1].GetStringLength() & 1)) {
+            return error_type(res, "data", "hex string");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[2].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "offset", "uint");
+        }
+
+        // get params
+        auto dll_name = req.params[0].GetString();
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+        auto data = req.params[1].GetString();
+        intptr_t offset = req.params[2].GetUint();
+
+        // convert data to bin
+        size_t data_bin_size = strlen(data) / 2;
+        auto data_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(data_bin_size);
+        hex2bin(data, data_bin.get());
+
+        // check if file exists in modules
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't find " + dll_path.string());
+        }
+
+        // get module
+        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_name);
+        if (!module) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't find module.");
+        }
+
+        // convert offset to RVA
+        offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, offset);
+        if (offset == ~0) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't convert offset to RVA.");
+        }
+
+        // get module information
+        MODULEINFO module_info {};
+        if (!GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), module, &module_info, sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't get module information.");
+        }
+
+        // check bounds
+        if (offset + data_bin_size >= (size_t) module_info.lpBaseOfDll + module_info.SizeOfImage) {
+            return error(res, "Data out of bounds.");
+        }
+        auto data_pos = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll) + offset;
+
+        // replace data
+        memutils::VProtectGuard guard(data_pos, data_bin_size);
+        memcpy(data_pos, data_bin.get(), data_bin_size);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * read(dll_name: str, offset: uint, size: uint)
+     */
+    void Memory::read(Request &req, Response &res) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(MEMORY_LOCK);
+
+        // check params
+        if (req.params.Size() < 3) {
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        }
+        if (!req.params[0].IsString()) {
+            return error_type(res, "dll_name", "str");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[1].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "offset", "uint");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[2].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "size", "uint");
+        }
+
+        // get params
+        auto dll_name = req.params[0].GetString();
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+        intptr_t offset = req.params[1].GetUint();
+        auto size = req.params[2].GetUint();
+
+        // check if file exists in modules
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't find " + dll_path.string());
+        }
+
+        // get module
+        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_name);
+        if (!module) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't find module.");
+        }
+
+        // convert offset to RVA
+        offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, offset);
+        if (offset == ~0) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't convert offset to RVA.");
+        }
+
+        // get module information
+        MODULEINFO module_info {};
+        if (!GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), module, &module_info, sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't get module information.");
+        }
+
+        // check bounds
+        auto max = offset + size;
+        if ((size_t) max >= (size_t) module_info.lpBaseOfDll + module_info.SizeOfImage) {
+            return error(res, "Data out of bounds.");
+        }
+
+        // read memory to hex (without virtual protect)
+        std::string hex = bin2hex((uint8_t*) module_info.lpBaseOfDll + offset, size);
+        Value hex_val(hex.c_str(), res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+        res.add_data(hex_val);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * signature(
+     *     dll_name: str,
+     *     signature: hex,
+     *     replacement: hex,
+     *     offset: uint,
+     *     usage: uint)
+     *
+     * Both signature and replacement will ignore bytes specified as "??" in the hex string.
+     * The offset specifies the offset between the found signature and the position to write the replacement to.
+     * The resulting integer is the file offset where the replacement was written to.
+     */
+    void Memory::signature(Request &req, Response &res) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(MEMORY_LOCK);
+
+        // check params
+        if (req.params.Size() < 5) {
+            return error_params_insufficient(res);
+        }
+        if (!req.params[0].IsString()) {
+            return error_type(res, "dll_name", "string");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[1].IsString() || (req.params[1].GetStringLength() & 1)) {
+            return error_type(res, "signature", "hex string");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[2].IsString() || (req.params[2].GetStringLength() & 1)) {
+            return error_type(res, "replacement", "hex string");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[3].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "offset", "uint");
+        }
+        if (!req.params[4].IsUint()) {
+            return error_type(res, "usage", "uint");
+        }
+
+        // get params
+        auto dll_name = req.params[0].GetString();
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+        auto signature = req.params[1].GetString();
+        auto replacement = req.params[2].GetString();
+        auto offset = req.params[3].GetUint();
+        auto usage = req.params[4].GetUint();
+
+        // check if file exists in modules
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't find " + dll_path.string());
+        }
+
+        // get module
+        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_name);
+        if (!module) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't find module.");
+        }
+
+        // execute
+        auto result = replace_pattern(
+                module,
+                signature,
+                replacement,
+                offset,
+                usage
+        );
+
+        // check result
+        if (!result) {
+            return error(res, std::string("Pattern not found in memory of ") + dll_name);
+        }
+
+        // convert to offset
+        auto rva = result - reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(module);
+        result = libutils::rva2offset(dll_path, rva);
+        if (result == -1) {
+            return error(res, "Couldn't convert RVA to file offset.");
+        }
+
+        // add result
+        Value result_val(result);
+        res.add_data(result_val);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/memory.h b/api/modules/memory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e08263e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/memory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Memory : public Module {
+    public:
+        Memory();
+
+    private:
+
+        // function definitions
+        void write(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void read(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void signature(Request &req, Response &res);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/touch.cpp b/api/modules/touch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca7eba2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/touch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#include "touch.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+
+using namespace std::placeholders;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    Touch::Touch() : Module("touch") {
+        is_sdvx = avs::game::is_model("KFC");
+
+        is_tdj_fhd = (avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && games::iidx::is_tdj_fhd());
+        // special case: when windowed subscreen is in use, use the original coords
+        if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+            is_tdj_fhd = false;
+        }
+
+        functions["read"] = std::bind(&Touch::read, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write"] = std::bind(&Touch::write, this, _1, _2);
+        functions["write_reset"] = std::bind(&Touch::write_reset, this, _1, _2);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * read()
+     */
+    void Touch::read(api::Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get touch points
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_get_points(touch_points);
+
+        // add state for each touch point
+        for (auto &touch : touch_points) {
+            Value state(kArrayType);
+            Value id((uint64_t) touch.id);
+            Value x((int64_t) touch.x);
+            Value y((int64_t) touch.y);
+            Value mouse((bool) touch.mouse);
+            state.PushBack(id, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(x, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(y, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            state.PushBack(mouse, res.doc()->GetAllocator());
+            res.add_data(state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write([id: uint, x: int, y: int], ...)
+     */
+    void Touch::write(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get all touch points
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (param.Size() < 3) {
+                error_params_insufficient(res);
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[0].IsUint()) {
+                error_type(res, "id", "uint");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[1].IsInt()) {
+                error_type(res, "x", "int");
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!param[2].IsInt()) {
+                error_type(res, "y", "int");
+                continue;
+            }
+            // TODO: optional mouse parameter
+
+            // get params
+            auto touch_id = param[0].GetUint();
+            auto touch_x = param[1].GetInt();
+            auto touch_y = param[2].GetInt();
+
+            apply_touch_errata(touch_x, touch_y);
+
+            touch_points.emplace_back(TouchPoint {
+                .id = touch_id,
+                .x = touch_x,
+                .y = touch_y,
+                .mouse = false,
+            });
+        }
+
+        // apply touch points
+        touch_write_points(&touch_points);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * write_reset(id: uint, ...)
+     */
+    void Touch::write_reset(Request &req, Response &res) {
+
+        // get all IDs
+        std::vector<DWORD> touch_point_ids;
+        for (Value &param : req.params.GetArray()) {
+
+            // check params
+            if (!param.IsUint()) {
+                error_type(res, "id", "uint");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // remember touch ID
+            auto touch_id = param.GetUint();
+            touch_point_ids.emplace_back(touch_id);
+        }
+
+        // remove all IDs
+        touch_remove_points(&touch_point_ids);
+    }
+
+    void Touch::apply_touch_errata(int &x, int &y) {
+        int x_raw = x;
+        int y_raw = y;
+
+        if (is_tdj_fhd) {
+            // deal with TDJ FHD resolution mismatch (upgrade 720p to 1080p)
+            // we don't know what screen is being shown on the companion and the API doesn't specify
+            // the target of the touch events so just assume it's the sub screen
+            x = x_raw * 1920 / 1280;
+            y = y_raw * 1080 / 720;
+        } else if (is_sdvx) {
+            // for exceed gear, they are both 1080p screens, but need to apply transformation
+            x = 1080 - y_raw;
+            y = x_raw;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/modules/touch.h b/api/modules/touch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfed3ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/modules/touch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "api/module.h"
+#include "api/request.h"
+
+namespace api::modules {
+
+    class Touch : public Module {
+    public:
+        Touch();
+
+    private:
+        bool is_sdvx;
+        bool is_tdj_fhd;
+
+        // function definitions
+        void read(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void write_reset(Request &req, Response &res);
+        void apply_touch_errata(int &x, int &y);
+
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/request.cpp b/api/request.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d71145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/request.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#include "request.h"
+#include "../util/logging.h"
+#include "module.h"
+
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace api {
+
+    Request::Request(rapidjson::Document &document) {
+        Value::MemberIterator it;
+        this->parse_error = false;
+
+        // get ID
+        it = document.FindMember("id");
+        if (it == document.MemberEnd() || !(*it).value.IsUint64()) {
+            log_warning("api", "Request ID is invalid");
+            this->parse_error = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        this->id = (*it).value.GetUint64();
+
+        // get module
+        it = document.FindMember("module");
+        if (it == document.MemberEnd() || !(*it).value.IsString()) {
+            log_warning("api", "Request module is invalid");
+            this->parse_error = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        this->module = (*it).value.GetString();
+
+        // get function
+        it = document.FindMember("function");
+        if (it == document.MemberEnd() || !(*it).value.IsString()) {
+            log_warning("api", "Request function is invalid");
+            this->parse_error = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        this->function = (*it).value.GetString();
+
+        // get params
+        it = document.FindMember("params");
+        if (it == document.MemberEnd() || !(*it).value.IsArray()) {
+            log_warning("api", "Request params is invalid");
+            this->parse_error = true;
+            return;
+        }
+        this->params = document["params"];
+
+        // log request
+        if (LOGGING) {
+            log_info("api", "new request > id: {}, module: {}, function: {}",
+                    this->id, this->module, this->function);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/request.h b/api/request.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a073c1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/request.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+
+namespace api {
+
+    class Request {
+    public:
+        uint64_t id;
+        std::string module;
+        std::string function;
+        rapidjson::Value params;
+        bool parse_error;
+
+        Request(rapidjson::Document &document);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/arduino/README.md b/api/resources/arduino/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f41cc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/arduino/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# SpiceAPI Arduino Library
+This library is still a bit experimental and might contain bugs.
+
+To use this library, it's recommended to just copy the Arduino project and start from that.
diff --git a/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/connection.h b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bf03a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_CONNECTION_H
+#define SPICEAPI_CONNECTION_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include "rc4.h"
+
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_INTERFACE
+#define SPICEAPI_INTERFACE Serial
+#endif
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+
+    class Connection {
+    private:
+        uint8_t* receive_buffer;
+        size_t receive_buffer_size;
+        const char* password;
+        RC4* cipher;
+
+    public:
+        Connection(size_t receive_buffer_size, const char* password = "");
+        ~Connection();
+
+        void reset();
+
+        bool check();
+        void cipher_alloc(const char *session_key = nullptr);
+        void change_pass(const char* password, bool session = false);
+        const char* request(const char* json, size_t timeout = 1000);
+        const char* request(char* json, size_t timeout = 1000);
+    };
+}
+
+spiceapi::Connection::Connection(size_t receive_buffer_size, const char* password) {
+    this->receive_buffer = new uint8_t[receive_buffer_size];
+    this->receive_buffer_size = receive_buffer_size;
+    this->password = password;
+    this->cipher = nullptr;
+    this->reset();
+}
+
+spiceapi::Connection::~Connection() {
+
+    // clean up
+    if (this->cipher != nullptr)
+        delete this->cipher;
+}
+
+void spiceapi::Connection::reset() {
+
+    // drop all input
+    while (SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.available()) {
+        SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.read();
+    }
+
+#ifdef SPICEAPI_INTERFACE_WIFICLIENT
+    // reconnect TCP client
+    SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.stop();
+    this->check();
+#else
+    // 8 zeroes reset the password/session on serial
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+        SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.write((int) 0);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // reset password
+    this->cipher_alloc();
+}
+
+void spiceapi::Connection::cipher_alloc(const char *session_key) {
+
+    // delete old cipher
+    if (this->cipher != nullptr) {
+        delete this->cipher;
+        this->cipher = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // create new cipher if password is set
+    session_key = session_key ? session_key : this->password;
+    if (strlen(session_key) > 0) {
+        this->cipher = new RC4(
+                (uint8_t *) session_key,
+                strlen(session_key));
+    }
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::Connection::check() {
+#ifdef SPICEAPI_INTERFACE_WIFICLIENT
+    if (!SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.connected()) {
+        return SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.connect(
+            SPICEAPI_INTERFACE_WIFICLIENT_HOST,
+            SPICEAPI_INTERFACE_WIFICLIENT_PORT);
+    } else {
+        return true;
+    }
+#else
+    // serial is always valid
+    return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+void spiceapi::Connection::change_pass(const char* password, bool session) {
+    if (!session) {
+        this->password = password;
+    }
+    this->cipher_alloc(password);
+}
+
+const char* spiceapi::Connection::request(const char* json, size_t timeout) {
+    auto json_len = strlen(json);
+    strncpy((char*) receive_buffer, json, receive_buffer_size);
+    return request((char*) receive_buffer, timeout);
+}
+
+const char* spiceapi::Connection::request(char* json_data, size_t timeout) {
+
+    // check connection
+    if (!this->check())
+        return "";
+
+    // crypt
+    auto json_len = strlen(json_data) + 1;
+    if (this->cipher != nullptr)
+        this->cipher->crypt((uint8_t*) json_data, json_len);
+
+    // send
+    auto send_result = SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.write((const char*) json_data, (int) json_len);
+    SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.flush();
+    if (send_result < (int) json_len) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    // receive
+    size_t receive_data_len = 0;
+    auto t_start = millis();
+    while (SPICEAPI_INTERFACE) {
+
+        // check for timeout
+        if (millis() - t_start > timeout) {
+            this->reset();
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        // read single byte
+        auto b = SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.read();
+        if (b < 0) continue;
+        receive_buffer[receive_data_len++] = b;
+
+        // check for buffer overflow
+        if (receive_data_len >= receive_buffer_size) {
+            this->reset();
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        // crypt
+        if (this->cipher != nullptr)
+            this->cipher->crypt(&receive_buffer[receive_data_len - 1], 1);
+
+        // check for message end
+        if (receive_buffer[receive_data_len - 1] == 0)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // return resulting json
+    return (const char*) &receive_buffer[0];
+}
+
+#endif //SPICEAPI_CONNECTION_H
diff --git a/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/rc4.h b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/rc4.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..efeb36f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/rc4.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_RC4_H
+#define SPICEAPI_RC4_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+
+    class RC4 {
+    private:
+        uint8_t s_box[256];
+        size_t a = 0, b = 0;
+
+    public:
+
+        RC4(uint8_t *key, size_t key_size);
+
+        void crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t size);
+    };
+}
+
+spiceapi::RC4::RC4(uint8_t *key, size_t key_size) {
+
+    // initialize S-BOX
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(s_box); i++)
+        s_box[i] = (uint8_t) i;
+
+    // check key size
+    if (!key_size)
+        return;
+
+    // KSA
+    size_t j = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(s_box); i++) {
+
+        // update
+        j = (j + s_box[i] + key[i % key_size]) % sizeof(s_box);
+
+        // swap
+        auto tmp = s_box[i];
+        s_box[i] = s_box[j];
+        s_box[j] = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+void spiceapi::RC4::crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
+
+    // iterate all bytes
+    for (size_t pos = 0; pos < size; pos++) {
+
+        // update
+        a = (a + 1) % sizeof(s_box);
+        b = (b + s_box[a]) % sizeof(s_box);
+
+        // swap
+        auto tmp = s_box[a];
+        s_box[a] = s_box[b];
+        s_box[b] = tmp;
+
+        // crypt
+        data[pos] ^= s_box[(s_box[a] + s_box[b]) % sizeof(s_box)];
+    }
+}
+
+#endif //SPICEAPI_RC4_H
diff --git a/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/spiceapi.ino b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/spiceapi.ino
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cb063c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/spiceapi.ino
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/*
+ * SpiceAPI Arduino Example Project
+ * 
+ * To enable it in SpiceTools, use "-api 1337 -apipass changeme -apiserial COM1" or similar.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * SpiceAPI Wrapper Buffer Sizes
+ * 
+ * They should be as big as possible to be able to create/parse
+ * some of the bigger requests/responses. Due to dynamic memory
+ * limitations of some weaker devices, if you set them too high
+ * you will probably experience crashes/bugs/problems, one
+ * example would be "Request ID is invalid" in the log.
+ */
+#define SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE 256
+#define SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE_STR 256
+
+/*
+ * WiFi Support
+ * Uncomment to enable the wireless API interface.
+ */
+//#define ENABLE_WIFI
+
+/*
+ * WiFi Settings
+ * You can ignore these if you don't plan on using WiFi
+ */
+#ifdef ENABLE_WIFI
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+WiFiClient client;
+#define SPICEAPI_INTERFACE client
+#define SPICEAPI_INTERFACE_WIFICLIENT
+#define SPICEAPI_INTERFACE_WIFICLIENT_HOST "192.168.178.143"
+#define SPICEAPI_INTERFACE_WIFICLIENT_PORT 1337
+#define WIFI_SSID "MySSID"
+#define WIFI_PASS "MyWifiPassword"
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * This is the interface a serial connection will use.
+ * You can change this to another Serial port, e.g. with an
+ * Arduino Mega you can use Serial1/Serial2/Serial3.
+ */
+#ifndef ENABLE_WIFI
+#define SPICEAPI_INTERFACE Serial
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * SpiceAPI Includes
+ * 
+ * If you have the JSON strings beforehands or want to craft them
+ * manually, you don't have to import the wrappers at all and can
+ * use Connection::request to send and receive raw JSON strings.
+ */
+#include "connection.h"
+#include "wrappers.h"
+
+/*
+ * This global object represents the API connection.
+ * The first parameter is the buffer size of the JSON string
+ * we're receiving. So a size of 512 will only be able to
+ * hold a JSON of 512 characters maximum.
+ * 
+ * An empty password string means no password is being used.
+ * This is the recommended when using Serial only.
+ */
+spiceapi::Connection CON(512, "changeme");
+
+void setup() {
+
+#ifdef ENABLE_WIFI
+
+  /*
+   * When using WiFi, we can use the Serial interface for debugging.
+   * You can open Serial Monitor and see what IP it gets assigned to.
+   */
+  Serial.begin(57600);
+
+  // set WiFi mode to station (disables integrated AP)
+  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
+
+  // now try connecting to our Router/AP
+  Serial.print("Connecting");
+  WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASS);
+  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
+    delay(500);
+    Serial.print(".");
+  }
+
+  // print debug info over serial
+  Serial.print("\nLocal IP: ");
+  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
+  
+#else
+
+  /*
+   * Since the API makes use of the Serial module, we need to
+   * set it up using our preferred baud rate manually.
+   */
+  SPICEAPI_INTERFACE.begin(57600);
+  while (!SPICEAPI_INTERFACE);
+  
+#endif
+}
+
+void loop() {
+
+  /*
+   * Here's a few tests/examples on how to make use of the wrappers.
+   */
+
+  // insert cards for P1/P2
+  spiceapi::card_insert(CON, 0, "E004012345678901");
+  spiceapi::card_insert(CON, 1, "E004012345678902");
+  
+  // insert a single coin / multiple coins
+  spiceapi::coin_insert(CON);
+  spiceapi::coin_insert(CON, 3);
+
+  // get the IIDX led ticker text
+  char ticker[9];
+  if (spiceapi::iidx_ticker_get(CON, ticker)) {
+    // if a function returns true, that means success
+    // now we can do something with the ticker as if it was a string
+    //Serial1.println(ticker);
+  }
+
+  // get AVS info
+  spiceapi::InfoAvs avs_info {};
+  if (spiceapi::info_avs(CON, avs_info)) {
+    //Serial1.println(avs_info.model);
+  }
+
+  // enter some keys on P1 keypad (blocks until sequence is entered fully)
+  spiceapi::keypads_write(CON, 0, "1234");
+
+  // get light states
+  spiceapi::LightState lights[8];
+  size_t lights_size = spiceapi::lights_read(CON, lights, 8);
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < lights_size; i++) {
+    auto &light = lights[i];
+    //Serial1.println(light.name);
+    //Serial1.println(light.value);
+
+    // modify value to full bright
+    light.value = 1.f;
+  }
+
+  // send back modified light states
+  spiceapi::lights_write(CON, lights, lights_size);
+  
+  // refresh session (generates new crypt key, not that important for serial)
+  spiceapi::control_session_refresh(CON);
+
+  // you can also manually send requests without the wrappers
+  // this avoids json generation, but you still need to parse it in some way
+  const char *answer_json = CON.request(
+    "{"
+    "\"id\": 0,"
+    "\"module\":\"coin\","
+    "\"function\":\"insert\","
+    "\"params\":[]"
+    "}"
+  );
+
+  /*
+   * For more functions/information, just check out wrappers.h yourself.
+   * Have fun :)
+   */
+   delay(5000);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/wrappers.h b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/wrappers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..647d25e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/arduino/spiceapi/wrappers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_WRAPPERS_H
+#define SPICEAPI_WRAPPERS_H
+
+#define ARDUINOJSON_USE_LONG_LONG 1
+#include "ArduinoJson.h"
+
+#include <Arduino.h>
+#include "connection.h"
+
+// default buffer sizes
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE
+#define SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE 256
+#endif
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE_STR
+#define SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE_STR 256
+#endif
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+    
+     /*
+      * Structs
+      */
+
+    struct AnalogState {
+        String name = "";
+        float value = 0.f;
+        bool enabled = false;
+    };
+
+    struct ButtonState {
+        String name = "";
+        float value = 0.f;
+        bool enabled = false;
+    };
+
+    struct LightState {
+        String name = "";
+        float value = 0.f;
+        bool enabled = false;
+    };
+
+    struct InfoAvs {
+        String model, dest, spec, rev, ext;
+    };
+
+    struct InfoLauncher {
+        String version;
+        String compile_date, compile_time, system_time;
+        String args;
+    };
+
+    struct InfoMemory {
+        uint64_t mem_total, mem_total_used, mem_used;
+        uint64_t vmem_total, vmem_total_used, vmem_used;
+    };
+
+    struct TouchState {
+        uint64_t id;
+        int64_t x, y;
+    };
+    
+    // static storage
+    char JSON_BUFFER_STR[SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE_STR];
+    
+     /*
+      * Helpers
+      */
+    
+    uint64_t msg_gen_id() {
+        static uint64_t id_global = 0;
+        return ++id_global;
+    }
+
+    char *doc2str(DynamicJsonDocument *doc) {
+        char *buf = JSON_BUFFER_STR;
+        serializeJson(*doc, buf, SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE_STR);
+        return buf;
+    }
+
+    DynamicJsonDocument *request_gen(const char *module, const char *function) {
+
+        // create document
+        auto doc = new DynamicJsonDocument(SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
+
+        // add attributes
+        (*doc)["id"] = msg_gen_id();
+        (*doc)["module"] = module;
+        (*doc)["function"] = function;
+
+        // add params
+        (*doc).createNestedArray("params");
+
+        // return document
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    DynamicJsonDocument *response_get(Connection &con, const char *json) {
+
+        // parse document
+        DynamicJsonDocument *doc = new DynamicJsonDocument(SPICEAPI_WRAPPER_BUFFER_SIZE);
+        auto err = deserializeJson(*doc, (char *) json);
+
+        // check for parse error
+        if (err) {
+            
+            // reset cipher
+            con.cipher_alloc();
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check id
+        if (!(*doc)["id"].is<int64_t>()) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check errors
+        auto errors = (*doc)["errors"];
+        if (!errors.is<JsonArray>()) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check error count
+        if (errors.as<JsonArray>().size() > 0) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check data
+        if (!(*doc)["data"].is<JsonArray>()) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // return document
+        return doc;
+    }
+    
+    /*
+     * Wrappers
+     */
+
+    size_t analogs_read(Connection &con, AnalogState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("analogs", "read");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return 0;
+        
+        auto data = (*res)["data"].as<JsonArray>();
+        size_t buffer_count = 0;
+        for (auto val : data) {
+            if (buffer_count >= buffer_elements) {
+                delete res;
+                return buffer_count;
+            }
+            buffer[buffer_count].name = (const char*) val[0];
+            buffer[buffer_count].value = val[1];
+            buffer[buffer_count].enabled = val[2];
+            buffer_count++;
+        }
+        delete res;
+        return buffer_count;
+    }
+
+    bool analogs_write(Connection &con, AnalogState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("analogs", "write");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.name);
+            data.add(state.value);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool analogs_write_reset(Connection &con, AnalogState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("analogs", "write_reset");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.name);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    size_t buttons_read(Connection &con, ButtonState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("buttons", "read");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return 0;
+        
+        auto data = (*res)["data"].as<JsonArray>();
+        size_t buffer_count = 0;
+        for (auto val : data) {
+            if (buffer_count >= buffer_elements) {
+                delete res;
+                return buffer_count;
+            }
+            buffer[buffer_count].name = (const char*) val[0];
+            buffer[buffer_count].value = val[1];
+            buffer[buffer_count].enabled = val[2];
+            buffer_count++;
+        }
+        delete res;
+        return buffer_count;
+    }
+
+    bool buttons_write(Connection &con, ButtonState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("buttons", "write");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.name);
+            data.add(state.value);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool buttons_write_reset(Connection &con, ButtonState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("buttons", "write_reset");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.name);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool card_insert(Connection &con, size_t index, const char *card_id) {
+        auto req = request_gen("card", "insert");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(index);
+        params.add(card_id);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    bool coin_get(Connection &con, int &coins) {
+        auto req = request_gen("coin", "insert");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        coins = (*res)["data"][0];
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool coin_set(Connection &con, int coins) {
+        auto req = request_gen("coin", "set");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(coins);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool coin_insert(Connection &con, int coins=1) {
+        auto req = request_gen("coin", "insert");
+        if (coins != 1) {
+            auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+            params.add(coins);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool control_raise(Connection &con, const char *signal) {
+        auto req = request_gen("control", "raise");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(signal);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool control_exit(Connection &con) {
+        auto req = request_gen("control", "exit");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool control_exit(Connection &con, int exit_code) {
+        auto req = request_gen("control", "exit");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(exit_code);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool control_restart(Connection &con) {
+        auto req = request_gen("control", "restart");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool control_session_refresh(Connection &con) {
+        auto req = request_gen("control", "session_refresh");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        const char *key = (*res)["data"][0];
+        con.change_pass(key, true);
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool control_shutdown(Connection &con) {
+        auto req = request_gen("control", "shutdown");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool control_reboot(Connection &con) {
+        auto req = request_gen("control", "reboot");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool iidx_ticker_get(Connection &con, char *ticker) {
+        auto req = request_gen("iidx", "ticker_get");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        const char *data = (*res)["data"][0];
+        strncpy(ticker, data, 9);
+        ticker[9] = 0x00;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool iidx_ticker_set(Connection &con, const char *ticker) {
+        auto req = request_gen("iidx", "ticker_set");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(ticker);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool iidx_ticker_reset(Connection &con) {
+        auto req = request_gen("iidx", "ticker_reset");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool info_avs(Connection &con, InfoAvs &info) {
+        auto req = request_gen("info", "avs");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        auto data = (*res)["data"][0];
+        info.model = (const char*) data["model"];
+        info.dest = (const char*) data["dest"];
+        info.spec = (const char*) data["spec"];
+        info.rev = (const char*) data["rev"];
+        info.ext = (const char*) data["ext"];
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    bool info_launcher(Connection &con, InfoLauncher &info) {
+        auto req = request_gen("info", "launcher");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        auto data = (*res)["data"][0];
+        info.version = (const char*) data["version"];
+        info.compile_date = (const char*) data["compile_date"];
+        info.compile_time = (const char*) data["compile_time"];
+        info.system_time = (const char*) data["system_time"];
+        for (auto arg : data["args"].as<JsonArray>()) {
+            info.args += (const char*) arg;
+            info.args += " ";
+            // TODO: remove last space
+        }
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool info_memory(Connection &con, InfoMemory &info) {
+        auto req = request_gen("info", "memory");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        auto data = (*res)["data"][0];
+        info.mem_total = data["mem_total"];
+        info.mem_total_used = data["mem_total_used"];
+        info.mem_used = data["mem_used"];
+        info.vmem_total = data["vmem_total"];
+        info.vmem_total_used = data["vmem_total_used"];
+        info.vmem_used = data["vmem_used"];
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool keypads_write(Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, const char *input) {
+        auto req = request_gen("keypads", "write");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(keypad);
+        params.add(input);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str, 1000 + strlen(input) * 300));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool keypads_set(Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, const char *keys) {
+        auto keys_len = strlen(keys);
+        auto req = request_gen("keypads", "set");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(keypad);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < keys_len; i++) {
+            char buf[] = {keys[i], 0x00};
+            params.add(buf);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool keypads_get(Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, char *keys, size_t keys_len) {
+        auto req = request_gen("keypads", "get");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(keypad);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        for (auto key : (*res)["data"].as<JsonArray>()) {
+            const char *key_str = key;
+            if (key_str != nullptr && keys_len > 0) {
+                *(keys++) = key_str[0];
+                keys_len--;
+            }
+        }
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    size_t lights_read(Connection &con, LightState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("lights", "read");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return 0;
+        
+        auto data = (*res)["data"].as<JsonArray>();
+        size_t buffer_count = 0;
+        for (auto val : data) {
+            if (buffer_count >= buffer_elements) {
+                delete res;
+                return buffer_count;
+            }
+            buffer[buffer_count].name = (const char*) val[0];
+            buffer[buffer_count].value = val[1];
+            buffer[buffer_count].enabled = val[2];
+            buffer_count++;
+        }
+        delete res;
+        return buffer_count;
+    }
+
+    bool lights_write(Connection &con, LightState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("lights", "write");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.name);
+            data.add(state.value);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool lights_write_reset(Connection &con, LightState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("lights", "write_reset");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.name);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool memory_write(Connection &con, const char *dll_name, const char *hex, uint32_t offset) {
+        auto req = request_gen("memory", "write");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(dll_name);
+        params.add(hex);
+        params.add(offset);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool memory_read(Connection &con, const char *dll_name, uint32_t offset, uint32_t size, String &hex) {
+        auto req = request_gen("memory", "read");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(dll_name);
+        params.add(offset);
+        params.add(size);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        hex = (const char*) (*res)["data"][0];
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool memory_signature(Connection &con, const char *dll_name, const char *signature,
+                                    const char *replacement, uint32_t offset, uint32_t usage, uint32_t &file_offset) {
+        auto req = request_gen("memory", "signature");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        params.add(dll_name);
+        params.add(signature);
+        params.add(replacement);
+        params.add(offset);
+        params.add(usage);
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        file_offset = (*res)["data"][0];
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    size_t touch_read(Connection &con, TouchState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("touch", "read");
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return 0;
+        
+        auto data = (*res)["data"].as<JsonArray>();
+        size_t buffer_count = 0;
+        for (auto val : data) {
+            if (buffer_count >= buffer_elements) {
+                delete res;
+                return buffer_count;
+            }
+            buffer[buffer_count].id = val[0];
+            buffer[buffer_count].x = val[1];
+            buffer[buffer_count].y = val[2];
+            buffer_count++;
+        }
+        delete res;
+        return buffer_count;
+    }
+
+    bool touch_write(Connection &con, TouchState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("touch", "write");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.id);
+            data.add(state.x);
+            data.add(state.y);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool touch_write_reset(Connection &con, TouchState *buffer, size_t buffer_elements) {
+        auto req = request_gen("touch", "write_reset");
+        auto params = (*req)["params"].as<JsonArray>();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_elements; i++) {
+            auto &state = buffer[i];
+            auto data = params.createNestedArray();
+            data.add(state.id);
+        }
+        auto req_str = doc2str(req);
+        delete req;
+        auto res = response_get(con, con.request(req_str));
+        if (!res)
+            return false;
+        delete res;
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif //SPICEAPI_WRAPPERS_H
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/README.md b/api/resources/cpp/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..979bb7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# SpiceAPI C++ Library
+This library is still a bit experimental and might contain bugs.
+
+To include it into your project, it's recommended to just copy the
+files into your source directory.
+
+To use the wrappers, RapidJSON is required and you might need to
+adjust the include paths for your project's build.
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/LICENSE b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68a49da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/connection.cpp b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/connection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29243db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/connection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#include <iostream>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#include "connection.h"
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+
+    // settings
+    static const size_t RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE = 64 * 1024;
+    static const int RECEIVE_TIMEOUT = 1000;
+}
+
+spiceapi::Connection::Connection(std::string host, uint16_t port, std::string password) {
+    this->host = host;
+    this->port = port;
+    this->password = password;
+    this->socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
+    this->cipher = nullptr;
+
+    // WSA startup
+    WSADATA wsa_data;
+    int error = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa_data);
+    if (error) {
+        std::cerr << "Failed to start WSA: " << error << std::endl;
+        exit(1);
+    }
+}
+
+spiceapi::Connection::~Connection() {
+
+    // clean up
+    if (this->cipher != nullptr)
+        delete this->cipher;
+
+    // cleanup WSA
+    WSACleanup();
+}
+
+void spiceapi::Connection::cipher_alloc() {
+
+    // delete old cipher
+    if (this->cipher != nullptr) {
+        delete this->cipher;
+        this->cipher = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // create new cipher if password is set
+    if (this->password.length() > 0) {
+        this->cipher = new RC4(
+                (uint8_t *) this->password.c_str(),
+                strlen(this->password.c_str()));
+    }
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::Connection::check() {
+    int result = 0;
+
+    // check if socket is invalid
+    if (this->socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+
+        // get all addresses
+        addrinfo *addr_list;
+        addrinfo hints{};
+        hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+        hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+        if ((result = getaddrinfo(
+                this->host.c_str(),
+                std::to_string(this->port).c_str(),
+                &hints,
+                &addr_list))) {
+            std::cerr << "getaddrinfo failed: " << result << std::endl;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check all addresses
+        for (addrinfo *addr = addr_list; addr != NULL; addr = addr->ai_next) {
+
+            // try open socket
+            this->socket = ::socket(addr->ai_family, addr->ai_socktype, addr->ai_protocol);
+            if (this->socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+                std::cerr << "socket failed: " << WSAGetLastError() << std::endl;
+                freeaddrinfo(addr_list);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // try connect
+            result = connect(this->socket, addr->ai_addr, (int) addr->ai_addrlen);
+            if (result == SOCKET_ERROR) {
+                closesocket(this->socket);
+                this->socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // configure socket
+            int opt_val;
+            opt_val = 1;
+            setsockopt(this->socket, IPPROTO_TCP, TCP_NODELAY, (const char*) &opt_val, sizeof(opt_val));
+            opt_val = RECEIVE_TIMEOUT;
+            setsockopt(this->socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVTIMEO, (const char*) &opt_val, sizeof(opt_val));
+
+            // connection successful
+            this->cipher_alloc();
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // check if successful
+        freeaddrinfo(addr_list);
+        if (this->socket == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // socket probably still valid
+    return true;
+}
+
+void spiceapi::Connection::change_pass(std::string password) {
+    this->password = password;
+    this->cipher_alloc();
+}
+
+std::string spiceapi::Connection::request(std::string json) {
+
+    // check connection
+    if (!this->check())
+        return "";
+
+    // crypt
+    auto json_len = strlen(json.c_str()) + 1;
+    uint8_t* json_data = new uint8_t[json_len];
+    memcpy(json_data, json.c_str(), json_len);
+    if (this->cipher != nullptr)
+        this->cipher->crypt(json_data, json_len);
+
+    // send
+    auto send_result = send(this->socket, (const char*) json_data, (int) json_len, 0);
+    delete[] json_data;
+    if (send_result == SOCKET_ERROR || send_result < (int) json_len) {
+        closesocket(this->socket);
+        this->socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    // receive
+    uint8_t receive_data[RECEIVE_BUFFER_SIZE];
+    size_t receive_data_len = 0;
+    int receive_result;
+    while ((receive_result = recv(
+            this->socket,
+            (char*) &receive_data[receive_data_len],
+            sizeof(receive_data) - receive_data_len, 0)) > 0) {
+
+        // check for buffer overflow
+        if (receive_data_len + receive_result >= sizeof(receive_data)) {
+            closesocket(this->socket);
+            this->socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
+            return "";
+        }
+
+        // crypt
+        if (this->cipher != nullptr)
+            this->cipher->crypt(&receive_data[receive_data_len], (size_t) receive_result);
+
+        // increase received data length
+        receive_data_len += receive_result;
+
+        // check for message end
+        if (receive_data[receive_data_len - 1] == 0)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // return resulting json
+    if (receive_data_len > 0) {
+        return std::string((const char *) &receive_data[0], receive_data_len - 1);
+    } else {
+
+        // receive error
+        this->socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
+        return "";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/connection.h b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a747584
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_CONNECTION_H
+#define SPICEAPI_CONNECTION_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include "rc4.h"
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+
+    class Connection {
+    private:
+        std::string host;
+        uint16_t port;
+        std::string password;
+        SOCKET socket;
+        RC4* cipher;
+
+        void cipher_alloc();
+
+    public:
+        Connection(std::string host, uint16_t port, std::string password = "");
+        ~Connection();
+
+        bool check();
+        void change_pass(std::string password);
+        std::string request(std::string json);
+
+    };
+}
+
+#endif //SPICEAPI_CONNECTION_H
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/rc4.cpp b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/rc4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8e06f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/rc4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "rc4.h"
+#include <iterator>
+
+spiceapi::RC4::RC4(uint8_t *key, size_t key_size) {
+
+    // initialize S-BOX
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(s_box); i++)
+        s_box[i] = (uint8_t) i;
+
+    // check key size
+    if (!key_size)
+        return;
+
+    // KSA
+    size_t j = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(s_box); i++) {
+
+        // update
+        j = (j + s_box[i] + key[i % key_size]) % std::size(s_box);
+
+        // swap
+        auto tmp = s_box[i];
+        s_box[i] = s_box[j];
+        s_box[j] = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+void spiceapi::RC4::crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
+
+    // iterate all bytes
+    for (size_t pos = 0; pos < size; pos++) {
+
+        // update
+        a = (a + 1) % std::size(s_box);
+        b = (b + s_box[a]) % std::size(s_box);
+
+        // swap
+        auto tmp = s_box[a];
+        s_box[a] = s_box[b];
+        s_box[b] = tmp;
+
+        // crypt
+        data[pos] ^= s_box[(s_box[a] + s_box[b]) % std::size(s_box)];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/rc4.h b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/rc4.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39e04e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/rc4.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_RC4_H
+#define SPICEAPI_RC4_H
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+
+    class RC4 {
+    private:
+        uint8_t s_box[256];
+        size_t a = 0, b = 0;
+
+    public:
+
+        RC4(uint8_t *key, size_t key_size);
+
+        void crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t size);
+    };
+}
+
+#endif //SPICEAPI_RC4_H
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/wrappers.cpp b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/wrappers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74518d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/wrappers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,638 @@
+#include "wrappers.h"
+#include <random>
+#include <string>
+
+/*
+ * RapidJSON dependency
+ * You might need to adjust the paths when importing into your own project.
+ */
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/writer.h"
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+
+    static inline std::string doc2str(Document &doc) {
+        StringBuffer sb;
+        rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(sb);
+        doc.Accept(writer);
+        return sb.GetString();
+    }
+
+    static inline Document request_gen(const char *module, const char *function) {
+
+        // create document
+        Document doc;
+        doc.SetObject();
+
+        // add attributes
+        auto &alloc = doc.GetAllocator();
+        doc.AddMember("id", msg_gen_id(), alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("module", StringRef(module), alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("function", StringRef(function), alloc);
+
+        // add params
+        Value noparam(kArrayType);
+        doc.AddMember("params", noparam, alloc);
+
+        // return document
+        return doc;
+    }
+
+    static inline Document *response_get(std::string json) {
+
+        // parse document
+        Document *doc = new Document();
+        doc->Parse(json.c_str());
+
+        // check for parse error
+        if (doc->HasParseError()) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check id
+        auto it_id = doc->FindMember("id");
+        if (it_id == doc->MemberEnd() || !(*it_id).value.IsUint64()) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check errors
+        auto it_errors = doc->FindMember("errors");
+        if (it_errors == doc->MemberEnd() || !(*it_errors).value.IsArray()) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check error count
+        if ((*it_errors).value.Size() > 0) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check data
+        auto it_data = doc->FindMember("data");
+        if (it_data == doc->MemberEnd() || !(*it_data).value.IsArray()) {
+            delete doc;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // return document
+        return doc;
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t spiceapi::msg_gen_id() {
+    static uint64_t id_global = 0;
+
+    // check if global ID was initialized
+    if (id_global == 0) {
+
+        // generate a new ID
+        std::random_device rd;
+        std::mt19937_64 gen(rd());
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<uint64_t> dist(1, (uint64_t) std::llround(std::pow(2, 63)));
+        id_global = dist(gen);
+
+    } else {
+
+        // increase by one
+        id_global++;
+    }
+
+    // return global ID
+    return id_global;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::analogs_read(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::AnalogState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("analogs", "read");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"];
+    for (auto &val : data.GetArray()) {
+        AnalogState state;
+        state.name = val[0].GetString();
+        state.value = val[1].GetFloat();
+        states.push_back(state);
+    }
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::analogs_write(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::AnalogState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("analogs", "write");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states) {
+        Value state_val(kArrayType);
+        state_val.PushBack(StringRef(state.name.c_str()), alloc);
+        state_val.PushBack(state.value, alloc);
+        params.PushBack(state_val, alloc);
+    }
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::analogs_write_reset(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::AnalogState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("analogs", "write_reset");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states) {
+        Value state_val(kArrayType);
+        state_val.PushBack(StringRef(state.name.c_str()), alloc);
+        params.PushBack(state_val, alloc);
+    }
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::buttons_read(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::ButtonState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("buttons", "read");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"];
+    for (auto &val : data.GetArray()) {
+        ButtonState state;
+        state.name = val[0].GetString();
+        state.value = val[1].GetFloat();
+        states.push_back(state);
+    }
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::buttons_write(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::ButtonState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("buttons", "write");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states) {
+        Value state_val(kArrayType);
+        state_val.PushBack(StringRef(state.name.c_str()), alloc);
+        state_val.PushBack(state.value, alloc);
+        params.PushBack(state_val, alloc);
+    }
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::buttons_write_reset(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::ButtonState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("buttons", "write_reset");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states) {
+        Value state_val(kArrayType);
+        state_val.PushBack(StringRef(state.name.c_str()), alloc);
+        params.PushBack(state_val, alloc);
+    }
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::card_insert(spiceapi::Connection &con, size_t index, const char *card_id) {
+    auto req = request_gen("card", "insert");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(index, alloc);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(card_id), alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::coin_get(Connection &con, int &coins) {
+    auto req = request_gen("coin", "get");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    coins = (*res)["data"][0].GetInt();
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::coin_set(Connection &con, int coins) {
+    auto req = request_gen("coin", "set");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(coins, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::coin_insert(Connection &con, int coins) {
+    auto req = request_gen("coin", "insert");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(coins, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::coin_blocker_get(Connection &con, bool &closed) {
+    auto req = request_gen("coin", "blocker_get");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    closed = (*res)["data"][0].GetBool();
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::control_raise(spiceapi::Connection &con, const char *signal) {
+    auto req = request_gen("control", "raise");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(signal), alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::control_exit(spiceapi::Connection &con) {
+    auto req = request_gen("control", "exit");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::control_exit(spiceapi::Connection &con, int exit_code) {
+    auto req = request_gen("control", "exit");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(exit_code, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::control_restart(spiceapi::Connection &con) {
+    auto req = request_gen("control", "restart");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::control_session_refresh(spiceapi::Connection &con) {
+    auto req = request_gen("control", "session_refresh");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto key = (*res)["data"][0].GetString();
+    con.change_pass(key);
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::control_shutdown(spiceapi::Connection &con) {
+    auto req = request_gen("control", "shutdown");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::control_reboot(spiceapi::Connection &con) {
+    auto req = request_gen("control", "reboot");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::iidx_ticker_get(spiceapi::Connection &con, char *ticker) {
+    auto req = request_gen("iidx", "ticker_get");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto data = (*res)["data"][0].GetString();
+    strncpy(ticker, data, 9);
+    ticker[9] = 0x00;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::iidx_ticker_set(spiceapi::Connection &con, const char *ticker) {
+    auto req = request_gen("iidx", "ticker_set");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(ticker), alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::iidx_ticker_reset(spiceapi::Connection &con) {
+    auto req = request_gen("iidx", "ticker_reset");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::info_avs(spiceapi::Connection &con, spiceapi::InfoAvs &info) {
+    auto req = request_gen("info", "avs");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"][0];
+    info.model = data["model"].GetString();
+    info.dest = data["dest"].GetString();
+    info.spec = data["spec"].GetString();
+    info.rev = data["rev"].GetString();
+    info.ext = data["ext"].GetString();
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::info_launcher(spiceapi::Connection &con, spiceapi::InfoLauncher &info) {
+    auto req = request_gen("info", "launcher");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"][0];
+    info.version = data["version"].GetString();
+    info.compile_date = data["compile_date"].GetString();
+    info.compile_time = data["compile_time"].GetString();
+    info.system_time = data["system_time"].GetString();
+    for (auto &arg : data["args"].GetArray())
+        info.args.push_back(arg.GetString());
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::info_memory(spiceapi::Connection &con, spiceapi::InfoMemory &info) {
+    auto req = request_gen("info", "memory");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"][0];
+    info.mem_total = data["mem_total"].GetUint64();
+    info.mem_total_used = data["mem_total_used"].GetUint64();
+    info.mem_used = data["mem_used"].GetUint64();
+    info.vmem_total = data["vmem_total"].GetUint64();
+    info.vmem_total_used = data["vmem_total_used"].GetUint64();
+    info.vmem_used = data["vmem_used"].GetUint64();
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::keypads_write(spiceapi::Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, const char *input) {
+    auto req = request_gen("keypads", "write");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(keypad, alloc);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(input), alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::keypads_set(spiceapi::Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, std::vector<char> &keys) {
+    auto req = request_gen("keypads", "set");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(keypad, alloc);
+    for (auto &key : keys)
+        params.PushBack(StringRef(&key, 1), alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::keypads_get(spiceapi::Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, std::vector<char> &keys) {
+    auto req = request_gen("keypads", "get");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(keypad, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"];
+    for (auto &val : data.GetArray())
+        keys.push_back(val.GetString()[0]);
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::lights_read(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::LightState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("lights", "read");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"];
+    for (auto &val : data.GetArray()) {
+        LightState state;
+        state.name = val[0].GetString();
+        state.value = val[1].GetFloat();
+        states.push_back(state);
+    }
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::lights_write(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::LightState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("lights", "write");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states) {
+        Value state_val(kArrayType);
+        state_val.PushBack(StringRef(state.name.c_str()), alloc);
+        state_val.PushBack(state.value, alloc);
+        params.PushBack(state_val, alloc);
+    }
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::lights_write_reset(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::LightState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("lights", "write_reset");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states) {
+        Value state_val(kArrayType);
+        state_val.PushBack(StringRef(state.name.c_str()), alloc);
+        params.PushBack(state_val, alloc);
+    }
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::memory_write(spiceapi::Connection &con, const char *dll_name, const char *hex, uint32_t offset) {
+    auto req = request_gen("memory", "write");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(dll_name), alloc);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(hex), alloc);
+    params.PushBack(offset, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::memory_read(spiceapi::Connection &con, const char *dll_name, uint32_t offset, uint32_t size,
+        std::string &hex) {
+    auto req = request_gen("memory", "read");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(dll_name), alloc);
+    params.PushBack(offset, alloc);
+    params.PushBack(size, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    hex = (*res)["data"][0].GetString();
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::memory_signature(spiceapi::Connection &con, const char *dll_name, const char *signature,
+                                const char *replacement, uint32_t offset, uint32_t usage, uint32_t &file_offset) {
+    auto req = request_gen("memory", "signature");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(dll_name), alloc);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(signature), alloc);
+    params.PushBack(StringRef(replacement), alloc);
+    params.PushBack(offset, alloc);
+    params.PushBack(usage, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    file_offset = (*res)["data"][0].GetUint();
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::touch_read(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::TouchState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("touch", "read");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"];
+    for (auto &val : data.GetArray()) {
+        TouchState state;
+        state.id = val[0].GetUint64();
+        state.x = val[1].GetInt64();
+        state.y = val[2].GetInt64();
+        states.push_back(state);
+    }
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::touch_write(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::TouchState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("touch", "write");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states) {
+        Value state_val(kArrayType);
+        state_val.PushBack(state.id, alloc);
+        state_val.PushBack(state.x, alloc);
+        state_val.PushBack(state.y, alloc);
+        params.PushBack(state_val, alloc);
+    }
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::touch_write_reset(spiceapi::Connection &con, std::vector<spiceapi::TouchState> &states) {
+    auto req = request_gen("touch", "write_reset");
+    auto &alloc = req.GetAllocator();
+    Value params(kArrayType);
+    for (auto &state : states)
+        params.PushBack(state.id, alloc);
+    req["params"] = params;
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool spiceapi::lcd_info(spiceapi::Connection &con, spiceapi::LCDInfo &info) {
+    auto req = request_gen("lcd", "info");
+    auto res = response_get(con.request(doc2str(req)));
+    if (!res)
+        return false;
+    auto &data = (*res)["data"][0];
+    info.enabled = data["enabled"].GetBool();
+    info.csm = data["csm"].GetString();
+    info.bri = data["bri"].GetInt();
+    info.con = data["con"].GetInt();
+    info.bl = data["bl"].GetInt();
+    info.red = data["red"].GetInt();
+    info.green = data["green"].GetInt();
+    info.blue = data["blue"].GetInt();
+    delete res;
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/wrappers.h b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/wrappers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75b0d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/cpp/spiceapi/wrappers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#ifndef SPICEAPI_WRAPPERS_H
+#define SPICEAPI_WRAPPERS_H
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include "connection.h"
+
+namespace spiceapi {
+
+    struct AnalogState {
+        std::string name;
+        float value;
+    };
+
+    struct ButtonState {
+        std::string name;
+        float value;
+    };
+
+    struct LightState {
+        std::string name;
+        float value;
+    };
+
+    struct InfoAvs {
+        std::string model, dest, spec, rev, ext;
+    };
+
+    struct InfoLauncher {
+        std::string version;
+        std::string compile_date, compile_time, system_time;
+        std::vector<std::string> args;
+    };
+
+    struct InfoMemory {
+        uint64_t mem_total, mem_total_used, mem_used;
+        uint64_t vmem_total, vmem_total_used, vmem_used;
+    };
+
+    struct TouchState {
+        uint64_t id;
+        int64_t x, y;
+    };
+
+    struct LCDInfo {
+        bool enabled;
+        std::string csm;
+        uint8_t bri, con, bl, red, green, blue;
+    };
+
+    uint64_t msg_gen_id();
+
+    bool analogs_read(Connection &con, std::vector<AnalogState> &states);
+    bool analogs_write(Connection &con, std::vector<AnalogState> &states);
+    bool analogs_write_reset(Connection &con, std::vector<AnalogState> &states);
+
+    bool buttons_read(Connection &con, std::vector<ButtonState> &states);
+    bool buttons_write(Connection &con, std::vector<ButtonState> &states);
+    bool buttons_write_reset(Connection &con, std::vector<ButtonState> &states);
+
+    bool card_insert(Connection &con, size_t index, const char *card_id);
+
+    bool coin_get(Connection &con, int &coins);
+    bool coin_set(Connection &con, int coins);
+    bool coin_insert(Connection &con, int coins=1);
+    bool coin_blocker_get(Connection &con, bool &closed);
+
+    bool control_raise(Connection &con, const char *signal);
+    bool control_exit(Connection &con);
+    bool control_exit(Connection &con, int exit_code);
+    bool control_restart(Connection &con);
+    bool control_session_refresh(Connection &con);
+    bool control_shutdown(Connection &con);
+    bool control_reboot(Connection &con);
+
+    bool iidx_ticker_get(Connection &con, char *ticker);
+    bool iidx_ticker_set(Connection &con, const char *ticker);
+    bool iidx_ticker_reset(Connection &con);
+
+    bool info_avs(Connection &con, InfoAvs &info);
+    bool info_launcher(Connection &con, InfoLauncher &info);
+    bool info_memory(Connection &con, InfoMemory &info);
+
+    bool keypads_write(Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, const char *input);
+    bool keypads_set(Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, std::vector<char> &keys);
+    bool keypads_get(Connection &con, unsigned int keypad, std::vector<char> &keys);
+
+    bool lights_read(Connection &con, std::vector<LightState> &states);
+    bool lights_write(Connection &con, std::vector<LightState> &states);
+    bool lights_write_reset(Connection &con, std::vector<LightState> &states);
+
+    bool memory_write(Connection &con, const char *dll_name, const char *hex, uint32_t offset);
+    bool memory_read(Connection &con, const char *dll_name, uint32_t offset, uint32_t size, std::string &hex);
+    bool memory_signature(Connection &con, const char *dll_name, const char *signature, const char *replacement,
+            uint32_t offset, uint32_t usage, uint32_t &file_offset);
+
+    bool touch_read(Connection &con, std::vector<TouchState> &states);
+    bool touch_write(Connection &con, std::vector<TouchState> &states);
+    bool touch_write_reset(Connection &con, std::vector<TouchState> &states);
+
+    bool lcd_info(Connection &con, LCDInfo &info);
+}
+
+#endif //SPICEAPI_WRAPPERS_H
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/LICENSE b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68a49da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/spiceapi.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/spiceapi.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..413db56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/spiceapi.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+library spiceapi;
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:math';
+import 'dart:html';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+part "src/connection.dart";
+part "src/request.dart";
+part "src/response.dart";
+part "src/exceptions.dart";
+part "src/rc4.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/analogs.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/buttons.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/card.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/coin.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/control.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/info.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/keypads.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/lights.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/memory.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/iidx.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/touch.dart";
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/connection.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/connection.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a27ec3f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/connection.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+
+class Connection {
+
+  // settings
+  static const _TIMEOUT = Duration(seconds: 2);
+  static const _BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 8;
+
+  // state
+  final String host, pass;
+  final int port;
+  var resource;
+  List<int> _dataBuffer;
+  StreamController<Response> _responses;
+  StreamController<Connection> _connections;
+  WebSocket _socket;
+  RC4 _cipher;
+  bool _disposed = false;
+
+  Connection(this.host, this.port, this.pass,
+      {this.resource, bool refreshSession=true}) {
+
+    // initialize
+    _dataBuffer = List<int>();
+    _responses = StreamController<Response>.broadcast();
+    _connections = StreamController<Connection>.broadcast();
+    if (pass.length > 0)
+      _cipher = RC4(utf8.encode(pass));
+
+    // initialize socket
+    this._socket = WebSocket("ws://$host:${port + 1}");
+    this._socket.binaryType = "arraybuffer";
+
+    // listen to events
+    this._socket.onOpen.listen((e) async {
+
+      // refresh session
+      bool error = false;
+      if (refreshSession) {
+        try {
+          await controlRefreshSession(this);
+        } on Error {
+          error = true;
+        } on TimeoutException {
+          error = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // mark as connected
+      if (!this._connections.isClosed)
+        this._connections.add(this);
+      if (error)
+        this.dispose();
+    });
+
+    this._socket.onMessage.listen((e) {
+
+      // get data
+      var data = e.data;
+      if (data is ByteBuffer)
+        data = data.asUint8List();
+
+      // check type
+      if (data is List<int>) {
+
+        // cipher
+        if (_cipher != null)
+          _cipher.crypt(data);
+
+        // add data to buffer
+        _dataBuffer.addAll(data);
+
+        // check buffer size
+        if (_dataBuffer.length > _BUFFER_SIZE) {
+          this.dispose();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // check for completed message
+        for (int i = 0; i < _dataBuffer.length; i++) {
+          if (_dataBuffer[i] == 0) {
+
+            // get message data and remove from buffer
+            var msgData = List<int>.from(_dataBuffer.getRange(0, i));
+            _dataBuffer.removeRange(0, i + 1);
+
+            // check data length
+            if (msgData.length > 0) {
+
+              // convert to JSON
+              var msgStr = utf8.decode(msgData, allowMalformed: false);
+
+              // build response
+              var res = Response.fromJson(msgStr);
+              this._responses.add(res);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    this._socket.onClose.listen((e) {
+      this.dispose();
+    });
+
+    this._socket.onError.listen((e) {
+      this.dispose();
+    });
+  }
+
+  void changePass(String pass) {
+    if (pass.length > 0)
+      _cipher = RC4(utf8.encode(pass));
+    else
+      _cipher = null;
+  }
+
+  void dispose() {
+    if (_socket != null)
+      _socket.close();
+    _socket = null;
+    if (_responses != null)
+      _responses.close();
+    if (_connections != null)
+      _connections.close();
+    this._disposed = true;
+    this.free();
+  }
+
+  bool isDisposed() {
+    return this._disposed;
+  }
+
+  void free() {
+
+    // release optional resource
+    if (this.resource != null) {
+      this.resource.release();
+      this.resource = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool isFree() {
+    return this.resource == null;
+  }
+
+  Future<Connection> onConnect() {
+    return _connections.stream.first;
+  }
+
+  bool isValid() {
+    return this._socket != null && !this._disposed;
+  }
+
+  Future<Response> request(Request req) {
+
+    // add response listener
+    var res = _awaitResponse(req._id);
+
+    // write request
+    _writeRequest(req);
+
+    // return future response
+    return res.then((res) {
+
+      // validate first
+      res.validate();
+
+      // return it
+      return res;
+    });
+  }
+
+  void _writeRequest(Request req) async {
+
+    // convert to JSON
+    var json = req.toJson() + "\x00";
+    var jsonEncoded = utf8.encode(json);
+
+    // cipher
+    if (_cipher != null)
+      _cipher.crypt(jsonEncoded);
+
+    // write to socket
+    this._socket.sendByteBuffer(Int8List.fromList(jsonEncoded).buffer);
+  }
+
+  Future<Response> _awaitResponse(int id) {
+    return _responses.stream.timeout(_TIMEOUT).firstWhere(
+            (res) => res._id == id, orElse: null);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/exceptions.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/exceptions.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fa292e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/exceptions.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class APIError implements Exception {
+  String cause;
+  APIError(this.cause);
+
+  @override
+  String toString() {
+    return this.cause;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/rc4.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/rc4.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b7f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/rc4.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class RC4 {
+
+  // state
+  int _a = 0;
+  int _b = 0;
+  List<int> _sBox = List<int>(256);
+
+  RC4(List<int> key) {
+
+    // init sBox
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+      _sBox[i] = i;
+    }
+
+    // process key
+    int j = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+
+      // update
+      j = (j + _sBox[i] + key[i % key.length]) % 256;
+
+      // swap
+      var tmp = _sBox[i];
+      _sBox[i] = _sBox[j];
+      _sBox[j] = tmp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void crypt(List<int> inData) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < inData.length; i++) {
+
+      // update
+      _a = (_a + 1) % 256;
+      _b = (_b + _sBox[_a]) % 256;
+
+      // swap
+      var tmp = _sBox[_a];
+      _sBox[_a] = _sBox[_b];
+      _sBox[_b] =  tmp;
+
+      // crypt
+      inData[i] ^= _sBox[(_sBox[_a] + _sBox[_b]) % 256];
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/request.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/request.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39a4982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/request.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class Request {
+
+  static int _lastID = 0;
+
+  // contents
+  int _id;
+  String _module;
+  String _function;
+  List _params;
+
+  Request(String module, String function, {id}) {
+
+    // automatic ID iteration
+    if (id == null) {
+      if (++_lastID >= pow(2, 32))
+        _lastID = 1;
+      id = _lastID;
+    } else
+      _lastID = id;
+
+    // build contents
+    this._id = id;
+    this._module = module;
+    this._function = function;
+    this._params = List();
+  }
+
+  String toJson() {
+    return jsonEncode(
+      {
+        "id": this._id,
+        "module": this._module,
+        "function": this._function,
+        "params": this._params,
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  void addParam(param) {
+    this._params.add(param);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/response.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/response.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1940f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/response.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class Response {
+
+  String _json;
+  int _id;
+  List _errors;
+  List _data;
+
+  Response.fromJson(String json) {
+    this._json = json;
+    var obj = jsonDecode(json);
+    this._id = obj["id"];
+    this._errors = obj["errors"];
+    this._data = obj["data"];
+  }
+
+  void validate() {
+
+    // check for errors
+    if (_errors.length > 0) {
+      // TODO: add all errors
+      throw APIError(_errors[0].toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  List getData() {
+    return _data;
+  }
+
+  String toJson() {
+    return _json;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/analogs.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/analogs.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd4df26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/analogs.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class AnalogState {
+  String name;
+  double state;
+  bool active;
+
+  AnalogState(this.name, this.state);
+  AnalogState._fromRead(this.name, this.state, this.active);
+}
+
+Future<List<AnalogState>> analogsRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("analogs", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<AnalogState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(AnalogState._fromRead(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> analogsWrite(Connection con, List<AnalogState> states) {
+  var req = Request("analogs", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.name,
+      state.state
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> analogsWriteReset(Connection con, List<String> names) {
+  var req = Request("analogs", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var name in names)
+    req.addParam(name);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/buttons.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/buttons.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58889cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/buttons.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class ButtonState {
+  String name;
+  double state;
+  bool active;
+
+  ButtonState(this.name, this.state);
+  ButtonState._fromRead(this.name, this.state, this.active);
+}
+
+Future<List<ButtonState>> buttonsRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("buttons", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<ButtonState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(ButtonState._fromRead(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> buttonsWrite(Connection con, List<ButtonState> states) {
+  var req = Request("buttons", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.name,
+      state.state
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> buttonsWriteReset(Connection con, List<String> names) {
+  var req = Request("buttons", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var name in names)
+    req.addParam(name);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/card.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/card.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a42d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/card.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> cardInsert(Connection con, int unit, String cardID) {
+  var req = Request("card", "insert");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  req.addParam(cardID);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/coin.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/coin.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c82694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/coin.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<int> coinGet(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("coin", "get");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> coinSet(Connection con, int amount) {
+  var req = Request("coin", "set");
+  req.addParam(amount);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> coinInsert(Connection con, [int amount=1]) {
+  var req = Request("coin", "insert");
+  if (amount != 1)
+    req.addParam(amount);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/control.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/control.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d7d77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/control.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> controlRaise(Connection con, String signal) {
+  var req = Request("control", "raise");
+  req.addParam(signal);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlExit(Connection con, int code) {
+  var req = Request("control", "exit");
+  req.addParam(code);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlRestart(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("control", "restart");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlRefreshSession(Connection con) {
+  var rnd = new Random();
+  var req = Request("control", "session_refresh", id: rnd.nextInt(pow(2, 32)));
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    con.changePass(res.getData()[0]);
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> controlShutdown(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("control", "shutdown");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlReboot(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("control", "reboot");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/iidx.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/iidx.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60562d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/iidx.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<String> iidxTickerGet(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("iidx", "ticker_get");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> iidxTickerSet(Connection con, String text) {
+  var req = Request("iidx", "ticker_set");
+  req.addParam(text);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> iidxTickerReset(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("iidx", "ticker_reset");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/info.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/info.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34cc9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/info.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<Map> infoAVS(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("info", "avs");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<Map> infoLauncher(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("info", "launcher");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<Map> infoMemory(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("info", "memory");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/keypads.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/keypads.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76be9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/keypads.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> keypadsWrite(Connection con, int unit, String input) {
+  var req = Request("keypads", "write");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  req.addParam(input);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> keypadsSet(Connection con, int unit, String buttons) {
+  var req = Request("keypads", "set");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  for (int i = 0; i < buttons.length; i++)
+    req.addParam(buttons[i]);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<String> keypadsGet(Connection con, int unit) {
+  var req = Request("keypads", "get");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    String buttons = "";
+    for (var obj in res.getData()) {
+      buttons += obj;
+    }
+    return buttons;
+  });
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/lights.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/lights.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04138a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/lights.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class LightState {
+  String name;
+  double state;
+  bool active;
+
+  LightState(this.name, this.state);
+  LightState._fromRead(this.name, this.state, this.active);
+}
+
+Future<List<LightState>> lightsRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("lights", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<LightState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(LightState._fromRead(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> lightsWrite(Connection con, List<LightState> states) {
+  var req = Request("lights", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.name,
+      state.state
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> lightsWriteReset(Connection con, List<String> names) {
+  var req = Request("lights", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var name in names)
+    req.addParam(name);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/memory.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/memory.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f529cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/memory.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> memoryWrite(Connection con,
+    String dllName, String data, int offset) {
+  var req = Request("memory", "write");
+  req.addParam(dllName);
+  req.addParam(data);
+  req.addParam(offset);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<String> memoryRead(Connection con,
+    String dllName, int offset, int size) {
+  var req = Request("memory", "read");
+  req.addParam(dllName);
+  req.addParam(offset);
+  req.addParam(size);
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<int> memorySignature(Connection con,
+    String dllName, String signature, String replacement,
+    int offset, int usage) {
+  var req = Request("memory", "signature");
+  req.addParam(dllName);
+  req.addParam(signature);
+  req.addParam(replacement);
+  req.addParam(offset);
+  req.addParam(usage);
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/touch.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/touch.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ddbe65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi-websocket/src/wrappers/touch.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class TouchState {
+  int id;
+  int x, y;
+
+  TouchState(this.id, this.x, this.y);
+}
+
+Future<List<TouchState>> touchRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("touch", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<TouchState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(TouchState(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> touchWrite(Connection con, List<TouchState> states) {
+  var req = Request("touch", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.id,
+      state.x,
+      state.y
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> touchWriteReset(Connection con, List<int> touchIDs) {
+  var req = Request("touch", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var id in touchIDs)
+    req.addParam(id);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/LICENSE b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68a49da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/spiceapi.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/spiceapi.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..089235c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/spiceapi.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+library spiceapi;
+import 'dart:io';
+import 'dart:convert';
+import 'dart:async';
+import 'dart:math';
+import 'dart:typed_data';
+part "src/connection.dart";
+part "src/request.dart";
+part "src/response.dart";
+part "src/exceptions.dart";
+part "src/rc4.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/analogs.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/buttons.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/capture.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/card.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/coin.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/control.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/info.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/keypads.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/lights.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/memory.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/iidx.dart";
+part "src/wrappers/touch.dart";
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/connection.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/connection.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2aab58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/connection.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+
+class Connection {
+
+  // settings
+  static const _TIMEOUT = Duration(seconds: 3);
+  static const _BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 8;
+
+  // state
+  final String host, pass;
+  final int port;
+  var resource;
+  List<int> _dataBuffer;
+  StreamController<Response> _responses;
+  StreamController<Connection> _connections;
+  Socket _socket;
+  RC4 _cipher;
+  bool _disposed = false;
+
+  Connection(this.host, this.port, this.pass,
+      {this.resource, bool refreshSession=true}) {
+
+    // initialize
+    _dataBuffer = List<int>();
+    _responses = StreamController<Response>.broadcast();
+    _connections = StreamController<Connection>.broadcast();
+    if (pass.length > 0)
+      _cipher = RC4(utf8.encode(pass));
+
+    // connect
+    Socket.connect(host, port, timeout: _TIMEOUT).then((socket) async {
+
+      // remember socket
+      this._socket = socket;
+
+      // listen to data
+      socket.listen((data) {
+
+        // cipher
+        if (_cipher != null)
+          _cipher.crypt(data);
+
+        // add data to buffer
+        _dataBuffer.addAll(data);
+
+        // check buffer size
+        if (_dataBuffer.length > _BUFFER_SIZE) {
+          socket.destroy();
+          return;
+        }
+
+        // check for completed message
+        for (int i = 0; i < _dataBuffer.length; i++) {
+          if (_dataBuffer[i] == 0) {
+
+            // get message data and remove from buffer
+            var msgData = List<int>.from(_dataBuffer.getRange(0, i));
+            _dataBuffer.removeRange(0, i + 1);
+
+            // check data length
+            if (msgData.length > 0) {
+
+              // convert to JSON
+              var msgStr = utf8.decode(msgData, allowMalformed: false);
+
+              // build response
+              var res = Response.fromJson(msgStr);
+              this._responses.add(res);
+            }
+          }
+        }
+
+      }, onError: (e) {
+
+        // dispose on listen error
+        this.dispose();
+
+      }, onDone: () {
+
+        // dispose on listen done
+        this.dispose();
+
+      });
+
+      // refresh session
+      bool error = false;
+      if (refreshSession) {
+        try {
+          await controlRefreshSession(this);
+        } on Error {
+          error = true;
+        } on TimeoutException {
+          error = true;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // mark as connected
+      if (!this._connections.isClosed)
+        this._connections.add(this);
+      if (error)
+        this.dispose();
+
+    }, onError: (e) {
+
+      // dispose on connection error
+      this.dispose();
+    });
+  }
+
+  void changePass(String pass) {
+    if (pass.length > 0)
+      _cipher = RC4(utf8.encode(pass));
+    else
+      _cipher = null;
+  }
+
+  void dispose() {
+    if (_socket != null)
+      _socket.destroy();
+    if (_responses != null)
+      _responses.close();
+    if (_connections != null)
+      _connections.close();
+    this._disposed = true;
+    this.free();
+  }
+
+  bool isDisposed() {
+    return this._disposed;
+  }
+
+  void free() {
+
+    // release optional resource
+    if (this.resource != null) {
+      this.resource.release();
+      this.resource = null;
+    }
+  }
+
+  bool isFree() {
+    return this.resource == null;
+  }
+
+  Future<Connection> onConnect() {
+    return _connections.stream.first;
+  }
+
+  bool isValid() {
+    return this._socket != null && !this._disposed;
+  }
+
+  Future<Response> request(Request req) {
+
+    // add response listener
+    var res = _awaitResponse(req._id);
+
+    // write request
+    _writeRequest(req);
+
+    // return future response
+    return res.then((res) {
+
+      // validate first
+      res.validate();
+
+      // return it
+      return res;
+    });
+  }
+
+  void _writeRequest(Request req) async {
+
+    // convert to JSON
+    var json = req.toJson() + "\x00";
+    var jsonEncoded = utf8.encode(json);
+
+    // cipher
+    if (_cipher != null)
+      _cipher.crypt(jsonEncoded);
+
+    // write to socket
+    this._socket.add(jsonEncoded);
+  }
+
+  Future<Response> _awaitResponse(int id) {
+    return _responses.stream.timeout(_TIMEOUT).firstWhere(
+            (res) => res._id == id, orElse: null);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/exceptions.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/exceptions.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3fa292e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/exceptions.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class APIError implements Exception {
+  String cause;
+  APIError(this.cause);
+
+  @override
+  String toString() {
+    return this.cause;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/rc4.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/rc4.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b7f48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/rc4.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class RC4 {
+
+  // state
+  int _a = 0;
+  int _b = 0;
+  List<int> _sBox = List<int>(256);
+
+  RC4(List<int> key) {
+
+    // init sBox
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+      _sBox[i] = i;
+    }
+
+    // process key
+    int j = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+
+      // update
+      j = (j + _sBox[i] + key[i % key.length]) % 256;
+
+      // swap
+      var tmp = _sBox[i];
+      _sBox[i] = _sBox[j];
+      _sBox[j] = tmp;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void crypt(List<int> inData) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < inData.length; i++) {
+
+      // update
+      _a = (_a + 1) % 256;
+      _b = (_b + _sBox[_a]) % 256;
+
+      // swap
+      var tmp = _sBox[_a];
+      _sBox[_a] = _sBox[_b];
+      _sBox[_b] =  tmp;
+
+      // crypt
+      inData[i] ^= _sBox[(_sBox[_a] + _sBox[_b]) % 256];
+    }
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/request.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/request.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39a4982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/request.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class Request {
+
+  static int _lastID = 0;
+
+  // contents
+  int _id;
+  String _module;
+  String _function;
+  List _params;
+
+  Request(String module, String function, {id}) {
+
+    // automatic ID iteration
+    if (id == null) {
+      if (++_lastID >= pow(2, 32))
+        _lastID = 1;
+      id = _lastID;
+    } else
+      _lastID = id;
+
+    // build contents
+    this._id = id;
+    this._module = module;
+    this._function = function;
+    this._params = List();
+  }
+
+  String toJson() {
+    return jsonEncode(
+      {
+        "id": this._id,
+        "module": this._module,
+        "function": this._function,
+        "params": this._params,
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  void addParam(param) {
+    this._params.add(param);
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/response.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/response.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1940f21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/response.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class Response {
+
+  String _json;
+  int _id;
+  List _errors;
+  List _data;
+
+  Response.fromJson(String json) {
+    this._json = json;
+    var obj = jsonDecode(json);
+    this._id = obj["id"];
+    this._errors = obj["errors"];
+    this._data = obj["data"];
+  }
+
+  void validate() {
+
+    // check for errors
+    if (_errors.length > 0) {
+      // TODO: add all errors
+      throw APIError(_errors[0].toString());
+    }
+  }
+
+  List getData() {
+    return _data;
+  }
+
+  String toJson() {
+    return _json;
+  }
+
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/analogs.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/analogs.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd4df26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/analogs.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class AnalogState {
+  String name;
+  double state;
+  bool active;
+
+  AnalogState(this.name, this.state);
+  AnalogState._fromRead(this.name, this.state, this.active);
+}
+
+Future<List<AnalogState>> analogsRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("analogs", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<AnalogState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(AnalogState._fromRead(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> analogsWrite(Connection con, List<AnalogState> states) {
+  var req = Request("analogs", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.name,
+      state.state
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> analogsWriteReset(Connection con, List<String> names) {
+  var req = Request("analogs", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var name in names)
+    req.addParam(name);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/buttons.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/buttons.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58889cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/buttons.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class ButtonState {
+  String name;
+  double state;
+  bool active;
+
+  ButtonState(this.name, this.state);
+  ButtonState._fromRead(this.name, this.state, this.active);
+}
+
+Future<List<ButtonState>> buttonsRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("buttons", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<ButtonState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(ButtonState._fromRead(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> buttonsWrite(Connection con, List<ButtonState> states) {
+  var req = Request("buttons", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.name,
+      state.state
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> buttonsWriteReset(Connection con, List<String> names) {
+  var req = Request("buttons", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var name in names)
+    req.addParam(name);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/capture.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/capture.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be15f14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/capture.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class CaptureData {
+  int timestamp;
+  int width, height;
+  Uint8List data;
+}
+
+var _base64DecoderInstance = Base64Decoder();
+
+Future<List> captureGetScreens(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("capture", "get_screens");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData();
+  });
+}
+
+Future<CaptureData> captureGetJPG(Connection con, {
+  int screen = 0,
+  int quality = 60,
+  int divide = 1,
+}) {
+  var req = Request("capture", "get_jpg");
+  req.addParam(screen);
+  req.addParam(quality);
+  req.addParam(divide);
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    var captureData = CaptureData();
+    var data = res.getData();
+    if (data.length > 0) captureData.timestamp = data[0];
+    if (data.length > 1) captureData.width = data[1];
+    if (data.length > 2) captureData.height = data[2];
+    if (data.length > 3) {
+      captureData.data = _base64DecoderInstance.convert(data[3]);
+    }
+    return captureData;
+  });
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/card.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/card.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a42d63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/card.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> cardInsert(Connection con, int unit, String cardID) {
+  var req = Request("card", "insert");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  req.addParam(cardID);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/coin.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/coin.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c82694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/coin.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<int> coinGet(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("coin", "get");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> coinSet(Connection con, int amount) {
+  var req = Request("coin", "set");
+  req.addParam(amount);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> coinInsert(Connection con, [int amount=1]) {
+  var req = Request("coin", "insert");
+  if (amount != 1)
+    req.addParam(amount);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/control.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/control.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d7d77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/control.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> controlRaise(Connection con, String signal) {
+  var req = Request("control", "raise");
+  req.addParam(signal);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlExit(Connection con, int code) {
+  var req = Request("control", "exit");
+  req.addParam(code);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlRestart(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("control", "restart");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlRefreshSession(Connection con) {
+  var rnd = new Random();
+  var req = Request("control", "session_refresh", id: rnd.nextInt(pow(2, 32)));
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    con.changePass(res.getData()[0]);
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> controlShutdown(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("control", "shutdown");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> controlReboot(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("control", "reboot");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/iidx.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/iidx.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60562d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/iidx.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<String> iidxTickerGet(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("iidx", "ticker_get");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> iidxTickerSet(Connection con, String text) {
+  var req = Request("iidx", "ticker_set");
+  req.addParam(text);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> iidxTickerReset(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("iidx", "ticker_reset");
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/info.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/info.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34cc9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/info.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<Map> infoAVS(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("info", "avs");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<Map> infoLauncher(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("info", "launcher");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<Map> infoMemory(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("info", "memory");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/keypads.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/keypads.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76be9e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/keypads.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> keypadsWrite(Connection con, int unit, String input) {
+  var req = Request("keypads", "write");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  req.addParam(input);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> keypadsSet(Connection con, int unit, String buttons) {
+  var req = Request("keypads", "set");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  for (int i = 0; i < buttons.length; i++)
+    req.addParam(buttons[i]);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<String> keypadsGet(Connection con, int unit) {
+  var req = Request("keypads", "get");
+  req.addParam(unit);
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    String buttons = "";
+    for (var obj in res.getData()) {
+      buttons += obj;
+    }
+    return buttons;
+  });
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/lights.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/lights.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04138a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/lights.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class LightState {
+  String name;
+  double state;
+  bool active;
+
+  LightState(this.name, this.state);
+  LightState._fromRead(this.name, this.state, this.active);
+}
+
+Future<List<LightState>> lightsRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("lights", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<LightState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(LightState._fromRead(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> lightsWrite(Connection con, List<LightState> states) {
+  var req = Request("lights", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.name,
+      state.state
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> lightsWriteReset(Connection con, List<String> names) {
+  var req = Request("lights", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var name in names)
+    req.addParam(name);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/memory.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/memory.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f529cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/memory.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+Future<void> memoryWrite(Connection con,
+    String dllName, String data, int offset) {
+  var req = Request("memory", "write");
+  req.addParam(dllName);
+  req.addParam(data);
+  req.addParam(offset);
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<String> memoryRead(Connection con,
+    String dllName, int offset, int size) {
+  var req = Request("memory", "read");
+  req.addParam(dllName);
+  req.addParam(offset);
+  req.addParam(size);
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
+
+Future<int> memorySignature(Connection con,
+    String dllName, String signature, String replacement,
+    int offset, int usage) {
+  var req = Request("memory", "signature");
+  req.addParam(dllName);
+  req.addParam(signature);
+  req.addParam(replacement);
+  req.addParam(offset);
+  req.addParam(usage);
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+    return res.getData()[0];
+  });
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/touch.dart b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/touch.dart
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0935952
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/dart/spiceapi/src/wrappers/touch.dart
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+part of spiceapi;
+
+class TouchState {
+  int id;
+  int x, y;
+  bool active = true;
+  bool updated = true;
+
+  TouchState(this.id, this.x, this.y);
+}
+
+Future<List<TouchState>> touchRead(Connection con) {
+  var req = Request("touch", "read");
+  return con.request(req).then((res) {
+
+    // build states list
+    List<TouchState> states = [];
+    for (List state in res.getData()) {
+      states.add(TouchState(
+        state[0],
+        state[1],
+        state[2],
+      ));
+    }
+
+    // return it
+    return states;
+  });
+}
+
+Future<void> touchWrite(Connection con, List<TouchState> states) async {
+  if (states.isEmpty) return;
+  var req = Request("touch", "write");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states) {
+    var obj = [
+      state.id,
+      state.x,
+      state.y
+    ];
+    req.addParam(obj);
+  }
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> touchWriteReset(Connection con, List<TouchState> states) async {
+  if (states.isEmpty) return;
+  var req = Request("touch", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var state in states)
+    req.addParam(state.id);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
+
+Future<void> touchWriteResetIDs(Connection con, List<int> touchIDs) async {
+  if (touchIDs.isEmpty) return;
+  var req = Request("touch", "write_reset");
+
+  // add params
+  for (var id in touchIDs)
+    req.addParam(id);
+
+  return con.request(req);
+}
diff --git a/api/resources/lua/README.md b/api/resources/lua/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e5cb6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/lua/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# Lua Scripting
+Supported version: Lua 5.4.3
+No proper documentation yet. Check the example scripts if you need this!
+For undocumented functions you can find the definitions in the source code (script/api/*.cpp).
+They are very similar to what the network API provides.
+
+# Automatic Execution
+Create a "script" folder next to spice and put your scripts in there (subfolders allowed).
+The prefix specifies when the script will be called:
+
+- `boot_*`: executed on game boot
+- `shutdown_*`: executed on game end
+- `config_*`: executed when you start spicecfg (mostly for debugging/tests)
+
+Example: "script/boot_patch.py" would be called on game boot.
diff --git a/api/resources/lua/boot_iidx_tt_lights.lua b/api/resources/lua/boot_iidx_tt_lights.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeaa2e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/lua/boot_iidx_tt_lights.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+-- example script for light effects on IIDX TT stab movement
+-- create a folder called "script" next to spice and put me in there
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- settings
+tt_duration = 0.25
+zero_duration = 0.3141592
+loop_delta = 1 / 240
+curve_pow = 1 / 4
+col_r = 1.0
+col_g = 0.0
+col_b = 0.0
+light_p1_r = "Side Panel Left Avg R"
+light_p1_g = "Side Panel Left Avg G"
+light_p1_b = "Side Panel Left Avg B"
+light_p2_r = "Side Panel Right Avg R"
+light_p2_g = "Side Panel Right Avg G"
+light_p2_b = "Side Panel Right Avg B"
+
+-- wait for game
+while not analogs.read()["Turntable P1"] do yield() end
+
+-- initial state
+tt1_last = tonumber(analogs.read()["Turntable P1"].state)
+tt2_last = tonumber(analogs.read()["Turntable P2"].state)
+tt1_diff_last = 0
+tt2_diff_last = 0
+tt1_trigger = 0
+tt2_trigger = 0
+tt1_zero_elapsed = 0
+tt2_zero_elapsed = 0
+
+-- main loop
+while true do
+
+    -- read state
+    tt1 = tonumber(analogs.read()["Turntable P1"].state)
+    tt2 = tonumber(analogs.read()["Turntable P2"].state)
+    time_cur = time()
+
+    -- calculate difference
+    tt1_diff = tt1 - tt1_last
+    tt2_diff = tt2 - tt2_last
+
+    -- fix wrap around
+    if math.abs(tt1_diff) > 0.5 then tt1_diff = 0 end
+    if math.abs(tt2_diff) > 0.5 then tt2_diff = 0 end
+
+    -- trigger on movement start and direction changes
+    if (tt1_diff_last == 0 and tt1_diff ~= 0)
+        or (tt1_diff_last > 0 and tt1_diff < 0)
+        or (tt1_diff_last < 0 and tt1_diff > 0) then
+        tt1_trigger = time_cur
+    end
+    if (tt2_diff_last == 0 and tt2_diff ~= 0)
+        or (tt2_diff_last > 0 and tt2_diff < 0)
+        or (tt2_diff_last < 0 and tt2_diff > 0) then
+        tt2_trigger = time_cur
+    end
+
+    -- light effects when last trigger is still active
+    if time_cur - tt1_trigger < tt_duration then
+        brightness = 1 - ((time_cur - tt1_trigger) / tt_duration) ^ curve_pow
+        lights.write({[light_p1_r]={state=brightness*col_r}})
+        lights.write({[light_p1_g]={state=brightness*col_g}})
+        lights.write({[light_p1_b]={state=brightness*col_b}})
+    else
+        lights.write_reset(light_p1_r)
+        lights.write_reset(light_p1_g)
+        lights.write_reset(light_p1_b)
+    end
+    if time_cur - tt2_trigger < tt_duration then
+        brightness = 1 - ((time_cur - tt2_trigger) / tt_duration) ^ curve_pow
+        lights.write({[light_p2_r]={state=brightness*col_r}})
+        lights.write({[light_p2_g]={state=brightness*col_g}})
+        lights.write({[light_p2_b]={state=brightness*col_b}})
+    else
+        lights.write_reset(light_p2_r)
+        lights.write_reset(light_p2_g)
+        lights.write_reset(light_p2_b)
+    end
+
+    -- flush HID light output
+    lights.update()
+
+    -- turntable movement detection
+    -- doesn't set the diff back to zero unless enough time has passed
+    if tt1_diff == 0 then
+        tt1_zero_elapsed = tt1_zero_elapsed + loop_delta
+        if tt1_zero_elapsed >= zero_duration then
+            tt1_diff_last = tt1_diff
+        end
+    else
+        tt1_zero_elapsed = 0
+        tt1_diff_last = tt1_diff
+    end
+    if tt2_diff == 0 then
+        tt2_zero_elapsed = tt2_zero_elapsed + loop_delta
+        if tt2_zero_elapsed >= zero_duration then
+            tt2_diff_last = tt2_diff
+        end
+    else
+        tt2_zero_elapsed = 0
+        tt2_diff_last = tt2_diff
+    end
+
+    -- remember state
+    tt1_last = tt1
+    tt2_last = tt2
+
+    -- loop end
+    sleep(loop_delta)
+end
diff --git a/api/resources/lua/config_example.lua b/api/resources/lua/config_example.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae09b55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/lua/config_example.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+-- script examples
+-- no proper documentation yet
+-- create a folder called "script" next to spice and put me in there
+-- then open the config and if needed select IIDX for the demo
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- sleep for 0.2 seconds
+sleep(0.2)
+
+-- log functions
+log_misc("example misc")
+log_info("example info")
+log_warning("example warning")
+--log_fatal("this would terminate")
+
+-- print time
+log_info(time())
+
+-- show message box
+msgbox("You are running the example script! Select IIDX if not already done.")
+
+-- wait until analog is available
+while not analogs.read()["Turntable P1"] do yield() end
+
+-- write button state
+buttons.write({["P1 Start"]={state=1}})
+
+-- write analog state
+analogs.write({["Turntable P1"]={state=0.33}})
+
+-- write light state
+lights.write({["P2 Start"]={state=0.8}})
+
+-- import other libraries in "script" folder
+--local example = require('script.example')
+
+-- demo
+while true do
+
+    -- analog animation
+    analogs.write({["Turntable P2"]={state=math.abs(math.sin(time()))}})
+
+    -- button blink
+    if math.cos(time() * 10) > 0 then
+        buttons.write({["P1 1"]={state=1}})
+    else
+        buttons.write({["P1 1"]={state=0}})
+    end
+
+    -- flush HID light output
+    lights.update()
+
+    -- check for keyboard press
+    if GetAsyncKeyState(0x20) > 0 then
+        msgbox("You pressed space!")
+    end
+end
diff --git a/api/resources/python/.gitignore b/api/resources/python/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0447b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+# Byte-compiled / optimized / DLL files
+__pycache__/
+*.py[cod]
+*$py.class
+
+# C extensions
+*.so
+
+# Distribution / packaging
+.Python
+build/
+develop-eggs/
+dist/
+downloads/
+eggs/
+.eggs/
+lib/
+lib64/
+parts/
+sdist/
+var/
+wheels/
+pip-wheel-metadata/
+share/python-wheels/
+*.egg-info/
+.installed.cfg
+*.egg
+MANIFEST
+
+# PyInstaller
+#  Usually these files are written by a python script from a template
+#  before PyInstaller builds the exe, so as to inject date/other infos into it.
+*.manifest
+*.spec
+
+# Installer logs
+pip-log.txt
+pip-delete-this-directory.txt
+
+# Unit test / coverage reports
+htmlcov/
+.tox/
+.nox/
+.coverage
+.coverage.*
+.cache
+nosetests.xml
+coverage.xml
+*.cover
+.hypothesis/
+.pytest_cache/
+
+# Translations
+*.mo
+*.pot
+
+# Django stuff:
+*.log
+local_settings.py
+db.sqlite3
+
+# Flask stuff:
+instance/
+.webassets-cache
+
+# Scrapy stuff:
+.scrapy
+
+# Sphinx documentation
+docs/_build/
+
+# PyBuilder
+target/
+
+# Jupyter Notebook
+.ipynb_checkpoints
+
+# IPython
+profile_default/
+ipython_config.py
+
+# pyenv
+.python-version
+
+# celery beat schedule file
+celerybeat-schedule
+
+# SageMath parsed files
+*.sage.py
+
+# Environments
+.env
+.venv
+env/
+venv/
+ENV/
+env.bak/
+venv.bak/
+
+# Spyder project settings
+.spyderproject
+.spyproject
+
+# Rope project settings
+.ropeproject
+
+# mkdocs documentation
+/site
+
+# mypy
+.mypy_cache/
+.dmypy.json
+dmypy.json
+
+# Pyre type checker
+.pyre/
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/LICENSE b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68a49da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+means.
+
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+software under copyright law.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/__init__.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cd290a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+from .analogs import *
+from .buttons import *
+from .card import *
+from .coin import *
+from .control import *
+from .exceptions import *
+from .iidx import *
+from .info import *
+from .keypads import *
+from .lights import *
+from .memory import *
+from .touch import *
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/analogs.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/analogs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8a128c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/analogs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def analogs_read(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("analogs", "read"))
+    return res.get_data()
+
+
+def analogs_write(con: Connection, analog_state_list):
+    req = Request("analogs", "write")
+    for state in analog_state_list:
+        req.add_param(state)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def analogs_write_reset(con: Connection, analog_names=None):
+    req = Request("analogs", "write_reset")
+
+    # reset all analogs
+    if not analog_names:
+        con.request(req)
+        return
+
+    # reset specified analogs
+    for analog_name in analog_names:
+        req.add_param(analog_name)
+    con.request(req)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/buttons.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/buttons.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ee6810
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/buttons.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def buttons_read(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("buttons", "read"))
+    return res.get_data()
+
+
+def buttons_write(con: Connection, button_state_list):
+    req = Request("buttons", "write")
+    for state in button_state_list:
+        req.add_param(state)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def buttons_write_reset(con: Connection, button_names=None):
+    req = Request("buttons", "write_reset")
+
+    # reset all buttons
+    if not button_names:
+        con.request(req)
+        return
+
+    # reset specified buttons
+    for button_name in button_names:
+        req.add_param(button_name)
+    con.request(req)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/card.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/card.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d579ed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/card.py
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def card_insert(con: Connection, unit: int, card_id: str):
+    req = Request("card", "insert")
+    req.add_param(unit)
+    req.add_param(card_id)
+    con.request(req)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/coin.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/coin.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5707d65
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/coin.py
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def coin_get(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("coin", "get"))
+    return res.get_data()[0]
+
+
+def coin_set(con: Connection, amount: int):
+    req = Request("coin", "set")
+    req.add_param(amount)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def coin_insert(con: Connection, amount=1):
+    req = Request("coin", "insert")
+    if amount != 1:
+        req.add_param(amount)
+    con.request(req)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/connection.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/connection.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e6193a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/connection.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import os
+import socket
+from .request import Request
+from .response import Response
+from .rc4 import rc4
+from .exceptions import MalformedRequestException, APIError
+
+
+class Connection:
+    """ Container for managing a single connection to the API server.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, host: str, port: int, password: str):
+        """Default constructor.
+
+        :param host: the host string to connect to
+        :param port: the port of the host
+        :param password: the connection password string
+        """
+        self.host = host
+        self.port = port
+        self.password = password
+        self.socket = None
+        self.cipher = None
+        self.reconnect()
+
+    def reconnect(self, refresh_session=True):
+        """Reconnect to the server.
+
+        This opens a new connection and closes the previous one, if existing.
+        """
+
+        # close old socket
+        self.close()
+
+        # create new socket
+        self.socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+        self.socket.settimeout(3)
+        self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1)
+        self.socket.connect((self.host, self.port))
+
+        # cipher
+        self.change_password(self.password)
+
+        # refresh session
+        if refresh_session:
+            from .control import control_session_refresh
+            control_session_refresh(self)
+
+    def change_password(self, password):
+        """Allows to change the password on the fly.
+
+        The cipher will be rebuilt.
+        """
+        if len(password) > 0:
+            self.cipher = rc4(password.encode("UTF-8"))
+        else:
+            self.cipher = None
+
+    def close(self):
+        """Close the active connection, if existing."""
+
+        # check if socket is existing
+        if self.socket:
+
+            # close and delete socket
+            self.socket.close()
+            self.socket = None
+
+    def request(self, request: Request):
+        """Send a request to the server and receive the answer.
+
+        :param request: request object
+        :return: response object
+        """
+
+        # check if disconnected
+        if not self.socket:
+            raise RuntimeError("No active connection.")
+
+        # build data
+        data = request.to_json().encode("UTF-8") + b"\x00"
+        if self.cipher:
+            data_list = list(data)
+            data_cipher = []
+            for b in data_list:
+                data_cipher.append(b ^ next(self.cipher))
+            data = bytes(data_cipher)
+
+        # send request
+        if os.name != 'nt':
+            self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_QUICKACK, 1)
+        self.socket.send(data)
+
+        # get answer
+        answer_data = []
+        while not len(answer_data) or answer_data[-1] != 0:
+
+            # receive data
+            if os.name != 'nt':
+                self.socket.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_QUICKACK, 1)
+            receive_data = self.socket.recv(4096)
+
+            # check length
+            if len(receive_data):
+
+                # check cipher
+                if self.cipher:
+
+                    # add decrypted data
+                    for b in receive_data:
+                        answer_data.append(int(b ^ next(self.cipher)))
+                else:
+
+                    # add plaintext
+                    for b in receive_data:
+                        answer_data.append(int(b))
+            else:
+                raise RuntimeError("Connection was closed.")
+
+        # check for empty response
+        if len(answer_data) <= 1:
+
+            # empty response means the JSON couldn't be parsed
+            raise MalformedRequestException()
+
+        # build response
+        response = Response(bytes(answer_data[:-1]).decode("UTF-8"))
+        if len(response.get_errors()):
+            raise APIError(response.get_errors())
+
+        # check ID
+        req_id = request.get_id()
+        res_id = response.get_id()
+        if req_id != res_id:
+            raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected response ID: {res_id} (expected {req_id})")
+
+        # return response object
+        return response
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/control.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/control.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b8d2cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/control.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+import random
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def control_raise(con: Connection, signal: str):
+    req = Request("control", "raise")
+    req.add_param(signal)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def control_exit(con: Connection, code=None):
+    req = Request("control", "exit")
+    if code:
+        req.add_param(code)
+    try:
+        con.request(req)
+    except RuntimeError:
+        pass  # we expect the connection to get killed
+
+
+def control_restart(con: Connection):
+    req = Request("control", "restart")
+    try:
+        con.request(req)
+    except RuntimeError:
+        pass  # we expect the connection to get killed
+
+
+def control_session_refresh(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("control", "session_refresh", req_id=random.randint(1, 2**64)))
+
+    # apply new password
+    password = res.get_data()[0]
+    con.change_password(password)
+
+
+def control_shutdown(con: Connection):
+    req = Request("control", "shutdown")
+    try:
+        con.request(req)
+    except RuntimeError:
+        pass  # we expect the connection to get killed
+
+
+def control_reboot(con: Connection):
+    req = Request("control", "reboot")
+    try:
+        con.request(req)
+    except RuntimeError:
+        pass  # we expect the connection to get killed
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/exceptions.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a4d050
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+
+
+class APIError(Exception):
+
+    def __init__(self, errors):
+        super().__init__("\r\n".join(errors))
+
+
+class MalformedRequestException(Exception):
+    pass
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/iidx.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/iidx.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b2736e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/iidx.py
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def iidx_ticker_get(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("iidx", "ticker_get"))
+    return res.get_data()
+
+
+def iidx_ticker_set(con: Connection, text: str):
+    req = Request("iidx", "ticker_set")
+    req.add_param(text)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def iidx_ticker_reset(con: Connection):
+    req = Request("iidx", "ticker_reset")
+    con.request(req)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/info.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/info.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b4245c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/info.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def info_avs(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("info", "avs"))
+    return res.get_data()[0]
+
+
+def info_launcher(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("info", "launcher"))
+    return res.get_data()[0]
+
+
+def info_memory(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("info", "memory"))
+    return res.get_data()[0]
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/keypads.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/keypads.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17980e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/keypads.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def keypads_write(con: Connection, keypad: int, input_values: str):
+    req = Request("keypads", "write")
+    req.add_param(keypad)
+    req.add_param(input_values)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def keypads_set(con: Connection, keypad: int, input_values: str):
+    req = Request("keypads", "set")
+    req.add_param(keypad)
+    for value in input_values:
+        req.add_param(value)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def keypads_get(con: Connection, keypad: int):
+    req = Request("keypads", "get")
+    req.add_param(keypad)
+    res = con.request(req)
+    return res.get_data()
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/lights.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/lights.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..038373d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/lights.py
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def lights_read(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("lights", "read"))
+    return res.get_data()
+
+
+def lights_write(con: Connection, light_state_list):
+    req = Request("lights", "write")
+    for state in light_state_list:
+        req.add_param(state)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def lights_write_reset(con: Connection, light_names=None):
+    req = Request("lights", "write_reset")
+
+    # reset all lights
+    if not light_names:
+        con.request(req)
+        return
+
+    # reset specified lights
+    for light_name in light_names:
+        req.add_param(light_name)
+    con.request(req)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/memory.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/memory.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf3c01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/memory.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def memory_write(con: Connection, dll_name: str, data: str, offset: int):
+    req = Request("memory", "write")
+    req.add_param(dll_name)
+    req.add_param(data)
+    req.add_param(offset)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def memory_read(con: Connection, dll_name: str, offset: int, size: int):
+    req = Request("memory", "read")
+    req.add_param(dll_name)
+    req.add_param(offset)
+    req.add_param(size)
+    res = con.request(req)
+    return res.get_data()[0]
+
+
+def memory_signature(con: Connection, dll_name: str, signature: str,
+                     replacement: str, offset: int, usage: int):
+    req = Request("memory", "signature")
+    req.add_param(dll_name)
+    req.add_param(signature)
+    req.add_param(replacement)
+    req.add_param(offset)
+    req.add_param(usage)
+    res = con.request(req)
+    return res.get_data()[0]
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/rc4.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/rc4.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..076ba7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/rc4.py
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+
+
+def rc4_ksa(key):
+    n = len(key)
+    j = 0
+    s_box = list(range(256))
+    for i in range(256):
+        j = (j + s_box[i] + key[i % n]) % 256
+        s_box[i], s_box[j] = s_box[j], s_box[i]
+    return s_box
+
+
+def rc4_prga(s_box):
+    i = 0
+    j = 0
+    while True:
+        i = (i + 1) % 256
+        j = (j + s_box[i]) % 256
+        s_box[i], s_box[j] = s_box[j], s_box[i]
+        yield s_box[(s_box[i] + s_box[j]) % 256]
+
+
+def rc4(key):
+    return rc4_prga(rc4_ksa(key))
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/request.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d088c09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import json
+from threading import Lock
+
+
+class Request:
+
+    # global ID pool
+    GLOBAL_ID = 1
+    GLOBAL_ID_LOCK = Lock()
+
+    def __init__(self, module: str, function: str, req_id=None):
+
+        # use global ID
+        with Request.GLOBAL_ID_LOCK:
+            if req_id is None:
+
+                # reset at max value
+                Request.GLOBAL_ID += 1
+                if Request.GLOBAL_ID >= 2 ** 64:
+                    Request.GLOBAL_ID = 1
+
+                # get ID and increase by one
+                req_id = Request.GLOBAL_ID
+
+            else:
+
+                # carry over ID
+                Request.GLOBAL_ID = req_id
+
+        # remember ID
+        self._id = req_id
+
+        # build data dict
+        self.data = {
+            "id": req_id,
+            "module": module,
+            "function": function,
+            "params": []
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_json(request_json: str):
+        req = Request("", "", 0)
+        req.data = json.loads(request_json)
+        req._id = req.data["id"]
+        return req
+
+    def get_id(self):
+        return self._id
+
+    def to_json(self):
+        return json.dumps(
+            self.data,
+            ensure_ascii=False,
+            check_circular=False,
+            allow_nan=False,
+            indent=None,
+            separators=(",", ":"),
+            sort_keys=False
+        )
+
+    def add_param(self, param):
+        self.data["params"].append(param)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/response.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/response.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72214ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/response.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+import json
+
+
+class Response:
+
+    def __init__(self, response_json: str):
+        self._res = json.loads(response_json)
+        self._id = self._res["id"]
+        self._errors = self._res["errors"]
+        self._data = self._res["data"]
+
+    def to_json(self):
+        return json.dumps(
+            self._res,
+            ensure_ascii=True,
+            check_circular=False,
+            allow_nan=False,
+            indent=2,
+            separators=(",", ": "),
+            sort_keys=False
+        )
+
+    def get_id(self):
+        return self._id
+
+    def get_errors(self):
+        return self._errors
+
+    def get_data(self):
+        return self._data
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceapi/touch.py b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/touch.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72afd7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceapi/touch.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from .connection import Connection
+from .request import Request
+
+
+def touch_read(con: Connection):
+    res = con.request(Request("touch", "read"))
+    return res.get_data()
+
+
+def touch_write(con: Connection, touch_points):
+    req = Request("touch", "write")
+    for state in touch_points:
+        req.add_param(state)
+    con.request(req)
+
+
+def touch_write_reset(con: Connection, touch_ids):
+    req = Request("touch", "write_reset")
+    for touch_id in touch_ids:
+        req.add_param(touch_id)
+    con.request(req)
diff --git a/api/resources/python/spiceremote.py b/api/resources/python/spiceremote.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2749711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/spiceremote.py
@@ -0,0 +1,574 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+from datetime import datetime
+import tkinter as tk
+import tkinter.ttk as ttk
+import tkinter.messagebox
+try:
+    import spiceapi
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    raise RuntimeError("spiceapi module not installed")
+
+
+NSEW = tk.N+tk.S+tk.E+tk.W
+
+
+def api_action(func):
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            func(*args, **kwargs)
+        except spiceapi.APIError as e:
+            tk.messagebox.showerror(title="API Error", message=str(e))
+        except ValueError as e:
+            tk.messagebox.showerror(title="Input Error", message=str(e))
+        except (ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError, RuntimeError) as e:
+            tk.messagebox.showerror(title="Connection Error", message=str(e))
+        except AttributeError:
+            tk.messagebox.showerror(title="Error", message="No active connection.")
+        except BaseException as e:
+            tk.messagebox.showerror(title="Exception", message=str(e))
+    return wrapper
+
+
+class TextField(ttk.Frame):
+    """Simple text field with a scroll bar to the right."""
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, read_only=False, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.read_only = read_only
+
+        # create scroll bar
+        self.scroll = ttk.Scrollbar(self)
+        self.scroll.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y)
+
+        # create text field
+        self.contents = tk.Text(self, height=1, width=50,
+                                foreground="black", background="#E8E6E0",
+                                insertbackground="black")
+        self.contents.pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True, fill=tk.BOTH)
+
+        # link scroll bar with text field
+        self.scroll.config(command=self.contents.yview)
+        self.contents.config(yscrollcommand=self.scroll.set)
+
+        # read only setting
+        if self.read_only:
+            self.contents.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
+
+    def get_text(self):
+        """Get the current text content as string.
+
+        :return: text content
+        """
+        return self.contents.get("1.0", tk.END+"-1c")
+
+    def set_text(self, text):
+        """Set the current text content.
+
+        :param text: text content
+        :return: None
+        """
+
+        # enable if read only
+        if self.read_only:
+            self.contents.config(state=tk.NORMAL)
+
+        # delete old content and insert replacement text
+        self.contents.delete("1.0", tk.END)
+        self.contents.insert(tk.END, text)
+
+        # disable if read only
+        if self.read_only:
+            self.contents.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
+
+
+class ManualTab(ttk.Frame):
+    """Manual JSON request/response functinality."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app, parent, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.app = app
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.rowconfigure(1, weight=1)
+        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        # request text field
+        self.txt_request = TextField(self, read_only=False)
+        self.txt_request.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+        self.txt_request.set_text(
+            '{\n'
+            '  "id": 1,\n'
+            '  "module": "coin",\n'
+            '  "function": "insert",\n'
+            '  "params": []\n'
+            '}\n'
+        )
+
+        # response text field
+        self.txt_response = TextField(self, read_only=False)
+        self.txt_response.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+        #self.txt_response.contents.config(state=tk.DISABLED)
+
+        # send button
+        self.btn_send = ttk.Button(self, text="Send", command=self.action_send)
+        self.btn_send.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+    def action_send(self):
+        """Gets called when the send button is pressed."""
+
+        # check connection
+        if self.app.connection:
+
+            # send request and get response
+            self.txt_response.set_text("Sending...")
+            try:
+
+                # build request
+                request = spiceapi.Request.from_json(self.txt_request.get_text())
+
+                # send request and get response, measure time
+                t1 = datetime.now()
+                response = self.app.connection.request(request)
+                t2 = datetime.now()
+
+                # set response text
+                self.txt_response.set_text("{}\n\nElapsed time: {} seconds".format(
+                    response.to_json(),
+                    (t2 - t1).total_seconds())
+                )
+
+            except spiceapi.APIError as e:
+                self.txt_response.set_text(f"Server returned error:\n{e}")
+            except spiceapi.MalformedRequestException:
+                self.txt_response.set_text("Malformed request detected.")
+            except (ConnectionResetError, BrokenPipeError, RuntimeError) as e:
+                self.txt_response.set_text("Error sending request: " + str(e))
+            except BaseException as e:
+                self.txt_response.set_text("General Exception: " + str(e))
+
+        else:
+
+            # print error
+            self.txt_response.set_text("No active connection.")
+
+
+class ControlTab(ttk.Frame):
+    """Main control tab."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app, parent, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.app = app
+        self.parent = parent
+
+        # scale grid
+        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        # card
+        self.card = ttk.Frame(self, padding=(8, 8, 8, 8))
+        self.card.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.E+tk.W)
+        self.card.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.card.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
+        self.card_lbl = ttk.Label(self.card, text="Card")
+        self.card_lbl.grid(row=0, columnspan=2)
+        self.card_entry = ttk.Entry(self.card)
+        self.card_entry.insert(tk.END, "E004010000000000")
+        self.card_entry.grid(row=1, columnspan=2, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+        self.card_insert_p1 = ttk.Button(self.card, text="Insert P1", command=self.action_insert_p1)
+        self.card_insert_p1.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+        self.card_insert_p2 = ttk.Button(self.card, text="Insert P2", command=self.action_insert_p2)
+        self.card_insert_p2.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+        # coin
+        self.coin = ttk.Frame(self, padding=(8, 8, 8, 8))
+        self.coin.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.E+tk.W)
+        self.coin.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.coin.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
+        self.coin.columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
+        self.coin_lbl = ttk.Label(self.coin, text="Coins")
+        self.coin_lbl.grid(row=0, columnspan=3)
+        self.coin_entry = ttk.Entry(self.coin)
+        self.coin_entry.insert(tk.END, "1")
+        self.coin_entry.grid(row=1, columnspan=3, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+        self.coin_set = ttk.Button(self.coin, text="Set to Amount", command=self.action_coin_set)
+        self.coin_set.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+        self.coin_insert = ttk.Button(self.coin, text="Insert Amount", command=self.action_coin_insert)
+        self.coin_insert.grid(row=2, column=1, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+        self.coin_insert = ttk.Button(self.coin, text="Insert Single", command=self.action_coin_insert_single)
+        self.coin_insert.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_insert(self, unit: int):
+        spiceapi.card_insert(self.app.connection, unit, self.card_entry.get())
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_insert_p1(self):
+        return self.action_insert(0)
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_insert_p2(self):
+        return self.action_insert(1)
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_coin_set(self):
+        spiceapi.coin_set(self.app.connection, int(self.coin_entry.get()))
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_coin_insert(self):
+        spiceapi.coin_insert(self.app.connection, int(self.coin_entry.get()))
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_coin_insert_single(self):
+        spiceapi.coin_insert(self.app.connection)
+
+
+class InfoTab(ttk.Frame):
+    """The info tab."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app, parent, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.app = app
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        # info text field
+        self.txt_info = TextField(self, read_only=True)
+        self.txt_info.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+        # refresh button
+        self.btn_refresh = ttk.Button(self, text="Refresh", command=self.action_refresh)
+        self.btn_refresh.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_refresh(self):
+
+        # get information
+        avs = spiceapi.info_avs(self.app.connection)
+        launcher = spiceapi.info_launcher(self.app.connection)
+        memory = spiceapi.info_memory(self.app.connection)
+
+        # build text
+        avs_text = ""
+        for k, v in avs.items():
+            avs_text += f"{k}: {v}\n"
+        launcher_text = ""
+        for k, v in launcher.items():
+            if isinstance(v, list):
+                launcher_text += f"{k}:\n"
+                for i in v:
+                    launcher_text += f"  {i}\n"
+            else:
+                launcher_text += f"{k}: {v}\n"
+        memory_text = ""
+        for k, v in memory.items():
+            memory_text += f"{k}: {v}\n"
+
+        # set text
+        self.txt_info.set_text(
+            f"AVS:\n{avs_text}\n"
+            f"Launcher:\n{launcher_text}\n"
+            f"Memory:\n{memory_text}"
+        )
+
+
+class ButtonsTab(ttk.Frame):
+    """The buttons tab."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app, parent, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.app = app
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        # button text field
+        self.txt_buttons = TextField(self, read_only=True)
+        self.txt_buttons.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+        # refresh button
+        self.btn_refresh = ttk.Button(self, text="Refresh", command=self.action_refresh)
+        self.btn_refresh.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_refresh(self):
+
+        # get states
+        states = spiceapi.buttons_read(self.app.connection)
+
+        # build text
+        txt = ""
+        for name, velocity, active in states:
+            state = "on" if velocity > 0 else "off"
+            active_txt = "" if active else " (inactive)"
+            txt += f"{name}: {state}{active_txt}\n"
+        if len(states) == 0:
+            txt = "No buttons available."
+
+        # set text
+        self.txt_buttons.set_text(txt)
+
+
+class AnalogsTab(ttk.Frame):
+    """The analogs tab."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app, parent, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.app = app
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        # button text field
+        self.txt_analogs = TextField(self, read_only=True)
+        self.txt_analogs.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+        # refresh button
+        self.btn_refresh = ttk.Button(self, text="Refresh", command=self.action_refresh)
+        self.btn_refresh.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_refresh(self):
+
+        # get states
+        states = spiceapi.analogs_read(self.app.connection)
+
+        # build text
+        txt = ""
+        for name, value, active in states:
+            value_txt = round(value, 2)
+            active_txt = "" if active else " (inactive)"
+            txt += f"{name}: {value_txt}{active_txt}\n"
+        if len(states) == 0:
+            txt = "No analogs available."
+
+        # set text
+        self.txt_analogs.set_text(txt)
+
+
+class LightsTab(ttk.Frame):
+    """The lights tab."""
+
+    def __init__(self, app, parent, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.app = app
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+
+        # light text field
+        self.txt_lights = TextField(self, read_only=True)
+        self.txt_lights.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=NSEW, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+        # refresh button
+        self.btn_refresh = ttk.Button(self, text="Refresh", command=self.action_refresh)
+        self.btn_refresh.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2, pady=2)
+
+    @api_action
+    def action_refresh(self):
+
+        # get states
+        states = spiceapi.lights_read(self.app.connection)
+
+        # build text
+        txt = ""
+        for name, value, active in states:
+            value_txt = round(value, 2)
+            active_txt = "" if active else " (inactive)"
+            txt += f"{name}: {value_txt}{active_txt}\n"
+        if len(states) == 0:
+            txt = "No lights available."
+
+        # set text
+        self.txt_lights.set_text(txt)
+
+
+class MainApp(ttk.Frame):
+    """The main application frame."""
+
+    def __init__(self, parent, **kwargs):
+
+        # init frame
+        ttk.Frame.__init__(self, parent, **kwargs)
+        self.parent = parent
+        self.connection = None
+
+        self.tabs = ttk.Notebook(self)
+        self.tab_control = ControlTab(self, self.tabs)
+        self.tabs.add(self.tab_control, text="Control")
+        self.tab_info = InfoTab(self, self.tabs)
+        self.tabs.add(self.tab_info, text="Info")
+        self.tab_buttons = ButtonsTab(self, self.tabs)
+        self.tabs.add(self.tab_buttons, text="Buttons")
+        self.tab_analogs = AnalogsTab(self, self.tabs)
+        self.tabs.add(self.tab_analogs, text="Analogs")
+        self.tab_lights = LightsTab(self, self.tabs)
+        self.tabs.add(self.tab_lights, text="Lights")
+        self.tab_manual = ManualTab(self, self.tabs)
+        self.tabs.add(self.tab_manual, text="Manual")
+        self.tabs.pack(expand=True, fill=tk.BOTH)
+
+        # connection panel
+        self.frm_connection = ttk.Frame(self)
+
+        # host: [field]
+        self.lbl_host = ttk.Label(self.frm_connection, text="Host:")
+        self.txt_host = ttk.Entry(self.frm_connection, width=15)
+        self.lbl_host.columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
+        self.txt_host.columnconfigure(1, weight=1)
+        self.txt_host.insert(tk.END, "localhost")
+
+        # port: [field]
+        self.lbl_port = ttk.Label(self.frm_connection, text="Port:")
+        self.txt_port = ttk.Entry(self.frm_connection, width=5)
+        self.lbl_port.columnconfigure(2, weight=1)
+        self.txt_port.columnconfigure(3, weight=1)
+        self.txt_port.insert(tk.END, "1337")
+
+        # pass: [field]
+        self.lbl_pw = ttk.Label(self.frm_connection, text="Pass:")
+        self.txt_pw = ttk.Entry(self.frm_connection, width=10)
+        self.lbl_pw.columnconfigure(4, weight=1)
+        self.txt_pw.columnconfigure(5, weight=1)
+        self.txt_pw.insert(tk.END, "debug")
+
+        # grid setup
+        self.lbl_host.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.txt_host.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.lbl_port.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.txt_port.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.lbl_pw.grid(row=0, column=4, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.txt_pw.grid(row=0, column=5, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.frm_connection.pack(fill=tk.NONE, pady=2)
+
+        # send/connect/disconnect buttons panel
+        self.frm_connect = ttk.Frame(self)
+
+        # connect button
+        self.btn_connect = ttk.Button(
+            self.frm_connect,
+            text="Connect",
+            command=self.action_connect,
+            width=10)
+
+        # disconnect button
+        self.btn_disconnect = ttk.Button(
+            self.frm_connect,
+            text="Disconnect",
+            command=self.action_disconnect,
+            width=10)
+
+        # kill button
+        self.btn_kill = ttk.Button(
+            self.frm_connect,
+            text="Kill",
+            command=self.action_kill,
+            width=10)
+
+        # restart button
+        self.btn_restart = ttk.Button(
+            self.frm_connect,
+            text="Restart",
+            command=self.action_restart,
+            width=10)
+
+        # grid setup
+        self.btn_connect.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.btn_disconnect.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.btn_kill.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.btn_restart.grid(row=0, column=4, sticky=tk.W+tk.E, padx=2)
+        self.frm_connect.pack(fill=tk.NONE, pady=2)
+
+    def action_connect(self):
+        """Gets called when the connect button is pressed."""
+
+        # retrieve connection info
+        host = self.txt_host.get()
+        port = self.txt_port.get()
+        password = self.txt_pw.get()
+
+        # check input
+        if not port.isdigit():
+            tk.messagebox.showerror("Connection Error", f"Port '{port}' is not a valid number.")
+            return
+
+        # create a new connection
+        try:
+            self.connection = spiceapi.Connection(host=host, port=int(port), password=password)
+        except OSError as e:
+            tk.messagebox.showerror("Connection Error", "Failed to connect: " + str(e))
+            return
+
+        # print success
+        tk.messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Connected.")
+
+    def action_disconnect(self):
+        """Gets called when the disconnect button is pressed."""
+
+        # check connection
+        if self.connection:
+
+            # close connection
+            self.connection.close()
+            self.connection = None
+            tk.messagebox.showinfo("Success", "Closed connection.")
+
+        else:
+
+            # print error
+            tk.messagebox.showinfo("Error", "No active connection.")
+
+    def action_kill(self):
+        """Gets called when the kill button is pressed."""
+
+        # check connection
+        if self.connection:
+            spiceapi.control_exit(self.connection)
+            self.connection = None
+        else:
+            tk.messagebox.showinfo("Error", "No active connection.")
+
+    def action_restart(self):
+        """Gets called when the restart button is pressed."""
+
+        # check connection
+        if self.connection:
+            spiceapi.control_restart(self.connection)
+            self.connection = None
+        else:
+            tk.messagebox.showinfo("Error", "No active connection.")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+
+    # create root
+    root = tk.Tk()
+    root.title("SpiceRemote")
+    root.geometry("500x300")
+
+    # set theme
+    preferred_theme = "clam"
+    s = ttk.Style(root)
+    if preferred_theme in s.theme_names():
+        s.theme_use(preferred_theme)
+
+    # add application
+    MainApp(root).pack(side=tk.TOP, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True)
+
+    # run root
+    root.mainloop()
diff --git a/api/resources/python/stringreplace.py b/api/resources/python/stringreplace.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3249ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/resources/python/stringreplace.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import binascii
+import spiceapi
+import argparse
+
+
+def patch_string(con, dll_name: str, find: str, replace: str):
+    while True:
+        try:
+
+            # replace first result
+            address = spiceapi.memory_signature(
+                con, dll_name,
+                binascii.hexlify(bytes(find, "utf-8")).decode("utf-8"),
+                binascii.hexlify(bytes(replace, "utf-8")).decode("utf-8"),
+                0, 0)
+
+            # print findings
+            print("{}: {} = {} => {}".format(
+                dll_name,
+                hex(address),
+                find,
+                replace))
+
+        except spiceapi.APIError:
+
+            # this happens when the signature wasn't found anymore
+            break
+
+
+def main():
+
+    # parse args
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="SpiceAPI string replacer")
+    parser.add_argument("host", type=str, help="The host to connect to")
+    parser.add_argument("port", type=int, help="The port the host is using")
+    parser.add_argument("password", type=str, help="The pass the host is using")
+    parser.add_argument("dll", type=str, help="The DLL to patch")
+    parser.add_argument("find", type=str, help="The string to find")
+    parser.add_argument("replace", type=str, help="The string to replace with")
+    args = parser.parse_args()
+
+    # connect
+    con = spiceapi.Connection(host=args.host, port=args.port, password=args.password)
+
+    # replace the string
+    patch_string(con, args.dll, args.find, args.replace)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/api/response.cpp b/api/response.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74760c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/response.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/writer.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "response.h"
+
+using namespace api;
+
+Response::Response(uint64_t id) {
+
+    // load template
+    document.Parse(
+            "{"
+            "\"id\": -1,"
+            "\"errors\": [],"
+            "\"data\": []"
+            "}"
+    );
+
+    // check for error
+    auto error = document.GetParseError();
+    if (error)
+        log_warning("api", "response template parse error: {}", error);
+
+    // set ID
+    document["id"].SetUint64(id);
+
+    // get fields
+    this->errors = document["errors"];
+    this->data = document["data"];
+}
+
+std::string Response::get_string(bool pretty) {
+
+    // apply errors and data
+    this->document["errors"] = this->errors;
+    this->document["data"] = this->data;
+
+    // generate string
+    rapidjson::StringBuffer sb;
+    if (pretty) {
+        rapidjson::PrettyWriter<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(sb);
+        this->document.Accept(writer);
+    } else {
+        rapidjson::Writer<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(sb);
+        this->document.Accept(writer);
+    }
+    return std::string(sb.GetString());
+}
diff --git a/api/response.h b/api/response.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63e7e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/response.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+
+namespace api {
+
+    class Response {
+    private:
+        rapidjson::Document document;
+        rapidjson::Value errors;
+        rapidjson::Value data;
+
+    public:
+        std::string password;
+        bool password_changed = false;
+
+        Response(uint64_t id);
+
+        template <class T> void add_error(T& error) {
+            this->errors.PushBack(error, document.GetAllocator());
+        };
+        template <class T> void add_data(T& data) {
+            this->data.PushBack(data, document.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        std::string get_string(bool pretty=false);
+
+        inline rapidjson::Document* doc() {
+            return &document;
+        }
+
+        inline void password_change(std::string password) {
+            this->password = password;
+            this->password_changed = true;
+        }
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/serial.cpp b/api/serial.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1beee6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/serial.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#include "controller.h"
+#include "serial.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+
+namespace api {
+
+    SerialController::SerialController(Controller *controller, std::string port, DWORD baud)
+    : controller(controller), port(std::move(port)), baud(baud) {
+        this->state = new ClientState();
+        controller->init_state(this->state);
+        this->thread = new std::thread([this] () {
+            log_warning("api::serial", "listening on {} (baud: {})", this->port, this->baud);
+
+            // read buffer
+            uint8_t read_buffer[16*1024];
+            size_t read_buffer_len = 0;
+
+            // serial retry loop
+            while (this->running) {
+
+                // try to open port
+                if (this->handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                    this->open_port();
+                }
+
+                // reset in-buffer
+                read_buffer_len = 0;
+
+                // connection loop
+                DWORD retry_time = 1000;
+                while (this->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                    retry_time = 1000;
+                    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+
+                    // check if we need to wait for incoming data first
+                    bool messages_in_buffer = false;
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer_len; i++) {
+                        if (read_buffer[i] == 0x00) {
+                            messages_in_buffer = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // read data
+                    if (!messages_in_buffer && (!ReadFile(
+                            this->handle,
+                            &read_buffer[read_buffer_len],
+                            sizeof(read_buffer) - read_buffer_len, &bytes_read,
+                            nullptr) || bytes_read == 0)) {
+
+                        // open new connection
+                        log_warning("api::serial", "read error on {}", this->port);
+                        this->free_port();
+                        break;
+
+                    } else {
+                        //log_info("api::serial::in", "{}", bin2hex(read_buffer + read_buffer_len, bytes_read));
+
+                        // check for reset
+                        if (read_buffer_len + bytes_read > 7) {
+                            size_t zero_counter = 0;
+                            for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer_len + bytes_read; i++) {
+                                if (read_buffer[i] == 0x00) {
+                                    if (++zero_counter == 8) {
+
+                                        // reset password
+                                        state->password = this->controller->get_password();
+                                        state->password_change = true;
+                                        Controller::process_password_change(state);
+
+                                        // drop input
+                                        size_t new_length = 0;
+                                        while (++i < read_buffer_len + bytes_read) {
+                                            read_buffer[new_length++] = read_buffer[i];
+                                        }
+                                        bytes_read = new_length;
+                                        read_buffer_len = 0;
+                                        log_info("api::serial", "session reset, remaining bytes: {} {}", bytes_read, bin2hex(read_buffer, bytes_read));
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                } else {
+                                    zero_counter = 0;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // crypt in-data
+                        if (state->cipher) {
+                            state->cipher->crypt(&read_buffer[read_buffer_len], bytes_read);
+                        }
+
+                        // adjust size
+                        read_buffer_len += bytes_read;
+
+                        // check if message complete
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer_len; ++i) {
+                            if (read_buffer[i] != 0x00) {
+                                continue;
+                            } else {
+
+                                // process request
+                                std::vector<char> out;
+                                if (!this->controller->process_request(
+                                        state,
+                                        (const char*) &read_buffer[0], read_buffer_len, &out)) {
+
+                                    // open new connection
+                                    log_warning("api::serial", "process error on {} (length {})",
+                                                this->port, i - 1);
+                                    this->free_port();
+                                    retry_time = 5;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+
+                                // adjust in-buffer
+                                if (i == read_buffer_len - 1) {
+                                    read_buffer_len = 0;
+                                } else {
+                                    size_t new_length = 0;
+                                    while (i < read_buffer_len) {
+                                        read_buffer[new_length++] = read_buffer[i++];
+                                    }
+                                    read_buffer_len = new_length;
+                                }
+
+                                // crypt out-data
+                                if (state->cipher) {
+                                    state->cipher->crypt((uint8_t*) out.data(), out.size());
+                                }
+
+                                // send answer
+                                DWORD bytes_written = 0;
+                                if (!WriteFile(
+                                        this->handle,
+                                        out.data(),
+                                        out.size(),
+                                        &bytes_written,
+                                        nullptr) || bytes_written != out.size()) {
+
+                                    // open new connection
+                                    log_warning("api::serial", "write error on {}", this->port);
+                                    this->free_port();
+                                    break;
+                                }
+
+                                // check for password change
+                                Controller::process_password_change(state);
+                                //log_info("api::serial::out", "{}", bin2hex(out));
+                                read_buffer_len = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // slow down on reconnect
+                if (this->running) {
+                    Sleep(retry_time);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    SerialController::~SerialController() {
+        this->free_port();
+        this->running = false;
+        this->thread->join();
+        delete this->thread;
+        delete this->state;
+    }
+
+    void SerialController::open_port() {
+
+        // free resources
+        this->free_port();
+
+        // open port
+        this->handle = CreateFile(
+                this->port.c_str(),
+                GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+                0,
+                nullptr,
+                OPEN_EXISTING,
+                0,
+                nullptr);
+
+        // check if open failed
+        if (this->handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            log_warning("api::serial", "failed to open port {}", port);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // settings
+        DCB serial_params{};
+        serial_params.DCBlength = sizeof(serial_params);
+        if (!GetCommState(this->handle, &serial_params)) {
+            log_warning("api::serial", "{}: unable to get COM port state: 0x{:x}", port, GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // set params
+        serial_params.BaudRate = this->baud;
+        serial_params.ByteSize = 8;
+        serial_params.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
+        serial_params.Parity = NOPARITY;
+        if (!SetCommState(this->handle, &serial_params)) {
+            log_warning("api::serial", "{}: unable to set COM port state: 0x{:x}", port, GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // timeouts
+        COMMTIMEOUTS timeouts{};
+        timeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = 5;
+        timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 0;
+        timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 0;
+        timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 30;
+        timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 5;
+        if (!SetCommTimeouts(this->handle, &timeouts)) {
+            log_warning("api::serial", "{}: unable to set COM port timeouts: 0x{:x}", port, GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // reset password
+        state->password_change = true;
+        Controller::process_password_change(state);
+        log_info("api::serial", "listening on {}/{}", port, baud);
+    }
+
+    void SerialController::free_port() {
+        if (this->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            CloseHandle(this->handle);
+            this->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/serial.h b/api/serial.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c997ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/serial.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace api {
+
+    class Controller;
+    struct ClientState;
+
+    class SerialController {
+    public:
+
+        SerialController(Controller *controller, std::string port, DWORD baud);
+        ~SerialController();
+
+        void open_port();
+        void free_port();
+
+    private:
+        Controller *controller = nullptr;
+        std::string port = "";
+        DWORD baud = 0;
+        HANDLE handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        std::thread *thread = nullptr;
+        ClientState *state = nullptr;
+        bool running = true;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/api/websocket.cpp b/api/websocket.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e453588
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/websocket.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#define HEADSOCKET_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "external/headsocket.h"
+
+#include "websocket.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/rc4.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "controller.h"
+
+using namespace headsocket;
+
+namespace api {
+
+    /*
+     * Client class declaration
+     */
+    class WebSocketClient : public web_socket_client {
+
+        // required class header
+        HEADSOCKET_CLIENT(WebSocketClient, web_socket_client);
+
+    private:
+        ClientState *state = nullptr;
+
+    protected:
+        bool async_received_data(const data_block &db, uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) override;
+
+        void on_accept() override;
+        void on_disconnect() override;
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * Server class declaration
+     */
+    class WebSocketServer : public web_socket_server<WebSocketClient> {
+        HEADSOCKET_SERVER(WebSocketServer, web_socket_server);
+    public:
+        WebSocketController *websocket;
+    };
+
+    void api::WebSocketServer::init() {}
+
+    /*
+     * Controller state so we don't have to import headsocket stuff in our header
+     */
+    struct WebSocketControllerState {
+        std::shared_ptr<WebSocketServer> server;
+    };
+
+    WebSocketController::WebSocketController(Controller *controller, uint16_t port) {
+        this->controller = controller;
+
+        // create state
+        this->state = new WebSocketControllerState();
+
+        // start server
+        this->state->server = WebSocketServer::create(port);
+        this->state->server->websocket = this;
+        if (this->state->server->is_running()) {
+            log_info("api::websocket", "server listening on port: {}", port);
+        } else {
+            log_warning("api::websocket", "server failed to listen on port: {}", port);
+        }
+    }
+
+    WebSocketController::~WebSocketController() {
+
+        // stop server
+        this->state->server->stop();
+
+        // delete state
+        delete this->state;
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketController::free_socket() {
+        this->state->server->stop();
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketClient::on_accept() {
+        web_socket_client::on_accept();
+
+        // get pointer to server
+        auto srv = reinterpret_cast<WebSocketServer *>(server().get());
+        if (!srv || !srv->websocket) {
+            log_fatal("api::websocket", "on_accept has no server");
+        }
+
+        // check for init
+        state = new ClientState();
+        srv->websocket->controller->init_state(state);
+
+        // log connection
+        log_info("api::websocket", "client connected");
+    }
+
+    void WebSocketClient::on_disconnect() {
+
+        // log disconnection
+        log_info("api::websocket", "client disconnected");
+
+        // get pointer to server
+        auto srv = reinterpret_cast<WebSocketServer *>(server().get());
+        if (!srv || !srv->websocket) {
+            log_fatal("api::websocket", "on_disconnect has no server");
+        }
+
+        // clean up state
+        srv->websocket->controller->free_state(state);
+        delete state;
+        state = nullptr;
+
+        // call super
+        web_socket_client::on_disconnect();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * This is where business actually happens, gets called on every datablock receive
+     */
+    bool WebSocketClient::async_received_data(const data_block &db, uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) {
+
+        // get pointer to server
+        auto srv = reinterpret_cast<WebSocketServer *>(server().get());
+        if (!srv || !srv->websocket) {
+            log_fatal("api::websocket", "received datablock without server");
+        }
+
+        // check state
+        if (!state) {
+            log_fatal("api::websocket", "client with no state received datablock");
+        }
+
+        // check datablock type
+        switch (db.op) {
+            case opcode::binary: {
+
+                // allocate buffers
+                std::vector<char> in(ptr, ptr + length);
+                std::vector<char> out;
+
+                // crypt in-data
+                if (state->cipher) {
+                    state->cipher->crypt(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(in.data()), in.size());
+                }
+
+                // process request
+                srv->websocket->controller->process_request(state, &in, &out);
+
+                // crypt out-data
+                if (state->cipher) {
+                    state->cipher->crypt(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(out.data()), out.size());
+                }
+
+                // send answer
+                push(out.data(), out.size());
+
+                // check for password change
+                srv->websocket->controller->process_password_change(state);
+
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                log_warning("api::websocket", "datablock received with non-binary type");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // always consume the datablock, nomnom
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/api/websocket.h b/api/websocket.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c385a63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/api/websocket.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <thread>
+
+namespace api {
+
+    struct WebSocketControllerState;
+    class Controller;
+
+    class WebSocketController {
+    public:
+
+        WebSocketController(Controller *controller, uint16_t port);
+        ~WebSocketController();
+
+        void free_socket();
+        Controller *controller = nullptr;
+        WebSocketControllerState *state = nullptr;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/avs/automap.cpp b/avs/automap.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f2fe43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/automap.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+#include "automap.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include "external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "./core.h"
+
+// macro for easy hooking
+#define AUTOMAP_HOOK(s) detour::iat_try_proc(avs::core::DLL_NAME.c_str(), avs::core::s, s)
+
+namespace avs::automap {
+
+    // state
+    bool ENABLED = false;
+    bool DUMP = false;
+    bool PATCH = false;
+    bool JSON = false;
+    bool RESTRICT_NETWORK = false;
+    std::string DUMP_FILENAME = "";
+
+    // logging
+    static std::ofstream LOGFILE;
+    static std::vector<std::pair<AutomapHook_t, void*>> HOOKS;
+
+
+    static bool property_is_network(avs::core::property_ptr prop, avs::core::node_ptr node = nullptr) {
+        avs::core::node_ptr root_node = nullptr;
+
+        /*
+         * on failure to detect, we must return true
+         * most of the time, no prop is specified
+         */
+
+        // get root node
+        if (prop) {
+
+            // when prop is specified, this is easy
+            root_node = avs::core::property_search(prop, nullptr, "/");
+
+        } else if (node) {
+
+
+            // otherwise we need to traverse
+            root_node = node;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+                auto parent_node = avs::core::property_node_traversal(node, avs::core::TRAVERSE_PARENT);
+                if (parent_node == root_node || parent_node == nullptr) {
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    root_node = parent_node;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // verify root node
+        if (!root_node) {
+            if (prop != nullptr) {
+                avs::core::property_clear_error(prop);
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // check name
+        char root_name[256] {};
+        if (avs::core::property_node_name(root_node, root_name, sizeof(root_name)) >= 0) {
+            return !strcmp(root_name, "call") || !strcmp(root_name, "response");
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool property_patches_enabled(avs::core::property_ptr prop, avs::core::node_ptr node = nullptr,
+            bool force = false) {
+        if (!ENABLED) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check if patches are enabled first
+        if (!PATCH) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (force) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // check if restricted to network
+        if (RESTRICT_NETWORK) {
+            return property_is_network(prop, node);
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool property_dump_enabled(avs::core::property_ptr prop, avs::core::node_ptr node = nullptr) {
+        if (!ENABLED) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check if dumps are enabled first
+        if (!DUMP && HOOKS.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check if restricted to network
+        if (RESTRICT_NETWORK) {
+            return property_is_network(prop, node);
+        } else {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint32_t property_get_error(avs::core::property_ptr prop) {
+        auto error = avs::core::property_get_error(prop);
+        if (error != 0 && prop != nullptr) {
+            log_misc("automap", "detected error: {}", error);
+            avs::core::property_clear_error(prop);
+            return avs::core::property_get_error(prop);
+        }
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    avs::core::node_ptr property_search(avs::core::property_ptr prop, avs::core::node_ptr node, const char *path) {
+
+        // call original
+        auto result = avs::core::property_search(prop, node, path);
+        if (result != nullptr) {
+            return result;
+        } else if (!property_patches_enabled(prop, node)) {
+            log_misc("automap", "property_search error: {}", path ? path : "?");
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // create node
+        log_misc("automap", "property_search error: {}", path ? path : "?");
+        static const uint8_t zero_buffer[64] {};
+        avs::core::property_node_create(prop, node, avs::core::NODE_TYPE_node, path, zero_buffer);
+
+        // clear error
+        if (prop) {
+            avs::core::property_clear_error(prop);
+        }
+
+        // now try again
+        return avs::core::property_search(prop, node, path);
+    }
+
+    int property_node_refer(avs::core::property_ptr prop, avs::core::node_ptr node, const char *path,
+            avs::core::node_type type, void *data, uint32_t data_size) {
+        auto result = avs::core::property_node_refer(prop, node, path, type, data, data_size);
+        if (result >= 0) {
+            return result;
+        } else if (!property_patches_enabled(prop, node)) {
+            log_misc("automap", "property_node_refer error: {}", path ? path : "?");
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // check if accessed by path
+        if (!path) {
+
+            // print log without path
+            log_misc("automap", "node refer error: {}", result);
+
+        } else {
+            std::string path_str(path);
+
+            // prevent infinite loop in cardmng
+            if (string_begins_with(path_str, "/card_allow/card")) {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            // print log with path
+            log_misc("automap", "node refer error ({}): {}", path, result);
+            if (path_str == "/") {
+                return result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // maybe it *does* exist, but with the wrong type
+        auto find_node = avs::core::property_search(prop, node, path);
+        if (find_node != nullptr) {
+
+            // now get rid of it
+            avs::core::property_node_remove(find_node);
+        }
+
+        // fake buffer if required
+        uint8_t *buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(data);
+        auto buffer_size = data_size;
+        if (buffer == nullptr || buffer_size == 0) {
+            static uint8_t zero_buffer[64];
+            buffer = zero_buffer;
+            buffer_size = sizeof(zero_buffer);
+        }
+
+        // initialize field
+        memset(buffer, 0, buffer_size);
+        if ((type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_attr || type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str) && buffer_size > 1) {
+
+            // init attributes and strings with "0" by default - useful for "status" or "error" fields
+            buffer[0] = '0';
+            buffer[1] = '\x00';
+        }
+        if (path) {
+
+            // for numbers and counts we fake a 1 to get a single entry
+            if (string_ends_with(path, "num") || string_ends_with(path, "count")) {
+                if ((type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_attr || type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str) && buffer_size > 1) {
+                    buffer[0] = '1';
+                    buffer[1] = '\x00';
+                } else if (buffer_size > 0) {
+                    buffer[0] = 0x01;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add to property
+        avs::core::property_node_create(prop, node, type, path, buffer);
+
+        // clear error
+        if (prop) {
+            avs::core::property_clear_error(prop);
+        }
+
+        // try again
+        return avs::core::property_node_refer(prop, node, path, type, data, data_size);
+    }
+
+    avs::core::avs_error_t property_get_attribute_u32(
+            avs::core::property_ptr prop,
+            avs::core::node_ptr node,
+            const char *path,
+            uint32_t *value)
+    {
+        auto result = avs::core::property_get_attribute_u32(prop, node, path, value);
+        if (result < 0 && property_patches_enabled(prop, node, true)) {
+            log_warning("automap", "property_get_attribute_u32 failed: {}", path ? path : "?");
+            const char *data = "0";
+            avs::core::property_node_create(prop, node, avs::core::NODE_TYPE_attr, path, data);
+            return avs::core::property_get_attribute_u32(prop, node, path, value);
+        } else {
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    avs::core::avs_error_t property_get_attribute_s32(
+            avs::core::property_ptr prop,
+            avs::core::node_ptr node,
+            const char *path,
+            int32_t *value)
+    {
+        auto result = avs::core::property_get_attribute_s32(prop, node, path, value);
+        if (result < 0 && property_patches_enabled(prop, node, true)) {
+            log_warning("automap", "property_get_attribute_s32 failed: {}", path ? path : "?");
+            const char *data = "0";
+            avs::core::property_node_create(prop, node, avs::core::NODE_TYPE_attr, path, data);
+            return avs::core::property_get_attribute_s32(prop, node, path, value);
+        } else {
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int property_node_read(avs::core::node_ptr node, avs::core::node_type type, void *data, uint32_t data_size) {
+        auto result = avs::core::property_node_read(node, type, data, data_size);
+        if (result < 0 && property_patches_enabled(nullptr, node)) {
+            log_warning("automap", "property_node_read failed ({}): {}", type, result);
+
+            // probably wrong type
+            memset(data, 0, data_size);
+            if ((type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_attr || type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str) && data_size > 1) {
+                ((char *) data)[0] = '0';
+                ((char *) data)[1] = '\x00';
+                data_size = 2;
+            }
+
+            // recreate the node with the correct type (probably invalidates the pointer, how to fix?)
+            auto parent_node = avs::core::property_node_traversal(node, avs::core::TRAVERSE_PARENT);
+            if (parent_node && parent_node != node) {
+                char name_buf[256] {};
+                if (avs::core::property_node_name(node, name_buf, sizeof(name_buf)) >= 0) {
+                    log_warning("automap", "property_node_read replace type ({}): {}", type, result);
+                    avs::core::property_node_remove(node);
+                    avs::core::property_node_create(nullptr, parent_node, type, name_buf, data);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // return input data size
+            return data_size;
+
+        } else {
+            return result;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool property_psmap_export(avs::core::property_ptr prop, avs::core::node_ptr node, uint8_t *data,
+            avs::core::psmap_data_ptr psmap) {
+
+        // check if enabled
+        if (property_patches_enabled(prop, node)) {
+
+            // iterate psmap
+            for (size_t i = 0; psmap[i].type != 0xFF; i++) {
+                auto &cur_entry = psmap[i];
+
+                // determine node type
+                avs::core::node_type node_type;
+                switch (cur_entry.type) {
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_s8:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_s8;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_u8:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_u8;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_s16:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_s16;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_u16:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_u16;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_s32:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_s32;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_u32:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_u32;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_s64:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_s64;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_u64:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_u64;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_str:
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_str2:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_attr:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_attr;
+                        break;
+                    case avs::core::PSMAP_TYPE_bool:
+                        node_type = avs::core::NODE_TYPE_bool;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        node_type = (avs::core::node_type) 0;
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                // check if node type was found
+                if (node_type != 0) {
+
+                    // get rid of existing nodes with type mismatch
+                    auto node_search = avs::core::property_search(prop, node, cur_entry.path);
+                    if (node_search) {
+                        auto node_search_type = avs::core::property_node_type(node_search);
+                        if (node_type != node_search_type) {
+                            log_misc("automap", "psmap type mismatch, replacing node: {}", cur_entry.path);
+                            avs::core::property_node_remove(node_search);
+                        } else {
+
+                            // this one seems to be fine actually!
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // generate node
+                    log_misc("automap", "generating psmap node: {}", cur_entry.path);
+                    uint8_t node_data[64]{};
+                    if (node_type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_attr || node_type == avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str) {
+                        node_data[0] = '0';
+                        node_data[1] = '\x00';
+                    }
+                    avs::core::property_node_create(prop, node, node_type, cur_entry.path, node_data);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // now we call the original
+        return avs::core::property_psmap_export(prop, node, data, psmap);
+    }
+
+    avs::core::avs_error_t property_destroy(avs::core::property_ptr prop) {
+
+        // we definitely need a property for this to work
+        if (prop == NULL) {
+            log_warning("automap", "property_destroy called on NULL");
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // check if dump is enabled
+        if (property_dump_enabled(prop)) {
+
+            // convert to XML
+            avs::core::property_set_flag(prop, avs::core::PROP_XML, avs::core::PROP_BINARY);
+
+            // optionally reconvert to JSON
+            if (JSON) {
+                avs::core::property_set_flag(prop, avs::core::PROP_JSON, avs::core::PROP_XML);
+            }
+
+            // query size
+            auto size = avs::core::property_query_size(prop);
+            if (size < 0) {
+                log_warning("automap", "couldn't query property size");
+            } else {
+                log_misc("automap", "writing property to file: {} bytes", size);
+
+                // get XML
+                std::vector<uint8_t> data(size);
+                if (avs::core::property_mem_write(prop, &data[0], data.size()) >= 0) {
+
+                    // initialize log
+                    if (DUMP && !LOGFILE.is_open()) {
+
+                        // try filenames with IDs starting at 0
+                        for (int i = 0; i < 10000 && !LOGFILE.is_open(); i++) {
+                            std::string path = "automap_" + to_string(i) + ".xml";
+
+                            // check if this one is available to use
+                            if (!fileutils::file_exists(path)) {
+
+                                // try creating the file
+                                LOGFILE.open(path, std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
+                                if (LOGFILE.is_open()) {
+                                    DUMP_FILENAME = path;
+                                    log_info("automap", "using logfile: {}", path);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // prettify
+                    tinyxml2::XMLDocument document;
+                    if (!JSON && document.Parse((const char*) &data[0],
+                            data.size()) == tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS) {
+
+                        // write pretty output to log
+                        tinyxml2::XMLPrinter xml_printer;
+                        document.Print(&xml_printer);
+                        for (auto &hook : HOOKS) {
+                            hook.first(hook.second, xml_printer.CStr());
+                        }
+                        if (DUMP && LOGFILE.is_open()) {
+                            LOGFILE << xml_printer.CStr() << std::endl;
+                        }
+
+                    } else {
+
+                        // write avs output to log
+                        for (auto &hook : HOOKS) {
+                            hook.first(hook.second, std::string((const char *) &data[0], data.size()).c_str());
+                        }
+                        if (DUMP && LOGFILE.is_open()) {
+                            LOGFILE << std::string((const char *) &data[0], data.size());
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // flush
+                    LOGFILE.flush();
+
+                } else {
+                    log_warning("automap", "couldn't write property to memory");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // kill it with fire
+        return avs::core::property_destroy(prop);
+    }
+
+    void enable() {
+        log_info("automap", "enable");
+        ENABLED = true;
+
+        // check if optional imports are supported for this avs version
+        if (!avs::core::property_node_read || !avs::core::property_get_error) {
+            log_fatal("automap", "missing optional avs imports which are required for this module to work");
+        }
+
+        // apply hooks
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_get_error);
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_search);
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_node_refer);
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_get_attribute_u32);
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_get_attribute_s32);
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_node_read);
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_psmap_export);
+        AUTOMAP_HOOK(property_destroy);
+    }
+
+    void disable() {
+        log_info("automap", "disable");
+        ENABLED = false;
+    }
+
+    void hook_add(AutomapHook_t hook, void *user) {
+        HOOKS.push_back(std::pair(hook, user));
+    }
+
+    void hook_remove(AutomapHook_t hook, void *user) {
+        HOOKS.erase(std::remove(HOOKS.begin(), HOOKS.end(), std::pair(hook, user)), HOOKS.end());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/avs/automap.h b/avs/automap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a55da8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/automap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace avs::automap {
+
+    extern bool ENABLED;
+    extern bool DUMP;
+    extern bool PATCH;
+    extern bool JSON;
+    extern bool RESTRICT_NETWORK;
+    extern std::string DUMP_FILENAME;
+
+    void enable();
+    void disable();
+
+    // log hooks
+    typedef void (*AutomapHook_t)(void *user, const char *data);
+    void hook_add(AutomapHook_t hook, void *user);
+    void hook_remove(AutomapHook_t hook, void *user);
+}
diff --git a/avs/core.cpp b/avs/core.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d3285c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/core.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2172 @@
+#include "core.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "external/robin_hood.h"
+#include "launcher/logger.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace avs {
+
+    namespace core {
+
+        // functions
+        AVS215_BOOT_T avs215_boot {};
+        AVS216_BOOT_T avs216_boot {};
+        AVS_SHUTDOWN_T avs_shutdown {};
+        PROPERTY_CREATE_T property_create {};
+        PROPERTY_DESC_TO_BUFFER_T property_desc_to_buffer {};
+        PROPERTY_DESTROY_T property_destroy {};
+        PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_T property_insert_read {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_CREATE_T property_node_create {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_REFER_T property_node_refer {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_REMOVE_T property_node_remove {};
+        PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_T property_read_query_memsize {};
+        PROPERTY_SEARCH_T property_search {};
+        STD_SETENV_T avs_std_setenv {};
+
+        // optional functions
+        AVS_FS_OPEN_T avs_fs_open {};
+        AVS_FS_CLOSE_T avs_fs_close {};
+        AVS_FS_DUMP_MOUNTPOINT_T avs_fs_dump_mountpoint {};
+        AVS_FS_MOUNT_T avs_fs_mount {};
+        AVS_FS_COPY_T avs_fs_copy {};
+        AVS_FS_FSTAT_T avs_fs_fstat {};
+        AVS_FS_LSTAT_T avs_fs_lstat {};
+        AVS_FS_LSEEK_T avs_fs_lseek {};
+        AVS_FS_READ_T avs_fs_read {};
+        AVS_FS_OPENDIR_T avs_fs_opendir {};
+        AVS_FS_READDIR_T avs_fs_readdir {};
+        AVS_FS_CLOSEDIR_T avs_fs_closedir {};
+        CSTREAM_CREATE_T cstream_create {};
+        CSTREAM_OPERATE_T cstream_operate {};
+        CSTREAM_FINISH_T cstream_finish {};
+        CSTREAM_DESTROY_T cstream_destroy {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_READ_T property_node_read {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_WRITE_T property_node_write {};
+        PROPERTY_FILE_WRITE_T property_file_write {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_TRAVERSAL_T property_node_traversal {};
+        PROPERTY_PSMAP_EXPORT_T property_psmap_export {};
+        PROPERTY_PSMAP_IMPORT_T property_psmap_import {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_NAME_T property_node_name {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_GET_DESC_T property_node_get_desc {};
+        PROPERTY_GET_ERROR_T property_get_error {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_CLONE_T property_node_clone {};
+        PROPERTY_QUERY_SIZE_T property_query_size {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_QUERY_STAT_T property_node_query_stat {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_DATASIZE_T property_node_datasize {};
+        PROPERTY_MEM_WRITE_T property_mem_write {};
+        PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_T property_part_write {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_ABSOLUTE_PATH_T property_node_absolute_path {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_HAS_T property_node_has {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_IS_ARRAY_T property_node_is_array {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_TYPE_T property_node_type {};
+        PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T property_get_attribute_bool {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T property_node_get_attribute_bool {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T property_node_get_attribute_u32 {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T property_node_get_attribute_s32 {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_RENAME_T property_node_rename {};
+        PROPERTY_QUERY_FREESIZE_T property_query_freesize {};
+        PROPERTY_CLEAR_ERROR_T property_clear_error {};
+        PROPERTY_LOOKUP_ENCODE_T property_lookup_encode {};
+        PROPERTY_UNLOCK_FLAG_T property_unlock_flag {};
+        PROPERTY_LOCK_FLAG_T property_lock_flag {};
+        PROPERTY_SET_FLAG_T property_set_flag {};
+        PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META_T property_part_write_meta {};
+        PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META2_T property_part_write_meta2 {};
+        PROPERTY_READ_DATA_T property_read_data {};
+        PROPERTY_READ_META_T property_read_meta {};
+        PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T property_get_attribute_u32 {};
+        PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T property_get_attribute_s32 {};
+        PROPERTY_GET_FINGERPRINT_T property_get_fingerprint {};
+        PROPERTY_NODE_REFDATA_T property_node_refdata {};
+        PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_WITH_FILENAME_T property_insert_read_with_filename {};
+        PROPERTY_MEM_READ_T property_mem_read {};
+        PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_LONG_T property_read_query_memsize_long {};
+        PROPERTY_CLEAR_T property_clear {};
+        AVS_NET_SOCKET_T avs_net_socket {};
+        AVS_NET_GETSOCKOPT_T avs_net_getsockopt {};
+        AVS_NET_SETSOCKOPT_T avs_net_setsockopt {};
+        AVS_NET_CONNECT_T avs_net_connect {};
+        AVS_NET_SEND_T avs_net_send {};
+        AVS_NET_RECV_T avs_net_recv {};
+        AVS_NET_POLL_T avs_net_poll {};
+        AVS_NET_POLLFDS_ADD_T avs_net_pollfds_add {};
+        AVS_NET_POLLFDS_GET_T avs_net_pollfds_get {};
+        AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_T avs_net_add_protocol {};
+        AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_LEGACY_T avs_net_add_protocol_legacy {};
+        AVS_NET_DEL_PROTOCOL_T avs_net_del_protocol {};
+        AVS_NET_ADDRINFOBYADDR_T avs_net_addrinfobyaddr {};
+        AVS_NET_BIND_T avs_net_bind {};
+        AVS_NET_CLOSE_T avs_net_close {};
+        AVS_NET_SHUTDOWN_T avs_net_shutdown {};
+        AVS_NET_GET_PEERNAME_T avs_net_get_peername {};
+        AVS_NET_GET_SOCKNAME_T avs_net_get_sockname {};
+
+        // state
+        avs_core_import IMPORT_NAMES {};
+
+        // settings
+        Version VERSION = AVS21580;
+        std::string VERSION_STR = "unknown";
+        size_t HEAP_SIZE = 0x1000000;
+        bool DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE_SET = false;
+        std::string LOG_PATH;
+        std::string CFG_PATH;
+        std::string LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM;
+
+        // handle
+        HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+        std::string DLL_NAME = "";
+
+        // static fields
+        static void *AVS_HEAP1 = nullptr;
+        static void *AVS_HEAP2 = nullptr;
+
+        // constants
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_LEGACY {
+            .version                     = "legacy",
+            .property_search             = "property_search",
+            .boot                        = "avs_boot",
+            .shutdown                    = "avs_shutdown",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "property_desc_to_buffer",
+            .property_destroy            = "property_destroy",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "property_read_query_memsize",
+            .property_create             = "property_create",
+            .property_insert_read        = "property_insert_read",
+            .property_node_create        = "property_node_create",
+            .property_node_remove        = "property_node_remove",
+            .property_node_refer         = "property_node_refer",
+            .std_setenv                  = "std_setenv",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "avs_fs_open",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "avs_fs_copy",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "avs_fs_close",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "avs_fs_dump_mountpoint",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "avs_fs_mount",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "avs_fs_fstat",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "avs_fs_lstat",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "avs_fs_lseek",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "avs_fs_read",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "avs_fs_opendir",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "avs_fs_readdir",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "avs_fs_closedir",
+            .cstream_create                     = "cstream_create",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "cstream_operate",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "cstream_finish",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "cstream_destroy",
+            .property_node_read                 = "property_node_read",
+            .property_node_write                = "property_node_write",
+            .property_file_write                = "property_file_write",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "property_node_traversal",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "property_psmap_export",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "property_psmap_import",
+            .property_node_name                 = "property_node_name",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "property_node_get_desc",
+            .property_get_error                 = "property_get_error",
+            .property_node_clone                = "property_node_clone",
+            .property_query_size                = "property_query_size",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "property_node_query_stat",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "property_node_datasize",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "property_mem_write",
+            .property_part_write                = "property_part_write",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "property_node_absolute_path",
+            .property_node_has                  = "property_node_has",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "property_node_is_array",
+            .property_node_type                 = "property_node_type",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "property_get_attribute_bool",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "property_node_get_attribute_bool",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "property_node_get_attribute_u32",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "property_node_get_attribute_s32",
+            .property_node_rename               = "property_node_rename",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "property_query_freesize",
+            .property_clear_error               = "property_clear_error",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "property_lookup_encode",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "property_unlock_flag",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "property_lock_flag",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "property_set_flag",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "property_part_write_meta",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "property_part_write_meta2",
+            .property_read_data                 = "property_read_data",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "property_read_meta",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "property_get_attribute_u32",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "property_get_attribute_s32",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "property_get_fingerprint",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "property_node_refdata",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "property_insert_read_with_filename",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "property_mem_read",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "property_read_query_memsize_long",
+            .property_clear                     = "property_clear",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "avs_net_add_protocol",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "avs_net_del_protocol",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "avs_net_addrinfobyaddr",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "avs_net_socket",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "avs_net_setsockopt",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "avs_net_getsockopt",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "avs_net_connect",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "avs_net_send",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "avs_net_recv",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "avs_net_poll",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "avs_net_pollfds_add",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "avs_net_pollfds_get",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "avs_net_bind",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "avs_net_close",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "avs_net_shutdown",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "avs_net_get_peername",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "avs_net_get_sockname",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21360 {
+            .version                     = "2.13.6.0",
+            .property_search             = "XC058ba50000fb",
+            .boot                        = "XC058ba50000f4",
+            .shutdown                    = "XC058ba5000154",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XC058ba50000cd",
+            .property_destroy            = "XC058ba500010f",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XC058ba5000066",
+            .property_create             = "XC058ba5000107",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XC058ba5000016",
+            .property_node_create        = "XC058ba5000143",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XC058ba5000085",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XC058ba5000113",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XC058ba5000075",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XC058ba50000b6",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XC058ba5000122",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XC058ba500011b",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XC058ba50000c8",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XC058ba500009c",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XC058ba50000d0",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XC058ba5000063",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XC058ba500000f",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XC058ba5000139",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XC058ba50000dd",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XC058ba5000086",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XC058ba5000087",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XC058ba5000118",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XC058ba5000078",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XC058ba5000130",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XC058ba500012b",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XC058ba5000001",
+            .property_node_write                = "XC058ba5000146",
+            .property_file_write                = "XC058ba500009b",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XC058ba500005f",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XC058ba5000071",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XC058ba5000068",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XC058ba5000106",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XC058ba5000042",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XC058ba500012e",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XC058ba5000103",
+            .property_query_size                = "XC058ba5000101",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XC058ba500015e",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XC058ba5000100",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XC058ba5000162",
+            .property_part_write                = "XC058ba5000060",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XC058ba500013b",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XC058ba5000074",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XC058ba5000116",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XC058ba5000150",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XC058ba5000024",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XC058ba50000b4",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XC058ba500000b",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XC058ba500014b",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XC058ba50000ee",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XC058ba500013a",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XC058ba50000a7",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XC058ba5000158",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XC058ba5000127",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XC058ba500011e",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XC058ba500014d",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XC058ba50000d8",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XC058ba50000b5",
+            .property_read_data                 = "property_read_data", // not found
+            .property_read_meta                 = "property_read_meta", // not found
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XC058ba50000ab",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XC058ba50000fe",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XC058ba50000ce",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XC058ba5000151",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XC058ba500006c",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XC058ba5000132",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XC058ba5000091",
+            .property_clear                     = "XC058ba5000128",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XC058ba5000126",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XC058ba5000028",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XC058ba50000a8",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XC058ba50000e3",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XC058ba5000009",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XC058ba50000a2",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XC058ba5000000",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XC058ba50000ad",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XC058ba5000163",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XC058ba50000fa",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XC058ba5000077",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XC058ba500001e",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XC058ba5000083",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XC058ba500010b",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XC058ba500008d",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XC058ba5000031",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XC058ba500005d",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21430 {
+            .version                     = "2.14.3.0",
+            .property_search             = "XC0bbe970000fa",
+            .boot                        = "XC0bbe970000f2",
+            .shutdown                    = "XC0bbe9700014d",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XC0bbe970000c9",
+            .property_destroy            = "XC0bbe9700010d",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XC0bbe97000062",
+            .property_create             = "XC0bbe97000105",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XC0bbe97000017",
+            .property_node_create        = "XC0bbe9700013f",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XC0bbe97000080",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XC0bbe97000112",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XC0bbe97000070",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                 = "XC0bbe970000b3",
+            .avs_fs_copy                 = "XC0bbe97000120",
+            .avs_fs_close                = "XC0bbe97000119",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint      = "XC0bbe970000c5",
+            .avs_fs_mount                = "XC0bbe97000099",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                = "XC0bbe970000ce",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                = "XC0bbe9700005f",
+            .avs_fs_read                 = "XC0bbe97000134",
+            .avs_fs_opendir              = "XC0bbe970000db",
+            .property_file_write         = "property_file_write", // not found
+            .property_get_error          = "property_get_error", // not found
+            .avs_net_add_protocol        = "XC0bbe97000124",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol        = "XC0bbe97000026",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr      = "XC0bbe970000a4",
+            .avs_net_socket              = "XC0bbe970000e0",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt          = "XC0bbe9700000a",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt          = "XC0bbe9700009e",
+            .avs_net_connect             = "XC0bbe97000000",
+            .avs_net_send                = "XC0bbe970000a9",
+            .avs_net_recv                = "XC0bbe9700015d",
+            .avs_net_poll                = "XC0bbe970000f9",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add         = "XC0bbe97000072",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get         = "XC0bbe9700001d",
+            .avs_net_bind                = "XC0bbe9700007e",
+            .avs_net_close               = "XC0bbe97000109",
+            .avs_net_shutdown            = "XC0bbe9700008a",
+            .avs_net_get_peername        = "XC0bbe9700002e",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname        = "XC0bbe97000059",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21580 {
+            .version                     = "2.15.8.0",
+            .property_search             = "XCd229cc00012e",
+            .boot                        = "XCd229cc0000aa",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCd229cc00001d",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCd229cc0000fd",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCd229cc00013c",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCd229cc0000ff",
+            .property_create             = "XCd229cc000126",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCd229cc00009a",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCd229cc00002c",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCd229cc000028",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCd229cc000009",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCd229cc000094",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCd229cc000090",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCd229cc0000eb",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCd229cc00011f",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCd229cc0000e9",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCd229cc0000ce",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCd229cc0000c3",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCd229cc0000c0",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCd229cc00004d",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCd229cc00010d",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCd229cc0000f0",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCd229cc0000bb",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCd229cc0000b8",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCd229cc000141",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCd229cc00008c",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCd229cc000025",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCd229cc0000e3",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCd229cc0000f3",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCd229cc00002d",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCd229cc000052",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCd229cc000046",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCd229cc000006",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCd229cc000005",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCd229cc000049",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCd229cc000165",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCd229cc0000b5",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCd229cc00010a",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCd229cc000032",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCd229cc0000b1",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCd229cc000083",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCd229cc000033",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCd229cc000024",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCd229cc00007c",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCd229cc00008a",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCd229cc000142",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCd229cc000071",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCd229cc000043",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCd229cc000110",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCd229cc0000db",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCd229cc00011a",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCd229cc0000af",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCd229cc000144",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCd229cc00014b",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCd229cc0000fc",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCd229cc000145",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCd229cc000121",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCd229cc000035",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCd229cc00004f",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCd229cc000107",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCd229cc0000de",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCd229cc00010e",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCd229cc000148",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCd229cc00005f",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCd229cc000057",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCd229cc00009f",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCd229cc0000cd",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCd229cc000039",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCd229cc00002b",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCd229cc0000c2",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCd229cc000156",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCd229cc00000f",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCd229cc000040",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCd229cc000026",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCd229cc000092",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCd229cc000084",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCd229cc000038",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCd229cc00011d",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCd229cc000131",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCd229cc00011c",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCd229cc00004b",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCd229cc000105",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCd229cc00007e",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCd229cc00009c",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCd229cc0000ac",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCd229cc000085",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCd229cc0000b0",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21610 {
+            .version                     = "2.16.1.0",
+            .property_search             = "XCnbrep700008c",
+            .boot                        = "XCnbrep700011a",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCnbrep700011b",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCnbrep700007d",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCnbrep700007c",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCnbrep700009b",
+            .property_create             = "XCnbrep700007b",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCnbrep700007f",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCnbrep700008d",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCnbrep700008e",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCnbrep700009a",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCnbrep70000cc",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCnbrep7000039",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCnbrep7000050",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCnbrep7000040",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCnbrep7000053",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCnbrep7000036",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCnbrep700004d",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCnbrep700004e",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCnbrep700003a",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCnbrep700003c",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCnbrep7000047",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCnbrep7000048",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCnbrep7000049",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCnbrep7000124",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCnbrep7000126",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCnbrep7000127",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCnbrep7000128",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCnbrep7000096",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCnbrep7000097",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCnbrep70000a1",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCnbrep7000091",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCnbrep700009c",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCnbrep700009b",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCnbrep7000092",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCnbrep7000099",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCnbrep7000089",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCnbrep700008f",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCnbrep700008a",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCnbrep70000b0",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCnbrep7000095",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCnbrep70000a3",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCnbrep7000082",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCnbrep70000b1",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCnbrep7000098",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCnbrep7000094",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCnbrep7000093",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCnbrep70000ab",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCnbrep70000a8",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCnbrep70000a7",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCnbrep70000a6",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCnbrep70000ae",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCnbrep700008b",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCnbrep7000088",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCnbrep70000a4",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCnbrep7000087",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCnbrep7000086",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCnbrep7000085",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCnbrep7000084",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCnbrep7000083",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCnbrep7000081",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCnbrep7000080",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCnbrep70000aa",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCnbrep70000a9",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCnbrep70000af",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCnbrep7000090",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCnbrep70000a0",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCnbrep70000a2",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCnbrep700009b",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCnbrep700007e",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000062",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000063",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCnbrep7000060",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCnbrep7000064",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCnbrep7000065",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCnbrep7000066",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCnbrep7000068",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCnbrep700006d",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCnbrep7000071",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCnbrep7000075",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCnbrep7000077",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCnbrep7000078",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCnbrep7000067",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCnbrep700006b",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCnbrep700006c",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCnbrep7000079",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCnbrep700007a",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21630 {
+            .version                     = "2.16.3.0",
+            .property_search             = "XCnbrep70000a1",
+            .boot                        = "XCnbrep7000129",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCnbrep700012a",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCnbrep7000092",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCnbrep7000091",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCnbrep70000b0",
+            .property_create             = "XCnbrep7000090",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCnbrep7000094",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCnbrep70000a2",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCnbrep70000a3",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCnbrep70000af",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCnbrep70000d4",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCnbrep700004e",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCnbrep7000065",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCnbrep7000055",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCnbrep7000068",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCnbrep700004b",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCnbrep7000062",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCnbrep7000063",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCnbrep700004f",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCnbrep7000051",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCnbrep700005c",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCnbrep700005d",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCnbrep700005e",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCnbrep7000130",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCnbrep7000132",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCnbrep7000133",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCnbrep7000134",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCnbrep70000ab",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCnbrep70000ac",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCnbrep70000b6",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCnbrep70000a6",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCnbrep70000b3",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCnbrep70000b2",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCnbrep70000a7",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCnbrep70000ae",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCnbrep700009e",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCnbrep70000a4",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCnbrep700009f",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCnbrep70000c5",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCnbrep70000aa",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCnbrep70000b8",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCnbrep7000097",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCnbrep70000c6",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCnbrep70000ad",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCnbrep70000a9",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCnbrep70000a8",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCnbrep70000c0",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCnbrep70000bd",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCnbrep70000bc",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCnbrep70000bb",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCnbrep70000c3",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCnbrep70000a0",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCnbrep700009d",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCnbrep70000b9",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCnbrep700009c",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCnbrep700009b",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCnbrep700009a",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCnbrep7000099",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCnbrep7000098",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCnbrep7000096",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCnbrep7000095",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCnbrep70000bf",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCnbrep70000be",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCnbrep70000c4",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCnbrep70000a5",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCnbrep70000b5",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCnbrep70000b7",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCnbrep70000b1",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCnbrep7000093",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000077",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000078",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCnbrep7000075",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCnbrep7000079",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007a",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007b",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCnbrep700007d",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCnbrep7000082",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCnbrep7000086",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCnbrep700008a",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCnbrep700008c",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCnbrep700008d",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCnbrep700007c",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCnbrep7000080",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCnbrep7000081",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCnbrep700008f",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCnbrep700008e",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21651 {
+            .version                     = "2.16.5.1",
+            .property_search             = "XCnbrep70000a1",
+            .boot                        = "XCnbrep7000129",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCnbrep700012a",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCnbrep7000092",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCnbrep7000091",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCnbrep70000b0",
+            .property_create             = "XCnbrep7000090",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCnbrep7000094",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCnbrep70000a2",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCnbrep70000a3",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCnbrep70000af",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCnbrep70000d4",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCnbrep700004e",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCnbrep7000065",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCnbrep7000055",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCnbrep7000068",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCnbrep700004b",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCnbrep7000062",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCnbrep7000063",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCnbrep700004f",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCnbrep7000051",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCnbrep700005c",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCnbrep700005d",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCnbrep700005e",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCnbrep7000130",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCnbrep7000132",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCnbrep7000133",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCnbrep7000134",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCnbrep70000ab",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCnbrep70000ac",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCnbrep70000b6",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCnbrep70000a6",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCnbrep70000b3",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCnbrep70000b2",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCnbrep70000a7",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCnbrep70000ae",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCnbrep700009e",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCnbrep70000a4",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCnbrep700009f",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCnbrep70000c5",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCnbrep70000aa",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCnbrep70000b8",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCnbrep7000097",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCnbrep70000c6",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCnbrep70000ad",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCnbrep70000a9",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCnbrep70000a8",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCnbrep70000c0",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCnbrep70000bd",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCnbrep70000bc",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCnbrep70000bb",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCnbrep70000c3",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCnbrep70000a0",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCnbrep700009d",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCnbrep70000b9",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCnbrep700009c",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCnbrep700009b",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCnbrep700009a",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCnbrep7000099",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCnbrep7000098",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCnbrep7000096",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCnbrep7000095",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCnbrep70000bf",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCnbrep70000be",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCnbrep70000c4",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCnbrep70000a5",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCnbrep70000b5",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCnbrep70000b7",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCnbrep70000b1",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCnbrep7000093",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000077",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000078",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCnbrep7000075",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCnbrep7000079",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007a",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007b",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCnbrep700007d",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCnbrep7000082",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCnbrep7000086",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCnbrep700008a",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCnbrep700008c",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCnbrep700008d",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCnbrep700007c",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCnbrep7000080",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCnbrep7000081",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCnbrep700008f",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCnbrep700008e",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21671 {
+            .version                     = "2.16.7.1",
+            .property_search             = "XCnbrep70000a1",
+            .boot                        = "XCnbrep7000129",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCnbrep700012a",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCnbrep7000092",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCnbrep7000091",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCnbrep70000b0",
+            .property_create             = "XCnbrep7000090",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCnbrep7000094",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCnbrep70000a2",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCnbrep70000a3",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCnbrep70000af",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCnbrep70000d4",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCnbrep700004e",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCnbrep7000065",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCnbrep7000055",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCnbrep7000068",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCnbrep700004b",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCnbrep7000062",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCnbrep7000063",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCnbrep700004f",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCnbrep7000051",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCnbrep700005c",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCnbrep700005d",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCnbrep700005e",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCnbrep7000130",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCnbrep7000132",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCnbrep7000133",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCnbrep7000134",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCnbrep70000ab",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCnbrep70000ac",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCnbrep70000b6",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCnbrep70000a6",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCnbrep70000b3",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCnbrep70000b2",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCnbrep70000a7",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCnbrep70000ae",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCnbrep700009e",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCnbrep70000a4",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCnbrep700009f",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCnbrep70000c5",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCnbrep70000aa",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCnbrep70000b8",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCnbrep7000097",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCnbrep70000c6",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCnbrep70000ad",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCnbrep70000a9",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCnbrep70000a8",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCnbrep70000c0",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCnbrep70000bd",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCnbrep70000bc",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCnbrep70000bb",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCnbrep70000c3",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCnbrep70000a0",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCnbrep700009d",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCnbrep70000b9",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCnbrep700009c",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCnbrep700009b",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCnbrep700009a",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCnbrep7000099",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCnbrep7000098",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCnbrep7000096",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCnbrep7000095",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCnbrep70000bf",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCnbrep70000be",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCnbrep70000c4",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCnbrep70000a5",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCnbrep70000b5",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCnbrep70000b7",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCnbrep70000b1",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCnbrep7000093",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000077",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000078",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCnbrep7000075",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCnbrep7000079",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007a",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007b",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCnbrep700007d",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCnbrep7000082",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCnbrep7000086",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCnbrep700008a",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCnbrep700008c",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCnbrep700008d",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCnbrep700007c",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCnbrep7000080",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCnbrep7000081",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCnbrep700008f",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCnbrep700008e",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21681 {
+            .version                     = "2.16.8.1",
+            .property_search             = "XCnbrep70000a1",
+            .boot                        = "XCnbrep7000129",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCnbrep700012a",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCnbrep7000092",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCnbrep7000091",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCnbrep70000b0",
+            .property_create             = "XCnbrep7000090",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCnbrep7000094",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCnbrep70000a2",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCnbrep70000a3",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCnbrep70000af",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCnbrep70000d4",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCnbrep700004e",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCnbrep7000065",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCnbrep7000055",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCnbrep7000068",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCnbrep700004b",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCnbrep7000062",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCnbrep7000063",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCnbrep700004f",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCnbrep7000051",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCnbrep700005c",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCnbrep700005d",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCnbrep700005e",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCnbrep7000130",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCnbrep7000132",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCnbrep7000133",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCnbrep7000134",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCnbrep70000ab",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCnbrep70000ac",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCnbrep70000b6",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCnbrep70000a6",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCnbrep70000b3",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCnbrep70000b2",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCnbrep70000a7",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCnbrep70000ae",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCnbrep700009e",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCnbrep70000a4",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCnbrep700009f",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCnbrep70000c5",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCnbrep70000aa",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCnbrep70000b8",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCnbrep7000097",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCnbrep70000c6",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCnbrep70000ad",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCnbrep70000a9",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCnbrep70000a8",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCnbrep70000c0",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCnbrep70000bd",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCnbrep70000bc",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCnbrep70000bb",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCnbrep70000c3",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCnbrep70000a0",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCnbrep700009d",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCnbrep70000b9",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCnbrep700009c",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCnbrep700009b",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCnbrep700009a",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCnbrep7000099",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCnbrep7000098",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCnbrep7000096",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCnbrep7000095",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCnbrep70000bf",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCnbrep70000be",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCnbrep70000c4",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCnbrep70000a5",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCnbrep70000b5",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCnbrep70000b7",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCnbrep70000b1",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCnbrep7000093",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000077",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCnbrep7000078",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCnbrep7000075",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCnbrep7000079",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007a",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCnbrep700007b",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCnbrep700007d",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCnbrep7000082",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCnbrep7000086",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCnbrep700008a",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCnbrep700008c",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCnbrep700008d",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCnbrep700007c",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCnbrep7000080",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCnbrep7000081",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCnbrep700008f",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCnbrep700008e",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21700 {
+            .version                     = "2.17.0.0",
+            .property_search             = "XCgsqzn00000a1",
+            .boot                        = "XCgsqzn0000129",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCgsqzn000012a",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCgsqzn0000092",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCgsqzn0000091",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCgsqzn00000b0",
+            .property_create             = "XCgsqzn0000090",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCgsqzn0000094",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCgsqzn00000a2",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCgsqzn00000a3",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCgsqzn00000af",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCgsqzn00000d4",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCgsqzn000004e",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCgsqzn0000065",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCgsqzn0000055",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCgsqzn0000068",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCgsqzn000004b",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCgsqzn0000062",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCgsqzn0000063",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCgsqzn000004f",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCgsqzn0000051",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCgsqzn000005c",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCgsqzn000005d",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCgsqzn000005e",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCgsqzn0000130",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCgsqzn0000132",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCgsqzn0000133",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCgsqzn0000134",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCgsqzn00000ab",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCgsqzn00000ac",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCgsqzn00000b6",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCgsqzn00000a6",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCgsqzn00000b3",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCgsqzn00000b2",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCgsqzn00000a7",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCgsqzn00000ae",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCgsqzn000009e",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCgsqzn00000a4",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCgsqzn000009f",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCgsqzn00000c5",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCgsqzn00000aa",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCgsqzn00000b8",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCgsqzn0000097",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCgsqzn00000c6",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCgsqzn00000ad",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCgsqzn00000a9",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCgsqzn00000a8",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCgsqzn00000c0",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCgsqzn00000bd",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCgsqzn00000bc",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCgsqzn00000bb",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCgsqzn00000c3",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCgsqzn00000a0",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCgsqzn000009d",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCgsqzn00000b9",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCgsqzn000009c",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCgsqzn000009b",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCgsqzn000009a",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCgsqzn0000099",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCgsqzn0000098",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCgsqzn0000096",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCgsqzn0000095",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCgsqzn00000bf",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCgsqzn00000be",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCgsqzn00000c4",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCgsqzn00000a5",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCgsqzn00000b5",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCgsqzn00000b7",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCgsqzn00000b1",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCgsqzn0000093",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCgsqzn0000077",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCgsqzn0000078",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCgsqzn0000075",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCgsqzn0000079",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCgsqzn000007a",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCgsqzn000007b",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCgsqzn000007d",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCgsqzn0000082",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCgsqzn0000086",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCgsqzn000008a",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCgsqzn000008c",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCgsqzn000008d",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCgsqzn000007c",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCgsqzn0000080",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCgsqzn0000081",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCgsqzn000008f",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCgsqzn000008e",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_core_import IMPORT_AVS21730 {
+            .version                     = "2.17.3.0",
+            .property_search             = "XCgsqzn00000a1",
+            .boot                        = "XCgsqzn0000129",
+            .shutdown                    = "XCgsqzn000012a",
+            .property_desc_to_buffer     = "XCgsqzn0000092",
+            .property_destroy            = "XCgsqzn0000091",
+            .property_read_query_memsize = "XCgsqzn00000b0",
+            .property_create             = "XCgsqzn0000090",
+            .property_insert_read        = "XCgsqzn0000094",
+            .property_node_create        = "XCgsqzn00000a2",
+            .property_node_remove        = "XCgsqzn00000a3",
+            .property_node_refer         = "XCgsqzn00000af",
+            .std_setenv                  = "XCgsqzn00000d4",
+
+            .avs_fs_open                        = "XCgsqzn000004e",
+            .avs_fs_copy                        = "XCgsqzn0000065",
+            .avs_fs_close                       = "XCgsqzn0000055",
+            .avs_fs_dump_mountpoint             = "XCgsqzn0000068",
+            .avs_fs_mount                       = "XCgsqzn000004b",
+            .avs_fs_fstat                       = "XCgsqzn0000062",
+            .avs_fs_lstat                       = "XCgsqzn0000063",
+            .avs_fs_lseek                       = "XCgsqzn000004f",
+            .avs_fs_read                        = "XCgsqzn0000051",
+            .avs_fs_opendir                     = "XCgsqzn000005c",
+            .avs_fs_readdir                     = "XCgsqzn000005d",
+            .avs_fs_closedir                    = "XCgsqzn000005e",
+            .cstream_create                     = "XCgsqzn0000130",
+            .cstream_operate                    = "XCgsqzn0000132",
+            .cstream_finish                     = "XCgsqzn0000133",
+            .cstream_destroy                    = "XCgsqzn0000134",
+            .property_node_read                 = "XCgsqzn00000ab",
+            .property_node_write                = "XCgsqzn00000ac",
+            .property_file_write                = "XCgsqzn00000b6",
+            .property_node_traversal            = "XCgsqzn00000a6",
+            .property_psmap_export              = "XCgsqzn00000b3",
+            .property_psmap_import              = "XCgsqzn00000b2",
+            .property_node_name                 = "XCgsqzn00000a7",
+            .property_node_get_desc             = "XCgsqzn00000ae",
+            .property_get_error                 = "XCgsqzn000009e",
+            .property_node_clone                = "XCgsqzn00000a4",
+            .property_query_size                = "XCgsqzn000009f",
+            .property_node_query_stat           = "XCgsqzn00000c5",
+            .property_node_datasize             = "XCgsqzn00000aa",
+            .property_mem_write                 = "XCgsqzn00000b8",
+            .property_part_write                = "XCgsqzn0000097",
+            .property_node_absolute_path        = "XCgsqzn00000c6",
+            .property_node_has                  = "XCgsqzn00000ad",
+            .property_node_is_array             = "XCgsqzn00000a9",
+            .property_node_type                 = "XCgsqzn00000a8",
+            .property_get_attribute_bool        = "XCgsqzn00000c0",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_bool   = "XCgsqzn00000bd",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_u32    = "XCgsqzn00000bc",
+            .property_node_get_attribute_s32    = "XCgsqzn00000bb",
+            .property_node_rename               = "XCgsqzn00000c3",
+            .property_query_freesize            = "XCgsqzn00000a0",
+            .property_clear_error               = "XCgsqzn000009d",
+            .property_lookup_encode             = "XCgsqzn00000b9",
+            .property_unlock_flag               = "XCgsqzn000009c",
+            .property_lock_flag                 = "XCgsqzn000009b",
+            .property_set_flag                  = "XCgsqzn000009a",
+            .property_part_write_meta           = "XCgsqzn0000099",
+            .property_part_write_meta2          = "XCgsqzn0000098",
+            .property_read_data                 = "XCgsqzn0000096",
+            .property_read_meta                 = "XCgsqzn0000095",
+            .property_get_attribute_u32         = "XCgsqzn00000bf",
+            .property_get_attribute_s32         = "XCgsqzn00000be",
+            .property_get_fingerprint           = "XCgsqzn00000c4",
+            .property_node_refdata              = "XCgsqzn00000a5",
+            .property_insert_read_with_filename = "XCgsqzn00000b5",
+            .property_mem_read                  = "XCgsqzn00000b7",
+            .property_read_query_memsize_long   = "XCgsqzn00000b1",
+            .property_clear                     = "XCgsqzn0000093",
+            .avs_net_add_protocol               = "XCgsqzn0000077",
+            .avs_net_del_protocol               = "XCgsqzn0000078",
+            .avs_net_addrinfobyaddr             = "XCgsqzn0000075",
+            .avs_net_socket                     = "XCgsqzn0000079",
+            .avs_net_setsockopt                 = "XCgsqzn000007a",
+            .avs_net_getsockopt                 = "XCgsqzn000007b",
+            .avs_net_connect                    = "XCgsqzn000007d",
+            .avs_net_send                       = "XCgsqzn0000082",
+            .avs_net_recv                       = "XCgsqzn0000086",
+            .avs_net_poll                       = "XCgsqzn000008a",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_add                = "XCgsqzn000008c",
+            .avs_net_pollfds_get                = "XCgsqzn000008d",
+            .avs_net_bind                       = "XCgsqzn000007c",
+            .avs_net_close                      = "XCgsqzn0000080",
+            .avs_net_shutdown                   = "XCgsqzn0000081",
+            .avs_net_get_peername               = "XCgsqzn000008f",
+            .avs_net_get_sockname               = "XCgsqzn000008e",
+        };
+        static const struct avs_core_import IMPORTS[AVS_VERSION_COUNT] = {
+            IMPORT_LEGACY,
+            IMPORT_AVS21360,
+            IMPORT_AVS21430,
+            IMPORT_AVS21580,
+            IMPORT_AVS21610,
+            IMPORT_AVS21630,
+            IMPORT_AVS21651,
+            IMPORT_AVS21671,
+            IMPORT_AVS21681,
+            IMPORT_AVS21700,
+            IMPORT_AVS21730,
+        };
+        static const robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> HEAP_SIZE_DEFAULTS = {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+            // beatmania IIDX 25
+            {"bm2dx.dll", 0x8000000},
+
+            // SOUND VOLTEX
+            {"soundvoltex.dll", 0x10000000},
+#endif
+            // jubeat
+            {"jubeat.dll", 0x2000000},
+
+            // MUSECA
+            {"museca.dll", 0xC000000},
+
+            // DDR ACE/A20
+            {"arkmdxbio2.dll", 0x2000000},
+            {"arkmdxp3.dll", 0x2000000},
+            {"arkmdxp4.dll", 0x2000000},
+
+            // Nostalgia
+            {"nostalgia.dll", 0x8000000},
+
+            // Bishi Bashi Channel
+            {"bsch.dll", 0xC000000},
+
+            // Quiz Magic Academy
+            {"client.dll", 70000000},
+
+            // Mahjong Fight Club
+            {"system.dll", 0x2000000},
+
+            // FutureTomTom
+            {"arkmmd.dll", 0x22800000},
+
+            // HELLO! Pop'n Music
+            {"popn.dll", 0x1E00000},
+
+            // Scotto
+            {"scotto.dll", 160000000},
+
+            // TsumTsum
+            {"arko26.dll", 0x1E00000},
+
+            // DANCERUSH
+            {"superstep.dll", 0x18000000},
+
+            // Winning Eleven 2012
+            {"weac12_bootstrap_release.dll", 0x1E00000},
+
+            // Winning Eleven 2014
+            {"arknck.dll", 0x1E00000},
+
+            // Otoca D'or
+            {"arkkep.dll", 0x8000000},
+
+            // Silent Scope: Bone Eater
+            {"arkndd.dll", 0x1E00000},
+
+            // Metal Gear Arcade
+            {"launch.dll", 0x800000},
+
+            // Ongaku Paradise
+            {"arkjc9.dll", 0xA00000},
+
+            // KAMUNITY 
+            {"kamunity.dll", 33554432},
+        };
+
+        // apply a default heap size based on the game DLL name provided
+        void set_default_heap_size(const std::string &dll_name) {
+
+            // initialize the heap size with the default once
+            if (DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE_SET) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            if (HEAP_SIZE_DEFAULTS.find(dll_name) != HEAP_SIZE_DEFAULTS.end()) {
+                auto old_size = HEAP_SIZE;
+
+                HEAP_SIZE = HEAP_SIZE_DEFAULTS.at(dll_name);
+                DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE_SET = true;
+
+                log_info("avs-core", "updated heap size: {} -> {}", old_size, avs::core::HEAP_SIZE);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Helpers
+         */
+
+        static BOOL output_callback(const char *buf, DWORD size, HANDLE file) {
+
+            // check size
+            if (size == 0) {
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+
+            // state machine for parsing style and converting to CRLF
+            // this is needed because newer AVS buffers multiple lines unlike the old callback
+            static logger::Style last_style = logger::Style::DEFAULT;
+            static logger::Style new_style = last_style;
+            static size_t position = 0;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                switch (position) {
+                    case 0: {
+                        if (buf[i] == ']')
+                            position++;
+                        else
+                            position = 0;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case 1: {
+                        if (buf[i] == ' ')
+                            position++;
+                        else
+                            position = 0;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case 2: {
+                        switch (buf[i]) {
+                            case 'M':
+                                new_style = logger::Style::GREY;
+                                break;
+                            case 'I':
+                                new_style = logger::Style::DEFAULT;
+                                break;
+                            case 'W':
+                                new_style = logger::Style::YELLOW;
+                                break;
+                            case 'F':
+                                new_style = logger::Style::RED;
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                position = 0;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        if (position > 0)
+                            position++;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case 3: {
+                        position = 0;
+                        if (buf[i] == ':') {
+                            last_style = new_style;
+
+                            // flush line
+                            for (size_t j = i + 1; j < size; j++) {
+                                if (buf[j] == '\n') {
+                                    logger::push(std::string(buf, j), last_style, true);
+                                    buf = &buf[j + 1];
+                                    size -= j + 1;
+                                    i = 0;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    default:
+                        position = 0;
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // push rest to logger
+            if (size > 1) {
+                logger::push(std::string(buf, size - 1), last_style, true);
+            }
+
+            // success
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        static BOOL output_callback_old(HANDLE file, const char *buf, DWORD size) {
+
+            // check size
+            if (size == 0) {
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+
+            std::string out;
+
+            // prefix
+            if (buf[0] != '[') {
+                out += log_get_datetime();
+                out += " ";
+            }
+
+            // message
+            out += std::string_view(buf, size - 1);
+
+            // style
+            logger::Style style = logger::Style::DEFAULT;
+            switch (buf[0]) {
+                case 'M':
+                    style = logger::Style::GREY;
+                    break;
+                case 'F':
+                    style = logger::Style::RED;
+                    break;
+                case 'W':
+                    style = logger::Style::YELLOW;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // push to logger
+            logger::push(std::move(out), style);
+
+            // success
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        static int avs_property_read_callback(uint32_t context, void *dst_buf, size_t count) {
+            auto file = reinterpret_cast<FILE *>(TlsGetValue(context));
+            return fread(dst_buf, 1, count, file);
+        }
+
+        property_ptr config_read(const std::string &filename, const size_t extra_space, const bool allow_fail) {
+
+            // open file
+            FILE *file = fopen(filename.c_str(), "rb");
+            if (file == nullptr) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "failed to open config file ({}): {}", filename, get_last_error_string());
+            }
+
+            // store handle in tls
+            uint32_t tls = TlsAlloc();
+            TlsSetValue(tls, file);
+
+            // get file size
+            int property_read_size = property_read_query_memsize(avs_property_read_callback, tls, 0, 0);
+            if (property_read_size <= 0) {
+                if (allow_fail) {
+                    return nullptr;
+                } else {
+                    log_fatal("avs-core", "failed to read config file ({}): 0x{:x}",
+                            filename,
+                            static_cast<unsigned>(property_read_size));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // add extra size (to be able to create new nodes, AVS does not resize properties
+            // after initial allocation)
+            property_read_size += extra_space;
+
+            // allocate memory
+            auto buffer = malloc(property_read_size);
+            auto property = property_create(23, buffer, property_read_size);
+            if (property == nullptr) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "cannot create property: {}", filename);
+            }
+
+            // rewind file
+            rewind(file);
+
+            // read file contents
+            if (property_insert_read(property, 0, avs_property_read_callback, tls) == 0) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "cannot read property: {}", filename);
+            }
+
+            // clean up
+            TlsFree(tls);
+            fclose(file);
+
+            // error checking
+            if (avs::core::property_get_error) {
+                auto err = avs::core::property_get_error(property);
+                if (err > 0) {
+                    log_fatal("avs-core", "failed to read config file ({}): {}", filename, error_str(err));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // return value
+            return property;
+        }
+
+        static int avs_property_read_string_callback(uint32_t context, void *dst_buf, size_t count) {
+            auto input = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(TlsGetValue(context));
+            memcpy(dst_buf, input, count);
+            return count;
+        }
+
+        property_ptr config_read_string(const char *input) {
+
+            // open tls store to hold pointer to input
+            uint32_t tls = TlsAlloc();
+            TlsSetValue(tls, const_cast<char *>(input));
+
+            // get input size
+            int property_read_size = property_read_query_memsize(
+                    avs_property_read_string_callback, tls, 0, 0);
+
+            // check file size
+            if (property_read_size <= 0) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "failed to reading config string: 0x{:x}",
+                        static_cast<unsigned>(property_read_size));
+            }
+
+            // add extra size (to be able to create new nodes, AVS does not resize properties
+            // after initial allocation)
+            property_read_size += 1024;
+
+            // allocate memory
+            auto buffer = malloc(property_read_size);
+            auto property = property_create(23, buffer, property_read_size);
+            if (property == nullptr) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "cannot create property");
+            }
+
+            // read string
+            if (property_insert_read(property, 0, avs_property_read_string_callback, tls) == 0) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "cannot read property");
+            }
+
+            // clean up
+            TlsFree(tls);
+
+            // return value
+            return property;
+        }
+
+        node_ptr property_search_safe(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *name) {
+            auto property = property_search(prop, node, name);
+            if (property == nullptr) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "node not found: {}", name);
+            }
+            return property;
+        }
+
+        void property_search_remove_safe(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *name) {
+            auto prop_node = property_search(prop, node, name);
+            if (prop_node == nullptr) {
+                return;
+            }
+            property_node_remove(prop_node);
+        }
+
+        bool file_exists(const char *filename) {
+            struct avs::core::avs_stat stat {};
+            return avs_fs_lstat(filename, &stat) != 0;
+        }
+
+        void config_destroy(property_ptr prop) {
+            void *mem = property_desc_to_buffer(prop);
+            property_destroy(prop);
+            free(mem);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * Functions
+         */
+
+        void create_log() {
+
+            // set log path
+            LOG_PATH = LOG_PATH.size() > 0 ? LOG_PATH : "log.txt";
+
+            // create log file
+            LOG_FILE = CreateFileA(
+                    LOG_PATH.c_str(),
+                    GENERIC_WRITE,
+                    FILE_SHARE_READ,
+                    nullptr,
+                    CREATE_ALWAYS,
+                    0,
+                    nullptr
+            );
+
+            // remember actually used path
+            if (LOG_FILE != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                LOG_FILE_PATH = LOG_PATH;
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool load_dll() {
+            log_info("avs-core", "loading DLL");
+
+            // detect DLL name
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(MODULE_PATH / "avs2-core.dll")) {
+                DLL_NAME = "avs2-core.dll";
+            } else {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+                DLL_NAME = "libavs-win64.dll";
+#else
+                DLL_NAME = "libavs-win32.dll";
+#endif
+            }
+
+            // load library
+            DLL_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library(MODULE_PATH / DLL_NAME, false);
+            if (!DLL_INSTANCE) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // check by version string if obtained
+            char version[32] {};
+            intptr_t ver = -1;
+            if (fileutils::version_pe(MODULE_PATH / DLL_NAME, version)) {
+                log_misc("avs-core", "version string: {}", version);
+
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < AVS_VERSION_COUNT; i++) {
+                    if (strcmp(IMPORTS[i].version, version) == 0) {
+                        ver = i;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check version by brute force
+            if (ver < 0) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < AVS_VERSION_COUNT; i++) {
+                    if (GetProcAddress(DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[i].property_search) != nullptr) {
+                        ver = i;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check if version was found
+            if (ver < 0) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "Unknown {}", DLL_NAME);
+            }
+
+            // print version
+            VERSION = (avs::core::Version) ver;
+            VERSION_STR = IMPORTS[ver].version;
+            log_info("avs-core", "Found AVS2 core {}", IMPORTS[ver].version);
+
+            // load functions
+            avs::core::IMPORT_NAMES = IMPORTS[ver];
+            avs215_boot = libutils::get_proc<AVS215_BOOT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].boot);
+            avs216_boot = libutils::get_proc<AVS216_BOOT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].boot);
+            avs_shutdown = libutils::get_proc<AVS_SHUTDOWN_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].shutdown);
+            property_node_create = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_CREATE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_create);
+            property_desc_to_buffer = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_DESC_TO_BUFFER_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_desc_to_buffer);
+            property_destroy = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_DESTROY_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_destroy);
+            property_create = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_CREATE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_create);
+            property_insert_read = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_insert_read);
+            property_node_refer = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_REFER_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_refer);
+            property_node_remove = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_REMOVE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_remove);
+            property_read_query_memsize = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_read_query_memsize);
+            property_search = libutils::get_proc<PROPERTY_SEARCH_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_search);
+            avs_std_setenv = libutils::get_proc<STD_SETENV_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].std_setenv);
+            avs_fs_open = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_OPEN_T>(
+                DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_open);
+            avs_fs_copy = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_COPY_T>(
+                DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_copy);
+            avs_fs_close = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_CLOSE_T>(
+                DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_close);
+            avs_fs_dump_mountpoint = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_DUMP_MOUNTPOINT_T>(
+                DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_dump_mountpoint);
+            avs_fs_mount = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_MOUNT_T>(
+                DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_mount);
+            avs_fs_lstat = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_LSTAT_T>(
+                DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_lstat);
+
+            // optional functions
+            avs_fs_fstat = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_FSTAT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_fstat);
+            avs_fs_lseek = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_LSEEK_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_lseek);
+            avs_fs_read = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_READ_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_read);
+            avs_fs_opendir = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_OPENDIR_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_opendir);
+            avs_fs_readdir = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_READDIR_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_readdir);
+            avs_fs_closedir = libutils::try_proc<AVS_FS_CLOSEDIR_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_fs_closedir);
+            cstream_create = libutils::try_proc<CSTREAM_CREATE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].cstream_create);
+            cstream_operate = libutils::try_proc<CSTREAM_OPERATE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].cstream_operate);
+            cstream_finish = libutils::try_proc<CSTREAM_FINISH_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].cstream_finish);
+            cstream_destroy = libutils::try_proc<CSTREAM_DESTROY_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].cstream_destroy);
+            property_node_read = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_READ_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_read);
+            property_node_write = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_WRITE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_write);
+            property_file_write = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_FILE_WRITE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_file_write);
+            property_node_traversal = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_TRAVERSAL_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_traversal);
+            property_psmap_export = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_PSMAP_EXPORT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_psmap_export);
+            property_psmap_import = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_PSMAP_IMPORT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_psmap_import);
+            property_node_name = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_NAME_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_name);
+            property_node_get_desc = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_GET_DESC_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_get_desc);
+            property_get_error = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_GET_ERROR_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_get_error);
+            property_node_clone = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_CLONE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_clone);
+            property_query_size = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_QUERY_SIZE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_query_size);
+            property_node_query_stat = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_QUERY_STAT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_query_stat);
+            property_node_datasize = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_DATASIZE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_datasize);
+            property_mem_write = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_MEM_WRITE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_mem_write);
+            property_part_write = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_part_write);
+            property_node_absolute_path = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_ABSOLUTE_PATH_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_absolute_path);
+            property_node_has = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_HAS_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_has);
+            property_node_is_array = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_IS_ARRAY_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_is_array);
+            property_node_type = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_TYPE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_type);
+            property_get_attribute_bool = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_get_attribute_bool);
+            property_node_get_attribute_bool = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_get_attribute_bool);
+            property_node_get_attribute_u32 = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_get_attribute_u32);
+            property_node_get_attribute_s32 = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_get_attribute_s32);
+            property_node_rename = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_RENAME_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_rename);
+            property_query_freesize = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_QUERY_FREESIZE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_query_freesize);
+            property_clear_error = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_CLEAR_ERROR_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_clear_error);
+            property_lookup_encode = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_LOOKUP_ENCODE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_lookup_encode);
+            property_unlock_flag = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_UNLOCK_FLAG_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_unlock_flag);
+            property_lock_flag = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_LOCK_FLAG_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_lock_flag);
+            property_set_flag = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_SET_FLAG_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_set_flag);
+            property_part_write_meta = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_part_write_meta);
+            property_part_write_meta2 = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META2_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_part_write_meta2);
+            property_read_data = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_READ_DATA_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_read_data);
+            property_read_meta = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_READ_META_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_read_meta);
+            property_get_attribute_u32 = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_get_attribute_u32);
+            property_get_attribute_s32 = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_get_attribute_s32);
+            property_get_fingerprint = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_GET_FINGERPRINT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_get_fingerprint);
+            property_node_refdata = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_NODE_REFDATA_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_node_refdata);
+            property_insert_read_with_filename = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_WITH_FILENAME_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_insert_read_with_filename);
+            property_mem_read = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_MEM_READ_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_mem_read);
+            property_read_query_memsize_long = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_LONG_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_read_query_memsize_long);
+            property_clear = libutils::try_proc<PROPERTY_CLEAR_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].property_clear);
+            avs_net_socket = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_SOCKET_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_socket);
+            avs_net_setsockopt = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_SETSOCKOPT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_setsockopt);
+            avs_net_getsockopt = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_GETSOCKOPT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_getsockopt);
+            avs_net_connect = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_CONNECT_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_connect);
+            avs_net_send = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_SEND_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_send);
+            avs_net_recv = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_RECV_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_recv);
+            avs_net_poll = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_POLL_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_poll);
+            avs_net_pollfds_add = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_POLLFDS_ADD_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_pollfds_add);
+            avs_net_pollfds_get = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_POLLFDS_GET_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_pollfds_get);
+            avs_net_add_protocol = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_add_protocol);
+            avs_net_add_protocol_legacy = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_LEGACY_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_add_protocol);
+            avs_net_del_protocol = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_DEL_PROTOCOL_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_del_protocol);
+            avs_net_addrinfobyaddr = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_ADDRINFOBYADDR_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_addrinfobyaddr);
+            avs_net_bind = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_BIND_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_bind);
+            avs_net_close = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_CLOSE_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_close);
+            avs_net_shutdown = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_SHUTDOWN_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_shutdown);
+            avs_net_get_peername = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_GET_PEERNAME_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_get_peername);
+            avs_net_get_sockname = libutils::try_proc<AVS_NET_GET_SOCKNAME_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[ver].avs_net_get_sockname);
+
+            if (property_node_read) {
+                log_misc("avs-core", "optional functions identified");
+            }
+
+            // success
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        static void create_dir(
+                const std::string_view &avs_path,
+                const std::string_view &src_path)
+        {
+            std::error_code err;
+
+            auto real_path = std::filesystem::absolute(src_path, err);
+
+            if (err) {
+                log_warning("avs-core", "failed to resolve '{}' path: {}", avs_path, err.message());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            auto created = std::filesystem::create_directories(real_path, err);
+
+            if (created) {
+                log_info("avs-core", "created '{}' at '{}'", avs_path, real_path.string());
+            }
+            if (err) {
+                log_warning("avs-core", "failed to create '{}' folder at '{}': {}",
+                        avs_path,
+                        real_path.string(),
+                        err.message());
+            }
+        }
+
+        static void create_avs_config_fs_dir(
+                struct property_info *prop,
+                struct node_info *node,
+                const char *folder_name)
+        {
+            char device_path[2048] { 0 };
+            char fs_type[255] { 0 };
+
+            auto avs_path = fmt::format("dev/{}", folder_name);
+            auto base_node_path = fmt::format("/fs/{}", folder_name);
+            auto fs_node = property_search(prop, node, base_node_path.c_str());
+
+            if (!fs_node) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // check for `fstype` node, AVS defaults to the `nvram` fs if the `fstype` is unset
+            auto fs_type_exists = property_search(prop, fs_node, "fstype") != nullptr;
+
+            auto device_result = property_node_refer(prop, fs_node, "device", NODE_TYPE_str,
+                        device_path, sizeof(device_path));
+            auto fs_type_result = 0;
+
+            if (device_result < 0) {
+                log_warning("avs-core", "failed to get '{}/device' string value: 0x{:08x}",
+                        base_node_path,
+                        static_cast<unsigned>(device_result));
+            }
+
+            if (fs_type_exists) {
+                fs_type_result = property_node_refer(prop, fs_node, "fstype", NODE_TYPE_str,
+                        fs_type, sizeof(fs_type));
+
+                if (fs_type_result < 0) {
+                    log_warning("avs-core", "failed to get '{}/fstype' string value: 0x{:08x}",
+                            base_node_path,
+                            static_cast<unsigned>(fs_type_result));
+                } else {
+
+                    // only support 'fs' and 'nvram' fs types
+                    if (_stricmp(fs_type, "fs") != 0 && _stricmp(fs_type, "nvram") != 0) {
+                        log_misc("avs-core", "ignoring folder creation for '{}': unsupported fs type '{}'",
+                                avs_path, fs_type);
+
+                        return;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (device_result < 0 || fs_type_result < 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            create_dir(avs_path, device_path);
+        }
+
+        static void create_avs_config_fs_table(
+                struct property_info *prop,
+                struct node_info *node)
+        {
+            char fs_type[255] { 0 };
+            char src_path[2048] { 0 };
+            char dst_path[2048] { 0 };
+
+            auto table_node = property_search(prop, node, "/fs/mounttable");
+
+            if (!table_node) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            auto vfs_node = property_search(prop, table_node, "vfs");
+
+            if (!vfs_node) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            do {
+                auto fs_type_result = property_node_refer(prop, vfs_node, "fstype@",
+                        NODE_TYPE_attr, fs_type, sizeof(fs_type));
+                auto src_result = property_node_refer(prop, vfs_node, "src@",
+                        NODE_TYPE_attr, src_path, sizeof(src_path));
+                auto dst_result = property_node_refer(prop, vfs_node, "dst@",
+                        NODE_TYPE_attr, dst_path, sizeof(dst_path));
+
+                if (fs_type_result < 0) {
+                    log_warning("avs-core", "failed to get 'fs_type' string value: 0x{:08x}",
+                            static_cast<unsigned>(fs_type_result));
+                }
+                if (src_result < 0) {
+                    log_warning("avs-core", "failed to get 'src' string value: 0x{:08x}",
+                            static_cast<unsigned>(src_result));
+                }
+                if (dst_result < 0) {
+                    log_warning("avs-core", "failed to get 'dst' string value: 0x{:08x}",
+                            static_cast<unsigned>(dst_result));
+                }
+                if (fs_type_result < 0 || src_result < 0 || dst_result < 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // only support 'fs' and 'nvram' fs types
+                if (_stricmp(fs_type, "fs") != 0 && _stricmp(fs_type, "nvram") != 0) {
+                    log_misc("avs-core", "ignoring folder creation for '{}': unsupported fs type '{}'",
+                            dst_path, fs_type);
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                create_dir(dst_path, src_path);
+            } while ((vfs_node = property_node_traversal(vfs_node, TRAVERSE_NEXT_SEARCH_RESULT)));
+        }
+
+        void boot() {
+            // default config path
+            CFG_PATH = !CFG_PATH.empty() ? CFG_PATH : "prop/avs-config.xml";
+
+            log_info("avs-core", "booting (using {})", CFG_PATH);
+
+            // read configuration
+            auto config = config_read(CFG_PATH);
+            auto config_node = property_search_safe(config, nullptr, "/config");
+
+            // create nvram and raw directories if possible for non-mounttable configurations
+            create_avs_config_fs_dir(config, config_node, "nvram");
+            create_avs_config_fs_dir(config, config_node, "raw");
+
+            // create nvram and raw directories if possible for mounttable configurations
+            create_avs_config_fs_table(config, config_node);
+
+            // set log level
+            if (!LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM.empty()) {
+                property_search_remove_safe(config, config_node, "/log/level");
+
+                if (VERSION == AVS21360 || VERSION == AVSLEGACY) {
+                    uint32_t log_level = 0;
+
+                    if (LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM == "disable") {
+                        log_level = 0;
+                    } else if (LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM == "fatal") {
+                        log_level = 1;
+                    } else if (LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM == "warning") {
+                        log_level = 2;
+                    } else if (LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM == "info") {
+                        log_level = 3;
+                    } else if (LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM == "misc") {
+                        log_level = 4;
+                    } else if (LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM == "all") {
+                        log_level = 5;
+                    }
+
+                    property_node_create(config, config_node,
+                            NODE_TYPE_u32, "/log/level", log_level);
+                } else {
+                    property_node_create(config, config_node,
+                            NODE_TYPE_str, "/log/level", LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM.c_str());
+                }
+            }
+
+            // print log level
+            static const char *LOG_LEVELS[] = { "disable", "fatal", "warning", "info", "misc", "all" };
+            char current_log_level_buffer[32] { 0 };
+            uint32_t current_log_level = 0;
+
+            if (VERSION == AVSLEGACY || VERSION == AVS21360) {
+                auto level_node = property_search(config, config_node, "/log/level");
+
+                // set the log level to `misc` if one is not present
+                if (!level_node) {
+                    level_node = property_node_create(config, config_node, NODE_TYPE_u32, "/log/level", 4);
+                }
+
+                // print the log level, if successfully retrieved
+                if (property_node_refer(config, config_node, "/log/level",
+                        NODE_TYPE_u32, &current_log_level, sizeof(current_log_level)) > 0)
+                {
+                    if (current_log_level < std::size(LOG_LEVELS)) {
+                        log_info("avs-core", "log level: {}", LOG_LEVELS[current_log_level]);
+                    } else {
+                        log_fatal("avs-core", "log level ({}) is invalid!", current_log_level);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    log_warning("avs-core", "log level: unknown");
+                }
+            } else {
+                auto level_node = property_search(config, config_node, "/log/level");
+
+                // convert old-style number log levels to new-style string log levels
+                if (level_node && property_node_type && property_node_type(level_node) == NODE_TYPE_u32) {
+                    property_node_refer(config, config_node, "/log/level",
+                            NODE_TYPE_u32, &current_log_level, sizeof(current_log_level));
+
+                    if (current_log_level < std::size(LOG_LEVELS)) {
+                        property_node_remove(level_node);
+                        level_node = property_node_create(config, config_node, NODE_TYPE_str, "/log/level",
+                                LOG_LEVELS[current_log_level]);
+                    } else {
+                        log_fatal("avs-core", "log level ({}) is invalid!", current_log_level);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // set the log level to `misc` if one is not present
+                if (!level_node) {
+                    level_node = property_node_create(config, config_node, NODE_TYPE_str, "/log/level", "misc");
+                }
+
+                // print the log level, if successfully retrieved
+                if (property_node_refer(config, config_node, "/log/level",
+                        NODE_TYPE_str, current_log_level_buffer, sizeof(current_log_level_buffer)) > 0)
+                {
+                    log_info("avs-core", "log level: {}", current_log_level_buffer);
+                } else {
+                    log_warning("avs-core", "log level: unknown");
+                }
+            }
+
+            // fix time offset
+            auto t_now = std::time(nullptr);
+            auto tm_now = *std::gmtime(&t_now);
+            auto gmt =  mktime(&tm_now);
+            property_search_remove_safe(config, config_node, "/time/gmt_offset");
+            property_node_create(config, config_node,
+                    NODE_TYPE_s32, "/time/gmt_offset", t_now - gmt);
+
+            // use system time server
+            property_search_remove_safe(config, config_node, "/sntp/ea_on");
+            property_node_create(config, config_node,
+                    NODE_TYPE_bool, "/sntp/ea_on", 0);
+
+            // check heap size
+            if (HEAP_SIZE <= 0) {
+                log_fatal("avs-core", "invalid heap size (<= 0)");
+            }
+            log_misc("avs-core", "using heap size: {}", HEAP_SIZE);
+
+            // initialize avs
+            switch (VERSION) {
+                case AVS21430:
+                case AVS21580: {
+                    AVS_HEAP1 = malloc(HEAP_SIZE);
+                    if (!AVS_HEAP1) {
+                        log_warning("avs-core", "could not allocate heap 1");
+                    }
+                    AVS_HEAP2 = malloc(HEAP_SIZE);
+                    if (!AVS_HEAP2) {
+                        log_warning("avs-core", "could not allocate heap 2");
+                    }
+                    avs215_boot(config_node, AVS_HEAP1, HEAP_SIZE, AVS_HEAP2, HEAP_SIZE,
+                            (void *) &output_callback, LOG_FILE);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case AVS21610:
+                case AVS21630:
+                case AVS21651:
+                case AVS21671:
+                case AVS21681:
+                case AVS21700:
+                case AVS21730: {
+                    AVS_HEAP1 = malloc(HEAP_SIZE);
+                    if (!AVS_HEAP1)
+                        log_warning("avs-core", "could not allocate heap 1");
+                    avs216_boot(config_node, AVS_HEAP1, HEAP_SIZE, nullptr,
+                            (void *) &output_callback, LOG_FILE);
+                    break;
+                }
+                case AVS21360:
+                case AVSLEGACY: {
+                    AVS_HEAP1 = malloc(HEAP_SIZE);
+                    if (!AVS_HEAP1) {
+                        log_warning("avs-core", "could not allocate heap 1");
+                    }
+                    AVS_HEAP2 = malloc(HEAP_SIZE);
+                    if (!AVS_HEAP2) {
+                        log_warning("avs-core", "could not allocate heap 2");
+                    }
+                    avs215_boot(config_node, AVS_HEAP1, HEAP_SIZE, AVS_HEAP2, HEAP_SIZE,
+                            (void *) &output_callback_old, LOG_FILE);
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    log_fatal("avs-core", "unknown AVS boot procedure");
+            }
+
+            // wait a bit for output
+            Sleep(100);
+
+            // destroy config
+            config_destroy(config);
+        }
+
+        void copy_defaults() {
+            static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::optional<const char *>> NVRAM_DEFAULTS {
+                { "ea3-config.xml", std::nullopt },
+                { "eamuse-config.xml", "ea3-config.xml" },
+                { "ea3-cfg.xml", "ea3-config.xml" },
+                { "eacoin.xml", std::nullopt },
+                { "coin.xml", std::nullopt },
+                { "testmode-v.xml", std::nullopt },
+            };
+
+            for (auto &[prop_name, nvram_name] : NVRAM_DEFAULTS) {
+                auto nvram = fmt::format("/dev/nvram/{}", nvram_name.has_value() ? nvram_name.value() : prop_name);
+
+                // file not found in nvram
+                if (!file_exists(nvram.c_str())) {
+                    auto prop = fmt::format("/prop/defaults/{}", prop_name);
+
+                    if (!file_exists(prop.c_str())) {
+                        prop = fmt::format("/prop/{}", prop_name);
+
+                        if (!file_exists(prop.c_str())) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    log_info("avs-core", "copying {} to {}", prop, nvram);
+                    avs_fs_copy(prop.c_str(), nvram.c_str());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void shutdown() {
+            log_info("avs-core", "shutdown");
+
+            // call shutdown
+            avs_shutdown();
+
+            // clean heaps
+            if (AVS_HEAP1) {
+                free(AVS_HEAP1);
+                AVS_HEAP1 = nullptr;
+            }
+            if (AVS_HEAP2) {
+                free(AVS_HEAP2);
+                AVS_HEAP2 = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const static struct {
+            uint32_t error;
+            const char* msg;
+        } ERROR_LIST[] = {
+                { 0x80092000, "invalid type" },
+                { 0x80092001, "type cannot use as array" },
+                { 0x80092002, "invalid" },
+                { 0x80092003, "too large data size" },
+                { 0x80092004, "too small buffer size" },
+                { 0x80092005, "passcode 0 is not allowed" },
+                { 0x80092040, "invalid node name" },
+                { 0x80092041, "invalid attribute name" },
+                { 0x80092042, "reserved attribute name" },
+                { 0x80092043, "cannot find node/attribute" },
+                { 0x80092080, "cannot allocate node" },
+                { 0x80092081, "cannot allocate node value" },
+                { 0x80092082, "cannot allocate mdigest for finger-print" },
+                { 0x80092083, "cannot allocate nodename" },
+                { 0x800920C0, "node type differs" },
+                { 0x800920C1, "node type is VOID" },
+                { 0x800920C2, "node is array" },
+                { 0x800920C3, "node is not array" },
+                { 0x80092100, "node is create-disabled" },
+                { 0x80092101, "node is read-disabled" },
+                { 0x80092102, "node is write-disabled" },
+                { 0x80092103, "flag is already locked" },
+                { 0x80092104, "passcode differs" },
+                { 0x80092105, "insert_read() is applied to attribute" },
+                { 0x80092106, "part_write() is applied to attribute" },
+                { 0x80092107, "MODE_EXTEND flag differs" },
+                { 0x80092140, "root node already exists" },
+                { 0x80092141, "attribute cannot have children" },
+                { 0x80092142, "node/attribute already exists" },
+                { 0x80092143, "number of nodes exceeds 65535" },
+                { 0x80092144, "cannot interpret as number" },
+                { 0x80092145, "property is empty" },
+                { 0x80092180, "I/O error" },
+                { 0x80092181, "unexpected EOF" },
+                { 0x80092182, "unknown format" },
+                { 0x800921C0, "broken magic" },
+                { 0x800921C1, "broken metadata" },
+                { 0x800921C2, "broken databody" },
+                { 0x800921C3, "invalid type" },
+                { 0x800921C4, "too large data size" },
+                { 0x800921C5, "too long node/attribute name" },
+                { 0x800921C6, "attribute name is too long" },
+                { 0x800921C7, "node/attribute already exists" },
+                { 0x80092200, "invalid encoding" },
+                { 0x80092201, "invalid XML token" },
+                { 0x80092202, "XML syntax error" },
+                { 0x80092203, "start tag / end tag mismatch" },
+                { 0x80092204, "too large node data (__size mismatch)" },
+                { 0x80092205, "too deep node tree" },
+                { 0x80092206, "invalid type" },
+                { 0x80092207, "invalid size" },
+                { 0x80092208, "invalid count" },
+                { 0x80092209, "invalid value" },
+                { 0x8009220A, "invalid node name" },
+                { 0x8009220B, "invalid attribute name" },
+                { 0x8009220C, "reserved attribute name" },
+                { 0x8009220D, "node/attribute already exists" },
+                { 0x8009220E, "too many elements in node data" },
+                { 0x80092240, "JSON syntax error" },
+                { 0x80092241, "invalid JSON literal" },
+                { 0x80092242, "invalid JSON number" },
+                { 0x80092243, "invalid JSON string" },
+                { 0x80092244, "invalid JSON object name" },
+                { 0x80092245, "object name already exists" },
+                { 0x80092246, "too long JSON object name" },
+                { 0x80092247, "too deep JSON object/array nesting" },
+                { 0x80092248, "cannot convert JSON array to property" },
+                { 0x80092249, "cannot convert empty JSON object to property" },
+                { 0x8009224A, "root node already exists" },
+                { 0x8009224B, "cannot convert root node to TYPE_ARRAY" },
+                { 0x8009224C, "name represents reserved attribute" },
+                { 0x80092280, "finger-print differs" },
+                { 0x800922C0, "operation is not supported" },
+        };
+
+        std::string error_str(int32_t error) {
+            for (auto &e : ERROR_LIST) {
+                if (e.error == (uint32_t) error) {
+                    return e.msg;
+                }
+            }
+            return fmt::format("unknown ({})", error);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/avs/core.h b/avs/core.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6ad67f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,766 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace avs {
+    namespace core {
+
+        /*
+         * enums
+         */
+        enum node_type {
+            NODE_TYPE_node = 1,
+            NODE_TYPE_s8 = 2,
+            NODE_TYPE_u8 = 3,
+            NODE_TYPE_s16 = 4,
+            NODE_TYPE_u16 = 5,
+            NODE_TYPE_s32 = 6,
+            NODE_TYPE_u32 = 7,
+            NODE_TYPE_s64 = 8,
+            NODE_TYPE_u64 = 9,
+            NODE_TYPE_bin = 10,
+            NODE_TYPE_str = 11,
+            NODE_TYPE_ip4 = 12,
+            NODE_TYPE_time = 13,
+            NODE_TYPE_float = 14,
+            NODE_TYPE_double = 15,
+            NODE_TYPE_2s8 = 16,
+            NODE_TYPE_2u8 = 17,
+            NODE_TYPE_2s16 = 18,
+            NODE_TYPE_2u16 = 19,
+            NODE_TYPE_2s32 = 20,
+            NODE_TYPE_2u32 = 21,
+            NODE_TYPE_2s64 = 22,
+            NODE_TYPE_2u64 = 23,
+            NODE_TYPE_2f = 24,
+            NODE_TYPE_2d = 25,
+            NODE_TYPE_3s8 = 26,
+            NODE_TYPE_3u8 = 27,
+            NODE_TYPE_3s16 = 28,
+            NODE_TYPE_3u16 = 29,
+            NODE_TYPE_3s32 = 30,
+            NODE_TYPE_3u32 = 31,
+            NODE_TYPE_3s64 = 32,
+            NODE_TYPE_3u64 = 33,
+            NODE_TYPE_3f = 34,
+            NODE_TYPE_3d = 35,
+            NODE_TYPE_4s8 = 36,
+            NODE_TYPE_4u8 = 37,
+            NODE_TYPE_4s16 = 38,
+            NODE_TYPE_4u16 = 39,
+            NODE_TYPE_4s32 = 40,
+            NODE_TYPE_4u32 = 41,
+            NODE_TYPE_4s64 = 42,
+            NODE_TYPE_4u64 = 43,
+            NODE_TYPE_4f = 44,
+            NODE_TYPE_4d = 45,
+            NODE_TYPE_attr = 46,
+            NODE_TYPE_attr_and_node = 47,
+            NODE_TYPE_vs8 = 48,
+            NODE_TYPE_vu8 = 49,
+            NODE_TYPE_vs16 = 50,
+            NODE_TYPE_vu16 = 51,
+            NODE_TYPE_bool = 52,
+            NODE_TYPE_2b = 53,
+            NODE_TYPE_3b = 54,
+            NODE_TYPE_4b = 55,
+            NODE_TYPE_vb = 56,
+        };
+
+        enum psmap_type {
+            PSMAP_TYPE_s8 = 2,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_u8 = 3,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_s16 = 4,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_u16 = 5,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_s32 = 6,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_u32 = 7,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_s64 = 8,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_u64 = 9,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_str = 10,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_str2 = 11,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_attr = 45,
+            PSMAP_TYPE_bool = 50,
+        };
+
+        enum property_node_traversal_option {
+            TRAVERSE_PARENT = 0,
+            TRAVERSE_FIRST_CHILD = 1,
+            TRAVERSE_FIRST_ATTR = 2,
+            TRAVERSE_FIRST_SIBLING = 3,
+            TRAVERSE_NEXT_SIBLING = 4,
+            TRAVERSE_PREVIOUS_SIBLING = 5,
+            TRAVERSE_LAST_SIBLING = 6,
+            TRAVERSE_NEXT_SEARCH_RESULT = 7,
+            TRAVERSE_PREV_SEARCH_RESULT = 8,
+        };
+
+        enum property_flag {
+            PROP_XML                  = 0x000,
+            PROP_READ                 = 0x001,
+            PROP_WRITE                = 0x002,
+            PROP_CREATE               = 0x004,
+            PROP_BINARY               = 0x008,
+            PROP_APPEND               = 0x010,
+            PROP_DEBUG_VERBOSE        = 0x400,
+            PROP_JSON                 = 0x800,
+            PROP_BIN_PLAIN_NODE_NAMES = 0x1000,
+        };
+
+        enum cstream_type {
+            CSTREAM_AVSLZ_DECOMPRESS = 0,
+            CSTREAM_AVSLZ_COMPRESS = 1,
+        };
+
+        /*
+         * structs
+         */
+
+        struct node_stat {
+            int nodes;
+            int data;
+            int unk1, unk2, unk3;
+        };
+        typedef node_stat *node_stat_ptr;
+
+        struct property_info {
+            uint8_t dummy[560];
+            uint32_t error_code;
+            uint32_t has_error;
+            uint32_t unk;
+            int8_t buffer_offset;
+        };
+        typedef property_info *property_ptr;
+
+        struct node_info {
+            uint8_t dummy[47];
+            node_type type;
+        };
+        typedef node_info *node_ptr;
+
+        struct psmap_data {
+            uint8_t type;
+            uint8_t flags;
+            uint16_t offset;
+            uint32_t size;
+            const char *path;
+            void *xdefault;
+        };
+        typedef psmap_data *psmap_data_ptr;
+
+        struct avs_stat {
+            uint64_t st_atime;
+            uint64_t st_mtime;
+            uint64_t st_ctime;
+            uint32_t unk1;
+            uint32_t filesize;
+            struct stat padding;
+        };
+        struct cstream_data {
+            unsigned char *out_buf;
+            unsigned char *in_buf;
+            uint32_t out_size;
+            uint32_t in_size;
+        };
+        struct avs_iovec {
+            void *iov_base;
+            size_t iov_len;
+        };
+
+        /*
+         * net
+         */
+
+        constexpr int AVS_NET_PROTOCOL_MAGIC = 0x1b55fa1;
+        constexpr int AVS_NET_POLL_POLLIN = 0x0001;
+        constexpr int AVS_NET_PROTOCOL_SSL_TLS_V1_1 = 2;
+
+        constexpr int T_NET_PROTO_ID_DEFAULT = 0;
+
+        enum avs_net_sock_opts {
+            AVS_SO_SNDTIMEO = 2,
+            AVS_SO_RCVTIMEO = 3,
+            AVS_SO_NONBLOCK = 9,
+            AVS_SO_SSL_PROTOCOL = 10,
+            AVS_SO_SSL_VERIFY_CN = 13,
+        };
+
+        typedef uint32_t avs_net_size_t;
+        typedef uint16_t avs_net_port_t;
+        typedef int avs_net_pollfds_size_t;
+
+        typedef uint64_t avs_net_timeout_t;
+
+        struct avs_net_poll_fd_opaque;
+        struct avs_net_proto_desc_work;
+        struct avs_net_sock_desc_work;
+
+        struct avs_net_poll_fd {
+            int socket;
+            uint16_t events;
+            uint16_t r_events;
+            int error;
+        };
+
+        struct avs_net_protocol_ops {
+            int (*protocol_initialize)(struct avs_net_proto_desc_work *work);
+            int (*protocol_finalize)(struct avs_net_proto_desc_work *work);
+            int (*allocate_socket)(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work);
+            void (*free_socket)(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work);
+            int (*initialize_socket)(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work);
+            void (*finalize_socket)(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work);
+            int (*setsockopt)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    unsigned int option_name,
+                    const void *option_value,
+                    avs_net_size_t option_len);
+            int (*getsockopt)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    unsigned int option_name,
+                    void *option_value,
+                    avs_net_size_t *option_len);
+            int (*bind)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    uint32_t address,
+                    avs_net_port_t port);
+            int (*connect)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    uint32_t address,
+                    avs_net_port_t port);
+            int (*listen)(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, int backlog);
+            int (*accept)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    void *new_sock,
+                    uint32_t *address,
+                    avs_net_port_t *port);
+            int (*close)(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work);
+            int (*shutdown)(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, int how);
+            int (*sendtov)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    const struct avs_iovec *iovec,
+                    int iov_count,
+                    uint32_t address,
+                    avs_net_port_t port);
+            int (*recvfromv)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    struct avs_iovec *iovec,
+                    int iov_count,
+                    uint32_t *address,
+                    avs_net_port_t *port);
+            int (*pollfds_add)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    struct avs_net_poll_fd_opaque *fds,
+                    avs_net_pollfds_size_t fds_size,
+                    struct avs_net_poll_fd *events);
+            int (*pollfds_get)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    struct avs_net_poll_fd *events,
+                    struct avs_net_poll_fd_opaque *fds);
+            int (*sockpeer)(
+                    struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                    bool peer_name,
+                    uint32_t *address,
+                    avs_net_port_t *port);
+        };
+
+        struct avs_net_protocol {
+            struct avs_net_protocol_ops *ops;
+            uint32_t magic;
+            uint32_t protocol_id;
+            uint32_t proto_work_size;
+            uint32_t sock_work_size;
+        };
+
+        struct avs_net_protocol_legacy {
+            struct avs_net_protocol_ops *ops;
+            uint32_t protocol_id;
+            uint32_t mystery;
+            uint32_t sz_work;
+        };
+
+        /*
+         * error
+         */
+
+        typedef int32_t avs_error_t;
+
+        constexpr avs_error_t AVS_ERROR_MASK = 0x80000000;
+        constexpr avs_error_t AVS_ERROR_FACILITY_MASK = 0x7fff;
+
+        enum avs_error_class {
+            AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET = 8,
+        };
+
+        enum avs_error_subclass {
+            AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_INVAL    = 0x00000016,
+            AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_BADMSG   = 0x0000004a,
+            AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_NET_TIMEOUT = 0x00001000,
+        };
+
+        inline avs_error_t avs_error_make(avs_error_class error_class, avs_error_subclass error_subclass) {
+            return static_cast<avs_error_t>(
+                    AVS_ERROR_MASK |
+                    ((error_class & AVS_ERROR_FACILITY_MASK) << 16) |
+                    (error_subclass & AVS_ERROR_FACILITY_MASK));
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * misc
+         */
+
+        typedef int (*avs_reader_t)(uint32_t, void *, size_t);
+        typedef uint32_t avs_file_t;
+
+        // import mapping
+        struct avs_core_import {
+
+            // required functions
+            const char *version;
+            const char *property_search;
+            const char *boot;
+            const char *shutdown;
+            const char *property_desc_to_buffer;
+            const char *property_destroy;
+            const char *property_read_query_memsize;
+            const char *property_create;
+            const char *property_insert_read;
+            const char *property_node_create;
+            const char *property_node_remove;
+            const char *property_node_refer;
+            const char *std_setenv;
+
+            // optional functions
+            const char *avs_fs_open = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_copy = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_close = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_dump_mountpoint = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_mount = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_fstat = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_lstat = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_lseek = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_read = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_opendir = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_readdir = "?";
+            const char *avs_fs_closedir = "?";
+            const char *cstream_create = "?";
+            const char *cstream_operate = "?";
+            const char *cstream_finish = "?";
+            const char *cstream_destroy = "?";
+            const char *property_node_read = "?";
+            const char *property_node_write = "?";
+            const char *property_file_write = "?";
+            const char *property_node_traversal = "?";
+            const char *property_psmap_export = "?";
+            const char *property_psmap_import = "?";
+            const char *property_node_name = "?";
+            const char *property_node_get_desc = "?";
+            const char *property_get_error = "?";
+            const char *property_node_clone = "?";
+            const char *property_query_size = "?";
+            const char *property_node_query_stat = "?";
+            const char *property_node_datasize = "?";
+            const char *property_mem_write = "?";
+            const char *property_part_write = "?";
+            const char *property_node_absolute_path = "?";
+            const char *property_node_has = "?";
+            const char *property_node_is_array = "?";
+            const char *property_node_type = "?";
+            const char *property_get_attribute_bool = "?";
+            const char *property_node_get_attribute_bool = "?";
+            const char *property_node_get_attribute_u32 = "?";
+            const char *property_node_get_attribute_s32 = "?";
+            const char *property_node_rename = "?";
+            const char *property_query_freesize = "?";
+            const char *property_clear_error = "?";
+            const char *property_lookup_encode = "?";
+            const char *property_unlock_flag = "?";
+            const char *property_lock_flag = "?";
+            const char *property_set_flag = "?";
+            const char *property_part_write_meta = "?";
+            const char *property_part_write_meta2 = "?";
+            const char *property_read_data = "?";
+            const char *property_read_meta = "?";
+            const char *property_get_attribute_u32 = "?";
+            const char *property_get_attribute_s32 = "?";
+            const char *property_get_fingerprint = "?";
+            const char *property_node_refdata = "?";
+            const char *property_insert_read_with_filename = "?";
+            const char *property_mem_read = "?";
+            const char *property_read_query_memsize_long = "?";
+            const char *property_clear = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_add_protocol = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_del_protocol = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_addrinfobyaddr = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_socket = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_setsockopt = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_getsockopt = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_connect = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_send = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_recv = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_poll = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_pollfds_add = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_pollfds_get = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_bind = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_close = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_shutdown = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_get_peername = "?";
+            const char *avs_net_get_sockname = "?";
+        };
+        extern avs_core_import IMPORT_NAMES;
+
+        // settings
+        enum Version {
+            AVSLEGACY,
+            AVS21360,
+            AVS21430,
+            AVS21580,
+            AVS21610,
+            AVS21630,
+            AVS21651,
+            AVS21671,
+            AVS21681,
+            AVS21700,
+            AVS21730,
+            AVS_VERSION_COUNT
+        };
+        extern Version VERSION;
+        extern std::string VERSION_STR;
+        extern size_t HEAP_SIZE;
+        extern bool DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE_SET;
+        extern std::string LOG_PATH;
+        extern std::string CFG_PATH;
+        extern std::string LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM;
+
+        // handle
+        extern HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE;
+        extern std::string DLL_NAME;
+
+        // helpers
+        property_ptr config_read(const std::string &filename, size_t extra_space = 0, bool allow_fail = false);
+        property_ptr config_read_string(const char* input);
+        node_ptr property_search_safe(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *name);
+        void property_search_remove_safe(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *name);
+        bool file_exists(const char* filename);
+        void config_destroy(property_ptr prop);
+        std::string error_str(int32_t error);
+
+        // functions
+        void set_default_heap_size(const std::string &dll_name);
+        void create_log();
+        bool load_dll();
+        void boot();
+        void copy_defaults();
+        void shutdown();
+
+        /*
+         * library functions
+         */
+
+        typedef int (*AVS215_BOOT_T)(void *, void *, size_t, void *, size_t, void *, HANDLE);
+        typedef int (*AVS216_BOOT_T)(void *, void *, size_t, void *, void *, HANDLE);
+        extern AVS215_BOOT_T avs215_boot;
+        extern AVS216_BOOT_T avs216_boot;
+
+        typedef void (*AVS_SHUTDOWN_T)(void);
+        extern AVS_SHUTDOWN_T avs_shutdown;
+
+        typedef void *(*PROPERTY_DESC_TO_BUFFER_T)(property_ptr prop);
+        extern PROPERTY_DESC_TO_BUFFER_T property_desc_to_buffer;
+
+        typedef node_ptr (*PROPERTY_SEARCH_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *path);
+        extern PROPERTY_SEARCH_T property_search;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_DESTROY_T)(property_ptr prop);
+        extern PROPERTY_DESTROY_T property_destroy;
+
+        typedef int (*PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_T)(avs_reader_t reader, avs_file_t file, DWORD *, DWORD *);
+        extern PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_T property_read_query_memsize;
+
+        typedef property_ptr (*PROPERTY_CREATE_T)(int flags, void *buffer, uint32_t buffer_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_CREATE_T property_create;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, avs_reader_t reader,
+                                                    avs_file_t file);
+        extern PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_T property_insert_read;
+
+        typedef node_ptr (*PROPERTY_NODE_CREATE_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, node_type type, const char *path,
+                                                   ...);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_CREATE_T property_node_create;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_REMOVE_T)(node_ptr node);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_REMOVE_T property_node_remove;
+
+        typedef int (*PROPERTY_NODE_REFER_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *path, node_type type,
+                                             void *data, uint32_t data_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_REFER_T property_node_refer;
+
+        typedef int (*STD_SETENV_T)(const char *key, const char *value);
+        extern STD_SETENV_T avs_std_setenv;
+
+        /*
+         * optional functions
+         */
+
+        typedef avs_file_t (*AVS_FS_OPEN_T)(const char *name, uint16_t mode, int flags);
+        extern AVS_FS_OPEN_T avs_fs_open;
+
+        typedef void (*AVS_FS_CLOSE_T)(avs_file_t file);
+        extern AVS_FS_CLOSE_T avs_fs_close;
+
+        typedef int (*AVS_FS_DUMP_MOUNTPOINT_T)(void);
+        extern AVS_FS_DUMP_MOUNTPOINT_T avs_fs_dump_mountpoint;
+
+        typedef int (*AVS_FS_MOUNT_T)(const char *mountpoint, const char *fsroot, const char *fstype, void *data);
+        extern AVS_FS_MOUNT_T avs_fs_mount;
+
+        typedef int (*AVS_FS_COPY_T)(const char *sname, const char *dname);
+        extern AVS_FS_COPY_T avs_fs_copy;
+
+        typedef int (*AVS_FS_FSTAT_T)(avs_file_t file, struct avs_stat *stat);
+        extern AVS_FS_FSTAT_T avs_fs_fstat;
+
+        typedef int (*AVS_FS_LSTAT_T)(const char *path, struct avs_stat *stat);
+        extern AVS_FS_LSTAT_T avs_fs_lstat;
+
+        typedef int (*AVS_FS_LSEEK_T)(avs_file_t file, long offset, int origin);
+        extern AVS_FS_LSEEK_T avs_fs_lseek;
+
+        typedef size_t (*AVS_FS_READ_T)(avs_file_t file, uint8_t *data, uint32_t data_size);
+        extern AVS_FS_READ_T avs_fs_read;
+
+        typedef avs_file_t (*AVS_FS_OPENDIR_T)(const char *path);
+        extern AVS_FS_OPENDIR_T avs_fs_opendir;
+
+        typedef const char* (*AVS_FS_READDIR_T)(avs_file_t dir);
+        extern AVS_FS_READDIR_T avs_fs_readdir;
+
+        typedef void (*AVS_FS_CLOSEDIR_T)(avs_file_t dir);
+        extern AVS_FS_CLOSEDIR_T avs_fs_closedir;
+
+        typedef struct cstream_data *(*CSTREAM_CREATE_T)(cstream_type type);
+        extern CSTREAM_CREATE_T cstream_create;
+
+        typedef bool (*CSTREAM_OPERATE_T)(struct cstream_data *data);
+        extern CSTREAM_OPERATE_T cstream_operate;
+
+        typedef bool (*CSTREAM_FINISH_T)(struct cstream_data *data);
+        extern CSTREAM_FINISH_T cstream_finish;
+
+        typedef bool (*CSTREAM_DESTROY_T)(struct cstream_data *data);
+        extern CSTREAM_DESTROY_T cstream_destroy;
+
+        typedef int (*PROPERTY_NODE_READ_T)(node_ptr node, node_type type, void *data, uint32_t data_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_READ_T property_node_read;
+
+        typedef uint32_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_WRITE_T)(node_ptr node, node_type type, void *data);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_WRITE_T property_node_write;
+
+        typedef int (*PROPERTY_FILE_WRITE_T)(property_ptr prop, const char *path);
+        extern PROPERTY_FILE_WRITE_T property_file_write;
+
+        typedef node_ptr (*PROPERTY_NODE_TRAVERSAL_T)(node_ptr node, enum property_node_traversal_option direction);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_TRAVERSAL_T property_node_traversal;
+
+        typedef bool (*PROPERTY_PSMAP_EXPORT_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, uint8_t *data, psmap_data_ptr psmap);
+        extern PROPERTY_PSMAP_EXPORT_T property_psmap_export;
+
+        typedef bool (*PROPERTY_PSMAP_IMPORT_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, uint8_t *data, psmap_data_ptr psmap);
+        extern PROPERTY_PSMAP_IMPORT_T property_psmap_import;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_NAME_T)(node_ptr node, char *buffer, uint32_t buffer_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_NAME_T property_node_name;
+
+        typedef void *(*PROPERTY_NODE_GET_DESC_T)(node_ptr node);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_GET_DESC_T property_node_get_desc;
+
+        typedef uint32_t (*PROPERTY_GET_ERROR_T)(property_ptr prop);
+        extern PROPERTY_GET_ERROR_T property_get_error;
+
+        typedef bool (*PROPERTY_NODE_CLONE_T)(property_ptr dst_prop, node_ptr dst_node, node_ptr src_node, bool deep);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_CLONE_T property_node_clone;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_QUERY_SIZE_T)(property_ptr prop);
+        extern PROPERTY_QUERY_SIZE_T property_query_size;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_QUERY_STAT_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, node_stat_ptr stat);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_QUERY_STAT_T property_node_query_stat;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_DATASIZE_T)(node_ptr node);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_DATASIZE_T property_node_datasize;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_MEM_WRITE_T)(property_ptr prop, uint8_t *data, uint32_t data_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_MEM_WRITE_T property_mem_write;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, uint8_t *data, uint32_t data_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_T property_part_write;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_ABSOLUTE_PATH_T)(node_ptr node, char *buffer, uint32_t buffer_size,
+                                                           bool attr);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_ABSOLUTE_PATH_T property_node_absolute_path;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_HAS_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, int ukn);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_HAS_T property_node_has;
+
+        typedef bool (*PROPERTY_NODE_IS_ARRAY_T)(node_ptr node);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_IS_ARRAY_T property_node_is_array;
+
+        typedef node_type (*PROPERTY_NODE_TYPE_T)(node_ptr node);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_TYPE_T property_node_type;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node,
+                const char *path, bool *value);
+        extern PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T property_get_attribute_bool;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T)(node_ptr node, bool *value);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_BOOL_T property_node_get_attribute_bool;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T)(node_ptr node, uint32_t *value);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T property_node_get_attribute_u32;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T)(node_ptr node, int32_t *value);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T property_node_get_attribute_s32;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_NODE_RENAME_T)(node_ptr node, const char *name);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_RENAME_T property_node_rename;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_QUERY_FREESIZE_T)(property_ptr prop, uint32_t freesize);
+        extern PROPERTY_QUERY_FREESIZE_T property_query_freesize;
+
+        typedef property_ptr (*PROPERTY_CLEAR_ERROR_T)(property_ptr prop);
+        extern PROPERTY_CLEAR_ERROR_T property_clear_error;
+
+        typedef uint32_t (*PROPERTY_LOOKUP_ENCODE_T)(property_ptr prop);
+        extern PROPERTY_LOOKUP_ENCODE_T property_lookup_encode;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_UNLOCK_FLAG_T)(property_ptr prop, uint32_t flags);
+        extern PROPERTY_UNLOCK_FLAG_T property_unlock_flag;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_LOCK_FLAG_T)(property_ptr prop, uint32_t flags);
+        extern PROPERTY_LOCK_FLAG_T property_lock_flag;
+
+        typedef uint32_t (*PROPERTY_SET_FLAG_T)(property_ptr prop, uint32_t set_flags, uint32_t clear_flags);
+        extern PROPERTY_SET_FLAG_T property_set_flag;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, uint8_t buffer,
+                uint32_t buffer_size, int ukn1, int ukn2);
+        extern PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META_T property_part_write_meta;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META2_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, uint8_t buffer,
+                uint32_t buffer_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_PART_WRITE_META2_T property_part_write_meta2;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_READ_DATA_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, avs_reader_t read_func,
+                uint32_t context);
+        extern PROPERTY_READ_DATA_T property_read_data;
+
+        typedef int32_t (*PROPERTY_READ_META_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, avs_reader_t read_func,
+                uint32_t context);
+        extern PROPERTY_READ_META_T property_read_meta;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *path,
+                uint32_t *value);
+        extern PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_U32_T property_get_attribute_u32;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, const char *path,
+                int32_t *value);
+        extern PROPERTY_GET_ATTRIBUTE_S32_T property_get_attribute_s32;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*PROPERTY_GET_FINGERPRINT_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node,
+                uint8_t *data, uint32_t data_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_GET_FINGERPRINT_T property_get_fingerprint;
+
+        typedef uint8_t *(*PROPERTY_NODE_REFDATA_T)(node_ptr node);
+        extern PROPERTY_NODE_REFDATA_T property_node_refdata;
+
+        // TODO probably invalid signature
+        typedef int32_t *(*PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_WITH_FILENAME_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, uint8_t *buffer,
+                uint32_t buffer_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_INSERT_READ_WITH_FILENAME_T property_insert_read_with_filename;
+
+        // TODO probably invalid signature
+        typedef int32_t *(*PROPERTY_MEM_READ_T)(property_ptr prop, node_ptr node, int flags, uint8_t *buffer,
+                uint32_t buffer_size);
+        extern PROPERTY_MEM_READ_T property_mem_read;
+
+        typedef int (*PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_LONG_T)(avs_reader_t reader, avs_file_t file,
+                DWORD *, DWORD *, DWORD *);
+        extern PROPERTY_READ_QUERY_MEMSIZE_LONG_T property_read_query_memsize_long;
+
+        typedef property_ptr (*PROPERTY_CLEAR_T)(property_ptr prop);
+        extern PROPERTY_CLEAR_T property_clear;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_ADDRINFOBYADDR_T)(uint32_t addr, char* hostname, int hostname_size, int);
+        extern AVS_NET_ADDRINFOBYADDR_T avs_net_addrinfobyaddr;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_T)(struct avs_net_protocol *protocol);
+        extern AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_T avs_net_add_protocol;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_LEGACY_T)(struct avs_net_protocol_legacy *protocol);
+        extern AVS_NET_ADD_PROTOCOL_LEGACY_T avs_net_add_protocol_legacy;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_DEL_PROTOCOL_T)(int protocol_id);
+        extern AVS_NET_DEL_PROTOCOL_T avs_net_del_protocol;
+
+        typedef int64_t (*AVS_NET_SOCKET_T)(int protocol_id);
+        extern AVS_NET_SOCKET_T avs_net_socket;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_SETSOCKOPT_T)(
+                int socket,
+                int option_name,
+                const void *option_value,
+                avs_net_size_t option_len);
+        extern AVS_NET_SETSOCKOPT_T avs_net_setsockopt;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_GETSOCKOPT_T)(
+                int socket,
+                unsigned int option_name,
+                void *option_value,
+                avs_net_size_t *option_len);
+        extern AVS_NET_GETSOCKOPT_T avs_net_getsockopt;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_CONNECT_T)(int socket, uint32_t address, avs_net_port_t port);
+        extern AVS_NET_CONNECT_T avs_net_connect;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_SEND_T)(int socket, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t buf_size);
+        extern AVS_NET_SEND_T avs_net_send;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_RECV_T)(int socket, uint8_t *buf, uint32_t buf_size);
+        extern AVS_NET_RECV_T avs_net_recv;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_POLL_T)(
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd *fds,
+                uint32_t num_fds,
+                int timeout);
+        extern AVS_NET_POLL_T avs_net_poll;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_POLLFDS_ADD_T)(
+                int socket,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd_opaque *fds,
+                avs_net_pollfds_size_t fds_size,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd *events);
+        extern AVS_NET_POLLFDS_ADD_T avs_net_pollfds_add;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_POLLFDS_GET_T)(
+                int socket,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd *events,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd_opaque *fds);
+        extern AVS_NET_POLLFDS_GET_T avs_net_pollfds_get;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_BIND_T)(int socket, uint32_t address, avs_net_port_t port);
+        extern AVS_NET_BIND_T avs_net_bind;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_CLOSE_T)(int socket);
+        extern AVS_NET_CLOSE_T avs_net_close;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_SHUTDOWN_T)(int fd, int how);
+        extern AVS_NET_SHUTDOWN_T avs_net_shutdown;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_GET_PEERNAME_T)(int fd, uint32_t *address, avs_net_port_t *port);
+        extern AVS_NET_GET_PEERNAME_T avs_net_get_peername;
+
+        typedef avs_error_t (*AVS_NET_GET_SOCKNAME_T)(int fd, uint32_t *address, avs_net_port_t *port);
+        extern AVS_NET_GET_SOCKNAME_T avs_net_get_sockname;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/avs/ea3.cpp b/avs/ea3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf485ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/ea3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,650 @@
+#include "ea3.h"
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "build/defs.h"
+#include "easrv/easrv.h"
+#include "easrv/smartea.h"
+#include "games/mfc/mfc.h"
+#include "hooks/avshook.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "launcher/logger.h"
+
+#include "core.h"
+#include "game.h"
+
+namespace avs {
+
+    typedef void (*ssl_protocol_init_t)();
+    typedef void (*ssl_protocol_fini_t)();
+    static ssl_protocol_init_t ssl_protocol_init = nullptr;
+    static ssl_protocol_fini_t ssl_protocol_fini = nullptr;
+
+    // functions
+    AVS_EA3_BOOT_STARTUP_T avs_ea3_boot_startup;
+    AVS_EA3_SHUTDOWN_T avs_ea3_shutdown;
+
+    namespace ea3 {
+
+        // settings
+        std::string CFG_PATH;
+        std::string APP_PATH;
+        std::string BOOTSTRAP_PATH;
+        std::string PCBID_CUSTOM = "";
+        std::string SOFTID_CUSTOM = "";
+        std::string ACCOUNTID_CUSTOM = "";
+        std::string URL_CUSTOM = "";
+        int HTTP11 = -1;
+        int URL_SLASH = -1;
+        int PCB_TYPE = -1;
+
+        // handle
+        std::string VERSION_STR = "unknown";
+        HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+        std::string DLL_NAME = "";
+        std::string EA3_BOOT_URL = "";
+        std::string EA3_BOOT_PCBID = "";
+        std::string EA3_BOOT_ACCOUNTID = "";
+
+        // static fields
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_LEGACY {
+            .version  = "legacy",
+            .boot     = "ea3_boot",
+            .shutdown = "ea3_shutdown",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21360 {
+            .version  = "2.13.6.0",
+            .boot     = "XEb552d500005d",
+            .shutdown = "XEb552d5000060",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21430 {
+            .version  = "2.14.3.0",
+            .boot     = "XE7aee11000070",
+            .shutdown = "XE7aee11000074",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21580 {
+            .version  = "2.15.8.0",
+            .boot     = "XE592acd00008c",
+            .shutdown = "XE592acd00005a",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21610 {
+            .version  = "2.16.1.0",
+            .boot     = "XEyy2igh000006",
+            .shutdown = "XEyy2igh000007",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21630 {
+            .version  = "2.16.3.0",
+            .boot     = "XEyy2igh000007",
+            .shutdown = "XEyy2igh000008",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21651 {
+            .version  = "2.16.5.1",
+            .boot     = "XEyy2igh000007",
+            .shutdown = "XEyy2igh000008",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21671 {
+            .version  = "2.16.7.1",
+            .boot     = "XEyy2igh000007",
+            .shutdown = "XEyy2igh000008",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21681 {
+            .version  = "2.16.8.1",
+            .boot     = "XEyy2igh000007",
+            .shutdown = "XEyy2igh000008",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21700 {
+            .version  = "2.17.0.0",
+            .boot     = "XEmdwapa000024",
+            .shutdown = "XEmdwapa000025",
+        };
+        static constexpr struct avs_ea3_import IMPORT_AVS21730 {
+            .version  = "2.17.3.0",
+            .boot     = "XEmdwapa000024",
+            .shutdown = "XEmdwapa000025",
+        };
+        static const struct avs_ea3_import IMPORTS[core::AVS_VERSION_COUNT] = {
+            IMPORT_LEGACY,
+            IMPORT_AVS21360,
+            IMPORT_AVS21430,
+            IMPORT_AVS21580,
+            IMPORT_AVS21610,
+            IMPORT_AVS21630,
+            IMPORT_AVS21651,
+            IMPORT_AVS21671,
+            IMPORT_AVS21681,
+            IMPORT_AVS21700,
+            IMPORT_AVS21730,
+        };
+
+
+        void load_dll() {
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "loading DLL");
+
+            // detect DLL name
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(MODULE_PATH / "avs2-ea3.dll")) {
+                DLL_NAME = "avs2-ea3.dll";
+            } else {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+                DLL_NAME = "libavs-win64-ea3.dll";
+#else
+                DLL_NAME = "libavs-win32-ea3.dll";
+#endif
+            }
+
+            // load library
+            DLL_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library(MODULE_PATH / DLL_NAME);
+
+            // check by version string
+            std::optional<size_t> ver;
+            char version[32] {};
+            if (fileutils::version_pe(MODULE_PATH / DLL_NAME, version)) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < core::AVS_VERSION_COUNT; i++) {
+                    if (strcmp(IMPORTS[i].version, version) == 0) {
+                        ver = i;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check version by brute force
+            if (!ver.has_value()) {
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < core::AVS_VERSION_COUNT; i++) {
+                    if (GetProcAddress(DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[i].boot) != nullptr) {
+                        ver = i;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check if version was found
+            if (!ver.has_value()) {
+                log_fatal("avs-ea3", "Unknown {}", DLL_NAME);
+            }
+            size_t i = ver.value();
+
+            // print version
+            VERSION_STR = IMPORTS[i].version;
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "Found AVS2 EA3 {}", IMPORTS[i].version);
+
+            // load functions
+            avs_ea3_boot_startup = libutils::get_proc<AVS_EA3_BOOT_STARTUP_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[i].boot);
+            avs_ea3_shutdown = libutils::get_proc<AVS_EA3_SHUTDOWN_T>(
+                    DLL_INSTANCE, IMPORTS[i].shutdown);
+        }
+
+        void boot(unsigned short easrv_port, bool easrv_maint, bool easrv_smart) {
+            // detect ea3-config file name
+            const char *ea3_config_name;
+            if (CFG_PATH.size()) {
+                ea3_config_name = CFG_PATH.c_str();
+            } else if (fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-config.xml")) {
+                ea3_config_name = "prop/ea3-config.xml";
+            } else if (fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-cfg.xml")) {
+                ea3_config_name = "prop/ea3-cfg.xml";
+            } else if (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream1.dll" && fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-config-1.xml")) {
+                ea3_config_name = "prop/ea3-config-1.xml";
+            } else if (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream2.dll" && fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-config-2.xml")) {
+                ea3_config_name = "prop/ea3-config-2.xml";
+            } else {
+                ea3_config_name = "prop/eamuse-config.xml";
+            }
+
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "booting (using {})", ea3_config_name);
+
+            // remember new config path
+            CFG_PATH = ea3_config_name;
+
+            // detect app-config file name
+            APP_PATH = APP_PATH.size() ? APP_PATH : "prop/app-config.xml";
+
+            // detect bootstrap file name
+            BOOTSTRAP_PATH = BOOTSTRAP_PATH.size() ? BOOTSTRAP_PATH : "prop/bootstrap.xml";
+
+            // read configuration
+            auto ea3_config = avs::core::config_read(ea3_config_name, 0x40000);
+            auto app_config = fileutils::file_exists(APP_PATH.c_str())
+                    ? avs::core::config_read(APP_PATH.c_str())
+                    : avs::core::config_read_string("<param/>");
+
+            // get nodes
+            auto ea3 = avs::core::property_search_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3");
+            auto ea3_id = avs::core::property_search(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id");
+            auto ea3_id_hard = avs::core::property_search(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/hardid");
+            auto ea3_id_soft = avs::core::property_search(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/softid");
+            auto ea3_id_account = avs::core::property_search(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/accountid");
+            auto ea3_soft = avs::core::property_search(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/soft");
+            auto ea3_network = avs::core::property_search_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/network");
+
+            // node values
+            char EA3_PCBID[21] { 0 };
+            char EA3_HARDID[21] { 0 };
+            char EA3_SOFTID[21] { 0 };
+            char EA3_ACCOUNTID[21] { 0 };
+            char EA3_MODEL[4] { 0 };
+            char EA3_DEST[2] { 0 };
+            char EA3_SPEC[2] { 0 };
+            char EA3_REV[2] { 0 };
+            char EA3_EXT[11] { 0 };
+
+            // read id nodes
+            if (ea3_id != nullptr) {
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_id, "pcbid",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_PCBID, 21);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_id, "hardid",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_HARDID, 21);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_id, "softid",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_SOFTID, 21);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_id, "accountid",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_ACCOUNTID, 21);
+            }
+
+            // set hard ID
+            if (ea3_id_hard == nullptr) {
+                strncpy(EA3_HARDID, "0100DEADBEEF", sizeof(EA3_HARDID));
+                EA3_HARDID[20] = '\0';
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/id/hardid", EA3_HARDID);
+            }
+
+            // set soft ID
+            if (ea3_id_soft == nullptr) {
+                strncpy(EA3_SOFTID, "012199999999", sizeof(EA3_SOFTID));
+                EA3_SOFTID[20] = '\0';
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/id/softid", EA3_SOFTID);
+            }
+
+            // read software nodes
+            if (ea3_soft != nullptr) {
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_soft, "model",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_MODEL, 4);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_soft, "dest",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_DEST, 2);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_soft, "spec",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_SPEC, 2);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_soft, "rev",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_REV, 2);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, ea3_soft, "ext",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_EXT, 11);
+            } else if (fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-ident.xml")) {
+
+                // read ident config
+                auto ea3_ident = avs::core::config_read("prop/ea3-ident.xml");
+                if (ea3_ident == nullptr) {
+                    log_fatal("avs-ea3", "'prop/ea3-ident.xml' could not be read as property list");
+                }
+
+                ea3_soft = avs::core::property_search_safe(ea3_ident, nullptr, "/ea3_conf/soft");
+
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_ident, ea3_soft, "model",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_MODEL, 4);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_ident, ea3_soft, "dest",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_DEST, 2);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_ident, ea3_soft, "spec",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_SPEC, 2);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_ident, ea3_soft, "rev",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_REV, 2);
+                avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_ident, ea3_soft, "ext",
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, EA3_EXT, 11);
+
+                // clean up
+                avs::core::config_destroy(ea3_ident);
+            } else {
+                log_fatal("avs-ea3", "node not found in '{}': /ea3/soft", ea3_config_name);
+            }
+
+            // set account id (`EA3_PCBID` is valid if and only if `/ea3/id` is present)
+            if (ea3_id != nullptr && ea3_id_account == nullptr) {
+                const char *id = strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "M32") == 0 ? EA3_PCBID : "012018008135";
+
+                strncpy(EA3_ACCOUNTID, id, sizeof(EA3_ACCOUNTID));
+                EA3_ACCOUNTID[20] = '\0';
+
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/id/accountid", EA3_ACCOUNTID);
+            }
+
+            // replace ext code with release_code from bootstrap.xml if it is a newer date
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(BOOTSTRAP_PATH.c_str())) {
+
+                // read config
+                auto bootstrap = avs::core::config_read(BOOTSTRAP_PATH.c_str(), 0, true);
+                if (bootstrap == nullptr) {
+
+                    // bootstrap.xml may be encrypted
+                    log_warning("avs-ea3", "'{}' could not be read as property list", BOOTSTRAP_PATH);
+
+                } else {
+
+                    // get release code
+                    char release_code[11] { 0 };
+                    avs::core::property_node_refer(bootstrap, nullptr, "/config/release_code",
+                            avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, release_code, 11);
+
+                    // compare dates
+                    if (atoi(release_code) > atoi(EA3_EXT)) {
+                        log_info("avs-ea3", "overwriting ext {} with {} from {}", EA3_EXT,
+                                 release_code, BOOTSTRAP_PATH);
+                        strncpy(EA3_EXT, release_code, 11);
+                    }
+
+                    // clean up
+                    avs::core::config_destroy(bootstrap);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // custom PCBID
+            if (!PCBID_CUSTOM.empty()) {
+
+                // copy ID
+                strncpy(EA3_PCBID, PCBID_CUSTOM.c_str(), sizeof(EA3_PCBID));
+                EA3_PCBID[20] = '\0';
+
+                // set nodes
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/pcbid");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/id/pcbid", &EA3_PCBID);
+
+                if (ACCOUNTID_CUSTOM.empty() && strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "M32") == 0) {
+                    ACCOUNTID_CUSTOM = PCBID_CUSTOM;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // custom SOFTID
+            if (!SOFTID_CUSTOM.empty()) {
+
+                // copy ID
+                strncpy(EA3_SOFTID, SOFTID_CUSTOM.c_str(), sizeof(EA3_SOFTID));
+                EA3_SOFTID[20] = '\0';
+
+                // set nodes
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/softid");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/id/softid", &EA3_SOFTID);
+            }
+
+            // custom ACCOUNTID
+            if (!ACCOUNTID_CUSTOM.empty()) {
+
+                // copy ID
+                strncpy(EA3_ACCOUNTID, ACCOUNTID_CUSTOM.c_str(), sizeof(EA3_ACCOUNTID));
+                EA3_ACCOUNTID[20] = '\0';
+
+                // set nodes
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/accountid");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/id/accountid", &EA3_ACCOUNTID);
+            }
+
+            // check if PCBID is defined
+            if (avs::core::property_search(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/pcbid") == nullptr) {
+                log_fatal("avs-ea3", "node not found: /ea3/id/pcbid (try using -p to specify PCBID)");
+            } else if (strlen(EA3_PCBID) == 0) {
+                log_fatal("avs-ea3", "no PCBID set (try using -p to specify PCBID)");
+            }
+
+            // remember IDs
+            char pcbid_buffer[256] { 0 };
+            char accountid_buffer[256] { 0 };
+            avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/pcbid",
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, pcbid_buffer, sizeof(pcbid_buffer));
+            avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/id/accountid",
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, accountid_buffer, sizeof(accountid_buffer));
+            EA3_BOOT_PCBID = std::string(pcbid_buffer);
+            EA3_BOOT_ACCOUNTID = std::string(accountid_buffer);
+
+            // build security code
+            std::ostringstream security_code;
+            security_code << "G";
+            if (strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "KK9") == 0) {
+                // Q (Spec F) is FullHD cabinet, E is OLD cabinet.
+                security_code << (strcmp(EA3_SPEC, "F") == 0 ? "Q" : "E");
+            } else if (strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "NCG") == 0) {
+                // we have Q or E as choice again, see prop/code-config.xml
+                security_code << "Q";
+            } else if (strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "KBI") == 0) {
+                // seems to be required to be set to E
+                security_code << "E";
+            } else if (strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "KCK") == 0 || strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "NCK") == 0) {
+                // unsure if it really makes a difference
+                security_code << "E";
+            } else if (strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "LA9") == 0) {
+                // GQ---J(spec)- in bootstrap.xml
+                security_code << "Q";
+            } else {
+                security_code << "*";
+            }
+            security_code << EA3_MODEL;
+            security_code << EA3_DEST;
+            security_code << EA3_SPEC;
+            security_code << EA3_REV;
+            std::string security_code_str = security_code.str();
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "security code: {}", security_code_str);
+
+            // pre game init soft ID code
+            std::ostringstream soft_id_code_pre_init;
+            soft_id_code_pre_init << EA3_MODEL << ":";
+            soft_id_code_pre_init << EA3_DEST << ":";
+            soft_id_code_pre_init << EA3_SPEC << ":";
+            soft_id_code_pre_init << EA3_REV << ":";
+            soft_id_code_pre_init << EA3_EXT;
+            std::string soft_id_code_pre_init_str = soft_id_code_pre_init.str();
+
+            // set env variables
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/boot/build", VERSION_STRING);
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/boot/version", "SPICETOOLS");
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/boot/tag", "SPICETOOLS");
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/security_code", security_code_str.c_str());
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/secplug_b_security_code", security_code_str.c_str());
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/system_id", EA3_PCBID);
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/hardware_id", EA3_HARDID);
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/license_id", EA3_SOFTID);
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/software_id", EA3_SOFTID);
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/account_id", EA3_ACCOUNTID);
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/soft_id_code", soft_id_code_pre_init_str.c_str());
+
+            // build game init code
+            std::ostringstream init_code;
+            init_code << EA3_MODEL;
+            init_code << EA3_DEST;
+            init_code << EA3_SPEC;
+            init_code << EA3_REV;
+            init_code << EA3_EXT;
+            std::string init_code_str = init_code.str();
+
+            // save game info
+            memcpy(avs::game::MODEL, EA3_MODEL, 4);
+            memcpy(avs::game::DEST, EA3_DEST, 2);
+            memcpy(avs::game::SPEC, EA3_SPEC, 2);
+            memcpy(avs::game::EXT, EA3_EXT, 11);
+
+            // hook AVS functions
+            hooks::avs::init();
+
+            // update pcb_type in app-config
+            if (PCB_TYPE >= 0) {
+                if (strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "K39") == 0 || strcmp(EA3_MODEL, "L39") == 0) {
+                    avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(app_config, nullptr, "/param/pcb_type_e");
+                    avs::core::property_node_create(app_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_u8, "/param/pcb_type_e", PCB_TYPE);
+                } else {
+                    avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(app_config, nullptr, "/param/pcb_type");
+                    avs::core::property_node_create(app_config, nullptr,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_u8, "/param/pcb_type", PCB_TYPE);
+                }
+            }
+
+            auto app_param = avs::core::property_search_safe(app_config, nullptr, "/param");
+
+            // call the game init
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "calling entry init");
+            if (!avs::game::entry_init(init_code_str.data(), app_param)) {
+                log_fatal("avs-ea3", "entry init failed :(");
+            }
+
+            // accommodate changes to soft id code
+            //
+            // TODO(felix): test this with other games, feature gating at the moment
+            // for proper reporting of Omnimix and other song packs
+            if (_stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "LDJ") == 0 ||
+                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "L44") == 0 ||
+                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "M39") == 0 ||
+                _stricmp(EA3_MODEL, "KFC") == 0)
+            {
+                //memcpy(EA3_MODEL, init_code_str.c_str(), 3);
+                //EA3_DEST[0] = init_code_str[3];
+                //EA3_SPEC[0] = init_code_str[4];
+                EA3_REV[0] = init_code_str[5];
+                //memcpy(EA3_EXT, init_code_str.c_str() + 6, 10);
+            }
+
+            // remove nodes
+            avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/soft/model");
+            avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/soft/dest");
+            avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/soft/spec");
+            avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/soft/rev");
+            avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/soft/ext");
+
+            // create nodes
+            avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/soft/model", EA3_MODEL);
+            avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/soft/dest", EA3_DEST);
+            avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/soft/spec", EA3_SPEC);
+            avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/soft/rev", EA3_REV);
+            avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, nullptr,
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "/ea3/soft/ext", EA3_EXT);
+
+            // create soft ID code
+            std::ostringstream soft_id_code;
+            soft_id_code << EA3_MODEL << ":";
+            soft_id_code << EA3_DEST << ":";
+            soft_id_code << EA3_SPEC << ":";
+            soft_id_code << EA3_REV << ":";
+            soft_id_code << EA3_EXT;
+            std::string soft_id_code_str = soft_id_code.str();
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "soft id code: {}", soft_id_code_str);
+
+            // set soft ID code
+            avs::core::avs_std_setenv("/env/profile/soft_id_code", soft_id_code_str.c_str());
+
+            // save new rev
+            memcpy(avs::game::REV, EA3_REV, 2);
+
+            // http11
+            if (HTTP11 >= 0) {
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, ea3_network, "http11");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, ea3_network,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_bool, "http11", HTTP11);
+            }
+
+            // url slash
+            if (URL_SLASH >= 0) {
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, ea3_network, "url_slash");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, ea3_network,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_bool, "url_slash", URL_SLASH);
+            }
+
+            // custom service url
+            if (!URL_CUSTOM.empty()) {
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, ea3_network, "services");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, ea3_network,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "services", URL_CUSTOM.c_str());
+            }
+
+            // server - replace URL on the fly
+            if (easrv_port != 0u) {
+                std::ostringstream url;
+                url << "http://localhost:" << easrv_port << "/";
+                std::string url_str = url.str();
+
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, ea3_network, "services");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, ea3_network,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "services", url_str.c_str());
+            }
+
+            // remember URL
+            char url_buffer[512] {};
+            avs::core::property_node_refer(ea3_config, nullptr, "/ea3/network/services",
+                    avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, url_buffer, sizeof(url_buffer));
+            EA3_BOOT_URL = std::string(url_buffer);
+
+            // ssl initialization
+            if (string_begins_with(url_buffer, "https")) {
+
+                // load ssl module
+                HMODULE kws = libutils::try_library("kws.dll");
+                if (kws != nullptr) {
+
+                    // get functions
+                    ssl_protocol_init = libutils::try_proc<ssl_protocol_init_t>(kws, "ssl_protocol_init");
+                    ssl_protocol_fini = libutils::try_proc<ssl_protocol_fini_t>(kws, "ssl_protocol_fini");
+
+                    // initialize
+                    if (ssl_protocol_init != nullptr) {
+                        log_info("avs-ea3", "initializing SSL protocol handler");
+                        ssl_protocol_init();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // smartea logic: check if services are dead
+            if (easrv_smart && !smartea::check_url(EA3_BOOT_URL)) {
+                log_info("avs-ea3", "starting smartea local server on port 8080");
+
+                // start server
+                easrv_start(8080, easrv_maint, 4, 8);
+
+                // fix URL
+                EA3_BOOT_URL = "http://localhost:8080";
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, ea3_network, "services");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, ea3_network,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_str, "services", EA3_BOOT_URL.c_str());
+
+                // fix URL slash
+                URL_SLASH = 1;
+                avs::core::property_search_remove_safe(ea3_config, ea3_network, "url_slash");
+                avs::core::property_node_create(ea3_config, ea3_network,
+                        avs::core::NODE_TYPE_bool, "url_slash", &URL_SLASH);
+            }
+
+            // boot EA3
+            logger::PCBIDFilter filter;
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "calling ea3 boot");
+            avs_ea3_boot_startup(ea3);
+
+            // clean up
+            avs::core::config_destroy(app_config);
+            avs::core::config_destroy(ea3_config);
+
+            // print avs mountpoints
+            // it does not exist in VERY old legacy AVS versions (like 2.10.2)
+            if (avs::core::avs_fs_dump_mountpoint) {
+                avs::core::avs_fs_dump_mountpoint();
+            }
+
+            // success
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "boot done");
+        }
+
+        void shutdown() {
+
+            // SSL shutdown
+            if (ssl_protocol_fini != nullptr) {
+                log_info("avs-ea3", "unregistering SSL protocol handler");
+                ssl_protocol_fini();
+            }
+
+            // EA3 shutdown
+            log_info("avs-ea3", "shutdown");
+            avs_ea3_shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/avs/ea3.h b/avs/ea3.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..267daf8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/ea3.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace avs {
+
+    /*
+     * helpers
+     */
+    namespace ea3 {
+
+        // import mapping
+        struct avs_ea3_import {
+            const char *version;
+            const char *boot;
+            const char *shutdown;
+        };
+
+        // settings
+        extern std::string CFG_PATH;
+        extern std::string APP_PATH;
+        extern std::string BOOTSTRAP_PATH;
+        extern std::string PCBID_CUSTOM;
+        extern std::string SOFTID_CUSTOM;
+        extern std::string URL_CUSTOM;
+        extern int HTTP11;
+        extern int URL_SLASH;
+        extern int PCB_TYPE;
+
+        // handle
+        extern std::string VERSION_STR;
+        extern HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE;
+        extern std::string DLL_NAME;
+        extern std::string EA3_BOOT_URL;
+        extern std::string EA3_BOOT_PCBID;
+
+        // functions
+        void load_dll();
+        void boot(unsigned short easrv_port, bool easrv_maint, bool easrv_smart);
+        void shutdown();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * library functions
+     */
+
+    typedef int (*AVS_EA3_BOOT_STARTUP_T)(void *);
+    extern AVS_EA3_BOOT_STARTUP_T avs_ea3_boot_startup;
+
+    typedef void (*AVS_EA3_SHUTDOWN_T)(void);
+    extern AVS_EA3_SHUTDOWN_T avs_ea3_shutdown;
+}
diff --git a/avs/game.cpp b/avs/game.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28fa657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/game.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include "game.h"
+
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace avs {
+
+    namespace game {
+
+        // function names
+        const char ENTRY_INIT_NAME[] = "dll_entry_init";
+        const char ENTRY_MAIN_NAME[] = "dll_entry_main";
+
+        // functions
+        typedef bool (*ENTRY_INIT_T)(char *, void *);
+        typedef void (*ENTRY_MAIN_T)(void);
+        ENTRY_INIT_T dll_entry_init;
+        ENTRY_MAIN_T dll_entry_main;
+
+        // properties
+        char MODEL[4] = {'0', '0', '0', '\x00'};
+        char DEST[2] = {'0', '\x00'};
+        char SPEC[2] = {'0', '\x00'};
+        char REV[2] = {'0', '\x00'};
+        char EXT[11] = {'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '\x00'};
+
+        // handle
+        HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE;
+        std::string DLL_NAME;
+
+        bool is_model(const char *model) {
+            return _stricmp(MODEL, model) == 0;
+        }
+
+        bool is_model(const char *model, const char *ext) {
+            return is_model(model) && is_ext(ext);
+        }
+
+        bool is_model(const std::initializer_list<const char *> model_list) {
+            for (auto &model : model_list) {
+                if (is_model(model)) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        bool is_ext(const char *ext) {
+            return _stricmp(EXT, ext) == 0;
+        }
+
+        bool is_ext(int datecode_min, int datecode_max) {
+
+            // range check
+            long datecode = strtol(EXT, NULL, 10);
+            return datecode_min <= datecode && datecode <= datecode_max;
+        }
+
+        std::string get_identifier() {
+            return fmt::format("{}:{}:{}:{}:{}",
+                    avs::game::MODEL,
+                    avs::game::DEST,
+                    avs::game::SPEC,
+                    avs::game::REV,
+                    avs::game::EXT);
+        }
+
+        void load_dll() {
+            log_info("avs-game", "loading DLL '{}'", DLL_NAME);
+
+            // load game instance
+            const auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / DLL_NAME;
+            const auto dll_path_s = dll_path.string();
+            log_info("avs-game", "DLL path: {}", dll_path_s.c_str());
+
+            if (MAX_PATH <= (dll_path_s.length() + 64)) {
+                log_warning(
+                    "avs-game",
+                    "PATH TOO LONG WARNING\n\n\n"
+                    "-------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+                    "WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING\n"
+                    "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\n"
+                    "'{}' has a length of {}\n"
+                    "Most of these games will behave unexpectedly when the path is too long,\n"
+                    "often resulting in random crashes. Move the game contents to a directory\n"
+                    "with shorter path.\n"
+                    "-------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n",
+                    dll_path_s, dll_path_s.length());
+            }
+            if (fileutils::verify_header_pe(dll_path)) {
+                DLL_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library(dll_path);
+            }
+
+            // load entry points
+            dll_entry_init = (ENTRY_INIT_T) libutils::get_proc(DLL_INSTANCE, ENTRY_INIT_NAME);
+            dll_entry_main = (ENTRY_MAIN_T) libutils::get_proc(DLL_INSTANCE, ENTRY_MAIN_NAME);
+            log_info("avs-game", "loaded successfully ({})", fmt::ptr(DLL_INSTANCE));
+        }
+
+        bool entry_init(char *sid_code, void *app_param) {
+            auto current_entry_init = (ENTRY_INIT_T) libutils::get_proc(DLL_INSTANCE, ENTRY_INIT_NAME);
+
+            if (dll_entry_init != current_entry_init) {
+                log_info("avs-game", "dll_entry_init is hooked");
+
+                dll_entry_init = current_entry_init;
+            }
+
+            return dll_entry_init(sid_code, app_param);
+        }
+
+        void entry_main() {
+            auto current_entry_main = (ENTRY_MAIN_T) libutils::get_proc(DLL_INSTANCE, ENTRY_MAIN_NAME);
+
+            if (dll_entry_main != current_entry_main) {
+                log_info("avs-game", "dll_entry_main is hooked");
+
+                dll_entry_main = current_entry_main;
+            }
+
+            dll_entry_main();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/avs/game.h b/avs/game.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f49595d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/game.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace avs {
+
+    /*
+     * helpers
+     */
+    namespace game {
+
+        // properties
+        extern char MODEL[4];
+        extern char DEST[2];
+        extern char SPEC[2];
+        extern char REV[2];
+        extern char EXT[11];
+
+        // handle
+        extern HINSTANCE DLL_INSTANCE;
+        extern std::string DLL_NAME;
+
+        // helpers
+        bool is_model(const char *model);
+        bool is_model(const char *model, const char *ext);
+        bool is_model(const std::initializer_list<const char *> model_list);
+        bool is_ext(const char *ext);
+        bool is_ext(int datecode_min, int datecode_max);
+        std::string get_identifier();
+
+        // functions
+        void load_dll();
+
+        /*
+         * library functions
+         */
+
+        bool entry_init(char *sid_code, void *app_param);
+        void entry_main();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/avs/ssl.cpp b/avs/ssl.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3ed55c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/ssl.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1363 @@
+#define SECURITY_WIN32
+
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <schnlsp.h>
+#include <sspi.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "ssl.h"
+#include "core.h"
+
+#ifndef SP_PROT_TLS1_1_CLIENT
+#define SP_PROT_TLS1_1_CLIENT 0x00000200
+#endif
+
+#ifndef SP_PROT_TLS1_2_CLIENT
+#define SP_PROT_TLS1_2_CLIENT 0x00000800
+#endif
+
+#define IO_BUF_INITIAL_CAPACITY 524288
+
+namespace avs {
+
+    // These structures are initialized by AVS and our functions are handed pointers to
+    // them, do not use C++ objects in them!
+
+    struct io_buf {
+        uint8_t *bytes;
+        size_t capacity;
+        size_t pos;
+        size_t limit;
+    };
+
+    struct core::avs_net_proto_desc_work {
+        void *proto_desc_work;
+        uint32_t padding[16];
+    };
+    struct core::avs_net_sock_desc_work {
+        void *proto_desc_work;
+        int sock_fd;
+        uint32_t address;
+        avs_net_port_t port;
+        const char *hostname;
+        uint32_t send_timeout;
+        uint32_t recv_timeout;
+        bool non_blocking;
+        CtxtHandle security_context;
+        CredHandle credentials_handle;
+        SecPkgContext_StreamSizes sizes;
+        struct io_buf send_buf;
+        struct io_buf recv_buf;
+        uint8_t *recv_plaintext_tail;
+        size_t recv_plaintext_count;
+        uint8_t *recv_ciphertext_tail;
+        size_t recv_ciphertext_count;
+        bool got_shutdown;
+        uint32_t padding[16];
+    };
+
+    namespace ssl {
+        using avs::core::avs_iovec;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_port_t;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_poll_fd;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_poll_fd_opaque;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_pollfds_size_t;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_proto_desc_work;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_size_t;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_sock_desc_work;
+        using avs::core::avs_net_timeout_t;
+        using avs::core::AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET;
+        using avs::core::AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_NET_TIMEOUT;
+        using avs::core::AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_BADMSG;
+        using avs::core::AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_INVAL;
+        using avs::core::AVS_NET_POLL_POLLIN;
+        using avs::core::AVS_NET_PROTOCOL_SSL_TLS_V1_1;
+        using avs::core::AVS_SO_SNDTIMEO;
+        using avs::core::AVS_SO_RCVTIMEO;
+        using avs::core::AVS_SO_NONBLOCK;
+        using avs::core::AVS_SO_SSL_PROTOCOL;
+        using avs::core::AVS_SO_SSL_VERIFY_CN;
+        using avs::core::T_NET_PROTO_ID_DEFAULT;
+
+        enum tls_recv_payload {
+            TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_NONE,
+            TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_DATA,
+            TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_SHUTDOWN_TOKEN,
+        };
+
+        static constexpr size_t alignment = 16;
+
+        static int io_buf_init(struct io_buf *buf, size_t initial_capacity) {
+            uint8_t *tmp_bytes = nullptr;
+            int err = 0;
+
+            if (buf == nullptr) {
+                err = -1;
+                goto arg_fail;
+            }
+
+            tmp_bytes = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(_aligned_malloc(initial_capacity, alignment));
+
+            if (tmp_bytes == nullptr) {
+                err = -1;
+
+                goto alloc_fail;
+            }
+
+            buf->bytes = tmp_bytes;
+            buf->capacity = initial_capacity;
+            buf->pos = 0;
+            buf->limit = initial_capacity;
+
+            return 0;
+
+alloc_fail:
+            memset(buf, 0, sizeof(*buf));
+
+arg_fail:
+            return err;
+        }
+
+        static inline int io_buf_validate(const struct io_buf *buf) {
+            if (buf == nullptr || buf->bytes == nullptr) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            if (buf->pos > buf->limit || buf->limit > buf->capacity) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int io_buf_grow_to(struct io_buf *buf, size_t min_capacity) {
+            auto err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            auto tmp_capacity = buf->capacity;
+
+            while (tmp_capacity < min_capacity) {
+                tmp_capacity *= 2;
+            }
+
+            if (tmp_capacity <= buf->capacity) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            auto tmp_bytes = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(_aligned_malloc(tmp_capacity, alignment));
+
+            if (tmp_bytes == NULL) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            memcpy(tmp_bytes, buf->bytes, buf->pos);
+
+            _aligned_free(buf->bytes);
+
+            buf->bytes = tmp_bytes;
+            buf->capacity = tmp_capacity;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int io_buf_grow(struct io_buf *buf) {
+            auto err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            return io_buf_grow_to(buf, buf->capacity * 2);
+        }
+
+        static int io_buf_append(struct io_buf *buf, const void *src, size_t *nbytes) {
+            auto err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            if (src == nullptr || nbytes == nullptr) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            if (*nbytes > buf->limit - buf->pos) {
+                *nbytes = buf->limit - buf->pos;
+            }
+
+            memcpy(&buf->bytes[buf->pos], src, *nbytes);
+
+            buf->pos += *nbytes;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int io_buf_flip(struct io_buf *buf) {
+            auto err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            buf->limit = buf->pos;
+            buf->pos = 0;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static void io_buf_finish(struct io_buf *buf) {
+            if (buf != nullptr && buf->bytes != nullptr) {
+                _aligned_free(buf->bytes);
+
+                buf->bytes = nullptr;
+                buf->capacity = 0;
+                buf->pos = 0;
+                buf->limit = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int impl_socket_recv(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, struct io_buf *buf) {
+            int result = 0;
+            int err = 0;
+
+            if (work == nullptr || work->sock_fd < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            if (buf->pos == buf->limit) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            result = core::avs_net_recv(work->sock_fd, &buf->bytes[buf->pos], buf->limit - buf->pos);
+
+            if (result < 0) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "avs_net_recv failed: 0x{:08x}", result);
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            if (result == 0) {
+                log_misc("avs::ssl", "connection closed");
+
+                return -2;
+            }
+
+            buf->pos += result;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int impl_socket_recv_all(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                struct io_buf *buf,
+                uint32_t recv_timeout)
+        {
+            uint8_t old_non_blocking_value = 0;
+            uint8_t non_blocking = 0;
+            avs_net_size_t old_non_blocking_value_size = 0;
+            struct avs_net_poll_fd poll_fds[1] {};
+            int ret = 0;
+
+            if (work == nullptr || work->sock_fd < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            auto err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            if (buf->pos == buf->limit) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            poll_fds[0].socket = work->sock_fd;
+            poll_fds[0].events = AVS_NET_POLL_POLLIN;
+
+            non_blocking = 1;
+            old_non_blocking_value_size = sizeof(old_non_blocking_value);
+
+            core::avs_net_getsockopt(work->sock_fd, AVS_SO_NONBLOCK, &old_non_blocking_value, &old_non_blocking_value_size);
+            core::avs_net_setsockopt(work->sock_fd, AVS_SO_NONBLOCK, &non_blocking, sizeof(non_blocking));
+
+            while (true) {
+                auto result = core::avs_net_poll(poll_fds, std::size(poll_fds), recv_timeout);
+
+                if (result < 0) {
+                    log_warning("avs::ssl", "avs_net_poll failed: 0x{:08x}", result);
+
+                    ret = -1;
+
+                    goto out;
+                }
+
+                if (!result) {
+#if 0
+                    log_warning("avs::ssl", "socket timeout, no data received after {} milliseconds", recv_timeout);
+#endif
+
+                    goto poll_succeeded_or_empty;
+                }
+
+                if (poll_fds[0].r_events & AVS_NET_POLL_POLLIN) {
+                    result = core::avs_net_recv(work->sock_fd, &buf->bytes[buf->pos], buf->limit - buf->pos);
+
+                    if (result < 0) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (result == 0) {
+                        log_misc("avs::ssl", "connection closed");
+
+                        ret = -1;
+
+                        goto out;
+                    }
+
+#if 0
+                    log_warning("avs::ssl", "socket({}) got {} bytes during handshake", work->sock_fd, result);
+#endif
+
+                    buf->pos += result;
+                }
+            }
+
+poll_succeeded_or_empty:
+            ret = 0;
+
+out:
+            core::avs_net_setsockopt(work->sock_fd, AVS_SO_NONBLOCK, &old_non_blocking_value, sizeof(old_non_blocking_value));
+
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        static int impl_socket_send(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, struct io_buf *buf) {
+            if (work == nullptr || work->sock_fd < 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            auto err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            auto result = core::avs_net_send(work->sock_fd, &buf->bytes[buf->pos], buf->limit - buf->pos);
+
+#if 0
+            log_warning("avs::ssl", "socket({}) sending {} bytes", work->sock_fd, buf->limit - buf->pos);
+#endif
+
+            if (result != static_cast<int>(buf->limit - buf->pos)) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "avs_net_send failed: 0x{:08x}", result);
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            buf->pos = buf->limit;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int tls_begin_buffer(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+            auto status = QueryContextAttributes(&work->security_context, SECPKG_ATTR_STREAM_SIZES, &work->sizes);
+
+            if (status != SEC_E_OK) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "QueryContextAttributes failed: {}", FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            auto total = work->sizes.cbHeader + work->sizes.cbTrailer + work->sizes.cbMaximumMessage;
+
+            auto err = io_buf_grow_to(&work->send_buf, total);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int tls_send_chunk(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, const uint8_t *bytes, size_t nbytes) {
+            int err = 0;
+            SecBuffer send_bufs[4];
+            SecBufferDesc send_vec;
+            SECURITY_STATUS status = 0;
+
+            send_vec.ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION;
+            send_vec.pBuffers = send_bufs;
+            send_vec.cBuffers = std::size(send_bufs);
+
+            send_bufs[0].BufferType = SECBUFFER_STREAM_HEADER;
+            send_bufs[0].pvBuffer = &work->send_buf.bytes[0];
+            send_bufs[0].cbBuffer = work->sizes.cbHeader;
+
+            send_bufs[1].BufferType = SECBUFFER_DATA;
+            send_bufs[1].pvBuffer = &work->send_buf.bytes[work->sizes.cbHeader];
+            send_bufs[1].cbBuffer = nbytes;
+
+            send_bufs[2].BufferType = SECBUFFER_STREAM_TRAILER;
+            send_bufs[2].pvBuffer = &work->send_buf.bytes[work->sizes.cbHeader + nbytes];
+            send_bufs[2].cbBuffer = work->sizes.cbTrailer;
+
+            send_bufs[3].BufferType = SECBUFFER_EMPTY;
+            send_bufs[3].pvBuffer = nullptr;
+            send_bufs[3].cbBuffer = 0;
+
+            memcpy(send_bufs[1].pvBuffer, bytes, nbytes);
+
+            status = EncryptMessage(&work->security_context, 0, &send_vec, 0);
+
+            if (status != SEC_E_OK) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "EncryptMessage failed: {}", FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            work->send_buf.pos = 0;
+            work->send_buf.limit = send_bufs[0].cbBuffer + send_bufs[1].cbBuffer + send_bufs[2].cbBuffer;
+
+            err = impl_socket_send(work, &work->send_buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "impl_socket_send failed: {}", err);
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int tls_send(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, struct io_buf *buf) {
+            size_t chunk_size = 0;
+            int err = 0;
+
+            err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            if (buf->pos == buf->limit) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            while (buf->pos < buf->limit) {
+                chunk_size = buf->limit - buf->pos;
+
+                if (chunk_size > work->sizes.cbMaximumMessage) {
+                    chunk_size = work->sizes.cbMaximumMessage;
+                }
+
+                err = tls_send_chunk(work, &buf->bytes[buf->pos], chunk_size);
+
+                if (err != 0) {
+                    return err;
+                }
+
+                buf->pos += chunk_size;
+            }
+
+            return err;
+        }
+
+        static int tls_recv_dequeue_plaintext(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, struct io_buf *buf) {
+            size_t tail_nbytes = 0;
+            int err = 0;
+
+            tail_nbytes = work->recv_plaintext_count;
+
+            err = io_buf_append(buf, work->recv_plaintext_tail, &tail_nbytes);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            SecureZeroMemory(work->recv_plaintext_tail, tail_nbytes);
+
+            work->recv_plaintext_count -= tail_nbytes;
+            work->recv_plaintext_tail += tail_nbytes;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int tls_recv_common(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, enum tls_recv_payload *payload) {
+            int err = 0;
+            SecBuffer recv_bufs[4];
+            SecBufferDesc recv_vec;
+            SECURITY_STATUS status = SEC_E_OK;
+
+            // Consolidate any leftover ciphertext at the start of the buffer
+            memmove(work->recv_buf.bytes, work->recv_ciphertext_tail, work->recv_ciphertext_count);
+
+            work->recv_buf.pos = work->recv_ciphertext_count;
+            work->recv_buf.limit = work->recv_buf.capacity;
+            work->recv_ciphertext_tail = nullptr;
+            work->recv_ciphertext_count = 0;
+
+            recv_vec.ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION;
+            recv_vec.cBuffers = std::size(recv_bufs);
+            recv_vec.pBuffers = recv_bufs;
+
+            while (true) {
+                recv_bufs[0].BufferType = SECBUFFER_DATA;
+                recv_bufs[0].pvBuffer = work->recv_buf.bytes;
+                recv_bufs[0].cbBuffer = work->recv_buf.pos;
+
+                for (size_t i = 1; i < std::size(recv_bufs); i++) {
+                    recv_bufs[i].BufferType = SECBUFFER_EMPTY;
+                    recv_bufs[i].pvBuffer = nullptr;
+                    recv_bufs[i].cbBuffer = 0;
+                }
+
+                status = DecryptMessage(&work->security_context, &recv_vec, 0, nullptr);
+
+                if (status != SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                err = impl_socket_recv(work, &work->recv_buf);
+
+                if (err != 0) {
+                    if (err != -2) {
+                        log_warning("avs::ssl", "impl_socket_recv failed: {}", err);
+                    }
+
+                    return err;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Deal with whatever it is we received
+            switch (status) {
+                case SEC_E_OK:
+
+                    // Walk buffers and mark up the plaintext and ciphertext span within our
+                    // own io_buf as appropriate
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(recv_bufs); i++) {
+                        switch (recv_bufs[i].BufferType) {
+                            case SECBUFFER_DATA:
+                                work->recv_plaintext_tail = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(recv_bufs[i].pvBuffer);
+                                work->recv_plaintext_count = recv_bufs[i].cbBuffer;
+                                break;
+
+                            case SECBUFFER_EXTRA:
+                                work->recv_ciphertext_tail = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(recv_bufs[i].pvBuffer);
+                                work->recv_ciphertext_count = recv_bufs[i].cbBuffer;
+                                break;
+
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    *payload = TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_DATA;
+
+                    return 0;
+
+                case SEC_I_CONTEXT_EXPIRED:
+                    *payload = TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_SHUTDOWN_TOKEN;
+
+                    return 0;
+
+                default:
+                    log_warning("avs::ssl", "DecryptMessage failed: {}", FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                    work->recv_buf.pos = 0;
+                    work->recv_buf.limit = 0;
+
+                    return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int tls_recv(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, struct io_buf *buf) {
+            enum tls_recv_payload payload = TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_NONE;
+            int err = 0;
+
+            err = io_buf_validate(buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            if (buf->pos == buf->limit) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            // Try to drain any leftover plaintext in the receive buffer
+            if (work->recv_plaintext_count > 0) {
+                return tls_recv_dequeue_plaintext(work, buf);
+            }
+
+            err = tls_recv_common(work, &payload);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            switch (payload) {
+                case TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_DATA:
+                    return tls_recv_dequeue_plaintext(work, buf);
+
+                case TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_SHUTDOWN_TOKEN:
+                    work->got_shutdown = true;
+
+                    return -2;
+
+                default:
+                    return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int tls_recv_shutdown(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+            enum tls_recv_payload payload = TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_NONE;
+
+            if (work->recv_plaintext_count > 0) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            if (work->got_shutdown) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            auto err = tls_recv_common(work, &payload);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                return err;
+            }
+
+            if (payload != TLS_RECV_PAYLOAD_SHUTDOWN_TOKEN) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int tls_send_shutdown(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+            static uint32_t tls_shutdown_token = SCHANNEL_SHUTDOWN;
+            ULONG attrs = 0;
+            SecBuffer cmd_buf;
+            SecBufferDesc cmd_vec;
+            SECURITY_STATUS status = SEC_E_OK;
+
+            cmd_vec.ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION;
+            cmd_vec.pBuffers = &cmd_buf;
+            cmd_vec.cBuffers = 1;
+
+            cmd_buf.BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
+            cmd_buf.pvBuffer = static_cast<void *>(&tls_shutdown_token);
+            cmd_buf.cbBuffer = sizeof(tls_shutdown_token);
+
+            status = ApplyControlToken(&work->security_context, &cmd_vec);
+
+            if (status != SEC_E_OK) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "{}: ApplyControlToken failed: {}", __func__, FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            cmd_vec.ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION;
+            cmd_vec.pBuffers = &cmd_buf;
+            cmd_vec.cBuffers = 1;
+
+            cmd_buf.BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
+            cmd_buf.pvBuffer = work->send_buf.bytes;
+            cmd_buf.cbBuffer = work->send_buf.capacity;
+
+            log_info("avs::ssl", "calling InitializeSecurityContextA to generate token");
+
+            status = InitializeSecurityContextA(
+                    &work->credentials_handle,
+                    &work->security_context,
+                    const_cast<SEC_CHAR *>(work->hostname),
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    nullptr,
+                    0,
+                    nullptr,
+                    &cmd_vec,
+                    &attrs,
+                    nullptr);
+
+            if (status != SEC_E_OK) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "{}: InitializeSecurityContextA failed: {}", __func__, FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            work->send_buf.pos = 0;
+            work->send_buf.limit = cmd_buf.cbBuffer;
+
+            auto err = impl_socket_send(work, &work->send_buf);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "impl_socket_send failed: {}", err);
+            }
+
+            return err;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_protocol_initialize(struct avs_net_proto_desc_work *work) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_protocol_finalize(struct avs_net_proto_desc_work *work) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_allocate_socket(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+            SCHANNEL_CRED credentials;
+            CredHandle credentials_handle;
+
+            memset(work, 0, sizeof(*work));
+            memset(&credentials, 0, sizeof(credentials));
+
+            credentials.dwVersion = SCHANNEL_CRED_VERSION;
+            credentials.cCreds = 0;
+            credentials.paCred = nullptr;
+            credentials.dwFlags = SCH_CRED_AUTO_CRED_VALIDATION | SCH_CRED_REVOCATION_CHECK_CHAIN_EXCLUDE_ROOT | SCH_CRED_IGNORE_REVOCATION_OFFLINE;
+            credentials.grbitEnabledProtocols = SP_PROT_TLS1_CLIENT | SP_PROT_TLS1_1_CLIENT | SP_PROT_TLS1_2_CLIENT;
+
+            auto status = AcquireCredentialsHandleA(
+                    nullptr,
+                    const_cast<SEC_CHAR *>(UNISP_NAME),
+                    SECPKG_CRED_OUTBOUND,
+                    nullptr,
+                    &credentials,
+                    nullptr,
+                    nullptr,
+                    &credentials_handle,
+                    nullptr);
+
+            if (status != SEC_E_OK) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "AcquireCredentialsHandleA failed: {}", status);
+
+                return core::avs_error_make(AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET, AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_INVAL);
+            }
+
+            work->credentials_handle = credentials_handle;
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static void ssl_free_socket(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+            if (work != nullptr) {
+                if (work->hostname != nullptr) {
+                    free(const_cast<void *>(reinterpret_cast<const void *>(work->hostname)));
+
+                    work->hostname = nullptr;
+                }
+
+                FreeCredentialsHandle(&work->credentials_handle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_initialize_socket(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+            auto sock_fd = core::avs_net_socket(T_NET_PROTO_ID_DEFAULT);
+
+            if (sock_fd > 0) {
+                work->sock_fd = sock_fd;
+
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static void ssl_finalize_socket(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_setsockopt(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                unsigned int option_name,
+                const void *option_value,
+                avs_net_size_t option_len)
+        {
+            // SSL specific options here
+            switch (option_name) {
+                case AVS_SO_SSL_PROTOCOL:
+                    log_info("avs::ssl", "AVS_SO_SSL_PROTOCOL = {}", *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(option_value));
+
+                    return 0;
+
+                case AVS_SO_SSL_VERIFY_CN:
+                    log_info("avs::ssl", "AVS_SO_SSL_VERIFY_CN = {}", *reinterpret_cast<const int *>(option_value));
+
+                    return 0;
+
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // Generic network options here
+            auto result = core::avs_net_setsockopt(work->sock_fd, option_name, option_value, option_len);
+
+            if (result < 0) {
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            switch (option_name) {
+                case AVS_SO_SNDTIMEO:
+                    work->send_timeout = *reinterpret_cast<const avs_net_timeout_t *>(option_value);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case AVS_SO_RCVTIMEO:
+                    work->recv_timeout = *reinterpret_cast<const avs_net_timeout_t *>(option_value);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case AVS_SO_NONBLOCK:
+                    work->non_blocking = *reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(option_value);
+
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_getsockopt(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                unsigned int option_name,
+                void *option_value,
+                avs_net_size_t *option_len)
+        {
+            switch (option_name) {
+                case AVS_SO_SNDTIMEO:
+                    *reinterpret_cast<avs_net_timeout_t *>(option_value) = work->send_timeout;
+                    *option_len = sizeof(avs_net_timeout_t);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case AVS_SO_RCVTIMEO:
+                    *reinterpret_cast<avs_net_timeout_t *>(option_value) = work->recv_timeout;
+                    *option_len = sizeof(avs_net_timeout_t);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case AVS_SO_NONBLOCK:
+                    *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(option_value) = work->non_blocking;
+                    *option_len = sizeof(uint8_t);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case AVS_SO_SSL_PROTOCOL:
+                    *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(option_value) = AVS_NET_PROTOCOL_SSL_TLS_V1_1;
+                    *option_len = sizeof(uint32_t);
+
+                    break;
+
+                case AVS_SO_SSL_VERIFY_CN:
+                    *reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(option_value) = 0;
+                    *option_len = sizeof(uint8_t);
+
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    return core::avs_net_getsockopt(work->sock_fd, option_name, option_value, option_len);
+            }
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_bind(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                uint32_t address,
+                avs_net_port_t port)
+        {
+            auto result = core::avs_net_bind(work->sock_fd, address, port);
+
+            if (result > 0) {
+                work->address = address;
+                work->port = port;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_connect(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                uint32_t address,
+                avs_net_port_t port)
+        {
+            constexpr uint32_t security_context_flags = ISC_REQ_CONFIDENTIALITY |
+                ISC_REQ_INTEGRITY |
+                ISC_REQ_STREAM |
+                ISC_REQ_SEQUENCE_DETECT |
+                ISC_REQ_REPLAY_DETECT;
+
+            SecBuffer send_bufs[2] {};
+            SecBufferDesc send_vec {};
+            SecBuffer recv_bufs[2] {};
+            SecBufferDesc recv_vec {};
+            CtxtHandle security_context;
+            ULONG attributes = 0;
+            SECURITY_STATUS status = SEC_E_OK;
+            int result = 0;
+            int err = 0;
+
+            char hostname[256];
+
+            memset(&security_context, 0, sizeof(security_context));
+
+            result = core::avs_net_addrinfobyaddr(address, hostname, sizeof(hostname), 1);
+
+            if (result < 0) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "avs_net_addrinfobyaddr failed: {}", FMT_HRESULT(result));
+
+                return result;
+            }
+
+            work->hostname = strdup(hostname);
+
+            err = io_buf_init(&work->send_buf, IO_BUF_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                goto send_buf_fail;
+            }
+
+            err = io_buf_init(&work->recv_buf, IO_BUF_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                goto recv_buf_fail;
+            }
+
+            result = core::avs_net_connect(work->sock_fd, address, port);
+
+            if (result < 0) {
+                log_warning("avs::ssl", "avs_net_connect failed: {}", FMT_HRESULT(result));
+
+                err = result;
+
+                goto connect_fail;
+            }
+
+            send_vec.ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION;
+            send_vec.pBuffers = send_bufs;
+            send_vec.cBuffers = std::size(send_bufs);
+
+            recv_vec.ulVersion = SECBUFFER_VERSION;
+            recv_vec.pBuffers = recv_bufs;
+            recv_vec.cBuffers = std::size(recv_bufs);
+
+            send_bufs[0].BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
+            send_bufs[0].pvBuffer = work->send_buf.bytes;
+            send_bufs[0].cbBuffer = work->send_buf.capacity;
+
+            send_bufs[1].BufferType = SECBUFFER_EMPTY;
+            send_bufs[1].pvBuffer = nullptr;
+            send_bufs[1].cbBuffer = 0;
+
+            status = InitializeSecurityContextA(
+                    &work->credentials_handle,
+                    nullptr,
+                    const_cast<SEC_CHAR *>(work->hostname),
+                    security_context_flags,
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    nullptr,
+                    0,
+                    &security_context,
+                    &send_vec,
+                    &attributes,
+                    nullptr);
+
+            if (status != SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED) {
+                log_warning("ssl", "{}: InitializeSecurityContextA failed: {}", __func__, FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                err = core::avs_error_make(AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET, AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_BADMSG);
+
+                goto first_isc_fail;
+            }
+
+            while (status != SEC_E_OK) {
+                switch (status) {
+                    case SEC_I_CONTINUE_NEEDED:
+                        work->send_buf.pos = 0;
+                        work->send_buf.limit = send_bufs[0].cbBuffer;
+
+                        // Only send data if we need to
+                        if (send_bufs[0].cbBuffer > 0) {
+                            err = impl_socket_send(work, &work->send_buf);
+
+                            if (err != 0) {
+                                goto loop_fail;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        work->recv_buf.pos = 0;
+                        work->recv_buf.limit = work->recv_buf.capacity;
+
+                        err = impl_socket_recv_all(work, &work->recv_buf, 100);
+
+                        if (err != 0) {
+                            goto loop_fail;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                    case SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_MESSAGE: 
+                        if (recv_bufs[1].BufferType != SECBUFFER_MISSING) {
+                            err = core::avs_error_make(AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET, AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_BADMSG);
+
+                            goto loop_fail;
+                        }
+
+                        err = io_buf_grow_to(&work->recv_buf, work->recv_buf.pos + recv_bufs[1].cbBuffer);
+
+                        if (err != 0) {
+                            goto loop_fail;
+                        }
+
+                        work->recv_buf.limit = work->recv_buf.capacity;
+
+                        err = impl_socket_recv(work, &work->recv_buf);
+
+                        if (err != 0) {
+                            goto loop_fail;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                    case SEC_E_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL:
+                        err = io_buf_grow(&work->send_buf);
+
+                        if (err != 0) {
+                            goto loop_fail;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+
+                    case SEC_E_WRONG_PRINCIPAL:
+                    case SEC_E_CERT_EXPIRED:
+                    case SEC_E_UNTRUSTED_ROOT:
+                    case SEC_E_ALGORITHM_MISMATCH:
+                    case SEC_E_INCOMPLETE_CREDENTIALS:
+                        log_warning("avs::ssl", "unable to verify server/client certificate: {}", FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                        err = core::avs_error_make(AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET, AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_INVAL);
+
+                        goto loop_fail;
+
+                    default:
+                        log_warning("avs::ssl", "TLS handshake failed with status: {}", FMT_HRESULT(status));
+
+                        err = core::avs_error_make(AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET, AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_SC_BADMSG);
+
+                        goto loop_fail;
+                }
+
+                send_bufs[0].BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
+                send_bufs[0].pvBuffer = work->send_buf.bytes;
+                send_bufs[0].cbBuffer = work->send_buf.capacity;
+
+                send_bufs[1].BufferType = SECBUFFER_EMPTY;
+                send_bufs[1].pvBuffer = nullptr;
+                send_bufs[1].cbBuffer = 0;
+
+                recv_bufs[0].BufferType = SECBUFFER_TOKEN;
+                recv_bufs[0].pvBuffer = work->recv_buf.bytes;
+                recv_bufs[0].cbBuffer = work->recv_buf.pos;
+
+                recv_bufs[1].BufferType = SECBUFFER_EMPTY;
+                recv_bufs[1].pvBuffer = nullptr;
+                recv_bufs[1].cbBuffer = 0;
+
+                status = InitializeSecurityContextA(
+                        &work->credentials_handle,
+                        &security_context,
+                        reinterpret_cast<SEC_CHAR *>(hostname),
+                        security_context_flags,
+                        0,
+                        0,
+                        &recv_vec,
+                        0,
+                        nullptr,
+                        &send_vec,
+                        &attributes,
+                        nullptr);
+            }
+
+            log_misc("avs::ssl", "TLS handshake complete");
+
+            work->security_context = security_context;
+
+            tls_begin_buffer(work);
+
+            return 0;
+
+loop_fail:
+            DeleteSecurityContext(&security_context);
+
+connect_fail:
+first_isc_fail:
+            io_buf_finish(&work->recv_buf);
+
+recv_buf_fail:
+            io_buf_finish(&work->send_buf);
+
+send_buf_fail:
+            return err;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_listen(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, int backlog) {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_accept(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                void *new_sock,
+                uint32_t *address,
+                avs_net_port_t *port)
+        {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_close(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work) {
+            return core::avs_net_close(work->sock_fd);
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_shutdown(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work, int how) {
+            auto err = tls_send_shutdown(work);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+
+            err = tls_recv_shutdown(work);
+
+            if (err != 0) {
+                goto fail;
+            }
+
+fail:
+            io_buf_finish(&work->recv_buf);
+
+            return core::avs_net_shutdown(work->sock_fd, how);
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_sendtov(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                const struct avs_iovec *iovec,
+                int iov_count,
+                uint32_t address,
+                avs_net_port_t port)
+        {
+            struct io_buf send_io_buf;
+            int err = 0;
+            int result = -1;
+            int bytes_sent = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < iov_count; i++) {
+                auto iovp = &iovec[i];
+                auto iov_len = iovp->iov_len;
+
+                err = io_buf_init(&send_io_buf, IO_BUF_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
+
+                if (err != 0) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+
+                err = io_buf_append(&send_io_buf, iovp->iov_base, &iov_len);
+
+                if (err != 0) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+
+                err = io_buf_flip(&send_io_buf);
+
+                if (err != 0) {
+                    goto fail;
+                }
+
+                result = tls_send(work, &send_io_buf);
+
+                if (result < 0) {
+                    log_warning("avs::ssl", "tls_send failed: {}", result);
+
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                // Use the original length
+                bytes_sent += iovp->iov_len;
+
+                io_buf_finish(&send_io_buf);
+            }
+
+            result = bytes_sent;
+
+fail:
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_recvfromv(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                struct avs_iovec *iovec,
+                int iov_count,
+                uint32_t *address,
+                avs_net_port_t *port)
+        {
+            struct io_buf recv_io_buf;
+            int result = -1;
+            int bytes_received = 0;
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < iov_count; i++) {
+                auto iovp = &iovec[i];
+                auto iov_len = iovp->iov_len;
+
+                if (!iov_len) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                recv_io_buf.bytes = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(iovp->iov_base);
+                recv_io_buf.pos = 0;
+                recv_io_buf.limit = iov_len;
+                recv_io_buf.capacity = iov_len;
+
+                result = tls_recv(work, &recv_io_buf);
+
+                if (result < 0) {
+
+                    // connection closed returns -2, convert to -1
+                    if (result == -2) {
+                        result = -1;
+                    } else {
+                        log_warning("avs::ssl", "{}: tls_recv failed: {}", __func__, result);
+                    }
+
+                    return result;
+                }
+
+                bytes_received += recv_io_buf.pos;
+            }
+
+            if (address != nullptr) {
+                *address = work->address;
+            }
+
+            if (port != nullptr) {
+                *port = work->port;
+            }
+
+#if 0
+            log_warning("avs::ssl", "socket({}) received {} bytes", work->sock_fd, bytes_received);
+#endif
+
+            return bytes_received;
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_pollfds_add(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd_opaque *fds,
+                avs_net_pollfds_size_t fds_size,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd *events)
+        {
+            if (work->sock_fd < 0) {
+                return core::avs_error_make(AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET, AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_NET_TIMEOUT);
+            }
+
+            return core::avs_net_pollfds_add(work->sock_fd, fds, fds_size, events);
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_pollfds_get(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd *events,
+                struct avs_net_poll_fd_opaque *fds)
+        {
+            if (work->sock_fd < 0) {
+                return core::avs_error_make(AVS_ERROR_CLASS_NET, AVS_ERROR_SUBCLASS_NET_TIMEOUT);
+            }
+
+            return core::avs_net_pollfds_get(work->sock_fd, events, fds);
+        }
+
+        static int ssl_socket_sockpeer(
+                struct avs_net_sock_desc_work *work,
+                bool peer_name,
+                uint32_t *address,
+                avs_net_port_t *port)
+        {
+            if (peer_name) {
+                return core::avs_net_get_peername(work->sock_fd, address, port);
+            }
+
+            return core::avs_net_get_sockname(work->sock_fd, address, port);
+        }
+
+        static struct core::avs_net_protocol_ops ssl_protocol_ops {
+            .protocol_initialize = ssl_protocol_initialize,
+            .protocol_finalize   = ssl_protocol_finalize,
+            .allocate_socket     = ssl_allocate_socket,
+            .free_socket         = ssl_free_socket,
+            .initialize_socket   = ssl_initialize_socket,
+            .finalize_socket     = ssl_finalize_socket,
+            .setsockopt          = ssl_setsockopt,
+            .getsockopt          = ssl_socket_getsockopt,
+            .bind                = ssl_socket_bind,
+            .connect             = ssl_socket_connect,
+            .listen              = ssl_socket_listen,
+            .accept              = ssl_socket_accept,
+            .close               = ssl_socket_close,
+            .shutdown            = ssl_socket_shutdown,
+            .sendtov             = ssl_socket_sendtov,
+            .recvfromv           = ssl_socket_recvfromv,
+            .pollfds_add         = ssl_socket_pollfds_add,
+            .pollfds_get         = ssl_socket_pollfds_get,
+            .sockpeer            = ssl_socket_sockpeer
+        };
+
+        static struct core::avs_net_protocol ssl_protocol {
+            .ops             = &ssl_protocol_ops,
+            .magic           = core::AVS_NET_PROTOCOL_MAGIC,
+            .protocol_id     = SSL_PROTOCOL_ID,
+            .proto_work_size = sizeof(struct avs_net_proto_desc_work),
+            .sock_work_size  = sizeof(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work),
+        };
+
+        static struct core::avs_net_protocol_legacy ssl_protocol_legacy {
+            .ops         = &ssl_protocol_ops,
+            .protocol_id = SSL_PROTOCOL_ID,
+            .mystery     = 0,
+            .sz_work     = sizeof(struct avs_net_sock_desc_work),
+        };
+
+        void init() {
+            log_info("ssl", "initializing");
+
+            if (!core::avs_net_add_protocol) {
+                log_warning("ssl", "missing optional avs imports which are required for this module to work");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            core::avs_net_del_protocol(SSL_PROTOCOL_ID);
+
+            int regist_res = 0;
+            if (core::VERSION == core::AVSLEGACY) {
+                core::avs_net_add_protocol_legacy(&ssl_protocol_legacy);
+            } else {
+                core::avs_net_add_protocol(&ssl_protocol);
+            }
+
+            if (regist_res) {
+                log_fatal("ssl", "failed to register protocol");
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/avs/ssl.h b/avs/ssl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0adaf59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/avs/ssl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace avs::ssl {
+    constexpr int32_t SSL_PROTOCOL_ID = 0x102;
+
+    void init();
+}
diff --git a/build/defs.cpp b/build/defs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cb0ec5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/defs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#include "defs.h"
+
+const char VERSION_STRING[] = {
+        VERSION_MAJOR_INIT,
+        '.',
+        VERSION_MINOR_INIT,
+        '-', 'V', '-',
+        BUILD_YEAR_CH0, BUILD_YEAR_CH1, BUILD_YEAR_CH2, BUILD_YEAR_CH3,
+        '-',
+        BUILD_MONTH_CH0, BUILD_MONTH_CH1,
+        '-',
+        BUILD_DAY_CH0, BUILD_DAY_CH1,
+        'T',
+        BUILD_HOUR_CH0, BUILD_HOUR_CH1,
+        ':',
+        BUILD_MIN_CH0, BUILD_MIN_CH1,
+        ':',
+        BUILD_SEC_CH0, BUILD_SEC_CH1,
+        '\0'
+};
+
+const char VERSION_STRING_CFG[] = {
+        BUILD_YEAR_CH0, BUILD_YEAR_CH1, BUILD_YEAR_CH2, BUILD_YEAR_CH3,
+        '-',
+        BUILD_MONTH_CH0, BUILD_MONTH_CH1,
+        '-',
+        BUILD_DAY_CH0, BUILD_DAY_CH1,
+        '\0'
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/defs.h b/build/defs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b9ea0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/defs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "version_num.h"
+
+// Example of __DATE__ string: "Jul 27 2012"
+//                              01234567890
+
+#define BUILD_YEAR_CH0 (__DATE__[ 7])
+#define BUILD_YEAR_CH1 (__DATE__[ 8])
+#define BUILD_YEAR_CH2 (__DATE__[ 9])
+#define BUILD_YEAR_CH3 (__DATE__[10])
+
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_JAN (__DATE__[0] == 'J' && __DATE__[1] == 'a' && __DATE__[2] == 'n')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_FEB (__DATE__[0] == 'F')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_MAR (__DATE__[0] == 'M' && __DATE__[1] == 'a' && __DATE__[2] == 'r')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_APR (__DATE__[0] == 'A' && __DATE__[1] == 'p')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_MAY (__DATE__[0] == 'M' && __DATE__[1] == 'a' && __DATE__[2] == 'y')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_JUN (__DATE__[0] == 'J' && __DATE__[1] == 'u' && __DATE__[2] == 'n')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_JUL (__DATE__[0] == 'J' && __DATE__[1] == 'u' && __DATE__[2] == 'l')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_AUG (__DATE__[0] == 'A' && __DATE__[1] == 'u')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_SEP (__DATE__[0] == 'S')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_OCT (__DATE__[0] == 'O')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_NOV (__DATE__[0] == 'N')
+#define BUILD_MONTH_IS_DEC (__DATE__[0] == 'D')
+
+#define BUILD_MONTH_CH0 \
+    ((BUILD_MONTH_IS_OCT || BUILD_MONTH_IS_NOV || BUILD_MONTH_IS_DEC) ? '1' : '0')
+
+#define BUILD_MONTH_CH1 \
+    ( \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_JAN) ? '1' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_FEB) ? '2' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_MAR) ? '3' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_APR) ? '4' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_MAY) ? '5' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_JUN) ? '6' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_JUL) ? '7' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_AUG) ? '8' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_SEP) ? '9' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_OCT) ? '0' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_NOV) ? '1' : \
+        (BUILD_MONTH_IS_DEC) ? '2' : \
+        /* error default */    '?' \
+    )
+
+#define BUILD_DAY_CH0 ((__DATE__[4] >= '0') ? (__DATE__[4]) : '0')
+#define BUILD_DAY_CH1 (__DATE__[ 5])
+
+// Example of __TIME__ string: "21:06:19"
+//                              01234567
+
+#define BUILD_HOUR_CH0 (__TIME__[0])
+#define BUILD_HOUR_CH1 (__TIME__[1])
+
+#define BUILD_MIN_CH0 (__TIME__[3])
+#define BUILD_MIN_CH1 (__TIME__[4])
+
+#define BUILD_SEC_CH0 (__TIME__[6])
+#define BUILD_SEC_CH1 (__TIME__[7])
+
+#if VERSION_MAJOR > 100
+
+#define VERSION_MAJOR_INIT \
+    ((VERSION_MAJOR / 100) + '0'), \
+    (((VERSION_MAJOR % 100) / 10) + '0'), \
+    ((VERSION_MAJOR % 10) + '0')
+
+#elif VERSION_MAJOR > 10
+
+#define VERSION_MAJOR_INIT \
+    ((VERSION_MAJOR / 10) + '0'), \
+    ((VERSION_MAJOR % 10) + '0')
+
+#else
+
+#define VERSION_MAJOR_INIT \
+    (VERSION_MAJOR + '0')
+
+#endif
+
+#if VERSION_MINOR > 100
+
+#define VERSION_MINOR_INIT \
+    ((VERSION_MINOR / 100) + '0'), \
+    (((VERSION_MINOR % 100) / 10) + '0'), \
+    ((VERSION_MINOR % 10) + '0')
+
+#elif VERSION_MINOR > 10
+
+#define VERSION_MINOR_INIT \
+    ((VERSION_MINOR / 10) + '0'), \
+    ((VERSION_MINOR % 10) + '0')
+
+#else
+
+#define VERSION_MINOR_INIT \
+    (VERSION_MINOR + '0')
+
+#endif
+
+extern const char VERSION_STRING[];
+extern const char VERSION_STRING_CFG[];
diff --git a/build/icon.h b/build/icon.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3fcffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/icon.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define MAINICON 20
diff --git a/build/icon.ico b/build/icon.ico
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3999e0
Binary files /dev/null and b/build/icon.ico differ
diff --git a/build/icon.rc b/build/icon.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8084c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/icon.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "icon.h"
+
+MAINICON ICON "icon.ico"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build/manifest.h b/build/manifest.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a71d4c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/manifest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define CREATEPROCESS_MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1
+#define RT_MANIFEST 24
diff --git a/build/manifest.manifest b/build/manifest.manifest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1810dc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/manifest.manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0" xmlns:asmv3="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v3">
+    <assemblyIdentity version="1.0.0.0" processorArchitecture="*" name="spice.exe" type="win32"/>
+    <description>SpiceTools</description>
+    <asmv3:application>
+        <asmv3:windowsSettings xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2005/WindowsSettings">
+            <dpiAwareness xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/SMI/2016/WindowsSettings">PerMonitorV2</dpiAwareness>
+            <dpiAware>true</dpiAware>
+        </asmv3:windowsSettings>
+    </asmv3:application>
+    <dependency>
+        <dependentAssembly>
+            <assemblyIdentity
+                    type="win32"
+                    name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
+                    version="6.0.0.0"
+                    processorArchitecture="*"
+                    publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
+                    language="*"
+            />
+        </dependentAssembly>
+    </dependency>
+    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
+        <security>
+            <requestedPrivileges>
+                <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false"/>
+            </requestedPrivileges>
+        </security>
+    </trustInfo>
+</assembly>
diff --git a/build/manifest.rc b/build/manifest.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6526a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/manifest.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "manifest.h"
+#include "winuser.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+CREATEPROCESS_MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "manifest.manifest"
+#endif
+
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     1,0,0,0
+PRODUCTVERSION  1,0,0,0
+BEGIN
+    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        BLOCK "080904E4"
+        BEGIN
+            VALUE "CompanyName", ""
+            VALUE "FileDescription", "SpiceTools"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "1.0.0.0"
+            VALUE "InternalName", "spice32"
+            VALUE "LegalCopyright", ""
+            VALUE "OriginalFilename", "spice32.exe"
+            VALUE "ProductName", "SpiceTools"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "1.0.0.0"
+        END
+    END
+    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        VALUE "Translation", 0x809, 1252
+    END
+END
diff --git a/build/manifest64.rc b/build/manifest64.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32c002f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/manifest64.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "manifest.h"
+#include "winuser.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+CREATEPROCESS_MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "manifest.manifest"
+#endif
+
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     1,0,0,0
+PRODUCTVERSION  1,0,0,0
+BEGIN
+    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        BLOCK "080904E4"
+        BEGIN
+            VALUE "CompanyName", ""
+            VALUE "FileDescription", "SpiceTools"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "1.0.0.0"
+            VALUE "InternalName", "spice64"
+            VALUE "LegalCopyright", ""
+            VALUE "OriginalFilename", "spice64.exe"
+            VALUE "ProductName", "SpiceTools"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "1.0.0.0"
+        END
+    END
+    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        VALUE "Translation", 0x809, 1252
+    END
+END
diff --git a/build/patches.json b/build/patches.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e05d70a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/patches.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[{"dateCode":0,"description":"","gameCode":"000","name":"All songs/difficulties unlocked","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"E8695D02","dataEnabled":"B80D0000","dataOffset":1412418,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"8B442420E83EEBFFFF","dataEnabled":"B80300000090909090","dataOffset":1832313,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"Failing early won't drop you out of your session","gameCode":"000","name":"All songs \"Safe\"","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"32C0","dataEnabled":"B001","dataOffset":1548627,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"Remove visual clutter","gameCode":"000","name":"No \"Safe\" banner on jackets","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"73","dataEnabled":"00","dataOffset":3126916,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"If your volume gets forced to max, turn this on","gameCode":"000","name":"Prevent Windows volume change on boot","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"E821030000","dataEnabled":"9090909090","dataOffset":2445514,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"","gameCode":"000","name":"Boot into Event Mode","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"00","dataEnabled":"01","dataOffset":1698514,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"","gameCode":"000","name":"Disable EVENT MODE/FREE PLAY text","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"E8DB","dataEnabled":"EB03","dataOffset":784864,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"Song clears/scores only, mission progress and custom settings do not save","gameCode":"000","name":"PFree (Unlimited plays)","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"00","dataEnabled":"02","dataOffset":1928079,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"8B83641000008D480183F90456577F52","dataEnabled":"B8010000008983641000009056579090","dataOffset":1928566,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"At gauge select, go to excessive and press BT-D to enable","gameCode":"000","name":"Allow ARS (Alternative Rate System) Option","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"74","dataEnabled":"EB","dataOffset":1546340,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"Useful to play with Omega Dimension Ex-Track","gameCode":"000","name":"Freeze timer in all modes","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"8B436085C07404","dataEnabled":"90909090909090","dataOffset":489979,"dllName":"soundvoltex.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":0,"description":"This affects all \"Hard\" Gauge types","gameCode":"000","name":"Non-Effective Rate gauges start at 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Reboot game to re-query for scores.","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Premium Free","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"01","dataEnabled":"00","dataOffset":127142,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Forces fast/slow notifications on, ideal for guests","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Enable Fast/Slow","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"8B4144","dataEnabled":"31C040","dataOffset":621664,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Forces background judgment on, ideal for guests","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Background Judgement","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"8B41","dataEnabled":"31C0","dataOffset":621648,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Forces the dark background on, ideal for guests","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Darkest Background","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"750333C0","dataEnabled":"33C0B003","dataOffset":625166,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Unlocks all event mode songs, ACES FOR ACES, ENDYMION, A20. Still requires a musicdb edit to remove all restrictions.","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Song Unlock (Incomplete)","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"45F4","dataEnabled":"90E9","dataOffset":542417,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"32C0","dataEnabled":"B001","dataOffset":577543,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Skips the in-game tutorial","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Tutorial Skip","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"75","dataEnabled":"EB","dataOffset":302387,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Freezes the in-game timer","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Timer Freeze","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"74","dataEnabled":"EB","dataOffset":161239,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Unlocks e-amusement exclusive options such as ARROW COLOR","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Unlock Options","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"75","dataEnabled":"EB","dataOffset":534323,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Forces EXTRA STAGE/EXTRA ENCORE STAGE on","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Extra Stage/Extra Encore Stage (fixed)","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"0F85","dataEnabled":"90E9","dataOffset":346171,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"0F85","dataEnabled":"90E9","dataOffset":346560,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"This makes the background for the darkest background option be 99% opaque, hiding the background dancers and videos","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Opaque background for darkest background option","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"333333","dataEnabled":"A4707D","dataOffset":1875820,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Causes the game to load a different theme, certain assets (like menu background) may not work with this forced on","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Cabinet Type 6","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"FF24","dataEnabled":"EB71","dataOffset":56856,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Forces the game to use the red cloud background instead of default","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force ENDYMION Menu Background","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"EC","dataEnabled":"F0","dataOffset":129421,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"Skips the check for the golden menu background entirely, causing the game to load the default","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Skip A20 Menu Background Loading","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"75","dataEnabled":"EB","dataOffset":129348,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2019042200,"description":"This enables the use of cabinet lighting for Cabinet Type 6","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Enable cabinet lights for Cabinet Type 6","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"E81A21","dataEnabled":"B80000","dataOffset":48337,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"E86112FEFF","dataEnabled":"B800000000","dataOffset":183178,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"E83D0DFEFF","dataEnabled":"B800000000","dataOffset":184494,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2020020300,"description":"Forces fast/slow notifications on, ideal for guests","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Enable Fast/Slow","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"8B4144","dataEnabled":"31C040","dataOffset":658752,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2020020300,"description":"Forces background judgment on, ideal for guests","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Background Judgement","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"8B41","dataEnabled":"31C0","dataOffset":658736,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2020020300,"description":"Forces the dark background on, ideal for guests","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Force Darkest Background","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"750333C0","dataEnabled":"33C0B003","dataOffset":662254,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2020020300,"description":"Unlocks all event mode songs.","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Song Unlock","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"75085F32C0","dataEnabled":"90905FB001","dataOffset":611014,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"0F85","dataEnabled":"90E9","dataOffset":616867,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"65","dataEnabled":"62","dataOffset":1895460,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"72","dataEnabled":"62","dataOffset":1895468,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"6C","dataEnabled":"62","dataOffset":1895476,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"},{"dataDisabled":"6C","dataEnabled":"62","dataOffset":1895488,"dllName":"gamemdx.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2020020300,"description":"Skips the in-game tutorial","gameCode":"MDX","name":"Tutorial 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default coloris from 30k to 100k","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"307500","dataEnabled":"A08601","dataOffset":2573726,"dllName":"museca.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"},{"dateCode":2020102200,"description":"","gameCode":"PIX","name":"Remove chart date limit","patches":[{"dataDisabled":"8D81FB","dataEnabled":"B001C3","dataOffset":675632,"dllName":"museca.dll"}],"preset":true,"type":"memory"}]
diff --git a/build/resource.h b/build/resource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c356936
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/resource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define IDC_STATIC                      -1
+#define IDD_DIALOG1                     129
+#define IDR_CHANGELOG                   130
+#define IDR_LICENSES                    131
+#define IDR_PATCHES                     132
+#define IDR_README                      133
+#define IDR_DSEGFONT                    134
diff --git a/build/version_num.h b/build/version_num.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0956889
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build/version_num.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define VERSION_MAJOR 1
+#define VERSION_MINOR 0
diff --git a/build_all.sh b/build_all.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4169d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build_all.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# set to EN-US for consistency
+LANG=en_us_8859_1
+
+# exit on error
+set -e
+CMD_CURR="";
+function trap_error_dbg {
+    CMD_LAST=${CMD_CURR}
+    CMD_CURR=$BASH_COMMAND
+}
+function trap_error_exit {
+    if (($? > 0))
+    then
+        echo "\"${CMD_LAST}\" resulted in exit code $?."
+    fi
+}
+trap trap_error_dbg DEBUG
+trap trap_error_exit EXIT
+
+# settings
+GIT_BRANCH=$(git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD 2> /dev/null || echo "none")
+GIT_HEAD=$(git rev-parse HEAD || echo "none")
+TOOLCHAIN_32="/usr/share/mingw/toolchain-i686-w64-mingw32.cmake"
+TOOLCHAIN_64="/usr/share/mingw/toolchain-x86_64-w64-mingw32.cmake"
+BUILDDIR_32_RELEASE="./cmake-build-release-32"
+BUILDDIR_32_DEBUG="./cmake-build-debug-32"
+BUILDDIR_64_RELEASE="./cmake-build-release-64"
+BUILDDIR_64_DEBUG="./cmake-build-debug-64"
+DEBUG=0
+OUTDIR="./bin/spice2x"
+
+# disabled UPX since it tends to falsely trigger malware detection
+UPX_ENABLE=0
+UPX_FLAGS="-q --best --lzma --compress-exports=0"
+
+CLEAN_BUILD=1
+INCLUDE_SRC=1
+DIST_ENABLE=1
+DIST_FOLDER="./dist"
+DIST_NAME="spice2x-$(date +%y)-$(date +%m)-$(date +%d).zip"
+DIST_COMMENT=${DIST_NAME}$'\n'"$GIT_BRANCH - $GIT_HEAD"$'\nThank you for playing.'
+TARGETS_32="spicetools_stubs_kbt spicetools_stubs_kld spicetools_cfg spicetools_spice"
+TARGETS_64="spicetools_stubs_kbt64 spicetools_stubs_kld64 spicetools_stubs_nvEncodeAPI64 spicetools_stubs_nvcuvid spicetools_stubs_nvcuda spicetools_spice64"
+
+# determine build type
+BUILD_TYPE="Release"
+BUILDDIR_32=${BUILDDIR_32_RELEASE}
+BUILDDIR_64=${BUILDDIR_64_RELEASE}
+if ((DEBUG > 0))
+then
+	BUILD_TYPE="Debug"
+	BUILDDIR_32=${BUILDDIR_32_DEBUG}
+	BUILDDIR_64=${BUILDDIR_64_DEBUG}
+	DIST_NAME=$(echo ${DIST_NAME} | sed 's/\.[^.]*$/-dbg&/')
+fi
+
+# determine number of cores
+CORES=$(awk '/^processor\t/ {cores[$NF]++} END {print length(cores)}' /proc/cpuinfo)
+
+# print information
+echo ""
+echo "SpiceTools Build-Script"
+echo "======================="
+echo "Host: $(uname -sro)"
+echo "Date: $(date)"
+echo "Git Branch: $GIT_BRANCH"
+echo "Git Head: $GIT_HEAD"
+echo "Toolchain for 32bit targets: $TOOLCHAIN_32"
+echo "Toolchain for 64bit targets: $TOOLCHAIN_64"
+echo "Distribution Name: $DIST_NAME"
+echo "Build Type: $BUILD_TYPE"
+echo "Cores: $CORES"
+echo ""
+
+# 32 bit
+echo "Building 32bit targets..."
+echo "========================="
+if ((CLEAN_BUILD > 0))
+then
+	rm -rf ${BUILDDIR_32}
+fi
+mkdir -p ${BUILDDIR_32}
+pushd ${BUILDDIR_32} > /dev/null
+cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${TOOLCHAIN_32} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE} $OLDPWD && make -j ${CORES} ${TARGETS_32}
+popd > /dev/null
+
+# 64 bit
+echo ""
+echo "Building 64bit targets..."
+echo "========================="
+if ((CLEAN_BUILD > 0))
+then
+	rm -rf ${BUILDDIR_64}
+fi
+mkdir -p ${BUILDDIR_64}
+pushd ${BUILDDIR_64} > /dev/null
+cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${TOOLCHAIN_64} -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE} $OLDPWD && make -j ${CORES} ${TARGETS_64}
+popd > /dev/null
+
+echo ""
+echo "Compilation process done :)"
+echo "==========================="
+
+# generate PDBs
+if false  # ((DEBUG > 0))
+then
+	echo "Generating PDBs..."
+
+	# start conversions in multiple processes if in target and binary newer than PDB
+	if [[ ${TARGETS_32} == *"spicetools_cfg"* ]] && \
+	        [[ ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg.exe -nt ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.exe ]]; then
+	    rm -f ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.exe ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.pdb
+	    (wine external/cv2pdb/cv2pdb.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.pdb \
+	        &> /dev/null && \
+	        touch --reference=${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg.exe ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.exe && \
+	        echo "Generation done for spicetools_cfg") &
+	fi
+	if [[ ${TARGETS_32} == *"spicetools_spice"* ]] && \
+	        [[ ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice.exe -nt ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.exe ]]; then
+	    rm -f ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.exe ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.pdb
+	    (wine external/cv2pdb/cv2pdb.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.pdb \
+	        &> /dev/null && \
+	        touch --reference=${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice.exe ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.exe && \
+	        echo "Generation done for spicetools_spice") &
+	fi
+	if [[ ${TARGETS_64} == *"spicetools_spice64"* ]] && \
+	        [[ ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64.exe -nt ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.exe ]]; then
+	    rm -f ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.exe ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.pdb
+	    (wine external/cv2pdb/cv2pdb.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.exe \
+	        ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.pdb \
+	        &> /dev/null && \
+	        touch --reference=${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64.exe ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.exe && \
+	        echo "Generation done for spicetools_spice64") &
+	fi
+
+	# wait until all processes are complete
+	wait
+fi
+
+# copy to output directory
+echo "Copy files to output directory..."
+rm -rf ${OUTDIR}
+mkdir -p ${OUTDIR}
+#mkdir -p ${OUTDIR}/stubs/32
+mkdir -p ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64
+if false # ((DEBUG > 0))
+then
+    # debug files
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.exe ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg-pdb.pdb ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.exe ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice-pdb.pdb ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/kbt.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/32 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/kld.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/32 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.exe ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64-pdb.pdb ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/kbt.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/kld.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/nvEncodeAPI64.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/nvcuda.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/nvcuvid.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+else
+    # release files
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/spicecfg.exe ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/spice.exe ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/kbt.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/32 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_32}/spicetools/32/kld.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/32 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/spice64.exe ${OUTDIR} 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/kbt.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    #cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/kld.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/nvEncodeAPI64.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/nvcuda.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+    cp ${BUILDDIR_64}/spicetools/64/nvcuvid.dll ${OUTDIR}/stubs/64 2>/dev/null
+fi
+
+# pack source files to output directory
+rm -rf ${OUTDIR}/src
+mkdir -p ${OUTDIR}/src
+if ((INCLUDE_SRC > 0))
+then
+	echo "Generating source file archive..."
+	git archive --format tar.gz --prefix=spice2x/ HEAD > ${OUTDIR}/src/spice2x-${GIT_BRANCH}.tar.gz 2>/dev/null || \
+		echo "WARNING: Couldn't get git to create the archive. Is this a git repository?"
+fi
+
+# copy resources
+rm -rf ${OUTDIR}/api
+mkdir ${OUTDIR}/api
+find ./api/resources/python -name "__pycache__" -exec rm -rf {} +
+cp -r ./api/resources/* ${OUTDIR}/api
+
+# build distribution archive
+if ((DIST_ENABLE > 0))
+then
+	echo "Building dist..."
+	mkdir -p ${DIST_FOLDER}
+	rm -rf ${DIST_FOLDER}/${DIST_NAME}
+	pushd ${OUTDIR}/.. > /dev/null
+	zip -qrXT9 $OLDPWD/${DIST_FOLDER}/${DIST_NAME} . -z <<< "$DIST_COMMENT"
+	popd > /dev/null
+fi
+
+# finish
+echo "All done!"
+exit 0
diff --git a/build_docker.bat b/build_docker.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d0d2a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build_docker.bat
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+docker build --pull external/docker -t spicetools/deps
+docker build . -t spicetools/spice --no-cache
+docker run --rm -it -v %cd%/dist:/src/dist -v %cd%/bin:/src/bin spicetools/spice
+@REM to generate PDBs, set DEBUG to 1 in build_all.sh, place cv2pdb in external\cv2pdb, and run below
+@REM external\cv2pdb\cv2pdb.exe bin\spice2x\spicecfg.exe bin\spice2x\spicecfg-pdb.exe bin\spice2x\spicecfg-pdb.pdb
+@REM external\cv2pdb\cv2pdb.exe bin\spice2x\spice.exe bin\spice2x\spice-pdb.exe bin\spice2x\spice-pdb.pdb
+@REM external\cv2pdb\cv2pdb.exe bin\spice2x\spice64.exe bin\spice2x\spice64-pdb.exe bin\spice2x\spice64-pdb.pdb
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/build_docker.sh b/build_docker.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d63f7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/build_docker.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=0
+
+docker build --pull $PWD/external/docker -t spicetools/deps --platform linux/x86_64
+docker build . -t spicetools/spice:latest --no-cache
+docker run --rm -it -v $PWD/dist:/src/dist -v $PWD/bin:/src/bin spicetools/spice
diff --git a/cfg/Win32D.rc b/cfg/Win32D.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ed201c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/Win32D.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "resource.h"
+
+#define APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+#define APSTUDIO_HIDDEN_SYMBOLS
+#include "windows.h"
+#undef APSTUDIO_HIDDEN_SYMBOLS
+#undef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+
+#if !defined(AFX_RESOURCE_DLL) || defined(AFX_TARG_ENU)
+LANGUAGE LANG_ENGLISH, SUBLANG_ENGLISH_US
+
+IDR_CHANGELOG RCDATA "../changelog.txt"
+IDR_LICENSES RCDATA "../licenses.txt"
+IDR_PATCHES RCDATA "../build/patches.json"
+IDR_README RCDATA "../readme.txt"
+IDR_DSEGFONT RCDATA "../external/dseg/DSEG14Classic-Italic.ttf"
+
+#endif
diff --git a/cfg/analog.cpp b/cfg/analog.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4e4d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/analog.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+#include "analog.h"
+
+#include <numeric>
+
+#include <math.h>
+
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+std::string Analog::getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager) {
+
+    // device must be existing
+    if (this->device_identifier.empty()) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    // get index string
+    auto index = this->getIndex();
+    std::string indexString = fmt::format("{:#x}", index);
+
+    // get device
+    auto device = manager->devices_get(this->device_identifier);
+    if (!device) {
+        return "Device missing (" + indexString + ")";
+    }
+
+    // return string based on device type
+    switch (device->type) {
+        case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+            const char *name;
+            switch (index) {
+                case rawinput::MOUSEPOS_X:
+                    name = "X";
+                    break;
+                case rawinput::MOUSEPOS_Y:
+                    name = "Y";
+                    break;
+                case rawinput::MOUSEPOS_WHEEL:
+                    name = "Scroll Wheel";
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    name = "?";
+                    break;
+            }
+            return fmt::format("{} ({})", name, device->desc);
+        }
+        case rawinput::HID: {
+            auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+            if (index < hid->value_caps_names.size()) {
+                return hid->value_caps_names[index] + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+            }
+            return "Invalid Axis (" + indexString + ")";
+        }
+        case rawinput::MIDI: {
+            auto midi = device->midiInfo;
+            if (index < midi->controls_precision.size()) {
+                return "MIDI PREC " + indexString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+            } else if (index < midi->controls_precision.size() + midi->controls_single.size()) {
+                return "MIDI CTRL " + indexString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+            } else if (index < midi->controls_precision.size() + midi->controls_single.size()
+                                                               + midi->controls_onoff.size())
+            {
+                return "MIDI ONOFF " + indexString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+            } else if (index == midi->controls_precision.size() + midi->controls_single.size()
+                                                                + midi->controls_onoff.size())
+            {
+                return "MIDI Pitch Bend (" + device->desc + ")";
+            } else {
+                return "MIDI Unknown " + indexString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+            }
+        }
+        case rawinput::DESTROYED:
+            return "Device unplugged (" + indexString + ")";
+        default:
+            return "Unknown Axis (" + indexString + ")";
+    }
+}
+
+float Analog::getSmoothedValue(float raw_rads) {
+    auto now = get_performance_milliseconds();
+
+    // prevent extremely frequent polling
+    if ((now - vector_history.at(vector_history_index).time_in_ms) < 0.9) {
+        return smoothed_last_state;
+    }
+
+    // calculate derived values for the newly-read analog value
+    vector_history_index = (vector_history_index + 1) % vector_history.size();
+    auto &current  = vector_history.at(vector_history_index);
+    current.time_in_ms = now;
+    current.sine = sin(raw_rads);
+    current.cosine = cos(raw_rads);
+
+    // calculated the weighted sum of sines and cosines
+    auto sines = 0.f;
+    auto cosines = 0.f;
+    for (auto &vector : vector_history) {
+        auto time_diff = now - vector.time_in_ms;
+        // time from QPC should never roll backwards, but just in case
+        if (time_diff < 0.f) {
+            time_diff = 0.f;
+        }
+
+        // the weight falls of linearly; value from 24ms ago counts as half, 48ms ago counts as 0
+        double weight = (-time_diff / 48.f) + 1.f;
+        if (weight > 0.f) {
+            sines += weight * vector.sine;
+            cosines += weight * vector.cosine;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add a tiny bit so that cosine is never 0.0f when fed to atan2
+    if (cosines == 0.f) {
+        cosines = std::nextafter(0.f, 1.f);
+    }
+
+    // average for angles:
+    // arctan[(sum of sines of all angles) / (sum of cosines of all angles)]
+    // atan2 will give [-pi, +pi], so normalize to make [0, 2pi]
+    smoothed_last_state = normalizeAngle(atan2(sines, cosines));
+    return smoothed_last_state;
+}
+
+float Analog::calculateAngularDifference(float old_rads, float new_rads) {
+    float delta = new_rads - old_rads;
+
+    // assumes value doesn't change more than PI (180 deg) compared to last poll
+    if (std::abs(delta) < M_PI) {
+        return delta;
+    } else {
+        // use the coterminal angle instead
+        if (delta < 0.f) {
+            return M_TAU + delta;
+        } else {
+            return -(M_TAU - delta);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+float Analog::applyAngularSensitivity(float raw_rads) {
+    float delta = calculateAngularDifference(previous_raw_rads, raw_rads);
+    previous_raw_rads = raw_rads;
+    adjusted_rads = normalizeAngle(adjusted_rads + (delta * sensitivity));
+    return adjusted_rads;
+}
+
+float Analog::normalizeAngle(float rads) {
+    // normalizes radian value into [0, 2pi] range.
+    // for small angles, this is MUCH faster than fmodf.
+    float angle = rads;
+    while (angle > M_TAU) {
+        angle -= M_TAU;
+    }
+    while (angle < 0.f) {
+        angle += M_TAU;
+    }
+    return angle;
+}
+
+float Analog::applyMultiplier(float value) {
+    if (1 < this->multiplier) {
+        // multiplier - just multiply the value and take the decimal part
+        return normalizeAnalogValue(value * this->multiplier);
+    } else if (this->multiplier < -1) {
+        const unsigned short number_of_divisions = -this->multiplier;
+        // divisor - need to take care of over/underflow
+        if (0.75f < this->divisor_previous_value && value < 0.25f) {
+            this->divisor_region = (this->divisor_region + 1) % number_of_divisions;
+        } else if (this->divisor_previous_value < 0.25f && 0.75f < value) {
+            if (1 <= this->divisor_region) {
+                this->divisor_region -= 1;
+            } else {
+                this->divisor_region = number_of_divisions - 1;
+            }
+        }
+        this->divisor_previous_value = value;
+        return ((float)this->divisor_region + value) / (float)number_of_divisions;
+    } else {
+        // multiplier in [-1, 1] range is just treated as 1
+        return value;
+    }
+}
+
+float Analog::normalizeAnalogValue(float value) {
+    // effectively the same as fmodf(value, 1.f)
+    // for small values, this is MUCH faster than fmodf.
+    float new_value = value;
+    while (new_value > 1.f) {
+        new_value -= 1.f;
+    }
+    while (new_value < 0.f) {
+        new_value += 1.f;
+    }
+    return new_value;
+}
+
+float Analog::applyDeadzone(float raw_value) {
+    float value = raw_value;
+    const auto deadzone = this->getDeadzone();
+    if (deadzone > 0) {
+
+        // calculate values
+        const auto delta = value - 0.5f;
+        const auto dtlen = 1.f - deadzone;
+
+        // check mirror
+        if (this->getDeadzoneMirror()) {
+
+            // deadzone on the edges
+            if (dtlen != 0.f) {
+                value = std::max(0.f, std::min(1.f, 0.5f + (delta / dtlen)));
+            } else {
+                value = 0.5f;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+
+            // deadzone around the middle
+            const auto limit = deadzone * 0.5f;
+            if (dtlen != 0.f) {
+                if (delta > limit) {
+                    value = std::min(1.f, 0.5f + std::max(0.f, (delta - limit) / dtlen));
+                } else if (delta < -limit) {
+                    value = std::max(0.f, 0.5f + std::min(0.f, (delta + limit) / dtlen));
+                } else {
+                    value = 0.5f;
+                }
+            } else {
+                value = 0.5f;
+            }
+        }
+
+    } else if (deadzone < 0) {
+
+        // invert for mirror
+        if (this->getDeadzoneMirror()) {
+            value = 1.f - value;
+        }
+
+        // deadzone from minimum value
+        if (deadzone > -1 && value > -deadzone) {
+            value = std::min(1.f, (value + deadzone) / (1.f + deadzone));
+        } else {
+            value = 0.f;
+        }
+
+        // revert value for mirror
+        if (this->getDeadzoneMirror()) {
+            value = 1.f - value;
+        }
+    }
+    return value;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cfg/analog.h b/cfg/analog.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f04e469
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/analog.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <string>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <queue>
+
+#define ANALOG_HISTORY_CNT 10
+#define M_TAU (2 * M_PI)
+#define M_1_TAU (0.5 * M_1_PI)
+
+namespace rawinput {
+    class RawInputManager;
+}
+
+struct AnalogMovingAverage {
+    double time_in_ms;
+    float sine;
+    float cosine;
+};
+
+class Analog {
+private:
+    std::string name;
+    std::string device_identifier = "";
+    unsigned short index = 0xFF;
+    float sensitivity = 1.f;
+    float deadzone = 0.f;
+    bool deadzone_mirror = false;
+    bool invert = false;
+    float last_state = 0.5f;
+    bool sensitivity_set = false;
+    bool deadzone_set = false;
+    
+    // smoothing function
+    bool smoothing = false;
+    std::array<AnalogMovingAverage, ANALOG_HISTORY_CNT> vector_history;
+    int vector_history_index = 0;
+    float smoothed_last_state = 0.f;
+
+    // angular scaling for sensitivity
+    float previous_raw_rads = 0.f;
+    float adjusted_rads = 0.f;
+
+    // multiplier/divisor
+    int multiplier = 1; 
+    float divisor_previous_value = 0.5f;
+    unsigned short divisor_region = 0;
+
+    // relative input mode
+    float absolute_value_for_rel_mode = 0.5f;
+    bool relative_mode = false;
+
+    // circular buffer (delayed input)
+    int delay_buffer_depth = 0;
+    std::queue<float> delay_buffer;
+
+    float calculateAngularDifference(float old_rads, float new_rads);
+    float normalizeAngle(float rads);
+    float normalizeAnalogValue(float value);
+
+public:
+
+    // overrides
+    bool override_enabled = false;
+    float override_state = 0.5f;
+
+    explicit Analog(std::string name) : name(std::move(name)) {
+        vector_history.fill({0.0, 0.f, 0.f});
+    };
+
+    std::string getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager* manager);
+    float getSmoothedValue(float raw_rads);
+    float applyAngularSensitivity(float raw_rads);
+    float applyMultiplier(float raw_value);
+    float applyDeadzone(float raw_value);
+
+    inline bool isSet() {
+        if (this->override_enabled) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return this->index != 0xFF;
+    }
+
+    inline void clearBindings() {
+        device_identifier = "";
+        index = 0xFF;
+        setSensitivity(1.f);
+        setDeadzone(0.f);
+        invert = false;
+        smoothing = false;
+        setMultiplier(1);
+        setRelativeMode(false);
+        setDelayBufferDepth(0);
+    }
+
+    inline const std::string &getName() const {
+        return this->name;
+    }
+
+    inline const std::string &getDeviceIdentifier() const {
+        return this->device_identifier;
+    }
+
+    inline void setDeviceIdentifier(std::string device_identifier) {
+        this->device_identifier = std::move(device_identifier);
+    }
+
+    inline unsigned short getIndex() const {
+        return this->index;
+    }
+
+    inline void setIndex(unsigned short index) {
+        this->index = index;
+    }
+
+    inline float getSensitivity() const {
+        return this->sensitivity;
+    }
+
+    inline float getDeadzone() const {
+        return this->deadzone;
+    }
+
+    inline void setSensitivity(float sensitivity) {
+        this->sensitivity = sensitivity;
+        this->sensitivity_set = (sensitivity < 0.99f || 1.01f < sensitivity);
+    }
+
+    inline void setDeadzone(float deadzone) {
+        this->deadzone = std::max(-1.f, std::min(1.f, deadzone));
+        this->deadzone_set = fabsf(deadzone) > 0.01f;
+    }
+
+    inline bool isSensitivitySet() {
+        return this->sensitivity_set;
+    }
+
+    inline bool isDeadzoneSet() {
+        return this->deadzone_set;
+    }
+
+    inline bool getDeadzoneMirror() const {
+        return this->deadzone_mirror;
+    }
+
+    inline void setDeadzoneMirror(bool deadzone_mirror) {
+        this->deadzone_mirror = deadzone_mirror;
+    }
+
+    inline bool getInvert() const {
+        return this->invert;
+    }
+
+    inline void setInvert(bool invert) {
+        this->invert = invert;
+    }
+
+    inline bool getSmoothing() const {
+        return this->smoothing;
+    }
+
+    inline void setSmoothing(bool smoothing) {
+        this->smoothing = smoothing;
+    }
+
+    inline int getMultiplier() const {
+        return this->multiplier;
+    }
+
+    inline void setMultiplier(int multiplier) {
+        this->multiplier = multiplier;
+        this->divisor_region = 0;
+        this->divisor_previous_value = 0.5f;
+    }
+
+    inline float getLastState() const {
+        return this->last_state;
+    }
+
+    inline void setLastState(float last_state) {
+        this->last_state = last_state;
+    }
+
+    inline bool isRelativeMode() const {
+        return this->relative_mode;
+    }
+
+    inline void setRelativeMode(bool relative_mode) {
+        this->relative_mode = relative_mode;
+        this->absolute_value_for_rel_mode = 0.5f;
+    }
+
+    inline float getAbsoluteValue(float relative_delta) {
+        this->absolute_value_for_rel_mode =
+            normalizeAnalogValue(this->absolute_value_for_rel_mode + relative_delta);
+        return this->absolute_value_for_rel_mode;
+    }
+
+    inline int getDelayBufferDepth() const {
+        return this->delay_buffer_depth;
+    }
+
+    inline void setDelayBufferDepth(int depth) {
+        this->delay_buffer_depth = depth;
+    }
+
+    inline std::queue<float> &getDelayBuffer() {
+        return this->delay_buffer;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/cfg/api.cpp b/cfg/api.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae8da73
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/api.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,926 @@
+#include "api.h"
+
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "rawinput/piuio.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "config.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+std::vector<Button> GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons(const std::string &game_name) {
+    return Config::getInstance().getButtons(game_name);
+}
+
+std::vector<Button> GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons(Game *game) {
+    return Config::getInstance().getButtons(game);
+}
+
+std::vector<Button> GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+        const std::vector<Button> &buttons,
+        const std::vector<std::string> &button_names,
+        const std::vector<unsigned short> *vkey_defaults)
+{
+    std::vector<Button> sorted;
+
+    bool button_found;
+    int index = 0;
+    for (auto &name : button_names) {
+        button_found = false;
+
+        for (auto &bt : buttons) {
+            if (name == bt.getName()) {
+                button_found = true;
+                sorted.push_back(bt);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!button_found) {
+            auto &button = sorted.emplace_back(name);
+
+            if (vkey_defaults) {
+                button.setVKey(vkey_defaults->at(index));
+            }
+        }
+
+        ++index;
+    }
+
+    return sorted;
+}
+
+GameAPI::Buttons::State GameAPI::Buttons::getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &_button, bool check_alts) {
+
+    // check override
+    if (_button.override_enabled) {
+        return _button.override_state;
+    }
+
+    // for iterating button alternatives
+    auto current_button = &_button;
+    auto alternatives = check_alts ? &current_button->getAlternatives() : nullptr;
+    unsigned int button_count = 0;
+    while (true) {
+
+        // naive behavior
+        if (current_button->isNaive()) {
+
+            // read
+            auto vkey = current_button->getVKey();
+            GameAPI::Buttons::State state;
+            if (vkey == 0xFF) {
+                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+            } else {
+                state = (GetAsyncKeyState(current_button->getVKey()) & 0x8000) ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+            }
+
+            // invert
+            if (current_button->getInvert()) {
+                if (state == BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+                    state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                } else {
+                    state = BUTTON_PRESSED;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // return state
+            if (state != BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+                return state;
+            }
+
+            // get next button
+            button_count++;
+            if (!alternatives || alternatives->empty() || button_count - 1 >= alternatives->size()) {
+                return BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+            } else {
+                current_button = &alternatives->at(button_count - 1);
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get device
+        auto &devid = current_button->getDeviceIdentifier();
+        auto device = manager->devices_get(devid, false); // TODO: fix to update only
+
+        // get state if device was marked as updated
+        GameAPI::Buttons::State state = current_button->getLastState();
+        double *last_up = nullptr;
+        double *last_down = nullptr;
+        if (device) {
+
+            // lock device
+            device->mutex->lock();
+
+            // get vkey
+            auto vKey = current_button->getVKey();
+
+            // update state based on device type
+            switch (device->type) {
+                case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+                    if (vKey < sizeof(device->mouseInfo->key_states)) {
+                        auto mouse = device->mouseInfo;
+                        state = mouse->key_states[vKey] ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                        last_up = &mouse->key_up[vKey];
+                        last_down = &mouse->key_down[vKey];
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case rawinput::KEYBOARD: {
+                    if (vKey < sizeof(device->keyboardInfo->key_states)) {
+                        auto kb = device->keyboardInfo;
+                        state = kb->key_states[vKey] ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                        last_up = &kb->key_up[vKey];
+                        last_down = &kb->key_down[vKey];
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case rawinput::HID: {
+                    auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+                    auto bat = current_button->getAnalogType();
+                    switch (bat) {
+                        case BAT_NONE: {
+                            auto button_states_it = hid->button_states.begin();
+                            auto button_up_it = hid->button_up.begin();
+                            auto button_down_it = hid->button_down.begin();
+                            while (button_states_it != hid->button_states.end()) {
+                                auto size = button_states_it->size();
+                                if (vKey < size) {
+                                    state = (*button_states_it)[vKey] ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                                    last_up = &(*button_up_it)[vKey];
+                                    last_down = &(*button_down_it)[vKey];
+                                    break;
+                                } else {
+                                    vKey -= size;
+                                    ++button_states_it;
+                                    ++button_up_it;
+                                    ++button_down_it;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case BAT_NEGATIVE:
+                        case BAT_POSITIVE: {
+                            auto value_states = &hid->value_states;
+                            if (vKey < value_states->size()) {
+                                auto value = value_states->at(vKey);
+                                if (current_button->getAnalogType() == BAT_POSITIVE) {
+                                    state = value > 0.6f ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                                } else {
+                                    state = value < 0.4f ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case BAT_HS_UP:
+                        case BAT_HS_UPRIGHT:
+                        case BAT_HS_RIGHT:
+                        case BAT_HS_DOWNRIGHT:
+                        case BAT_HS_DOWN:
+                        case BAT_HS_DOWNLEFT:
+                        case BAT_HS_LEFT:
+                        case BAT_HS_UPLEFT:
+                        case BAT_HS_NEUTRAL: {
+                            auto &value_states = hid->value_states;
+                            if (vKey < value_states.size()) {
+                                auto value = value_states.at(vKey);
+
+                                // get hat switch values
+                                ButtonAnalogType buffer[3];
+                                Button::getHatSwitchValues(value, buffer);
+
+                                // check if one of the values match our analog type
+                                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                                for (ButtonAnalogType &buffer_bat : buffer) {
+                                    if (buffer_bat == bat) {
+                                        state = BUTTON_PRESSED;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                            } else
+                                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        default:
+                            state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case rawinput::MIDI: {
+                    auto bat = current_button->getAnalogType();
+                    auto midi = device->midiInfo;
+                    switch (bat) {
+                        case BAT_NONE: {
+                            if (vKey < 16 * 128) {
+
+                                // check for event
+                                auto midi_event = midi->states_events[vKey];
+                                if (midi_event) {
+
+                                    // choose state based on event
+                                    state = (midi_event % 2) ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+
+                                    // update event
+                                    if (!midi->states[vKey] || midi_event > 1)
+                                        midi->states_events[vKey]--;
+
+                                } else
+                                    state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case BAT_MIDI_CTRL_PRECISION: {
+                            if (vKey < 16 * 32)
+                                state = midi->controls_precision[vKey] > 0 ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            else
+                                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case BAT_MIDI_CTRL_SINGLE: {
+                            if (vKey < 16 * 44)
+                                state = midi->controls_single[vKey] > 0 ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            else
+                                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case BAT_MIDI_CTRL_ONOFF: {
+                            if (vKey < 16 * 6)
+                                state = midi->controls_onoff[vKey] ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            else
+                                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case BAT_MIDI_PITCH_DOWN:
+                            state = midi->pitch_bend < 0x2000 ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                        case BAT_MIDI_PITCH_UP:
+                            state = midi->pitch_bend > 0x2000 ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                        default: {
+                            state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE: {
+                    state = device->piuioDev->IsPressed(vKey) ? BUTTON_PRESSED : BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                }
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // unlock device
+            device->mutex->unlock();
+        }
+
+        // debounce
+        if (state == BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED) {
+            if (last_up) {
+                auto debounce_up = current_button->getDebounceUp();
+                if (debounce_up > 0.0 && get_performance_seconds() - *last_up < debounce_up) {
+                    state = BUTTON_PRESSED;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (last_down) {
+                auto debounce_down = current_button->getDebounceDown();
+                if (debounce_down > 0.0 && get_performance_seconds() - *last_down < debounce_down) {
+                    state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // set last state
+        current_button->setLastState(state);
+
+        // invert
+        if (current_button->getInvert()) {
+            if (state == BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+                state = BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+            } else {
+                state = BUTTON_PRESSED;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // early quit
+        if (state == BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+            return state;
+        }
+
+        // get next button
+        button_count++;
+        if (!alternatives || alternatives->empty() || button_count - 1 >= alternatives->size()) {
+            return BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+        } else {
+            current_button = &alternatives->at(button_count - 1);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Buttons::State Buttons::getState(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Button &button, bool check_alts) {
+    if (manager) {
+        return getState(manager.get(), button, check_alts);
+    } else {
+        return button.getLastState();
+    }
+}
+
+static float getVelocityHelper(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &button) {
+
+    // check override
+    if (button.override_enabled) {
+        return button.override_velocity;
+    }
+
+    // naive behavior
+    if (button.isNaive()) {
+        if (button.getInvert()) {
+            return (GetAsyncKeyState(button.getVKey()) & 0x8000) ? 0.f : 1.f;
+        } else {
+            return (GetAsyncKeyState(button.getVKey()) & 0x8000) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // get button state
+    Buttons::State button_state = Buttons::getState(manager, button, false);
+
+    // check if button isn't being pressed
+    if (button_state != Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+        return 0.f;
+    }
+
+    // get device
+    auto &devid = button.getDeviceIdentifier();
+    auto device = manager->devices_get(devid, false);
+
+    // return last velocity if device wasn't found
+    if (!device) {
+        return button.getLastVelocity();
+    }
+
+    // prepare
+    float velocity = 1.f;
+    auto vKey = button.getVKey();
+
+    // lock device
+    device->mutex->lock();
+
+    // determine velocity based on device type
+    switch (device->type) {
+        case rawinput::MIDI: {
+
+            // read control
+            if (vKey < 16 * 128) {
+                velocity = (float) device->midiInfo->velocity[vKey] / 127.f;
+            } else {
+                velocity = 0.f;
+            }
+
+            // invert
+            if (button.getInvert()) {
+                velocity = 1.f - velocity;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // unlock device
+    device->mutex->unlock();
+
+    // set last velocity
+    button.setLastVelocity(velocity);
+
+    // return determined velocity
+    return velocity;
+}
+
+float GameAPI::Buttons::getVelocity(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &button) {
+
+    // get button velocity
+    auto velocity = getVelocityHelper(manager, button);
+
+    // check alternatives
+    for (auto &alternative : button.getAlternatives()) {
+        auto alt_velocity = getVelocityHelper(manager, alternative);
+        if (alt_velocity > velocity) {
+            velocity = alt_velocity;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return highest velocity detected
+    return velocity;
+}
+
+float Buttons::getVelocity(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Button &button) {
+    if (manager) {
+        return getVelocity(manager.get(), button);
+    } else {
+        return button.getLastVelocity();
+    }
+}
+
+float GameAPI::Analogs::getState(rawinput::Device *device, Analog &analog) {
+    float value = 0.5f;
+    if (!device) {
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    auto index = analog.getIndex();
+    auto inverted = analog.getInvert();
+    device->mutex->lock();
+
+    // get value from device
+    switch (device->type) {
+        case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+
+            // get mouse position
+            auto mouse = device->mouseInfo;
+            long pos;
+            switch (index) {
+                case rawinput::MOUSEPOS_X:
+                    pos = mouse->pos_x;
+                    break;
+                case rawinput::MOUSEPOS_Y:
+                    pos = mouse->pos_y;
+                    break;
+                case rawinput::MOUSEPOS_WHEEL:
+                    pos = mouse->pos_wheel;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    pos = 0;
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // apply sensitivity
+            auto val = (int) roundf(pos * analog.getSensitivity());
+            if (val < 0) {
+                inverted = !inverted;
+            }
+
+            // modulo & normalize to [0.0, 1.0]
+            if (index != rawinput::MOUSEPOS_WHEEL) {
+                val = std::abs(val) % 257;
+                value = val / 256.f;
+            } else {
+                val = std::abs(val) % 65;
+                value = val / 64.f;
+            }
+
+            // invert
+            if (inverted) {
+                value = 1.f - value;
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case rawinput::HID: {
+
+            // get value
+            if (inverted) {
+                value = 1.f - device->hidInfo->value_states[index];
+            } else {
+                value = device->hidInfo->value_states[index];
+            }
+
+            // deadzone
+            if (analog.isDeadzoneSet()) {
+                value = analog.applyDeadzone(value);
+            }
+
+            if (analog.isRelativeMode()) {
+                float relative_delta = value - 0.5f;
+                // built-in scaling to make values reasonable
+                relative_delta /= 80.f;
+
+                // integer multiplier/divisor
+                const auto mult = analog.getMultiplier();
+                if (mult < -1) {
+                    relative_delta /= -mult;
+                } else if (1 < mult) {
+                    relative_delta *= mult;
+                }
+
+                // sensitivity (ranges from 0.0 to 4.0)
+                if (analog.isSensitivitySet()) {
+                    relative_delta *= analog.getSensitivity();
+                }
+
+                // translate relative movement to absolute value
+                value = analog.getAbsoluteValue(relative_delta);
+
+            } else {
+                // integer multiplier
+                value = analog.applyMultiplier(value);
+
+                // smoothing/sensitivity
+                if (analog.getSmoothing() || analog.isSensitivitySet()) {
+                    float rads = value * (float) M_TAU;
+
+                    // smoothing
+                    if (analog.getSmoothing()) {
+
+                        // preserve direction
+                        if (rads >= M_TAU) {
+                            rads -= 0.0001f;
+                        }
+
+                        // calculate angle
+                        rads = analog.getSmoothedValue(rads);
+                    }
+
+                    // sensitivity
+                    if (analog.isSensitivitySet()) {
+                        rads = analog.applyAngularSensitivity(rads);
+                    }
+
+                    // apply to value
+                    value = rads * (float) M_1_TAU;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // delay
+            if (0 < analog.getDelayBufferDepth()) {
+                auto& queue = analog.getDelayBuffer();
+
+                // ensure the queue isn't too long; drop old values
+                while (analog.getDelayBufferDepth() <= (int)queue.size()) {
+                    queue.pop();
+                }
+
+                // always push new value
+                queue.push(value);
+
+                // get a new value to return
+                if ((int)queue.size() < analog.getDelayBufferDepth()) {
+                    // not enough in the queue, stall for now, shouldn't happen often
+                    value = analog.getLastState();
+                } else {
+                    value = queue.front();
+                    queue.pop();
+                }
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case rawinput::MIDI: {
+
+            // get sizes
+            auto midi = device->midiInfo;
+            auto prec_count = (int) midi->controls_precision.size();
+            auto single_count = (int) midi->controls_single.size();
+            auto onoff_count = (int) midi->controls_onoff.size();
+
+            // decide on value
+            if (index < prec_count)
+                value = midi->controls_precision[index] / 16383.f;
+            else if (index < prec_count + single_count)
+                value = midi->controls_single[index - prec_count] / 127.f;
+            else if (index < prec_count + single_count + onoff_count)
+                value = midi->controls_onoff[index - prec_count - single_count] ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            else if (index == prec_count + single_count + onoff_count)
+                value = midi->pitch_bend / 16383.f;
+
+            // invert value
+            if (inverted) {
+                value = 1.f - value;
+            }
+
+            // deadzone
+            if (analog.isDeadzoneSet()) {
+                value = analog.applyDeadzone(value);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    device->mutex->unlock();
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs(const std::string &game_name) {
+    return Config::getInstance().getAnalogs(game_name);
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+        const std::vector<Analog> &analogs,
+        const std::vector<std::string> &analog_names)
+{
+    std::vector<Analog> sorted;
+
+    bool analog_found;
+    for (auto &name : analog_names) {
+        analog_found = false;
+
+        for (auto &analog : analogs) {
+            if (name == analog.getName()) {
+                analog_found = true;
+                sorted.push_back(analog);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!analog_found) {
+            sorted.emplace_back(name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sorted;
+}
+
+float GameAPI::Analogs::getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Analog &analog) {
+
+    // check override
+    if (analog.override_enabled) {
+        return analog.override_state;
+    }
+
+    // get device
+    auto &devid = analog.getDeviceIdentifier();
+    auto device = manager->devices_get(devid, false); // TODO: fix to update only
+
+    // return last state if device wasn't updated
+    if (!device) {
+        return analog.getLastState();
+    }
+
+    float state = getState(device, analog);
+    analog.setLastState(state);
+
+    return state;
+}
+
+float Analogs::getState(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Analog &analog) {
+    if (manager) {
+        return getState(manager.get(), analog);
+    } else {
+        return analog.getLastState();
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> GameAPI::Lights::getLights(const std::string &game_name) {
+    return Config::getInstance().getLights(game_name);
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+        const std::vector<Light> &lights,
+        const std::vector<std::string> &light_names)
+{
+    std::vector<Light> sorted;
+
+    bool light_found;
+    for (auto &name : light_names) {
+        light_found = false;
+
+        for (auto &light : lights) {
+            if (name == light.getName()) {
+                light_found = true;
+                sorted.push_back(light);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!light_found) {
+            sorted.emplace_back(name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return sorted;
+}
+
+void GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(rawinput::Device *device, int index, float value) {
+
+    // check device
+    if (!device) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // clamp to range [0,1]
+    value = CLAMP(value, 0.f, 1.f);
+
+    // lock device
+    device->mutex->lock();
+
+    // enable output
+    device->output_enabled = true;
+
+    // check type
+    switch (device->type) {
+        case rawinput::HID: {
+            auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+
+            // find in buttons
+            bool button_found = false;
+            for (auto &button_states : hid->button_output_states) {
+                if ((size_t) index < button_states.size()) {
+                    auto new_state = value > 0.5f;
+                    if (button_states[index] != new_state) {
+                        button_states[index] = new_state;
+                        device->output_pending = true;
+                    }
+                    button_found = true;
+                    break;
+                } else
+                    index -= button_states.size();
+            }
+
+            // find in values
+            if (!button_found) {
+                auto &value_states = hid->value_output_states;
+                if ((size_t) index < value_states.size()) {
+                    auto cur_state = &value_states[index];
+                    if (*cur_state != value) {
+                        *cur_state = value;
+                        device->output_pending = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case rawinput::SEXTET_OUTPUT: {
+            if (index < rawinput::SextetDevice::LIGHT_COUNT) {
+                device->sextetInfo->light_state[index] = value > 0;
+                device->sextetInfo->push_light_state();
+                device->output_pending = true;
+            } else {
+                log_warning("api", "invalid sextet light index: {}", index);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE: {
+            if (index < rawinput::PIUIO::PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_LIGHTS) {
+                device->piuioDev->SetLight(index, value > 0);
+                device->output_pending = true;
+            } else {
+                log_warning("api", "invalid piuio light index: {}", index);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case rawinput::SMX_STAGE: {
+            if (index < rawinput::SmxStageDevice::TOTAL_LIGHT_COUNT) {
+                device->smxstageInfo->SetLightByIndex(index, static_cast<uint8_t>(value*255.f));
+                device->output_pending = true;
+            } else {
+                log_warning("api", "invalid smx stage light index: {}", index);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // unlock device
+    device->mutex->unlock();
+}
+
+void GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Light &light, float value) {
+
+    // clamp to range [0,1]
+    value = CLAMP(value, 0.f, 1.f);
+
+    // write to last state
+    light.last_state = value;
+
+    // get device
+    auto &devid = light.getDeviceIdentifier();
+    auto device = manager->devices_get(devid, false);
+
+    // check device
+    if (device) {
+
+        // write state
+        if (light.override_enabled) {
+            writeLight(device, light.getIndex(), light.override_state);
+        } else {
+            writeLight(device, light.getIndex(), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // alternatives
+    for (auto &alternative : light.getAlternatives()) {
+        if (light.override_enabled) {
+            alternative.override_enabled = true;
+            alternative.override_state = light.override_state;
+            writeLight(manager, alternative, light.override_state);
+        } else {
+            alternative.override_enabled = false;
+            writeLight(manager, alternative, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Lights::writeLight(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Light &light, float value) {
+    if (manager) {
+        writeLight(manager.get(), light, value);
+    }
+}
+
+float GameAPI::Lights::readLight(rawinput::Device *device, int index) {
+    float ret = 0.f;
+
+    // lock device
+    device->mutex->lock();
+
+    // check type
+    switch (device->type) {
+        case rawinput::HID: {
+            auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+
+            // find in buttons
+            bool button_found = false;
+            for (auto &button_states : hid->button_output_states) {
+                if ((size_t) index < button_states.size()) {
+                    ret = button_states[index] ? 1.f : 0.f;
+                    button_found = true;
+                    break;
+                } else
+                    index -= button_states.size();
+            }
+
+            // find in values
+            if (!button_found) {
+                auto value_states = &hid->value_output_states;
+                if ((size_t) index < value_states->size()) {
+                    ret = (*value_states)[index];
+                }
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // unlock device
+    device->mutex->unlock();
+
+    // return result
+    return ret;
+}
+
+float GameAPI::Lights::readLight(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Light &light) {
+
+    // check override
+    if (light.override_enabled) {
+        return light.override_state;
+    }
+
+    // just return last state since that reflects the last value being written
+    return light.last_state;
+}
+
+float Lights::readLight(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Light &light) {
+    if (manager) {
+        return readLight(manager.get(), light);
+    } else {
+
+        // check override
+        if (light.override_enabled) {
+            return light.override_state;
+        }
+
+        // just return last state since that reflects the last value being written
+        return light.last_state;
+    }
+}
+
+std::vector<Option> GameAPI::Options::getOptions(const std::string &gameName) {
+    return Config::getInstance().getOptions(gameName);
+}
+
+void GameAPI::Options::sortOptions(std::vector<Option> &options, const std::vector<OptionDefinition> &definitions) {
+    std::vector<Option> sorted;
+    bool option_found;
+
+    for (const auto &definition : definitions) {
+        option_found = false;
+
+        for (auto &option : options) {
+            if (definition.name == option.get_definition().name) {
+                option_found = true;
+
+                auto &new_option = sorted.emplace_back(option);
+                new_option.set_definition(definition);
+
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!option_found) {
+            sorted.emplace_back(definition);
+        }
+    }
+
+    options = std::move(sorted);
+}
diff --git a/cfg/api.h b/cfg/api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1693870
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "option.h"
+
+namespace rawinput {
+    class RawInputManager;
+    struct Device;
+}
+
+class Button;
+class Analog;
+class Light;
+class Game;
+class Option;
+
+namespace GameAPI {
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum State {
+            BUTTON_PRESSED = true,
+            BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED = false
+        };
+
+        /**
+         * Parses the config and returns the buttons set by the user.
+         *
+         * @param a std::string containing the game name OR a pointer to a Game
+         * @return a vector pointer containing pointers of Button's set by the user
+         */
+        std::vector<Button> getButtons(const std::string &game_name);
+        std::vector<Button> getButtons(Game *);
+
+        /**
+         * Sorts Buttons by their name
+         *
+         * @param a pointer to a vector pointer of Button pointers that will be sorted by the order of a vector pointer of strings
+         *        OR a parameter pack of std::string... can be used.
+         * @return void
+         */
+        std::vector<Button> sortButtons(
+                const std::vector<Button> &buttons,
+                const std::vector<std::string> &button_names,
+                const std::vector<unsigned short> *vkey_defaults = nullptr);
+
+        template<typename T>
+        void sortButtons(std::vector<Button> *buttons, T t) {
+            const std::vector<std::string> names { t };
+
+            if (buttons) {
+                *buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(*buttons, names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... Rest>
+        void sortButtons(std::vector<Button> *buttons, T t, Rest... rest) {
+            const std::vector<std::string> names { t, rest... };
+
+            if (buttons) {
+                *buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(*buttons, names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the state of whether a button is pressed or not.
+         * Highly recommended to use either of these two functions than the other two below them.
+         *
+         * @return either a GameAPI::Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED or a Game::API::Buttons::State::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED
+         */
+        State getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &button, bool check_alts = true);
+        State getState(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Button &button, bool check_alts = true);
+
+        /**
+         * Returns the current velocity of a button.
+         * When not pressed, the returned velocity is 0.
+         * When pressed, the velocity can be anywhere in the range [0, 1]
+         * @return velocity in the range [0, 1]
+         */
+        float getVelocity(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Button &button);
+        float getVelocity(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Button &button);
+    }
+
+    namespace Analogs {
+        std::vector<Analog> getAnalogs(const std::string &game_name);
+
+        std::vector<Analog> sortAnalogs(
+                const std::vector<Analog> &analogs,
+                const std::vector<std::string> &analog_names);
+
+        template<typename T>
+        void sortAnalogs(std::vector<Analog> *analogs, T t) {
+            const std::vector<std::string> analog_names { t };
+
+            if (analogs) {
+                *analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(*analogs, analog_names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... Rest>
+        void sortAnalogs(std::vector<Analog> *analogs, T t, Rest... rest) {
+            const std::vector<std::string> analog_names { t, rest... };
+
+            if (analogs) {
+                *analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(*analogs, analog_names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        float getState(rawinput::Device *device, Analog &analog);
+        float getState(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Analog &analog);
+        float getState(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Analog &analog);
+    }
+
+    namespace Lights {
+        std::vector<Light> getLights(const std::string &game_name);
+
+        std::vector<Light> sortLights(
+                const std::vector<Light> &lights,
+                const std::vector<std::string> &light_names);
+
+        template<typename T>
+        void sortLights(std::vector<Light> *lights, T t) {
+            const std::vector<std::string> light_names { t };
+
+            if (lights) {
+                *lights = GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(*lights, light_names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        template<typename T, typename... Rest>
+        void sortLights(std::vector<Light> *lights, T t, Rest... rest) {
+            const std::vector<std::string> light_names { t, rest... };
+
+            if (lights) {
+                *lights = GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(*lights, light_names);
+            }
+        }
+
+        void writeLight(rawinput::Device *device, int index, float value);
+        void writeLight(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Light &light, float value);
+        void writeLight(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Light &light, float value);
+
+        float readLight(rawinput::Device *device, int index);
+        float readLight(rawinput::RawInputManager *manager, Light &light);
+        float readLight(std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> &manager, Light &light);
+    }
+
+    namespace Options {
+        std::vector<Option> getOptions(const std::string &game_name);
+
+        void sortOptions(std::vector<Option> &, const std::vector<OptionDefinition> &);
+    }
+}
+
+#include "button.h"
+#include "analog.h"
+#include "light.h"
diff --git a/cfg/button.cpp b/cfg/button.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ac575b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/button.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+#include "button.h"
+
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+const char *ButtonAnalogTypeStr[] = {
+        "None",
+        "Positive",
+        "Negative",
+        "Hat Up",
+        "Hat Upright",
+        "Hat Right",
+        "Hat Downright",
+        "Hat Down",
+        "Hat Downleft",
+        "Hat Left",
+        "Hat Upleft",
+        "Hat Neutral",
+        "MIDI Control Precision",
+        "MIDI Control Single",
+        "MIDI Control On/Off",
+        "MIDI Pitch Down",
+        "MIDI Pitch Up",
+};
+
+std::string Button::getVKeyString() {
+    switch (this->getVKey() % 256) {
+        case 0x01:
+            return "Left MB";
+        case 0x02:
+            return "Right MB";
+        case 0x04:
+            return "Middle MB";
+        case 0x05:
+            return "X1 MB";
+        case 0x06:
+            return "X2 MB";
+        case 0x08:
+            return "Backspace";
+        case 0x09:
+            return "Tab";
+        case 0x0C:
+            return "Clear";
+        case 0x0D:
+            return "Enter";
+        case 0x10:
+            return "Shift";
+        case 0x11:
+            return "Ctrl";
+        case 0x12:
+            if (this->getVKey() > 255)
+                return "AltGr";
+            else
+                return "Alt";
+        case 0x13:
+            return "Pause";
+        case 0x14:
+            return "Caps Lock";
+        case 0x1B:
+            return "Escape";
+        case 0x20:
+            return "Space";
+        case 0x21:
+            return "Page Up";
+        case 0x22:
+            return "Page Down";
+        case 0x23:
+            return "End";
+        case 0x24:
+            return "Home";
+        case 0x25:
+            return "Left";
+        case 0x26:
+            return "Up";
+        case 0x27:
+            return "Right";
+        case 0x28:
+            return "Down";
+        case 0x2C:
+            return "Prt Scr";
+        case 0x2D:
+            return "Insert";
+        case 0x2E:
+            return "Delete";
+        case 0x30:
+            return "0";
+        case 0x31:
+            return "1";
+        case 0x32:
+            return "2";
+        case 0x33:
+            return "3";
+        case 0x34:
+            return "4";
+        case 0x35:
+            return "5";
+        case 0x36:
+            return "6";
+        case 0x37:
+            return "7";
+        case 0x38:
+            return "8";
+        case 0x39:
+            return "9";
+        case 0x41:
+            return "A";
+        case 0x42:
+            return "B";
+        case 0x43:
+            return "C";
+        case 0x44:
+            return "D";
+        case 0x45:
+            return "E";
+        case 0x46:
+            return "F";
+        case 0x47:
+            return "G";
+        case 0x48:
+            return "H";
+        case 0x49:
+            return "I";
+        case 0x4A:
+            return "J";
+        case 0x4B:
+            return "K";
+        case 0x4C:
+            return "L";
+        case 0x4D:
+            return "M";
+        case 0x4E:
+            return "N";
+        case 0x4F:
+            return "O";
+        case 0x50:
+            return "P";
+        case 0x51:
+            return "Q";
+        case 0x52:
+            return "R";
+        case 0x53:
+            return "S";
+        case 0x54:
+            return "T";
+        case 0x55:
+            return "U";
+        case 0x56:
+            return "V";
+        case 0x57:
+            return "W";
+        case 0x58:
+            return "X";
+        case 0x59:
+            return "Y";
+        case 0x5A:
+            return "Z";
+        case 0x5B:
+            return "Left Windows";
+        case 0x5C:
+            return "Right Windows";
+        case 0x5D:
+            return "Apps";
+        case 0x60:
+            return "Num 0";
+        case 0x61:
+            return "Num 1";
+        case 0x62:
+            return "Num 2";
+        case 0x63:
+            return "Num 3";
+        case 0x64:
+            return "Num 4";
+        case 0x65:
+            return "Num 5";
+        case 0x66:
+            return "Num 6";
+        case 0x67:
+            return "Num 7";
+        case 0x68:
+            return "Num 8";
+        case 0x69:
+            return "Num 9";
+        case 0x6A:
+            return "*";
+        case 0x6B:
+            return "+";
+        case 0x6C:
+            return "Seperator";
+        case 0x6D:
+            return "-";
+        case 0x6E:
+            return ".";
+        case 0x6F:
+            return "/";
+        case 0x70:
+            return "F1";
+        case 0x71:
+            return "F2";
+        case 0x72:
+            return "F3";
+        case 0x73:
+            return "F4";
+        case 0x74:
+            return "F5";
+        case 0x75:
+            return "F6";
+        case 0x76:
+            return "F7";
+        case 0x77:
+            return "F8";
+        case 0x78:
+            return "F9";
+        case 0x79:
+            return "F10";
+        case 0x7A:
+            return "F11";
+        case 0x7B:
+            return "F12";
+        case 0x7C:
+            return "F13";
+        case 0x7D:
+            return "F14";
+        case 0x7E:
+            return "F15";
+        case 0x7F:
+            return "F16";
+        case 0x80:
+            return "F17";
+        case 0x81:
+            return "F18";
+        case 0x82:
+            return "F19";
+        case 0x83:
+            return "F20";
+        case 0x84:
+            return "F21";
+        case 0x85:
+            return "F22";
+        case 0x86:
+            return "F23";
+        case 0x87:
+            return "F24";
+        case 0x90:
+            return "Num Lock";
+        case 0x91:
+            return "Scroll Lock";
+        case 0xA0:
+            return "Left Shift";
+        case 0xA1:
+            return "Right Shift";
+        case 0xA2:
+            return "Left Control";
+        case 0xA3:
+            return "Right Control";
+        case 0xA4:
+            return "Left Menu";
+        case 0xA5:
+            return "Right Menu";
+        default:
+
+            // check win API
+            char keyName[128];
+            if (GetKeyNameText((LONG) (MapVirtualKey(vKey, MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC) << 16), keyName, 128))
+                return std::string(keyName);
+            return "Unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+std::string Button::getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager* manager) {
+
+    // get VKey string
+    auto vKey = (uint16_t) this->getVKey();
+    std::string vKeyString = fmt::format("{:#x}", vKey);
+
+    // device must be existing
+    if (this->device_identifier.empty() && vKey == 0xFF) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    if (this->isNaive()) {
+        return this->getVKeyString() + " (Naive, " + vKeyString + ")";
+    } else {
+        auto device = manager->devices_get(this->device_identifier);
+        if (!device) {
+            return "Device missing (" + vKeyString + ")";
+        }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*device->mutex);
+
+        switch (device->type) {
+            case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+                const char *btn = "Unknown";
+                static const char *MOUSE_NAMES[] = {
+                        "Left Mouse",
+                        "Right Mouse",
+                        "Middle Mouse",
+                        "Mouse 1",
+                        "Mouse 2",
+                        "Mouse 3",
+                        "Mouse 4",
+                        "Mouse 5",
+                };
+                if (vKey < sizeof(MOUSE_NAMES)) {
+                    btn = MOUSE_NAMES[vKey];
+                }
+                return fmt::format("{} ({})", btn, device->desc);
+            }
+            case rawinput::KEYBOARD:
+                return this->getVKeyString() + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+            case rawinput::HID: {
+                auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+                switch (this->analog_type) {
+                    case BAT_NONE:
+                        if (vKey < hid->button_caps_names.size())
+                            return hid->button_caps_names[vKey] + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+                        else
+                            return "Invalid button (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_NEGATIVE:
+                    case BAT_POSITIVE: {
+                        const char *sign = this->analog_type == BAT_NEGATIVE ? "-" : "+";
+                        if (vKey < hid->value_caps_names.size()) {
+                            return hid->value_caps_names[vKey] + sign + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+                        } else {
+                            return "Invalid analog (" + device->desc + ")";
+                        }
+                    }
+                    case BAT_HS_UP:
+                        return "Hat Up (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_UPRIGHT:
+                        return "Hat UpRight (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_RIGHT:
+                        return "Hat Right (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_DOWNRIGHT:
+                        return "Hat DownRight (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_DOWN:
+                        return "Hat Down (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_DOWNLEFT:
+                        return "Hat DownLeft (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_LEFT:
+                        return "Hat Left (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_UPLEFT:
+                        return "Hat UpLeft (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_HS_NEUTRAL:
+                        return "Hat Neutral (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    default:
+                        return "Unknown analog type (" + device->desc + ")";
+                }
+            }
+            case rawinput::MIDI:
+                switch (this->analog_type) {
+                    case BAT_NONE:
+                        return "MIDI " + vKeyString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_MIDI_CTRL_PRECISION:
+                        return "MIDI PREC " + vKeyString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_MIDI_CTRL_SINGLE:
+                        return "MIDI CTRL " + vKeyString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_MIDI_CTRL_ONOFF:
+                        return "MIDI ONOFF " + vKeyString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_MIDI_PITCH_DOWN:
+                        return "MIDI Pitch Down (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    case BAT_MIDI_PITCH_UP:
+                        return "MIDI Pitch Up (" + device->desc + ")";
+                    default:
+                        return "MIDI Unknown " + vKeyString + " (" + device->desc + ")";
+                }
+            case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE:
+                return "PIUIO " + vKeyString;
+            case rawinput::DESTROYED:
+                return "Device unplugged (" + vKeyString + ")";
+            default:
+                return "Unknown device type (" + vKeyString + ")";
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#define HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT (1.f / 7)
+
+void Button::getHatSwitchValues(float analog_state, ButtonAnalogType* buffer) {
+    // rawinput converts neutral hat switch values to a negative value
+    if (analog_state < 0.f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_NEUTRAL;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_NONE;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_NONE;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 0 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_UP;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_NONE;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_NONE;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 1 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_UPRIGHT;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_HS_UP;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_HS_RIGHT;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 2 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_RIGHT;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_NONE;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_NONE;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 3 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_DOWNRIGHT;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_HS_RIGHT;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_HS_DOWN;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 4 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_DOWN;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_NONE;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_NONE;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 5 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_DOWNLEFT;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_HS_DOWN;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_HS_LEFT;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 6 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_LEFT;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_NONE;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_NONE;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (analog_state < 7 * HAT_SWITCH_INCREMENT + 0.001f) {
+        buffer[0] = BAT_HS_UPLEFT;
+        buffer[1] = BAT_HS_LEFT;
+        buffer[2] = BAT_HS_UP;
+        return;
+    }
+    
+    buffer[0] = BAT_HS_NEUTRAL;
+    buffer[1] = BAT_NONE;
+    buffer[2] = BAT_NONE;
+    return;
+}
diff --git a/cfg/button.h b/cfg/button.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de350b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/button.h
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "api.h"
+
+namespace rawinput {
+    class RawInputManager;
+}
+
+enum ButtonAnalogType {
+    BAT_NONE = 0,
+    BAT_POSITIVE = 1,
+    BAT_NEGATIVE = 2,
+    BAT_HS_UP = 3,
+    BAT_HS_UPRIGHT = 4,
+    BAT_HS_RIGHT = 5,
+    BAT_HS_DOWNRIGHT = 6,
+    BAT_HS_DOWN = 7,
+    BAT_HS_DOWNLEFT = 8,
+    BAT_HS_LEFT = 9,
+    BAT_HS_UPLEFT = 10,
+    BAT_HS_NEUTRAL = 11,
+    BAT_MIDI_CTRL_PRECISION = 12,
+    BAT_MIDI_CTRL_SINGLE = 13,
+    BAT_MIDI_CTRL_ONOFF = 14,
+    BAT_MIDI_PITCH_DOWN = 15,
+    BAT_MIDI_PITCH_UP = 16,
+};
+
+extern const char *ButtonAnalogTypeStr[];
+
+class Button {
+private:
+    std::vector<Button> alternatives;
+    std::string name;
+    std::string device_identifier = "";
+    unsigned short vKey = 0xFF;
+    ButtonAnalogType analog_type = BAT_NONE;
+    double debounce_up = 0.0;
+    double debounce_down = 0.0;
+    bool invert = false;
+
+    GameAPI::Buttons::State last_state = GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+    float last_velocity = 0.f;
+
+    std::string getVKeyString();
+
+public:
+
+    // overrides
+    bool override_enabled = false;
+    GameAPI::Buttons::State override_state = GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+    float override_velocity = 0.f;
+
+    explicit Button(std::string name) : name(std::move(name)) {};
+
+    inline std::vector<Button> &getAlternatives() {
+        return this->alternatives;
+    }
+
+    inline bool isSet() {
+        if (this->override_enabled) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (this->vKey != 0xFF) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        for (auto &alternative : this->alternatives) {
+            if (alternative.vKey != 0xFF) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    inline void clearBindings() {
+        vKey = 0xFF;
+        alternatives.clear();
+        device_identifier = "";
+        analog_type = BAT_NONE;
+    }
+
+    std::string getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager* manager);
+
+    inline bool isNaive() const {
+        return this->device_identifier.empty();
+    }
+
+    inline const std::string &getName() const {
+        return this->name;
+    }
+
+    inline const std::string &getDeviceIdentifier() const {
+        return this->device_identifier;
+    }
+
+    inline void setDeviceIdentifier(std::string new_device_identifier) {
+        this->device_identifier = std::move(new_device_identifier);
+    }
+
+    inline unsigned short getVKey() const {
+        return this->vKey;
+    }
+
+    inline void setVKey(unsigned short vKey) {
+        this->vKey = vKey;
+    }
+
+    inline ButtonAnalogType getAnalogType() const {
+        return this->analog_type;
+    }
+
+    inline void setAnalogType(ButtonAnalogType analog_type) {
+        this->analog_type = analog_type;
+    }
+
+    inline double getDebounceUp() const {
+        return this->debounce_up;
+    }
+
+    inline void setDebounceUp(double debounce_time_up) {
+        this->debounce_up = debounce_time_up;
+    }
+
+    inline double getDebounceDown() const {
+        return this->debounce_down;
+    }
+
+    inline void setDebounceDown(double debounce_time_down) {
+        this->debounce_down = debounce_time_down;
+    }
+
+    inline bool getInvert() const {
+        return this->invert;
+    }
+
+    inline void setInvert(bool invert) {
+        this->invert = invert;
+    }
+
+    inline GameAPI::Buttons::State getLastState() {
+        return this->last_state;
+    }
+
+    inline void setLastState(GameAPI::Buttons::State last_state) {
+        this->last_state = last_state;
+    }
+
+    inline float getLastVelocity() {
+        return this->last_velocity;
+    }
+
+    inline void setLastVelocity(float last_velocity) {
+        this->last_velocity = last_velocity;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Map hat switch float value from [0-1] to directions.
+     * Buffer must be sized 3 or bigger.
+     * Order of detection is:
+     * 1. Multi Direction Binding (example: BAT_HS_UPRIGHT)
+     * 2. Lower number binding (in order up, right, down, left)
+     * 3. Higher number binding
+     * Empty fields will be 0 (BAT_NONE)
+     *
+     * Example:
+     * Xbox360 Controller reports value 2 => mapped to float [0-1] it's 0.25f
+     * Resulting buffer is: {BAT_HS_UPRIGHT, BAT_HS_UP, BAT_HS_RIGHT}
+     */
+    static void getHatSwitchValues(float analog_state, ButtonAnalogType* buffer);
+};
diff --git a/cfg/config.cpp b/cfg/config.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..382e5ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/config.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1215 @@
+#include "config.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+/*
+ * This code absolutely sucks.
+ * If you hate, then replace, it's long overdue.
+ * Maybe use RapidJSON instead so we can ditch tinyxml2 completely.
+ */
+
+// settings
+std::string CONFIG_PATH_OVERRIDE = "";
+
+
+///////////////////
+/// Constructor ///
+///////////////////
+
+Config::Config() {
+    this->status = false;
+    if (CONFIG_PATH_OVERRIDE.length() > 0) {
+        this->configLocation = CONFIG_PATH_OVERRIDE;
+        log_info("cfg", "using custom config file: {}", this->configLocation.string());
+    } else {
+        this->configLocation = std::filesystem::path(_wgetenv(L"APPDATA")) / L"spicetools.xml";
+        // avoids logging the expanded appdata path as it contains user name
+        log_info("cfg", "using global config file: %appdata%\\spicetools.xml");
+    }
+
+    this->configLocationTemp = this->configLocation;
+    this->configLocationTemp.replace_extension(L"tmp");
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLError configLoadError, *previousConfigLoadError = nullptr;
+
+    do {
+        configLoadError = this->configFile.LoadFile(this->configLocation.c_str());
+
+        if (previousConfigLoadError == nullptr) {
+            previousConfigLoadError = new tinyxml2::XMLError(configLoadError);
+        } else if (configLoadError == *previousConfigLoadError) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        switch (configLoadError) {
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS:
+                this->status = true;
+                break;
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT:
+                this->firstFillConfigFile();
+                break;
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_FILE_COULD_NOT_BE_OPENED:
+                log_fatal("cfg", "could not open config file: {}", this->configLocation.string());
+                break;
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:
+                this->createConfigFile();
+                break;
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_MISMATCHED_ELEMENT:
+            case tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_ERROR_PARSING:
+                log_warning("cfg", "Couldn't read config file: {}", this->configLocation.string());
+                this->createConfigFile();
+                this->firstFillConfigFile();
+                break;
+            default:
+                log_warning("cfg", "Unknown XML error reading config: {}", configLoadError);
+                break;
+        }
+    } while (configLoadError != tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS);
+
+    this->configFile.SetBOM(true);
+}
+
+////////////////////////
+/// Public Functions ///
+////////////////////////
+
+Config &Config::getInstance() {
+    static auto instance = new Config;
+    return *instance;
+}
+
+bool Config::getStatus() {
+    return this->status;
+}
+
+bool Config::addGame(Game &game) {
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameName) == game.getGameName()) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    if (gameExists) {
+
+        // buttons list
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("buttons");
+        if (gameButtonsNode == nullptr) {
+            gameButtonsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("buttons");
+            gameNodes->InsertEndChild(gameButtonsNode);
+            gameButtonsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("buttons");
+        }
+
+        // iterate buttons in game
+        for (auto &it : game.getButtons()) {
+
+            // iterate buttons in config
+            size_t button_count = 0;
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonNode = gameButtonsNode->FirstChildElement("button");
+            while (gameButtonNode != nullptr) {
+
+                // verify button name
+                const char *buttonName = gameButtonNode->Attribute("name");
+
+                if (buttonName == nullptr) {
+                    gameButtonsNode->DeleteChild(gameButtonNode);
+                } else if (std::string(buttonName) == it.getName()) {
+
+                    // alternative binding stuff
+                    Button *button;
+                    if (button_count == 0) {
+                        button = &it;
+                        button_count++;
+                    } else {
+                        auto &alternatives = it.getAlternatives();
+                        if (alternatives.size() > button_count - 1) {
+                            button = &alternatives.at(button_count - 1);
+                        } else {
+                            button = &alternatives.emplace_back(it.getName());
+                        }
+                        button_count++;
+                    }
+
+                    // process button
+                    int vKey = 255;
+                    auto analogType = (int) BAT_NONE;
+                    double debounce_up = 0.0;
+                    double debounce_down = 0.0;
+                    bool invert = false;
+                    tinyxml2::XMLError attrError = gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("vkey", &vKey);
+                    const char *devid = gameButtonNode->Attribute("devid");
+                    gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("analogtype", &analogType);
+                    gameButtonNode->QueryDoubleAttribute("debounce_up", &debounce_up);
+                    gameButtonNode->QueryDoubleAttribute("debounce_down", &debounce_down);
+                    gameButtonNode->QueryBoolAttribute("invert", &invert);
+                    if (attrError != tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS) {
+                        gameButtonsNode->DeleteChild(gameButtonNode);
+                        gameButtonNode = this->configFile.NewElement("button");
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("name", button->getName().c_str());
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("vkey", button->getVKey());
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("analogtype", (int) button->getAnalogType());
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", button->getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_up", debounce_up);
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_down", debounce_down);
+                        gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", invert);
+                        gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
+                    } else {
+                        button->setVKey(static_cast<unsigned short int>(vKey));
+                        button->setAnalogType((ButtonAnalogType) analogType);
+                        button->setDebounceUp(debounce_up);
+                        button->setDebounceDown(debounce_down);
+                        button->setInvert(invert);
+                        if (devid) {
+                            button->setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                gameButtonNode = gameButtonNode->NextSiblingElement("button");
+            }
+
+            // create button entry if none was found
+            if (button_count == 0) {
+                gameButtonNode = this->configFile.NewElement("button");
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("name", it.getName().c_str());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("vkey", it.getVKey());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("analogtype", (int) it.getAnalogType());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_up", it.getDebounceUp());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_down", it.getDebounceDown());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", it.getInvert());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // analogs list
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("analogs");
+        if (gameAnalogsNode == nullptr) {
+            gameAnalogsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("analogs");
+            gameNodes->InsertEndChild(gameAnalogsNode);
+            gameAnalogsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("analogs");
+        }
+
+        for (auto &it : game.getAnalogs()) {
+            bool analogExists = false;
+
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogNode = gameAnalogsNode->FirstChildElement("analog");
+            while (gameAnalogNode != nullptr) {
+                const char *analogName = gameAnalogNode->Attribute("name");
+
+                if (analogName == nullptr) {
+                    gameAnalogsNode->DeleteChild(gameAnalogNode);
+                } else if (std::string(analogName) == it.getName()) {
+                    analogExists = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                gameAnalogNode = gameAnalogNode->NextSiblingElement("analog");
+            }
+
+            if (analogExists) {
+                int index = 255;
+                float sensitivity = 1.f;
+                float deadzone = 0.f;
+                bool deadzone_mirror = false;
+                bool invert = false;
+                bool smoothing = false;
+                int multiplier = 1;
+                bool relative_mode = false;
+                int delay_buffer_depth = 0;
+                tinyxml2::XMLError err1 = gameAnalogNode->QueryIntAttribute("index", &index);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryFloatAttribute("sensivity", &sensitivity);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryFloatAttribute("deadzone", &deadzone);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("deadzone_mirror", &deadzone_mirror);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("invert", &invert);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("smoothing", &smoothing);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryIntAttribute("multiplier", &multiplier);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("relative", &relative_mode);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryIntAttribute("delay", &delay_buffer_depth);
+                const char *devid = gameAnalogNode->Attribute("devid");
+
+                if (err1 != tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS || !devid) {
+                    gameAnalogsNode->DeleteChild(gameAnalogNode);
+                    gameAnalogNode = this->configFile.NewElement("analog");
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("name", it.getName().c_str());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("index", it.getIndex());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("sensivity", it.getSensitivity());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone", it.getDeadzone());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone_mirror", it.getDeadzoneMirror());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("invert", it.getInvert());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("smoothing", it.getSmoothing());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("multiplier", it.getMultiplier());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("relative", it.isRelativeMode());
+                    gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("delay", it.getDelayBufferDepth());
+                    gameAnalogsNode->InsertEndChild(gameAnalogNode);
+                } else {
+                    it.setIndex(static_cast<unsigned short int>(index));
+                    it.setSensitivity(sensitivity);
+                    it.setDeadzone(deadzone);
+                    it.setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
+                    it.setDeadzoneMirror(deadzone_mirror);
+                    it.setInvert(invert);
+                    it.setSmoothing(smoothing);
+                    it.setMultiplier(multiplier);
+                    it.setRelativeMode(relative_mode);
+                    it.setDelayBufferDepth(delay_buffer_depth);
+                }
+            } else {
+                gameAnalogNode = this->configFile.NewElement("analog");
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("name", it.getName().c_str());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("index", it.getIndex());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("sensivity", it.getSensitivity());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone", it.getDeadzone());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone_mirror", it.getDeadzoneMirror());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("invert", it.getInvert());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("smoothing", it.getSmoothing());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("multiplier", it.getMultiplier());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("relative", it.isRelativeMode());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("delay", it.getDelayBufferDepth());
+                gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                gameAnalogsNode->InsertEndChild(gameAnalogNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // lights list
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("lights");
+        if (gameLightsNode == nullptr) {
+            gameLightsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("lights");
+            gameNodes->InsertEndChild(gameLightsNode);
+            gameLightsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("lights");
+        }
+
+        // iterate lights in game
+        for (auto &it : game.getLights()) {
+
+            // iterate lights in config
+            size_t light_count = 0;
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightNode = gameLightsNode->FirstChildElement("light");
+            while (gameLightNode != nullptr) {
+
+                // verify light name
+                const char *lightName = gameLightNode->Attribute("name");
+                if (lightName == nullptr) {
+                    gameLightsNode->DeleteChild(gameLightNode);
+                } else if (std::string(lightName) == it.getName()) {
+
+                    // alternative binding stuff
+                    Light *light;
+                    if (light_count == 0) {
+                        light = &it;
+                        light_count++;
+                    } else {
+                        auto &alternatives = it.getAlternatives();
+                        if (alternatives.size() > light_count - 1) {
+                            light = &alternatives.at(light_count - 1);
+                        } else {
+                            light = &alternatives.emplace_back(it.getName());
+                        }
+                        light_count++;
+                    }
+
+                    // process light
+                    int index = 0;
+                    tinyxml2::XMLError attrError = gameLightNode->QueryIntAttribute("index", &index);
+                    const char *devid = gameLightNode->Attribute("devid");
+                    if (attrError != tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS) {
+                        gameLightsNode->DeleteChild(gameLightNode);
+                        gameLightNode = this->configFile.NewElement("light");
+                        gameLightNode->SetAttribute("name", light->getName().c_str());
+                        gameLightNode->SetAttribute("index", light->getIndex());
+                        gameLightNode->SetAttribute("devid", light->getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                        gameLightsNode->InsertEndChild(gameLightNode);
+                    } else {
+                        light->setIndex(static_cast<unsigned int>(index));
+                        if (devid) {
+                            light->setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                gameLightNode = gameLightNode->NextSiblingElement("light");
+            }
+
+            // create light entry if none was found
+            if (light_count == 0) {
+                gameLightNode = this->configFile.NewElement("light");
+                gameLightNode->SetAttribute("name", it.getName().c_str());
+                gameLightNode->SetAttribute("index", it.getIndex());
+                gameLightNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                gameLightsNode->InsertEndChild(gameLightNode);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // options list
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameOptionsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("options");
+        if (gameOptionsNode == nullptr) {
+            gameOptionsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("options");
+            gameNodes->InsertEndChild(gameOptionsNode);
+            gameOptionsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("options");
+        }
+
+        for (auto &it : game.getOptions()) {
+            bool optionExist = false;
+
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameOptionNode = gameOptionsNode->FirstChildElement("option");
+            while (gameOptionNode != nullptr) {
+                const char *optionName = gameOptionNode->Attribute("name");
+
+                if (optionName == nullptr) {
+                    gameOptionsNode->DeleteChild(gameOptionNode);
+                } else if (std::string(optionName) == it.get_definition().name) {
+                    optionExist = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                gameOptionNode = gameOptionNode->NextSiblingElement("option");
+            }
+
+            if (optionExist) {
+                const char *name = gameOptionNode->Attribute("name");
+
+                if (name == nullptr) {
+                    gameOptionsNode->DeleteChild(gameOptionNode);
+                    gameOptionNode = this->configFile.NewElement("options");
+                    gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("name", it.get_definition().name.c_str());
+                    gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("value", it.value.c_str());
+                    gameOptionsNode->InsertEndChild(gameOptionNode);
+                } else {
+                    it.value = gameOptionNode->Attribute("value");
+                }
+            } else {
+                gameOptionNode = this->configFile.NewElement("option");
+                gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("name", it.get_definition().name.c_str());
+                gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("value", it.value.c_str());
+                gameOptionsNode->InsertEndChild(gameOptionNode);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+
+        // game does not exist, create it
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNode = this->configFile.NewElement("game");
+        gameNode->SetAttribute("name", game.getGameName().c_str());
+
+        // create buttons
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("buttons");
+        gameNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonsNode);
+        for (auto &it : game.getButtons()) {
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonNode = this->configFile.NewElement("button");
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("name", it.getName().c_str());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("vkey", it.getVKey());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("analogtype", it.getAnalogType());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_up", it.getDebounceUp());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_down", it.getDebounceDown());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", it.getInvert());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+            gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
+        }
+
+        // create analogs
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("analogs");
+        gameNode->InsertEndChild(gameAnalogsNode);
+        for (auto &it : game.getAnalogs()) {
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogNode = this->configFile.NewElement("analog");
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("name", it.getName().c_str());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("sensivity", it.getSensitivity());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone", it.getDeadzone());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone_mirror", it.getDeadzoneMirror());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("invert", it.getInvert());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("smoothing", it.getSmoothing());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("multiplier", it.getMultiplier());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("relative", it.isRelativeMode());
+            gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("delay", it.getDelayBufferDepth());
+            gameAnalogsNode->InsertEndChild(gameAnalogNode);
+        }
+
+        // create lights
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("lights");
+        gameNode->InsertEndChild(gameLightsNode);
+        for (auto &it : game.getLights()) {
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightNode = this->configFile.NewElement("light");
+            gameLightNode->SetAttribute("name", it.getName().c_str());
+            gameLightNode->SetAttribute("index", it.getIndex());
+            gameLightNode->SetAttribute("devid", it.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+            gameLightsNode->InsertEndChild(gameLightNode);
+        }
+
+        // create options
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameOptionsNode = this->configFile.NewElement("options");
+        gameNode->InsertEndChild(gameOptionsNode);
+        for (auto &it : game.getOptions()) {
+            tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameOptionNode = this->configFile.NewElement("option");
+            gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("name", it.get_definition().name.c_str());
+            gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("value", it.value.c_str());
+            gameOptionsNode->InsertEndChild(gameOptionNode);
+        }
+
+        rootNode->InsertEndChild(gameNode);
+    }
+
+    // save config
+    this->saveConfigFile();
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Config::updateBinding(const Game &game, const Button &button, int alternative) {
+
+    // get root node
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+
+    // find game
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+    bool gameExists = false;
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == game.getGameName()) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    // if game doesn't exist
+    if (!gameExists) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get button nodes
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("buttons");
+    if (gameButtonsNode == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // iterate button nodes
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonNode = gameButtonsNode->FirstChildElement("button");
+    int button_count = 0;
+    while (gameButtonNode != nullptr) {
+        const char *buttonNodeName = gameButtonNode->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (buttonNodeName == nullptr) {
+            gameButtonsNode->DeleteChild(gameButtonNode);
+        } else if (std::string(buttonNodeName) == button.getName()) {
+            if (button_count++ == alternative + 1 || alternative < 0) {
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("vkey", button.getVKey());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("analogtype", (int) button.getAnalogType());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_up", button.getDebounceUp());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_down", button.getDebounceDown());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", button.getInvert());
+                gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", button.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        gameButtonNode = gameButtonNode->NextSiblingElement("button");
+
+        if (gameButtonNode == nullptr) {
+            gameButtonNode = this->configFile.NewElement("button");
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("name", button.getName().c_str());
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("vkey", 0xFF);
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("analogtype", 0);
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_up", 0.0);
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("debounce_down", 0.0);
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("invert", false);
+            gameButtonNode->SetAttribute("devid", "");
+            gameButtonsNode->InsertEndChild(gameButtonNode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // check if button was not found
+    if (button_count == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // save config
+    this->saveConfigFile();
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Config::updateBinding(const Game &game, const Analog &analog) {
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == game.getGameName()) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    if (!gameExists) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // update buttons
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("analogs");
+    if (gameAnalogsNode == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool analogExists = false;
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogNode = gameAnalogsNode->FirstChildElement("analog");
+
+    while (gameAnalogNode != nullptr) {
+        const char *analogNodeName = gameAnalogNode->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (analogNodeName == nullptr) {
+            gameAnalogsNode->DeleteChild(gameAnalogNode);
+        } else if (std::string(analogNodeName) == analog.getName()) {
+            analogExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameAnalogNode = gameAnalogNode->NextSiblingElement("analog");
+    }
+
+    if (analogExists) {
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("index", analog.getIndex());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("sensivity", analog.getSensitivity());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone", analog.getDeadzone());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone_mirror", analog.getDeadzoneMirror());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("invert", analog.getInvert());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("smoothing", analog.getSmoothing());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("multiplier", analog.getMultiplier());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("relative", analog.isRelativeMode());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("delay", analog.getDelayBufferDepth());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("devid", analog.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+    } else {
+        gameAnalogNode = this->configFile.NewElement("analog");
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("index", analog.getIndex());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("sensivity", analog.getSensitivity());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone", analog.getDeadzone());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("deadzone_mirror", analog.getDeadzoneMirror());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("invert", analog.getInvert());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("smoothing", analog.getSmoothing());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("multiplier", analog.getMultiplier());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("relative", analog.isRelativeMode());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("delay", analog.getDelayBufferDepth());
+        gameAnalogNode->SetAttribute("devid", analog.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+        gameAnalogsNode->InsertEndChild(gameAnalogNode);
+    }
+
+    this->saveConfigFile();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Config::updateBinding(const Game &game, ConfigKeypadBindings &keypads) {
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == game.getGameName()) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    if (!gameExists) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // update keypads
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameKeypadNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("keypads");
+    if (gameKeypadNode == nullptr) {
+        gameKeypadNode = this->configFile.NewElement("keypads");
+        gameNodes->InsertEndChild(gameKeypadNode);
+    }
+
+    // update attributes
+    gameKeypadNode->SetAttribute("devid1", keypads.keypads[0].c_str());
+    gameKeypadNode->SetAttribute("devid2", keypads.keypads[1].c_str());
+    gameKeypadNode->SetAttribute("cardpath1", reinterpret_cast<const char *>(keypads.card_paths[0].u8string().c_str()));
+    gameKeypadNode->SetAttribute("cardpath2", reinterpret_cast<const char *>(keypads.card_paths[1].u8string().c_str()));
+
+    this->saveConfigFile();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Config::updateBinding(const Game &game, const Light &light, int alternative) {
+
+    // get root node and find game
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == game.getGameName()) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    // if game does not exist
+    if (!gameExists) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get light nodes
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("lights");
+    if (gameLightsNode == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // iterate light nodes
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightNode = gameLightsNode->FirstChildElement("light");
+    int light_count = 0;
+    while (gameLightNode != nullptr) {
+        const char *lightNodeName = gameLightNode->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (lightNodeName == nullptr) {
+            gameLightsNode->DeleteChild(gameLightNode);
+        } else if (std::string(lightNodeName) == light.getName()) {
+            if (light_count++ == alternative + 1 || alternative < 0) {
+                gameLightNode->SetAttribute("index", light.getIndex());
+                gameLightNode->SetAttribute("devid", light.getDeviceIdentifier().c_str());
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        gameLightNode = gameLightNode->NextSiblingElement("light");
+
+        if (gameLightNode == nullptr) {
+            gameLightNode = this->configFile.NewElement("light");
+            gameLightNode->SetAttribute("name", light.getName().c_str());
+            gameLightNode->SetAttribute("index", 0);
+            gameLightNode->SetAttribute("devid", "");
+            gameLightsNode->InsertEndChild(gameLightNode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // check if light was not found
+    if (light_count == 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // save config
+    this->saveConfigFile();
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Config::updateBinding(const Game &game, const Option &option) {
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == game.getGameName()) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    if (!gameExists) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // update options
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameOptionsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("options");
+    if (gameOptionsNode == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    bool optionExists = false;
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameOptionNode = gameOptionsNode->FirstChildElement("option");
+    while (gameOptionNode != nullptr) {
+        const char *optionNodeName = gameOptionNode->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (optionNodeName == nullptr) {
+            gameOptionsNode->DeleteChild(gameOptionNode);
+        } else if (std::string(optionNodeName) == option.get_definition().name) {
+            optionExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameOptionNode = gameOptionNode->NextSiblingElement("option");
+    }
+
+    if (optionExists) {
+        gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("value", option.value.c_str());
+    } else {
+        gameOptionNode = this->configFile.NewElement("option");
+        gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("name", option.get_definition().name.c_str());
+        gameOptionNode->SetAttribute("value", option.value.c_str());
+        gameOptionsNode->InsertEndChild(gameOptionNode);
+    }
+
+    this->saveConfigFile();
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+std::vector<Button> Config::getButtons(const std::string &gameName) {
+    std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == gameName) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+    if (gameExists) {
+
+        // get buttons node
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("buttons");
+        if (gameButtonsNode == nullptr) {
+            return buttons;
+        }
+
+        // iterate all buttons
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameButtonNode = gameButtonsNode->FirstChildElement("button");
+        while (gameButtonNode != nullptr) {
+            const char *buttonNodeName = nullptr;
+            buttonNodeName = gameButtonNode->Attribute("name");
+            if (buttonNodeName == nullptr) {
+                gameButtonsNode->DeleteChild(gameButtonNode);
+            } else {
+
+                // get attributes
+                int vKey = 0xFF;
+                auto analogType = (int) BAT_NONE;
+                double debounce_up = 0.0;
+                double debounce_down = 0.0;
+                bool invert = false;
+                gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("vkey", &vKey);
+                gameButtonNode->QueryIntAttribute("analogtype", &analogType);
+                gameButtonNode->QueryDoubleAttribute("debounce_up", &debounce_up);
+                gameButtonNode->QueryDoubleAttribute("debounce_down", &debounce_down);
+                gameButtonNode->QueryBoolAttribute("invert", &invert);
+                const char *devid = gameButtonNode->Attribute("devid");
+
+                // find alternative
+                bool alternative_found = false;
+                for (auto &button : buttons) {
+                    if (button.getName() == std::string(buttonNodeName)) {
+                        auto &alternatives = button.getAlternatives();
+                        auto &alt = alternatives.emplace_back(buttonNodeName);
+                        alt.setVKey((unsigned short) vKey);
+                        alt.setAnalogType((ButtonAnalogType) analogType);
+                        alt.setDebounceUp(debounce_up);
+                        alt.setDebounceDown(debounce_down);
+                        alt.setInvert(invert);
+                        if (devid) {
+                            alt.setDeviceIdentifier(std::string(devid));
+                        }
+                        alternative_found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // if no alternative was found
+                if (!alternative_found) {
+
+                    // create button and add to list
+                    auto &button = buttons.emplace_back(buttonNodeName);
+                    button.setVKey((unsigned short) vKey);
+                    button.setAnalogType((ButtonAnalogType) analogType);
+                    button.setDebounceUp(debounce_up);
+                    button.setDebounceDown(debounce_down);
+                    button.setInvert(invert);
+                    if (devid) {
+                        button.setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get next button
+            gameButtonNode = gameButtonNode->NextSiblingElement("button");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Button> Config::getButtons(Game *game) {
+    return this->getButtons(game->getGameName());
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> Config::getLights(const std::string &gameName) {
+    std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == gameName) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    if (gameExists) {
+
+        // get lights node
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("lights");
+        if (gameLightsNode == nullptr) {
+            return lights;
+        }
+
+        // iterate all lights
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameLightNode = gameLightsNode->FirstChildElement("light");
+        while (gameLightNode != nullptr) {
+            const char *lightNodeName = nullptr;
+            lightNodeName = gameLightNode->Attribute("name");
+            if (lightNodeName == nullptr) {
+                gameLightsNode->DeleteChild(gameLightNode);
+            } else {
+
+                // get attributes
+                int index = 0;
+                gameLightNode->QueryIntAttribute("index", &index);
+                const char* devid = gameLightNode->Attribute("devid");
+
+                // find alternative
+                bool alternative_found = false;
+                for (auto &light : lights) {
+                    if (light.getName() == std::string(lightNodeName)) {
+                        auto &alternatives = light.getAlternatives();
+                        auto &alt = alternatives.emplace_back(lightNodeName);
+                        alt.setIndex((unsigned int) index);
+                        if (devid) {
+                            alt.setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
+                        }
+                        alternative_found = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // if no alternative was found
+                if (!alternative_found) {
+
+                    // create light and add to lights
+                    auto &light = lights.emplace_back(lightNodeName);
+                    light.setIndex((unsigned int) index);
+                    if (devid) {
+                        light.setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get next light
+            gameLightNode = gameLightNode->NextSiblingElement("light");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> Config::getLights(Game *game) {
+    return this->getLights(game->getGameName());
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> Config::getAnalogs(const std::string &gameName) {
+    std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == gameName) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+    if (gameExists) {
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("analogs");
+        if (gameAnalogsNode == nullptr) {
+            return analogs;
+        }
+
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameAnalogNode = gameAnalogsNode->FirstChildElement("analog");
+
+        while (gameAnalogNode != nullptr) {
+            const char *analogNodeName = gameAnalogNode->Attribute("name");
+
+            if (analogNodeName == nullptr) {
+                gameAnalogsNode->DeleteChild(gameAnalogNode);
+            } else {
+
+                // get attributes
+                int index = 0xFF;
+                float sensitivity = 1.f;
+                float deadzone = 0.f;
+                bool deadzone_mirror = false;
+                bool invert = false;
+                bool smoothing = false;
+                int multiplier = 1;
+                bool relative_mode = false;
+                int delay_buffer_depth = 0;
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryIntAttribute("index", &index);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryFloatAttribute("sensivity", &sensitivity);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryFloatAttribute("deadzone", &deadzone);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("deadzone_mirror", &deadzone_mirror);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("invert", &invert);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("smoothing", &smoothing);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryIntAttribute("multiplier", &multiplier);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryBoolAttribute("relative", &relative_mode);
+                gameAnalogNode->QueryIntAttribute("delay", &delay_buffer_depth);
+                const char *devid = gameAnalogNode->Attribute("devid");
+
+                // create analog and add to list
+                auto &analog = analogs.emplace_back(analogNodeName);
+                analog.setIndex((unsigned short) index);
+                analog.setSensitivity(sensitivity);
+                analog.setDeadzone(deadzone);
+                analog.setDeadzoneMirror(deadzone_mirror);
+                analog.setInvert(invert);
+                analog.setSmoothing(smoothing);
+                analog.setMultiplier(multiplier);
+                analog.setRelativeMode(relative_mode);
+                analog.setDelayBufferDepth(delay_buffer_depth);
+                if (devid) {
+                    analog.setDeviceIdentifier(devid);
+                }
+            }
+
+            gameAnalogNode = gameAnalogNode->NextSiblingElement("analog");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> Config::getAnalogs(Game *game) {
+    return this->getAnalogs(game->getGameName());
+}
+
+ConfigKeypadBindings Config::getKeypadBindings(const std::string &gameName) {
+    ConfigKeypadBindings bindings {};
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    bool gameExists = false;
+
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == gameName) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    if (gameExists) {
+        tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameKeypadNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("keypads");
+        if (gameKeypadNode == nullptr) {
+            return bindings;
+        }
+
+        // set bindings
+        const char *tmp;
+        tmp = gameKeypadNode->Attribute("devid1");
+        if (tmp) {
+            bindings.keypads[0] = std::string(tmp);
+        }
+        tmp = gameKeypadNode->Attribute("devid2");
+        if (tmp) {
+            bindings.keypads[1] = std::string(tmp);
+        }
+        tmp = gameKeypadNode->Attribute("cardpath1");
+        if (tmp) {
+            bindings.card_paths[0] = std::u8string(reinterpret_cast<const char8_t *>(tmp));
+        }
+        tmp = gameKeypadNode->Attribute("cardpath2");
+        if (tmp) {
+            bindings.card_paths[1] = std::u8string(reinterpret_cast<const char8_t *>(tmp));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return bindings;
+}
+
+ConfigKeypadBindings Config::getKeypadBindings(Game *game) {
+    return this->getKeypadBindings(game->getGameName());
+}
+
+std::vector<Option> Config::getOptions(const std::string &gameName) {
+    std::vector<Option> options;
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.LastChild();
+    tinyxml2::XMLElement *gameNodes = rootNode->FirstChildElement("game");
+
+    // find game
+    bool gameExists = false;
+    while (gameNodes != nullptr) {
+        const char *gameNodeName = gameNodes->Attribute("name");
+
+        if (gameNodeName == nullptr) {
+            rootNode->DeleteChild(gameNodes);
+        } else if (std::string(gameNodeName) == gameName) {
+            gameExists = true;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        gameNodes = gameNodes->NextSiblingElement("game");
+    }
+
+    // check if game exists
+    if (gameExists) {
+
+        // check if options node exists
+        auto gameOptionsNode = gameNodes->FirstChildElement("options");
+        if (gameOptionsNode == nullptr) {
+            return options;
+        }
+
+        // iterate options
+        auto gameOptionNode = gameOptionsNode->FirstChildElement("option");
+        while (gameOptionNode != nullptr) {
+            const char *optionNodeName = gameOptionNode->Attribute("name");
+
+            if (optionNodeName == nullptr) {
+                gameOptionNode->DeleteChild(gameOptionNode);
+            } else {
+                const char *value = gameOptionNode->Attribute("value");
+
+                options.emplace_back(OptionDefinition {
+                    .title = optionNodeName,
+                    .name = optionNodeName,
+                    .desc = "",
+                    .type = OptionType::Text,
+                }, value);
+            }
+
+            gameOptionNode = gameOptionNode->NextSiblingElement("option");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return options;
+}
+
+std::vector<Option> Config::getOptions(Game *game) {
+    return this->getOptions(game->getGameName());
+}
+
+/////////////////////////
+/// Private Functions ///
+/////////////////////////
+
+bool Config::createConfigFile() {
+    std::ofstream ofsConfig;
+    ofsConfig.open(this->configLocationTemp);
+    if (!ofsConfig.is_open() || ofsConfig.fail() || ofsConfig.bad()) {
+        this->status = false;
+        return false;
+    }
+    ofsConfig.close();
+    return this->firstFillConfigFile();
+}
+
+bool Config::firstFillConfigFile() {
+    this->configFile.LoadFile(this->configLocationTemp.c_str());
+    this->configFile.Clear();
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *declarationNode = this->configFile.NewDeclaration();
+    this->configFile.InsertFirstChild(declarationNode);
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLNode *rootNode = this->configFile.NewElement("games");
+    this->configFile.InsertEndChild(rootNode);
+
+    this->saveConfigFile();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Config::saveConfigFile() {
+    // create a .tmp file and write to it...
+    const auto xml_result = this->configFile.SaveFile(this->configLocationTemp.c_str(), false);
+    if (xml_result != tinyxml2::XMLError::XML_SUCCESS) {
+        log_info("cfg", "failed to write file: {}", this->configLocationTemp.string());
+        return;
+    }
+    // copy the .tmp file to the main file...
+    if (CopyFileW(this->configLocationTemp.c_str(), this->configLocation.c_str(), false) == 0) {
+        log_warning("cfg", "CopyFileA failed: 0x{:08x}", GetLastError());
+        return;
+    }
+    // delete the .tmp file (not critical if this fails)
+    DeleteFileW(this->configLocationTemp.c_str());
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cfg/config.h b/cfg/config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6b4e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h"
+
+#include "game.h"
+
+// settings
+extern std::string CONFIG_PATH_OVERRIDE;
+
+struct ConfigKeypadBindings {
+    std::string keypads[2];
+    std::filesystem::path card_paths[2];
+};
+
+class Config {
+public:
+    static Config &getInstance();
+    bool getStatus();
+    bool createConfigFile();
+
+    bool addGame(Game &game);
+
+    bool updateBinding(const Game &game, const Button &button, int alternative);
+    bool updateBinding(const Game &game, const Analog &analog);
+    bool updateBinding(const Game &game, ConfigKeypadBindings &keypads);
+    bool updateBinding(const Game &game, const Light &light, int alternative);
+    bool updateBinding(const Game &game, const Option &option);
+
+    std::vector<Button> getButtons(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Button> getButtons(Game *);
+
+    std::vector<Analog> getAnalogs(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Analog> getAnalogs(Game *);
+
+    ConfigKeypadBindings getKeypadBindings(const std::string &game);
+    ConfigKeypadBindings getKeypadBindings(Game *);
+
+    std::vector<Light> getLights(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Light> getLights(Game *);
+
+    std::vector<Option> getOptions(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Option> getOptions(Game *);
+
+private:
+    Config();
+    Config(const Config &);
+    ~Config() = default;
+
+    const Config &operator=(const Config &);
+
+    tinyxml2::XMLDocument configFile;
+    bool status;
+    std::filesystem::path configLocation;
+    std::filesystem::path configLocationTemp;
+
+    bool firstFillConfigFile();
+    void saveConfigFile();
+};
diff --git a/cfg/configurator.cpp b/cfg/configurator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a47c151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/configurator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#include "configurator.h"
+
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "script/manager.h"
+
+namespace cfg {
+
+    // globals
+    bool CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE = false;
+    ConfigType CONFIGURATOR_TYPE = ConfigType::Config;
+
+    Configurator::Configurator() {
+        CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE = true;
+    }
+
+    Configurator::~Configurator() {
+        CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE = false;
+    }
+
+    void Configurator::run() {
+
+        // create instance
+        overlay::ENABLED = true;
+        overlay::create_software(this->wnd.hWnd);
+        overlay::OVERLAY->set_active(true);
+        overlay::OVERLAY->hotkeys_enable = false;
+        ImGui::GetIO().MouseDrawCursor = false;
+
+        // scripts
+        script::manager_scan();
+        script::manager_config();
+
+        // run window
+        this->wnd.run();
+
+        // clean up
+        script::manager_shutdown();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/cfg/configurator.h b/cfg/configurator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c9a7f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/configurator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "configurator_wnd.h"
+
+namespace cfg {
+
+    enum class ConfigType {
+        Config,
+        KFControl,
+    };
+
+    // globals
+    extern bool CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE;
+    extern ConfigType CONFIGURATOR_TYPE;
+
+    class Configurator {
+    private:
+        ConfiguratorWindow wnd;
+
+    public:
+
+        Configurator();
+        ~Configurator();
+        void run();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/cfg/configurator_wnd.cpp b/cfg/configurator_wnd.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dac33f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/configurator_wnd.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#include "configurator_wnd.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "build/defs.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+
+#include "icon.h"
+
+static const char *CLASS_NAME = "ConfiguratorWindow";
+static std::string WINDOW_TITLE;
+static int WINDOW_SIZE_X = 800;
+static int WINDOW_SIZE_Y = 600;
+static HICON WINDOW_ICON = LoadIcon(GetModuleHandle(nullptr), MAKEINTRESOURCE(MAINICON));
+
+cfg::ConfiguratorWindow::ConfiguratorWindow() {
+
+    // register the window class
+    WNDCLASS wc {};
+    wc.lpfnWndProc = ConfiguratorWindow::window_proc;
+    wc.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+    wc.lpszClassName = CLASS_NAME;
+    wc.hbrBackground = NULL;
+    wc.hIcon = WINDOW_ICON;
+    RegisterClass(&wc);
+
+    // determine window title
+    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_TYPE == cfg::ConfigType::Config) {
+        WINDOW_TITLE = "spice2x config (" + to_string(VERSION_STRING_CFG) + ")";
+        WINDOW_SIZE_X = 800;
+        WINDOW_SIZE_Y = 600;
+    } else if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_TYPE == cfg::ConfigType::KFControl) {
+        WINDOW_TITLE = "KFControl (" + to_string(VERSION_STRING_CFG) + ")";
+        WINDOW_SIZE_X = 400;
+        WINDOW_SIZE_Y = 316;
+    }
+
+    // open window
+    this->hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
+            0,
+            CLASS_NAME,
+            WINDOW_TITLE.c_str(),
+            WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
+            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
+            NULL,
+            NULL,
+            GetModuleHandle(NULL),
+            (LPVOID) this);
+
+    if (this->hWnd) {
+        overlay::USE_WM_CHAR_FOR_IMGUI_CHAR_INPUT = true;
+    }
+}
+
+cfg::ConfiguratorWindow::~ConfiguratorWindow() {
+
+    // close window
+    DestroyWindow(this->hWnd);
+
+    // unregister class
+    UnregisterClass(CLASS_NAME, GetModuleHandle(NULL));
+}
+
+void cfg::ConfiguratorWindow::run() {
+
+    // show window
+    SetWindowPos(this->hWnd, HWND_TOP, 0, 0, WINDOW_SIZE_X, WINDOW_SIZE_Y, 0);
+    ShowWindow(this->hWnd, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+    UpdateWindow(this->hWnd);
+
+    // draw overlay in 60 FPS
+    SetTimer(this->hWnd, 1, 1000 / 60, nullptr);
+
+    // window loop
+    BOOL ret;
+    MSG msg;
+    while ((ret = GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0)) != 0) {
+        if (ret == -1) {
+            break;
+        } else {
+            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+LRESULT CALLBACK cfg::ConfiguratorWindow::window_proc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+    switch (uMsg) {
+        case WM_CHAR: {
+
+            // input characters if overlay is active
+            if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->has_focus()) {
+                overlay::OVERLAY->input_char((unsigned int) wParam);
+                return true;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_CREATE: {
+
+            // set user data of window to class pointer
+            auto create_struct = reinterpret_cast<LPCREATESTRUCT>(lParam);
+            SetWindowLongPtrW(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(create_struct->lpCreateParams));
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_CLOSE:
+        case WM_DESTROY: {
+
+            // exit process
+            launcher::shutdown();
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_TIMER: {
+
+            // update overlay
+            if (overlay::OVERLAY) {
+                overlay::OVERLAY->update();
+                overlay::OVERLAY->set_active(true);
+                overlay::OVERLAY->new_frame();
+                overlay::OVERLAY->render();
+            }
+
+            // repaint window
+            InvalidateRect(hWnd, nullptr, TRUE);
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_ERASEBKGND: {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        case WM_PAINT: {
+
+            // render overlay
+            if (overlay::OVERLAY) {
+
+                // get pixel data
+                int width, height;
+                uint32_t *pixel_data = overlay::OVERLAY->sw_get_pixel_data(&width, &height);
+                if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
+
+                    // create bitmap
+                    HBITMAP bitmap = CreateBitmap(width, height, 1, 8 * sizeof(uint32_t), pixel_data);
+
+                    // prepare paint
+                    PAINTSTRUCT paint{};
+                    HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &paint);
+                    HDC hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
+                    SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
+
+                    // draw bitmap
+                    SelectObject(hdcMem, bitmap);
+                    BitBlt(hdc, paint.rcPaint.left, paint.rcPaint.top,
+                            paint.rcPaint.right - paint.rcPaint.left,
+                            paint.rcPaint.bottom - paint.rcPaint.top,
+                            hdcMem, paint.rcPaint.left, paint.rcPaint.top, SRCCOPY);
+
+                    // delete bitmap
+                    DeleteObject(bitmap);
+
+                    // clean up
+                    DeleteDC(hdcMem);
+                    EndPaint(hWnd, &paint);
+                } else {
+                    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+                }
+            } else {
+                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/cfg/configurator_wnd.h b/cfg/configurator_wnd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..561b80e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/configurator_wnd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace cfg {
+
+    class ConfiguratorWindow {
+    public:
+
+        HWND hWnd;
+
+        ConfiguratorWindow();
+        ~ConfiguratorWindow();
+
+        void run();
+
+        static LRESULT CALLBACK window_proc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/cfg/game.cpp b/cfg/game.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a53ffa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/game.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+#include "game.h"
+
+/////////////////////////
+/// Private Functions ///
+/////////////////////////
+
+// add button items
+void Game::addItem(Button button) {
+    this->buttons.push_back(std::move(button));
+}
+
+// add analog items
+void Game::addItem(Analog analog) {
+    this->analogs.push_back(std::move(analog));
+}
+
+// add light items
+void Game::addItem(Light light) {
+    this->lights.push_back(std::move(light));
+}
+
+// add option items
+void Game::addItem(Option option) {
+    this->options.push_back(std::move(option));
+}
diff --git a/cfg/game.h b/cfg/game.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adb1a85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/game.h
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <typeinfo>
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "button.h"
+#include "analog.h"
+#include "light.h"
+#include "option.h"
+#include "external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h"
+
+class Game {
+public:
+    explicit Game(std::string game_name) : game_name(std::move(game_name)) {};
+
+    /*
+    template<typename T, typename... Rest>
+    Game(std::string gameName) : gameName(std::move(gameName)) {};
+    */
+
+    ~Game() = default;
+
+    inline const std::string &getGameName() const {
+        return this->game_name;
+    };
+
+    inline std::vector<std::string> &getDLLNames() {
+        return this->dll_names;
+    }
+
+    inline void addDLLName(std::string dll_name) {
+        this->dll_names.push_back(std::move(dll_name));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    void addItems(T t) {
+        this->addItem(t);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T, typename... Rest>
+    void addItems(T t, Rest... rest) {
+        this->addItem(t);
+        this->addItems(rest...);
+    }
+
+    inline std::vector<Button> &getButtons() {
+        return this->buttons;
+    }
+    inline const std::vector<Button> &getButtons() const {
+        return this->buttons;
+    }
+    inline std::vector<Analog> &getAnalogs() {
+        return this->analogs;
+    }
+    inline const std::vector<Analog> &getAnalogs() const {
+        return this->analogs;
+    }
+    inline std::vector<Light> &getLights() {
+        return this->lights;
+    }
+    inline const std::vector<Light> &getLights() const {
+        return this->lights;
+    }
+    inline std::vector<Option> &getOptions() {
+        return this->options;
+    }
+    inline const std::vector<Option> &getOptions() const {
+        return this->options;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::string game_name;
+    std::vector<std::string> dll_names;
+    std::vector<Button> buttons;
+    std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+    std::vector<Light> lights;
+    std::vector<Option> options;
+
+    void addItem(Button button);
+    void addItem(Analog analog);
+    void addItem(Light light);
+    void addItem(Option option);
+};
diff --git a/cfg/icon.h b/cfg/icon.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3fcffe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/icon.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define MAINICON 20
diff --git a/cfg/icon.ico b/cfg/icon.ico
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c3999e0
Binary files /dev/null and b/cfg/icon.ico differ
diff --git a/cfg/icon.rc b/cfg/icon.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8084c2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/icon.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "icon.h"
+
+MAINICON ICON "icon.ico"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cfg/light.cpp b/cfg/light.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b1c018c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/light.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "light.h"
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "rawinput/piuio.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "rawinput/sextet.h"
+#include "rawinput/smxstage.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+std::string Light::getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager* manager) {
+
+    // get index string
+    std::string index_string = fmt::format("{:#x}", index);
+
+    // device must be existing
+    if (this->deviceIdentifier.empty()) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    // get device
+    auto device = manager->devices_get(this->deviceIdentifier);
+    if (!device) {
+        return "Device missing (" + index_string + ")";
+    }
+
+    // return string based on device type
+    switch (device->type) {
+        case rawinput::HID: {
+            auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+            unsigned int hid_index = index;
+
+            // check button output caps
+            if (hid_index < hid->button_output_caps_names.size()) {
+                return hid->button_output_caps_names[hid_index] +
+                       " (" + index_string + " - " + device->desc + ")";
+            } else {
+                hid_index -= hid->button_output_caps_names.size();
+            }
+
+            // check value output caps
+            if (hid_index < hid->value_output_caps_names.size()) {
+                return hid->value_output_caps_names[hid_index] +
+                       " (" + index_string + " - " + device->desc + ")";
+            }
+
+            // not found
+            return "Invalid Light (" + index_string + ")";
+        }
+        case rawinput::SEXTET_OUTPUT: {
+
+            // get light name of sextet device
+            if (index < rawinput::SextetDevice::LIGHT_COUNT) {
+                return rawinput::SextetDevice::LIGHT_NAMES[index] + " (" + index_string + ")";
+            }
+
+            // not found
+            return "Invalid Sextet Light (" + index_string + ")";
+        }
+        case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE: {
+
+            // get light name of PIUIO device
+            if (index < rawinput::PIUIO::PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_LIGHTS) {
+                return rawinput::PIUIO::LIGHT_NAMES[index] + " (" + index_string + ")";
+            }
+
+            return "Invalid PIUIO Light (" + index_string + ")";
+        }
+        case rawinput::SMX_STAGE: {
+
+            // get light name of SMX Stage device
+            if (index < rawinput::SmxStageDevice::TOTAL_LIGHT_COUNT) {
+                return rawinput::SmxStageDevice::GetLightNameByIndex(index) + " (" + index_string + ")";
+            }
+
+            return "Invalid SMX Stage Light (" + index_string + ")";
+        }
+        case rawinput::DESTROYED:
+            return "Unplugged device (" + index_string + ")";
+        default:
+            return "Unknown Light (" + index_string + ")";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/cfg/light.h b/cfg/light.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..740fd7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/light.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace rawinput {
+    class RawInputManager;
+}
+
+class Light {
+private:
+    std::vector<Light> alternatives;
+    std::string lightName;
+    std::string deviceIdentifier = "";
+    unsigned int index = 0;
+
+public:
+    float last_state = 0.f;
+
+    // overrides
+    bool override_enabled = false;
+    float override_state = 0.f;
+
+    explicit Light(std::string lightName) : lightName(std::move(lightName)) {};
+
+    std::string getDisplayString(rawinput::RawInputManager* manager);
+
+    inline std::vector<Light> &getAlternatives() {
+        return this->alternatives;
+    }
+
+    inline bool isSet() const {
+        if (this->override_enabled) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (!this->deviceIdentifier.empty()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        for (auto &alternative : this->alternatives) {
+            if (!alternative.deviceIdentifier.empty()) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    inline const std::string &getName() const {
+        return this->lightName;
+    }
+
+    inline const std::string &getDeviceIdentifier() const {
+        return this->deviceIdentifier;
+    }
+
+    inline void setDeviceIdentifier(std::string deviceIdentifier) {
+        this->deviceIdentifier = std::move(deviceIdentifier);
+    }
+
+    inline unsigned int getIndex() const {
+        return this->index;
+    }
+
+    inline void setIndex(unsigned int index) {
+        this->index = index;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/cfg/manifest.h b/cfg/manifest.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a71d4c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/manifest.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define CREATEPROCESS_MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1
+#define RT_MANIFEST 24
diff --git a/cfg/manifest.manifest b/cfg/manifest.manifest
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..813e32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/manifest.manifest
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
+<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0">
+    <assemblyIdentity
+            version="1.0.0.0"
+            processorArchitecture="*"
+            name="spicecfg.exe"
+            type="win32"
+    />
+    <description>spice2x config</description>
+    <dependency>
+        <dependentAssembly>
+            <assemblyIdentity
+                    type="win32"
+                    name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
+                    version="6.0.0.0"
+                    processorArchitecture="*"
+                    publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
+                    language="*"
+            />
+        </dependentAssembly>
+    </dependency>
+    <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2">
+            <security>
+                <requestedPrivileges>
+                    <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false"/>
+                </requestedPrivileges>
+            </security>
+    </trustInfo>
+</assembly>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/cfg/manifest.rc b/cfg/manifest.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c89fb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/manifest.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#include "manifest.h"
+#include "winuser.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+CREATEPROCESS_MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "manifest.manifest"
+#endif
+
+1 VERSIONINFO
+FILEVERSION     1,0,0,0
+PRODUCTVERSION  1,0,0,0
+BEGIN
+    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        BLOCK "080904E4"
+        BEGIN
+            VALUE "CompanyName", ""
+            VALUE "FileDescription", "SpiceTools Configuration Utility"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "1.0.0.0"
+            VALUE "InternalName", "spicecfg"
+            VALUE "LegalCopyright", ""
+            VALUE "OriginalFilename", "spicecfg.exe"
+            VALUE "ProductName", "SpiceTools Configuration"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "1.0.0.0"
+        END
+    END
+    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        VALUE "Translation", 0x809, 1252
+    END
+END
diff --git a/cfg/option.cpp b/cfg/option.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9197571
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/option.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "option.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+void Option::value_add(std::string new_value) {
+
+    // put in primary slot if possible
+    if (this->value.empty()) {
+        this->value = std::move(new_value);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // add new alternative
+    this->alternatives.emplace_back(this->definition, std::move(new_value));
+}
+
+bool Option::has_alternatives() const {
+    return !this->alternatives.empty();
+}
+
+bool Option::value_bool() const {
+    if (this->definition.type != OptionType::Bool) {
+        log_fatal("option", "value_bool() called on {}/{}", this->definition.title, this->definition.type);
+    }
+    return !this->value.empty();
+}
+
+const std::string &Option::value_text() const {
+    if (this->definition.type != OptionType::Text && this->definition.type != OptionType::Enum) {
+        log_fatal("option", "value_text() called on {}/{}", this->definition.title, this->definition.type);
+    }
+    return this->value;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> Option::values() const {
+    std::vector<std::string> values;
+
+    if (!this->is_active()) {
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    values.push_back(this->value);
+
+    for (auto &alt : this->alternatives) {
+        if (alt.is_active()) {
+            values.push_back(alt.value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return values;
+}
+
+std::vector<std::string> Option::values_text() const {
+    std::vector<std::string> values;
+
+    if (!this->is_active()) {
+        return values;
+    }
+
+    values.push_back(this->value_text());
+
+    for (auto &alt : this->alternatives) {
+        if (alt.is_active()) {
+            values.push_back(alt.value_text());
+        }
+    }
+
+    return values;
+}
+
+uint32_t Option::value_uint32() const {
+    if (this->definition.type != OptionType::Integer && this->definition.type != OptionType::Enum) {
+        log_fatal("option", "invalid call: value_uint32() called on {}/{}", this->definition.title, this->definition.type);
+        return 0;
+    }
+    char *p;
+    auto res = strtol(this->value.c_str(), &p, 10);
+    if (*p) {
+        log_fatal("option", "failed to convert {} to unsigned integer (option: {})", this->value, this->definition.title);
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        return res;
+    }
+}
+
+uint64_t Option::value_hex64() const {
+    if (this->definition.type != OptionType::Hex) {
+        log_fatal("option", "invalid call: value_hex() called on {}/{}", this->definition.title, this->definition.type);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t affinity = 0;
+    try {
+        affinity = std::stoull(this->value.c_str(), nullptr, 16);
+    } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
+        log_fatal("option", "failed to parse {} as hexadecimal (option: {})", this->value, this->definition.title);
+    }
+    return affinity;
+}
+
+bool Option::search_match(const std::string &query_in_lower_case) {
+    if (this->search_string.empty()) {
+        const auto &param =
+            this->definition.display_name.empty() ?
+                this->definition.name : this->definition.display_name;
+
+        const auto s = this->definition.title + " -" + param;
+        this->search_string = strtolower(s);
+    }
+    return this->search_string.find(query_in_lower_case) != std::string::npos;
+}
diff --git a/cfg/option.h b/cfg/option.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4bf6db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/option.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+enum class OptionType {
+    Bool,
+    Text,
+    Integer,
+    Enum,
+    Hex,
+};
+
+struct OptionDefinition {
+    std::string title;
+    // unique identifier used for flag matching but also stored in config files
+    // (should not be changed once published for compat)
+    std::string name;
+    // what's displayed in the UI/logs as the flag name
+    std::string display_name = "";
+    // slash-delimited list of strings that also work as flag
+    std::string aliases = "";
+    // what's displayed in the UI/logs as the tooltip
+    std::string desc;
+    OptionType type;
+    bool hidden = false;
+    std::string setting_name = "";
+    std::string game_name = "";
+    std::string category = "Development";
+    bool sensitive = false;
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> elements = {};
+    bool disabled = false;
+};
+
+class Option {
+private:
+    OptionDefinition definition;
+    std::string search_string;
+
+public:
+    std::string value;
+    std::vector<Option> alternatives;
+    bool disabled = false;
+
+    explicit Option(OptionDefinition definition, std::string value = "") :
+        definition(std::move(definition)), value(std::move(value)) {
+    };
+
+    inline const OptionDefinition &get_definition() const {
+        return this->definition;
+    }
+    inline void set_definition(OptionDefinition definition) {
+        this->definition = std::move(definition);
+    }
+
+    inline bool is_active() const {
+        return !this->value.empty();
+    }
+
+    void value_add(std::string new_value);
+
+    bool has_alternatives() const;
+    bool value_bool() const;
+    const std::string &value_text() const;
+    std::vector<std::string> values() const;
+    std::vector<std::string> values_text() const;
+    uint32_t value_uint32() const;
+    uint64_t value_hex64() const;
+    bool search_match(const std::string &query_in_lower_case);
+};
diff --git a/cfg/resource.h b/cfg/resource.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce6886f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/resource.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define IDR_CHANGELOG                   130
+#define IDR_LICENSES                    131
+#define IDR_PATCHES                     132
+#define IDR_README                      133
+#define IDR_DSEGFONT                    134
diff --git a/cfg/screen_resize.cpp b/cfg/screen_resize.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47d2c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/screen_resize.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+#include "screen_resize.h"
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/pointer.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+
+namespace cfg {
+
+    // globals
+    std::unique_ptr<cfg::ScreenResize> SCREENRESIZE;
+    std::optional<std::string> SCREEN_RESIZE_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE;
+
+    ScreenResize::ScreenResize() {
+        if (SCREEN_RESIZE_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE.has_value()) {
+            this->config_path = SCREEN_RESIZE_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE.value();
+        } else {
+            this->config_path = std::filesystem::path(_wgetenv(L"APPDATA")) / L"spicetools_screen_resize.json";
+        }
+        if (fileutils::file_exists(this->config_path)) {
+            this->config_load();
+        }
+    }
+
+    ScreenResize::~ScreenResize() {
+    }
+    
+    void ScreenResize::config_load() {
+        log_info("ScreenResize", "loading config: {}", this->config_path.string());
+
+        std::string config = fileutils::text_read(this->config_path);
+        if (config.empty()) {
+            log_info("ScreenResize", "config is empty");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // parse document
+        rapidjson::Document doc;
+        doc.Parse(config.c_str());
+
+        // check parse error
+        auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+        if (error) {
+            log_warning("ScreenResize", "config parse error: {}", error);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // verify root is a dict
+        if (!doc.IsObject()) {
+            log_warning("ScreenResize", "config not found");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        bool use_game_setting = false;
+
+        std::string root("/");
+        // try to find game-specific setting, if one exists
+        {
+            const auto game = rapidjson::Pointer("/sp2x_games/" + eamuse_get_game()).Get(doc);
+            if (game && game->IsObject()) {
+                use_game_setting = true;
+                root = "/sp2x_games/" + eamuse_get_game() + "/";
+            }
+        }
+
+        log_misc(
+            "ScreenResize",
+            "Loading fullscreen image settings. Game = {}, is_global = {}, JSON path: {}",
+            eamuse_get_game(),
+            use_game_setting,
+            root);
+        load_int_value(doc, root + "offset_x", this->offset_x);
+        load_int_value(doc, root + "offset_y", this->offset_y);
+        load_float_value(doc, root + "scale_x", this->scale_x);
+        load_float_value(doc, root + "scale_y", this->scale_y);
+        load_bool_value(doc, root + "enable_screen_resize", this->enable_screen_resize);
+        load_bool_value(doc, root + "enable_linear_filter", this->enable_linear_filter);
+        load_bool_value(doc, root + "keep_aspect_ratio", this->keep_aspect_ratio);
+        load_bool_value(doc, root + "centered", this->centered);
+
+        // windowed settings are always under game settings
+        root = "/sp2x_games/" + eamuse_get_game() + "/";
+        log_misc(
+            "ScreenResize",
+            "Loading window settings. Game = {}, JSON path: {}",
+            eamuse_get_game(),
+            root);
+        load_bool_value(doc, root + "w_always_on_top", this->window_always_on_top);
+        load_bool_value(doc, root + "w_enable_resize", this->enable_window_resize);
+        load_bool_value(doc, root + "w_keep_aspect_ratio", this->client_keep_aspect_ratio);
+        load_int_value(doc, root + "w_border_type", this->window_decoration);
+        load_uint32_value(doc, root + "w_width", this->client_width);
+        load_uint32_value(doc, root + "w_height", this->client_height);
+        load_int_value(doc, root + "w_offset_x", this->window_offset_x);
+        load_int_value(doc, root + "w_offset_y", this->window_offset_y);
+    }
+
+    bool ScreenResize::load_bool_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, bool& value) {
+        const auto v = rapidjson::Pointer(path).Get(doc);
+        if (!v) {
+            log_misc("ScreenResize", "{} not found", path);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!v->IsBool()) {
+            log_warning("ScreenResize", "{} is invalid type", path);
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = v->GetBool();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ScreenResize::load_int_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, int& value) {
+        const auto v = rapidjson::Pointer(path).Get(doc);
+        if (!v) {
+            log_misc("ScreenResize", "{} not found", path);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!v->IsInt()) {
+            log_warning("ScreenResize", "{} is invalid type", path);
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = v->GetInt();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ScreenResize::load_uint32_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, uint32_t& value) {
+        const auto v = rapidjson::Pointer(path).Get(doc);
+        if (!v) {
+            log_misc("ScreenResize", "{} not found", path);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (!v->IsUint()) {
+            log_warning("ScreenResize", "{} is invalid type", path);
+            return false;
+        }
+        value = v->GetUint();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ScreenResize::load_float_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, float& value) {
+        const auto v = rapidjson::Pointer(path).Get(doc);
+        if (!v) {
+            log_misc("ScreenResize", "{} not found", path);
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (v->IsInt()) {
+            value = v->GetInt();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (v->IsDouble()) {
+            value = v->GetDouble();
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (v->IsFloat()) {
+            value = v->GetFloat();
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::config_save() {
+        log_info("ScreenResize", "saving config: {}", this->config_path.string());
+
+        rapidjson::Document doc;
+        std::string config = fileutils::text_read(this->config_path);
+        if (!config.empty()) {
+            doc.Parse(config.c_str());
+            log_misc("ScreenResize", "existing config file found");
+        }
+        if (!doc.IsObject()) {
+            log_misc("ScreenResize", "clearing out config file");
+            doc.SetObject();
+        }
+
+        // always save under per-game settings
+        std::string root("/sp2x_games/" + eamuse_get_game() + "/");
+
+        log_misc(
+            "ScreenResize",
+            "Game = {}, JSON path = {}",
+            eamuse_get_game(),
+            root);
+
+        // full screen image settings
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "offset_x").Set(doc, this->offset_x);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "offset_y").Set(doc, this->offset_y);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "scale_x").Set(doc, this->scale_x);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "scale_y").Set(doc, this->scale_y);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "enable_screen_resize").Set(doc, this->enable_screen_resize);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "enable_linear_filter").Set(doc, this->enable_linear_filter);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "keep_aspect_ratio").Set(doc, this->keep_aspect_ratio);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "centered").Set(doc, this->centered);
+
+        // windowed mode settings
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_always_on_top").Set(doc, this->window_always_on_top);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_enable_resize").Set(doc, this->enable_window_resize);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_keep_aspect_ratio").Set(doc, this->client_keep_aspect_ratio);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_border_type").Set(doc, this->window_decoration);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_width").Set(doc, this->client_width);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_height").Set(doc, this->client_height);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_offset_x").Set(doc, this->window_offset_x);
+        rapidjson::Pointer(root + "w_offset_y").Set(doc, this->window_offset_y);
+
+        // build JSON
+        rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
+        rapidjson::PrettyWriter<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+        doc.Accept(writer);
+
+        // save to file
+        if (fileutils::text_write(this->config_path, buffer.GetString())) {
+            // this->config_dirty = false;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("ScreenResize", "unable to save config file to {}", this->config_path.string());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/cfg/screen_resize.h b/cfg/screen_resize.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2be45dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/screen_resize.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <optional>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+
+namespace cfg {
+
+    enum WindowDecorationMode {
+        Default = 0,
+        Borderless = 1,
+        ResizableFrame = 2
+    };
+
+    extern std::optional<std::string> SCREEN_RESIZE_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE;
+
+    class ScreenResize {
+    private:
+        std::filesystem::path config_path;
+        // bool config_dirty = false;
+
+        bool load_bool_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, bool& value);
+        bool load_int_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, int& value);
+        bool load_uint32_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, uint32_t& value);
+        bool load_float_value(rapidjson::Document& doc, std::string path, float& value);
+
+    public:
+        ScreenResize();
+        ~ScreenResize();
+        
+        // full screen (directx) image settings
+        int offset_x = 0;
+        int offset_y = 0;
+        float scale_x = 1.0;
+        float scale_y = 1.0;
+        bool enable_screen_resize = false;
+        bool enable_linear_filter = true;
+        bool keep_aspect_ratio = true;
+        bool centered = true;
+
+        // windowed mode sizing
+        // Windows terminology:
+        //     window = rectangle including the frame
+        //     client = just the content area without frames.
+        bool window_always_on_top = false;
+        bool client_keep_aspect_ratio = true;
+        bool enable_window_resize = false;
+        int window_decoration = 0; // enum type WindowDecorationMode
+        uint32_t client_width = 0;
+        uint32_t client_height = 0;
+        int32_t window_offset_x = 0;
+        int32_t window_offset_y = 0;
+
+        // these are not saved by config, but used by window management
+        uint32_t init_client_width = 0;
+        uint32_t init_client_height = 0;
+        float init_client_aspect_ratio = 1.f;
+        uint32_t init_window_style = 0;
+        uint32_t window_deco_width = 0;
+        uint32_t window_deco_height = 0;
+
+        void config_load();
+        void config_save();
+    };
+
+    // globals
+    extern std::unique_ptr<cfg::ScreenResize> SCREENRESIZE;
+}
diff --git a/cfg/spicecfg.cpp b/cfg/spicecfg.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5157ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/spicecfg.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include "spicecfg.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <shlwapi.h>
+
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/logger.h"
+#include "launcher/signal.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "util/crypt.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "configurator.h"
+
+// for debugging, set to 1 to allocate console
+#define ALLOC_CONSOLE 0
+
+int spicecfg_run(const std::vector<std::string> &sextet_devices) {
+
+    // initialize config
+    auto &config = Config::getInstance();
+    if (!config.getStatus()) {
+        return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    // initialize input
+    RI_MGR = std::make_unique<rawinput::RawInputManager>();
+    RI_MGR->devices_print();
+    for (const auto &device : sextet_devices) {
+        RI_MGR->sextet_register(device);
+    }
+
+    // run configurator
+    cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE = true;
+    cfg::Configurator configurator;
+    configurator.run();
+
+    // success
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef SPICETOOLS_SPICECFG_STANDALONE
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
+#else
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+#endif
+
+    // initialize console
+    if (ALLOC_CONSOLE) {
+        AllocConsole();
+        freopen("conin$", "r", stdin);
+        freopen("conout$", "w", stdout);
+        freopen("conout$", "w", stderr);
+    }
+
+    // run launcher with configurator option
+    cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE = true;
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return main_implementation(__argc, __argv);
+#else
+    return main_implementation(argc, argv);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/cfg/spicecfg.h b/cfg/spicecfg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2e0fb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cfg/spicecfg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+int spicecfg_run(const std::vector<std::string> &sextet_devices);
diff --git a/changelog.txt b/changelog.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5cacee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,593 @@
+08/24/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix Patch Manager failing to import patches when modules path is Unicode
+
+08/22/2024 [spice2x]
+    UI update for Card Manager in overlay
+
+08/12/2024 [spice2x]
+    IIDX TDJ camera - bug fixes
+    Prevent users from accidentally enabling -cfg and -kfcontrol in spicecfg
+
+08/07/2024 [spice2x]
+    IIDX TDJ camera improvements - draw modes (stretch/crop), bug fixes
+
+08/06/2024 [spice2x]
+    IIDX TDJ camera improvements
+        Automatic cropping for 16:9 resolutions
+        Toggle to keep or override camera parameters
+    Fix Unicode path handling for config files
+
+08/03/2024 [spice2x]
+    IIDX TDJ camera improvements
+        Camera control overlay (check Overlay tab)
+        Hardware acceleration for camera rendering
+    IIDX TDJ play record improvements
+        NVENC hooks have been added to fix crash on song start; -nod3d9devhook
+        is no longer required
+
+07/29/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix IIDX TDJ not launching in fullscreen with two monitors
+
+07/28/2024 [spice2x]
+    Add more DLL support for -iidxtdjcamhook
+    Add -iidxtdjcamhookratio and -iidxtdjcamhookoffset
+
+07/25/2024 [spice2x]
+    Add -iidxtdjcamhook option for webcam support in TDJ
+
+07/17/2024 [spice2x]
+    Disable touch feedback indicators
+    Bug fixes
+
+07/15/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix touch and touch emulation in wintouch-based games (Nostalgia, BeatStream...)
+    Fix misaligned SpiceCompanion touches on windowed TDJ subscreen
+    Improvements to TDJ poke feature
+
+07/13/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix windowed TDJ subscreen not accepting mouse clicks after card in
+    Allow windowed TDJ/UFC subscreen to minimize, but not close
+
+07/10/2024 [spice2x]
+    Better gfdm XG2 and XG3 support
+    IIDX TDJ windowed mode rendering improvements
+    IIDX TDJ subscreen poke feature
+    CardIO NumLock toggle option
+    Patch manager UI tweaks
+
+07/06/2024 [spice2x]
+    Reliability improvements for config file saving
+    Experimental and incomplete support for gfdm XG3
+    Option to specify path for screen resize config
+    Reflec Beat: fix being unable to type into overlay
+
+07/03/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix SMX stage compatibility
+    Patch manager: log header in patches JSON, better error handling
+
+06/26/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix MDX-003 not retrieving patches from online source
+
+06/22/2024 [spice2x]
+    Reliability & performance improvements for auto-card-insert
+    Update -sdvxnosub to prevent creation of subscreen in windowed mode
+    Bug fixes
+
+06/20/2024 [spice2x]
+    Improve experience for windowed SDVX UFC (always launch subscreen window)
+    Add Delay option in analog binds
+    Fix pop'n soft-lock with auto card insert
+    Fix -graphics-single-adapter not working in Beatstream/Nostalgia
+
+06/14/2024 [spice2x]
+    Improve experience for touch-enabled games in windowed mode (SpiceTouch)
+
+06/08/2024 [spice2x]
+    Patch manager bug fixes
+
+06/03/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix patch status not being saved properly
+    Search tab for finding options
+    
+06/02/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix BBC and Museca hang on boot when COM ports are present
+    Deprecate -iidxtdjw (use -iidxtdj and -w together instead)
+
+05/31/2024 [spice2x]
+    Redesign patches tab
+    Bug fixes for patches.json parsing
+
+05/29/2024 [spice2x]
+    Add support for "number" patch type
+    History for remote patch URLs
+
+05/28/2024 [spice2x]
+    Update -iidxtdjw to hide useless second window
+
+05/27/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix -apiserial crashing when -apiserialbaud is not provided
+    Suppress "failed to acquire subscreen" error when not relevant
+
+05/22/2024 [spice2x]
+    Add caution string to patches.json format
+    Paste from clipboard button for URL patches import
+
+05/12/2024 [spice2x]
+    Disable URL patch importing in-game
+    UI tweaks for importing patches
+
+05/05/2024 [spice2x]
+    UI tweaks for importing patches
+    Add aliases for arguments with -sp2x prefix
+
+05/04/2024 [spice2x]
+    New patch JSON format, importing patches from URL
+    Add Process Efficiency Class option for hetero CPUs
+
+04/29/2024 [spice2x]
+    Move -vr to be DANCERUSH only option
+    Fix being unable to type into overlay when -nolegacy is on
+
+04/08/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix Discord rich presence app IDs
+
+03/31/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix IC CARD UNIT ERROR in UFC when COM ports are present
+
+03/24/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix Ongaku Paradise crash on boot due to VFS redirection
+    Address all compiler warnings
+
+03/17/2024 [spice2x]
+    SMX pad lights output
+    Fix DDR pad input for P4IO / BIO2
+    Option aliases for IIDX/SDVX subscreen disable
+
+03/16/2024 [spice2x]
+    I/O for DDR white cabinet type (P4IO)
+    Remove background animation from configurator
+    Compiler updates
+
+03/06/2024 [spice2x]
+    Lights output for DDR gold cabinet type
+
+02/13/2024 [spice2x]
+    Fix lights not updating over API in configurator
+    CCJ mouse trackball improvements
+    Make IIDX/SDVX native touch the default when -sp2x-nod3d9devhook is on
+    Remove log spam in IIDX
+
+02/02/2024 [spice2x]
+    Add missing NVCUDA stubs for cuStreamCreate and cuStreamDestroy_v2
+
+02/01/2024 [spice2x]
+    QuizKnock STADIUM support
+    Busou Shinki analog joystick support
+
+01/30/2024 [spice2x]
+    Add woofer lights to popn HD mode
+    Prevent crash when both -graphics-force-single-adapter and
+        -sp2x-nod3d9devhook are enabled
+
+01/27/2024 [spice2x]
+    Add Disable D3D9 Device Hook option (-sp2x-nod3d9devhook)
+
+01/20/2024 [spice2x]
+    Force Exit overlay hotkey
+    Improve Low Latency Audio to work with more games
+    Charge Machine I/O fixes
+    UI tweaks (API tab, Development tab)
+
+01/07/2024 [spice2x]
+    Chase Chase Jokers improvements (trackball and vsync fix)
+
+01/06/2024 [spice2x]
+    Chase Chase Jokers improvements (cmd line args, trackball sensitivity)
+
+01/05/2024 [spice2x]
+    Chase Chase Jokers support
+
+01/01/2024 [spice2x]
+    UI tweaks - menu bar in configurator window
+    IIDX: scan for SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE in binary and log message
+    Switch from -Ofast to -O2
+    Remove ImGui demo and debug files from release (reduced binary size)
+
+12/30/2023 [spice2x]
+    Add NVAPI Block option (-sp2x-nonvapi)
+    SDVX: Auto Card Insert disables itself after a timeout to prevent soft lock
+
+12/27/2023 [spice2x]
+    Prevent SDVX from dumping PATH variable to log
+    Stubs for NVIDIA DLLs (nvcuda.dll, nvcuvid.dll, nvEncodeAPI64.dll)
+    UI tweaks
+
+12/25/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix Lock Cursor option not updating capture area in windowed mode
+    Update TDJ rom file hooks
+
+12/23/2023 [spice2x]
+    Remove the need for hex edits to fix note scroll speed in SDVX VM on NVIDIA
+    Improvements to -graphics-force-refresh
+
+12/22/2023 [spice2x]
+    HID analog relative axis mode
+    Automatic process affinity fix for Gitadora
+    Fix -cfgpath option not working
+    Buttons tab UI fix for Bind Many
+
+12/18/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix Road Fighters 3D I/O error on boot
+
+12/17/2023 [spice2x]
+    Integer multiplier / divisor for HID analog
+        (alternative to existing sensitivity option)
+
+12/15/2023 [spice2x]
+    Add hooks to prevent display scaling changes when SDVX launches
+
+12/12/2023 [spice2x]
+    Add support for keypad in SDVX UFC/VM mode
+    New DX9on12 flag with more options (-sp2x-dx9on12, replaces -9on12)
+
+12/11/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix crash at launch on AMD/Intel GPUs when nvapi DLL is present
+
+12/09/2023 [spice2x]
+    Lights output for Gitadora
+    Lights output for DRS
+    Tape LED averaging algorithm option (-sp2x-tapeledalgo)
+    Fix occasional crash on shutdown
+
+11/23/2023 [spice2x]
+    Low latency shared audio option (-sp2x-lowlatencysharedaudio)
+    Automatic dev/raw/* folder creation for popn19-21
+    Move overlay bindings to Overlay tab
+
+11/17/2023 [spice2x]
+    Use E00401 prefix for card number generation
+    Volume API hooks to prevent audio volume change (enabled by default)
+    Small UI tweaks
+
+11/15/2023 [spice2x]
+    Automatic card insert option (-sp2x-autocard)
+    Dump CPU features to log on startup
+
+11/12/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix crash in some games caused by linker changes in 2022
+        (Gitadora Exchain and older, Bone Eater, etc)
+    Add IIDX native touch option (-sp2x-iidxnativetouch)
+    Fix V-Sync issues with auto-screen-orientation
+
+11/04/2023 [spice2x]
+    Option for NVIDIA GPU optimization (-sp2x-nvprofile)
+    SmartCard fixes (for -scardflip and -scardtoggle)
+    Small reorganization of options in configurator
+
+10/30/2023 [spice2x]
+    Add touch input support for DRS
+    Add TDJ Windowed mode for IIDX (-sp2x-iidxtdjw)
+    Fix -iidxasio not working in some versions of IIDX
+
+10/22/2023 [spice2x]
+    Add E-spec I/O emulation for IIDX 30+
+    Fix IIDX TDJ launching at 60Hz for some users
+    Add workaround for buggy ASIO drivers that lock up on close
+    Hide Insert Card overlay by default, add option to show it again
+
+09/29/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix subscreen not updating in certain versions of EG.
+    Detect long paths and log a warning message.
+
+06/08/2023 [spice2x]
+    Improved touch support for Jubeat and Reflec Beat.
+
+04/23/2023 [spice2x]
+    Update -iidxsounddevice to automatically pick a value (wasapi in most cases)
+
+04/21/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix spicecfg not launching in some specific cases
+
+04/20/2023 [spice2x]
+    Update font for IIDX segment display
+    New option: auto show FPS window
+
+04/16/2023 [spice2x]
+    New feature: window resize. Added new options to change window size and
+        position on launch. Screen Resize window (F11) also updated with new
+        controls
+    Screen Resize settings are now per-game
+    Misc bug fixes
+
+04/09/2023 [spice2x]
+    Add IIDX LED ticker (segment display) as subscreen overlay for LDJ
+    Add I/O panel window for all games, special support for IIDX, DDR, GFDM
+    Add options to automatically show certain windows on game launch
+
+04/03/2023 [spice2x]
+    Move/resize for IIDX/SDVX subscreen overlay window
+    New options to control subscreen overlay window
+    Turn common config mistakes into fatal error messages
+    Various bug fixes for touch handling
+    Revert "pop'n launching at desktop refresh rate" hack from 03/30/2023
+
+03/30/2023 [spice2x]
+    New option: IIDX Force Definition Type HD (720p)
+    New option: process priority
+    Fix pop'n launching at desktop refresh rate
+    Lower logger thread priority to reduce stutters
+    Misc bug fixes
+
+03/25/2023 [spice2x]
+    Screen Resize UI update (F11)
+    FPS UI update (F12)
+    New option: processor affinity
+    Misc bug fixes
+
+03/20/2023 [spice2x]
+    ASIO device override for SDVX (experimental)
+    Fix subscreen overlay for SDVX in Valkyrie mode using BI2X I/O
+    Update text for touch and audio config options
+    UI tweaks and minor bug fixes
+
+03/17/2023 [spice2x]
+    Disable UPX (file sizes will be larger)
+    Fix regression from 2022 that prevented early patches
+        from being loaded properly (such as audio hex edits)
+    New option: HID lighting brightness
+    New option: display auto-rotate direction
+    New option: custom sleep duration
+
+03/15/2023 [spice2x]
+    Improve IIDX TT+/- handling (allow alternate key bind)
+    Fix SpiceCompanion touch targets for TDJ FHD
+    Config UI tweaks
+
+03/13/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix TDJ FHD launching at wrong refresh rate
+    New IIDX/SDVX options for TT/knob sensitivity when using digital input
+
+03/12/2023 [spice2x]
+    Fix mouse input for SDVX EG subscreen overlay
+    New unified layout for Options tab
+    Allow multiple DLLs in Inject Hook field
+
+03/11/2023 [spice2x]
+    Beginning of spice2x fork, based on another fork
+    Ensure TDJ mode runs at 1080p@120Hz for newer games
+    Fix IIDX subscreen overlay in FHD mode
+    Gracefully deal with bad ea3-config.xml
+
+04/02/2022 - Add lua scripting
+             Add button edit dialog
+             Add button debounce/invert settings
+             Add bind many function
+             Misc bug fixes
+12/28/2021 - Add DirectX 9On12 wrapper option
+             Add analog deadzone settings
+             Fix SSL handshaking failed issue
+             Misc bug fixes
+12/19/2021 - Force single graphics adapter option
+             Performance improvements
+             Misc bug fixes
+10/12/2021 - Ongaku Paradise support
+             Fixed memory leak in Windows 8+ touch handler
+             Fix Gitadora two channel fix for Nextage
+             Fix Charge Machine touch window position
+             IIDX 19 support
+04/02/2021 - Charge Machine support
+             Fix "unsupported fs type" endless loop
+             Misc bug fixes
+03/01/2021 - Add DDR HD speaker lights
+             Automatic /dev/nvram and /dev/raw creation for AVS 2.17 and later
+             Fix FlexASIO crash introduced in previous release
+             Fix overlay crash from ImGui navigation button handling
+             Fix AVS configuration reading with binary files
+             Add AVS VFS drive remapping for E: and F:
+             Improve XP compatibility
+             Force dummy audio when using ASIO backend
+             Misc bug fixes
+12/30/2020 - Metal Gear Arcade lights and fixes
+             Misc bug fixes
+12/11/2020 - Fix patch manager crashing on invalid address
+             Automatic /dev/nvram and /dev/raw creation for AVS 2.16 and prior
+             Analog sensitivity improvements
+             Locale improvements
+             Misc bug fixes
+10/27/2020 - Screen Capture support
+             IIDX TDJ support
+             Updated patches
+             Misc bug fixes
+10/13/2020 - Configurator patches tab
+             KFControl fix cursor wrap
+             Screen resize window
+             Misc bug fixes
+10/03/2020 - Add KFControl
+             Misc bug fixes
+09/27/2020 - Reflec limelight & colette (LBR) support
+             LovePlus lights support
+             Fix module loading when spice(64).exe is outside contents
+             Ignore touchpad HID devices in touchscreen detection
+             Keypad bindings
+             SSL support
+             Analog knob preview
+06/15/2020 - QMA physical keyboard support
+             Misc bug fixes
+05/19/2020 - Alternate audio backends for exclusive-mode applications
+             Fix screenshot handler crash in KMA and LMA
+             MessageBox hooks (stops fullscreen windows from losing focus)
+04/25/2020 - pop'n music 19 & 20 support
+             DDR X2 support
+             pop'n & HPM HDMI fix
+             Misc additions, fixes
+03/13/2020 - Misc bug fixes and improvements
+03/10/2020 - Winning Eleven support
+03/04/2020 - Tenkaichi Shogikai support
+             Otoca D'or support
+             Misc bug fixes
+02/29/2020 - MIDI hotplugging / overlay
+             Misc bug fixes
+02/04/2020 - Configurator options tab
+             Overlay button bindings
+             Card generator
+             Misc bug fixes
+01/22/2020 - Audio improvements
+             SDVX print overwrite option
+             PNM HD/SD options
+             Window icons
+             Misc improvements
+01/11/2020 - New Config Utility (F4)
+             Audio Hooks
+             Misc bug fixes
+01/03/2020 - DANCERUSH STARDOM support
+             Chinese SDVX support
+             Nostalgia OP2 support
+             LayeredFS now complete
+             Misc bug fixes
+11/26/2019 - LayeredFS integration
+             Misc bug fixes
+11/17/2019 - Screenshots (PrtScr Key)
+             DLL Architecture detection
+             SCard Felica support
+             Improve MIDI performance
+             Fix bt5api error handling
+             Fix XP support
+11/05/2019 - Gitadora XG3 support
+             Guitar motor support
+             Gitadora cabinet setting
+             DDR HD->SD light support
+             ESP8266/NodeMCU API support
+             Misc bug fixes
+10/13/2019 - Serial API support
+             Fullscreen monitor setting
+             Misc bug fixes
+09/30/2019 - Fixed verbose D3D9 logging
+             MiniMaid support
+             EA-Dev functions
+             Metal Gear bug fixes
+09/26/2019 - Steel Chronicle support
+             ACIO buffer view/editor
+             Misc bug fixes
+09/21/2019 - IIDX Effector View
+             Performance improvements
+             PCBID now hidden in log file
+             Misc bug fixes
+09/16/2019 - Introducing SpiceOverlay
+             - Virtual Keypads/Cards
+             - Patch Manager
+             - FPS/Log/Control Windows
+             Pop'n Music fancy window mode
+             Optional app-config.xml
+             Misc improvements
+             Misc bug fixes
+09/09/2019 - DDR BIO2 support
+             NVIDIA Optimus support
+             Reflec Beat faster loading
+             Performance improvements
+             Misc bug fixes
+08/24/2019 - Automatic G-Sync disable
+             Fixed Scotto inverted keypad
+             Fixed SDVX Gen1 input drops
+             Performance improvements
+08/19/2019 - Scotto support
+             Mahjong Fight Club support
+             FutureTomTom Kinect fix
+             Fixed AVS heap size defaults
+             Fixed signal hook crash
+             Fixed early boot logging
+08/14/2019 - HELLO! Pop'n Music lights
+             Improve performance
+08/13/2019 - Add -cfgpath option
+             Misc additions/fixes
+08/10/2019 - HELLO! Pop'n Music support
+             LovePlus support
+             Discord Rich Presence support
+             API shutdown/reboot
+             Add -nolegacy option
+             Colored logging
+07/31/2019 - QMA windowed mode fix
+             QMA network check fix
+             Logging improvements
+07/22/2019 - DDR SD mode reader fix
+             Misc bugs fixed with ACIO
+             Beatstream lights/mouse
+             Beatstream -ea support
+07/19/2019 - FutureTomTom support
+             Reflec Beat lights
+             Dance Evolution lights
+             Nostalgia lights
+             SuperExit on ALT-F4
+07/16/2019 - Hook DLLs load earlier
+             Heap size argument alias
+             API restart function
+             SmartEA cmd line option
+             Reader keypad support
+             Initial MFC support
+             Misc bug fixes
+06/22/2019 - Touchpad button binding fix
+             MIDI buttons/analogs support
+             Misc bug fixes
+05/18/2019 - API WebSocket support
+05/16/2019 - Device Hotplugging
+             USB-Stick card inserts
+             Cursor capture fix
+             EA server fix for old AVS
+05/07/2019 - Reflec 1 support
+             Gitadora custom PCBID
+             Touchscreen improvements
+             Touchscreen support on XP
+             Higher RB input polling rate
+             L/R-Shift/Control support
+04/13/2019 - DDR SD Mode lights
+             Sextet (LIT Board) support
+             PIUIO hardware support
+             Windowed mode improvements
+03/14/2019 - IIDX API module
+             EA server maintenance toggle
+             SDVX BI2A support
+02/19/2019 - Network API server
+             Run outside of modules dir
+             Misc bug fixes
+01/27/2019 - Jubeat Knit support
+             Quiz Magic Academy support
+             Museca/Jubeat lights
+             Smartcard NumLock toggle
+01/11/2019 - Open Source!
+             Jubeat Copious support
+             Bishi Bashi Channel support
+             PacDrive/PocketVoltex support
+             KBT/KLD now are optional
+             Stacktraces, quiet crash
+             Huge code refactoring
+             Stability improvements/fixes
+11/03/2018 - IIDX 25 (io, cams, light)
+             IIDX effector bindings
+             HID lighting output support
+             Button Multibinding
+             HID readers e.g. zyp's cardio
+             Bug fixes as usual
+08/17/2018 - DDR X3, Nostalgia, Network
+06/25/2018 - HID smartcard readers
+06/10/2018 - DDR support
+06/07/2018 - Gitadora/HID/EA bug fixes
+05/18/2018 - Gitadora and MIDI devices
+05/07/2018 - Support for hat switches
+04/21/2018 - Card path configuration
+04/09/2018 - HID/Analog/RawInput support
+03/13/2018 - SDVX printer, felica, BT5API
+01/23/2018 - MUSECA analog slowdown, fixes
+01/21/2018 - Many fixed bugs/crashes
+11/15/2017 - Fixed the MUSECA sound issue
+11/14/2017 - Added MUSECA, Pop'n Music
+             Wavepass reader support
+09/11/2017 - Added Road Fighters 3D
+08/29/2017 - Custom modules path,
+             UAC admin manifest, netfix
+08/28/2017 - Bug fixes
+08/21/2017 - 64bit builds, beatstream
+             More command line options
+07/28/2017 - Fixed I/O for IIDX and SDVX
+07/26/2017 - Configuration Tool, Jubeat
+             Touch module, more options
+06/01/2017 - Added DEA support
+05/31/2017 - Public release
diff --git a/easrv/easrv.cpp b/easrv/easrv.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c00f7ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/easrv.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+#include "easrv.h"
+
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <winsock2.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "avs/automap.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "external/http-parser/http_parser.h"
+}
+
+#include "responses/bs_info2_common.h"
+#include "responses/bs_pcb2_boot.h"
+#include "responses/bs_pcb2_error.h"
+#include "responses/op2_common_get_music_info.h"
+#include "responses/pcbtracker_alive.h"
+
+static const size_t RECEIVED_BUFFER_LENGTH = 2048*1024;
+static const size_t URL_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
+static const size_t HEADER_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
+
+static SOCKET SERVER_SOCKET;
+static bool SERVER_RUNNING;
+static bool SERVER_MAINTENANCE;
+
+// worker state
+static thread_local char URL_BUFFER[URL_BUFFER_SIZE] {};
+static thread_local size_t URL_BUFFER_LENGTH = 0;
+static thread_local char HEADER_BUFFER[URL_BUFFER_SIZE] {};
+static thread_local size_t HEADER_BUFFER_LENGTH = 0;
+static thread_local bool HEADER_CRYPT = false;
+static thread_local enum header_state_t {
+    HS_UNKNOWN,
+    HS_EAMUSE_INFO,
+    HS_COMPRESS,
+} HEADER_STATE = HS_UNKNOWN;
+
+static std::string HTTP_DEFAULT;
+static std::string EA_HEADER;
+static std::string EA_HEADER_PLAIN;
+static std::string EA_EMPTY;
+static std::string EA_EMPTY_CRYPT;
+static std::string EA_SERVICES_GET_FULL;
+static std::string EA_MESSAGE_GET;
+static std::string EA_MESSAGE_GET_MAINTENANCE;
+static std::string EA_FACILITY_GET;
+static std::string EA_PCBEVENT_PUT;
+static std::string EA_PACKAGE_LIST;
+static std::string EA_TAX_GET_PHASE;
+static std::string EA_EVENTLOG_WRITE;
+static std::string EA_MACHINE_GET_CONTROL;
+static std::string EA_I36_SYSTEM_GETMASTER;
+static std::string EA_KGG_SYSTEM_GETMASTER;
+static std::string EA_KGG_HDKOPERATION_GET;
+
+static inline void easrv_init_messages();
+
+static int on_url(http_parser *, const char *data, size_t length) {
+
+    // prevent buffer overflow
+    if (URL_BUFFER_LENGTH + length >= URL_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // append to buffer
+    memcpy(&URL_BUFFER[URL_BUFFER_LENGTH], data, length);
+    URL_BUFFER_LENGTH += length;
+    URL_BUFFER[URL_BUFFER_LENGTH] = '\0';
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_header_field(http_parser *, const char *data, size_t length) {
+
+    // prevent buffer overflow
+    if (HEADER_BUFFER_LENGTH + length >= HEADER_BUFFER_SIZE) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // append to buffer
+    memcpy(&HEADER_BUFFER[HEADER_BUFFER_LENGTH], data, length);
+    HEADER_BUFFER_LENGTH += length;
+    HEADER_BUFFER[HEADER_BUFFER_LENGTH] = '\0';
+
+    // check value
+    auto field = std::string(data, length);
+    if (field == "X-Eamuse-Info") {
+        HEADER_STATE = HS_EAMUSE_INFO;
+    } else if (field == "X-Compress") {
+        HEADER_STATE = HS_COMPRESS;
+    } else {
+        HEADER_STATE = HS_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int on_header_value(http_parser *, const char *data, size_t length) {
+
+    // decide what to do with the value based on current header state
+    switch (HEADER_STATE) {
+        case HS_EAMUSE_INFO:
+            HEADER_CRYPT = true;
+        case HS_UNKNOWN:
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool check_url(const char *module, const char *method) {
+    std::string url(URL_BUFFER, URL_BUFFER_LENGTH);
+    std::ostringstream check1;
+    check1 << "module=" << module << "&method=" << method;
+    if (url.find(check1.str()) != std::string::npos) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    std::ostringstream check2;
+    check2 << '/' << module << '/' << method;
+    return url.find(check2.str()) != std::string::npos;
+}
+
+static inline void easrv_add_data(std::vector<char> &send, const std::string &data, bool crypt = true) {
+
+    // copy header
+    if (crypt) {
+        send.reserve(EA_HEADER.size());
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < EA_HEADER.size(); i++) {
+            send.push_back(EA_HEADER[i]);
+        }
+    } else {
+        send.reserve(EA_HEADER_PLAIN.size());
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < EA_HEADER_PLAIN.size(); i++) {
+            send.push_back(EA_HEADER_PLAIN[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // calculate length from encoded data because of null characters
+    // if 1 follows after 1 its a 1
+    // if 2 follows after 1 its a 0
+    bool escape = false;
+    size_t size = 0;
+    for (char c : data) {
+        if (escape) {
+            escape = false;
+            size++;
+        } else if (c == 1) {
+            escape = true;
+        } else {
+            size++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add content length
+    auto content_length = fmt::format("Content-Length: {}\r\n\r\n", size);
+    send.reserve(content_length.size());
+    for (char c : content_length) {
+        send.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    // add encoded data
+    escape = false;
+    for (char c : data) {
+        if (escape) {
+            if (c == 2) {
+                c = 0;
+            }
+            escape = false;
+            send.push_back(c);
+        } else if (c == 1) {
+            escape = true;
+        } else {
+            send.push_back(c);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void easrv_add_data_raw(std::vector<char> &send, const unsigned char *data, size_t size, bool crypt = true) {
+
+    // copy header
+    if (crypt) {
+        send.reserve(EA_HEADER.size());
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < EA_HEADER.size(); i++) {
+            send.push_back(EA_HEADER[i]);
+        }
+    } else {
+        send.reserve(EA_HEADER_PLAIN.size());
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < EA_HEADER_PLAIN.size(); i++) {
+            send.push_back(EA_HEADER_PLAIN[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add content length
+    auto content_length = fmt::format("Content-Length: {}\r\n\r\n", size);
+    send.reserve(content_length.size());
+    for (char c : content_length) {
+        send.push_back(c);
+    }
+
+    send.reserve(size);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        send.push_back(data[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+static SOCKET easrv_worker_method() {
+
+    // get connection
+    sockaddr_in client_address;
+    int socket_in_size = sizeof(sockaddr_in);
+    SOCKET connected = accept(SERVER_SOCKET, (sockaddr *) &client_address, &socket_in_size);
+    if (connected == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+        return connected;
+    }
+
+    // receive data
+    std::vector<char> received(RECEIVED_BUFFER_LENGTH);
+    int received_length = recv(connected, &received[0], received.size(), 0);
+    if (received_length == -1) {
+        return connected;
+    }
+
+    // create parser
+    http_parser parser {};
+    http_parser_init(&parser, HTTP_REQUEST);
+
+    // reset state
+    URL_BUFFER_LENGTH = 0;
+    URL_BUFFER[0] = 0x00;
+    HEADER_BUFFER_LENGTH = 0;
+    HEADER_BUFFER[0] = 0x00;
+    HEADER_STATE = HS_UNKNOWN;
+
+    // parser settings
+    http_parser_settings parser_settings;
+    http_parser_settings_init(&parser_settings);
+    parser_settings.on_url = on_url;
+    parser_settings.on_header_field = on_header_field;
+    parser_settings.on_header_value = on_header_value;
+
+    // execute
+    size_t parsed_length = http_parser_execute(&parser, &parser_settings, &received[0], (size_t) received_length);
+    if (parsed_length != (size_t) received_length)
+        return connected;
+
+    // check if protocol is changed
+    if (parser.upgrade)
+        return connected;
+
+    // check for unsupported method
+    if (parser.method != HTTP_GET && parser.method != HTTP_POST)
+        return connected;
+
+    // send data
+    std::vector<char> send_data;
+    switch (parser.method) {
+        case HTTP_GET: {
+
+            // this is probably a browser, so display the HTTP default message
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < HTTP_DEFAULT.size(); i++) {
+                send_data.push_back(HTTP_DEFAULT[i]);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case HTTP_POST: {
+
+            // services
+            if (check_url("services", "get")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_SERVICES_GET_FULL);
+            } else if (check_url("pcbtracker", "alive")) {
+                easrv_add_data_raw(
+                        send_data,
+                        PCBTRACKER_ALIVE_BIN,
+                        PCBTRACKER_ALIVE_BIN_LEN
+                );
+            } else if (check_url("message", "get")) {
+                if (SERVER_MAINTENANCE) {
+                    easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_MESSAGE_GET_MAINTENANCE);
+                } else {
+                    easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_MESSAGE_GET);
+                }
+            } else if (check_url("facility", "get")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_FACILITY_GET);
+            } else if (check_url("pcbevent", "put")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_PCBEVENT_PUT);
+            } else if (check_url("package", "list")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_PACKAGE_LIST, false);
+            } else if (check_url("tax", "get_phase")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_TAX_GET_PHASE);
+            } else if (check_url("eventlog", "write")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_EVENTLOG_WRITE);
+            } else if (check_url("machine", "get_control")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_MACHINE_GET_CONTROL);
+            } else if (check_url("info2", "common")) {
+                easrv_add_data_raw(
+                        send_data,
+                        BS_INFO2_COMMON_BIN,
+                        BS_INFO2_COMMON_BIN_LEN,
+                        false
+                );
+            } else if (check_url("pcb2", "boot")) {
+                easrv_add_data_raw(
+                        send_data,
+                        BS_PCB2_BOOT_BIN,
+                        BS_PCB2_BOOT_BIN_LEN,
+                        false
+                );
+            } else if (check_url("pcb2", "error")) {
+                easrv_add_data_raw(
+                        send_data,
+                        BS_PCB2_ERROR_BIN,
+                        BS_PCB2_ERROR_BIN_LEN,
+                        false
+                );
+            } else if (check_url("system", "getmaster")) {
+                if (avs::game::is_model("KGG")) {
+                    easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_KGG_SYSTEM_GETMASTER);
+                } else if (avs::game::is_model("I36")) {
+                    easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_I36_SYSTEM_GETMASTER);
+                } else {
+                    log_warning("easrv", "system.getmaster not available for this game model");
+                    easrv_add_data(send_data, HEADER_CRYPT ? EA_EMPTY_CRYPT : EA_EMPTY);
+                }
+            } else if (check_url("hdkoperation", "get")) {
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, EA_KGG_HDKOPERATION_GET);
+            } else if (check_url("op2_common", "get_music_info")) {
+                easrv_add_data_raw(
+                        send_data,
+                        OP2_COMMON_GET_MUSIC_INFO_BIN,
+                        OP2_COMMON_GET_MUSIC_INFO_BIN_LEN
+                );
+            } else if (string_begins_with(std::string(URL_BUFFER), "//")) {
+                log_warning("easrv", "unknown URL: {}", std::string(URL_BUFFER, URL_BUFFER_LENGTH));
+                easrv_add_data(send_data, HEADER_CRYPT ? EA_EMPTY_CRYPT : EA_EMPTY);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return connected;
+    }
+
+    // send data
+    const char *send_ptr = send_data.data();
+    auto send_size = send_data.size();
+    while (send_size > 0) {
+        int bytes_sent = send(connected, send_ptr, send_size, 0);
+        if (bytes_sent == SOCKET_ERROR) {
+            return connected;
+        } else if (bytes_sent > 0) {
+            send_size -= bytes_sent;
+            send_ptr += bytes_sent;
+        } else {
+            return connected;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // flush data
+    shutdown(connected, SD_SEND);
+
+    // exit
+    return connected;
+}
+
+static void easrv_worker() {
+
+    // exit when running flag is cleared
+    while (SERVER_RUNNING) {
+
+        // call worker method and close socket afterwards
+        SOCKET connected = easrv_worker_method();
+        if (connected != INVALID_SOCKET) {
+            closesocket(connected);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void easrv_start(unsigned short port, bool maintenance, int backlog, int thread_count) {
+    if (avs::game::is_model("UJK")) {
+        log_fatal("easrv", "easrv is currently non-functional for Chase Chase Jokers; turn off -ea");
+    }
+
+    // WSA startup
+    WSADATA wsa_data;
+    int error;
+    if ((error = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa_data)) != 0) {
+        log_fatal("easrv", "WSAStartup returned {}", error);
+    }
+
+    // create socket
+    SERVER_SOCKET = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    if (SERVER_SOCKET == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+        log_fatal("easrv", "could not create socket");
+    }
+
+    // configure socket
+    if (setsockopt(SERVER_SOCKET, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char *) &error, sizeof(int)) == -1) {
+        log_fatal("easrv", "could not set socket options");
+    }
+
+    // create address
+    sockaddr_in server_address;
+    server_address.sin_family = AF_INET;
+    server_address.sin_port = htons(port);
+    server_address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+    memset(&server_address.sin_zero, 0, sizeof(server_address.sin_zero));
+
+    // bind socket to address
+    if (bind(SERVER_SOCKET, (sockaddr *) &server_address, sizeof(sockaddr)) == -1) {
+        log_fatal("easrv", "Could not bind socket. The port might be blocked, try restarting your PC or stopping background programs");
+    }
+
+    // set socket to listen
+    if (listen(SERVER_SOCKET, backlog) == -1) {
+        log_fatal("easrv", "could not listen to socket");
+    }
+
+    // set server maintenance
+    SERVER_MAINTENANCE = maintenance;
+
+    // init messages
+    easrv_init_messages();
+
+    // create workers
+    SERVER_RUNNING = true;
+    for (int i = 0; i < thread_count; i++) {
+        new std::thread(easrv_worker);
+    }
+
+    // information
+    log_info("easrv", "EASRV running on port {}", port);
+}
+
+void easrv_shutdown() {
+
+    // don't shutdown if not running
+    if (!SERVER_RUNNING) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set running to false
+    SERVER_RUNNING = false;
+    closesocket(SERVER_SOCKET);
+
+    // give workers time to exit
+    Sleep(100);
+}
+
+static inline void easrv_init_messages() {
+    HTTP_DEFAULT = std::string(
+            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
+            "Content-Type: text/html\r\n"
+            "Content-Length: 204\r\n"
+            "Connection: close\r\n"
+            "\r\n<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>SpiceTools EASRV</TITLE></HEAD>"
+            "<BODY><H1>SpiceTools EASRV</H1>\r\n<IMG src="
+            "\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Felfel-e_t.JPG/800px-Felfel-e_t.JPG\""
+            "></BODY></HTML>"
+    );
+    EA_HEADER = std::string(
+            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
+            "Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n"
+            "Server: SpiceTools\r\n"
+            "X-Eamuse-Info: 1-53d121c7-a8b3\r\n"
+            "X-Compress: none\r\n"
+            "Connection: close\r\n"
+    );
+    EA_HEADER_PLAIN = std::string(
+            "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
+            "Content-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n"
+            "Server: SpiceTools\r\n"
+            "X-Compress: none\r\n"
+            "Connection: close\r\n"
+    );
+    EA_EMPTY = std::string(
+            "\xA0\x42\x80\x7F\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02\x10\x01\x01\x08\xDE\xAE\x35\xD3\x3E\x2A\x01\x01\x04\xA6\x6E\x66"
+            "\xFE\xFE\xFF\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02"
+    );
+    EA_EMPTY_CRYPT = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x0F\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xC6\xA2\xEA\x0D\x24\x89\x92\x87\x2E"
+            "\x37\x9D"
+    );
+    EA_SERVICES_GET_FULL = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x40\x2B\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xCA\xE6\x29\x90\x60\xFD\xD5\x86\x2A"
+            "\x8C\x07\x07\xD5\xEB\x59\x63\x6D\x03\xBB\x49\x06\xBF\x7B\x0B\xBF\xE4\x91\x9E\x9F\x85\xAB\x5F\x7F\x54\xF5"
+            "\x44\xB6\x51\xA4\x16\x50\xBE\xCC\x4B\x7D\xD7\xF0\xC1\xDC\xB9\xAE\x4E\x5B\x4C\x56\xA6\x46\xD9\x7A\x61\x8E"
+            "\x21\xBA\x24\x27\xFB\xAF\xC5\xA6\xC8\xF1\x69\x2B\xDC\x2B\xF0\x26\x20\xD2\x46\xF7\x87\x3C\x2D\x3D\x64\xD9"
+            "\xF5\x5F\xD7\xFB\xDC\x53\xF2\x1A\x21\x2B\x2D\xD4\xE2\x56\xAE\x0F\xB5\x29\x0F\xB3\x9F\x02\x71\x5B\xFB\x7F"
+            "\xC1\xBA\xF9\xA1\xE8\x61\x4F\x02\x9D\x47\x19\xDD\x79\xC5\x1A\x36\x19\x3B\x02\x60\xB2\x6A\x71\xAE\xE9\xA7"
+            "\x8B\x43\x74\x23\xC0\x3E\x1D\x77\x2C\x60\xC9\x15\x05\x89\x73\x82\x5E\x71\xB9\xD3\xBB\x76\x30\xDE\x69\x5F"
+            "\x95\x8F\xC0\x1C\xDB\x6D\x7C\x24\xC2\x2A\x17\xC4\xA0\xCF\x46\x14\xF5\x64\x1C\x48\xFE\xF2\xD0\xF2\x01\x02"
+            "\x39\x8D\x1B\x1B\xC0\xAD\x5D\xCD\xDE\x16\x3E\xF6\x2F\x9D\x6A\x53\x11\x0B\xC6\x6E\xAA\xB7\xFC\x28\x48\x6B"
+            "\xAF\xD5\x6A\xD9\x79\xCE\x4F\xD9\x9E\xF3\x54\xE1\x0D\xB8\x92\xA1\xE0\xBD\x6B\x50\x8B\xD5\x19\x9C\xB7\x86"
+            "\xF7\x43\x99\x8B\x53\x2A\x7A\x1B\x5F\x96\x04\xB7\x60\x80\x42\xB7\x85\xE0\xCB\x15\x11\x81\x6E\x95\x97\x50"
+            "\x43\x8D\xE1\x5C\x84\x21\x3A\x8B\x1E\xD8\xAB\x64\x07\x27\x64\x31\x90\x7D\xEF\x75\xAB\x36\x0D\x4A\x0C\xC5"
+            "\x27\x58\xFE\xA7\xCC\xD5\xF9\x8F\xA3\x19\xBE\x3B\xBD\x6A\x98\xA5\xDD\x05\xE5\x51\xA1\xE9\x39\xD7\x29\x64"
+            "\x60\x4D\x94\x40\xB8\xDB\x91\x93\x80\x10\x33\xAB\xEA\xFB\xD4\x5E\x71\x02\x66\xE6\x33\xDD\xCF\x65\x60\x47"
+            "\x7F\xD4\x1E\x8D\xF8\xB1\xB9\xEA\x44\xFA\xB3\xCA\xCD\x50\x09\x6C\x7D\xB4\xAC\x01\x01\xFB\x7B\xCC\xCF\xA3"
+            "\x51\xA8\x4C\x97\x8B\x20\xE3\x29\x82\x9A\x68\xB4\xDA\x01\x02\xD8\x12\xCF\xCF\x04\x68\x3C\xE7\x2C\xFB\x2D"
+            "\x9A\xB8\xE5\xA1\x78\xFA\xF4\xE2\x99\x10\x03\xBE\x95\x3F\x62\x81\x1A\x81\x26\x99\xBA\x12\x7C\x16\x93\xFF"
+            "\x33\x73\x39\x96\xAC\x50\xBA\x53\x8B\xF1\xCF\x7C\x1C\x63\xB8\x69\x71\x01\x02\x5A\x52\x82\xE9\xEC\xEF\x5D"
+            "\x27\x88\xEA\x43\x2D\xC4\x93\xCB\xE2\x70\x9B\xE0\x03\x46\xC6\x40\x0E\xC5\xDB\x76\x2A\xD2\x68\x0C\xA7\x14"
+            "\xE5\x41\x28\xDC\x38\x18\x0C\x2B\x3D\x69\x73\x15\xAD\x98\x81\xB4\x9E\x62\x95\xD5\x60\x0B\x98\x12\xEB\x42"
+            "\x27\xBA\xAC\xE6\x5C\x7F\x3C\x9E\xB6\xCB\xF7\xB1\x35\x54\x03\xE1\xD1\xE6\xB6\xF1\x60\x94\xFA\x03\xEE\xF9"
+            "\xB9\x52\x33\xC2\xF5\xFB\x66\xE3\xF1\x23\x12\x9E\xD8\xEE\x8A\x83\x66\xB0\x40\x42\x12\x3E\xC9\x61\x84\x39"
+            "\x68\xFD\x5A\x9D\x6F\x23\x7B\x79\xFC\x79\xA3\xD8\x0B\xB4\x7C\xEA\x33\x83\x18\xCA\x0E\x44\x90\xC3\x9E\xAE"
+            "\x90\xBE\xCC\xB8\x44\x1C\xB8\xD5\xD1\x61\xE1\x8F\xA6\x99\x34\xDA\xC4\xB5\x9B\xE2\x75\x77\x70\xE6\x71\xAD"
+            "\xE6\x34\xDB\x81\x09\x6A\xDB\x66\xC4\x1C\x01\x02\x97\x90\x9B\xE8\x73\x9D\xAF\x6E\x45\x28\xD6\x18\xB5\x81"
+            "\x35\xF2\xE6\x90\x03\x83\xF7\x0D\x19\xFB\x82\x7D\x4D\xDE\x23\x0F\x5F\x20\x74\x68\x37\xFE\xEE\x22\x99\x01"
+            "\x01\xB7\x94\x10\x65\x6E\xD4\xF6\x46\x95\xC7\xC4\x17\x04\x81\x42\x4C\xE2\x90\xD3\x92\x85\x81\x24\xB6\x83"
+            "\xF5\x7F\x5D\x1F\x4B\xCF\x81\xF9\x05\x68\xC7\xD7\x1A\xE7\x5A\xD9\x4E\x2B\x51\x3D\x97\x55\xD1\xFD\x36\x1C"
+            "\x1F\xA6\x29\x59\x09\x8F\xE5\x7F\x7B\x71\xB0\xF2\x98\x89\xB8\x97\x11\x29\x67\xA6\x1B\xD3\x39\x20\x35\x4E"
+            "\xB6\xEF\x40\xB8\x6C\x2E\x5F\x6E\xBB\xD7\xCE\x18\xE3\x96\xC9\x52\xD6\x6B\x5C\x5F\x29\x5F\x93\x3A\x53\x3E"
+            "\xF0\x0A\xC6\xD9\xD5\xC2\x50\xEE\x43\xD3\x3C\xBC\x08\xCD\x36\x76\xBE\x26\x3C\x22\xE2\x4E\x53\xBD\x8A\xAF"
+            "\x2F\xCA\xCC\x03\x53\xF9\x87\xD0\xCB\xD4\x4F\xEA\x41\xC6\x17\x6F\xA6\xF0\x7E\x3E\xA8\x11\x98\xC0\x17\x34"
+            "\x54\xF4\x13\x63\x45\xEC\x88\xD5\x6E\xB8\x07\xD7\xAA\x72\xF4\xB3\x6F\x59\x51\xDC\x22\x9B\xEA\x65\x72\x65"
+            "\x14\xEF\x1C\x2F\x07\xED\xCF\xED\xDD\xA6\x5E\xEF\x19\xAF\x0D\x74\x6B\xAB\x04\xB0\x51\xA3\x05\x54\x37\x7F"
+            "\x04\xD4\x53\xDC\x9B\x4C\x40\xB6\x3F\xE8\x2D\x54\x27\x12\x72\xFF\x23\x78\x84\xD6\xD5\x0B\x9D\x45\x8B\xEC"
+            "\x8F\xF8\xE9\x9F\x9D\x51\x8C\x42\x47\x38\xEE\x53\xAE\x9D\x04\xAC\xDA\x3F\x0C\xDE\x48\x8C\x8C\xAA\xBB\xE1"
+            "\x70\x73\x5F\x57\xDB\xA7\x21\xAD\x79\x13\x82\xA6\xCE\xB9\xF0\x2A\x4F\xB8\x48\x01\x01\xBE\x1F\x5E\x49\x23"
+            "\xC9\x0A\x89\xC7\xF3\x63\x1A\xAC\x75\xF1\x14\xCA\x5C\x62\xED\x9F\xA4\xAA\x44\xE5\xC0\x8C\x7C\x59\x5A\xB1"
+            "\x3B\x9B\xE0\x14\x48\xDE\xB1\x96\x1E\x44\x7E\xF9\xF2\xB2\x20\x14\x0C\x81\xF2\xEA\xB5\x6A\x55\xC9\xE2\x2B"
+            "\x3C\xC8\x2A\x33\x98\xA9\xF2\xEB\x59\xDF\x29\x14\x6F\xB0\x39\x43\xEF\xE1\xC4\x66\x07\xCD\xE8\xD0\x9D\xE8"
+            "\xDE\x12\xDD\x34\x73\xDD\xDF\x36\x85\x7B\xAD\x69\x1B\xE3\xEC\x28\xAD\x3C\xC0\x88\x06\x04\x4A\xCB\xB5\xEA"
+            "\x1B\x81\xBA\xC1\x1C\x9D\x5D\xD7\x53\xD7\x62\x34\x0E\xB3\xFB\x32\xF9\xC8\xCB\xFB\x8F\x9B\x10\x96\xFD\xAD"
+            "\x21\x2A\x90\x83\x74\x22\xBA\xB1\x95\x70\xD5\x7C\xB2\x13\xCB\xCC\x9C\x56\x71\xCC\x92\xDB\x6C\x5F\x18\x0F"
+            "\x1D\x9C\xC3\x15\x75\x01\x01\xD4\x42\x64\xD7\x6D\xB2\xF1\x64\xC7\xF1\x12\xCB\xA6\x5F\x7A"
+    );
+    EA_MESSAGE_GET = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7e\x7c\x0e\x1a\x15\x41\x03\xae\xd5\xa0\xf5\x2c\xa1\xb9\xd2\x53\xc5\xce\x2a\x53\x40\xbd\xed\xa9\x28"
+            "\xd4\x04\x0c\x10\x6f\x69\xf1\x38\x2d\xb8\xa2\x7a\xff\x8d\x0a\xbb\x5f\x09\x1c\xb1\x81\x65");
+    EA_MESSAGE_GET_MAINTENANCE = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x4F\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xC5\xCE\x2A\x53\x40\xBD\xED\xA9\x28"
+            "\x9C\x40\xDB\x25\x4F\xB9\x09\x24\xB4\x01\x01\x49\xFA\xFE\x81\xB1\x21\xED\x25\x2F\x1A\xBB\x25\x1D\xD1\xB4"
+            "\x9A\x05\xE4\x14\xB9\x8E\xE3\xE1\xA8\xF8\x57\x68\xA4\x1F\x58\x94\x06\x9F\x67\x22\xAC\x69\x2E\xC8\xCE\xD6"
+            "\x43\xBC\xC3\xAC\x73\x2B\x52\xD1\xDA\x88\x0F\x68\x2F\x67\xD1\x42\x08\x24\x18\x19\x6D\x99\x3F\xC6\x41\x24"
+            "\x25\xC4\x5B\x6C\x61\x6E\x7D\xF6\xD2\x75\xB7\x37\xE7\x39\x2A\xEE\xF1\xB4\x2D\xB4\x22\x5E\x55\x06\xBB\xFA"
+            "\xB4\x86\xD7\x66\xB8\xA8\x9F\x4E\x06\x26\xDF\x9B\xF3\x7D\x0B\x76\x9C\x37\x3E\xD1\x2A\xC6\xA4\x40\xAA\x52"
+            "\x3D\x39\x6D\x70\xFF\xDF\xED\x40\x5A\xA2\x7D\xEA\x84\x6D\xE3\xE6\x75\x8D\x36\xD3\x69\xB2\xDC\x1E\xDD\x82"
+            "\x23\xD5\x73\xF1\x18\x60\xF7"
+    );
+    EA_FACILITY_GET = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7e\x7c\x0e\x1a\x15\x40\x17\xae\xd5\xa0\xf5\x2c\xa1\xb9\xd2\x53\xca\xaa\xee\x45\x1c\x99\x13\x86\x26"
+            "\xf0\xd7\x93\x1d\x02\xa4\x04\xc5\x97\x28\x5c\x71\xf8\x26\x44\x08\xb8\x74\xac\x4f\x8a\x63\xed\x7e"
+            "\x54\x25\x9f\x34\x1a\x5e\xd9\x38\xaf\xa8\xfa\x57\x34\xd3\xc7\x88\x69\xac\xa1\xe1\xe0\x42\xac\x40"
+            "\xd8\x70\x2d\xa3\x20\xd7\x51\x35\x35\x52\xd0\xdb\x8e\xd8\x25\xd6\xc8\x71\x4e\x01\x02\x97\x01\x01"
+            "\x0d\xc6\xb2\x8a\x38\x44\x2e\x94\xe9\x7c\xf7\x7c\x1a\xa2\x66\x2a\x48\x8a\xd4\xac\xb2\xb1\x74\x44"
+            "\x67\x53\xf4\xd7\xd3\x2d\x73\x42\x3e\x24\x55\x39\x11\xd9\x07\x86\xe2\xf8\x2d\xd9\x65\x9f\xd7\xf5"
+            "\x7d\x94\xf1\x56\x87\xfb\x58\xfe\x8e\xa1\x5b\xfa\x75\x81\xcb\x73\x05\x3c\xcd\x8a\xc6\x19\x6b\x32"
+            "\xb3\x25\xc9\x1e\x46\x35\x89\xa6\xe7\xda\x15\x12\xcc\x4b\x63\x1d\x75\xf3\x5e\xb7\x30\x0c\xcc\x2b"
+            "\x35\x06\x38\x41\x97\xa7\x25\x64\x1b\x47\xa6\xc5\x17\x1b\xe8\x99\x2b\x5f\x75\x3d\xb8\x20\x8e\xcb"
+            "\x6b\x7a\x46\xb3\x85\x29\x31\x3c\xe7\x92\x4b\xa0\xc7\xfa\x4e\x10\xc0\x4d\xa2\x0e\x60\x5c\x09\xcd"
+            "\x53\xfe\x31\xbd\xec\xee\xb8\x92\xab\xec\xc5\xbd\x04\x6f\x3a\x7e\x0e\x16\xae\x5e\xc3\xc3\x2d\x0d"
+            "\xd5\x80\x5e\x3b\xda\xd5\xb3\xae\xec\xe8\x99\x66\x0b\xb7\x55\xe9\xd5\x39\x03\x3d\xd3\x6d\x89\x2f"
+            "\x30\x2e\x0f\x3a\x35\x31\x98\x55\x65\x03\x9c\xfc\xad\xbe\x79\x21\x19\x01\x01\x18\x03\x20\x35\x2b"
+            "\x58\xe3\xaf\xd9\x89\x7b\x78\xc9\x2a\x19\xbe\x3b\xb5\x09\xf9\xd6\xb9\x68\x8b\x36\xa3\xc7\x39\xd7"
+            "\x3e\x0d\x14\x39\x9b\x58\x2f\xd6\x45\xfc\xe3\x71\x5d\xed\x85\x88\xa0\x64\x49\x32\x5c\xe6\x1c\xdd"
+            "\xcf\x65\x60\x47\x74\x82\x7f\xee\x91\xdd\xd0\x9e\x3d\xfa\xb3\xca\xcd\x50\x06\x2e\x2a\xdc\xd8\x75"
+            "\x9a\x29\x97\x94\xbf\x04\xe4\x02\x97\x8c\x2c\xf1\x31\xd0\xcd\x2b\xf8\xea\x2f\xd8\x12\xcf\xcf\x04"
+            "\x71\x39\xf6\x2b\xf8\x76\xd2\xf2\x89\xce\x1b\x9b\x8f\xe2\x82\x17\x07\x84\xba\x10\x0e\xee\x79\xe0"
+            "\x5b\x99\xa1\x15\x78\x16\x84\xe0\x67\x2c\x75\xf7\xc0\x38\xd5\x20\xf7\x81\xae\x1f\x77\x02\xdf\x0c"
+            "\x60\x68\x2e\x26\xe5\xbb\xb7\xb4\x41\x72\xc4\xa4\x43\x2a\xc8\x81\xd3\x8a\x1f\xe8\x94\x39\x7e\xf6"
+            "\x69\x56\x9e\xaf\x06\x10\xfd\x47\x69\xb8\x14\xe6\x48\x36\xd6\x25\x18\x0c\x2b\x3d\x69");
+    EA_PCBEVENT_PUT = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7e\x7c\x0e\x1a\x15\x41\x0b\xae\xd5\xa0\xf5\x2c\xa1\xb9\xd2\x53\xca\xd2\x0d\x81\x34\xdb\x94\x79\xd0"
+            "\xc8\x9d\xb5\xfb\xef\x97");
+    EA_PACKAGE_LIST = std::string(
+            "\xA0\x42\x80\x7F\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02\x24\x01\x01\x08\xDE\xAE\x35\xD3\x3E\x2A\x01\x01\x07\xD6\x6A\x30"
+            "\x9A\xCA\x80\x2E\x06\xAB\xDD\x6E\xDE\xA0\x2E\x06\xE3\x99\xB9\xEB\x80\xFE\xFE\xFF\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02"
+            "\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02\x14\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02\x05\x31\x32\x30\x30\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02"
+            "\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02\x02\x30\x01\x02\x01\x02\x01\x02"
+    );
+    EA_TAX_GET_PHASE = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x07\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xC1\xE2\xEB\x2B\xDC\x72\xBB\x5E\x96"
+            "\x9F\x63\x4B\x05\x10\x97\x0F\xC7\x2D\xBC\xA2\x7A\xFF\x85"
+    );
+    EA_EVENTLOG_WRITE = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x5B\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xCA\xAF\x3E\xD8\x3D\x6A\x41\x8F\x25"
+            "\x85\xF1\x1F\x19\x41\xAF\xB4\x8B\xED\x46\xA4\x70\x38\xCE\x32\x10\x65\x60\xEA\x71\x7F\x63\x38\x12\x31\xDC"
+            "\x70\xB6\x7B\xB4\xBB\x14\xFB\x50\xF7\xF8\x6D\x50\x0A\x4B\xAF\x06\x9F\x4C\xCA\x68\x59\xBC\x9C\x1F\xD3\xA0"
+            "\x25\x60\x48\x8D\xD5\xAC\x2E\xDA\x88\x0E\x68\x2F\x67\xB1\x42\x08\x24\x1C\x2A\x5D\xA9\x3F"
+    );
+    EA_MACHINE_GET_CONTROL = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x3B\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xC5\xCE\xEE\x46\x61\x4D\xED\x86\x29"
+            "\x94\xD1\x07\x60\xD5\xD7\x04\xC4\xB6\xC3\xA2\x84\x01\x01\x7B\xF4\x44\x5F\x0B\x2C\xB1\x81\x6D\x33\xD5\x7A"
+            "\xF2\xC1\xA5\x61\x5A"
+    );
+    EA_KGG_SYSTEM_GETMASTER = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x27\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xC4\xE7\x6A\x52\x71\x57\x6B\x81\xF0"
+            "\x99\xA7\x72\x6B\x11\x9C\x07\x24\xB0\x51\x39\xE3\x7E\x7B\x01\x01\xB3\xBC\x96\xC5\x2A\x18\xE7\xCD\xDC\x70"
+            "\x1D\xF5\xAC\xF7\xF0\x71\xB2\xA5\xA8\x07\xAD\x2C\x3E\xAD\x76\x97\xC9\xA5\x27\x0C\xA9\xA7\x42\x62\xC5\x9E"
+            "\xF3\x52\x0C\x04\xC9\x90\xDF\x63\x89\xFF\x77\x24\x6B\x22\xC2\x0F\x5B\x53\x64\x66\x19\xEC\x4C\x8B\x12\x53"
+            "\x5F\xB8\x1F\x29\x12\x23\x2E\x81\xAC\x4D\x81\x03\xD7\x09\x2A\xEE\xD4\xF9\x7E\xC3\x51\x61\x68\x30\xE6\xDA"
+            "\x86\x98\xC1\x5E\x99\xED\xEC\x03\x55\x51\xA5\xE7\xB7\x38\x78\x3B\xCF\x40\x40\xA5\x58\xB7\xE7\x3D\xF9\x25"
+            "\x45\x39\x6D\x70\xED\xAC\x94\x33\x74\x85\xDB\xFB\x9C");
+    EA_I36_SYSTEM_GETMASTER = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x27\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xC4\xE7\x6A\x52\x71\x57\x6B\x81\xF0"
+            "\x99\xA7\x72\x6B\x11\x9C\x07\x24\xB0\x51\x39\xE3\x7E\x7B\x01\x01\xB3\xBC\x96\xC5\x2A\x18\xE7\xCD\xDC\x70"
+            "\x1D\xF5\xAC\xF7\xF0\x71\xB2\xA5\xA8\x07\xAD\x2C\x3E\xAD\x76\x97\x65\xA5\x27\x0C\xA9\xA7\x42\x62\x69\x9E"
+            "\xCA\x64\x0C\x05\xD9\x94\x98\x63\x8E\xC9\x78\x25\x6B\x08\xC9\x0D\x62\x61\x2A\x67\x09\xC6\x47\x89\x2B\x61"
+            "\x11\xB9\x0F\x03\x19\x21\x17\xB3\xE2\x01\x02\xD5\x6C\xAF\x46\x40\xAB\xC7\xF9\x79\xDB\x51\x62\x46\x30\xA3"
+            "\xDA\x81\x80\xC1\x5D\xB7\xED\xA9\x03\x52\x49\xA5\xE4\x99\x38\x3D\x3B\xC8\x58\x40\xA6\x76\xB7\xA2\x3D\xFE"
+            "\x3D\x45\x76\x07\x35\xDB\xE1\xC0\x5C\x0C\x88\x76\xCC\xDD\x49\xD9\xA7\x60\xA3\x35\xF8\x2B\x9A\x88\x71\xA5"
+            "\xCD\x49\x90\x47\x8C\x4C\x0F\x8F\x81\x60\x83\xD2\x36\x3A\xE1\xB4\xE2\x02\xF0\xAC\x50\x18\x2A\x10\x2D\xB6"
+            "\x41\xC1\xAC\xE0\x08\xFE\x46\x21\x8D\x20\x17\x3A\x4D\x90\x62\x17\x20\xA7\x2B\x28\x05\xDA\x11\xD3\x1F\xCE"
+            "\x26\xEF\x2B\x83\x26\x04\xBD\xF9\xF9\x70\x98\x24\x47\x22\x8F\x14\xEC\xA0\x43\x82\xAF\xF6\xA6\xAF\xF0\x1D"
+            "\xA8\xF4\xA8\xE5\xCB\xAD\x69\xB9\xD2\xB2"
+    );
+    EA_KGG_HDKOPERATION_GET = std::string(
+            "\x17\x7E\xFC\x8E\x1A\x15\x41\x37\xAE\xD5\xA0\xF5\x2C\xA1\xB9\xD2\x53\xCE\xB2\x18\x5F\x0C\xDA\x8B\x61\xC3"
+            "\x04\x9B\xBD\x34\x96\xFD\xC0\x5A\xD3\x46\xA9\x7F\x29\xE8\xEC\x73\xA1\xF5\xD2\x4E\x81\x65\x33\xD5\x7A\xEA"
+            "\xAF\xCA\x11\x5B\x17\x54\x05\x44\xC9\x7F\xE3\x12\x9D\x5A\xA7\x81\x95\x0B\x3C\x84\x97\x6E\x52\xCC\xE3\xA0"
+            "\x25\x74"
+    );
+}
diff --git a/easrv/easrv.h b/easrv/easrv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f75c5b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/easrv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void easrv_start(unsigned short port, bool maintenance, int backlog, int thread_count);
+void easrv_shutdown();
diff --git a/easrv/responses/bs_info2_common.h b/easrv/responses/bs_info2_common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71e0721
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/responses/bs_info2_common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+unsigned char BS_INFO2_COMMON_BIN[] = {
+  0xa0, 0x42, 0x80, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x01, 0x08, 0xde, 0xae,
+  0x35, 0xd3, 0x3e, 0x2a, 0x01, 0x05, 0xbb, 0x3a, 0xf4, 0x08, 0x01, 0x0a,
+  0xab, 0xba, 0xb3, 0xe6, 0x5a, 0x39, 0xdf, 0x10, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xff,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+};
+unsigned int BS_INFO2_COMMON_BIN_LEN = 40;
diff --git a/easrv/responses/bs_pcb2_boot.h b/easrv/responses/bs_pcb2_boot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f7883d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/responses/bs_pcb2_boot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+unsigned char BS_PCB2_BOOT_BIN[] = {
+  0xa0, 0x42, 0x80, 0x7f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x34, 0x01, 0x08, 0xde, 0xae,
+  0x35, 0xd3, 0x3e, 0x2a, 0x01, 0x05, 0xe2, 0xdd, 0x35, 0x08, 0x01, 0x05,
+  0xe2, 0xec, 0xeb, 0xd0, 0x0b, 0x02, 0xcf, 0x20, 0xfe, 0x34, 0x07, 0xa3,
+  0x19, 0x6a, 0xce, 0x7c, 0x40, 0xfe, 0x03, 0x04, 0xa3, 0x19, 0x6d, 0xfe,
+  0x03, 0x04, 0xa3, 0x19, 0x72, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x41, 0x53, 0x00, 0x00,
+  0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+};
+unsigned int BS_PCB2_BOOT_BIN_LEN = 76;
diff --git a/easrv/responses/bs_pcb2_error.h b/easrv/responses/bs_pcb2_error.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..744943c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/responses/bs_pcb2_error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+unsigned char BS_PCB2_ERROR_BIN[] = {
+  0xa0, 0x42, 0xa0, 0x5f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x01, 0x08, 0xde, 0xae,
+  0x35, 0xd3, 0x3e, 0x2a, 0x01, 0x04, 0xd6, 0x89, 0xc2, 0x2e, 0x06, 0xe3,
+  0x99, 0xb9, 0xeb, 0x80, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x08,
+  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
+};
+unsigned int BS_PCB2_ERROR_BIN_LEN = 44;
diff --git a/easrv/responses/op2_common_get_music_info.h b/easrv/responses/op2_common_get_music_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d13320b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/responses/op2_common_get_music_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6409 @@
+unsigned char OP2_COMMON_GET_MUSIC_INFO_BIN[] = {
+  0x17, 0x7e, 0xdc, 0xae, 0x1a, 0x15, 0xdc, 0xdf, 0xae, 0xd5, 0xa0, 0xf5,
+  0x2c, 0xa1, 0xb9, 0xd2, 0x53, 0xc8, 0xd7, 0xd4, 0xce, 0x79, 0x3b, 0xdf,
+  0x54, 0x1e, 0x19, 0x9b, 0x56, 0x62, 0x56, 0x7c, 0x8f, 0xc6, 0x39, 0x6b,
+  0x18, 0xcd, 0x0c, 0xfe, 0xb3, 0x11, 0x03, 0xb1, 0xce, 0x5b, 0xa4, 0xa3,
+  0xdd, 0xec, 0x54, 0xfa, 0x71, 0x66, 0x7b, 0xc1, 0x9d, 0xf1, 0xa6, 0x1c,
+  0x93, 0x7d, 0xdb, 0xe0, 0x03, 0x98, 0x75, 0x40, 0x96, 0x26, 0x06, 0x63,
+  0x09, 0x6c, 0xc0, 0xbe, 0xe6, 0x0a, 0xa5, 0x5a, 0x4d, 0x36, 0xef, 0xc6,
+  0xda, 0xd1, 0x82, 0xec, 0xf1, 0x98, 0x81, 0xeb, 0x24, 0xee, 0x84, 0xe2,
+  0x21, 0x55, 0x02, 0x05, 0xa3, 0xe7, 0x4a, 0x4d, 0x0a, 0x5d, 0x63, 0xbf,
+  0xc7, 0xcc, 0x61, 0x98, 0xa5, 0x2b, 0x5e, 0xa0, 0xb3, 0xa0, 0x6e, 0x0f,
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+  0xce, 0xd8, 0x9d, 0xb8, 0xcb, 0xe8, 0x9b, 0x27, 0x32, 0xc0, 0x9f, 0x58,
+  0xcf, 0x73, 0xb0, 0xc7, 0xfa, 0x36, 0xf9, 0x61, 0xcc, 0x8d, 0x4e, 0xf3,
+  0xa7, 0x96, 0x2d, 0x88, 0xfd, 0x9e, 0x1f, 0x66, 0x63, 0x9c, 0x5f, 0x92,
+  0xdb, 0x3c, 0x2c, 0xa8, 0xa1, 0x2d, 0xed, 0x3d, 0xbb, 0x61, 0x65, 0x22,
+  0x53, 0x38, 0x92, 0x34, 0xd0, 0x6a, 0x31, 0xea, 0x3e, 0x51, 0xc4, 0x3d,
+  0xde, 0xff, 0x42, 0xc8, 0x5e, 0xfb, 0xeb, 0x07, 0xbb, 0xd9, 0xf6, 0x4a,
+  0x59, 0x17, 0x49, 0xda, 0xa1, 0xb7, 0xfb, 0xcb, 0xb6, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x6a,
+  0x1f, 0xd5, 0x88, 0x81, 0xb3, 0xf1, 0x2f, 0x9e, 0x69, 0x2b, 0x47, 0x79,
+  0xed, 0xf6, 0xbf, 0x25, 0x31, 0x14, 0x93, 0x9f, 0xf9, 0xbb, 0x00, 0x37,
+  0xcf, 0x0e, 0x3b, 0x94, 0x10, 0x7c, 0x7a, 0x86, 0x25, 0x3e, 0x41, 0x6b,
+  0xb2, 0x38, 0x1e, 0x78, 0xab, 0xe8, 0x59, 0xa6, 0xb6, 0xd7, 0x8e, 0x4d,
+  0x85, 0xf9, 0xae, 0xa6, 0x6a, 0x5a, 0x22, 0xb8, 0xd6, 0x96, 0x3e, 0x93,
+  0x89, 0xbb, 0xc9, 0xfd, 0x72, 0x5c, 0xd7, 0x6a, 0xae, 0x9f, 0xda, 0xab,
+  0x9b, 0xfa, 0x50, 0x08, 0xfa, 0x63, 0x4b, 0x45, 0xe1, 0x3c, 0xdc, 0x88,
+  0x74, 0x17, 0xdb, 0xc8, 0x0f, 0x6e, 0xfa, 0x51, 0x07, 0x24, 0x04, 0xba,
+  0xac, 0xc8, 0xba, 0x37, 0x75, 0xd1, 0xb0, 0xa9, 0xdb, 0x7e, 0x84, 0x28,
+  0x9b, 0x9c, 0xc6, 0xb7, 0xef, 0x3f, 0xed, 0x70, 0xf2, 0xea, 0x72, 0xba,
+  0xcd, 0xed, 0xd6, 0xf7, 0x70, 0x5b, 0xb3, 0xaf, 0x13, 0x71, 0x56, 0x84,
+  0xf4, 0x8e, 0x4a, 0xb3, 0x05, 0xad, 0xa9, 0x2b, 0x24, 0xb4, 0xeb, 0x92,
+  0xd2, 0xd3, 0x6f, 0xf1, 0xb3, 0x4c, 0x81, 0x0d, 0x54, 0xa5, 0xd6, 0x95,
+  0x83, 0xfc, 0x2f, 0x71, 0x81, 0xa5, 0x88, 0xfa, 0xd6, 0x77, 0x2c, 0x27,
+  0x76, 0x05, 0x59, 0x90, 0x35, 0x17, 0xf7, 0xa9, 0x4d, 0x0d, 0x4b, 0xc1,
+  0x34, 0x41, 0x6c, 0xde, 0x20, 0x9c, 0xcf, 0x7e, 0xb5, 0x5b, 0xf1, 0x93,
+  0x8c, 0x73, 0x36, 0x75, 0xdb, 0xff, 0xe5, 0xa4, 0x9f, 0x4d, 0x1e, 0x69,
+  0x58, 0xeb, 0x6c, 0xda, 0xfa, 0x65, 0xa3, 0xbf, 0x8c, 0x0b, 0x04, 0xc6,
+  0x57, 0x01, 0xdc, 0x53, 0x3d, 0x49, 0x81, 0x68, 0x1e, 0x4f, 0x11, 0x6b,
+  0x62, 0x4d, 0x3b, 0xaf, 0xb8, 0x30, 0xbe, 0xf3, 0x3d, 0x99, 0x7e, 0x29,
+  0x16, 0xbf, 0x34, 0xe3, 0x02, 0xf3, 0xe0, 0xad, 0x5e, 0x07, 0x03, 0x78,
+  0xb6, 0xc9, 0xae, 0x90, 0xf6, 0x0b, 0xc7, 0x61, 0x06, 0xcc, 0x92, 0x1b,
+  0x90, 0xf4, 0x72, 0xee, 0x1d, 0x10, 0xd9, 0x8d, 0x9f, 0xe8, 0x0d, 0xe2,
+  0xe9, 0x52, 0x28, 0xfe, 0x73, 0x1b, 0x99, 0x06, 0x3d, 0x93, 0x45, 0x36,
+  0x4a, 0xb2, 0x5f, 0xc6, 0xb9, 0x7d, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x8b, 0xa7, 0x69, 0x76,
+  0xec, 0x96, 0xa6, 0x64, 0x5f, 0x5a, 0x5c, 0x19, 0xe4, 0xfc, 0x5c, 0x9f,
+  0x04, 0xcc, 0x38, 0x3d, 0x06, 0xee, 0x8d, 0x56, 0x51, 0x04, 0xbe, 0x03,
+  0x4b, 0x6a, 0x75, 0x87, 0xa1, 0x7b, 0xf8, 0xf9, 0xba, 0xaa, 0xdd, 0xd4,
+  0x94, 0x95, 0xa4, 0x57, 0xcc, 0x73, 0xb6, 0xb9, 0xfc, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x16,
+  0x73, 0x2c, 0xff, 0xf4, 0x0c, 0xb1, 0x3f, 0xa4, 0xd0, 0x83, 0x80, 0x98,
+  0x4e, 0x89, 0x90, 0xea, 0x20, 0x5c, 0xe8, 0xd0, 0xad, 0x9c, 0x0f, 0xd3,
+  0xde, 0x7a, 0x7b, 0xd6, 0xe3, 0xfb, 0x2f, 0x93, 0x45, 0xf7, 0x3c, 0x0d,
+  0xaf, 0x9b, 0xb7, 0x8f, 0x98, 0xf7, 0xc1, 0x8a, 0x8b, 0x83, 0x8a, 0xb9,
+  0x1a, 0xdc, 0x71, 0x20, 0xd4, 0xcf, 0x89, 0x84, 0x2f, 0xe7, 0x0e, 0xfd,
+  0x18, 0x53, 0x11, 0x6e, 0xd5, 0xa3, 0x4b, 0x9a, 0xf1, 0x5c, 0x4f, 0x05,
+  0xc3, 0xac, 0x8c, 0xe4, 0xe2, 0x09, 0xa8, 0xa6, 0x39, 0x48, 0x7e, 0x78,
+  0x1e, 0x43, 0x6b, 0xa0, 0x7d, 0x87, 0x72, 0xf0, 0x1b, 0x1c, 0x0c, 0x87,
+  0x1e, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x1d, 0x7d, 0x2c, 0x1c, 0x06, 0x0c, 0xf3, 0xea, 0x50,
+  0x59, 0x5d, 0x28, 0xc7, 0x79, 0xe8, 0x31, 0x94, 0x2a, 0x6e, 0x45, 0x30,
+  0xe3, 0x70, 0x1d, 0x56, 0x4f, 0x8b, 0x8f, 0xf2, 0x8f, 0x54, 0xcb, 0xa2,
+  0xe1, 0x71, 0x08, 0x6c, 0x10, 0x0d, 0x7a, 0x6a, 0x51, 0x24, 0xb0, 0x4c,
+  0xd8, 0xc6, 0x76, 0xba, 0x67, 0xf9, 0xea, 0x15, 0x1e, 0x81, 0x60, 0x4e,
+  0x7c, 0x14, 0xf5, 0xa5, 0x0c, 0xb8, 0x0a, 0x14, 0xe0, 0xd4, 0x39, 0x93,
+  0x1c, 0xe2, 0xff, 0xec, 0xd2, 0x08, 0x90, 0xff, 0x27, 0xee, 0x61, 0xfe,
+  0xd8, 0x0a, 0x6f, 0xc0, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x26, 0xa9, 0xd5, 0x36, 0xc8, 0xc5,
+  0xf9, 0x81, 0xb5, 0x1d, 0x45, 0xf8, 0x6f, 0xc2, 0x7f, 0x61, 0x47, 0x70,
+  0xaf, 0x13, 0xfd, 0xfa, 0xd9, 0xae, 0xb7, 0xa9, 0xca, 0x94, 0xf5, 0xa8,
+  0x94, 0xf1, 0xbd, 0xa2, 0xd6, 0x19, 0xac, 0xe8, 0xb5, 0xb5, 0x9d, 0xec,
+  0xc1, 0x63, 0x16, 0x20, 0x62, 0x43, 0x00, 0x46, 0x44, 0xe0, 0x82, 0xa3,
+  0xdc, 0xc8, 0xf6, 0xd9, 0x67, 0x46, 0x83, 0x8d, 0x53, 0x11, 0x03, 0x95,
+  0x2b, 0x84, 0xbd, 0xdd, 0x17, 0xdc, 0xcf, 0x0b, 0xfb, 0x17, 0x57, 0x7f,
+  0x6f, 0x33, 0xe9, 0xe1, 0x6d, 0x15, 0x93, 0x74, 0x98, 0x03, 0x35, 0xa6,
+  0x0e, 0xd2, 0xb0, 0x0f, 0x19, 0x40, 0xd6, 0xa4, 0x04, 0x09, 0xba, 0x3d,
+  0x67, 0x44, 0x59, 0x5b, 0xc8, 0x67, 0x33, 0x7d, 0x9e, 0xf8, 0x85, 0xcd,
+  0x1a, 0xd0, 0xb2, 0x52, 0x6b, 0x15, 0x5f, 0x2a, 0xf4, 0x45, 0xf6, 0xe8,
+  0x4c, 0x50, 0x5b, 0x06, 0x89, 0xea, 0xf3, 0xed, 0x14, 0xa5, 0xab, 0x5f,
+  0x40, 0xbc, 0x73, 0xa1, 0xa4, 0xad, 0x7c, 0xec, 0x89, 0x00, 0x4b, 0xd9,
+  0x1f, 0xb3, 0xe2, 0xaa, 0xd1, 0xca, 0xd2, 0xb8, 0xfe, 0x13, 0xbe, 0x02,
+  0x54, 0x48, 0x2a, 0x23, 0x9f, 0x4d, 0x56, 0x2b, 0xb1, 0x3f, 0xed, 0x35,
+  0x46, 0x1d, 0xde, 0x2c, 0x0d, 0x1f, 0x7c, 0x49, 0x6e, 0xde, 0xb6, 0xe9,
+  0x5a, 0xcf, 0xc6, 0xaf, 0x59, 0x7e, 0x9c, 0xe8, 0xf1, 0x98, 0x61, 0xcc,
+  0x3a, 0x38, 0x13, 0x88, 0x52, 0xda, 0xbb, 0xb5, 0x7f, 0x8d, 0x28, 0x7d,
+  0x04, 0x33, 0xeb, 0x42, 0xfb, 0x48, 0xe5, 0xd1, 0xff, 0xe5, 0x12, 0x30,
+  0x98, 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x92, 0x27, 0x7e, 0x09, 0xf8
+};
+unsigned int OP2_COMMON_GET_MUSIC_INFO_BIN_LEN = 76868;
diff --git a/easrv/responses/pcbtracker_alive.h b/easrv/responses/pcbtracker_alive.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c4ed6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/responses/pcbtracker_alive.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+unsigned char PCBTRACKER_ALIVE_BIN[] = {
+  0x17, 0x7e, 0xdc, 0xae, 0x1a, 0x15, 0x41, 0x23, 0xae, 0xd5, 0xa0, 0xf5,
+  0x2c, 0xa1, 0xb9, 0xd2, 0x53, 0xc8, 0xd2, 0x0d, 0x92, 0x04, 0x1d, 0x5d,
+  0x2c, 0x5e, 0x19, 0x95, 0x1f, 0x71, 0x5c, 0x0d, 0x73, 0xad, 0x03, 0xbf,
+  0x08, 0xf6, 0x91, 0x4f, 0xe4, 0xfb, 0x71, 0x0d, 0x87, 0x6c, 0xef, 0xbb,
+  0x93, 0xfb, 0x7f, 0x30, 0x43, 0x64, 0xf5, 0x74, 0x11, 0xb7, 0x9c, 0xef,
+  0x12, 0xd3, 0x2d, 0xc0, 0x52, 0x76, 0x97, 0xad, 0xa5, 0x27, 0x0c, 0x80,
+  0xa7, 0x42, 0x62, 0xe2, 0xe3, 0xa0, 0x25, 0x74, 0x48, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0xae,
+  0x1e, 0xda, 0x88, 0x0f, 0x68, 0x2f, 0x67, 0xb3, 0x72, 0x08, 0x24, 0x1c,
+  0x2a, 0x5d, 0xa9, 0x3d, 0xf6, 0x41, 0x24, 0x27, 0xf4, 0x5b, 0x6c, 0x63,
+  0x5e, 0x7d, 0xf6, 0xd4
+};
+unsigned int PCBTRACKER_ALIVE_BIN_LEN = 112;
diff --git a/easrv/responses_raw/bs_info2_common.bin b/easrv/responses_raw/bs_info2_common.bin
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b2513e
Binary files /dev/null and b/easrv/responses_raw/bs_info2_common.bin differ
diff --git a/easrv/responses_raw/bs_pcb2_boot.bin b/easrv/responses_raw/bs_pcb2_boot.bin
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5d67ba0
Binary files /dev/null and b/easrv/responses_raw/bs_pcb2_boot.bin differ
diff --git a/easrv/responses_raw/bs_pcb2_error.bin b/easrv/responses_raw/bs_pcb2_error.bin
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b476d28
Binary files /dev/null and b/easrv/responses_raw/bs_pcb2_error.bin differ
diff --git a/easrv/responses_raw/op2_common_get_music_info.bin b/easrv/responses_raw/op2_common_get_music_info.bin
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71db6ab
Binary files /dev/null and b/easrv/responses_raw/op2_common_get_music_info.bin differ
diff --git a/easrv/responses_raw/pcbtracker_alive.bin b/easrv/responses_raw/pcbtracker_alive.bin
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b11b624
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/responses_raw/pcbtracker_alive.bin
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+~Ü®A#®Õ õ,¡¹ÒSÈÒ
’],^•q\
s­¿ö‘Oäûq
‡lﻓû0Cdõt·œïÓ-ÀRv—­¥'€§Bbâã %tH�Õ®Úˆh/g³r$*]©=öA$'ô[lc^}öÔ
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/easrv/responses_raw/update_responses.sh b/easrv/responses_raw/update_responses.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86f81b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/responses_raw/update_responses.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euxo pipefail
+
+cd -P "$( dirname "$(readlink -f "$0")" )"
+mkdir -p ../responses
+
+for file in *.bin
+do
+	xxd -C -i "${file}" > "../responses/$(basename "${file}" .bin).h"
+done
diff --git a/easrv/smartea.cpp b/easrv/smartea.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab1a846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/smartea.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include "smartea.h"
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace smartea {
+
+    bool check_url(std::string url) {
+
+        // WSA startup
+        WSADATA wsa_data;
+        int error;
+        if ((error = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsa_data)) != 0) {
+            log_fatal("smartea", "WSAStartup returned {}", error);
+        }
+
+        // create hints
+        addrinfo hints;
+        ZeroMemory(&hints, sizeof(hints));
+        hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+        hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+        hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+
+        // get port
+        std::vector<std::string> url_split;
+        strsplit(url, url_split, ':');
+        int port = 80;
+        if (url_split.size() >= 2 && string_begins_with(url_split[0], "http"))
+            url_split.erase(std::begin(url_split));
+        while (url_split.size() >= 1 && url_split[0].length() > 0 && url_split[0][0] == '/')
+            url_split[0] = url_split[0].substr(1);
+        if (url_split.size() >= 2)
+            port = strtol(url_split[1].c_str(), nullptr, 10);
+
+        // remove path from host
+        auto host_slash = url_split[0].find("/");
+        if (host_slash != std::string::npos) {
+            url_split[0] = url_split[0].substr(0, host_slash);
+        }
+
+        // get address info
+        addrinfo *result;
+        if ((error = getaddrinfo(url_split[0].c_str(), to_string(port).c_str(), &hints, &result)) != 0) {
+            log_info("smartea", "could not resolve {}:{}: {}", url_split[0], url_split[1], error);
+            WSACleanup();
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // iterate list
+        bool success = false;
+        for (addrinfo *ptr = result; ptr != nullptr; ptr = ptr->ai_next) {
+
+            // create socket
+            SOCKET sock = socket(ptr->ai_family, ptr->ai_socktype, ptr->ai_protocol);
+            if (sock == INVALID_SOCKET) {
+                log_info("smartea", "could not create socket: {}", WSAGetLastError());
+                WSACleanup();
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // connect to server
+            error = connect(sock, ptr->ai_addr, (int) ptr->ai_addrlen);
+            if (error == SOCKET_ERROR) {
+                closesocket(sock);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // success
+            success = true;
+            closesocket(sock);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // WSA shutdown
+        WSACleanup();
+
+        // success
+        if (success)
+            log_info("smartea", "server seems to be available :)");
+        else
+            log_info("smartea", "server seems to be dead :(");
+        return success;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/easrv/smartea.h b/easrv/smartea.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eef300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/easrv/smartea.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace smartea {
+
+    bool check_url(std::string url);
+}
diff --git a/external/LuaBridge.h b/external/LuaBridge.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8450439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/LuaBridge.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8614 @@
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2021, Lucio Asnaghi
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// clang-format off
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <optional>
+#include <set>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <tuple>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <utility>
+#include <variant>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Config.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2020, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2019, George Tokmaji
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+#if !(__cplusplus >= 201703L || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _HAS_CXX17))
+#error LuaBridge 3 requires a compliant C++17 compiler, or C++17 has not been enabled !
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if _CPPUNWIND || _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#define LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#else
+#define LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#endif
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#if __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions)
+#define LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#else
+#define LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#if defined(__cpp_exceptions) || defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#define LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#else
+#define LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(LUAU_FASTMATH_BEGIN)
+#define LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU 1
+#elif defined(LUA_JROOT)
+#define LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAJIT 1
+#elif defined(LUA_VERSION_NUM)
+#define LUABRIDGE_ON_LUA 1
+#else
+#error "Lua headers must be included prior to LuaBridge ones"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS)
+#define LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS 1
+#endif
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Config.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/LuaHelpers.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper for unused vars.
+ */
+template <class... Args>
+constexpr void unused(Args&&...)
+{
+}
+
+// These functions and defines are for Luau.
+#if LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU
+inline int luaL_ref(lua_State* L, int idx)
+{
+    assert(idx == LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+
+    const int ref = lua_ref(L, -1);
+
+    lua_pop(L, 1);
+
+    return ref;
+}
+
+inline void luaL_unref(lua_State* L, int idx, int ref)
+{
+    unused(idx);
+
+    lua_unref(L, ref);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+inline void* lua_newuserdata_x(lua_State* L, size_t sz)
+{
+    return lua_newuserdatadtor(L, sz, [](void* x)
+    {
+        T* object = static_cast<T*>(x);
+        object->~T();
+    });
+}
+
+inline void lua_pushcfunction_x(lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn)
+{
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, fn, "");
+}
+
+inline void lua_pushcclosure_x(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction fn, int n)
+{
+    lua_pushcclosure(L, fn, "", n);
+}
+
+#else
+using ::luaL_ref;
+using ::luaL_unref;
+
+template <class T>
+inline void* lua_newuserdata_x(lua_State* L, size_t sz)
+{
+    return lua_newuserdata(L, sz);
+}
+
+inline void lua_pushcfunction_x(lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn)
+{
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, fn);
+}
+
+inline void lua_pushcclosure_x(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction fn, int n)
+{
+    lua_pushcclosure(L, fn, n);
+}
+
+#endif // LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU
+
+// These are for Lua versions prior to 5.3.0.
+#if LUA_VERSION_NUM < 503
+inline lua_Number to_numberx(lua_State* L, int idx, int* isnum)
+{
+    lua_Number n = lua_tonumber(L, idx);
+
+    if (isnum)
+        *isnum = (n != 0 || lua_isnumber(L, idx));
+
+    return n;
+}
+
+inline lua_Integer to_integerx(lua_State* L, int idx, int* isnum)
+{
+    int ok = 0;
+    lua_Number n = to_numberx(L, idx, &ok);
+
+    if (ok)
+    {
+        const auto int_n = static_cast<lua_Integer>(n);
+        if (n == static_cast<lua_Number>(int_n))
+        {
+            if (isnum)
+                *isnum = 1;
+            
+            return int_n;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (isnum)
+        *isnum = 0;
+    
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM < 503
+
+// These are for Lua versions prior to 5.2.0.
+#if LUA_VERSION_NUM < 502
+using lua_Unsigned = std::make_unsigned_t<lua_Integer>;
+
+#if ! LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU
+inline int lua_absindex(lua_State* L, int idx)
+{
+    if (idx > LUA_REGISTRYINDEX && idx < 0)
+        return lua_gettop(L) + idx + 1;
+    else
+        return idx;
+}
+#endif
+
+inline void lua_rawgetp(lua_State* L, int idx, const void* p)
+{
+    idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
+    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, const_cast<void*>(p));
+    lua_rawget(L, idx);
+}
+
+inline void lua_rawsetp(lua_State* L, int idx, const void* p)
+{
+    idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 1, "not enough stack slots");
+    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, const_cast<void*>(p));
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    lua_rawset(L, idx);
+}
+
+#define LUA_OPEQ 1
+#define LUA_OPLT 2
+#define LUA_OPLE 3
+
+inline int lua_compare(lua_State* L, int idx1, int idx2, int op)
+{
+    switch (op)
+    {
+    case LUA_OPEQ:
+        return lua_equal(L, idx1, idx2);
+
+    case LUA_OPLT:
+        return lua_lessthan(L, idx1, idx2);
+
+    case LUA_OPLE:
+        return lua_equal(L, idx1, idx2) || lua_lessthan(L, idx1, idx2);
+
+    default:
+        return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+inline int get_length(lua_State* L, int idx)
+{
+    return static_cast<int>(lua_objlen(L, idx));
+}
+
+#else // LUA_VERSION_NUM >= 502
+inline int get_length(lua_State* L, int idx)
+{
+    lua_len(L, idx);
+    const int len = static_cast<int>(luaL_checknumber(L, -1));
+    lua_pop(L, 1);
+    return len;
+}
+
+#endif // LUA_VERSION_NUM < 502
+
+#ifndef LUA_OK
+#define LUABRIDGE_LUA_OK 0
+#else
+#define LUABRIDGE_LUA_OK LUA_OK
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper to throw or return an error code.
+ */
+template <class T, class ErrorType>
+std::error_code throw_or_error_code(ErrorType error)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+    throw T(makeErrorCode(error).message().c_str());
+#else
+    return makeErrorCode(error);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <class T, class ErrorType>
+std::error_code throw_or_error_code(lua_State* L, ErrorType error)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+    throw T(L, makeErrorCode(error));
+#else
+    return unused(L), makeErrorCode(error);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper to throw or assert.
+ */
+template <class T, class... Args>
+void throw_or_assert(Args&&... args)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+    throw T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#else
+    unused(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    assert(false);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper to set unsigned.
+ */
+template <class T>
+void pushunsigned(lua_State* L, T value)
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_unsigned_v<T>);
+
+    lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper to convert to integer.
+ */
+inline lua_Number tonumber(lua_State* L, int idx, int* isnum)
+{
+#if ! LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU && LUA_VERSION_NUM > 502
+    return lua_tonumberx(L, idx, isnum);
+#else
+    return to_numberx(L, idx, isnum);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper to convert to integer.
+ */
+inline lua_Integer tointeger(lua_State* L, int idx, int* isnum)
+{
+#if ! LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU && LUA_VERSION_NUM > 502
+    return lua_tointegerx(L, idx, isnum);
+#else
+    return to_integerx(L, idx, isnum);
+#endif
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Get a table value, bypassing metamethods.
+ */
+inline void rawgetfield(lua_State* L, int index, char const* key)
+{
+    assert(lua_istable(L, index));
+    index = lua_absindex(L, index);
+    lua_pushstring(L, key);
+    lua_rawget(L, index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Set a table value, bypassing metamethods.
+ */
+inline void rawsetfield(lua_State* L, int index, char const* key)
+{
+    assert(lua_istable(L, index));
+    index = lua_absindex(L, index);
+    lua_pushstring(L, key);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    lua_rawset(L, index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Returns true if the value is a full userdata (not light).
+ */
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool isfulluserdata(lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+    return lua_isuserdata(L, index) && !lua_islightuserdata(L, index);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Test lua_State objects for global equality.
+ *
+ * This can determine if two different lua_State objects really point
+ * to the same global state, such as when using coroutines.
+ *
+ * @note This is used for assertions.
+ */
+[[nodiscard]] inline bool equalstates(lua_State* L1, lua_State* L2)
+{
+    return lua_topointer(L1, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX) == lua_topointer(L2, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Return an aligned pointer of type T.
+ */
+template <class T>
+[[nodiscard]] T* align(void* ptr) noexcept
+{
+    const auto address = reinterpret_cast<size_t>(ptr);
+
+    const auto offset = address % alignof(T);
+    const auto aligned_address = (offset == 0) ? address : (address + alignof(T) - offset);
+
+    return reinterpret_cast<T*>(aligned_address);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Return the space needed to align the type T on an unaligned address.
+ */
+template <class T>
+[[nodiscard]] constexpr size_t maximum_space_needed_to_align() noexcept
+{
+    return sizeof(T) + alignof(T) - 1;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Deallocate lua userdata taking into account alignment.
+ */
+template <class T>
+int lua_deleteuserdata_aligned(lua_State* L)
+{
+    assert(isfulluserdata(L, 1));
+
+    T* aligned = align<T>(lua_touserdata(L, 1));
+    aligned->~T();
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Allocate lua userdata taking into account alignment.
+ *
+ * Using this instead of lua_newuserdata directly prevents alignment warnings on 64bits platforms.
+ */
+template <class T, class... Args>
+void* lua_newuserdata_aligned(lua_State* L, Args&&... args)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU
+    void* pointer = lua_newuserdatadtor(L, maximum_space_needed_to_align<T>(), [](void* x)
+    {
+        T* aligned = align<T>(x);
+        aligned->~T();
+    });
+#else
+    void* pointer = lua_newuserdata_x<T>(L, maximum_space_needed_to_align<T>());
+
+    lua_newtable(L);
+    lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &lua_deleteuserdata_aligned<T>);
+    rawsetfield(L, -2, "__gc");
+    lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+#endif
+
+    T* aligned = align<T>(pointer);
+
+    new (aligned) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+
+    return pointer;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Checks if the value on the stack is a number type and can fit into the corresponding c++ integral type..
+ */
+template <class U = lua_Integer, class T>
+constexpr bool is_integral_representable_by(T value)
+{
+    constexpr bool same_signedness = (std::is_unsigned_v<T> && std::is_unsigned_v<U>)
+        || (!std::is_unsigned_v<T> && !std::is_unsigned_v<U>);
+
+    if constexpr (sizeof(T) == sizeof(U))
+    {
+        if constexpr (same_signedness)
+            return true;
+
+        if constexpr (std::is_unsigned_v<T>)
+            return value <= static_cast<T>(std::numeric_limits<U>::max());
+        
+        return value >= static_cast<T>(std::numeric_limits<U>::min())
+            && static_cast<U>(value) <= std::numeric_limits<U>::max();
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (sizeof(T) < sizeof(U))
+    {
+        return static_cast<U>(value) >= std::numeric_limits<U>::min()
+            && static_cast<U>(value) <= std::numeric_limits<U>::max();
+    }
+
+    if constexpr (std::is_unsigned_v<T>)
+        return value <= static_cast<T>(std::numeric_limits<U>::max());
+
+    return value >= static_cast<T>(std::numeric_limits<U>::min())
+        && value <= static_cast<T>(std::numeric_limits<U>::max());
+}
+
+template <class U = lua_Integer>
+bool is_integral_representable_by(lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+    int isValid = 0;
+
+    const auto value = tointeger(L, index, &isValid);
+
+    return isValid ? is_integral_representable_by<U>(value) : false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Checks if the value on the stack is a number type and can fit into the corresponding c++ numerical type..
+ */
+template <class U = lua_Number, class T>
+constexpr bool is_floating_point_representable_by(T value)
+{
+    if constexpr (sizeof(T) == sizeof(U))
+        return true;
+
+    if constexpr (sizeof(T) < sizeof(U))
+        return static_cast<U>(value) >= -std::numeric_limits<U>::max()
+            && static_cast<U>(value) <= std::numeric_limits<U>::max();
+
+    return value >= static_cast<T>(-std::numeric_limits<U>::max())
+        && value <= static_cast<T>(std::numeric_limits<U>::max());
+}
+
+template <class U = lua_Number>
+bool is_floating_point_representable_by(lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+    int isValid = 0;
+
+    const auto value = tonumber(L, index, &isValid);
+
+    return isValid ? is_floating_point_representable_by<U>(value) : false;
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/LuaHelpers.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Errors.h
+
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+// Copyright 2021, Lucio Asnaghi
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+namespace detail {
+
+static inline constexpr char error_lua_stack_overflow[] = "stack overflow";
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief LuaBridge error codes.
+ */
+enum class ErrorCode
+{
+    ClassNotRegistered = 1,
+
+    LuaStackOverflow,
+
+    LuaFunctionCallFailed,
+
+    IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger,
+    
+    FloatingPointDoesntFitIntoLuaNumber,
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+namespace detail {
+struct ErrorCategory : std::error_category
+{
+    const char* name() const noexcept override
+    {
+        return "luabridge";
+    }
+
+    std::string message(int ev) const override
+    {
+        switch (static_cast<ErrorCode>(ev))
+        {
+        case ErrorCode::ClassNotRegistered:
+            return "The class is not registered in LuaBridge";
+
+        case ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow:
+            return "The lua stack has overflow";
+
+        case ErrorCode::LuaFunctionCallFailed:
+            return "The lua function invocation raised an error";
+
+        case ErrorCode::IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger:
+            return "The native integer can't fit inside a lua integer";
+
+        case ErrorCode::FloatingPointDoesntFitIntoLuaNumber:
+            return "The native floating point can't fit inside a lua number";
+                
+        default:
+            return "Unknown error";
+        }
+    }
+
+    static const ErrorCategory& getInstance() noexcept
+    {
+        static ErrorCategory category;
+        return category;
+    }
+};
+} // namespace detail
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Construct an error code from the error enum.
+ */
+inline std::error_code makeErrorCode(ErrorCode e)
+{
+  return { static_cast<int>(e), detail::ErrorCategory::getInstance() };
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+namespace std {
+template <> struct is_error_code_enum<luabridge::ErrorCode> : true_type {};
+} // namespace std
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Errors.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/LuaException.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2021, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2008, Nigel Atkinson <suprapilot+LuaCode@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//================================================================================================
+class LuaException : public std::exception
+{
+public:
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Construct a LuaException after a lua_pcall().
+     *
+     * Assumes the error string is on top of the stack, but provides a generic error message otherwise.
+     */
+    LuaException(lua_State* L, std::error_code code)
+        : m_L(L)
+        , m_code(code)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~LuaException() noexcept override
+    {
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the error message.
+     */
+    const char* what() const noexcept override
+    {
+        return m_what.c_str();
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Throw an exception or raises a luaerror when exceptions are disabled.
+     *
+     * This centralizes all the exceptions thrown, so that we can set breakpoints before the stack is
+     * unwound, or otherwise customize the behavior.
+     */
+    template <class Exception>
+    static void raise(const Exception& e)
+    {
+        assert(areExceptionsEnabled());
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        throw e;
+#else
+        unused(e);
+
+        std::abort();
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if exceptions are enabled.
+     */
+    static bool areExceptionsEnabled() noexcept
+    {
+        return exceptionsEnabled();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Initializes error handling.
+     *
+     * Subsequent Lua errors are translated to C++ exceptions, or logging and abort if exceptions are disabled.
+     */
+    static void enableExceptions(lua_State* L) noexcept
+    {
+        exceptionsEnabled() = true;
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU
+        auto callbacks = lua_callbacks(L);
+        callbacks->panic = +[](lua_State* L, int) { panicHandlerCallback(L); };
+#else
+        lua_atpanic(L, panicHandlerCallback);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Retrieve the lua_State associated with the exception.
+     *
+     * @return A Lua state.
+     */
+    lua_State* state() const { return m_L; }
+
+private:
+    struct FromLua {};
+
+    LuaException(lua_State* L, std::error_code code, FromLua)
+        : m_L(L)
+        , m_code(code)
+    {
+        whatFromStack();
+    }
+
+    void whatFromStack()
+    {
+        std::stringstream ss;
+
+        const char* errorText = nullptr;
+
+        if (lua_gettop(m_L) > 0)
+        {
+            errorText = lua_tostring(m_L, -1);
+            lua_pop(m_L, 1);
+        }
+
+        ss << (errorText ? errorText : "Unknown error") << " (code=" << m_code.message() << ")";
+
+        m_what = std::move(ss).str();
+    }
+
+    static int panicHandlerCallback(lua_State* L)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        throw LuaException(L, makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaFunctionCallFailed), FromLua{});
+#else
+        unused(L);
+
+        std::abort();
+#endif
+    }
+
+    static bool& exceptionsEnabled()
+    {
+        static bool areExceptionsEnabled = false;
+        return areExceptionsEnabled;
+    }
+
+    lua_State* m_L = nullptr;
+    std::error_code m_code;
+    std::string m_what;
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Initializes error handling using C++ exceptions.
+ *
+ * Subsequent Lua errors are translated to C++ exceptions. It aborts the application if called when no exceptions.
+ */
+inline void enableExceptions(lua_State* L) noexcept
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+    LuaException::enableExceptions(L);
+#else
+    unused(L);
+
+    assert(false); // Never call this function when exceptions are not enabled.
+#endif
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/LuaException.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/ClassInfo.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2020, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+namespace detail {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief A unique key for a type name in a metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getTypeKey() noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x71);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief The key of a const table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getConstKey() noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xc07);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief The key of a class table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getClassKey() noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xc1a);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief The key of a propget table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getPropgetKey() noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x6e7);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief The key of a propset table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getPropsetKey() noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x5e7);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief The key of a static table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getStaticKey() noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x57a);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief The key of a parent table in another metatable.
+ */
+inline const void* getParentKey() noexcept
+{
+    return reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xdad);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Get the key for the static table in the Lua registry.
+ *
+ * The static table holds the static data members, static properties, and static member functions for a class.
+ */
+template <class T>
+const void* getStaticRegistryKey() noexcept
+{
+    static char value;
+    return std::addressof(value);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Get the key for the class table in the Lua registry.
+ *
+ * The class table holds the data members, properties, and member functions of a class. Read-only data and properties, and const
+ * member functions are also placed here (to save a lookup in the const table).
+ */
+template <class T>
+const void* getClassRegistryKey() noexcept
+{
+    static char value;
+    return std::addressof(value);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Get the key for the const table in the Lua registry.
+ *
+ * The const table holds read-only data members and properties, and const member functions of a class.
+ */
+template <class T>
+const void* getConstRegistryKey() noexcept
+{
+    static char value;
+    return std::addressof(value);
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/ClassInfo.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/TypeTraits.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Container traits.
+ *
+ * Unspecialized ContainerTraits has the isNotContainer typedef for SFINAE. All user defined containers must supply an appropriate
+ * specialization for ContinerTraits (without the alias isNotContainer). The containers that come with LuaBridge also come with the
+ * appropriate ContainerTraits specialization.
+ *
+ * @note See the corresponding declaration for details.
+ *
+ * A specialization of ContainerTraits for some generic type ContainerType looks like this:
+ *
+ * @code
+ *
+ *  template <class T>
+ *  struct ContainerTraits<ContainerType<T>>
+ *  {
+ *    using Type = T;
+ *
+ *    static ContainerType<T> construct(T* c)
+ *    {
+ *      return c; // Implementation-dependent on ContainerType
+ *    }
+ *
+ *    static T* get(const ContainerType<T>& c)
+ *    {
+ *      return c.get(); // Implementation-dependent on ContainerType
+ *    }
+ *  };
+ *
+ * @endcode
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct ContainerTraits
+{
+    using IsNotContainer = bool;
+
+    using Type = T;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Register shared_ptr support as container.
+ *
+ * @tparam T Class that is hold by the shared_ptr, must inherit from std::enable_shared_from_this.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct ContainerTraits<std::shared_ptr<T>>
+{
+    static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<std::enable_shared_from_this<T>, T>);
+    
+    using Type = T;
+
+    static std::shared_ptr<T> construct(T* t)
+    {
+        return t->shared_from_this();
+    }
+
+    static T* get(const std::shared_ptr<T>& c)
+    {
+        return c.get();
+    }
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Determine if type T is a container.
+ *
+ * To be considered a container, there must be a specialization of ContainerTraits with the required fields.
+ */
+template <class T>
+class IsContainer
+{
+private:
+    typedef char yes[1]; // sizeof (yes) == 1
+    typedef char no[2]; // sizeof (no)  == 2
+
+    template <class C>
+    static constexpr no& test(typename C::IsNotContainer*);
+
+    template <class>
+    static constexpr yes& test(...);
+
+public:
+    static constexpr bool value = sizeof(test<ContainerTraits<T>>(0)) == sizeof(yes);
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/TypeTraits.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Userdata.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+namespace detail {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Return the identity pointer for our lightuserdata tokens.
+ *
+ * Because of Lua's dynamic typing and our improvised system of imposing C++ class structure, there is the possibility that executing
+ * scripts may knowingly or unknowingly cause invalid data to get passed to the C functions created by LuaBridge.
+ *
+ * In particular, our security model addresses the following:
+ *
+ *   1. Scripts cannot create a userdata (ignoring the debug lib).
+ *
+ *   2. Scripts cannot create a lightuserdata (ignoring the debug lib).
+ *
+ *   3. Scripts cannot set the metatable on a userdata.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * @brief Interface to a class pointer retrievable from a userdata.
+ */
+class Userdata
+{
+private:
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Validate and retrieve a Userdata on the stack.
+     *
+     * The Userdata must exactly match the corresponding class table or const table, or else a Lua error is raised. This is used for the
+     * __gc metamethod.
+     */
+    static Userdata* getExactClass(lua_State* L, int index, const void* classKey)
+    {
+        return (void)classKey, static_cast<Userdata*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_absindex(L, index)));
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Validate and retrieve a Userdata on the stack.
+     *
+     * The Userdata must be derived from or the same as the given base class, identified by the key. If canBeConst is false, generates
+     * an error if the resulting Userdata represents to a const object. We do the type check first so that the error message is informative.
+     */
+    static Userdata* getClass(lua_State* L,
+                              int index,
+                              const void* registryConstKey,
+                              const void* registryClassKey,
+                              bool canBeConst)
+    {
+        index = lua_absindex(L, index);
+
+        lua_getmetatable(L, index); // Stack: object metatable (ot) | nil
+        if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+        {
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, registryClassKey); // Stack: registry metatable (rt) | nil
+            return throwBadArg(L, index);
+        }
+
+        lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getConstKey()); // Stack: ot | nil, const table (co) | nil
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1) || lua_isnil(L, -1));
+
+        // If const table is NOT present, object is const. Use non-const registry table
+        // if object cannot be const, so constness validation is done automatically.
+        // E.g. nonConstFn (constObj)
+        // -> canBeConst = false, isConst = true
+        // -> 'Class' registry table, 'const Class' object table
+        // -> 'expected Class, got const Class'
+        bool isConst = lua_isnil(L, -1); // Stack: ot | nil, nil, rt
+        if (isConst && canBeConst)
+        {
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, registryConstKey); // Stack: ot, nil, rt
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, registryClassKey); // Stack: ot, co, rt
+        }
+
+        lua_insert(L, -3); // Stack: rt, ot, co | nil
+        lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: rt, ot
+
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) // Stack: rt, ot
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 2); // Stack: -
+                return static_cast<Userdata*>(lua_touserdata(L, index));
+            }
+
+            // Replace current metatable with it's base class.
+            lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getParentKey()); // Stack: rt, ot, parent ot (pot) | nil
+
+            if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: rt, ot, nil
+            {
+                // Drop the object metatable because it may be some parent metatable
+                lua_pop(L, 2); // Stack: rt
+                return throwBadArg(L, index);
+            }
+
+            lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: rt, pot
+        }
+
+        // no return
+    }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index, const void* registryClassKey)
+    {
+        index = lua_absindex(L, index);
+
+        int result = lua_getmetatable(L, index); // Stack: object metatable (ot) | nothing
+        if (result == 0)
+            return false; // Nothing was pushed on the stack
+
+        if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+        {
+            lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: -
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, registryClassKey); // Stack: ot, rt
+        lua_insert(L, -2); // Stack: rt, ot
+
+        for (;;)
+        {
+            if (lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2)) // Stack: rt, ot
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 2); // Stack: -
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // Replace current metatable with it's base class.
+            lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getParentKey()); // Stack: rt, ot, parent ot (pot) | nil
+
+            if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: rt, ot, nil
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 3); // Stack: -
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: rt, pot
+        }
+    }
+
+    static Userdata* throwBadArg(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1) || lua_isnil(L, -1)); // Stack: rt | nil
+
+        const char* expected = 0;
+        if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: nil
+        {
+            expected = "unregistered class";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getTypeKey()); // Stack: rt, registry type
+            expected = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+        }
+
+        const char* got = 0;
+        if (lua_isuserdata(L, index))
+        {
+            lua_getmetatable(L, index); // Stack: ..., ot | nil
+            if (lua_istable(L, -1)) // Stack: ..., ot
+            {
+                lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getTypeKey()); // Stack: ..., ot, object type | nil
+                if (lua_isstring(L, -1))
+                {
+                    got = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!got)
+        {
+            got = lua_typename(L, lua_type(L, index));
+        }
+
+        luaL_argerror(L, index, lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s", expected, got));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+public:
+    virtual ~Userdata() {}
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Returns the Userdata* if the class on the Lua stack matches.
+     *
+     * If the class does not match, a Lua error is raised.
+     *
+     * @tparam T  A registered user class.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     * @param index The index of an item on the Lua stack.
+     *
+     * @return A userdata pointer if the class matches.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    static Userdata* getExact(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return getExactClass(L, index, detail::getClassRegistryKey<T>());
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Get a pointer to the class from the Lua stack.
+     *
+     * If the object is not the class or a subclass, or it violates the const-ness, a Lua error is raised.
+     *
+     * @tparam T A registered user class.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     * @param index The index of an item on the Lua stack.
+     * @param canBeConst TBD
+     *
+     * @return A pointer if the class and constness match.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    static T* get(lua_State* L, int index, bool canBeConst)
+    {
+        if (lua_isnil(L, index))
+            return nullptr;
+
+        return static_cast<T*>(getClass(L,
+                                        index,
+                                        detail::getConstRegistryKey<T>(),
+                                        detail::getClassRegistryKey<T>(),
+                                        canBeConst)
+                                   ->getPointer());
+    }
+
+    template <class T>
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return isInstance(L, index, detail::getClassRegistryKey<T>());
+    }
+
+protected:
+    Userdata() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get an untyped pointer to the contained class.
+     */
+    void* getPointer() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_p;
+    }
+
+    void* m_p = nullptr; // subclasses must set this
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Wraps a class object stored in a Lua userdata.
+ *
+ * The lifetime of the object is managed by Lua. The object is constructed inside the userdata using placement new.
+ */
+template <class T>
+class UserdataValue : public Userdata
+{
+public:
+    UserdataValue(const UserdataValue&) = delete;
+    UserdataValue operator=(const UserdataValue&) = delete;
+
+    ~UserdataValue()
+    {
+        if (getPointer() != nullptr)
+        {
+            getObject()->~T();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Push a T via placement new.
+     *
+     * The caller is responsible for calling placement new using the returned uninitialized storage.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     *
+     * @return An object referring to the newly created userdata value.
+     */
+    static UserdataValue<T>* place(lua_State* L, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        auto* ud = new (lua_newuserdata_x<UserdataValue<T>>(L, sizeof(UserdataValue<T>))) UserdataValue<T>();
+
+        lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getClassRegistryKey<T>());
+
+        if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+        {
+            lua_pop(L, 1); // possibly: a nil
+
+            ud->~UserdataValue<T>();
+
+            ec = throw_or_error_code<LuaException>(L, ErrorCode::ClassNotRegistered);
+
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+
+        return ud;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Push T via copy construction from U.
+     *
+     * @tparam U A container type.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     * @param u A container object l-value reference.
+     * @param ec Error code that will be set in case of failure to push on the lua stack.
+     */
+    template <class U>
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const U& u, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        auto* ud = place(L, ec);
+
+        if (!ud)
+            return false;
+
+        new (ud->getObject()) U(u);
+
+        ud->commit();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Push T via move construction from U.
+     *
+     * @tparam U A container type.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     * @param u A container object r-value reference.
+     * @param ec Error code that will be set in case of failure to push on the lua stack.
+     */
+    template <class U>
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, U&& u, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        auto* ud = place(L, ec);
+
+        if (!ud)
+            return false;
+
+        new (ud->getObject()) U(std::move(u));
+
+        ud->commit();
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Confirm object construction.
+     */
+    void commit() noexcept
+    {
+        m_p = getObject();
+    }
+
+    T* getObject() noexcept
+    {
+        // If this fails to compile it means you forgot to provide
+        // a Container specialization for your container!
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(&m_storage);
+    }
+
+private:
+    /**
+     * @brief Used for placement construction.
+     */
+    UserdataValue() noexcept
+        : Userdata()
+    {
+    }
+
+    std::aligned_storage_t<sizeof(T), alignof(T)> m_storage;
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Wraps a pointer to a class object inside a Lua userdata.
+ *
+ * The lifetime of the object is managed by C++.
+ */
+class UserdataPtr : public Userdata
+{
+public:
+    UserdataPtr(const UserdataPtr&) = delete;
+    UserdataPtr operator=(const UserdataPtr&) = delete;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Push non-const pointer to object.
+     *
+     * @tparam T A user registered class.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     * @param p A pointer to the user class instance.
+     * @param ec Error code that will be set in case of failure to push on the lua stack.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T* p, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if (p)
+            return push(L, p, getClassRegistryKey<T>(), ec);
+
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Push const pointer to object.
+     *
+     * @tparam T A user registered class.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     * @param p A pointer to the user class instance.
+     * @param ec Error code that will be set in case of failure to push on the lua stack.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T* p, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if (p)
+            return push(L, p, getConstRegistryKey<T>(), ec);
+
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    /**
+     * @brief Push a pointer to object using metatable key.
+     */
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const void* p, const void* key, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        auto* ptr = new (lua_newuserdata_x<UserdataPtr>(L, sizeof(UserdataPtr))) UserdataPtr(const_cast<void*>(p));
+
+        lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, key);
+
+        if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+        {
+            lua_pop(L, 1); // possibly: a nil
+
+            ptr->~UserdataPtr();
+
+            ec = throw_or_error_code<LuaException>(L, ErrorCode::ClassNotRegistered);
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    explicit UserdataPtr(void* p)
+    {
+        // Can't construct with a null pointer!
+        assert(p != nullptr);
+
+        m_p = p;
+    }
+};
+
+//============================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Wraps a container that references a class object.
+ *
+ * The template argument C is the container type, ContainerTraits must be specialized on C or else a compile error will result.
+ */
+template <class C>
+class UserdataShared : public Userdata
+{
+public:
+    UserdataShared(const UserdataShared&) = delete;
+    UserdataShared& operator=(const UserdataShared&) = delete;
+
+    ~UserdataShared() = default;
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Construct from a container to the class or a derived class.
+     *
+     * @tparam U A container type.
+     *
+     * @param  u A container object reference.
+     */
+    template <class U>
+    explicit UserdataShared(const U& u) : m_c(u)
+    {
+        m_p = const_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>((ContainerTraits<C>::get(m_c))));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Construct from a pointer to the class or a derived class.
+     *
+     * @tparam U A container type.
+     *
+     * @param u A container object pointer.
+     */
+    template <class U>
+    explicit UserdataShared(U* u) : m_c(u)
+    {
+        m_p = const_cast<void*>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>((ContainerTraits<C>::get(m_c))));
+    }
+
+private:
+    C m_c;
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief SFINAE helper for non-const objects.
+ */
+template <class C, bool MakeObjectConst>
+struct UserdataSharedHelper
+{
+    using T = std::remove_const_t<typename ContainerTraits<C>::Type>;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const C& c, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if (ContainerTraits<C>::get(c) != nullptr)
+        {
+            auto* us = new (lua_newuserdata_x<UserdataShared<C>>(L, sizeof(UserdataShared<C>))) UserdataShared<C>(c);
+
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, getClassRegistryKey<T>());
+
+            if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 1); // possibly: a nil
+
+                us->~UserdataShared<C>();
+
+                ec = throw_or_error_code<LuaException>(L, ErrorCode::ClassNotRegistered);
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_pushnil(L);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T* t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if (t)
+        {
+            auto* us = new (lua_newuserdata_x<UserdataShared<C>>(L, sizeof(UserdataShared<C>))) UserdataShared<C>(t);
+
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, getClassRegistryKey<T>());
+
+            if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 1); // possibly: a nil
+
+                us->~UserdataShared<C>();
+
+                ec = throw_or_error_code<LuaException>(L, ErrorCode::ClassNotRegistered);
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_pushnil(L);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief SFINAE helper for const objects.
+ */
+template <class C>
+struct UserdataSharedHelper<C, true>
+{
+    using T = std::remove_const_t<typename ContainerTraits<C>::Type>;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const C& c, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if (ContainerTraits<C>::get(c) != nullptr)
+        {
+            auto* us = new (lua_newuserdata_x<UserdataShared<C>>(L, sizeof(UserdataShared<C>))) UserdataShared<C>(c);
+
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, getConstRegistryKey<T>());
+
+            if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 1); // possibly: a nil
+
+                us->~UserdataShared<C>();
+
+                ec = throw_or_error_code<LuaException>(L, ErrorCode::ClassNotRegistered);
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_pushnil(L);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T* t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if (t)
+        {
+            auto* us = new (lua_newuserdata_x<UserdataShared<C>>(L, sizeof(UserdataShared<C>))) UserdataShared<C>(t);
+
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, getConstRegistryKey<T>());
+
+            if (!lua_istable(L, -1))
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 1); // possibly: a nil
+
+                us->~UserdataShared<C>();
+
+                ec = throw_or_error_code<LuaException>(L, ErrorCode::ClassNotRegistered);
+
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_pushnil(L);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Pass by container.
+ *
+ * The container controls the object lifetime. Typically this will be a lifetime shared by C++ and Lua using a reference count. Because of type
+ * erasure, containers like std::shared_ptr will not work, unless the type hold by them is derived from std::enable_shared_from_this.
+ */
+template <class T, bool ByContainer>
+struct StackHelper
+{
+    using ReturnType = std::remove_const_t<typename ContainerTraits<T>::Type>;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T& t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        return UserdataSharedHelper<T, std::is_const_v<typename ContainerTraits<T>::Type>>::push(L, t, ec);
+    }
+
+    static T get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return ContainerTraits<T>::construct(Userdata::get<ReturnType>(L, index, true));
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Pass by value.
+ *
+ * Lifetime is managed by Lua. A C++ function which accesses a pointer or reference to an object outside the activation record in which it was
+ * retrieved may result in undefined behavior if Lua garbage collected it.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct StackHelper<T, false>
+{
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T& t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        return UserdataValue<T>::push(L, t, ec);
+    }
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T&& t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        return UserdataValue<T>::push(L, std::move(t), ec);
+    }
+
+    static T const& get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return *Userdata::get<T>(L, index, true);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Lua stack conversions for pointers and references to class objects.
+ *
+ * Lifetime is managed by C++. Lua code which remembers a reference to the value may result in undefined behavior if C++ destroys the object.
+ * The handling of the const and volatile qualifiers happens in UserdataPtr.
+ */
+template <class C, bool ByContainer>
+struct RefStackHelper
+{
+    using ReturnType = C;
+    using T = std::remove_const_t<typename ContainerTraits<C>::Type>;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const C& t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        return UserdataSharedHelper<C, std::is_const_v<typename ContainerTraits<C>::Type>>::push(L, t, ec);
+    }
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return ContainerTraits<C>::construct(Userdata::get<T>(L, index, true));
+    }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct RefStackHelper<T, false>
+{
+    using ReturnType = T&;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T& t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        return UserdataPtr::push(L, &t, ec);
+    }
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        T* t = Userdata::get<T>(L, index, true);
+
+        if (!t)
+            luaL_error(L, "nil passed to reference");
+
+        return *t;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Trait class that selects whether to return a user registered class object by value or by reference.
+ */
+template <class T, class Enable = void>
+struct UserdataGetter
+{
+    using ReturnType = T*;
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return Userdata::get<T>(L, index, false);
+    }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct UserdataGetter<T, std::void_t<T (*)()>>
+{
+    using ReturnType = T;
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return StackHelper<T, IsContainer<T>::value>::get(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Lua stack conversions for class objects passed by value.
+ */
+template <class T, class = void>
+struct Stack
+{
+    using IsUserdata = void;
+
+    using Getter = detail::UserdataGetter<T>;
+    using ReturnType = typename Getter::ReturnType;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const T& value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        return detail::StackHelper<T, detail::IsContainer<T>::value>::push(L, value, ec);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, T&& value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        return detail::StackHelper<T, detail::IsContainer<T>::value>::push(L, std::move(value), ec);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return Getter::get(L, index);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return detail::Userdata::isInstance<T>(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Trait class indicating whether the parameter type must be a user registered class.
+ *
+ * The trait checks the existence of member type Stack::IsUserdata specialization for detection.
+ */
+template <class T, class Enable = void>
+struct IsUserdata : std::false_type
+{
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct IsUserdata<T, std::void_t<typename Stack<T>::IsUserdata>> : std::true_type
+{
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Trait class that selects a specific push/get implementation for userdata.
+ */
+template <class T, bool IsUserdata>
+struct StackOpSelector;
+
+// pointer
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<T*, true>
+{
+    using ReturnType = T*;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T* value, std::error_code& ec) { return UserdataPtr::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    static T* get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Userdata::get<T>(L, index, false); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Userdata::isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+// pointer to const
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<const T*, true>
+{
+    using ReturnType = const T*;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T* value, std::error_code& ec) { return UserdataPtr::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    static const T* get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Userdata::get<T>(L, index, true); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Userdata::isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+// l-value reference
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<T&, true>
+{
+    using Helper = RefStackHelper<T, IsContainer<T>::value>;
+    using ReturnType = typename Helper::ReturnType;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T& value, std::error_code& ec) { return UserdataPtr::push(L, &value, ec); }
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::get(L, index); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Userdata::isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+// l-value reference to const
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<const T&, true>
+{
+    using Helper = RefStackHelper<T, IsContainer<T>::value>;
+    using ReturnType = typename Helper::ReturnType;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T& value, std::error_code& ec) { return Helper::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::get(L, index); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Userdata::isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Userdata.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Lua stack traits for C++ types.
+ *
+ * @tparam T A C++ type.
+ */
+template <class T, class>
+struct Stack;
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Specialization for void type.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<void>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State*, std::error_code&)
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Specialization for nullptr_t.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<std::nullptr_t>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, std::nullptr_t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+        
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::nullptr_t get(lua_State*, int)
+    {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_isnil(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Receive the lua_State* as an argument.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<lua_State*>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static lua_State* get(lua_State* L, int)
+    {
+        return L;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for a lua_CFunction.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<lua_CFunction>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, lua_CFunction f, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushcfunction_x(L, f);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static lua_CFunction get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_tocfunction(L, index);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_iscfunction(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `bool`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<bool>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, bool value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushboolean(L, value ? 1 : 0);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_toboolean(L, index) ? true : false;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_isboolean(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::byte`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<std::byte>
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(std::byte) < sizeof(lua_Integer));
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, std::byte value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        pushunsigned(L, std::to_integer<std::make_unsigned_t<lua_Integer>>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::byte get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<std::byte>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<unsigned char>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `char`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<char>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, char value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushlstring(L, &value, 1);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static char get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return luaL_checkstring(L, index)[0];
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING)
+        {
+            std::size_t len;
+            luaL_checklstring(L, index, &len);
+            return len == 1;
+        }
+        
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `int8_t`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<int8_t>
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(int8_t) < sizeof(lua_Integer));
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, int8_t value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static int8_t get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<int8_t>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<int8_t>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `unsigned char`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<unsigned char>
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(unsigned char) < sizeof(lua_Integer));
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, unsigned char value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        pushunsigned(L, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static unsigned char get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<unsigned char>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<unsigned char>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `short`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<short>
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(short) < sizeof(lua_Integer));
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, short value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static short get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<short>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<short>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `unsigned short`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<unsigned short>
+{
+    static_assert(sizeof(unsigned short) < sizeof(lua_Integer));
+    
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, unsigned short value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        pushunsigned(L, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static unsigned short get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<unsigned short>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<unsigned short>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `int`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<int>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, int value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_integral_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static int get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<int>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<int>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `unsigned int`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<unsigned int>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, unsigned int value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_integral_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger);
+            return false;
+        }
+        
+        pushunsigned(L, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static uint32_t get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<unsigned int>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<unsigned int>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `long`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<long>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, long value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_integral_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static long get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<long>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<long>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `unsigned long`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<unsigned long>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, unsigned long value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_integral_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        pushunsigned(L, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static unsigned long get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<unsigned long>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<unsigned long>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `long long`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<long long>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, long long value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_integral_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static long long get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<long long>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<long long>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `unsigned long long`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<unsigned long long>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, unsigned long long value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_integral_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::IntegerDoesntFitIntoLuaInteger);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        pushunsigned(L, value);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static unsigned long long get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<unsigned long long>(luaL_checkinteger(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_integral_representable_by<unsigned long long>(L, index);
+        
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `float`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<float>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, float value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_floating_point_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::FloatingPointDoesntFitIntoLuaNumber);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static float get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<float>(luaL_checknumber(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_floating_point_representable_by<float>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `double`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<double>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, double value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_floating_point_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::FloatingPointDoesntFitIntoLuaNumber);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static double get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<double>(luaL_checknumber(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_floating_point_representable_by<double>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `long double`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<long double>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, long double value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (! is_floating_point_representable_by(value))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::FloatingPointDoesntFitIntoLuaNumber);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_pushnumber(L, static_cast<lua_Number>(value));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static long double get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return static_cast<long double>(luaL_checknumber(L, index));
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+            return is_floating_point_representable_by<long double>(L, index);
+
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `const char*`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<const char*>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const char* str, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        if (str != nullptr)
+            lua_pushstring(L, str);
+        else
+            lua_pushlstring(L, "", 0);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static const char* get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return luaL_checkstring(L, index);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::string_view`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<std::string_view>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, std::string_view str, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushlstring(L, str.data(), str.size());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::string_view get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return luaL_checkstring(L, index);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::string`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<std::string>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const std::string& str, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushlstring(L, str.data(), str.size());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::string get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        std::size_t len;
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING)
+        {
+            const char* str = lua_tolstring(L, index, &len);
+            return std::string(str, len);
+        }
+
+        // Lua reference manual:
+        // If the value is a number, then lua_tolstring also changes the actual value in the stack
+        // to a string. (This change confuses lua_next when lua_tolstring is applied to keys during
+        // a table traversal.)
+        lua_pushvalue(L, index);
+        const char* str = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &len);
+        std::string string(str, len);
+        lua_pop(L, 1); // Pop the temporary string
+        return string;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TSTRING;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::optional`.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct Stack<std::optional<T>>
+{
+    using Type = std::optional<T>;
+    
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const Type& value, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if (value)
+            return Stack<T>::push(L, *value, ec);
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static Type get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNIL)
+            return std::nullopt;
+        
+        return Stack<T>::get(L, index);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_isnil(L, index) || Stack<T>::isInstance(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::tuple`.
+ */
+template <class... Types>
+struct Stack<std::tuple<Types...>>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const std::tuple<Types...>& t, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 3))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(Size), 0);
+
+        return push_element(L, t, ec);
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static std::tuple<Types...> get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (!lua_istable(L, index))
+            luaL_error(L, "#%d argment must be a table", index);
+
+        if (get_length(L, index) != static_cast<int>(Size))
+            luaL_error(L, "table size should be %d but is %d", static_cast<unsigned>(Size), get_length(L, index));
+
+        std::tuple<Types...> value;
+
+        int absIndex = lua_absindex(L, index);
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+
+        pop_element(L, absIndex, value);
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TTABLE && get_length(L, index) == static_cast<int>(Size);
+    }
+
+private:
+    static constexpr std::size_t Size = std::tuple_size_v<std::tuple<Types...>>;
+
+    template <std::size_t Index = 0>
+    static auto push_element(lua_State*, const std::tuple<Types...>&, std::error_code&)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Index == sizeof...(Types), bool>
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t Index = 0>
+    static auto push_element(lua_State* L, const std::tuple<Types...>& t, std::error_code& ec)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Index < sizeof...(Types), bool>
+    {
+        using T = std::tuple_element_t<Index, std::tuple<Types...>>;
+
+        lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(Index + 1));
+
+        std::error_code push_ec;
+        bool result = Stack<T>::push(L, std::get<Index>(t), push_ec);
+        if (! result)
+        {
+            lua_pushnil(L);
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+            ec = push_ec;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        lua_settable(L, -3);
+
+        return push_element<Index + 1>(L, t, ec);
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t Index = 0>
+    static auto pop_element(lua_State*, int, std::tuple<Types...>&)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Index == sizeof...(Types)>
+    {
+    }
+
+    template <std::size_t Index = 0>
+    static auto pop_element(lua_State* L, int absIndex, std::tuple<Types...>& t)
+        -> std::enable_if_t<Index < sizeof...(Types)>
+    {
+        using T = std::tuple_element_t<Index, std::tuple<Types...>>;
+
+        if (lua_next(L, absIndex) == 0)
+            return;
+
+        std::get<Index>(t) = Stack<T>::get(L, -1);
+        lua_pop(L, 1);
+
+        pop_element<Index + 1>(L, absIndex, t);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `T[N]`.
+ */
+template <class T, std::size_t N>
+struct Stack<T[N]>
+{
+    static_assert(N > 0, "Unsupported zero sized array");
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const T (&value)[N], std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+        if constexpr (std::is_same_v<T, char>)
+        {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+            if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+            {
+                ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+                return false;
+            }
+#endif
+
+            lua_pushlstring(L, value, N - 1);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 2))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        const int initialStackSize = lua_gettop(L);
+
+        lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(N), 0);
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < N; ++i)
+        {
+            lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(i + 1));
+
+            std::error_code push_ec;
+            bool result = Stack<T>::push(L, value[i], push_ec);
+            if (! result)
+            {
+                ec = push_ec;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TTABLE && get_length(L, index) == static_cast<int>(N);
+    }
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<T&, false>
+{
+    using ReturnType = T;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T& value, std::error_code& ec) { return Stack<T>::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::get(L, index); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::isInstance(L, index); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<const T&, false>
+{
+    using ReturnType = T;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T& value, std::error_code& ec) { return Stack<T>::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    static auto get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::get(L, index); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::isInstance(L, index); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<T*, false>
+{
+    using ReturnType = T;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, T* value, std::error_code& ec) { return Stack<T>::push(L, *value, ec); }
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::get(L, index); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::isInstance(L, index); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct StackOpSelector<const T*, false>
+{
+    using ReturnType = T;
+
+    static bool push(lua_State* L, const T* value, std::error_code& ec) { return Stack<T>::push(L, *value, ec); }
+
+    static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::get(L, index); }
+
+    static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Stack<T>::isInstance(L, index); }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack<T&, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_array_v<T&>>>
+{
+    using Helper = detail::StackOpSelector<T&, detail::IsUserdata<T>::value>;
+    using ReturnType = typename Helper::ReturnType;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, T& value, std::error_code& ec) { return Helper::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::get(L, index); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::template isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack<const T&, std::enable_if_t<!std::is_array_v<const T&>>>
+{
+    using Helper = detail::StackOpSelector<const T&, detail::IsUserdata<T>::value>;
+    using ReturnType = typename Helper::ReturnType;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const T& value, std::error_code& ec) { return Helper::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static auto get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::get(L, index); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::template isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct Stack<T*>
+{
+    using Helper = detail::StackOpSelector<T*, detail::IsUserdata<T>::value>;
+    using ReturnType = typename Helper::ReturnType;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, T* value, std::error_code& ec) { return Helper::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::get(L, index); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::template isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+template<class T>
+struct Stack<const T*>
+{
+    using Helper = detail::StackOpSelector<const T*, detail::IsUserdata<T>::value>;
+    using ReturnType = typename Helper::ReturnType;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const T* value, std::error_code& ec) { return Helper::push(L, value, ec); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static ReturnType get(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::get(L, index); }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index) { return Helper::template isInstance<T>(L, index); }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Push an object onto the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class T>
+[[nodiscard]] bool push(lua_State* L, const T& t, std::error_code& ec)
+{
+    return Stack<T>::push(L, t, ec);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Get an object from the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class T>
+[[nodiscard]] T get(lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+    return Stack<T>::get(L, index);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Check whether an object on the Lua stack is of type T.
+ */
+template <class T>
+[[nodiscard]] bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+{
+    return Stack<T>::isInstance(L, index);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack restorer.
+ */
+class StackRestore final
+{
+public:
+    StackRestore(lua_State* L)
+        : m_L(L)
+        , m_stackTop(lua_gettop(L))
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~StackRestore()
+    {
+        lua_settop(m_L, m_stackTop);
+    }
+
+private:
+    lua_State* const m_L = nullptr;
+    int m_stackTop = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Stack.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/Vector.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::vector`.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct Stack<std::vector<T>>
+{
+    using Type = std::vector<T>;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const Type& vector, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 3))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        const int initialStackSize = lua_gettop(L);
+        
+        lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(vector.size()), 0);
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vector.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(i + 1));
+            
+            std::error_code errorCode;
+            if (! Stack<T>::push(L, vector[i], errorCode))
+            {
+                ec = errorCode;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+            
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+        }
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static Type get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (!lua_istable(L, index))
+            luaL_error(L, "#%d argument must be a table", index);
+
+        Type vector;
+        vector.reserve(static_cast<std::size_t>(get_length(L, index)));
+
+        int absIndex = lua_absindex(L, index);
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+
+        while (lua_next(L, absIndex) != 0)
+        {
+            vector.emplace_back(Stack<T>::get(L, -1));
+            lua_pop(L, 1);
+        }
+
+        return vector;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_istable(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/Vector.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/UnorderedMap.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::unordered_map`.
+ */
+template <class K, class V>
+struct Stack<std::unordered_map<K, V>>
+{
+    using Type = std::unordered_map<K, V>;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const Type& map, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 3))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        const int initialStackSize = lua_gettop(L);
+        
+        lua_createtable(L, 0, static_cast<int>(map.size()));
+
+        for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it)
+        {
+            std::error_code errorCodeKey;
+            if (! Stack<K>::push(L, it->first, errorCodeKey))
+            {
+                ec = errorCodeKey;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+            
+            std::error_code errorCodeValue;
+            if (! Stack<V>::push(L, it->second, errorCodeValue))
+            {
+                ec = errorCodeValue;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+        }
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static Type get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (!lua_istable(L, index))
+            luaL_error(L, "#%d argument must be a table", index);
+
+        Type map;
+
+        int absIndex = lua_absindex(L, index);
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+
+        while (lua_next(L, absIndex) != 0)
+        {
+            map.emplace(Stack<K>::get(L, -2), Stack<V>::get(L, -1));
+            lua_pop(L, 1);
+        }
+
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_istable(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/UnorderedMap.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/Set.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::set`.
+ */
+template <class K, class V>
+struct Stack<std::set<K, V>>
+{
+    using Type = std::set<K, V>;
+    
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const Type& set, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 3))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        const int initialStackSize = lua_gettop(L);
+        
+        lua_createtable(L, 0, static_cast<int>(set.size()));
+
+        for (auto it = set.begin(); it != set.end(); ++it)
+        {
+            std::error_code errorCodeKey;
+            if (! Stack<K>::push(L, it->first, errorCodeKey))
+            {
+                ec = errorCodeKey;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            std::error_code errorCodeValue;
+            if (! Stack<V>::push(L, it->second, errorCodeValue))
+            {
+                ec = errorCodeValue;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+        }
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static Type get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (!lua_istable(L, index))
+            luaL_error(L, "#%d argument must be a table", index);
+
+        Type set;
+
+        int absIndex = lua_absindex(L, index);
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+
+        while (lua_next(L, absIndex) != 0)
+        {
+            set.emplace(Stack<K>::get(L, -2), Stack<V>::get(L, -1));
+            lua_pop(L, 1);
+        }
+
+        return set;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_istable(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/Set.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/RefCountedObject.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2004-11 by Raw Material Software Ltd.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+//==============================================================================
+/*
+  This is a derivative work used by permission from part of
+  JUCE, available at http://www.rawaterialsoftware.com
+
+  License: The MIT License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php)
+
+  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+  of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+  in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+  to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+  copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+  furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+  copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+  IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+  AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+  OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+  SOFTWARE.
+
+  This file incorporates work covered by the following copyright and
+  permission notice:
+
+    This file is part of the JUCE library - "Jules' Utility Class Extensions"
+    Copyright 2004-11 by Raw Material Software Ltd.
+*/
+//==============================================================================
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+  Adds reference-counting to an object.
+
+  To add reference-counting to a class, derive it from this class, and
+  use the RefCountedObjectPtr class to point to it.
+
+  e.g. @code
+  class MyClass : public RefCountedObjectType
+  {
+      void foo();
+
+      // This is a neat way of declaring a typedef for a pointer class,
+      // rather than typing out the full templated name each time..
+      typedef RefCountedObjectPtr<MyClass> Ptr;
+  };
+
+  MyClass::Ptr p = new MyClass();
+  MyClass::Ptr p2 = p;
+  p = 0;
+  p2->foo();
+  @endcode
+
+  Once a new RefCountedObjectType has been assigned to a pointer, be
+  careful not to delete the object manually.
+*/
+template<class CounterType>
+class RefCountedObjectType
+{
+public:
+    //==============================================================================
+    /** Increments the object's reference count.
+
+        This is done automatically by the smart pointer, but is public just
+        in case it's needed for nefarious purposes.
+    */
+    inline void incReferenceCount() const { ++refCount; }
+
+    /** Decreases the object's reference count.
+
+        If the count gets to zero, the object will be deleted.
+    */
+    inline void decReferenceCount() const
+    {
+        assert(getReferenceCount() > 0);
+
+        if (--refCount == 0)
+            delete this;
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the object's current reference count.
+     * @returns The reference count.
+     */
+    inline int getReferenceCount() const { return static_cast<int>(refCount); }
+
+protected:
+    //==============================================================================
+    /** Creates the reference-counted object (with an initial ref count of zero). */
+    RefCountedObjectType() : refCount() {}
+
+    /** Destructor. */
+    virtual ~RefCountedObjectType()
+    {
+        // it's dangerous to delete an object that's still referenced by something else!
+        assert(getReferenceCount() == 0);
+    }
+
+private:
+    //==============================================================================
+    CounterType mutable refCount;
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+/** Non thread-safe reference counted object.
+
+    This creates a RefCountedObjectType that uses a non-atomic integer
+    as the counter.
+*/
+typedef RefCountedObjectType<int> RefCountedObject;
+
+//==============================================================================
+/**
+    A smart-pointer class which points to a reference-counted object.
+
+    The template parameter specifies the class of the object you want to point
+    to - the easiest way to make a class reference-countable is to simply make
+    it inherit from RefCountedObjectType, but if you need to, you could roll
+    your own reference-countable class by implementing a pair of methods called
+    incReferenceCount() and decReferenceCount().
+
+    When using this class, you'll probably want to create a typedef to
+    abbreviate the full templated name - e.g.
+
+    @code
+
+    typedef RefCountedObjectPtr <MyClass> MyClassPtr;
+
+    @endcode
+*/
+template<class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+class RefCountedObjectPtr
+{
+public:
+    /** The class being referenced by this pointer. */
+    typedef ReferenceCountedObjectClass ReferencedType;
+
+    //==============================================================================
+    /** Creates a pointer to a null object. */
+    inline RefCountedObjectPtr() : referencedObject(0) {}
+
+    /** Creates a pointer to an object.
+        This will increment the object's reference-count if it is non-null.
+
+        @param refCountedObject A reference counted object to own.
+    */
+    inline RefCountedObjectPtr(ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const refCountedObject)
+        : referencedObject(refCountedObject)
+    {
+        if (refCountedObject != 0)
+            refCountedObject->incReferenceCount();
+    }
+
+    /** Copies another pointer.
+        This will increment the object's reference-count (if it is non-null).
+
+        @param other Another pointer.
+    */
+    inline RefCountedObjectPtr(const RefCountedObjectPtr& other)
+        : referencedObject(other.referencedObject)
+    {
+        if (referencedObject != 0)
+            referencedObject->incReferenceCount();
+    }
+
+    /**
+      Takes-over the object from another pointer.
+
+      @param other Another pointer.
+    */
+    inline RefCountedObjectPtr(RefCountedObjectPtr&& other)
+        : referencedObject(other.referencedObject)
+    {
+        other.referencedObject = 0;
+    }
+
+    /** Copies another pointer.
+        This will increment the object's reference-count (if it is non-null).
+
+        @param other Another pointer.
+    */
+    template<class DerivedClass>
+    inline RefCountedObjectPtr(const RefCountedObjectPtr<DerivedClass>& other)
+        : referencedObject(static_cast<ReferenceCountedObjectClass*>(other.getObject()))
+    {
+        if (referencedObject != 0)
+            referencedObject->incReferenceCount();
+    }
+
+    /** Changes this pointer to point at a different object.
+
+        The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
+        deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
+
+        @param other A pointer to assign from.
+        @returns This pointer.
+    */
+    RefCountedObjectPtr& operator=(const RefCountedObjectPtr& other)
+    {
+        return operator=(other.referencedObject);
+    }
+
+    /** Changes this pointer to point at a different object.
+        The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
+        deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
+
+        @param other A pointer to assign from.
+        @returns This pointer.
+    */
+    template<class DerivedClass>
+    RefCountedObjectPtr& operator=(const RefCountedObjectPtr<DerivedClass>& other)
+    {
+        return operator=(static_cast<ReferenceCountedObjectClass*>(other.getObject()));
+    }
+
+    /**
+      Takes-over the object from another pointer.
+
+      @param other A pointer to assign from.
+      @returns This pointer.
+     */
+    RefCountedObjectPtr& operator=(RefCountedObjectPtr&& other)
+    {
+        std::swap(referencedObject, other.referencedObject);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Changes this pointer to point at a different object.
+        The reference count of the old object is decremented, and it might be
+        deleted if it hits zero. The new object's count is incremented.
+
+        @param newObject A reference counted object to own.
+        @returns This pointer.
+    */
+    RefCountedObjectPtr& operator=(ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const newObject)
+    {
+        if (referencedObject != newObject)
+        {
+            if (newObject != 0)
+                newObject->incReferenceCount();
+
+            ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const oldObject = referencedObject;
+            referencedObject = newObject;
+
+            if (oldObject != 0)
+                oldObject->decReferenceCount();
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /** Destructor.
+        This will decrement the object's reference-count, and may delete it if it
+        gets to zero.
+    */
+    ~RefCountedObjectPtr()
+    {
+        if (referencedObject != 0)
+            referencedObject->decReferenceCount();
+    }
+
+    /** Returns the object that this pointer references.
+        The returned pointer may be null.
+
+        @returns The pointee.
+    */
+    operator ReferenceCountedObjectClass*() const { return referencedObject; }
+
+    /** Returns the object that this pointer references.
+        The returned pointer may be null.
+
+        @returns The pointee.
+    */
+    ReferenceCountedObjectClass* operator->() const { return referencedObject; }
+
+    /** Returns the object that this pointer references.
+        The returned pointer may be null.
+
+        @returns The pointee.
+    */
+    ReferenceCountedObjectClass* getObject() const { return referencedObject; }
+
+private:
+    //==============================================================================
+    ReferenceCountedObjectClass* referencedObject;
+};
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template<class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator==(const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1,
+                ReferenceCountedObjectClass* const object2)
+{
+    return object1.getObject() == object2;
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template<class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator==(const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1,
+                const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+    return object1.getObject() == object2.getObject();
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template<class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator==(ReferenceCountedObjectClass* object1,
+                RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+    return object1 == object2.getObject();
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template<class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator!=(const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1,
+                const ReferenceCountedObjectClass* object2)
+{
+    return object1.getObject() != object2;
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template<class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator!=(const RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object1,
+                RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+    return object1.getObject() != object2.getObject();
+}
+
+/** Compares two ReferenceCountedObjectPointers. */
+template<class ReferenceCountedObjectClass>
+bool operator!=(ReferenceCountedObjectClass* object1,
+                RefCountedObjectPtr<ReferenceCountedObjectClass>& object2)
+{
+    return object1 != object2.getObject();
+}
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+template<class T>
+struct ContainerTraits<RefCountedObjectPtr<T>>
+{
+    using Type = T;
+
+    static RefCountedObjectPtr<T> construct(T* c) { return c; }
+
+    static T* get(RefCountedObjectPtr<T> const& c) { return c.getObject(); }
+};
+
+//==============================================================================
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/RefCountedObject.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/Map.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::map`.
+ */
+template <class K, class V>
+struct Stack<std::map<K, V>>
+{
+    using Type = std::map<K, V>;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const Type& map, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 3))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        const int initialStackSize = lua_gettop(L);
+
+        lua_createtable(L, 0, static_cast<int>(map.size()));
+
+        for (auto it = map.begin(); it != map.end(); ++it)
+        {
+            std::error_code errorCodeKey;
+            if (! Stack<K>::push(L, it->first, errorCodeKey))
+            {
+                ec = errorCodeKey;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            std::error_code errorCodeValue;
+            if (! Stack<V>::push(L, it->second, errorCodeValue))
+            {
+                ec = errorCodeValue;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+        }
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static Type get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (!lua_istable(L, index))
+            luaL_error(L, "#%d argument must be a table", index);
+
+        Type map;
+
+        int absIndex = lua_absindex(L, index);
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+
+        while (lua_next(L, absIndex) != 0)
+        {
+            map.emplace(Stack<K>::get(L, -2), Stack<V>::get(L, -1));
+            lua_pop(L, 1);
+        }
+
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_istable(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/Map.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/FuncTraits.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2020, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2019, George Tokmaji
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+namespace detail {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Generic function traits.
+ *
+ * @tparam IsMember True if the function is a member function pointer.
+ * @tparam IsConst True if the function is const.
+ * @tparam R Return type of the function.
+ * @tparam Args Arguments types as variadic parameter pack.
+ */
+template <bool IsMember, bool IsConst, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_base
+{
+    using result_type = R;
+
+    using argument_types = std::tuple<Args...>;
+
+    static constexpr auto arity = sizeof...(Args);
+
+    static constexpr auto is_member = IsMember;
+
+    static constexpr auto is_const = IsConst;
+};
+
+template <class...>
+struct function_traits_impl;
+
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R(Args...)> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (*)(Args...)> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (C::*)(Args...)> : function_traits_base<true, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (C::*)(Args...) const> : function_traits_base<true, true, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R(Args...) noexcept> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (*)(Args...) noexcept> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (C::*)(Args...) noexcept> : function_traits_base<true, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (C::*)(Args...) const noexcept> : function_traits_base<true, true, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+#if _MSC_VER && _M_IX86 // Windows: WINAPI (a.k.a. __stdcall) function pointers (32bit only).
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R __stdcall(Args...)> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (__stdcall *)(Args...)> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (__stdcall C::*)(Args...)> : function_traits_base<true, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (__stdcall C::*)(Args...) const> : function_traits_base<true, true, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R __stdcall(Args...) noexcept> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (__stdcall *)(Args...) noexcept> : function_traits_base<false, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (__stdcall C::*)(Args...) noexcept> : function_traits_base<true, false, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+
+template <class C, class R, class... Args>
+struct function_traits_impl<R (__stdcall C::*)(Args...) const noexcept> : function_traits_base<true, true, R, Args...>
+{
+};
+#endif
+
+template <class F>
+struct functor_traits_impl : function_traits_impl<decltype(&F::operator())>
+{
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Traits class for callable objects (e.g. function pointers, lambdas)
+ *
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <class F>
+struct function_traits : std::conditional_t<std::is_class_v<F>,
+                                            detail::functor_traits_impl<F>,
+                                            detail::function_traits_impl<F>>
+{
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Deduces the return type of a callble object.
+ *
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <class F>
+using function_result_t = typename function_traits<F>::result_type;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Deduces the argument type of a callble object.
+ *
+ * @tparam I Argument index.
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <std::size_t I, class F>
+using function_argument_t = std::tuple_element_t<I, typename function_traits<F>::argument_types>;
+
+/**
+ * @brief Deduces the arguments type of a callble object.
+ *
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <class F>
+using function_arguments_t = typename function_traits<F>::argument_types;
+
+/**
+ * @brief An integral constant expression that gives the number of arguments accepted by the callable object.
+ *
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <class F>
+static constexpr std::size_t function_arity_v = function_traits<F>::arity;
+
+/**
+ * @brief An boolean constant expression that checks if the callable object is a member function.
+ *
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <class F>
+static constexpr bool function_is_member_v = function_traits<F>::is_member;
+
+/**
+ * @brief An boolean constant expression that checks if the callable object is const.
+ *
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <class F>
+static constexpr bool function_is_const_v = function_traits<F>::is_const;
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Detect if we are a `std::function`.
+ *
+ * @tparam F Callable object.
+ */
+template <class F, class...>
+struct is_std_function : std::false_type
+{
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType, class... Args>
+struct is_std_function<std::function<ReturnType(Args...)>> : std::true_type
+{
+};
+
+template <class Signature>
+struct is_std_function<std::function<Signature>> : std::true_type
+{
+};
+
+template <class F>
+static constexpr bool is_std_function_v = is_std_function<F>::value;
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Reconstruct a function signature from return type and args.
+ */
+template <class, class...>
+struct to_std_function_type
+{
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType, class... Args>
+struct to_std_function_type<ReturnType, std::tuple<Args...>>
+{
+    using type = std::function<ReturnType(Args...)>;
+};
+
+template <class ReturnType, class... Args>
+using to_std_function_type_t = typename to_std_function_type<ReturnType, Args...>::type;
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Simple make_tuple alternative that doesn't decay the types.
+ *
+ * @tparam Types Argument types that will compose the tuple.
+ */
+template <class... Types>
+constexpr auto tupleize(Types&&... types)
+{
+    return std::tuple<Types...>(std::forward<Types>(types)...);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Make argument lists extracting them from the lua state, starting at a stack index.
+ *
+ * @tparam ArgsPack Arguments pack to extract from the lua stack.
+ * @tparam Start Start index where stack variables are located in the lua stack.
+ */
+template <class ArgsPack, std::size_t Start, std::size_t... Indices>
+auto make_arguments_list_impl(lua_State* L, std::index_sequence<Indices...>)
+{
+    return tupleize(Stack<std::tuple_element_t<Indices, ArgsPack>>::get(L, Start + Indices)...);
+}
+
+template <class ArgsPack, std::size_t Start>
+auto make_arguments_list(lua_State* L)
+{
+    return make_arguments_list_impl<ArgsPack, Start>(L, std::make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size_v<ArgsPack>>());
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Helpers for iterating through tuple arguments, pushing each argument to the lua stack.
+ */
+template <std::size_t Index = 0, class... Types>
+auto push_arguments(lua_State*, std::tuple<Types...>, std::error_code&)
+    -> std::enable_if_t<Index == sizeof...(Types), std::size_t>
+{
+    return Index + 1;
+}
+
+template <std::size_t Index = 0, class... Types>
+auto push_arguments(lua_State* L, std::tuple<Types...> t, std::error_code& ec)
+    -> std::enable_if_t<Index < sizeof...(Types), std::size_t>
+{
+    using T = std::tuple_element_t<Index, std::tuple<Types...>>;
+
+    std::error_code pec;
+    bool result = Stack<T>::push(L, std::get<Index>(t), pec);
+    if (! result)
+    {
+        ec = pec;
+        return Index + 1;
+    }
+
+    return push_arguments<Index + 1, Types...>(L, std::move(t), ec);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Helpers for iterating through tuple arguments, popping each argument from the lua stack.
+ */
+template <std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t Index = 0, class... Types>
+auto pop_arguments(lua_State*, std::tuple<Types...>&)
+    -> std::enable_if_t<Index == sizeof...(Types), std::size_t>
+{
+    return sizeof...(Types);
+}
+
+template <std::ptrdiff_t Start, std::ptrdiff_t Index = 0, class... Types>
+auto pop_arguments(lua_State* L, std::tuple<Types...>& t)
+    -> std::enable_if_t<Index < sizeof...(Types), std::size_t>
+{
+    using T = std::tuple_element_t<Index, std::tuple<Types...>>;
+
+    std::get<Index>(t) = Stack<T>::get(L, Start - Index);
+
+    return pop_arguments<Start, Index + 1, Types...>(L, t);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Remove first type from tuple.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct remove_first_type
+{
+};
+
+template <class T, class... Ts>
+struct remove_first_type<std::tuple<T, Ts...>>
+{
+    using type = std::tuple<Ts...>;
+};
+
+template <class T>
+using remove_first_type_t = typename remove_first_type<T>::type;
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Function generator.
+ */
+template <class ReturnType, class ArgsPack, std::size_t Start = 1u>
+struct function
+{
+    template <class F>
+    static int call(lua_State* L, F func)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        try
+        {
+#endif
+            std::error_code ec;
+            bool result = Stack<ReturnType>::push(L, std::apply(func, make_arguments_list<ArgsPack, Start>(L)), ec);
+            if (! result)
+                luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", e.what());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "Error while calling function");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    template <class T, class F>
+    static int call(lua_State* L, T* ptr, F func)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        try
+        {
+#endif
+            auto f = [ptr, func](auto&&... args) -> ReturnType { return (ptr->*func)(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); };
+
+            std::error_code ec;
+            bool result = Stack<ReturnType>::push(L, std::apply(f, make_arguments_list<ArgsPack, Start>(L)), ec);
+            if (! result)
+                luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", e.what());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "Error while calling method");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+};
+
+template <class ArgsPack, std::size_t Start>
+struct function<void, ArgsPack, Start>
+{
+    template <class F>
+    static int call(lua_State* L, F func)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        try
+        {
+#endif
+            std::apply(func, make_arguments_list<ArgsPack, Start>(L));
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", e.what());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "Error while calling function");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    template <class T, class F>
+    static int call(lua_State* L, T* ptr, F func)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        try
+        {
+#endif
+            auto f = [ptr, func](auto&&... args) { (ptr->*func)(std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); };
+
+            std::apply(f, make_arguments_list<ArgsPack, Start>(L));
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", e.what());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "Error while calling method");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Constructor generators.
+ *
+ * These templates call operator new with the contents of a type/value list passed to the constructor. Two versions of call() are provided.
+ * One performs a regular new, the other performs a placement new.
+ */
+template <class T, class Args>
+struct constructor;
+
+template <class T>
+struct constructor<T, void>
+{
+    using empty = std::tuple<>;
+
+    static T* call(const empty&)
+    {
+        return new T;
+    }
+
+    static T* call(void* ptr, const empty&)
+    {
+        return new (ptr) T;
+    }
+};
+
+template <class T, class Args>
+struct constructor
+{
+    static T* call(const Args& args)
+    {
+        auto alloc = [](auto&&... args) { return new T{ std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)... }; };
+
+        return std::apply(alloc, args);
+    }
+
+    static T* call(void* ptr, const Args& args)
+    {
+        auto alloc = [ptr](auto&&... args) { return new (ptr) T{ std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)... }; };
+
+        return std::apply(alloc, args);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Factory generators.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct factory
+{
+    template <class F, class Args>
+    static T* call(void* ptr, const F& func, const Args& args)
+    {
+        auto alloc = [ptr, &func](auto&&... args) { return func(ptr, std::forward<decltype(args)>(args)...); };
+
+        return std::apply(alloc, args);
+    }
+
+    template <class F>
+    static T* call(void* ptr, const F& func)
+    {
+        return func(ptr);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/FuncTraits.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/CFunctions.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+namespace detail {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief __index metamethod for a namespace or class static and non-static members.
+ *
+ * Retrieves functions from metatables and properties from propget tables. Looks through the class hierarchy if inheritance is present.
+ */
+inline int index_metamethod(lua_State* L)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 3, detail::error_lua_stack_overflow);
+#endif
+
+    assert(lua_istable(L, 1) || lua_isuserdata(L, 1)); // Stack (further not shown): table | userdata, name
+
+    lua_getmetatable(L, 1); // Stack: class/const table (mt)
+    assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        lua_pushvalue(L, 2); // Stack: mt, field name
+        lua_rawget(L, -2); // Stack: mt, field | nil
+
+        if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) // Stack: mt, field
+        {
+            lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: field
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        assert(lua_isnil(L, -1)); // Stack: mt, nil
+        lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: mt
+
+        lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getPropgetKey()); // Stack: mt, propget table (pg)
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+
+        lua_pushvalue(L, 2); // Stack: mt, pg, field name
+        lua_rawget(L, -2); // Stack: mt, pg, getter | nil
+        lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: mt, getter | nil
+
+        if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) // Stack: mt, getter
+        {
+            lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: getter
+            lua_pushvalue(L, 1); // Stack: getter, table | userdata
+            lua_call(L, 1, 1); // Stack: value
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        assert(lua_isnil(L, -1)); // Stack: mt, nil
+        lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: mt
+
+        // It may mean that the field may be in const table and it's constness violation.
+        // Don't check that, just return nil
+
+        // Repeat the lookup in the parent metafield,
+        // or return nil if the field doesn't exist.
+        lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getParentKey()); // Stack: mt, parent mt | nil
+
+        if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: mt, nil
+        {
+            lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: nil
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        // Removethe  metatable and repeat the search in the parent one.
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: mt, parent mt
+        lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: parent mt
+    }
+
+    // no return
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief __newindex metamethod for non-static members.
+ *
+ * Retrieves properties from propset tables.
+ */
+inline int newindex_metamethod(lua_State* L, bool pushSelf)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 3, detail::error_lua_stack_overflow);
+#endif
+
+    assert(lua_istable(L, 1) || lua_isuserdata(L, 1)); // Stack (further not shown): table | userdata, name, new value
+
+    lua_getmetatable(L, 1); // Stack: metatable (mt)
+    assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getPropsetKey()); // Stack: mt, propset table (ps) | nil
+
+        if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: mt, nil
+        {
+            lua_pop(L, 2); // Stack: -
+            luaL_error(L, "No member named '%s'", lua_tostring(L, 2));
+        }
+
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+
+        lua_pushvalue(L, 2); // Stack: mt, ps, field name
+        lua_rawget(L, -2); // Stack: mt, ps, setter | nil
+        lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: mt, setter | nil
+
+        if (lua_iscfunction(L, -1)) // Stack: mt, setter
+        {
+            lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: setter
+            if (pushSelf)
+                lua_pushvalue(L, 1); // Stack: setter, table | userdata
+            lua_pushvalue(L, 3); // Stack: setter, table | userdata, new value
+            lua_call(L, pushSelf ? 2 : 1, 0); // Stack: -
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        assert(lua_isnil(L, -1)); // Stack: mt, nil
+        lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: mt
+
+        lua_rawgetp(L, -1, getParentKey()); // Stack: mt, parent mt | nil
+
+        if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: mt, nil
+        {
+            lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: -
+            luaL_error(L, "No writable member '%s'", lua_tostring(L, 2));
+        }
+
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: mt, parent mt
+        lua_remove(L, -2); // Stack: parent mt
+        // Repeat the search in the parent
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief __newindex metamethod for objects.
+ */
+inline int newindex_object_metamethod(lua_State* L)
+{
+    return newindex_metamethod(L, true);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief __newindex metamethod for namespace or class static members.
+ *
+ * Retrieves properties from propset tables.
+ */
+inline int newindex_static_metamethod(lua_State* L)
+{
+    return newindex_metamethod(L, false);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to report an error writing to a read-only value.
+ *
+ * The name of the variable is in the first upvalue.
+ */
+inline int read_only_error(lua_State* L)
+{
+    std::string s;
+
+    s = s + "'" + lua_tostring(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)) + "' is read-only";
+
+    luaL_error(L, "%s", s.c_str());
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief __gc metamethod for a class.
+ */
+template <class C>
+static int gc_metamethod(lua_State* L)
+{
+    Userdata* ud = Userdata::getExact<C>(L, 1);
+    assert(ud);
+
+    ud->~Userdata();
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+
+template <class T, class C = void>
+struct property_getter;
+
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to get a variable.
+ *
+ * This is used for global variables or class static data members. The pointer to the data is in the first upvalue.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct property_getter<T, void>
+{
+    static int call(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        assert(lua_islightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+        T* ptr = static_cast<T*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+        assert(ptr != nullptr);
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T&>::push(L, *ptr, ec))
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+};
+
+#if 0
+template <class T>
+struct property_getter<std::reference_wrapper<T>, void>
+{
+    static int call(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        assert(lua_islightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+        std::reference_wrapper<T>* ptr = static_cast<std::reference_wrapper<T>*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+        assert(ptr != nullptr);
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T&>::push(L, ptr->get(), ec))
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to get a class data member.
+ *
+ * The pointer-to-member is in the first upvalue. The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class T, class C>
+struct property_getter
+{
+    static int call(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        C* c = Userdata::get<C>(L, 1, true);
+
+        T C::** mp = static_cast<T C::**>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        try
+        {
+#endif
+            std::error_code ec;
+            if (! Stack<T&>::push(L, c->**mp, ec))
+                luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", e.what());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "Error while getting property");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper function to push a property getter on a table at a specific index.
+ */
+inline void add_property_getter(lua_State* L, const char* name, int tableIndex)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 2, detail::error_lua_stack_overflow);
+#endif
+
+    assert(name != nullptr);
+    assert(lua_istable(L, tableIndex));
+    assert(lua_iscfunction(L, -1)); // Stack: getter
+
+    lua_rawgetp(L, tableIndex, getPropgetKey()); // Stack: getter, propget table (pg)
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // Stack: getter, pg, getter
+    rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // Stack: getter, pg
+    lua_pop(L, 2); // Stack: -
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+
+template <class T, class C = void>
+struct property_setter;
+
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to set a variable.
+ *
+ * This is used for global variables or class static data members. The pointer to the data is in the first upvalue.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct property_setter<T, void>
+{
+    static int call(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        assert(lua_islightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+        T* ptr = static_cast<T*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+        assert(ptr != nullptr);
+
+        *ptr = Stack<T>::get(L, 1);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+#if 0
+template <class T>
+struct property_setter<std::reference_wrapper<T>, void>
+{
+    static int call(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        assert(lua_islightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+        std::reference_wrapper<T>* ptr = static_cast<std::reference_wrapper<T>*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+        assert(ptr != nullptr);
+
+        ptr->get() = Stack<T>::get(L, 1);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to set a class data member.
+ *
+ * The pointer-to-member is in the first upvalue. The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class T, class C>
+struct property_setter
+{
+    static int call(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        C* c = Userdata::get<C>(L, 1, false);
+
+        T C::** mp = static_cast<T C::**>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        try
+        {
+#endif
+            c->** mp = Stack<T>::get(L, 2);
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        }
+        catch (const std::exception& e)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "%s", e.what());
+        }
+        catch (...)
+        {
+            luaL_error(L, "Error while setting property");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Helper function to push a property setter on a table at a specific index.
+ */
+inline void add_property_setter(lua_State* L, const char* name, int tableIndex)
+{
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 2, detail::error_lua_stack_overflow);
+#endif
+
+    assert(name != nullptr);
+    assert(lua_istable(L, tableIndex));
+    assert(lua_iscfunction(L, -1)); // Stack: setter
+
+    lua_rawgetp(L, tableIndex, getPropsetKey()); // Stack: setter, propset table (ps)
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // Stack: setter, ps, setter
+    rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // Stack: setter, ps
+    lua_pop(L, 2); // Stack: -
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to call a class member function with a return value.
+ *
+ * The member function pointer is in the first upvalue. The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class F, class T>
+int invoke_member_function(lua_State* L)
+{
+    using FnTraits = detail::function_traits<F>;
+
+    assert(isfulluserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+    T* ptr = Userdata::get<T>(L, 1, false);
+
+    const F& func = *static_cast<const F*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+    assert(func != nullptr);
+
+    return function<typename FnTraits::result_type, typename FnTraits::argument_types, 2>::call(L, ptr, func);
+}
+
+template <class F, class T>
+int invoke_const_member_function(lua_State* L)
+{
+    using FnTraits = detail::function_traits<F>;
+
+    assert(isfulluserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+    const T* ptr = Userdata::get<T>(L, 1, true);
+
+    const F& func = *static_cast<const F*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+    assert(func != nullptr);
+
+    return function<typename FnTraits::result_type, typename FnTraits::argument_types, 2>::call(L, ptr, func);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to call a class member lua_CFunction.
+ *
+ * The member function pointer is in the first upvalue. The object userdata ('this') value is at top ot the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class T>
+int invoke_member_cfunction(lua_State* L)
+{
+    using F = int (T::*)(lua_State * L);
+
+    assert(isfulluserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+    T* t = Userdata::get<T>(L, 1, false);
+
+    const F& func = *static_cast<const F*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+    assert(func != nullptr);
+
+    return (t->*func)(L);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+int invoke_const_member_cfunction(lua_State* L)
+{
+    using F = int (T::*)(lua_State * L) const;
+
+    assert(isfulluserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+    const T* t = Userdata::get<T>(L, 1, true);
+
+    const F& func = *static_cast<const F*>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+    assert(func != nullptr);
+
+    return (t->*func)(L);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to call on a object via function pointer.
+ *
+ * The proxy function pointer (lightuserdata) is in the first upvalue. The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class F>
+int invoke_proxy_function(lua_State* L)
+{
+    using FnTraits = detail::function_traits<F>;
+
+    assert(lua_islightuserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+    auto func = reinterpret_cast<F>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+    assert(func != nullptr);
+
+    return function<typename FnTraits::result_type, typename FnTraits::argument_types, 1>::call(L, func);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief lua_CFunction to call on a object via functor (lambda wrapped in a std::function).
+ *
+ * The proxy std::function (lightuserdata) is in the first upvalue. The class userdata object is at the top of the Lua stack.
+ */
+template <class F>
+int invoke_proxy_functor(lua_State* L)
+{
+    using FnTraits = detail::function_traits<F>;
+
+    assert(isfulluserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+    auto& func = *align<F>(lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+
+    return function<typename FnTraits::result_type, typename FnTraits::argument_types, 1>::call(L, func);
+}
+
+} // namespace detail
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/CFunctions.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/LuaRef.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, George Tokmaji
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2008, Nigel Atkinson <suprapilot+LuaCode@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+class LuaResult;
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Type tag for representing LUA_TNIL.
+ *
+ * Construct one of these using `LuaNil ()` to represent a Lua nil. This is faster than creating a reference in the registry to nil.
+ * Example:
+ *
+ * @code
+ *     LuaRef t (LuaRef::createTable (L));
+ *     ...
+ *     t ["k"] = LuaNil (); // assign nil
+ * @endcode
+ */
+struct LuaNil
+{
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for LuaNil.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<LuaNil>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const LuaNil&, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_type(L, index) == LUA_TNIL;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Base class for Lua variables and table item reference classes.
+ */
+template <class Impl, class LuaRef>
+class LuaRefBase
+{
+protected:
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Pop the Lua stack.
+     *
+     * Pops the specified number of stack items on destruction. We use this when returning objects, to avoid an explicit temporary
+     * variable, since the destructor executes after the return statement. For example:
+     *
+     * @code
+     *     template <class U>
+     *     U cast (lua_State* L)
+     *     {
+     *         StackPop p (L, 1);
+     *         ...
+     *         return U (); // Destructor called after this line
+     *     }
+     * @endcode
+     *
+     * @note The `StackPop` object must always be a named local variable.
+     */
+    class StackPop
+    {
+    public:
+        /**
+         * @brief Create a StackPop object.
+         *
+         * @param L  A Lua state.
+         * @param count The number of stack entries to pop on destruction.
+         */
+        StackPop(lua_State* L, int count)
+            : m_L(L)
+            , m_count(count) {
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Destroy a StackPop object.
+         *
+         * In case an exception is in flight before the destructor is called, stack is potentially cleared by lua. So we never pop more than
+         * the actual size of the stack.
+         */
+        ~StackPop()
+        {
+            const int stackSize = lua_gettop(m_L);
+
+            lua_pop(m_L, stackSize < m_count ? stackSize : m_count);
+        }
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Set a new number to pop.
+         *
+         * @param newCount The new number of stack entries to pop on destruction.
+         */
+        void popCount(int newCount)
+        {
+            m_count = newCount;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        lua_State* m_L = nullptr;
+        int m_count = 0;
+    };
+
+    friend struct Stack<LuaRef>;
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Type tag for stack construction.
+     */
+    struct FromStack
+    {
+    };
+
+    LuaRefBase(lua_State* L)
+        : m_L(L)
+    {
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a reference to this reference.
+     *
+     * @returns An index in the Lua registry.
+     */
+    int createRef() const
+    {
+        impl().push();
+
+        return luaL_ref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+    }
+
+public:
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Convert to a string using lua_tostring function.
+     *
+     * @returns A string representation of the referred Lua value.
+     */
+    std::string tostring() const
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 2))
+            return {};
+#endif
+
+        StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+        lua_getglobal(m_L, "tostring");
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        lua_call(m_L, 1, 1);
+
+        const char* str = lua_tostring(m_L, -1);
+        return str != nullptr ? str : "";
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Print a text description of the value to a stream.
+     *
+     * This is used for diagnostics.
+     *
+     * @param os An output stream.
+     */
+    void print(std::ostream& os) const
+    {
+        switch (type())
+        {
+        case LUA_TNIL:
+            os << "nil";
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TNUMBER:
+            os << cast<lua_Number>();
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+            os << (cast<bool>() ? "true" : "false");
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TSTRING:
+            os << '"' << cast<const char*>() << '"';
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TTABLE:
+            os << "table: " << tostring();
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+            os << "function: " << tostring();
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+            os << "userdata: " << tostring();
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TTHREAD:
+            os << "thread: " << tostring();
+            break;
+
+        case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+            os << "lightuserdata: " << tostring();
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            os << "unknown";
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Insert a Lua value or table item reference to a stream.
+     *
+     * @param os  An output stream.
+     * @param ref A Lua reference.
+     *
+     * @returns The output stream.
+     */
+    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const LuaRefBase& ref)
+    {
+        ref.print(os);
+        return os;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Retrieve the lua_State associated with the reference.
+     *
+     * @returns A Lua state.
+     */
+    lua_State* state() const
+    {
+        return m_L;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Place the object onto the Lua stack.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     */
+    void push(lua_State* L) const
+    {
+        assert(equalstates(L, m_L));
+        (void) L;
+
+        impl().push();
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Pop the top of Lua stack and assign it to the reference.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     */
+    void pop(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        assert(equalstates(L, m_L));
+        (void) L;
+
+        impl().pop();
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the Lua type of the referred value.
+     *
+     * This invokes lua_type().
+     *
+     * @returns The type of the referred value.
+     *
+     * @see lua_type()
+     */
+    int type() const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        const int refType = lua_type(m_L, -1);
+
+        return refType;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a nil reference.
+     *
+     * @returns True if this is a nil reference, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isNil() const { return type() == LUA_TNIL; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a boolean.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a boolean, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isBool() const { return type() == LUA_TBOOLEAN; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a number.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a number, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isNumber() const { return type() == LUA_TNUMBER; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a string.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a string, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isString() const { return type() == LUA_TSTRING; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a table.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a table, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isTable() const { return type() == LUA_TTABLE; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a function.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a function, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isFunction() const { return type() == LUA_TFUNCTION; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a full userdata.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a full userdata, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isUserdata() const { return type() == LUA_TUSERDATA; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a lua thread (coroutine).
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a lua thread, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isThread() const { return type() == LUA_TTHREAD; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a reference to a light userdata.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a reference to a light userdata, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isLightUserdata() const { return type() == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA; }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is a callable.
+     *
+     * @returns True if it is a callable, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isCallable() const
+    {
+        if (isFunction())
+            return true;
+
+        auto metatable = getMetatable();
+        return metatable.isTable() && metatable["__call"].isFunction();
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Perform an explicit conversion to the type T.
+     *
+     * @returns A value of the type T converted from this reference.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    T cast() const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<T>)
+        {
+            using U = std::underlying_type_t<T>;
+
+            return static_cast<T>(Stack<U>::get(m_L, -1));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return Stack<T>::get(m_L, -1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate if this reference is convertible to the type T.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is convertible to the type T, false otherwise.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool isInstance() const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<T>)
+        {
+            using U = std::underlying_type_t<T>;
+            
+            return Stack<U>::isInstance(m_L, -1);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return Stack<T>::isInstance(m_L, -1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Type cast operator.
+     *
+     * @returns A value of the type T converted from this reference.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    operator T() const
+    {
+        return cast<T>();
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the metatable for the LuaRef.
+     *
+     * @returns A LuaRef holding the metatable of the lua object.
+     */
+    LuaRef getMetatable() const
+    {
+        if (isNil())
+            return LuaRef(m_L);
+
+        StackPop p(m_L, 2);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        if (! lua_getmetatable(m_L, -1))
+        {
+            p.popCount(1);
+            return LuaRef(m_L);
+        }
+
+        return LuaRef::fromStack(m_L);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare this reference with a specified value using lua_compare().
+     *
+     * This invokes metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to compare with.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is equal to the specified one.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool operator==(const T& rhs) const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 2);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, rhs, ec))
+        {
+            p.popCount(1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return lua_compare(m_L, -2, -1, LUA_OPEQ) == 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare this reference with a specified value using lua_compare().
+     *
+     * This invokes metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to compare with.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is not equal to the specified one.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool operator!=(const T& rhs) const
+    {
+        return !(*this == rhs);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare this reference with a specified value using lua_compare().
+     *
+     * This invokes metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to compare with.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is less than the specified one.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool operator<(const T& rhs) const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 2);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, rhs, ec))
+        {
+            p.popCount(1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const int lhsType = lua_type(m_L, -2);
+        const int rhsType = lua_type(m_L, -1);
+        if (lhsType != rhsType)
+            return lhsType < rhsType;
+
+        return lua_compare(m_L, -2, -1, LUA_OPLT) == 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare this reference with a specified value using lua_compare().
+     *
+     * This invokes metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to compare with.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is less than or equal to the specified one.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool operator<=(const T& rhs) const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 2);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, rhs, ec))
+        {
+            p.popCount(1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const int lhsType = lua_type(m_L, -2);
+        const int rhsType = lua_type(m_L, -1);
+        if (lhsType != rhsType)
+            return lhsType <= rhsType;
+
+        return lua_compare(m_L, -2, -1, LUA_OPLE) == 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare this reference with a specified value using lua_compare().
+     *
+     * This invokes metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to compare with.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is greater than the specified one.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool operator>(const T& rhs) const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 2);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, rhs, ec))
+        {
+            p.popCount(1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const int lhsType = lua_type(m_L, -2);
+        const int rhsType = lua_type(m_L, -1);
+        if (lhsType != rhsType)
+            return lhsType > rhsType;
+
+        return lua_compare(m_L, -1, -2, LUA_OPLT) == 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare this reference with a specified value using lua_compare().
+     *
+     * This invokes metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to compare with.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is greater than or equal to the specified one.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool operator>=(const T& rhs) const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 2);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, rhs, ec))
+        {
+            p.popCount(1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const int lhsType = lua_type(m_L, -2);
+        const int rhsType = lua_type(m_L, -1);
+        if (lhsType != rhsType)
+            return lhsType >= rhsType;
+
+        return lua_compare(m_L, -1, -2, LUA_OPLE) == 1;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare this reference with a specified value using lua_compare().
+     *
+     * This does not invoke metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to compare with.
+     *
+     * @returns True if the referred value is equal to the specified one.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    bool rawequal(const T& v) const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 2);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, v, ec))
+        {
+            p.popCount(1);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return lua_rawequal(m_L, -1, -2) == 1;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Append a value to a referred table.
+     *
+     * If the table is a sequence this will add another element to it.
+     *
+     * @param v A value to append to the table.
+     */
+#if 0
+    template <class T>
+    void append(const T& v) const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, v, ec))
+            return;
+
+        luaL_ref(m_L, -2);
+    }
+#endif
+    
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the length of a referred array.
+     *
+     * This is identical to applying the Lua # operator.
+     *
+     * @returns The length of the referred array.
+     */
+    int length() const
+    {
+        StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+        impl().push();
+
+        return get_length(m_L, -1);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Call Lua code.
+     *
+     * The return value is provided as a LuaRef (which may be LUA_REFNIL).
+     *
+     * If an error occurs, a LuaException is thrown (only if exceptions are enabled).
+     *
+     * @returns A result of the call.
+     */
+    template <class... Args>
+    LuaResult operator()(Args&&... args) const;
+
+protected:
+    lua_State* m_L = nullptr;
+
+private:
+    const Impl& impl() const { return static_cast<const Impl&>(*this); }
+
+    Impl& impl() { return static_cast<Impl&>(*this); }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Lightweight reference to a Lua object.
+ *
+ * The reference is maintained for the lifetime of the C++ object.
+ */
+class LuaRef : public LuaRefBase<LuaRef, LuaRef>
+{
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief A proxy for representing table values.
+     */
+    class TableItem : public LuaRefBase<TableItem, LuaRef>
+    {
+        friend class LuaRef;
+
+    public:
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Construct a TableItem from a table value.
+         *
+         * The table is in the registry, and the key is at the top of the stack.
+         * The key is popped off the stack.
+         *
+         * @param L A lua state.
+         * @param tableRef The index of a table in the Lua registry.
+         */
+        TableItem(lua_State* L, int tableRef)
+            : LuaRefBase(L)
+            , m_keyRef(luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX))
+        {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+            luaL_checkstack(m_L, 1, detail::error_lua_stack_overflow);
+#endif
+
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tableRef);
+            m_tableRef = luaL_ref(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Create a TableItem via copy constructor.
+         *
+         * It is best to avoid code paths that invoke this, because it creates an extra temporary Lua reference. Typically this is done by
+         * passing the TableItem parameter as a `const` reference.
+         *
+         * @param other Another Lua table item reference.
+         */
+        TableItem(const TableItem& other)
+            : LuaRefBase(other.m_L)
+        {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+            if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 1))
+                return;
+#endif
+
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, other.m_tableRef);
+            m_tableRef = luaL_ref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, other.m_keyRef);
+            m_keyRef = luaL_ref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Destroy the proxy.
+         *
+         * This does not destroy the table value.
+         */
+        ~TableItem()
+        {
+            if (m_keyRef != LUA_NOREF)
+                luaL_unref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+
+            if (m_tableRef != LUA_NOREF)
+                luaL_unref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Assign a new value to this table key.
+         *
+         * This may invoke metamethods.
+         *
+         * @tparam T The type of a value to assing.
+         *
+         * @param v A value to assign.
+         *
+         * @returns This reference.
+         */
+        template <class T>
+        TableItem& operator=(const T& v)
+        {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+            if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 2))
+                return *this;
+#endif
+
+            StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+
+            std::error_code ec;
+            if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, v, ec))
+                return *this;
+
+            lua_settable(m_L, -3);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Assign a new value to this table key.
+         *
+         * The assignment is raw, no metamethods are invoked.
+         *
+         * @tparam T The type of a value to assing.
+         *
+         * @param v A value to assign.
+         *
+         * @returns This reference.
+         */
+        template <class T>
+        TableItem& rawset(const T& v)
+        {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+            if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 2))
+                return *this;
+#endif
+
+            StackPop p(m_L, 1);
+
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+
+            std::error_code ec;
+            if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, v, ec))
+                return *this;
+
+            lua_rawset(m_L, -3);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Push the value onto the Lua stack.
+         */
+        using LuaRefBase::push;
+
+        void push() const
+        {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+            if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 3))
+                return;
+#endif
+
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_tableRef);
+            lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_keyRef);
+            lua_gettable(m_L, -2);
+            lua_remove(m_L, -2); // remove the table
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Access a table value using a key.
+         *
+         * This invokes metamethods.
+         *
+         * @tparam T The type of a key.
+         *
+         * @param key A key value.
+         *
+         * @returns A Lua table item reference.
+         */
+        template <class T>
+        TableItem operator[](const T& key) const
+        {
+            return LuaRef(*this)[key];
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Access a table value using a key.
+         *
+         * The operation is raw, metamethods are not invoked. The result is passed by value and may not be modified.
+         *
+         * @tparam T The type of a key.
+         *
+         * @param key A key value.
+         *
+         * @returns A Lua value reference.
+         */
+        template <class T>
+        LuaRef rawget(const T& key) const
+        {
+            return LuaRef(*this).rawget(key);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        int m_tableRef = LUA_NOREF;
+        int m_keyRef = LUA_NOREF;
+    };
+
+    friend struct Stack<TableItem>;
+    friend struct Stack<TableItem&>;
+
+    //=========================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a reference to an object at the top of the Lua stack and pop it.
+     *
+     * This constructor is private and not invoked directly. Instead, use the `fromStack` function.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     *
+     * @note The object is popped.
+     */
+    LuaRef(lua_State* L, FromStack)
+        : LuaRefBase(L)
+        , m_ref(luaL_ref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX))
+    {
+    }
+
+    //=========================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a reference to an object on the Lua stack.
+     *
+     * This constructor is private and not invoked directly. Instead, use the `fromStack` function.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     *
+     * @param index The index of the value on the Lua stack.
+     *
+     * @note The object is not popped.
+     */
+    LuaRef(lua_State* L, int index, FromStack)
+        : LuaRefBase(L)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 1))
+            return;
+#endif
+
+        lua_pushvalue(m_L, index);
+        m_ref = luaL_ref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+    }
+
+public:
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Create an invalid reference that will be treated as nil.
+     *
+     * The Lua reference may be assigned later.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     */
+    LuaRef(lua_State* L)
+        : LuaRefBase(L)
+    {
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Push a value onto a Lua stack and return a reference to it.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     * @param v A value to push.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    LuaRef(lua_State* L, const T& v)
+        : LuaRefBase(L)
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, v, ec))
+            return;
+
+        m_ref = luaL_ref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a reference to a table item.
+     *
+     * @param v A table item reference.
+     */
+    LuaRef(const TableItem& v)
+        : LuaRefBase(v.state())
+        , m_ref(v.createRef())
+    {
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a new reference to an existing Lua value.
+     *
+     * @param other An existing reference.
+     */
+    LuaRef(const LuaRef& other)
+        : LuaRefBase(other.m_L)
+        , m_ref(other.createRef())
+    {
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Move a reference to an existing Lua value.
+     *
+     * @param other An existing reference.
+     */
+    LuaRef(LuaRef&& other)
+        : LuaRefBase(other.m_L)
+        , m_ref(std::exchange(other.m_ref, LUA_NOREF))
+    {
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Destroy a reference.
+     *
+     * The corresponding Lua registry reference will be released.
+     *
+     * @note If the state refers to a thread, it is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that the thread still exists when the LuaRef is destroyed.
+     */
+    ~LuaRef()
+    {
+        if (m_ref != LUA_NOREF)
+            luaL_unref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_ref);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Return a reference to a top Lua stack item.
+     *
+     * The stack item is not popped.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to a value on the top of a Lua stack.
+     */
+    static LuaRef fromStack(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        return LuaRef(L, FromStack());
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Return a reference to a Lua stack item with a specified index.
+     *
+     * The stack item is not removed.
+     *
+     * @param L     A Lua state.
+     * @param index An index in the Lua stack.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to a value in a Lua stack.
+     */
+    static LuaRef fromStack(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return LuaRef(L, index, FromStack());
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Create a new empty table on the top of a Lua stack and return a reference to it.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the newly created table.
+     *
+     * @see luabridge::newTable()
+     */
+    static LuaRef newTable(lua_State* L)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+            return { L };
+#endif
+
+        lua_newtable(L);
+        return LuaRef(L, FromStack());
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Return a reference to a named global Lua variable.
+     *
+     * @param L    A Lua state.
+     * @param name The name of a global variable.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the Lua variable.
+     *
+     * @see luabridge::getGlobal()
+     */
+    static LuaRef getGlobal(lua_State* L, const char* name)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 1))
+            return { L };
+#endif
+
+        lua_getglobal(L, name);
+        return LuaRef(L, FromStack());
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Indicate whether it is an invalid reference.
+     *
+     * @returns True if this is an invalid reference, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isValid() const { return m_ref != LUA_NOREF; }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Assign another LuaRef to this LuaRef.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A reference to assign from.
+     *
+     * @returns This reference.
+     */
+    LuaRef& operator=(const LuaRef& rhs)
+    {
+        LuaRef ref(rhs);
+        swap(ref);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Move assign another LuaRef to this LuaRef.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A reference to assign from.
+     *
+     * @returns This reference.
+     */
+    LuaRef& operator=(LuaRef&& rhs)
+    {
+        if (m_ref != LUA_NOREF)
+            luaL_unref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_ref);
+
+        m_L = rhs.m_L;
+        m_ref = std::exchange(rhs.m_ref, LUA_NOREF);
+        
+        return *this;
+    }
+    
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Assign a table item reference.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A table item reference.
+     *
+     * @returns This reference.
+     */
+    LuaRef& operator=(const LuaRef::TableItem& rhs)
+    {
+        LuaRef ref(rhs);
+        swap(ref);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Assign nil to this reference.
+     *
+     * @returns This reference.
+     */
+    LuaRef& operator=(const LuaNil&)
+    {
+        LuaRef ref(m_L);
+        swap(ref);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Assign a different value to this reference.
+     *
+     * @param rhs A value to assign.
+     *
+     * @returns This reference.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    LuaRef& operator=(const T& rhs)
+    {
+        LuaRef ref(m_L, rhs);
+        swap(ref);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Place the object onto the Lua stack.
+     */
+    using LuaRefBase::push;
+
+    void push() const
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 1))
+            return;
+#endif
+
+        lua_rawgeti(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_ref);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Pop the top of Lua stack and assign the ref to m_ref
+     */
+    void pop()
+    {
+        if (m_ref != LUA_NOREF)
+            luaL_unref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, m_ref);
+        
+        m_ref = luaL_ref(m_L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Access a table value using a key.
+     *
+     * This invokes metamethods.
+     *
+     * @param key A key in the table.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the table item.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    TableItem operator[](const T& key) const
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, key, ec))
+            return TableItem(m_L, m_ref);
+
+        return TableItem(m_L, m_ref);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Access a table value using a key.
+     *
+     * The operation is raw, metamethods are not invoked. The result is passed by value and may not be modified.
+     *
+     * @param key A key in the table.
+     *
+     * @returns A reference to the table item.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    LuaRef rawget(const T& key) const
+    {
+        StackPop(m_L, 1);
+
+        push(m_L);
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if (! Stack<T>::push(m_L, key, ec))
+            return LuaRef(m_L);
+
+        lua_rawget(m_L, -2);
+        return LuaRef(m_L, FromStack());
+    }
+
+private:
+    void swap(LuaRef& other)
+    {
+        using std::swap;
+
+        swap(m_L, other.m_L);
+        swap(m_ref, other.m_ref);
+    }
+
+    int m_ref = LUA_NOREF;
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `LuaRef`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<LuaRef>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const LuaRef& v, std::error_code&)
+    {
+        return v.push(L), true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static LuaRef get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return LuaRef::fromStack(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `TableItem`.
+ */
+template <>
+struct Stack<LuaRef::TableItem>
+{
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const LuaRef::TableItem& v, std::error_code&)
+    {
+        return v.push(L), true;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Create a reference to a new, empty table.
+ *
+ * This is a syntactic abbreviation for LuaRef::newTable ().
+ */
+[[nodiscard]] inline LuaRef newTable(lua_State* L)
+{
+    return LuaRef::newTable(L);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Create a reference to a value in the global table.
+ *
+ * This is a syntactic abbreviation for LuaRef::getGlobal ().
+ */
+[[nodiscard]] inline LuaRef getGlobal(lua_State* L, const char* name)
+{
+    return LuaRef::getGlobal(L, name);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief C++ like cast syntax.
+ */
+template <class T>
+[[nodiscard]] T cast(const LuaRef& ref)
+{
+    return ref.cast<T>();
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/LuaRef.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Invoke.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2021, Lucio Asnaghi
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Result of a lua invocation.
+ */
+class LuaResult
+{
+public:
+    /**
+     * @brief Get if the result was ok and didn't raise a lua error.
+     */
+    explicit operator bool() const noexcept
+    {
+        return !m_ec;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return if the invocation was ok and didn't raise a lua error.
+     */
+    bool wasOk() const noexcept
+    {
+        return !m_ec;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return if the invocation did raise a lua error.
+     */
+    bool hasFailed() const noexcept
+    {
+        return !!m_ec;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the error code, if any.
+     *
+     * In case the invcation didn't raise any lua error, the value returned equals to a
+     * default constructed std::error_code.
+     */
+    std::error_code errorCode() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_ec;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the error message, if any.
+     */
+    std::string errorMessage() const noexcept
+    {
+        if (std::holds_alternative<std::string>(m_data))
+        {
+            const auto& message = std::get<std::string>(m_data);
+            return message.empty() ? m_ec.message() : message;
+        }
+
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the number of return values.
+     */
+    std::size_t size() const noexcept
+    {
+        if (std::holds_alternative<std::vector<LuaRef>>(m_data))
+            return std::get<std::vector<LuaRef>>(m_data).size();
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get a return value at a specific index.
+     */
+    LuaRef operator[](std::size_t index) const
+    {
+        assert(m_ec == std::error_code());
+
+        if (std::holds_alternative<std::vector<LuaRef>>(m_data))
+        {
+            const auto& values = std::get<std::vector<LuaRef>>(m_data);
+
+            assert(index < values.size());
+            return values[index];
+        }
+
+        return LuaRef(m_L);
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <class... Args>
+    friend LuaResult call(const LuaRef&, Args&&...);
+
+    static LuaResult errorFromStack(lua_State* L, std::error_code ec)
+    {
+        auto errorString = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+        lua_pop(L, 1);
+
+        return LuaResult(L, ec, errorString ? errorString : ec.message());
+    }
+
+    static LuaResult valuesFromStack(lua_State* L, int stackTop)
+    {
+        std::vector<LuaRef> values;
+
+        const int numReturnedValues = lua_gettop(L) - stackTop;
+        if (numReturnedValues > 0)
+        {
+            values.reserve(numReturnedValues);
+
+            for (int index = numReturnedValues; index > 0; --index)
+                values.emplace_back(LuaRef::fromStack(L, -index));
+
+            lua_pop(L, numReturnedValues);
+        }
+
+        return LuaResult(L, std::move(values));
+    }
+
+    LuaResult(lua_State* L, std::error_code ec, std::string_view errorString)
+        : m_L(L)
+        , m_ec(ec)
+        , m_data(std::string(errorString))
+    {
+    }
+
+    explicit LuaResult(lua_State* L, std::vector<LuaRef> values) noexcept
+        : m_L(L)
+        , m_data(std::move(values))
+    {
+    }
+
+    lua_State* m_L = nullptr;
+    std::error_code m_ec;
+    std::variant<std::vector<LuaRef>, std::string> m_data;
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Safely call Lua code.
+ *
+ * These overloads allow Lua code to be called throught lua_pcall.  The return value is provided as
+ * a LuaResult which will hold the return values or an error if the call failed.
+ *
+ * If an error occurs, a LuaException is thrown or if exceptions are disabled the FunctionResult will
+ * contain a error code and evaluate false.
+ *
+ * @note The function might throw a LuaException if the application is compiled with exceptions on
+ * and they are enabled globally by calling `enableExceptions` in two cases:
+ * - one of the arguments passed cannot be pushed in the stack, for example a unregistered C++ class
+ * - the lua invaction calls the panic handler, which is converted to a C++ exception
+ *
+ * @return A result object.
+*/
+template <class... Args>
+LuaResult call(const LuaRef& object, Args&&... args)
+{
+    lua_State* L = object.state();
+    const int stackTop = lua_gettop(L);
+
+    object.push();
+
+    {
+        std::error_code ec;
+        auto pushedArgs = detail::push_arguments(L, std::forward_as_tuple(args...), ec);
+        if (ec)
+        {
+            lua_pop(L, static_cast<int>(pushedArgs) + 1);
+            return LuaResult(L, ec, ec.message());
+        }
+    }
+
+    int code = lua_pcall(L, sizeof...(Args), LUA_MULTRET, 0);
+    if (code != LUABRIDGE_LUA_OK)
+    {
+        auto ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaFunctionCallFailed);
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+        if (LuaException::areExceptionsEnabled())
+            LuaException::raise(LuaException(L, ec));
+#else
+        return LuaResult::errorFromStack(L, ec);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    return LuaResult::valuesFromStack(L, stackTop);
+}
+
+//=============================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Wrapper for lua_pcall that throws if exceptions are enabled.
+ */
+inline int pcall(lua_State* L, int nargs = 0, int nresults = 0, int msgh = 0)
+{
+    const int code = lua_pcall(L, nargs, nresults, msgh);
+
+#if LUABRIDGE_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+    if (code != LUABRIDGE_LUA_OK && LuaException::areExceptionsEnabled())
+        LuaException::raise(LuaException(L, makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaFunctionCallFailed)));
+#endif
+
+    return code;
+}
+
+//=============================================================================================
+template <class Impl, class LuaRef>
+template <class... Args>
+LuaResult LuaRefBase<Impl, LuaRef>::operator()(Args&&... args) const
+{
+    return call(*this, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Invoke.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Iterator.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2018, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Iterator class to allow table iteration.
+ *
+ * @see Range class.
+ */
+class Iterator
+{
+public:
+    explicit Iterator(const LuaRef& table, bool isEnd = false)
+        : m_L(table.state())
+        , m_table(table)
+        , m_key(table.state()) // m_key is nil
+        , m_value(table.state()) // m_value is nil
+    {
+        if (! isEnd)
+        {
+            next(); // get the first (key, value) pair from table
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return an associated Lua state.
+     *
+     * @return A Lua state.
+     */
+    lua_State* state() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_L;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Dereference the iterator.
+     *
+     * @return A key-value pair for a current table entry.
+     */
+    std::pair<LuaRef, LuaRef> operator*() const
+    {
+        return std::make_pair(m_key, m_value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the value referred by the iterator.
+     *
+     * @return A value for the current table entry.
+     */
+    LuaRef operator->() const
+    {
+        return m_value;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Compare two iterators.
+     *
+     * @param rhs Another iterator.
+     *
+     * @return True if iterators point to the same entry of the same table, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool operator!=(const Iterator& rhs) const
+    {
+        assert(m_L == rhs.m_L);
+
+        return ! m_table.rawequal(rhs.m_table) || ! m_key.rawequal(rhs.m_key);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Move the iterator to the next table entry.
+     *
+     * @return This iterator.
+     */
+    Iterator& operator++()
+    {
+        if (isNil())
+        {
+            // if the iterator reaches the end, do nothing
+            return *this;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            next();
+            return *this;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Check if the iterator points after the last table entry.
+     *
+     * @return True if there are no more table entries to iterate, false otherwise.
+     */
+    bool isNil() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_key.isNil();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the key for the current table entry.
+     *
+     * @return A reference to the entry key.
+     */
+    LuaRef key() const
+    {
+        return m_key;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Return the key for the current table entry.
+     *
+     * @return A reference to the entry value.
+     */
+    LuaRef value() const
+    {
+        return m_value;
+    }
+
+private:
+    // Don't use postfix increment, it is less efficient
+    Iterator operator++(int);
+
+    void next()
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(m_L, 2))
+        {
+            m_key = LuaNil();
+            m_value = LuaNil();
+            return;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        m_table.push();
+        m_key.push();
+
+        if (lua_next(m_L, -2))
+        {
+            m_value.pop();
+            m_key.pop();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            m_key = LuaNil();
+            m_value = LuaNil();
+        }
+
+        lua_pop(m_L, 1);
+    }
+
+    lua_State* m_L = nullptr;
+    LuaRef m_table;
+    LuaRef m_key;
+    LuaRef m_value;
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Range class taking two table iterators.
+ */
+class Range
+{
+public:
+    Range(const Iterator& begin, const Iterator& end)
+        : m_begin(begin)
+        , m_end(end)
+    {
+    }
+
+    const Iterator& begin() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_begin;
+    }
+
+    const Iterator& end() const noexcept
+    {
+        return m_end;
+    }
+
+private:
+    Iterator m_begin;
+    Iterator m_end;
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Return a range for the Lua table reference.
+ *
+ * @return A range suitable for range-based for statement.
+ */
+inline Range pairs(const LuaRef& table)
+{
+    return Range{ Iterator(table, false), Iterator(table, true) };
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Iterator.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Security.h
+
+// https://github.com/vinniefalco/LuaBridge
+// Copyright 2021, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Security options.
+ */
+class Security
+{
+public:
+    static bool hideMetatables() noexcept
+    {
+        return getSettings().hideMetatables;
+    }
+
+    static void setHideMetatables(bool shouldHide) noexcept
+    {
+        getSettings().hideMetatables = shouldHide;
+    }
+
+private:
+    struct Settings
+    {
+        Settings() noexcept
+            : hideMetatables(true)
+        {
+        }
+
+        bool hideMetatables;
+    };
+
+    static Settings& getSettings() noexcept
+    {
+        static Settings settings;
+        return settings;
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Get a global value from the lua_State.
+ *
+ * @note This works on any type specialized by `Stack`, including `LuaRef` and its table proxies.
+*/
+template <class T>
+T getGlobal(lua_State* L, const char* name)
+{
+    lua_getglobal(L, name);
+
+    auto result = luabridge::Stack<T>::get(L, -1);
+    
+    lua_pop(L, 1);
+    
+    return result;
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Set a global value in the lua_State.
+ *
+ * @note This works on any type specialized by `Stack`, including `LuaRef` and its table proxies.
+*/
+template <class T>
+bool setGlobal(lua_State* L, T&& t, const char* name)
+{
+    std::error_code ec;
+    if (push(L, std::forward<T>(t), ec))
+    {
+        lua_setglobal(L, name);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Change whether or not metatables are hidden (on by default).
+ */
+inline void setHideMetatables(bool shouldHide) noexcept
+{
+    Security::setHideMetatables(shouldHide);
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Security.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Namespace.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+namespace detail {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Base for class and namespace registration.
+ *
+ * Maintains Lua stack in the proper state. Once beginNamespace, beginClass or deriveClass is called the parent object upon its destruction
+ * may no longer clear the Lua stack.
+ *
+ * Then endNamespace or endClass is called, a new parent is created and the child transfers the responsibility for clearing stack to it.
+ *
+ * So there can be maximum one "active" registrar object.
+ */
+class Registrar
+{
+protected:
+    Registrar(lua_State* L)
+        : L(L)
+        , m_stackSize(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    Registrar(lua_State* L, int skipStackPops)
+        : L(L)
+        , m_stackSize(0)
+        , m_skipStackPops(skipStackPops)
+    {
+    }
+
+    Registrar(const Registrar& rhs)
+        : L(rhs.L)
+        , m_stackSize(std::exchange(rhs.m_stackSize, 0))
+        , m_skipStackPops(std::exchange(rhs.m_skipStackPops, 0))
+    {
+    }
+
+    Registrar& operator=(const Registrar& rhs)
+    {
+        m_stackSize = rhs.m_stackSize;
+        m_skipStackPops = rhs.m_skipStackPops;
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~Registrar()
+    {
+        const int popsCount = m_stackSize - m_skipStackPops;
+        if (popsCount > 0)
+        {
+            assert(popsCount <= lua_gettop(L));
+
+            lua_pop(L, popsCount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void assertIsActive() const
+    {
+        if (m_stackSize == 0)
+        {
+            throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("Unable to continue registration");
+        }
+    }
+
+    lua_State* const L = nullptr;
+    int mutable m_stackSize = 0;
+    int mutable m_skipStackPops = 0;
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Provides C++ to Lua registration capabilities.
+ *
+ * This class is not instantiated directly, call `getGlobalNamespace` to start the registration process.
+ */
+class Namespace : public detail::Registrar
+{
+    //=============================================================================================
+#if 0
+    /**
+     * @brief Error reporting.
+     *
+     * This function looks handy, why aren't we using it?
+     */
+    static int luaError(lua_State* L, std::string message)
+    {
+        assert(lua_isstring(L, lua_upvalueindex(1)));
+        std::string s;
+
+        // Get information on the caller's caller to format the message,
+        // so the error appears to originate from the Lua source.
+        lua_Debug ar;
+    
+        int result = lua_getstack(L, 2, &ar);
+        if (result != 0)
+        {
+            lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar);
+            s = ar.short_src;
+            if (ar.currentline != -1)
+            {
+                // poor mans int to string to avoid <strstrream>.
+                lua_pushnumber(L, ar.currentline);
+                s = s + ":" + lua_tostring(L, -1) + ": ";
+                lua_pop(L, 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        s = s + message;
+
+        luaL_error(L, "%s", s.c_str());
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Factored base to reduce template instantiations.
+     */
+    class ClassBase : public detail::Registrar
+    {
+    public:
+        explicit ClassBase(Namespace& parent)
+            : Registrar(parent)
+        {
+        }
+
+        using Registrar::operator=;
+
+    protected:
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Create the const table.
+         */
+        void createConstTable(const char* name, bool trueConst = true)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+
+            std::string type_name = std::string(trueConst ? "const " : "") + name;
+
+            // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, const table (co)
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, co
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -2); // co.__metatable = co. Stack: ns, co
+
+            lua_pushstring(L, type_name.c_str());
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getTypeKey()); // co [typeKey] = name. Stack: ns, co
+
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::index_metamethod);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__index");
+
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::newindex_object_metamethod);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__newindex");
+
+            lua_newtable(L);
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropgetKey());
+
+            if (Security::hideMetatables())
+            {
+                lua_pushnil(L);
+                rawsetfield(L, -2, "__metatable");
+            }
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Create the class table.
+         *
+         * The Lua stack should have the const table on top.
+         */
+        void createClassTable(const char* name)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+
+            // Stack: namespace table (ns), const table (co)
+
+            // Class table is the same as const table except the propset table
+            createConstTable(name, false); // Stack: ns, co, cl
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, propset table (ps)
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropsetKey()); // cl [propsetKey] = ps. Stack: ns, co, cl
+
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, co
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getConstKey()); // cl [constKey] = co. Stack: ns, co, cl
+
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, cl
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -3, detail::getClassKey()); // co [classKey] = cl. Stack: ns, co, cl
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Create the static table.
+         */
+        void createStaticTable(const char* name)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+
+            // Stack: namespace table (ns), const table (co), class table (cl)
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, visible static table (vst)
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, static metatable (st)
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, vst, st, st
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -3); // st.__metatable = mt. Stack: ns, co, cl, vst, st
+            lua_insert(L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, vst
+            rawsetfield(L, -5, name); // ns [name] = vst. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+#if 0
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, this);
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &tostringMetaMethod, 1);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__tostring");
+#endif
+
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::index_metamethod);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__index");
+
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::newindex_static_metamethod);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__newindex");
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, proget table (pg)
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropgetKey()); // st [propgetKey] = pg. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, propset table (ps)
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropsetKey()); // st [propsetKey] = pg. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, cl
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getClassKey()); // st [classKey] = cl. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+            if (Security::hideMetatables())
+            {
+                lua_pushnil(L);
+                rawsetfield(L, -2, "__metatable");
+            }
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief lua_CFunction to construct a class object wrapped in a container.
+         */
+        template <class Args, class C>
+        static int ctorContainerProxy(lua_State* L)
+        {
+            using T = typename ContainerTraits<C>::Type;
+
+            T* object = detail::constructor<T, Args>::call(detail::make_arguments_list<Args, 2>(L));
+
+            std::error_code ec;
+            if (! detail::UserdataSharedHelper<C, false>::push(L, object, ec))
+                luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief lua_CFunction to construct a class object in-place in the userdata.
+         */
+        template <class Args, class T>
+        static int ctorPlacementProxy(lua_State* L)
+        {
+            std::error_code ec;
+            detail::UserdataValue<T>* value = detail::UserdataValue<T>::place(L, ec);
+            if (! value)
+                luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+            detail::constructor<T, Args>::call(value->getObject(), detail::make_arguments_list<Args, 2>(L));
+
+            value->commit();
+
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Asserts on stack state.
+         */
+        void assertStackState() const
+        {
+            // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -3));
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -2));
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+        }
+    };
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Provides a class registration in a lua_State.
+     *
+     * After construction the Lua stack holds these objects:
+     *   -1 static table
+     *   -2 class table
+     *   -3 const table
+     *   -4 enclosing namespace table
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    class Class : public ClassBase
+    {
+    public:
+        //=========================================================================================
+
+        /**
+         * @brief Register a new class or add to an existing class registration.
+         *
+         * @param name   The new class name.
+         * @param parent A parent namespace object.
+         */
+        Class(const char* name, Namespace& parent)
+            : ClassBase(parent)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+            rawgetfield(L, -1, name); // Stack: ns, static table (st) | nil
+
+            if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: ns, nil
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: ns
+
+                createConstTable(name); // Stack: ns, const table (co)
+#if !defined(LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU)
+                lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::gc_metamethod<T>); // Stack: ns, co, function
+                rawsetfield(L, -2, "__gc"); // co ["__gc"] = function. Stack: ns, co
+#endif
+                ++m_stackSize;
+
+                createClassTable(name); // Stack: ns, co, class table (cl)
+#if !defined(LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU)
+                lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::gc_metamethod<T>); // Stack: ns, co, cl, function
+                rawsetfield(L, -2, "__gc"); // cl ["__gc"] = function. Stack: ns, co, cl
+#endif
+                ++m_stackSize;
+
+                createStaticTable(name); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+                ++m_stackSize;
+
+                // Map T back to its tables.
+                lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, st
+                lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getStaticRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+                lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, cl
+                lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getClassRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+                lua_pushvalue(L, -3); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, co
+                lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getConstRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: ns, st
+                ++m_stackSize;
+
+                // Map T back from its stored tables
+
+                lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getConstRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, st, co
+                lua_insert(L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, st
+                ++m_stackSize;
+
+                lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getClassRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, co, st, cl
+                lua_insert(L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+                ++m_stackSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Derive a new class.
+         *
+         * @param name The class name.
+         * @param parent A parent namespace object.
+         * @param staticKey Key where the class is stored.
+        */
+        Class(const char* name, Namespace& parent, void const* const staticKey)
+            : ClassBase(parent)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+            createConstTable(name); // Stack: ns, const table (co)
+#if !defined(LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU)
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::gc_metamethod<T>); // Stack: ns, co, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__gc"); // co ["__gc"] = function. Stack: ns, co
+#endif
+            ++m_stackSize;
+
+            createClassTable(name); // Stack: ns, co, class table (cl)
+#if !defined(LUABRIDGE_ON_LUAU)
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::gc_metamethod<T>); // Stack: ns, co, cl, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__gc"); // cl ["__gc"] = function. Stack: ns, co, cl
+#endif
+            ++m_stackSize;
+
+            createStaticTable(name); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+            ++m_stackSize;
+
+            lua_rawgetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, staticKey); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, parent st (pst) | nil
+            if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, nil
+            {
+                lua_pop(L, 1);
+
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("Base class is not registered");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst
+
+            lua_rawgetp(L, -1, detail::getClassKey()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst, parent cl (pcl)
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+
+            lua_rawgetp(L, -1, detail::getConstKey()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst, pcl, parent co (pco)
+            assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -6, detail::getParentKey()); // co [parentKey] = pco. Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst, pcl
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -4, detail::getParentKey()); // cl [parentKey] = pcl. Stack: ns, co, cl, st, pst
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getParentKey()); // st [parentKey] = pst. Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, st
+            lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getStaticRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -2); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, cl
+            lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getClassRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -3); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st, co
+            lua_rawsetp(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, detail::getConstRegistryKey<T>()); // Stack: ns, co, cl, st
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Continue registration in the enclosing namespace.
+         *
+         * @returns A parent registration object.
+         */
+        Namespace endClass()
+        {
+            assert(m_stackSize > 3);
+
+            m_stackSize -= 3;
+            lua_pop(L, 3);
+            return Namespace(*this);
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a static property.
+         *
+         * @tparam U The type of the property.
+         *
+         * @param name The property name.
+         * @param value A property value pointer.
+         * @param isWritable True for a read-write, false for read-only property.
+         *
+         * @returns This class registration object.
+         */
+        template <class U>
+        Class<T>& addStaticProperty(const char* name, U* value, bool isWritable = true)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, value); // Stack: co, cl, st, pointer
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::property_getter<U>::call, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            if (isWritable)
+            {
+                lua_pushlightuserdata(L, value); // Stack: co, cl, st, ps, pointer
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::property_setter<U>::call, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, ps, setter
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                lua_pushstring(L, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, name
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::read_only_error, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            }
+
+            detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a static property member.
+         *
+         * @tparam U The type of the property.
+         *
+         * @param name The property name.
+         * @param get A property getter function pointer.
+         * @param set A property setter function pointer, optional, nullable. Omit or pass nullptr for a read-only property.
+         *
+         * @returns This class registration object.
+         */
+        template <class U>
+        Class<T>& addStaticProperty(const char* name, U (*get)(), void (*set)(U) = nullptr)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(get)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<U (*)()>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            if (set != nullptr)
+            {
+                lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(set)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<void (*)(U)>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                lua_pushstring(L, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, ps, name
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::read_only_error, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            }
+
+            detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a static member function.
+         */
+        template <class Function, typename = std::enable_if_t<std::is_pointer_v<Function>>>
+        Class<T>& addStaticFunction(const char* name, Function fp)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(fp)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<Function>, 1); // co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a static member function for constructible by std::function.
+         */
+        template <class Function, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer_v<Function>>>
+        Class<T> addStaticFunction(const char* name, Function function)
+        {
+            using FnType = decltype(function);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_newuserdata_aligned<FnType>(L, std::move(function)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<FnType>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a lua_CFunction.
+         *
+         * @param name The name of the function.
+         * @param fp   A C-function pointer.
+         *
+         * @returns This class registration object.
+         */
+        Class<T>& addStaticFunction(const char* name, lua_CFunction fp)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, fp); // co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a property member.
+         */
+        template <class U, class V>
+        Class<T>& addProperty(const char* name, U V::*mp, bool isWritable = true)
+        {
+            static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<V, T>);
+
+            using MemberPtrType = decltype(mp);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            new (lua_newuserdata_x<MemberPtrType>(L, sizeof(MemberPtrType))) MemberPtrType(mp); // Stack: co, cl, st, field ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::property_getter<U, T>::call, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            if (isWritable)
+            {
+                new (lua_newuserdata_x<MemberPtrType>(L, sizeof(MemberPtrType))) MemberPtrType(mp); // Stack: co, cl, st, field ptr
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::property_setter<U, T>::call, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+                detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+            }
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a property member.
+         */
+        template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+        Class<T>& addProperty(const char* name, TG (T::*get)() const, void (T::*set)(TS) = nullptr)
+        {
+            using GetType = TG (T::*)() const;
+            using SetType = void (T::*)(TS);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            new (lua_newuserdata_x<GetType>(L, sizeof(GetType))) GetType(get); // Stack: co, cl, st, funcion ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_const_member_function<GetType, T>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            if (set != nullptr)
+            {
+                new (lua_newuserdata_x<SetType>(L, sizeof(SetType))) SetType(set); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_member_function<SetType, T>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+                detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+            }
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a property member.
+         */
+        template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+        Class<T>& addProperty(const char* name, TG (T::*get)(lua_State*) const, void (T::*set)(TS, lua_State*) = nullptr)
+        {
+            using GetType = TG (T::*)(lua_State*) const;
+            using SetType = void (T::*)(TS, lua_State*);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            new (lua_newuserdata_x<GetType>(L, sizeof(GetType))) GetType(get); // Stack: co, cl, st, funcion ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_const_member_function<GetType, T>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            if (set != nullptr)
+            {
+                new (lua_newuserdata_x<SetType>(L, sizeof(SetType))) SetType(set); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_member_function<SetType, T>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+                detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+            }
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a property member, by proxy.
+         *
+         * When a class is closed for modification and does not provide (or cannot provide) the function signatures necessary to implement
+         * get or set for a property, this will allow non-member functions act as proxies.
+         *
+         * Both the get and the set functions require a T const* and T* in the first argument respectively.
+         */
+        template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+        Class<T>& addProperty(const char* name, TG (*get)(T const*), void (*set)(T*, TS) = nullptr)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(get)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<TG (*)(const T*)>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st,, getter, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            if (set != nullptr)
+            {
+                lua_pushlightuserdata( L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(set)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+                lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<void (*)(T*, TS)>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+                detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+            }
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a property member, by proxy C-function.
+         *
+         * When a class is closed for modification and does not provide (or cannot provide) the function signatures necessary to implement
+         * get or set for a property, this will allow non-member functions act as proxies.
+         *
+         * The object userdata ('this') value is at the index 1.
+         * The new value for set function is at the index 2.
+         */
+        Class<T>& addProperty(const char* name, lua_CFunction get, lua_CFunction set = nullptr)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, get);
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st,, getter, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -5); // Stack: co, cl, st,, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st,
+
+            if (set != nullptr)
+            {
+                lua_pushcfunction_x(L, set);
+                detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st,
+            }
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a property member, by constructible by std::function.
+         */
+        template <class Getter, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer_v<Getter>>>
+        Class<T>& addProperty(const char* name, Getter get)
+        {
+            using FirstArg = detail::function_argument_t<0, Getter>;
+            static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<std::remove_pointer_t<FirstArg>>, T>);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            using GetType = decltype(get);
+
+            lua_newuserdata_aligned<GetType>(L, std::move(get)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<GetType>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -4); // Stack: co, cl, st, getter
+            detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -4); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <class Getter, class Setter, typename = std::enable_if_t<!std::is_pointer_v<Getter> && !std::is_pointer_v<Setter>>>
+        Class<T>& addProperty(const char* name, Getter get, Setter set)
+        {
+            addProperty<Getter>(name, std::move(get));
+
+            using FirstArg = detail::function_argument_t<0, Setter>;
+            static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<std::remove_pointer_t<FirstArg>>, T>);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            using SetType = decltype(set);
+
+            lua_newuserdata_aligned<SetType>(L, std::move(set)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<SetType>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, setter
+            detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -3); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a namespace function by convertible to std::function (capturing lambdas).
+         */
+        template <class Function, typename = std::enable_if_t<detail::function_arity_v<Function> != 0>>
+        Class<T> addFunction(const char* name, Function function)
+        {
+            using FnType = decltype(function);
+
+            using FirstArg = detail::function_argument_t<0, Function>;
+            static_assert(std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<std::remove_pointer_t<FirstArg>>, T>);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            lua_newuserdata_aligned<FnType>(L, std::move(function)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<FnType>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+
+            if constexpr (! std::is_const_v<std::remove_reference_t<std::remove_pointer_t<FirstArg>>>)
+            {
+                rawsetfield(L, -3, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function, function
+                rawsetfield(L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+                rawsetfield(L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+            }
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a member function.
+         */
+        template <class U, class ReturnType, class... Params>
+        Class<T>& addFunction(const char* name, ReturnType (U::*mf)(Params...))
+        {
+            static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<U, T>);
+
+            using MemFn = decltype(mf);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            new (lua_newuserdata_x<MemFn>(L, sizeof(MemFn))) MemFn(mf);
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_member_function<MemFn, T>, 1);
+            rawsetfield(L, -3, name); // class table
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <class U, class ReturnType, class... Params>
+        Class<T>& addFunction(const char* name, ReturnType (U::*mf)(Params...) const)
+        {
+            static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<U, T>);
+
+            using MemFn = decltype(mf);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            new (lua_newuserdata_x<MemFn>(L, sizeof(MemFn))) MemFn(mf);
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_const_member_function<MemFn, T>, 1);
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+            rawsetfield(L, -5, name); // const table
+            rawsetfield(L, -3, name); // class table
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a proxy function.
+         */
+        template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+        Class<T>& addFunction(const char* name, ReturnType (*proxyFn)(T* object, Params...))
+        {
+            using FnType = decltype(proxyFn);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(proxyFn)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<FnType>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -3, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+        Class<T>& addFunction(const char* name, ReturnType (*proxyFn)(const T* object, Params...))
+        {
+            using FnType = decltype(proxyFn);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(proxyFn)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<FnType>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a member lua_CFunction.
+         */
+        template <class U>
+        Class<T>& addFunction(const char* name, int (U::*mfp)(lua_State*))
+        {
+            static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<U, T>);
+
+            using F = decltype(mfp);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            new (lua_newuserdata_x<F>(L, sizeof(mfp))) F(mfp); // Stack: co, cl, st, function ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_member_cfunction<T>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -3, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a const member lua_CFunction.
+         */
+        template <class U>
+        Class<T>& addFunction(const char* name, int (U::*mfp)(lua_State*) const)
+        {
+            static_assert(std::is_base_of_v<U, T>);
+
+            using F = decltype(mfp);
+
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            new (lua_newuserdata_x<F>(L, sizeof(mfp))) F(mfp);
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_const_member_cfunction<T>, 1);
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -4, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a free lua_CFunction that works as a member.
+         *
+         * This object is at top of the stack, then all other arguments.
+         */
+        Class<T>& addFunction(const char* name, lua_CFunction fp)
+        {
+            assert(name != nullptr);
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            if (name == std::string_view("__gc"))
+            {
+                throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("__gc metamethod registration is forbidden");
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, fp); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -3, name); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a primary Constructor.
+         *
+         * The primary Constructor is invoked when calling the class type table like a function.
+         *
+         * The template parameter should be a function pointer type that matches the desired Constructor (since you can't take the
+         * address of a Constructor and pass it as an argument).
+         */
+        template <class MemFn, class C>
+        Class<T>& addConstructor()
+        {
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &ctorContainerProxy<detail::function_arguments_t<MemFn>, C>, 0);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__call");
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <class MemFn>
+        Class<T>& addConstructor()
+        {
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &ctorPlacementProxy<detail::function_arguments_t<MemFn>, T>, 0);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__call");
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        //=========================================================================================
+        /**
+         * @brief Add or replace a factory.
+         *
+         * The primary Constructor is invoked when calling the class type table like a function.
+         *
+         * The template parameter should be a function pointer type that matches the desired Constructor (since you can't take the
+         * address of a Constructor and pass it as an argument).
+         */
+        template <class Function>
+        Class<T> addConstructor(Function function)
+        {
+            assertStackState(); // Stack: const table (co), class table (cl), static table (st)
+
+            auto factory = [function = std::move(function)](lua_State* L) -> T*
+            {
+                std::error_code ec;
+                detail::UserdataValue<T>* value = detail::UserdataValue<T>::place(L, ec);
+                if (! value)
+                    luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+
+                using FnTraits = detail::function_traits<Function>;
+                using FnArgs = detail::remove_first_type_t<typename FnTraits::argument_types>;
+
+                T* obj = detail::factory<T>::call(value->getObject(), function, detail::make_arguments_list<FnArgs, 2>(L));
+
+                value->commit();
+
+                return obj;
+            };
+
+            using FactoryFnType = decltype(factory);
+
+            lua_newuserdata_aligned<FactoryFnType>(L, std::move(factory)); // Stack: co, cl, st, function userdata (ud)
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<FactoryFnType>, 1); // Stack: co, cl, st, function
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__call"); // Stack: co, cl, st
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+    };
+
+private:
+    struct FromStack {};
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Open the global namespace for registrations.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     */
+    explicit Namespace(lua_State* L)
+        : Registrar(L)
+    {
+        lua_getglobal(L, "_G");
+
+        ++m_stackSize;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Open the a namespace for registrations from a table on top of the stack.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     */
+    Namespace(lua_State* L, FromStack)
+        : Registrar(L, 1)
+    {
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1));
+
+        {
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: ns, mt
+
+            // ns.__metatable = ns
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -2); // Stack: ns, mt
+
+            // ns.__index = index_metamethod
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::index_metamethod);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__index"); // Stack: ns
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, mt, propget table (pg)
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropgetKey()); // ns [propgetKey] = pg. Stack: ns
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: ns, mt, propset table (ps)
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropsetKey()); // ns [propsetKey] = ps. Stack: ns
+        }
+
+        ++m_stackSize;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Open a namespace for registrations.
+     *
+     * The namespace is created if it doesn't already exist.
+     *
+     * @param name The namespace name.
+     * @param parent The parent namespace object.
+     *
+     * @pre The parent namespace is at the top of the Lua stack.
+     */
+    Namespace(const char* name, Namespace& parent)
+        : Registrar(parent)
+    {
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: parent namespace (pns)
+
+        rawgetfield(L, -1, name); // Stack: pns, namespace (ns) | nil
+
+        if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) // Stack: pns, nil
+        {
+            lua_pop(L, 1); // Stack: pns
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: pns, ns
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: pns, ns, mt
+
+            // ns.__metatable = ns
+            lua_setmetatable(L, -2); // Stack: pns, ns
+
+            // ns.__index = index_metamethod
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::index_metamethod);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__index"); // Stack: pns, ns
+
+            // ns.__newindex = newindex_static_metamethod
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, &detail::newindex_static_metamethod);
+            rawsetfield(L, -2, "__newindex"); // Stack: pns, ns
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: pns, ns, propget table (pg)
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropgetKey()); // ns [propgetKey] = pg. Stack: pns, ns
+
+            lua_newtable(L); // Stack: pns, ns, propset table (ps)
+            lua_rawsetp(L, -2, detail::getPropsetKey()); // ns [propsetKey] = ps. Stack: pns, ns
+
+            // pns [name] = ns
+            lua_pushvalue(L, -1); // Stack: pns, ns, ns
+            rawsetfield(L, -3, name); // Stack: pns, ns
+        }
+
+        ++m_stackSize;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Close the class and continue the namespace registrations.
+     *
+     * @param child A child class registration object.
+     */
+    explicit Namespace(ClassBase& child)
+        : Registrar(child)
+    {
+    }
+
+    using Registrar::operator=;
+
+public:
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Retrieve the global namespace.
+     *
+     * It is recommended to put your namespace inside the global namespace, and then add your classes and functions to it, rather than
+     * adding many classes and functions directly to the global namespace.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     *
+     * @returns A namespace registration object.
+     */
+    static Namespace getGlobalNamespace(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        return Namespace(L);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Retrieve the namespace on top of the stack.
+     *
+     * You should have a table on top of the stack before calling this function. It will then use the table there as destination for registrations.
+     *
+     * @param L A Lua state.
+     *
+     * @returns A namespace registration object.
+     */
+    static Namespace getNamespaceFromStack(lua_State* L)
+    {
+        return Namespace(L, FromStack{});
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Open a new or existing namespace for registrations.
+     *
+     * @param name The namespace name.
+     *
+     * @returns A namespace registration object.
+     */
+    Namespace beginNamespace(const char* name)
+    {
+        assertIsActive();
+        return Namespace(name, *this);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Continue namespace registration in the parent.
+     *
+     * Do not use this on the global namespace.
+     *
+     * @returns A parent namespace registration object.
+     */
+    Namespace endNamespace()
+    {
+        if (m_stackSize == 1)
+        {
+            throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("endNamespace() called on global namespace");
+
+            return Namespace(*this);
+        }
+
+        assert(m_stackSize > 1);
+        --m_stackSize;
+        lua_pop(L, 1);
+        return Namespace(*this);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a variable.
+     *
+     * @param name The property name.
+     * @param value A value pointer.
+     *
+     * @returns This namespace registration object.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    Namespace& addVariable(const char* name, const T& value)
+    {
+        if (m_stackSize == 1)
+        {
+            throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("addVariable() called on global namespace");
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        std::error_code ec;
+        if constexpr (std::is_enum_v<T>)
+        {
+            using U = std::underlying_type_t<T>;
+            
+            if (! Stack<U>::push(L, static_cast<U>(value), ec))
+                luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (! Stack<T>::push(L, value, ec))
+                luaL_error(L, "%s", ec.message().c_str());
+        }
+
+        rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // Stack: ns
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a property.
+     *
+     * @param name The property name.
+     * @param value A value pointer.
+     * @param isWritable True for a read-write, false for read-only property.
+     *
+     * @returns This namespace registration object.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    Namespace& addProperty(const char* name, T* value, bool isWritable = true)
+    {
+        if (m_stackSize == 1)
+        {
+            throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("addProperty() called on global namespace");
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, value); // Stack: ns, pointer
+        lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::property_getter<T>::call, 1); // Stack: ns, getter
+        detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+
+        if (isWritable)
+        {
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, value); // Stack: ns, pointer
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::property_setter<T>::call, 1); // Stack: ns, setter
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_pushstring(L, name); // Stack: ns, ps, name
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::read_only_error, 1); // Stack: ns, function
+        }
+
+        detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a property.
+     *
+     * If the set function is omitted or null, the property is read-only.
+     *
+     * @param name The property name.
+     * @param get  A pointer to a property getter function.
+     * @param set  A pointer to a property setter function, optional.
+     *
+     * @returns This namespace registration object.
+     */
+    template <class TG, class TS = TG>
+    Namespace& addProperty(const char* name, TG (*get)(), void (*set)(TS) = nullptr)
+    {
+        if (m_stackSize == 1)
+        {
+            throw_or_assert<std::logic_error>("addProperty() called on global namespace");
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(get)); // Stack: ns, function ptr
+        lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<TG (*)()>, 1); // Stack: ns, getter
+        detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -2);
+
+        if (set != nullptr)
+        {
+            lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(set)); // Stack: ns, function ptr
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<void (*)(TS)>, 1);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_pushstring(L, name);
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::read_only_error, 1);
+        }
+
+        detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a readonly property.
+     *
+     * @param name The property name.
+     * @param get  A pointer to a property getter function.
+     *
+     * @returns This namespace registration object.
+     */
+    template <class Getter>
+    Namespace& addProperty(const char* name, Getter get)
+    {
+        using GetType = decltype(get);
+
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        lua_newuserdata_aligned<GetType>(L, std::move(get)); // Stack: ns, function userdata (ud)
+        lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<GetType>, 1); // Stack: ns, ud, getter
+        detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns, ud, getter
+
+        lua_pushstring(L, name); // Stack: ns, name
+        lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::read_only_error, 1); // Stack: ns, name, function
+        detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a mutable property.
+     *
+     * @param name The property name.
+     * @param get  A pointer to a property getter function.
+     * @param set  A pointer to a property setter function.
+     *
+     * @returns This namespace registration object.
+     */
+    template <class Getter, class Setter>
+    Namespace& addProperty(const char* name, Getter get, Setter set)
+    {
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        addProperty<Getter>(name, std::move(get));
+
+        using SetType = decltype(set);
+
+        lua_newuserdata_aligned<SetType>(L, std::move(set)); // Stack: ns, function userdata (ud)
+        lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<SetType>, 1); // Stack: ns, ud, getter
+        detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns, ud, getter
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a property.
+     *
+     * If the set function is omitted or null, the property is read-only.
+     *
+     * @param name The property name.
+     * @param get  A pointer to a property getter function.
+     * @param set  A pointer to a property setter function, optional.
+     *
+     * @returns This namespace registration object.
+     */
+    Namespace& addProperty(const char* name, lua_CFunction get, lua_CFunction set = nullptr)
+    {
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        lua_pushcfunction_x(L, get); // Stack: ns, getter
+        detail::add_property_getter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+
+        if (set != nullptr)
+        {
+            lua_pushcfunction_x(L, set); // Stack: ns, setter
+            detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            lua_pushstring(L, name); // Stack: ns, name
+            lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::read_only_error, 1); // Stack: ns, name, function
+            detail::add_property_setter(L, name, -2); // Stack: ns
+        }
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a namespace function by convertible to std::function.
+     */
+    template <class Function>
+    Namespace& addFunction(const char* name, Function function)
+    {
+        using FnType = decltype(function);
+
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        lua_newuserdata_aligned<FnType>(L, std::move(function)); // Stack: ns, function userdata (ud)
+        lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_functor<FnType>, 1); // Stack: ns, function
+        rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // Stack: ns
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a free function.
+     */
+    template <class ReturnType, class... Params>
+    Namespace& addFunction(const char* name, ReturnType (*fp)(Params...))
+    {
+        using FnType = decltype(fp);
+
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        lua_pushlightuserdata(L, reinterpret_cast<void*>(fp)); // Stack: ns, function ptr
+        lua_pushcclosure_x(L, &detail::invoke_proxy_function<FnType>, 1); // Stack: ns, function
+        rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // Stack: ns
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Add or replace a lua_CFunction.
+     *
+     * @param name The function name.
+     * @param fp   A C-function pointer.
+     *
+     * @returns This namespace registration object.
+     */
+    Namespace& addFunction(const char* name, lua_CFunction fp)
+    {
+        assert(name != nullptr);
+        assert(lua_istable(L, -1)); // Stack: namespace table (ns)
+
+        lua_pushcfunction_x(L, fp); // Stack: ns, function
+        rawsetfield(L, -2, name); // Stack: ns
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Open a new or existing class for registrations.
+     *
+     * @param name The class name.
+     *
+     * @returns A class registration object.
+     */
+    template <class T>
+    Class<T> beginClass(const char* name)
+    {
+        assertIsActive();
+        return Class<T>(name, *this);
+    }
+
+    //=============================================================================================
+    /**
+     * @brief Derive a new class for registrations.
+     *
+     * Call deriveClass() only once. To continue registrations for the class later, use beginClass().
+     *
+     * @param name The class name.
+     *
+     * @returns A class registration object.
+     */
+    template <class Derived, class Base>
+    Class<Derived> deriveClass(const char* name)
+    {
+        assertIsActive();
+        return Class<Derived>(name, *this, detail::getStaticRegistryKey<Base>());
+    }
+};
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Retrieve the global namespace.
+ *
+ * It is recommended to put your namespace inside the global namespace, and then add your classes and functions to it, rather than adding
+ * many classes and functions directly to the global namespace.
+ *
+ * @param L A Lua state.
+ *
+ * @returns A namespace registration object.
+ */
+inline Namespace getGlobalNamespace(lua_State* L)
+{
+    return Namespace::getGlobalNamespace(L);
+}
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Retrieve the namespace on top of the stack.
+ *
+ * You should have a table on top of the stack before calling this function. It will then use the table there as destination for registrations.
+ *
+ * @param L A Lua state.
+ *
+ * @returns A namespace registration object.
+ */
+inline Namespace getNamespaceFromStack(lua_State* L)
+{
+    return Namespace::getNamespaceFromStack(L);
+}
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Namespace.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/LuaBridge.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2020, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+// All #include dependencies are listed here
+// instead of in the individual header files.
+
+#define LUABRIDGE_MAJOR_VERSION 3
+#define LUABRIDGE_MINOR_VERSION 1
+#define LUABRIDGE_VERSION 301
+
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/LuaBridge.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/List.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2020, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::array`.
+ */
+template <class T>
+struct Stack<std::list<T>>
+{
+    using Type = std::list<T>;
+    
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const Type& list, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 3))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        const int initialStackSize = lua_gettop(L);
+
+        lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(list.size()), 0);
+
+        auto it = list.cbegin();
+        for (lua_Integer tableIndex = 1; it != list.cend(); ++tableIndex, ++it)
+        {
+            lua_pushinteger(L, tableIndex);
+
+            std::error_code errorCode;
+            if (! Stack<T>::push(L, *it, errorCode))
+            {
+                ec = errorCode;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+        }
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static Type get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (!lua_istable(L, index))
+            luaL_error(L, "#%d argument must be a table", index);
+
+        Type list;
+
+        int absIndex = lua_absindex(L, index);
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+
+        while (lua_next(L, absIndex) != 0)
+        {
+            list.emplace_back(Stack<T>::get(L, -1));
+            lua_pop(L, 1);
+        }
+
+        return list;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_istable(L, index);
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/List.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/Array.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2020, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+
+//=================================================================================================
+/**
+ * @brief Stack specialization for `std::array`.
+ */
+template <class T, std::size_t Size>
+struct Stack<std::array<T, Size>>
+{
+    using Type = std::array<T, Size>;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool push(lua_State* L, const Type& array, std::error_code& ec)
+    {
+#if LUABRIDGE_SAFE_STACK_CHECKS
+        if (! lua_checkstack(L, 3))
+        {
+            ec = makeErrorCode(ErrorCode::LuaStackOverflow);
+            return false;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        const int initialStackSize = lua_gettop(L);
+        
+        lua_createtable(L, static_cast<int>(Size), 0);
+
+        for (std::size_t i = 0; i < Size; ++i)
+        {
+            lua_pushinteger(L, static_cast<lua_Integer>(i + 1));
+
+            std::error_code errorCode;
+            bool result = Stack<T>::push(L, array[i], errorCode);
+            if (!result)
+            {
+                ec = errorCode;
+                lua_pop(L, lua_gettop(L) - initialStackSize);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            lua_settable(L, -3);
+        }
+        
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static Type get(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        if (!lua_istable(L, index))
+            luaL_error(L, "#%d argment must be a table", index);
+
+        if (get_length(L, index) != Size)
+            luaL_error(L, "table size should be %d but is %d", static_cast<int>(Size), get_length(L, index));
+
+        Type array;
+
+        int absIndex = lua_absindex(L, index);
+        lua_pushnil(L);
+
+        int arrayIndex = 0;
+        while (lua_next(L, absIndex) != 0)
+        {
+            array[arrayIndex++] = Stack<T>::get(L, -1);
+            lua_pop(L, 1);
+        }
+
+        return array;
+    }
+
+    [[nodiscard]] static bool isInstance(lua_State* L, int index)
+    {
+        return lua_istable(L, index) && get_length(L, index) == Size;
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/Array.h
+
+// Begin File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Dump.h
+
+// https://github.com/kunitoki/LuaBridge3
+// Copyright 2020, Lucio Asnaghi
+// Copyright 2019, Dmitry Tarakanov
+// Copyright 2012, Vinnie Falco <vinnie.falco@gmail.com>
+// Copyright 2007, Nathan Reed
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+namespace luabridge {
+namespace debug {
+
+inline void putIndent(std::ostream& stream, unsigned level)
+{
+    for (unsigned i = 0; i < level; ++i)
+    {
+        stream << "  ";
+    }
+}
+
+inline void dumpTable(lua_State* L, int index, std::ostream& stream, unsigned level);
+
+inline void dumpValue(lua_State* L, int index, std::ostream& stream, unsigned level = 0)
+{
+    const int type = lua_type(L, index);
+    switch (type)
+    {
+    case LUA_TNIL:
+        stream << "nil";
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+        stream << (lua_toboolean(L, index) ? "true" : "false");
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TNUMBER:
+        stream << lua_tonumber(L, index);
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TSTRING:
+        stream << '"' << lua_tostring(L, index) << '"';
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TFUNCTION:
+        if (lua_iscfunction(L, index))
+        {
+            stream << "cfunction@" << lua_topointer(L, index);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            stream << "function@" << lua_topointer(L, index);
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TTHREAD:
+        stream << "thread@" << lua_tothread(L, index);
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA:
+        stream << "lightuserdata@" << lua_touserdata(L, index);
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TTABLE:
+        dumpTable(L, index, stream, level);
+        break;
+
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+        stream << "userdata@" << lua_touserdata(L, index);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        stream << lua_typename(L, type);
+        ;
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+inline void dumpTable(lua_State* L, int index, std::ostream& stream, unsigned level = 0)
+{
+    stream << "table@" << lua_topointer(L, index);
+
+    if (level > 0)
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    index = lua_absindex(L, index);
+    stream << " {";
+    lua_pushnil(L); // Initial key
+    while (lua_next(L, index))
+    {
+        stream << "\n";
+        putIndent(stream, level + 1);
+        dumpValue(L, -2, stream, level + 1); // Key
+        stream << ": ";
+        dumpValue(L, -1, stream, level + 1); // Value
+        lua_pop(L, 1); // Value
+    }
+    putIndent(stream, level);
+    stream << "\n}";
+}
+
+inline void dumpState(lua_State* L, std::ostream& stream = std::cerr)
+{
+    int top = lua_gettop(L);
+    for (int i = 1; i <= top; ++i)
+    {
+        stream << "stack #" << i << ": ";
+        dumpValue(L, i, stream, 0);
+        stream << "\n";
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace debug
+} // namespace luabridge
+
+// End File: Source/LuaBridge/detail/Dump.h
+
+// clang-format on
+
diff --git a/external/asio/asio.h b/external/asio/asio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5da536c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/asio/asio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1073 @@
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+    Steinberg Audio Stream I/O API
+    (c) 1997 - 2019, Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH
+
+    ASIO Interface Specification v 2.3
+
+    2005 - Added support for DSD sample data (in cooperation with Sony)
+    2012 - Added support for drop out detection
+
+
+
+    basic concept is an i/o synchronous double-buffer scheme:
+
+    on bufferSwitch(index == 0), host will read/write:
+
+        after ASIOStart(), the
+  read  first input buffer A (index 0)
+    |   will be invalid (empty)
+    *   ------------------------
+    |------------------------|-----------------------|
+    |                        |                       |
+    |  Input Buffer A (0)    |   Input Buffer B (1)  |
+    |                        |                       |
+    |------------------------|-----------------------|
+    |                        |                       |
+    |  Output Buffer A (0)   |   Output Buffer B (1) |
+    |                        |                       |
+    |------------------------|-----------------------|
+    *                        -------------------------
+    |                        before calling ASIOStart(),
+  write                      host will have filled output
+                             buffer B (index 1) already
+
+  *please* take special care of proper statement of input
+  and output latencies (see ASIOGetLatencies()), these
+  control sequencer sync accuracy
+
+*/
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+
+prototypes summary:
+
+ASIOError ASIOInit(ASIODriverInfo *info);
+ASIOError ASIOExit(void);
+ASIOError ASIOStart(void);
+ASIOError ASIOStop(void);
+ASIOError ASIOGetChannels(long *numInputChannels, long *numOutputChannels);
+ASIOError ASIOGetLatencies(long *inputLatency, long *outputLatency);
+ASIOError ASIOGetBufferSize(long *minSize, long *maxSize, long *preferredSize, long *granularity);
+ASIOError ASIOCanSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate);
+ASIOError ASIOGetSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate *currentRate);
+ASIOError ASIOSetSampleRate(ASIOSampleRate sampleRate);
+ASIOError ASIOGetClockSources(ASIOClockSource *clocks, long *numSources);
+ASIOError ASIOSetClockSource(long reference);
+ASIOError ASIOGetSamplePosition (ASIOSamples *sPos, ASIOTimeStamp *tStamp);
+ASIOError ASIOGetChannelInfo(ASIOChannelInfo *info);
+ASIOError ASIOCreateBuffers(ASIOBufferInfo *bufferInfos, long numChannels,
+    long bufferSize, ASIOCallbacks *callbacks);
+ASIOError ASIODisposeBuffers(void);
+ASIOError ASIOControlPanel(void);
+void *ASIOFuture(long selector, void *params);
+ASIOError ASIOOutputReady(void);
+
+*/
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef __ASIO_H
+#define __ASIO_H
+
+#include "asiosys.h"
+
+// force 4 byte alignment
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__)
+#pragma pack(push,4)
+#elif PRAGMA_ALIGN_SUPPORTED
+#pragma options align = native
+#endif
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Type definitions
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+// number of samples data type is 64 bit integer
+#if NATIVE_INT64
+    typedef long long int ASIOSamples;
+#else
+    typedef struct ASIOSamples {
+        unsigned long hi;
+        unsigned long lo;
+    } ASIOSamples;
+#endif
+
+// Timestamp data type is 64 bit integer,
+// Time format is Nanoseconds.
+#if NATIVE_INT64
+    typedef long long int ASIOTimeStamp ;
+#else
+    typedef struct ASIOTimeStamp {
+        unsigned long hi;
+        unsigned long lo;
+    } ASIOTimeStamp;
+#endif
+
+// Samplerates are expressed in IEEE 754 64 bit double float,
+// native format as host computer
+#if IEEE754_64FLOAT
+    typedef double AsioSampleRate;
+#else
+    typedef struct AsioSampleRate {
+        char ieee[8];
+    } AsioSampleRate;
+#endif
+
+// Boolean values are expressed as long
+typedef long AsioBool;
+enum {
+    AsioFalse = 0,
+    AsioTrue = 1
+};
+
+// Sample Types are expressed as long
+typedef long AsioSampleType;
+enum {
+    ASIOSTInt16MSB   = 0,
+    ASIOSTInt24MSB   = 1,       // used for 20 bits as well
+    ASIOSTInt32MSB   = 2,
+    ASIOSTFloat32MSB = 3,       // IEEE 754 32 bit float
+    ASIOSTFloat64MSB = 4,       // IEEE 754 64 bit double float
+
+    // these are used for 32 bit data buffer, with different alignment of the data inside
+    // 32 bit PCI bus systems can be more easily used with these
+    ASIOSTInt32MSB16 = 8,       // 32 bit data with 16 bit alignment
+    ASIOSTInt32MSB18 = 9,       // 32 bit data with 18 bit alignment
+    ASIOSTInt32MSB20 = 10,      // 32 bit data with 20 bit alignment
+    ASIOSTInt32MSB24 = 11,      // 32 bit data with 24 bit alignment
+
+    ASIOSTInt16LSB   = 16,
+    ASIOSTInt24LSB   = 17,      // used for 20 bits as well
+    ASIOSTInt32LSB   = 18,
+    ASIOSTFloat32LSB = 19,      // IEEE 754 32 bit float, as found on Intel x86 architecture
+    ASIOSTFloat64LSB = 20,      // IEEE 754 64 bit double float, as found on Intel x86 architecture
+
+    // these are used for 32 bit data buffer, with different alignment of the data inside
+    // 32 bit PCI bus systems can more easily used with these
+    ASIOSTInt32LSB16 = 24,      // 32 bit data with 18 bit alignment
+    ASIOSTInt32LSB18 = 25,      // 32 bit data with 18 bit alignment
+    ASIOSTInt32LSB20 = 26,      // 32 bit data with 20 bit alignment
+    ASIOSTInt32LSB24 = 27,      // 32 bit data with 24 bit alignment
+
+    //  ASIO DSD format.
+    ASIOSTDSDInt8LSB1   = 32,       // DSD 1 bit data, 8 samples per byte. First sample in Least significant bit.
+    ASIOSTDSDInt8MSB1   = 33,       // DSD 1 bit data, 8 samples per byte. First sample in Most significant bit.
+    ASIOSTDSDInt8NER8   = 40,       // DSD 8 bit data, 1 sample per byte. No Endianness required.
+
+    ASIOSTLastEntry
+};
+
+/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DSD operation and buffer layout
+// Definition by Steinberg/Sony Oxford.
+//
+// We have tried to treat DSD as PCM and so keep a consistant structure across
+// the ASIO interface.
+//
+// DSD's sample rate is normally referenced as a multiple of 44.1Khz, so
+// the standard sample rate is refered to as 64Fs (or 2.8224Mhz). We looked
+// at making a special case for DSD and adding a field to the ASIOFuture that
+// would allow the user to select the Over Sampleing Rate (OSR) as a seperate
+// entity but decided in the end just to treat it as a simple value of
+// 2.8224Mhz and use the standard interface to set it.
+//
+// The second problem was the "word" size, in PCM the word size is always a
+// greater than or equal to 8 bits (a byte). This makes life easy as we can
+// then pack the samples into the "natural" size for the machine.
+// In DSD the "word" size is 1 bit. This is not a major problem and can easily
+// be dealt with if we ensure that we always deal with a multiple of 8 samples.
+//
+// DSD brings with it another twist to the Endianness religion. How are the
+// samples packed into the byte. It would be nice to just say the most significant
+// bit is always the first sample, however there would then be a performance hit
+// on little endian machines. Looking at how some of the processing goes...
+// Little endian machines like the first sample to be in the Least Significant Bit,
+//   this is because when you write it to memory the data is in the correct format
+//   to be shifted in and out of the words.
+// Big endian machine prefer the first sample to be in the Most Significant Bit,
+//   again for the same reasion.
+//
+// And just when things were looking really muddy there is a proposed extension to
+// DSD that uses 8 bit word sizes. It does not care what endianness you use.
+//
+// Switching the driver between DSD and PCM mode
+// ASIOFuture allows for extending the ASIO API quite transparently.
+// See kAsioSetIoFormat, kAsioGetIoFormat, kAsioCanDoIoFormat
+//
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Error codes
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+typedef long AsioError;
+enum {
+    ASE_OK = 0,             // This value will be returned whenever the call succeeded
+    ASE_Success = 0x3f4847a0,   // unique success return value for ASIOFuture calls
+    ASE_NotPresent = -1000, // hardware input or output is not present or available
+    ASE_HWMalfunction,      // hardware is malfunctioning (can be returned by any ASIO function)
+    ASE_InvalidParameter,   // input parameter invalid
+    ASE_InvalidMode,        // hardware is in a bad mode or used in a bad mode
+    ASE_SPNotAdvancing,     // hardware is not running when sample position is inquired
+    ASE_NoClock,            // sample clock or rate cannot be determined or is not present
+    ASE_NoMemory            // not enough memory for completing the request
+};
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Time Info support
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+typedef struct AsioTimeCode
+{
+    double          speed;                  // speed relation (fraction of nominal speed)
+                                            // optional; set to 0. or 1. if not supported
+    ASIOSamples     timeCodeSamples;        // time in samples
+    unsigned long   flags;                  // some information flags (see below)
+    char future[64];
+} AsioTimeCode;
+
+typedef enum AsioTimeCodeFlags
+{
+    kTcValid                = 1,
+    kTcRunning              = 1 << 1,
+    kTcReverse              = 1 << 2,
+    kTcOnspeed              = 1 << 3,
+    kTcStill                = 1 << 4,
+
+    kTcSpeedValid           = 1 << 8
+} AsioTimeCodeFlags;
+
+typedef struct AsioTimeInfo
+{
+    double          speed;                  // absolute speed (1. = nominal)
+    ASIOTimeStamp   systemTime;             // system time related to samplePosition, in nanoseconds
+                                            // on mac, must be derived from Microseconds() (not UpTime()!)
+                                            // on windows, must be derived from timeGetTime()
+    ASIOSamples     samplePosition;
+    AsioSampleRate  sampleRate;             // current rate
+    unsigned long flags;                    // (see below)
+    char reserved[12];
+} AsioTimeInfo;
+
+typedef enum AsioTimeInfoFlags
+{
+    kSystemTimeValid        = 1,            // must always be valid
+    kSamplePositionValid    = 1 << 1,       // must always be valid
+    kSampleRateValid        = 1 << 2,
+    kSpeedValid             = 1 << 3,
+
+    kSampleRateChanged      = 1 << 4,
+    kClockSourceChanged     = 1 << 5
+} AsioTimeInfoFlags;
+
+typedef struct ASIOTime                          // both input/output
+{
+    long reserved[4];                       // must be 0
+    struct AsioTimeInfo     timeInfo;       // required
+    struct AsioTimeCode     timeCode;       // optional, evaluated if (timeCode.flags & kTcValid)
+} AsioTime;
+
+/*
+
+using time info:
+it is recommended to use the new method with time info even if the asio
+device does not support timecode; continuous calls to ASIOGetSamplePosition
+and ASIOGetSampleRate are avoided, and there is a more defined relationship
+between callback time and the time info.
+
+see the example below.
+to initiate time info mode, after you have received the callbacks pointer in
+ASIOCreateBuffers, you will call the asioMessage callback with kAsioSupportsTimeInfo
+as the argument. if this returns 1, host has accepted time info mode.
+now host expects the new callback bufferSwitchTimeInfo to be used instead
+of the old bufferSwitch method. the ASIOTime structure is assumed to be valid
+and accessible until the callback returns.
+
+using time code:
+if the device supports reading time code, it will call host's asioMessage callback
+with kAsioSupportsTimeCode as the selector. it may then fill the according
+fields and set the kTcValid flag.
+host will call the future method with the kAsioEnableTimeCodeRead selector when
+it wants to enable or disable tc reading by the device. you should also support
+the kAsioCanTimeInfo and kAsioCanTimeCode selectors in ASIOFuture (see example).
+
+note:
+the AsioTimeInfo/ASIOTimeCode pair is supposed to work in both directions.
+as a matter of convention, the relationship between the sample
+position counter and the time code at buffer switch time is
+(ignoring offset between tc and sample pos when tc is running):
+
+on input:   sample 0 -> input  buffer sample 0 -> time code 0
+on output:  sample 0 -> output buffer sample 0 -> time code 0
+
+this means that for 'real' calculations, one has to take into account
+the according latencies.
+
+example:
+
+ASIOTime asioTime;
+
+in create_buffers()
+{
+    memset(&asioTime, 0, sizeof(ASIOTime));
+    AsioTimeInfo* ti = &asioTime.timeInfo;
+    ti->sampleRate = theSampleRate;
+    ASIOTimeCode* tc = &asioTime.timeCode;
+    tc->speed = 1.;
+    timeInfoMode = false;
+    canTimeCode = false;
+    if(callbacks->asioMessage(kAsioSupportsTimeInfo, 0, 0, 0) == 1)
+    {
+        timeInfoMode = true;
+#if kCanTimeCode
+        if(callbacks->asioMessage(kAsioSupportsTimeCode, 0, 0, 0) == 1)
+            canTimeCode = true;
+#endif
+    }
+}
+
+void switchBuffers(long doubleBufferIndex, bool processNow)
+{
+    if(timeInfoMode)
+    {
+        AsioTimeInfo* ti = &asioTime.timeInfo;
+        ti->flags = kSystemTimeValid | kSamplePositionValid | kSampleRateValid;
+        ti->systemTime = theNanoSeconds;
+        ti->samplePosition = theSamplePosition;
+        if(ti->sampleRate != theSampleRate)
+            ti->flags |= kSampleRateChanged;
+        ti->sampleRate = theSampleRate;
+
+#if kCanTimeCode
+        if(canTimeCode && timeCodeEnabled)
+        {
+            ASIOTimeCode* tc = &asioTime.timeCode;
+            tc->timeCodeSamples = tcSamples;                        // tc in samples
+            tc->flags = kTcValid | kTcRunning | kTcOnspeed;         // if so...
+        }
+        ASIOTime* bb = callbacks->bufferSwitchTimeInfo(&asioTime, doubleBufferIndex, processNow ? ASIOTrue : ASIOFalse);
+#else
+        callbacks->bufferSwitchTimeInfo(&asioTime, doubleBufferIndex, processNow ? ASIOTrue : ASIOFalse);
+#endif
+    }
+    else
+        callbacks->bufferSwitch(doubleBufferIndex, ASIOFalse);
+}
+
+ASIOError ASIOFuture(long selector, void *params)
+{
+    switch(selector)
+    {
+        case kAsioEnableTimeCodeRead:
+            timeCodeEnabled = true;
+            return ASE_SUCCESS;
+        case kAsioDisableTimeCodeRead:
+            timeCodeEnabled = false;
+            return ASE_SUCCESS;
+        case kAsioCanTimeInfo:
+            return ASE_SUCCESS;
+        #if kCanTimeCode
+        case kAsioCanTimeCode:
+            return ASE_SUCCESS;
+        #endif
+    }
+    return ASE_NotPresent;
+};
+
+*/
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// application's audio stream handler callbacks
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+typedef struct ASIOCallbacks
+{
+    void (*buffer_switch)(long double_buffer_index, AsioBool direct_process);
+        // bufferSwitch indicates that both input and output are to be processed.
+        // the current buffer half index (0 for A, 1 for B) determines
+        // - the output buffer that the host should start to fill. the other buffer
+        //   will be passed to output hardware regardless of whether it got filled
+        //   in time or not.
+        // - the input buffer that is now filled with incoming data. Note that
+        //   because of the synchronicity of i/o, the input always has at
+        //   least one buffer latency in relation to the output.
+        // directProcess suggests to the host whether it should immedeately
+        // start processing (directProcess == ASIOTrue), or whether its process
+        // should be deferred because the call comes from a very low level
+        // (for instance, a high level priority interrupt), and direct processing
+        // would cause timing instabilities for the rest of the system. If in doubt,
+        // directProcess should be set to ASIOFalse.
+        // Note: bufferSwitch may be called at interrupt time for highest efficiency.
+
+    void (*sample_rate_did_change)(AsioSampleRate sample_rate);
+        // gets called when the AudioStreamIO detects a sample rate change
+        // If sample rate is unknown, 0 is passed (for instance, clock loss
+        // when externally synchronized).
+
+    long (*asio_message)(long selector, long value, void *message, double *opt);
+        // generic callback for various purposes, see selectors below.
+        // note this is only present if the asio version is 2 or higher
+
+    AsioTime* (*buffer_switch_time_info)(AsioTime *params, long double_buffer_index, AsioBool direct_process);
+        // new callback with time info. makes ASIOGetSamplePosition() and various
+        // calls to ASIOGetSampleRate obsolete,
+        // and allows for timecode sync etc. to be preferred; will be used if
+        // the driver calls asioMessage with selector kAsioSupportsTimeInfo.
+} AsioCallbacks;
+
+// asioMessage selectors
+enum
+{
+    kAsioSelectorSupported = 1, // selector in <value>, returns 1L if supported,
+                                // 0 otherwise
+    kAsioEngineVersion,         // returns engine (host) asio implementation version,
+                                // 2 or higher
+    kAsioResetRequest,          // request driver reset. if accepted, this
+                                // will close the driver (ASIO_Exit() ) and
+                                // re-open it again (ASIO_Init() etc). some
+                                // drivers need to reconfigure for instance
+                                // when the sample rate changes, or some basic
+                                // changes have been made in ASIO_ControlPanel().
+                                // returns 1L; note the request is merely passed
+                                // to the application, there is no way to determine
+                                // if it gets accepted at this time (but it usually
+                                // will be).
+    kAsioBufferSizeChange,      // not yet supported, will currently always return 0L.
+                                // for now, use kAsioResetRequest instead.
+                                // once implemented, the new buffer size is expected
+                                // in <value>, and on success returns 1L
+    kAsioResyncRequest,         // the driver went out of sync, such that
+                                // the timestamp is no longer valid. this
+                                // is a request to re-start the engine and
+                                // slave devices (sequencer). returns 1 for ok,
+                                // 0 if not supported.
+    kAsioLatenciesChanged,      // the drivers latencies have changed. The engine
+                                // will refetch the latencies.
+    kAsioSupportsTimeInfo,      // if host returns true here, it will expect the
+                                // callback bufferSwitchTimeInfo to be called instead
+                                // of bufferSwitch
+    kAsioSupportsTimeCode,      //
+    kAsioMMCCommand,            // unused - value: number of commands, message points to mmc commands
+    kAsioSupportsInputMonitor,  // kAsioSupportsXXX return 1 if host supports this
+    kAsioSupportsInputGain,     // unused and undefined
+    kAsioSupportsInputMeter,    // unused and undefined
+    kAsioSupportsOutputGain,    // unused and undefined
+    kAsioSupportsOutputMeter,   // unused and undefined
+    kAsioOverload,              // driver detected an overload
+
+    kAsioNumMessageSelectors
+};
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// (De-)Construction
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+typedef struct ASIODriverInfo
+{
+    long asio_version;      // currently, 2
+    long driver_version;    // driver specific
+    char name[32];
+    char error_message[124];
+    void *sys_ref;          // on input: system reference
+                            // (Windows: application main window handle, Mac & SGI: 0)
+} AsioDriverInfo;
+
+//AsioError ASIOInit(AsioDriverInfo *info);
+/* Purpose:
+      Initialize the AudioStreamIO.
+    Parameter:
+      info: pointer to an ASIODriver structure:
+        - asioVersion:
+            - on input, the host version. *** Note *** this is 0 for earlier asio
+            implementations, and the asioMessage callback is implemeted
+            only if asioVersion is 2 or greater. sorry but due to a design fault
+            the driver doesn't have access to the host version in ASIOInit :-(
+            added selector for host (engine) version in the asioMessage callback
+            so we're ok from now on.
+            - on return, asio implementation version.
+              older versions are 1
+              if you support this version (namely, ASIO_outputReady() )
+              this should be 2 or higher. also see the note in
+              ASIO_getTimeStamp() !
+        - version: on return, the driver version (format is driver specific)
+        - name: on return, a null-terminated string containing the driver's name
+        - error message: on return, should contain a user message describing
+          the type of error that occured during ASIOInit(), if any.
+        - sysRef: platform specific
+    Returns:
+      If neither input nor output is present ASE_NotPresent
+      will be returned.
+      ASE_NoMemory, ASE_HWMalfunction are other possible error conditions
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOExit(void);
+/* Purpose:
+      Terminates the AudioStreamIO.
+    Parameter:
+      None.
+    Returns:
+      If neither input nor output is present ASE_NotPresent
+      will be returned.
+    Notes: this implies ASIOStop() and ASIODisposeBuffers(),
+      meaning that no host callbacks must be accessed after ASIOExit().
+*/
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Start/Stop
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+//AsioError ASIOStart(void);
+/* Purpose:
+      Start input and output processing synchronously.
+      This will
+      - reset the sample counter to zero
+      - start the hardware (both input and output)
+        The first call to the hosts' bufferSwitch(index == 0) then tells
+        the host to read from input buffer A (index 0), and start
+        processing to output buffer A while output buffer B (which
+        has been filled by the host prior to calling ASIOStart())
+        is possibly sounding (see also ASIOGetLatencies())
+    Parameter:
+      None.
+    Returns:
+      If neither input nor output is present, ASE_NotPresent
+      will be returned.
+      If the hardware fails to start, ASE_HWMalfunction will be returned.
+    Notes:
+      There is no restriction on the time that ASIOStart() takes
+      to perform (that is, it is not considered a realtime trigger).
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOStop(void);
+/* Purpose:
+      Stops input and output processing altogether.
+    Parameter:
+      None.
+    Returns:
+      If neither input nor output is present ASE_NotPresent
+      will be returned.
+    Notes:
+      On return from ASIOStop(), the driver must in no
+      case call the hosts' bufferSwitch() routine.
+*/
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Inquiry methods and sample rate
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+//AsioError ASIOGetChannels(long *numInputChannels, long *numOutputChannels);
+/* Purpose:
+      Returns number of individual input/output channels.
+    Parameter:
+      numInputChannels will hold the number of available input channels
+      numOutputChannels will hold the number of available output channels
+    Returns:
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+      If only inputs, or only outputs are available, the according
+      other parameter will be zero, and ASE_OK is returned.
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOGetLatencies(long *inputLatency, long *outputLatency);
+/* Purpose:
+      Returns the input and output latencies. This includes
+      device specific delays, like FIFOs etc.
+    Parameter:
+      inputLatency will hold the 'age' of the first sample frame
+      in the input buffer when the hosts reads it in bufferSwitch()
+      (this is theoretical, meaning it does not include the overhead
+      and delay between the actual physical switch, and the time
+      when bufferSwitch() enters).
+      This will usually be the size of one block in sample frames, plus
+      device specific latencies.
+
+      outputLatency will specify the time between the buffer switch,
+      and the time when the next play buffer will start to sound.
+      The next play buffer is defined as the one the host starts
+      processing after (or at) bufferSwitch(), indicated by the
+      index parameter (0 for buffer A, 1 for buffer B).
+      It will usually be either one block, if the host writes directly
+      to a dma buffer, or two or more blocks if the buffer is 'latched' by
+      the driver. As an example, on ASIOStart(), the host will have filled
+      the play buffer at index 1 already; when it gets the callback (with
+      the parameter index == 0), this tells it to read from the input
+      buffer 0, and start to fill the play buffer 0 (assuming that now
+      play buffer 1 is already sounding). In this case, the output
+      latency is one block. If the driver decides to copy buffer 1
+      at that time, and pass it to the hardware at the next slot (which
+      is most commonly done, but should be avoided), the output latency
+      becomes two blocks instead, resulting in a total i/o latency of at least
+      3 blocks. As memory access is the main bottleneck in native dsp processing,
+      and to acheive less latency, it is highly recommended to try to avoid
+      copying (this is also why the driver is the owner of the buffers). To
+      summarize, the minimum i/o latency can be acheived if the input buffer
+      is processed by the host into the output buffer which will physically
+      start to sound on the next time slice. Also note that the host expects
+      the bufferSwitch() callback to be accessed for each time slice in order
+      to retain sync, possibly recursively; if it fails to process a block in
+      time, it will suspend its operation for some time in order to recover.
+    Returns:
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOGetBufferSize(long *minSize, long *maxSize, long *preferredSize, long *granularity);
+/* Purpose:
+      Returns min, max, and preferred buffer sizes for input/output
+    Parameter:
+      minSize will hold the minimum buffer size
+      maxSize will hold the maxium possible buffer size
+      preferredSize will hold the preferred buffer size (a size which
+      best fits performance and hardware requirements)
+      granularity will hold the granularity at which buffer sizes
+      may differ. Usually, the buffer size will be a power of 2;
+      in this case, granularity will hold -1 on return, signalling
+      possible buffer sizes starting from minSize, increased in
+      powers of 2 up to maxSize.
+    Returns:
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+    Notes:
+      When minimum and maximum buffer size are equal,
+      the preferred buffer size has to be the same value as well; granularity
+      should be 0 in this case.
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOCanSampleRate(AsioSampleRate sampleRate);
+/* Purpose:
+      Inquires the hardware for the available sample rates.
+    Parameter:
+      sampleRate is the rate in question.
+    Returns:
+      If the inquired sample rate is not supported, ASE_NoClock will be returned.
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+*/
+//AsioError ASIOGetSampleRate(AsioSampleRate *currentRate);
+/* Purpose:
+      Get the current sample Rate.
+    Parameter:
+      currentRate will hold the current sample rate on return.
+    Returns:
+      If sample rate is unknown, sampleRate will be 0 and ASE_NoClock will be returned.
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+    Notes:
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOSetSampleRate(AsioSampleRate sampleRate);
+/* Purpose:
+      Set the hardware to the requested sample Rate. If sampleRate == 0,
+      enable external sync.
+    Parameter:
+      sampleRate: on input, the requested rate
+    Returns:
+      If sampleRate is unknown ASE_NoClock will be returned.
+      If the current clock is external, and sampleRate is != 0,
+      ASE_InvalidMode will be returned
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+    Notes:
+*/
+
+typedef struct ASIOClockSource
+{
+    long index;                 // as used for ASIOSetClockSource()
+    long associated_channel;    // for instance, S/PDIF or AES/EBU
+    long associated_group;      // see channel groups (ASIOGetChannelInfo())
+    AsioBool is_current_source; // ASIOTrue if this is the current clock source
+    char name[32];              // for user selection
+} ASIOClockSource;
+
+//AsioError ASIOGetClockSources(ASIOClockSource *clocks, long *numSources);
+/* Purpose:
+      Get the available external audio clock sources
+    Parameter:
+      clocks points to an array of ASIOClockSource structures:
+        - index: this is used to identify the clock source
+          when ASIOSetClockSource() is accessed, should be
+          an index counting from zero
+        - associatedInputChannel: the first channel of an associated
+          input group, if any.
+        - associatedGroup: the group index of that channel.
+          groups of channels are defined to seperate for
+          instance analog, S/PDIF, AES/EBU, ADAT connectors etc,
+          when present simultaniously. Note that associated channel
+          is enumerated according to numInputs/numOutputs, means it
+          is independant from a group (see also ASIOGetChannelInfo())
+          inputs are associated to a clock if the physical connection
+          transfers both data and clock (like S/PDIF, AES/EBU, or
+          ADAT inputs). if there is no input channel associated with
+          the clock source (like Word Clock, or internal oscillator), both
+          associatedChannel and associatedGroup should be set to -1.
+        - isCurrentSource: on exit, ASIOTrue if this is the current clock
+          source, ASIOFalse else
+        - name: a null-terminated string for user selection of the available sources.
+      numSources:
+          on input: the number of allocated array members
+          on output: the number of available clock sources, at least
+          1 (internal clock generator).
+    Returns:
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+    Notes:
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOSetClockSource(long index);
+/* Purpose:
+      Set the audio clock source
+    Parameter:
+      index as obtained from an inquiry to ASIOGetClockSources()
+    Returns:
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+      If the clock can not be selected because an input channel which
+      carries the current clock source is active, ASE_InvalidMode
+      *may* be returned (this depends on the properties of the driver
+      and/or hardware).
+    Notes:
+      Should *not* return ASE_NoClock if there is no clock signal present
+      at the selected source; this will be inquired via ASIOGetSampleRate().
+      It should call the host callback procedure sampleRateHasChanged(),
+      if the switch causes a sample rate change, or if no external clock
+      is present at the selected source.
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOGetSamplePosition (ASIOSamples *sPos, ASIOTimeStamp *tStamp);
+/* Purpose:
+      Inquires the sample position/time stamp pair.
+    Parameter:
+      sPos will hold the sample position on return. The sample
+      position is reset to zero when ASIOStart() gets called.
+      tStamp will hold the system time when the sample position
+      was latched.
+    Returns:
+      If no input/output is present, ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+      If there is no clock, ASE_SPNotAdvancing will be returned.
+    Notes:
+
+      in order to be able to synchronise properly,
+      the sample position / time stamp pair must refer to the current block,
+      that is, the engine will call ASIOGetSamplePosition() in its bufferSwitch()
+      callback and expect the time for the current block. thus, when requested
+      in the very first bufferSwitch after ASIO_Start(), the sample position
+      should be zero, and the time stamp should refer to the very time where
+      the stream was started. it also means that the sample position must be
+      block aligned. the driver must ensure proper interpolation if the system
+      time can not be determined for the block position. the driver is responsible
+      for precise time stamps as it usually has most direct access to lower
+      level resources. proper behaviour of ASIO_GetSamplePosition() and ASIO_GetLatencies()
+      are essential for precise media synchronization!
+*/
+
+typedef struct ASIOChannelInfo
+{
+    long channel;           // on input, channel index
+    AsioBool is_input;      // on input
+    AsioBool is_active;     // on exit
+    long channel_group;     // dto
+    AsioSampleType type;    // dto
+    char name[32];          // dto
+} AsioChannelInfo;
+
+//AsioError ASIOGetChannelInfo(AsioChannelInfo *info);
+/* Purpose:
+      retreive information about the nature of a channel
+    Parameter:
+      info: pointer to a ASIOChannelInfo structure with
+        - channel: on input, the channel index of the channel in question.
+        - isInput: on input, ASIOTrue if info for an input channel is
+          requested, else output
+        - channelGroup: on return, the channel group that the channel
+          belongs to. For drivers which support different types of
+          channels, like analog, S/PDIF, AES/EBU, ADAT etc interfaces,
+          there should be a reasonable grouping of these types. Groups
+          are always independant form a channel index, that is, a channel
+          index always counts from 0 to numInputs/numOutputs regardless
+          of the group it may belong to.
+          There will always be at least one group (group 0). Please
+          also note that by default, the host may decide to activate
+          channels 0 and 1; thus, these should belong to the most
+          useful type (analog i/o, if present).
+        - type: on return, contains the sample type of the channel
+        - isActive: on return, ASIOTrue if channel is active as it was
+          installed by ASIOCreateBuffers(), ASIOFalse else
+        - name:  describing the type of channel in question. Used to allow
+          for user selection, and enabling of specific channels. examples:
+          "Analog In", "SPDIF Out" etc
+    Returns:
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+    Notes:
+      If possible, the string should be organised such that the first
+      characters are most significantly describing the nature of the
+      port, to allow for identification even if the view showing the
+      port name is too small to display more than 8 characters, for
+      instance.
+*/
+
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+// Buffer preparation
+//- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
+
+typedef struct AsioBufferInfo
+{
+    AsioBool is_input;  // on input:  ASIOTrue: input, else output
+    long channel_num;   // on input:  channel index
+    void *buffers[2];   // on output: double buffer addresses
+} AsioBufferInfo;
+
+/*
+AsioError ASIOCreateBuffers(AsioBufferInfo *bufferInfos, long numChannels,
+                            long bufferSize, AsioCallbacks *callbacks);
+*/
+/* Purpose:
+      Allocates input/output buffers for all input and output channels to be activated.
+    Parameter:
+      bufferInfos is a pointer to an array of ASIOBufferInfo structures:
+        - isInput: on input, ASIOTrue if the buffer is to be allocated
+          for an input, output buffer else
+        - channelNum: on input, the index of the channel in question
+          (counting from 0)
+        - buffers: on exit, 2 pointers to the halves of the channels' double-buffer.
+          the size of the buffer(s) of course depend on both the ASIOSampleType
+          as obtained from ASIOGetChannelInfo(), and bufferSize
+      numChannels is the sum of all input and output channels to be created;
+      thus bufferInfos is a pointer to an array of numChannels ASIOBufferInfo
+      structures.
+      bufferSize selects one of the possible buffer sizes as obtained from
+      ASIOGetBufferSizes().
+      callbacks is a pointer to an ASIOCallbacks structure.
+    Returns:
+      If not enough memory is available ASE_NoMemory will be returned.
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+      If bufferSize is not supported, or one or more of the bufferInfos elements
+      contain invalid settings, ASE_InvalidMode will be returned.
+    Notes:
+      If individual channel selection is not possible but requested,
+      the driver has to handle this. namely, bufferSwitch() will only
+      have filled buffers of enabled outputs. If possible, processing
+      and buss activities overhead should be avoided for channels which
+      were not enabled here.
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIODisposeBuffers(void);
+/* Purpose:
+      Releases all buffers for the device.
+    Parameter:
+      None.
+    Returns:
+      If no buffer were ever prepared, ASE_InvalidMode will be returned.
+      If no input/output is present ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+    Notes:
+      This implies ASIOStop().
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOControlPanel(void);
+/* Purpose:
+      request the driver to start a control panel component
+      for device specific user settings. This will not be
+      accessed on some platforms (where the component is accessed
+      instead).
+    Parameter:
+      None.
+    Returns:
+      If no panel is available ASE_NotPresent will be returned.
+      Actually, the return code is ignored.
+    Notes:
+      if the user applied settings which require a re-configuration
+      of parts or all of the engine and/or driver (such as a change of
+      the block size), the asioMessage callback can be used (see
+      ASIO_Callbacks).
+*/
+
+//AsioError ASIOFuture(long selector, void *params);
+/* Purpose:
+      various
+    Parameter:
+      selector: operation Code as to be defined. zero is reserved for
+      testing purposes.
+      params: depends on the selector; usually pointer to a structure
+      for passing and retreiving any type and amount of parameters.
+    Returns:
+      the return value is also selector dependant. if the selector
+      is unknown, ASE_InvalidParameter should be returned to prevent
+      further calls with this selector. on success, ASE_SUCCESS
+      must be returned (note: ASE_OK is *not* sufficient!)
+    Notes:
+      see selectors defined below.
+*/
+
+enum
+{
+    kAsioEnableTimeCodeRead = 1,    // no arguments
+    kAsioDisableTimeCodeRead,       // no arguments
+    kAsioSetInputMonitor,           // ASIOInputMonitor* in params
+    kAsioTransport,                 // ASIOTransportParameters* in params
+    kAsioSetInputGain,              // ASIOChannelControls* in params, apply gain
+    kAsioGetInputMeter,             // ASIOChannelControls* in params, fill meter
+    kAsioSetOutputGain,             // ASIOChannelControls* in params, apply gain
+    kAsioGetOutputMeter,            // ASIOChannelControls* in params, fill meter
+    kAsioCanInputMonitor,           // no arguments for kAsioCanXXX selectors
+    kAsioCanTimeInfo,
+    kAsioCanTimeCode,
+    kAsioCanTransport,
+    kAsioCanInputGain,
+    kAsioCanInputMeter,
+    kAsioCanOutputGain,
+    kAsioCanOutputMeter,
+    kAsioOptionalOne,
+
+    //  DSD support
+    //  The following extensions are required to allow switching
+    //  and control of the DSD subsystem.
+    kAsioSetIoFormat            = 0x23111961,       /* ASIOIoFormat * in params.            */
+    kAsioGetIoFormat            = 0x23111983,       /* ASIOIoFormat * in params.            */
+    kAsioCanDoIoFormat          = 0x23112004,       /* ASIOIoFormat * in params.            */
+
+    // Extension for drop out detection
+    kAsioCanReportOverload          = 0x24042012,   /* return ASE_SUCCESS if driver can detect and report overloads */
+
+    kAsioGetInternalBufferSamples   = 0x25042012    /* ASIOInternalBufferInfo * in params. Deliver size of driver internal buffering, return ASE_SUCCESS if supported */
+};
+
+typedef struct ASIOInputMonitor
+{
+    long input;     // this input was set to monitor (or off), -1: all
+    long output;    // suggested output for monitoring the input (if so)
+    long gain;      // suggested gain, ranging 0 - 0x7fffffffL (-inf to +12 dB)
+    AsioBool state; // ASIOTrue => on, ASIOFalse => off
+    long pan;       // suggested pan, 0 => all left, 0x7fffffff => right
+} ASIOInputMonitor;
+
+typedef struct ASIOChannelControls
+{
+    long channel;           // on input, channel index
+    AsioBool isInput;       // on input
+    long gain;              // on input,  ranges 0 thru 0x7fffffff
+    long meter;             // on return, ranges 0 thru 0x7fffffff
+    char future[32];
+} ASIOChannelControls;
+
+typedef struct ASIOTransportParameters
+{
+    long command;       // see enum below
+    ASIOSamples samplePosition;
+    long track;
+    long trackSwitches[16];     // 512 tracks on/off
+    char future[64];
+} ASIOTransportParameters;
+
+enum
+{
+    kTransStart = 1,
+    kTransStop,
+    kTransLocate,       // to samplePosition
+    kTransPunchIn,
+    kTransPunchOut,
+    kTransArmOn,        // track
+    kTransArmOff,       // track
+    kTransMonitorOn,    // track
+    kTransMonitorOff,   // track
+    kTransArm,          // trackSwitches
+    kTransMonitor       // trackSwitches
+};
+
+/*
+// DSD support
+//  Some notes on how to use ASIOIoFormatType.
+//
+//  The caller will fill the format with the request types.
+//  If the board can do the request then it will leave the
+//  values unchanged. If the board does not support the
+//  request then it will change that entry to Invalid (-1)
+//
+//  So to request DSD then
+//
+//  ASIOIoFormat NeedThis={kASIODSDFormat};
+//
+//  if(ASE_SUCCESS != ASIOFuture(kAsioSetIoFormat,&NeedThis) ){
+//      // If the board did not accept one of the parameters then the
+//      // whole call will fail and the failing parameter will
+//      // have had its value changes to -1.
+//  }
+//
+// Note: Switching between the formats need to be done before the "prepared"
+// state (see ASIO 2 documentation) is entered.
+*/
+typedef long int ASIOIoFormatType;
+enum ASIOIoFormatType_e
+{
+    kASIOFormatInvalid = -1,
+    kASIOPCMFormat = 0,
+    kASIODSDFormat = 1,
+};
+
+typedef struct ASIOIoFormat_s
+{
+    ASIOIoFormatType    FormatType;
+    char                future[512-sizeof(ASIOIoFormatType)];
+} ASIOIoFormat;
+
+// Extension for drop detection
+// Note: Refers to buffering that goes beyond the double buffer e.g. used by USB driver designs
+typedef struct ASIOInternalBufferInfo
+{
+    long inputSamples;          // size of driver's internal input buffering which is included in get_latencies
+    long outputSamples;         // size of driver's internal output buffering which is included in get_latencies
+} ASIOInternalBufferInfo;
+
+
+//AsioError ASIOOutputReady(void);
+/* Purpose:
+      this tells the driver that the host has completed processing
+      the output buffers. if the data format required by the hardware
+      differs from the supported asio formats, but the hardware
+      buffers are DMA buffers, the driver will have to convert
+      the audio stream data; as the bufferSwitch callback is
+      usually issued at dma block switch time, the driver will
+      have to convert the *previous* host buffer, which increases
+      the output latency by one block.
+      when the host finds out that ASIOOutputReady() returns
+      true, it will issue this call whenever it completed
+      output processing. then the driver can convert the
+      host data directly to the dma buffer to be played next,
+      reducing output latency by one block.
+      another way to look at it is, that the buffer switch is called
+      in order to pass the *input* stream to the host, so that it can
+      process the input into the output, and the output stream is passed
+      to the driver when the host has completed its process.
+    Parameter:
+        None
+    Returns:
+      only if the above mentioned scenario is given, and a reduction
+      of output latency can be acheived by this mechanism, should
+      ASE_OK be returned. otherwise (and usually), ASE_NotPresent
+      should be returned in order to prevent further calls to this
+      function. note that the host may want to determine if it is
+      to use this when the system is not yet fully initialized, so
+      ASE_OK should always be returned if the mechanism makes sense.
+    Notes:
+      please remeber to adjust ASIOGetLatencies() according to
+      whether ASIOOutputReady() was ever called or not, if your
+      driver supports this scenario.
+      also note that the engine may fail to call ASIO_OutputReady()
+      in time in overload cases. as already mentioned, bufferSwitch
+      should be called for every block regardless of whether a block
+      could be processed in time.
+*/
+
+// restore old alignment
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__MWERKS__)
+#pragma pack(pop)
+#elif PRAGMA_ALIGN_SUPPORTED
+#pragma options align = reset
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/asio/asiolist.cpp b/external/asio/asiolist.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fae7e77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/asio/asiolist.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+#include "asiolist.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "iasiodrv.h"
+
+#define ASIODRV_DESC "description"
+#define INPROC_SERVER "InprocServer32"
+#define ASIO_PATH "software\\asio"
+#define COM_CLSID "clsid"
+
+static LONG find_driver_path(char *clsid_str, char *dll_path, size_t dll_path_size) {
+    HKEY hkEnum, hksub, hkpath;
+    char data_buf[512];
+    LONG cr, rc = -1;
+    DWORD data_type, data_size;
+    DWORD index;
+    OFSTRUCT ofs;
+    HFILE hfile;
+    bool found = false;
+
+    CharLowerBuffA(clsid_str, static_cast<DWORD>(strlen(clsid_str)));
+
+    if ((cr = RegOpenKeyA(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT,COM_CLSID,&hkEnum)) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        index = 0;
+
+        while (cr == ERROR_SUCCESS && !found) {
+            cr = RegEnumKeyA(hkEnum, index++, (LPTSTR)data_buf, 512);
+            if (cr == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+                CharLowerBuffA(data_buf, static_cast<DWORD>(strlen(data_buf)));
+
+                if (!(strcmp(data_buf, clsid_str))) {
+                    if ((cr = RegOpenKeyExA(hkEnum, (LPCTSTR)data_buf, 0, KEY_READ, &hksub)) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+                        if ((cr = RegOpenKeyExA(hksub,(LPCTSTR)INPROC_SERVER,0,KEY_READ,&hkpath)) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+                            data_type = REG_SZ;
+                            data_size = static_cast<DWORD>(dll_path_size);
+                            cr = RegQueryValueExA(hkpath, nullptr, nullptr, &data_type, (LPBYTE)dll_path, &data_size);
+                            if (cr == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+                                memset(&ofs,0,sizeof(OFSTRUCT));
+                                ofs.cBytes = sizeof(OFSTRUCT);
+                                hfile = OpenFile(dll_path, &ofs, OF_EXIST);
+                                if (hfile) {
+                                    rc = 0;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            RegCloseKey(hkpath);
+                        }
+                        RegCloseKey(hksub);
+                    }
+
+                    // break out
+                    found = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        RegCloseKey(hkEnum);
+    }
+
+    return rc;
+}
+
+static bool new_driver_struct(HKEY hkey, char *key_name, size_t id, AsioDriver &driver) {
+    HKEY hksub;
+    char data_buffer[256];
+    char dll_path[MAXPATHLEN];
+    WORD wData[100];
+    CLSID clsid;
+    DWORD data_type, data_size;
+    LONG cr, rc;
+
+    if ((cr = RegOpenKeyExA(hkey, (LPCTSTR)key_name, 0, KEY_READ, &hksub)) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        data_type = REG_SZ;
+        data_size = 256;
+        cr = RegQueryValueExA(hksub, COM_CLSID, nullptr, &data_type, (LPBYTE)data_buffer, &data_size);
+        if (cr == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+            rc = find_driver_path(data_buffer, dll_path, MAXPATHLEN);
+            if (rc == 0) {
+                driver.id = id;
+                strcpy(driver.dll_path, dll_path);
+
+                MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, (LPCSTR)data_buffer, -1, (LPWSTR)wData, 100);
+                if ((cr = CLSIDFromString((LPOLESTR)wData,(LPCLSID)&clsid)) == S_OK) {
+                    memcpy(&driver.clsid, &clsid, sizeof(CLSID));
+                }
+
+                data_type = REG_SZ;
+                data_size = 256;
+                cr = RegQueryValueExA(hksub, ASIODRV_DESC, nullptr, &data_type, (LPBYTE)data_buffer, &data_size);
+                if (cr == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+                    strcpy(driver.name, data_buffer);
+                } else {
+                    strcpy(driver.name, key_name);
+                }
+
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        RegCloseKey(hksub);
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static void delete_driver_struct(AsioDriver &driver) {
+    IAsio *iasio;
+
+    if (driver.instance) {
+        iasio = reinterpret_cast<IAsio *>(driver.instance);
+        iasio->Release();
+        driver.instance = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+AsioDriverList::AsioDriverList() {
+    HKEY hkEnum = nullptr;
+    char key_name[MAXDRVNAMELEN];
+    LONG cr;
+    DWORD index = 0;
+
+    cr = RegOpenKeyA(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE,ASIO_PATH, &hkEnum);
+    while (cr == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        if ((cr = RegEnumKeyA(hkEnum, index++, (LPTSTR) key_name, MAXDRVNAMELEN)) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+            auto id = this->driver_list.size();
+            if (!new_driver_struct(hkEnum, key_name, id, this->driver_list.emplace_back())) {
+                this->driver_list.pop_back();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (hkEnum) {
+        RegCloseKey(hkEnum);
+    }
+
+    this->driver_list.shrink_to_fit();
+
+    if (!this->driver_list.empty()) {
+
+        // initialize COM
+        HRESULT hr = CoInitialize(nullptr);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("asio::driver_list", "CoInitialize failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+AsioDriverList::~AsioDriverList() {
+    if (!this->driver_list.empty()) {
+        for (auto &driver : this->driver_list) {
+            delete_driver_struct(driver);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (this->co_initialized) {
+        CoUninitialize();
+    }
+}
+
+LONG AsioDriverList::open_driver(size_t driver_id, void **asio_driver) {
+    long rc;
+
+    if (!asio_driver) {
+        return DRVERR_INVALID_PARAM;
+    }
+
+    if (driver_id < this->driver_list.size()) {
+        auto &driver = this->driver_list[driver_id];
+
+        if (!driver.instance) {
+            rc = CoCreateInstance(driver.clsid, nullptr, CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, driver.clsid, asio_driver);
+            if (rc == S_OK) {
+                driver.instance = *asio_driver;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            // else if (rc == REGDB_E_CLASSNOTREG)
+            //  strcpy (info->messageText, "Driver not registered in the Registration Database!");
+        } else {
+            rc = DRVERR_DEVICE_ALREADY_OPEN;
+        }
+    } else {
+        rc = DRVERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND;
+    }
+
+    return rc;
+}
+
+LONG AsioDriverList::close_driver(size_t driver_id) {
+    IAsio *iasio;
+
+    if (driver_id < this->driver_list.size()) {
+        auto &driver = this->driver_list[driver_id];
+
+        if (driver.instance) {
+            iasio = reinterpret_cast<IAsio *>(driver.instance);
+            iasio->Release();
+            driver.instance = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/external/asio/asiolist.h b/external/asio/asiolist.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac06be2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/asio/asiolist.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#define DRVERR                     -5000
+#define DRVERR_INVALID_PARAM       DRVERR-1
+#define DRVERR_DEVICE_ALREADY_OPEN DRVERR-2
+#define DRVERR_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND    DRVERR-3
+
+#define MAXPATHLEN 512
+#define MAXDRVNAMELEN 128
+
+struct AsioDriver {
+    size_t id;
+    char name[MAXDRVNAMELEN];
+    char dll_path[MAXPATHLEN];
+    CLSID clsid;
+    void *instance;
+    struct AsioDriver *next;
+};
+
+class AsioDriverList {
+public:
+    AsioDriverList();
+    ~AsioDriverList();
+
+    LONG open_driver(size_t driver_id, void **asio_driver);
+    LONG close_driver(size_t driver_id);
+
+    std::vector<AsioDriver> driver_list;
+
+private:
+    bool co_initialized = false;
+};
diff --git a/external/asio/asiosys.h b/external/asio/asiosys.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33a5b7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/asio/asiosys.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#ifndef __asiosys__
+    #define __asiosys__
+
+    #if defined(_WIN32) || defined(_WIN64)
+        #undef MAC
+        #define PPC 0
+        #define WINDOWS 1
+        #define SGI 0
+        #define SUN 0
+        #define LINUX 0
+        #define BEOS 0
+
+        #define NATIVE_INT64 0
+        #define IEEE754_64FLOAT 1
+
+    #elif BEOS
+        #define MAC 0
+        #define PPC 0
+        #define WINDOWS 0
+        #define PC 0
+        #define SGI 0
+        #define SUN 0
+        #define LINUX 0
+
+        #define NATIVE_INT64 0
+        #define IEEE754_64FLOAT 1
+
+        #ifndef DEBUG
+            #define DEBUG 0
+            #if DEBUG
+                void DEBUGGERMESSAGE(char *string);
+            #else
+                #define DEBUGGERMESSAGE(a)
+            #endif
+        #endif
+
+    #elif SGI
+        #define MAC 0
+        #define PPC 0
+        #define WINDOWS 0
+        #define PC 0
+        #define SUN 0
+        #define LINUX 0
+        #define BEOS 0
+
+        #define NATIVE_INT64 0
+        #define IEEE754_64FLOAT 1
+
+        #ifndef DEBUG
+            #define DEBUG 0
+            #if DEBUG
+                void DEBUGGERMESSAGE(char *string);
+            #else
+                #define DEBUGGERMESSAGE(a)
+            #endif
+        #endif
+
+    #else   // MAC
+
+        #define MAC 1
+        #define PPC 1
+        #define WINDOWS 0
+        #define PC 0
+        #define SGI 0
+        #define SUN 0
+        #define LINUX 0
+        #define BEOS 0
+
+        #define NATIVE_INT64 0
+        #define IEEE754_64FLOAT 1
+
+        #ifndef DEBUG
+            #define DEBUG 0
+            #if DEBUG
+                void DEBUGGERMESSAGE(char *string);
+            #else
+                #define DEBUGGERMESSAGE(a)
+            #endif
+        #endif
+    #endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/asio/changes.txt b/external/asio/changes.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0433f6c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/asio/changes.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+Changes in ASIO 2.3.3 since 2.3.2
+- again, updated license text and ASIO logo usage guideline
+
+Changes in ASIO 2.3.2 since 2.3.1
+- updated license text and ASIO logo usage guideline
+
+Changes in ASIO 2.3.1 since ASIO 2.3
+- amendment of the licensing agreement
+- added support for Windows 10
+
+Changes in ASIO 2.3 since ASIO 2.2
+- added host queries to detect the driver's buffering and drop-out detection capabilities
+- some additional documentation on MMCSS; see page 46 of 'ASIO SDK 2.3.pdf'
+- dropped support for Mac OS 8 and 9
+
+Changes in ASIO 2.2 since ASIO 2.1
+- added support for Windows 64 bit
+
+Changes in ASIO 2.1 since ASIO 2.0
+- Sony DSD support added
+- fixed Windows registry sample to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
+- fixed a definition problem for input monitoring
diff --git a/external/asio/iasiodrv.h b/external/asio/iasiodrv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..476f20a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/asio/iasiodrv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "asiosys.h"
+#include "asio.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <combaseapi.h>
+
+interface IAsio : public IUnknown {
+    virtual AsioBool __thiscall init(void *sys_handle) = 0;
+    virtual void __thiscall get_driver_name(char *name) = 0;
+    virtual long __thiscall get_driver_version() = 0;
+    virtual void __thiscall get_error_message(char *string) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall start() = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall stop() = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall get_channels(long *num_input_channels, long *num_output_channels) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall get_latencies(long *input_latency, long *output_latency) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall get_buffer_size(
+        long *min_size,
+        long *max_size,
+        long *preferred_size,
+        long *granularity) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall can_sample_rate(AsioSampleRate sample_rate) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall get_sample_rate(AsioSampleRate *sample_rate) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall set_sample_rate(AsioSampleRate sample_rate) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall get_clock_sources(ASIOClockSource *clocks, long *num_sources) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall set_clock_source(long reference) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall get_sample_position(ASIOSamples *s_pos, ASIOTimeStamp *t_stamp) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall get_channel_info(AsioChannelInfo *info) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall create_buffers(
+        AsioBufferInfo *buffer_infos,
+        long num_channels,
+        long buffer_size,
+        AsioCallbacks *callbacks) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall dispose_buffers() = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall control_panel() = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall future(long selector, void *opt) = 0;
+    virtual AsioError __thiscall output_ready() = 0;
+};
diff --git a/external/cardio/cardio_hid.cpp b/external/cardio/cardio_hid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0f7a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cardio/cardio_hid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,450 @@
+/**
+ * MIT-License
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 by Felix
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Modified version.
+ */
+
+#include "cardio_hid.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <hidclass.h>
+#include <hidusage.h>
+#include <hidpi.h>
+#include <hidsdi.h>
+}
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <devguid.h>
+#include <setupapi.h>
+
+
+#define DEFAULT_ALLOCATED_CONTEXTS 2
+#define CARD_READER_USAGE_PAGE 0xffca
+
+// GUID_DEVCLASS_HIDCLASS
+static GUID hidclass_guid = {0x745a17a0, 0x74d3, 0x11d0, {0xb6, 0xfe, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x0f, 0x57, 0xda}};
+
+// globals
+CRITICAL_SECTION CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION;
+struct cardio_hid_device *CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS = NULL;
+size_t CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH = 0;
+
+void hid_ctx_init(cardio_hid_device *ctx) {
+    ctx->dev_path = NULL;
+    ctx->dev_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    ctx->initialized = FALSE;
+    ctx->io_pending = FALSE;
+    ctx->read_size = 0;
+    ctx->pp_data = NULL;
+    ctx->collection = NULL;
+    ctx->collection_length = 0;
+
+    memset(&ctx->read_state, 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
+    memset(&ctx->report_buffer, 0, sizeof(ctx->report_buffer));
+    memset(&ctx->usage_value, 0, sizeof(ctx->usage_value));
+    memset(&ctx->caps, 0, sizeof(HIDP_CAPS));
+}
+
+void hid_ctx_free(struct cardio_hid_device *ctx) {
+    if (ctx->dev_path != NULL) {
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ctx->dev_path);
+        ctx->dev_path = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->dev_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        CancelIo(ctx->dev_handle);
+        CloseHandle(ctx->dev_handle);
+        ctx->dev_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->pp_data != NULL) {
+        HidD_FreePreparsedData(ctx->pp_data);
+        ctx->pp_data = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->collection != NULL) {
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ctx->collection);
+        ctx->collection = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+void hid_ctx_reset(struct cardio_hid_device *ctx) {
+    ctx->initialized = FALSE;
+    ctx->io_pending = FALSE;
+    ctx->read_size = 0;
+    ctx->collection_length = 0;
+
+    hid_ctx_free(ctx);
+
+    memset(&ctx->read_state, 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
+    memset(&ctx->report_buffer, 0, sizeof(ctx->report_buffer));
+    memset(&ctx->usage_value, 0, sizeof(ctx->usage_value));
+    memset(&ctx->caps, 0, sizeof(HIDP_CAPS));
+}
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_init() {
+    size_t i, contexts_size;
+
+    InitializeCriticalSectionAndSpinCount(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION, 0x00000400);
+
+    contexts_size = DEFAULT_ALLOCATED_CONTEXTS * sizeof(struct cardio_hid_device);
+    CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS = (struct cardio_hid_device *) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, contexts_size);
+    if (CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS == NULL) {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH = DEFAULT_ALLOCATED_CONTEXTS;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH; i++) {
+        hid_ctx_init(&CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[i]);
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+void cardio_hid_close() {
+    size_t i;
+
+    if (CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH > 0) {
+        for (i = 0; i < CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH; i++) {
+            hid_ctx_free(&CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[i]);
+        }
+
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS);
+        CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS = NULL;
+        CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH = 0;
+
+        DeleteCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+    }
+}
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_add_device(LPCWSTR device_path) {
+    BOOL res = FALSE;
+    size_t i;
+
+    EnterCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH; i++) {
+        if (!CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[i].initialized) {
+            res = cardio_hid_scan_device(&CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[i], device_path);
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LeaveCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_remove_device(LPCWSTR device_path) {
+    BOOL res = FALSE;
+    size_t i;
+
+    EnterCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+
+    for (i = 0; i < CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH; i++) {
+        // The device paths in `hid_scan` are partially lower-case, so perform a
+        // case-insensitive comparison here
+        if (CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[i].initialized && (_wcsicmp(device_path, CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[i].dev_path) == 0)) {
+            hid_ctx_reset(&CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[i]);
+            res = TRUE;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    LeaveCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Scan HID device to see if it is a HID reader
+ */
+BOOL cardio_hid_scan_device(struct cardio_hid_device *ctx, LPCWSTR device_path) {
+    NTSTATUS res;
+
+    size_t dev_path_size = (wcslen(device_path) + 1) * sizeof(WCHAR);
+    ctx->dev_path = (LPWSTR) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, dev_path_size);
+    if (ctx->dev_path == NULL) {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(ctx->dev_path, device_path, dev_path_size);
+    ctx->dev_path[dev_path_size - 1] = '\0';
+    ctx->dev_handle = CreateFileW(
+            ctx->dev_path,
+            GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+            FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+            NULL,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+            NULL);
+    if (ctx->dev_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        log_info("cardio", "could not open device: {}", ws2s(std::wstring(device_path)));
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, ctx->dev_path);
+        ctx->dev_path = NULL;
+        ctx->dev_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    if (!HidD_GetPreparsedData(ctx->dev_handle, &ctx->pp_data)) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    res = HidP_GetCaps(ctx->pp_data, &ctx->caps);
+    if (res != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    // 0xffca is the card reader usage page ID
+    if (ctx->caps.UsagePage != CARD_READER_USAGE_PAGE) {
+        goto end;
+    } else if (ctx->caps.NumberInputValueCaps == 0) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+    ctx->collection_length = ctx->caps.NumberInputValueCaps;
+    ctx->collection = (HIDP_VALUE_CAPS *) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0,
+                                                    ctx->collection_length * sizeof(HIDP_VALUE_CAPS));
+    if (ctx->collection == NULL) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+    res = HidP_GetValueCaps(
+            HidP_Input,
+            ctx->collection,
+            &ctx->collection_length,
+            ctx->pp_data);
+    if (res != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    log_info("cardio", "detected reader: {}", ws2s(std::wstring(device_path)));
+    ctx->initialized = TRUE;
+    return TRUE;
+
+    end:
+    hid_ctx_reset(ctx);
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Checks all devices registered with the HIDClass GUID. If the usage page of
+ * the device is 0xffca, then a compatible card reader was found.
+ *
+ * Usage 0x41 => ISO_15693
+ * Usage 0x42 => ISO_18092 (FeliCa)
+ */
+BOOL cardio_hid_scan() {
+    BOOL res = TRUE;
+    SP_DEVINFO_DATA devinfo_data;
+    SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA device_interface_data;
+    SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W *device_interface_detail_data = NULL;
+    HDEVINFO device_info_set;
+    GUID hid_guid;
+    DWORD device_index = 0;
+    DWORD dwSize = 0;
+    size_t hid_devices = 0;
+
+    // get GUID
+    HidD_GetHidGuid(&hid_guid);
+
+    // HID collection opening needs `DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE` and ignore
+    // disconnected devices
+    device_info_set = SetupDiGetClassDevs(&hid_guid, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_PRESENT | DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE);
+    if (device_info_set == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        res = FALSE;
+        goto end;
+    }
+
+    memset(&devinfo_data, 0, sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
+    devinfo_data.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
+    device_interface_data.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
+
+    // `SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces` must come before `SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo`
+    // else `SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces` will fail with error 259
+    while (SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(device_info_set, NULL, &hid_guid, device_index, &device_interface_data)) {
+
+        // Get the required size
+        if (SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW(device_info_set, &device_interface_data, NULL, 0, &dwSize, NULL)) {
+            goto cont;
+        }
+
+        device_interface_detail_data = (SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W *) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, dwSize);
+        if (device_interface_detail_data == NULL) {
+            goto cont;
+        }
+
+        device_interface_detail_data->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W);
+
+        if (!SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW(device_info_set, &device_interface_data, device_interface_detail_data,
+                                              dwSize, NULL, NULL)) {
+            goto cont;
+        }
+
+        if (!SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(device_info_set, device_index, &devinfo_data)) {
+            goto cont;
+        }
+
+        if (!IsEqualGUID(hidclass_guid, devinfo_data.ClassGuid)) {
+            goto cont;
+        }
+
+        EnterCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+
+        if (hid_devices == CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH) {
+            CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH++;
+
+            CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS = (struct cardio_hid_device *) HeapReAlloc(
+                    GetProcessHeap(),
+                    HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY,
+                    CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS,
+                    CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH * sizeof(struct cardio_hid_device)
+            );
+            if (CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS == NULL) {
+                LeaveCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+                HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, device_interface_detail_data);
+                res = FALSE;
+                goto end;
+            }
+
+            hid_ctx_init(&CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[hid_devices]);
+        }
+
+        if (cardio_hid_scan_device(&CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[hid_devices], device_interface_detail_data->DevicePath)) {
+            hid_devices++;
+        }
+
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+
+        cont:
+        if (device_interface_detail_data) {
+            HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, device_interface_detail_data);
+            device_interface_detail_data = NULL;
+        }
+
+        device_index++;
+    }
+
+    end:
+    if (device_info_set != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(device_info_set);
+    }
+
+    return res;
+}
+
+cardio_hid_poll_value_t cardio_hid_device_poll(struct cardio_hid_device *ctx) {
+    DWORD error = 0;
+
+    if (!ctx->initialized) {
+        return HID_POLL_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->io_pending) {
+        // Do this if inside to not have more `ReadFile` overlapped I/O requests.
+        // If there are more calls to `ReadFile` than `GetOverlappedResult` then
+        // eventually the working set quota will run out triggering error 1426
+        // (ERROR_WORKING_SET_QUOTA).
+        if (HasOverlappedIoCompleted(&ctx->read_state)) {
+            ctx->io_pending = FALSE;
+
+            if (!GetOverlappedResult(ctx->dev_handle, &ctx->read_state, &ctx->read_size, FALSE)) {
+                return HID_POLL_ERROR;
+            }
+
+            memset(&ctx->read_state, 0, sizeof(OVERLAPPED));
+
+            return HID_POLL_CARD_READY;
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (!ReadFile(
+                ctx->dev_handle,
+                &ctx->report_buffer,
+                sizeof(ctx->report_buffer),
+                &ctx->read_size,
+                &ctx->read_state)) {
+            error = GetLastError();
+
+            if (error == ERROR_IO_PENDING) {
+                ctx->io_pending = TRUE;
+            } else {
+                return HID_POLL_ERROR;
+            }
+        } else {
+            // The read completed right away
+            return HID_POLL_CARD_READY;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return HID_POLL_CARD_NOT_READY;
+}
+
+cardio_hid_card_type cardio_hid_device_read(struct cardio_hid_device *hid_ctx) {
+
+    // check if not initialized
+    if (!hid_ctx->initialized) {
+        return HID_CARD_NONE;
+    }
+
+    // check if IO is pending
+    if (hid_ctx->io_pending) {
+        return HID_CARD_NONE;
+    }
+
+    // check if nothing was read
+    if (hid_ctx->read_size == 0) {
+        return HID_CARD_NONE;
+    }
+
+    // iterate collections
+    for (int i = 0; i < hid_ctx->collection_length; i++) {
+        HIDP_VALUE_CAPS *item = &hid_ctx->collection[i];
+
+        // get usages
+        NTSTATUS res = HidP_GetUsageValueArray(
+                HidP_Input,
+                CARD_READER_USAGE_PAGE,
+                0, // LinkCollection
+                item->NotRange.Usage,
+                (PCHAR) &hid_ctx->usage_value,
+                sizeof(hid_ctx->usage_value),
+                hid_ctx->pp_data,
+                (PCHAR) &hid_ctx->report_buffer,
+                hid_ctx->read_size);
+
+        // loop through the collection to find the entry that handles this report ID
+        if (res == HIDP_STATUS_INCOMPATIBLE_REPORT_ID) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // check if failed
+        if (res != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+            return HID_CARD_NONE;
+        }
+
+        // return card type
+        return (cardio_hid_card_type) item->NotRange.Usage;
+    }
+
+    return HID_CARD_NONE;
+}
diff --git a/external/cardio/cardio_hid.h b/external/cardio/cardio_hid.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b6a92a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cardio/cardio_hid.h
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+/**
+ * MIT-License
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 by Felix
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Modified version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_HID_H
+#define SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_HID_H
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <hidsdi.h>
+};
+
+extern CRITICAL_SECTION CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION;
+extern struct cardio_hid_device *CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS;
+extern size_t CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH;
+
+struct cardio_hid_device {
+    LPWSTR dev_path;
+    HANDLE dev_handle;
+    OVERLAPPED read_state;
+    BOOL initialized;
+    BOOL io_pending;
+
+    BYTE report_buffer[128];
+    unsigned char usage_value[128];
+    DWORD read_size;
+
+    PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA pp_data;
+    HIDP_CAPS caps;
+    PHIDP_VALUE_CAPS collection;
+    USHORT collection_length;
+};
+
+typedef enum cardio_poll_value {
+    HID_POLL_ERROR = 0,
+    HID_POLL_CARD_NOT_READY = 1,
+    HID_POLL_CARD_READY = 2,
+} cardio_hid_poll_value_t;
+
+typedef enum cardio_hid_card_type {
+    HID_CARD_NONE = 0,
+    HID_CARD_ISO_15693 = 0x41,
+    HID_CARD_ISO_18092 = 0x42,
+} cardio_hid_card_type_t;
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_init();
+
+void cardio_hid_close();
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_add_device(LPCWSTR device_path);
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_remove_device(LPCWSTR device_path);
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_scan_device(struct cardio_hid_device *ctx, LPCWSTR device_path);
+
+BOOL cardio_hid_scan();
+
+cardio_hid_poll_value_t cardio_hid_device_poll(struct cardio_hid_device *ctx);
+
+cardio_hid_card_type cardio_hid_device_read(struct cardio_hid_device *ctx);
+
+#endif //SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_HID_H
diff --git a/external/cardio/cardio_runner.cpp b/external/cardio/cardio_runner.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b532e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cardio/cardio_runner.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+#include "cardio_runner.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "cardio_hid.h"
+#include "cardio_window.h"
+
+bool CARDIO_RUNNER_FLIP = false;
+bool CARDIO_RUNNER_TOGGLE = false;
+static bool CARDIO_RUNNER_INITIALIZED = false;
+static std::thread* CARDIO_RUNNER_THREAD = nullptr;
+static HWND CARDIO_RUNNER_HWND = NULL;
+
+void cardio_runner_start(bool scan_hid) {
+
+    // initialize
+    if (!CARDIO_RUNNER_INITIALIZED) {
+        CARDIO_RUNNER_INITIALIZED = true;
+        log_info("cardio", "Initializing CARDIO");
+
+        // initialize
+        if (!cardio_window_init()) {
+            log_warning("cardio", "Couldn't init CARDIO window");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (!cardio_hid_init()) {
+            log_warning("cardio", "Couldn't init CARDIO HID");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // scan HID devices
+        if (scan_hid) {
+            if (!cardio_hid_scan()) {
+                log_warning("cardio", "Couldn't scan for CARDIO devices");
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // create thread
+    if (CARDIO_RUNNER_THREAD == nullptr) {
+        CARDIO_RUNNER_THREAD = new std::thread([] {
+
+            // create window
+            if (CARDIO_RUNNER_HWND == NULL) {
+                if ((CARDIO_RUNNER_HWND = cardio_window_create(GetModuleHandle(NULL))) == NULL) {
+                    log_warning("cardio", "Couldn't create CARDIO window");
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // main loop
+            while (CARDIO_RUNNER_HWND != NULL) {
+
+                // update window
+                cardio_window_update(CARDIO_RUNNER_HWND);
+
+                // update HID devices
+                EnterCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+                for (size_t device_no = 0; device_no < CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS_LENGTH; device_no++) {
+                    auto device = &CARDIO_HID_CONTEXTS[device_no];
+
+                    // get status
+                    auto status = cardio_hid_device_poll(device);
+                    if (status == HID_POLL_CARD_READY) {
+
+                        // read card
+                        if (cardio_hid_device_read(device) == HID_CARD_NONE)
+                            continue;
+
+                        // if card not empty
+                        if (*((uint64_t*) &device->usage_value[0]) > 0) {
+
+                            bool flip_order = CARDIO_RUNNER_FLIP;
+                            if (CARDIO_RUNNER_FLIP) {
+                                log_info("cardio", "Flip order of readers since flip option is set");
+                            }
+                            if (CARDIO_RUNNER_TOGGLE && (GetKeyState(VK_NUMLOCK) & 1) > 0) {
+                                log_info("cardio", "Flip order of readers since Num Lock is on");
+                                flip_order = !flip_order;
+                            }
+
+                            // insert card
+                            if (flip_order)
+                                eamuse_card_insert((int) (device_no + 1) & 1, &device->usage_value[0]);
+                            else
+                                eamuse_card_insert((int) device_no & 1, &device->usage_value[0]);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                LeaveCriticalSection(&CARDIO_HID_CRIT_SECTION);
+
+                // slow down
+                Sleep(15);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+void cardio_runner_stop() {
+
+    // destroy window
+    cardio_window_close(CARDIO_RUNNER_HWND);
+    CARDIO_RUNNER_HWND = NULL;
+    cardio_window_shutdown();
+
+    // destroy thread
+    delete CARDIO_RUNNER_THREAD;
+    CARDIO_RUNNER_THREAD = nullptr;
+
+    // shutdown HID
+    cardio_hid_close();
+
+    // set initialized to false
+    CARDIO_RUNNER_INITIALIZED = false;
+}
diff --git a/external/cardio/cardio_runner.h b/external/cardio/cardio_runner.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..870be0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cardio/cardio_runner.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_RUNNER_H
+#define SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_RUNNER_H
+
+extern bool CARDIO_RUNNER_FLIP;
+extern bool CARDIO_RUNNER_TOGGLE;
+
+void cardio_runner_start(bool scan_hid);
+void cardio_runner_stop();
+
+#endif //SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_RUNNER_H
diff --git a/external/cardio/cardio_window.cpp b/external/cardio/cardio_window.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6396c99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cardio/cardio_window.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+/**
+ * MIT-License
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 by Felix
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Modified version.
+ */
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <strsafe.h>
+#include <dbt.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <hidsdi.h>
+}
+
+#include "cardio_hid.h"
+#include "cardio_window.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+static BOOL CARDIO_WINDOW_UPDATE = TRUE;
+
+static BOOL cardio_window_register_guid(HWND hWnd, HDEVNOTIFY *hDeviceNotify) {
+    DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE notification_filter;
+
+    memset(&notification_filter, 0, sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE));
+    notification_filter.dbcc_size = sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE);
+    notification_filter.dbcc_devicetype = DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE;
+
+    HidD_GetHidGuid(&notification_filter.dbcc_classguid);
+
+    *hDeviceNotify = RegisterDeviceNotificationW(hWnd, &notification_filter, DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE);
+    if (*hDeviceNotify == NULL) {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static INT_PTR WINAPI cardio_window_winproc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+    static HDEVNOTIFY hDeviceNotify;
+
+    LRESULT lRet = 1;
+
+    switch (message) {
+        case WM_CREATE:
+            if (!cardio_window_register_guid(hWnd, &hDeviceNotify)) {
+                lRet = 0;
+                return lRet;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case WM_CLOSE:
+            UnregisterDeviceNotification(hDeviceNotify);
+            DestroyWindow(hWnd);
+            break;
+
+        case WM_DESTROY:
+            PostQuitMessage(0);
+            break;
+
+        case WM_DEVICECHANGE: {
+            if (lParam && (wParam == DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL || wParam == DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE)) {
+                PDEV_BROADCAST_HDR pHdr = (PDEV_BROADCAST_HDR) lParam;
+                switch (pHdr->dbch_devicetype) {
+                    case DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE: {
+                        PDEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE pDevInf = (PDEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE) pHdr;
+                        std::string dbcc_name = std::string(pDevInf->dbcc_name);
+                        std::wstring dbcc_name_w = s2ws(dbcc_name);
+                        if (wParam == DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL && cardio_hid_add_device(dbcc_name_w.c_str())) {
+                            log_info("cardio", "detected reader: {}", dbcc_name);
+                        } else {
+                            cardio_hid_remove_device(dbcc_name_w.c_str());
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        default:
+            lRet = DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return lRet;
+}
+
+BOOL cardio_window_init() {
+    WNDCLASSEX wnd_class;
+    wnd_class.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
+    wnd_class.style = CS_OWNDC;
+    wnd_class.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+    wnd_class.lpfnWndProc = (WNDPROC) cardio_window_winproc;
+    wnd_class.cbClsExtra = 0;
+    wnd_class.cbWndExtra = 0;
+    wnd_class.hIcon = NULL;
+    wnd_class.hbrBackground = NULL;
+    wnd_class.hCursor = NULL;
+    wnd_class.lpszClassName = WND_CLASS_NAME;
+    wnd_class.lpszMenuName = NULL;
+    wnd_class.hIconSm = NULL;
+
+    if (!RegisterClassEx(&wnd_class))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+BOOL cardio_window_shutdown() {
+    if (!UnregisterClass(WND_CLASS_NAME, GetModuleHandle(NULL)))
+        return FALSE;
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+HWND cardio_window_create(HINSTANCE hInstance) {
+    HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(
+            0,
+            WND_CLASS_NAME,
+            TEXT("cardio"),
+            WS_DISABLED,
+            0, 0,
+            CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT,
+            NULL,
+            NULL,
+            hInstance,
+            NULL);
+    return hWnd;
+}
+
+BOOL cardio_window_update(HWND hWnd) {
+    MSG msg;
+    int ret_val;
+
+    while (CARDIO_WINDOW_UPDATE && ((ret_val = PeekMessage(&msg, hWnd, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) != 0)) {
+        if (ret_val == -1) {
+            return FALSE;
+        } else {
+            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+BOOL cardio_window_close(HWND hWnd) {
+    CARDIO_WINDOW_UPDATE = FALSE;
+    return PostMessage(hWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
+}
diff --git a/external/cardio/cardio_window.h b/external/cardio/cardio_window.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae7c244
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cardio/cardio_window.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/**
+ * MIT-License
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 by Felix
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Modified version.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_WINDOW_H
+#define SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_WINDOW_H
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#define WND_CLASS_NAME TEXT("CARDIO Notification Window")
+
+BOOL cardio_window_init();
+BOOL cardio_window_shutdown();
+HWND cardio_window_create(HINSTANCE hInstance);
+BOOL cardio_window_update(HWND hWnd);
+BOOL cardio_window_close(HWND hWnd);
+
+#endif //SPICETOOLS_CARDIO_WINDOW_H
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/.clang-format b/external/cpu_features/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06ea346
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+Language:        Cpp
+BasedOnStyle:  Google
+...
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/.dockerignore b/external/cpu_features/.dockerignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5169bae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/.dockerignore
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+# Project Files unneeded by docker
+.git
+.gitignore
+.github
+.dockerignore
+.clang-format
+appveyor.yml
+.travis.yml
+AUTHORS
+CONTRIBUTING.md
+CONTRIBUTORS
+LICENSE
+README.md
+
+bazel/ci/Makefile
+bazel/ci/docker
+bazel/ci/doc
+
+cmake/ci/Makefile
+cmake/ci/docker
+cmake/ci/doc
+cmake/ci/cache
+
+build/
+cmake_build/
+build_cross/
+cmake-build-*/
+out/
+
+# Editor directories and files
+.idea/
+.vagrant/
+.vscode/
+.vs/
+*.user
+*.swp
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/.gitignore b/external/cpu_features/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f918154
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# Build folders
+build/
+cmake_build/
+build_cross/
+cmake-build-*/
+out/
+
+# IDEs / CI temp files
+.idea/
+.vagrant/
+.vscode/
+.vs/
+*.swp
+
+# Bazel artifacts
+**/bazel-*
+
+# Per-user bazelrc files
+user.bazelrc
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/.grenrc.yml b/external/cpu_features/.grenrc.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77dd755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/.grenrc.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+---
+  dataSource: "prs"
+  ignoreLabels:
+    - "Apple M1"
+    - "duplicate"
+    - "help wanted"
+    - "invalid"
+    - "question"
+    - "wontfix"
+  onlyMilestones: false
+  groupBy:
+    "API Change":
+      - "API Change"
+    "New features / Enhancements":
+      - "enhancement"
+      - "internal"
+    "Bug Fixes":
+      - "bug"
+    "Misc":
+      - "misc"
+  changelogFilename: "CHANGELOG.md"
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/BUILD.bazel b/external/cpu_features/BUILD.bazel
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6925944
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/BUILD.bazel
@@ -0,0 +1,378 @@
+# cpu_features, a cross platform C99 library to get cpu features at runtime.
+
+load("@bazel_skylib//lib:selects.bzl", "selects")
+load("//:bazel/platforms.bzl", "PLATFORM_CPU_ARM", "PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64", "PLATFORM_CPU_MIPS", "PLATFORM_CPU_PPC", "PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV32", "PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV64", "PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64")
+load("//:bazel/platforms.bzl", "PLATFORM_OS_MACOS")
+
+package(
+    default_visibility = ["//visibility:public"],
+    licenses = ["notice"],
+)
+
+exports_files(["LICENSE"])
+
+INCLUDES = ["include"]
+
+C99_FLAGS = [
+    "-std=c99",
+    "-Wall",
+    "-Wextra",
+    "-Wmissing-declarations",
+    "-Wmissing-prototypes",
+    "-Wno-implicit-fallthrough",
+    "-Wno-unused-function",
+    "-Wold-style-definition",
+    "-Wshadow",
+    "-Wsign-compare",
+    "-Wstrict-prototypes",
+]
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "cpu_features_macros",
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = ["include/cpu_features_macros.h"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "cpu_features_cache_info",
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = ["include/cpu_features_cache_info.h"],
+    deps = [":cpu_features_macros"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "bit_utils",
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = ["include/internal/bit_utils.h"],
+    deps = [":cpu_features_macros"],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "bit_utils_test",
+    srcs = ["test/bit_utils_test.cc"],
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":bit_utils",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "memory_utils",
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = [
+        "src/copy.inl",
+        "src/equals.inl",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "string_view",
+    srcs = [
+        "src/string_view.c",
+    ],
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = ["include/internal/string_view.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":memory_utils",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "string_view_test",
+    srcs = ["test/string_view_test.cc"],
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":string_view",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "filesystem",
+    srcs = ["src/filesystem.c"],
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = ["include/internal/filesystem.h"],
+    deps = [":cpu_features_macros"],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "filesystem_for_testing",
+    testonly = 1,
+    srcs = [
+        "src/filesystem.c",
+        "test/filesystem_for_testing.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "include/internal/filesystem.h",
+        "test/filesystem_for_testing.h",
+    ],
+    defines = ["CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_FILESYSTEM"],
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "stack_line_reader",
+    srcs = ["src/stack_line_reader.c"],
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    defines = ["STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE=1024"],
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = ["include/internal/stack_line_reader.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":filesystem",
+        ":string_view",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "stack_line_reader_test",
+    srcs = [
+        "include/internal/stack_line_reader.h",
+        "src/stack_line_reader.c",
+        "test/stack_line_reader_test.cc",
+    ],
+    defines = ["STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE=16"],
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":filesystem_for_testing",
+        ":string_view",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "stack_line_reader_to_use_with_filesystem_for_testing",
+    testonly = 1,
+    srcs = ["src/stack_line_reader.c"],
+    hdrs = ["include/internal/stack_line_reader.h"],
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    defines = ["STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE=1024"],
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":filesystem_for_testing",
+        ":string_view",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "hwcaps",
+    srcs = ["src/hwcaps.c"],
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    defines = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_OS_MACOS: ["HAVE_DLFCN_H"],
+        "//conditions:default": ["HAVE_STRONG_GETAUXVAL"],
+    }),
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = ["include/internal/hwcaps.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":filesystem",
+        ":string_view",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "hwcaps_for_testing",
+    testonly = 1,
+    srcs = [
+        "src/hwcaps.c",
+        "test/hwcaps_for_testing.cc",
+    ],
+    hdrs = [
+        "include/internal/hwcaps.h",
+        "test/hwcaps_for_testing.h",
+    ],
+    defines = [
+        "CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_GET_ELF_HWCAP_FROM_GETAUXVAL",
+        "CPU_FEATURES_TEST",
+    ],
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":filesystem_for_testing",
+        ":string_view",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "cpuinfo",
+    srcs = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: [
+            "src/impl_x86_freebsd.c",
+            "src/impl_x86_linux_or_android.c",
+            "src/impl_x86_macos.c",
+            "src/impl_x86_windows.c",
+        ],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM: ["src/impl_arm_linux_or_android.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64: [
+            "src/impl_aarch64_linux_or_android.c",
+            "src/impl_aarch64_macos_or_iphone.c",
+            "src/impl_aarch64_windows.c",
+        ],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_MIPS: ["src/impl_mips_linux_or_android.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_PPC: ["src/impl_ppc_linux.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV32: ["src/impl_riscv_linux.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV64: ["src/impl_riscv_linux.c"],
+    }),
+    hdrs = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: [
+            "include/cpuinfo_x86.h",
+            "include/internal/cpuid_x86.h",
+            "include/internal/windows_utils.h",
+        ],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM: ["include/cpuinfo_arm.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64: ["include/cpuinfo_aarch64.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_MIPS: ["include/cpuinfo_mips.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_PPC: ["include/cpuinfo_ppc.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV32: ["include/cpuinfo_riscv.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV64: ["include/cpuinfo_riscv.h"],
+    }),
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    defines = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_OS_MACOS: ["HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME"],
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+    }),
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: ["src/impl_x86__base_implementation.inl"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64: ["src/impl_aarch64__base_implementation.inl"],
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+    }) + [
+        "src/define_introspection.inl",
+        "src/define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":bit_utils",
+        ":cpu_features_cache_info",
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":filesystem",
+        ":hwcaps",
+        ":memory_utils",
+        ":stack_line_reader",
+        ":string_view",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "cpuinfo_for_testing",
+    testonly = 1,
+    srcs = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: [
+            "src/impl_x86_freebsd.c",
+            "src/impl_x86_linux_or_android.c",
+            "src/impl_x86_macos.c",
+            "src/impl_x86_windows.c",
+        ],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM: ["src/impl_arm_linux_or_android.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64: [
+            "src/impl_aarch64_linux_or_android.c",
+            "src/impl_aarch64_macos_or_iphone.c",
+            "src/impl_aarch64_windows.c",
+        ],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_MIPS: ["src/impl_mips_linux_or_android.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_PPC: ["src/impl_ppc_linux.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV32: ["src/impl_riscv_linux.c"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV64: ["src/impl_riscv_linux.c"],
+    }),
+    hdrs = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: [
+            "include/cpuinfo_x86.h",
+            "include/internal/cpuid_x86.h",
+            "include/internal/windows_utils.h",
+        ],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM: ["include/cpuinfo_arm.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64: ["include/cpuinfo_aarch64.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_MIPS: ["include/cpuinfo_mips.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_PPC: ["include/cpuinfo_ppc.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV32: ["include/cpuinfo_riscv.h"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV64: ["include/cpuinfo_riscv.h"],
+    }),
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    defines = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: ["CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_X86"],
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+    }) + selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_OS_MACOS: ["HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME"],
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+    }),
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    textual_hdrs = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: ["src/impl_x86__base_implementation.inl"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64: ["src/impl_aarch64__base_implementation.inl"],
+        "//conditions:default": [],
+    }) + [
+        "src/define_introspection.inl",
+        "src/define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl",
+    ],
+    deps = [
+        ":bit_utils",
+        ":cpu_features_cache_info",
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":filesystem_for_testing",
+        ":hwcaps_for_testing",
+        ":memory_utils",
+        ":stack_line_reader_to_use_with_filesystem_for_testing",
+        ":string_view",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_test(
+    name = "cpuinfo_test",
+    srcs = selects.with_or({
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM64: ["test/cpuinfo_aarch64_test.cc"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_ARM: ["test/cpuinfo_arm_test.cc"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_MIPS: ["test/cpuinfo_mips_test.cc"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_PPC: ["test/cpuinfo_ppc_test.cc"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV32: ["test/cpuinfo_riscv_test.cc"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_RISCV64: ["test/cpuinfo_riscv_test.cc"],
+        PLATFORM_CPU_X86_64: ["test/cpuinfo_x86_test.cc"],
+    }),
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":cpuinfo_for_testing",
+        ":filesystem_for_testing",
+        ":hwcaps_for_testing",
+        ":string_view",
+        "@com_google_googletest//:gtest_main",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_binary(
+    name = "list_cpu_features",
+    srcs = ["src/utils/list_cpu_features.c"],
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES,
+    deps = [
+        ":bit_utils",
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":cpuinfo",
+    ],
+)
+
+cc_library(
+    name = "ndk_compat",
+    srcs = ["ndk_compat/cpu-features.c"],
+    copts = C99_FLAGS,
+    includes = INCLUDES + ["ndk_compat"],
+    textual_hdrs = ["ndk_compat/cpu-features.h"],
+    deps = [
+        ":cpu_features_macros",
+        ":cpuinfo",
+        ":filesystem",
+        ":stack_line_reader",
+        ":string_view",
+    ],
+)
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/CMakeLists.txt b/external/cpu_features/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0454967
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,302 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+
+# option() honors normal variables.
+# see: https://cmake.org/cmake/help/git-stage/policy/CMP0077.html
+if(POLICY CMP0077)
+  cmake_policy(SET CMP0077 NEW)
+endif()
+
+project(CpuFeatures VERSION 0.9.0 LANGUAGES C)
+
+set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
+
+# when cpu_features is included as subproject (i.e. using add_subdirectory(cpu_features))
+# in the source tree of a project that uses it, test rules are disabled.
+if(NOT CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR)
+  option(BUILD_TESTING "Enable test rule" OFF)
+else()
+  option(BUILD_TESTING "Enable test rule" ON)
+endif()
+
+# Default Build Type to be Release
+if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+  set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING
+      "Choose the type of build, options are: Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel."
+      FORCE)
+endif(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+
+# An option to enable/disable the executable target list_cpu_features.
+# Disable it by default if the project is included as a subproject.
+if(NOT CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR)
+  option(BUILD_EXECUTABLE "Build list_cpu_features executable." OFF)
+else()
+  option(BUILD_EXECUTABLE "Build list_cpu_features executable." ON)
+endif()
+
+# An option which allows to switch off install steps. Useful for embedding.
+# Disable it by default if the project is included as a subproject.
+if(NOT CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR)
+  option(ENABLE_INSTALL "Enable install targets" OFF)
+else()
+  option(ENABLE_INSTALL "Enable install targets" ON)
+endif()
+
+# BUILD_SHARED_LIBS is a standard CMake variable, but we declare it here to make
+# it prominent in the GUI.
+# cpu_features uses bit-fields which are - to some extends - implementation-defined (see https://en.cppreference.com/w/c/language/bit_field).
+# As a consequence it is discouraged to use cpu_features as a shared library because different compilers may interpret the code in different ways.
+# Prefer static linking from source whenever possible.
+option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build library as shared." OFF)
+
+# Force PIC on unix when building shared libs
+# see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Position-independent_code
+if(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS AND UNIX)
+  option(CMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE "Build with Position Independant Code." ON)
+endif()
+
+include(CheckIncludeFile)
+include(CheckSymbolExists)
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+macro(setup_include_and_definitions TARGET_NAME)
+  target_include_directories(${TARGET_NAME}
+    PUBLIC  $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
+    PRIVATE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal>
+  )
+  target_compile_definitions(${TARGET_NAME}
+    PUBLIC STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE=1024
+  )
+endmacro()
+
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_MIPS FALSE)
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_ARM FALSE)
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_AARCH64 FALSE)
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_X86 FALSE)
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_POWER FALSE)
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_S390X FALSE)
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_RISCV FALSE)
+set(PROCESSOR_IS_LOONGARCH FALSE)
+
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^mips")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_MIPS TRUE)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "(^aarch64)|(^arm64)|(^ARM64)")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_AARCH64 TRUE)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^arm")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_ARM TRUE)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "(x86)|(x86_64)|(AMD64|amd64)|(^i.86$)")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_X86 TRUE)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(powerpc|ppc)")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_POWER TRUE)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(s390x)")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_S390X TRUE)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^riscv")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_RISCV TRUE)
+elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^loongarch")
+  set(PROCESSOR_IS_LOONGARCH TRUE)
+endif()
+
+macro(add_cpu_features_headers_and_sources HDRS_LIST_NAME SRCS_LIST_NAME)
+  list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpu_features_macros.h)
+  list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpu_features_cache_info.h)
+  file(GLOB IMPL_SOURCES CONFIGURE_DEPENDS "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/impl_*.c")
+  list(APPEND ${SRCS_LIST_NAME} ${IMPL_SOURCES})
+  if(PROCESSOR_IS_MIPS)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_mips.h)
+  elseif(PROCESSOR_IS_ARM)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_arm.h)
+  elseif(PROCESSOR_IS_AARCH64)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_aarch64.h)
+      list(APPEND ${SRCS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/windows_utils.h)
+  elseif(PROCESSOR_IS_X86)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_x86.h)
+      list(APPEND ${SRCS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/cpuid_x86.h)
+      list(APPEND ${SRCS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/windows_utils.h)
+  elseif(PROCESSOR_IS_POWER)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_ppc.h)
+  elseif(PROCESSOR_IS_S390X)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_s390x.h)
+  elseif(PROCESSOR_IS_RISCV)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_riscv.h)
+  elseif(PROCESSOR_IS_LOONGARCH)
+      list(APPEND ${HDRS_LIST_NAME} ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/cpuinfo_loongarch.h)
+  else()
+    message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported architectures ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR}")
+  endif()
+endmacro()
+
+#
+# library : utils
+#
+
+add_library(utils OBJECT
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/bit_utils.h
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/filesystem.h
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/stack_line_reader.h
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/string_view.h
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/filesystem.c
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/stack_line_reader.c
+  ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/string_view.c
+)
+setup_include_and_definitions(utils)
+
+#
+# library : unix_based_hardware_detection
+#
+
+if(UNIX)
+  add_library(unix_based_hardware_detection OBJECT
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/internal/hwcaps.h
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/hwcaps.c
+  )
+  setup_include_and_definitions(unix_based_hardware_detection)
+  check_include_file(dlfcn.h HAVE_DLFCN_H)
+  if(HAVE_DLFCN_H)
+    target_compile_definitions(unix_based_hardware_detection PRIVATE HAVE_DLFCN_H)
+  endif()
+  check_symbol_exists(getauxval "sys/auxv.h" HAVE_STRONG_GETAUXVAL)
+  if(HAVE_STRONG_GETAUXVAL)
+    target_compile_definitions(unix_based_hardware_detection PRIVATE HAVE_STRONG_GETAUXVAL)
+  endif()
+endif()
+
+#
+# library : cpu_features
+#
+set (CPU_FEATURES_HDRS)
+set (CPU_FEATURES_SRCS)
+add_cpu_features_headers_and_sources(CPU_FEATURES_HDRS CPU_FEATURES_SRCS)
+list(APPEND CPU_FEATURES_SRCS $<TARGET_OBJECTS:utils>)
+if(NOT PROCESSOR_IS_X86 AND UNIX)
+  list(APPEND CPU_FEATURES_SRCS $<TARGET_OBJECTS:unix_based_hardware_detection>)
+endif()
+add_library(cpu_features ${CPU_FEATURES_HDRS} ${CPU_FEATURES_SRCS})
+set_target_properties(cpu_features PROPERTIES PUBLIC_HEADER "${CPU_FEATURES_HDRS}")
+setup_include_and_definitions(cpu_features)
+target_link_libraries(cpu_features PUBLIC ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})
+target_include_directories(cpu_features
+  PUBLIC $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/cpu_features>
+)
+
+if(APPLE)
+  target_compile_definitions(cpu_features PRIVATE HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME)
+endif()
+add_library(CpuFeatures::cpu_features ALIAS cpu_features)
+
+#
+# program : list_cpu_features
+#
+
+if(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+  add_executable(list_cpu_features ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/utils/list_cpu_features.c)
+  target_link_libraries(list_cpu_features PRIVATE cpu_features)
+  add_executable(CpuFeatures::list_cpu_features ALIAS list_cpu_features)
+endif()
+
+#
+# ndk_compat
+#
+
+if(ANDROID)
+add_subdirectory(ndk_compat)
+endif()
+
+#
+# tests
+#
+
+include(CTest)
+if(BUILD_TESTING)
+  # Automatically incorporate googletest into the CMake Project if target not
+  # found.
+  enable_language(CXX)
+
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF) # prefer use of -std14 instead of -gnustd14
+
+  if(NOT TARGET gtest OR NOT TARGET gmock_main)
+    # Download and unpack googletest at configure time.
+    configure_file(
+      cmake/googletest.CMakeLists.txt.in
+      googletest-download/CMakeLists.txt
+    )
+
+    execute_process(
+      COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" .
+      RESULT_VARIABLE result
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download)
+
+    if(result)
+      message(FATAL_ERROR "CMake step for googletest failed: ${result}")
+    endif()
+
+    execute_process(
+      COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} --build .
+      RESULT_VARIABLE result
+      WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-download)
+
+    if(result)
+      message(FATAL_ERROR "Build step for googletest failed: ${result}")
+    endif()
+
+    # Prevent overriding the parent project's compiler/linker settings on
+    # Windows.
+    set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
+
+    # Add googletest directly to our build. This defines the gtest and
+    # gtest_main targets.
+    add_subdirectory(${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src
+                     ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build
+                     EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL)
+  endif()
+
+  add_subdirectory(test)
+endif()
+
+#
+# Install cpu_features and list_cpu_features
+#
+if(ENABLE_INSTALL)
+  include(GNUInstallDirs)
+  install(TARGETS cpu_features
+    EXPORT CpuFeaturesTargets
+    PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/cpu_features
+    ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+    LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+    RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+    BUNDLE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+  )
+  if(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
+    install(TARGETS list_cpu_features
+      EXPORT CpuFeaturesTargets
+      PUBLIC_HEADER DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/cpu_features
+      ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+      LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}
+      RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+      BUNDLE DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
+    )
+  endif()
+  install(EXPORT CpuFeaturesTargets
+    NAMESPACE CpuFeatures::
+    DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/CpuFeatures
+    COMPONENT Devel
+  )
+  include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
+  configure_package_config_file(cmake/CpuFeaturesConfig.cmake.in
+    "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/CpuFeaturesConfig.cmake"
+    INSTALL_DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/CpuFeatures"
+    NO_SET_AND_CHECK_MACRO
+    NO_CHECK_REQUIRED_COMPONENTS_MACRO
+  )
+  write_basic_package_version_file(
+    "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/CpuFeaturesConfigVersion.cmake"
+    COMPATIBILITY SameMajorVersion
+  )
+  install(
+    FILES
+      "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/CpuFeaturesConfig.cmake"
+      "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/CpuFeaturesConfigVersion.cmake"
+    DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/CpuFeatures"
+    COMPONENT Devel
+  )
+endif()
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/CONTRIBUTING.md b/external/cpu_features/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c980350
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# How to Contribute
+
+We'd love to accept your patches and contributions to this project. There are
+just a few small guidelines you need to follow.
+
+## Contributor License Agreement
+
+Contributions to this project must be accompanied by a Contributor License
+Agreement. You (or your employer) retain the copyright to your contribution;
+this simply gives us permission to use and redistribute your contributions as
+part of the project. Head over to <https://cla.developers.google.com/> to see
+your current agreements on file or to sign a new one.
+
+You generally only need to submit a CLA once, so if you've already submitted one
+(even if it was for a different project), you probably don't need to do it
+again.
+
+## Code reviews
+
+All submissions, including submissions by project members, require review. We
+use GitHub pull requests for this purpose. Consult
+[GitHub Help](https://help.github.com/articles/about-pull-requests/) for more
+information on using pull requests.
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/LICENSE b/external/cpu_features/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a7043c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+
+                                 Apache License
+                           Version 2.0, January 2004
+                        http://www.apache.org/licenses/
+
+   TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION
+
+   1. Definitions.
+
+      "License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction,
+      and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
+
+      "Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by
+      the copyright owner that is granting the License.
+
+      "Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all
+      other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common
+      control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition,
+      "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the
+      direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or
+      otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the
+      outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
+
+      "You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity
+      exercising permissions granted by this License.
+
+      "Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications,
+      including but not limited to software source code, documentation
+      source, and configuration files.
+
+      "Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical
+      transformation or translation of a Source form, including but
+      not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation,
+      and conversions to other media types.
+
+      "Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or
+      Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a
+      copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work
+      (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
+
+      "Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object
+      form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the
+      editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications
+      represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes
+      of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain
+      separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of,
+      the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
+
+      "Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including
+      the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions
+      to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally
+      submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner
+      or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of
+      the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted"
+      means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent
+      to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to
+      communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems,
+      and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the
+      Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but
+      excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise
+      designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
+
+      "Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity
+      on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and
+      subsequently incorporated within the Work.
+
+   2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of
+      this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual,
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diff --git a/external/cpu_features/README.md b/external/cpu_features/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e66497
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+# cpu_features
+
+A cross-platform C library to retrieve CPU features (such as available
+instructions) at runtime.
+
+# GitHub-CI Status
+
+[comment]: <> (The following lines are generated by "scripts/generate_badges.d" that you can run online https://run.dlang.io/)
+
+|  | Linux | FreeBSD | MacOS | Windows |
+| :-- | --: | --: | --: | --: |
+| amd64 | [![CMake][i1a0]][l1a0]<br/>[![Bazel][i1a1]][l1a1] | [![CMake][i2a0]][l2a0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | [![CMake][i3a0]][l3a0]<br/>[![Bazel][i3a1]][l3a1] | [![CMake][i4a0]][l4a0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+| AArch64 | [![CMake][i1b0]][l1b0]<br/>[![Bazel][i1b1]][l1b1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+| ARM | [![CMake][i1c0]][l1c0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+| MIPS | [![CMake][i1d0]][l1d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+| POWER | [![CMake][i1e0]][l1e0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+| RISCV | [![CMake][i1f0]][l1f0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+| LOONGARCH | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+| s390x | [![CMake][i1h0]][l1h0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] | ![CMake][d0]<br/>![Bazel][d1] |
+
+[d0]: https://img.shields.io/badge/n%2Fa-lightgrey?&logo=cmake
+[d1]: https://img.shields.io/badge/n%2Fa-lightgrey?&logo=data:image/svg%2bxml;base64,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
+[i1a0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/amd64_linux_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i1a1]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/amd64_linux_bazel.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=data:image/svg%2bxml;base64,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
+[i1b0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/aarch64_linux_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i1b1]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/aarch64_linux_bazel.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=data:image/svg%2bxml;base64,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
+[i1c0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/arm_linux_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i1d0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/mips_linux_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i1e0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/power_linux_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i1f0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/riscv_linux_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i1h0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/s390x_linux_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i2a0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/amd64_freebsd_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i3a0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/amd64_macos_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[i3a1]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/amd64_macos_bazel.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=data:image/svg%2bxml;base64,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
+[i4a0]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/google/cpu_features/amd64_windows_cmake.yml?branch=main&event=push&label=&logo=cmake
+[l1a0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/amd64_linux_cmake.yml
+[l1a1]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/amd64_linux_bazel.yml
+[l1b0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/aarch64_linux_cmake.yml
+[l1b1]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/aarch64_linux_bazel.yml
+[l1c0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/arm_linux_cmake.yml
+[l1d0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/mips_linux_cmake.yml
+[l1e0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/power_linux_cmake.yml
+[l1f0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/riscv_linux_cmake.yml
+[l1h0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/s390x_linux_cmake.yml
+[l2a0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/amd64_freebsd_cmake.yml
+[l3a0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/amd64_macos_cmake.yml
+[l3a1]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/amd64_macos_bazel.yml
+[l4a0]: https://github.com/google/cpu_features/actions/workflows/amd64_windows_cmake.yml
+
+## Table of Contents
+
+- [Design Rationale](#rationale)
+- [Code samples](#codesample)
+- [Running sample code](#usagesample)
+- [What's supported](#support)
+- [Android NDK's drop in replacement](#ndk)
+- [License](#license)
+- [Build with cmake](#cmake)
+- [Community Bindings](#bindings)
+
+<a name="rationale"></a>
+## Design Rationale
+
+-   **Simple to use.** See the snippets below for examples.
+-   **Extensible.** Easy to add missing features or architectures.
+-   **Compatible with old compilers** and available on many architectures so it
+    can be used widely. To ensure that cpu_features works on as many platforms
+    as possible, we implemented it in a highly portable version of C: C99.
+-   **Sandbox-compatible.** The library uses a variety of strategies to cope
+    with sandboxed environments or when `cpuid` is unavailable. This is useful
+    when running integration tests in hermetic environments.
+-   **Thread safe, no memory allocation, and raises no exceptions.**
+    cpu_features is suitable for implementing fundamental libc functions like
+    `malloc`, `memcpy`, and `memcmp`.
+-   **Unit tested.**
+
+<a name="codesample"></a>
+## Code samples
+
+**Note:** For C++ code, the library functions are defined in the `cpu_features` namespace.
+
+### Checking features at runtime
+
+Here's a simple example that executes a codepath if the CPU supports both the
+AES and the SSE4.2 instruction sets:
+
+```c
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+
+// For C++, add `using namespace cpu_features;`
+static const X86Features features = GetX86Info().features;
+
+void Compute(void) {
+  if (features.aes && features.sse4_2) {
+    // Run optimized code.
+  } else {
+    // Run standard code.
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Caching for faster evaluation of complex checks
+
+If you wish, you can read all the features at once into a global variable, and
+then query for the specific features you care about. Below, we store all the ARM
+features and then check whether AES and NEON are supported.
+
+```c
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "cpuinfo_arm.h"
+
+// For C++, add `using namespace cpu_features;`
+static const ArmFeatures features = GetArmInfo().features;
+static const bool has_aes_and_neon = features.aes && features.neon;
+
+// use has_aes_and_neon.
+```
+
+This is a good approach to take if you're checking for combinations of features
+when using a compiler that is slow to extract individual bits from bit-packed
+structures.
+
+### Checking compile time flags
+
+The following code determines whether the compiler was told to use the AVX
+instruction set (e.g., `g++ -mavx`) and sets `has_avx` accordingly.
+
+```c
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+
+// For C++, add `using namespace cpu_features;`
+static const X86Features features = GetX86Info().features;
+static const bool has_avx = CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AVX || features.avx;
+
+// use has_avx.
+```
+
+`CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AVX` is set to 1 if the compiler was instructed to
+use AVX and 0 otherwise, combining compile time and runtime knowledge.
+
+### Rejecting poor hardware implementations based on microarchitecture
+
+On x86, the first incarnation of a feature in a microarchitecture might not be
+the most efficient (e.g. AVX on Sandy Bridge). We provide a function to retrieve
+the underlying microarchitecture so you can decide whether to use it.
+
+Below, `has_fast_avx` is set to 1 if the CPU supports the AVX instruction
+set&mdash;but only if it's not Sandy Bridge.
+
+```c
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+
+// For C++, add `using namespace cpu_features;`
+static const X86Info info = GetX86Info();
+static const X86Microarchitecture uarch = GetX86Microarchitecture(&info);
+static const bool has_fast_avx = info.features.avx && uarch != INTEL_SNB;
+
+// use has_fast_avx.
+```
+
+This feature is currently available only for x86 microarchitectures.
+
+<a name="usagesample"></a>
+### Running sample code
+
+Building `cpu_features` (check [quickstart](#quickstart) below) brings a small executable to test the library.
+
+```shell
+ % ./build/list_cpu_features
+arch            : x86
+brand           :        Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 0 @ 3.20GHz
+family          :   6 (0x06)
+model           :  45 (0x2D)
+stepping        :   7 (0x07)
+uarch           : INTEL_SNB
+flags           : aes,avx,cx16,smx,sse4_1,sse4_2,ssse3
+```
+
+```shell
+% ./build/list_cpu_features --json
+{"arch":"x86","brand":"       Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5-1650 0 @ 3.20GHz","family":6,"model":45,"stepping":7,"uarch":"INTEL_SNB","flags":["aes","avx","cx16","smx","sse4_1","sse4_2","ssse3"]}
+```
+
+<a name="support"></a>
+## What's supported
+
+|         | x86³ | AArch64 | ARM     | MIPS�   | POWER   | RISCV   | Loongarch | s390x   |
+|---------|:----:|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|:-------:|:---------:|:-------:|
+| Linux   | yes² | yes¹    | yes¹    | yes¹    | yes¹    | yes¹    | yes¹      | yes¹    |
+| FreeBSD | yes² | not yet | not yet | not yet | not yet | N/A     | not yet   | not yet |
+| MacOs   | yes² | yes�    | N/A     | N/A     | N/A     | N/A     | N/A       | N/A     |
+| Windows | yes² | not yet | not yet | N/A     | N/A     | N/A     | N/A       | N/A     |
+| Android | yes² | yes¹    | yes¹    | yes¹    | N/A     | N/A     | N/A       | N/A     |
+| iOS     | N/A  | not yet | not yet | N/A     | N/A     | N/A     | N/A       | N/A     |
+
+1.  **Features revealed from Linux.** We gather data from several sources
+    depending on availability:
+    +   from glibc's
+        [getauxval](https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Auxiliary-Vector.html)
+    +   by parsing `/proc/self/auxv`
+    +   by parsing `/proc/cpuinfo`
+2.  **Features revealed from CPU.** features are retrieved by using the `cpuid`
+    instruction.
+3.  **Microarchitecture detection.** On x86 some features are not always
+    implemented efficiently in hardware (e.g. AVX on Sandybridge). Exposing the
+    microarchitecture allows the client to reject particular microarchitectures.
+4.  All flavors of Mips are supported, little and big endian as well as 32/64
+    bits.
+5.  **Features revealed from sysctl.** features are retrieved by the `sysctl`
+    instruction.
+
+<a name="ndk"></a>
+## Android NDK's drop in replacement
+
+[cpu_features](https://github.com/google/cpu_features) is now officially
+supporting Android and offers a drop in replacement of for the NDK's [cpu-features.h](https://android.googlesource.com/platform/ndk/+/main/sources/android/cpufeatures/cpu-features.h)
+, see [ndk_compat](ndk_compat) folder for details.
+
+<a name="license"></a>
+## License
+
+The cpu_features library is licensed under the terms of the Apache license.
+See [LICENSE](LICENSE) for more information.
+
+<a name="cmake"></a>
+## Build with CMake
+
+Please check the [CMake build instructions](cmake/README.md).
+
+<a name="quickstart"></a>
+### Quickstart
+
+- Run `list_cpu_features`
+  ```sh
+  cmake -S. -Bbuild -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+  cmake --build build --config Release -j
+  ./build/list_cpu_features --json
+  ```
+
+  _Note_: Use `--target ALL_BUILD` on the second line for `Visual Studio` and `XCode`.
+
+- run tests
+  ```sh
+  cmake -S. -Bbuild -DBUILD_TESTING=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug
+  cmake --build build --config Debug -j
+  cmake --build build --config Debug --target test
+  ```
+
+  _Note_: Use `--target RUN_TESTS` on the last line for `Visual Studio` and `--target RUN_TEST` for `XCode`.
+
+
+- install `cpu_features`
+  ```sh
+  cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v
+  ```
+
+  _Note_: Use `--target INSTALL` for `Visual Studio`.
+
+  _Note_: When using `Makefile` or `XCode` generator, you can use
+  [`DESTDIR`](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/DESTDIR.html)
+  to install on a local repository.<br>
+  e.g.
+  ```sh
+  cmake --build build --config Release --target install -v -- DESTDIR=install
+  ```
+
+<a name="bindings"></a>
+## Community bindings
+
+Links provided here are not affiliated with Google but are kindly provided by the OSS Community.
+
+ - .Net
+   - https://github.com/toor1245/cpu_features.NET
+ - Python
+   - https://github.com/Narasimha1997/py_cpu
+ - Java
+   - https://github.com/aecsocket/cpu-features-java
+
+
+_Send PR to showcase your wrapper here_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/WORKSPACE b/external/cpu_features/WORKSPACE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c26a772
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/WORKSPACE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+workspace(name = "com_google_cpufeatures")
+
+load("@bazel_tools//tools/build_defs/repo:git.bzl", "git_repository")
+
+git_repository(
+    name = "com_google_googletest",
+    tag = "release-1.11.0",
+    remote = "https://github.com/google/googletest.git",
+)
+
+git_repository(
+    name = "bazel_skylib",
+    tag = "1.2.0",
+    remote = "https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-skylib.git",
+)
+
+load("@bazel_skylib//:workspace.bzl", "bazel_skylib_workspace")
+
+bazel_skylib_workspace()
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/CpuFeaturesConfig.cmake.in b/external/cpu_features/cmake/CpuFeaturesConfig.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0bf10e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/CpuFeaturesConfig.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# CpuFeatures CMake configuration file
+
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/CpuFeaturesTargets.cmake")
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/CpuFeaturesNdkCompatConfig.cmake.in b/external/cpu_features/cmake/CpuFeaturesNdkCompatConfig.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a53ffd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/CpuFeaturesNdkCompatConfig.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# CpuFeaturesNdkCompat CMake configuration file
+
+include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/CpuFeaturesNdkCompatTargets.cmake")
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/README.md b/external/cpu_features/cmake/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..feaa2fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+# CMake build instructions
+
+## Recommended usage : Incorporating cpu_features into a CMake project
+
+For API / ABI compatibility reasons, it is recommended to build and use
+cpu_features in a subdirectory of your project or as an embedded dependency.
+
+This is similar to the recommended usage of the googletest framework
+( https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/main/googletest/README.md )
+
+Build and use step-by-step
+
+
+1- Download cpu_features and copy it in a sub-directory in your project.
+or add cpu_features as a git-submodule in your project
+
+2- You can then use the cmake command `add_subdirectory()` to include
+cpu_features directly and use the `cpu_features` target in your project.
+
+3- Add the `CpuFeatures::cpu_features` target to the `target_link_libraries()` section of
+your executable or of your library.
+
+## Disabling tests
+
+CMake default options for cpu_features is `Release` built type with tests
+enabled. To disable testing set cmake `BUILD_TESTING` variable to `OFF`.
+e.g.
+```sh
+cmake -S. -Bbuild -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF
+```
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/Makefile b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f655fc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,252 @@
+PROJECT := cpu_features
+BRANCH := $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)
+SHA1 := $(shell git rev-parse --verify HEAD)
+
+# General commands
+.PHONY: help
+BOLD=\e[1m
+RESET=\e[0m
+
+help:
+	@echo -e "${BOLD}SYNOPSIS${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\tmake <target> [NOCACHE=1]"
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "${BOLD}DESCRIPTION${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\ttest build inside docker container to have a reproductible build."
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "${BOLD}MAKE TARGETS${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}help${RESET}: display this help and exit."
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}amd64_<stage>${RESET}: build <stage> docker image using an Ubuntu:latest x86_64 base image."
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}save_amd64_<stage>${RESET}: Save the <stage> docker image."
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}sh_amd64_<stage>${RESET}: run a container using the <stage> docker image (debug purpose)."
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}clean_amd64_<stage>${RESET}: Remove cache and docker image."
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\tWith ${BOLD}<stage>${RESET}:"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}env${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}devel${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}build${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}test${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}install_env${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}install_devel${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}install_build${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}install_test${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\te.g. 'make amd64_build'"
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}<target>_<toolchain_stage>${RESET}: build <stage> docker image for a specific toolchain target."
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}save_<target>_<toolchain_stage>${RESET}: Save the <stage> docker image for a specific platform."
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}sh_<target>_<toolchain_stage>${RESET}: run a container using the <stage> docker image specified (debug purpose)."
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}clean_<target>_<toolchain_stage>${RESET}: Remove cache and docker image."
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\tWith ${BOLD}<target>${RESET}:"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}arm-linux-gnueabihf${RESET} (linaro toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}armv8l-linux-gnueabihf${RESET} (linaro toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}arm-linux-gnueabi${RESET} (linaro toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}armeb-linux-gnueabihf${RESET} (linaro toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}armeb-linux-gnueabi${RESET} (linaro toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}aarch64-linux-gnu${RESET} (linaro toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}aarch64${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}aarch64_be-linux-gnu${RESET} (linaro toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}aarch64be${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}mips32${RESET} (codespace toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}mips64${RESET} (codespace toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}mips32el${RESET} (codespace toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}mips64el${RESET} (codespace toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}ppc${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}ppc64${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}ppc64le${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}riscv32${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}riscv64${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}s390x${RESET} (bootlin toolchain)"
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\tWith ${BOLD}<toolchain_stage>${RESET}:"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}env${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}devel${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}build${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}test${RESET}"
+	@echo -e "\te.g. 'make aarch64_test'"
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}<VM>${RESET}: build the vagrant <VM> virtual machine."
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}clean_<VM>${RESET}: Remove virtual machine for the specified vm."
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}<VM>${RESET}:"
+	@echo -e "\t\t${BOLD}freebsd${RESET} (FreeBSD)"
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}clean${RESET}: Remove cache and ALL docker images."
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "\t${BOLD}NOCACHE=1${RESET}: use 'docker build --no-cache' when building container (default use cache)."
+	@echo
+	@echo -e "branch: $(BRANCH)"
+	@echo -e "sha1: $(SHA1)"
+
+# Need to add cmd_platform to PHONY otherwise target are ignored since they do not
+# contain recipe (using FORCE do not work here)
+.PHONY: all
+all: build
+
+# Delete all implicit rules to speed up makefile
+MAKEFLAGS += --no-builtin-rules
+.SUFFIXES:
+# Remove some rules from gmake that .SUFFIXES does not remove.
+SUFFIXES =
+# Keep all intermediate files
+# ToDo: try to remove it later
+.SECONDARY:
+
+# Docker image name prefix.
+IMAGE := ${PROJECT}
+
+ifdef NOCACHE
+DOCKER_BUILD_CMD := docker build --no-cache
+else
+DOCKER_BUILD_CMD := docker build
+endif
+
+DOCKER_RUN_CMD := docker run --rm --init --net=host
+
+# $* stem
+# $< first prerequist
+# $@ target name
+
+############
+## NATIVE ##
+############
+STAGES = env devel build test install_env install_devel install_build install_test
+
+targets_amd64 = $(addprefix amd64_, $(STAGES))
+.PHONY: $(targets_amd64)
+$(targets_amd64): amd64_%: docker/amd64/Dockerfile
+	#@docker image rm -f ${IMAGE}:amd64_$* 2>/dev/null
+	${DOCKER_BUILD_CMD} \
+ --tag ${IMAGE}:amd64_$* \
+ --target=$* \
+ -f $< \
+ ../..
+
+#$(info Create targets: save_amd64 $(addprefix save_amd64_, $(STAGES)) (debug).)
+save_targets_amd64 = $(addprefix save_amd64_, $(STAGES))
+.PHONY: $(save_targets_amd64)
+$(save_targets_amd64): save_amd64_%: cache/amd64/docker_%.tar
+cache/amd64/docker_%.tar: amd64_%
+	@rm -f $@
+	mkdir -p cache/amd64
+	docker save ${IMAGE}:amd64_$* -o $@
+
+#$(info Create targets: $(addprefix sh_amd64_, $(STAGES)) (debug).)
+sh_targets_amd64 = $(addprefix sh_amd64_, $(STAGES))
+.PHONY: $(sh_targets_amd64)
+$(sh_targets_amd64): sh_amd64_%: amd64_%
+	${DOCKER_RUN_CMD} -it --name ${IMAGE}_amd64_$* ${IMAGE}:amd64_$*
+
+#$(info Create targets: $(addprefix clean_amd64_, $(STAGES)).)
+clean_targets_amd64 = $(addprefix clean_amd64_, $(STAGES))
+.PHONY: clean_amd64 $(clean_targets_amd64)
+clean_amd64: $(clean_targets_amd64)
+$(clean_targets_amd64): clean_amd64_%:
+	docker image rm -f ${IMAGE}:amd64_$* 2>/dev/null
+	rm -f cache/amd64/docker_$*.tar
+
+
+###############
+## TOOLCHAIN ##
+###############
+TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS = \
+ aarch64 aarch64be \
+ arm-linux-gnueabihf armv8l-linux-gnueabihf arm-linux-gnueabi armeb-linux-gnueabihf armeb-linux-gnueabi \
+ aarch64-linux-gnu aarch64_be-linux-gnu \
+ mips32 mips32el mips64 mips64el \
+ ppc ppc64 ppc64le \
+ riscv32 riscv64 \
+ s390x
+TOOLCHAIN_STAGES = env devel build test
+define toolchain-stage-target =
+#$$(info STAGE: $1)
+#$$(info Create targets: toolchain_$1 $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS)).)
+targets_toolchain_$1 = $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS))
+.PHONY: toolchain_$1 $$(targets_toolchain_$1)
+toolchain_$1: $$(targets_toolchain_$1)
+$$(targets_toolchain_$1): %_$1: docker/toolchain/Dockerfile
+	#@docker image rm -f ${IMAGE}:$$*_$1 2>/dev/null
+	${DOCKER_BUILD_CMD} \
+ --tag ${IMAGE}:$$*_$1 \
+ --build-arg TARGET=$$* \
+ --target=$1 \
+ -f $$< \
+ ../..
+
+#$$(info Create targets: save_toolchain_$1 $(addprefix save_, $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS))) (debug).)
+save_targets_toolchain_$1 = $(addprefix save_, $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS)))
+.PHONY: save_toolchain_$1 $$(save_targets_toolchain_$1)
+save_toolchain_$1: $$(save_targets_toolchain_$1)
+$$(save_targets_toolchain_$1): save_%_$1: cache/%/docker_$1.tar
+cache/%/docker_$1.tar: %_$1
+	@rm -f $$@
+	mkdir -p cache/$$*
+	docker save ${IMAGE}:$$*_$1 -o $$@
+
+#$$(info Create targets: $(addprefix sh_, $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS))) (debug).)
+sh_targets_toolchain_$1 = $(addprefix sh_, $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS)))
+.PHONY: $$(sh_targets_toolchain_$1)
+$$(sh_targets_toolchain_$1): sh_%_$1: %_$1
+	${DOCKER_RUN_CMD} -it --name ${IMAGE}_$$*_$1 ${IMAGE}:$$*_$1
+
+#$$(info Create targets: clean_toolchain_$1 $(addprefix clean_, $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS))).)
+clean_targets_toolchain_$1 = $(addprefix clean_, $(addsuffix _$1, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS)))
+.PHONY: clean_toolchain_$1 $$(clean_targets_toolchain_$1)
+clean_toolchain_$1: $$(clean_targets_toolchain_$1)
+$$(clean_targets_toolchain_$1): clean_%_$1:
+	docker image rm -f ${IMAGE}:$$*_$1 2>/dev/null
+	rm -f cache/$$*/docker_$1.tar
+endef
+
+$(foreach stage,$(TOOLCHAIN_STAGES),$(eval $(call toolchain-stage-target,$(stage))))
+
+## MERGE ##
+.PHONY: clean_toolchain
+clean_toolchain: $(addprefix clean_toolchain_, $(TOOLCHAIN_STAGES))
+	-rmdir $(addprefix cache/, $(TOOLCHAIN_TARGETS))
+
+.PHONY: env devel build test
+env: amd64_env toolchain_env
+devel: amd64_devel toolchain_devel
+build: amd64_build toolchain_build
+test: amd64_test toolchain_test
+
+.PHONY: install_env install_devel install_build install_test
+install_env: amd64_install_env
+install_devel: amd64_install_devel
+install_build: amd64_install_build
+install_test: amd64_install_test
+
+#############
+## VAGRANT ##
+#############
+VMS = freebsd
+
+vms_targets = $(addsuffix _build, $(VMS))
+.PHONY: $(vms_targets)
+$(vms_targets): %_build: vagrant/%/Vagrantfile
+	@cd vagrant/$* && vagrant destroy -f
+	cd vagrant/$* && vagrant up
+
+clean_vms_targets = $(addprefix clean_, $(VMS))
+.PHONY: clean_vms $(clean_vms_targets)
+clean_vms: $(clean_vms_targets)
+$(clean_vms_targets): clean_%:
+	cd vagrant/$* && vagrant destroy -f
+	-rm -rf vagrant/$*/.vagrant
+
+###########
+## CLEAN ##
+###########
+.PHONY: clean
+clean: clean_amd64 clean_toolchain clean_vms
+	docker container prune -f
+	docker image prune -f
+	-rmdir cache
+
+.PHONY: distclean
+distclean: clean
+	-docker container rm -f $$(docker container ls -aq)
+	-docker image rm -f $$(docker image ls -aq)
+	-vagrant box remove -f generic/freebsd12
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/README.md b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d898d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+## Makefile/Docker testing
+To test the build on various distro, we are using docker containers and a Makefile for orchestration.
+
+pros:
+* You are independent of third party CI runner config
+  (e.g. [github action virtual-environnments](https://github.com/actions/virtual-environments)).
+* You can run it locally on your linux system.
+* Most CI provide runners with docker and Makefile installed.
+
+cons:
+* Only GNU/Linux distro supported.
+
+### Usage
+To get the help simply type:
+```sh
+make
+```
+
+note: you can also use from top directory
+```sh
+make --directory=cmake/ci
+```
+
+### Example
+For example to test mips32 inside an container:
+```sh
+make mips32_test
+```
+
+### Docker layers
+Dockerfile is splitted in several stages.
+
+![docker](doc/docker.svg)
+
+
+## Makefile/Vagrant testing
+To test build for FreeBSD we are using Vagrant and VirtualBox box.
+
+This is similar to the docker stuff but use `vagrant` as `docker` cli and
+VirtuaBox to replace the docker engine daemon.
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/doc/docker.dot b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/doc/docker.dot
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a00ef1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/doc/docker.dot
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+@startdot
+digraph DockerDeps {
+  //rankdir=BT;
+  rankdir=TD;
+  node [shape=cylinder, style="rounded,filled", color=black, fillcolor=royalblue];
+  DISTRO_IMG [label="ubuntu:latest"];
+  PKG [label="packages\ne.g. cmake, g++", shape=box3d];
+  SRC [label="git repo", shape=folder];
+  SPL [label="sample", shape=folder];
+
+  subgraph clusterDockerfile {
+    ENV_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_env\nenv"];
+    DEVEL_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_devel\ndevel"];
+    BUILD_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_build\nbuild"];
+    TEST_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_test\ntest"];
+    INSTALL_ENV_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_install_env\ninstall_env"];
+    INSTALL_DEVEL_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_install_devel\ninstall_devel"];
+    INSTALL_BUILD_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_install_build\ninstall_build"];
+    INSTALL_TEST_IMG [label="cpu_features:amd64_install_test\ninstall_test"];
+
+    ENV_IMG -> DEVEL_IMG;
+    DEVEL_IMG -> BUILD_IMG;
+    BUILD_IMG -> TEST_IMG;
+
+    ENV_IMG -> INSTALL_ENV_IMG;
+    BUILD_IMG -> INSTALL_ENV_IMG [label="copy install", style="dashed"];
+    INSTALL_ENV_IMG -> INSTALL_DEVEL_IMG;
+    SPL -> INSTALL_DEVEL_IMG [label="copy", style="dashed"];
+    INSTALL_DEVEL_IMG -> INSTALL_BUILD_IMG;
+    INSTALL_BUILD_IMG -> INSTALL_TEST_IMG;
+
+    color=royalblue;
+    label = "docker/amd64/Dockerfile";
+  }
+  DISTRO_IMG -> ENV_IMG;
+  PKG -> ENV_IMG [label="install", style="dashed"];
+  SRC -> DEVEL_IMG [label="copy", style="dashed"];
+
+  subgraph clusterCache {
+    node [shape=note, style="rounded,filled", color=black, fillcolor=royalblue];
+    ENV_TAR [label="docker_amd64_env.tar"];
+    DEVEL_TAR [label="docker_amd64_devel.tar"];
+    BUILD_TAR [label="docker_amd64_build.tar"];
+    TEST_TAR [label="docker_amd64_test.tar"];
+    INSTALL_ENV_TAR [label="docker_amd64_install_env.tar"];
+    INSTALL_DEVEL_TAR [label="docker_amd64_install_devel.tar"];
+    INSTALL_BUILD_TAR [label="docker_amd64_install_build.tar"];
+    INSTALL_TEST_TAR [label="docker_amd64_install_test.tar"];
+
+    edge [color=red];
+    ENV_IMG -> ENV_TAR [label="make save_amd64_env"];
+    DEVEL_IMG -> DEVEL_TAR [label="make save_amd64_devel"];
+    BUILD_IMG -> BUILD_TAR [label="make save_amd64_build"];
+    TEST_IMG -> TEST_TAR [label="make save_amd64_test"];
+    INSTALL_ENV_IMG -> INSTALL_ENV_TAR [label="make save_amd64_install_env"];
+    INSTALL_DEVEL_IMG -> INSTALL_DEVEL_TAR [label="make save_amd64_install_devel"];
+    INSTALL_BUILD_IMG -> INSTALL_BUILD_TAR [label="make save_amd64_install_build"];
+    INSTALL_TEST_IMG -> INSTALL_TEST_TAR [label="make save_amd64_install_test"];
+
+    color=royalblue;
+    label = "cache/amd64/";
+  }
+}
+@enddot
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+</g>
+<!-- INSTALL_TEST_IMG -->
+<g id="node12" class="node">
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+<path fill="royalblue" stroke="black" d="M948.5,-171.6C948.5,-174.24 893.15,-176.38 825,-176.38 756.85,-176.38 701.5,-174.24 701.5,-171.6 701.5,-171.6 701.5,-128.65 701.5,-128.65 701.5,-126.01 756.85,-123.87 825,-123.87 893.15,-123.87 948.5,-126.01 948.5,-128.65 948.5,-128.65 948.5,-171.6 948.5,-171.6"/>
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diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/doc/generate_image.sh b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/doc/generate_image.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15f1774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/doc/generate_image.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -ex
+
+rm -f ./*.svg ./*.png
+for i in *.dot; do
+  plantuml -Tsvg "$i";
+done
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/docker/amd64/Dockerfile b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/docker/amd64/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cc3270
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/docker/amd64/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Create a virtual environment with all tools installed
+# ref: https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu
+FROM ubuntu:latest AS env
+LABEL maintainer="corentinl@google.com"
+# Install system build dependencies
+ENV PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
+RUN apt-get update -qq \
+&& DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -yq git wget libssl-dev build-essential \
+ ninja-build python3 pkgconf libglib2.0-dev \
+&& apt-get clean \
+&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/bash", "-c"]
+CMD ["/usr/bin/bash"]
+
+# Install CMake 3.21.3
+RUN wget "https://cmake.org/files/v3.21/cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh" \
+&& chmod a+x cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh \
+&& ./cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh --prefix=/usr/local/ --skip-license \
+&& rm cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh
+
+FROM env AS devel
+WORKDIR /home/project
+COPY . .
+
+FROM devel AS build
+RUN cmake -version
+RUN cmake -S. -Bbuild
+RUN cmake --build build --target all -v
+RUN cmake --build build --target install -v
+
+FROM build AS test
+ENV CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE=1
+RUN cmake --build build --target test -v
+
+# Test install rules
+FROM env AS install_env
+COPY --from=build /usr/local /usr/local/
+
+FROM install_env AS install_devel
+WORKDIR /home/sample
+COPY cmake/ci/sample .
+
+FROM install_devel AS install_build
+RUN cmake -S. -Bbuild
+RUN cmake --build build --target all -v
+
+FROM install_build AS install_test
+RUN cmake --build build --target test
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/docker/toolchain/Dockerfile b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/docker/toolchain/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bf25ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/docker/toolchain/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# Create a virtual environment with all tools installed
+# ref: https://hub.docker.com/_/ubuntu
+FROM ubuntu:latest AS env
+LABEL maintainer="corentinl@google.com"
+# Install system build dependencies
+ENV PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
+RUN apt-get update -qq \
+&& DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -yq git wget libssl-dev build-essential \
+ ninja-build python3 pkgconf libglib2.0-dev \
+&& apt-get clean \
+&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/* /var/tmp/*
+ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/bin/bash", "-c"]
+CMD ["/usr/bin/bash"]
+
+# Install CMake 3.21.3
+RUN wget "https://cmake.org/files/v3.21/cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh" \
+&& chmod a+x cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh \
+&& ./cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh --prefix=/usr/local/ --skip-license \
+&& rm cmake-3.21.3-linux-x86_64.sh
+
+FROM env AS devel
+WORKDIR /home/project
+COPY . .
+
+ARG TARGET
+ENV TARGET ${TARGET:-unknown}
+
+FROM devel AS build
+RUN cmake -version
+RUN ./scripts/run_integration.sh build
+
+FROM build AS test
+RUN ./scripts/run_integration.sh qemu
+RUN ./scripts/run_integration.sh test
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/sample/CMakeLists.txt b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/sample/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b60e92f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/sample/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15)
+project(Sample VERSION 1.0.0 LANGUAGES CXX)
+
+include(CTest)
+find_package(CpuFeatures REQUIRED)
+
+add_executable(sample main.cpp)
+target_compile_features(sample PUBLIC cxx_std_11)
+set_target_properties(sample PROPERTIES
+  CXX_STANDARD 11
+  CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON
+  VERSION ${PROJECT_VERSION})
+target_link_libraries(sample PRIVATE CpuFeatures::cpu_features)
+
+if(BUILD_TESTING)
+  add_test(NAME sample_test COMMAND sample)
+endif()
+
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+install(TARGETS sample
+  EXPORT SampleTargets
+  DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BIN_DIR})
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/sample/main.cpp b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/sample/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ec651
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/sample/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#include <iostream>
+
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+
+using namespace cpu_features;
+
+int main(int /*argc*/, char** /*argv*/) {
+  static const X86Features features = GetX86Info().features;
+  std::cout << std::endl;
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/vagrant/freebsd/Vagrantfile b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/vagrant/freebsd/Vagrantfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6234ff6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/ci/vagrant/freebsd/Vagrantfile
@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+# -*- mode: ruby -*-
+# vi: set ft=ruby :
+
+# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
+# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
+# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
+# you're doing.
+Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
+  # The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
+  # For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
+  # https://docs.vagrantup.com.
+
+  # Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
+  # boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
+  config.vm.guest = :freebsd
+  config.vm.box = "generic/freebsd12"
+
+  config.ssh.shell = "sh"
+
+  # Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
+  # boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
+  # `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
+  # config.vm.box_check_update = false
+
+  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
+  # within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
+  # accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
+  # NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
+  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
+
+  # Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
+  # within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
+  # via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
+  # config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
+
+  # Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
+  # using a specific IP.
+  # config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
+
+  # Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
+  # Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
+  # your network.
+  # config.vm.network "public_network"
+
+  # Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
+  # the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
+  # the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
+  # argument is a set of non-required options.
+  #config.vm.synced_folder "../../..", "/home/vagrant/project"
+  config.vm.synced_folder ".", "/vagrant", id: "vagrant-root", disabled: true
+
+  config.vm.provision "file", source: "../../../../CMakeLists.txt", destination: "$HOME/project/"
+  config.vm.provision "file", source: "../../../../cmake", destination: "$HOME/project/"
+  config.vm.provision "file", source: "../../../../include", destination: "$HOME/project/"
+  config.vm.provision "file", source: "../../../../src", destination: "$HOME/project/"
+  config.vm.provision "file", source: "../../../../test", destination: "$HOME/project/"
+
+  # Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
+  # backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
+  # Example for VirtualBox:
+  #
+  # config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
+  #   # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
+  #   vb.gui = true
+  #
+  #   # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
+  #   vb.memory = "1024"
+  # end
+  #
+  # View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
+  # information on available options.
+
+  # Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
+  # Ansible, Chef, Docker, Puppet and Salt are also available. Please see the
+  # documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
+  # note: clang installed by default
+  config.vm.provision "env", type: "shell", inline:<<-SHELL
+  set -x
+  pkg update -f
+  pkg install -y git cmake
+  SHELL
+  config.vm.provision "devel", type: "shell", inline:<<-SHELL
+  set -x
+  cd project
+  ls
+  SHELL
+  config.vm.provision "configure", type: "shell", inline:<<-SHELL
+  set -x
+  cd project
+  cmake -S. -Bbuild -DBUILD_TESTING=ON
+  SHELL
+  config.vm.provision "build", type: "shell", inline:<<-SHELL
+  set -x
+  cd project
+  cmake --build build -v
+  SHELL
+  config.vm.provision "test", type: "shell", inline:<<-SHELL
+  set -x
+  cd project
+  cmake --build build --target test -v
+  SHELL
+  config.vm.provision "test", type: "shell", inline:<<-SHELL
+  set -x
+  cd project
+  cmake --build build --target install -v
+  SHELL
+end
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/cmake/googletest.CMakeLists.txt.in b/external/cpu_features/cmake/googletest.CMakeLists.txt.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8003c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/cmake/googletest.CMakeLists.txt.in
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 2.8.2)
+
+project(googletest-download NONE)
+
+include(ExternalProject)
+ExternalProject_Add(googletest
+  GIT_REPOSITORY    https://github.com/google/googletest.git
+  GIT_TAG           main
+  SOURCE_DIR        "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-src"
+  BINARY_DIR        "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/googletest-build"
+  CONFIGURE_COMMAND ""
+  BUILD_COMMAND     ""
+  INSTALL_COMMAND   ""
+  TEST_COMMAND      ""
+)
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpu_features_cache_info.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpu_features_cache_info.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a61ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpu_features_cache_info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_COMMON_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_COMMON_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef enum {
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_NULL = 0,
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA = 1,
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION = 2,
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED = 3,
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB = 4,
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DTLB = 5,
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB = 6,
+  CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_PREFETCH = 7
+} CacheType;
+
+typedef struct {
+  int level;
+  CacheType cache_type;
+  int cache_size;    // Cache size in bytes
+  int ways;          // Associativity, 0 undefined, 0xFF fully associative
+  int line_size;     // Cache line size in bytes
+  int tlb_entries;   // number of entries for TLB
+  int partitioning;  // number of lines per sector
+} CacheLevelInfo;
+
+// Increase this value if more cache levels are needed.
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL
+#define CPU_FEATURES_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL 10
+#endif
+typedef struct {
+  int size;
+  CacheLevelInfo levels[CPU_FEATURES_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL];
+} CacheInfo;
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_COMMON_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpu_features_macros.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpu_features_macros.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fe7c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpu_features_macros.h
@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPU_FEATURES_MACROS_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPU_FEATURES_MACROS_H_
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Architectures
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if defined(__pnacl__) || defined(__CLR_VER)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_VM
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)) && !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_VM)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86_32
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)) && !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_VM)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86_64
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86_32) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86_64)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM))
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64))
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM))
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ANY_ARM
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__mips64)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS64
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__mips__) && !defined(__mips64)  // mips64 also declares __mips__
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS32
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS32) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS64)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__powerpc__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_PPC
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__s390x__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_S390X
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_xlen) && __riscv_xlen == 32
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV32
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_xlen) && __riscv_xlen == 64
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV64
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_xlen) && __riscv_xlen == 128
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV128
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__loongarch64)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_LOONGARCH
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Os
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if (defined(__freebsd__) || defined(__FreeBSD__))
+#define CPU_FEATURES_OS_FREEBSD
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__ANDROID__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__linux__) && !defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_FREEBSD) && \
+    !defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(_WIN64) || defined(_WIN32))
+#define CPU_FEATURES_OS_WINDOWS
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__apple__) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__MACH__))
+// From https://stackoverflow.com/a/49560690
+#include "TargetConditionals.h"
+#if defined(TARGET_OS_OSX)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_OS_MACOS
+#endif
+#if defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE)
+// This is set for any non-Mac Apple products (IOS, TV, WATCH)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_OS_IPHONE
+#endif
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Compilers
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_CLANG
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_GCC
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_MSC
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Cpp
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE \
+  namespace cpu_features {               \
+  extern "C" {
+#define CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE \
+  }                                    \
+  }
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+#define CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Compiler flags
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Use the following to check if a feature is known to be available at
+// compile time. See README.md for an example.
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+
+#if defined(__AES__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AES 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AES 0
+#endif  //  defined(__AES__)
+
+#if defined(__F16C__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_F16C 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_F16C 0
+#endif  //  defined(__F16C__)
+
+#if defined(__BMI__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_BMI 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_BMI 0
+#endif  //  defined(__BMI__)
+
+#if defined(__BMI2__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_BMI2 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_BMI2 0
+#endif  //  defined(__BMI2__)
+
+#if (defined(__SSE__) || (_M_IX86_FP >= 1))
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE 0
+#endif
+
+#if (defined(__SSE2__) || (_M_IX86_FP >= 2))
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE2 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE2 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__SSE3__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE3 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE3 0
+#endif  //  defined(__SSE3__)
+
+#if defined(__SSSE3__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSSE3 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSSE3 0
+#endif  //  defined(__SSSE3__)
+
+#if defined(__SSE4_1__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE4_1 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE4_1 0
+#endif  //  defined(__SSE4_1__)
+
+#if defined(__SSE4_2__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE4_2 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_SSE4_2 0
+#endif  //  defined(__SSE4_2__)
+
+#if defined(__AVX__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AVX 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AVX 0
+#endif  //  defined(__AVX__)
+
+#if defined(__AVX2__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AVX2 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_X86_AVX2 0
+#endif  //  defined(__AVX2__)
+
+#endif  // defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ANY_ARM)
+#if defined(__ARM_NEON__)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_ANY_ARM_NEON 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_ANY_ARM_NEON 0
+#endif  //  defined(__ARM_NEON__)
+#endif  //  defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ANY_ARM)
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS)
+#if defined(__mips_msa)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_MIPS_MSA 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_MIPS_MSA 0
+#endif  //  defined(__mips_msa)
+#if defined(__mips3d)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_MIPS_MIPS3D 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_MIPS_MIPS3D 0
+#endif
+#endif  //  defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS)
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV)
+#if defined(__riscv_e)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_E 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_E 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_i)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_I 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_I 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_m)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_M 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_M 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_a)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_A 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_A 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_f)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_F 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_F 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_d)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_D 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_D 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_q)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_Q 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_Q 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_c)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_C 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_C 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_v)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_V 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_V 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zba)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBA 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBA 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zbb)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBB 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBB 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zbc)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBC 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBC 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zbs)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBS 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZBS 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zfh)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZFH 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZFH 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zfhmin)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZFHMIN 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZFHMIN 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zknd)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKND 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKND 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zkne)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKNE 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKNE 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zknh)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKNH 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKNH 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zksed)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKSED 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKSED 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zksh)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKSH 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKSH 0
+#endif
+#if defined(__riscv_zkr)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKR 1
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_COMPILED_RISCV_ZKR 0
+#endif
+#endif  //  defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV)
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Utils
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Communicates to the compiler that the block is unreachable
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_CLANG) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_GCC)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_UNREACHABLE() __builtin_unreachable()
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_MSC)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_UNREACHABLE() __assume(0)
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_UNREACHABLE()
+#endif
+
+// Communicates to the compiler that the function is now deprecated
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_CLANG) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_GCC)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_DEPRECATED(message) __attribute__((deprecated(message)))
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_MSC)
+#define CPU_FEATURES_DEPRECATED(message) __declspec(deprecated(message))
+#else
+#define CPU_FEATURES_DEPRECATED(message)
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPU_FEATURES_MACROS_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_aarch64.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_aarch64.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18a3313
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_aarch64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// A note on Windows AArch64 implementation
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Getting cpu info via EL1 system registers is not possible, so we delegate it
+// to the Windows API (i.e., IsProcessorFeaturePresent and GetNativeSystemInfo).
+// The `implementer`, `variant` and `part` fields of the `Aarch64Info` struct
+// are not used, so they are set to 0. To get `revision` we use
+// `wProcessorRevision` from `SYSTEM_INFO`.
+//
+// Cryptographic Extension:
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// According to documentation Arm Architecture Reference Manual for
+// A-profile architecture. A2.3 The Armv8 Cryptographic Extension. The Armv8.0
+// Cryptographic Extension provides instructions for the acceleration of
+// encryption and decryption, and includes the following features: FEAT_AES,
+// FEAT_PMULL, FEAT_SHA1, FEAT_SHA256.
+// see: https://developer.arm.com/documentation/ddi0487/latest
+//
+// We use `PF_ARM_V8_CRYPTO_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE` to detect all Armv8.0 crypto
+// features. This value reports all features or nothing, so even if you only
+// have support FEAT_AES and FEAT_PMULL, it will still return false.
+//
+// From Armv8.2, an implementation of the Armv8.0 Cryptographic Extension can
+// include either or both of:
+//
+// • The AES functionality, including support for multiplication of 64-bit
+//   polynomials. The ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.AES field indicates whether this
+//   functionality is supported.
+// • The SHA1 and SHA2-256 functionality. The ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.{SHA2, SHA1}
+//   fields indicate whether this functionality is supported.
+//
+// ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.AES, bits [7:4]:
+// Indicates support for AES instructions in AArch64 state. Defined values are:
+// - 0b0000 No AES instructions implemented.
+// - 0b0001 AESE, AESD, AESMC, and AESIMC instructions implemented.
+// - 0b0010 As for 0b0001, plus PMULL/PMULL2 instructions operating on 64-bit
+//   data quantities.
+//
+// FEAT_AES implements the functionality identified by the value 0b0001.
+// FEAT_PMULL implements the functionality identified by the value 0b0010.
+// From Armv8, the permitted values are 0b0000 and 0b0010.
+//
+// ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA1, bits [11:8]:
+// Indicates support for SHA1 instructions in AArch64 state. Defined values are:
+// - 0b0000 No SHA1 instructions implemented.
+// - 0b0001 SHA1C, SHA1P, SHA1M, SHA1H, SHA1SU0, and SHA1SU1 instructions
+//   implemented.
+//
+// FEAT_SHA1 implements the functionality identified by the value 0b0001.
+// From Armv8, the permitted values are 0b0000 and 0b0001.
+// If the value of ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA2 is 0b0000, this field must have the
+// value 0b0000.
+//
+// ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA2, bits [15:12]:
+// Indicates support for SHA2 instructions in AArch64 state. Defined values are:
+// - 0b0000 No SHA2 instructions implemented.
+// - 0b0001 Implements instructions: SHA256H, SHA256H2, SHA256SU0, and
+//   SHA256SU1.
+// - 0b0010 Implements instructions:
+//          • SHA256H, SHA256H2, SHA256SU0, and SHA256SU1.
+//          • SHA512H, SHA512H2, SHA512SU0, and SHA512SU1.
+//
+// FEAT_SHA256 implements the functionality identified by the value 0b0001.
+// FEAT_SHA512 implements the functionality identified by the value 0b0010.
+//
+// In Armv8, the permitted values are 0b0000 and 0b0001.
+// From Armv8.2, the permitted values are 0b0000, 0b0001, and 0b0010.
+//
+// If the value of ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA1 is 0b0000, this field must have the
+// value 0b0000.
+//
+// If the value of this field is 0b0010, ID_AA64ISAR0_EL1.SHA3
+// must have the value 0b0001.
+//
+// Other cryptographic features that we cannot detect such as sha512, sha3, sm3,
+// sm4, sveaes, svepmull, svesha3, svesm4 we set to 0.
+//
+// FP/SIMD:
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FP/SIMD must be implemented on all Armv8.0 implementations, but
+// implementations targeting specialized markets may support the following
+// combinations:
+//
+// • No NEON or floating-point.
+// • Full floating-point and SIMD support with exception trapping.
+// • Full floating-point and SIMD support without exception trapping.
+//
+// ref:
+// https://developer.arm.com/documentation/den0024/a/AArch64-Floating-point-and-NEON
+//
+// So, we use `PF_ARM_VFP_32_REGISTERS_AVAILABLE`,
+// `PF_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE` to detect `asimd` and `fp`
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_AARCH64_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_AARCH64_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  int fp : 1;          // Floating-point.
+  int asimd : 1;       // Advanced SIMD.
+  int evtstrm : 1;     // Generic timer generated events.
+  int aes : 1;         // Hardware-accelerated Advanced Encryption Standard.
+  int pmull : 1;       // Polynomial multiply long.
+  int sha1 : 1;        // Hardware-accelerated SHA1.
+  int sha2 : 1;        // Hardware-accelerated SHA2-256.
+  int crc32 : 1;       // Hardware-accelerated CRC-32.
+  int atomics : 1;     // Armv8.1 atomic instructions.
+  int fphp : 1;        // Half-precision floating point support.
+  int asimdhp : 1;     // Advanced SIMD half-precision support.
+  int cpuid : 1;       // Access to certain ID registers.
+  int asimdrdm : 1;    // Rounding Double Multiply Accumulate/Subtract.
+  int jscvt : 1;       // Support for JavaScript conversion.
+  int fcma : 1;        // Floating point complex numbers.
+  int lrcpc : 1;       // Support for weaker release consistency.
+  int dcpop : 1;       // Data persistence writeback.
+  int sha3 : 1;        // Hardware-accelerated SHA3.
+  int sm3 : 1;         // Hardware-accelerated SM3.
+  int sm4 : 1;         // Hardware-accelerated SM4.
+  int asimddp : 1;     // Dot product instruction.
+  int sha512 : 1;      // Hardware-accelerated SHA512.
+  int sve : 1;         // Scalable Vector Extension.
+  int asimdfhm : 1;    // Additional half-precision instructions.
+  int dit : 1;         // Data independent timing.
+  int uscat : 1;       // Unaligned atomics support.
+  int ilrcpc : 1;      // Additional support for weaker release consistency.
+  int flagm : 1;       // Flag manipulation instructions.
+  int ssbs : 1;        // Speculative Store Bypass Safe PSTATE bit.
+  int sb : 1;          // Speculation barrier.
+  int paca : 1;        // Address authentication.
+  int pacg : 1;        // Generic authentication.
+  int dcpodp : 1;      // Data cache clean to point of persistence.
+  int sve2 : 1;        // Scalable Vector Extension (version 2).
+  int sveaes : 1;      // SVE AES instructions.
+  int svepmull : 1;    // SVE polynomial multiply long instructions.
+  int svebitperm : 1;  // SVE bit permute instructions.
+  int svesha3 : 1;     // SVE SHA3 instructions.
+  int svesm4 : 1;      // SVE SM4 instructions.
+  int flagm2 : 1;      // Additional flag manipulation instructions.
+  int frint : 1;       // Floating point to integer rounding.
+  int svei8mm : 1;     // SVE Int8 matrix multiplication instructions.
+  int svef32mm : 1;    // SVE FP32 matrix multiplication instruction.
+  int svef64mm : 1;    // SVE FP64 matrix multiplication instructions.
+  int svebf16 : 1;     // SVE BFloat16 instructions.
+  int i8mm : 1;        // Int8 matrix multiplication instructions.
+  int bf16 : 1;        // BFloat16 instructions.
+  int dgh : 1;         // Data Gathering Hint instruction.
+  int rng : 1;         // True random number generator support.
+  int bti : 1;         // Branch target identification.
+  int mte : 1;         // Memory tagging extension.
+  int ecv : 1;         // Enhanced counter virtualization.
+  int afp : 1;         // Alternate floating-point behaviour.
+  int rpres : 1;       // 12-bit reciprocal (square root) estimate precision.
+  int mte3 : 1;        // MTE asymmetric fault handling.
+  int sme : 1;         // Scalable Matrix Extension.
+  int smei16i64 : 1;   // 16-bit to 64-bit integer widening outer product.
+  int smef64f64 : 1;   // FP64 to FP64 outer product.
+  int smei8i32 : 1;    // 8-bit to 32-bit integer widening outer product.
+  int smef16f32 : 1;   // FP16 to FP32 outer product.
+  int smeb16f32 : 1;   // BFloat16 to FP32 outper product.
+  int smef32f32 : 1;   // FP32 to FP32 outer product.
+  int smefa64 : 1;     // Full A64 support for SME in streaming mode.
+  int wfxt : 1;        // WFE and WFI with timeout.
+  int ebf16 : 1;       // Extended BFloat16 instructions.
+  int sveebf16 : 1;    // SVE BFloat16 instructions.
+  int cssc : 1;        // Common short sequence compression instructions.
+  int rprfm : 1;       // Range Prefetch Memory hint instruction.
+  int sve2p1 : 1;      // Scalable Vector Extension (version 2.1).
+  int sme2 : 1;        // Scalable Matrix Extension (version 2).
+  int sme2p1 : 1;      // Scalable Matrix Extension (version 2.1).
+  int smei16i32 : 1;   // 16-bit to 64-bit integer widening outer product.
+  int smebi32i32 : 1;  // 1-bit binary to 32-bit integer outer product.
+  int smeb16b16 : 1;   // SME2.1 BFloat16 instructions.
+  int smef16f16 : 1;   // FP16 to FP16 outer product.
+
+  // Make sure to update Aarch64FeaturesEnum below if you add a field here.
+} Aarch64Features;
+
+typedef struct {
+  Aarch64Features features;
+  int implementer;  // We set 0 for Windows.
+  int variant;      // We set 0 for Windows.
+  int part;         // We set 0 for Windows.
+  int revision;     // We use GetNativeSystemInfo to get processor revision for
+                    // Windows.
+} Aarch64Info;
+
+Aarch64Info GetAarch64Info(void);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Introspection functions
+
+typedef enum {
+  AARCH64_FP,
+  AARCH64_ASIMD,
+  AARCH64_EVTSTRM,
+  AARCH64_AES,
+  AARCH64_PMULL,
+  AARCH64_SHA1,
+  AARCH64_SHA2,
+  AARCH64_CRC32,
+  AARCH64_ATOMICS,
+  AARCH64_FPHP,
+  AARCH64_ASIMDHP,
+  AARCH64_CPUID,
+  AARCH64_ASIMDRDM,
+  AARCH64_JSCVT,
+  AARCH64_FCMA,
+  AARCH64_LRCPC,
+  AARCH64_DCPOP,
+  AARCH64_SHA3,
+  AARCH64_SM3,
+  AARCH64_SM4,
+  AARCH64_ASIMDDP,
+  AARCH64_SHA512,
+  AARCH64_SVE,
+  AARCH64_ASIMDFHM,
+  AARCH64_DIT,
+  AARCH64_USCAT,
+  AARCH64_ILRCPC,
+  AARCH64_FLAGM,
+  AARCH64_SSBS,
+  AARCH64_SB,
+  AARCH64_PACA,
+  AARCH64_PACG,
+  AARCH64_DCPODP,
+  AARCH64_SVE2,
+  AARCH64_SVEAES,
+  AARCH64_SVEPMULL,
+  AARCH64_SVEBITPERM,
+  AARCH64_SVESHA3,
+  AARCH64_SVESM4,
+  AARCH64_FLAGM2,
+  AARCH64_FRINT,
+  AARCH64_SVEI8MM,
+  AARCH64_SVEF32MM,
+  AARCH64_SVEF64MM,
+  AARCH64_SVEBF16,
+  AARCH64_I8MM,
+  AARCH64_BF16,
+  AARCH64_DGH,
+  AARCH64_RNG,
+  AARCH64_BTI,
+  AARCH64_MTE,
+  AARCH64_ECV,
+  AARCH64_AFP,
+  AARCH64_RPRES,
+  AARCH64_MTE3,
+  AARCH64_SME,
+  AARCH64_SME_I16I64,
+  AARCH64_SME_F64F64,
+  AARCH64_SME_I8I32,
+  AARCH64_SME_F16F32,
+  AARCH64_SME_B16F32,
+  AARCH64_SME_F32F32,
+  AARCH64_SME_FA64,
+  AARCH64_WFXT,
+  AARCH64_EBF16,
+  AARCH64_SVE_EBF16,
+  AARCH64_CSSC,
+  AARCH64_RPRFM,
+  AARCH64_SVE2P1,
+  AARCH64_SME2,
+  AARCH64_SME2P1,
+  AARCH64_SME_I16I32,
+  AARCH64_SME_BI32I32,
+  AARCH64_SME_B16B16,
+  AARCH64_SME_F16F16,
+  AARCH64_LAST_,
+} Aarch64FeaturesEnum;
+
+int GetAarch64FeaturesEnumValue(const Aarch64Features* features,
+                                Aarch64FeaturesEnum value);
+
+const char* GetAarch64FeaturesEnumName(Aarch64FeaturesEnum);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_aarch64.h from a non-aarch64 target."
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_AARCH64_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_arm.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_arm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0952d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_arm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_ARM_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_ARM_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>  // uint32_t
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  int swp : 1;       // SWP instruction (atomic read-modify-write)
+  int half : 1;      // Half-word loads and stores
+  int thumb : 1;     // Thumb (16-bit instruction set)
+  int _26bit : 1;    // "26 Bit" Model (Processor status register folded into
+                     // program counter)
+  int fastmult : 1;  // 32x32->64-bit multiplication
+  int fpa : 1;       // Floating point accelerator
+  int vfp : 1;       // Vector Floating Point.
+  int edsp : 1;     // DSP extensions (the 'e' variant of the ARM9 CPUs, and all
+                    // others above)
+  int java : 1;     // Jazelle (Java bytecode accelerator)
+  int iwmmxt : 1;   // Intel Wireless MMX Technology.
+  int crunch : 1;   // MaverickCrunch coprocessor
+  int thumbee : 1;  // ThumbEE
+  int neon : 1;     // Advanced SIMD.
+  int vfpv3 : 1;    // VFP version 3
+  int vfpv3d16 : 1;  // VFP version 3 with 16 D-registers
+  int tls : 1;       // TLS register
+  int vfpv4 : 1;     // VFP version 4 with fast context switching
+  int idiva : 1;     // SDIV and UDIV hardware division in ARM mode.
+  int idivt : 1;     // SDIV and UDIV hardware division in Thumb mode.
+  int vfpd32 : 1;    // VFP with 32 D-registers
+  int lpae : 1;     // Large Physical Address Extension (>4GB physical memory on
+                    // 32-bit architecture)
+  int evtstrm : 1;  // kernel event stream using generic architected timer
+  int aes : 1;      // Hardware-accelerated Advanced Encryption Standard.
+  int pmull : 1;    // Polynomial multiply long.
+  int sha1 : 1;     // Hardware-accelerated SHA1.
+  int sha2 : 1;     // Hardware-accelerated SHA2-256.
+  int crc32 : 1;    // Hardware-accelerated CRC-32.
+
+  // Make sure to update ArmFeaturesEnum below if you add a field here.
+} ArmFeatures;
+
+typedef struct {
+  ArmFeatures features;
+  int implementer;
+  int architecture;
+  int variant;
+  int part;
+  int revision;
+} ArmInfo;
+
+// TODO(user): Add macros to know which features are present at compile
+// time.
+
+ArmInfo GetArmInfo(void);
+
+// Compute CpuId from ArmInfo.
+uint32_t GetArmCpuId(const ArmInfo* const info);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Introspection functions
+
+typedef enum {
+  ARM_SWP,
+  ARM_HALF,
+  ARM_THUMB,
+  ARM_26BIT,
+  ARM_FASTMULT,
+  ARM_FPA,
+  ARM_VFP,
+  ARM_EDSP,
+  ARM_JAVA,
+  ARM_IWMMXT,
+  ARM_CRUNCH,
+  ARM_THUMBEE,
+  ARM_NEON,
+  ARM_VFPV3,
+  ARM_VFPV3D16,
+  ARM_TLS,
+  ARM_VFPV4,
+  ARM_IDIVA,
+  ARM_IDIVT,
+  ARM_VFPD32,
+  ARM_LPAE,
+  ARM_EVTSTRM,
+  ARM_AES,
+  ARM_PMULL,
+  ARM_SHA1,
+  ARM_SHA2,
+  ARM_CRC32,
+  ARM_LAST_,
+} ArmFeaturesEnum;
+
+int GetArmFeaturesEnumValue(const ArmFeatures* features, ArmFeaturesEnum value);
+
+const char* GetArmFeaturesEnumName(ArmFeaturesEnum);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_arm.h from a non-arm target."
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_ARM_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_loongarch.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_loongarch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d166223
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_loongarch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_LOONGARCH_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_LOONGARCH_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_LOONGARCH)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_loongarch.h from a non-loongarch target."
+#endif
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  // Base
+  int CPUCFG : 1;    // Instruction for Identify CPU Features 
+
+  // Extension
+  int LAM : 1;       // Extension for Atomic Memory Access Instructions
+  int UAL : 1;       // Extension for Non-Aligned Memory Access
+  int FPU : 1;       // Extension for Basic Floating-Point Instructions
+  int LSX : 1;       // Extension for Loongson SIMD eXtension
+  int LASX : 1;      // Extension for Loongson Advanced SIMD eXtension
+  int CRC32 : 1;     // Extension for Cyclic Redundancy Check Instructions
+  int COMPLEX : 1;   // Extension for Complex Vector Operation Instructions
+  int CRYPTO : 1;    // Extension for Encryption And Decryption Vector Instructions
+  int LVZ : 1;       // Extension for Virtualization
+  int LBT_X86 : 1;   // Extension for X86 Binary Translation Extension
+  int LBT_ARM : 1;   // Extension for ARM Binary Translation Extension
+  int LBT_MIPS : 1;  // Extension for MIPS Binary Translation Extension
+  int PTW : 1;       // Extension for Page Table Walker
+
+} LoongArchFeatures;
+
+typedef struct {
+  LoongArchFeatures features;
+} LoongArchInfo;
+
+typedef enum {
+  LOONGARCH_CPUCFG,
+  LOONGARCH_LAM,
+  LOONGARCH_UAL,
+  LOONGARCH_FPU,
+  LOONGARCH_LSX,
+  LOONGARCH_LASX,
+  LOONGARCH_CRC32,
+  LOONGARCH_COMPLEX,
+  LOONGARCH_CRYPTO,
+  LOONGARCH_LVZ,
+  LOONGARCH_LBT_X86,
+  LOONGARCH_LBT_ARM,
+  LOONGARCH_LBT_MIPS,
+  LOONGARCH_PTW,
+  LOONGARCH_LAST_,
+} LoongArchFeaturesEnum;
+
+LoongArchInfo GetLoongArchInfo(void);
+int GetLoongArchFeaturesEnumValue(const LoongArchFeatures* features,
+                              LoongArchFeaturesEnum value);
+const char* GetLoongArchFeaturesEnumName(LoongArchFeaturesEnum);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_LOONGARCH_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_mips.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_mips.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..321d3c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_mips.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_MIPS_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_MIPS_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  int msa : 1;    // MIPS SIMD Architecture
+                  // https://www.mips.com/products/architectures/ase/simd/
+  int eva : 1;    // Enhanced Virtual Addressing
+                  // https://www.mips.com/products/architectures/mips64/
+  int r6 : 1;     // True if is release 6 of the processor.
+  int mips16 : 1; // Compressed instructions
+  int mdmx : 1;   // MIPS Digital Media Extension
+  int mips3d : 1; // 3D graphics acceleration
+                  // MIPS(r) Architecture for Programmers, Volume IV-c
+  int smart : 1;  // Smart-card cryptography
+                  // MIPS(r) Architecture for Programmers, Volume IV-d
+  int dsp : 1;    // Digital Signal Processing
+                  // MIPS(r) Architecture for Programmers, Volume IV-e
+                  // https://www.mips.com/products/architectures/ase/dsp/
+
+  // Make sure to update MipsFeaturesEnum below if you add a field here.
+} MipsFeatures;
+
+typedef struct {
+  MipsFeatures features;
+} MipsInfo;
+
+MipsInfo GetMipsInfo(void);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Introspection functions
+
+typedef enum {
+  MIPS_MSA,
+  MIPS_EVA,
+  MIPS_R6,
+  MIPS_MIPS16,
+  MIPS_MDMX,
+  MIPS_MIPS3D,
+  MIPS_SMART,
+  MIPS_DSP,
+  MIPS_LAST_,
+} MipsFeaturesEnum;
+
+int GetMipsFeaturesEnumValue(const MipsFeatures* features,
+                             MipsFeaturesEnum value);
+
+const char* GetMipsFeaturesEnumName(MipsFeaturesEnum);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_mips.h from a non-mips target."
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_MIPS_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_ppc.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_ppc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da3e696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_ppc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+// Copyright 2018 IBM
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_PPC_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_PPC_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  int ppc32 : 1;
+  int ppc64 : 1;
+  int ppc601 : 1;
+  int altivec : 1;
+  int fpu : 1;
+  int mmu : 1;
+  int mac_4xx : 1;
+  int unifiedcache : 1;
+  int spe : 1;
+  int efpsingle : 1;
+  int efpdouble : 1;
+  int no_tb : 1;
+  int power4 : 1;
+  int power5 : 1;
+  int power5plus : 1;
+  int cell : 1;
+  int booke : 1;
+  int smt : 1;
+  int icachesnoop : 1;
+  int arch205 : 1;
+  int pa6t : 1;
+  int dfp : 1;
+  int power6ext : 1;
+  int arch206 : 1;
+  int vsx : 1;
+  int pseries_perfmon_compat : 1;
+  int truele : 1;
+  int ppcle : 1;
+  int arch207 : 1;
+  int htm : 1;
+  int dscr : 1;
+  int ebb : 1;
+  int isel : 1;
+  int tar : 1;
+  int vcrypto : 1;
+  int htm_nosc : 1;
+  int arch300 : 1;
+  int ieee128 : 1;
+  int darn : 1;
+  int scv : 1;
+  int htm_no_suspend : 1;
+
+  // Make sure to update PPCFeaturesEnum below if you add a field here.
+} PPCFeatures;
+
+typedef struct {
+  PPCFeatures features;
+} PPCInfo;
+
+PPCInfo GetPPCInfo(void);
+
+typedef struct {
+  char platform[64];       // 0 terminated string
+  char base_platform[64];  // 0 terminated string
+} PPCPlatformTypeStrings;
+
+typedef struct {
+  char platform[64];  // 0 terminated string
+  char model[64];     // 0 terminated string
+  char machine[64];   // 0 terminated string
+  char cpu[64];       // 0 terminated string
+  PPCPlatformTypeStrings type;
+} PPCPlatformStrings;
+
+PPCPlatformStrings GetPPCPlatformStrings(void);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Introspection functions
+
+typedef enum {
+  PPC_32,          /* 32 bit mode execution */
+  PPC_64,          /* 64 bit mode execution */
+  PPC_601_INSTR,   /* Old POWER ISA */
+  PPC_HAS_ALTIVEC, /* SIMD Unit*/
+  PPC_HAS_FPU,     /* Floating Point Unit */
+  PPC_HAS_MMU,     /* Memory management unit */
+  PPC_HAS_4xxMAC,
+  PPC_UNIFIED_CACHE,  /* Unified instruction and data cache */
+  PPC_HAS_SPE,        /* Signal processing extention unit */
+  PPC_HAS_EFP_SINGLE, /* SPE single precision fpu */
+  PPC_HAS_EFP_DOUBLE, /* SPE double precision fpu */
+  PPC_NO_TB,          /* No timebase */
+  PPC_POWER4,
+  PPC_POWER5,
+  PPC_POWER5_PLUS,
+  PPC_CELL,  /* Cell broadband engine */
+  PPC_BOOKE, /* Embedded ISA */
+  PPC_SMT,   /* Simultaneous multi-threading */
+  PPC_ICACHE_SNOOP,
+  PPC_ARCH_2_05, /* ISA 2.05 - POWER6 */
+  PPC_PA6T,      /* PA Semi 6T core ISA */
+  PPC_HAS_DFP,   /* Decimal floating point unit */
+  PPC_POWER6_EXT,
+  PPC_ARCH_2_06,              /* ISA 2.06 - POWER7 */
+  PPC_HAS_VSX,                /* Vector-scalar extension */
+  PPC_PSERIES_PERFMON_COMPAT, /* Set of backwards compatibile performance
+                                 monitoring events */
+  PPC_TRUE_LE,
+  PPC_PPC_LE,
+  PPC_ARCH_2_07,      /* ISA 2.07 - POWER8 */
+  PPC_HTM,            /* Hardware Transactional Memory */
+  PPC_DSCR,           /* Data stream control register */
+  PPC_EBB,            /* Event base branching */
+  PPC_ISEL,           /* Integer select instructions */
+  PPC_TAR,            /* Target address register */
+  PPC_VEC_CRYPTO,     /* Vector cryptography instructions */
+  PPC_HTM_NOSC,       /* Transactions aborted when syscall made*/
+  PPC_ARCH_3_00,      /* ISA 3.00 - POWER9 */
+  PPC_HAS_IEEE128,    /* VSX IEEE Binary Float 128-bit */
+  PPC_DARN,           /* Deliver a random number instruction */
+  PPC_SCV,            /* scv syscall */
+  PPC_HTM_NO_SUSPEND, /* TM w/out suspended state */
+  PPC_LAST_,
+} PPCFeaturesEnum;
+
+int GetPPCFeaturesEnumValue(const PPCFeatures* features, PPCFeaturesEnum value);
+
+const char* GetPPCFeaturesEnumName(PPCFeaturesEnum);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_PPC)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_ppc.h from a non-ppc target."
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_PPC_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_riscv.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_riscv.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fa7aa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_riscv.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_RISCV_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_RISCV_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_riscv.h from a non-riscv target."
+#endif
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  // Base
+  int RV32I : 1;  // Base Integer Instruction Set, 32-bit
+  int RV64I : 1;  // Base Integer Instruction Set, 64-bit
+
+  // Extension
+  int M : 1;         // Standard Extension for Integer Multiplication/Division
+  int A : 1;         // Standard Extension for Atomic Instructions
+  int F : 1;         // Standard Extension for Single-Precision Floating-Point
+  int D : 1;         // Standard Extension for Double-Precision Floating-Point
+  int Q : 1;         // Standard Extension for Quad-Precision Floating-Point
+  int C : 1;         // Standard Extension for Compressed Instructions
+  int V : 1;         // Standard Extension for Vector Instructions
+  int Zicsr : 1;     // Control and Status Register (CSR)
+  int Zifencei : 1;  // Instruction-Fetch Fence
+} RiscvFeatures;
+
+typedef struct {
+  RiscvFeatures features;
+  char uarch[64];   // 0 terminated string
+  char vendor[64];  // 0 terminated string
+} RiscvInfo;
+
+typedef enum {
+  RISCV_RV32I,
+  RISCV_RV64I,
+  RISCV_M,
+  RISCV_A,
+  RISCV_F,
+  RISCV_D,
+  RISCV_Q,
+  RISCV_C,
+  RISCV_V,
+  RISCV_Zicsr,
+  RISCV_Zifencei,
+  RISCV_LAST_,
+} RiscvFeaturesEnum;
+
+RiscvInfo GetRiscvInfo(void);
+int GetRiscvFeaturesEnumValue(const RiscvFeatures* features,
+                              RiscvFeaturesEnum value);
+const char* GetRiscvFeaturesEnumName(RiscvFeaturesEnum);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_RISCV_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_s390x.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_s390x.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48864de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_s390x.h
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+// Copyright 2022 IBM
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_S390X_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_S390X_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  int esan3: 1;     // instructions named N3, "backported" to esa-mode
+  int zarch: 1;     // z/Architecture mode active
+  int stfle: 1;     // store-facility-list-extended
+  int msa: 1;       // message-security assist
+  int ldisp: 1;     // long-displacement
+  int eimm: 1;      // extended-immediate
+  int dfp: 1;       // decimal floating point & perform floating point operation
+  int edat: 1;      // huge page support
+  int etf3eh: 1;    // extended-translation facility 3 enhancement
+  int highgprs: 1;  // 64-bit register support for 31-bit processes
+  int te: 1;        // transactional execution
+  int vx: 1;        // vector extension facility
+  int vxd: 1;       // vector-packed-decimal facility
+  int vxe: 1;       // vector-enhancement facility 1
+  int gs: 1;        // guarded-storage facility
+  int vxe2: 1;      // vector-enhancements facility 2
+  int vxp: 1;       // vector-packed-decimal-enhancement facility
+  int sort: 1;      // enhanced-sort facility
+  int dflt: 1;      // deflate-conversion facility
+  int vxp2: 1;      // vector-packed-decimal-enhancement facility 2
+  int nnpa: 1;      // neural network processing assist facility
+  int pcimio: 1;    // PCI mio facility
+  int sie: 1;       // virtualization support
+
+  // Make sure to update S390XFeaturesEnum below if you add a field here.
+} S390XFeatures;
+
+typedef struct {
+  S390XFeatures features;
+} S390XInfo;
+
+S390XInfo GetS390XInfo(void);
+
+typedef struct {
+  char platform[64];       // 0 terminated string
+} S390XPlatformTypeStrings;
+
+typedef struct {
+  int num_processors;      // -1 if N/A
+  S390XPlatformTypeStrings type;
+} S390XPlatformStrings;
+
+S390XPlatformStrings GetS390XPlatformStrings(void);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Introspection functions
+
+typedef enum {
+  S390_ESAN3,
+  S390_ZARCH,
+  S390_STFLE,
+  S390_MSA,
+  S390_LDISP,
+  S390_EIMM,
+  S390_DFP,
+  S390_EDAT,
+  S390_ETF3EH,
+  S390_HIGHGPRS,
+  S390_TE,
+  S390_VX,
+  S390_VXD,
+  S390_VXE,
+  S390_GS,
+  S390_VXE2,
+  S390_VXP,
+  S390_SORT,
+  S390_DFLT,
+  S390_VXP2,
+  S390_NNPA,
+  S390_PCIMIO,
+  S390_SIE,
+  S390X_LAST_,
+} S390XFeaturesEnum;
+
+int GetS390XFeaturesEnumValue(const S390XFeatures* features, S390XFeaturesEnum value);
+
+const char* GetS390XFeaturesEnumName(S390XFeaturesEnum);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_S390X)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_s390x.h from a non-s390x target."
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_S390X_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_x86.h b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_x86.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..796d3f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/cpuinfo_x86.h
@@ -0,0 +1,295 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+// Copyright 2020 Intel Corporation
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_X86_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_X86_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_cache_info.h"
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+// CPUID Vendors
+#define CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_GENUINE_INTEL "GenuineIntel"
+#define CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_AUTHENTIC_AMD "AuthenticAMD"
+#define CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_HYGON_GENUINE "HygonGenuine"
+#define CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_CENTAUR_HAULS "CentaurHauls"
+#define CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_SHANGHAI "  Shanghai  "
+
+// See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID for a list of x86 cpu features.
+// The field names are based on the short name provided in the wikipedia tables.
+typedef struct {
+  int fpu : 1;
+  int tsc : 1;
+  int cx8 : 1;
+  int clfsh : 1;
+  int mmx : 1;
+  int aes : 1;
+  int erms : 1;
+  int f16c : 1;
+  int fma4 : 1;
+  int fma3 : 1;
+  int vaes : 1;
+  int vpclmulqdq : 1;
+  int bmi1 : 1;
+  int hle : 1;
+  int bmi2 : 1;
+  int rtm : 1;
+  int rdseed : 1;
+  int clflushopt : 1;
+  int clwb : 1;
+
+  int sse : 1;
+  int sse2 : 1;
+  int sse3 : 1;
+  int ssse3 : 1;
+  int sse4_1 : 1;
+  int sse4_2 : 1;
+  int sse4a : 1;
+
+  int avx : 1;
+  int avx_vnni : 1;
+  int avx2 : 1;
+
+  int avx512f : 1;
+  int avx512cd : 1;
+  int avx512er : 1;
+  int avx512pf : 1;
+  int avx512bw : 1;
+  int avx512dq : 1;
+  int avx512vl : 1;
+  int avx512ifma : 1;
+  int avx512vbmi : 1;
+  int avx512vbmi2 : 1;
+  int avx512vnni : 1;
+  int avx512bitalg : 1;
+  int avx512vpopcntdq : 1;
+  int avx512_4vnniw : 1;
+  int avx512_4vbmi2 : 1;  // Note: this is an alias to avx512_4fmaps.
+  int avx512_second_fma : 1;
+  int avx512_4fmaps : 1;
+  int avx512_bf16 : 1;
+  int avx512_vp2intersect : 1;
+  int avx512_fp16 : 1;
+  int amx_bf16 : 1;
+  int amx_tile : 1;
+  int amx_int8 : 1;
+  int amx_fp16 : 1;
+
+  int pclmulqdq : 1;
+  int smx : 1;
+  int sgx : 1;
+  int cx16 : 1;  // aka. CMPXCHG16B
+  int sha : 1;
+  int popcnt : 1;
+  int movbe : 1;
+  int rdrnd : 1;
+
+  int dca : 1;
+  int ss : 1;
+  int adx : 1;
+  int lzcnt : 1;  // Note: this flag is called ABM for AMD, LZCNT for Intel.
+  int gfni : 1;
+  int movdiri : 1;
+  int movdir64b : 1;
+  int fs_rep_mov : 1;          // Fast short REP MOV
+  int fz_rep_movsb : 1;        // Fast zero-length REP MOVSB
+  int fs_rep_stosb : 1;        // Fast short REP STOSB
+  int fs_rep_cmpsb_scasb : 1;  // Fast short REP CMPSB/SCASB
+
+  int lam: 1; // Intel Linear Address Mask
+  int uai: 1; // AMD Upper Address Ignore
+  // Make sure to update X86FeaturesEnum below if you add a field here.
+} X86Features;
+
+typedef struct {
+  X86Features features;
+  int family;
+  int model;
+  int stepping;
+  char vendor[13];        // 0 terminated string
+  char brand_string[49];  // 0 terminated string
+} X86Info;
+
+// Calls cpuid and returns an initialized X86info.
+X86Info GetX86Info(void);
+
+// Returns cache hierarchy informations.
+// Can call cpuid multiple times.
+CacheInfo GetX86CacheInfo(void);
+
+typedef enum {
+  X86_UNKNOWN,
+  ZHAOXIN_ZHANGJIANG,   // ZhangJiang
+  ZHAOXIN_WUDAOKOU,     // WuDaoKou
+  ZHAOXIN_LUJIAZUI,     // LuJiaZui
+  ZHAOXIN_YONGFENG,     // YongFeng
+  INTEL_80486,          // 80486
+  INTEL_P5,             // P5
+  INTEL_LAKEMONT,       // LAKEMONT
+  INTEL_CORE,           // CORE
+  INTEL_PNR,            // PENRYN
+  INTEL_NHM,            // NEHALEM
+  INTEL_ATOM_BNL,       // BONNELL
+  INTEL_WSM,            // WESTMERE
+  INTEL_SNB,            // SANDYBRIDGE
+  INTEL_IVB,            // IVYBRIDGE
+  INTEL_ATOM_SMT,       // SILVERMONT
+  INTEL_HSW,            // HASWELL
+  INTEL_BDW,            // BROADWELL
+  INTEL_SKL,            // SKYLAKE
+  INTEL_CCL,            // CASCADELAKE
+  INTEL_ATOM_GMT,       // GOLDMONT
+  INTEL_ATOM_GMT_PLUS,  // GOLDMONT+
+  INTEL_ATOM_TMT,       // TREMONT
+  INTEL_KBL,            // KABY LAKE
+  INTEL_CFL,            // COFFEE LAKE
+  INTEL_WHL,            // WHISKEY LAKE
+  INTEL_CML,            // COMET LAKE
+  INTEL_CNL,            // CANNON LAKE
+  INTEL_ICL,            // ICE LAKE
+  INTEL_TGL,            // TIGER LAKE
+  INTEL_SPR,            // SAPPHIRE RAPIDS
+  INTEL_ADL,            // ALDER LAKE
+  INTEL_RCL,            // ROCKET LAKE
+  INTEL_RPL,            // RAPTOR LAKE
+  INTEL_KNIGHTS_M,      // KNIGHTS MILL
+  INTEL_KNIGHTS_L,      // KNIGHTS LANDING
+  INTEL_KNIGHTS_F,      // KNIGHTS FERRY
+  INTEL_KNIGHTS_C,      // KNIGHTS CORNER
+  INTEL_NETBURST,       // NETBURST
+  AMD_HAMMER,           // K8  HAMMER
+  AMD_K10,              // K10
+  AMD_K11,              // K11
+  AMD_K12,              // K12 LLANO
+  AMD_BOBCAT,           // K14 BOBCAT
+  AMD_PILEDRIVER,       // K15 PILEDRIVER
+  AMD_STREAMROLLER,     // K15 STREAMROLLER
+  AMD_EXCAVATOR,        // K15 EXCAVATOR
+  AMD_BULLDOZER,        // K15 BULLDOZER
+  AMD_JAGUAR,           // K16 JAGUAR
+  AMD_PUMA,             // K16 PUMA
+  AMD_ZEN,              // K17 ZEN
+  AMD_ZEN_PLUS,         // K17 ZEN+
+  AMD_ZEN2,             // K17 ZEN 2
+  AMD_ZEN3,             // K19 ZEN 3
+  AMD_ZEN4,             // K19 ZEN 4
+  X86_MICROARCHITECTURE_LAST_,
+} X86Microarchitecture;
+
+// Returns the underlying microarchitecture by looking at X86Info's vendor,
+// family and model.
+X86Microarchitecture GetX86Microarchitecture(const X86Info* info);
+
+// Calls cpuid and fills the brand_string.
+// - brand_string *must* be of size 49 (beware of array decaying).
+// - brand_string will be zero terminated.
+CPU_FEATURES_DEPRECATED("brand_string is now embedded in X86Info by default")
+void FillX86BrandString(char brand_string[49]);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Introspection functions
+
+typedef enum {
+  X86_FPU,
+  X86_TSC,
+  X86_CX8,
+  X86_CLFSH,
+  X86_MMX,
+  X86_AES,
+  X86_ERMS,
+  X86_F16C,
+  X86_FMA4,
+  X86_FMA3,
+  X86_VAES,
+  X86_VPCLMULQDQ,
+  X86_BMI1,
+  X86_HLE,
+  X86_BMI2,
+  X86_RTM,
+  X86_RDSEED,
+  X86_CLFLUSHOPT,
+  X86_CLWB,
+  X86_SSE,
+  X86_SSE2,
+  X86_SSE3,
+  X86_SSSE3,
+  X86_SSE4_1,
+  X86_SSE4_2,
+  X86_SSE4A,
+  X86_AVX,
+  X86_AVX_VNNI,
+  X86_AVX2,
+  X86_AVX512F,
+  X86_AVX512CD,
+  X86_AVX512ER,
+  X86_AVX512PF,
+  X86_AVX512BW,
+  X86_AVX512DQ,
+  X86_AVX512VL,
+  X86_AVX512IFMA,
+  X86_AVX512VBMI,
+  X86_AVX512VBMI2,
+  X86_AVX512VNNI,
+  X86_AVX512BITALG,
+  X86_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ,
+  X86_AVX512_4VNNIW,
+  X86_AVX512_4VBMI2,  // Note: this is an alias to X86_AVX512_4FMAPS.
+  X86_AVX512_SECOND_FMA,
+  X86_AVX512_4FMAPS,
+  X86_AVX512_BF16,
+  X86_AVX512_VP2INTERSECT,
+  X86_AVX512_FP16,
+  X86_AMX_BF16,
+  X86_AMX_TILE,
+  X86_AMX_INT8,
+  X86_AMX_FP16,
+  X86_PCLMULQDQ,
+  X86_SMX,
+  X86_SGX,
+  X86_CX16,
+  X86_SHA,
+  X86_POPCNT,
+  X86_MOVBE,
+  X86_RDRND,
+  X86_DCA,
+  X86_SS,
+  X86_ADX,
+  X86_LZCNT,
+  X86_GFNI,
+  X86_MOVDIRI,
+  X86_MOVDIR64B,
+  X86_FS_REP_MOV,
+  X86_FZ_REP_MOVSB,
+  X86_FS_REP_STOSB,
+  X86_FS_REP_CMPSB_SCASB,
+  X86_LAM,
+  X86_UAI,
+  X86_LAST_,
+} X86FeaturesEnum;
+
+int GetX86FeaturesEnumValue(const X86Features* features, X86FeaturesEnum value);
+
+const char* GetX86FeaturesEnumName(X86FeaturesEnum);
+
+const char* GetX86MicroarchitectureName(X86Microarchitecture);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+#error "Including cpuinfo_x86.h from a non-x86 target."
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_CPUINFO_X86_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/internal/bit_utils.h b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/bit_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3467ff9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/bit_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_BIT_UTILS_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_BIT_UTILS_H_
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+inline static bool IsBitSet(uint32_t reg, uint32_t bit) {
+  return (reg >> bit) & 0x1;
+}
+
+inline static uint32_t ExtractBitRange(uint32_t reg, uint32_t msb,
+                                       uint32_t lsb) {
+  const uint64_t bits = msb - lsb + 1ULL;
+  const uint64_t mask = (1ULL << bits) - 1ULL;
+  assert(msb >= lsb);
+  return (reg >> lsb) & mask;
+}
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_BIT_UTILS_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/internal/cpuid_x86.h b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/cpuid_x86.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33327a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/cpuid_x86.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_CPUID_X86_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_CPUID_X86_H_
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+// A struct to hold the result of a call to cpuid.
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
+} Leaf;
+
+// Returns the result of a call to the cpuid instruction.
+Leaf GetCpuidLeaf(uint32_t leaf_id, int ecx);
+
+// Returns the eax value of the XCR0 register.
+uint32_t GetXCR0Eax(void);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_CPUID_X86_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/internal/filesystem.h b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/filesystem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8f2f6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/filesystem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// An interface for the filesystem that allows mocking the filesystem in
+// unittests.
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_FILESYSTEM_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_FILESYSTEM_H_
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+// Same as linux "open(filename, O_RDONLY)", retries automatically on EINTR.
+int CpuFeatures_OpenFile(const char* filename);
+
+// Same as linux "read(file_descriptor, buffer, buffer_size)", retries
+// automatically on EINTR.
+int CpuFeatures_ReadFile(int file_descriptor, void* buffer, size_t buffer_size);
+
+// Same as linux "close(file_descriptor)".
+void CpuFeatures_CloseFile(int file_descriptor);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_FILESYSTEM_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/internal/hwcaps.h b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/hwcaps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59e1657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/hwcaps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Interface to retrieve hardware capabilities. It relies on Linux's getauxval
+// or `/proc/self/auxval` under the hood.
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_HWCAPS_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_HWCAPS_H_
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+// To avoid depending on the linux kernel we reproduce the architecture specific
+// constants here.
+
+// http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/latest/source/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_FP (1UL << 0)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMD (1UL << 1)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_EVTSTRM (1UL << 2)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_AES (1UL << 3)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_PMULL (1UL << 4)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA1 (1UL << 5)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA2 (1UL << 6)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_CRC32 (1UL << 7)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_ATOMICS (1UL << 8)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_FPHP (1UL << 9)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDHP (1UL << 10)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_CPUID (1UL << 11)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDRDM (1UL << 12)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_JSCVT (1UL << 13)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_FCMA (1UL << 14)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_LRCPC (1UL << 15)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_DCPOP (1UL << 16)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA3 (1UL << 17)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SM3 (1UL << 18)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SM4 (1UL << 19)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDDP (1UL << 20)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA512 (1UL << 21)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SVE (1UL << 22)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDFHM (1UL << 23)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_DIT (1UL << 24)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_USCAT (1UL << 25)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_ILRCPC (1UL << 26)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_FLAGM (1UL << 27)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SSBS (1UL << 28)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_SB (1UL << 29)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_PACA (1UL << 30)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP_PACG (1UL << 31)
+
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_DCPODP (1UL << 0)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVE2 (1UL << 1)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEAES (1UL << 2)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEPMULL (1UL << 3)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEBITPERM (1UL << 4)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVESHA3 (1UL << 5)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVESM4 (1UL << 6)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_FLAGM2 (1UL << 7)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_FRINT (1UL << 8)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEI8MM (1UL << 9)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEF32MM (1UL << 10)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEF64MM (1UL << 11)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEBF16 (1UL << 12)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_I8MM (1UL << 13)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_BF16 (1UL << 14)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_DGH (1UL << 15)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_RNG (1UL << 16)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_BTI (1UL << 17)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_MTE (1UL << 18)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_ECV (1UL << 19)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_AFP (1UL << 20)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_RPRES (1UL << 21)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_MTE3 (1UL << 22)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME (1UL << 23)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_I16I64 (1UL << 24)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F64F64 (1UL << 25)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_I8I32 (1UL << 26)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F16F32 (1UL << 27)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_B16F32 (1UL << 28)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F32F32 (1UL << 29)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_FA64 (1UL << 30)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_WFXT (1UL << 31)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_EBF16 (1UL << 32)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVE_EBF16 (1UL << 33)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_CSSC (1UL << 34)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_RPRFM (1UL << 35)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVE2P1 (1UL << 36)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME2 (1UL << 37)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME2P1 (1UL << 38)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_I16I32 (1UL << 39)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_BI32I32 (1UL << 40)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_B16B16 (1UL << 41)
+#define AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F16F16 (1UL << 42)
+
+// http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/latest/source/arch/arm/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
+#define ARM_HWCAP_SWP (1UL << 0)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_HALF (1UL << 1)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_THUMB (1UL << 2)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_26BIT (1UL << 3)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_FAST_MULT (1UL << 4)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_FPA (1UL << 5)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_VFP (1UL << 6)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_EDSP (1UL << 7)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_JAVA (1UL << 8)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_IWMMXT (1UL << 9)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_CRUNCH (1UL << 10)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_THUMBEE (1UL << 11)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_NEON (1UL << 12)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_VFPV3 (1UL << 13)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_VFPV3D16 (1UL << 14)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_TLS (1UL << 15)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_VFPV4 (1UL << 16)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_IDIVA (1UL << 17)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_IDIVT (1UL << 18)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_VFPD32 (1UL << 19)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_LPAE (1UL << 20)
+#define ARM_HWCAP_EVTSTRM (1UL << 21)
+#define ARM_HWCAP2_AES (1UL << 0)
+#define ARM_HWCAP2_PMULL (1UL << 1)
+#define ARM_HWCAP2_SHA1 (1UL << 2)
+#define ARM_HWCAP2_SHA2 (1UL << 3)
+#define ARM_HWCAP2_CRC32 (1UL << 4)
+
+// http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/latest/source/arch/mips/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_R6 (1UL << 0)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_MSA (1UL << 1)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_CRC32 (1UL << 2)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_MIPS16 (1UL << 3)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_MDMX (1UL << 4)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_MIPS3D (1UL << 5)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_SMARTMIPS (1UL << 6)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_DSP (1UL << 7)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_DSP2 (1UL << 8)
+#define MIPS_HWCAP_DSP3 (1UL << 9)
+
+// http://elixir.free-electrons.com/linux/latest/source/arch/powerpc/include/uapi/asm/cputable.h
+#ifndef _UAPI__ASM_POWERPC_CPUTABLE_H
+/* in AT_HWCAP */
+#define PPC_FEATURE_32 0x80000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_64 0x40000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_601_INSTR 0x20000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_ALTIVEC 0x10000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_FPU 0x08000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_MMU 0x04000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_4xxMAC 0x02000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_UNIFIED_CACHE 0x01000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_SPE 0x00800000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_EFP_SINGLE 0x00400000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_EFP_DOUBLE 0x00200000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_NO_TB 0x00100000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_POWER4 0x00080000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_POWER5 0x00040000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_POWER5_PLUS 0x00020000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_CELL 0x00010000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_BOOKE 0x00008000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_SMT 0x00004000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_ICACHE_SNOOP 0x00002000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_ARCH_2_05 0x00001000
+#define PPC_FEATURE_PA6T 0x00000800
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_DFP 0x00000400
+#define PPC_FEATURE_POWER6_EXT 0x00000200
+#define PPC_FEATURE_ARCH_2_06 0x00000100
+#define PPC_FEATURE_HAS_VSX 0x00000080
+
+#define PPC_FEATURE_PSERIES_PERFMON_COMPAT 0x00000040
+
+/* Reserved - do not use                0x00000004 */
+#define PPC_FEATURE_TRUE_LE 0x00000002
+#define PPC_FEATURE_PPC_LE 0x00000001
+
+/* in AT_HWCAP2 */
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_ARCH_2_07 0x80000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_HTM 0x40000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_DSCR 0x20000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_EBB 0x10000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_ISEL 0x08000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_TAR 0x04000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_VEC_CRYPTO 0x02000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NOSC 0x01000000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_ARCH_3_00 0x00800000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_HAS_IEEE128 0x00400000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_DARN 0x00200000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_SCV 0x00100000
+#define PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NO_SUSPEND 0x00080000
+#endif
+
+// https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v6.0-rc6/source/arch/s390/include/asm/elf.h
+#define HWCAP_S390_ESAN3        1
+#define HWCAP_S390_ZARCH        2
+#define HWCAP_S390_STFLE        4
+#define HWCAP_S390_MSA          8
+#define HWCAP_S390_LDISP        16
+#define HWCAP_S390_EIMM         32
+#define HWCAP_S390_DFP          64
+#define HWCAP_S390_HPAGE        128
+#define HWCAP_S390_ETF3EH       256
+#define HWCAP_S390_HIGH_GPRS    512
+#define HWCAP_S390_TE           1024
+#define HWCAP_S390_VX           2048
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXRS         HWCAP_S390_VX
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXD          4096
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXRS_BCD     HWCAP_S390_VXD
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXE          8192
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXRS_EXT     HWCAP_S390_VXE
+#define HWCAP_S390_GS           16384
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXRS_EXT2    32768
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXRS_PDE     65536
+#define HWCAP_S390_SORT         131072
+#define HWCAP_S390_DFLT         262144
+#define HWCAP_S390_VXRS_PDE2    524288
+#define HWCAP_S390_NNPA         1048576
+#define HWCAP_S390_PCI_MIO      2097152
+#define HWCAP_S390_SIE          4194304
+
+// https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_32 0x32
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_64 0x64
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_128 0x128
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_M (1UL << ('M' - 'A'))
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_A (1UL << ('A' - 'A'))
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_F (1UL << ('F' - 'A'))
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_D (1UL << ('D' - 'A'))
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_Q (1UL << ('Q' - 'A'))
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_C (1UL << ('C' - 'A'))
+#define RISCV_HWCAP_V (1UL << ('V' - 'A'))
+
+// https://github.com/torvalds/linux/blob/master/arch/loongarch/include/uapi/asm/hwcap.h
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_CPUCFG   (1 << 0)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LAM      (1 << 1)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_UAL      (1 << 2)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_FPU      (1 << 3)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LSX      (1 << 4)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LASX     (1 << 5)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_CRC32    (1 << 6)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_COMPLEX  (1 << 7)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_CRYPTO   (1 << 8)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LVZ      (1 << 9)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LBT_X86  (1 << 10)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LBT_ARM  (1 << 11)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LBT_MIPS (1 << 12)
+#define HWCAP_LOONGARCH_PTW      (1 << 13)
+
+typedef struct {
+  unsigned long hwcaps;
+  unsigned long hwcaps2;
+} HardwareCapabilities;
+
+// Retrieves values from auxiliary vector for types AT_HWCAP and AT_HWCAP2.
+// First tries to call getauxval(), if not available falls back to reading
+// "/proc/self/auxv".
+HardwareCapabilities CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities(void);
+
+// Checks whether value for AT_HWCAP (or AT_HWCAP2) match hwcaps_mask.
+bool CpuFeatures_IsHwCapsSet(const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps_mask,
+                             const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps);
+
+// Get pointer for the AT_PLATFORM type.
+const char* CpuFeatures_GetPlatformPointer(void);
+// Get pointer for the AT_BASE_PLATFORM type.
+const char* CpuFeatures_GetBasePlatformPointer(void);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_HWCAPS_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/internal/stack_line_reader.h b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/stack_line_reader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39c1b8b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/stack_line_reader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// Reads a file line by line and stores the data on the stack. This allows
+// parsing files in one go without allocating.
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_STACK_LINE_READER_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_STACK_LINE_READER_H_
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  char buffer[STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE];
+  StringView view;
+  int fd;
+  bool skip_mode;
+} StackLineReader;
+
+// Initializes a StackLineReader.
+void StackLineReader_Initialize(StackLineReader* reader, int fd);
+
+typedef struct {
+  StringView line;  // A view of the line.
+  bool eof;         // Nothing more to read, we reached EOF.
+  bool full_line;   // If false the line was truncated to
+                    // STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE.
+} LineResult;
+
+// Reads the file pointed to by fd and tries to read a full line.
+LineResult StackLineReader_NextLine(StackLineReader* reader);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_STACK_LINE_READER_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/internal/string_view.h b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/string_view.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a109d45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/string_view.h
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// A view over a piece of string. The view is not 0 terminated.
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_STRING_VIEW_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_STRING_VIEW_H_
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+CPU_FEATURES_START_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+typedef struct {
+  const char* ptr;
+  size_t size;
+} StringView;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+static const StringView kEmptyStringView = {NULL, 0};
+#else
+static const StringView kEmptyStringView;
+#endif
+
+// Returns a StringView from the provided string.
+// Passing NULL is valid only if size is 0.
+static inline StringView view(const char* str, const size_t size) {
+  StringView view;
+  view.ptr = str;
+  view.size = size;
+  return view;
+}
+
+static inline StringView str(const char* str) { return view(str, strlen(str)); }
+
+// Returns the index of the first occurrence of c in view or -1 if not found.
+int CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOfChar(const StringView view, char c);
+
+// Returns the index of the first occurrence of sub_view in view or -1 if not
+// found.
+int CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOf(const StringView view,
+                                   const StringView sub_view);
+
+// Returns whether a is equal to b (same content).
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(const StringView a, const StringView b);
+
+// Returns whether a starts with b.
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_StartsWith(const StringView a, const StringView b);
+
+// Removes count characters from the beginning of view or kEmptyStringView if
+// count if greater than view.size.
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(const StringView str_view,
+                                           size_t count);
+
+// Removes count characters from the end of view or kEmptyStringView if count if
+// greater than view.size.
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_PopBack(const StringView str_view,
+                                          size_t count);
+
+// Keeps the count first characters of view or view if count if greater than
+// view.size.
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_KeepFront(const StringView str_view,
+                                            size_t count);
+
+// Retrieves the first character of view. If view is empty the behavior is
+// undefined.
+char CpuFeatures_StringView_Front(const StringView view);
+
+// Retrieves the last character of view. If view is empty the behavior is
+// undefined.
+char CpuFeatures_StringView_Back(const StringView view);
+
+// Removes leading and tailing space characters.
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_TrimWhitespace(StringView view);
+
+// Convert StringView to positive integer. e.g. "42", "0x2a".
+// Returns -1 on error.
+int CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(const StringView view);
+
+// Copies src StringView to dst buffer.
+void CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(const StringView src, char* dst,
+                                       size_t dst_size);
+
+// Checks if line contains the specified whitespace separated word.
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(const StringView line,
+                                    const char* const word,
+                                    const char separator);
+
+// Get key/value from line. key and value are separated by ": ".
+// key and value are cleaned up from leading and trailing whitespaces.
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(const StringView line,
+                                                 StringView* key,
+                                                 StringView* value);
+
+CPU_FEATURES_END_CPP_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_STRING_VIEW_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/include/internal/windows_utils.h b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/windows_utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3348c52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/include/internal/windows_utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_WINDOWS_UTILS_H_
+#define CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_WINDOWS_UTILS_H_
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#include <windows.h>  // IsProcessorFeaturePresent
+
+// modern WinSDK winnt.h contains newer features detection definitions
+#if !defined(PF_SSSE3_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_SSSE3_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 36
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_SSE4_1_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_SSE4_1_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 37
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_SSE4_2_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_SSE4_2_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 38
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_VFP_32_REGISTERS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_VFP_32_REGISTERS_AVAILABLE 18
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 19
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_V8_CRYPTO_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_V8_CRYPTO_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 30
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_V8_CRC32_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_V8_CRC32_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 31
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_V81_ATOMIC_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_V81_ATOMIC_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 34
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_V82_DP_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_V82_DP_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 43
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_V83_JSCVT_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_V83_JSCVT_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 44
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(PF_ARM_V83_LRCPC_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE)
+#define PF_ARM_V83_LRCPC_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE 45
+#endif
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_OS_WINDOWS
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_INCLUDE_INTERNAL_WINDOWS_UTILS_H_
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/copy.inl b/external/cpu_features/src/copy.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47771d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/copy.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static void copy(char *__restrict dst, const char *src, size_t count) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) dst[i] = src[i];
+}
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/define_introspection.inl b/external/cpu_features/src/define_introspection.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0eb916
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/define_introspection.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef INTROSPECTION_PREFIX
+#error "missing INTROSPECTION_PREFIX"
+#endif
+#ifndef INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX
+#error "missing INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX"
+#endif
+#ifndef INTROSPECTION_TABLE
+#error "missing INTROSPECTION_TABLE"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#define STRINGIZE_(s) #s
+#define STRINGIZE(s) STRINGIZE_(s)
+
+#define FEAT_TYPE_NAME__(X) X##Features
+#define FEAT_TYPE_NAME_(X) FEAT_TYPE_NAME__(X)
+#define FEAT_TYPE_NAME FEAT_TYPE_NAME_(INTROSPECTION_PREFIX)
+
+#define FEAT_ENUM_NAME__(X) X##FeaturesEnum
+#define FEAT_ENUM_NAME_(X) FEAT_ENUM_NAME__(X)
+#define FEAT_ENUM_NAME FEAT_ENUM_NAME_(INTROSPECTION_PREFIX)
+
+#define GET_FEAT_ENUM_VALUE__(X) Get##X##FeaturesEnumValue
+#define GET_FEAT_ENUM_VALUE_(X) GET_FEAT_ENUM_VALUE__(X)
+#define GET_FEAT_ENUM_VALUE GET_FEAT_ENUM_VALUE_(INTROSPECTION_PREFIX)
+
+#define GET_FEAT_ENUM_NAME__(X) Get##X##FeaturesEnumName
+#define GET_FEAT_ENUM_NAME_(X) GET_FEAT_ENUM_NAME__(X)
+#define GET_FEAT_ENUM_NAME GET_FEAT_ENUM_NAME_(INTROSPECTION_PREFIX)
+
+#define FEAT_ENUM_LAST__(X) X##_LAST_
+#define FEAT_ENUM_LAST_(X) FEAT_ENUM_LAST__(X)
+#define FEAT_ENUM_LAST FEAT_ENUM_LAST_(INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX)
+
+// Generate individual getters and setters.
+#define LINE(ENUM, NAME, A, B, C)                                \
+  static void set_##ENUM(FEAT_TYPE_NAME* features, bool value) { \
+    features->NAME = value;                                      \
+  }                                                              \
+  static int get_##ENUM(const FEAT_TYPE_NAME* features) {        \
+    return features->NAME;                                       \
+  }
+INTROSPECTION_TABLE
+#undef LINE
+
+// Generate getters table
+#define LINE(ENUM, NAME, A, B, C) [ENUM] = get_##ENUM,
+static int (*const kGetters[])(const FEAT_TYPE_NAME*) = {INTROSPECTION_TABLE};
+#undef LINE
+
+// Generate setters table
+#define LINE(ENUM, NAME, A, B, C) [ENUM] = set_##ENUM,
+static void (*const kSetters[])(FEAT_TYPE_NAME*, bool) = {INTROSPECTION_TABLE};
+#undef LINE
+
+// Implements the `GetXXXFeaturesEnumValue` API.
+int GET_FEAT_ENUM_VALUE(const FEAT_TYPE_NAME* features, FEAT_ENUM_NAME value) {
+  if (value >= FEAT_ENUM_LAST) return false;
+  return kGetters[value](features);
+}
+
+// Generate feature name table.
+#define LINE(ENUM, NAME, A, B, C) [ENUM] = STRINGIZE(NAME),
+static const char* kFeatureNames[] = {INTROSPECTION_TABLE};
+#undef LINE
+
+// Implements the `GetXXXFeaturesEnumName` API.
+const char* GET_FEAT_ENUM_NAME(FEAT_ENUM_NAME value) {
+  if (value >= FEAT_ENUM_LAST) return "unknown_feature";
+  return kFeatureNames[value];
+}
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl b/external/cpu_features/src/define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c31b60d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "define_introspection.inl"
+#include "internal/hwcaps.h"
+
+#define LINE(ENUM, NAME, CPUINFO_FLAG, HWCAP, HWCAP2) \
+  [ENUM] = (HardwareCapabilities){HWCAP, HWCAP2},
+static const HardwareCapabilities kHardwareCapabilities[] = {
+    INTROSPECTION_TABLE};
+#undef LINE
+
+#define LINE(ENUM, NAME, CPUINFO_FLAG, HWCAP, HWCAP2) [ENUM] = CPUINFO_FLAG,
+static const char* kCpuInfoFlags[] = {INTROSPECTION_TABLE};
+#undef LINE
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/equals.inl b/external/cpu_features/src/equals.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67a115f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/equals.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+static bool equals(const char *lhs, const char *rhs, size_t count) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i)
+    if (lhs[i] != rhs[i]) return false;
+  return true;
+}
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/filesystem.c b/external/cpu_features/src/filesystem.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46c9906
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/filesystem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_FILESYSTEM)
+// Implementation will be provided by test/filesystem_for_testing.cc.
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <io.h>
+int CpuFeatures_OpenFile(const char* filename) {
+  int fd = -1;
+  _sopen_s(&fd, filename, _O_RDONLY, _SH_DENYWR, _S_IREAD);
+  return fd;
+}
+
+void CpuFeatures_CloseFile(int file_descriptor) { _close(file_descriptor); }
+
+int CpuFeatures_ReadFile(int file_descriptor, void* buffer,
+                         size_t buffer_size) {
+  return _read(file_descriptor, buffer, (unsigned int)buffer_size);
+}
+
+#else
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int CpuFeatures_OpenFile(const char* filename) {
+  int result;
+  do {
+    result = open(filename, O_RDONLY);
+  } while (result == -1L && errno == EINTR);
+  return result;
+}
+
+void CpuFeatures_CloseFile(int file_descriptor) { close(file_descriptor); }
+
+int CpuFeatures_ReadFile(int file_descriptor, void* buffer,
+                         size_t buffer_size) {
+  int result;
+  do {
+    result = read(file_descriptor, buffer, buffer_size);
+  } while (result == -1L && errno == EINTR);
+  return result;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/hwcaps.c b/external/cpu_features/src/hwcaps.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f44f6c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/hwcaps.c
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "internal/hwcaps.h"
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+static bool IsSet(const uint32_t mask, const uint32_t value) {
+  if (mask == 0) return false;
+  return (value & mask) == mask;
+}
+
+bool CpuFeatures_IsHwCapsSet(const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps_mask,
+                             const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps) {
+  return IsSet(hwcaps_mask.hwcaps, hwcaps.hwcaps) ||
+         IsSet(hwcaps_mask.hwcaps2, hwcaps.hwcaps2);
+}
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_TEST
+// In test mode, hwcaps_for_testing will define the following functions.
+HardwareCapabilities CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities(void);
+const char* CpuFeatures_GetPlatformPointer(void);
+const char* CpuFeatures_GetBasePlatformPointer(void);
+#else
+
+// Debug facilities
+#if defined(NDEBUG)
+#define D(...)
+#else
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define D(...)           \
+  do {                   \
+    printf(__VA_ARGS__); \
+    fflush(stdout);      \
+  } while (0)
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation of GetElfHwcapFromGetauxval
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define AT_HWCAP 16
+#define AT_HWCAP2 26
+#define AT_PLATFORM 15
+#define AT_BASE_PLATFORM 24
+
+#if defined(HAVE_STRONG_GETAUXVAL)
+#include <sys/auxv.h>
+static unsigned long GetElfHwcapFromGetauxval(uint32_t hwcap_type) {
+  return getauxval(hwcap_type);
+}
+#elif defined(HAVE_DLFCN_H)
+// On Android we probe the system's C library for a 'getauxval' function and
+// call it if it exits, or return 0 for failure. This function is available
+// since API level 18.
+//
+// Note that getauxval() can't really be re-implemented here, because its
+// implementation does not parse /proc/self/auxv. Instead it depends on values
+// that are passed by the kernel at process-init time to the C runtime
+// initialization layer.
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+typedef unsigned long getauxval_func_t(unsigned long);
+
+static uint32_t GetElfHwcapFromGetauxval(uint32_t hwcap_type) {
+  uint32_t ret = 0;
+  void *libc_handle = NULL;
+  getauxval_func_t *func = NULL;
+
+  dlerror();  // Cleaning error state before calling dlopen.
+  libc_handle = dlopen("libc.so", RTLD_NOW);
+  if (!libc_handle) {
+    D("Could not dlopen() C library: %s\n", dlerror());
+    return 0;
+  }
+  func = (getauxval_func_t *)dlsym(libc_handle, "getauxval");
+  if (!func) {
+    D("Could not find getauxval() in C library\n");
+  } else {
+    // Note: getauxval() returns 0 on failure. Doesn't touch errno.
+    ret = (uint32_t)(*func)(hwcap_type);
+  }
+  dlclose(libc_handle);
+  return ret;
+}
+#else
+#error "This platform does not provide hardware capabilities."
+#endif
+
+// Implementation of GetHardwareCapabilities for OS that provide
+// GetElfHwcapFromGetauxval().
+
+// Fallback when getauxval is not available, retrieves hwcaps from
+// "/proc/self/auxv".
+static uint32_t GetElfHwcapFromProcSelfAuxv(uint32_t hwcap_type) {
+  struct {
+    uint32_t tag;
+    uint32_t value;
+  } entry;
+  uint32_t result = 0;
+  const char filepath[] = "/proc/self/auxv";
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile(filepath);
+  if (fd < 0) {
+    D("Could not open %s\n", filepath);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  for (;;) {
+    const int ret = CpuFeatures_ReadFile(fd, (char *)&entry, sizeof entry);
+    if (ret < 0) {
+      D("Error while reading %s\n", filepath);
+      break;
+    }
+    // Detect end of list.
+    if (ret == 0 || (entry.tag == 0 && entry.value == 0)) {
+      break;
+    }
+    if (entry.tag == hwcap_type) {
+      result = entry.value;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Retrieves hardware capabilities by first trying to call getauxval, if not
+// available falls back to reading "/proc/self/auxv".
+static unsigned long GetHardwareCapabilitiesFor(uint32_t type) {
+  unsigned long hwcaps = GetElfHwcapFromGetauxval(type);
+  if (!hwcaps) {
+    D("Parsing /proc/self/auxv to extract ELF hwcaps!\n");
+    hwcaps = GetElfHwcapFromProcSelfAuxv(type);
+  }
+  return hwcaps;
+}
+
+HardwareCapabilities CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities(void) {
+  HardwareCapabilities capabilities;
+  capabilities.hwcaps = GetHardwareCapabilitiesFor(AT_HWCAP);
+  capabilities.hwcaps2 = GetHardwareCapabilitiesFor(AT_HWCAP2);
+  return capabilities;
+}
+
+const char *CpuFeatures_GetPlatformPointer(void) {
+  return (const char *)GetHardwareCapabilitiesFor(AT_PLATFORM);
+}
+
+const char *CpuFeatures_GetBasePlatformPointer(void) {
+  return (const char *)GetHardwareCapabilitiesFor(AT_BASE_PLATFORM);
+}
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_TEST
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64__base_implementation.inl b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64__base_implementation.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccc6c11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64__base_implementation.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+#include "cpuinfo_aarch64.h"
+#include "internal/bit_utils.h"
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64)
+#error "Cannot compile aarch64_base on a non aarch64 platform."
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                                                  \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FP, fp, "fp", AARCH64_HWCAP_FP, 0)                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMD, asimd, "asimd", AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMD, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_EVTSTRM, evtstrm, "evtstrm", AARCH64_HWCAP_EVTSTRM, 0)        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_AES, aes, "aes", AARCH64_HWCAP_AES, 0)                        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_PMULL, pmull, "pmull", AARCH64_HWCAP_PMULL, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA1, sha1, "sha1", AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA1, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA2, sha2, "sha2", AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA2, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_CRC32, crc32, "crc32", AARCH64_HWCAP_CRC32, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ATOMICS, atomics, "atomics", AARCH64_HWCAP_ATOMICS, 0)        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FPHP, fphp, "fphp", AARCH64_HWCAP_FPHP, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDHP, asimdhp, "asimdhp", AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDHP, 0)        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_CPUID, cpuid, "cpuid", AARCH64_HWCAP_CPUID, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDRDM, asimdrdm, "asimdrdm", AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDRDM, 0)    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_JSCVT, jscvt, "jscvt", AARCH64_HWCAP_JSCVT, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FCMA, fcma, "fcma", AARCH64_HWCAP_FCMA, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_LRCPC, lrcpc, "lrcpc", AARCH64_HWCAP_LRCPC, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DCPOP, dcpop, "dcpop", AARCH64_HWCAP_DCPOP, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA3, sha3, "sha3", AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA3, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SM3, sm3, "sm3", AARCH64_HWCAP_SM3, 0)                        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SM4, sm4, "sm4", AARCH64_HWCAP_SM4, 0)                        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDDP, asimddp, "asimddp", AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDDP, 0)        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA512, sha512, "sha512", AARCH64_HWCAP_SHA512, 0)            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVE, sve, "sve", AARCH64_HWCAP_SVE, 0)                        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDFHM, asimdfhm, "asimdfhm", AARCH64_HWCAP_ASIMDFHM, 0)    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DIT, dit, "dit", AARCH64_HWCAP_DIT, 0)                        \
+  LINE(AARCH64_USCAT, uscat, "uscat", AARCH64_HWCAP_USCAT, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ILRCPC, ilrcpc, "ilrcpc", AARCH64_HWCAP_ILRCPC, 0)            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FLAGM, flagm, "flagm", AARCH64_HWCAP_FLAGM, 0)                \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SSBS, ssbs, "ssbs", AARCH64_HWCAP_SSBS, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SB, sb, "sb", AARCH64_HWCAP_SB, 0)                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_PACA, paca, "paca", AARCH64_HWCAP_PACA, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_PACG, pacg, "pacg", AARCH64_HWCAP_PACG, 0)                    \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DCPODP, dcpodp, "dcpodp", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_DCPODP)           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVE2, sve2, "sve2", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVE2)                   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEAES, sveaes, "sveaes", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEAES)           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEPMULL, svepmull, "svepmull", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEPMULL)   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEBITPERM, svebitperm, "svebitperm", 0,                      \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEBITPERM)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVESHA3, svesha3, "svesha3", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVESHA3)       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVESM4, svesm4, "svesm4", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVESM4)           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FLAGM2, flagm2, "flagm2", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_FLAGM2)           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FRINT, frint, "frint", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_FRINT)               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEI8MM, svei8mm, "svei8mm", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEI8MM)       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEF32MM, svef32mm, "svef32mm", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEF32MM)   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEF64MM, svef64mm, "svef64mm", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEF64MM)   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEBF16, svebf16, "svebf16", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVEBF16)       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_I8MM, i8mm, "i8mm", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_I8MM)                   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_BF16, bf16, "bf16", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_BF16)                   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DGH, dgh, "dgh", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_DGH)                       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_RNG, rng, "rng", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_RNG)                       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_BTI, bti, "bti", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_BTI)                       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_MTE, mte, "mte", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_MTE)                       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ECV, ecv, "ecv", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_ECV)                       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_AFP, afp, "afp", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_AFP)                       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_RPRES, rpres, "rpres", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_RPRES)               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_MTE3, mte3, "mte3", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_MTE3)                   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME, sme, "sme", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME)                       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_I16I64, smei16i64, "smei16i64", 0,                        \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_I16I64)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_F64F64, smef64f64, "smef64f64", 0,                        \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F64F64)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_I8I32, smei8i32, "smei8i32", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_I8I32) \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_F16F32, smef16f32, "smef16f32", 0,                        \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F16F32)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_B16F32, smeb16f32, "smeb16f32", 0,                        \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_B16F32)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_F32F32, smef32f32, "smef32f32", 0,                        \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F32F32)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_FA64, smefa64, "smefa64", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_FA64)     \
+  LINE(AARCH64_WFXT, wfxt, "wfxt", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_WFXT)                   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_EBF16, ebf16, "ebf16", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_EBF16)               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVE_EBF16, sveebf16, "sveebf16", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVE_EBF16) \
+  LINE(AARCH64_CSSC, cssc, "cssc", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_CSSC)                   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_RPRFM, rprfm, "rprfm", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_RPRFM)               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVE2P1, sve2p1, "sve2p1", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SVE2P1)           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME2, sme2, "sme2", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME2)                   \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME2P1, sme2p1, "sme2p1", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME2P1)           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_I16I32, smei16i32, "smei16i32", 0,                        \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_I16I32)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_BI32I32, smebi32i32, "smebi32i32", 0,                     \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_BI32I32)                                           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_B16B16, smeb16b16, "smeb16b16", 0,                        \
+       AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_B16B16)                                            \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SME_F16F16, smef16f16, "smef16f16", 0, AARCH64_HWCAP2_SME_F16F16)
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX Aarch64
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX AARCH64
+#include "define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl"
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_linux_or_android.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_linux_or_android.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c0a764c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_linux_or_android.c
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+
+#include "impl_aarch64__base_implementation.inl"
+
+static bool HandleAarch64Line(const LineResult result,
+                              Aarch64Info* const info) {
+  StringView line = result.line;
+  StringView key, value;
+  if (CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(line, &key, &value)) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("Features"))) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < AARCH64_LAST_; ++i) {
+        kSetters[i](&info->features, CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(
+                                         value, kCpuInfoFlags[i], ' '));
+      }
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU implementer"))) {
+      info->implementer = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU variant"))) {
+      info->variant = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU part"))) {
+      info->part = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU revision"))) {
+      info->revision = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    }
+  }
+  return !result.eof;
+}
+
+static void FillProcCpuInfoData(Aarch64Info* const info) {
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (;;) {
+      if (!HandleAarch64Line(StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader), info)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+static const Aarch64Info kEmptyAarch64Info;
+
+Aarch64Info GetAarch64Info(void) {
+  // capabilities are fetched from both getauxval and /proc/cpuinfo so we can
+  // have some information if the executable is sandboxed (aka no access to
+  // /proc/cpuinfo).
+  Aarch64Info info = kEmptyAarch64Info;
+
+  FillProcCpuInfoData(&info);
+  const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps = CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < AARCH64_LAST_; ++i) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_IsHwCapsSet(kHardwareCapabilities[i], hwcaps)) {
+      kSetters[i](&info.features, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  return info;
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_macos_or_iphone.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_macos_or_iphone.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b97896
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_macos_or_iphone.c
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright 2021 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_MACOS) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_IPHONE)
+
+#include "impl_aarch64__base_implementation.inl"
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME)
+#error "Darwin needs support for sysctlbyname"
+#endif
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_SYSCTL_AARCH64)
+extern bool GetDarwinSysCtlByName(const char*);
+extern int GetDarwinSysCtlByNameValue(const char* name);
+#else
+static int GetDarwinSysCtlByNameValue(const char* name) {
+  int enabled;
+  size_t enabled_len = sizeof(enabled);
+  const int failure = sysctlbyname(name, &enabled, &enabled_len, NULL, 0);
+  return failure ? 0 : enabled;
+}
+
+static bool GetDarwinSysCtlByName(const char* name) {
+  return GetDarwinSysCtlByNameValue(name) != 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+static const Aarch64Info kEmptyAarch64Info;
+
+Aarch64Info GetAarch64Info(void) {
+  Aarch64Info info = kEmptyAarch64Info;
+
+  // Handling Darwin platform through sysctlbyname.
+  info.implementer = GetDarwinSysCtlByNameValue("hw.cputype");
+  info.variant = GetDarwinSysCtlByNameValue("hw.cpusubtype");
+  info.part = GetDarwinSysCtlByNameValue("hw.cpufamily");
+  info.revision = GetDarwinSysCtlByNameValue("hw.cpusubfamily");
+
+  info.features.fp = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.floatingpoint");
+  info.features.asimd = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.AdvSIMD");
+  info.features.aes = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_AES");
+  info.features.pmull = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_PMULL");
+  info.features.sha1 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SHA1");
+  info.features.sha2 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SHA256");
+  info.features.crc32 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.armv8_crc32");
+  info.features.atomics = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_LSE");
+  info.features.fphp = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_FP16");
+  info.features.asimdhp = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.AdvSIMD_HPFPCvt");
+  info.features.asimdrdm = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_RDM");
+  info.features.jscvt = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_JSCVT");
+  info.features.fcma = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_FCMA");
+  info.features.lrcpc = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_LRCPC");
+  info.features.dcpop = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_DPB");
+  info.features.sha3 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SHA3");
+  info.features.asimddp = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_DotProd");
+  info.features.sha512 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SHA512");
+  info.features.asimdfhm = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_FHM");
+  info.features.dit = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_DIT");
+  info.features.uscat = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_LSE2");
+  info.features.flagm = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_FlagM");
+  info.features.ssbs = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SSBS");
+  info.features.sb = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_SB");
+  info.features.flagm2 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_FlagM2");
+  info.features.frint = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_FRINTTS");
+  info.features.i8mm = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_I8MM");
+  info.features.bf16 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_BF16");
+  info.features.bti = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.arm.FEAT_BTI");
+
+  return info;
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_MACOS) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_IPHONE)
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_windows.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_windows.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f103909
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_aarch64_windows.c
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#include "cpuinfo_aarch64.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                  \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FP, fp, , , )                 \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMD, asimd, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_EVTSTRM, evtstrm, , , )       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_AES, aes, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_PMULL, pmull, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA1, sha1, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA2, sha2, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_CRC32, crc32, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ATOMICS, atomics, , , )       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FPHP, fphp, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDHP, asimdhp, , , )       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_CPUID, cpuid, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDRDM, asimdrdm, , , )     \
+  LINE(AARCH64_JSCVT, jscvt, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FCMA, fcma, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_LRCPC, lrcpc, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DCPOP, dcpop, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA3, sha3, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SM3, sm3, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SM4, sm4, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDDP, asimddp, , , )       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SHA512, sha512, , , )         \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVE, sve, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ASIMDFHM, asimdfhm, , , )     \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DIT, dit, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_USCAT, uscat, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ILRCPC, ilrcpc, , , )         \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FLAGM, flagm, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SSBS, ssbs, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SB, sb, , , )                 \
+  LINE(AARCH64_PACA, paca, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_PACG, pacg, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DCPODP, dcpodp, , , )         \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVE2, sve2, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEAES, sveaes, , , )         \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEPMULL, svepmull, , , )     \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEBITPERM, svebitperm, , , ) \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVESHA3, svesha3, , , )       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVESM4, svesm4, , , )         \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FLAGM2, flagm2, , , )         \
+  LINE(AARCH64_FRINT, frint, , , )           \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEI8MM, svei8mm, , , )       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEF32MM, svef32mm, , , )     \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEF64MM, svef64mm, , , )     \
+  LINE(AARCH64_SVEBF16, svebf16, , , )       \
+  LINE(AARCH64_I8MM, i8mm, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_BF16, bf16, , , )             \
+  LINE(AARCH64_DGH, dgh, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_RNG, rng, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_BTI, bti, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_MTE, mte, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_ECV, ecv, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_AFP, afp, , , )               \
+  LINE(AARCH64_RPRES, rpres, , , )
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX Aarch64
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX AARCH64
+#include "define_introspection.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "internal/windows_utils.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_AARCH64
+extern bool GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(DWORD);
+extern WORD GetWindowsNativeSystemInfoProcessorRevision();
+#else  // CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_AARCH64
+static bool GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(DWORD dwProcessorFeature) {
+  return IsProcessorFeaturePresent(dwProcessorFeature);
+}
+
+static WORD GetWindowsNativeSystemInfoProcessorRevision() {
+  SYSTEM_INFO system_info;
+  GetNativeSystemInfo(&system_info);
+  return system_info.wProcessorRevision;
+}
+#endif
+
+static const Aarch64Info kEmptyAarch64Info;
+
+Aarch64Info GetAarch64Info(void) {
+  Aarch64Info info = kEmptyAarch64Info;
+  info.revision = GetWindowsNativeSystemInfoProcessorRevision();
+  info.features.fp =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_ARM_VFP_32_REGISTERS_AVAILABLE);
+  info.features.asimd =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_ARM_NEON_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  info.features.crc32 = GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(
+      PF_ARM_V8_CRC32_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  info.features.asimddp =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_ARM_V82_DP_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  info.features.jscvt = GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(
+      PF_ARM_V83_JSCVT_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  info.features.lrcpc = GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(
+      PF_ARM_V83_LRCPC_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  info.features.atomics = GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(
+      PF_ARM_V81_ATOMIC_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+
+
+  bool is_crypto_available = GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(
+      PF_ARM_V8_CRYPTO_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  info.features.aes = is_crypto_available;
+  info.features.sha1 = is_crypto_available;
+  info.features.sha2 = is_crypto_available;
+  info.features.pmull = is_crypto_available;
+  return info;
+}
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_OS_WINDOWS
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_arm_linux_or_android.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_arm_linux_or_android.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..997ef93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_arm_linux_or_android.c
@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+
+#include "cpuinfo_arm.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                                        \
+  LINE(ARM_SWP, swp, "swp", ARM_HWCAP_SWP, 0)                      \
+  LINE(ARM_HALF, half, "half", ARM_HWCAP_HALF, 0)                  \
+  LINE(ARM_THUMB, thumb, "thumb", ARM_HWCAP_THUMB, 0)              \
+  LINE(ARM_26BIT, _26bit, "26bit", ARM_HWCAP_26BIT, 0)             \
+  LINE(ARM_FASTMULT, fastmult, "fastmult", ARM_HWCAP_FAST_MULT, 0) \
+  LINE(ARM_FPA, fpa, "fpa", ARM_HWCAP_FPA, 0)                      \
+  LINE(ARM_VFP, vfp, "vfp", ARM_HWCAP_VFP, 0)                      \
+  LINE(ARM_EDSP, edsp, "edsp", ARM_HWCAP_EDSP, 0)                  \
+  LINE(ARM_JAVA, java, "java", ARM_HWCAP_JAVA, 0)                  \
+  LINE(ARM_IWMMXT, iwmmxt, "iwmmxt", ARM_HWCAP_IWMMXT, 0)          \
+  LINE(ARM_CRUNCH, crunch, "crunch", ARM_HWCAP_CRUNCH, 0)          \
+  LINE(ARM_THUMBEE, thumbee, "thumbee", ARM_HWCAP_THUMBEE, 0)      \
+  LINE(ARM_NEON, neon, "neon", ARM_HWCAP_NEON, 0)                  \
+  LINE(ARM_VFPV3, vfpv3, "vfpv3", ARM_HWCAP_VFPV3, 0)              \
+  LINE(ARM_VFPV3D16, vfpv3d16, "vfpv3d16", ARM_HWCAP_VFPV3D16, 0)  \
+  LINE(ARM_TLS, tls, "tls", ARM_HWCAP_TLS, 0)                      \
+  LINE(ARM_VFPV4, vfpv4, "vfpv4", ARM_HWCAP_VFPV4, 0)              \
+  LINE(ARM_IDIVA, idiva, "idiva", ARM_HWCAP_IDIVA, 0)              \
+  LINE(ARM_IDIVT, idivt, "idivt", ARM_HWCAP_IDIVT, 0)              \
+  LINE(ARM_VFPD32, vfpd32, "vfpd32", ARM_HWCAP_VFPD32, 0)          \
+  LINE(ARM_LPAE, lpae, "lpae", ARM_HWCAP_LPAE, 0)                  \
+  LINE(ARM_EVTSTRM, evtstrm, "evtstrm", ARM_HWCAP_EVTSTRM, 0)      \
+  LINE(ARM_AES, aes, "aes", 0, ARM_HWCAP2_AES)                     \
+  LINE(ARM_PMULL, pmull, "pmull", 0, ARM_HWCAP2_PMULL)             \
+  LINE(ARM_SHA1, sha1, "sha1", 0, ARM_HWCAP2_SHA1)                 \
+  LINE(ARM_SHA2, sha2, "sha2", 0, ARM_HWCAP2_SHA2)                 \
+  LINE(ARM_CRC32, crc32, "crc32", 0, ARM_HWCAP2_CRC32)
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX Arm
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX ARM
+#include "define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "internal/bit_utils.h"
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+typedef struct {
+  bool processor_reports_armv6;
+  bool hardware_reports_goldfish;
+} ProcCpuInfoData;
+
+static int IndexOfNonDigit(StringView str) {
+  size_t index = 0;
+  while (str.size && isdigit(CpuFeatures_StringView_Front(str))) {
+    str = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(str, 1);
+    ++index;
+  }
+  return index;
+}
+
+static bool HandleArmLine(const LineResult result, ArmInfo* const info,
+                          ProcCpuInfoData* const proc_info) {
+  StringView line = result.line;
+  StringView key, value;
+  if (CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(line, &key, &value)) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("Features"))) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < ARM_LAST_; ++i) {
+        kSetters[i](&info->features, CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(
+                                         value, kCpuInfoFlags[i], ' '));
+      }
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU implementer"))) {
+      info->implementer = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU variant"))) {
+      info->variant = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU part"))) {
+      info->part = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU revision"))) {
+      info->revision = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("CPU architecture"))) {
+      // CPU architecture is a number that may be followed by letters. e.g.
+      // "6TEJ", "7".
+      const StringView digits =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_KeepFront(value, IndexOfNonDigit(value));
+      info->architecture = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(digits);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("Processor")) ||
+               CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("model name"))) {
+      // Android reports this in a non-Linux standard "Processor" but sometimes
+      // also in "model name", Linux reports it only in "model name"
+      // see RaspberryPiZero (Linux) vs InvalidArmv7 (Android) test-cases
+      proc_info->processor_reports_armv6 =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOf(value, str("(v6l)")) >= 0;
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("Hardware"))) {
+      proc_info->hardware_reports_goldfish =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(value, str("Goldfish"));
+    }
+  }
+  return !result.eof;
+}
+
+uint32_t GetArmCpuId(const ArmInfo* const info) {
+  return (ExtractBitRange(info->implementer, 7, 0) << 24) |
+         (ExtractBitRange(info->variant, 3, 0) << 20) |
+         (ExtractBitRange(info->part, 11, 0) << 4) |
+         (ExtractBitRange(info->revision, 3, 0) << 0);
+}
+
+static void FixErrors(ArmInfo* const info,
+                      ProcCpuInfoData* const proc_cpu_info_data) {
+  // Fixing Samsung kernel reporting invalid cpu architecture.
+  // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=10812
+  if (proc_cpu_info_data->processor_reports_armv6 && info->architecture >= 7) {
+    info->architecture = 6;
+  }
+
+  // Handle kernel configuration bugs that prevent the correct reporting of CPU
+  // features.
+  switch (GetArmCpuId(info)) {
+    case 0x4100C080:
+      // Special case: The emulator-specific Android 4.2 kernel fails to report
+      // support for the 32-bit ARM IDIV instruction. Technically, this is a
+      // feature of the virtual CPU implemented by the emulator. Note that it
+      // could also support Thumb IDIV in the future, and this will have to be
+      // slightly updated.
+      if (info->architecture >= 7 &&
+          proc_cpu_info_data->hardware_reports_goldfish) {
+        info->features.idiva = true;
+      }
+      break;
+    case 0x511004D0:
+      // https://crbug.com/341598.
+      info->features.neon = false;
+      break;
+  }
+
+  // Some Qualcomm Krait kernels forget to report IDIV support.
+  // https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/120ecfafabec382c4feb79ff159ef42a39b6d33b
+  if (info->implementer == 0x51 && info->architecture == 7 &&
+      (info->part == 0x4d || info->part == 0x6f)) {
+    info->features.idiva = true;
+    info->features.idivt = true;
+  }
+
+  // Propagate cpu features.
+  if (info->features.vfpv4) info->features.vfpv3 = true;
+  if (info->features.neon) info->features.vfpv3 = true;
+  if (info->features.vfpv3) info->features.vfp = true;
+}
+
+static void FillProcCpuInfoData(ArmInfo* const info,
+                                ProcCpuInfoData* proc_cpu_info_data) {
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (;;) {
+      if (!HandleArmLine(StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader), info,
+                         proc_cpu_info_data)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+static const ArmInfo kEmptyArmInfo;
+
+static const ProcCpuInfoData kEmptyProcCpuInfoData;
+
+ArmInfo GetArmInfo(void) {
+  // capabilities are fetched from both getauxval and /proc/cpuinfo so we can
+  // have some information if the executable is sandboxed (aka no access to
+  // /proc/cpuinfo).
+  ArmInfo info = kEmptyArmInfo;
+  ProcCpuInfoData proc_cpu_info_data = kEmptyProcCpuInfoData;
+
+  FillProcCpuInfoData(&info, &proc_cpu_info_data);
+  const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps = CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < ARM_LAST_; ++i) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_IsHwCapsSet(kHardwareCapabilities[i], hwcaps)) {
+      kSetters[i](&info.features, true);
+    }
+  }
+
+  FixErrors(&info, &proc_cpu_info_data);
+
+  return info;
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_loongarch_linux.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_loongarch_linux.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9cea7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_loongarch_linux.c
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_LOONGARCH
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX)
+
+#include "cpuinfo_loongarch.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                            \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_CPUCFG, CPUCFG, "cfg", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_CPUCFG, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_LAM, LAM, "lam", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LAM, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_UAL, UAL, "ual", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_UAL, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_FPU, FPU, "fpu", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_FPU, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_LSX, LSX, "lsx", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LSX, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_LASX, LASX, "lasx", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LASX, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_CRC32, CRC32, "crc32", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_CRC32, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_COMPLEX, COMPLEX, "complex", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_COMPLEX, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_CRYPTO, CRYPTO, "crypto", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_CRYPTO, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_LVZ, LVZ, "lvz", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LVZ, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_LBT_X86, LBT_X86, "lbt_x86", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LBT_X86, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_LBT_ARM, LBT_ARM, "lbt_arm", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LBT_ARM, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_LBT_MIPS, LBT_MIPS, "lbt_mips", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_LBT_MIPS, 0) \
+  LINE(LOONGARCH_PTW, PTW, "ptw", HWCAP_LOONGARCH_PTW, 0)
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX LoongArch
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX LOONGARCH
+#include "define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+
+static const LoongArchInfo kEmptyLoongArchInfo;
+
+static bool HandleLoongArchLine(const LineResult result, LoongArchInfo* const info) {
+  StringView line = result.line;
+  StringView key, value;
+  if (CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(line, &key, &value)) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("Features"))) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < LOONGARCH_LAST_; ++i) {
+        kSetters[i](&info->features, CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(
+                                         value, kCpuInfoFlags[i], ' '));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return !result.eof;
+}
+
+static void FillProcCpuInfoData(LoongArchInfo* const info) {
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (;;) {
+      if (!HandleLoongArchLine(StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader), info)) break;
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+LoongArchInfo GetLoongArchInfo(void) {
+  LoongArchInfo info = kEmptyLoongArchInfo;
+  FillProcCpuInfoData(&info);
+  return info;
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX)
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_LOONGARCH
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_mips_linux_or_android.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_mips_linux_or_android.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2322ecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_mips_linux_or_android.c
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+
+#include "cpuinfo_mips.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                                     \
+  LINE(MIPS_MSA, msa, "msa", MIPS_HWCAP_MSA, 0)                 \
+  LINE(MIPS_EVA, eva, "eva", 0, 0)                              \
+  LINE(MIPS_R6, r6, "r6", MIPS_HWCAP_R6, 0)                     \
+  LINE(MIPS_MIPS16, mips16, "mips16", MIPS_HWCAP_MIPS16, 0)     \
+  LINE(MIPS_MDMX, mdmx, "mdmx", MIPS_HWCAP_MDMX, 0)             \
+  LINE(MIPS_MIPS3D, mips3d, "mips3d", MIPS_HWCAP_MIPS3D, 0)     \
+  LINE(MIPS_SMART, smart, "smartmips", MIPS_HWCAP_SMARTMIPS, 0) \
+  LINE(MIPS_DSP, dsp, "dsp", MIPS_HWCAP_DSP, 0)
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX Mips
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX MIPS
+#include "define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/hwcaps.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+static bool HandleMipsLine(const LineResult result,
+                           MipsFeatures* const features) {
+  StringView key, value;
+  // See tests for an example.
+  if (CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(result.line, &key, &value)) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("ASEs implemented"))) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < MIPS_LAST_; ++i) {
+        kSetters[i](features, CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(
+                                  value, kCpuInfoFlags[i], ' '));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return !result.eof;
+}
+
+static void FillProcCpuInfoData(MipsFeatures* const features) {
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (;;) {
+      if (!HandleMipsLine(StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader), features)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+static const MipsInfo kEmptyMipsInfo;
+
+MipsInfo GetMipsInfo(void) {
+  // capabilities are fetched from both getauxval and /proc/cpuinfo so we can
+  // have some information if the executable is sandboxed (aka no access to
+  // /proc/cpuinfo).
+  MipsInfo info = kEmptyMipsInfo;
+
+  FillProcCpuInfoData(&info.features);
+  const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps = CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < MIPS_LAST_; ++i) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_IsHwCapsSet(kHardwareCapabilities[i], hwcaps)) {
+      kSetters[i](&info.features, true);
+    }
+  }
+  return info;
+}
+
+#endif  //  defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_ppc_linux.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_ppc_linux.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46a72d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_ppc_linux.c
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+// Copyright 2018 IBM.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_PPC
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX
+
+#include "cpuinfo_ppc.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                                                    \
+  LINE(PPC_32, ppc32, "ppc32", PPC_FEATURE_32, 0)                              \
+  LINE(PPC_64, ppc64, "ppc64", PPC_FEATURE_64, 0)                              \
+  LINE(PPC_601_INSTR, ppc601, "ppc601", PPC_FEATURE_601_INSTR, 0)              \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_ALTIVEC, altivec, "altivec", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_ALTIVEC, 0)        \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_FPU, fpu, "fpu", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_FPU, 0)                        \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_MMU, mmu, "mmu", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_MMU, 0)                        \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_4xxMAC, mac_4xx, "4xxmac", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_4xxMAC, 0)           \
+  LINE(PPC_UNIFIED_CACHE, unifiedcache, "ucache", PPC_FEATURE_UNIFIED_CACHE,   \
+       0)                                                                      \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_SPE, spe, "spe", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_SPE, 0)                        \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_EFP_SINGLE, efpsingle, "efpsingle", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_EFP_SINGLE, \
+       0)                                                                      \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_EFP_DOUBLE, efpdouble, "efpdouble", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_EFP_DOUBLE, \
+       0)                                                                      \
+  LINE(PPC_NO_TB, no_tb, "notb", PPC_FEATURE_NO_TB, 0)                         \
+  LINE(PPC_POWER4, power4, "power4", PPC_FEATURE_POWER4, 0)                    \
+  LINE(PPC_POWER5, power5, "power5", PPC_FEATURE_POWER5, 0)                    \
+  LINE(PPC_POWER5_PLUS, power5plus, "power5+", PPC_FEATURE_POWER5_PLUS, 0)     \
+  LINE(PPC_CELL, cell, "cellbe", PPC_FEATURE_CELL, 0)                          \
+  LINE(PPC_BOOKE, booke, "booke", PPC_FEATURE_BOOKE, 0)                        \
+  LINE(PPC_SMT, smt, "smt", PPC_FEATURE_SMT, 0)                                \
+  LINE(PPC_ICACHE_SNOOP, icachesnoop, "ic_snoop", PPC_FEATURE_ICACHE_SNOOP, 0) \
+  LINE(PPC_ARCH_2_05, arch205, "arch_2_05", PPC_FEATURE_ARCH_2_05, 0)          \
+  LINE(PPC_PA6T, pa6t, "pa6t", PPC_FEATURE_PA6T, 0)                            \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_DFP, dfp, "dfp", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_DFP, 0)                        \
+  LINE(PPC_POWER6_EXT, power6ext, "power6x", PPC_FEATURE_POWER6_EXT, 0)        \
+  LINE(PPC_ARCH_2_06, arch206, "arch_2_06", PPC_FEATURE_ARCH_2_06, 0)          \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_VSX, vsx, "vsx", PPC_FEATURE_HAS_VSX, 0)                        \
+  LINE(PPC_PSERIES_PERFMON_COMPAT, pseries_perfmon_compat, "archpmu",          \
+       PPC_FEATURE_PSERIES_PERFMON_COMPAT, 0)                                  \
+  LINE(PPC_TRUE_LE, truele, "true_le", PPC_FEATURE_TRUE_LE, 0)                 \
+  LINE(PPC_PPC_LE, ppcle, "ppcle", PPC_FEATURE_PPC_LE, 0)                      \
+  LINE(PPC_ARCH_2_07, arch207, "arch_2_07", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_ARCH_2_07)         \
+  LINE(PPC_HTM, htm, "htm", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_HTM)                               \
+  LINE(PPC_DSCR, dscr, "dscr", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_DSCR)                           \
+  LINE(PPC_EBB, ebb, "ebb", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_EBB)                               \
+  LINE(PPC_ISEL, isel, "isel", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_ISEL)                           \
+  LINE(PPC_TAR, tar, "tar", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_TAR)                               \
+  LINE(PPC_VEC_CRYPTO, vcrypto, "vcrypto", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_VEC_CRYPTO)         \
+  LINE(PPC_HTM_NOSC, htm_nosc, "htm-nosc", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NOSC)           \
+  LINE(PPC_ARCH_3_00, arch300, "arch_3_00", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_ARCH_3_00)         \
+  LINE(PPC_HAS_IEEE128, ieee128, "ieee128", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_HAS_IEEE128)       \
+  LINE(PPC_DARN, darn, "darn", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_DARN)                           \
+  LINE(PPC_SCV, scv, "scv", 0, PPC_FEATURE2_SCV)                               \
+  LINE(PPC_HTM_NO_SUSPEND, htm_no_suspend, "htm-no-suspend", 0,                \
+       PPC_FEATURE2_HTM_NO_SUSPEND)
+#undef PPC // Remove conflict with compiler generated preprocessor
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX PPC
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX PPC
+#include "define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "internal/bit_utils.h"
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/hwcaps.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+static bool HandlePPCLine(const LineResult result,
+                          PPCPlatformStrings* const strings) {
+  StringView line = result.line;
+  StringView key, value;
+  if (CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(line, &key, &value)) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(key, "platform", ' ')) {
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(value, strings->platform,
+                                        sizeof(strings->platform));
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("model"))) {
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(value, strings->model,
+                                        sizeof(strings->platform));
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("machine"))) {
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(value, strings->machine,
+                                        sizeof(strings->platform));
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("cpu"))) {
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(value, strings->cpu,
+                                        sizeof(strings->platform));
+    }
+  }
+  return !result.eof;
+}
+
+static void FillProcCpuInfoData(PPCPlatformStrings* const strings) {
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (;;) {
+      if (!HandlePPCLine(StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader), strings)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+static const PPCInfo kEmptyPPCInfo;
+
+PPCInfo GetPPCInfo(void) {
+  /*
+   * On Power feature flags aren't currently in cpuinfo so we only look at
+   * the auxilary vector.
+   */
+  PPCInfo info = kEmptyPPCInfo;
+  const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps = CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < PPC_LAST_; ++i) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_IsHwCapsSet(kHardwareCapabilities[i], hwcaps)) {
+      kSetters[i](&info.features, true);
+    }
+  }
+  return info;
+}
+
+static const PPCPlatformStrings kEmptyPPCPlatformStrings;
+
+PPCPlatformStrings GetPPCPlatformStrings(void) {
+  PPCPlatformStrings strings = kEmptyPPCPlatformStrings;
+  const char* platform = CpuFeatures_GetPlatformPointer();
+  const char* base_platform = CpuFeatures_GetBasePlatformPointer();
+
+  FillProcCpuInfoData(&strings);
+
+  if (platform != NULL)
+    CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(str(platform), strings.type.platform,
+                                      sizeof(strings.type.platform));
+  if (base_platform != NULL)
+    CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(str(base_platform),
+                                      strings.type.base_platform,
+                                      sizeof(strings.type.base_platform));
+
+  return strings;
+}
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_PPC
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_riscv_linux.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_riscv_linux.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8abec6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_riscv_linux.c
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+// Copyright 2022 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX)
+
+#include "cpuinfo_riscv.h"
+
+// According to
+// https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/riscv/cpus.yaml
+// isa string should match the following regex
+// ^rv(?:64|32)imaf?d?q?c?b?v?k?h?(?:_[hsxz](?:[a-z])+)*$
+//
+// This means we can test for features in this exact order except for Z
+// extensions.
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                            \
+  LINE(RISCV_RV32I, RV32I, "rv32i", RISCV_HWCAP_32, 0) \
+  LINE(RISCV_RV64I, RV64I, "rv64i", RISCV_HWCAP_64, 0) \
+  LINE(RISCV_M, M, "m", RISCV_HWCAP_M, 0)              \
+  LINE(RISCV_A, A, "a", RISCV_HWCAP_A, 0)              \
+  LINE(RISCV_F, F, "f", RISCV_HWCAP_F, 0)              \
+  LINE(RISCV_D, D, "d", RISCV_HWCAP_D, 0)              \
+  LINE(RISCV_Q, Q, "q", RISCV_HWCAP_Q, 0)              \
+  LINE(RISCV_C, C, "c", RISCV_HWCAP_C, 0)              \
+  LINE(RISCV_V, V, "v", RISCV_HWCAP_V, 0)              \
+  LINE(RISCV_Zicsr, Zicsr, "_zicsr", 0, 0)             \
+  LINE(RISCV_Zifencei, Zifencei, "_zifencei", 0, 0)
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX Riscv
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX RISCV
+#include "define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+
+static const RiscvInfo kEmptyRiscvInfo;
+
+static void HandleRiscVIsaLine(StringView line, RiscvFeatures* const features) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < RISCV_LAST_; ++i) {
+    StringView flag = str(kCpuInfoFlags[i]);
+    int index_of_flag = CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOf(line, flag);
+    bool is_set = index_of_flag != -1;
+    kSetters[i](features, is_set);
+    if (is_set)
+      line = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(line, index_of_flag + flag.size);
+  }
+}
+
+static bool HandleRiscVLine(const LineResult result, RiscvInfo* const info) {
+  StringView line = result.line;
+  StringView key, value;
+  if (CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(line, &key, &value)) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("isa"))) {
+      HandleRiscVIsaLine(value, &info->features);
+    } else if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("uarch"))) {
+      int index = CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOfChar(value, ',');
+      if (index == -1) return true;
+      StringView vendor = CpuFeatures_StringView_KeepFront(value, index);
+      StringView uarch = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(value, index + 1);
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(vendor, info->vendor,
+                                        sizeof(info->vendor));
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(uarch, info->uarch,
+                                        sizeof(info->uarch));
+    }
+  }
+  return !result.eof;
+}
+
+static void FillProcCpuInfoData(RiscvInfo* const info) {
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (;;) {
+      if (!HandleRiscVLine(StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader), info)) break;
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+RiscvInfo GetRiscvInfo(void) {
+  RiscvInfo info = kEmptyRiscvInfo;
+  FillProcCpuInfoData(&info);
+  return info;
+}
+
+#endif  //  defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_s390x_linux.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_s390x_linux.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b8b865
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_s390x_linux.c
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+// Copyright 2022 IBM.
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_S390X
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX
+
+#include "cpuinfo_s390x.h"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                                                    \
+  LINE(S390_ESAN3, esan3, "esan3", HWCAP_S390_ESAN3, 0)                              \
+  LINE(S390_ZARCH, zarch, "zarch", HWCAP_S390_ZARCH, 0)                              \
+  LINE(S390_STFLE, stfle, "stfle", HWCAP_S390_STFLE, 0)                              \
+  LINE(S390_MSA, msa, "msa", HWCAP_S390_MSA, 0)                                      \
+  LINE(S390_LDISP, ldisp, "ldisp", HWCAP_S390_LDISP, 0)                              \
+  LINE(S390_EIMM, eimm, "eimm", HWCAP_S390_EIMM, 0)                                  \
+  LINE(S390_DFP, dfp, "dfp", HWCAP_S390_DFP, 0)                                      \
+  LINE(S390_EDAT, edat, "edat", HWCAP_S390_HPAGE, 0)                                 \
+  LINE(S390_ETF3EH, etf3eh, "etf3eh", HWCAP_S390_ETF3EH, 0)                          \
+  LINE(S390_HIGHGPRS, highgprs, "highgprs", HWCAP_S390_HIGH_GPRS, 0)                 \
+  LINE(S390_TE, te, "te", HWCAP_S390_TE, 0)                                          \
+  LINE(S390_VX, vx, "vx", HWCAP_S390_VXRS, 0)                                        \
+  LINE(S390_VXD, vxd, "vxd", HWCAP_S390_VXRS_BCD, 0)                                 \
+  LINE(S390_VXE, vxe, "vxe", HWCAP_S390_VXRS_EXT, 0)                                 \
+  LINE(S390_GS, gs, "gs", HWCAP_S390_GS, 0)                                          \
+  LINE(S390_VXE2, vxe2, "vxe2", HWCAP_S390_VXRS_EXT2, 0)                             \
+  LINE(S390_VXP, vxp, "vxp", HWCAP_S390_VXRS_PDE, 0)                                 \
+  LINE(S390_SORT, sort, "sort", HWCAP_S390_SORT, 0)                                  \
+  LINE(S390_DFLT, dflt, "dflt", HWCAP_S390_DFLT, 0)                                  \
+  LINE(S390_VXP2, vxp2, "vxp2", HWCAP_S390_VXRS_PDE2, 0)                             \
+  LINE(S390_NNPA, nnpa, "nnpa", HWCAP_S390_NNPA, 0)                                  \
+  LINE(S390_PCIMIO, pcimio, "pcimio", HWCAP_S390_PCI_MIO, 0)                         \
+  LINE(S390_SIE, sie, "sie", HWCAP_S390_SIE, 0)
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX S390X
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX S390X
+#include "define_introspection_and_hwcaps.inl"
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Implementation.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+#include "internal/bit_utils.h"
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/hwcaps.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+static bool HandleS390XLine(const LineResult result,
+                          S390XPlatformStrings* const strings) {
+  StringView line = result.line;
+  StringView key, value;
+  if (CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(line, &key, &value)) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("# processors"))) {
+        strings->num_processors = CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(value);
+    }
+  }
+  return !result.eof;
+}
+
+static void FillProcCpuInfoData(S390XPlatformStrings* const strings) {
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (;;) {
+      if (!HandleS390XLine(StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader), strings)) {
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+static const S390XInfo kEmptyS390XInfo;
+
+S390XInfo GetS390XInfo(void) {
+  S390XInfo info = kEmptyS390XInfo;
+  const HardwareCapabilities hwcaps = CpuFeatures_GetHardwareCapabilities();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < S390X_LAST_; ++i) {
+    if (CpuFeatures_IsHwCapsSet(kHardwareCapabilities[i], hwcaps)) {
+      kSetters[i](&info.features, true);
+    }
+  }
+  return info;
+}
+
+static const S390XPlatformStrings kEmptyS390XPlatformStrings;
+
+S390XPlatformStrings GetS390XPlatformStrings(void) {
+  S390XPlatformStrings strings = kEmptyS390XPlatformStrings;
+  const char* platform = CpuFeatures_GetPlatformPointer();
+
+  FillProcCpuInfoData(&strings);
+
+  if (platform != NULL)
+    CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(str(platform), strings.type.platform,
+                                      sizeof(strings.type.platform));
+
+  return strings;
+}
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_S390X
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86__base_implementation.inl b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86__base_implementation.inl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfff46c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86__base_implementation.inl
@@ -0,0 +1,2069 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+// Copyright 2020 Intel Corporation
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// A note on x86 SIMD instructions availability
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// A number of conditions need to be met for an application to use SIMD
+// instructions:
+// 1. The CPU itself must support the instruction.
+// - we use `CPUID` to check whether the feature is supported.
+// 2. The OS must save and restore the associated SIMD register across context
+//    switches, we check that:
+// - the CPU reports supporting hardware context switching instructions via
+//   CPUID.1:ECX.XSAVE[bit 26]
+// - the OS reports supporting hardware context switching instructions via
+//   CPUID.1:ECX.OSXSAVE[bit 27]
+// - the CPU extended control register 0 (XCR0) is set to save and restore the
+//   needed SIMD registers
+//
+// Note that if `XSAVE`/`OSXSAVE` are missing, we delegate the detection to the
+// OS via the `DetectFeaturesFromOs` function or via microarchitecture
+// heuristics.
+//
+// Encoding
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// X86Info contains fields such as vendor and brand_string that are ASCII
+// encoded strings. `vendor` length of characters is 13 and `brand_string` is 49
+// (with null terminated string). We use CPUID.1:E[D,C,B]X to get `vendor` and
+// CPUID.8000_000[4:2]:E[D,C,B,A]X to get `brand_string`
+//
+// Microarchitecture
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// `GetX86Microarchitecture` function consists of check on vendor via
+// `IsVendorByX86Info`. We use `CPUID(family, model)` to define the vendor's
+//  microarchitecture. In cases where the `family` and `model` is the same for
+//  several microarchitectures we do a stepping check or in the worst case we
+//  rely on parsing brand_string (see HasSecondFMA for an example). Details of
+//  identification by `brand_string` can be found by reference:
+//  https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/cascade_lake
+//  https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/processors/processor-numbers.html
+
+// CacheInfo X86
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// We use the CacheInfo struct to store information about cache levels. The
+// maximum number of levels is hardcoded but can be increased if needed. We have
+// full support of cache identification for the following processors:
+// • Intel:
+//    â—¦ modern processors:
+//        we use `ParseCacheInfo` function with `leaf_id` 0x00000004.
+//    â—¦ old processors:
+//        we parse descriptors via `GetCacheLevelInfo`, see Application Note
+//        485: Intel Processor Identification and CPUID Instruction.
+// • AMD:
+//    â—¦ modern processors:
+//        we use `ParseCacheInfo` function with `leaf_id` 0x8000001D.
+//    â—¦ old processors:
+//        we parse cache info using Fn8000_0005_E[A,B,C,D]X and
+//        Fn8000_0006_E[A,B,C,D]X. See AMD CPUID Specification:
+//        https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf.
+// • Hygon:
+//    we reuse AMD cache detection implementation.
+// • Zhaoxin:
+//    we reuse Intel cache detection implementation.
+//
+// Internal structures
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// We use internal structures such as `Leaves` and `OsPreserves` to cache the
+// result of cpuid info and support of registers, since latency of CPUID
+// instruction is around ~100 cycles, see
+// https://www.agner.org/optimize/instruction_tables.pdf. Hence, we use
+// `ReadLeaves` function for `GetX86Info`, `GetCacheInfo` and
+// `FillX86BrandString` to read leaves and hold these values to avoid redundant
+// call on the same leaf.
+
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "copy.inl"
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+#include "equals.inl"
+#include "internal/bit_utils.h"
+#include "internal/cpuid_x86.h"
+
+#if !defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+#error "Cannot compile cpuinfo_x86 on a non x86 platform."
+#endif
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for CpuId and GetXCR0Eax.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_X86)
+// Implementation will be provided by test/cpuinfo_x86_test.cc.
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_CLANG) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_GCC)
+
+#include <cpuid.h>
+
+Leaf GetCpuidLeaf(uint32_t leaf_id, int ecx) {
+  Leaf leaf;
+  __cpuid_count(leaf_id, ecx, leaf.eax, leaf.ebx, leaf.ecx, leaf.edx);
+  return leaf;
+}
+
+uint32_t GetXCR0Eax(void) {
+  uint32_t eax, edx;
+  /* named form of xgetbv not supported on OSX, so must use byte form, see:
+     https://github.com/asmjit/asmjit/issues/78
+   */
+  __asm(".byte 0x0F, 0x01, 0xd0" : "=a"(eax), "=d"(edx) : "c"(0));
+  return eax;
+}
+
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_COMPILER_MSC)
+
+#include <immintrin.h>
+#include <intrin.h>  // For __cpuidex()
+
+Leaf GetCpuidLeaf(uint32_t leaf_id, int ecx) {
+  Leaf leaf;
+  int data[4];
+  __cpuidex(data, leaf_id, ecx);
+  leaf.eax = data[0];
+  leaf.ebx = data[1];
+  leaf.ecx = data[2];
+  leaf.edx = data[3];
+  return leaf;
+}
+
+uint32_t GetXCR0Eax(void) { return (uint32_t)_xgetbv(0); }
+
+#else
+#error "Unsupported compiler, x86 cpuid requires either GCC, Clang or MSVC."
+#endif
+
+static const Leaf kEmptyLeaf;
+
+static Leaf SafeCpuIdEx(uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf, uint32_t leaf_id, int ecx) {
+  if (leaf_id <= max_cpuid_leaf) {
+    return GetCpuidLeaf(leaf_id, ecx);
+  } else {
+    return kEmptyLeaf;
+  }
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf;
+  Leaf leaf_0;    // Root
+  Leaf leaf_1;    // Family, Model, Stepping
+  Leaf leaf_2;    // Intel cache info + features
+  Leaf leaf_7;    // Features
+  Leaf leaf_7_1;  // Features
+  uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf_ext;
+  Leaf leaf_80000000;  // Root for extended leaves
+  Leaf leaf_80000001;  // AMD features features and cache
+  Leaf leaf_80000002;  // brand string
+  Leaf leaf_80000003;  // brand string
+  Leaf leaf_80000004;  // brand string
+  Leaf leaf_80000021;  // AMD Extended Feature Identification 2
+} Leaves;
+
+static Leaves ReadLeaves(void) {
+  const Leaf leaf_0 = GetCpuidLeaf(0, 0);
+  const uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf = leaf_0.eax;
+  const Leaf leaf_80000000 = GetCpuidLeaf(0x80000000, 0);
+  const uint32_t max_cpuid_leaf_ext = leaf_80000000.eax;
+  return (Leaves){
+      .max_cpuid_leaf = max_cpuid_leaf,
+      .leaf_0 = leaf_0,
+      .leaf_1 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000001, 0),
+      .leaf_2 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000002, 0),
+      .leaf_7 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000007, 0),
+      .leaf_7_1 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, 0x00000007, 1),
+      .max_cpuid_leaf_ext = max_cpuid_leaf_ext,
+      .leaf_80000000 = leaf_80000000,
+      .leaf_80000001 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000001, 0),
+      .leaf_80000002 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000002, 0),
+      .leaf_80000003 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000003, 0),
+      .leaf_80000004 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000004, 0),
+      .leaf_80000021 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x80000021, 0),
+  };
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// OS support
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define MASK_XMM 0x2
+#define MASK_YMM 0x4
+#define MASK_MASKREG 0x20
+#define MASK_ZMM0_15 0x40
+#define MASK_ZMM16_31 0x80
+#define MASK_XTILECFG 0x20000
+#define MASK_XTILEDATA 0x40000
+
+static bool HasMask(uint32_t value, uint32_t mask) {
+  return (value & mask) == mask;
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores xmm registers during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasXmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM);
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores ymm registers during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasYmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM | MASK_YMM);
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores zmm registers during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasZmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM | MASK_YMM | MASK_MASKREG | MASK_ZMM0_15 |
+                               MASK_ZMM16_31);
+}
+
+// Checks that operating system saves and restores AMX/TMUL state during context
+// switches.
+static bool HasTmmOsXSave(uint32_t xcr0_eax) {
+  return HasMask(xcr0_eax, MASK_XMM | MASK_YMM | MASK_MASKREG | MASK_ZMM0_15 |
+                               MASK_ZMM16_31 | MASK_XTILECFG | MASK_XTILEDATA);
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Vendor
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static void SetVendor(const Leaf leaf, char* const vendor) {
+  *(uint32_t*)(vendor) = leaf.ebx;
+  *(uint32_t*)(vendor + 4) = leaf.edx;
+  *(uint32_t*)(vendor + 8) = leaf.ecx;
+  vendor[12] = '\0';
+}
+
+static int IsVendor(const Leaf leaf, const char* const name) {
+  const uint32_t ebx = *(const uint32_t*)(name);
+  const uint32_t edx = *(const uint32_t*)(name + 4);
+  const uint32_t ecx = *(const uint32_t*)(name + 8);
+  return leaf.ebx == ebx && leaf.ecx == ecx && leaf.edx == edx;
+}
+
+static int IsVendorByX86Info(const X86Info* info, const char* const name) {
+  return equals(info->vendor, name, sizeof(info->vendor));
+}
+
+// TODO: Remove when deprecation period is over,
+void FillX86BrandString(char brand_string[49]) {
+  const Leaves leaves = ReadLeaves();
+  const Leaf packed[3] = {
+      leaves.leaf_80000002,
+      leaves.leaf_80000003,
+      leaves.leaf_80000004,
+  };
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+  _Static_assert(sizeof(packed) == 48, "Leaves must be packed");
+#endif
+  copy(brand_string, (const char*)(packed), 48);
+  brand_string[48] = '\0';
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CpuId
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static bool HasSecondFMA(const X86Info* info) {
+  // Skylake server
+  if (info->model == 0x55) {
+    // detect Xeon
+    if (info->brand_string[9] == 'X') {
+      // detect Silver or Bronze
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'S' || info->brand_string[17] == 'B')
+        return false;
+      // detect Gold 5_20 and below, except for Gold 53__
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'G' && info->brand_string[22] == '5')
+        return (
+            (info->brand_string[23] == '3') ||
+            (info->brand_string[24] == '2' && info->brand_string[25] == '2'));
+      // detect Xeon W 210x
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'W' && info->brand_string[21] == '0')
+        return false;
+      // detect Xeon D 2xxx
+      if (info->brand_string[17] == 'D' && info->brand_string[19] == '2' &&
+          info->brand_string[20] == '1')
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+  // Cannon Lake client
+  if (info->model == 0x66) return false;
+  // Ice Lake client
+  if (info->model == 0x7d || info->model == 0x7e) return false;
+  // This is the right default...
+  return true;
+}
+
+// Internal structure to hold the OS support for vector operations.
+// Avoid to recompute them since each call to cpuid is ~100 cycles.
+typedef struct {
+  bool sse_registers;
+  bool avx_registers;
+  bool avx512_registers;
+  bool amx_registers;
+} OsPreserves;
+
+// These two functions have to be implemented by the OS, that is the file
+// including this file.
+static void OverrideOsPreserves(OsPreserves* os_preserves);
+static void DetectFeaturesFromOs(X86Info* info, X86Features* features);
+
+// Reference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPUID.
+static void ParseCpuId(const Leaves* leaves, X86Info* info,
+                       OsPreserves* os_preserves) {
+  const Leaf leaf_1 = leaves->leaf_1;
+  const Leaf leaf_7 = leaves->leaf_7;
+  const Leaf leaf_7_1 = leaves->leaf_7_1;
+  const Leaf leaf_80000001 = leaves->leaf_80000001;
+
+  const bool have_xsave = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 26);
+  const bool have_osxsave = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 27);
+  const bool have_xcr0 = have_xsave && have_osxsave;
+
+  const uint32_t family = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 11, 8);
+  const uint32_t extended_family = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 27, 20);
+  const uint32_t model = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 7, 4);
+  const uint32_t extended_model = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 19, 16);
+
+  X86Features* const features = &info->features;
+
+  // Fill Family, Model and Stepping.
+  info->family = extended_family + family;
+  info->model = (extended_model << 4) + model;
+  info->stepping = ExtractBitRange(leaf_1.eax, 3, 0);
+
+  // Fill Brand String.
+  const Leaf packed[3] = {
+      leaves->leaf_80000002,
+      leaves->leaf_80000003,
+      leaves->leaf_80000004,
+  };
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+  _Static_assert(sizeof(packed) == 48, "Leaves must be packed");
+#endif
+  copy(info->brand_string, (const char*)(packed), 48);
+  info->brand_string[48] = '\0';
+
+  // Fill cpu features.
+  features->fpu = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 0);
+  features->tsc = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 4);
+  features->cx8 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 8);
+  features->clfsh = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 19);
+  features->mmx = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 23);
+  features->ss = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 27);
+  features->pclmulqdq = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 1);
+  features->smx = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 6);
+  features->cx16 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 13);
+  features->dca = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 18);
+  features->movbe = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 22);
+  features->popcnt = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 23);
+  features->aes = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 25);
+  features->f16c = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 29);
+  features->rdrnd = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 30);
+  features->sgx = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 2);
+  features->bmi1 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 3);
+  features->hle = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 4);
+  features->bmi2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 8);
+  features->erms = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 9);
+  features->rtm = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 11);
+  features->rdseed = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 18);
+  features->clflushopt = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 23);
+  features->clwb = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 24);
+  features->sha = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 29);
+  features->gfni = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 8);
+  features->vaes = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 9);
+  features->vpclmulqdq = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 10);
+  features->movdiri = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 27);
+  features->movdir64b = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 28);
+  features->fs_rep_mov = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 4);
+  features->fz_rep_movsb = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 10);
+  features->fs_rep_stosb = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 11);
+  features->fs_rep_cmpsb_scasb = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 12);
+  features->adx = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 19);
+  features->lzcnt = IsBitSet(leaf_80000001.ecx, 5);
+  features->lam = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 26);
+
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+  // The following section is devoted to Vector Extensions.
+  /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+  // CPU with AVX expose XCR0 which enables checking vector extensions OS
+  // support through cpuid.
+  if (have_xcr0) {
+    // Here we rely exclusively on cpuid for both CPU and OS support of vector
+    // extensions.
+    const uint32_t xcr0_eax = GetXCR0Eax();
+    os_preserves->sse_registers = HasXmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    os_preserves->avx_registers = HasYmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    os_preserves->avx512_registers = HasZmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    os_preserves->amx_registers = HasTmmOsXSave(xcr0_eax);
+    OverrideOsPreserves(os_preserves);
+
+    if (os_preserves->sse_registers) {
+      features->sse = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 25);
+      features->sse2 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.edx, 26);
+      features->sse3 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 0);
+      features->ssse3 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 9);
+      features->sse4_1 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 19);
+      features->sse4_2 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 20);
+    }
+    if (os_preserves->avx_registers) {
+      features->fma3 = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 12);
+      features->avx = IsBitSet(leaf_1.ecx, 28);
+      features->avx_vnni = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 4);
+      features->avx2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 5);
+    }
+    if (os_preserves->avx512_registers) {
+      features->avx512f = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 16);
+      features->avx512cd = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 28);
+      features->avx512er = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 27);
+      features->avx512pf = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 26);
+      features->avx512bw = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 30);
+      features->avx512dq = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 17);
+      features->avx512vl = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 31);
+      features->avx512ifma = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ebx, 21);
+      features->avx512vbmi = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 1);
+      features->avx512vbmi2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 6);
+      features->avx512vnni = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 11);
+      features->avx512bitalg = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 12);
+      features->avx512vpopcntdq = IsBitSet(leaf_7.ecx, 14);
+      features->avx512_4vnniw = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 2);
+      features->avx512_4vbmi2 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 3);
+      features->avx512_second_fma = HasSecondFMA(info);
+      features->avx512_4fmaps = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 3);
+      features->avx512_bf16 = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 5);
+      features->avx512_vp2intersect = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 8);
+      features->avx512_fp16 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 23);
+    }
+    if (os_preserves->amx_registers) {
+      features->amx_bf16 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 22);
+      features->amx_tile = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 24);
+      features->amx_int8 = IsBitSet(leaf_7.edx, 25);
+      features->amx_fp16 = IsBitSet(leaf_7_1.eax, 21);
+    }
+  } else {
+    // When XCR0 is not available (Atom based or older cpus) we need to defer to
+    // the OS via custom code.
+    DetectFeaturesFromOs(info, features);
+    // Now that we have queried the OS for SSE support, we report this back to
+    // os_preserves. This is needed in case of AMD CPU's to enable testing of
+    // sse4a (See ParseExtraAMDCpuId below).
+    if (features->sse) os_preserves->sse_registers = true;
+  }
+}
+
+static void ParseExtraAMDCpuId(const Leaves* leaves, X86Info* info,
+                               OsPreserves os_preserves) {
+  const Leaf leaf_80000001 = leaves->leaf_80000001;
+  const Leaf leaf_80000021 = leaves->leaf_80000021;
+
+  X86Features* const features = &info->features;
+
+  if (os_preserves.sse_registers) {
+    features->sse4a = IsBitSet(leaf_80000001.ecx, 6);
+  }
+
+  if (os_preserves.avx_registers) {
+    features->fma4 = IsBitSet(leaf_80000001.ecx, 16);
+  }
+
+  features->uai = IsBitSet(leaf_80000021.eax, 7);
+}
+
+static const X86Info kEmptyX86Info;
+static const OsPreserves kEmptyOsPreserves;
+
+X86Info GetX86Info(void) {
+  X86Info info = kEmptyX86Info;
+  const Leaves leaves = ReadLeaves();
+  const bool is_intel =
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_GENUINE_INTEL);
+  const bool is_amd =
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_AUTHENTIC_AMD);
+  const bool is_hygon =
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_HYGON_GENUINE);
+  const bool is_zhaoxin =
+      (IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_CENTAUR_HAULS) ||
+       IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_SHANGHAI));
+  SetVendor(leaves.leaf_0, info.vendor);
+  if (is_intel || is_amd || is_hygon || is_zhaoxin) {
+    OsPreserves os_preserves = kEmptyOsPreserves;
+    ParseCpuId(&leaves, &info, &os_preserves);
+    if (is_amd || is_hygon) {
+      ParseExtraAMDCpuId(&leaves, &info, os_preserves);
+    }
+  }
+  return info;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Microarchitecture
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define CPUID(FAMILY, MODEL) ((((FAMILY)&0xFF) << 8) | ((MODEL)&0xFF))
+
+X86Microarchitecture GetX86Microarchitecture(const X86Info* info) {
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_GENUINE_INTEL)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x03):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x05):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x07):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0x04, 0x09):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/80486
+        return INTEL_80486;
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x07):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x08):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/p5
+        return INTEL_P5;
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x09):
+      case CPUID(0x05, 0x0A):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/quark
+        return INTEL_LAKEMONT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1C):  // Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU 230 @ 1.60GHz
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x35):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x36):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x70):  // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/atom/230
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnell_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_ATOM_BNL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x37):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x4C):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvermont
+        return INTEL_ATOM_SMT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x5C):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldmont
+        return INTEL_ATOM_GMT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x7A):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/goldmont_plus
+        return INTEL_ATOM_GMT_PLUS;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x96):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9C):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/tremont
+        return INTEL_ATOM_TMT;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0E):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x16):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_Core_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_CORE;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x17):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1D):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penryn_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_PNR;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1E):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x1F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2E):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nehalem_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_NHM;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x25):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2C):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2F):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westmere_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_WSM;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x2D):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Bridge#Models_and_steppings
+        return INTEL_SNB;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3E):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)#Models_and_steppings
+        return INTEL_IVB;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3C):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x45):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x46):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haswell_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_HSW;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x3D):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x47):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x4F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x56):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadwell_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_BDW;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x4E):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x5E):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skylake_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_SKL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x55):
+        if (info->stepping >= 6 && info->stepping <= 7) {
+          // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascade_Lake_(microprocessor)
+          return INTEL_CCL;
+        }
+        return INTEL_SKL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x66):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon_Lake_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_CNL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x7D):  // client
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x7E):  // client
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9D):  // NNP-I
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x6A):  // server
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x6C):  // server
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Lake_(microprocessor)
+        return INTEL_ICL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8C):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8D):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_Lake_(microarchitecture)
+        return INTEL_TGL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8F):
+        // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapphire_Rapids
+        return INTEL_SPR;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x8E):
+        switch (info->stepping) {
+          case 9:
+            return INTEL_KBL;  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaby_Lake
+          case 10:
+            return INTEL_CFL;  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_Lake
+          case 11:
+            return INTEL_WHL;  // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiskey_Lake_(microarchitecture)
+          case 12:
+            return INTEL_CML;  // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/comet_lake
+          default:
+            return X86_UNKNOWN;
+        }
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9E):
+        if (info->stepping > 9) {
+          // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_Lake
+          return INTEL_CFL;
+        } else {
+          // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaby_Lake
+          return INTEL_KBL;
+        }
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x97):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x9A):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xBE):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/alder_lake
+        return INTEL_ADL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xA5):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xA6):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/comet_lake
+        return INTEL_CML;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xA7):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/rocket_lake
+        return INTEL_RCL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xB7):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xBA):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0xBF):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/raptor_lake
+        return INTEL_RPL;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x85):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_mill
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_M;
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x57):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_landing
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_L;
+      case CPUID(0x0B, 0x00):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_ferry
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_F;
+      case CPUID(0x0B, 0x01):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/knights_corner
+        return INTEL_KNIGHTS_C;
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x03):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x0F, 0x06):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/netburst
+        return INTEL_NETBURST;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_CENTAUR_HAULS)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x19):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/zhangjiang
+        return ZHAOXIN_ZHANGJIANG;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x1B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/wudaokou
+        return ZHAOXIN_WUDAOKOU;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x3B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/lujiazui
+        return ZHAOXIN_LUJIAZUI;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x5B):
+        return ZHAOXIN_YONGFENG;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_SHANGHAI)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0x06, 0x19):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/zhangjiang
+        return ZHAOXIN_ZHANGJIANG;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x1B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/wudaokou
+        return ZHAOXIN_WUDAOKOU;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x3B):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/zhaoxin/microarchitectures/lujiazui
+        return ZHAOXIN_LUJIAZUI;
+      case CPUID(0x07, 0x5B):
+        return ZHAOXIN_YONGFENG;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_AUTHENTIC_AMD)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/cpuid
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x05):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x07):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x0C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x0E):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x0F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x14):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x15):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x17):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x18):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x1B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x1C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x1F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x21):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x23):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x24):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x25):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x27):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x2B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x2C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x2F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x41):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x43):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x48):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x4B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x4C):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x4F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x5D):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x5F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x68):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x6B):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x6F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0x7F):
+      case CPUID(0xF, 0xC1):
+        return AMD_HAMMER;
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x04):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x05):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x06):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x09):
+      case CPUID(0x10, 0x0A):
+        return AMD_K10;
+      case CPUID(0x11, 0x03):
+        // http://developer.amd.com/wordpress/media/2012/10/41788.pdf
+        return AMD_K11;
+      case CPUID(0x12, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x12, 0x01):
+        // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/44739_12h_Rev_Gd.pdf
+        return AMD_K12;
+      case CPUID(0x14, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x14, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x14, 0x02):
+        // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/47534_14h_Mod_00h-0Fh_Rev_Guide.pdf
+        return AMD_BOBCAT;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x01):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/bulldozer
+        return AMD_BULLDOZER;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x02):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x10):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x11):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x13):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/piledriver
+        // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/48931_15h_Mod_10h-1Fh_Rev_Guide.pdf
+        return AMD_PILEDRIVER;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x30):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x38):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/steamroller
+        return AMD_STREAMROLLER;
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x60):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x65):
+      case CPUID(0x15, 0x70):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/excavator
+        return AMD_EXCAVATOR;
+      case CPUID(0x16, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x16, 0x26):
+        return AMD_JAGUAR;
+      case CPUID(0x16, 0x30):
+        return AMD_PUMA;
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x11):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x18):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x20):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen
+        return AMD_ZEN;
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x08):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen%2B
+        return AMD_ZEN_PLUS;
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x31):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x47):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x60):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x68):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x71):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x84):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x90):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0x98):
+      case CPUID(0x17, 0xA0):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen_2
+        return AMD_ZEN2;
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x01):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x08):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x21):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x30):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x40):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x44):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x50):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen_3
+        return AMD_ZEN3;
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x10):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x11):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x61):
+      case CPUID(0x19, 0x74):
+        // https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen_4
+        return AMD_ZEN4;
+      default:
+        return X86_UNKNOWN;
+    }
+  }
+  if (IsVendorByX86Info(info, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_HYGON_GENUINE)) {
+    switch (CPUID(info->family, info->model)) {
+      case CPUID(0x18, 0x00):
+      case CPUID(0x18, 0x01):
+        return AMD_ZEN;
+    }
+  }
+  return X86_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CacheInfo
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static const CacheLevelInfo kEmptyCacheLevelInfo;
+
+static CacheLevelInfo GetCacheLevelInfo(const uint32_t reg) {
+  const int UNDEF = -1;
+  const int KiB = 1024;
+  const int MiB = 1024 * KiB;
+  switch (reg) {
+    case 0x01:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x02:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 2,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x03:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x04:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x05:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x06:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x08:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x09:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 2,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 4,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x0E:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 24 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 6,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x1D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 2,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x21:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x22:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x23:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x24:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x25:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x29:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x2C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x30:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x40:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = UNDEF,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x41:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x42:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x43:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x44:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x45:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x46:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x47:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x48:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 3 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x49:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case (0x49 | (1 << 8)):
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 6 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 12 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4E:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 6 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x4F:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x50:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x51:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x52:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 256,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x55:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 7,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x56:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x57:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x59:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x5D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 256,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x60:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x61:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 48,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x63:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 4,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x66:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x67:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x68:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x70:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 12 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x71:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 16 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x72:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 1,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                              .cache_size = 32 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x76:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x78:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x79:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7A:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7B:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7C:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 2};
+    case 0x7D:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x7F:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 2,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x80:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x82:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 256 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x83:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x84:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x85:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x86:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 32,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0x87:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 2,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xA0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DTLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 0xFF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 32,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB3:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB4:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 256,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB5:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xB6:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 128,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xBA:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 64,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 8,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 1024,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DTLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 16,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xC3:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 6,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 1536,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xCA:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = 512,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 512 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 4,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD6:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD7:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xD8:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 8,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xDC:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 1 * 1536 * KiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xDD:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 3 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xDE:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 6 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 12,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xE2:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 2 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xE3:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 4 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xE4:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 8 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 16,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xEA:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 12 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xEB:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 18 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xEC:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = 3,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                              .cache_size = 24 * MiB,
+                              .ways = 24,
+                              .line_size = 64,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xF0:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_PREFETCH,
+                              .cache_size = 64 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xF1:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_PREFETCH,
+                              .cache_size = 128 * KiB,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    case 0xFF:
+      return (CacheLevelInfo){.level = UNDEF,
+                              .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_NULL,
+                              .cache_size = UNDEF,
+                              .ways = UNDEF,
+                              .line_size = UNDEF,
+                              .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                              .partitioning = 0};
+    default:
+      return kEmptyCacheLevelInfo;
+  }
+}
+
+// From https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/cpuid#tbl-3-12
+static void ParseLeaf2(const Leaves* leaves, CacheInfo* info) {
+  Leaf leaf = leaves->leaf_2;
+  // The least-significant byte in register EAX (register AL) will always return
+  // 01H. Software should ignore this value and not interpret it as an
+  // informational descriptor.
+  leaf.eax &= 0xFFFFFF00;  // Zeroing out AL. 0 is the empty descriptor.
+  // The most significant bit (bit 31) of each register indicates whether the
+  // register contains valid information (set to 0) or is reserved (set to 1).
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.eax, 31)) leaf.eax = 0;
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.ebx, 31)) leaf.ebx = 0;
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.ecx, 31)) leaf.ecx = 0;
+  if (IsBitSet(leaf.edx, 31)) leaf.edx = 0;
+
+  uint8_t data[16];
+#if __STDC_VERSION__ >= 201112L
+  _Static_assert(sizeof(Leaf) == sizeof(data), "Leaf must be 16 bytes");
+#endif
+  copy((char*)(data), (const char*)(&leaf), sizeof(data));
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(data); ++i) {
+    const uint8_t descriptor = data[i];
+    if (descriptor == 0) continue;
+    info->levels[info->size] = GetCacheLevelInfo(descriptor);
+    info->size++;
+  }
+}
+
+static const CacheInfo kEmptyCacheInfo;
+
+// For newer Intel CPUs uses "CPUID, eax=0x00000004".
+// https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/cpuid#input-eax-=-04h--returns-deterministic-cache-parameters-for-each-level
+// For newer AMD CPUs uses "CPUID, eax=0x8000001D"
+static void ParseCacheInfo(const int max_cpuid_leaf, uint32_t leaf_id,
+                           CacheInfo* old_info) {
+  CacheInfo info = kEmptyCacheInfo;
+  for (int index = 0; info.size < CPU_FEATURES_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL; ++index) {
+    const Leaf leaf = SafeCpuIdEx(max_cpuid_leaf, leaf_id, index);
+    int cache_type_field = ExtractBitRange(leaf.eax, 4, 0);
+    CacheType cache_type;
+    if (cache_type_field == 1)
+      cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA;
+    else if (cache_type_field == 2)
+      cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION;
+    else if (cache_type_field == 3)
+      cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED;
+    else
+      // Intel Processor Identification and the CPUID Instruction Application
+      // Note 485 page 37 Table 5-10. Deterministic Cache Parameters.
+      // We skip cache parsing in case null of cache type or cache type in the
+      // range of 4-31 according to documentation.
+      break;
+    int level = ExtractBitRange(leaf.eax, 7, 5);
+    int line_size = ExtractBitRange(leaf.ebx, 11, 0) + 1;
+    int partitioning = ExtractBitRange(leaf.ebx, 21, 12) + 1;
+    int ways = ExtractBitRange(leaf.ebx, 31, 22) + 1;
+    int tlb_entries = leaf.ecx + 1;
+    int cache_size = ways * partitioning * line_size * tlb_entries;
+    info.levels[info.size] = (CacheLevelInfo){.level = level,
+                                              .cache_type = cache_type,
+                                              .cache_size = cache_size,
+                                              .ways = ways,
+                                              .line_size = line_size,
+                                              .tlb_entries = tlb_entries,
+                                              .partitioning = partitioning};
+    ++info.size;
+  }
+  // Override CacheInfo if we successfully extracted Deterministic Cache
+  // Parameters.
+  if (info.size > 0) *old_info = info;
+}
+
+typedef struct {
+  int level;
+  int cache_id;
+  CacheType cache_type;
+} CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD;
+
+static int GetWaysLegacyAMD(int cache_level, const uint32_t cache_id) {
+  // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 23
+  // CPUID.8000_0005_ECX[23:16] L1 data cache associativity.
+  // CPUID.8000_0005_EDX[23:16] L1 instruction cache associativity.
+  if (cache_level == 1) {
+    return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 23, 16);
+  }
+  // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 24
+  // See Table 4: L2/L3 Cache and TLB Associativity Field Definition.
+  // CPUID.8000_0006_ECX[15:12] L2 cache associativity.
+  // CPUID.8000_0006_EDX[15:12] L3 cache associativity.
+  const int ways = ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 15, 12);
+  switch (ways) {
+    case 0x0:
+    case 0x1:
+    case 0x2:
+    case 0x4:
+      return ways;
+    case 0x6:
+      return 8;
+    case 0x8:
+      return 16;
+    case 0xA:
+      return 32;
+    case 0xB:
+      return 48;
+    case 0xC:
+      return 64;
+    case 0xD:
+      return 96;
+    case 0xE:
+      return 128;
+    case 0xF:
+      return 255;
+    default:
+      return -1;  // Reserved
+  }
+}
+
+static int GetCacheSizeLegacyAMD(int cache_level, const uint32_t cache_id) {
+  switch (cache_level) {
+    case 1:
+      // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 23
+      // CPUID.8000_0005_ECX[31:24] L1 data cache size in KB.
+      // CPUID.8000_0005_EDX[31:24] L1 instruction cache size KB.
+      return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 31, 24);
+    case 2:
+      // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 25
+      // CPUID.8000_0006_ECX[31:16] L2 cache size in KB.
+      return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 31, 16);
+    case 3:
+      // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf page 25
+      // CPUID.8000_0006_EDX[31:18] L3 cache size.
+      // Specifies the L3 cache size is within the following range:
+      // (L3Size[31:18] * 512KB) <= L3 cache size < ((L3Size[31:18]+1) * 512KB).
+      return ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 31, 18) * 512;
+    default:
+      return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+#define LEGACY_AMD_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL 4
+
+// https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf
+// CPUID Fn8000_0005_E[A,B,C,D]X, Fn8000_0006_E[A,B,C,D]X - TLB and Cache info
+static void ParseCacheInfoLegacyAMD(const uint32_t max_ext, CacheInfo* info) {
+  const Leaf cache_tlb_leaf1 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_ext, 0x80000005, 0);
+  const Leaf cache_tlb_leaf2 = SafeCpuIdEx(max_ext, 0x80000006, 0);
+
+  const CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD legacy_cache_info[LEGACY_AMD_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL] =
+      {(CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf1.ecx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA,
+                                 .level = 1},
+       (CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf1.edx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION,
+                                 .level = 1},
+       (CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf2.ecx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED,
+                                 .level = 2},
+       (CacheLevelInfoLegacyAMD){.cache_id = cache_tlb_leaf2.edx,
+                                 .cache_type = CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED,
+                                 .level = 3}};
+
+  const int KiB = 1024;
+  const int UNDEF = -1;
+  for (int i = 0; i < LEGACY_AMD_MAX_CACHE_LEVEL; ++i) {
+    const int level = legacy_cache_info[i].level;
+    const int cache_id = legacy_cache_info[i].cache_id;
+    const CacheType cache_type = legacy_cache_info[i].cache_type;
+    const int cache_size = GetCacheSizeLegacyAMD(level, cache_id);
+    if (cache_size == 0) break;
+    info->levels[i] =
+        (CacheLevelInfo){.level = level,
+                         .cache_type = cache_type,
+                         .cache_size = cache_size * KiB,
+                         .ways = GetWaysLegacyAMD(level, cache_id),
+                         .line_size = ExtractBitRange(cache_id, 7, 0),
+                         .tlb_entries = UNDEF,
+                         .partitioning = UNDEF};
+    ++info->size;
+  }
+}
+
+CacheInfo GetX86CacheInfo(void) {
+  CacheInfo info = kEmptyCacheInfo;
+  const Leaves leaves = ReadLeaves();
+  if (IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_GENUINE_INTEL) ||
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_CENTAUR_HAULS) ||
+      IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_SHANGHAI)) {
+    ParseLeaf2(&leaves, &info);
+    ParseCacheInfo(leaves.max_cpuid_leaf, 4, &info);
+  } else if (IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_AUTHENTIC_AMD) ||
+             IsVendor(leaves.leaf_0, CPU_FEATURES_VENDOR_HYGON_GENUINE)) {
+    // If CPUID Fn8000_0001_ECX[TopologyExtensions]==0
+    // then CPUID Fn8000_0001_E[D,C,B,A]X is reserved.
+    // https://www.amd.com/system/files/TechDocs/25481.pdf
+    if (IsBitSet(leaves.leaf_80000001.ecx, 22)) {
+      ParseCacheInfo(leaves.max_cpuid_leaf_ext, 0x8000001D, &info);
+    } else {
+      ParseCacheInfoLegacyAMD(leaves.max_cpuid_leaf_ext, &info);
+    }
+  }
+  return info;
+}
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Definitions for introspection.
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#define INTROSPECTION_TABLE                                \
+  LINE(X86_FPU, fpu, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_TSC, tsc, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_CX8, cx8, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_CLFSH, clfsh, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_MMX, mmx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_AES, aes, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_ERMS, erms, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_F16C, f16c, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_FMA4, fma4, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_FMA3, fma3, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_VAES, vaes, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_VPCLMULQDQ, vpclmulqdq, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_BMI1, bmi1, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_HLE, hle, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_BMI2, bmi2, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_RTM, rtm, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_RDSEED, rdseed, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_CLFLUSHOPT, clflushopt, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_CLWB, clwb, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SSE, sse, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_SSE2, sse2, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SSE3, sse3, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SSSE3, ssse3, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_SSE4_1, sse4_1, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_SSE4_2, sse4_2, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_SSE4A, sse4a, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX, avx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_AVX_VNNI, avx_vnni, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX2, avx2, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512F, avx512f, , , )                         \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512CD, avx512cd, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512ER, avx512er, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512PF, avx512pf, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512BW, avx512bw, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512DQ, avx512dq, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VL, avx512vl, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512IFMA, avx512ifma, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VBMI, avx512vbmi, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VBMI2, avx512vbmi2, , , )                 \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VNNI, avx512vnni, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512BITALG, avx512bitalg, , , )               \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512VPOPCNTDQ, avx512vpopcntdq, , , )         \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_4VNNIW, avx512_4vnniw, , , )             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_4VBMI2, avx512_4vbmi2, , , )             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_SECOND_FMA, avx512_second_fma, , , )     \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_4FMAPS, avx512_4fmaps, , , )             \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_BF16, avx512_bf16, , , )                 \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_VP2INTERSECT, avx512_vp2intersect, , , ) \
+  LINE(X86_AVX512_FP16, avx512_fp16, , , )                 \
+  LINE(X86_AMX_BF16, amx_bf16, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AMX_TILE, amx_tile, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AMX_INT8, amx_int8, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_AMX_FP16, amx_fp16, , , )                       \
+  LINE(X86_PCLMULQDQ, pclmulqdq, , , )                     \
+  LINE(X86_SMX, smx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_SGX, sgx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_CX16, cx16, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_SHA, sha, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_POPCNT, popcnt, , , )                           \
+  LINE(X86_MOVBE, movbe, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_RDRND, rdrnd, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_DCA, dca, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_SS, ss, , , )                                   \
+  LINE(X86_ADX, adx, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_LZCNT, lzcnt, , , )                             \
+  LINE(X86_GFNI, gfni, , , )                               \
+  LINE(X86_MOVDIRI, movdiri, , , )                         \
+  LINE(X86_MOVDIR64B, movdir64b, , , )                     \
+  LINE(X86_FS_REP_MOV, fs_rep_mov, , , )                   \
+  LINE(X86_FZ_REP_MOVSB, fz_rep_movsb, , , )               \
+  LINE(X86_FS_REP_STOSB, fs_rep_stosb, , , )               \
+  LINE(X86_FS_REP_CMPSB_SCASB, fs_rep_cmpsb_scasb, , , )   \
+  LINE(X86_LAM, lam, , , )                                 \
+  LINE(X86_UAI, uai, , , )
+#define INTROSPECTION_PREFIX X86
+#define INTROSPECTION_ENUM_PREFIX X86
+#include "define_introspection.inl"
+
+#define X86_MICROARCHITECTURE_NAMES \
+  LINE(X86_UNKNOWN)                 \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_ZHANGJIANG)          \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_WUDAOKOU)            \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_LUJIAZUI)            \
+  LINE(ZHAOXIN_YONGFENG)            \
+  LINE(INTEL_80486)                 \
+  LINE(INTEL_P5)                    \
+  LINE(INTEL_LAKEMONT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_CORE)                  \
+  LINE(INTEL_PNR)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_NHM)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_BNL)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_WSM)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_SNB)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_IVB)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_SMT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_HSW)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_BDW)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_SKL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CCL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_GMT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_GMT_PLUS)         \
+  LINE(INTEL_ATOM_TMT)              \
+  LINE(INTEL_KBL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CFL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_WHL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CML)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_CNL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ICL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_TGL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_SPR)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_ADL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_RCL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_RPL)                   \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_M)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_L)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_F)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_KNIGHTS_C)             \
+  LINE(INTEL_NETBURST)              \
+  LINE(AMD_HAMMER)                  \
+  LINE(AMD_K10)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_K11)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_K12)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_BOBCAT)                  \
+  LINE(AMD_PILEDRIVER)              \
+  LINE(AMD_STREAMROLLER)            \
+  LINE(AMD_EXCAVATOR)               \
+  LINE(AMD_BULLDOZER)               \
+  LINE(AMD_JAGUAR)                  \
+  LINE(AMD_PUMA)                    \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN)                     \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN_PLUS)                \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN2)                    \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN3)                    \
+  LINE(AMD_ZEN4)
+
+const char* GetX86MicroarchitectureName(X86Microarchitecture value) {
+#define LINE(ENUM) [ENUM] = STRINGIZE(ENUM),
+  static const char* kMicroarchitectureNames[] = {X86_MICROARCHITECTURE_NAMES};
+#undef LINE
+  if (value >= X86_MICROARCHITECTURE_LAST_) return "unknown microarchitecture";
+  return kMicroarchitectureNames[value];
+}
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_freebsd.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_freebsd.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba6c6e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_freebsd.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_OS_FREEBSD
+
+#include "impl_x86__base_implementation.inl"
+
+static void OverrideOsPreserves(OsPreserves* os_preserves) {
+  (void)os_preserves;
+  // No override
+}
+
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+static void DetectFeaturesFromOs(X86Info* info, X86Features* features) {
+  (void)info;
+  // Handling FreeBSD platform through parsing /var/run/dmesg.boot.
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/var/run/dmesg.boot");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (bool stop = false; !stop;) {
+      const LineResult result = StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader);
+      if (result.eof) stop = true;
+      const StringView line = result.line;
+      if (!CpuFeatures_StringView_StartsWith(line, str("  Features"))) continue;
+      // Lines of interests are of the following form:
+      // "  Features=0x1783fbff<PSE36,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,HTT>"
+      // We first extract the comma separated values between angle brackets.
+      StringView csv = result.line;
+      int index = CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOfChar(csv, '<');
+      if (index >= 0) csv = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(csv, index + 1);
+      if (csv.size > 0 && CpuFeatures_StringView_Back(csv) == '>')
+        csv = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopBack(csv, 1);
+      if (CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(csv, "SSE", ',')) features->sse = true;
+      if (CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(csv, "SSE2", ','))
+        features->sse2 = true;
+      if (CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(csv, "SSE3", ','))
+        features->sse3 = true;
+      if (CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(csv, "SSSE3", ','))
+        features->ssse3 = true;
+      if (CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(csv, "SSE4.1", ','))
+        features->sse4_1 = true;
+      if (CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(csv, "SSE4.2", ','))
+        features->sse4_2 = true;
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_OS_FREEBSD
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_linux_or_android.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_linux_or_android.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4d07f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_linux_or_android.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+
+#include "impl_x86__base_implementation.inl"
+
+static void OverrideOsPreserves(OsPreserves* os_preserves) {
+  (void)os_preserves;
+  // No override
+}
+
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+static void DetectFeaturesFromOs(X86Info* info, X86Features* features) {
+  (void)info;
+  // Handling Linux platform through /proc/cpuinfo.
+  const int fd = CpuFeatures_OpenFile("/proc/cpuinfo");
+  if (fd >= 0) {
+    StackLineReader reader;
+    StackLineReader_Initialize(&reader, fd);
+    for (bool stop = false; !stop;) {
+      const LineResult result = StackLineReader_NextLine(&reader);
+      if (result.eof) stop = true;
+      const StringView line = result.line;
+      StringView key, value;
+      if (!CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(line, &key, &value))
+        continue;
+      if (!CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(key, str("flags"))) continue;
+      features->sse = CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(value, "sse", ' ');
+      features->sse2 = CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(value, "sse2", ' ');
+      features->sse3 = CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(value, "pni", ' ');
+      features->ssse3 = CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(value, "ssse3", ' ');
+      features->sse4_1 = CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(value, "sse4_1", ' ');
+      features->sse4_2 = CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(value, "sse4_2", ' ');
+      break;
+    }
+    CpuFeatures_CloseFile(fd);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif  // defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_LINUX) || defined(CPU_FEATURES_OS_ANDROID)
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_macos.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_macos.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5a5c35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_macos.c
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_OS_MACOS
+
+#include "impl_x86__base_implementation.inl"
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_SYSCTLBYNAME)
+#error "Darwin needs support for sysctlbyname"
+#endif
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_X86)
+extern bool GetDarwinSysCtlByName(const char*);
+#else  // CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_X86
+static bool GetDarwinSysCtlByName(const char* name) {
+  int enabled;
+  size_t enabled_len = sizeof(enabled);
+  const int failure = sysctlbyname(name, &enabled, &enabled_len, NULL, 0);
+  return failure ? false : enabled;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void OverrideOsPreserves(OsPreserves* os_preserves) {
+  // On Darwin AVX512 support is On-demand.
+  // We have to query the OS instead of querying the Zmm save/restore state.
+  // https://github.com/apple/darwin-xnu/blob/8f02f2a044b9bb1ad951987ef5bab20ec9486310/osfmk/i386/fpu.c#L173-L199
+  os_preserves->avx512_registers = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.avx512f");
+}
+
+static void DetectFeaturesFromOs(X86Info* info, X86Features* features) {
+  (void)info;
+  // Handling Darwin platform through sysctlbyname.
+  features->sse = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.sse");
+  features->sse2 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.sse2");
+  features->sse3 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.sse3");
+  features->ssse3 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.supplementalsse3");
+  features->sse4_1 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.sse4_1");
+  features->sse4_2 = GetDarwinSysCtlByName("hw.optional.sse4_2");
+}
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_OS_MACOS
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_windows.c b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_windows.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a82823
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/impl_x86_windows.c
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
+#ifdef CPU_FEATURES_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#include "impl_x86__base_implementation.inl"
+
+static void OverrideOsPreserves(OsPreserves* os_preserves) {
+  (void)os_preserves;
+  // No override
+}
+
+#include "internal/windows_utils.h"
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_X86)
+extern bool GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(DWORD);
+#else  // CPU_FEATURES_MOCK_CPUID_X86
+static bool GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(DWORD ProcessorFeature) {
+  return IsProcessorFeaturePresent(ProcessorFeature);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void DetectFeaturesFromOs(X86Info* info, X86Features* features) {
+  // Handling Windows platform through IsProcessorFeaturePresent.
+  // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/processthreadsapi/nf-processthreadsapi-isprocessorfeaturepresent
+  features->sse =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_XMMI_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  features->sse2 =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_XMMI64_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  features->sse3 =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_SSE3_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  features->ssse3 =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_SSSE3_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  features->sse4_1 =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_SSE4_1_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+  features->sse4_2 =
+      GetWindowsIsProcessorFeaturePresent(PF_SSE4_2_INSTRUCTIONS_AVAILABLE);
+
+// do not bother checking PF_AVX*
+// cause AVX enabled processor will have XCR0 be exposed and this function will be skipped at all
+}
+
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_OS_WINDOWS
+#endif  // CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/stack_line_reader.c b/external/cpu_features/src/stack_line_reader.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ffc778d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/stack_line_reader.c
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "internal/stack_line_reader.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "internal/filesystem.h"
+
+void StackLineReader_Initialize(StackLineReader* reader, int fd) {
+  reader->view.ptr = reader->buffer;
+  reader->view.size = 0;
+  reader->skip_mode = false;
+  reader->fd = fd;
+}
+
+// Replaces the content of buffer with bytes from the file.
+static int LoadFullBuffer(StackLineReader* reader) {
+  const int read = CpuFeatures_ReadFile(reader->fd, reader->buffer,
+                                        STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE);
+  assert(read >= 0);
+  reader->view.ptr = reader->buffer;
+  reader->view.size = read;
+  return read;
+}
+
+// Appends with bytes from the file to buffer, filling the remaining space.
+static int LoadMore(StackLineReader* reader) {
+  char* const ptr = reader->buffer + reader->view.size;
+  const size_t size_to_read = STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE - reader->view.size;
+  const int read = CpuFeatures_ReadFile(reader->fd, ptr, size_to_read);
+  assert(read >= 0);
+  assert(read <= (int)size_to_read);
+  reader->view.size += read;
+  return read;
+}
+
+static int IndexOfEol(StackLineReader* reader) {
+  return CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOfChar(reader->view, '\n');
+}
+
+// Relocate buffer's pending bytes at the beginning of the array and fills the
+// remaining space with bytes from the file.
+static int BringToFrontAndLoadMore(StackLineReader* reader) {
+  if (reader->view.size && reader->view.ptr != reader->buffer) {
+    memmove(reader->buffer, reader->view.ptr, reader->view.size);
+  }
+  reader->view.ptr = reader->buffer;
+  return LoadMore(reader);
+}
+
+// Loads chunks of buffer size from disks until it contains a newline character
+// or end of file.
+static void SkipToNextLine(StackLineReader* reader) {
+  for (;;) {
+    const int read = LoadFullBuffer(reader);
+    if (read == 0) {
+      break;
+    } else {
+      const int eol_index = IndexOfEol(reader);
+      if (eol_index >= 0) {
+        reader->view =
+            CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(reader->view, eol_index + 1);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static LineResult CreateLineResult(bool eof, bool full_line, StringView view) {
+  LineResult result;
+  result.eof = eof;
+  result.full_line = full_line;
+  result.line = view;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Helper methods to provide clearer semantic in StackLineReader_NextLine.
+static LineResult CreateEOFLineResult(StringView view) {
+  return CreateLineResult(true, true, view);
+}
+
+static LineResult CreateTruncatedLineResult(StringView view) {
+  return CreateLineResult(false, false, view);
+}
+
+static LineResult CreateValidLineResult(StringView view) {
+  return CreateLineResult(false, true, view);
+}
+
+LineResult StackLineReader_NextLine(StackLineReader* reader) {
+  if (reader->skip_mode) {
+    SkipToNextLine(reader);
+    reader->skip_mode = false;
+  }
+  {
+    const bool can_load_more =
+        reader->view.size < STACK_LINE_READER_BUFFER_SIZE;
+    int eol_index = IndexOfEol(reader);
+    if (eol_index < 0 && can_load_more) {
+      const int read = BringToFrontAndLoadMore(reader);
+      if (read == 0) {
+        return CreateEOFLineResult(reader->view);
+      }
+      eol_index = IndexOfEol(reader);
+    }
+    if (eol_index < 0) {
+      reader->skip_mode = true;
+      return CreateTruncatedLineResult(reader->view);
+    }
+    {
+      StringView line =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_KeepFront(reader->view, eol_index);
+      reader->view =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(reader->view, eol_index + 1);
+      return CreateValidLineResult(line);
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/string_view.c b/external/cpu_features/src/string_view.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cac9da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/string_view.c
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "internal/string_view.h"
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+#include "copy.inl"
+#include "equals.inl"
+
+static const char* CpuFeatures_memchr(const char* const ptr, const size_t size,
+                                      const char c) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; ptr && ptr[i] != '\0' && i < size; ++i)
+    if (ptr[i] == c) return ptr + i;
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+int CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOfChar(const StringView view, char c) {
+  if (view.ptr && view.size) {
+    const char* const found = CpuFeatures_memchr(view.ptr, view.size, c);
+    if (found) {
+      return (int)(found - view.ptr);
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+int CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOf(const StringView view,
+                                   const StringView sub_view) {
+  if (sub_view.size) {
+    StringView remainder = view;
+    while (remainder.size >= sub_view.size) {
+      const int found_index =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOfChar(remainder, sub_view.ptr[0]);
+      if (found_index < 0) break;
+      remainder = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(remainder, found_index);
+      if (CpuFeatures_StringView_StartsWith(remainder, sub_view)) {
+        return (int)(remainder.ptr - view.ptr);
+      }
+      remainder = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(remainder, 1);
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_IsEquals(const StringView a, const StringView b) {
+  if (a.size == b.size) {
+    return a.ptr == b.ptr || equals(a.ptr, b.ptr, b.size);
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_StartsWith(const StringView a, const StringView b) {
+  return a.ptr && b.ptr && b.size && a.size >= b.size
+             ? equals(a.ptr, b.ptr, b.size)
+             : false;
+}
+
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(const StringView str_view,
+                                           size_t count) {
+  if (count > str_view.size) {
+    return kEmptyStringView;
+  }
+  return view(str_view.ptr + count, str_view.size - count);
+}
+
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_PopBack(const StringView str_view,
+                                          size_t count) {
+  if (count > str_view.size) {
+    return kEmptyStringView;
+  }
+  return view(str_view.ptr, str_view.size - count);
+}
+
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_KeepFront(const StringView str_view,
+                                            size_t count) {
+  return count <= str_view.size ? view(str_view.ptr, count) : str_view;
+}
+
+char CpuFeatures_StringView_Front(const StringView view) {
+  assert(view.size);
+  assert(view.ptr);
+  return view.ptr[0];
+}
+
+char CpuFeatures_StringView_Back(const StringView view) {
+  assert(view.size);
+  return view.ptr[view.size - 1];
+}
+
+StringView CpuFeatures_StringView_TrimWhitespace(StringView view) {
+  while (view.size && isspace(CpuFeatures_StringView_Front(view)))
+    view = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(view, 1);
+  while (view.size && isspace(CpuFeatures_StringView_Back(view)))
+    view = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopBack(view, 1);
+  return view;
+}
+
+static int HexValue(const char c) {
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') return c - '0';
+  if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') return c - 'a' + 10;
+  if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') return c - 'A' + 10;
+  return -1;
+}
+
+// Returns -1 if view contains non digits.
+static int ParsePositiveNumberWithBase(const StringView view, int base) {
+  int result = 0;
+  StringView remainder = view;
+  for (; remainder.size;
+       remainder = CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(remainder, 1)) {
+    const int value = HexValue(CpuFeatures_StringView_Front(remainder));
+    if (value < 0 || value >= base) return -1;
+    result = (result * base) + value;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+int CpuFeatures_StringView_ParsePositiveNumber(const StringView view) {
+  if (view.size) {
+    const StringView hex_prefix = str("0x");
+    if (CpuFeatures_StringView_StartsWith(view, hex_prefix)) {
+      const StringView span_no_prefix =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(view, hex_prefix.size);
+      return ParsePositiveNumberWithBase(span_no_prefix, 16);
+    }
+    return ParsePositiveNumberWithBase(view, 10);
+  }
+  return -1;
+}
+
+void CpuFeatures_StringView_CopyString(const StringView src, char* dst,
+                                       size_t dst_size) {
+  if (dst_size > 0) {
+    const size_t max_copy_size = dst_size - 1;
+    const size_t copy_size =
+        src.size > max_copy_size ? max_copy_size : src.size;
+    copy(dst, src.ptr, copy_size);
+    dst[copy_size] = '\0';
+  }
+}
+
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_HasWord(const StringView line,
+                                    const char* const word_str,
+                                    const char separator) {
+  const StringView word = str(word_str);
+  StringView remainder = line;
+  for (;;) {
+    const int index_of_word = CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOf(remainder, word);
+    if (index_of_word < 0) {
+      return false;
+    } else {
+      const StringView before =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_KeepFront(line, index_of_word);
+      const StringView after =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(line, index_of_word + word.size);
+      const bool valid_before =
+          before.size == 0 || CpuFeatures_StringView_Back(before) == separator;
+      const bool valid_after =
+          after.size == 0 || CpuFeatures_StringView_Front(after) == separator;
+      if (valid_before && valid_after) return true;
+      remainder =
+          CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(remainder, index_of_word + word.size);
+    }
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool CpuFeatures_StringView_GetAttributeKeyValue(const StringView line,
+                                                 StringView* key,
+                                                 StringView* value) {
+  const StringView sep = str(": ");
+  const int index_of_separator = CpuFeatures_StringView_IndexOf(line, sep);
+  if (index_of_separator < 0) return false;
+  *value = CpuFeatures_StringView_TrimWhitespace(
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_PopFront(line, index_of_separator + sep.size));
+  *key = CpuFeatures_StringView_TrimWhitespace(
+      CpuFeatures_StringView_KeepFront(line, index_of_separator));
+  return true;
+}
diff --git a/external/cpu_features/src/utils/list_cpu_features.c b/external/cpu_features/src/utils/list_cpu_features.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83cd387
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/cpu_features/src/utils/list_cpu_features.c
@@ -0,0 +1,470 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+// This program dumps current host data to the standard output.
+// Output can be text or json if the `--json` flag is passed.
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "cpu_features_macros.h"
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM)
+#include "cpuinfo_arm.h"
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64)
+#include "cpuinfo_aarch64.h"
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS)
+#include "cpuinfo_mips.h"
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_PPC)
+#include "cpuinfo_ppc.h"
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_S390X)
+#include "cpuinfo_s390x.h"
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV)
+#include "cpuinfo_riscv.h"
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_LOONGARCH)
+#include "cpuinfo_loongarch.h"
+#endif
+
+// Design principles
+// -----------------
+// We build a tree structure containing all the data to be displayed.
+// Then depending on the output type (text or json) we walk the tree and display
+// the data accordingly.
+
+// We use a bump allocator to allocate strings and nodes of the tree,
+// Memory is not intended to be reclaimed.
+typedef struct {
+  char* ptr;
+  size_t size;
+} BumpAllocator;
+
+char gGlobalBuffer[64 * 1024];
+BumpAllocator gBumpAllocator = {.ptr = gGlobalBuffer,
+                                .size = sizeof(gGlobalBuffer)};
+
+static void internal_error(void) {
+  fputs("internal error\n", stderr);
+  exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define ALIGN 8
+
+static void assertAligned(void) {
+  if ((uintptr_t)(gBumpAllocator.ptr) % ALIGN) internal_error();
+}
+
+static void BA_Align(void) {
+  while (gBumpAllocator.size && (uintptr_t)(gBumpAllocator.ptr) % ALIGN) {
+    --gBumpAllocator.size;
+    ++gBumpAllocator.ptr;
+  }
+  assertAligned();
+}
+
+// Update the available memory left in the BumpAllocator.
+static void* BA_Bump(size_t size) {
+  assertAligned();
+  // Align size to next 8B boundary.
+  size = (size + ALIGN - 1) / ALIGN * ALIGN;
+  if (gBumpAllocator.size < size) internal_error();
+  void* ptr = gBumpAllocator.ptr;
+  gBumpAllocator.size -= size;
+  gBumpAllocator.ptr += size;
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+// The type of the nodes in the tree.
+typedef enum {
+  NT_INVALID,
+  NT_INT,
+  NT_MAP,
+  NT_MAP_ENTRY,
+  NT_ARRAY,
+  NT_ARRAY_ELEMENT,
+  NT_STRING,
+} NodeType;
+
+// The node in the tree.
+typedef struct Node {
+  NodeType type;
+  unsigned integer;
+  const char* string;
+  struct Node* value;
+  struct Node* next;
+} Node;
+
+// Creates an initialized Node.
+static Node* BA_CreateNode(NodeType type) {
+  Node* tv = (Node*)BA_Bump(sizeof(Node));
+  assert(tv);
+  *tv = (Node){.type = type};
+  return tv;
+}
+
+// Adds an integer node.
+static Node* CreateInt(int value) {
+  Node* tv = BA_CreateNode(NT_INT);
+  tv->integer = value;
+  return tv;
+}
+
+// Adds a string node.
+// `value` must outlive the tree.
+static Node* CreateConstantString(const char* value) {
+  Node* tv = BA_CreateNode(NT_STRING);
+  tv->string = value;
+  return tv;
+}
+
+// Adds a map node.
+static Node* CreateMap(void) { return BA_CreateNode(NT_MAP); }
+
+// Adds an array node.
+static Node* CreateArray(void) { return BA_CreateNode(NT_ARRAY); }
+
+// Adds a formatted string node.
+static Node* CreatePrintfString(const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list arglist;
+  va_start(arglist, format);
+  char* const ptr = gBumpAllocator.ptr;
+  const int written = vsnprintf(ptr, gBumpAllocator.size, format, arglist);
+  va_end(arglist);
+  if (written < 0 || written >= (int)gBumpAllocator.size) internal_error();
+  return CreateConstantString((char*)BA_Bump(written));
+}
+
+// Adds a string node.
+static Node* CreateString(const char* value) {
+  return CreatePrintfString("%s", value);
+}
+
+// Adds a map entry node.
+static void AddMapEntry(Node* map, const char* key, Node* value) {
+  assert(map && map->type == NT_MAP);
+  Node* current = map;
+  while (current->next) current = current->next;
+  current->next = (Node*)BA_Bump(sizeof(Node));
+  *current->next = (Node){.type = NT_MAP_ENTRY, .string = key, .value = value};
+}
+
+// Adds an array element node.
+static void AddArrayElement(Node* array, Node* value) {
+  assert(array && array->type == NT_ARRAY);
+  Node* current = array;
+  while (current->next) current = current->next;
+  current->next = (Node*)BA_Bump(sizeof(Node));
+  *current->next = (Node){.type = NT_ARRAY_ELEMENT, .value = value};
+}
+
+static int cmp(const void* p1, const void* p2) {
+  return strcmp(*(const char* const*)p1, *(const char* const*)p2);
+}
+
+#define DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(HasFeature, FeatureName, FeatureType, LastEnum) \
+  static void AddFlags(Node* map, const FeatureType* features) {         \
+    size_t i;                                                            \
+    const char* ptrs[LastEnum] = {0};                                    \
+    size_t count = 0;                                                    \
+    for (i = 0; i < LastEnum; ++i) {                                     \
+      if (HasFeature(features, i)) {                                     \
+        ptrs[count] = FeatureName(i);                                    \
+        ++count;                                                         \
+      }                                                                  \
+    }                                                                    \
+    qsort((void*)ptrs, count, sizeof(char*), cmp);                       \
+    Node* const array = CreateArray();                                   \
+    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i)                                          \
+      AddArrayElement(array, CreateConstantString(ptrs[i]));             \
+    AddMapEntry(map, "flags", array);                                    \
+  }
+
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetX86FeaturesEnumValue, GetX86FeaturesEnumName, X86Features,
+                 X86_LAST_)
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetArmFeaturesEnumValue, GetArmFeaturesEnumName, ArmFeatures,
+                 ARM_LAST_)
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetAarch64FeaturesEnumValue, GetAarch64FeaturesEnumName,
+                 Aarch64Features, AARCH64_LAST_)
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetMipsFeaturesEnumValue, GetMipsFeaturesEnumName,
+                 MipsFeatures, MIPS_LAST_)
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_PPC)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetPPCFeaturesEnumValue, GetPPCFeaturesEnumName, PPCFeatures,
+                 PPC_LAST_)
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_S390X)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetS390XFeaturesEnumValue, GetS390XFeaturesEnumName, S390XFeatures,
+                 S390X_LAST_)
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetRiscvFeaturesEnumValue, GetRiscvFeaturesEnumName, RiscvFeatures,
+                 RISCV_LAST_)
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_LOONGARCH)
+DEFINE_ADD_FLAGS(GetLoongArchFeaturesEnumValue, GetLoongArchFeaturesEnumName, LoongArchFeatures,
+                 LOONGARCH_LAST_)
+#endif
+
+// Prints a json string with characters escaping.
+static void printJsonString(const char* str) {
+  putchar('"');
+  for (; str && *str; ++str) {
+    switch (*str) {
+      case '\"':
+      case '\\':
+      case '/':
+      case '\b':
+      case '\f':
+      case '\n':
+      case '\r':
+      case '\t':
+        putchar('\\');
+    }
+    putchar(*str);
+  }
+  putchar('"');
+}
+
+// Walks a Node and print it as json.
+static void printJson(const Node* current) {
+  assert(current);
+  switch (current->type) {
+    case NT_INVALID:
+      break;
+    case NT_INT:
+      printf("%d", current->integer);
+      break;
+    case NT_STRING:
+      printJsonString(current->string);
+      break;
+    case NT_ARRAY:
+      putchar('[');
+      if (current->next) printJson(current->next);
+      putchar(']');
+      break;
+    case NT_MAP:
+      putchar('{');
+      if (current->next) printJson(current->next);
+      putchar('}');
+      break;
+    case NT_MAP_ENTRY:
+      printf("\"%s\":", current->string);
+      printJson(current->value);
+      if (current->next) {
+        putchar(',');
+        printJson(current->next);
+      }
+      break;
+    case NT_ARRAY_ELEMENT:
+      printJson(current->value);
+      if (current->next) {
+        putchar(',');
+        printJson(current->next);
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Walks a Node and print it as text.
+static void printTextField(const Node* current) {
+  switch (current->type) {
+    case NT_INVALID:
+      break;
+    case NT_INT:
+      printf("%3d (0x%02X)", current->integer, current->integer);
+      break;
+    case NT_STRING:
+      fputs(current->string, stdout);
+      break;
+    case NT_ARRAY:
+      if (current->next) printTextField(current->next);
+      break;
+    case NT_MAP:
+      if (current->next) {
+        printf("{");
+        printJson(current->next);
+        printf("}");
+      }
+      break;
+    case NT_MAP_ENTRY:
+      printf("%-15s : ", current->string);
+      printTextField(current->value);
+      if (current->next) {
+        putchar('\n');
+        printTextField(current->next);
+      }
+      break;
+    case NT_ARRAY_ELEMENT:
+      printTextField(current->value);
+      if (current->next) {
+        putchar(',');
+        printTextField(current->next);
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+static void printTextRoot(const Node* current) {
+  if (current->type == NT_MAP && current->next) printTextField(current->next);
+}
+
+static void showUsage(const char* name) {
+  printf(
+      "\n"
+      "Usage: %s [options]\n"
+      "      Options:\n"
+      "      -h | --help     Show help message.\n"
+      "      -j | --json     Format output as json instead of plain text.\n"
+      "\n",
+      name);
+}
+
+static Node* GetCacheTypeString(CacheType cache_type) {
+  switch (cache_type) {
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_NULL:
+      return CreateConstantString("null");
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DATA:
+      return CreateConstantString("data");
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_INSTRUCTION:
+      return CreateConstantString("instruction");
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_UNIFIED:
+      return CreateConstantString("unified");
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_TLB:
+      return CreateConstantString("tlb");
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_DTLB:
+      return CreateConstantString("dtlb");
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_STLB:
+      return CreateConstantString("stlb");
+    case CPU_FEATURE_CACHE_PREFETCH:
+      return CreateConstantString("prefetch");
+  }
+  CPU_FEATURES_UNREACHABLE();
+}
+
+static void AddCacheInfo(Node* root, const CacheInfo* cache_info) {
+  Node* array = CreateArray();
+  for (int i = 0; i < cache_info->size; ++i) {
+    CacheLevelInfo info = cache_info->levels[i];
+    Node* map = CreateMap();
+    AddMapEntry(map, "level", CreateInt(info.level));
+    AddMapEntry(map, "cache_type", GetCacheTypeString(info.cache_type));
+    AddMapEntry(map, "cache_size", CreateInt(info.cache_size));
+    AddMapEntry(map, "ways", CreateInt(info.ways));
+    AddMapEntry(map, "line_size", CreateInt(info.line_size));
+    AddMapEntry(map, "tlb_entries", CreateInt(info.tlb_entries));
+    AddMapEntry(map, "partitioning", CreateInt(info.partitioning));
+    AddArrayElement(array, map);
+  }
+  AddMapEntry(root, "cache_info", array);
+}
+
+static Node* CreateTree(void) {
+  Node* root = CreateMap();
+#if defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_X86)
+  const X86Info info = GetX86Info();
+  const CacheInfo cache_info = GetX86CacheInfo();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("x86"));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "brand", CreateString(info.brand_string));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "family", CreateInt(info.family));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "model", CreateInt(info.model));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "stepping", CreateInt(info.stepping));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "uarch",
+              CreateString(
+                  GetX86MicroarchitectureName(GetX86Microarchitecture(&info))));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features);
+  AddCacheInfo(root, &cache_info);
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_ARM)
+  const ArmInfo info = GetArmInfo();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("ARM"));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "implementer", CreateInt(info.implementer));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "architecture", CreateInt(info.architecture));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "variant", CreateInt(info.variant));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "part", CreateInt(info.part));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "revision", CreateInt(info.revision));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features);
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_AARCH64)
+  const Aarch64Info info = GetAarch64Info();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("aarch64"));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "implementer", CreateInt(info.implementer));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "variant", CreateInt(info.variant));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "part", CreateInt(info.part));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "revision", CreateInt(info.revision));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features);
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_MIPS)
+  const MipsInfo info = GetMipsInfo();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("mips"));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features);
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_PPC)
+  const PPCInfo info = GetPPCInfo();
+  const PPCPlatformStrings strings = GetPPCPlatformStrings();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("ppc"));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "platform", CreateString(strings.platform));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "model", CreateString(strings.model));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "machine", CreateString(strings.machine));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "cpu", CreateString(strings.cpu));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "instruction", CreateString(strings.type.platform));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "microarchitecture",
+              CreateString(strings.type.base_platform));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features);
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_S390X)
+  const S390XInfo info = GetS390XInfo();
+  const S390XPlatformStrings strings = GetS390XPlatformStrings();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("s390x"));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "platform", CreateString("zSeries"));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "model", CreateString(strings.type.platform));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "# processors", CreateInt(strings.num_processors));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features);
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_RISCV)
+  const RiscvInfo info = GetRiscvInfo();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("risc-v"));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "vendor", CreateString(info.vendor));
+  AddMapEntry(root, "microarchitecture", CreateString(info.uarch));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features); 
+#elif defined(CPU_FEATURES_ARCH_LOONGARCH)
+  const LoongArchInfo info = GetLoongArchInfo();
+  AddMapEntry(root, "arch", CreateString("loongarch"));
+  AddFlags(root, &info.features); 
+#endif
+  return root;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  BA_Align();
+  const Node* const root = CreateTree();
+  bool outputJson = false;
+  int i = 1;
+  for (; i < argc; ++i) {
+    const char* arg = argv[i];
+    if (strcmp(arg, "-j") == 0 || strcmp(arg, "--json") == 0) {
+      outputJson = true;
+    } else {
+      showUsage(argv[0]);
+      if (strcmp(arg, "-h") == 0 || strcmp(arg, "--help") == 0)
+        return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+      return EXIT_FAILURE;
+    }
+  }
+  if (outputJson)
+    printJson(root);
+  else
+    printTextRoot(root);
+  putchar('\n');
+  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/.clang-format b/external/discord-rpc/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cceb2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+---
+AccessModifierOffset: -4
+AlignAfterOpenBracket: true
+AlignConsecutiveAssignments: false
+AlignConsecutiveDeclarations: false
+AlignEscapedNewlines: Left
+AlignOperands: false
+AlignTrailingComments: true
+AllowAllParametersOfDeclarationOnNextLine: false
+AllowShortBlocksOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortCaseLabelsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortFunctionsOnASingleLine: InlineOnly
+AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: false
+AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
+AlwaysBreakAfterReturnType: None
+AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: false
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: true
+BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackParameters: false
+BreakBeforeBinaryOperators: None
+BreakBeforeBraces: Stroustrup
+BreakBeforeInheritanceComma: true
+BreakBeforeTernaryOperators: true
+BreakConstructorInitializers: BeforeComma
+BreakStringLiterals: true
+ColumnLimit: 100
+CommentPragmas: ''
+CompactNamespaces: false
+ConstructorInitializerAllOnOneLineOrOnePerLine: false
+ConstructorInitializerIndentWidth: 2
+ContinuationIndentWidth: 2
+Cpp11BracedListStyle: true
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
+DisableFormat: false
+FixNamespaceComments: true
+ForEachMacros: []
+IndentCaseLabels: false
+IncludeCategories:
+  - Regex: '^("|<)stdafx\.h(pp)?("|>)'
+    Priority: -1
+  - Regex: '^<(W|w)indows.h>'
+    Priority: 1
+  - Regex: '^<'
+    Priority: 2
+  - Regex: '.*'
+    Priority: 3
+IncludeIsMainRegex: '(_test|_win|_linux|_mac|_ios|_osx|_null)?$'
+IndentWidth: 4
+IndentWrappedFunctionNames: false
+KeepEmptyLinesAtTheStartOfBlocks: false
+MacroBlockBegin: ''
+MacroBlockEnd: ''
+MaxEmptyLinesToKeep: 1
+NamespaceIndentation: None
+PenaltyBreakAssignment: 0
+PenaltyBreakBeforeFirstCallParameter: 1
+PenaltyBreakComment: 300
+PenaltyBreakFirstLessLess: 120
+PenaltyBreakString: 1000
+PenaltyExcessCharacter: 1000000
+PenaltyReturnTypeOnItsOwnLine: 9999999
+PointerAlignment: Left
+ReflowComments: true
+SortIncludes: false
+SortUsingDeclarations: true
+SpaceAfterCStyleCast: false
+SpaceAfterTemplateKeyword: true
+SpaceBeforeAssignmentOperators: true
+SpaceBeforeParens: ControlStatements
+SpaceInEmptyParentheses: false
+SpacesBeforeTrailingComments: 1
+SpacesInAngles: false
+SpacesInCStyleCastParentheses: false
+SpacesInContainerLiterals: true
+SpacesInParentheses: false
+SpacesInSquareBrackets: false
+Standard: Cpp11
+TabWidth: 4
+UseTab: Never
+---
+Language: Cpp
+---
+Language: ObjC
+ObjCBlockIndentWidth: 4
+ObjCSpaceAfterProperty: true
+ObjCSpaceBeforeProtocolList: false
+---
+Language: Java
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+BreakAfterJavaFieldAnnotations: true
+...
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/.gitignore b/external/discord-rpc/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..223c07d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+/build*/
+/.vscode/
+/thirdparty/
+.vs/
+.DS_Store
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/.travis.yml b/external/discord-rpc/.travis.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42cc09d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/.travis.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+language: cpp
+
+env:
+  global:
+    - CLANG_FORMAT_SUFFIX="-dummy" # don't use formatting on Travis, this is
+                                   # needed not to use default 3.5 version
+                                   # which is too old.
+
+matrix:
+  include:
+    - os: linux
+      env: MATRIX_EVAL="CC=gcc-5 && CXX=g++-5"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          sources:
+            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
+          packages:
+            - g++-5
+    - os: linux
+      env: MATRIX_EVAL="CC=clang-4.0 && CXX=clang++-4.0"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          sources:
+            - llvm-toolchain-trusty-4.0
+          packages:
+            - clang-4.0
+    - os: linux
+      env: MATRIX_EVAL="CC=clang-5.0 && CXX=clang++-5.0"
+      addons:
+        apt:
+          sources:
+            - llvm-toolchain-trusty-5.0
+          packages:
+            - clang-5.0
+    - os: osx
+      osx_image: xcode9
+
+# prevent Travis from overwriting our CXX variables
+before_install:
+    - eval "${MATRIX_EVAL}"
+    - echo $CXX
+
+script:
+    - mkdir build
+    - cd build
+    - cmake -DCLANG_FORMAT_SUFFIX=$CLANG_FORMAT_SUFFIX -DWARNINGS_AS_ERRORS=On --config Release ..
+    - cmake --build . -- -j2
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/CMakeLists.txt b/external/discord-rpc/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eafc69c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.2.0)
+project (DiscordRPC)
+
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+
+option(BUILD_EXAMPLES "Build example apps" ON)
+
+# format
+file(GLOB_RECURSE ALL_SOURCE_FILES
+    examples/*.cpp examples/*.h examples/*.c
+    include/*.h
+    src/*.cpp src/*.h src/*.c
+)
+
+# Set CLANG_FORMAT_SUFFIX if you are using custom clang-format, e.g. clang-format-5.0
+find_program(CLANG_FORMAT_CMD clang-format${CLANG_FORMAT_SUFFIX})
+
+if (CLANG_FORMAT_CMD)
+    add_custom_target(
+        clangformat
+        COMMAND ${CLANG_FORMAT_CMD}
+        -i -style=file -fallback-style=none
+        ${ALL_SOURCE_FILES}
+        DEPENDS
+        ${ALL_SOURCE_FILES}
+    )
+endif(CLANG_FORMAT_CMD)
+
+# add subdirs
+add_subdirectory(src)
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/LICENSE b/external/discord-rpc/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17fca3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+Copyright 2017 Discord, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/README.md b/external/discord-rpc/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2925db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Discord RPC
+
+> This library has been deprecated in favor of Discord's GameSDK. [Learn more here](https://discordapp.com/developers/docs/game-sdk/sdk-starter-guide)
+
+This is a library for interfacing your game with a locally running Discord desktop client. It's known to work on Windows, macOS, and Linux. You can use the lib directly if you like, or use it as a guide to writing your own if it doesn't suit your game as is. PRs/feedback welcome if you have an improvement everyone might want, or can describe how this doesn't meet your needs.
+
+Included here are some quick demos that implement the very minimal subset to show current status, and
+have callbacks for where a more complete game would do more things (joining, spectating, etc).
+
+## Documentation
+
+The most up to date documentation for Rich Presence can always be found on our [developer site](https://discordapp.com/developers/docs/rich-presence/how-to)! If you're interested in rolling your own native implementation of Rich Presence via IPC sockets instead of using our SDK—hey, you've got free time, right?—check out the ["Hard Mode" documentation](https://github.com/discordapp/discord-rpc/blob/master/documentation/hard-mode.md).
+
+## Basic Usage
+
+Zeroith, you should be set up to build things because you are a game developer, right?
+
+First, head on over to the [Discord developers site](https://discordapp.com/developers/applications/me) and make yourself an app. Keep track of `Client ID` -- you'll need it here to pass to the init function.
+
+### Unreal Engine 4 Setup
+
+To use the Rich Presense plugin with Unreal Engine Projects:
+
+1.  Download the latest [release](https://github.com/discordapp/discord-rpc/releases) for each operating system you are targeting and the zipped source code
+2.  In the source code zip, copy the UE plugin—`examples/unrealstatus/Plugins/discordrpc`—to your project's plugin directory
+3.  At `[YOUR_UE_PROJECT]/Plugins/discordrpc/source/ThirdParty/DiscordRpcLibrary/`, create an `Include` folder and copy `discord_rpc.h` and `discord_register.h` to it from the zip
+4.  Follow the steps below for each OS
+5.  Build your UE4 project
+6.  Launch the editor, and enable the Discord plugin.
+
+#### Windows
+
+- At `[YOUR_UE_PROJECT]/Plugins/discordrpc/source/ThirdParty/DiscordRpcLibrary/`, create a `Win64` folder
+- Copy `lib/discord-rpc.lib` and `bin/discord-rpc.dll` from `[RELEASE_ZIP]/win64-dynamic` to the `Win64` folder
+
+#### Mac
+
+- At `[YOUR_UE_PROJECT]/Plugins/discordrpc/source/ThirdParty/DiscordRpcLibrary/`, create a `Mac` folder
+- Copy `libdiscord-rpc.dylib` from `[RELEASE_ZIP]/osx-dynamic/lib` to the `Mac` folder
+
+#### Linux
+
+- At `[YOUR_UE_PROJECT]/Plugins/discordrpc/source/ThirdParty/DiscordRpcLibrary/`, create a `Linux` folder
+- Inside, create another folder `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`
+- Copy `libdiscord-rpc.so` from `[RELEASE_ZIP]/linux-dynamic/lib` to `Linux/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`
+
+### Unity Setup
+
+If you're a Unity developer looking to integrate Rich Presence into your game, follow this simple guide to get started towards success:
+
+1. Download the DLLs for any platform that you need from [our releases](https://github.com/discordapp/discord-rpc/releases)
+2. In your Unity project, create a `Plugins` folder inside your `Assets` folder if you don't already have one
+3. Copy the file `DiscordRpc.cs` from [here](https://github.com/discordapp/discord-rpc/blob/master/examples/button-clicker/Assets/DiscordRpc.cs) into your `Assets` folder. This is basically your header file for the SDK
+
+We've got our `Plugins` folder ready, so let's get platform-specific!
+
+#### Windows
+
+4. Create `x86` and `x86_64` folders inside `Assets/Plugins/`
+5. Copy `discord-rpc-win/win64-dynamic/bin/discord-rpc.dll` to `Assets/Plugins/x86_64/`
+6. Copy `discord-rpc-win/win32-dynamic/bin/discord-rpc.dll` to `Assets/Plugins/x86/`
+7. Click on both DLLs and make sure they are targetting the correct architectures in the Unity editor properties pane
+8. Done!
+
+#### MacOS
+
+4. Copy `discord-rpc-osx/osx-dynamic/lib/libdiscord-rpc.dylib` to `Assets/Plugins/`
+5. Rename `libdiscord-rpc.dylib` to `discord-rpc.bundle`
+6. Done!
+
+#### Linux
+
+4. Copy `discord-rpc-linux/linux-dynamic-lib/libdiscord-rpc.so` to `Assets/Plugins/`
+5. Done!
+
+You're ready to roll! For code examples on how to interact with the SDK using the `DiscordRpc.cs` header file, check out [our example](https://github.com/discordapp/discord-rpc/blob/master/examples/button-clicker/Assets/DiscordController.cs)
+
+### From package
+
+Download a release package for your platform(s) -- they have subdirs with various prebuilt options, select the one you need add `/include` to your compile includes, `/lib` to your linker paths, and link with `discord-rpc`. For the dynamically linked builds, you'll need to ship the associated file along with your game.
+
+### From repo
+
+First-eth, you'll want `CMake`. There's a few different ways to install it on your system, and you should refer to [their website](https://cmake.org/install/). Many package managers provide ways of installing CMake as well.
+
+To make sure it's installed correctly, type `cmake --version` into your flavor of terminal/cmd. If you get a response with a version number, you're good to go!
+
+There's a [CMake](https://cmake.org/download/) file that should be able to generate the lib for you; Sometimes I use it like this:
+
+```sh
+    cd <path to discord-rpc>
+    mkdir build
+    cd build
+    cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=<path to install discord-rpc to>
+    cmake --build . --config Release --target install
+```
+
+There is a wrapper build script `build.py` that runs `cmake` with a few different options.
+
+Usually, I run `build.py` to get things started, then use the generated project files as I work on things. It does depend on `click` library, so do a quick `pip install click` to make sure you have it if you want to run `build.py`.
+
+There are some CMake options you might care about:
+
+| flag                                                                                     | default | does                                                                                                                                                  |
+| ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| `ENABLE_IO_THREAD`                                                                       | `ON`    | When enabled, we start up a thread to do io processing, if disabled you should call `Discord_UpdateConnection` yourself.                              |
+| `USE_STATIC_CRT`                                                                         | `OFF`   | (Windows) Enable to statically link the CRT, avoiding requiring users install the redistributable package. (The prebuilt binaries enable this option) |
+| [`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS`](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.7/variable/BUILD_SHARED_LIBS.html) | `OFF`   | Build library as a DLL                                                                                                                                |
+| `WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS`                                                                     | `OFF`   | When enabled, compiles with `-Werror` (on \*nix platforms).                                                                                           |
+
+## Continuous Builds
+
+Why do we have three of these? Three times the fun!
+
+| CI                   | badge                                                                                                                                            |
+| -------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
+| TravisCI             | [![Build status](https://travis-ci.org/discordapp/discord-rpc.svg?branch=master)](https://travis-ci.org/discordapp/discord-rpc)                  |
+| AppVeyor             | [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/qvkoc0w1c4f4b8tj?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/crmarsh/discord-rpc)    |
+| Buildkite (internal) | [![Build status](https://badge.buildkite.com/e103d79d247f6776605a15246352a04b8fd83d69211b836111.svg)](https://buildkite.com/discord/discord-rpc) |
+
+## Sample: send-presence
+
+This is a text adventure "game" that inits/deinits the connection to Discord, and sends a presence update on each command.
+
+## Sample: button-clicker
+
+This is a sample [Unity](https://unity3d.com/) project that wraps a DLL version of the library, and sends presence updates when you click on a button. Run `python build.py unity` in the root directory to build the correct library files and place them in their respective folders.
+
+## Sample: unrealstatus
+
+This is a sample [Unreal](https://www.unrealengine.com) project that wraps the DLL version of the library with an Unreal plugin, exposes a blueprint class for interacting with it, and uses that to make a very simple UI. Run `python build.py unreal` in the root directory to build the correct library files and place them in their respective folders.
+
+## Wrappers and Implementations
+
+Below is a table of unofficial, community-developed wrappers for and implementations of Rich Presence in various languages. If you would like to have yours added, please make a pull request adding your repository to the table. The repository should include:
+
+- The code
+- A brief ReadMe of how to use it
+- A working example
+
+###### Rich Presence Wrappers and Implementations
+
+| Name                                                                      | Language                          |
+| ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------- |
+| [Discord RPC C#](https://github.com/Lachee/discord-rpc-csharp)            | C#                                |
+| [Discord RPC D](https://github.com/voidblaster/discord-rpc-d)             | [D](https://dlang.org/)           |
+| [discord-rpc.jar](https://github.com/Vatuu/discord-rpc 'Discord-RPC.jar') | Java                              |
+| [java-discord-rpc](https://github.com/MinnDevelopment/java-discord-rpc)   | Java                              |
+| [Discord-IPC](https://github.com/jagrosh/DiscordIPC)                      | Java                              |
+| [Discord Rich Presence](https://npmjs.org/discord-rich-presence)          | JavaScript                        |
+| [drpc4k](https://github.com/Bluexin/drpc4k)                               | [Kotlin](https://kotlinlang.org/) |
+| [lua-discordRPC](https://github.com/pfirsich/lua-discordRPC)              | LuaJIT (FFI)                      |
+| [pypresence](https://github.com/qwertyquerty/pypresence)                  | [Python](https://python.org/)     |
+| [SwordRPC](https://github.com/Azoy/SwordRPC)                              | [Swift](https://swift.org)        |
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/appveyor.yml b/external/discord-rpc/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c328b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+version: '{build}'
+install:
+  - python -m pip install click
+
+build_script:
+  - mkdir examples\unrealstatus\Plugins\discordrpc\Binaries\ThirdParty\discordrpcLibrary\Win64
+  - python build.py
+
+artifacts:
+- path: builds\install\win32-dynamic
+  name: win32-dynamic
+- path: builds\install\win32-static
+  name: win32-static
+- path: builds\install\win64-dynamic
+  name: win64-dynamic
+- path: builds\install\win64-static
+  name: win64-static
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/build.py b/external/discord-rpc/build.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..215d358
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/build.py
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import sys
+import shutil
+import zipfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+import click
+
+
+def get_platform():
+    """ a name for the platform """
+    if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+        return 'win'
+    elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        return 'osx'
+    elif sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+        return 'linux'
+    raise Exception('Unsupported platform ' + sys.platform)
+
+
+SCRIPT_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+# we use Buildkite which sets this env variable by default
+IS_BUILD_MACHINE = os.environ.get('CI', '') == 'true'
+PLATFORM = get_platform()
+INSTALL_ROOT = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'install')
+
+
+def get_signtool():
+    """ get path to code signing tool """
+    if PLATFORM == 'win':
+        sdk_dir = 'c:\\Program Files (x86)\\Windows Kits\\10'  # os.environ['WindowsSdkDir']
+        return os.path.join(sdk_dir, 'bin', 'x86', 'signtool.exe')
+    elif PLATFORM == 'osx':
+        return '/usr/bin/codesign'
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def cd(new_dir):
+    """ Temporarily change current directory """
+    if new_dir:
+        old_dir = os.getcwd()
+        os.chdir(new_dir)
+    yield
+    if new_dir:
+        os.chdir(old_dir)
+
+
+def mkdir_p(path):
+    """ mkdir -p """
+    if not os.path.isdir(path):
+        click.secho('Making ' + path, fg='yellow')
+        os.makedirs(path)
+
+
+@click.group(invoke_without_command=True)
+@click.pass_context
+@click.option('--clean', is_flag=True)
+def cli(ctx, clean):
+    """ click wrapper for command line stuff """
+    if ctx.invoked_subcommand is None:
+        ctx.invoke(libs, clean=clean)
+        if IS_BUILD_MACHINE:
+            ctx.invoke(sign)
+        ctx.invoke(archive)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+def unity(ctx):
+    """ build just dynamic libs for use in unity project """
+    ctx.invoke(libs, clean=False, static=False, shared=True, skip_formatter=True, just_release=True)
+    BUILDS = []
+
+    click.echo('--- Copying libs and header into unity example')
+    UNITY_PROJECT_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'examples', 'button-clicker', 'Assets', 'Plugins')
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+        LIBRARY_NAME = 'discord-rpc.dll'
+        BUILD_64_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'win64-dynamic', 'src', 'Release')
+        UNITY_64_DLL_PATH = os.path.join(UNITY_PROJECT_PATH, 'x86_64')
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_64_BASE_PATH: UNITY_64_DLL_PATH})
+
+        BUILD_32_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'win32-dynamic', 'src', 'Release')
+        UNITY_32_DLL_PATH = os.path.join(UNITY_PROJECT_PATH, 'x86')
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_32_BASE_PATH: UNITY_32_DLL_PATH})
+
+    elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        LIBRARY_NAME = 'discord-rpc.bundle'
+        BUILD_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'osx-dynamic', 'src')
+        UNITY_DLL_PATH = UNITY_PROJECT_PATH
+        os.rename(
+            os.path.join(BUILD_BASE_PATH, 'libdiscord-rpc.dylib'), os.path.join(BUILD_BASE_PATH, 'discord-rpc.bundle'))
+
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_BASE_PATH: UNITY_DLL_PATH})
+
+    elif sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+        LIBRARY_NAME = 'discord-rpc.so'
+        BUILD_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'linux-dynamic', 'src')
+        UNITY_DLL_PATH = os.path.join(UNITY_PROJECT_PATH, 'x86')
+        os.rename(os.path.join(BUILD_BASE_PATH, 'libdiscord-rpc.so'), os.path.join(BUILD_BASE_PATH, 'discord-rpc.so'))
+
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_BASE_PATH: UNITY_DLL_PATH})
+
+    else:
+        raise Exception('Unsupported platform ' + sys.platform)
+
+    for build in BUILDS:
+        for i in build:
+            mkdir_p(build[i])
+            shutil.copy(os.path.join(i, LIBRARY_NAME), build[i])
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.pass_context
+def unreal(ctx):
+    """ build libs and copy them into the unreal project """
+    ctx.invoke(libs, clean=False, static=False, shared=True, skip_formatter=True, just_release=True)
+    BUILDS = []
+
+    click.echo('--- Copying libs and header into unreal example')
+    UNREAL_PROJECT_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'examples', 'unrealstatus', 'Plugins', 'discordrpc')
+    UNREAL_INCLUDE_PATH = os.path.join(UNREAL_PROJECT_PATH, 'Source', 'ThirdParty', 'DiscordRpcLibrary', 'Include')
+    mkdir_p(UNREAL_INCLUDE_PATH)
+    shutil.copy(os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'include', 'discord_rpc.h'), UNREAL_INCLUDE_PATH)
+
+    if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
+        LIBRARY_NAME = 'discord-rpc.lib'
+        BUILD_64_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'win64-dynamic', 'src', 'Release')
+        UNREAL_64_DLL_PATH = os.path.join(UNREAL_PROJECT_PATH, 'Source', 'ThirdParty', 'DiscordRpcLibrary', 'Win64')
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_64_BASE_PATH: UNREAL_64_DLL_PATH})
+
+        BUILD_32_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'win32-dynamic', 'src', 'Release')
+        UNREAL_32_DLL_PATH = os.path.join(UNREAL_PROJECT_PATH, 'Source', 'ThirdParty', 'DiscordRpcLibrary', 'Win32')
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_32_BASE_PATH: UNREAL_32_DLL_PATH})
+
+    elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
+        LIBRARY_NAME = 'libdiscord-rpc.dylib'
+        BUILD_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'osx-dynamic', 'src')
+        UNREAL_DLL_PATH = os.path.join(UNREAL_PROJECT_PATH, 'Source', 'ThirdParty', 'DiscordRpcLibrary', 'Mac')
+
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_BASE_PATH: UNREAL_DLL_PATH})
+
+    elif sys.platform.startswith('linux'):
+        LIBRARY_NAME = 'libdiscord-rpc.so'
+        BUILD_BASE_PATH = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'linux-dynamic', 'src')
+        UNREAL_DLL_PATH = os.path.join(UNREAL_PROJECT_PATH, 'Source', 'ThirdParty', 'DiscordRpcLibrary', 'Linux')
+
+        BUILDS.append({BUILD_BASE_PATH: UNREAL_DLL_PATH})
+
+    else:
+        raise Exception('Unsupported platform ' + sys.platform)
+
+    for build in BUILDS:
+        for i in build:
+            mkdir_p(build[i])
+            shutil.copy(os.path.join(i, LIBRARY_NAME), build[i])
+
+
+def build_lib(build_name, generator, options, just_release):
+    """ Create a dir under builds, run build and install in it """
+    build_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', build_name)
+    install_path = os.path.join(INSTALL_ROOT, build_name)
+    mkdir_p(build_path)
+    mkdir_p(install_path)
+    with cd(build_path):
+        initial_cmake = ['cmake', SCRIPT_PATH, '-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=%s' % os.path.join('..', 'install', build_name)]
+        if generator:
+            initial_cmake.extend(['-G', generator])
+        for key in options:
+            val = options[key]
+            if type(val) is bool:
+                val = 'ON' if val else 'OFF'
+            initial_cmake.append('-D%s=%s' % (key, val))
+        click.echo('--- Building ' + build_name)
+        subprocess.check_call(initial_cmake)
+        if not just_release:
+            subprocess.check_call(['cmake', '--build', '.', '--config', 'Debug'])
+        subprocess.check_call(['cmake', '--build', '.', '--config', 'Release', '--target', 'install'])
+
+
+@cli.command()
+def archive():
+    """ create zip of install dir """
+    click.echo('--- Archiving')
+    archive_file_path = os.path.join(SCRIPT_PATH, 'builds', 'discord-rpc-%s.zip' % get_platform())
+    archive_file = zipfile.ZipFile(archive_file_path, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
+    archive_src_base_path = INSTALL_ROOT
+    archive_dst_base_path = 'discord-rpc'
+    with cd(archive_src_base_path):
+        for path, _, filenames in os.walk('.'):
+            for fname in filenames:
+                fpath = os.path.join(path, fname)
+                dst_path = os.path.normpath(os.path.join(archive_dst_base_path, fpath))
+                click.echo('Adding ' + dst_path)
+                archive_file.write(fpath, dst_path)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+def sign():
+    """ Do code signing within install directory using our cert """
+    tool = get_signtool()
+    signable_extensions = set()
+    if PLATFORM == 'win':
+        signable_extensions.add('.dll')
+        sign_command_base = [
+            tool,
+            'sign',
+            '/n',
+            'Discord Inc.',
+            '/a',
+            '/tr',
+            'http://timestamp.digicert.com/rfc3161',
+            '/as',
+            '/td',
+            'sha256',
+            '/fd',
+            'sha256',
+        ]
+    elif PLATFORM == 'osx':
+        signable_extensions.add('.dylib')
+        sign_command_base = [
+            tool,
+            '--keychain',
+            os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain'),
+            '-vvvv',
+            '--deep',
+            '--force',
+            '--sign',
+            'Developer ID Application: Hammer & Chisel Inc. (53Q6R32WPB)',
+        ]
+    else:
+        click.secho('Not signing things on this platform yet', fg='red')
+        return
+
+    click.echo('--- Signing')
+    for path, _, filenames in os.walk(INSTALL_ROOT):
+        for fname in filenames:
+            ext = os.path.splitext(fname)[1]
+            if ext not in signable_extensions:
+                continue
+            fpath = os.path.join(path, fname)
+            click.echo('Sign ' + fpath)
+            sign_command = sign_command_base + [fpath]
+            subprocess.check_call(sign_command)
+
+
+@cli.command()
+@click.option('--clean', is_flag=True)
+@click.option('--static', is_flag=True)
+@click.option('--shared', is_flag=True)
+@click.option('--skip_formatter', is_flag=True)
+@click.option('--just_release', is_flag=True)
+def libs(clean, static, shared, skip_formatter, just_release):
+    """ Do all the builds for this platform """
+    if clean:
+        shutil.rmtree('builds', ignore_errors=True)
+
+    mkdir_p('builds')
+
+    if not (static or shared):
+        static = True
+        shared = True
+
+    static_options = {}
+    dynamic_options = {
+        'BUILD_SHARED_LIBS': True,
+        'USE_STATIC_CRT': True,
+    }
+
+    if skip_formatter or IS_BUILD_MACHINE:
+        static_options['CLANG_FORMAT_SUFFIX'] = 'none'
+        dynamic_options['CLANG_FORMAT_SUFFIX'] = 'none'
+
+    if IS_BUILD_MACHINE:
+        just_release = True
+        static_options['WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS'] = True
+        dynamic_options['WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS'] = True
+
+    if PLATFORM == 'win':
+        generator32 = 'Visual Studio 14 2015'
+        generator64 = 'Visual Studio 14 2015 Win64'
+        if static:
+            build_lib('win32-static', generator32, static_options, just_release)
+            build_lib('win64-static', generator64, static_options, just_release)
+        if shared:
+            build_lib('win32-dynamic', generator32, dynamic_options, just_release)
+            build_lib('win64-dynamic', generator64, dynamic_options, just_release)
+    elif PLATFORM == 'osx':
+        if static:
+            build_lib('osx-static', None, static_options, just_release)
+        if shared:
+            build_lib('osx-dynamic', None, dynamic_options, just_release)
+    elif PLATFORM == 'linux':
+        if static:
+            build_lib('linux-static', None, static_options, just_release)
+        if shared:
+            build_lib('linux-dynamic', None, dynamic_options, just_release)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    os.chdir(SCRIPT_PATH)
+    sys.exit(cli())
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/include/discord_register.h b/external/discord-rpc/include/discord_register.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16fb42f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/include/discord_register.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#if defined(DISCORD_DYNAMIC_LIB)
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#if defined(DISCORD_BUILDING_SDK)
+#define DISCORD_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#else
+#define DISCORD_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif
+#else
+#define DISCORD_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#endif
+#else
+#define DISCORD_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Register(const char* applicationId, const char* command);
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_RegisterSteamGame(const char* applicationId, const char* steamId);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/include/discord_rpc.h b/external/discord-rpc/include/discord_rpc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e1441e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/include/discord_rpc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// clang-format off
+
+#if defined(DISCORD_DYNAMIC_LIB)
+#  if defined(_WIN32)
+#    if defined(DISCORD_BUILDING_SDK)
+#      define DISCORD_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#    else
+#      define DISCORD_EXPORT __declspec(dllimport)
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    define DISCORD_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#  endif
+#else
+#  define DISCORD_EXPORT
+#endif
+
+// clang-format on
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct DiscordRichPresence {
+    const char* state;   /* max 128 bytes */
+    const char* details; /* max 128 bytes */
+    int64_t startTimestamp;
+    int64_t endTimestamp;
+    const char* largeImageKey;  /* max 32 bytes */
+    const char* largeImageText; /* max 128 bytes */
+    const char* smallImageKey;  /* max 32 bytes */
+    const char* smallImageText; /* max 128 bytes */
+    const char* partyId;        /* max 128 bytes */
+    int partySize;
+    int partyMax;
+    const char* matchSecret;    /* max 128 bytes */
+    const char* joinSecret;     /* max 128 bytes */
+    const char* spectateSecret; /* max 128 bytes */
+    int8_t instance;
+} DiscordRichPresence;
+
+typedef struct DiscordUser {
+    const char* userId;
+    const char* username;
+    const char* discriminator;
+    const char* avatar;
+} DiscordUser;
+
+typedef struct DiscordEventHandlers {
+    void (*ready)(const DiscordUser* request);
+    void (*disconnected)(int errorCode, const char* message);
+    void (*errored)(int errorCode, const char* message);
+    void (*joinGame)(const char* joinSecret);
+    void (*spectateGame)(const char* spectateSecret);
+    void (*joinRequest)(const DiscordUser* request);
+} DiscordEventHandlers;
+
+#define DISCORD_REPLY_NO 0
+#define DISCORD_REPLY_YES 1
+#define DISCORD_REPLY_IGNORE 2
+
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Initialize(const char* applicationId,
+                                       DiscordEventHandlers* handlers,
+                                       int autoRegister,
+                                       const char* optionalSteamId);
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Shutdown(void);
+
+/* checks for incoming messages, dispatches callbacks */
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_RunCallbacks(void);
+
+/* If you disable the lib starting its own io thread, you'll need to call this from your own */
+#ifdef DISCORD_DISABLE_IO_THREAD
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_UpdateConnection(void);
+#endif
+
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_UpdatePresence(const DiscordRichPresence* presence);
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_ClearPresence(void);
+
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Respond(const char* userid, /* DISCORD_REPLY_ */ int reply);
+
+DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_UpdateHandlers(DiscordEventHandlers* handlers);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+} /* extern "C" */
+#endif
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/CMakeLists.txt b/external/discord-rpc/src/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..290d761
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+include_directories(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include)
+
+option(ENABLE_IO_THREAD "Start up a separate I/O thread, otherwise I'd need to call an update function" ON)
+option(USE_STATIC_CRT "Use /MT[d] for dynamic library" OFF)
+option(WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS "When enabled, compiles with `-Werror` (on *nix platforms)." OFF)
+
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
+
+set(BASE_RPC_SRC
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/discord_rpc.h
+    discord_rpc.cpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/discord_register.h
+    rpc_connection.h
+    rpc_connection.cpp
+    serialization.h
+    serialization.cpp
+    connection.h
+    backoff.h
+    msg_queue.h
+)
+
+if (${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+    if(WIN32)
+        set(BASE_RPC_SRC ${BASE_RPC_SRC} dllmain.cpp)
+    endif(WIN32)
+endif(${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+
+if(WIN32)
+    add_definitions(-DDISCORD_WINDOWS)
+    set(BASE_RPC_SRC ${BASE_RPC_SRC} connection_win.cpp discord_register_win.cpp)
+    add_library(discord-rpc ${BASE_RPC_SRC})
+    if (MSVC)
+        if(USE_STATIC_CRT)
+            foreach(CompilerFlag
+                    CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS
+                    CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG
+                    CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE
+                    CMAKE_C_FLAGS
+                    CMAKE_C_FLAGS_DEBUG
+                    CMAKE_C_FLAGS_RELEASE)
+                string(REPLACE "/MD" "/MT" ${CompilerFlag} "${${CompilerFlag}}")
+            endforeach()
+        endif(USE_STATIC_CRT)
+        target_compile_options(discord-rpc PRIVATE /EHsc
+            /Wall
+            /wd4100 # unreferenced formal parameter
+            /wd4514 # unreferenced inline
+            /wd4625 # copy constructor deleted
+            /wd5026 # move constructor deleted
+            /wd4626 # move assignment operator deleted
+            /wd4668 # not defined preprocessor macro
+            /wd4710 # function not inlined
+            /wd4711 # function was inlined
+            /wd4820 # structure padding
+            /wd4946 # reinterpret_cast used between related classes
+            /wd5027 # move assignment operator was implicitly defined as deleted
+        )
+    endif(MSVC)
+    target_link_libraries(discord-rpc PRIVATE psapi advapi32)
+endif(WIN32)
+
+if(UNIX)
+    set(BASE_RPC_SRC ${BASE_RPC_SRC} connection_unix.cpp)
+
+    if (APPLE)
+        add_definitions(-DDISCORD_OSX)
+        set(BASE_RPC_SRC ${BASE_RPC_SRC} discord_register_osx.m)
+    else (APPLE)
+        add_definitions(-DDISCORD_LINUX)
+        set(BASE_RPC_SRC ${BASE_RPC_SRC} discord_register_linux.cpp)
+    endif(APPLE)
+
+    add_library(discord-rpc ${BASE_RPC_SRC})
+    target_link_libraries(discord-rpc PUBLIC pthread)
+
+    if (APPLE)
+        target_link_libraries(discord-rpc PRIVATE "-framework AppKit, -mmacosx-version-min=10.10")
+    endif (APPLE)
+
+    target_compile_options(discord-rpc PRIVATE
+        -g
+        -Wall
+        -Wextra
+        -Wpedantic
+    )
+
+    if (${WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS})
+      target_compile_options(discord-rpc PRIVATE -Werror)
+    endif (${WARNINGS_AS_ERRORS})
+
+    target_compile_options(discord-rpc PRIVATE
+        -Wno-unknown-pragmas # pragma push thing doesn't work on clang
+        -Wno-old-style-cast # it's fine
+        -Wno-c++98-compat # that was almost 2 decades ago
+        -Wno-c++98-compat-pedantic
+        -Wno-missing-noreturn
+        -Wno-padded # structure padding
+        -Wno-covered-switch-default
+        -Wno-exit-time-destructors # not sure about these
+        -Wno-global-constructors
+    )
+
+    if (${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+        target_compile_options(discord-rpc PRIVATE -fPIC)
+    endif (${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+
+    if (APPLE)
+        target_link_libraries(discord-rpc PRIVATE "-framework AppKit")
+    endif (APPLE)
+endif(UNIX)
+
+target_include_directories(discord-rpc PRIVATE ${RAPIDJSON}/include)
+
+if (NOT ${ENABLE_IO_THREAD})
+    target_compile_definitions(discord-rpc PUBLIC -DDISCORD_DISABLE_IO_THREAD)
+endif (NOT ${ENABLE_IO_THREAD})
+
+if (${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+    target_compile_definitions(discord-rpc PUBLIC -DDISCORD_DYNAMIC_LIB)
+    target_compile_definitions(discord-rpc PRIVATE -DDISCORD_BUILDING_SDK)
+endif(${BUILD_SHARED_LIBS})
+
+if (CLANG_FORMAT_CMD)
+    add_dependencies(discord-rpc clangformat)
+endif(CLANG_FORMAT_CMD)
+
+# install
+
+install(
+    TARGETS discord-rpc
+    EXPORT "discord-rpc"
+    RUNTIME
+        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}"
+    LIBRARY
+        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}"
+    ARCHIVE
+        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}"
+    INCLUDES
+        DESTINATION "${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}"
+)
+
+install(
+    FILES
+        "../include/discord_rpc.h"
+		"../include/discord_register.h"
+    DESTINATION "include"
+)
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/backoff.h b/external/discord-rpc/src/backoff.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e736f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/backoff.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <random>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+struct Backoff {
+    int64_t minAmount;
+    int64_t maxAmount;
+    int64_t current;
+    int fails;
+    std::mt19937_64 randGenerator;
+    std::uniform_real_distribution<> randDistribution;
+
+    double rand01() { return randDistribution(randGenerator); }
+
+    Backoff(int64_t min, int64_t max)
+      : minAmount(min)
+      , maxAmount(max)
+      , current(min)
+      , fails(0)
+      , randGenerator((uint64_t)time(0))
+    {
+    }
+
+    void reset()
+    {
+        fails = 0;
+        current = minAmount;
+    }
+
+    int64_t nextDelay()
+    {
+        ++fails;
+        int64_t delay = (int64_t)((double)current * 2.0 * rand01());
+        current = std::min(current + delay, maxAmount);
+        return current;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/connection.h b/external/discord-rpc/src/connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8f99b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// This is to wrap the platform specific kinds of connect/read/write.
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+// not really connectiony, but need per-platform
+int GetProcessId();
+
+struct BaseConnection {
+    static BaseConnection* Create();
+    static void Destroy(BaseConnection*&);
+    bool isOpen{false};
+    bool Open();
+    bool Close();
+    bool Write(const void* data, size_t length);
+    bool Read(void* data, size_t length);
+};
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/connection_unix.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/connection_unix.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..85dace3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/connection_unix.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#include "connection.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/un.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+int GetProcessId()
+{
+    return ::getpid();
+}
+
+struct BaseConnectionUnix : public BaseConnection {
+    int sock{-1};
+};
+
+static BaseConnectionUnix Connection;
+static sockaddr_un PipeAddr{};
+#ifdef MSG_NOSIGNAL
+static int MsgFlags = MSG_NOSIGNAL;
+#else
+static int MsgFlags = 0;
+#endif
+
+static const char* GetTempPath()
+{
+    const char* temp = getenv("XDG_RUNTIME_DIR");
+    temp = temp ? temp : getenv("TMPDIR");
+    temp = temp ? temp : getenv("TMP");
+    temp = temp ? temp : getenv("TEMP");
+    temp = temp ? temp : "/tmp";
+    return temp;
+}
+
+/*static*/ BaseConnection* BaseConnection::Create()
+{
+    PipeAddr.sun_family = AF_UNIX;
+    return &Connection;
+}
+
+/*static*/ void BaseConnection::Destroy(BaseConnection*& c)
+{
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionUnix*>(c);
+    self->Close();
+    c = nullptr;
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Open()
+{
+    const char* tempPath = GetTempPath();
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionUnix*>(this);
+    self->sock = socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+    if (self->sock == -1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    fcntl(self->sock, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);
+#ifdef SO_NOSIGPIPE
+    int optval = 1;
+    setsockopt(self->sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_NOSIGPIPE, &optval, sizeof(optval));
+#endif
+
+    for (int pipeNum = 0; pipeNum < 10; ++pipeNum) {
+        snprintf(
+          PipeAddr.sun_path, sizeof(PipeAddr.sun_path), "%s/discord-ipc-%d", tempPath, pipeNum);
+        int err = connect(self->sock, (const sockaddr*)&PipeAddr, sizeof(PipeAddr));
+        if (err == 0) {
+            self->isOpen = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    self->Close();
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Close()
+{
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionUnix*>(this);
+    if (self->sock == -1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    close(self->sock);
+    self->sock = -1;
+    self->isOpen = false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Write(const void* data, size_t length)
+{
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionUnix*>(this);
+
+    if (self->sock == -1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ssize_t sentBytes = send(self->sock, data, length, MsgFlags);
+    if (sentBytes < 0) {
+        Close();
+    }
+    return sentBytes == (ssize_t)length;
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Read(void* data, size_t length)
+{
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionUnix*>(this);
+
+    if (self->sock == -1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    int res = (int)recv(self->sock, data, length, MsgFlags);
+    if (res < 0) {
+        if (errno == EAGAIN) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        Close();
+    }
+    else if (res == 0) {
+        Close();
+    }
+    return res == (int)length;
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/connection_win.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/connection_win.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6651aab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/connection_win.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include "connection.h"
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#define NOMCX
+#define NOSERVICE
+#define NOIME
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+int GetProcessId()
+{
+    return (int)::GetCurrentProcessId();
+}
+
+struct BaseConnectionWin : public BaseConnection {
+    HANDLE pipe{INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE};
+};
+
+static BaseConnectionWin Connection;
+
+/*static*/ BaseConnection* BaseConnection::Create()
+{
+    return &Connection;
+}
+
+/*static*/ void BaseConnection::Destroy(BaseConnection*& c)
+{
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionWin*>(c);
+    self->Close();
+    c = nullptr;
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Open()
+{
+    wchar_t pipeName[]{L"\\\\?\\pipe\\discord-ipc-0"};
+    const size_t pipeDigit = sizeof(pipeName) / sizeof(wchar_t) - 2;
+    pipeName[pipeDigit] = L'0';
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionWin*>(this);
+    for (;;) {
+        self->pipe = ::CreateFileW(
+          pipeName, GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, nullptr, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, nullptr);
+        if (self->pipe != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            self->isOpen = true;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        auto lastError = GetLastError();
+        if (lastError == ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND) {
+            if (pipeName[pipeDigit] < L'9') {
+                pipeName[pipeDigit]++;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (lastError == ERROR_PIPE_BUSY) {
+            if (!WaitNamedPipeW(pipeName, 10000)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            continue;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Close()
+{
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionWin*>(this);
+    ::CloseHandle(self->pipe);
+    self->pipe = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    self->isOpen = false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Write(const void* data, size_t length)
+{
+    if (length == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionWin*>(this);
+    assert(self);
+    if (!self) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (self->pipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    assert(data);
+    if (!data) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    const DWORD bytesLength = (DWORD)length;
+    DWORD bytesWritten = 0;
+    return ::WriteFile(self->pipe, data, bytesLength, &bytesWritten, nullptr) == TRUE &&
+      bytesWritten == bytesLength;
+}
+
+bool BaseConnection::Read(void* data, size_t length)
+{
+    assert(data);
+    if (!data) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto self = reinterpret_cast<BaseConnectionWin*>(this);
+    assert(self);
+    if (!self) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (self->pipe == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    DWORD bytesAvailable = 0;
+    if (::PeekNamedPipe(self->pipe, nullptr, 0, nullptr, &bytesAvailable, nullptr)) {
+        if (bytesAvailable >= length) {
+            DWORD bytesToRead = (DWORD)length;
+            DWORD bytesRead = 0;
+            if (::ReadFile(self->pipe, data, bytesToRead, &bytesRead, nullptr) == TRUE) {
+                assert(bytesToRead == bytesRead);
+                return true;
+            }
+            else {
+                Close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        Close();
+    }
+    return false;
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_linux.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_linux.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfc5340
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_linux.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include "discord_rpc.h"
+#include "discord_register.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+static bool Mkdir(const char* path)
+{
+    int result = mkdir(path, 0755);
+    if (result == 0) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (errno == EEXIST) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// we want to register games so we can run them from Discord client as discord-<appid>://
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Register(const char* applicationId, const char* command)
+{
+    // Add a desktop file and update some mime handlers so that xdg-open does the right thing.
+
+    const char* home = getenv("HOME");
+    if (!home) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char exePath[1024];
+    if (!command || !command[0]) {
+        ssize_t size = readlink("/proc/self/exe", exePath, sizeof(exePath));
+        if (size <= 0 || size >= (ssize_t)sizeof(exePath)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        exePath[size] = '\0';
+        command = exePath;
+    }
+
+    const char* desktopFileFormat = "[Desktop Entry]\n"
+                                    "Name=Game %s\n"
+                                    "Exec=%s %%u\n" // note: it really wants that %u in there
+                                    "Type=Application\n"
+                                    "NoDisplay=true\n"
+                                    "Categories=Discord;Games;\n"
+                                    "MimeType=x-scheme-handler/discord-%s;\n";
+    char desktopFile[2048];
+    int fileLen = snprintf(
+      desktopFile, sizeof(desktopFile), desktopFileFormat, applicationId, command, applicationId);
+    if (fileLen <= 0) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char desktopFilename[256];
+    snprintf(desktopFilename, sizeof(desktopFilename), "/discord-%s.desktop", applicationId);
+
+    char desktopFilePath[1024];
+    snprintf(desktopFilePath, sizeof(desktopFilePath), "%s/.local", home);
+    if (!Mkdir(desktopFilePath)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    strcat(desktopFilePath, "/share");
+    if (!Mkdir(desktopFilePath)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    strcat(desktopFilePath, "/applications");
+    if (!Mkdir(desktopFilePath)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    strcat(desktopFilePath, desktopFilename);
+
+    FILE* fp = fopen(desktopFilePath, "w");
+    if (fp) {
+        fwrite(desktopFile, 1, fileLen, fp);
+        fclose(fp);
+    }
+    else {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    char xdgMimeCommand[1024];
+    snprintf(xdgMimeCommand,
+             sizeof(xdgMimeCommand),
+             "xdg-mime default discord-%s.desktop x-scheme-handler/discord-%s",
+             applicationId,
+             applicationId);
+    if (system(xdgMimeCommand) < 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to register mime handler\n");
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_RegisterSteamGame(const char* applicationId,
+                                                         const char* steamId)
+{
+    char command[256];
+    sprintf(command, "xdg-open steam://rungameid/%s", steamId);
+    Discord_Register(applicationId, command);
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_osx.m b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_osx.m
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d710102
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_osx.m
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+
+#include "discord_register.h"
+
+static void RegisterCommand(const char* applicationId, const char* command)
+{
+    // There does not appear to be a way to register arbitrary commands on OSX, so instead we'll save the command
+    // to a file in the Discord config path, and when it is needed, Discord can try to load the file there, open
+    // the command therein (will pass to js's window.open, so requires a url-like thing)
+
+    // Note: will not work for sandboxed apps
+  	NSString *home = NSHomeDirectory();
+    if (!home) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    NSString *path = [[[[[[home stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Library"]
+                                stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Application Support"]
+                                stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"discord"]
+                                stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"games"]
+                                stringByAppendingPathComponent:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:applicationId]]
+                                stringByAppendingPathExtension:@"json"];
+    [[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath:[path stringByDeletingLastPathComponent] withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil];
+
+    NSString *jsonBuffer = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"{\"command\": \"%s\"}", command];
+    [jsonBuffer writeToFile:path atomically:NO encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
+}
+
+static void RegisterURL(const char* applicationId)
+{
+    char url[256];
+    snprintf(url, sizeof(url), "discord-%s", applicationId);
+    CFStringRef cfURL = CFStringCreateWithCString(NULL, url, kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
+
+    NSString* myBundleId = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundleIdentifier];
+    if (!myBundleId) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "No bundle id found\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    NSURL* myURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] bundleURL];
+    if (!myURL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "No bundle url found\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    OSStatus status = LSSetDefaultHandlerForURLScheme(cfURL, (__bridge CFStringRef)myBundleId);
+    if (status != noErr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error in LSSetDefaultHandlerForURLScheme: %d\n", (int)status);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    status = LSRegisterURL((__bridge CFURLRef)myURL, true);
+    if (status != noErr) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error in LSRegisterURL: %d\n", (int)status);
+    }
+}
+
+void Discord_Register(const char* applicationId, const char* command)
+{
+    if (command) {
+        RegisterCommand(applicationId, command);
+    }
+    else {
+        // raii lite
+        @autoreleasepool {
+            RegisterURL(applicationId);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void Discord_RegisterSteamGame(const char* applicationId, const char* steamId)
+{
+    char command[256];
+    snprintf(command, 256, "steam://rungameid/%s", steamId);
+    Discord_Register(applicationId, command);
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_win.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_win.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b275f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_register_win.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#include "discord_rpc.h"
+#include "discord_register.h"
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#define NOMCX
+#define NOSERVICE
+#define NOIME
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#include <cwchar>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+/**
+ * Updated fixes for MinGW and WinXP
+ * This block is written the way it does not involve changing the rest of the code
+ * Checked to be compiling
+ * 1) strsafe.h belongs to Windows SDK and cannot be added to MinGW
+ * #include guarded, functions redirected to <string.h> substitutes
+ * 2) RegSetKeyValueW and LSTATUS are not declared in <winreg.h>
+ * The entire function is rewritten
+ */
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+/// strsafe.h fixes
+static HRESULT StringCbPrintfW(LPWSTR pszDest, size_t cbDest, LPCWSTR pszFormat, ...)
+{
+    HRESULT ret;
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, pszFormat);
+    cbDest /= 2; // Size is divided by 2 to convert from bytes to wide characters - causes segfault
+                 // othervise
+    ret = vsnwprintf(pszDest, cbDest, pszFormat, va);
+    pszDest[cbDest - 1] = 0; // Terminate the string in case a buffer overflow; -1 will be returned
+    va_end(va);
+    return ret;
+}
+#else
+#include <strsafe.h>
+#endif // __MINGW32__
+
+/// winreg.h fixes
+#ifndef LSTATUS
+#define LSTATUS LONG
+#endif
+#ifdef RegSetKeyValueW
+#undefine RegSetKeyValueW
+#endif
+#define RegSetKeyValueW regset
+static LSTATUS regset(HKEY hkey,
+                      LPCWSTR subkey,
+                      LPCWSTR name,
+                      DWORD type,
+                      const void* data,
+                      DWORD len)
+{
+    HKEY htkey = hkey, hsubkey = nullptr;
+    LSTATUS ret;
+    if (subkey && subkey[0]) {
+        if ((ret = RegCreateKeyExW(hkey, subkey, 0, 0, 0, KEY_ALL_ACCESS, 0, &hsubkey, 0)) !=
+            ERROR_SUCCESS)
+            return ret;
+        htkey = hsubkey;
+    }
+    ret = RegSetValueExW(htkey, name, 0, type, (const BYTE*)data, len);
+    if (hsubkey && hsubkey != hkey)
+        RegCloseKey(hsubkey);
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static void Discord_RegisterW(const wchar_t* applicationId, const wchar_t* command)
+{
+    // https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa767914(v=vs.85).aspx
+    // we want to register games so we can run them as discord-<appid>://
+    // Update the HKEY_CURRENT_USER, because it doesn't seem to require special permissions.
+
+    wchar_t exeFilePath[MAX_PATH];
+    DWORD exeLen = GetModuleFileNameW(nullptr, exeFilePath, MAX_PATH);
+    wchar_t openCommand[1024];
+
+    if (command && command[0]) {
+        StringCbPrintfW(openCommand, sizeof(openCommand), L"%s", command);
+    }
+    else {
+        // StringCbCopyW(openCommand, sizeof(openCommand), exeFilePath);
+        StringCbPrintfW(openCommand, sizeof(openCommand), L"%s", exeFilePath);
+    }
+
+    wchar_t protocolName[64];
+    StringCbPrintfW(protocolName, sizeof(protocolName), L"discord-%s", applicationId);
+    wchar_t protocolDescription[128];
+    StringCbPrintfW(
+      protocolDescription, sizeof(protocolDescription), L"URL:Run game %s protocol", applicationId);
+    wchar_t urlProtocol = 0;
+
+    wchar_t keyName[256];
+    StringCbPrintfW(keyName, sizeof(keyName), L"Software\\Classes\\%s", protocolName);
+    HKEY key;
+    auto status =
+      RegCreateKeyExW(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, keyName, 0, nullptr, 0, KEY_WRITE, nullptr, &key, nullptr);
+    if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error creating key\n");
+        return;
+    }
+    DWORD len;
+    LSTATUS result;
+    len = (DWORD)lstrlenW(protocolDescription) + 1;
+    result =
+      RegSetKeyValueW(key, nullptr, nullptr, REG_SZ, protocolDescription, len * sizeof(wchar_t));
+    if (FAILED(result)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error writing description\n");
+    }
+
+    len = (DWORD)lstrlenW(protocolDescription) + 1;
+    result = RegSetKeyValueW(key, nullptr, L"URL Protocol", REG_SZ, &urlProtocol, sizeof(wchar_t));
+    if (FAILED(result)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error writing description\n");
+    }
+
+    result = RegSetKeyValueW(
+      key, L"DefaultIcon", nullptr, REG_SZ, exeFilePath, (exeLen + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
+    if (FAILED(result)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error writing icon\n");
+    }
+
+    len = (DWORD)lstrlenW(openCommand) + 1;
+    result = RegSetKeyValueW(
+      key, L"shell\\open\\command", nullptr, REG_SZ, openCommand, len * sizeof(wchar_t));
+    if (FAILED(result)) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error writing command\n");
+    }
+    RegCloseKey(key);
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Register(const char* applicationId, const char* command)
+{
+    wchar_t appId[32];
+    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, applicationId, -1, appId, 32);
+
+    wchar_t openCommand[1024];
+    const wchar_t* wcommand = nullptr;
+    if (command && command[0]) {
+        const auto commandBufferLen = sizeof(openCommand) / sizeof(*openCommand);
+        MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, command, -1, openCommand, commandBufferLen);
+        wcommand = openCommand;
+    }
+
+    Discord_RegisterW(appId, wcommand);
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_RegisterSteamGame(const char* applicationId,
+                                                         const char* steamId)
+{
+    wchar_t appId[32];
+    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, applicationId, -1, appId, 32);
+
+    wchar_t wSteamId[32];
+    MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, steamId, -1, wSteamId, 32);
+
+    HKEY key;
+    auto status = RegOpenKeyExW(HKEY_CURRENT_USER, L"Software\\Valve\\Steam", 0, KEY_READ, &key);
+    if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error opening Steam key\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    wchar_t steamPath[MAX_PATH];
+    DWORD pathBytes = sizeof(steamPath);
+    status = RegQueryValueExW(key, L"SteamExe", nullptr, nullptr, (BYTE*)steamPath, &pathBytes);
+    RegCloseKey(key);
+    if (status != ERROR_SUCCESS || pathBytes < 1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Error reading SteamExe key\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    DWORD pathChars = pathBytes / sizeof(wchar_t);
+    for (DWORD i = 0; i < pathChars; ++i) {
+        if (steamPath[i] == L'/') {
+            steamPath[i] = L'\\';
+        }
+    }
+
+    wchar_t command[1024];
+    StringCbPrintfW(command, sizeof(command), L"\"%s\" steam://rungameid/%s", steamPath, wSteamId);
+
+    Discord_RegisterW(appId, command);
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_rpc.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_rpc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0392453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/discord_rpc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,504 @@
+#include "discord_rpc.h"
+
+#include "backoff.h"
+#include "discord_register.h"
+#include "msg_queue.h"
+#include "rpc_connection.h"
+#include "serialization.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#ifndef DISCORD_DISABLE_IO_THREAD
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <thread>
+#endif
+
+constexpr size_t MaxMessageSize{16 * 1024};
+constexpr size_t MessageQueueSize{8};
+constexpr size_t JoinQueueSize{8};
+
+struct QueuedMessage {
+    size_t length;
+    char buffer[MaxMessageSize];
+
+    void Copy(const QueuedMessage& other)
+    {
+        length = other.length;
+        if (length) {
+            memcpy(buffer, other.buffer, length);
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+struct User {
+    // snowflake (64bit int), turned into a ascii decimal string, at most 20 chars +1 null
+    // terminator = 21
+    char userId[32];
+    // 32 unicode glyphs is max name size => 4 bytes per glyph in the worst case, +1 for null
+    // terminator = 129
+    char username[344];
+    // 4 decimal digits + 1 null terminator = 5
+    char discriminator[8];
+    // optional 'a_' + md5 hex digest (32 bytes) + null terminator = 35
+    char avatar[128];
+    // Rounded way up because I'm paranoid about games breaking from future changes in these sizes
+};
+
+static RpcConnection* Connection{nullptr};
+static DiscordEventHandlers QueuedHandlers{};
+static DiscordEventHandlers Handlers{};
+static std::atomic_bool WasJustConnected{false};
+static std::atomic_bool WasJustDisconnected{false};
+static std::atomic_bool GotErrorMessage{false};
+static std::atomic_bool WasJoinGame{false};
+static std::atomic_bool WasSpectateGame{false};
+static std::atomic_bool UpdatePresence{false};
+static char JoinGameSecret[256];
+static char SpectateGameSecret[256];
+static int LastErrorCode{0};
+static char LastErrorMessage[256];
+static int LastDisconnectErrorCode{0};
+static char LastDisconnectErrorMessage[256];
+static std::mutex PresenceMutex;
+static std::mutex HandlerMutex;
+static QueuedMessage QueuedPresence{};
+static MsgQueue<QueuedMessage, MessageQueueSize> SendQueue;
+static MsgQueue<User, JoinQueueSize> JoinAskQueue;
+static User connectedUser;
+
+// We want to auto connect, and retry on failure, but not as fast as possible. This does expoential
+// backoff from 0.5 seconds to 1 minute
+static Backoff ReconnectTimeMs(500, 60 * 1000);
+static auto NextConnect = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+static int Pid{0};
+static int Nonce{1};
+
+#ifndef DISCORD_DISABLE_IO_THREAD
+static void Discord_UpdateConnection(void);
+class IoThreadHolder {
+private:
+    std::atomic_bool keepRunning{true};
+    std::mutex waitForIOMutex;
+    std::condition_variable waitForIOActivity;
+    std::thread ioThread;
+
+public:
+    void Start()
+    {
+        keepRunning.store(true);
+        ioThread = std::thread([&]() {
+            const std::chrono::duration<int64_t, std::milli> maxWait{500LL};
+            Discord_UpdateConnection();
+            while (keepRunning.load()) {
+                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(waitForIOMutex);
+                waitForIOActivity.wait_for(lock, maxWait);
+                Discord_UpdateConnection();
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    void Notify() { waitForIOActivity.notify_all(); }
+
+    void Stop()
+    {
+        keepRunning.exchange(false);
+        Notify();
+        if (ioThread.joinable()) {
+            ioThread.join();
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~IoThreadHolder() { Stop(); }
+};
+#else
+class IoThreadHolder {
+public:
+    void Start() {}
+    void Stop() {}
+    void Notify() {}
+};
+#endif // DISCORD_DISABLE_IO_THREAD
+static IoThreadHolder* IoThread{nullptr};
+
+static void UpdateReconnectTime()
+{
+    NextConnect = std::chrono::system_clock::now() +
+      std::chrono::duration<int64_t, std::milli>{ReconnectTimeMs.nextDelay()};
+}
+
+#ifdef DISCORD_DISABLE_IO_THREAD
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_UpdateConnection(void)
+#else
+static void Discord_UpdateConnection(void)
+#endif
+{
+    if (!Connection) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (!Connection->IsOpen()) {
+        if (std::chrono::system_clock::now() >= NextConnect) {
+            UpdateReconnectTime();
+            Connection->Open();
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        // reads
+
+        for (;;) {
+            JsonDocument message;
+
+            if (!Connection->Read(message)) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            const char* evtName = GetStrMember(&message, "evt");
+            const char* nonce = GetStrMember(&message, "nonce");
+
+            if (nonce) {
+                // in responses only -- should use to match up response when needed.
+
+                if (evtName && strcmp(evtName, "ERROR") == 0) {
+                    auto data = GetObjMember(&message, "data");
+                    LastErrorCode = GetIntMember(data, "code");
+                    StringCopy(LastErrorMessage, GetStrMember(data, "message", ""));
+                    GotErrorMessage.store(true);
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                // should have evt == name of event, optional data
+                if (evtName == nullptr) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                auto data = GetObjMember(&message, "data");
+
+                if (strcmp(evtName, "ACTIVITY_JOIN") == 0) {
+                    auto secret = GetStrMember(data, "secret");
+                    if (secret) {
+                        StringCopy(JoinGameSecret, secret);
+                        WasJoinGame.store(true);
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (strcmp(evtName, "ACTIVITY_SPECTATE") == 0) {
+                    auto secret = GetStrMember(data, "secret");
+                    if (secret) {
+                        StringCopy(SpectateGameSecret, secret);
+                        WasSpectateGame.store(true);
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (strcmp(evtName, "ACTIVITY_JOIN_REQUEST") == 0) {
+                    auto user = GetObjMember(data, "user");
+                    auto userId = GetStrMember(user, "id");
+                    auto username = GetStrMember(user, "username");
+                    auto avatar = GetStrMember(user, "avatar");
+                    auto joinReq = JoinAskQueue.GetNextAddMessage();
+                    if (userId && username && joinReq) {
+                        StringCopy(joinReq->userId, userId);
+                        StringCopy(joinReq->username, username);
+                        auto discriminator = GetStrMember(user, "discriminator");
+                        if (discriminator) {
+                            StringCopy(joinReq->discriminator, discriminator);
+                        }
+                        if (avatar) {
+                            StringCopy(joinReq->avatar, avatar);
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            joinReq->avatar[0] = 0;
+                        }
+                        JoinAskQueue.CommitAdd();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // writes
+        if (UpdatePresence.exchange(false) && QueuedPresence.length) {
+            QueuedMessage local;
+            {
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(PresenceMutex);
+                local.Copy(QueuedPresence);
+            }
+            if (!Connection->Write(local.buffer, local.length)) {
+                // if we fail to send, requeue
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(PresenceMutex);
+                QueuedPresence.Copy(local);
+                UpdatePresence.exchange(true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        while (SendQueue.HavePendingSends()) {
+            auto qmessage = SendQueue.GetNextSendMessage();
+            Connection->Write(qmessage->buffer, qmessage->length);
+            SendQueue.CommitSend();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void SignalIOActivity()
+{
+    if (IoThread != nullptr) {
+        IoThread->Notify();
+    }
+}
+
+static bool RegisterForEvent(const char* evtName)
+{
+    auto qmessage = SendQueue.GetNextAddMessage();
+    if (qmessage) {
+        qmessage->length =
+          JsonWriteSubscribeCommand(qmessage->buffer, sizeof(qmessage->buffer), Nonce++, evtName);
+        SendQueue.CommitAdd();
+        SignalIOActivity();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool DeregisterForEvent(const char* evtName)
+{
+    auto qmessage = SendQueue.GetNextAddMessage();
+    if (qmessage) {
+        qmessage->length =
+          JsonWriteUnsubscribeCommand(qmessage->buffer, sizeof(qmessage->buffer), Nonce++, evtName);
+        SendQueue.CommitAdd();
+        SignalIOActivity();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Initialize(const char* applicationId,
+                                                  DiscordEventHandlers* handlers,
+                                                  int autoRegister,
+                                                  const char* optionalSteamId)
+{
+    IoThread = new (std::nothrow) IoThreadHolder();
+    if (IoThread == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (autoRegister) {
+        if (optionalSteamId && optionalSteamId[0]) {
+            Discord_RegisterSteamGame(applicationId, optionalSteamId);
+        }
+        else {
+            Discord_Register(applicationId, nullptr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    Pid = GetProcessId();
+
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+
+        if (handlers) {
+            QueuedHandlers = *handlers;
+        }
+        else {
+            QueuedHandlers = {};
+        }
+
+        Handlers = {};
+    }
+
+    if (Connection) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    Connection = RpcConnection::Create(applicationId);
+    Connection->onConnect = [](JsonDocument& readyMessage) {
+        Discord_UpdateHandlers(&QueuedHandlers);
+        if (QueuedPresence.length > 0) {
+            UpdatePresence.exchange(true);
+            SignalIOActivity();
+        }
+        auto data = GetObjMember(&readyMessage, "data");
+        auto user = GetObjMember(data, "user");
+        auto userId = GetStrMember(user, "id");
+        auto username = GetStrMember(user, "username");
+        auto avatar = GetStrMember(user, "avatar");
+        if (userId && username) {
+            StringCopy(connectedUser.userId, userId);
+            StringCopy(connectedUser.username, username);
+            auto discriminator = GetStrMember(user, "discriminator");
+            if (discriminator) {
+                StringCopy(connectedUser.discriminator, discriminator);
+            }
+            if (avatar) {
+                StringCopy(connectedUser.avatar, avatar);
+            }
+            else {
+                connectedUser.avatar[0] = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        WasJustConnected.exchange(true);
+        ReconnectTimeMs.reset();
+    };
+    Connection->onDisconnect = [](int err, const char* message) {
+        LastDisconnectErrorCode = err;
+        StringCopy(LastDisconnectErrorMessage, message);
+        WasJustDisconnected.exchange(true);
+        UpdateReconnectTime();
+    };
+
+    IoThread->Start();
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Shutdown(void)
+{
+    if (!Connection) {
+        return;
+    }
+    Connection->onConnect = nullptr;
+    Connection->onDisconnect = nullptr;
+    Handlers = {};
+    QueuedPresence.length = 0;
+    UpdatePresence.exchange(false);
+    if (IoThread != nullptr) {
+        IoThread->Stop();
+        delete IoThread;
+        IoThread = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    RpcConnection::Destroy(Connection);
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_UpdatePresence(const DiscordRichPresence* presence)
+{
+    {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(PresenceMutex);
+        QueuedPresence.length = JsonWriteRichPresenceObj(
+          QueuedPresence.buffer, sizeof(QueuedPresence.buffer), Nonce++, Pid, presence);
+        UpdatePresence.exchange(true);
+    }
+    SignalIOActivity();
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_ClearPresence(void)
+{
+    Discord_UpdatePresence(nullptr);
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_Respond(const char* userId, /* DISCORD_REPLY_ */ int reply)
+{
+    // if we are not connected, let's not batch up stale messages for later
+    if (!Connection || !Connection->IsOpen()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    auto qmessage = SendQueue.GetNextAddMessage();
+    if (qmessage) {
+        qmessage->length =
+          JsonWriteJoinReply(qmessage->buffer, sizeof(qmessage->buffer), userId, reply, Nonce++);
+        SendQueue.CommitAdd();
+        SignalIOActivity();
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_RunCallbacks(void)
+{
+    // Note on some weirdness: internally we might connect, get other signals, disconnect any number
+    // of times inbetween calls here. Externally, we want the sequence to seem sane, so any other
+    // signals are book-ended by calls to ready and disconnect.
+
+    if (!Connection) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bool wasDisconnected = WasJustDisconnected.exchange(false);
+    bool isConnected = Connection->IsOpen();
+
+    if (isConnected) {
+        // if we are connected, disconnect cb first
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        if (wasDisconnected && Handlers.disconnected) {
+            Handlers.disconnected(LastDisconnectErrorCode, LastDisconnectErrorMessage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (WasJustConnected.exchange(false)) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        if (Handlers.ready) {
+            DiscordUser du{connectedUser.userId,
+                           connectedUser.username,
+                           connectedUser.discriminator,
+                           connectedUser.avatar};
+            Handlers.ready(&du);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (GotErrorMessage.exchange(false)) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        if (Handlers.errored) {
+            Handlers.errored(LastErrorCode, LastErrorMessage);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (WasJoinGame.exchange(false)) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        if (Handlers.joinGame) {
+            Handlers.joinGame(JoinGameSecret);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (WasSpectateGame.exchange(false)) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        if (Handlers.spectateGame) {
+            Handlers.spectateGame(SpectateGameSecret);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Right now this batches up any requests and sends them all in a burst; I could imagine a world
+    // where the implementer would rather sequentially accept/reject each one before the next invite
+    // is sent. I left it this way because I could also imagine wanting to process these all and
+    // maybe show them in one common dialog and/or start fetching the avatars in parallel, and if
+    // not it should be trivial for the implementer to make a queue themselves.
+    while (JoinAskQueue.HavePendingSends()) {
+        auto req = JoinAskQueue.GetNextSendMessage();
+        {
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+            if (Handlers.joinRequest) {
+                DiscordUser du{req->userId, req->username, req->discriminator, req->avatar};
+                Handlers.joinRequest(&du);
+            }
+        }
+        JoinAskQueue.CommitSend();
+    }
+
+    if (!isConnected) {
+        // if we are not connected, disconnect message last
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        if (wasDisconnected && Handlers.disconnected) {
+            Handlers.disconnected(LastDisconnectErrorCode, LastDisconnectErrorMessage);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+extern "C" DISCORD_EXPORT void Discord_UpdateHandlers(DiscordEventHandlers* newHandlers)
+{
+    if (newHandlers) {
+#define HANDLE_EVENT_REGISTRATION(handler_name, event)              \
+    if (!Handlers.handler_name && newHandlers->handler_name) {      \
+        RegisterForEvent(event);                                    \
+    }                                                               \
+    else if (Handlers.handler_name && !newHandlers->handler_name) { \
+        DeregisterForEvent(event);                                  \
+    }
+
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        HANDLE_EVENT_REGISTRATION(joinGame, "ACTIVITY_JOIN")
+        HANDLE_EVENT_REGISTRATION(spectateGame, "ACTIVITY_SPECTATE")
+        HANDLE_EVENT_REGISTRATION(joinRequest, "ACTIVITY_JOIN_REQUEST")
+
+#undef HANDLE_EVENT_REGISTRATION
+
+        Handlers = *newHandlers;
+    }
+    else {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> guard(HandlerMutex);
+        Handlers = {};
+    }
+    return;
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/dllmain.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/dllmain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbfc295
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/dllmain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#include <windows.h>
+
+// outsmart GCC's missing-declarations warning
+BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HMODULE, DWORD, LPVOID);
+BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HMODULE, DWORD, LPVOID)
+{
+    return TRUE;
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/msg_queue.h b/external/discord-rpc/src/msg_queue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..77f380e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/msg_queue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+// A simple queue. No locks, but only works with a single thread as producer and a single thread as
+// a consumer. Mutex up as needed.
+
+template <typename ElementType, size_t QueueSize>
+class MsgQueue {
+    ElementType queue_[QueueSize];
+    std::atomic_uint nextAdd_{0};
+    std::atomic_uint nextSend_{0};
+    std::atomic_uint pendingSends_{0};
+
+public:
+    MsgQueue() {}
+
+    ElementType* GetNextAddMessage()
+    {
+        // if we are falling behind, bail
+        if (pendingSends_.load() >= QueueSize) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        auto index = (nextAdd_++) % QueueSize;
+        return &queue_[index];
+    }
+    void CommitAdd() { ++pendingSends_; }
+
+    bool HavePendingSends() const { return pendingSends_.load() != 0; }
+    ElementType* GetNextSendMessage()
+    {
+        auto index = (nextSend_++) % QueueSize;
+        return &queue_[index];
+    }
+    void CommitSend() { --pendingSends_; }
+};
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/rpc_connection.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/rpc_connection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0933162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/rpc_connection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+#include "rpc_connection.h"
+#include "serialization.h"
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+static const int RpcVersion = 1;
+static RpcConnection Instance;
+
+/*static*/ RpcConnection* RpcConnection::Create(const char* applicationId)
+{
+    Instance.connection = BaseConnection::Create();
+    StringCopy(Instance.appId, applicationId);
+    return &Instance;
+}
+
+/*static*/ void RpcConnection::Destroy(RpcConnection*& c)
+{
+    c->Close();
+    BaseConnection::Destroy(c->connection);
+    c = nullptr;
+}
+
+void RpcConnection::Open()
+{
+    if (state == State::Connected) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (state == State::Disconnected && !connection->Open()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (state == State::SentHandshake) {
+        JsonDocument message;
+        if (Read(message)) {
+            auto cmd = GetStrMember(&message, "cmd");
+            auto evt = GetStrMember(&message, "evt");
+            if (cmd && evt && !strcmp(cmd, "DISPATCH") && !strcmp(evt, "READY")) {
+                state = State::Connected;
+                if (onConnect) {
+                    onConnect(message);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else {
+        sendFrame.opcode = Opcode::Handshake;
+        sendFrame.length = (uint32_t)JsonWriteHandshakeObj(
+          sendFrame.message, sizeof(sendFrame.message), RpcVersion, appId);
+
+        if (connection->Write(&sendFrame, sizeof(MessageFrameHeader) + sendFrame.length)) {
+            state = State::SentHandshake;
+        }
+        else {
+            Close();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void RpcConnection::Close()
+{
+    if (onDisconnect && (state == State::Connected || state == State::SentHandshake)) {
+        onDisconnect(lastErrorCode, lastErrorMessage);
+    }
+    connection->Close();
+    state = State::Disconnected;
+}
+
+bool RpcConnection::Write(const void* data, size_t length)
+{
+    sendFrame.opcode = Opcode::Frame;
+    memcpy(sendFrame.message, data, length);
+    sendFrame.length = (uint32_t)length;
+    if (!connection->Write(&sendFrame, sizeof(MessageFrameHeader) + length)) {
+        Close();
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool RpcConnection::Read(JsonDocument& message)
+{
+    if (state != State::Connected && state != State::SentHandshake) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    MessageFrame readFrame;
+    for (;;) {
+        bool didRead = connection->Read(&readFrame, sizeof(MessageFrameHeader));
+        if (!didRead) {
+            if (!connection->isOpen) {
+                lastErrorCode = (int)ErrorCode::PipeClosed;
+                StringCopy(lastErrorMessage, "Pipe closed");
+                Close();
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (readFrame.length > 0) {
+            didRead = connection->Read(readFrame.message, readFrame.length);
+            if (!didRead) {
+                lastErrorCode = (int)ErrorCode::ReadCorrupt;
+                StringCopy(lastErrorMessage, "Partial data in frame");
+                Close();
+                return false;
+            }
+            readFrame.message[readFrame.length] = 0;
+        }
+
+        switch (readFrame.opcode) {
+        case Opcode::Close: {
+            message.ParseInsitu(readFrame.message);
+            lastErrorCode = GetIntMember(&message, "code");
+            StringCopy(lastErrorMessage, GetStrMember(&message, "message", ""));
+            Close();
+            return false;
+        }
+        case Opcode::Frame:
+            message.ParseInsitu(readFrame.message);
+            return true;
+        case Opcode::Ping:
+            readFrame.opcode = Opcode::Pong;
+            if (!connection->Write(&readFrame, sizeof(MessageFrameHeader) + readFrame.length)) {
+                Close();
+            }
+            break;
+        case Opcode::Pong:
+            break;
+        case Opcode::Handshake:
+        default:
+            // something bad happened
+            lastErrorCode = (int)ErrorCode::ReadCorrupt;
+            StringCopy(lastErrorMessage, "Bad ipc frame");
+            Close();
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/rpc_connection.h b/external/discord-rpc/src/rpc_connection.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bbdd05c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/rpc_connection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "connection.h"
+#include "serialization.h"
+
+// I took this from the buffer size libuv uses for named pipes; I suspect ours would usually be much
+// smaller.
+constexpr size_t MaxRpcFrameSize = 64 * 1024;
+
+struct RpcConnection {
+    enum class ErrorCode : int {
+        Success = 0,
+        PipeClosed = 1,
+        ReadCorrupt = 2,
+    };
+
+    enum class Opcode : uint32_t {
+        Handshake = 0,
+        Frame = 1,
+        Close = 2,
+        Ping = 3,
+        Pong = 4,
+    };
+
+    struct MessageFrameHeader {
+        Opcode opcode;
+        uint32_t length;
+    };
+
+    struct MessageFrame : public MessageFrameHeader {
+        char message[MaxRpcFrameSize - sizeof(MessageFrameHeader)];
+    };
+
+    enum class State : uint32_t {
+        Disconnected,
+        SentHandshake,
+        AwaitingResponse,
+        Connected,
+    };
+
+    BaseConnection* connection{nullptr};
+    State state{State::Disconnected};
+    void (*onConnect)(JsonDocument& message){nullptr};
+    void (*onDisconnect)(int errorCode, const char* message){nullptr};
+    char appId[64]{};
+    int lastErrorCode{0};
+    char lastErrorMessage[256]{};
+    RpcConnection::MessageFrame sendFrame;
+
+    static RpcConnection* Create(const char* applicationId);
+    static void Destroy(RpcConnection*&);
+
+    inline bool IsOpen() const { return state == State::Connected; }
+
+    void Open();
+    void Close();
+    bool Write(const void* data, size_t length);
+    bool Read(JsonDocument& message);
+};
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/serialization.cpp b/external/discord-rpc/src/serialization.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cc1e90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/serialization.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+#include "serialization.h"
+#include "connection.h"
+#include "discord_rpc.h"
+
+template <typename T>
+void NumberToString(char* dest, T number)
+{
+    if (!number) {
+        *dest++ = '0';
+        *dest++ = 0;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (number < 0) {
+        *dest++ = '-';
+        number = -number;
+    }
+    char temp[32];
+    int place = 0;
+    while (number) {
+        auto digit = number % 10;
+        number = number / 10;
+        temp[place++] = '0' + (char)digit;
+    }
+    for (--place; place >= 0; --place) {
+        *dest++ = temp[place];
+    }
+    *dest = 0;
+}
+
+// it's ever so slightly faster to not have to strlen the key
+template <typename T>
+void WriteKey(JsonWriter& w, T& k)
+{
+    w.Key(k, sizeof(T) - 1);
+}
+
+struct WriteObject {
+    JsonWriter& writer;
+    WriteObject(JsonWriter& w)
+      : writer(w)
+    {
+        writer.StartObject();
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    WriteObject(JsonWriter& w, T& name)
+      : writer(w)
+    {
+        WriteKey(writer, name);
+        writer.StartObject();
+    }
+    ~WriteObject() { writer.EndObject(); }
+};
+
+struct WriteArray {
+    JsonWriter& writer;
+    template <typename T>
+    WriteArray(JsonWriter& w, T& name)
+      : writer(w)
+    {
+        WriteKey(writer, name);
+        writer.StartArray();
+    }
+    ~WriteArray() { writer.EndArray(); }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+void WriteOptionalString(JsonWriter& w, T& k, const char* value)
+{
+    if (value && value[0]) {
+        w.Key(k, sizeof(T) - 1);
+        w.String(value);
+    }
+}
+
+static void JsonWriteNonce(JsonWriter& writer, int nonce)
+{
+    WriteKey(writer, "nonce");
+    char nonceBuffer[32];
+    NumberToString(nonceBuffer, nonce);
+    writer.String(nonceBuffer);
+}
+
+size_t JsonWriteRichPresenceObj(char* dest,
+                                size_t maxLen,
+                                int nonce,
+                                int pid,
+                                const DiscordRichPresence* presence)
+{
+    JsonWriter writer(dest, maxLen);
+
+    {
+        WriteObject top(writer);
+
+        JsonWriteNonce(writer, nonce);
+
+        WriteKey(writer, "cmd");
+        writer.String("SET_ACTIVITY");
+
+        {
+            WriteObject args(writer, "args");
+
+            WriteKey(writer, "pid");
+            writer.Int(pid);
+
+            if (presence != nullptr) {
+                WriteObject activity(writer, "activity");
+
+                WriteOptionalString(writer, "state", presence->state);
+                WriteOptionalString(writer, "details", presence->details);
+
+                if (presence->startTimestamp || presence->endTimestamp) {
+                    WriteObject timestamps(writer, "timestamps");
+
+                    if (presence->startTimestamp) {
+                        WriteKey(writer, "start");
+                        writer.Int64(presence->startTimestamp);
+                    }
+
+                    if (presence->endTimestamp) {
+                        WriteKey(writer, "end");
+                        writer.Int64(presence->endTimestamp);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ((presence->largeImageKey && presence->largeImageKey[0]) ||
+                    (presence->largeImageText && presence->largeImageText[0]) ||
+                    (presence->smallImageKey && presence->smallImageKey[0]) ||
+                    (presence->smallImageText && presence->smallImageText[0])) {
+                    WriteObject assets(writer, "assets");
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "large_image", presence->largeImageKey);
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "large_text", presence->largeImageText);
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "small_image", presence->smallImageKey);
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "small_text", presence->smallImageText);
+                }
+
+                if ((presence->partyId && presence->partyId[0]) || presence->partySize ||
+                    presence->partyMax) {
+                    WriteObject party(writer, "party");
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "id", presence->partyId);
+                    if (presence->partySize && presence->partyMax) {
+                        WriteArray size(writer, "size");
+                        writer.Int(presence->partySize);
+                        writer.Int(presence->partyMax);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if ((presence->matchSecret && presence->matchSecret[0]) ||
+                    (presence->joinSecret && presence->joinSecret[0]) ||
+                    (presence->spectateSecret && presence->spectateSecret[0])) {
+                    WriteObject secrets(writer, "secrets");
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "match", presence->matchSecret);
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "join", presence->joinSecret);
+                    WriteOptionalString(writer, "spectate", presence->spectateSecret);
+                }
+
+                writer.Key("instance");
+                writer.Bool(presence->instance != 0);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return writer.Size();
+}
+
+size_t JsonWriteHandshakeObj(char* dest, size_t maxLen, int version, const char* applicationId)
+{
+    JsonWriter writer(dest, maxLen);
+
+    {
+        WriteObject obj(writer);
+        WriteKey(writer, "v");
+        writer.Int(version);
+        WriteKey(writer, "client_id");
+        writer.String(applicationId);
+    }
+
+    return writer.Size();
+}
+
+size_t JsonWriteSubscribeCommand(char* dest, size_t maxLen, int nonce, const char* evtName)
+{
+    JsonWriter writer(dest, maxLen);
+
+    {
+        WriteObject obj(writer);
+
+        JsonWriteNonce(writer, nonce);
+
+        WriteKey(writer, "cmd");
+        writer.String("SUBSCRIBE");
+
+        WriteKey(writer, "evt");
+        writer.String(evtName);
+    }
+
+    return writer.Size();
+}
+
+size_t JsonWriteUnsubscribeCommand(char* dest, size_t maxLen, int nonce, const char* evtName)
+{
+    JsonWriter writer(dest, maxLen);
+
+    {
+        WriteObject obj(writer);
+
+        JsonWriteNonce(writer, nonce);
+
+        WriteKey(writer, "cmd");
+        writer.String("UNSUBSCRIBE");
+
+        WriteKey(writer, "evt");
+        writer.String(evtName);
+    }
+
+    return writer.Size();
+}
+
+size_t JsonWriteJoinReply(char* dest, size_t maxLen, const char* userId, int reply, int nonce)
+{
+    JsonWriter writer(dest, maxLen);
+
+    {
+        WriteObject obj(writer);
+
+        WriteKey(writer, "cmd");
+        if (reply == DISCORD_REPLY_YES) {
+            writer.String("SEND_ACTIVITY_JOIN_INVITE");
+        }
+        else {
+            writer.String("CLOSE_ACTIVITY_JOIN_REQUEST");
+        }
+
+        WriteKey(writer, "args");
+        {
+            WriteObject args(writer);
+
+            WriteKey(writer, "user_id");
+            writer.String(userId);
+        }
+
+        JsonWriteNonce(writer, nonce);
+    }
+
+    return writer.Size();
+}
diff --git a/external/discord-rpc/src/serialization.h b/external/discord-rpc/src/serialization.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..389b551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/discord-rpc/src/serialization.h
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+#pragma warning(push)
+
+#pragma warning(disable : 4061) // enum is not explicitly handled by a case label
+#pragma warning(disable : 4365) // signed/unsigned mismatch
+#pragma warning(disable : 4464) // relative include path contains
+#pragma warning(disable : 4668) // is not defined as a preprocessor macro
+#pragma warning(disable : 6313) // Incorrect operator
+#endif                          // __MINGW32__
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/writer.h"
+
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // __MINGW32__
+
+// if only there was a standard library function for this
+template <size_t Len>
+inline size_t StringCopy(char (&dest)[Len], const char* src)
+{
+    if (!src || !Len) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    size_t copied;
+    char* out = dest;
+    for (copied = 1; *src && copied < Len; ++copied) {
+        *out++ = *src++;
+    }
+    *out = 0;
+    return copied - 1;
+}
+
+size_t JsonWriteHandshakeObj(char* dest, size_t maxLen, int version, const char* applicationId);
+
+// Commands
+struct DiscordRichPresence;
+size_t JsonWriteRichPresenceObj(char* dest,
+                                size_t maxLen,
+                                int nonce,
+                                int pid,
+                                const DiscordRichPresence* presence);
+size_t JsonWriteSubscribeCommand(char* dest, size_t maxLen, int nonce, const char* evtName);
+
+size_t JsonWriteUnsubscribeCommand(char* dest, size_t maxLen, int nonce, const char* evtName);
+
+size_t JsonWriteJoinReply(char* dest, size_t maxLen, const char* userId, int reply, int nonce);
+
+// I want to use as few allocations as I can get away with, and to do that with RapidJson, you need
+// to supply some of your own allocators for stuff rather than use the defaults
+
+class LinearAllocator {
+public:
+    char* buffer_;
+    char* end_;
+    LinearAllocator()
+    {
+        assert(0); // needed for some default case in rapidjson, should not use
+    }
+    LinearAllocator(char* buffer, size_t size)
+      : buffer_(buffer)
+      , end_(buffer + size)
+    {
+    }
+    static const bool kNeedFree = false;
+    void* Malloc(size_t size)
+    {
+        char* res = buffer_;
+        buffer_ += size;
+        if (buffer_ > end_) {
+            buffer_ = res;
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize)
+    {
+        if (newSize == 0) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        // allocate how much you need in the first place
+        assert(!originalPtr && !originalSize);
+        // unused parameter warning
+        (void)(originalPtr);
+        (void)(originalSize);
+        return Malloc(newSize);
+    }
+    static void Free(void* ptr)
+    {
+        /* shrug */
+        (void)ptr;
+    }
+};
+
+template <size_t Size>
+class FixedLinearAllocator : public LinearAllocator {
+public:
+    char fixedBuffer_[Size];
+    FixedLinearAllocator()
+      : LinearAllocator(fixedBuffer_, Size)
+    {
+    }
+    static const bool kNeedFree = false;
+};
+
+// wonder why this isn't a thing already, maybe I missed it
+class DirectStringBuffer {
+public:
+    using Ch = char;
+    char* buffer_;
+    char* end_;
+    char* current_;
+
+    DirectStringBuffer(char* buffer, size_t maxLen)
+      : buffer_(buffer)
+      , end_(buffer + maxLen)
+      , current_(buffer)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void Put(char c)
+    {
+        if (current_ < end_) {
+            *current_++ = c;
+        }
+    }
+    void Flush() {}
+    size_t GetSize() const { return (size_t)(current_ - buffer_); }
+};
+
+using MallocAllocator = rapidjson::CrtAllocator;
+using PoolAllocator = rapidjson::MemoryPoolAllocator<MallocAllocator>;
+using UTF8 = rapidjson::UTF8<char>;
+// Writer appears to need about 16 bytes per nested object level (with 64bit size_t)
+using StackAllocator = FixedLinearAllocator<2048>;
+constexpr size_t WriterNestingLevels = 2048 / (2 * sizeof(size_t));
+using JsonWriterBase =
+  rapidjson::Writer<DirectStringBuffer, UTF8, UTF8, StackAllocator, rapidjson::kWriteNoFlags>;
+class JsonWriter : public JsonWriterBase {
+public:
+    DirectStringBuffer stringBuffer_;
+    StackAllocator stackAlloc_;
+
+    JsonWriter(char* dest, size_t maxLen)
+      : JsonWriterBase(stringBuffer_, &stackAlloc_, WriterNestingLevels)
+      , stringBuffer_(dest, maxLen)
+      , stackAlloc_()
+    {
+    }
+
+    size_t Size() const { return stringBuffer_.GetSize(); }
+};
+
+using JsonDocumentBase = rapidjson::GenericDocument<UTF8, PoolAllocator, StackAllocator>;
+class JsonDocument : public JsonDocumentBase {
+public:
+    static const int kDefaultChunkCapacity = 32 * 1024;
+    // json parser will use this buffer first, then allocate more if needed; I seriously doubt we
+    // send any messages that would use all of this, though.
+    char parseBuffer_[32 * 1024];
+    MallocAllocator mallocAllocator_;
+    PoolAllocator poolAllocator_;
+    StackAllocator stackAllocator_;
+    JsonDocument()
+      : JsonDocumentBase(rapidjson::kObjectType,
+                         &poolAllocator_,
+                         sizeof(stackAllocator_.fixedBuffer_),
+                         &stackAllocator_)
+      , poolAllocator_(parseBuffer_, sizeof(parseBuffer_), kDefaultChunkCapacity, &mallocAllocator_)
+      , stackAllocator_()
+    {
+    }
+};
+
+using JsonValue = rapidjson::GenericValue<UTF8, PoolAllocator>;
+
+inline JsonValue* GetObjMember(JsonValue* obj, const char* name)
+{
+    if (obj) {
+        auto member = obj->FindMember(name);
+        if (member != obj->MemberEnd() && member->value.IsObject()) {
+            return &member->value;
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+inline int GetIntMember(JsonValue* obj, const char* name, int notFoundDefault = 0)
+{
+    if (obj) {
+        auto member = obj->FindMember(name);
+        if (member != obj->MemberEnd() && member->value.IsInt()) {
+            return member->value.GetInt();
+        }
+    }
+    return notFoundDefault;
+}
+
+inline const char* GetStrMember(JsonValue* obj,
+                                const char* name,
+                                const char* notFoundDefault = nullptr)
+{
+    if (obj) {
+        auto member = obj->FindMember(name);
+        if (member != obj->MemberEnd() && member->value.IsString()) {
+            return member->value.GetString();
+        }
+    }
+    return notFoundDefault;
+}
diff --git a/external/docker/Dockerfile b/external/docker/Dockerfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..392f152
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/docker/Dockerfile
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+FROM archlinux:base
+
+RUN pacman --noconfirm -Syu gettext \
+    base-devel \
+    git \
+    bash \
+    zip \
+    upx \
+    sudo \
+    binutils \
+    file \
+    make \
+    gcc \
+    fakeroot \
+    diffutils \
+    cmake \
+    awk \
+    unzip \
+    mingw-w64-crt \
+    mingw-w64-winpthreads \
+    mingw-w64-gcc \
+    mingw-w64-headers \
+    mingw-w64-binutils
+RUN useradd user -m && echo "ALL ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
+RUN su user -c "cd /tmp/ && git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/yay.git --depth=1 && cd yay && makepkg --noconfirm -si && yay --noconfirm -S mingw-w64-cmake"
diff --git a/external/dseg/DSEG-LICENSE.txt b/external/dseg/DSEG-LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad4c0bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/dseg/DSEG-LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+Copyright (c) 2017, keshikan (http://www.keshikan.net),
+with Reserved Font Name "DSEG".
+
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+http://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
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+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
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+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
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+TERMINATION
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+DISCLAIMER
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diff --git a/external/dseg/DSEG14Classic-Italic.ttf b/external/dseg/DSEG14Classic-Italic.ttf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..035f67d
Binary files /dev/null and b/external/dseg/DSEG14Classic-Italic.ttf differ
diff --git a/external/fmt/.clang-format b/external/fmt/.clang-format
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..df55d34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/.clang-format
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Run manually to reformat a file:
+# clang-format -i --style=file <file>
+Language: Cpp
+BasedOnStyle: Google
+IndentPPDirectives: AfterHash
+IndentCaseLabels: false
+AlwaysBreakTemplateDeclarations: false
+DerivePointerAlignment: false
diff --git a/external/fmt/.gitignore b/external/fmt/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a37cb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+.vscode/
+.vs/
+
+*.iml
+.idea/
+.externalNativeBuild/
+.gradle/
+gradle/
+gradlew*
+local.properties
+build/
+support/.cxx
+
+bin/
+/_CPack_Packages
+/CMakeScripts
+/doc/doxyxml
+/doc/html
+/doc/node_modules
+virtualenv
+/Testing
+/install_manifest.txt
+*~
+*.a
+*.so*
+*.xcodeproj
+*.zip
+cmake_install.cmake
+CPack*.cmake
+fmt-*.cmake
+CTestTestfile.cmake
+CMakeCache.txt
+CMakeFiles
+FMT.build
+Makefile
+run-msbuild.bat
+fmt.pc
diff --git a/external/fmt/CMakeLists.txt b/external/fmt/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae9c569
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.18)
+
+# Fallback for using newer policies on CMake <3.12.
+if(${CMAKE_VERSION} VERSION_LESS 3.12)
+  cmake_policy(VERSION ${CMAKE_MAJOR_VERSION}.${CMAKE_MINOR_VERSION})
+endif()
+
+# Determine if fmt is built as a subproject (using add_subdirectory)
+# or if it is the master project.
+if (NOT DEFINED FMT_MASTER_PROJECT)
+  set(FMT_MASTER_PROJECT OFF)
+  if (CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR STREQUAL CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR)
+    set(FMT_MASTER_PROJECT ON)
+    message(STATUS "CMake version: ${CMAKE_VERSION}")
+  endif ()
+endif ()
+
+# Joins arguments and places the results in ${result_var}.
+function(join result_var)
+  set(result )
+  foreach (arg ${ARGN})
+    set(result "${result}${arg}")
+  endforeach ()
+  set(${result_var} "${result}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+function(enable_module target)
+  if (MSVC)
+    set(BMI ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/${target}.ifc)
+    target_compile_options(${target}
+      PRIVATE /interface /ifcOutput ${BMI}
+      INTERFACE /reference fmt=${BMI})
+  endif ()
+  set_target_properties(${target} PROPERTIES ADDITIONAL_CLEAN_FILES ${BMI})
+  set_source_files_properties(${BMI} PROPERTIES GENERATED ON)
+endfunction()
+
+include(CMakeParseArguments)
+
+# Sets a cache variable with a docstring joined from multiple arguments:
+#   set(<variable> <value>... CACHE <type> <docstring>...)
+# This allows splitting a long docstring for readability.
+function(set_verbose)
+  # cmake_parse_arguments is broken in CMake 3.4 (cannot parse CACHE) so use
+  # list instead.
+  list(GET ARGN 0 var)
+  list(REMOVE_AT ARGN 0)
+  list(GET ARGN 0 val)
+  list(REMOVE_AT ARGN 0)
+  list(REMOVE_AT ARGN 0)
+  list(GET ARGN 0 type)
+  list(REMOVE_AT ARGN 0)
+  join(doc ${ARGN})
+  set(${var} ${val} CACHE ${type} ${doc})
+endfunction()
+
+# Set the default CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE to Release.
+# This should be done before the project command since the latter can set
+# CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE itself (it does so for nmake).
+if (FMT_MASTER_PROJECT AND NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
+  set_verbose(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE Release CACHE STRING
+              "Choose the type of build, options are: None(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS or "
+              "CMAKE_C_FLAGS used) Debug Release RelWithDebInfo MinSizeRel.")
+endif ()
+
+project(FMT CXX)
+include(GNUInstallDirs)
+set_verbose(FMT_INC_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR} CACHE STRING
+            "Installation directory for include files, a relative path that "
+            "will be joined with ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX} or an absolute path.")
+
+option(FMT_PEDANTIC "Enable extra warnings and expensive tests." OFF)
+option(FMT_WERROR "Halt the compilation with an error on compiler warnings."
+       OFF)
+
+# Options that control generation of various targets.
+option(FMT_DOC "Generate the doc target." ${FMT_MASTER_PROJECT})
+option(FMT_INSTALL "Generate the install target." ${FMT_MASTER_PROJECT})
+option(FMT_TEST "Generate the test target." ${FMT_MASTER_PROJECT})
+option(FMT_FUZZ "Generate the fuzz target." OFF)
+option(FMT_CUDA_TEST "Generate the cuda-test target." OFF)
+option(FMT_OS "Include core requiring OS (Windows/Posix) " ON)
+option(FMT_MODULE "Build a module instead of a traditional library." OFF)
+
+set(FMT_CAN_MODULE OFF)
+if (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD GREATER 17 AND
+    # msvc 16.10-pre4
+    MSVC AND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_GREATER 19.29.30035)
+  set(FMT_CAN_MODULE ON)
+endif ()
+if (NOT FMT_CAN_MODULE)
+  set(FMT_MODULE OFF)
+  message(STATUS "Module support is disabled.")
+endif ()
+if (FMT_TEST AND FMT_MODULE)
+  # The tests require {fmt} to be compiled as traditional library
+  message(STATUS "Testing is incompatible with build mode 'module'.")
+endif ()
+
+# Get version from core.h
+file(READ include/fmt/core.h core_h)
+if (NOT core_h MATCHES "FMT_VERSION ([0-9]+)([0-9][0-9])([0-9][0-9])")
+  message(FATAL_ERROR "Cannot get FMT_VERSION from core.h.")
+endif ()
+# Use math to skip leading zeros if any.
+math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR ${CMAKE_MATCH_1})
+math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR ${CMAKE_MATCH_2})
+math(EXPR CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH ${CMAKE_MATCH_3})
+join(FMT_VERSION ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}.${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR}.
+                 ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_PATCH})
+message(STATUS "Version: ${FMT_VERSION}")
+
+message(STATUS "Build type: ${CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE}")
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY)
+  set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin)
+endif ()
+
+set(CMAKE_MODULE_PATH ${CMAKE_MODULE_PATH}
+  "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/support/cmake")
+
+include(cxx14)
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+include(JoinPaths)
+
+list(FIND CMAKE_CXX_COMPILE_FEATURES "cxx_variadic_templates" index)
+if (${index} GREATER -1)
+  # Use cxx_variadic_templates instead of more appropriate cxx_std_11 for
+  # compatibility with older CMake versions.
+  set(FMT_REQUIRED_FEATURES cxx_variadic_templates)
+endif ()
+message(STATUS "Required features: ${FMT_REQUIRED_FEATURES}")
+
+if (FMT_MASTER_PROJECT AND NOT DEFINED CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET)
+  set_verbose(CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET hidden CACHE STRING
+              "Preset for the export of private symbols")
+  set_property(CACHE CMAKE_CXX_VISIBILITY_PRESET PROPERTY STRINGS
+               hidden default)
+endif ()
+
+if (FMT_MASTER_PROJECT AND NOT DEFINED CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN)
+  set_verbose(CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN ON CACHE BOOL
+              "Whether to add a compile flag to hide symbols of inline functions")
+endif ()
+
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU")
+  set(PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS -pedantic-errors -Wall -Wextra -pedantic
+      -Wold-style-cast -Wundef
+      -Wredundant-decls -Wwrite-strings -Wpointer-arith
+      -Wcast-qual -Wformat=2 -Wmissing-include-dirs
+      -Wcast-align
+      -Wctor-dtor-privacy -Wdisabled-optimization
+      -Winvalid-pch -Woverloaded-virtual
+      -Wconversion -Wswitch-enum -Wundef
+      -Wno-ctor-dtor-privacy -Wno-format-nonliteral)
+  if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 4.6)
+      set(PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS ${PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS}
+         -Wno-dangling-else -Wno-unused-local-typedefs)
+  endif ()
+  if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 5.0)
+      set(PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS ${PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS} -Wdouble-promotion
+          -Wtrampolines -Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant -Wuseless-cast
+          -Wvector-operation-performance -Wsized-deallocation -Wshadow)
+  endif ()
+  if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_VERSION VERSION_LESS 6.0)
+      set(PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS ${PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS} -Wshift-overflow=2
+          -Wnull-dereference -Wduplicated-cond)
+  endif ()
+  set(WERROR_FLAG -Werror)
+endif ()
+
+if (CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+  set(PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -Wconversion -Wundef
+      -Wdeprecated -Wweak-vtables -Wshadow
+      -Wno-gnu-zero-variadic-macro-arguments)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant HAS_NULLPTR_WARNING)
+  if (HAS_NULLPTR_WARNING)
+    set(PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS ${PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS}
+        -Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant)
+  endif ()
+  set(WERROR_FLAG -Werror)
+endif ()
+
+if (MSVC)
+  set(PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS /W3)
+  set(WERROR_FLAG /WX)
+endif ()
+
+if (FMT_MASTER_PROJECT AND CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "Visual Studio")
+  # If Microsoft SDK is installed create script run-msbuild.bat that
+  # calls SetEnv.cmd to set up build environment and runs msbuild.
+  # It is useful when building Visual Studio projects with the SDK
+  # toolchain rather than Visual Studio.
+  include(FindSetEnv)
+  if (WINSDK_SETENV)
+    set(MSBUILD_SETUP "call \"${WINSDK_SETENV}\"")
+  endif ()
+  # Set FrameworkPathOverride to get rid of MSB3644 warnings.
+  join(netfxpath
+       "C:\\Program Files\\Reference Assemblies\\Microsoft\\Framework\\"
+       ".NETFramework\\v4.0")
+  file(WRITE run-msbuild.bat "
+    ${MSBUILD_SETUP}
+    ${CMAKE_MAKE_PROGRAM} -p:FrameworkPathOverride=\"${netfxpath}\" %*")
+endif ()
+
+set(strtod_l_headers stdlib.h)
+if (APPLE)
+  set(strtod_l_headers ${strtod_l_headers} xlocale.h)
+endif ()
+
+include(CheckSymbolExists)
+if (WIN32)
+  check_symbol_exists(_strtod_l "${strtod_l_headers}" HAVE_STRTOD_L)
+else ()
+  check_symbol_exists(strtod_l "${strtod_l_headers}" HAVE_STRTOD_L)
+endif ()
+
+function(add_headers VAR)
+  set(headers ${${VAR}})
+  foreach (header ${ARGN})
+    set(headers ${headers} include/fmt/${header})
+  endforeach()
+  set(${VAR} ${headers} PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
+
+# Define the fmt library, its includes and the needed defines.
+add_headers(FMT_HEADERS args.h chrono.h color.h compile.h core.h format.h
+                        format-inl.h locale.h os.h ostream.h printf.h ranges.h
+                        xchar.h)
+if (FMT_MODULE)
+  set(FMT_SOURCES src/fmt.cc)
+elseif (FMT_OS)
+  set(FMT_SOURCES src/format.cc src/os.cc)
+else()
+  set(FMT_SOURCES src/format.cc)
+endif ()
+
+add_library(fmt ${FMT_SOURCES} ${FMT_HEADERS} README.rst ChangeLog.rst)
+add_library(fmt::fmt ALIAS fmt)
+
+if (HAVE_STRTOD_L)
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PUBLIC FMT_LOCALE)
+endif ()
+
+if (MINGW)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag("Wa,-mbig-obj" FMT_HAS_MBIG_OBJ)
+  if (${FMT_HAS_MBIG_OBJ})
+    target_compile_options(fmt PUBLIC "-Wa,-mbig-obj")
+  endif()
+endif ()
+
+if (FMT_WERROR)
+  target_compile_options(fmt PRIVATE ${WERROR_FLAG})
+endif ()
+if (FMT_PEDANTIC)
+  target_compile_options(fmt PRIVATE ${PEDANTIC_COMPILE_FLAGS})
+endif ()
+if (FMT_MODULE)
+  enable_module(fmt)
+endif ()
+
+target_compile_features(fmt INTERFACE ${FMT_REQUIRED_FEATURES})
+
+target_include_directories(fmt PUBLIC
+  $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
+  $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${FMT_INC_DIR}>)
+
+set(FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX d CACHE STRING "Debug library postfix.")
+
+set_target_properties(fmt PROPERTIES
+  VERSION ${FMT_VERSION} SOVERSION ${CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR}
+  DEBUG_POSTFIX "${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX}")
+
+# Set FMT_LIB_NAME for pkg-config fmt.pc. We cannot use the OUTPUT_NAME target
+# property because it's not set by default.
+set(FMT_LIB_NAME fmt)
+if (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
+  set(FMT_LIB_NAME ${FMT_LIB_NAME}${FMT_DEBUG_POSTFIX})
+endif ()
+
+if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+  if (UNIX AND NOT APPLE AND NOT ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME} MATCHES "SunOS" AND
+      NOT EMSCRIPTEN)
+    # Fix rpmlint warning:
+    # unused-direct-shlib-dependency /usr/lib/libformat.so.1.1.0 /lib/libm.so.6.
+    target_link_libraries(fmt -Wl,--as-needed)
+  endif ()
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PRIVATE FMT_EXPORT INTERFACE FMT_SHARED)
+endif ()
+if (FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST)
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PUBLIC FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST)
+endif()
+
+add_library(fmt-header-only INTERFACE)
+add_library(fmt::fmt-header-only ALIAS fmt-header-only)
+
+target_compile_definitions(fmt-header-only INTERFACE FMT_HEADER_ONLY=1)
+target_compile_features(fmt-header-only INTERFACE ${FMT_REQUIRED_FEATURES})
+
+target_include_directories(fmt-header-only INTERFACE
+  $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include>
+  $<INSTALL_INTERFACE:${FMT_INC_DIR}>)
+
+# Install targets.
+if (FMT_INSTALL)
+  include(CMakePackageConfigHelpers)
+  set_verbose(FMT_CMAKE_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/fmt CACHE STRING
+              "Installation directory for cmake files, a relative path that "
+              "will be joined with ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX} or an absolute "
+              "path.")
+  set(version_config ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/fmt-config-version.cmake)
+  set(project_config ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/fmt-config.cmake)
+  set(pkgconfig ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/fmt.pc)
+  set(targets_export_name fmt-targets)
+
+  set_verbose(FMT_LIB_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR} CACHE STRING
+              "Installation directory for libraries, a relative path that "
+              "will be joined to ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX} or an absolute path.")
+
+  set_verbose(FMT_PKGCONFIG_DIR ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig CACHE PATH
+              "Installation directory for pkgconfig (.pc) files, a relative "
+              "path that will be joined with ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX} or an "
+              "absolute path.")
+
+  # Generate the version, config and target files into the build directory.
+  write_basic_package_version_file(
+    ${version_config}
+    VERSION ${FMT_VERSION}
+    COMPATIBILITY AnyNewerVersion)
+
+  join_paths(libdir_for_pc_file "\${exec_prefix}" "${FMT_LIB_DIR}")
+  join_paths(includedir_for_pc_file "\${prefix}" "${FMT_INC_DIR}")
+
+  configure_file(
+    "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/support/cmake/fmt.pc.in"
+    "${pkgconfig}"
+    @ONLY)
+  configure_package_config_file(
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/support/cmake/fmt-config.cmake.in
+    ${project_config}
+    INSTALL_DESTINATION ${FMT_CMAKE_DIR})
+
+  set(INSTALL_TARGETS fmt fmt-header-only)
+
+  # Install the library and headers.
+  install(TARGETS ${INSTALL_TARGETS} EXPORT ${targets_export_name}
+          LIBRARY DESTINATION ${FMT_LIB_DIR}
+          ARCHIVE DESTINATION ${FMT_LIB_DIR}
+          RUNTIME DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR})
+
+  # Use a namespace because CMake provides better diagnostics for namespaced
+  # imported targets.
+  export(TARGETS ${INSTALL_TARGETS} NAMESPACE fmt::
+         FILE ${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/${targets_export_name}.cmake)
+
+  # Install version, config and target files.
+  install(
+    FILES ${project_config} ${version_config}
+    DESTINATION ${FMT_CMAKE_DIR})
+  install(EXPORT ${targets_export_name} DESTINATION ${FMT_CMAKE_DIR}
+          NAMESPACE fmt::)
+
+  install(FILES $<TARGET_PDB_FILE:${INSTALL_TARGETS}>
+          DESTINATION ${FMT_LIB_DIR} OPTIONAL)
+  install(FILES ${FMT_HEADERS} DESTINATION "${FMT_INC_DIR}/fmt")
+  install(FILES "${pkgconfig}" DESTINATION "${FMT_PKGCONFIG_DIR}")
+endif ()
+
+if (FMT_DOC)
+  add_subdirectory(doc)
+endif ()
+
+if (FMT_TEST)
+  enable_testing()
+  add_subdirectory(test)
+endif ()
+
+# Control fuzzing independent of the unit tests.
+if (FMT_FUZZ)
+  add_subdirectory(test/fuzzing)
+
+  # The FMT_FUZZ macro is used to prevent resource exhaustion in fuzzing
+  # mode and make fuzzing practically possible. It is similar to
+  # FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION but uses a different name to
+  # avoid interfering with fuzzing of projects that use {fmt}.
+  # See also https://llvm.org/docs/LibFuzzer.html#fuzzer-friendly-build-mode.
+  target_compile_definitions(fmt PUBLIC FMT_FUZZ)
+endif ()
+
+set(gitignore ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/.gitignore)
+if (FMT_MASTER_PROJECT AND EXISTS ${gitignore})
+  # Get the list of ignored files from .gitignore.
+  file (STRINGS ${gitignore} lines)
+  list(REMOVE_ITEM lines /doc/html)
+  foreach (line ${lines})
+    string(REPLACE "." "[.]" line "${line}")
+    string(REPLACE "*" ".*" line "${line}")
+    set(ignored_files ${ignored_files} "${line}$" "${line}/")
+  endforeach ()
+  set(ignored_files ${ignored_files}
+    /.git /breathe /format-benchmark sphinx/ .buildinfo .doctrees)
+
+  set(CPACK_SOURCE_GENERATOR ZIP)
+  set(CPACK_SOURCE_IGNORE_FILES ${ignored_files})
+  set(CPACK_SOURCE_PACKAGE_FILE_NAME fmt-${FMT_VERSION})
+  set(CPACK_PACKAGE_NAME fmt)
+  set(CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_README ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/README.rst)
+  include(CPack)
+endif ()
diff --git a/external/fmt/CONTRIBUTING.md b/external/fmt/CONTRIBUTING.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b82f145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+Contributing to {fmt}
+=====================
+
+By submitting a pull request or a patch, you represent that you have the right
+to license your contribution to the {fmt} project owners and the community,
+agree that your contributions are licensed under the {fmt} license, and agree
+to future changes to the licensing.
+
+All C++ code must adhere to [Google C++ Style Guide](
+https://google.github.io/styleguide/cppguide.html) with the following
+exceptions:
+
+* Exceptions are permitted
+* snake_case should be used instead of UpperCamelCase for function and type
+  names
+
+All documentation must adhere to the [Google Developer Documentation Style
+Guide](https://developers.google.com/style).
+
+Thanks for contributing!
diff --git a/external/fmt/ChangeLog.rst b/external/fmt/ChangeLog.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a182b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/ChangeLog.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,4238 @@
+8.0.0 - TBD
+-----------
+
+* Added compile-time formatting
+  (`#2019 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2019>`_,
+  `#2044 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2044>`_,
+  `#2056 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2056>`_,
+  `#2072 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2072>`_,
+  `#2075 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2075>`_,
+  `#2129 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2129>`_,
+  `#2326 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2326>`_).
+  For example (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/Mxx9d89jM>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+     consteval auto compile_time_itoa(int value) -> std::array<char, 10> {
+       auto result = std::array<char, 10>();
+       fmt::format_to(result.data(), FMT_COMPILE("{}"), value);
+       return result;
+     }
+
+     constexpr auto answer = compile_time_itoa(42);
+
+  Most of the formatting functionality is available at compile time with a
+  notable exception of floating-point numbers and pointers.
+  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Optimized handling of format specifiers during format string compilation.
+  For example, hexadecimal formatting (``"{:x}"``) is now 3-7x faster than
+  before when using ``format_to`` with format string compilation and a
+  stack-allocated buffer (`#1944 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1944>`_).
+
+  Before (7.1.3)::
+
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    FMTCompileOld/0                         15.5 ns         15.5 ns     43302898
+    FMTCompileOld/42                        16.6 ns         16.6 ns     43278267
+    FMTCompileOld/273123                    18.7 ns         18.6 ns     37035861
+    FMTCompileOld/9223372036854775807       19.4 ns         19.4 ns     35243000
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  After (8.x)::
+
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    FMTCompileNew/0                         1.99 ns         1.99 ns    360523686
+    FMTCompileNew/42                        2.33 ns         2.33 ns    279865664
+    FMTCompileNew/273123                    3.72 ns         3.71 ns    190230315
+    FMTCompileNew/9223372036854775807       5.28 ns         5.26 ns    130711631
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  And even faster than ``std::to_chars`` from libc++ compiled with clang on
+  macOS::
+
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    Benchmark                                  Time             CPU   Iterations
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    ToChars/0                               4.42 ns         4.41 ns    160196630
+    ToChars/42                              5.00 ns         4.98 ns    140735201
+    ToChars/273123                          7.26 ns         7.24 ns     95784130
+    ToChars/9223372036854775807             8.77 ns         8.75 ns     75872534
+    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+  In other cases, especially involving ``std::string`` construction, the
+  speed up is usually lower because handling format specifiers takes a smaller
+  fraction of the total time.
+
+* Added the ``_cf`` user-defined literal to represent a compiled format string.
+  It can be used instead of the ``FMT_COMPILE`` macro
+  (`#2043 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2043>`_,
+  `#2242 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2242>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+     using namespace fmt::literals;
+     auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42); // � not modern
+     auto s = fmt::format("{}"_cf, 42);           // 🙂 modern as hell
+
+  It requires compiler support for class types in non-type template parameters
+  (a C++20 feature) which is available in GCC 9.3+.
+  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Format string compilation now requires ``format`` functions of ``formatter``
+  specializations for user-defined types to be ``const``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     template <> struct fmt::formatter<my_type>: formatter<string_view> {
+       template <typename FormatContext>
+       auto format(my_type obj, FormatContext& ctx) const {  // Note const here.
+         // ...
+       }
+     };
+
+* Added UDL-based named argument support to format string compilation
+  (`#2243 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2243>`_,
+  `#2281 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2281>`_). For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+     using namespace fmt::literals;
+     auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{answer}"), "answer"_a = 42);
+
+  Here the argument named "answer" is resolved at compile time with no
+  runtime overhead.
+  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Added format string compilation support to ``fmt::print``
+  (`#2280 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2280>`_,
+  `#2304 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2304>`_).
+  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Added initial support for compiling {fmt} as a C++20 module
+  (`#2235 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2235>`_,
+  `#2240 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2240>`_,
+  `#2260 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2260>`_,
+  `#2282 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2282>`_,
+  `#2283 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2283>`_,
+  `#2288 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2288>`_,
+  `#2298 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2298>`_,
+  `#2306 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2306>`_,
+  `#2307 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2307>`_,
+  `#2309 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2309>`_,
+  `#2318 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2318>`_,
+  `#2324 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2324>`_,
+  `#2332 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2332>`_).
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Made symbols private by default reducing shared library size
+  (`#2301 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2301>`_). For example there was
+  a ~15% reported reduction on one platform.
+  Thanks `@sergiud (Sergiu Deitsch) <https://github.com/sergiud>`_.
+
+* Added support of ranges with non-const ``begin`` / ``end``
+  (`#1953 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1953>`_).
+  Thanks `@kitegi (sarah) <https://github.com/kitegi>`_.
+
+* Added support of ``std::byte`` and other formattable types to ``fmt::join``
+  (`#1981 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1981>`_,
+  `#2040 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2040>`_,
+  `#2050 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2050>`_,
+  `#2262 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2262>`_). For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+     #include <cstddef>
+     #include <vector>
+
+     int main() {
+       auto bytes = std::vector{std::byte(4), std::byte(2)};
+       fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(bytes, ""));
+     }
+
+  prints "42".
+
+  Thanks `@kamibo (Camille Bordignon) <https://github.com/kamibo>`_.
+
+* Made more chrono specifiers locale independent by default. Use the ``'L'``
+  specifier to get localized formatting. For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       std::locale::global(std::locale("ru_RU.UTF-8"));
+       auto monday = std::chrono::weekday(1);
+       fmt::print("{}\n", monday);   // prints "Mon"
+       fmt::print("{:L}\n", monday); // prints "пн"
+     }
+
+* Deprecated ``fmt/locale.h`` moving the formatting functions that take a
+  locale to ``fmt/format.h`` (``char``) and ``fmt/xchar`` (other overloads).
+  This doesn't introduce a dependency on ``<locale>`` so there is virtually no
+  compile time effect.
+
+* Made parameter order in ``vformat_to`` consistent with ``format_to``
+  (`#2327 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2327>`_).
+
+* Added support for time points with arbitrary durations
+  (`#2208 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2208>`_). For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       using tp = std::chrono::time_point<
+         std::chrono::system_clock, std::chrono::seconds>;
+       fmt::print("{:%S}", tp(std::chrono::seconds(42)));
+     }
+
+  prints "42".
+
+* Formatting floating-point numbers no longer produces trailing zeros by default
+  for consistency with ``std::format``. For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("{0:.3}", 1.1);
+     }
+
+  prints "1.1". Use the ``'#'`` specifier to keep trailing zeros.
+
+* Dropped a limit on the number of elements in a range and replaced ``{}`` with
+  ``[]`` as range delimiters for consistency with Python's ``str.format``.
+
+* The ``'L'`` specifier for locale-specific numeric formatting can now be
+  combined with presentation specifiers as in ``std::format``. For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+     #include <locale>
+
+     int main() {
+       std::locale::global(std::locale("fr_FR.UTF-8"));
+       fmt::print("{0:.2Lf}", 0.42);
+     }
+
+  prints "0,42". The deprecated ``'n'`` specifier has been removed.
+
+* Made the ``0`` specifier ignored for infinity and NaN
+  (`#2305 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2305>`_,
+  `#2310 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2310>`_).
+  Thanks `@Liedtke (Matthias Liedtke) <https://github.com/Liedtke>`_.
+
+* Made the hexfloat formatting use the right alignment by default
+  (`#2308 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2308>`_,
+  `#2317 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2317>`_).
+  Thanks `@Liedtke (Matthias Liedtke) <https://github.com/Liedtke>`_.
+
+* Removed the deprecated numeric alignment (``'='``). Use the ``'0'`` specifier
+  instead.
+
+* Removed the deprecated ``fmt/posix.h`` header that has been replaced with
+  ``fmt/os.h``.
+
+* Removed the deprecated ``format_to_n_context``, ``format_to_n_args`` and
+  ``make_format_to_n_args``. They have been replaced with ``format_context``,
+  ``format_args` and ``make_format_args`` respectively.
+
+* Moved ``wchar_t``-specific functions and types to ``fmt/wchar.h``.
+  You can define ``FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_WCHAR`` to automatically include
+  ``fmt/wchar.h`` from ``fmt/format.h`` but this will be disabled in the next
+  major release.
+
+* Fixed handling of the ``'+'`` specifier in localized formatting
+  (`#2133 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2133>`_).
+
+* Added support for the ``'s'`` format specifier that gives textual
+  representation of ``bool``
+  (`#2109 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2109>`_). For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("{:s}", true);
+     }
+
+  prints "true".
+  Thanks `@powercoderlol (Ivan Polyakov) <https://github.com/powercoderlol>`_.
+
+* Made ``fmt::ptr`` work with function pointers
+  (`#2131 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2131>`_). For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("My main: {}\n", fmt::ptr(main));
+     }
+
+  Thanks `@mikecrowe (Mike Crowe) <https://github.com/mikecrowe>`_.
+
+* Fixed ``fmt::formatted_size`` with format string compilation
+  (`#2141 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2141>`_,
+  `#2161 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2161>`_).
+  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of empty format strings during format string compilation
+  (`#2042 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2042>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     auto s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE(""));
+
+  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of enums in ``fmt::to_string``
+  (`#2036 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2036>`_).
+
+* Improved width computation
+  (`#2033 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2033>`_). For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("{:-<10}{}\n", "你好", "世界");
+       fmt::print("{:-<10}{}\n", "hello", "world");
+     }
+
+  prints
+
+  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
+             119840373-cea3ca80-beb9-11eb-91e0-54266c48e181.png
+
+  on a modern terminal.
+
+* The experimental fast output stream (``fmt::ostream``) is now truncated by
+  default for consistency with ``fopen``. For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/os.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::ostream out1 = fmt::output_file("guide");
+       out1.print("Zaphod");
+       out1.close();
+       fmt::ostream out2 = fmt::output_file("guide");
+       out2.print("Ford");
+     }
+
+  writes "Ford" to the file "guide". To preserve the old file content if any
+  pass ``fmt::file::WRONLY | fmt::file::CREATE`` flags to ``fmt::output_file``.
+
+* Fixed moving of ``fmt::ostream`` that holds buffered data
+  (`#2197 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2197>`_,
+  `#2198 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2198>`_).
+  Thanks `@vtta <https://github.com/vtta>`_.
+
+* Replaced the ``fmt::system_error`` exception with a function of the same
+  name that constructs ``std::system_error``
+  (`#2266 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2266>`_).
+
+* Replaced the ``fmt::windows_error`` exception with a function of the same
+  name that constructs ``std::system_error`` with the category returned by
+  ``fmt::system_category()``
+  (`#2274 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2274>`_,
+  `#2275 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2275>`_).
+  The latter is similar to ``std::sytem_category`` but correctly handles UTF-8.
+  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
+
+* Replaced ``fmt::error_code`` with ``std::error_code`` and made it formattable
+  (`#2269 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2269>`_,
+  `#2270 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2270>`_,
+  `#2273 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2273>`_).
+  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
+ 
+* Added speech synthesis support
+  (`#2206 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2206>`_).
+
+* Made ``format_to`` work with a memory buffer that has a custom allocator
+  (`#2300 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2300>`_).
+  Thanks `@voxmea <https://github.com/voxmea>`_.
+
+* Added ``Allocator::max_size`` support to ``basic_memory_buffer``.
+  (`#1960 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1960>`_).
+  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
+
+* Added wide string support to ``fmt::join``
+  (`#2236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2236>`_).
+  Thanks `@crbrz <https://github.com/crbrz>`_.
+
+* Made iterators passed to ``formatter`` specializations via a format context
+  satisfy C++20 ``std::output_iterator`` requirements
+  (`#2156 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2156>`_,
+  `#2158 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2158>`_,
+  `#2195 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2195>`_,
+  `#2204 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2204>`_).
+  Thanks `@randomnetcat (Jason Cobb) <https://github.com/randomnetcat>`_.
+
+* Optimized the ``printf`` implementation
+  (`#1982 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1982>`_,
+  `#1984 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1984>`_,
+  `#2016 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2016>`_,
+  `#2164 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2164>`_).
+  Thanks `@rimathia <https://github.com/rimathia>`_ and
+  `@moiwi <https://github.com/moiwi>`_.
+
+* Improved detection of ``constexpr`` ``char_traits``
+  (`#2246 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2246>`_,
+  `#2257 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2257>`_).
+  Thanks `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_.
+
+* Fixed writing to ``stdout`` when it is redirected to ``NUL`` on Windows
+  (`#2080 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2080>`_).
+
+* Fixed exception propagation from iterators
+  (`#2097 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2097>`_).
+  
+* Improved ``strftime`` error handling 
+  (`#2238 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2238>`_,
+  `#2244 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2244>`_).
+  Thanks `@yumeyao <https://github.com/yumeyao>`_.
+
+* Stopped using deprecated GCC UDL template extension.
+
+* Added ``fmt/args.h`` to the install target.
+
+* Error messages are now passed to assert when exceptions are disabled
+  (`#2145 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2145>`_).
+  Thanks `@NobodyXu (Jiahao XU) <https://github.com/NobodyXu>`_.
+
+* Added the ``FMT_MASTER_PROJECT`` CMake option to control build and install
+  targets when {fmt} is included via ``add_subdirectory``
+  (`#2100 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2100>`_).
+  Thanks `@randomizedthinking <https://github.com/randomizedthinking>`_.
+
+* Improved build configuration
+  (`#2026 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2026>`_,
+  `#2122 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2122>`_).
+  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_ and
+  `@ibaned (Dan Ibanez) <https://github.com/ibaned>`_.
+
+* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (`#1959 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1959>`_,
+  `#1963 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1963>`_,
+  `#1965 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1965>`_,
+  `#1974 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1974>`_,
+  `#1975 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1975>`_,
+  `#1990 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1990>`_,
+  `#2001 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2001>`_,
+  `#2006 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2006>`_,
+  `#2009 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2009>`_,
+  `#2010 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2010>`_,
+  `#2038 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2038>`_,
+  `#2039 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2039>`_,
+  `#2047 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2047>`_,
+  `#2053 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2053>`_,
+  `#2059 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2059>`_,
+  `#2065 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2065>`_,
+  `#2067 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2067>`_,
+  `#2068 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2068>`_,
+  `#2073 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2073>`_,
+  `#2106 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2106>`_,
+  `#2107 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2107>`_,
+  `#2117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2117>`_,
+  `#2119 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2119>`_,
+  `#2128 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2128>`_,
+  `#2140 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2140>`_,
+  `#2142 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2142>`_,
+  `#2143 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2143>`_,
+  `#2144 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2144>`_,
+  `#2147 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2147>`_,
+  `#2148 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2148>`_,
+  `#2149 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2149>`_,
+  `#2152 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2152>`_,
+  `#2160 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2160>`_,
+  `#2170 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2170>`_,
+  `#2175 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2175>`_,
+  `#2176 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2176>`_,
+  `#2177 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2177>`_,
+  `#2178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2178>`_,
+  `#2179 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2179>`_,
+  `#2180 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2180>`_,
+  `#2181 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2181>`_,
+  `#2183 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2183>`_,
+  `#2184 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2184>`_,
+  `#2185 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2185>`_,
+  `#2186 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2186>`_,
+  `#2187 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2187>`_,
+  `#2190 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2190>`_,
+  `#2192 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2192>`_,
+  `#2194 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2194>`_,
+  `#2205 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2205>`_,
+  `#2210 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2210>`_,
+  `#2211 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2211>`_,
+  `#2215 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2215>`_,
+  `#2216 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2216>`_,
+  `#2218 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2218>`_,
+  `#2220 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2220>`_,
+  `#2228 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2228>`_,
+  `#2229 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2229>`_,
+  `#2230 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2230>`_,
+  `#2233 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2233>`_,
+  `#2239 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2239>`_,
+  `#2248 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2248>`_,
+  `#2252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2252>`_,
+  `#2253 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2253>`_,
+  `#2255 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2255>`_,
+  `#2261 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2261>`_,
+  `#2278 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2278>`_,
+  `#2284 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2284>`_,
+  `#2287 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2287>`_,
+  `#2289 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2289>`_,
+  `#2290 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2290>`_,
+  `#2293 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2293>`_,
+  `#2295 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2295>`_,
+  `#2296 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2296>`_,
+  `#2297 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2297>`_,
+  `#2311 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2311>`_,
+  `#2313 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2313>`_,
+  `#2315 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2315>`_,
+  `#2320 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2320>`_,
+  `#2321 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2321>`_,
+  `#2323 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2323>`_,
+  `#2328 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2328>`_,
+  `#2329 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2329>`_).
+  Thanks `@darklukee <https://github.com/darklukee>`_,
+  `@fagg (Ashton Fagg) <https://github.com/fagg>`_,
+  `@killerbot242 (Lieven de Cock) <https://github.com/killerbot242>`_,
+  `@jgopel (Jonathan Gopel) <https://github.com/jgopel>`_,
+  `@yeswalrus (Walter Gray) <https://github.com/yeswalrus>`_,
+  `@Finkman <https://github.com/Finkman>`_,
+  `@HazardyKnusperkeks (Björn Schäpers) <https://github.com/HazardyKnusperkeks>`_,
+  `@dkavolis (Daumantas Kavolis) <https://github.com/dkavolis>`_
+  `@concatime (Issam Maghni) <https://github.com/concatime>`_,
+  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
+  `@summivox (Yin Zhong) <https://github.com/summivox>`_,
+  `@yNeo <https://github.com/yNeo>`_,
+  `@Apache-HB (Elliot) <https://github.com/Apache-HB>`_,
+  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_,
+  `@toojays (John Steele Scott) <https://github.com/toojays>`_,
+  `@Brainy0207 <https://github.com/Brainy0207>`_,
+  `@vadz (VZ) <https://github.com/vadz>`_,
+  `@imsherlock (Ryan Sherlock) <https://github.com/imsherlock>`_,
+  `@phprus (Vladislav Shchapov) <https://github.com/phprus>`_,
+  `@white238 (Chris White) <https://github.com/white238>`_,
+  `@yafshar (Yaser Afshar) <https://github.com/yafshar>`_,
+  `@BillyDonahue (Billy Donahue) <https://github.com/BillyDonahue>`_,
+  `@jstaahl <https://github.com/jstaahl>`_,
+  `@denchat <https://github.com/denchat>`_,
+  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
+  `@ilyakurdyukov (Ilya Kurdyukov) <https://github.com/ilyakurdyukov>`_,
+  `@ilmai <https://github.com/ilmai>`_,
+  `@JessyDL (Jessy De Lannoit) <https://github.com/JessyDL>`_,
+  `@sergiud (Sergiu Deitsch) <https://github.com/sergiud>`_,
+  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
+  `@sven-herrmann <https://github.com/sven-herrmann>`_,
+  `@jmelas (John Melas) <https://github.com/jmelas>`_,
+  `@twoixter (Jose Miguel Pérez) <https://github.com/twoixter>`_.
+
+* Improved documentation
+  (`#2051 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2051>`_,
+  `#2057 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2057>`_,
+  `#2081 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2081>`_,
+  `#2312 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2312>`_).
+  Thanks `@imba-tjd (谭�鼎) <https://github.com/imba-tjd>`_,
+  `@0x416c69 (AlιAѕѕaѕѕιN) <https://github.com/0x416c69>`_,
+  `@mordante <https://github.com/mordante>`_.
+
+* Continuous integration and test improvements
+  (`#1991 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1991>`_,
+  `#2020 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2020>`_,
+  `#2110 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2110>`_,
+  `#2114 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2114>`_,
+  `#2196 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2196>`_,
+  `#2217 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2217>`_,
+  `#2247 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2247>`_,
+  `#2256 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/2256>`_).
+  Thanks `@jgopel (Jonathan Gopel) <https://github.com/jgopel>`_ and
+  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+  
+7.1.3 - 2020-11-24
+------------------
+
+* Fixed handling of buffer boundaries in ``format_to_n``
+  (`#1996 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1996>`_,
+  `#2029 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2029>`_).
+
+* Fixed linkage errors when linking with a shared library
+  (`#2011 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2011>`_).
+
+* Reintroduced ostream support to range formatters
+  (`#2014 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2014>`_).
+
+* Worked around an issue with mixing std versions in gcc
+  (`#2017 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2017>`_).
+
+7.1.2 - 2020-11-04
+------------------
+
+* Fixed floating point formatting with large precision
+  (`#1976 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1976>`_).
+
+7.1.1 - 2020-11-01
+------------------
+
+* Fixed ABI compatibility with 7.0.x
+  (`#1961 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1961>`_).
+
+* Added the ``FMT_ARM_ABI_COMPATIBILITY`` macro to work around ABI
+  incompatibility between GCC and Clang on ARM
+  (`#1919 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1919>`_).
+
+* Worked around a SFINAE bug in GCC 8
+  (`#1957 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1957>`_).
+
+* Fixed linkage errors when building with GCC's LTO
+  (`#1955 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1955>`_).
+
+* Fixed a compilation error when building without ``__builtin_clz`` or equivalent
+  (`#1968 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1968>`_).
+  Thanks `@tohammer (Tobias Hammer) <https://github.com/tohammer>`_.
+
+* Fixed a sign conversion warning
+  (`#1964 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1964>`_).
+  Thanks `@OptoCloud <https://github.com/OptoCloud>`_.
+
+7.1.0 - 2020-10-25
+------------------
+
+* Switched from `Grisu3
+  <https://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/cs257/archive/florian-loitsch/printf.pdf>`_
+  to `Dragonbox <https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox>`_ for the default
+  floating-point formatting which gives the shortest decimal representation
+  with round-trip guarantee and correct rounding
+  (`#1882 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1882>`_,
+  `#1887 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1887>`_,
+  `#1894 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1894>`_). This makes {fmt} up to
+  20-30x faster than common implementations of ``std::ostringstream`` and
+  ``sprintf`` on `dtoa-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_
+  and faster than double-conversion and Ryū:
+
+  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
+             95684665-11719600-0ba8-11eb-8e5b-972ff4e49428.png
+
+  It is possible to get even better performance at the cost of larger binary
+  size by compiling with the ``FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX`` macro set to 1.
+
+  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
+
+* Added an experimental unsynchronized file output API which, together with
+  `format string compilation <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#compile-api>`_,
+  can give `5-9 times speed up compared to fprintf
+  <https://www.zverovich.net/2020/08/04/optimal-file-buffer-size.html>`_
+  on common platforms (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/nsTcG8>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/os.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       auto f = fmt::output_file("guide");
+       f.print("The answer is {}.", 42);
+     }
+
+* Added a formatter for ``std::chrono::time_point<system_clock>``
+  (`#1819 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1819>`_,
+  `#1837 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1837>`_). For example
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/c4M6fh>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+       fmt::print("The time is {:%H:%M:%S}.\n", now);
+     }
+
+  Thanks `@adamburgess (Adam Burgess) <https://github.com/adamburgess>`_.
+
+* Added support for ranges with non-const ``begin``/``end`` to ``fmt::join``
+  (`#1784 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1784>`_,
+  `#1786 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1786>`_). For example
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/jP63Tv>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+     #include <range/v3/view/filter.hpp>
+
+     int main() {
+       using std::literals::string_literals::operator""s;
+       auto strs = std::array{"a"s, "bb"s, "ccc"s};
+       auto range = strs | ranges::views::filter(
+         [] (const std::string &x) { return x.size() != 2; }
+       );
+       fmt::print("{}\n", fmt::join(range, ""));
+     }
+
+  prints "accc".
+
+  Thanks `@tonyelewis (Tony E Lewis) <https://github.com/tonyelewis>`_.
+
+* Added a ``memory_buffer::append`` overload that takes a range
+  (`#1806 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1806>`_).
+  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
+
+* Improved handling of single code units in ``FMT_COMPILE``. For example:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+     char* f(char* buf) {
+       return fmt::format_to(buf, FMT_COMPILE("x{}"), 42);
+     }
+
+  compiles to just (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/5vncz3>`__):
+
+  .. code:: asm
+
+     _Z1fPc:
+       movb $120, (%rdi)
+       xorl %edx, %edx
+       cmpl $42, _ZN3fmt2v76detail10basic_dataIvE23zero_or_powers_of_10_32E+8(%rip)
+       movl $3, %eax
+       seta %dl
+       subl %edx, %eax
+       movzwl _ZN3fmt2v76detail10basic_dataIvE6digitsE+84(%rip), %edx
+       cltq
+       addq %rdi, %rax
+       movw %dx, -2(%rax)
+       ret
+
+  Here a single ``mov`` instruction writes ``'x'`` (``$120``) to the output
+  buffer.
+
+* Added dynamic width support to format string compilation
+  (`#1809 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1809>`_).
+
+* Improved error reporting for unformattable types: now you'll get the type name
+  directly in the error message instead of the note:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     struct how_about_no {};
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("{}", how_about_no());
+     }
+
+  Error (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/GoxM4e>`__):
+
+  ``fmt/core.h:1438:3: error: static_assert failed due to requirement
+  'fmt::v7::formattable<how_about_no>()' "Cannot format an argument.
+  To make type T formattable provide a formatter<T> specialization:
+  https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#udt"
+  ...``
+
+* Added the `make_args_checked <https://fmt.dev/7.1.0/api.html#argument-lists>`_
+  function template that allows you to write formatting functions with
+  compile-time format string checks and avoid binary code bloat
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/PEf9qr>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     void vlog(const char* file, int line, fmt::string_view format,
+               fmt::format_args args) {
+       fmt::print("{}: {}: ", file, line);
+       fmt::vprint(format, args);
+     }
+
+     template <typename S, typename... Args>
+     void log(const char* file, int line, const S& format, Args&&... args) {
+       vlog(file, line, format,
+           fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format, args...));
+     }
+
+     #define MY_LOG(format, ...) \
+       log(__FILE__, __LINE__, FMT_STRING(format), __VA_ARGS__)
+
+     MY_LOG("invalid squishiness: {}", 42);
+
+* Replaced ``snprintf`` fallback with a faster internal IEEE 754 ``float`` and
+  ``double`` formatter for arbitrary precision. For example
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/dPhWvj>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("{:.500}\n", 4.9406564584124654E-324);
+     }
+
+  prints
+
+  ``4.9406564584124654417656879286822137236505980261432476442558568250067550727020875186529983636163599237979656469544571773092665671035593979639877479601078187812630071319031140452784581716784898210368871863605699873072305000638740915356498438731247339727316961514003171538539807412623856559117102665855668676818703956031062493194527159149245532930545654440112748012970999954193198940908041656332452475714786901472678015935523861155013480352649347201937902681071074917033322268447533357208324319360923829e-324``.
+
+* Made ``format_to_n`` and ``formatted_size`` part of the `core API
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#core-api>`__
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/sPjY1K>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       char buffer[10];
+       auto result = fmt::format_to_n(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "{}", 42);
+     }
+
+* Added ``fmt::format_to_n`` overload with format string compilation
+  (`#1764 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1764>`_,
+  `#1767 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1767>`_,
+  `#1869 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1869>`_). For example
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/93h86q>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       char buffer[8];
+       fmt::format_to_n(buffer, sizeof(buffer), FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
+     }
+
+  Thanks `@Kurkin (Dmitry Kurkin) <https://github.com/Kurkin>`_,
+  `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Added ``fmt::format_to`` overload that take ``text_style``
+  (`#1593 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1593>`_,
+  `#1842 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1842>`_,
+  `#1843 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1843>`_). For example
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/91153r>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       std::string out;
+       fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
+                      fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+                      "The answer is {}.", 42);
+     }
+
+  Thanks `@Naios (Denis Blank) <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
+
+* Made the ``'#'`` specifier emit trailing zeros in addition to the decimal
+  point (`#1797 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1797>`_). For example
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/bhdcW9>`__):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("{:#.2g}", 0.5);
+     }
+
+  prints ``0.50``.
+
+* Changed the default floating point format to not include ``.0`` for
+  consistency with ``std::format`` and ``std::to_chars``
+  (`#1893 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1893>`_,
+  `#1943 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1943>`_). It is possible to get
+  the decimal point and trailing zero with the ``#`` specifier.
+
+* Fixed an issue with floating-point formatting that could result in addition of
+  a non-significant trailing zero in rare cases e.g. ``1.00e-34`` instead of
+  ``1.0e-34`` (`#1873 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1873>`_,
+  `#1917 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1917>`_).
+
+* Made ``fmt::to_string`` fallback on ``ostream`` insertion operator if
+  the ``formatter`` specialization is not provided
+  (`#1815 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1815>`_,
+  `#1829 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1829>`_).
+  Thanks `@alexezeder (Alexey Ochapov) <https://github.com/alexezeder>`_.
+
+* Added support for the append mode to the experimental file API and
+  improved ``fcntl.h`` detection.
+  (`#1847 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1847>`_,
+  `#1848 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1848>`_).
+  Thanks `@t-wiser <https://github.com/t-wiser>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of types that have both an implicit conversion operator and
+  an overloaded ``ostream`` insertion operator
+  (`#1766 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1766>`_).
+
+* Fixed a slicing issue in an internal iterator type
+  (`#1822 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1822>`_).
+  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
+
+* Fixed an issue in locale-specific integer formatting
+  (`#1927 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1927>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of exotic code unit types
+  (`#1870 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1870>`_,
+  `#1932 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1932>`_).
+
+* Improved ``FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE``
+  (`#1878 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1878>`_).
+  Thanks `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_.
+
+* Removed dependency on ``windows.h``
+  (`#1900 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1900>`_).
+  Thanks `@bernd5 (Bernd Baumanns) <https://github.com/bernd5>`_.
+
+* Optimized counting of decimal digits on MSVC
+  (`#1890 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1890>`_).
+  Thanks `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
+
+* Improved documentation
+  (`#1772 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1772>`_,
+  `#1775 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1775>`_,
+  `#1792 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1792>`_,
+  `#1838 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1838>`_,
+  `#1888 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1888>`_,
+  `#1918 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1918>`_,
+  `#1939 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1939>`_).
+  Thanks `@leolchat (Léonard Gérard) <https://github.com/leolchat>`_,
+  `@pepsiman (Malcolm Parsons) <https://github.com/pepsiman>`_,
+  `@Klaim (Joël Lamotte) <https://github.com/Klaim>`_,
+  `@ravijanjam (Ravi J) <https://github.com/ravijanjam>`_,
+  `@francesco-st <https://github.com/francesco-st>`_,
+  `@udnaan (Adnan) <https://github.com/udnaan>`_.
+
+* Added the ``FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS`` CMake option that reduces the
+  binary code size at the cost of some integer formatting performance. This can
+  be useful for extremely memory-constrained embedded systems
+  (`#1778 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1778>`_,
+  `#1781 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1781>`_).
+  Thanks `@kammce (Khalil Estell) <https://github.com/kammce>`_.
+
+* Added the ``FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES`` macro to control usage of inline
+  namespaces (`#1945 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1945>`_).
+  Thanks `@darklukee <https://github.com/darklukee>`_.
+
+* Improved build configuration
+  (`#1760 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1760>`_,
+  `#1770 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1770>`_,
+  `#1779 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1779>`_,
+  `#1783 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1783>`_,
+  `#1823 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1823>`_).
+  Thanks `@dvetutnev (Dmitriy Vetutnev) <https://github.com/dvetutnev>`_,
+  `@xvitaly (Vitaly Zaitsev) <https://github.com/xvitaly>`_,
+  `@tambry (Raul Tambre) <https://github.com/tambry>`_,
+  `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_,
+  `@martinwuehrer (Martin Wührer) <https://github.com/martinwuehrer>`_.
+
+* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (`#1790 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1790>`_,
+  `#1802 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1802>`_,
+  `#1808 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1808>`_,
+  `#1810 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1810>`_,
+  `#1811 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1811>`_,
+  `#1812 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1812>`_,
+  `#1814 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1814>`_,
+  `#1816 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1816>`_,
+  `#1817 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1817>`_,
+  `#1818 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1818>`_,
+  `#1825 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1825>`_,
+  `#1836 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1836>`_,
+  `#1855 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1855>`_,
+  `#1856 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1856>`_,
+  `#1860 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1860>`_,
+  `#1877 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1877>`_,
+  `#1879 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1879>`_,
+  `#1880 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1880>`_,
+  `#1896 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1896>`_,
+  `#1897 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1897>`_,
+  `#1898 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1898>`_,
+  `#1904 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1904>`_,
+  `#1908 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1908>`_,
+  `#1911 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1911>`_,
+  `#1912 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1912>`_,
+  `#1928 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1928>`_,
+  `#1929 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1929>`_,
+  `#1935 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1935>`_
+  `#1937 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1937>`_,
+  `#1942 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1942>`_,
+  `#1949 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1949>`_).
+  Thanks `@TheQwertiest <https://github.com/TheQwertiest>`_,
+  `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_,
+  `@martinwuehrer (Martin Wührer) <https://github.com/martinwuehrer>`_,
+  `@n16h7hunt3r <https://github.com/n16h7hunt3r>`_,
+  `@Othereum (Seokjin Lee) <https://github.com/Othereum>`_,
+  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
+  `@AlexanderLanin (Alexander Lanin) <https://github.com/AlexanderLanin>`_,
+  `@gcerretani (Giovanni Cerretani) <https://github.com/gcerretani>`_,
+  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
+  `@noizefloor (Jan Schwers) <https://github.com/noizefloor>`_,
+  `@akohlmey (Axel Kohlmeyer) <https://github.com/akohlmey>`_,
+  `@jk-jeon (Junekey Jeon) <https://github.com/jk-jeon>`_,
+  `@rimathia <https://github.com/rimathia>`_,
+  `@rglarix (Riccardo Ghetta (larix)) <https://github.com/rglarix>`_,
+  `@moiwi <https://github.com/moiwi>`_,
+  `@heckad (Kazantcev Andrey) <https://github.com/heckad>`_,
+  `@MarcDirven <https://github.com/MarcDirven>`_.
+  `@BartSiwek (Bart Siwek) <https://github.com/BartSiwek>`_,
+  `@darklukee <https://github.com/darklukee>`_.
+
+7.0.3 - 2020-08-06
+------------------
+
+* Worked around broken ``numeric_limits`` for 128-bit integers
+  (`#1787 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1787>`_).
+
+* Added error reporting on missing named arguments
+  (`#1796 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1796>`_).
+
+* Stopped using 128-bit integers with clang-cl
+  (`#1800 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1800>`_).
+  Thanks `@Kingcom <https://github.com/Kingcom>`_.
+
+* Fixed issues in locale-specific integer formatting
+  (`#1782 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1782>`_,
+  `#1801 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1801>`_).
+
+7.0.2 - 2020-07-29
+------------------
+
+* Worked around broken ``numeric_limits`` for 128-bit integers
+  (`#1725 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1725>`_).
+
+* Fixed compatibility with CMake 3.4
+  (`#1779 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1779>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of digit separators in locale-specific formatting
+  (`#1782 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1782>`_).
+
+7.0.1 - 2020-07-07
+------------------
+
+* Updated the inline version namespace name.
+
+* Worked around a gcc bug in mangling of alias templates
+  (`#1753 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1753>`_).
+
+* Fixed a linkage error on Windows
+  (`#1757 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1757>`_).
+  Thanks `@Kurkin (Dmitry Kurkin) <https://github.com/Kurkin>`_.
+
+* Fixed minor issues with the documentation.
+
+7.0.0 - 2020-07-05
+------------------
+
+* Reduced the library size. For example, on macOS a stripped test binary
+  statically linked with {fmt} `shrank from ~368k to less than 100k
+  <http://www.zverovich.net/2020/05/21/reducing-library-size.html>`_.
+
+* Added a simpler and more efficient `format string compilation API
+  <https://fmt.dev/7.0.0/api.html#compile-api>`_:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+     // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
+     // runtime format string processing.
+     std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
+
+  The old ``fmt::compile`` API is now deprecated.
+
+* Optimized integer formatting: ``format_to`` with format string compilation
+  and a stack-allocated buffer is now `faster than to_chars on both
+  libc++ and libstdc++
+  <http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_.
+
+* Optimized handling of small format strings. For example,
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+      fmt::format("Result: {}: ({},{},{},{})", str1, str2, str3, str4, str5)
+
+  is now ~40% faster (`#1685 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1685>`_).
+
+* Applied extern templates to improve compile times when using the core API
+  and ``fmt/format.h`` (`#1452 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1452>`_).
+  For example, on macOS with clang the compile time of a test translation unit
+  dropped from 2.3s to 0.3s with ``-O2`` and from 0.6s to 0.3s with the default
+  settings (``-O0``).
+
+  Before (``-O2``)::
+
+    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2
+    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2  2.22s user 0.08s system 99% cpu 2.311 total
+
+  After (``-O2``)::
+
+    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2
+    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17 -O2  0.26s user 0.04s system 98% cpu 0.303 total
+
+  Before (default)::
+
+    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17
+    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17  0.53s user 0.06s system 98% cpu 0.601 total
+
+  After (default)::
+
+    % time c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17
+    c++ -c test.cc -I include -std=c++17  0.24s user 0.06s system 98% cpu 0.301 total
+
+  It is still recommended to use ``fmt/core.h`` instead of ``fmt/format.h`` but
+  the compile time difference is now smaller. Thanks
+  `@alex3d <https://github.com/alex3d>`_ for the suggestion.
+
+* Named arguments are now stored on stack (no dynamic memory allocations) and
+  the compiled code is more compact and efficient. For example
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("The answer is {answer}\n", fmt::arg("answer", 42));
+     }
+
+  compiles to just (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/z/NcfEp_>`__)
+
+  .. code:: asm
+
+      .LC0:
+              .string "answer"
+      .LC1:
+              .string "The answer is {answer}\n"
+      main:
+              sub     rsp, 56
+              mov     edi, OFFSET FLAT:.LC1
+              mov     esi, 23
+              movabs  rdx, 4611686018427387905
+              lea     rax, [rsp+32]
+              lea     rcx, [rsp+16]
+              mov     QWORD PTR [rsp+8], 1
+              mov     QWORD PTR [rsp], rax
+              mov     DWORD PTR [rsp+16], 42
+              mov     QWORD PTR [rsp+32], OFFSET FLAT:.LC0
+              mov     DWORD PTR [rsp+40], 0
+              call    fmt::v6::vprint(fmt::v6::basic_string_view<char>,
+                                      fmt::v6::format_args)
+              xor     eax, eax
+              add     rsp, 56
+              ret
+
+          .L.str.1:
+                  .asciz  "answer"
+
+* Implemented compile-time checks for dynamic width and precision
+  (`#1614 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1614>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print(FMT_STRING("{0:{1}}"), 42);
+     }
+
+  now gives a compilation error because argument 1 doesn't exist::
+
+    In file included from test.cc:1:
+    include/fmt/format.h:2726:27: error: constexpr variable 'invalid_format' must be
+    initialized by a constant expression
+      FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL bool invalid_format =
+                              ^
+    ...
+    include/fmt/core.h:569:26: note: in call to
+    '&checker(s, {}).context_->on_error(&"argument not found"[0])'
+        if (id >= num_args_) on_error("argument not found");
+                            ^
+
+* Added sentinel support to ``fmt::join``
+  (`#1689 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1689>`_)
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    struct zstring_sentinel {};
+    bool operator==(const char* p, zstring_sentinel) { return *p == '\0'; }
+    bool operator!=(const char* p, zstring_sentinel) { return *p != '\0'; }
+
+    struct zstring {
+      const char* p;
+      const char* begin() const { return p; }
+      zstring_sentinel end() const { return {}; }
+    };
+
+    auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::join(zstring{"hello"}, "_"));
+    // s == "h_e_l_l_o"
+
+  Thanks `@BRevzin (Barry Revzin) <https://github.com/BRevzin>`_.
+
+* Added support for named arguments, ``clear`` and ``reserve`` to
+  ``dynamic_format_arg_store``
+  (`#1655 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1655>`_,
+  `#1663 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1663>`_,
+  `#1674 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1674>`_,
+  `#1677 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1677>`_).
+  Thanks `@vsolontsov-ll (Vladimir Solontsov)
+  <https://github.com/vsolontsov-ll>`_.
+
+* Added support for the ``'c'`` format specifier to integral types for
+  compatibility with ``std::format``
+  (`#1652 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1652>`_).
+
+* Replaced the ``'n'`` format specifier with ``'L'`` for compatibility with
+  ``std::format`` (`#1624 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1624>`_).
+  The ``'n'`` specifier can be enabled via the ``FMT_DEPRECATED_N_SPECIFIER``
+  macro.
+
+* The ``'='`` format specifier is now disabled by default for compatibility with
+  ``std::format``. It can be enabled via the ``FMT_DEPRECATED_NUMERIC_ALIGN``
+  macro.
+
+* Removed the following deprecated APIs:
+
+  * ``FMT_STRING_ALIAS`` and ``fmt`` macros - replaced by ``FMT_STRING``
+  * ``fmt::basic_string_view::char_type`` - replaced by
+    ``fmt::basic_string_view::value_type``
+  * ``convert_to_int``
+  * ``format_arg_store::types``
+  * ``*parse_context`` - replaced by ``*format_parse_context``
+  * ``FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_OS``
+  * ``FMT_DEPRECATED_PERCENT`` - incompatible with ``std::format``
+  * ``*writer`` - replaced by compiled format API
+
+* Renamed the ``internal`` namespace to ``detail``
+  (`#1538 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1538>`_). The former is still
+  provided as an alias if the ``FMT_USE_INTERNAL`` macro is defined.
+
+* Improved compatibility between ``fmt::printf`` with the standard specs
+  (`#1595 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1595>`_,
+  `#1682 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1682>`_,
+  `#1683 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1683>`_,
+  `#1687 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1687>`_,
+  `#1699 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1699>`_).
+  Thanks `@rimathia <https://github.com/rimathia>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of ``operator<<`` overloads that use ``copyfmt``
+  (`#1666 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1666>`_).
+
+* Added the ``FMT_OS`` CMake option to control inclusion of OS-specific APIs
+  in the fmt target. This can be useful for embedded platforms
+  (`#1654 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1654>`_,
+  `#1656 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1656>`_).
+  Thanks `@kwesolowski (Krzysztof Wesolowski)
+  <https://github.com/kwesolowski>`_.
+
+* Replaced ``FUZZING_BUILD_MODE_UNSAFE_FOR_PRODUCTION`` with the ``FMT_FUZZ``
+  macro to prevent interferring with fuzzing of projects using {fmt}
+  (`#1650 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1650>`_).
+  Thanks `@asraa (Asra Ali) <https://github.com/asraa>`_.
+
+* Fixed compatibility with emscripten
+  (`#1636 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1636>`_,
+  `#1637 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1637>`_).
+  Thanks `@ArthurSonzogni (Arthur Sonzogni)
+  <https://github.com/ArthurSonzogni>`_.
+
+* Improved documentation
+  (`#704 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/704>`_,
+  `#1643 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1643>`_,
+  `#1660 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1660>`_,
+  `#1681 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1681>`_,
+  `#1691 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1691>`_,
+  `#1706 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1706>`_,
+  `#1714 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1714>`_,
+  `#1721 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1721>`_,
+  `#1739 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1739>`_,
+  `#1740 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1740>`_,
+  `#1741 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1741>`_,
+  `#1751 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1751>`_).
+  Thanks `@senior7515 (Alexander Gallego) <https://github.com/senior7515>`_,
+  `@lsr0 (Lindsay Roberts) <https://github.com/lsr0>`_,
+  `@puetzk (Kevin Puetz) <https://github.com/puetzk>`_,
+  `@fpelliccioni (Fernando Pelliccioni) <https://github.com/fpelliccioni>`_,
+  Alexey Kuzmenko, `@jelly (jelle van der Waa) <https://github.com/jelly>`_,
+  `@claremacrae (Clare Macrae) <https://github.com/claremacrae>`_,
+  `@jiapengwen (文佳�) <https://github.com/jiapengwen>`_,
+  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
+  `@alexey-milovidov <https://github.com/alexey-milovidov>`_.
+
+* Implemented various build configuration fixes and improvements
+  (`#1603 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1603>`_,
+  `#1657 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1657>`_,
+  `#1702 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1702>`_,
+  `#1728 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1728>`_).
+  Thanks `@scramsby (Scott Ramsby) <https://github.com/scramsby>`_,
+  `@jtojnar (Jan Tojnar) <https://github.com/jtojnar>`_,
+  `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_,
+  `@flagarde <https://github.com/flagarde>`_.
+
+* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (`#1616 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1616>`_,
+  `#1620 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1620>`_,
+  `#1622 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1622>`_,
+  `#1625 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1625>`_,
+  `#1627 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1627>`_,
+  `#1628 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1628>`_,
+  `#1629 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1629>`_,
+  `#1631 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1631>`_,
+  `#1633 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1633>`_,
+  `#1649 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1649>`_,
+  `#1658 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1658>`_,
+  `#1661 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1661>`_,
+  `#1667 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1667>`_,
+  `#1668 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1668>`_,
+  `#1669 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1669>`_,
+  `#1692 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1692>`_,
+  `#1696 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1696>`_,
+  `#1697 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1697>`_,
+  `#1707 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1707>`_,
+  `#1712 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1712>`_,
+  `#1716 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1716>`_,
+  `#1722 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1722>`_,
+  `#1724 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1724>`_,
+  `#1729 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1729>`_,
+  `#1738 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1738>`_,
+  `#1742 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1742>`_,
+  `#1743 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1743>`_,
+  `#1744 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1744>`_,
+  `#1747 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1747>`_,
+  `#1750 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1750>`_).
+  Thanks `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
+  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
+  `@johnor (Johan) <https://github.com/johnor>`_,
+  `@Kurkin (Dmitry Kurkin) <https://github.com/Kurkin>`_,
+  `@invexed (James Beach) <https://github.com/invexed>`_,
+  `@peterbell10 <https://github.com/peterbell10>`_,
+  `@daixtrose (Markus Werle) <https://github.com/daixtrose>`_,
+  `@petrutlucian94 (Lucian Petrut) <https://github.com/petrutlucian94>`_,
+  `@Neargye (Daniil Goncharov) <https://github.com/Neargye>`_,
+  `@ambitslix (Attila M. Szilagyi) <https://github.com/ambitslix>`_,
+  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
+  `@erthink (Leonid Yuriev) <https://github.com/erthink>`_,
+  `@tohammer (Tobias Hammer) <https://github.com/tohammer>`_,
+  `@0x8000-0000 (Florin Iucha) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_.
+
+6.2.1 - 2020-05-09
+------------------
+
+* Fixed ostream support in ``sprintf``
+  (`#1631 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1631>`_).
+
+* Fixed type detection when using implicit conversion to ``string_view`` and
+  ostream ``operator<<`` inconsistently
+  (`#1662 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1662>`_).
+
+6.2.0 - 2020-04-05
+------------------
+
+* Improved error reporting when trying to format an object of a non-formattable
+  type:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::format("{}", S());
+
+  now gives::
+
+    include/fmt/core.h:1015:5: error: static_assert failed due to requirement
+    'formattable' "Cannot format argument. To make type T formattable provide a
+    formatter<T> specialization:
+    https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#formatting-user-defined-types"
+        static_assert(
+        ^
+    ...
+    note: in instantiation of function template specialization
+    'fmt::v6::format<char [3], S, char>' requested here
+      fmt::format("{}", S());
+           ^
+
+  if ``S`` is not formattable.
+
+* Reduced the library size by ~10%.
+
+* Always print decimal point if ``#`` is specified
+  (`#1476 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1476>`_,
+  `#1498 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1498>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::print("{:#.0f}", 42.0);
+
+  now prints ``42.``
+
+* Implemented the ``'L'`` specifier for locale-specific numeric formatting to
+  improve compatibility with ``std::format``. The ``'n'`` specifier is now
+  deprecated and will be removed in the next major release.
+
+* Moved OS-specific APIs such as ``windows_error`` from ``fmt/format.h`` to
+  ``fmt/os.h``. You can define ``FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_OS`` to automatically
+  include ``fmt/os.h`` from ``fmt/format.h`` for compatibility but this will be
+  disabled in the next major release.
+
+* Added precision overflow detection in floating-point formatting.
+
+* Implemented detection of invalid use of ``fmt::arg``.
+
+* Used ``type_identity`` to block unnecessary template argument deduction.
+  Thanks Tim Song.
+
+* Improved UTF-8 handling
+  (`#1109 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1109>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::print("┌{0:─^{2}}�\n"
+                "│{1: ^{2}}│\n"
+                "└{0:─^{2}}┘\n", "", "Привет, мир!", 20);
+
+  now prints::
+
+     ┌────────────────────�
+     │    Привет, мир!    │
+     └────────────────────┘
+
+  on systems that support Unicode.
+
+* Added experimental dynamic argument storage
+  (`#1170 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1170>`_,
+  `#1584 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1584>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+     store.push_back("answer");
+     store.push_back(42);
+     fmt::vprint("The {} is {}.\n", store);
+  
+  prints::
+
+     The answer is 42.
+
+  Thanks `@vsolontsov-ll (Vladimir Solontsov)
+  <https://github.com/vsolontsov-ll>`_.
+
+* Made ``fmt::join`` accept ``initializer_list``
+  (`#1591 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1591>`_).
+  Thanks `@Rapotkinnik (Nikolay Rapotkin) <https://github.com/Rapotkinnik>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of empty tuples
+  (`#1588 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1588>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of output iterators in ``format_to_n``
+  (`#1506 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1506>`_).
+
+* Fixed formatting of ``std::chrono::duration`` types to wide output
+  (`#1533 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1533>`_).
+  Thanks `@zeffy (pilao) <https://github.com/zeffy>`_.
+
+* Added const ``begin`` and ``end`` overload to buffers
+  (`#1553 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1553>`_).
+  Thanks `@dominicpoeschko <https://github.com/dominicpoeschko>`_.
+
+* Added the ability to disable floating-point formatting via ``FMT_USE_FLOAT``,
+  ``FMT_USE_DOUBLE`` and ``FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE`` macros for extremely
+  memory-constrained embedded system
+  (`#1590 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1590>`_).
+  Thanks `@albaguirre (Alberto Aguirre) <https://github.com/albaguirre>`_.
+
+* Made ``FMT_STRING`` work with ``constexpr`` ``string_view``
+  (`#1589 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1589>`_).
+  Thanks `@scramsby (Scott Ramsby) <https://github.com/scramsby>`_.
+
+* Implemented a minor optimization in the format string parser
+  (`#1560 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1560>`_).
+  Thanks `@IkarusDeveloper <https://github.com/IkarusDeveloper>`_.
+
+* Improved attribute detection
+  (`#1469 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1469>`_,
+  `#1475 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1475>`_,
+  `#1576 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1576>`_).
+  Thanks `@federico-busato (Federico) <https://github.com/federico-busato>`_,
+  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
+  `@refnum <https://github.com/refnum>`_.
+
+* Improved documentation
+  (`#1481 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1481>`_,
+  `#1523 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1523>`_).
+  Thanks `@JackBoosY (Jack·Boos·Yu) <https://github.com/JackBoosY>`_,
+  `@imba-tjd (谭�鼎) <https://github.com/imba-tjd>`_.
+
+* Fixed symbol visibility on Linux when compiling with ``-fvisibility=hidden``
+  (`#1535 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1535>`_).
+  Thanks `@milianw (Milian Wolff) <https://github.com/milianw>`_.
+
+* Implemented various build configuration fixes and improvements
+  (`#1264 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1264>`_,
+  `#1460 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1460>`_,
+  `#1534 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1534>`_,
+  `#1536 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1536>`_,
+  `#1545 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1545>`_,
+  `#1546 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1546>`_,
+  `#1566 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1566>`_,
+  `#1582 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1582>`_,
+  `#1597 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1597>`_,
+  `#1598 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1598>`_).
+  Thanks `@ambitslix (Attila M. Szilagyi) <https://github.com/ambitslix>`_,
+  `@jwillikers (Jordan Williams) <https://github.com/jwillikers>`_,
+  `@stac47 (Laurent Stacul) <https://github.com/stac47>`_.
+
+* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (`#1433 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1433>`_,
+  `#1461 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1461>`_,
+  `#1470 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1470>`_,
+  `#1480 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1480>`_,
+  `#1485 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1485>`_,
+  `#1492 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1492>`_,
+  `#1493 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1493>`_,
+  `#1504 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1504>`_,
+  `#1505 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1505>`_,
+  `#1512 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1512>`_,
+  `#1515 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1515>`_,
+  `#1516 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1516>`_,
+  `#1518 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1518>`_,
+  `#1519 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1519>`_,
+  `#1520 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1520>`_,
+  `#1521 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1521>`_,
+  `#1522 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1522>`_,
+  `#1524 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1524>`_,
+  `#1530 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1530>`_,
+  `#1531 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1531>`_,
+  `#1532 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1532>`_,
+  `#1539 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1539>`_,
+  `#1547 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1547>`_,
+  `#1548 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1548>`_,
+  `#1554 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1554>`_,
+  `#1567 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1567>`_,
+  `#1568 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1568>`_,
+  `#1569 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1569>`_,
+  `#1571 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1571>`_,
+  `#1573 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1573>`_,
+  `#1575 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1575>`_,
+  `#1581 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1581>`_,
+  `#1583 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1583>`_,
+  `#1586 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1586>`_,
+  `#1587 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1587>`_,
+  `#1594 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1594>`_,
+  `#1596 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1596>`_,
+  `#1604 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1604>`_,
+  `#1606 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1606>`_,
+  `#1607 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1607>`_,
+  `#1609 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1609>`_).
+  Thanks `@marti4d (Chris Martin) <https://github.com/marti4d>`_,
+  `@iPherian <https://github.com/iPherian>`_,
+  `@parkertomatoes <https://github.com/parkertomatoes>`_,
+  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
+  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
+  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
+  `@torsten48 <https://github.com/torsten48>`_,
+  `@tohammer (Tobias Hammer) <https://github.com/tohammer>`_,
+  `@lefticus (Jason Turner) <https://github.com/lefticus>`_,
+  `@ryusakki (Haise) <https://github.com/ryusakki>`_,
+  `@adnsv (Alex Denisov) <https://github.com/adnsv>`_,
+  `@fghzxm <https://github.com/fghzxm>`_,
+  `@refnum <https://github.com/refnum>`_,
+  `@pramodk (Pramod Kumbhar) <https://github.com/pramodk>`_,
+  `@Spirrwell <https://github.com/Spirrwell>`_,
+  `@scramsby (Scott Ramsby) <https://github.com/scramsby>`_.
+
+6.1.2 - 2019-12-11
+------------------
+
+* Fixed ABI compatibility with ``libfmt.so.6.0.0``
+  (`#1471 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1471>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling types convertible to ``std::string_view``
+  (`#1451 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1451>`_).
+  Thanks `@denizevrenci (Deniz Evrenci) <https://github.com/denizevrenci>`_.
+
+* Made CUDA test an opt-in enabled via the ``FMT_CUDA_TEST`` CMake option.
+
+* Fixed sign conversion warnings
+  (`#1440 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1440>`_).
+  Thanks `@0x8000-0000 (Florin Iucha) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_.
+
+6.1.1 - 2019-12-04
+------------------
+
+* Fixed shared library build on Windows
+  (`#1443 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1443>`_,
+  `#1445 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1445>`_,
+  `#1446 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1446>`_,
+  `#1450 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1450>`_).
+  Thanks `@egorpugin (Egor Pugin) <https://github.com/egorpugin>`_,
+  `@bbolli (Beat Bolli) <https://github.com/bbolli>`_.
+
+* Added a missing decimal point in exponent notation with trailing zeros.
+
+* Removed deprecated ``format_arg_store::TYPES``.
+
+6.1.0 - 2019-12-01
+------------------
+
+* {fmt} now formats IEEE 754 ``float`` and ``double`` using the shortest decimal
+  representation with correct rounding by default:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <cmath>
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       fmt::print("{}", M_PI);
+     }
+
+  prints ``3.141592653589793``.
+
+* Made the fast binary to decimal floating-point formatter the default,
+  simplified it and improved performance. {fmt} is now 15 times faster than
+  libc++'s ``std::ostringstream``, 11 times faster than ``printf`` and 10%
+  faster than double-conversion on `dtoa-benchmark
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_:
+
+  ==================  =========  =======
+  Function            Time (ns)  Speedup
+  ==================  =========  =======
+  ostringstream        1,346.30    1.00x
+  ostrstream           1,195.74    1.13x
+  sprintf                995.08    1.35x
+  doubleconv              99.10   13.59x
+  fmt                     88.34   15.24x
+  ==================  =========  =======
+
+  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
+             69767160-cdaca400-112f-11ea-9fc5-347c9f83caad.png
+
+* {fmt} no longer converts ``float`` arguments to ``double``. In particular this
+  improves the default (shortest) representation of floats and makes
+  ``fmt::format`` consistent with ``std::format`` specs
+  (`#1336 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1336>`_,
+  `#1353 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1353>`_,
+  `#1360 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1360>`_,
+  `#1361 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1361>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::print("{}", 0.1f);
+
+  prints ``0.1`` instead of ``0.10000000149011612``.
+
+  Thanks `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_.
+
+* Made floating-point formatting output consistent with ``printf``/iostreams
+  (`#1376 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1376>`_,
+  `#1417 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1417>`_).
+
+* Added support for 128-bit integers
+  (`#1287 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1287>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::print("{}", std::numeric_limits<__int128_t>::max());
+
+  prints ``170141183460469231731687303715884105727``.
+
+  Thanks `@denizevrenci (Deniz Evrenci) <https://github.com/denizevrenci>`_.
+
+* The overload of ``print`` that takes ``text_style`` is now atomic, i.e. the
+  output from different threads doesn't interleave
+  (`#1351 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1351>`_).
+  Thanks `@tankiJong (Tanki Zhang) <https://github.com/tankiJong>`_.
+
+* Made compile time in the header-only mode ~20% faster by reducing the number
+  of template instantiations. ``wchar_t`` overload of ``vprint`` was moved from
+  ``fmt/core.h`` to ``fmt/format.h``.
+
+* Added an overload of ``fmt::join`` that works with tuples
+  (`#1322 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1322>`_,
+  `#1330 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1330>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <tuple>
+     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       std::tuple<char, int, float> t{'a', 1, 2.0f};
+       fmt::print("{}", t);
+     }
+
+  prints ``('a', 1, 2.0)``.
+
+  Thanks `@jeremyong (Jeremy Ong) <https://github.com/jeremyong>`_.
+
+* Changed formatting of octal zero with prefix from "00" to "0":
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::print("{:#o}", 0);
+
+  prints ``0``.
+
+* The locale is now passed to ostream insertion (``<<``) operators
+  (`#1406 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1406>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/locale.h>
+     #include <fmt/ostream.h>
+
+     struct S {
+       double value;
+     };
+
+     std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, S s) {
+       return os << s.value;
+     }
+
+     int main() {
+       auto s = fmt::format(std::locale("fr_FR.UTF-8"), "{}", S{0.42});
+       // s == "0,42"
+     }
+
+  Thanks `@dlaugt (Daniel Laügt) <https://github.com/dlaugt>`_.
+
+* Locale-specific number formatting now uses grouping
+  (`#1393 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1393>`_
+  `#1394 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1394>`_).
+  Thanks `@skrdaniel <https://github.com/skrdaniel>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of types with deleted implicit rvalue conversion to
+  ``const char**`` (`#1421 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1421>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     struct mystring {
+       operator const char*() const&;
+       operator const char*() &;
+       operator const char*() const&& = delete;
+       operator const char*() && = delete;
+     };
+     mystring str;
+     fmt::print("{}", str); // now compiles
+
+* Enums are now mapped to correct underlying types instead of ``int``
+  (`#1286 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1286>`_).
+  Thanks `@agmt (Egor Seredin) <https://github.com/agmt>`_.
+
+* Enum classes are no longer implicitly converted to ``int``
+  (`#1424 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1424>`_).
+
+* Added ``basic_format_parse_context`` for consistency with C++20
+  ``std::format`` and deprecated ``basic_parse_context``.
+
+* Fixed handling of UTF-8 in precision
+  (`#1389 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1389>`_,
+  `#1390 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1390>`_).
+  Thanks `@tajtiattila (Attila Tajti) <https://github.com/tajtiattila>`_.
+
+* {fmt} can now be installed on Linux, macOS and Windows with
+  `Conda <https://docs.conda.io/en/latest/>`__ using its
+  `conda-forge <https://conda-forge.org>`__
+  `package <https://github.com/conda-forge/fmt-feedstock>`__
+  (`#1410 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1410>`_)::
+
+    conda install -c conda-forge fmt
+
+  Thanks `@tdegeus (Tom de Geus) <https://github.com/tdegeus>`_.
+
+* Added a CUDA test (`#1285 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1285>`_,
+  `#1317 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1317>`_).
+  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_ and
+  `@risa2000 <https://github.com/risa2000>`_.
+
+* Improved documentation (`#1276 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1276>`_,
+  `#1291 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1291>`_,
+  `#1296 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1296>`_,
+  `#1315 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1315>`_,
+  `#1332 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1332>`_,
+  `#1337 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1337>`_,
+  `#1395 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1395>`_
+  `#1418 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1418>`_).
+  Thanks
+  `@waywardmonkeys (Bruce Mitchener) <https://github.com/waywardmonkeys>`_,
+  `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_,
+  `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_.
+
+* Various code improvements
+  (`#1358 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1358>`_,
+  `#1407 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1407>`_).
+  Thanks `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_,
+  `@dpacbach (David P. Sicilia) <https://github.com/dpacbach>`_,
+
+* Fixed compile-time format string checks for user-defined types
+  (`#1292 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1292>`_).
+
+* Worked around a false positive in ``unsigned-integer-overflow`` sanitizer
+  (`#1377 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1377>`_).
+
+* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (`#1273 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1273>`_,
+  `#1278 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1278>`_,
+  `#1280 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1280>`_,
+  `#1281 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1281>`_,
+  `#1288 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1288>`_,
+  `#1290 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1290>`_,
+  `#1301 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1301>`_,
+  `#1305 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1305>`_,
+  `#1306 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1306>`_,
+  `#1309 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1309>`_,
+  `#1312 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1312>`_,
+  `#1313 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1313>`_,
+  `#1316 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1316>`_,
+  `#1319 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1319>`_,
+  `#1320 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1320>`_,
+  `#1326 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1326>`_,
+  `#1328 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1328>`_,
+  `#1344 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1344>`_,
+  `#1345 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1345>`_,
+  `#1347 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1347>`_,
+  `#1349 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1349>`_,
+  `#1354 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1354>`_,
+  `#1362 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1362>`_,
+  `#1366 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1366>`_,
+  `#1364 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1364>`_,
+  `#1370 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1370>`_,
+  `#1371 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1371>`_,
+  `#1385 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1385>`_,
+  `#1388 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1388>`_,
+  `#1397 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1397>`_,
+  `#1414 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1414>`_,
+  `#1416 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1416>`_,
+  `#1422 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1422>`_
+  `#1427 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1427>`_,
+  `#1431 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1431>`_,
+  `#1433 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1433>`_).
+  Thanks `@hhb <https://github.com/hhb>`_,
+  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
+  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
+  `@neheb (Rosen Penev) <https://github.com/neheb>`_,
+  `@vedranmiletic (Vedran Miletić) <https://github.com/vedranmiletic>`_,
+  `@dkavolis (Daumantas Kavolis) <https://github.com/dkavolis>`_,
+  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
+  `@orivej (Orivej Desh) <https://github.com/orivej>`_,
+  `@denizevrenci (Deniz Evrenci) <https://github.com/denizevrenci>`_
+  `@leonklingele <https://github.com/leonklingele>`_,
+  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
+  `@kent-tri <https://github.com/kent-tri>`_,
+  `@0x8000-0000 (Florin Iucha) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_,
+  `@marti4d (Chris Martin) <https://github.com/marti4d>`_.
+
+6.0.0 - 2019-08-26
+------------------
+
+* Switched to the `MIT license
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/5a4b24613ba16cc689977c3b5bd8274a3ba1dd1f/LICENSE.rst>`_
+  with an optional exception that allows distributing binary code without
+  attribution.
+
+* Floating-point formatting is now locale-independent by default:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <locale>
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       std::locale::global(std::locale("ru_RU.UTF-8"));
+       fmt::print("value = {}", 4.2);
+     }
+
+  prints "value = 4.2" regardless of the locale.
+
+  For locale-specific formatting use the ``n`` specifier:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     std::locale::global(std::locale("ru_RU.UTF-8"));
+     fmt::print("value = {:n}", 4.2);
+
+  prints "value = 4,2".
+
+* Added an experimental Grisu floating-point formatting algorithm
+  implementation (disabled by default). To enable it compile with the
+  ``FMT_USE_GRISU`` macro defined to 1:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #define FMT_USE_GRISU 1
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+     auto s = fmt::format("{}", 4.2); // formats 4.2 using Grisu
+
+  With Grisu enabled, {fmt} is 13x faster than ``std::ostringstream`` (libc++)
+  and 10x faster than ``sprintf`` on `dtoa-benchmark
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_ (`full results
+  <https://fmt.dev/unknown_mac64_clang10.0.html>`_):
+
+  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
+             54883977-9fe8c000-4e28-11e9-8bde-272d122e7c52.jpg
+
+* Separated formatting and parsing contexts for consistency with
+  `C++20 std::format <http://eel.is/c++draft/format>`_, removing the
+  undocumented ``basic_format_context::parse_context()`` function.
+
+* Added `oss-fuzz <https://github.com/google/oss-fuzz>`_ support
+  (`#1199 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1199>`_).
+  Thanks `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_.
+
+* ``formatter`` specializations now always take precedence over ``operator<<``
+  (`#952 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/952>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <iostream>
+     #include <fmt/ostream.h>
+
+     struct S {};
+
+     std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, S) {
+       return os << 1;
+     }
+
+     template <>
+     struct fmt::formatter<S> : fmt::formatter<int> {
+       auto format(S, format_context& ctx) {
+         return formatter<int>::format(2, ctx);
+       }
+     };
+
+     int main() {
+       std::cout << S() << "\n"; // prints 1 using operator<<
+       fmt::print("{}\n", S());  // prints 2 using formatter
+     }
+
+* Introduced the experimental ``fmt::compile`` function that does format string
+  compilation (`#618 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/618>`_,
+  `#1169 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1169>`_,
+  `#1171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1171>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/compile.h>
+
+     auto f = fmt::compile<int>("{}");
+     std::string s = fmt::format(f, 42); // can be called multiple times to
+                                         // format different values
+     // s == "42"
+
+  It moves the cost of parsing a format string outside of the format function
+  which can be beneficial when identically formatting many objects of the same
+  types. Thanks `@stryku (Mateusz Janek) <https://github.com/stryku>`_.
+
+* Added experimental ``%`` format specifier that formats floating-point values
+  as percentages (`#1060 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1060>`_,
+  `#1069 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1069>`_,
+  `#1071 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1071>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     auto s = fmt::format("{:.1%}", 0.42); // s == "42.0%"
+
+  Thanks `@gawain-bolton (Gawain Bolton) <https://github.com/gawain-bolton>`_.
+
+* Implemented precision for floating-point durations
+  (`#1004 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1004>`_,
+  `#1012 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1012>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     auto s = fmt::format("{:.1}", std::chrono::duration<double>(1.234));
+     // s == 1.2s
+
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Implemented ``chrono`` format specifiers ``%Q`` and ``%q`` that give the value
+  and the unit respectively (`#1019 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1019>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     auto value = fmt::format("{:%Q}", 42s); // value == "42"
+     auto unit  = fmt::format("{:%q}", 42s); // unit == "s"
+
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of dynamic width in chrono formatter:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     auto s = fmt::format("{0:{1}%H:%M:%S}", std::chrono::seconds(12345), 12);
+     //                        ^ width argument index                     ^ width
+     // s == "03:25:45    "
+
+  Thanks Howard Hinnant.
+
+* Removed deprecated ``fmt/time.h``. Use ``fmt/chrono.h`` instead.
+
+* Added ``fmt::format`` and ``fmt::vformat`` overloads that take ``text_style``
+  (`#993 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/993>`_,
+  `#994 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/994>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+     std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+                                       "The answer is {}.", 42);
+
+  Thanks `@Naios (Denis Blank) <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
+
+* Removed the deprecated color API (``print_colored``). Use the new API, namely
+  ``print`` overloads that take ``text_style`` instead.
+
+* Made ``std::unique_ptr`` and ``std::shared_ptr`` formattable as pointers via
+  ``fmt::ptr`` (`#1121 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1121>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     std::unique_ptr<int> p = ...;
+     fmt::print("{}", fmt::ptr(p)); // prints p as a pointer
+
+  Thanks `@sighingnow (Tao He) <https://github.com/sighingnow>`_.
+
+* Made ``print`` and ``vprint`` report I/O errors
+  (`#1098 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1098>`_,
+  `#1099 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1099>`_).
+  Thanks `@BillyDonahue (Billy Donahue) <https://github.com/BillyDonahue>`_.
+
+* Marked deprecated APIs with the ``[[deprecated]]`` attribute and removed
+  internal uses of deprecated APIs
+  (`#1022 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1022>`_).
+  Thanks `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_.
+
+* Modernized the codebase using more C++11 features and removing workarounds.
+  Most importantly, ``buffer_context`` is now an alias template, so
+  use ``buffer_context<T>`` instead of ``buffer_context<T>::type``.
+  These features require GCC 4.8 or later.
+
+* ``formatter`` specializations now always take precedence over implicit
+  conversions to ``int`` and the undocumented ``convert_to_int`` trait
+  is now deprecated.
+
+* Moved the undocumented ``basic_writer``, ``writer``, and ``wwriter`` types
+  to the ``internal`` namespace.
+
+* Removed deprecated ``basic_format_context::begin()``. Use ``out()`` instead.
+
+* Disallowed passing the result of ``join`` as an lvalue to prevent misuse.
+
+* Refactored the undocumented structs that represent parsed format specifiers
+  to simplify the API and allow multibyte fill.
+
+* Moved SFINAE to template parameters to reduce symbol sizes.
+
+* Switched to ``fputws`` for writing wide strings so that it's no longer
+  required to call ``_setmode`` on Windows
+  (`#1229 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1229>`_,
+  `#1243 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1243>`_).
+  Thanks `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_.
+
+* Improved literal-based API
+  (`#1254 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1254>`_).
+  Thanks `@sylveon (Charles Milette) <https://github.com/sylveon>`_.
+
+* Added support for exotic platforms without ``uintptr_t`` such as IBM i
+  (AS/400) which has 128-bit pointers and only 64-bit integers
+  (`#1059 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1059>`_).
+
+* Added `Sublime Text syntax highlighting config
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/support/C%2B%2B.sublime-syntax>`_
+  (`#1037 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1037>`_).
+  Thanks `@Kronuz (Germán Méndez Bravo) <https://github.com/Kronuz>`_.
+
+* Added the ``FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING`` macro to enforce the use of
+  compile-time format strings
+  (`#1231 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1231>`_).
+  Thanks `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_.
+
+* Stopped setting ``CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE`` if {fmt} is a subproject
+  (`#1081 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1081>`_).
+
+* Various build improvements
+  (`#1039 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1039>`_,
+  `#1078 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1078>`_,
+  `#1091 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1091>`_,
+  `#1103 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1103>`_,
+  `#1177 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1177>`_).
+  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_,
+  `@jasonszang (Jason Shuo Zang) <https://github.com/jasonszang>`_,
+  `@olafhering (Olaf Hering) <https://github.com/olafhering>`_,
+  `@Lecetem <https://github.com/Lectem>`_,
+  `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_.
+
+* Improved documentation
+  (`#1049 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1049>`_,
+  `#1051 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1051>`_,
+  `#1083 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1083>`_,
+  `#1113 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1113>`_,
+  `#1114 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1114>`_,
+  `#1146 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1146>`_,
+  `#1180 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1180>`_,
+  `#1250 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1250>`_,
+  `#1252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1252>`_,
+  `#1265 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1265>`_).
+  Thanks `@mikelui (Michael Lui) <https://github.com/mikelui>`_,
+  `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
+  `@BillyDonahue (Billy Donahue) <https://github.com/BillyDonahue>`_,
+  `@jwakely (Jonathan Wakely) <https://github.com/jwakely>`_,
+  `@kaisbe (Kais Ben Salah) <https://github.com/kaisbe>`_,
+  `@sdebionne (Samuel Debionne) <https://github.com/sdebionne>`_.
+
+* Fixed ambiguous formatter specialization in ``fmt/ranges.h``
+  (`#1123 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1123>`_).
+
+* Fixed formatting of a non-empty ``std::filesystem::path`` which is an
+  infinitely deep range of its components
+  (`#1268 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1268>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of general output iterators when formatting characters
+  (`#1056 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1056>`_,
+  `#1058 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1058>`_).
+  Thanks `@abolz (Alexander Bolz) <https://github.com/abolz>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of output iterators in ``formatter`` specialization for
+  ranges (`#1064 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1064>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of exotic character types
+  (`#1188 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1188>`_).
+
+* Made chrono formatting work with exceptions disabled
+  (`#1062 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1062>`_).
+
+* Fixed DLL visibility issues
+  (`#1134 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1134>`_,
+  `#1147 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1147>`_).
+  Thanks `@denchat <https://github.com/denchat>`_.
+
+* Disabled the use of UDL template extension on GCC 9
+  (`#1148 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1148>`_).
+
+* Removed misplaced ``format`` compile-time checks from ``printf``
+  (`#1173 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1173>`_).
+
+* Fixed issues in the experimental floating-point formatter
+  (`#1072 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1072>`_,
+  `#1129 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1129>`_,
+  `#1153 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1153>`_,
+  `#1155 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1155>`_,
+  `#1210 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1210>`_,
+  `#1222 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1222>`_).
+  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
+
+* Fixed bugs discovered by fuzzing or during fuzzing integration
+  (`#1124 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1124>`_,
+  `#1127 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1127>`_,
+  `#1132 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1132>`_,
+  `#1135 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1135>`_,
+  `#1136 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1136>`_,
+  `#1141 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1141>`_,
+  `#1142 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1142>`_,
+  `#1178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1178>`_,
+  `#1179 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1179>`_,
+  `#1194 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1194>`_).
+  Thanks `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_.
+
+* Fixed building tests on FreeBSD and Hurd
+  (`#1043 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1043>`_).
+  Thanks `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
+
+* Fixed various warnings and compilation issues
+  (`#998 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/998>`_,
+  `#1006 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1006>`_,
+  `#1008 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1008>`_,
+  `#1011 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1011>`_,
+  `#1025 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1025>`_,
+  `#1027 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1027>`_,
+  `#1028 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1028>`_,
+  `#1029 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1029>`_,
+  `#1030 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1030>`_,
+  `#1031 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1031>`_,
+  `#1054 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1054>`_,
+  `#1063 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1063>`_,
+  `#1068 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1068>`_,
+  `#1074 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1074>`_,
+  `#1075 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1075>`_,
+  `#1079 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1079>`_,
+  `#1086 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1086>`_,
+  `#1088 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1088>`_,
+  `#1089 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1089>`_,
+  `#1094 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1094>`_,
+  `#1101 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1101>`_,
+  `#1102 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1102>`_,
+  `#1105 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1105>`_,
+  `#1107 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1107>`_,
+  `#1115 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1115>`_,
+  `#1117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1117>`_,
+  `#1118 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1118>`_,
+  `#1120 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1120>`_,
+  `#1123 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1123>`_,
+  `#1139 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1139>`_,
+  `#1140 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1140>`_,
+  `#1143 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1143>`_,
+  `#1144 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1144>`_,
+  `#1150 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1150>`_,
+  `#1151 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1151>`_,
+  `#1152 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1152>`_,
+  `#1154 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1154>`_,
+  `#1156 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1156>`_,
+  `#1159 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1159>`_,
+  `#1175 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1175>`_,
+  `#1181 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1181>`_,
+  `#1186 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1186>`_,
+  `#1187 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1187>`_,
+  `#1191 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1191>`_,
+  `#1197 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1197>`_,
+  `#1200 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1200>`_,
+  `#1203 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1203>`_,
+  `#1205 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1205>`_,
+  `#1206 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1206>`_,
+  `#1213 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1213>`_,
+  `#1214 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1214>`_,
+  `#1217 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1217>`_,
+  `#1228 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1228>`_,
+  `#1230 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1230>`_,
+  `#1232 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1232>`_,
+  `#1235 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1235>`_,
+  `#1236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/1236>`_,
+  `#1240 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/1240>`_).
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
+  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
+  `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_,
+  `@morinmorin <https://github.com/morinmorin>`_,
+  `@ricco19 (Brian Ricciardelli) <https://github.com/ricco19>`_,
+  `@waywardmonkeys (Bruce Mitchener) <https://github.com/waywardmonkeys>`_,
+  `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
+  `@remyabel <https://github.com/remyabel>`_,
+  `@pauldreik (Paul Dreik) <https://github.com/pauldreik>`_,
+  `@gsjaardema (Greg Sjaardema) <https://github.com/gsjaardema>`_,
+  `@rcane (Ronny Krüger) <https://github.com/rcane>`_,
+  `@mocabe <https://github.com/mocabe>`_,
+  `@denchat <https://github.com/denchat>`_,
+  `@cjdb (Christopher Di Bella) <https://github.com/cjdb>`_,
+  `@HazardyKnusperkeks (Björn Schäpers) <https://github.com/HazardyKnusperkeks>`_,
+  `@vedranmiletic (Vedran Miletić) <https://github.com/vedranmiletic>`_,
+  `@jackoalan (Jack Andersen) <https://github.com/jackoalan>`_,
+  `@DaanDeMeyer (Daan De Meyer) <https://github.com/DaanDeMeyer>`_,
+  `@starkmapper (Mark Stapper) <https://github.com/starkmapper>`_.
+
+5.3.0 - 2018-12-28
+------------------
+
+* Introduced experimental chrono formatting support:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
+       fmt::print("Default format: {} {}\n", 42s, 100ms);
+       fmt::print("strftime-like format: {:%H:%M:%S}\n", 3h + 15min + 30s);
+     }
+
+  prints::
+
+     Default format: 42s 100ms
+     strftime-like format: 03:15:30
+
+* Added experimental support for emphasis (bold, italic, underline,
+  strikethrough), colored output to a file stream, and improved colored
+  formatting API
+  (`#961 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/961>`_,
+  `#967 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/967>`_,
+  `#973 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/973>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
+             "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
+       print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
+             fmt::emphasis::underline, "Hello, {}!\n", "мир");
+       print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
+             "Hello, {}!\n", "世界");
+     }
+
+  prints the following on modern terminals with RGB color support:
+
+  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
+             50405788-b66e7500-076e-11e9-9592-7324d1f951d8.png
+
+  Thanks `@Rakete1111 (Nicolas) <https://github.com/Rakete1111>`_.
+
+* Added support for 4-bit terminal colors
+  (`#968 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/968>`_,
+  `#974 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/974>`_)
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       print(fg(fmt::terminal_color::red), "stop\n");
+     }
+
+  Note that these colors vary by terminal:
+
+  .. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
+             50405925-dbfc7e00-0770-11e9-9b85-333fab0af9ac.png
+
+  Thanks `@Rakete1111 (Nicolas) <https://github.com/Rakete1111>`_.
+
+* Parameterized formatting functions on the type of the format string
+  (`#880 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/880>`_,
+  `#881 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/881>`_,
+  `#883 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/883>`_,
+  `#885 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/885>`_,
+  `#897 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/897>`_,
+  `#920 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/920>`_).
+  Any object of type ``S`` that has an overloaded ``to_string_view(const S&)``
+  returning ``fmt::string_view`` can be used as a format string:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     namespace my_ns {
+     inline string_view to_string_view(const my_string& s) {
+       return {s.data(), s.length()};
+     }
+     }
+
+     std::string message = fmt::format(my_string("The answer is {}."), 42);
+
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Made ``std::string_view`` work as a format string
+  (`#898 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/898>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     auto message = fmt::format(std::string_view("The answer is {}."), 42);
+
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Added wide string support to compile-time format string checks
+  (`#924 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/924>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     print(fmt(L"{:f}"), 42); // compile-time error: invalid type specifier
+
+  Thanks `@XZiar <https://github.com/XZiar>`_.
+
+* Made colored print functions work with wide strings
+  (`#867 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/867>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+     int main() {
+       print(fg(fmt::color::red), L"{}\n", 42);
+     }
+
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Introduced experimental Unicode support
+  (`#628 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/628>`_,
+  `#891 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/891>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     using namespace fmt::literals;
+     auto s = fmt::format("{:*^5}"_u, "🤡"_u); // s == "**🤡**"_u
+
+* Improved locale support:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/locale.h>
+
+     struct numpunct : std::numpunct<char> {
+      protected:
+       char do_thousands_sep() const override { return '~'; }
+     };
+
+     std::locale loc;
+     auto s = fmt::format(std::locale(loc, new numpunct()), "{:n}", 1234567);
+     // s == "1~234~567"
+
+* Constrained formatting functions on proper iterator types
+  (`#921 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/921>`_).
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Added ``make_printf_args`` and ``make_wprintf_args`` functions
+  (`#934 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/934>`_).
+  Thanks `@tnovotny <https://github.com/tnovotny>`_.
+
+* Deprecated ``fmt::visit``, ``parse_context``, and ``wparse_context``.
+  Use ``fmt::visit_format_arg``, ``format_parse_context``, and
+  ``wformat_parse_context`` instead.
+
+* Removed undocumented ``basic_fixed_buffer`` which has been superseded by the
+  iterator-based API
+  (`#873 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/873>`_,
+  `#902 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/902>`_).
+  Thanks `@superfunc (hollywood programmer) <https://github.com/superfunc>`_.
+
+* Disallowed repeated leading zeros in an argument ID:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::print("{000}", 42); // error
+
+* Reintroduced support for gcc 4.4.
+
+* Fixed compilation on platforms with exotic ``double``
+  (`#878 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/878>`_).
+
+* Improved documentation
+  (`#164 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/164>`_,
+  `#877 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/877>`_,
+  `#901 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/901>`_,
+  `#906 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/906>`_,
+  `#979 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/979>`_).
+  Thanks `@kookjr (Mathew Cucuzella) <https://github.com/kookjr>`_,
+  `@DarkDimius (Dmitry Petrashko) <https://github.com/DarkDimius>`_,
+  `@HecticSerenity <https://github.com/HecticSerenity>`_.
+
+* Added pkgconfig support which makes it easier to consume the library from
+  meson and other build systems
+  (`#916 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/916>`_).
+  Thanks `@colemickens (Cole Mickens) <https://github.com/colemickens>`_.
+
+* Various build improvements
+  (`#909 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/909>`_,
+  `#926 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/926>`_,
+  `#937 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/937>`_,
+  `#953 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/953>`_,
+  `#959 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/959>`_).
+  Thanks `@tchaikov (Kefu Chai) <https://github.com/tchaikov>`_,
+  `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_,
+  `@AndreasSchoenle (Andreas Schönle) <https://github.com/AndreasSchoenle>`_,
+  `@hotwatermorning <https://github.com/hotwatermorning>`_,
+  `@Zefz (JohanJansen) <https://github.com/Zefz>`_.
+
+* Improved ``string_view`` construction performance
+  (`#914 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/914>`_).
+  Thanks `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_.
+
+* Fixed non-matching char types
+  (`#895 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/895>`_).
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Fixed ``format_to_n`` with ``std::back_insert_iterator``
+  (`#913 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/913>`_).
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Fixed locale-dependent formatting
+  (`#905 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/905>`_).
+
+* Fixed various compiler warnings and errors
+  (`#882 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/882>`_,
+  `#886 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/886>`_,
+  `#933 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/933>`_,
+  `#941 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/941>`_,
+  `#931 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/931>`_,
+  `#943 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/943>`_,
+  `#954 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/954>`_,
+  `#956 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/956>`_,
+  `#962 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/962>`_,
+  `#965 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/965>`_,
+  `#977 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/977>`_,
+  `#983 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/983>`_,
+  `#989 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/989>`_).
+  Thanks `@Luthaf (Guillaume Fraux) <https://github.com/Luthaf>`_,
+  `@stevenhoving (Steven Hoving) <https://github.com/stevenhoving>`_,
+  `@christinaa (Kristina Brooks) <https://github.com/christinaa>`_,
+  `@lgritz (Larry Gritz) <https://github.com/lgritz>`_,
+  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
+  `@0x8000-0000 (Sign Bit) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_,
+  `@liuping1997 <https://github.com/liuping1997>`_.
+
+5.2.1 - 2018-09-21
+------------------
+
+* Fixed ``visit`` lookup issues on gcc 7 & 8
+  (`#870 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/870>`_).
+  Thanks `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_.
+
+* Fixed linkage errors on older gcc.
+
+* Prevented ``fmt/range.h`` from specializing ``fmt::basic_string_view``
+  (`#865 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/865>`_,
+  `#868 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/868>`_).
+  Thanks `@hhggit (dual) <https://github.com/hhggit>`_.
+
+* Improved error message when formatting unknown types
+  (`#872 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/872>`_).
+  Thanks `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
+
+* Disabled templated user-defined literals when compiled under nvcc
+  (`#875 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/875>`_).
+  Thanks `@CandyGumdrop (Candy Gumdrop) <https://github.com/CandyGumdrop>`_,
+
+* Fixed ``format_to`` formatting to ``wmemory_buffer``
+  (`#874 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/874>`_).
+
+5.2.0 - 2018-09-13
+------------------
+
+* Optimized format string parsing and argument processing which resulted in up
+  to 5x speed up on long format strings and significant performance boost on
+  various benchmarks. For example, version 5.2 is 2.22x faster than 5.1 on
+  decimal integer formatting with ``format_to`` (macOS, clang-902.0.39.2):
+
+  ==================  =======  =======
+  Method              Time, s  Speedup
+  ==================  =======  =======
+  fmt::format 5.1      0.58
+  fmt::format 5.2      0.35     1.66x
+  fmt::format_to 5.1   0.51
+  fmt::format_to 5.2   0.23     2.22x
+  sprintf              0.71
+  std::to_string       1.01
+  std::stringstream    1.73
+  ==================  =======  =======
+
+* Changed the ``fmt`` macro from opt-out to opt-in to prevent name collisions.
+  To enable it define the ``FMT_STRING_ALIAS`` macro to 1 before including
+  ``fmt/format.h``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #define FMT_STRING_ALIAS 1
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+     std::string answer = format(fmt("{}"), 42);
+
+* Added compile-time format string checks to ``format_to`` overload that takes
+  ``fmt::memory_buffer`` (`#783 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/783>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::memory_buffer buf;
+     // Compile-time error: invalid type specifier.
+     fmt::format_to(buf, fmt("{:d}"), "foo");
+
+* Moved experimental color support to ``fmt/color.h`` and enabled the
+  new API by default. The old API can be enabled by defining the
+  ``FMT_DEPRECATED_COLORS`` macro.
+
+* Added formatting support for types explicitly convertible to
+  ``fmt::string_view``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     struct foo {
+       explicit operator fmt::string_view() const { return "foo"; }
+     };
+     auto s = format("{}", foo());
+
+  In particular, this makes formatting function work with
+  ``folly::StringPiece``.
+
+* Implemented preliminary support for ``char*_t`` by replacing the ``format``
+  function overloads with a single function template parameterized on the string
+  type.
+
+* Added support for dynamic argument lists
+  (`#814 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/814>`_,
+  `#819 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/819>`_).
+  Thanks `@MikePopoloski (Michael Popoloski)
+  <https://github.com/MikePopoloski>`_.
+
+* Reduced executable size overhead for embedded targets using newlib nano by
+  making locale dependency optional
+  (`#839 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/839>`_).
+  Thanks `@teajay-fr (Thomas Benard) <https://github.com/teajay-fr>`_.
+
+* Keep ``noexcept`` specifier when exceptions are disabled
+  (`#801 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/801>`_,
+  `#810 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/810>`_).
+  Thanks `@qis (Alexej Harm) <https://github.com/qis>`_.
+
+* Fixed formatting of user-defined types providing ``operator<<`` with
+  ``format_to_n``
+  (`#806 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/806>`_).
+  Thanks `@mkurdej (Marek Kurdej) <https://github.com/mkurdej>`_.
+
+* Fixed dynamic linkage of new symbols
+  (`#808 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/808>`_).
+
+* Fixed global initialization issue
+  (`#807 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/807>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     // This works on compilers with constexpr support.
+     static const std::string answer = fmt::format("{}", 42);
+
+* Fixed various compiler warnings and errors
+  (`#804 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/804>`_,
+  `#809 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/809>`_,
+  `#811 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/811>`_,
+  `#822 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/822>`_,
+  `#827 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/827>`_,
+  `#830 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/830>`_,
+  `#838 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/838>`_,
+  `#843 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/843>`_,
+  `#844 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/844>`_,
+  `#851 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/851>`_,
+  `#852 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/852>`_,
+  `#854 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/854>`_).
+  Thanks `@henryiii (Henry Schreiner) <https://github.com/henryiii>`_,
+  `@medithe <https://github.com/medithe>`_, and
+  `@eliasdaler (Elias Daler) <https://github.com/eliasdaler>`_.
+
+5.1.0 - 2018-07-05
+------------------
+
+* Added experimental support for RGB color output enabled with
+  the ``FMT_EXTENDED_COLORS`` macro:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #define FMT_EXTENDED_COLORS
+     #define FMT_HEADER_ONLY // or compile fmt with FMT_EXTENDED_COLORS defined
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+     fmt::print(fmt::color::steel_blue, "Some beautiful text");
+
+  The old API (the ``print_colored`` and ``vprint_colored`` functions and the
+  ``color`` enum) is now deprecated.
+  (`#762 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/762>`_
+  `#767 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/767>`_).
+  thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_.
+
+* Added quotes to strings in ranges and tuples
+  (`#766 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/766>`_).
+  Thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_.
+
+* Made ``format_to`` work with ``basic_memory_buffer``
+  (`#776 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/776>`_).
+
+* Added ``vformat_to_n`` and ``wchar_t`` overload of ``format_to_n``
+  (`#764 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/764>`_,
+  `#769 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/769>`_).
+
+* Made ``is_range`` and ``is_tuple_like`` part of public (experimental) API
+  to allow specialization for user-defined types
+  (`#751 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/751>`_,
+  `#759 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/759>`_).
+  Thanks `@drrlvn (Dror Levin) <https://github.com/drrlvn>`_.
+
+* Added more compilers to continuous integration and increased ``FMT_PEDANTIC``
+  warning levels
+  (`#736 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/736>`_).
+  Thanks `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_.
+
+* Fixed compilation with MSVC 2013.
+
+* Fixed handling of user-defined types in ``format_to``
+  (`#793 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/793>`_).
+
+* Forced linking of inline ``vformat`` functions into the library
+  (`#795 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/795>`_).
+
+* Fixed incorrect call to on_align in ``'{:}='``
+  (`#750 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/750>`_).
+
+* Fixed floating-point formatting to a non-back_insert_iterator with sign &
+  numeric alignment specified
+  (`#756 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/756>`_).
+
+* Fixed formatting to an array with ``format_to_n``
+  (`#778 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/778>`_).
+
+* Fixed formatting of more than 15 named arguments
+  (`#754 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/754>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of compile-time strings when including ``fmt/ostream.h``.
+  (`#768 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/768>`_).
+
+* Fixed various compiler warnings and errors
+  (`#742 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/742>`_,
+  `#748 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/748>`_,
+  `#752 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/752>`_,
+  `#770 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/770>`_,
+  `#775 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/775>`_,
+  `#779 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/779>`_,
+  `#780 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/780>`_,
+  `#790 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/790>`_,
+  `#792 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/792>`_,
+  `#800 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/800>`_).
+  Thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_,
+  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
+  `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
+  `@Dark-Passenger (Dhruv Paranjape) <https://github.com/Dark-Passenger>`_, and
+  `@0x8000-0000 (Sign Bit) <https://github.com/0x8000-0000>`_.
+
+5.0.0 - 2018-05-21
+------------------
+
+* Added a requirement for partial C++11 support, most importantly variadic
+  templates and type traits, and dropped ``FMT_VARIADIC_*`` emulation macros.
+  Variadic templates are available since GCC 4.4, Clang 2.9 and MSVC 18.0 (2013).
+  For older compilers use {fmt} `version 4.x
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/releases/tag/4.1.0>`_ which continues to be
+  maintained and works with C++98 compilers.
+
+* Renamed symbols to follow standard C++ naming conventions and proposed a subset
+  of the library for standardization in `P0645R2 Text Formatting
+  <https://wg21.link/P0645>`_.
+
+* Implemented ``constexpr`` parsing of format strings and `compile-time format
+  string checks
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#compile-time-format-string-checks>`_. For
+  example
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+     std::string s = format(fmt("{:d}"), "foo");
+
+  gives a compile-time error because ``d`` is an invalid specifier for strings
+  (`godbolt <https://godbolt.org/g/rnCy9Q>`__)::
+
+     ...
+     <source>:4:19: note: in instantiation of function template specialization 'fmt::v5::format<S, char [4]>' requested here
+       std::string s = format(fmt("{:d}"), "foo");
+                       ^
+     format.h:1337:13: note: non-constexpr function 'on_error' cannot be used in a constant expression
+         handler.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+
+  Compile-time checks require relaxed ``constexpr`` (C++14 feature) support. If
+  the latter is not available, checks will be performed at runtime.
+
+* Separated format string parsing and formatting in the extension API to enable
+  compile-time format string processing. For example
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     struct Answer {};
+
+     namespace fmt {
+     template <>
+     struct formatter<Answer> {
+       constexpr auto parse(parse_context& ctx) {
+         auto it = ctx.begin();
+         spec = *it;
+         if (spec != 'd' && spec != 's')
+           throw format_error("invalid specifier");
+         return ++it;
+       }
+
+       template <typename FormatContext>
+       auto format(Answer, FormatContext& ctx) {
+         return spec == 's' ?
+           format_to(ctx.begin(), "{}", "fourty-two") :
+           format_to(ctx.begin(), "{}", 42);
+       }
+
+       char spec = 0;
+     };
+     }
+
+     std::string s = format(fmt("{:x}"), Answer());
+
+  gives a compile-time error due to invalid format specifier (`godbolt
+  <https://godbolt.org/g/2jQ1Dv>`__)::
+
+     ...
+     <source>:12:45: error: expression '<throw-expression>' is not a constant expression
+            throw format_error("invalid specifier");
+
+* Added `iterator support
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#output-iterator-support>`_:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <vector>
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+     std::vector<char> out;
+     fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}", 42);
+
+* Added the `format_to_n
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#_CPPv2N3fmt11format_to_nE8OutputItNSt6size_tE11string_viewDpRK4Args>`_
+  function that restricts the output to the specified number of characters
+  (`#298 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/298>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     char out[4];
+     fmt::format_to_n(out, sizeof(out), "{}", 12345);
+     // out == "1234" (without terminating '\0')
+
+* Added the `formatted_size
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#_CPPv2N3fmt14formatted_sizeE11string_viewDpRK4Args>`_
+  function for computing the output size:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+     auto size = fmt::formatted_size("{}", 12345); // size == 5
+
+* Improved compile times by reducing dependencies on standard headers and
+  providing a lightweight `core API <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#core-api>`_:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+
+     fmt::print("The answer is {}.", 42);
+
+  See `Compile time and code bloat
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt#compile-time-and-code-bloat>`_.
+
+* Added the `make_format_args
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#_CPPv2N3fmt16make_format_argsEDpRK4Args>`_
+  function for capturing formatting arguments:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+  
+     // Prints formatted error message.
+     void vreport_error(const char *format, fmt::format_args args) {
+       fmt::print("Error: ");
+       fmt::vprint(format, args);
+     }
+     template <typename... Args>
+     void report_error(const char *format, const Args & ... args) {
+       vreport_error(format, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+     }
+
+* Added the ``make_printf_args`` function for capturing ``printf`` arguments
+  (`#687 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/687>`_,
+  `#694 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/694>`_).
+  Thanks `@Kronuz (Germán Méndez Bravo) <https://github.com/Kronuz>`_.
+
+* Added prefix ``v`` to non-variadic functions taking ``format_args`` to
+  distinguish them from variadic ones:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     std::string vformat(string_view format_str, format_args args);
+     
+     template <typename... Args>
+     std::string format(string_view format_str, const Args & ... args);
+
+* Added experimental support for formatting ranges, containers and tuple-like
+  types in ``fmt/ranges.h`` (`#735 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/735>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+
+     std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
+     fmt::print("{}", v); // prints {1, 2, 3}
+
+  Thanks `@Remotion (Remo) <https://github.com/Remotion>`_.
+
+* Implemented ``wchar_t`` date and time formatting
+  (`#712 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/712>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/time.h>
+
+     std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
+     auto s = fmt::format(L"The date is {:%Y-%m-%d}.", *std::localtime(&t));
+
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Provided more wide string overloads
+  (`#724 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/724>`_).
+  Thanks `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_.
+
+* Switched from a custom null-terminated string view class to ``string_view``
+  in the format API and provided ``fmt::string_view`` which implements a subset
+  of ``std::string_view`` API for pre-C++17 systems.
+
+* Added support for ``std::experimental::string_view``
+  (`#607 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/607>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     #include <fmt/core.h>
+     #include <experimental/string_view>
+
+     fmt::print("{}", std::experimental::string_view("foo"));
+
+  Thanks `@virgiliofornazin (Virgilio Alexandre Fornazin)
+  <https://github.com/virgiliofornazin>`__.
+
+* Allowed mixing named and automatic arguments:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+     fmt::format("{} {two}", 1, fmt::arg("two", 2));
+
+* Removed the write API in favor of the `format API
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#format-api>`_ with compile-time handling of
+  format strings.
+
+* Disallowed formatting of multibyte strings into a wide character target
+  (`#606 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/606>`_).
+
+* Improved documentation
+  (`#515 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/515>`_,
+  `#614 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/614>`_,
+  `#617 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/617>`_,
+  `#661 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/661>`_,
+  `#680 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/680>`_).
+  Thanks `@ibell (Ian Bell) <https://github.com/ibell>`_,
+  `@mihaitodor (Mihai Todor) <https://github.com/mihaitodor>`_, and
+  `@johnthagen <https://github.com/johnthagen>`_.
+
+* Implemented more efficient handling of large number of format arguments.
+
+* Introduced an inline namespace for symbol versioning.
+
+* Added debug postfix ``d`` to the ``fmt`` library name
+  (`#636 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/636>`_).
+
+* Removed unnecessary ``fmt/`` prefix in includes
+  (`#397 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/397>`_).
+  Thanks `@chronoxor (Ivan Shynkarenka) <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_.
+
+* Moved ``fmt/*.h`` to ``include/fmt/*.h`` to prevent irrelevant files and
+  directories appearing on the include search paths when fmt is used as a
+  subproject and moved source files to the ``src`` directory.
+
+* Added qmake project file ``support/fmt.pro``
+  (`#641 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/641>`_).
+  Thanks `@cowo78 (Giuseppe Corbelli) <https://github.com/cowo78>`_.
+
+* Added Gradle build file ``support/build.gradle``
+  (`#649 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/649>`_).
+  Thanks `@luncliff (Park DongHa) <https://github.com/luncliff>`_.
+
+* Removed ``FMT_CPPFORMAT`` CMake option.
+
+* Fixed a name conflict with the macro ``CHAR_WIDTH`` in glibc
+  (`#616 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/616>`_).
+  Thanks `@aroig (Abdó Roig-Maranges) <https://github.com/aroig>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of nested braces in ``fmt::join``
+  (`#638 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/638>`_).
+
+* Added ``SOURCELINK_SUFFIX`` for compatibility with Sphinx 1.5
+  (`#497 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/497>`_).
+  Thanks `@ginggs (Graham Inggs) <https://github.com/ginggs>`_.
+
+* Added a missing ``inline`` in the header-only mode
+  (`#626 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/626>`_).
+  Thanks `@aroig (Abdó Roig-Maranges) <https://github.com/aroig>`_.
+
+* Fixed various compiler warnings
+  (`#640 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/640>`_,
+  `#656 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/656>`_,
+  `#679 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/679>`_,
+  `#681 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/681>`_,
+  `#705 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/705>`__,
+  `#715 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/715>`_,
+  `#717 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/717>`_,
+  `#720 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/720>`_,
+  `#723 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/723>`_,
+  `#726 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/726>`_,
+  `#730 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/730>`_,
+  `#739 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/739>`_).
+  Thanks `@peterbell10 <https://github.com/peterbell10>`_,
+  `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_,
+  `@foonathan (Jonathan Müller) <https://github.com/foonathan>`_,
+  `@eliaskosunen (Elias Kosunen) <https://github.com/eliaskosunen>`_,
+  `@christianparpart (Christian Parpart) <https://github.com/christianparpart>`_,
+  `@DanielaE (Daniela Engert) <https://github.com/DanielaE>`_,
+  and `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
+
+* Worked around an MSVC bug and fixed several warnings
+  (`#653 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/653>`_).
+  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
+
+* Worked around GCC bug 67371
+  (`#682 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/682>`_).
+
+* Fixed compilation with ``-fno-exceptions``
+  (`#655 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/655>`_).
+  Thanks `@chenxiaolong (Andrew Gunnerson) <https://github.com/chenxiaolong>`_.
+
+* Made ``constexpr remove_prefix`` gcc version check tighter
+  (`#648 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/648>`_).
+
+* Renamed internal type enum constants to prevent collision with poorly written
+  C libraries (`#644 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/644>`_).
+
+* Added detection of ``wostream operator<<``
+  (`#650 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/650>`_).
+
+* Fixed compilation on OpenBSD
+  (`#660 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/660>`_).
+  Thanks `@hubslave <https://github.com/hubslave>`_.
+
+* Fixed compilation on FreeBSD 12
+  (`#732 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/732>`_).
+  Thanks `@dankm <https://github.com/dankm>`_.
+
+* Fixed compilation when there is a mismatch between ``-std`` options between
+  the library and user code
+  (`#664 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/664>`_).
+
+* Fixed compilation with GCC 7 and ``-std=c++11``
+  (`#734 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/734>`_).
+
+* Improved generated binary code on GCC 7 and older
+  (`#668 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/668>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of numeric alignment with no width 
+  (`#675 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/675>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of empty strings in UTF8/16 converters
+  (`#676 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/676>`_).
+  Thanks `@vgalka-sl (Vasili Galka) <https://github.com/vgalka-sl>`_.
+
+* Fixed formatting of an empty ``string_view``
+  (`#689 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/689>`_).
+
+* Fixed detection of ``string_view`` on libc++ 
+  (`#686 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/686>`_).
+
+* Fixed DLL issues (`#696 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/696>`_).
+  Thanks `@sebkoenig <https://github.com/sebkoenig>`_.
+
+* Fixed compile checks for mixing narrow and wide strings
+  (`#690 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/690>`_).
+
+* Disabled unsafe implicit conversion to ``std::string``
+  (`#729 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/729>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of reused format specs (as in ``fmt::join``) for pointers
+  (`#725 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/725>`_).
+  Thanks `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
+
+* Fixed installation of ``fmt/ranges.h``
+  (`#738 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/738>`_).
+  Thanks `@sv1990 <https://github.com/sv1990>`_.
+
+4.1.0 - 2017-12-20
+------------------
+
+* Added ``fmt::to_wstring()`` in addition to ``fmt::to_string()``
+  (`#559 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/559>`_).
+  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
+
+* Added support for C++17 ``std::string_view``
+  (`#571 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/571>`_ and
+  `#578 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/578>`_).
+  Thanks `@thelostt (Mário Feroldi) <https://github.com/thelostt>`_ and
+  `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
+
+* Enabled stream exceptions to catch errors
+  (`#581 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/581>`_).
+  Thanks `@crusader-mike <https://github.com/crusader-mike>`_.
+
+* Allowed formatting of class hierarchies with ``fmt::format_arg()``
+  (`#547 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/547>`_).
+  Thanks `@rollbear (Björn Fahller) <https://github.com/rollbear>`_.
+
+* Removed limitations on character types
+  (`#563 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/563>`_).
+  Thanks `@Yelnats321 (Elnar Dakeshov) <https://github.com/Yelnats321>`_.
+
+* Conditionally enabled use of ``std::allocator_traits``
+  (`#583 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/583>`_).
+  Thanks `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
+
+* Added support for ``const`` variadic member function emulation with
+  ``FMT_VARIADIC_CONST`` (`#591 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/591>`_).
+  Thanks `@ludekvodicka (Ludek Vodicka) <https://github.com/ludekvodicka>`_.
+
+* Various bugfixes: bad overflow check, unsupported implicit type conversion
+  when determining formatting function, test segfaults
+  (`#551 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/551>`_), ill-formed macros
+  (`#542 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/542>`_) and ambiguous overloads
+  (`#580 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/580>`_).
+  Thanks `@xylosper (Byoung-young Lee) <https://github.com/xylosper>`_.
+
+* Prevented warnings on MSVC (`#605 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/605>`_,
+  `#602 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/602>`_, and
+  `#545 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/545>`_),
+  clang (`#582 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/582>`_),
+  GCC (`#573 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/573>`_),
+  various conversion warnings (`#609 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/609>`_,
+  `#567 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/567>`_,
+  `#553 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/553>`_ and
+  `#553 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/553>`_), and added ``override`` and
+  ``[[noreturn]]`` (`#549 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/549>`_ and
+  `#555 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/555>`_).
+  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_,
+  `@virgiliofornazin (Virgilio Alexandre Fornazin)
+  <https://gihtub.com/virgiliofornazin>`_,
+  `@alexanderbock (Alexander Bock) <https://github.com/alexanderbock>`_,
+  `@yumetodo <https://github.com/yumetodo>`_,
+  `@VaderY (Császár Mátyás) <https://github.com/VaderY>`_,
+  `@jpcima (JP Cimalando) <https://github.com/jpcima>`_,
+  `@thelostt (Mário Feroldi) <https://github.com/thelostt>`_, and
+  `@Manu343726 (Manu Sánchez) <https://github.com/Manu343726>`_.
+
+* Improved CMake: Used ``GNUInstallDirs`` to set installation location
+  (`#610 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/610>`_) and fixed warnings
+  (`#536 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/536>`_ and
+  `#556 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/556>`_).
+  Thanks `@mikecrowe (Mike Crowe) <https://github.com/mikecrowe>`_,
+  `@evgen231 <https://github.com/evgen231>`_ and
+  `@henryiii (Henry Schreiner) <https://github.com/henryiii>`_.
+
+4.0.0 - 2017-06-27
+------------------
+
+* Removed old compatibility headers ``cppformat/*.h`` and CMake options
+  (`#527 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/527>`_).
+  Thanks `@maddinat0r (Alex Martin) <https://github.com/maddinat0r>`_.
+
+* Added ``string.h`` containing ``fmt::to_string()`` as alternative to
+  ``std::to_string()`` as well as other string writer functionality
+  (`#326 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/326>`_ and
+  `#441 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/441>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #include "fmt/string.h"
+  
+    std::string answer = fmt::to_string(42);
+
+  Thanks to `@glebov-andrey (Andrey Glebov)
+  <https://github.com/glebov-andrey>`_.
+
+* Moved ``fmt::printf()`` to new ``printf.h`` header and allowed ``%s`` as
+  generic specifier (`#453 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/453>`_),
+  made ``%.f`` more conformant to regular ``printf()``
+  (`#490 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/490>`_), added custom writer
+  support (`#476 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/476>`_) and implemented
+  missing custom argument formatting
+  (`#339 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/339>`_ and
+  `#340 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/340>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #include "fmt/printf.h"
+ 
+    // %s format specifier can be used with any argument type.
+    fmt::printf("%s", 42);
+
+  Thanks `@mojoBrendan <https://github.com/mojoBrendan>`_,
+  `@manylegged (Arthur Danskin) <https://github.com/manylegged>`_ and
+  `@spacemoose (Glen Stark) <https://github.com/spacemoose>`_.
+  See also `#360 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/360>`_,
+  `#335 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/335>`_ and
+  `#331 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/331>`_.
+
+* Added ``container.h`` containing a ``BasicContainerWriter``
+  to write to containers like ``std::vector``
+  (`#450 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/450>`_).
+  Thanks `@polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre) <https://github.com/polyvertex>`_.
+
+* Added ``fmt::join()`` function that takes a range and formats
+  its elements separated by a given string
+  (`#466 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/466>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #include "fmt/format.h"
+ 
+    std::vector<double> v = {1.2, 3.4, 5.6};
+    // Prints "(+01.20, +03.40, +05.60)".
+    fmt::print("({:+06.2f})", fmt::join(v.begin(), v.end(), ", "));
+
+  Thanks `@olivier80 <https://github.com/olivier80>`_.
+
+* Added support for custom formatting specifications to simplify customization
+  of built-in formatting (`#444 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/444>`_).
+  Thanks `@polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre) <https://github.com/polyvertex>`_.
+  See also `#439 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/439>`_.
+
+* Added ``fmt::format_system_error()`` for error code formatting
+  (`#323 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/323>`_ and
+  `#526 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/526>`_).
+  Thanks `@maddinat0r (Alex Martin) <https://github.com/maddinat0r>`_.
+
+* Added thread-safe ``fmt::localtime()`` and ``fmt::gmtime()``
+  as replacement   for the standard version to ``time.h``
+  (`#396 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/396>`_).
+  Thanks `@codicodi <https://github.com/codicodi>`_.
+
+* Internal improvements to ``NamedArg`` and ``ArgLists``
+  (`#389 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/389>`_ and
+  `#390 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/390>`_).
+  Thanks `@chronoxor <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_.
+
+* Fixed crash due to bug in ``FormatBuf``
+  (`#493 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/493>`_).
+  Thanks `@effzeh <https://github.com/effzeh>`_. See also
+  `#480 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/480>`_ and
+  `#491 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/491>`_.
+
+* Fixed handling of wide strings in ``fmt::StringWriter``.
+
+* Improved compiler error messages
+  (`#357 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/357>`_).
+
+* Fixed various warnings and issues with various compilers
+  (`#494 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/494>`_,
+  `#499 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/499>`_,
+  `#483 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/483>`_,
+  `#485 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/485>`_,
+  `#482 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/482>`_,
+  `#475 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/475>`_,
+  `#473 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/473>`_ and
+  `#414 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/414>`_).
+  Thanks `@chronoxor <https://github.com/chronoxor>`_,
+  `@zhaohuaxishi <https://github.com/zhaohuaxishi>`_,
+  `@pkestene (Pierre Kestener) <https://github.com/pkestene>`_,
+  `@dschmidt (Dominik Schmidt) <https://github.com/dschmidt>`_ and
+  `@0x414c (Alexey Gorishny) <https://github.com/0x414c>`_ .
+
+* Improved CMake: targets are now namespaced
+  (`#511 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/511>`_ and
+  `#513 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/513>`_), supported header-only
+  ``printf.h`` (`#354 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/354>`_), fixed issue
+  with minimal supported library subset
+  (`#418 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/418>`_,
+  `#419 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/419>`_ and
+  `#420 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/420>`_).
+  Thanks `@bjoernthiel (Bjoern Thiel) <https://github.com/bjoernthiel>`_,
+  `@niosHD (Mario Werner) <https://github.com/niosHD>`_,
+  `@LogicalKnight (Sean LK) <https://github.com/LogicalKnight>`_ and
+  `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
+
+* Improved documentation. Thanks to
+  `@pwm1234 (Phil) <https://github.com/pwm1234>`_ for
+  `#393 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/393>`_.
+
+3.0.2 - 2017-06-14
+------------------
+
+* Added ``FMT_VERSION`` macro
+  (`#411 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/411>`_).
+
+* Used ``FMT_NULL`` instead of literal ``0``
+  (`#409 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/409>`_).
+  Thanks `@alabuzhev (Alex Alabuzhev) <https://github.com/alabuzhev>`_.
+
+* Added extern templates for ``format_float``
+  (`#413 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/413>`_).
+
+* Fixed implicit conversion issue
+  (`#507 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/507>`_).
+
+* Fixed signbit detection (`#423 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/423>`_).
+
+* Fixed naming collision (`#425 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/425>`_).
+
+* Fixed missing intrinsic for C++/CLI
+  (`#457 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/457>`_).
+  Thanks `@calumr (Calum Robinson) <https://github.com/calumr>`_
+
+* Fixed Android detection (`#458 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/458>`_).
+  Thanks `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_.
+
+* Use lean ``windows.h`` if not in header-only mode
+  (`#503 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/503>`_).
+  Thanks `@Quentin01 (Quentin Buathier) <https://github.com/Quentin01>`_.
+
+* Fixed issue with CMake exporting C++11 flag
+  (`#445 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/455>`_).
+  Thanks `@EricWF (Eric) <https://github.com/EricWF>`_.
+
+* Fixed issue with nvcc and MSVC compiler bug and MinGW
+  (`#505 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/505>`_).
+
+* Fixed DLL issues (`#469 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/469>`_ and
+  `#502 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/502>`_).
+  Thanks `@richardeakin (Richard Eakin) <https://github.com/richardeakin>`_ and
+  `@AndreasSchoenle (Andreas Schönle) <https://github.com/AndreasSchoenle>`_.
+
+* Fixed test compilation under FreeBSD
+  (`#433 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/433>`_).
+
+* Fixed various warnings (`#403 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/403>`_,
+  `#410 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/410>`_ and
+  `#510 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/510>`_).
+  Thanks `@Lecetem <https://github.com/Lectem>`_,
+  `@chenhayat (Chen Hayat) <https://github.com/chenhayat>`_ and
+  `@trozen <https://github.com/trozen>`_.
+
+* Worked around a broken ``__builtin_clz`` in clang with MS codegen
+  (`#519 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/519>`_).
+
+* Removed redundant include
+  (`#479 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/479>`_).
+
+* Fixed documentation issues.
+
+3.0.1 - 2016-11-01
+------------------
+* Fixed handling of thousands separator
+  (`#353 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/353>`_).
+
+* Fixed handling of ``unsigned char`` strings
+  (`#373 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/373>`_).
+
+* Corrected buffer growth when formatting time
+  (`#367 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/367>`_).
+
+* Removed warnings under MSVC and clang
+  (`#318 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/318>`_,
+  `#250 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/250>`_, also merged
+  `#385 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/385>`_ and
+  `#361 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/361>`_).
+  Thanks `@jcelerier (Jean-Michaël Celerier) <https://github.com/jcelerier>`_
+  and `@nmoehrle (Nils Moehrle) <https://github.com/nmoehrle>`_.
+
+* Fixed compilation issues under Android
+  (`#327 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/327>`_,
+  `#345 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/345>`_ and
+  `#381 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/381>`_),
+  FreeBSD (`#358 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/358>`_),
+  Cygwin (`#388 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/388>`_),
+  MinGW (`#355 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/355>`_) as well as other
+  issues (`#350 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/350>`_,
+  `#366 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/355>`_,
+  `#348 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/348>`_,
+  `#402 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/402>`_,
+  `#405 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/405>`_).
+  Thanks to `@dpantele (Dmitry) <https://github.com/dpantele>`_,
+  `@hghwng (Hugh Wang) <https://github.com/hghwng>`_,
+  `@arvedarved (Tilman Keskinöz) <https://github.com/arvedarved>`_,
+  `@LogicalKnight (Sean) <https://github.com/LogicalKnight>`_ and
+  `@JanHellwig (Jan Hellwig) <https://github.com/janhellwig>`_.
+
+* Fixed some documentation issues and extended specification
+  (`#320 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/320>`_,
+  `#333 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/333>`_,
+  `#347 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/347>`_,
+  `#362 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/362>`_).
+  Thanks to `@smellman (Taro Matsuzawa aka. btm)
+  <https://github.com/smellman>`_.
+
+3.0.0 - 2016-05-07
+------------------
+
+* The project has been renamed from C++ Format (cppformat) to fmt for
+  consistency with the used namespace and macro prefix
+  (`#307 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/307>`_).
+  Library headers are now located in the ``fmt`` directory:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #include "fmt/format.h"
+
+  Including ``format.h`` from the ``cppformat`` directory is deprecated
+  but works via a proxy header which will be removed in the next major version.
+  
+  The documentation is now available at https://fmt.dev.
+
+* Added support for `strftime <http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/chrono/c/strftime>`_-like
+  `date and time formatting <https://fmt.dev/3.0.0/api.html#date-and-time-formatting>`_
+  (`#283 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/283>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #include "fmt/time.h"
+
+    std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
+    // Prints "The date is 2016-04-29." (with the current date)
+    fmt::print("The date is {:%Y-%m-%d}.", *std::localtime(&t));
+
+* ``std::ostream`` support including formatting of user-defined types that provide
+  overloaded ``operator<<`` has been moved to ``fmt/ostream.h``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #include "fmt/ostream.h"
+
+    class Date {
+      int year_, month_, day_;
+    public:
+      Date(int year, int month, int day) : year_(year), month_(month), day_(day) {}
+
+      friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Date &d) {
+        return os << d.year_ << '-' << d.month_ << '-' << d.day_;
+      }
+    };
+
+    std::string s = fmt::format("The date is {}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
+    // s == "The date is 2012-12-9"
+
+* Added support for `custom argument formatters
+  <https://fmt.dev/3.0.0/api.html#argument-formatters>`_
+  (`#235 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/235>`_).
+
+* Added support for locale-specific integer formatting with the ``n`` specifier
+  (`#305 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/305>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
+    fmt::print("cppformat: {:n}\n", 1234567); // prints 1,234,567
+
+* Sign is now preserved when formatting an integer with an incorrect ``printf``
+  format specifier (`#265 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/265>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("%lld", -42); // prints -42
+
+  Note that it would be an undefined behavior in ``std::printf``.
+
+* Length modifiers such as ``ll`` are now optional in printf formatting
+  functions and the correct type is determined automatically
+  (`#255 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/255>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("%d", std::numeric_limits<long long>::max());
+
+  Note that it would be an undefined behavior in ``std::printf``.
+
+* Added initial support for custom formatters
+  (`#231 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/231>`_).
+
+* Fixed detection of user-defined literal support on Intel C++ compiler
+  (`#311 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/311>`_,
+  `#312 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/312>`_).
+  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_ and
+  `@speth (Ray Speth) <https://github.com/speth>`_.
+
+* Reduced compile time
+  (`#243 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/243>`_,
+  `#249 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/249>`_,
+  `#317 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/317>`_):
+
+  .. image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/4831417/11614060/
+             b9e826d2-9c36-11e5-8666-d4131bf503ef.png
+
+  .. image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/4831417/11614080/
+             6ac903cc-9c37-11e5-8165-26df6efae364.png
+
+  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
+
+* Compile test fixes (`#313 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/313>`_).
+  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
+
+* Documentation fixes (`#239 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/239>`_,
+  `#248 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/248>`_,
+  `#252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/252>`_,
+  `#258 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/258>`_,
+  `#260 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/260>`_,
+  `#301 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/301>`_,
+  `#309 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/309>`_).
+  Thanks to `@ReadmeCritic <https://github.com/ReadmeCritic>`_
+  `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_ and
+  `@jwilk (Jakub Wilk) <https://github.com/jwilk>`_.
+
+* Fixed compiler and sanitizer warnings
+  (`#244 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/244>`_,
+  `#256 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/256>`_,
+  `#259 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/259>`_,
+  `#263 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/263>`_,
+  `#274 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/274>`_,
+  `#277 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/277>`_,
+  `#286 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/286>`_,
+  `#291 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/291>`_,
+  `#296 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/296>`_,
+  `#308 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/308>`_)
+  Thanks to `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_,
+  `@pweiskircher (Patrik Weiskircher) <https://github.com/pweiskircher>`_,
+  `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
+
+* Improved compatibility with Windows Store apps
+  (`#280 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/280>`_,
+  `#285 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/285>`_)
+  Thanks to `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
+
+* Added tests of compatibility with older C++ standards
+  (`#273 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/273>`_).
+  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
+
+* Fixed Android build (`#271 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/271>`_).
+  Thanks to `@newnon <https://github.com/newnon>`_.
+
+* Changed ``ArgMap`` to be backed by a vector instead of a map.
+  (`#261 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/261>`_,
+  `#262 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/262>`_).
+  Thanks to `@mwinterb <https://github.com/mwinterb>`_.
+
+* Added ``fprintf`` overload that writes to a ``std::ostream``
+  (`#251 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/251>`_).
+  Thanks to `nickhutchinson (Nicholas Hutchinson) <https://github.com/nickhutchinson>`_.
+
+* Export symbols when building a Windows DLL
+  (`#245 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/245>`_).
+  Thanks to `macdems (Maciek Dems) <https://github.com/macdems>`_.
+
+* Fixed compilation on Cygwin (`#304 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/304>`_).
+
+* Implemented a workaround for a bug in Apple LLVM version 4.2 of clang
+  (`#276 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/276>`_).
+
+* Implemented a workaround for Google Test bug
+  `#705 <https://github.com/google/googletest/issues/705>`_ on gcc 6
+  (`#268 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/268>`_).
+  Thanks to `octoploid <https://github.com/octoploid>`_.
+
+* Removed Biicode support because the latter has been discontinued.
+
+2.1.1 - 2016-04-11
+------------------
+
+* The install location for generated CMake files is now configurable via
+  the ``FMT_CMAKE_DIR`` CMake variable
+  (`#299 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/299>`_).
+  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
+
+* Documentation fixes (`#252 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/252>`_).
+
+2.1.0 - 2016-03-21
+------------------
+
+* Project layout and build system improvements
+  (`#267 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/267>`_):
+
+  * The code have been moved to the ``cppformat`` directory.
+    Including ``format.h`` from the top-level directory is deprecated
+    but works via a proxy header which will be removed in the next
+    major version.
+
+  * C++ Format CMake targets now have proper interface definitions.
+
+  * Installed version of the library now supports the header-only
+    configuration.
+
+  * Targets ``doc``, ``install``, and ``test`` are now disabled if C++ Format
+    is included as a CMake subproject. They can be enabled by setting
+    ``FMT_DOC``, ``FMT_INSTALL``, and ``FMT_TEST`` in the parent project.
+
+  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
+
+2.0.1 - 2016-03-13
+------------------
+
+* Improved CMake find and package support
+  (`#264 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/264>`_).
+  Thanks to `@niosHD <https://github.com/niosHD>`_.
+
+* Fix compile error with Android NDK and mingw32
+  (`#241 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/241>`_).
+  Thanks to `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_.
+
+* Documentation fixes
+  (`#248 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/248>`_,
+  `#260 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/260>`_).
+
+2.0.0 - 2015-12-01
+------------------
+
+General
+~~~~~~~
+
+* [Breaking] Named arguments
+  (`#169 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/169>`_,
+  `#173 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/173>`_,
+  `#174 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/174>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", fmt::arg("answer", 42));
+
+  Thanks to `@jamboree <https://github.com/jamboree>`_.
+
+* [Experimental] User-defined literals for format and named arguments
+  (`#204 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/204>`_,
+  `#206 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/206>`_,
+  `#207 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/207>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    using namespace fmt::literals;
+    fmt::print("The answer is {answer}.", "answer"_a=42);
+
+  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] Formatting of more than 16 arguments is now supported when using
+  variadic templates
+  (`#141 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/141>`_).
+  Thanks to `@Shauren <https://github.com/Shauren>`_.
+
+* Runtime width specification
+  (`#168 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/168>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::format("{0:{1}}", 42, 5); // gives "   42"
+
+  Thanks to `@jamboree <https://github.com/jamboree>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] Enums are now formatted with an overloaded ``std::ostream`` insertion
+  operator (``operator<<``) if available
+  (`#232 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/232>`_).
+
+* [Breaking] Changed default ``bool`` format to textual, "true" or "false"
+  (`#170 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/170>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+  
+    fmt::print("{}", true); // prints "true"
+
+  To print ``bool`` as a number use numeric format specifier such as ``d``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::print("{:d}", true); // prints "1"
+
+* ``fmt::printf`` and ``fmt::sprintf`` now support formatting of ``bool`` with the
+  ``%s`` specifier giving textual output, "true" or "false"
+  (`#223 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/223>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("%s", true); // prints "true"
+
+  Thanks to `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] ``signed char`` and ``unsigned char`` are now formatted as integers by default
+  (`#217 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/217>`_).
+
+* [Breaking] Pointers to C strings can now be formatted with the ``p`` specifier
+  (`#223 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/223>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::print("{:p}", "test"); // prints pointer value
+
+  Thanks to `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] ``fmt::printf`` and ``fmt::sprintf`` now print null pointers as ``(nil)``
+  and null strings as ``(null)`` for consistency with glibc
+  (`#226 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/226>`_).
+  Thanks to `@LarsGullik <https://github.com/LarsGullik>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] ``fmt::(s)printf`` now supports formatting of objects of user-defined types
+  that provide an overloaded ``std::ostream`` insertion operator (``operator<<``)
+  (`#201 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/201>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("The date is %s", Date(2012, 12, 9));
+
+* [Breaking] The ``Buffer`` template is now part of the public API and can be used
+  to implement custom memory buffers
+  (`#140 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/140>`_).
+  Thanks to `@polyvertex (Jean-Charles Lefebvre) <https://github.com/polyvertex>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] Improved compatibility between ``BasicStringRef`` and
+  `std::experimental::basic_string_view
+  <http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/experimental/basic_string_view>`_
+  (`#100 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/100>`_,
+  `#159 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/159>`_,
+  `#183 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/183>`_):
+
+  - Comparison operators now compare string content, not pointers
+  - ``BasicStringRef::c_str`` replaced by ``BasicStringRef::data``
+  - ``BasicStringRef`` is no longer assumed to be null-terminated
+
+  References to null-terminated strings are now represented by a new class,
+  ``BasicCStringRef``.
+
+* Dependency on pthreads introduced by Google Test is now optional
+  (`#185 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/185>`_).
+
+* New CMake options ``FMT_DOC``, ``FMT_INSTALL`` and ``FMT_TEST`` to control
+  generation of ``doc``, ``install`` and ``test`` targets respectively, on by default
+  (`#197 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/197>`_,
+  `#198 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/198>`_,
+  `#200 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/200>`_).
+  Thanks to `@maddinat0r (Alex Martin) <https://github.com/maddinat0r>`_.
+
+* ``noexcept`` is now used when compiling with MSVC2015
+  (`#215 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/215>`_).
+  Thanks to `@dmkrepo (Dmitriy) <https://github.com/dmkrepo>`_.
+
+* Added an option to disable use of ``windows.h`` when ``FMT_USE_WINDOWS_H``
+  is defined as 0 before including ``format.h``
+  (`#171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/171>`_).
+  Thanks to `@alfps (Alf P. Steinbach) <https://github.com/alfps>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] ``windows.h`` is now included with ``NOMINMAX`` unless
+  ``FMT_WIN_MINMAX`` is defined. This is done to prevent breaking code using
+  ``std::min`` and ``std::max`` and only affects the header-only configuration
+  (`#152 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/152>`_,
+  `#153 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/153>`_,
+  `#154 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/154>`_).
+  Thanks to `@DevO2012 <https://github.com/DevO2012>`_.
+
+* Improved support for custom character types
+  (`#171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/171>`_).
+  Thanks to `@alfps (Alf P. Steinbach) <https://github.com/alfps>`_.
+
+* Added an option to disable use of IOStreams when ``FMT_USE_IOSTREAMS``
+  is defined as 0 before including ``format.h``
+  (`#205 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/205>`_,
+  `#208 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/208>`_).
+  Thanks to `@JodiTheTigger <https://github.com/JodiTheTigger>`_.
+
+* Improved detection of ``isnan``, ``isinf`` and ``signbit``.
+
+Optimization
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Made formatting of user-defined types more efficient with a custom stream buffer
+  (`#92 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/92>`_,
+  `#230 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/230>`_).
+  Thanks to `@NotImplemented <https://github.com/NotImplemented>`_.
+
+* Further improved performance of ``fmt::Writer`` on integer formatting
+  and fixed a minor regression. Now it is ~7% faster than ``karma::generate``
+  on Karma's benchmark
+  (`#186 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/186>`_).
+
+* [Breaking] Reduced `compiled code size
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt#compile-time-and-code-bloat>`_
+  (`#143 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/143>`_,
+  `#149 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/149>`_).
+
+Distribution
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* [Breaking] Headers are now installed in
+  ``${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/include/cppformat``
+  (`#178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/178>`_).
+  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] Changed the library name from ``format`` to ``cppformat``
+  for consistency with the project name and to avoid potential conflicts
+  (`#178 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/178>`_).
+  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
+
+* C++ Format is now available in `Debian <https://www.debian.org/>`_ GNU/Linux
+  (`stretch <https://packages.debian.org/source/stretch/cppformat>`_,
+  `sid <https://packages.debian.org/source/sid/cppformat>`_) and 
+  derived distributions such as
+  `Ubuntu <https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cppformat>`_ 15.10 and later
+  (`#155 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/155>`_)::
+
+    $ sudo apt-get install libcppformat1-dev
+
+  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
+
+* `Packages for Fedora and RHEL <https://admin.fedoraproject.org/pkgdb/package/cppformat/>`_
+  are now available. Thanks to Dave Johansen.
+  
+* C++ Format can now be installed via `Homebrew <http://brew.sh/>`_ on OS X
+  (`#157 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/157>`_)::
+
+    $ brew install cppformat
+
+  Thanks to `@ortho <https://github.com/ortho>`_, Anatoliy Bulukin.
+
+Documentation
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+* Migrated from ReadTheDocs to GitHub Pages for better responsiveness
+  and reliability
+  (`#128 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/128>`_).
+  New documentation address is http://cppformat.github.io/.
+
+
+* Added `Building the documentation
+  <https://fmt.dev/2.0.0/usage.html#building-the-documentation>`_
+  section to the documentation.
+
+* Documentation build script is now compatible with Python 3 and newer pip versions.
+  (`#189 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/189>`_,
+  `#209 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/209>`_).
+  Thanks to `@JodiTheTigger <https://github.com/JodiTheTigger>`_ and
+  `@xentec <https://github.com/xentec>`_.
+  
+* Documentation fixes and improvements
+  (`#36 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/36>`_,
+  `#75 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/75>`_,
+  `#125 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/125>`_,
+  `#160 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/160>`_,
+  `#161 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/161>`_,
+  `#162 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/162>`_,
+  `#165 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/165>`_,
+  `#210 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/210>`_).
+  Thanks to `@syohex (Syohei YOSHIDA) <https://github.com/syohex>`_ and
+  bug reporters.
+
+* Fixed out-of-tree documentation build
+  (`#177 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/177>`_).
+  Thanks to `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_.
+
+Fixes
+~~~~~
+
+* Fixed ``initializer_list`` detection
+  (`#136 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/136>`_).
+  Thanks to `@Gachapen (Magnus Bjerke Vik) <https://github.com/Gachapen>`_.
+
+* [Breaking] Fixed formatting of enums with numeric format specifiers in
+  ``fmt::(s)printf`` 
+  (`#131 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/131>`_,
+  `#139 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/139>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    enum { ANSWER = 42 };
+    fmt::printf("%d", ANSWER);
+
+  Thanks to `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_.
+
+* Improved compatibility with old versions of MinGW
+  (`#129 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/129>`_,
+  `#130 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/130>`_,
+  `#132 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/132>`_).
+  Thanks to `@cstamford (Christopher Stamford) <https://github.com/cstamford>`_.
+
+* Fixed a compile error on MSVC with disabled exceptions
+  (`#144 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/144>`_).
+
+* Added a workaround for broken implementation of variadic templates in MSVC2012
+  (`#148 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/148>`_).
+
+* Placed the anonymous namespace within ``fmt`` namespace for the header-only
+  configuration
+  (`#171 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/171>`_).
+  Thanks to `@alfps (Alf P. Steinbach) <https://github.com/alfps>`_.
+
+* Fixed issues reported by Coverity Scan
+  (`#187 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/187>`_,
+  `#192 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/192>`_).
+
+* Implemented a workaround for a name lookup bug in MSVC2010
+  (`#188 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/188>`_).
+
+* Fixed compiler warnings
+  (`#95 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/95>`_,
+  `#96 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/96>`_,
+  `#114 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/114>`_,
+  `#135 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/135>`_,
+  `#142 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/142>`_,
+  `#145 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/145>`_,
+  `#146 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/146>`_,
+  `#158 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/158>`_,
+  `#163 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/163>`_,
+  `#175 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/175>`_,
+  `#190 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/190>`_,
+  `#191 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/191>`_,
+  `#194 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/194>`_,
+  `#196 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/196>`_,
+  `#216 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/216>`_,
+  `#218 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/218>`_,
+  `#220 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/220>`_,
+  `#229 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/229>`_,
+  `#233 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/233>`_,
+  `#234 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/234>`_,
+  `#236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/236>`_,
+  `#281 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/281>`_,
+  `#289 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/289>`_).
+  Thanks to `@seanmiddleditch (Sean Middleditch) <https://github.com/seanmiddleditch>`_,
+  `@dixlorenz (Dix Lorenz) <https://github.com/dixlorenz>`_,
+  `@CarterLi (�通洲) <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_,
+  `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_,
+  `@fmatthew5876 (Matthew Fioravante) <https://github.com/fmatthew5876>`_,
+  `@LevskiWeng (Levski Weng) <https://github.com/LevskiWeng>`_,
+  `@rpopescu <https://github.com/rpopescu>`_,
+  `@gabime (Gabi Melman) <https://github.com/gabime>`_,
+  `@cubicool (Jeremy Moles) <https://github.com/cubicool>`_,
+  `@jkflying (Julian Kent) <https://github.com/jkflying>`_,
+  `@LogicalKnight (Sean L) <https://github.com/LogicalKnight>`_,
+  `@inguin (Ingo van Lil) <https://github.com/inguin>`_ and
+  `@Jopie64 (Johan) <https://github.com/Jopie64>`_.
+
+* Fixed portability issues (mostly causing test failures) on ARM, ppc64, ppc64le,
+  s390x and SunOS 5.11 i386
+  (`#138 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/138>`_,
+  `#179 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/179>`_,
+  `#180 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/180>`_,
+  `#202 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/202>`_,
+  `#225 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/225>`_,
+  `Red Hat Bugzilla Bug 1260297 <https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1260297>`_).
+  Thanks to `@Naios <https://github.com/Naios>`_,
+  `@jackyf (Eugene V. Lyubimkin) <https://github.com/jackyf>`_ and Dave Johansen.
+
+* Fixed a name conflict with macro ``free`` defined in
+  ``crtdbg.h`` when ``_CRTDBG_MAP_ALLOC`` is set
+  (`#211 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/211>`_).
+
+* Fixed shared library build on OS X
+  (`#212 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/212>`_).
+  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
+
+* Fixed an overload conflict on MSVC when ``/Zc:wchar_t-`` option is specified
+  (`#214 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/214>`_).
+  Thanks to `@slavanap (Vyacheslav Napadovsky) <https://github.com/slavanap>`_.
+
+* Improved compatibility with MSVC 2008
+  (`#236 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/236>`_).
+  Thanks to `@Jopie64 (Johan) <https://github.com/Jopie64>`_.
+
+* Improved compatibility with bcc32
+  (`#227 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/227>`_).
+
+* Fixed ``static_assert`` detection on Clang
+  (`#228 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/228>`_).
+  Thanks to `@dean0x7d (Dean Moldovan) <https://github.com/dean0x7d>`_.
+
+1.1.0 - 2015-03-06
+------------------
+
+* Added ``BasicArrayWriter``, a class template that provides operations for
+  formatting and writing data into a fixed-size array
+  (`#105 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/105>`_ and
+  `#122 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/122>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+  
+    char buffer[100];
+    fmt::ArrayWriter w(buffer);
+    w.write("The answer is {}", 42);
+
+* Added `0 A.D. <http://play0ad.com/>`_ and `PenUltima Online (POL)
+  <http://www.polserver.com/>`_ to the list of notable projects using C++ Format.
+
+* C++ Format now uses MSVC intrinsics for better formatting performance
+  (`#115 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/115>`_,
+  `#116 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/116>`_,
+  `#118 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/118>`_ and
+  `#121 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/121>`_).
+  Previously these optimizations where only used on GCC and Clang.
+  Thanks to `@CarterLi <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_ and
+  `@objectx <https://github.com/objectx>`_.
+
+* CMake install target (`#119 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/119>`_).
+  Thanks to `@TrentHouliston <https://github.com/TrentHouliston>`_.
+
+  You can now install C++ Format with ``make install`` command.
+
+* Improved `Biicode <http://www.biicode.com/>`_ support
+  (`#98 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/98>`_ and
+  `#104 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/104>`_). Thanks to
+  `@MariadeAnton <https://github.com/MariadeAnton>`_ and
+  `@franramirez688 <https://github.com/franramirez688>`_.
+
+* Improved support for building with `Android NDK
+  <https://developer.android.com/tools/sdk/ndk/index.html>`_
+  (`#107 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/107>`_).
+  Thanks to `@newnon <https://github.com/newnon>`_.
+  
+  The `android-ndk-example <https://github.com/fmtlib/android-ndk-example>`_
+  repository provides and example of using C++ Format with Android NDK:
+
+  .. image:: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/fmtlib/android-ndk-example/
+            master/screenshot.png
+
+* Improved documentation of ``SystemError`` and ``WindowsError``
+  (`#54 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/54>`_).
+
+* Various code improvements
+  (`#110 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/110>`_,
+  `#111 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/111>`_
+  `#112 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/pull/112>`_).
+  Thanks to `@CarterLi <https://github.com/CarterLi>`_.
+
+* Improved compile-time errors when formatting wide into narrow strings
+  (`#117 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/117>`_).
+
+* Fixed ``BasicWriter::write`` without formatting arguments when C++11 support
+  is disabled (`#109 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/109>`_).
+
+* Fixed header-only build on OS X with GCC 4.9
+  (`#124 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/124>`_).
+
+* Fixed packaging issues (`#94 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/94>`_).
+
+* Added `changelog <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/ChangeLog.rst>`_
+  (`#103 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/103>`_).
+
+1.0.0 - 2015-02-05
+------------------
+
+* Add support for a header-only configuration when ``FMT_HEADER_ONLY`` is
+  defined before including ``format.h``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    #define FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+    #include "format.h"
+
+* Compute string length in the constructor of ``BasicStringRef``
+  instead of the ``size`` method
+  (`#79 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/79>`_).
+  This eliminates size computation for string literals on reasonable optimizing
+  compilers.
+
+* Fix formatting of types with overloaded ``operator <<`` for ``std::wostream``
+  (`#86 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/86>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::format(L"The date is {0}", Date(2012, 12, 9));
+
+* Fix linkage of tests on Arch Linux
+  (`#89 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/89>`_).
+
+* Allow precision specifier for non-float arguments
+  (`#90 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/90>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::print("{:.3}\n", "Carpet"); // prints "Car"
+
+* Fix build on Android NDK
+  (`#93 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/93>`_)
+
+* Improvements to documentation build procedure.
+
+* Remove ``FMT_SHARED`` CMake variable in favor of standard `BUILD_SHARED_LIBS
+  <http://www.cmake.org/cmake/help/v3.0/variable/BUILD_SHARED_LIBS.html>`_.
+
+* Fix error handling in ``fmt::fprintf``.
+
+* Fix a number of warnings.
+
+0.12.0 - 2014-10-25
+-------------------
+
+* [Breaking] Improved separation between formatting and buffer management.
+  ``Writer`` is now a base class that cannot be instantiated directly.
+  The new ``MemoryWriter`` class implements the default buffer management
+  with small allocations done on stack. So ``fmt::Writer`` should be replaced
+  with ``fmt::MemoryWriter`` in variable declarations.
+
+  Old code:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::Writer w;
+
+  New code: 
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::MemoryWriter w;
+
+  If you pass ``fmt::Writer`` by reference, you can continue to do so:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+      void f(fmt::Writer &w);
+
+  This doesn't affect the formatting API.
+
+* Support for custom memory allocators
+  (`#69 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/69>`_)
+
+* Formatting functions now accept `signed char` and `unsigned char` strings as
+  arguments (`#73 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/73>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    auto s = format("GLSL version: {}", glGetString(GL_VERSION));
+
+* Reduced code bloat. According to the new `benchmark results
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt#compile-time-and-code-bloat>`_,
+  cppformat is close to ``printf`` and by the order of magnitude better than
+  Boost Format in terms of compiled code size.
+
+* Improved appearance of the documentation on mobile by using the `Sphinx
+  Bootstrap theme <http://ryan-roemer.github.io/sphinx-bootstrap-theme/>`_:
+
+  .. |old| image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/576385/4792130/
+                   cd256436-5de3-11e4-9a62-c077d0c2b003.png
+
+  .. |new| image:: https://cloud.githubusercontent.com/assets/576385/4792131/
+                   cd29896c-5de3-11e4-8f59-cac952942bf0.png
+  
+  +-------+-------+
+  |  Old  |  New  |
+  +-------+-------+
+  | |old| | |new| |
+  +-------+-------+
+
+0.11.0 - 2014-08-21
+-------------------
+
+* Safe printf implementation with a POSIX extension for positional arguments:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
+    fmt::printf("%1$s, %3$d %2$s", weekday, month, day);
+
+* Arguments of ``char`` type can now be formatted as integers
+  (Issue `#55 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/55>`_):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::format("0x{0:02X}", 'a');
+
+* Deprecated parts of the API removed.
+
+* The library is now built and tested on MinGW with Appveyor in addition to
+  existing test platforms Linux/GCC, OS X/Clang, Windows/MSVC.
+
+0.10.0 - 2014-07-01
+-------------------
+
+**Improved API**
+
+* All formatting methods are now implemented as variadic functions instead
+  of using ``operator<<`` for feeding arbitrary arguments into a temporary
+  formatter object. This works both with C++11 where variadic templates are
+  used and with older standards where variadic functions are emulated by
+  providing lightweight wrapper functions defined with the ``FMT_VARIADIC``
+  macro. You can use this macro for defining your own portable variadic
+  functions:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    void report_error(const char *format, const fmt::ArgList &args) {
+      fmt::print("Error: {}");
+      fmt::print(format, args);
+    }
+    FMT_VARIADIC(void, report_error, const char *)
+
+    report_error("file not found: {}", path);
+
+  Apart from a more natural syntax, this also improves performance as there
+  is no need to construct temporary formatter objects and control arguments'
+  lifetimes. Because the wrapper functions are very lightweight, this doesn't
+  cause code bloat even in pre-C++11 mode.
+
+* Simplified common case of formatting an ``std::string``. Now it requires a
+  single function call:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = format("The answer is {}.", 42);
+
+  Previously it required 2 function calls:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = str(Format("The answer is {}.") << 42);
+
+  Instead of unsafe ``c_str`` function, ``fmt::Writer`` should be used directly
+  to bypass creation of ``std::string``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::Writer w;
+    w.write("The answer is {}.", 42);
+    w.c_str();  // returns a C string
+
+  This doesn't do dynamic memory allocation for small strings and is less error
+  prone as the lifetime of the string is the same as for ``std::string::c_str``
+  which is well understood (hopefully).
+
+* Improved consistency in naming functions that are a part of the public API.
+  Now all public functions are lowercase following the standard library
+  conventions. Previously it was a combination of lowercase and
+  CapitalizedWords.
+  Issue `#50 <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/50>`_.
+
+* Old functions are marked as deprecated and will be removed in the next
+  release.
+
+**Other Changes**
+
+* Experimental support for printf format specifications (work in progress):
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    fmt::printf("The answer is %d.", 42);
+    std::string s = fmt::sprintf("Look, a %s!", "string");
+
+* Support for hexadecimal floating point format specifiers ``a`` and ``A``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    print("{:a}", -42.0); // Prints -0x1.5p+5
+    print("{:A}", -42.0); // Prints -0X1.5P+5
+
+* CMake option ``FMT_SHARED`` that specifies whether to build format as a
+  shared library (off by default).
+
+0.9.0 - 2014-05-13
+------------------
+
+* More efficient implementation of variadic formatting functions.
+
+* ``Writer::Format`` now has a variadic overload:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    Writer out;
+    out.Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic");
+
+* For efficiency and consistency with other overloads, variadic overload of
+  the ``Format`` function now returns ``Writer`` instead of ``std::string``.
+  Use the ``str`` function to convert it to ``std::string``:
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = str(Format("Look, I'm {}!", "variadic"));
+
+* Replaced formatter actions with output sinks: ``NoAction`` -> ``NullSink``,
+  ``Write`` -> ``FileSink``, ``ColorWriter`` -> ``ANSITerminalSink``.
+  This improves naming consistency and shouldn't affect client code unless
+  these classes are used directly which should be rarely needed.
+
+* Added ``ThrowSystemError`` function that formats a message and throws
+  ``SystemError`` containing the formatted message and system-specific error
+  description. For example, the following code
+
+  .. code:: c++
+
+    FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
+    if (!f)
+      ThrowSystemError(errno, "Failed to open file '{}'") << filename;
+
+  will throw ``SystemError`` exception with description
+  "Failed to open file '<filename>': No such file or directory" if file
+  doesn't exist.
+
+* Support for AppVeyor continuous integration platform.
+
+* ``Format`` now throws ``SystemError`` in case of I/O errors.
+
+* Improve test infrastructure. Print functions are now tested by redirecting
+  the output to a pipe.
+
+0.8.0 - 2014-04-14
+------------------
+
+* Initial release
diff --git a/external/fmt/LICENSE.rst b/external/fmt/LICENSE.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0ec3db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/LICENSE.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+--- Optional exception to the license ---
+
+As an exception, if, as a result of your compiling your source code, portions
+of this Software are embedded into a machine-executable object form of such
+source code, you may redistribute such embedded portions in such object form
+without including the above copyright and permission notices.
diff --git a/external/fmt/README.rst b/external/fmt/README.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..482a84e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/README.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,524 @@
+{fmt}
+=====
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/linux/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Alinux
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/macos/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Amacos
+
+.. image:: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/workflows/windows/badge.svg
+   :target: https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/actions?query=workflow%3Awindows
+
+.. image:: https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/ehjkiefde6gucy1v
+   :target: https://ci.appveyor.com/project/vitaut/fmt
+
+.. image:: https://oss-fuzz-build-logs.storage.googleapis.com/badges/fmt.svg
+   :alt: fmt is continuously fuzzed at oss-fuzz
+   :target: https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?\
+            colspec=ID%20Type%20Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20\
+            Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1
+
+.. image:: https://img.shields.io/badge/stackoverflow-fmt-blue.svg
+   :alt: Ask questions at StackOverflow with the tag fmt
+   :target: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt
+
+**{fmt}** is an open-source formatting library providing a fast and safe
+alternative to C stdio and C++ iostreams.
+
+If you like this project, please consider donating to the BYSOL
+Foundation that helps victims of political repressions in Belarus:
+https://bysol.org/en/bs/general/.
+
+`Documentation <https://fmt.dev>`__
+
+Q&A: ask questions on `StackOverflow with the tag fmt
+<https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/fmt>`_.
+
+Try {fmt} in `Compiler Explorer <https://godbolt.org/z/Eq5763>`_.
+
+Features
+--------
+
+* Simple `format API <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html>`_ with positional arguments
+  for localization
+* Implementation of `C++20 std::format
+  <https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/format>`__
+* `Format string syntax <https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html>`_ similar to Python's
+  `format <https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.format>`_
+* Fast IEEE 754 floating-point formatter with correct rounding, shortness and
+  round-trip guarantees
+* Safe `printf implementation
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#printf-formatting>`_ including the POSIX
+  extension for positional arguments
+* Extensibility: `support for user-defined types
+  <https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#formatting-user-defined-types>`_
+* High performance: faster than common standard library implementations of
+  ``(s)printf``, iostreams, ``to_string`` and ``to_chars``, see `Speed tests`_
+  and `Converting a hundred million integers to strings per second
+  <http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_
+* Small code size both in terms of source code with the minimum configuration
+  consisting of just three files, ``core.h``, ``format.h`` and ``format-inl.h``,
+  and compiled code; see `Compile time and code bloat`_
+* Reliability: the library has an extensive set of `tests
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/tree/master/test>`_ and is `continuously fuzzed
+  <https://bugs.chromium.org/p/oss-fuzz/issues/list?colspec=ID%20Type%20
+  Component%20Status%20Proj%20Reported%20Owner%20Summary&q=proj%3Dfmt&can=1>`_
+* Safety: the library is fully type safe, errors in format strings can be
+  reported at compile time, automatic memory management prevents buffer overflow
+  errors
+* Ease of use: small self-contained code base, no external dependencies,
+  permissive MIT `license
+  <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_
+* `Portability <https://fmt.dev/latest/index.html#portability>`_ with
+  consistent output across platforms and support for older compilers
+* Clean warning-free codebase even on high warning levels such as
+  ``-Wall -Wextra -pedantic``
+* Locale-independence by default
+* Optional header-only configuration enabled with the ``FMT_HEADER_ONLY`` macro
+
+See the `documentation <https://fmt.dev>`_ for more details.
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+**Print to stdout** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/Tevcjh>`_)
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    #include <fmt/core.h>
+    
+    int main() {
+      fmt::print("Hello, world!\n");
+    }
+
+**Format a string** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/oK8h33>`_)
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = fmt::format("The answer is {}.", 42);
+    // s == "The answer is 42."
+
+**Format a string using positional arguments** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/Yn7Txe>`_)
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = fmt::format("I'd rather be {1} than {0}.", "right", "happy");
+    // s == "I'd rather be happy than right."
+
+**Print chrono durations** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/K8s4Mc>`_)
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    #include <fmt/chrono.h>
+
+    int main() {
+      using namespace std::literals::chrono_literals;
+      fmt::print("Default format: {} {}\n", 42s, 100ms);
+      fmt::print("strftime-like format: {:%H:%M:%S}\n", 3h + 15min + 30s);
+    }
+
+Output::
+
+    Default format: 42s 100ms
+    strftime-like format: 03:15:30
+
+**Print a container** (`run <https://godbolt.org/z/MjsY7c>`_)
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    #include <vector>
+    #include <fmt/ranges.h>
+
+    int main() {
+      std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
+      fmt::print("{}\n", v);
+    }
+
+Output::
+
+    [1, 2, 3]
+
+**Check a format string at compile time**
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{:d}"), "I am not a number");
+
+This gives a compile-time error because ``d`` is an invalid format specifier for
+a string.
+
+**Write a file from a single thread**
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    #include <fmt/os.h>
+
+    int main() {
+      auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
+      out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
+    }
+
+This can be `5 to 9 times faster than fprintf
+<http://www.zverovich.net/2020/08/04/optimal-file-buffer-size.html>`_.
+
+**Print with colors and text styles**
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    #include <fmt/color.h>
+
+    int main() {
+      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::crimson) | fmt::emphasis::bold,
+                 "Hello, {}!\n", "world");
+      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::floral_white) | bg(fmt::color::slate_gray) |
+                 fmt::emphasis::underline, "Hello, {}!\n", "мир");
+      fmt::print(fg(fmt::color::steel_blue) | fmt::emphasis::italic,
+                 "Hello, {}!\n", "世界");
+    }
+
+Output on a modern terminal:
+
+.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/
+           576385/88485597-d312f600-cf2b-11ea-9cbe-61f535a86e28.png
+
+Benchmarks
+----------
+
+Speed tests
+~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+================= ============= ===========
+Library           Method        Run Time, s
+================= ============= ===========
+libc              printf          1.04
+libc++            std::ostream    3.05
+{fmt} 6.1.1       fmt::print      0.75
+Boost Format 1.67 boost::format   7.24
+Folly Format      folly::format   2.23
+================= ============= ===========
+
+{fmt} is the fastest of the benchmarked methods, ~35% faster than ``printf``.
+
+The above results were generated by building ``tinyformat_test.cpp`` on macOS
+10.14.6 with ``clang++ -O3 -DNDEBUG -DSPEED_TEST -DHAVE_FORMAT``, and taking the
+best of three runs. In the test, the format string ``"%0.10f:%04d:%+g:%s:%p:%c:%%\n"``
+or equivalent is filled 2,000,000 times with output sent to ``/dev/null``; for
+further details refer to the `source
+<https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/tinyformat_test.cpp>`_.
+
+{fmt} is up to 20-30x faster than ``std::ostringstream`` and ``sprintf`` on
+floating-point formatting (`dtoa-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/dtoa-benchmark>`_)
+and faster than `double-conversion <https://github.com/google/double-conversion>`_ and
+`ryu <https://github.com/ulfjack/ryu>`_:
+
+.. image:: https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/576385/
+           95684665-11719600-0ba8-11eb-8e5b-972ff4e49428.png
+   :target: https://fmt.dev/unknown_mac64_clang12.0.html
+
+Compile time and code bloat
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The script `bloat-test.py
+<https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/bloat-test.py>`_
+from `format-benchmark <https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark>`_
+tests compile time and code bloat for nontrivial projects.
+It generates 100 translation units and uses ``printf()`` or its alternative
+five times in each to simulate a medium sized project.  The resulting
+executable size and compile time (Apple LLVM version 8.1.0 (clang-802.0.42),
+macOS Sierra, best of three) is shown in the following tables.
+
+**Optimized build (-O3)**
+
+============= =============== ==================== ==================
+Method        Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
+============= =============== ==================== ==================
+printf                    2.6                   29                 26
+printf+string            16.4                   29                 26
+iostreams                31.1                   59                 55
+{fmt}                    19.0                   37                 34
+Boost Format             91.9                  226                203
+Folly Format            115.7                  101                 88
+============= =============== ==================== ==================
+
+As you can see, {fmt} has 60% less overhead in terms of resulting binary code
+size compared to iostreams and comes pretty close to ``printf``. Boost Format
+and Folly Format have the largest overheads.
+
+``printf+string`` is the same as ``printf`` but with extra ``<string>``
+include to measure the overhead of the latter.
+
+**Non-optimized build**
+
+============= =============== ==================== ==================
+Method        Compile Time, s Executable size, KiB Stripped size, KiB
+============= =============== ==================== ==================
+printf                    2.2                   33                 30
+printf+string            16.0                   33                 30
+iostreams                28.3                   56                 52
+{fmt}                    18.2                   59                 50
+Boost Format             54.1                  365                303
+Folly Format             79.9                  445                430
+============= =============== ==================== ==================
+
+``libc``, ``lib(std)c++`` and ``libfmt`` are all linked as shared libraries to
+compare formatting function overhead only. Boost Format is a
+header-only library so it doesn't provide any linkage options.
+
+Running the tests
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Please refer to `Building the library`__ for the instructions on how to build
+the library and run the unit tests.
+
+__ https://fmt.dev/latest/usage.html#building-the-library
+
+Benchmarks reside in a separate repository,
+`format-benchmarks <https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark>`_,
+so to run the benchmarks you first need to clone this repository and
+generate Makefiles with CMake::
+
+    $ git clone --recursive https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark.git
+    $ cd format-benchmark
+    $ cmake .
+
+Then you can run the speed test::
+
+    $ make speed-test
+
+or the bloat test::
+
+    $ make bloat-test
+    
+Migrating code
+--------------
+
+`clang-tidy-fmt <https://github.com/mikecrowe/clang-tidy-fmt>`_ provides clang
+tidy checks for converting occurrences of ``printf`` and ``fprintf`` to
+``fmt::print``.
+
+Projects using this library
+---------------------------
+
+* `0 A.D. <https://play0ad.com/>`_: a free, open-source, cross-platform
+  real-time strategy game
+
+* `2GIS <https://2gis.ru/>`_: free business listings with a city map
+
+* `AMPL/MP <https://github.com/ampl/mp>`_:
+  an open-source library for mathematical programming
+
+* `Aseprite <https://github.com/aseprite/aseprite>`_:
+  animated sprite editor & pixel art tool 
+
+* `AvioBook <https://www.aviobook.aero/en>`_: a comprehensive aircraft
+  operations suite
+  
+* `Blizzard Battle.net <https://battle.net/>`_: an online gaming platform
+  
+* `Celestia <https://celestia.space/>`_: real-time 3D visualization of space
+
+* `Ceph <https://ceph.com/>`_: a scalable distributed storage system
+
+* `ccache <https://ccache.dev/>`_: a compiler cache
+
+* `ClickHouse <https://github.com/ClickHouse/ClickHouse>`_: analytical database
+  management system
+
+* `CUAUV <https://cuauv.org/>`_: Cornell University's autonomous underwater
+  vehicle
+
+* `Drake <https://drake.mit.edu/>`_: a planning, control, and analysis toolbox
+  for nonlinear dynamical systems (MIT)
+
+* `Envoy <https://lyft.github.io/envoy/>`_: C++ L7 proxy and communication bus
+  (Lyft)
+
+* `FiveM <https://fivem.net/>`_: a modification framework for GTA V
+
+* `fmtlog <https://github.com/MengRao/fmtlog>`_: a performant fmtlib-style
+  logging library with latency in nanoseconds
+
+* `Folly <https://github.com/facebook/folly>`_: Facebook open-source library
+
+* `HarpyWar/pvpgn <https://github.com/pvpgn/pvpgn-server>`_:
+  Player vs Player Gaming Network with tweaks
+
+* `KBEngine <https://github.com/kbengine/kbengine>`_: an open-source MMOG server
+  engine
+
+* `Keypirinha <https://keypirinha.com/>`_: a semantic launcher for Windows
+
+* `Kodi <https://kodi.tv/>`_ (formerly xbmc): home theater software
+
+* `Knuth <https://kth.cash/>`_: high-performance Bitcoin full-node
+
+* `Microsoft Verona <https://github.com/microsoft/verona>`_:
+  research programming language for concurrent ownership
+
+* `MongoDB <https://mongodb.com/>`_: distributed document database
+
+* `MongoDB Smasher <https://github.com/duckie/mongo_smasher>`_: a small tool to
+  generate randomized datasets
+
+* `OpenSpace <https://openspaceproject.com/>`_: an open-source
+  astrovisualization framework
+
+* `PenUltima Online (POL) <https://www.polserver.com/>`_:
+  an MMO server, compatible with most Ultima Online clients
+
+* `PyTorch <https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch>`_: an open-source machine
+  learning library
+
+* `quasardb <https://www.quasardb.net/>`_: a distributed, high-performance,
+  associative database
+  
+* `Quill <https://github.com/odygrd/quill>`_: asynchronous low-latency logging library
+
+* `QKW <https://github.com/ravijanjam/qkw>`_: generalizing aliasing to simplify
+  navigation, and executing complex multi-line terminal command sequences
+
+* `redis-cerberus <https://github.com/HunanTV/redis-cerberus>`_: a Redis cluster
+  proxy
+
+* `redpanda <https://vectorized.io/redpanda>`_: a 10x faster Kafka® replacement
+  for mission critical systems written in C++
+
+* `rpclib <http://rpclib.net/>`_: a modern C++ msgpack-RPC server and client
+  library
+
+* `Salesforce Analytics Cloud
+  <https://www.salesforce.com/analytics-cloud/overview/>`_:
+  business intelligence software
+
+* `Scylla <https://www.scylladb.com/>`_: a Cassandra-compatible NoSQL data store
+  that can handle 1 million transactions per second on a single server
+
+* `Seastar <http://www.seastar-project.org/>`_: an advanced, open-source C++
+  framework for high-performance server applications on modern hardware
+
+* `spdlog <https://github.com/gabime/spdlog>`_: super fast C++ logging library
+
+* `Stellar <https://www.stellar.org/>`_: financial platform
+
+* `Touch Surgery <https://www.touchsurgery.com/>`_: surgery simulator
+
+* `TrinityCore <https://github.com/TrinityCore/TrinityCore>`_: open-source
+  MMORPG framework
+
+* `Windows Terminal <https://github.com/microsoft/terminal>`_: the new Windows
+  terminal
+
+`More... <https://github.com/search?q=fmtlib&type=Code>`_
+
+If you are aware of other projects using this library, please let me know
+by `email <mailto:victor.zverovich@gmail.com>`_ or by submitting an
+`issue <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues>`_.
+
+Motivation
+----------
+
+So why yet another formatting library?
+
+There are plenty of methods for doing this task, from standard ones like
+the printf family of function and iostreams to Boost Format and FastFormat
+libraries. The reason for creating a new library is that every existing
+solution that I found either had serious issues or didn't provide
+all the features I needed.
+
+printf
+~~~~~~
+
+The good thing about ``printf`` is that it is pretty fast and readily available
+being a part of the C standard library. The main drawback is that it
+doesn't support user-defined types. ``printf`` also has safety issues although
+they are somewhat mitigated with `__attribute__ ((format (printf, ...))
+<https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/Function-Attributes.html>`_ in GCC.
+There is a POSIX extension that adds positional arguments required for
+`i18n <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalization_and_localization>`_
+to ``printf`` but it is not a part of C99 and may not be available on some
+platforms.
+
+iostreams
+~~~~~~~~~
+
+The main issue with iostreams is best illustrated with an example:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    std::cout << std::setprecision(2) << std::fixed << 1.23456 << "\n";
+
+which is a lot of typing compared to printf:
+
+.. code:: c++
+
+    printf("%.2f\n", 1.23456);
+
+Matthew Wilson, the author of FastFormat, called this "chevron hell". iostreams
+don't support positional arguments by design.
+
+The good part is that iostreams support user-defined types and are safe although
+error handling is awkward.
+
+Boost Format
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is a very powerful library which supports both ``printf``-like format
+strings and positional arguments. Its main drawback is performance. According to
+various, benchmarks it is much slower than other methods considered here. Boost
+Format also has excessive build times and severe code bloat issues (see
+`Benchmarks`_).
+
+FastFormat
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is an interesting library which is fast, safe and has positional arguments.
+However, it has significant limitations, citing its author:
+
+    Three features that have no hope of being accommodated within the
+    current design are:
+
+    * Leading zeros (or any other non-space padding)
+    * Octal/hexadecimal encoding
+    * Runtime width/alignment specification
+
+It is also quite big and has a heavy dependency, STLSoft, which might be too
+restrictive for using it in some projects.
+
+Boost Spirit.Karma
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+This is not really a formatting library but I decided to include it here for
+completeness. As iostreams, it suffers from the problem of mixing verbatim text
+with arguments. The library is pretty fast, but slower on integer formatting
+than ``fmt::format_to`` with format string compilation on Karma's own benchmark,
+see `Converting a hundred million integers to strings per second
+<http://www.zverovich.net/2020/06/13/fast-int-to-string-revisited.html>`_.
+
+License
+-------
+
+{fmt} is distributed under the MIT `license
+<https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/blob/master/LICENSE.rst>`_.
+
+Documentation License
+---------------------
+
+The `Format String Syntax <https://fmt.dev/latest/syntax.html>`_
+section in the documentation is based on the one from Python `string module
+documentation <https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#module-string>`_.
+For this reason the documentation is distributed under the Python Software
+Foundation license available in `doc/python-license.txt
+<https://raw.github.com/fmtlib/fmt/master/doc/python-license.txt>`_.
+It only applies if you distribute the documentation of {fmt}.
+
+Maintainers
+-----------
+
+The {fmt} library is maintained by Victor Zverovich (`vitaut
+<https://github.com/vitaut>`_) and Jonathan Müller (`foonathan
+<https://github.com/foonathan>`_) with contributions from many other people.
+See `Contributors <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/graphs/contributors>`_ and
+`Releases <https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/releases>`_ for some of the names.
+Let us know if your contribution is not listed or mentioned incorrectly and
+we'll make it right.
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/args.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/args.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..562e8ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/args.h
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - dynamic format arguments
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_ARGS_H_
+#define FMT_ARGS_H_
+
+#include <functional>  // std::reference_wrapper
+#include <memory>      // std::unique_ptr
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "core.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T> struct is_reference_wrapper : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_reference_wrapper<std::reference_wrapper<T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const T& v) { return v; }
+template <typename T> const T& unwrap(const std::reference_wrapper<T>& v) {
+  return static_cast<const T&>(v);
+}
+
+class dynamic_arg_list {
+  // Workaround for clang's -Wweak-vtables. Unlike for regular classes, for
+  // templates it doesn't complain about inability to deduce single translation
+  // unit for placing vtable. So storage_node_base is made a fake template.
+  template <typename = void> struct node {
+    virtual ~node() = default;
+    std::unique_ptr<node<>> next;
+  };
+
+  template <typename T> struct typed_node : node<> {
+    T value;
+
+    template <typename Arg>
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR typed_node(const Arg& arg) : value(arg) {}
+
+    template <typename Char>
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR typed_node(const basic_string_view<Char>& arg)
+        : value(arg.data(), arg.size()) {}
+  };
+
+  std::unique_ptr<node<>> head_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename T, typename Arg> const T& push(const Arg& arg) {
+    auto new_node = std::unique_ptr<typed_node<T>>(new typed_node<T>(arg));
+    auto& value = new_node->value;
+    new_node->next = std::move(head_);
+    head_ = std::move(new_node);
+    return value;
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A dynamic version of `fmt::format_arg_store`.
+  It's equipped with a storage to potentially temporary objects which lifetimes
+  could be shorter than the format arguments object.
+
+  It can be implicitly converted into `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing
+  into type-erased formatting functions such as `~fmt::vformat`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context>
+class dynamic_format_arg_store
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+    // Workaround a GCC template argument substitution bug.
+    : public basic_format_args<Context>
+#endif
+{
+ private:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  template <typename T> struct need_copy {
+    static constexpr detail::type mapped_type =
+        detail::mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value;
+
+    enum {
+      value = !(detail::is_reference_wrapper<T>::value ||
+                std::is_same<T, basic_string_view<char_type>>::value ||
+                std::is_same<T, detail::std_string_view<char_type>>::value ||
+                (mapped_type != detail::type::cstring_type &&
+                 mapped_type != detail::type::string_type &&
+                 mapped_type != detail::type::custom_type))
+    };
+  };
+
+  template <typename T>
+  using stored_type = conditional_t<detail::is_string<T>::value &&
+                                        !has_formatter<T, Context>::value &&
+                                        !detail::is_reference_wrapper<T>::value,
+                                    std::basic_string<char_type>, T>;
+
+  // Storage of basic_format_arg must be contiguous.
+  std::vector<basic_format_arg<Context>> data_;
+  std::vector<detail::named_arg_info<char_type>> named_info_;
+
+  // Storage of arguments not fitting into basic_format_arg must grow
+  // without relocation because items in data_ refer to it.
+  detail::dynamic_arg_list dynamic_args_;
+
+  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
+
+  unsigned long long get_types() const {
+    return detail::is_unpacked_bit | data_.size() |
+           (named_info_.empty()
+                ? 0ULL
+                : static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit));
+  }
+
+  const basic_format_arg<Context>* data() const {
+    return named_info_.empty() ? data_.data() : data_.data() + 1;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T> void emplace_arg(const T& arg) {
+    data_.emplace_back(detail::make_arg<Context>(arg));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T>
+  void emplace_arg(const detail::named_arg<char_type, T>& arg) {
+    if (named_info_.empty()) {
+      constexpr const detail::named_arg_info<char_type>* zero_ptr{nullptr};
+      data_.insert(data_.begin(), {zero_ptr, 0});
+    }
+    data_.emplace_back(detail::make_arg<Context>(detail::unwrap(arg.value)));
+    auto pop_one = [](std::vector<basic_format_arg<Context>>* data) {
+      data->pop_back();
+    };
+    std::unique_ptr<std::vector<basic_format_arg<Context>>, decltype(pop_one)>
+        guard{&data_, pop_one};
+    named_info_.push_back({arg.name, static_cast<int>(data_.size() - 2u)});
+    data_[0].value_.named_args = {named_info_.data(), named_info_.size()};
+    guard.release();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Adds an argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
+    function.
+
+    Note that custom types and string types (but not string views) are copied
+    into the store dynamically allocating memory if necessary.
+
+    **Example**::
+
+      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+      store.push_back(42);
+      store.push_back("abc");
+      store.push_back(1.5f);
+      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{} and {} and {}", store);
+    \endrst
+  */
+  template <typename T> void push_back(const T& arg) {
+    if (detail::const_check(need_copy<T>::value))
+      emplace_arg(dynamic_args_.push<stored_type<T>>(arg));
+    else
+      emplace_arg(detail::unwrap(arg));
+  }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Adds a reference to the argument into the dynamic store for later passing to
+    a formatting function.
+
+    **Example**::
+
+      fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> store;
+      char band[] = "Rolling Stones";
+      store.push_back(std::cref(band));
+      band[9] = 'c'; // Changing str affects the output.
+      std::string result = fmt::vformat("{}", store);
+      // result == "Rolling Scones"
+    \endrst
+  */
+  template <typename T> void push_back(std::reference_wrapper<T> arg) {
+    static_assert(
+        need_copy<T>::value,
+        "objects of built-in types and string views are always copied");
+    emplace_arg(arg.get());
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Adds named argument into the dynamic store for later passing to a formatting
+    function. ``std::reference_wrapper`` is supported to avoid copying of the
+    argument. The name is always copied into the store.
+  */
+  template <typename T>
+  void push_back(const detail::named_arg<char_type, T>& arg) {
+    const char_type* arg_name =
+        dynamic_args_.push<std::basic_string<char_type>>(arg.name).c_str();
+    if (detail::const_check(need_copy<T>::value)) {
+      emplace_arg(
+          fmt::arg(arg_name, dynamic_args_.push<stored_type<T>>(arg.value)));
+    } else {
+      emplace_arg(fmt::arg(arg_name, arg.value));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /** Erase all elements from the store */
+  void clear() {
+    data_.clear();
+    named_info_.clear();
+    dynamic_args_ = detail::dynamic_arg_list();
+  }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Reserves space to store at least *new_cap* arguments including
+    *new_cap_named* named arguments.
+    \endrst
+  */
+  void reserve(size_t new_cap, size_t new_cap_named) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(new_cap >= new_cap_named,
+               "Set of arguments includes set of named arguments");
+    data_.reserve(new_cap);
+    named_info_.reserve(new_cap_named);
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_ARGS_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e03149
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/chrono.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1259 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - chrono support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_CHRONO_H_
+#define FMT_CHRONO_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <locale>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+// Enable safe chrono durations, unless explicitly disabled.
+#ifndef FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+#  define FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST 1
+#endif
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+
+// For conversion between std::chrono::durations without undefined
+// behaviour or erroneous results.
+// This is a stripped down version of duration_cast, for inclusion in fmt.
+// See https://github.com/pauldreik/safe_duration_cast
+//
+// Copyright Paul Dreik 2019
+namespace safe_duration_cast {
+
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value &&
+                        std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed ==
+                            std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
+  using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
+  static_assert(F::is_integer, "From must be integral");
+  static_assert(T::is_integer, "To must be integral");
+
+  // A and B are both signed, or both unsigned.
+  if (F::digits <= T::digits) {
+    // From fits in To without any problem.
+  } else {
+    // From does not always fit in To, resort to a dynamic check.
+    if (from < (T::min)() || from > (T::max)()) {
+      // outside range.
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+  }
+  return static_cast<To>(from);
+}
+
+/**
+ * converts From to To, without loss. If the dynamic value of from
+ * can't be converted to To without loss, ec is set.
+ */
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value &&
+                        std::numeric_limits<From>::is_signed !=
+                            std::numeric_limits<To>::is_signed)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  using F = std::numeric_limits<From>;
+  using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
+  static_assert(F::is_integer, "From must be integral");
+  static_assert(T::is_integer, "To must be integral");
+
+  if (detail::const_check(F::is_signed && !T::is_signed)) {
+    // From may be negative, not allowed!
+    if (fmt::detail::is_negative(from)) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    // From is positive. Can it always fit in To?
+    if (F::digits > T::digits &&
+        from > static_cast<From>(detail::max_value<To>())) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!F::is_signed && T::is_signed && F::digits >= T::digits &&
+      from > static_cast<From>(detail::max_value<To>())) {
+    ec = 1;
+    return {};
+  }
+  return static_cast<To>(from);  // Lossless conversion.
+}
+
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To lossless_integral_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  return from;
+}  // function
+
+// clang-format off
+/**
+ * converts From to To if possible, otherwise ec is set.
+ *
+ * input                            |    output
+ * ---------------------------------|---------------
+ * NaN                              | NaN
+ * Inf                              | Inf
+ * normal, fits in output           | converted (possibly lossy)
+ * normal, does not fit in output   | ec is set
+ * subnormal                        | best effort
+ * -Inf                             | -Inf
+ */
+// clang-format on
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  using T = std::numeric_limits<To>;
+  static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
+  static_assert(std::is_floating_point<To>::value, "To must be floating");
+
+  // catch the only happy case
+  if (std::isfinite(from)) {
+    if (from >= T::lowest() && from <= (T::max)()) {
+      return static_cast<To>(from);
+    }
+    // not within range.
+    ec = 1;
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // nan and inf will be preserved
+  return static_cast<To>(from);
+}  // function
+
+template <typename To, typename From,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<From, To>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR To safe_float_conversion(const From from, int& ec) {
+  ec = 0;
+  static_assert(std::is_floating_point<From>::value, "From must be floating");
+  return from;
+}
+
+/**
+ * safe duration cast between integral durations
+ */
+template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<FromRep>::value),
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<typename To::rep>::value)>
+To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
+                      int& ec) {
+  using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
+  ec = 0;
+  // the basic idea is that we need to convert from count() in the from type
+  // to count() in the To type, by multiplying it with this:
+  struct Factor
+      : std::ratio_divide<typename From::period, typename To::period> {};
+
+  static_assert(Factor::num > 0, "num must be positive");
+  static_assert(Factor::den > 0, "den must be positive");
+
+  // the conversion is like this: multiply from.count() with Factor::num
+  // /Factor::den and convert it to To::rep, all this without
+  // overflow/underflow. let's start by finding a suitable type that can hold
+  // both To, From and Factor::num
+  using IntermediateRep =
+      typename std::common_type<typename From::rep, typename To::rep,
+                                decltype(Factor::num)>::type;
+
+  // safe conversion to IntermediateRep
+  IntermediateRep count =
+      lossless_integral_conversion<IntermediateRep>(from.count(), ec);
+  if (ec) return {};
+  // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
+  if (detail::const_check(Factor::num != 1)) {
+    const auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() / Factor::num;
+    if (count > max1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    const auto min1 =
+        (std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::min)() / Factor::num;
+    if (count < min1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    count *= Factor::num;
+  }
+
+  if (detail::const_check(Factor::den != 1)) count /= Factor::den;
+  auto tocount = lossless_integral_conversion<typename To::rep>(count, ec);
+  return ec ? To() : To(tocount);
+}
+
+/**
+ * safe duration_cast between floating point durations
+ */
+template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<FromRep>::value),
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<typename To::rep>::value)>
+To safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from,
+                      int& ec) {
+  using From = std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod>;
+  ec = 0;
+  if (std::isnan(from.count())) {
+    // nan in, gives nan out. easy.
+    return To{std::numeric_limits<typename To::rep>::quiet_NaN()};
+  }
+  // maybe we should also check if from is denormal, and decide what to do about
+  // it.
+
+  // +-inf should be preserved.
+  if (std::isinf(from.count())) {
+    return To{from.count()};
+  }
+
+  // the basic idea is that we need to convert from count() in the from type
+  // to count() in the To type, by multiplying it with this:
+  struct Factor
+      : std::ratio_divide<typename From::period, typename To::period> {};
+
+  static_assert(Factor::num > 0, "num must be positive");
+  static_assert(Factor::den > 0, "den must be positive");
+
+  // the conversion is like this: multiply from.count() with Factor::num
+  // /Factor::den and convert it to To::rep, all this without
+  // overflow/underflow. let's start by finding a suitable type that can hold
+  // both To, From and Factor::num
+  using IntermediateRep =
+      typename std::common_type<typename From::rep, typename To::rep,
+                                decltype(Factor::num)>::type;
+
+  // force conversion of From::rep -> IntermediateRep to be safe,
+  // even if it will never happen be narrowing in this context.
+  IntermediateRep count =
+      safe_float_conversion<IntermediateRep>(from.count(), ec);
+  if (ec) {
+    return {};
+  }
+
+  // multiply with Factor::num without overflow or underflow
+  if (Factor::num != 1) {
+    constexpr auto max1 = detail::max_value<IntermediateRep>() /
+                          static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
+    if (count > max1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    constexpr auto min1 = std::numeric_limits<IntermediateRep>::lowest() /
+                          static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
+    if (count < min1) {
+      ec = 1;
+      return {};
+    }
+    count *= static_cast<IntermediateRep>(Factor::num);
+  }
+
+  // this can't go wrong, right? den>0 is checked earlier.
+  if (Factor::den != 1) {
+    using common_t = typename std::common_type<IntermediateRep, intmax_t>::type;
+    count /= static_cast<common_t>(Factor::den);
+  }
+
+  // convert to the to type, safely
+  using ToRep = typename To::rep;
+
+  const ToRep tocount = safe_float_conversion<ToRep>(count, ec);
+  if (ec) {
+    return {};
+  }
+  return To{tocount};
+}
+}  // namespace safe_duration_cast
+#endif
+
+// Prevents expansion of a preceding token as a function-style macro.
+// Usage: f FMT_NOMACRO()
+#define FMT_NOMACRO
+
+namespace detail {
+template <typename T = void> struct null {};
+inline null<> localtime_r FMT_NOMACRO(...) { return null<>(); }
+inline null<> localtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
+inline null<> gmtime_r(...) { return null<>(); }
+inline null<> gmtime_s(...) { return null<>(); }
+
+inline auto do_write(const std::tm& time, const std::locale& loc, char format,
+                     char modifier) -> std::string {
+  auto&& os = std::ostringstream();
+  using iterator = std::ostreambuf_iterator<char>;
+  const auto& facet = std::use_facet<std::time_put<char, iterator>>(loc);
+  auto end = facet.put(os, os, ' ', &time, format, modifier);
+  if (end.failed()) FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
+  auto str = os.str();
+  if (!detail::is_utf8() || loc == std::locale::classic()) return str;
+  // char16_t and char32_t codecvts are broken in MSVC (linkage errors).
+  using code_unit = conditional_t<FMT_MSC_VER != 0, wchar_t, char16_t>;
+  auto& f = std::use_facet<std::codecvt<code_unit, char, std::mbstate_t>>(loc);
+  auto mb = std::mbstate_t();
+  const char* from_next = nullptr;
+  code_unit* to_next = nullptr;
+  constexpr size_t buf_size = 32;
+  code_unit buf[buf_size] = {};
+  auto result = f.in(mb, str.data(), str.data() + str.size(), from_next, buf,
+                     buf + buf_size, to_next);
+  if (result != std::codecvt_base::ok)
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
+  str.clear();
+  for (code_unit* p = buf; p != to_next; ++p) {
+    auto c = *p;
+    if (c < 0x80) {
+      str.push_back(static_cast<char>(c));
+    } else if (c < 0x800) {
+      str.push_back(static_cast<char>(0xc0 | (c >> 6)));
+      str.push_back(static_cast<char>(0x80 | (c & 0x3f)));
+    } else {
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("failed to format time"));
+    }
+  }
+  return str;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+auto write(OutputIt out, const std::tm& time, const std::locale& loc,
+           char format, char modifier = 0) -> OutputIt {
+  auto str = do_write(time, loc, format, modifier);
+  return std::copy(str.begin(), str.end(), out);
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+/**
+  Converts given time since epoch as ``std::time_t`` value into calendar time,
+  expressed in local time. Unlike ``std::localtime``, this function is
+  thread-safe on most platforms.
+ */
+inline std::tm localtime(std::time_t time) {
+  struct dispatcher {
+    std::time_t time_;
+    std::tm tm_;
+
+    dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
+
+    bool run() {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return handle(localtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
+    }
+
+    bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
+
+    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return fallback(localtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
+    }
+
+    bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER
+    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      std::tm* tm = std::localtime(&time_);
+      if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
+      return tm != nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+  };
+  dispatcher lt(time);
+  // Too big time values may be unsupported.
+  if (!lt.run()) FMT_THROW(format_error("time_t value out of range"));
+  return lt.tm_;
+}
+
+inline std::tm localtime(
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> time_point) {
+  return localtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point));
+}
+
+/**
+  Converts given time since epoch as ``std::time_t`` value into calendar time,
+  expressed in Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Unlike ``std::gmtime``, this
+  function is thread-safe on most platforms.
+ */
+inline std::tm gmtime(std::time_t time) {
+  struct dispatcher {
+    std::time_t time_;
+    std::tm tm_;
+
+    dispatcher(std::time_t t) : time_(t) {}
+
+    bool run() {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return handle(gmtime_r(&time_, &tm_));
+    }
+
+    bool handle(std::tm* tm) { return tm != nullptr; }
+
+    bool handle(detail::null<>) {
+      using namespace fmt::detail;
+      return fallback(gmtime_s(&tm_, &time_));
+    }
+
+    bool fallback(int res) { return res == 0; }
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER
+    bool fallback(detail::null<>) {
+      std::tm* tm = std::gmtime(&time_);
+      if (tm) tm_ = *tm;
+      return tm != nullptr;
+    }
+#endif
+  };
+  dispatcher gt(time);
+  // Too big time values may be unsupported.
+  if (!gt.run()) FMT_THROW(format_error("time_t value out of range"));
+  return gt.tm_;
+}
+
+inline std::tm gmtime(
+    std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> time_point) {
+  return gmtime(std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(time_point));
+}
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+inline size_t strftime(char* str, size_t count, const char* format,
+                       const std::tm* time) {
+  // Assign to a pointer to suppress GCCs -Wformat-nonliteral
+  // First assign the nullptr to suppress -Wsuggest-attribute=format
+  std::size_t (*strftime)(char*, std::size_t, const char*, const std::tm*) =
+      nullptr;
+  strftime = std::strftime;
+  return strftime(str, count, format, time);
+}
+
+inline size_t strftime(wchar_t* str, size_t count, const wchar_t* format,
+                       const std::tm* time) {
+  // See above
+  std::size_t (*wcsftime)(wchar_t*, std::size_t, const wchar_t*,
+                          const std::tm*) = nullptr;
+  wcsftime = std::wcsftime;
+  return wcsftime(str, count, format, time);
+}
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Char, typename Duration>
+struct formatter<std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock, Duration>,
+                 Char> : formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::system_clock> val,
+              FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    std::tm time = localtime(val);
+    return formatter<std::tm, Char>::format(time, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::tm, Char> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto it = ctx.begin();
+    if (it != ctx.end() && *it == ':') ++it;
+    auto end = it;
+    while (end != ctx.end() && *end != '}') ++end;
+    specs = {it, detail::to_unsigned(end - it)};
+    return end;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const std::tm& tm, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> tm_format;
+    tm_format.append(specs.begin(), specs.end());
+    // By appending an extra space we can distinguish an empty result that
+    // indicates insufficient buffer size from a guaranteed non-empty result
+    // https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/2238
+    tm_format.push_back(' ');
+    tm_format.push_back('\0');
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+    size_t start = buf.size();
+    for (;;) {
+      size_t size = buf.capacity() - start;
+      size_t count = detail::strftime(&buf[start], size, &tm_format[0], &tm);
+      if (count != 0) {
+        buf.resize(start + count);
+        break;
+      }
+      const size_t MIN_GROWTH = 10;
+      buf.reserve(buf.capacity() + (size > MIN_GROWTH ? size : MIN_GROWTH));
+    }
+    // Remove the extra space.
+    return std::copy(buf.begin(), buf.end() - 1, ctx.out());
+  }
+
+  basic_string_view<Char> specs;
+};
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Period> FMT_CONSTEXPR inline const char* get_units() {
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::atto>::value) return "as";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::femto>::value) return "fs";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::pico>::value) return "ps";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::nano>::value) return "ns";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::micro>::value) return "µs";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::milli>::value) return "ms";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::centi>::value) return "cs";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::deci>::value) return "ds";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<1>>::value) return "s";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::deca>::value) return "das";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::hecto>::value) return "hs";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::kilo>::value) return "ks";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::mega>::value) return "Ms";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::giga>::value) return "Gs";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::tera>::value) return "Ts";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::peta>::value) return "Ps";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::exa>::value) return "Es";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<60>>::value) return "m";
+  if (std::is_same<Period, std::ratio<3600>>::value) return "h";
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
+enum class numeric_system {
+  standard,
+  // Alternative numeric system, e.g. �二 instead of 12 in ja_JP locale.
+  alternative
+};
+
+// Parses a put_time-like format string and invokes handler actions.
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* parse_chrono_format(const Char* begin,
+                                              const Char* end,
+                                              Handler&& handler) {
+  auto ptr = begin;
+  while (ptr != end) {
+    auto c = *ptr;
+    if (c == '}') break;
+    if (c != '%') {
+      ++ptr;
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (begin != ptr) handler.on_text(begin, ptr);
+    ++ptr;  // consume '%'
+    if (ptr == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+    c = *ptr++;
+    switch (c) {
+    case '%':
+      handler.on_text(ptr - 1, ptr);
+      break;
+    case 'n': {
+      const Char newline[] = {'\n'};
+      handler.on_text(newline, newline + 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 't': {
+      const Char tab[] = {'\t'};
+      handler.on_text(tab, tab + 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    // Day of the week:
+    case 'a':
+      handler.on_abbr_weekday();
+      break;
+    case 'A':
+      handler.on_full_weekday();
+      break;
+    case 'w':
+      handler.on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'u':
+      handler.on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    // Month:
+    case 'b':
+      handler.on_abbr_month();
+      break;
+    case 'B':
+      handler.on_full_month();
+      break;
+    // Hour, minute, second:
+    case 'H':
+      handler.on_24_hour(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'I':
+      handler.on_12_hour(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'M':
+      handler.on_minute(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'S':
+      handler.on_second(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    // Other:
+    case 'c':
+      handler.on_datetime(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'x':
+      handler.on_loc_date(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'X':
+      handler.on_loc_time(numeric_system::standard);
+      break;
+    case 'D':
+      handler.on_us_date();
+      break;
+    case 'F':
+      handler.on_iso_date();
+      break;
+    case 'r':
+      handler.on_12_hour_time();
+      break;
+    case 'R':
+      handler.on_24_hour_time();
+      break;
+    case 'T':
+      handler.on_iso_time();
+      break;
+    case 'p':
+      handler.on_am_pm();
+      break;
+    case 'Q':
+      handler.on_duration_value();
+      break;
+    case 'q':
+      handler.on_duration_unit();
+      break;
+    case 'z':
+      handler.on_utc_offset();
+      break;
+    case 'Z':
+      handler.on_tz_name();
+      break;
+    // Alternative representation:
+    case 'E': {
+      if (ptr == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      c = *ptr++;
+      switch (c) {
+      case 'c':
+        handler.on_datetime(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'x':
+        handler.on_loc_date(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'X':
+        handler.on_loc_time(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      default:
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'O':
+      if (ptr == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      c = *ptr++;
+      switch (c) {
+      case 'w':
+        handler.on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'u':
+        handler.on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'H':
+        handler.on_24_hour(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'I':
+        handler.on_12_hour(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'M':
+        handler.on_minute(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      case 'S':
+        handler.on_second(numeric_system::alternative);
+        break;
+      default:
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+      }
+      break;
+    default:
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format"));
+    }
+    begin = ptr;
+  }
+  if (begin != ptr) handler.on_text(begin, ptr);
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+template <typename Derived> struct null_chrono_spec_handler {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void unsupported() {
+    static_cast<Derived*>(this)->unsupported();
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_weekday() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_weekday() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_abbr_month() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_full_month() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_second(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_datetime(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_loc_date(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_loc_time(numeric_system) { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_us_date() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_date() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour_time() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour_time() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_time() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_am_pm() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_value() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_unit() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_utc_offset() { unsupported(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_tz_name() { unsupported(); }
+};
+
+struct chrono_format_checker : null_chrono_spec_handler<chrono_format_checker> {
+  FMT_NORETURN void unsupported() { FMT_THROW(format_error("no date")); }
+
+  template <typename Char>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour(numeric_system) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour(numeric_system) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_minute(numeric_system) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_second(numeric_system) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_12_hour_time() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_24_hour_time() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_iso_time() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_am_pm() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_value() {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_duration_unit() {}
+};
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline bool isnan(T) {
+  return false;
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+inline bool isnan(T value) {
+  return std::isnan(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline bool isfinite(T) {
+  return true;
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+inline bool isfinite(T value) {
+  return std::isfinite(value);
+}
+
+// Converts value to int and checks that it's in the range [0, upper).
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline int to_nonnegative_int(T value, int upper) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(value >= 0 && to_unsigned(value) <= to_unsigned(upper),
+             "invalid value");
+  (void)upper;
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline int to_nonnegative_int(T value, int upper) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(
+      std::isnan(value) || (value >= 0 && value <= static_cast<T>(upper)),
+      "invalid value");
+  (void)upper;
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline T mod(T x, int y) {
+  return x % static_cast<T>(y);
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+inline T mod(T x, int y) {
+  return std::fmod(x, static_cast<T>(y));
+}
+
+// If T is an integral type, maps T to its unsigned counterpart, otherwise
+// leaves it unchanged (unlike std::make_unsigned).
+template <typename T, bool INTEGRAL = std::is_integral<T>::value>
+struct make_unsigned_or_unchanged {
+  using type = T;
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct make_unsigned_or_unchanged<T, true> {
+  using type = typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type;
+};
+
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+// throwing version of safe_duration_cast
+template <typename To, typename FromRep, typename FromPeriod>
+To fmt_safe_duration_cast(std::chrono::duration<FromRep, FromPeriod> from) {
+  int ec;
+  To to = safe_duration_cast::safe_duration_cast<To>(from, ec);
+  if (ec) FMT_THROW(format_error("cannot format duration"));
+  return to;
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Rep>::value)>
+inline std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli> get_milliseconds(
+    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d) {
+  // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
+  // target type.
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+  using CommonSecondsType =
+      typename std::common_type<decltype(d), std::chrono::seconds>::type;
+  const auto d_as_common = fmt_safe_duration_cast<CommonSecondsType>(d);
+  const auto d_as_whole_seconds =
+      fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d_as_common);
+  // this conversion should be nonproblematic
+  const auto diff = d_as_common - d_as_whole_seconds;
+  const auto ms =
+      fmt_safe_duration_cast<std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli>>(diff);
+  return ms;
+#else
+  auto s = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d);
+  return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(d - s);
+#endif
+}
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)>
+inline std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli> get_milliseconds(
+    std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d) {
+  using common_type = typename std::common_type<Rep, std::intmax_t>::type;
+  auto ms = mod(d.count() * static_cast<common_type>(Period::num) /
+                    static_cast<common_type>(Period::den) * 1000,
+                1000);
+  return std::chrono::duration<Rep, std::milli>(static_cast<Rep>(ms));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Rep, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Rep>::value)>
+OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int) {
+  return write<Char>(out, val);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Rep, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)>
+OutputIt format_duration_value(OutputIt out, Rep val, int precision) {
+  auto specs = basic_format_specs<Char>();
+  specs.precision = precision;
+  specs.type = precision > 0 ? 'f' : 'g';
+  return write<Char>(out, val, specs);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, Char) {
+  return std::copy(unit.begin(), unit.end(), out);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt copy_unit(string_view unit, OutputIt out, wchar_t) {
+  // This works when wchar_t is UTF-32 because units only contain characters
+  // that have the same representation in UTF-16 and UTF-32.
+  utf8_to_utf16 u(unit);
+  return std::copy(u.c_str(), u.c_str() + u.size(), out);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Period, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt format_duration_unit(OutputIt out) {
+  if (const char* unit = get_units<Period>())
+    return copy_unit(string_view(unit), out, Char());
+  *out++ = '[';
+  out = write<Char>(out, Period::num);
+  if (const_check(Period::den != 1)) {
+    *out++ = '/';
+    out = write<Char>(out, Period::den);
+  }
+  *out++ = ']';
+  *out++ = 's';
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename FormatContext, typename OutputIt, typename Rep,
+          typename Period>
+struct chrono_formatter {
+  FormatContext& context;
+  OutputIt out;
+  int precision;
+  bool localized = false;
+  // rep is unsigned to avoid overflow.
+  using rep =
+      conditional_t<std::is_integral<Rep>::value && sizeof(Rep) < sizeof(int),
+                    unsigned, typename make_unsigned_or_unchanged<Rep>::type>;
+  rep val;
+  using seconds = std::chrono::duration<rep>;
+  seconds s;
+  using milliseconds = std::chrono::duration<rep, std::milli>;
+  bool negative;
+
+  using char_type = typename FormatContext::char_type;
+
+  explicit chrono_formatter(FormatContext& ctx, OutputIt o,
+                            std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> d)
+      : context(ctx),
+        out(o),
+        val(static_cast<rep>(d.count())),
+        negative(false) {
+    if (d.count() < 0) {
+      val = 0 - val;
+      negative = true;
+    }
+
+    // this may overflow and/or the result may not fit in the
+    // target type.
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+    // might need checked conversion (rep!=Rep)
+    auto tmpval = std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val);
+    s = fmt_safe_duration_cast<seconds>(tmpval);
+#else
+    s = std::chrono::duration_cast<seconds>(
+        std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>(val));
+#endif
+  }
+
+  // returns true if nan or inf, writes to out.
+  bool handle_nan_inf() {
+    if (isfinite(val)) {
+      return false;
+    }
+    if (isnan(val)) {
+      write_nan();
+      return true;
+    }
+    // must be +-inf
+    if (val > 0) {
+      write_pinf();
+    } else {
+      write_ninf();
+    }
+    return true;
+  }
+
+  Rep hour() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 24)); }
+
+  Rep hour12() const {
+    Rep hour = static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 3600), 12));
+    return hour <= 0 ? 12 : hour;
+  }
+
+  Rep minute() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod((s.count() / 60), 60)); }
+  Rep second() const { return static_cast<Rep>(mod(s.count(), 60)); }
+
+  std::tm time() const {
+    auto time = std::tm();
+    time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour(), 24);
+    time.tm_min = to_nonnegative_int(minute(), 60);
+    time.tm_sec = to_nonnegative_int(second(), 60);
+    return time;
+  }
+
+  void write_sign() {
+    if (negative) {
+      *out++ = '-';
+      negative = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  void write(Rep value, int width) {
+    write_sign();
+    if (isnan(value)) return write_nan();
+    uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int> n =
+        to_unsigned(to_nonnegative_int(value, max_value<int>()));
+    int num_digits = detail::count_digits(n);
+    if (width > num_digits) out = std::fill_n(out, width - num_digits, '0');
+    out = format_decimal<char_type>(out, n, num_digits).end;
+  }
+
+  void write_nan() { std::copy_n("nan", 3, out); }
+  void write_pinf() { std::copy_n("inf", 3, out); }
+  void write_ninf() { std::copy_n("-inf", 4, out); }
+
+  void format_localized(const tm& time, char format, char modifier = 0) {
+    if (isnan(val)) return write_nan();
+    const auto& loc = localized ? context.locale().template get<std::locale>()
+                                : std::locale::classic();
+    out = detail::write(out, time, loc, format, modifier);
+  }
+
+  void on_text(const char_type* begin, const char_type* end) {
+    std::copy(begin, end, out);
+  }
+
+  // These are not implemented because durations don't have date information.
+  void on_abbr_weekday() {}
+  void on_full_weekday() {}
+  void on_dec0_weekday(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_dec1_weekday(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_abbr_month() {}
+  void on_full_month() {}
+  void on_datetime(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_loc_date(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_loc_time(numeric_system) {}
+  void on_us_date() {}
+  void on_iso_date() {}
+  void on_utc_offset() {}
+  void on_tz_name() {}
+
+  void on_24_hour(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) return write(hour(), 2);
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour(), 24);
+    format_localized(time, 'H', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_12_hour(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) return write(hour12(), 2);
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_hour = to_nonnegative_int(hour12(), 12);
+    format_localized(time, 'I', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_minute(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) return write(minute(), 2);
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_min = to_nonnegative_int(minute(), 60);
+    format_localized(time, 'M', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_second(numeric_system ns) {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+
+    if (ns == numeric_system::standard) {
+      write(second(), 2);
+#if FMT_SAFE_DURATION_CAST
+      // convert rep->Rep
+      using duration_rep = std::chrono::duration<rep, Period>;
+      using duration_Rep = std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>;
+      auto tmpval = fmt_safe_duration_cast<duration_Rep>(duration_rep{val});
+#else
+      auto tmpval = std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>(val);
+#endif
+      auto ms = get_milliseconds(tmpval);
+      if (ms != std::chrono::milliseconds(0)) {
+        *out++ = '.';
+        write(ms.count(), 3);
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    auto time = tm();
+    time.tm_sec = to_nonnegative_int(second(), 60);
+    format_localized(time, 'S', 'O');
+  }
+
+  void on_12_hour_time() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    format_localized(time(), 'r');
+  }
+
+  void on_24_hour_time() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) {
+      *out++ = ':';
+      handle_nan_inf();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    write(hour(), 2);
+    *out++ = ':';
+    write(minute(), 2);
+  }
+
+  void on_iso_time() {
+    on_24_hour_time();
+    *out++ = ':';
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    write(second(), 2);
+  }
+
+  void on_am_pm() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    format_localized(time(), 'p');
+  }
+
+  void on_duration_value() {
+    if (handle_nan_inf()) return;
+    write_sign();
+    out = format_duration_value<char_type>(out, val, precision);
+  }
+
+  void on_duration_unit() {
+    out = format_duration_unit<char_type, Period>(out);
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_chrono) && __cpp_lib_chrono >= 201907
+using weekday = std::chrono::weekday;
+#else
+// A fallback version of weekday.
+class weekday {
+ private:
+  unsigned char value;
+
+ public:
+  weekday() = default;
+  explicit constexpr weekday(unsigned wd) noexcept
+      : value(static_cast<unsigned char>(wd != 7 ? wd : 0)) {}
+  constexpr unsigned c_encoding() const noexcept { return value; }
+};
+#endif
+
+// A rudimentary weekday formatter.
+template <> struct formatter<weekday> {
+ private:
+  bool localized = false;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(format_parse_context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    if (begin != end && *begin == 'L') {
+      ++begin;
+      localized = true;
+    }
+    return begin;
+  }
+
+  auto format(weekday wd, format_context& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto time = std::tm();
+    time.tm_wday = static_cast<int>(wd.c_encoding());
+    const auto& loc = localized ? ctx.locale().template get<std::locale>()
+                                : std::locale::classic();
+    return detail::write(ctx.out(), time, loc, 'a');
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Rep, typename Period, typename Char>
+struct formatter<std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>, Char> {
+ private:
+  basic_format_specs<Char> specs;
+  int precision = -1;
+  using arg_ref_type = detail::arg_ref<Char>;
+  arg_ref_type width_ref;
+  arg_ref_type precision_ref;
+  bool localized = false;
+  basic_string_view<Char> format_str;
+  using duration = std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period>;
+
+  struct spec_handler {
+    formatter& f;
+    basic_format_parse_context<Char>& context;
+    basic_string_view<Char> format_str;
+
+    template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(Id arg_id) {
+      context.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+      return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+    }
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> arg_id) {
+      context.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+      return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+    }
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref_type make_arg_ref(detail::auto_id) {
+      return arg_ref_type(context.next_arg_id());
+    }
+
+    void on_error(const char* msg) { FMT_THROW(format_error(msg)); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_fill(basic_string_view<Char> fill) {
+      f.specs.fill = fill;
+    }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_align(align_t align) { f.specs.align = align; }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_width(int width) { f.specs.width = width; }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_precision(int _precision) {
+      f.precision = _precision;
+    }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void end_precision() {}
+
+    template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_width(Id arg_id) {
+      f.width_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_precision(Id arg_id) {
+      f.precision_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+    }
+  };
+
+  using iterator = typename basic_format_parse_context<Char>::iterator;
+  struct parse_range {
+    iterator begin;
+    iterator end;
+  };
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR parse_range do_parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx) {
+    auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    if (begin == end || *begin == '}') return {begin, begin};
+    spec_handler handler{*this, ctx, format_str};
+    begin = detail::parse_align(begin, end, handler);
+    if (begin == end) return {begin, begin};
+    begin = detail::parse_width(begin, end, handler);
+    if (begin == end) return {begin, begin};
+    if (*begin == '.') {
+      if (std::is_floating_point<Rep>::value)
+        begin = detail::parse_precision(begin, end, handler);
+      else
+        handler.on_error("precision not allowed for this argument type");
+    }
+    if (begin != end && *begin == 'L') {
+      ++begin;
+      localized = true;
+    }
+    end = parse_chrono_format(begin, end, detail::chrono_format_checker());
+    return {begin, end};
+  }
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto range = do_parse(ctx);
+    format_str = basic_string_view<Char>(
+        &*range.begin, detail::to_unsigned(range.end - range.begin));
+    return range.end;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const duration& d, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto specs_copy = specs;
+    auto precision_copy = precision;
+    auto begin = format_str.begin(), end = format_str.end();
+    // As a possible future optimization, we could avoid extra copying if width
+    // is not specified.
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+    auto out = std::back_inserter(buf);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_copy.width,
+                                                       width_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(precision_copy,
+                                                           precision_ref, ctx);
+    if (begin == end || *begin == '}') {
+      out = detail::format_duration_value<Char>(out, d.count(), precision_copy);
+      detail::format_duration_unit<Char, Period>(out);
+    } else {
+      detail::chrono_formatter<FormatContext, decltype(out), Rep, Period> f(
+          ctx, out, d);
+      f.precision = precision_copy;
+      f.localized = localized;
+      detail::parse_chrono_format(begin, end, f);
+    }
+    return detail::write(
+        ctx.out(), basic_string_view<Char>(buf.data(), buf.size()), specs_copy);
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_CHRONO_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/color.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/color.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fa5490
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/color.h
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - color support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018 - present, Victor Zverovich and fmt contributors
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_COLOR_H_
+#define FMT_COLOR_H_
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+// __declspec(deprecated) is broken in some MSVC versions.
+#if FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED_NONMSVC
+#else
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED_NONMSVC FMT_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+enum class color : uint32_t {
+  alice_blue = 0xF0F8FF,               // rgb(240,248,255)
+  antique_white = 0xFAEBD7,            // rgb(250,235,215)
+  aqua = 0x00FFFF,                     // rgb(0,255,255)
+  aquamarine = 0x7FFFD4,               // rgb(127,255,212)
+  azure = 0xF0FFFF,                    // rgb(240,255,255)
+  beige = 0xF5F5DC,                    // rgb(245,245,220)
+  bisque = 0xFFE4C4,                   // rgb(255,228,196)
+  black = 0x000000,                    // rgb(0,0,0)
+  blanched_almond = 0xFFEBCD,          // rgb(255,235,205)
+  blue = 0x0000FF,                     // rgb(0,0,255)
+  blue_violet = 0x8A2BE2,              // rgb(138,43,226)
+  brown = 0xA52A2A,                    // rgb(165,42,42)
+  burly_wood = 0xDEB887,               // rgb(222,184,135)
+  cadet_blue = 0x5F9EA0,               // rgb(95,158,160)
+  chartreuse = 0x7FFF00,               // rgb(127,255,0)
+  chocolate = 0xD2691E,                // rgb(210,105,30)
+  coral = 0xFF7F50,                    // rgb(255,127,80)
+  cornflower_blue = 0x6495ED,          // rgb(100,149,237)
+  cornsilk = 0xFFF8DC,                 // rgb(255,248,220)
+  crimson = 0xDC143C,                  // rgb(220,20,60)
+  cyan = 0x00FFFF,                     // rgb(0,255,255)
+  dark_blue = 0x00008B,                // rgb(0,0,139)
+  dark_cyan = 0x008B8B,                // rgb(0,139,139)
+  dark_golden_rod = 0xB8860B,          // rgb(184,134,11)
+  dark_gray = 0xA9A9A9,                // rgb(169,169,169)
+  dark_green = 0x006400,               // rgb(0,100,0)
+  dark_khaki = 0xBDB76B,               // rgb(189,183,107)
+  dark_magenta = 0x8B008B,             // rgb(139,0,139)
+  dark_olive_green = 0x556B2F,         // rgb(85,107,47)
+  dark_orange = 0xFF8C00,              // rgb(255,140,0)
+  dark_orchid = 0x9932CC,              // rgb(153,50,204)
+  dark_red = 0x8B0000,                 // rgb(139,0,0)
+  dark_salmon = 0xE9967A,              // rgb(233,150,122)
+  dark_sea_green = 0x8FBC8F,           // rgb(143,188,143)
+  dark_slate_blue = 0x483D8B,          // rgb(72,61,139)
+  dark_slate_gray = 0x2F4F4F,          // rgb(47,79,79)
+  dark_turquoise = 0x00CED1,           // rgb(0,206,209)
+  dark_violet = 0x9400D3,              // rgb(148,0,211)
+  deep_pink = 0xFF1493,                // rgb(255,20,147)
+  deep_sky_blue = 0x00BFFF,            // rgb(0,191,255)
+  dim_gray = 0x696969,                 // rgb(105,105,105)
+  dodger_blue = 0x1E90FF,              // rgb(30,144,255)
+  fire_brick = 0xB22222,               // rgb(178,34,34)
+  floral_white = 0xFFFAF0,             // rgb(255,250,240)
+  forest_green = 0x228B22,             // rgb(34,139,34)
+  fuchsia = 0xFF00FF,                  // rgb(255,0,255)
+  gainsboro = 0xDCDCDC,                // rgb(220,220,220)
+  ghost_white = 0xF8F8FF,              // rgb(248,248,255)
+  gold = 0xFFD700,                     // rgb(255,215,0)
+  golden_rod = 0xDAA520,               // rgb(218,165,32)
+  gray = 0x808080,                     // rgb(128,128,128)
+  green = 0x008000,                    // rgb(0,128,0)
+  green_yellow = 0xADFF2F,             // rgb(173,255,47)
+  honey_dew = 0xF0FFF0,                // rgb(240,255,240)
+  hot_pink = 0xFF69B4,                 // rgb(255,105,180)
+  indian_red = 0xCD5C5C,               // rgb(205,92,92)
+  indigo = 0x4B0082,                   // rgb(75,0,130)
+  ivory = 0xFFFFF0,                    // rgb(255,255,240)
+  khaki = 0xF0E68C,                    // rgb(240,230,140)
+  lavender = 0xE6E6FA,                 // rgb(230,230,250)
+  lavender_blush = 0xFFF0F5,           // rgb(255,240,245)
+  lawn_green = 0x7CFC00,               // rgb(124,252,0)
+  lemon_chiffon = 0xFFFACD,            // rgb(255,250,205)
+  light_blue = 0xADD8E6,               // rgb(173,216,230)
+  light_coral = 0xF08080,              // rgb(240,128,128)
+  light_cyan = 0xE0FFFF,               // rgb(224,255,255)
+  light_golden_rod_yellow = 0xFAFAD2,  // rgb(250,250,210)
+  light_gray = 0xD3D3D3,               // rgb(211,211,211)
+  light_green = 0x90EE90,              // rgb(144,238,144)
+  light_pink = 0xFFB6C1,               // rgb(255,182,193)
+  light_salmon = 0xFFA07A,             // rgb(255,160,122)
+  light_sea_green = 0x20B2AA,          // rgb(32,178,170)
+  light_sky_blue = 0x87CEFA,           // rgb(135,206,250)
+  light_slate_gray = 0x778899,         // rgb(119,136,153)
+  light_steel_blue = 0xB0C4DE,         // rgb(176,196,222)
+  light_yellow = 0xFFFFE0,             // rgb(255,255,224)
+  lime = 0x00FF00,                     // rgb(0,255,0)
+  lime_green = 0x32CD32,               // rgb(50,205,50)
+  linen = 0xFAF0E6,                    // rgb(250,240,230)
+  magenta = 0xFF00FF,                  // rgb(255,0,255)
+  maroon = 0x800000,                   // rgb(128,0,0)
+  medium_aquamarine = 0x66CDAA,        // rgb(102,205,170)
+  medium_blue = 0x0000CD,              // rgb(0,0,205)
+  medium_orchid = 0xBA55D3,            // rgb(186,85,211)
+  medium_purple = 0x9370DB,            // rgb(147,112,219)
+  medium_sea_green = 0x3CB371,         // rgb(60,179,113)
+  medium_slate_blue = 0x7B68EE,        // rgb(123,104,238)
+  medium_spring_green = 0x00FA9A,      // rgb(0,250,154)
+  medium_turquoise = 0x48D1CC,         // rgb(72,209,204)
+  medium_violet_red = 0xC71585,        // rgb(199,21,133)
+  midnight_blue = 0x191970,            // rgb(25,25,112)
+  mint_cream = 0xF5FFFA,               // rgb(245,255,250)
+  misty_rose = 0xFFE4E1,               // rgb(255,228,225)
+  moccasin = 0xFFE4B5,                 // rgb(255,228,181)
+  navajo_white = 0xFFDEAD,             // rgb(255,222,173)
+  navy = 0x000080,                     // rgb(0,0,128)
+  old_lace = 0xFDF5E6,                 // rgb(253,245,230)
+  olive = 0x808000,                    // rgb(128,128,0)
+  olive_drab = 0x6B8E23,               // rgb(107,142,35)
+  orange = 0xFFA500,                   // rgb(255,165,0)
+  orange_red = 0xFF4500,               // rgb(255,69,0)
+  orchid = 0xDA70D6,                   // rgb(218,112,214)
+  pale_golden_rod = 0xEEE8AA,          // rgb(238,232,170)
+  pale_green = 0x98FB98,               // rgb(152,251,152)
+  pale_turquoise = 0xAFEEEE,           // rgb(175,238,238)
+  pale_violet_red = 0xDB7093,          // rgb(219,112,147)
+  papaya_whip = 0xFFEFD5,              // rgb(255,239,213)
+  peach_puff = 0xFFDAB9,               // rgb(255,218,185)
+  peru = 0xCD853F,                     // rgb(205,133,63)
+  pink = 0xFFC0CB,                     // rgb(255,192,203)
+  plum = 0xDDA0DD,                     // rgb(221,160,221)
+  powder_blue = 0xB0E0E6,              // rgb(176,224,230)
+  purple = 0x800080,                   // rgb(128,0,128)
+  rebecca_purple = 0x663399,           // rgb(102,51,153)
+  red = 0xFF0000,                      // rgb(255,0,0)
+  rosy_brown = 0xBC8F8F,               // rgb(188,143,143)
+  royal_blue = 0x4169E1,               // rgb(65,105,225)
+  saddle_brown = 0x8B4513,             // rgb(139,69,19)
+  salmon = 0xFA8072,                   // rgb(250,128,114)
+  sandy_brown = 0xF4A460,              // rgb(244,164,96)
+  sea_green = 0x2E8B57,                // rgb(46,139,87)
+  sea_shell = 0xFFF5EE,                // rgb(255,245,238)
+  sienna = 0xA0522D,                   // rgb(160,82,45)
+  silver = 0xC0C0C0,                   // rgb(192,192,192)
+  sky_blue = 0x87CEEB,                 // rgb(135,206,235)
+  slate_blue = 0x6A5ACD,               // rgb(106,90,205)
+  slate_gray = 0x708090,               // rgb(112,128,144)
+  snow = 0xFFFAFA,                     // rgb(255,250,250)
+  spring_green = 0x00FF7F,             // rgb(0,255,127)
+  steel_blue = 0x4682B4,               // rgb(70,130,180)
+  tan = 0xD2B48C,                      // rgb(210,180,140)
+  teal = 0x008080,                     // rgb(0,128,128)
+  thistle = 0xD8BFD8,                  // rgb(216,191,216)
+  tomato = 0xFF6347,                   // rgb(255,99,71)
+  turquoise = 0x40E0D0,                // rgb(64,224,208)
+  violet = 0xEE82EE,                   // rgb(238,130,238)
+  wheat = 0xF5DEB3,                    // rgb(245,222,179)
+  white = 0xFFFFFF,                    // rgb(255,255,255)
+  white_smoke = 0xF5F5F5,              // rgb(245,245,245)
+  yellow = 0xFFFF00,                   // rgb(255,255,0)
+  yellow_green = 0x9ACD32              // rgb(154,205,50)
+};                                     // enum class color
+
+enum class terminal_color : uint8_t {
+  black = 30,
+  red,
+  green,
+  yellow,
+  blue,
+  magenta,
+  cyan,
+  white,
+  bright_black = 90,
+  bright_red,
+  bright_green,
+  bright_yellow,
+  bright_blue,
+  bright_magenta,
+  bright_cyan,
+  bright_white
+};
+
+enum class emphasis : uint8_t {
+  bold = 1,
+  italic = 1 << 1,
+  underline = 1 << 2,
+  strikethrough = 1 << 3
+};
+
+// rgb is a struct for red, green and blue colors.
+// Using the name "rgb" makes some editors show the color in a tooltip.
+struct rgb {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb() : r(0), g(0), b(0) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb(uint8_t r_, uint8_t g_, uint8_t b_) : r(r_), g(g_), b(b_) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb(uint32_t hex)
+      : r((hex >> 16) & 0xFF), g((hex >> 8) & 0xFF), b(hex & 0xFF) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR rgb(color hex)
+      : r((uint32_t(hex) >> 16) & 0xFF),
+        g((uint32_t(hex) >> 8) & 0xFF),
+        b(uint32_t(hex) & 0xFF) {}
+  uint8_t r;
+  uint8_t g;
+  uint8_t b;
+};
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// color is a struct of either a rgb color or a terminal color.
+struct color_type {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type() FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(), value{} {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type(color rgb_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(true),
+                                                           value{} {
+    value.rgb_color = static_cast<uint32_t>(rgb_color);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type(rgb rgb_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(true), value{} {
+    value.rgb_color = (static_cast<uint32_t>(rgb_color.r) << 16) |
+                      (static_cast<uint32_t>(rgb_color.g) << 8) | rgb_color.b;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR color_type(terminal_color term_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT : is_rgb(),
+                                                                     value{} {
+    value.term_color = static_cast<uint8_t>(term_color);
+  }
+  bool is_rgb;
+  union color_union {
+    uint8_t term_color;
+    uint32_t rgb_color;
+  } value;
+};
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+/** A text style consisting of foreground and background colors and emphasis. */
+class text_style {
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style(emphasis em = emphasis()) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : set_foreground_color(),
+        set_background_color(),
+        ems(em) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style& operator|=(const text_style& rhs) {
+    if (!set_foreground_color) {
+      set_foreground_color = rhs.set_foreground_color;
+      foreground_color = rhs.foreground_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_foreground_color) {
+      if (!foreground_color.is_rgb || !rhs.foreground_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+      foreground_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.foreground_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    if (!set_background_color) {
+      set_background_color = rhs.set_background_color;
+      background_color = rhs.background_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_background_color) {
+      if (!background_color.is_rgb || !rhs.background_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't OR a terminal color"));
+      background_color.value.rgb_color |= rhs.background_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    ems = static_cast<emphasis>(static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) |
+                                static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs.ems));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style operator|(text_style lhs,
+                                            const text_style& rhs) {
+    return lhs |= rhs;
+  }
+
+  FMT_DEPRECATED_NONMSVC FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style& operator&=(
+      const text_style& rhs) {
+    return and_assign(rhs);
+  }
+
+  FMT_DEPRECATED_NONMSVC friend FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style
+  operator&(text_style lhs, const text_style& rhs) {
+    return lhs.and_assign(rhs);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_foreground() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return set_foreground_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_background() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return set_background_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool has_emphasis() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) != 0;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_foreground() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(has_foreground(), "no foreground specified for this style");
+    return foreground_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR detail::color_type get_background() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(has_background(), "no background specified for this style");
+    return background_color;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR emphasis get_emphasis() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(has_emphasis(), "no emphasis specified for this style");
+    return ems;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style(bool is_foreground,
+                           detail::color_type text_color) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : set_foreground_color(),
+        set_background_color(),
+        ems() {
+    if (is_foreground) {
+      foreground_color = text_color;
+      set_foreground_color = true;
+    } else {
+      background_color = text_color;
+      set_background_color = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // DEPRECATED!
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR text_style& and_assign(const text_style& rhs) {
+    if (!set_foreground_color) {
+      set_foreground_color = rhs.set_foreground_color;
+      foreground_color = rhs.foreground_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_foreground_color) {
+      if (!foreground_color.is_rgb || !rhs.foreground_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't AND a terminal color"));
+      foreground_color.value.rgb_color &= rhs.foreground_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    if (!set_background_color) {
+      set_background_color = rhs.set_background_color;
+      background_color = rhs.background_color;
+    } else if (rhs.set_background_color) {
+      if (!background_color.is_rgb || !rhs.background_color.is_rgb)
+        FMT_THROW(format_error("can't AND a terminal color"));
+      background_color.value.rgb_color &= rhs.background_color.value.rgb_color;
+    }
+
+    ems = static_cast<emphasis>(static_cast<uint8_t>(ems) &
+                                static_cast<uint8_t>(rhs.ems));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground)
+      FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL text_style bg(detail::color_type background)
+      FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  detail::color_type foreground_color;
+  detail::color_type background_color;
+  bool set_foreground_color;
+  bool set_background_color;
+  emphasis ems;
+};
+
+/** Creates a text style from the foreground (text) color. */
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style fg(detail::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return text_style(true, foreground);
+}
+
+/** Creates a text style from the background color. */
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style bg(detail::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return text_style(false, background);
+}
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline text_style operator|(emphasis lhs,
+                                          emphasis rhs) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return text_style(lhs) | rhs;
+}
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Char> struct ansi_color_escape {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape(detail::color_type text_color,
+                                  const char* esc) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    // If we have a terminal color, we need to output another escape code
+    // sequence.
+    if (!text_color.is_rgb) {
+      bool is_background = esc == string_view("\x1b[48;2;");
+      uint32_t value = text_color.value.term_color;
+      // Background ASCII codes are the same as the foreground ones but with
+      // 10 more.
+      if (is_background) value += 10u;
+
+      size_t index = 0;
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\x1b');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('[');
+
+      if (value >= 100u) {
+        buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('1');
+        value %= 100u;
+      }
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('0' + value / 10u);
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('0' + value % 10u);
+
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('m');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\0');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
+      buffer[i] = static_cast<Char>(esc[i]);
+    }
+    rgb color(text_color.value.rgb_color);
+    to_esc(color.r, buffer + 7, ';');
+    to_esc(color.g, buffer + 11, ';');
+    to_esc(color.b, buffer + 15, 'm');
+    buffer[19] = static_cast<Char>(0);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape(emphasis em) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    uint8_t em_codes[4] = {};
+    uint8_t em_bits = static_cast<uint8_t>(em);
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::bold)) em_codes[0] = 1;
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::italic)) em_codes[1] = 3;
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::underline)) em_codes[2] = 4;
+    if (em_bits & static_cast<uint8_t>(emphasis::strikethrough))
+      em_codes[3] = 9;
+
+    size_t index = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+      if (!em_codes[i]) continue;
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('\x1b');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('[');
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('0' + em_codes[i]);
+      buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>('m');
+    }
+    buffer[index++] = static_cast<Char>(0);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR operator const Char*() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return buffer; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR const Char* begin() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return buffer; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS const Char* end() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return buffer + std::char_traits<Char>::length(buffer);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  Char buffer[7u + 3u * 4u + 1u];
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR void to_esc(uint8_t c, Char* out,
+                                   char delimiter) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    out[0] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c / 100);
+    out[1] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c / 10 % 10);
+    out[2] = static_cast<Char>('0' + c % 10);
+    out[3] = static_cast<Char>(delimiter);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_foreground_color(
+    detail::color_type foreground) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(foreground, "\x1b[38;2;");
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_background_color(
+    detail::color_type background) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(background, "\x1b[48;2;");
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR ansi_color_escape<Char> make_emphasis(emphasis em) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return ansi_color_escape<Char>(em);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline void fputs(const Char* chars, FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  std::fputs(chars, stream);
+}
+
+template <>
+inline void fputs<wchar_t>(const wchar_t* chars, FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  std::fputws(chars, stream);
+}
+
+template <typename Char> inline void reset_color(FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  fputs("\x1b[0m", stream);
+}
+
+template <> inline void reset_color<wchar_t>(FILE* stream) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  fputs(L"\x1b[0m", stream);
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline void reset_color(buffer<Char>& buffer) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  auto reset_color = string_view("\x1b[0m");
+  buffer.append(reset_color.begin(), reset_color.end());
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, const text_style& ts,
+                basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  bool has_style = false;
+  if (ts.has_emphasis()) {
+    has_style = true;
+    auto emphasis = detail::make_emphasis<Char>(ts.get_emphasis());
+    buf.append(emphasis.begin(), emphasis.end());
+  }
+  if (ts.has_foreground()) {
+    has_style = true;
+    auto foreground = detail::make_foreground_color<Char>(ts.get_foreground());
+    buf.append(foreground.begin(), foreground.end());
+  }
+  if (ts.has_background()) {
+    has_style = true;
+    auto background = detail::make_background_color<Char>(ts.get_background());
+    buf.append(background.begin(), background.end());
+  }
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
+  if (has_style) detail::reset_color<Char>(buf);
+}
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+void vprint(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format,
+            basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format), args);
+  buf.push_back(Char(0));
+  detail::fputs(buf.data(), f);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats a string and prints it to the specified file stream using ANSI
+  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+void print(std::FILE* f, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+           const Args&... args) {
+  vprint(f, ts, format_str,
+         fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats a string and prints it to stdout using ANSI escape sequences to
+  specify text formatting.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+               "Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+void print(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+  return print(stdout, ts, format_str, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buf;
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+  return fmt::to_string(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string using ANSI
+  escape sequences to specify text formatting.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    #include <fmt/color.h>
+    std::string message = fmt::format(fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red),
+                                      "The answer is {}", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+                                      const Args&... args) {
+  return fmt::vformat(ts, to_string_view(format_str),
+                      fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+/**
+  Formats a string with the given text_style and writes the output to ``out``.
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value)>
+OutputIt vformat_to(
+    OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, ts, format_str, args);
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats arguments with the given text_style, writes the result to the output
+  iterator ``out`` and returns the iterator past the end of the output range.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::vector<char> out;
+    fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out),
+                   fmt::emphasis::bold | fg(fmt::color::red), "{}", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char_t<S>>::value&&
+              detail::is_string<S>::value>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts, const S& format_str,
+                      Args&&... args) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
+  return vformat_to(out, ts, to_string_view(format_str),
+                    fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_COLOR_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9528b57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h
@@ -0,0 +1,638 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - experimental format string compilation
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich and fmt contributors
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_COMPILE_H_
+#define FMT_COMPILE_H_
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+// An output iterator that counts the number of objects written to it and
+// discards them.
+class counting_iterator {
+ private:
+  size_t count_;
+
+ public:
+  using iterator_category = std::output_iterator_tag;
+  using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+  using pointer = void;
+  using reference = void;
+  using _Unchecked_type = counting_iterator;  // Mark iterator as checked.
+
+  struct value_type {
+    template <typename T> void operator=(const T&) {}
+  };
+
+  counting_iterator() : count_(0) {}
+
+  size_t count() const { return count_; }
+
+  counting_iterator& operator++() {
+    ++count_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  counting_iterator operator++(int) {
+    auto it = *this;
+    ++*this;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  friend counting_iterator operator+(counting_iterator it, difference_type n) {
+    it.count_ += static_cast<size_t>(n);
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  value_type operator*() const { return {}; }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename InputIt>
+inline counting_iterator copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end,
+                                  counting_iterator it) {
+  return it + (end - begin);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt> class truncating_iterator_base {
+ protected:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  size_t limit_;
+  size_t count_ = 0;
+
+  truncating_iterator_base() : out_(), limit_(0) {}
+
+  truncating_iterator_base(OutputIt out, size_t limit)
+      : out_(out), limit_(limit) {}
+
+ public:
+  using iterator_category = std::output_iterator_tag;
+  using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<OutputIt>::value_type;
+  using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+  using pointer = void;
+  using reference = void;
+  using _Unchecked_type =
+      truncating_iterator_base;  // Mark iterator as checked.
+
+  OutputIt base() const { return out_; }
+  size_t count() const { return count_; }
+};
+
+// An output iterator that truncates the output and counts the number of objects
+// written to it.
+template <typename OutputIt,
+          typename Enable = typename std::is_void<
+              typename std::iterator_traits<OutputIt>::value_type>::type>
+class truncating_iterator;
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+class truncating_iterator<OutputIt, std::false_type>
+    : public truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt> {
+  mutable typename truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>::value_type blackhole_;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = typename truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>::value_type;
+
+  truncating_iterator() = default;
+
+  truncating_iterator(OutputIt out, size_t limit)
+      : truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>(out, limit) {}
+
+  truncating_iterator& operator++() {
+    if (this->count_++ < this->limit_) ++this->out_;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  truncating_iterator operator++(int) {
+    auto it = *this;
+    ++*this;
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  value_type& operator*() const {
+    return this->count_ < this->limit_ ? *this->out_ : blackhole_;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+class truncating_iterator<OutputIt, std::true_type>
+    : public truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt> {
+ public:
+  truncating_iterator() = default;
+
+  truncating_iterator(OutputIt out, size_t limit)
+      : truncating_iterator_base<OutputIt>(out, limit) {}
+
+  template <typename T> truncating_iterator& operator=(T val) {
+    if (this->count_++ < this->limit_) *this->out_++ = val;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  truncating_iterator& operator++() { return *this; }
+  truncating_iterator& operator++(int) { return *this; }
+  truncating_iterator& operator*() { return *this; }
+};
+
+// A compile-time string which is compiled into fast formatting code.
+class compiled_string {};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct is_compiled_string : std::is_base_of<compiled_string, S> {};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Converts a string literal *s* into a format string that will be parsed at
+  compile time and converted into efficient formatting code. Requires C++17
+  ``constexpr if`` compiler support.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    // Converts 42 into std::string using the most efficient method and no
+    // runtime format string processing.
+    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}"), 42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+#ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
+#  define FMT_COMPILE(s) \
+    FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::detail::compiled_string, explicit)
+#else
+#  define FMT_COMPILE(s) FMT_STRING(s)
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+template <typename Char, size_t N, fixed_string<Char, N> Str>
+struct udl_compiled_string : compiled_string {
+  using char_type = Char;
+  constexpr operator basic_string_view<char_type>() const {
+    return {Str.data, N - 1};
+  }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename... Tail>
+const T& first(const T& value, const Tail&...) {
+  return value;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
+template <typename... Args> struct type_list {};
+
+// Returns a reference to the argument at index N from [first, rest...].
+template <int N, typename T, typename... Args>
+constexpr const auto& get([[maybe_unused]] const T& first,
+                          [[maybe_unused]] const Args&... rest) {
+  static_assert(N < 1 + sizeof...(Args), "index is out of bounds");
+  if constexpr (N == 0)
+    return first;
+  else
+    return get<N - 1>(rest...);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename... Args>
+constexpr int get_arg_index_by_name(basic_string_view<Char> name,
+                                    type_list<Args...>) {
+  return get_arg_index_by_name<Args...>(name);
+}
+
+template <int N, typename> struct get_type_impl;
+
+template <int N, typename... Args> struct get_type_impl<N, type_list<Args...>> {
+  using type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(get<N>(std::declval<Args>()...))>;
+};
+
+template <int N, typename T>
+using get_type = typename get_type_impl<N, T>::type;
+
+template <typename T> struct is_compiled_format : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename Char> struct text {
+  basic_string_view<Char> data;
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  constexpr OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&...) const {
+    return write<Char>(out, data);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_compiled_format<text<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename Char>
+constexpr text<Char> make_text(basic_string_view<Char> s, size_t pos,
+                               size_t size) {
+  return {{&s[pos], size}};
+}
+
+template <typename Char> struct code_unit {
+  Char value;
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  constexpr OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&...) const {
+    return write<Char>(out, value);
+  }
+};
+
+// This ensures that the argument type is convertible to `const T&`.
+template <typename T, int N, typename... Args>
+constexpr const T& get_arg_checked(const Args&... args) {
+  const auto& arg = get<N>(args...);
+  if constexpr (detail::is_named_arg<remove_cvref_t<decltype(arg)>>()) {
+    return arg.value;
+  } else {
+    return arg;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_compiled_format<code_unit<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// A replacement field that refers to argument N.
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct field {
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  constexpr OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
+    return write<Char>(out, get_arg_checked<T, N>(args...));
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N>
+struct is_compiled_format<field<Char, T, N>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// A replacement field that refers to argument with name.
+template <typename Char> struct runtime_named_field {
+  using char_type = Char;
+  basic_string_view<Char> name;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename T>
+  constexpr static bool try_format_argument(
+      OutputIt& out,
+      // [[maybe_unused]] due to unused-but-set-parameter warning in GCC 7,8,9
+      [[maybe_unused]] basic_string_view<Char> arg_name, const T& arg) {
+    if constexpr (is_named_arg<typename std::remove_cv<T>::type>::value) {
+      if (arg_name == arg.name) {
+        out = write<Char>(out, arg.value);
+        return true;
+      }
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  constexpr OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
+    bool found = (try_format_argument(out, name, args) || ...);
+    if (!found) {
+      throw format_error("argument with specified name is not found");
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_compiled_format<runtime_named_field<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+// A replacement field that refers to argument N and has format specifiers.
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N> struct spec_field {
+  using char_type = Char;
+  formatter<T, Char> fmt;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE OutputIt format(OutputIt out,
+                                       const Args&... args) const {
+    const auto& vargs =
+        fmt::make_format_args<basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>>(args...);
+    basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char> ctx(out, vargs);
+    return fmt.format(get_arg_checked<T, N>(args...), ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, int N>
+struct is_compiled_format<spec_field<Char, T, N>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename L, typename R> struct concat {
+  L lhs;
+  R rhs;
+  using char_type = typename L::char_type;
+
+  template <typename OutputIt, typename... Args>
+  constexpr OutputIt format(OutputIt out, const Args&... args) const {
+    out = lhs.format(out, args...);
+    return rhs.format(out, args...);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename L, typename R>
+struct is_compiled_format<concat<L, R>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename L, typename R>
+constexpr concat<L, R> make_concat(L lhs, R rhs) {
+  return {lhs, rhs};
+}
+
+struct unknown_format {};
+
+template <typename Char>
+constexpr size_t parse_text(basic_string_view<Char> str, size_t pos) {
+  for (size_t size = str.size(); pos != size; ++pos) {
+    if (str[pos] == '{' || str[pos] == '}') break;
+  }
+  return pos;
+}
+
+template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str);
+
+template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename T, typename S>
+constexpr auto parse_tail(T head, S format_str) {
+  if constexpr (POS !=
+                basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str).size()) {
+    constexpr auto tail = compile_format_string<Args, POS, ID>(format_str);
+    if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(tail)>,
+                               unknown_format>())
+      return tail;
+    else
+      return make_concat(head, tail);
+  } else {
+    return head;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct parse_specs_result {
+  formatter<T, Char> fmt;
+  size_t end;
+  int next_arg_id;
+};
+
+constexpr int manual_indexing_id = -1;
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+constexpr parse_specs_result<T, Char> parse_specs(basic_string_view<Char> str,
+                                                  size_t pos, int next_arg_id) {
+  str.remove_prefix(pos);
+  auto ctx = basic_format_parse_context<Char>(str, {}, next_arg_id);
+  auto f = formatter<T, Char>();
+  auto end = f.parse(ctx);
+  return {f, pos + fmt::detail::to_unsigned(end - str.data()) + 1,
+          next_arg_id == 0 ? manual_indexing_id : ctx.next_arg_id()};
+}
+
+template <typename Char> struct arg_id_handler {
+  arg_ref<Char> arg_id;
+
+  constexpr int operator()() {
+    FMT_ASSERT(false, "handler cannot be used with automatic indexing");
+    return 0;
+  }
+  constexpr int operator()(int id) {
+    arg_id = arg_ref<Char>(id);
+    return 0;
+  }
+  constexpr int operator()(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+    arg_id = arg_ref<Char>(id);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  constexpr void on_error(const char* message) { throw format_error(message); }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct parse_arg_id_result {
+  arg_ref<Char> arg_id;
+  const Char* arg_id_end;
+};
+
+template <int ID, typename Char>
+constexpr auto parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
+  auto handler = arg_id_handler<Char>{arg_ref<Char>{}};
+  auto arg_id_end = parse_arg_id(begin, end, handler);
+  return parse_arg_id_result<Char>{handler.arg_id, arg_id_end};
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void> struct field_type {
+  using type = remove_cvref_t<T>;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct field_type<T, enable_if_t<detail::is_named_arg<T>::value>> {
+  using type = remove_cvref_t<decltype(T::value)>;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Args, size_t END_POS, int ARG_INDEX, int NEXT_ID,
+          typename S>
+constexpr auto parse_replacement_field_then_tail(S format_str) {
+  using char_type = typename S::char_type;
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(format_str);
+  constexpr char_type c = END_POS != str.size() ? str[END_POS] : char_type();
+  if constexpr (c == '}') {
+    return parse_tail<Args, END_POS + 1, NEXT_ID>(
+        field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>(),
+        format_str);
+  } else if constexpr (c == ':') {
+    constexpr auto result = parse_specs<typename field_type<T>::type>(
+        str, END_POS + 1, NEXT_ID == manual_indexing_id ? 0 : NEXT_ID);
+    return parse_tail<Args, result.end, result.next_arg_id>(
+        spec_field<char_type, typename field_type<T>::type, ARG_INDEX>{
+            result.fmt},
+        format_str);
+  }
+}
+
+// Compiles a non-empty format string and returns the compiled representation
+// or unknown_format() on unrecognized input.
+template <typename Args, size_t POS, int ID, typename S>
+constexpr auto compile_format_string(S format_str) {
+  using char_type = typename S::char_type;
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<char_type>(format_str);
+  if constexpr (str[POS] == '{') {
+    if constexpr (POS + 1 == str.size())
+      throw format_error("unmatched '{' in format string");
+    if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '{') {
+      return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+    } else if constexpr (str[POS + 1] == '}' || str[POS + 1] == ':') {
+      static_assert(ID != manual_indexing_id,
+                    "cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
+      constexpr auto next_id =
+          ID != manual_indexing_id ? ID + 1 : manual_indexing_id;
+      return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<get_type<ID, Args>, Args,
+                                               POS + 1, ID, next_id>(
+          format_str);
+    } else {
+      constexpr auto arg_id_result =
+          parse_arg_id<ID>(str.data() + POS + 1, str.data() + str.size());
+      constexpr auto arg_id_end_pos = arg_id_result.arg_id_end - str.data();
+      constexpr char_type c =
+          arg_id_end_pos != str.size() ? str[arg_id_end_pos] : char_type();
+      static_assert(c == '}' || c == ':', "missing '}' in format string");
+      if constexpr (arg_id_result.arg_id.kind == arg_id_kind::index) {
+        static_assert(
+            ID == manual_indexing_id || ID == 0,
+            "cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
+        constexpr auto arg_index = arg_id_result.arg_id.val.index;
+        return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<get_type<arg_index, Args>,
+                                                 Args, arg_id_end_pos,
+                                                 arg_index, manual_indexing_id>(
+            format_str);
+      } else if constexpr (arg_id_result.arg_id.kind == arg_id_kind::name) {
+        constexpr auto arg_index =
+            get_arg_index_by_name(arg_id_result.arg_id.val.name, Args{});
+        if constexpr (arg_index != invalid_arg_index) {
+          constexpr auto next_id =
+              ID != manual_indexing_id ? ID + 1 : manual_indexing_id;
+          return parse_replacement_field_then_tail<
+              decltype(get_type<arg_index, Args>::value), Args, arg_id_end_pos,
+              arg_index, next_id>(format_str);
+        } else {
+          if constexpr (c == '}') {
+            return parse_tail<Args, arg_id_end_pos + 1, ID>(
+                runtime_named_field<char_type>{arg_id_result.arg_id.val.name},
+                format_str);
+          } else if constexpr (c == ':') {
+            return unknown_format();  // no type info for specs parsing
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else if constexpr (str[POS] == '}') {
+    if constexpr (POS + 1 == str.size())
+      throw format_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+    return parse_tail<Args, POS + 2, ID>(make_text(str, POS, 1), format_str);
+  } else {
+    constexpr auto end = parse_text(str, POS + 1);
+    if constexpr (end - POS > 1) {
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(make_text(str, POS, end - POS),
+                                       format_str);
+    } else {
+      return parse_tail<Args, end, ID>(code_unit<char_type>{str[POS]},
+                                       format_str);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename... Args, typename S,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+constexpr auto compile(S format_str) {
+  constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(format_str);
+  if constexpr (str.size() == 0) {
+    return detail::make_text(str, 0, 0);
+  } else {
+    constexpr auto result =
+        detail::compile_format_string<detail::type_list<Args...>, 0, 0>(
+            format_str);
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+#endif  // __cpp_if_constexpr
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+#ifdef __cpp_if_constexpr
+
+template <typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = typename CompiledFormat::char_type,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<Char> format(const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                                          const Args&... args) {
+  auto s = std::basic_string<Char>();
+  cf.format(std::back_inserter(s), args...);
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename CompiledFormat, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_format<CompiledFormat>::value)>
+constexpr FMT_INLINE OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const CompiledFormat& cf,
+                                        const Args&... args) {
+  return cf.format(out, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE std::basic_string<typename S::char_type> format(const S&,
+                                                           Args&&... args) {
+  if constexpr (std::is_same<typename S::char_type, char>::value) {
+    constexpr auto str = basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(S());
+    if constexpr (str.size() == 2 && str[0] == '{' && str[1] == '}') {
+      const auto& first = detail::first(args...);
+      if constexpr (detail::is_named_arg<
+                        remove_cvref_t<decltype(first)>>::value) {
+        return fmt::to_string(first.value);
+      } else {
+        return fmt::to_string(first);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  constexpr auto compiled = detail::compile<Args...>(S());
+  if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(compiled)>,
+                             detail::unknown_format>()) {
+    return format(static_cast<basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>>(S()),
+                  std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  } else {
+    return format(compiled, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt format_to(OutputIt out, const S&, Args&&... args) {
+  constexpr auto compiled = detail::compile<Args...>(S());
+  if constexpr (std::is_same<remove_cvref_t<decltype(compiled)>,
+                             detail::unknown_format>()) {
+    return format_to(out,
+                     static_cast<basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>>(S()),
+                     std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  } else {
+    return format_to(out, compiled, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+format_to_n_result<OutputIt> format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n,
+                                         const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  auto it = format_to(detail::truncating_iterator<OutputIt>(out, n), format_str,
+                      std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+  return {it.base(), it.count()};
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+size_t formatted_size(const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+  return format_to(detail::counting_iterator(), format_str, args...).count();
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+void print(std::FILE* f, const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  format_to(std::back_inserter(buffer), format_str, args...);
+  detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_compiled_string<S>::value)>
+void print(const S& format_str, const Args&... args) {
+  print(stdout, format_str, args...);
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+inline namespace literals {
+template <detail::fixed_string Str>
+constexpr detail::udl_compiled_string<
+    remove_cvref_t<decltype(Str.data[0])>,
+    sizeof(Str.data) / sizeof(decltype(Str.data[0])), Str>
+operator""_cf() {
+  return {};
+}
+}  // namespace literals
+#endif
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_COMPILE_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/core.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/core.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a4facb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/core.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2963 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - the core API
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_CORE_H_
+#define FMT_CORE_H_
+
+#include <climits>  // INT_MAX
+#include <cstdio>   // std::FILE
+#include <cstring>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+// The fmt library version in the form major * 10000 + minor * 100 + patch.
+#define FMT_VERSION 70104
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION (__clang_major__ * 100 + __clang_minor__)
+#else
+#  define FMT_CLANG_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION (__GNUC__ * 100 + __GNUC_MINOR__)
+#  define FMT_GCC_PRAGMA(arg) _Pragma(arg)
+#else
+#  define FMT_GCC_VERSION 0
+#  define FMT_GCC_PRAGMA(arg)
+#endif
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)
+#  define FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11 FMT_GCC_VERSION
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __INTEL_COMPILER
+#else
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+#  define FMT_NVCC __NVCC__
+#else
+#  define FMT_NVCC 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_MSC_VER _MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...) __pragma(warning(__VA_ARGS__))
+#else
+#  define FMT_MSC_VER 0
+#  define FMT_MSC_WARNING(...)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_feature
+#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) __has_feature(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_FEATURE(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__has_include) && !defined(__INTELLISENSE__) && \
+    (!FMT_ICC_VERSION || FMT_ICC_VERSION >= 1600)
+#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) __has_include(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_cpp_attribute
+#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) __has_cpp_attribute(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#define FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
+  (__cplusplus >= 201402L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
+
+#define FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(attribute) \
+  (__cplusplus >= 201703L && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(attribute))
+
+// Check if relaxed C++14 constexpr is supported.
+// GCC doesn't allow throw in constexpr until version 6 (bug 67371).
+#ifndef FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#  define FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR                                           \
+    (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_relaxed_constexpr) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1910 || \
+     (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 600 && __cplusplus >= 201402L)) &&           \
+        !FMT_NVCC && !FMT_ICC_VERSION
+#endif
+#if FMT_USE_CONSTEXPR
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR constexpr
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL constexpr
+#else
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL
+#endif
+
+// Check if constexpr std::char_traits<>::compare,length is supported.
+#if defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+#  if __cplusplus >= 201703L && defined(_GLIBCXX_RELEASE) && \
+      _GLIBCXX_RELEASE >= 7  // GCC 7+ libstdc++ has _GLIBCXX_RELEASE.
+#    define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS constexpr
+#  endif
+#elif defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && __cplusplus >= 201703L && \
+    _LIBCPP_VERSION >= 4000
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS constexpr
+#elif FMT_MSC_VER >= 1914 && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS constexpr
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_OVERRIDE
+#  if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_override_control) || \
+      (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 408 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+#    define FMT_OVERRIDE override
+#  else
+#    define FMT_OVERRIDE
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Check if exceptions are disabled.
+#ifndef FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+#  if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)) || \
+      FMT_MSC_VER && !_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#    define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 0
+#  else
+#    define FMT_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Define FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT to make fmt use noexcept (C++11 feature).
+#ifndef FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT
+#  define FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT 0
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_USE_NOEXCEPT || FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_noexcept) || \
+    (FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 408 && FMT_HAS_GXX_CXX11) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+#  define FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#  define FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT throw()
+#  define FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_NOEXCEPT
+#  if FMT_EXCEPTIONS || FMT_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#    define FMT_NOEXCEPT FMT_DETECTED_NOEXCEPT
+#  else
+#    define FMT_NOEXCEPT
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// [[noreturn]] is disabled on MSVC and NVCC because of bogus unreachable code
+// warnings.
+#if FMT_EXCEPTIONS && FMT_HAS_CPP_ATTRIBUTE(noreturn) && !FMT_MSC_VER && \
+    !FMT_NVCC
+#  define FMT_NORETURN [[noreturn]]
+#else
+#  define FMT_NORETURN
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
+#  if FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(maybe_unused)
+#    define FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED [[maybe_unused]]
+#  else
+#    define FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if __cplusplus == 201103L || __cplusplus == 201402L
+#  if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) || defined(__PGI)
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
+#  elif defined(__clang__)
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
+#  elif FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 700 && \
+      (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= 520)
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[gnu::fallthrough]]
+#  else
+#    define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
+#  endif
+#elif FMT_HAS_CPP17_ATTRIBUTE(fallthrough) || \
+    (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG >= 201703L)
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
+#else
+#  define FMT_FALLTHROUGH
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_FLOAT
+#  define FMT_USE_FLOAT 1
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_USE_DOUBLE
+#  define FMT_USE_DOUBLE 1
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE
+#  define FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE 1
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_INLINE
+#  if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#    define FMT_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#  else
+#    define FMT_INLINE inline
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES
+#  if FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_inline_namespaces) || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 404 || \
+      (FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900 && (!defined(_MANAGED) || !_MANAGED))
+#    define FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES 1
+#  else
+#    define FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+#  if FMT_USE_INLINE_NAMESPACES
+#    define FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE inline namespace
+#    define FMT_END_NAMESPACE \
+      }                       \
+      }
+#  else
+#    define FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE namespace
+#    define FMT_END_NAMESPACE \
+      }                       \
+      using namespace v7;     \
+      }
+#  endif
+#  define FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE \
+    namespace fmt {           \
+    FMT_INLINE_NAMESPACE v7 {
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_MODULE_EXPORT
+#  define FMT_MODULE_EXPORT
+#  define FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+#  define FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+#  define FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE namespace detail {
+#  define FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(FMT_HEADER_ONLY) && defined(_WIN32)
+#  define FMT_CLASS_API FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 4275)
+#  ifdef FMT_EXPORT
+#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#  elif defined(FMT_SHARED)
+#    define FMT_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#  endif
+#else
+#  define FMT_CLASS_API
+#  if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#    define FMT_API __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#    define FMT_EXTERN_TEMPLATE_API FMT_API
+#  endif
+#endif
+#ifndef FMT_API
+#  define FMT_API
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION
+#  define FMT_GCC_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
+#else
+#  define FMT_GCC_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN
+#endif
+
+// libc++ supports string_view in pre-c++17.
+#if (FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<string_view>) &&                       \
+     (__cplusplus > 201402L || defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION))) || \
+    (defined(_MSVC_LANG) && _MSVC_LANG > 201402L && _MSC_VER >= 1910)
+#  include <string_view>
+#  define FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW
+#elif FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("experimental/string_view") && __cplusplus >= 201402L
+#  include <experimental/string_view>
+#  define FMT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_STRING_VIEW
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_UNICODE
+#  define FMT_UNICODE !FMT_MSC_VER
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_COMPILE_TIME_CHECKS
+#  define FMT_COMPILE_TIME_CHECKS 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+#  if defined(__cpp_nontype_template_args) &&                \
+      ((FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 903 && __cplusplus >= 201709L) || \
+       __cpp_nontype_template_args >= 201911L)
+#    define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS 1
+#  else
+#    define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Enable minimal optimizations for more compact code in debug mode.
+FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC push_options")
+#ifndef __OPTIMIZE__
+FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC optimize(\"Og\")")
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+// Implementations of enable_if_t and other metafunctions for older systems.
+template <bool B, class T = void>
+using enable_if_t = typename std::enable_if<B, T>::type;
+template <bool B, class T, class F>
+using conditional_t = typename std::conditional<B, T, F>::type;
+template <bool B> using bool_constant = std::integral_constant<bool, B>;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_reference_t = typename std::remove_reference<T>::type;
+template <typename T>
+using remove_cvref_t = typename std::remove_cv<remove_reference_t<T>>::type;
+template <typename T> struct type_identity { using type = T; };
+template <typename T> using type_identity_t = typename type_identity<T>::type;
+
+struct monostate {};
+
+// An enable_if helper to be used in template parameters which results in much
+// shorter symbols: https://godbolt.org/z/sWw4vP. Extra parentheses are needed
+// to workaround a bug in MSVC 2019 (see #1140 and #1186).
+#ifdef FMT_DOC
+#  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...)
+#else
+#  define FMT_ENABLE_IF(...) enable_if_t<(__VA_ARGS__), int> = 0
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+constexpr FMT_INLINE auto is_constant_evaluated() FMT_NOEXCEPT -> bool {
+#ifdef __cpp_lib_is_constant_evaluated
+  return std::is_constant_evaluated();
+#else
+  return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+// A function to suppress "conditional expression is constant" warnings.
+template <typename T> constexpr auto const_check(T value) -> T { return value; }
+
+FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void assert_fail(const char* file, int line,
+                                      const char* message);
+
+#ifndef FMT_ASSERT
+#  ifdef NDEBUG
+// FMT_ASSERT is not empty to avoid -Werror=empty-body.
+#    define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message) ((void)0)
+#  else
+#    define FMT_ASSERT(condition, message)                                    \
+      ((condition) /* void() fails with -Winvalid-constexpr on clang 4.0.1 */ \
+           ? (void)0                                                          \
+           : ::fmt::detail::assert_fail(__FILE__, __LINE__, (message)))
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(FMT_USE_STRING_VIEW)
+template <typename Char> using std_string_view = std::basic_string_view<Char>;
+#elif defined(FMT_USE_EXPERIMENTAL_STRING_VIEW)
+template <typename Char>
+using std_string_view = std::experimental::basic_string_view<Char>;
+#else
+template <typename T> struct std_string_view {};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_USE_INT128
+// Do nothing.
+#elif defined(__SIZEOF_INT128__) && !FMT_NVCC && \
+    !(FMT_CLANG_VERSION && FMT_MSC_VER)
+#  define FMT_USE_INT128 1
+using int128_t = __int128_t;
+using uint128_t = __uint128_t;
+template <typename T> inline auto convert_for_visit(T value) -> T {
+  return value;
+}
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_INT128 0
+#endif
+#if !FMT_USE_INT128
+enum class int128_t {};
+enum class uint128_t {};
+// Reduce template instantiations.
+template <typename T> inline auto convert_for_visit(T) -> monostate {
+  return {};
+}
+#endif
+
+// Casts a nonnegative integer to unsigned.
+template <typename Int>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto to_unsigned(Int value) ->
+    typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type {
+  FMT_ASSERT(value >= 0, "negative value");
+  return static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<Int>::type>(value);
+}
+
+FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 4566) constexpr unsigned char micro[] = "\u00B5";
+
+constexpr auto is_utf8() -> bool {
+  // Avoid buggy sign extensions in MSVC's constant evaluation mode.
+  // https://developercommunity.visualstudio.com/t/C-difference-in-behavior-for-unsigned/1233612
+  using uchar = unsigned char;
+  return FMT_UNICODE || (sizeof(micro) == 3 && uchar(micro[0]) == 0xC2 &&
+                         uchar(micro[1]) == 0xB5);
+}
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+/**
+  An implementation of ``std::basic_string_view`` for pre-C++17. It provides a
+  subset of the API. ``fmt::basic_string_view`` is used for format strings even
+  if ``std::string_view`` is available to prevent issues when a library is
+  compiled with a different ``-std`` option than the client code (which is not
+  recommended).
+ */
+template <typename Char> class basic_string_view {
+ private:
+  const Char* data_;
+  size_t size_;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = Char;
+  using iterator = const Char*;
+
+  constexpr basic_string_view() FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(nullptr), size_(0) {}
+
+  /** Constructs a string reference object from a C string and a size. */
+  constexpr basic_string_view(const Char* s, size_t count) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : data_(s),
+        size_(count) {}
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs a string reference object from a C string computing
+    the size with ``std::char_traits<Char>::length``.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS
+  FMT_INLINE
+  basic_string_view(const Char* s) : data_(s) {
+    if (detail::const_check(std::is_same<Char, char>::value &&
+                            !detail::is_constant_evaluated()))
+      size_ = std::strlen(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s));
+    else
+      size_ = std::char_traits<Char>::length(s);
+  }
+
+  /** Constructs a string reference from a ``std::basic_string`` object. */
+  template <typename Traits, typename Alloc>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(
+      const std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& s) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : data_(s.data()),
+        size_(s.size()) {}
+
+  template <typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<
+                                      S, detail::std_string_view<Char>>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR basic_string_view(S s) FMT_NOEXCEPT : data_(s.data()),
+                                                      size_(s.size()) {}
+
+  /** Returns a pointer to the string data. */
+  constexpr auto data() const -> const Char* { return data_; }
+
+  /** Returns the string size. */
+  constexpr auto size() const -> size_t { return size_; }
+
+  constexpr auto begin() const -> iterator { return data_; }
+  constexpr auto end() const -> iterator { return data_ + size_; }
+
+  constexpr auto operator[](size_t pos) const -> const Char& {
+    return data_[pos];
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void remove_prefix(size_t n) {
+    data_ += n;
+    size_ -= n;
+  }
+
+  // Lexicographically compare this string reference to other.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS auto compare(basic_string_view other) const -> int {
+    size_t str_size = size_ < other.size_ ? size_ : other.size_;
+    int result = std::char_traits<Char>::compare(data_, other.data_, str_size);
+    if (result == 0)
+      result = size_ == other.size_ ? 0 : (size_ < other.size_ ? -1 : 1);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS friend auto operator==(basic_string_view lhs,
+                                                   basic_string_view rhs)
+      -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) == 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator!=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) != 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator<(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) < 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator<=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) <= 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator>(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) > 0;
+  }
+  friend auto operator>=(basic_string_view lhs, basic_string_view rhs) -> bool {
+    return lhs.compare(rhs) >= 0;
+  }
+};
+
+using string_view = basic_string_view<char>;
+
+/** Specifies if ``T`` is a character type. Can be specialized by users. */
+template <typename T> struct is_char : std::false_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<char> : std::true_type {};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns a string view of `s`. In order to add custom string type support to
+  {fmt} provide an overload of `to_string_view` for it in the same namespace as
+  the type for the argument-dependent lookup to work.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    namespace my_ns {
+    inline string_view to_string_view(const my_string& s) {
+      return {s.data(), s.length()};
+    }
+    }
+    std::string message = fmt::format(my_string("The answer is {}"), 42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<Char>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE auto to_string_view(const Char* s) -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Traits, typename Alloc>
+inline auto to_string_view(const std::basic_string<Char, Traits, Alloc>& s)
+    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+constexpr auto to_string_view(basic_string_view<Char> s)
+    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  return s;
+}
+
+template <typename Char,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_empty<detail::std_string_view<Char>>::value)>
+inline auto to_string_view(detail::std_string_view<Char> s)
+    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  return s;
+}
+
+// A base class for compile-time strings. It is defined in the fmt namespace to
+// make formatting functions visible via ADL, e.g. format(FMT_STRING("{}"), 42).
+struct compile_string {};
+
+template <typename S>
+struct is_compile_string : std::is_base_of<compile_string, S> {};
+
+template <typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+constexpr auto to_string_view(const S& s)
+    -> basic_string_view<typename S::char_type> {
+  return basic_string_view<typename S::char_type>(s);
+}
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+void to_string_view(...);
+using fmt::v7::to_string_view;
+
+// Specifies whether S is a string type convertible to fmt::basic_string_view.
+// It should be a constexpr function but MSVC 2017 fails to compile it in
+// enable_if and MSVC 2015 fails to compile it as an alias template.
+template <typename S>
+struct is_string : std::is_class<decltype(to_string_view(std::declval<S>()))> {
+};
+
+template <typename S, typename = void> struct char_t_impl {};
+template <typename S> struct char_t_impl<S, enable_if_t<is_string<S>::value>> {
+  using result = decltype(to_string_view(std::declval<S>()));
+  using type = typename result::value_type;
+};
+
+// Reports a compile-time error if S is not a valid format string.
+template <typename..., typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE void check_format_string(const S&) {
+#ifdef FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING
+  static_assert(is_compile_string<S>::value,
+                "FMT_ENFORCE_COMPILE_STRING requires all format strings to use "
+                "FMT_STRING.");
+#endif
+}
+template <typename..., typename S, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_compile_string<S>::value)>
+void check_format_string(S);
+
+struct error_handler {
+  constexpr error_handler() = default;
+  constexpr error_handler(const error_handler&) = default;
+
+  // This function is intentionally not constexpr to give a compile-time error.
+  FMT_NORETURN FMT_API void on_error(const char* message);
+};
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+/** String's character type. */
+template <typename S> using char_t = typename detail::char_t_impl<S>::type;
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Parsing context consisting of a format string range being parsed and an
+  argument counter for automatic indexing.
+  You can use the ```format_parse_context`` type alias for ``char`` instead.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler = detail::error_handler>
+class basic_format_parse_context : private ErrorHandler {
+ private:
+  basic_string_view<Char> format_str_;
+  int next_arg_id_;
+
+ public:
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using iterator = typename basic_string_view<Char>::iterator;
+
+  explicit constexpr basic_format_parse_context(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, ErrorHandler eh = {},
+      int next_arg_id = 0)
+      : ErrorHandler(eh), format_str_(format_str), next_arg_id_(next_arg_id) {}
+
+  /**
+    Returns an iterator to the beginning of the format string range being
+    parsed.
+   */
+  constexpr auto begin() const FMT_NOEXCEPT -> iterator {
+    return format_str_.begin();
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Returns an iterator past the end of the format string range being parsed.
+   */
+  constexpr auto end() const FMT_NOEXCEPT -> iterator {
+    return format_str_.end();
+  }
+
+  /** Advances the begin iterator to ``it``. */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void advance_to(iterator it) {
+    format_str_.remove_prefix(detail::to_unsigned(it - begin()));
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Reports an error if using the manual argument indexing; otherwise returns
+    the next argument index and switches to the automatic indexing.
+   */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
+    // Don't check if the argument id is valid to avoid overhead and because it
+    // will be checked during formatting anyway.
+    if (next_arg_id_ >= 0) return next_arg_id_++;
+    on_error("cannot switch from manual to automatic argument indexing");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Reports an error if using the automatic argument indexing; otherwise
+    switches to the manual indexing.
+   */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int) {
+    if (next_arg_id_ > 0)
+      on_error("cannot switch from automatic to manual argument indexing");
+    else
+      next_arg_id_ = -1;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char>) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    ErrorHandler::on_error(message);
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto error_handler() const -> ErrorHandler { return *this; }
+};
+
+using format_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<char>;
+
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg;
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_args;
+template <typename Context> class dynamic_format_arg_store;
+
+// A formatter for objects of type T.
+template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void>
+struct formatter {
+  // A deleted default constructor indicates a disabled formatter.
+  formatter() = delete;
+};
+
+// Specifies if T has an enabled formatter specialization. A type can be
+// formattable even if it doesn't have a formatter e.g. via a conversion.
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+using has_formatter =
+    std::is_constructible<typename Context::template formatter_type<T>>;
+
+// Checks whether T is a container with contiguous storage.
+template <typename T> struct is_contiguous : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_contiguous<std::basic_string<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+class appender;
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// Extracts a reference to the container from back_insert_iterator.
+template <typename Container>
+inline auto get_container(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it)
+    -> Container& {
+  using bi_iterator = std::back_insert_iterator<Container>;
+  struct accessor : bi_iterator {
+    accessor(bi_iterator iter) : bi_iterator(iter) {}
+    using bi_iterator::container;
+  };
+  return *accessor(it).container;
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A contiguous memory buffer with an optional growing ability. It is an internal
+  class and shouldn't be used directly, only via `~fmt::basic_memory_buffer`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T> class buffer {
+ private:
+  T* ptr_;
+  size_t size_;
+  size_t capacity_;
+
+ protected:
+  // Don't initialize ptr_ since it is not accessed to save a few cycles.
+  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 26495)
+  buffer(size_t sz) FMT_NOEXCEPT : size_(sz), capacity_(sz) {}
+
+  buffer(T* p = nullptr, size_t sz = 0, size_t cap = 0) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : ptr_(p),
+        size_(sz),
+        capacity_(cap) {}
+
+  ~buffer() = default;
+  buffer(buffer&&) = default;
+
+  /** Sets the buffer data and capacity. */
+  void set(T* buf_data, size_t buf_capacity) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    ptr_ = buf_data;
+    capacity_ = buf_capacity;
+  }
+
+  /** Increases the buffer capacity to hold at least *capacity* elements. */
+  virtual void grow(size_t capacity) = 0;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = T;
+  using const_reference = const T&;
+
+  buffer(const buffer&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const buffer&) = delete;
+
+  auto begin() FMT_NOEXCEPT -> T* { return ptr_; }
+  auto end() FMT_NOEXCEPT -> T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
+
+  auto begin() const FMT_NOEXCEPT -> const T* { return ptr_; }
+  auto end() const FMT_NOEXCEPT -> const T* { return ptr_ + size_; }
+
+  /** Returns the size of this buffer. */
+  auto size() const FMT_NOEXCEPT -> size_t { return size_; }
+
+  /** Returns the capacity of this buffer. */
+  auto capacity() const FMT_NOEXCEPT -> size_t { return capacity_; }
+
+  /** Returns a pointer to the buffer data. */
+  auto data() FMT_NOEXCEPT -> T* { return ptr_; }
+
+  /** Returns a pointer to the buffer data. */
+  auto data() const FMT_NOEXCEPT -> const T* { return ptr_; }
+
+  /** Clears this buffer. */
+  void clear() { size_ = 0; }
+
+  // Tries resizing the buffer to contain *count* elements. If T is a POD type
+  // the new elements may not be initialized.
+  void try_resize(size_t count) {
+    try_reserve(count);
+    size_ = count <= capacity_ ? count : capacity_;
+  }
+
+  // Tries increasing the buffer capacity to *new_capacity*. It can increase the
+  // capacity by a smaller amount than requested but guarantees there is space
+  // for at least one additional element either by increasing the capacity or by
+  // flushing the buffer if it is full.
+  void try_reserve(size_t new_capacity) {
+    if (new_capacity > capacity_) grow(new_capacity);
+  }
+
+  void push_back(const T& value) {
+    try_reserve(size_ + 1);
+    ptr_[size_++] = value;
+  }
+
+  /** Appends data to the end of the buffer. */
+  template <typename U> void append(const U* begin, const U* end);
+
+  template <typename I> auto operator[](I index) -> T& { return ptr_[index]; }
+  template <typename I> auto operator[](I index) const -> const T& {
+    return ptr_[index];
+  }
+};
+
+struct buffer_traits {
+  explicit buffer_traits(size_t) {}
+  auto count() const -> size_t { return 0; }
+  auto limit(size_t size) -> size_t { return size; }
+};
+
+class fixed_buffer_traits {
+ private:
+  size_t count_ = 0;
+  size_t limit_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit fixed_buffer_traits(size_t limit) : limit_(limit) {}
+  auto count() const -> size_t { return count_; }
+  auto limit(size_t size) -> size_t {
+    size_t n = limit_ > count_ ? limit_ - count_ : 0;
+    count_ += size;
+    return size < n ? size : n;
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes to an output iterator when flushed.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename T, typename Traits = buffer_traits>
+class iterator_buffer final : public Traits, public buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
+  T data_[buffer_size];
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t) final FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    if (this->size() == buffer_size) flush();
+  }
+  void flush();
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(OutputIt out, size_t n = buffer_size)
+      : Traits(n), buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size), out_(out) {}
+  iterator_buffer(iterator_buffer&& other)
+      : Traits(other), buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size), out_(other.out_) {}
+  ~iterator_buffer() { flush(); }
+
+  auto out() -> OutputIt {
+    flush();
+    return out_;
+  }
+  auto count() const -> size_t { return Traits::count() + this->size(); }
+};
+
+template <typename T> class iterator_buffer<T*, T> final : public buffer<T> {
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t) final FMT_OVERRIDE {}
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(T* out, size_t = 0) : buffer<T>(out, 0, ~size_t()) {}
+
+  auto out() -> T* { return &*this->end(); }
+};
+
+// A buffer that writes to a container with the contiguous storage.
+template <typename Container>
+class iterator_buffer<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>,
+                      enable_if_t<is_contiguous<Container>::value,
+                                  typename Container::value_type>>
+    final : public buffer<typename Container::value_type> {
+ private:
+  Container& container_;
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t capacity) final FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    container_.resize(capacity);
+    this->set(&container_[0], capacity);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit iterator_buffer(Container& c)
+      : buffer<typename Container::value_type>(c.size()), container_(c) {}
+  explicit iterator_buffer(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> out, size_t = 0)
+      : iterator_buffer(get_container(out)) {}
+  auto out() -> std::back_insert_iterator<Container> {
+    return std::back_inserter(container_);
+  }
+};
+
+// A buffer that counts the number of code units written discarding the output.
+template <typename T = char> class counting_buffer final : public buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  enum { buffer_size = 256 };
+  T data_[buffer_size];
+  size_t count_ = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t) final FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    if (this->size() != buffer_size) return;
+    count_ += this->size();
+    this->clear();
+  }
+
+ public:
+  counting_buffer() : buffer<T>(data_, 0, buffer_size) {}
+
+  auto count() -> size_t { return count_ + this->size(); }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using buffer_appender = conditional_t<std::is_same<T, char>::value, appender,
+                                      std::back_insert_iterator<buffer<T>>>;
+
+// Maps an output iterator to a buffer.
+template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
+auto get_buffer(OutputIt out) -> iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T> {
+  return iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T>(out);
+}
+
+template <typename Buffer>
+auto get_iterator(Buffer& buf) -> decltype(buf.out()) {
+  return buf.out();
+}
+template <typename T> auto get_iterator(buffer<T>& buf) -> buffer_appender<T> {
+  return buffer_appender<T>(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Char = char, typename Enable = void>
+struct fallback_formatter {
+  fallback_formatter() = delete;
+};
+
+// Specifies if T has an enabled fallback_formatter specialization.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+using has_fallback_formatter =
+    std::is_constructible<fallback_formatter<T, Char>>;
+
+struct view {};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T> struct named_arg : view {
+  const Char* name;
+  const T& value;
+  named_arg(const Char* n, const T& v) : name(n), value(v) {}
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct named_arg_info {
+  const Char* name;
+  int id;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS>
+struct arg_data {
+  // args_[0].named_args points to named_args_ to avoid bloating format_args.
+  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
+  T args_[1 + (NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1)];
+  named_arg_info<Char> named_args_[NUM_NAMED_ARGS];
+
+  template <typename... U>
+  arg_data(const U&... init) : args_{T(named_args_, NUM_NAMED_ARGS), init...} {}
+  arg_data(const arg_data& other) = delete;
+  auto args() const -> const T* { return args_ + 1; }
+  auto named_args() -> named_arg_info<Char>* { return named_args_; }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS>
+struct arg_data<T, Char, NUM_ARGS, 0> {
+  // +1 to workaround a bug in gcc 7.5 that causes duplicated-branches warning.
+  T args_[NUM_ARGS != 0 ? NUM_ARGS : +1];
+
+  template <typename... U>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE arg_data(const U&... init) : args_{init...} {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto args() const -> const T* { return args_; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto named_args() -> std::nullptr_t {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>*, int, int) {}
+
+template <typename T> struct is_named_arg : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T> struct is_statically_named_arg : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct is_named_arg<named_arg<Char, T>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, typename... Tail,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_named_arg<T>::value)>
+void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int arg_count,
+                     int named_arg_count, const T&, const Tail&... args) {
+  init_named_args(named_args, arg_count + 1, named_arg_count, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename T, typename... Tail,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
+void init_named_args(named_arg_info<Char>* named_args, int arg_count,
+                     int named_arg_count, const T& arg, const Tail&... args) {
+  named_args[named_arg_count++] = {arg.name, arg_count};
+  init_named_args(named_args, arg_count + 1, named_arg_count, args...);
+}
+
+template <typename... Args>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE void init_named_args(std::nullptr_t, int, int,
+                                              const Args&...) {}
+
+template <bool B = false> constexpr auto count() -> size_t { return B ? 1 : 0; }
+template <bool B1, bool B2, bool... Tail> constexpr auto count() -> size_t {
+  return (B1 ? 1 : 0) + count<B2, Tail...>();
+}
+
+template <typename... Args> constexpr auto count_named_args() -> size_t {
+  return count<is_named_arg<Args>::value...>();
+}
+
+enum class type {
+  none_type,
+  // Integer types should go first,
+  int_type,
+  uint_type,
+  long_long_type,
+  ulong_long_type,
+  int128_type,
+  uint128_type,
+  bool_type,
+  char_type,
+  last_integer_type = char_type,
+  // followed by floating-point types.
+  float_type,
+  double_type,
+  long_double_type,
+  last_numeric_type = long_double_type,
+  cstring_type,
+  string_type,
+  pointer_type,
+  custom_type
+};
+
+// Maps core type T to the corresponding type enum constant.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct type_constant : std::integral_constant<type, type::custom_type> {};
+
+#define FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Type, constant) \
+  template <typename Char>                \
+  struct type_constant<Type, Char>        \
+      : std::integral_constant<type, type::constant> {}
+
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int, int_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned, uint_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long long, long_long_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(unsigned long long, ulong_long_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(int128_t, int128_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(uint128_t, uint128_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(bool, bool_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(Char, char_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(float, float_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(double, double_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(long double, long_double_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const Char*, cstring_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(basic_string_view<Char>, string_type);
+FMT_TYPE_CONSTANT(const void*, pointer_type);
+
+constexpr bool is_integral_type(type t) {
+  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_integer_type;
+}
+
+constexpr bool is_arithmetic_type(type t) {
+  return t > type::none_type && t <= type::last_numeric_type;
+}
+
+template <typename Char> struct string_value {
+  const Char* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct named_arg_value {
+  const named_arg_info<Char>* data;
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename Context> struct custom_value {
+  using parse_context = typename Context::parse_context_type;
+  const void* value;
+  void (*format)(const void* arg, parse_context& parse_ctx, Context& ctx);
+};
+
+// A formatting argument value.
+template <typename Context> class value {
+ public:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  union {
+    int int_value;
+    unsigned uint_value;
+    long long long_long_value;
+    unsigned long long ulong_long_value;
+    int128_t int128_value;
+    uint128_t uint128_value;
+    bool bool_value;
+    char_type char_value;
+    float float_value;
+    double double_value;
+    long double long_double_value;
+    const void* pointer;
+    string_value<char_type> string;
+    custom_value<Context> custom;
+    named_arg_value<char_type> named_args;
+  };
+
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(int val = 0) : int_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned val) : uint_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(long long val) : long_long_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(unsigned long long val) : ulong_long_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(int128_t val) : int128_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(uint128_t val) : uint128_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(float val) : float_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(double val) : double_value(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(long double val) : long_double_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(bool val) : bool_value(val) {}
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE value(char_type val) : char_value(val) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(const char_type* val) {
+    string.data = val;
+    if (is_constant_evaluated()) string.size = {};
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(basic_string_view<char_type> val) {
+    string.data = val.data();
+    string.size = val.size();
+  }
+  FMT_INLINE value(const void* val) : pointer(val) {}
+  FMT_INLINE value(const named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
+      : named_args{args, size} {}
+
+  template <typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE value(const T& val) {
+    custom.value = &val;
+    // Get the formatter type through the context to allow different contexts
+    // have different extension points, e.g. `formatter<T>` for `format` and
+    // `printf_formatter<T>` for `printf`.
+    custom.format = format_custom_arg<
+        T, conditional_t<has_formatter<T, Context>::value,
+                         typename Context::template formatter_type<T>,
+                         fallback_formatter<T, char_type>>>;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  // Formats an argument of a custom type, such as a user-defined class.
+  template <typename T, typename Formatter>
+  static void format_custom_arg(const void* arg,
+                                typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
+                                Context& ctx) {
+    Formatter f;
+    parse_ctx.advance_to(f.parse(parse_ctx));
+    ctx.advance_to(f.format(*static_cast<const T*>(arg), ctx));
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Context, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg(const T& value) -> basic_format_arg<Context>;
+
+// To minimize the number of types we need to deal with, long is translated
+// either to int or to long long depending on its size.
+enum { long_short = sizeof(long) == sizeof(int) };
+using long_type = conditional_t<long_short, int, long long>;
+using ulong_type = conditional_t<long_short, unsigned, unsigned long long>;
+
+struct unformattable {};
+
+// Maps formatting arguments to core types.
+template <typename Context> struct arg_mapper {
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(signed char val) -> int { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned char val) -> unsigned {
+    return val;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(short val) -> int { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned short val) -> unsigned {
+    return val;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(int val) -> int { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned val) -> unsigned { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(long val) -> long_type { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned long val) -> ulong_type {
+    return val;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(long long val) -> long long { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned long long val)
+      -> unsigned long long {
+    return val;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(int128_t val) -> int128_t { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(uint128_t val) -> uint128_t { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(bool val) -> bool { return val; }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_char<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(T val) -> char_type {
+    static_assert(
+        std::is_same<T, char>::value || std::is_same<T, char_type>::value,
+        "mixing character types is disallowed");
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(float val) -> float { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(double val) -> double { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(long double val) -> long double {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(char_type* val) -> const char_type* {
+    return val;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const char_type* val) -> const char_type* {
+    return val;
+  }
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_string<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& val)
+      -> basic_string_view<char_type> {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<char_type, char_t<T>>::value,
+                  "mixing character types is disallowed");
+    return to_string_view(val);
+  }
+  template <typename T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+                std::is_constructible<basic_string_view<char_type>, T>::value &&
+                !is_string<T>::value && !has_formatter<T, Context>::value &&
+                !has_fallback_formatter<T, char_type>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& val)
+      -> basic_string_view<char_type> {
+    return basic_string_view<char_type>(val);
+  }
+  template <
+      typename T,
+      FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+          std::is_constructible<std_string_view<char_type>, T>::value &&
+          !std::is_constructible<basic_string_view<char_type>, T>::value &&
+          !is_string<T>::value && !has_formatter<T, Context>::value &&
+          !has_fallback_formatter<T, char_type>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& val)
+      -> basic_string_view<char_type> {
+    return std_string_view<char_type>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const signed char* val) -> const char* {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<char_type, char>::value, "invalid string type");
+    return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const unsigned char* val) -> const char* {
+    static_assert(std::is_same<char_type, char>::value, "invalid string type");
+    return reinterpret_cast<const char*>(val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(signed char* val) -> const char* {
+    const auto* const_val = val;
+    return map(const_val);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(unsigned char* val) -> const char* {
+    const auto* const_val = val;
+    return map(const_val);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(void* val) -> const void* { return val; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const void* val) -> const void* {
+    return val;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(std::nullptr_t val) -> const void* {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  // We use SFINAE instead of a const T* parameter to avoid conflicting with
+  // the C array overload.
+  template <typename T>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto map(T) -> enable_if_t<std::is_pointer<T>::value, int> {
+    // Formatting of arbitrary pointers is disallowed. If you want to output
+    // a pointer cast it to "void *" or "const void *". In particular, this
+    // forbids formatting of "[const] volatile char *" which is printed as bool
+    // by iostreams.
+    static_assert(!sizeof(T), "formatting of non-void pointers is disallowed");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T (&values)[N]) -> const T (&)[N] {
+    return values;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_enum<T>::value &&
+                          !has_formatter<T, Context>::value &&
+                          !has_fallback_formatter<T, char_type>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& val)
+      -> decltype(std::declval<arg_mapper>().map(
+          static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(val))) {
+    return map(static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(val));
+  }
+  template <typename T,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_string<T>::value && !is_char<T>::value &&
+                          (has_formatter<T, Context>::value ||
+                           has_fallback_formatter<T, char_type>::value))>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& val) -> const T& {
+    return val;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_named_arg<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto map(const T& named_arg)
+      -> decltype(std::declval<arg_mapper>().map(named_arg.value)) {
+    return map(named_arg.value);
+  }
+
+  auto map(...) -> unformattable { return {}; }
+};
+
+// A type constant after applying arg_mapper<Context>.
+template <typename T, typename Context>
+using mapped_type_constant =
+    type_constant<decltype(arg_mapper<Context>().map(std::declval<const T&>())),
+                  typename Context::char_type>;
+
+enum { packed_arg_bits = 4 };
+// Maximum number of arguments with packed types.
+enum { max_packed_args = 62 / packed_arg_bits };
+enum : unsigned long long { is_unpacked_bit = 1ULL << 63 };
+enum : unsigned long long { has_named_args_bit = 1ULL << 62 };
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// An output iterator that appends to a buffer.
+// It is used to reduce symbol sizes for the common case.
+class appender : public std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<char>> {
+  using base = std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<char>>;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  friend auto get_buffer(appender out) -> detail::buffer<char>& {
+    return detail::get_container(out);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  using std::back_insert_iterator<detail::buffer<char>>::back_insert_iterator;
+  appender(base it) : base(it) {}
+  using _Unchecked_type = appender;  // Mark iterator as checked.
+
+  auto operator++() -> appender& {
+    base::operator++();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  auto operator++(int) -> appender {
+    auto tmp = *this;
+    ++*this;
+    return tmp;
+  }
+};
+
+// A formatting argument. It is a trivially copyable/constructible type to
+// allow storage in basic_memory_buffer.
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_arg {
+ private:
+  detail::value<Context> value_;
+  detail::type type_;
+
+  template <typename ContextType, typename T>
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto detail::make_arg(const T& value)
+      -> basic_format_arg<ContextType>;
+
+  template <typename Visitor, typename Ctx>
+  friend FMT_CONSTEXPR auto visit_format_arg(Visitor&& vis,
+                                             const basic_format_arg<Ctx>& arg)
+      -> decltype(vis(0));
+
+  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
+  friend class dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>;
+
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  template <typename T, typename Char, size_t NUM_ARGS, size_t NUM_NAMED_ARGS>
+  friend struct detail::arg_data;
+
+  basic_format_arg(const detail::named_arg_info<char_type>* args, size_t size)
+      : value_(args, size) {}
+
+ public:
+  class handle {
+   public:
+    explicit handle(detail::custom_value<Context> custom) : custom_(custom) {}
+
+    void format(typename Context::parse_context_type& parse_ctx,
+                Context& ctx) const {
+      custom_.format(custom_.value, parse_ctx, ctx);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    detail::custom_value<Context> custom_;
+  };
+
+  constexpr basic_format_arg() : type_(detail::type::none_type) {}
+
+  constexpr explicit operator bool() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return type_ != detail::type::none_type;
+  }
+
+  auto type() const -> detail::type { return type_; }
+
+  auto is_integral() const -> bool { return detail::is_integral_type(type_); }
+  auto is_arithmetic() const -> bool {
+    return detail::is_arithmetic_type(type_);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Visits an argument dispatching to the appropriate visit method based on
+  the argument type. For example, if the argument type is ``double`` then
+  ``vis(value)`` will be called with the value of type ``double``.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Visitor, typename Context>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto visit_format_arg(
+    Visitor&& vis, const basic_format_arg<Context>& arg) -> decltype(vis(0)) {
+  switch (arg.type_) {
+  case detail::type::none_type:
+    break;
+  case detail::type::int_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.int_value);
+  case detail::type::uint_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.uint_value);
+  case detail::type::long_long_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.long_long_value);
+  case detail::type::ulong_long_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.ulong_long_value);
+  case detail::type::int128_type:
+    return vis(detail::convert_for_visit(arg.value_.int128_value));
+  case detail::type::uint128_type:
+    return vis(detail::convert_for_visit(arg.value_.uint128_value));
+  case detail::type::bool_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.bool_value);
+  case detail::type::char_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.char_value);
+  case detail::type::float_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.float_value);
+  case detail::type::double_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.double_value);
+  case detail::type::long_double_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.long_double_value);
+  case detail::type::cstring_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.string.data);
+  case detail::type::string_type:
+    using sv = basic_string_view<typename Context::char_type>;
+    return vis(sv(arg.value_.string.data, arg.value_.string.size));
+  case detail::type::pointer_type:
+    return vis(arg.value_.pointer);
+  case detail::type::custom_type:
+    return vis(typename basic_format_arg<Context>::handle(arg.value_.custom));
+  }
+  return vis(monostate());
+}
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 500
+// A workaround for gcc 4.8 to make void_t work in a SFINAE context.
+template <typename... Ts> struct void_t_impl { using type = void; };
+template <typename... Ts>
+using void_t = typename detail::void_t_impl<Ts...>::type;
+#else
+template <typename...> using void_t = void;
+#endif
+
+template <typename It, typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct is_output_iterator : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename It, typename T>
+struct is_output_iterator<
+    It, T,
+    void_t<typename std::iterator_traits<It>::iterator_category,
+           decltype(*std::declval<It>() = std::declval<T>())>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+struct is_back_insert_iterator : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Container>
+struct is_back_insert_iterator<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+struct is_contiguous_back_insert_iterator : std::false_type {};
+template <typename Container>
+struct is_contiguous_back_insert_iterator<std::back_insert_iterator<Container>>
+    : is_contiguous<Container> {};
+template <>
+struct is_contiguous_back_insert_iterator<appender> : std::true_type {};
+
+// A type-erased reference to an std::locale to avoid heavy <locale> include.
+class locale_ref {
+ private:
+  const void* locale_;  // A type-erased pointer to std::locale.
+
+ public:
+  constexpr locale_ref() : locale_(nullptr) {}
+  template <typename Locale> explicit locale_ref(const Locale& loc);
+
+  explicit operator bool() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return locale_ != nullptr; }
+
+  template <typename Locale> auto get() const -> Locale;
+};
+
+template <typename> constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
+  return 0;
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto encode_types() -> unsigned long long {
+  return static_cast<unsigned>(mapped_type_constant<Arg, Context>::value) |
+         (encode_types<Context, Args...>() << packed_arg_bits);
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg(const T& value) -> basic_format_arg<Context> {
+  basic_format_arg<Context> arg;
+  arg.type_ = mapped_type_constant<T, Context>::value;
+  arg.value_ = arg_mapper<Context>().map(value);
+  return arg;
+}
+
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdangling-reference"
+
+// The type template parameter is there to avoid an ODR violation when using
+// a fallback formatter in one translation unit and an implicit conversion in
+// another (not recommended).
+template <bool IS_PACKED, typename Context, type, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(IS_PACKED)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto make_arg(const T& val) -> value<Context> {
+  const auto& arg = arg_mapper<Context>().map(val);
+  static_assert(
+      !std::is_same<decltype(arg), const unformattable&>::value,
+      "Cannot format an argument. To make type T formattable provide a "
+      "formatter<T> specialization: https://fmt.dev/latest/api.html#udt");
+  return arg;
+}
+
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+template <bool IS_PACKED, typename Context, type, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!IS_PACKED)>
+inline auto make_arg(const T& value) -> basic_format_arg<Context> {
+  return make_arg<Context>(value);
+}
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// Formatting context.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_format_context {
+ public:
+  /** The character type for the output. */
+  using char_type = Char;
+
+ private:
+  OutputIt out_;
+  basic_format_args<basic_format_context> args_;
+  detail::locale_ref loc_;
+
+ public:
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<basic_format_context>;
+  using parse_context_type = basic_format_parse_context<Char>;
+  template <typename T> using formatter_type = formatter<T, char_type>;
+
+  basic_format_context(basic_format_context&&) = default;
+  basic_format_context(const basic_format_context&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const basic_format_context&) = delete;
+  /**
+   Constructs a ``basic_format_context`` object. References to the arguments are
+   stored in the object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
+   */
+  constexpr basic_format_context(
+      OutputIt out, basic_format_args<basic_format_context> ctx_args,
+      detail::locale_ref loc = detail::locale_ref())
+      : out_(out), args_(ctx_args), loc_(loc) {}
+
+  constexpr auto arg(int id) const -> format_arg { return args_.get(id); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg(basic_string_view<char_type> name) -> format_arg {
+    return args_.get(name);
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto arg_id(basic_string_view<char_type> name) -> int {
+    return args_.get_id(name);
+  }
+  auto args() const -> const basic_format_args<basic_format_context>& {
+    return args_;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto error_handler() -> detail::error_handler { return {}; }
+  void on_error(const char* message) { error_handler().on_error(message); }
+
+  // Returns an iterator to the beginning of the output range.
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto out() -> iterator { return out_; }
+
+  // Advances the begin iterator to ``it``.
+  void advance_to(iterator it) {
+    if (!detail::is_back_insert_iterator<iterator>()) out_ = it;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto locale() -> detail::locale_ref { return loc_; }
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+using buffer_context =
+    basic_format_context<detail::buffer_appender<Char>, Char>;
+using format_context = buffer_context<char>;
+
+// Workaround an alias issue: https://stackoverflow.com/q/62767544/471164.
+#define FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(Char) \
+  basic_format_context<detail::buffer_appender<Char>, Char>
+
+template <typename T, typename Char = char>
+using is_formattable = bool_constant<
+    !std::is_same<decltype(detail::arg_mapper<buffer_context<Char>>().map(
+                      std::declval<T>())),
+                  detail::unformattable>::value &&
+    !detail::has_fallback_formatter<T, Char>::value>;
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  An array of references to arguments. It can be implicitly converted into
+  `~fmt::basic_format_args` for passing into type-erased formatting functions
+  such as `~fmt::vformat`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context, typename... Args>
+class format_arg_store
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+    // Workaround a GCC template argument substitution bug.
+    : public basic_format_args<Context>
+#endif
+{
+ private:
+  static const size_t num_args = sizeof...(Args);
+  static const size_t num_named_args = detail::count_named_args<Args...>();
+  static const bool is_packed = num_args <= detail::max_packed_args;
+
+  using value_type = conditional_t<is_packed, detail::value<Context>,
+                                   basic_format_arg<Context>>;
+
+  detail::arg_data<value_type, typename Context::char_type, num_args,
+                   num_named_args>
+      data_;
+
+  friend class basic_format_args<Context>;
+
+  static constexpr unsigned long long desc =
+      (is_packed ? detail::encode_types<Context, Args...>()
+                 : detail::is_unpacked_bit | num_args) |
+      (num_named_args != 0
+           ? static_cast<unsigned long long>(detail::has_named_args_bit)
+           : 0);
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE format_arg_store(const Args&... args)
+      :
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+        basic_format_args<Context>(*this),
+#endif
+        data_{detail::make_arg<
+            is_packed, Context,
+            detail::mapped_type_constant<Args, Context>::value>(args)...} {
+    detail::init_named_args(data_.named_args(), 0, 0, args...);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs a `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::format_args`. `Context`
+  can be omitted in which case it defaults to `~fmt::context`.
+  See `~fmt::arg` for lifetime considerations.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context = format_context, typename... Args>
+constexpr auto make_format_args(const Args&... args)
+    -> format_arg_store<Context, Args...> {
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns a named argument to be used in a formatting function.
+  It should only be used in a call to a formatting function or
+  `dynamic_format_arg_store::push_back`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds", fmt::arg("s", 1.23));
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char, typename T>
+inline auto arg(const Char* name, const T& arg) -> detail::named_arg<Char, T> {
+  static_assert(!detail::is_named_arg<T>(), "nested named arguments");
+  return {name, arg};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A view of a collection of formatting arguments. To avoid lifetime issues it
+  should only be used as a parameter type in type-erased functions such as
+  ``vformat``::
+
+    void vlog(string_view format_str, format_args args);  // OK
+    format_args args = make_format_args(42);  // Error: dangling reference
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Context> class basic_format_args {
+ public:
+  using size_type = int;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<Context>;
+
+ private:
+  // A descriptor that contains information about formatting arguments.
+  // If the number of arguments is less or equal to max_packed_args then
+  // argument types are passed in the descriptor. This reduces binary code size
+  // per formatting function call.
+  unsigned long long desc_;
+  union {
+    // If is_packed() returns true then argument values are stored in values_;
+    // otherwise they are stored in args_. This is done to improve cache
+    // locality and reduce compiled code size since storing larger objects
+    // may require more code (at least on x86-64) even if the same amount of
+    // data is actually copied to stack. It saves ~10% on the bloat test.
+    const detail::value<Context>* values_;
+    const format_arg* args_;
+  };
+
+  constexpr auto is_packed() const -> bool {
+    return (desc_ & detail::is_unpacked_bit) == 0;
+  }
+  auto has_named_args() const -> bool {
+    return (desc_ & detail::has_named_args_bit) != 0;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto type(int index) const -> detail::type {
+    int shift = index * detail::packed_arg_bits;
+    unsigned int mask = (1 << detail::packed_arg_bits) - 1;
+    return static_cast<detail::type>((desc_ >> shift) & mask);
+  }
+
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(unsigned long long desc,
+                                         const detail::value<Context>* values)
+      : desc_(desc), values_(values) {}
+  constexpr basic_format_args(unsigned long long desc, const format_arg* args)
+      : desc_(desc), args_(args) {}
+
+ public:
+  constexpr basic_format_args() : desc_(0), args_(nullptr) {}
+
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from `~fmt::format_arg_store`.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  template <typename... Args>
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(
+      const format_arg_store<Context, Args...>& store)
+      : basic_format_args(format_arg_store<Context, Args...>::desc,
+                          store.data_.args()) {}
+
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from
+   `~fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store`.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  constexpr FMT_INLINE basic_format_args(
+      const dynamic_format_arg_store<Context>& store)
+      : basic_format_args(store.get_types(), store.data()) {}
+
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a `basic_format_args` object from a dynamic set of arguments.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  constexpr basic_format_args(const format_arg* args, int count)
+      : basic_format_args(detail::is_unpacked_bit | detail::to_unsigned(count),
+                          args) {}
+
+  /** Returns the argument with the specified id. */
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get(int id) const -> format_arg {
+    format_arg arg;
+    if (!is_packed()) {
+      if (id < max_size()) arg = args_[id];
+      return arg;
+    }
+    if (id >= detail::max_packed_args) return arg;
+    arg.type_ = type(id);
+    if (arg.type_ == detail::type::none_type) return arg;
+    arg.value_ = values_[id];
+    return arg;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Char>
+  auto get(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> format_arg {
+    int id = get_id(name);
+    return id >= 0 ? get(id) : format_arg();
+  }
+
+  template <typename Char>
+  auto get_id(basic_string_view<Char> name) const -> int {
+    if (!has_named_args()) return -1;
+    const auto& named_args =
+        (is_packed() ? values_[-1] : args_[-1].value_).named_args;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < named_args.size; ++i) {
+      if (named_args.data[i].name == name) return named_args.data[i].id;
+    }
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  auto max_size() const -> int {
+    unsigned long long max_packed = detail::max_packed_args;
+    return static_cast<int>(is_packed() ? max_packed
+                                        : desc_ & ~detail::is_unpacked_bit);
+  }
+};
+
+/** An alias to ``basic_format_args<format_context>``. */
+// A separate type would result in shorter symbols but break ABI compatibility
+// between clang and gcc on ARM (#1919).
+using format_args = basic_format_args<format_context>;
+
+// We cannot use enum classes as bit fields because of a gcc bug
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=61414.
+namespace align {
+enum type { none, left, right, center, numeric };
+}
+using align_t = align::type;
+namespace sign {
+enum type { none, minus, plus, space };
+}
+using sign_t = sign::type;
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+void throw_format_error(const char* message);
+
+// Workaround an array initialization issue in gcc 4.8.
+template <typename Char> struct fill_t {
+ private:
+  enum { max_size = 4 };
+  Char data_[max_size] = {Char(' '), Char(0), Char(0), Char(0)};
+  unsigned char size_ = 1;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator=(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
+    auto size = s.size();
+    if (size > max_size) return throw_format_error("invalid fill");
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i) data_[i] = s[i];
+    size_ = static_cast<unsigned char>(size);
+  }
+
+  constexpr auto size() const -> size_t { return size_; }
+  constexpr auto data() const -> const Char* { return data_; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](size_t index) -> Char& { return data_[index]; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator[](size_t index) const -> const Char& {
+    return data_[index];
+  }
+};
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// Format specifiers for built-in and string types.
+template <typename Char> struct basic_format_specs {
+  int width;
+  int precision;
+  char type;
+  align_t align : 4;
+  sign_t sign : 3;
+  bool alt : 1;  // Alternate form ('#').
+  bool localized : 1;
+  detail::fill_t<Char> fill;
+
+  constexpr basic_format_specs()
+      : width(0),
+        precision(-1),
+        type(0),
+        align(align::none),
+        sign(sign::none),
+        alt(false),
+        localized(false) {}
+};
+
+using format_specs = basic_format_specs<char>;
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+enum class arg_id_kind { none, index, name };
+
+// An argument reference.
+template <typename Char> struct arg_ref {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR arg_ref() : kind(arg_id_kind::none), val() {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(int index)
+      : kind(arg_id_kind::index), val(index) {}
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit arg_ref(basic_string_view<Char> name)
+      : kind(arg_id_kind::name), val(name) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto operator=(int idx) -> arg_ref& {
+    kind = arg_id_kind::index;
+    val.index = idx;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  arg_id_kind kind;
+  union value {
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(int id = 0) : index{id} {}
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR value(basic_string_view<Char> n) : name(n) {}
+
+    int index;
+    basic_string_view<Char> name;
+  } val;
+};
+
+// Format specifiers with width and precision resolved at formatting rather
+// than parsing time to allow re-using the same parsed specifiers with
+// different sets of arguments (precompilation of format strings).
+template <typename Char>
+struct dynamic_format_specs : basic_format_specs<Char> {
+  arg_ref<Char> width_ref;
+  arg_ref<Char> precision_ref;
+};
+
+struct auto_id {};
+
+// A format specifier handler that sets fields in basic_format_specs.
+template <typename Char> class specs_setter {
+ protected:
+  basic_format_specs<Char>& specs_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_setter(basic_format_specs<Char>& specs)
+      : specs_(specs) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_setter(const specs_setter& other)
+      : specs_(other.specs_) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_align(align_t align) { specs_.align = align; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_fill(basic_string_view<Char> fill) {
+    specs_.fill = fill;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_sign(sign_t s) { specs_.sign = s; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_hash() { specs_.alt = true; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_localized() { specs_.localized = true; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_zero() {
+    if (specs_.align == align::none) specs_.align = align::numeric;
+    specs_.fill[0] = Char('0');
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_width(int width) { specs_.width = width; }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_precision(int precision) {
+    specs_.precision = precision;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void end_precision() {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_type(Char type) {
+    specs_.type = static_cast<char>(type);
+  }
+};
+
+// Format spec handler that saves references to arguments representing dynamic
+// width and precision to be resolved at formatting time.
+template <typename ParseContext>
+class dynamic_specs_handler
+    : public specs_setter<typename ParseContext::char_type> {
+ public:
+  using char_type = typename ParseContext::char_type;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR dynamic_specs_handler(dynamic_format_specs<char_type>& specs,
+                                      ParseContext& ctx)
+      : specs_setter<char_type>(specs), specs_(specs), context_(ctx) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR dynamic_specs_handler(const dynamic_specs_handler& other)
+      : specs_setter<char_type>(other),
+        specs_(other.specs_),
+        context_(other.context_) {}
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_width(Id arg_id) {
+    specs_.width_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+  }
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_precision(Id arg_id) {
+    specs_.precision_ref = make_arg_ref(arg_id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    context_.on_error(message);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  dynamic_format_specs<char_type>& specs_;
+  ParseContext& context_;
+
+  using arg_ref_type = arg_ref<char_type>;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg_ref(int arg_id) -> arg_ref_type {
+    context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg_ref(auto_id) -> arg_ref_type {
+    return arg_ref_type(context_.next_arg_id());
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_arg_ref(basic_string_view<char_type> arg_id)
+      -> arg_ref_type {
+    context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    basic_string_view<char_type> format_str(
+        context_.begin(), to_unsigned(context_.end() - context_.begin()));
+    return arg_ref_type(arg_id);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> constexpr bool is_ascii_letter(Char c) {
+  return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z');
+}
+
+// Converts a character to ASCII. Returns a number > 127 on conversion failure.
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<Char>::value)>
+constexpr auto to_ascii(Char value) -> Char {
+  return value;
+}
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_enum<Char>::value)>
+constexpr auto to_ascii(Char value) ->
+    typename std::underlying_type<Char>::type {
+  return value;
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto code_point_length(const Char* begin) -> int {
+  if (const_check(sizeof(Char) != 1)) return 1;
+  constexpr char lengths[] = {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
+                              0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 0};
+  int len = lengths[static_cast<unsigned char>(*begin) >> 3];
+
+  // Compute the pointer to the next character early so that the next
+  // iteration can start working on the next character. Neither Clang
+  // nor GCC figure out this reordering on their own.
+  return len + !len;
+}
+
+// Return the result via the out param to workaround gcc bug 77539.
+template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename T, typename Ptr = const T*>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto find(Ptr first, Ptr last, T value, Ptr& out) -> bool {
+  for (out = first; out != last; ++out) {
+    if (*out == value) return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <>
+inline auto find<false, char>(const char* first, const char* last, char value,
+                              const char*& out) -> bool {
+  out = static_cast<const char*>(
+      std::memchr(first, value, to_unsigned(last - first)));
+  return out != nullptr;
+}
+
+// Parses the range [begin, end) as an unsigned integer. This function assumes
+// that the range is non-empty and the first character is a digit.
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_nonnegative_int(const Char*& begin, const Char* end,
+                                         ErrorHandler&& eh) -> int {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end && '0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9', "");
+  unsigned value = 0;
+  // Convert to unsigned to prevent a warning.
+  const unsigned max_int = to_unsigned(INT_MAX);
+  unsigned big = max_int / 10;
+  do {
+    // Check for overflow.
+    if (value > big) {
+      value = max_int + 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    value = value * 10 + unsigned(*begin - '0');
+    ++begin;
+  } while (begin != end && '0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9');
+  if (value > max_int) eh.on_error("number is too big");
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+
+// Parses fill and alignment.
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_align(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                               Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  auto align = align::none;
+  auto p = begin + code_point_length(begin);
+  if (p >= end) p = begin;
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (to_ascii(*p)) {
+    case '<':
+      align = align::left;
+      break;
+    case '>':
+      align = align::right;
+      break;
+    case '^':
+      align = align::center;
+      break;
+    default:
+      break;
+    }
+    if (align != align::none) {
+      if (p != begin) {
+        auto c = *begin;
+        if (c == '{')
+          return handler.on_error("invalid fill character '{'"), begin;
+        handler.on_fill(basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(p - begin)));
+        begin = p + 1;
+      } else
+        ++begin;
+      handler.on_align(align);
+      break;
+    } else if (p == begin) {
+      break;
+    }
+    p = begin;
+  }
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_name_start(Char c) {
+  return ('a' <= c && c <= 'z') || ('A' <= c && c <= 'Z') || '_' == c;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename IDHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto do_parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                   IDHandler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  Char c = *begin;
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+    int index = 0;
+    if (c != '0')
+      index = parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, handler);
+    else
+      ++begin;
+    if (begin == end || (*begin != '}' && *begin != ':'))
+      handler.on_error("invalid format string");
+    else
+      handler(index);
+    return begin;
+  }
+  if (!is_name_start(c)) {
+    handler.on_error("invalid format string");
+    return begin;
+  }
+  auto it = begin;
+  do {
+    ++it;
+  } while (it != end && (is_name_start(c = *it) || ('0' <= c && c <= '9')));
+  handler(basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(it - begin)));
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename IDHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto parse_arg_id(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                           IDHandler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  Char c = *begin;
+  if (c != '}' && c != ':') return do_parse_arg_id(begin, end, handler);
+  handler();
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_width(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                               Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  using detail::auto_id;
+  struct width_adapter {
+    Handler& handler;
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_width(auto_id()); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(int id) { handler.on_dynamic_width(id); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+      handler.on_dynamic_width(id);
+    }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+      if (message) handler.on_error(message);
+    }
+  };
+
+  FMT_ASSERT(begin != end, "");
+  if ('0' <= *begin && *begin <= '9') {
+    handler.on_width(parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, handler));
+  } else if (*begin == '{') {
+    ++begin;
+    if (begin != end) begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, width_adapter{handler});
+    if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
+      return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), begin;
+    ++begin;
+  }
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_precision(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                   Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  using detail::auto_id;
+  struct precision_adapter {
+    Handler& handler;
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()() { handler.on_dynamic_precision(auto_id()); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(int id) { handler.on_dynamic_precision(id); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+      handler.on_dynamic_precision(id);
+    }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+      if (message) handler.on_error(message);
+    }
+  };
+
+  ++begin;
+  auto c = begin != end ? *begin : Char();
+  if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+    handler.on_precision(parse_nonnegative_int(begin, end, handler));
+  } else if (c == '{') {
+    ++begin;
+    if (begin != end)
+      begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, precision_adapter{handler});
+    if (begin == end || *begin++ != '}')
+      return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), begin;
+  } else {
+    return handler.on_error("missing precision specifier"), begin;
+  }
+  handler.end_precision();
+  return begin;
+}
+
+// Parses standard format specifiers and sends notifications about parsed
+// components to handler.
+template <typename Char, typename SpecHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto parse_format_specs(const Char* begin,
+                                                 const Char* end,
+                                                 SpecHandler&& handler)
+    -> const Char* {
+  if (begin + 1 < end && begin[1] == '}' && is_ascii_letter(*begin) &&
+      *begin != 'L') {
+    handler.on_type(*begin++);
+    return begin;
+  }
+
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  begin = parse_align(begin, end, handler);
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  // Parse sign.
+  switch (to_ascii(*begin)) {
+  case '+':
+    handler.on_sign(sign::plus);
+    ++begin;
+    break;
+  case '-':
+    handler.on_sign(sign::minus);
+    ++begin;
+    break;
+  case ' ':
+    handler.on_sign(sign::space);
+    ++begin;
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  if (*begin == '#') {
+    handler.on_hash();
+    if (++begin == end) return begin;
+  }
+
+  // Parse zero flag.
+  if (*begin == '0') {
+    handler.on_zero();
+    if (++begin == end) return begin;
+  }
+
+  begin = parse_width(begin, end, handler);
+  if (begin == end) return begin;
+
+  // Parse precision.
+  if (*begin == '.') {
+    begin = parse_precision(begin, end, handler);
+    if (begin == end) return begin;
+  }
+
+  if (*begin == 'L') {
+    handler.on_localized();
+    ++begin;
+  }
+
+  // Parse type.
+  if (begin != end && *begin != '}') handler.on_type(*begin++);
+  return begin;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_replacement_field(const Char* begin, const Char* end,
+                                           Handler&& handler) -> const Char* {
+  struct id_adapter {
+    Handler& handler;
+    int arg_id;
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()() { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(int id) { arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+      arg_id = handler.on_arg_id(id);
+    }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+      if (message) handler.on_error(message);
+    }
+  };
+
+  ++begin;
+  if (begin == end) return handler.on_error("invalid format string"), end;
+  if (*begin == '}') {
+    handler.on_replacement_field(handler.on_arg_id(), begin);
+  } else if (*begin == '{') {
+    handler.on_text(begin, begin + 1);
+  } else {
+    auto adapter = id_adapter{handler, 0};
+    begin = parse_arg_id(begin, end, adapter);
+    Char c = begin != end ? *begin : Char();
+    if (c == '}') {
+      handler.on_replacement_field(adapter.arg_id, begin);
+    } else if (c == ':') {
+      begin = handler.on_format_specs(adapter.arg_id, begin + 1, end);
+      if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
+        return handler.on_error("unknown format specifier"), end;
+    } else {
+      return handler.on_error("missing '}' in format string"), end;
+    }
+  }
+  return begin + 1;
+}
+
+template <bool IS_CONSTEXPR, typename Char, typename Handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE void parse_format_string(
+    basic_string_view<Char> format_str, Handler&& handler) {
+  // this is most likely a name-lookup defect in msvc's modules implementation
+  using detail::find;
+
+  auto begin = format_str.data();
+  auto end = begin + format_str.size();
+  if (end - begin < 32) {
+    // Use a simple loop instead of memchr for small strings.
+    const Char* p = begin;
+    while (p != end) {
+      auto c = *p++;
+      if (c == '{') {
+        handler.on_text(begin, p - 1);
+        begin = p = parse_replacement_field(p - 1, end, handler);
+      } else if (c == '}') {
+        if (p == end || *p != '}')
+          return handler.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+        handler.on_text(begin, p);
+        begin = ++p;
+      }
+    }
+    handler.on_text(begin, end);
+    return;
+  }
+  struct writer {
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(const Char* pbegin, const Char* pend) {
+      if (pbegin == pend) return;
+      for (;;) {
+        const Char* p = nullptr;
+        if (!find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(pbegin, pend, '}', p))
+          return handler_.on_text(pbegin, pend);
+        ++p;
+        if (p == pend || *p != '}')
+          return handler_.on_error("unmatched '}' in format string");
+        handler_.on_text(pbegin, p);
+        pbegin = p + 1;
+      }
+    }
+    Handler& handler_;
+  } write{handler};
+  while (begin != end) {
+    // Doing two passes with memchr (one for '{' and another for '}') is up to
+    // 2.5x faster than the naive one-pass implementation on big format strings.
+    const Char* p = begin;
+    if (*begin != '{' && !find<IS_CONSTEXPR>(begin + 1, end, '{', p))
+      return write(begin, end);
+    write(begin, p);
+    begin = parse_replacement_field(p, end, handler);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename ParseContext>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_format_specs(ParseContext& ctx)
+    -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+  using char_type = typename ParseContext::char_type;
+  using context = buffer_context<char_type>;
+  using mapped_type = conditional_t<
+      mapped_type_constant<T, context>::value != type::custom_type,
+      decltype(arg_mapper<context>().map(std::declval<const T&>())), T>;
+  auto f = conditional_t<has_formatter<mapped_type, context>::value,
+                         formatter<mapped_type, char_type>,
+                         fallback_formatter<T, char_type>>();
+  return f.parse(ctx);
+}
+
+// A parse context with extra argument id checks. It is only used at compile
+// time because adding checks at runtime would introduce substantial overhead
+// and would be redundant since argument ids are checked when arguments are
+// retrieved anyway.
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler = error_handler>
+class compile_parse_context
+    : public basic_format_parse_context<Char, ErrorHandler> {
+ private:
+  int num_args_;
+  using base = basic_format_parse_context<Char, ErrorHandler>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR compile_parse_context(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, int num_args = INT_MAX,
+      ErrorHandler eh = {})
+      : base(format_str, eh), num_args_(num_args) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto next_arg_id() -> int {
+    int id = base::next_arg_id();
+    if (id >= num_args_) this->on_error("argument not found");
+    return id;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_arg_id(int id) {
+    base::check_arg_id(id);
+    if (id >= num_args_) this->on_error("argument not found");
+  }
+  using base::check_arg_id;
+};
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_int_type_spec(char spec, ErrorHandler&& eh) {
+  switch (spec) {
+  case 0:
+  case 'd':
+  case 'x':
+  case 'X':
+  case 'b':
+  case 'B':
+  case 'o':
+  case 'c':
+    break;
+  default:
+    eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Checks char specs and returns true if the type spec is char (and not int).
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler = error_handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto check_char_specs(const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                    ErrorHandler&& eh = {}) -> bool {
+  if (specs.type && specs.type != 'c') {
+    check_int_type_spec(specs.type, eh);
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (specs.align == align::numeric || specs.sign != sign::none || specs.alt)
+    eh.on_error("invalid format specifier for char");
+  return true;
+}
+
+// A floating-point presentation format.
+enum class float_format : unsigned char {
+  general,  // General: exponent notation or fixed point based on magnitude.
+  exp,      // Exponent notation with the default precision of 6, e.g. 1.2e-3.
+  fixed,    // Fixed point with the default precision of 6, e.g. 0.0012.
+  hex
+};
+
+struct float_specs {
+  int precision;
+  float_format format : 8;
+  sign_t sign : 8;
+  bool upper : 1;
+  bool locale : 1;
+  bool binary32 : 1;
+  bool use_grisu : 1;
+  bool showpoint : 1;
+};
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler = error_handler, typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse_float_type_spec(const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                         ErrorHandler&& eh = {})
+    -> float_specs {
+  auto result = float_specs();
+  result.showpoint = specs.alt;
+  result.locale = specs.localized;
+  switch (specs.type) {
+  case 0:
+    result.format = float_format::general;
+    break;
+  case 'G':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'g':
+    result.format = float_format::general;
+    break;
+  case 'E':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'e':
+    result.format = float_format::exp;
+    result.showpoint |= specs.precision != 0;
+    break;
+  case 'F':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'f':
+    result.format = float_format::fixed;
+    result.showpoint |= specs.precision != 0;
+    break;
+  case 'A':
+    result.upper = true;
+    FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+  case 'a':
+    result.format = float_format::hex;
+    break;
+  default:
+    eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+    break;
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler = error_handler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto check_cstring_type_spec(Char spec, ErrorHandler&& eh = {})
+    -> bool {
+  if (spec == 0 || spec == 's') return true;
+  if (spec != 'p') eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_string_type_spec(Char spec, ErrorHandler&& eh) {
+  if (spec != 0 && spec != 's') eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void check_pointer_type_spec(Char spec, ErrorHandler&& eh) {
+  if (spec != 0 && spec != 'p') eh.on_error("invalid type specifier");
+}
+
+// A parse_format_specs handler that checks if specifiers are consistent with
+// the argument type.
+template <typename Handler> class specs_checker : public Handler {
+ private:
+  detail::type arg_type_;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void require_numeric_argument() {
+    if (!is_arithmetic_type(arg_type_))
+      this->on_error("format specifier requires numeric argument");
+  }
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_checker(const Handler& handler, detail::type arg_type)
+      : Handler(handler), arg_type_(arg_type) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_align(align_t align) {
+    if (align == align::numeric) require_numeric_argument();
+    Handler::on_align(align);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_sign(sign_t s) {
+    require_numeric_argument();
+    if (is_integral_type(arg_type_) && arg_type_ != type::int_type &&
+        arg_type_ != type::long_long_type && arg_type_ != type::char_type) {
+      this->on_error("format specifier requires signed argument");
+    }
+    Handler::on_sign(s);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_hash() {
+    require_numeric_argument();
+    Handler::on_hash();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_localized() {
+    require_numeric_argument();
+    Handler::on_localized();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_zero() {
+    require_numeric_argument();
+    Handler::on_zero();
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void end_precision() {
+    if (is_integral_type(arg_type_) || arg_type_ == type::pointer_type)
+      this->on_error("precision not allowed for this argument type");
+  }
+};
+
+constexpr int invalid_arg_index = -1;
+
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+template <int N, typename T, typename... Args, typename Char>
+constexpr auto get_arg_index_by_name(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
+  if constexpr (detail::is_statically_named_arg<T>()) {
+    if (name == T::name) return N;
+  }
+  if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0)
+    return get_arg_index_by_name<N + 1, Args...>(name);
+  (void)name;  // Workaround an MSVC bug about "unused" parameter.
+  return invalid_arg_index;
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename... Args, typename Char>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto get_arg_index_by_name(basic_string_view<Char> name) -> int {
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+  if constexpr (sizeof...(Args) > 0)
+    return get_arg_index_by_name<0, Args...>(name);
+#endif
+  (void)name;
+  return invalid_arg_index;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename ErrorHandler, typename... Args>
+class format_string_checker {
+ private:
+  using parse_context_type = compile_parse_context<Char, ErrorHandler>;
+  enum { num_args = sizeof...(Args) };
+
+  // Format specifier parsing function.
+  using parse_func = const Char* (*)(parse_context_type&);
+
+  parse_context_type context_;
+  parse_func parse_funcs_[num_args > 0 ? num_args : 1];
+
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR format_string_checker(
+      basic_string_view<Char> format_str, ErrorHandler eh)
+      : context_(format_str, num_args, eh),
+        parse_funcs_{&parse_format_specs<Args, parse_context_type>...} {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_text(const Char*, const Char*) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id() -> int { return context_.next_arg_id(); }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(int id) -> int {
+    return context_.check_arg_id(id), id;
+  }
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) -> int {
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+    auto index = get_arg_index_by_name<Args...>(id);
+    if (index == invalid_arg_index) on_error("named argument is not found");
+    return context_.check_arg_id(index), index;
+#else
+    (void)id;
+    on_error("compile-time checks for named arguments require C++20 support");
+    return 0;
+#endif
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_replacement_field(int, const Char*) {}
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin, const Char*)
+      -> const Char* {
+    context_.advance_to(context_.begin() + (begin - &*context_.begin()));
+    // id >= 0 check is a workaround for gcc 10 bug (#2065).
+    return id >= 0 && id < num_args ? parse_funcs_[id](context_) : begin;
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    context_.on_error(message);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename... Args, typename S,
+          enable_if_t<(is_compile_string<S>::value), int>>
+void check_format_string(S format_str) {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto s = to_string_view(format_str);
+  using checker = format_string_checker<typename S::char_type, error_handler,
+                                        remove_cvref_t<Args>...>;
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR bool invalid_format =
+      (parse_format_string<true>(s, checker(s, {})), true);
+  (void)invalid_format;
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+void vformat_to(
+    buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+    basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(type_identity_t<Char>)> args,
+    detail::locale_ref loc = {});
+
+FMT_API void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args);
+#ifndef _WIN32
+inline void vprint_mojibake(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args) {}
+#endif
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// A formatter specialization for the core types corresponding to detail::type
+// constants.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct formatter<T, Char,
+                 enable_if_t<detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value !=
+                             detail::type::custom_type>> {
+ private:
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
+
+ public:
+  // Parses format specifiers stopping either at the end of the range or at the
+  // terminating '}'.
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    auto begin = ctx.begin(), end = ctx.end();
+    if (begin == end) return begin;
+    using handler_type = detail::dynamic_specs_handler<ParseContext>;
+    auto type = detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value;
+    auto checker =
+        detail::specs_checker<handler_type>(handler_type(specs_, ctx), type);
+    auto it = detail::parse_format_specs(begin, end, checker);
+    auto eh = ctx.error_handler();
+    switch (type) {
+    case detail::type::none_type:
+      FMT_ASSERT(false, "invalid argument type");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::bool_type:
+      if (!specs_.type || specs_.type == 's') break;
+      FMT_FALLTHROUGH;
+    case detail::type::int_type:
+    case detail::type::uint_type:
+    case detail::type::long_long_type:
+    case detail::type::ulong_long_type:
+    case detail::type::int128_type:
+    case detail::type::uint128_type:
+      detail::check_int_type_spec(specs_.type, eh);
+      break;
+    case detail::type::char_type:
+      detail::check_char_specs(specs_, eh);
+      break;
+    case detail::type::float_type:
+      if (detail::const_check(FMT_USE_FLOAT))
+        detail::parse_float_type_spec(specs_, eh);
+      else
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, "float support disabled");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::double_type:
+      if (detail::const_check(FMT_USE_DOUBLE))
+        detail::parse_float_type_spec(specs_, eh);
+      else
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, "double support disabled");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::long_double_type:
+      if (detail::const_check(FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE))
+        detail::parse_float_type_spec(specs_, eh);
+      else
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, "long double support disabled");
+      break;
+    case detail::type::cstring_type:
+      detail::check_cstring_type_spec(specs_.type, eh);
+      break;
+    case detail::type::string_type:
+      detail::check_string_type_spec(specs_.type, eh);
+      break;
+    case detail::type::pointer_type:
+      detail::check_pointer_type_spec(specs_.type, eh);
+      break;
+    case detail::type::custom_type:
+      // Custom format specifiers are checked in parse functions of
+      // formatter specializations.
+      break;
+    }
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out());
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct basic_runtime { basic_string_view<Char> str; };
+
+template <typename Char, typename... Args> class basic_format_string {
+ private:
+  basic_string_view<Char> str_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename S,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(
+                std::is_convertible<const S&, basic_string_view<Char>>::value)>
+#if FMT_COMPILE_TIME_CHECKS
+  consteval
+#endif
+      basic_format_string(const S& s)
+      : str_(s) {
+    static_assert(
+        detail::count<
+            (std::is_base_of<detail::view, remove_reference_t<Args>>::value &&
+             std::is_reference<Args>::value)...>() == 0,
+        "passing views as lvalues is disallowed");
+#if FMT_COMPILE_TIME_CHECKS
+    if constexpr (detail::count_named_args<Args...>() == 0) {
+      using checker = detail::format_string_checker<Char, detail::error_handler,
+                                                    remove_cvref_t<Args>...>;
+      detail::parse_format_string<true>(str_, checker(s, {}));
+    }
+#else
+    detail::check_format_string<Args...>(s);
+#endif
+  }
+  basic_format_string(basic_runtime<Char> r) : str_(r.str) {}
+
+  FMT_INLINE operator basic_string_view<Char>() const { return str_; }
+};
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+// Workaround broken conversion on older gcc.
+template <typename... Args> using format_string = string_view;
+template <typename S> auto runtime(const S& s) -> basic_string_view<char_t<S>> {
+  return s;
+}
+#else
+template <typename... Args>
+using format_string = basic_format_string<char, type_identity_t<Args>...>;
+// Creates a runtime format string.
+template <typename S> auto runtime(const S& s) -> basic_runtime<char_t<S>> {
+  return {{s}};
+}
+#endif
+
+FMT_API auto vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) -> std::string;
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and returns the result
+  as a string.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    #include <fmt/core.h>
+    std::string message = fmt::format("The answer is {}", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE auto format(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> std::string {
+  return vformat(fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+/** Formats a string and writes the output to ``out``. */
+template <typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, string_view fmt, format_args args) -> OutputIt {
+  using detail::get_buffer;
+  auto&& buf = get_buffer<char>(out);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, string_view(fmt), args);
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+/**
+ \rst
+ Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt``, writes the result to
+ the output iterator ``out`` and returns the iterator past the end of the output
+ range.
+
+ **Example**::
+
+   auto out = std::vector<char>();
+   fmt::format_to(std::back_inserter(out), "{}", 42);
+ \endrst
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE auto format_to(OutputIt out, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
+    -> OutputIt {
+  return vformat_to(out, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt> struct format_to_n_result {
+  /** Iterator past the end of the output range. */
+  OutputIt out;
+  /** Total (not truncated) output size. */
+  size_t size;
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+auto vformat_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, string_view fmt, format_args args)
+    -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
+  using buffer =
+      detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, char, detail::fixed_buffer_traits>;
+  auto buf = buffer(out, n);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args);
+  return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt``, writes up to ``n``
+  characters of the result to the output iterator ``out`` and returns the total
+  (not truncated) output size and the iterator past the end of the output range.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, format_string<T...> fmt,
+                            const T&... args) -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
+  return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+/** Returns the number of chars in the output of ``format(fmt, args...)``. */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE auto formatted_size(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> size_t {
+  auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<>();
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, string_view(fmt), fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  return buf.count();
+}
+
+FMT_API void vprint(string_view, format_args);
+FMT_API void vprint(std::FILE*, string_view, format_args);
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the output
+  to ``stdout``.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {0:.2f} seconds", 1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
+  return detail::is_utf8() ? vprint(fmt, vargs)
+                           : detail::vprint_mojibake(stdout, fmt, vargs);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the
+  output to the file ``f``.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print(stderr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_INLINE void print(std::FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_format_args(args...);
+  return detail::is_utf8() ? vprint(f, fmt, vargs)
+                           : detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt, vargs);
+}
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_GCC_PRAGMA("GCC pop_options")
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#  include "format.h"
+#endif
+#endif  // FMT_CORE_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e796bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/format-inl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2624 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - implementation
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - 2016, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
+#define FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cerrno>  // errno
+#include <climits>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstring>  // std::memmove
+#include <cwchar>
+#include <exception>
+
+#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+#  include <locale>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  include <io.h>  // _isatty
+#endif
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+FMT_FUNC void assert_fail(const char* file, int line, const char* message) {
+  // Use unchecked std::fprintf to avoid triggering another assertion when
+  // writing to stderr fails
+  std::fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d: assertion failed: %s", file, line, message);
+  // Chosen instead of std::abort to satisfy Clang in CUDA mode during device
+  // code pass.
+  std::terminate();
+}
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_SNPRINTF snprintf
+#else  // _MSC_VER
+inline int fmt_snprintf(char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ...) {
+  va_list args;
+  va_start(args, format);
+  int result = vsnprintf_s(buffer, size, _TRUNCATE, format, args);
+  va_end(args);
+  return result;
+}
+#  define FMT_SNPRINTF fmt_snprintf
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+FMT_FUNC void format_error_code(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Report error code making sure that the output fits into
+  // inline_buffer_size to avoid dynamic memory allocation and potential
+  // bad_alloc.
+  out.try_resize(0);
+  static const char SEP[] = ": ";
+  static const char ERROR_STR[] = "error ";
+  // Subtract 2 to account for terminating null characters in SEP and ERROR_STR.
+  size_t error_code_size = sizeof(SEP) + sizeof(ERROR_STR) - 2;
+  auto abs_value = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<int>>(error_code);
+  if (detail::is_negative(error_code)) {
+    abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
+    ++error_code_size;
+  }
+  error_code_size += detail::to_unsigned(detail::count_digits(abs_value));
+  auto it = buffer_appender<char>(out);
+  if (message.size() <= inline_buffer_size - error_code_size)
+    format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), message, SEP);
+  format_to(it, FMT_STRING("{}{}"), ERROR_STR, error_code);
+  FMT_ASSERT(out.size() <= inline_buffer_size, "");
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void report_error(format_func func, int error_code,
+                           const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  memory_buffer full_message;
+  func(full_message, error_code, message);
+  // Don't use fwrite_fully because the latter may throw.
+  if (std::fwrite(full_message.data(), full_message.size(), 1, stderr) > 0)
+    std::fputc('\n', stderr);
+}
+
+// A wrapper around fwrite that throws on error.
+inline void fwrite_fully(const void* ptr, size_t size, size_t count,
+                         FILE* stream) {
+  size_t written = std::fwrite(ptr, size, count, stream);
+  if (written < count) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot write to file"));
+}
+
+#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+template <typename Locale>
+locale_ref::locale_ref(const Locale& loc) : locale_(&loc) {
+  static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
+}
+
+template <typename Locale> Locale locale_ref::get() const {
+  static_assert(std::is_same<Locale, std::locale>::value, "");
+  return locale_ ? *static_cast<const std::locale*>(locale_) : std::locale();
+}
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC std::string grouping_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+  return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>()).grouping();
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+  return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>())
+      .thousands_sep();
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc) {
+  return std::use_facet<std::numpunct<Char>>(loc.get<std::locale>())
+      .decimal_point();
+}
+#else
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC std::string grouping_impl(locale_ref) {
+  return "\03";
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref) {
+  return FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR;
+}
+template <typename Char> FMT_FUNC Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref) {
+  return '.';
+}
+#endif
+}  // namespace detail
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER
+FMT_API FMT_FUNC format_error::~format_error() FMT_NOEXCEPT = default;
+#endif
+
+FMT_FUNC std::system_error vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view format_str,
+                                         format_args args) {
+  auto ec = std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category());
+  return std::system_error(ec, vformat(format_str, args));
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <> FMT_FUNC int count_digits<4>(detail::fallback_uintptr n) {
+  // fallback_uintptr is always stored in little endian.
+  int i = static_cast<int>(sizeof(void*)) - 1;
+  while (i > 0 && n.value[i] == 0) --i;
+  auto char_digits = std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits / 4;
+  return i >= 0 ? i * char_digits + count_digits<4, unsigned>(n.value[i]) : 1;
+}
+
+#if __cplusplus < 201703L
+template <typename T> constexpr const char basic_data<T>::digits[][2];
+template <typename T> constexpr const char basic_data<T>::hex_digits[];
+template <typename T> constexpr const char basic_data<T>::signs[];
+template <typename T> constexpr const unsigned basic_data<T>::prefixes[];
+template <typename T> constexpr const char basic_data<T>::left_padding_shifts[];
+template <typename T>
+constexpr const char basic_data<T>::right_padding_shifts[];
+#endif
+
+template <typename T> struct bits {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int value =
+      static_cast<int>(sizeof(T) * std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits);
+};
+
+class fp;
+template <int SHIFT = 0> fp normalize(fp value);
+
+// Lower (upper) boundary is a value half way between a floating-point value
+// and its predecessor (successor). Boundaries have the same exponent as the
+// value so only significands are stored.
+struct boundaries {
+  uint64_t lower;
+  uint64_t upper;
+};
+
+// A handmade floating-point number f * pow(2, e).
+class fp {
+ private:
+  using significand_type = uint64_t;
+
+  template <typename Float>
+  using is_supported_float = bool_constant<sizeof(Float) == sizeof(uint64_t) ||
+                                           sizeof(Float) == sizeof(uint32_t)>;
+
+ public:
+  significand_type f;
+  int e;
+
+  // All sizes are in bits.
+  // Subtract 1 to account for an implicit most significant bit in the
+  // normalized form.
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int double_significand_size =
+      std::numeric_limits<double>::digits - 1;
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const uint64_t implicit_bit =
+      1ULL << double_significand_size;
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int significand_size =
+      bits<significand_type>::value;
+
+  fp() : f(0), e(0) {}
+  fp(uint64_t f_val, int e_val) : f(f_val), e(e_val) {}
+
+  // Constructs fp from an IEEE754 double. It is a template to prevent compile
+  // errors on platforms where double is not IEEE754.
+  template <typename Double> explicit fp(Double d) { assign(d); }
+
+  // Assigns d to this and return true iff predecessor is closer than successor.
+  template <typename Float, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_supported_float<Float>::value)>
+  bool assign(Float d) {
+    // Assume float is in the format [sign][exponent][significand].
+    using limits = std::numeric_limits<Float>;
+    const int float_significand_size = limits::digits - 1;
+    const int exponent_size =
+        bits<Float>::value - float_significand_size - 1;  // -1 for sign
+    const uint64_t float_implicit_bit = 1ULL << float_significand_size;
+    const uint64_t significand_mask = float_implicit_bit - 1;
+    const uint64_t exponent_mask = (~0ULL >> 1) & ~significand_mask;
+    const int exponent_bias = (1 << exponent_size) - limits::max_exponent - 1;
+    constexpr bool is_double = sizeof(Float) == sizeof(uint64_t);
+    auto u = bit_cast<conditional_t<is_double, uint64_t, uint32_t>>(d);
+    f = u & significand_mask;
+    int biased_e =
+        static_cast<int>((u & exponent_mask) >> float_significand_size);
+    // Predecessor is closer if d is a normalized power of 2 (f == 0) other than
+    // the smallest normalized number (biased_e > 1).
+    bool is_predecessor_closer = f == 0 && biased_e > 1;
+    if (biased_e != 0)
+      f += float_implicit_bit;
+    else
+      biased_e = 1;  // Subnormals use biased exponent 1 (min exponent).
+    e = biased_e - exponent_bias - float_significand_size;
+    return is_predecessor_closer;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Float, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_supported_float<Float>::value)>
+  bool assign(Float) {
+    *this = fp();
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+// Normalizes the value converted from double and multiplied by (1 << SHIFT).
+template <int SHIFT> fp normalize(fp value) {
+  // Handle subnormals.
+  const auto shifted_implicit_bit = fp::implicit_bit << SHIFT;
+  while ((value.f & shifted_implicit_bit) == 0) {
+    value.f <<= 1;
+    --value.e;
+  }
+  // Subtract 1 to account for hidden bit.
+  const auto offset =
+      fp::significand_size - fp::double_significand_size - SHIFT - 1;
+  value.f <<= offset;
+  value.e -= offset;
+  return value;
+}
+
+inline bool operator==(fp x, fp y) { return x.f == y.f && x.e == y.e; }
+
+// Computes lhs * rhs / pow(2, 64) rounded to nearest with half-up tie breaking.
+inline uint64_t multiply(uint64_t lhs, uint64_t rhs) {
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  auto product = static_cast<__uint128_t>(lhs) * rhs;
+  auto f = static_cast<uint64_t>(product >> 64);
+  return (static_cast<uint64_t>(product) & (1ULL << 63)) != 0 ? f + 1 : f;
+#else
+  // Multiply 32-bit parts of significands.
+  uint64_t mask = (1ULL << 32) - 1;
+  uint64_t a = lhs >> 32, b = lhs & mask;
+  uint64_t c = rhs >> 32, d = rhs & mask;
+  uint64_t ac = a * c, bc = b * c, ad = a * d, bd = b * d;
+  // Compute mid 64-bit of result and round.
+  uint64_t mid = (bd >> 32) + (ad & mask) + (bc & mask) + (1U << 31);
+  return ac + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32) + (mid >> 32);
+#endif
+}
+
+inline fp operator*(fp x, fp y) { return {multiply(x.f, y.f), x.e + y.e + 64}; }
+
+// Returns a cached power of 10 `c_k = c_k.f * pow(2, c_k.e)` such that its
+// (binary) exponent satisfies `min_exponent <= c_k.e <= min_exponent + 28`.
+inline fp get_cached_power(int min_exponent, int& pow10_exponent) {
+  // Normalized 64-bit significands of pow(10, k), for k = -348, -340, ..., 340.
+  // These are generated by support/compute-powers.py.
+  static constexpr const uint64_t pow10_significands[] = {
+      0xfa8fd5a0081c0288, 0xbaaee17fa23ebf76, 0x8b16fb203055ac76,
+      0xcf42894a5dce35ea, 0x9a6bb0aa55653b2d, 0xe61acf033d1a45df,
+      0xab70fe17c79ac6ca, 0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0xbe5691ef416bd60c,
+      0x8dd01fad907ffc3c, 0xd3515c2831559a83, 0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5,
+      0xea9c227723ee8bcb, 0xaecc49914078536d, 0x823c12795db6ce57,
+      0xc21094364dfb5637, 0x9096ea6f3848984f, 0xd77485cb25823ac7,
+      0xa086cfcd97bf97f4, 0xef340a98172aace5, 0xb23867fb2a35b28e,
+      0x84c8d4dfd2c63f3b, 0xc5dd44271ad3cdba, 0x936b9fcebb25c996,
+      0xdbac6c247d62a584, 0xa3ab66580d5fdaf6, 0xf3e2f893dec3f126,
+      0xb5b5ada8aaff80b8, 0x87625f056c7c4a8b, 0xc9bcff6034c13053,
+      0x964e858c91ba2655, 0xdff9772470297ebd, 0xa6dfbd9fb8e5b88f,
+      0xf8a95fcf88747d94, 0xb94470938fa89bcf, 0x8a08f0f8bf0f156b,
+      0xcdb02555653131b6, 0x993fe2c6d07b7fac, 0xe45c10c42a2b3b06,
+      0xaa242499697392d3, 0xfd87b5f28300ca0e, 0xbce5086492111aeb,
+      0x8cbccc096f5088cc, 0xd1b71758e219652c, 0x9c40000000000000,
+      0xe8d4a51000000000, 0xad78ebc5ac620000, 0x813f3978f8940984,
+      0xc097ce7bc90715b3, 0x8f7e32ce7bea5c70, 0xd5d238a4abe98068,
+      0x9f4f2726179a2245, 0xed63a231d4c4fb27, 0xb0de65388cc8ada8,
+      0x83c7088e1aab65db, 0xc45d1df942711d9a, 0x924d692ca61be758,
+      0xda01ee641a708dea, 0xa26da3999aef774a, 0xf209787bb47d6b85,
+      0xb454e4a179dd1877, 0x865b86925b9bc5c2, 0xc83553c5c8965d3d,
+      0x952ab45cfa97a0b3, 0xde469fbd99a05fe3, 0xa59bc234db398c25,
+      0xf6c69a72a3989f5c, 0xb7dcbf5354e9bece, 0x88fcf317f22241e2,
+      0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5, 0x98165af37b2153df, 0xe2a0b5dc971f303a,
+      0xa8d9d1535ce3b396, 0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443c, 0xbb764c4ca7a44410,
+      0x8bab8eefb6409c1a, 0xd01fef10a657842c, 0x9b10a4e5e9913129,
+      0xe7109bfba19c0c9d, 0xac2820d9623bf429, 0x80444b5e7aa7cf85,
+      0xbf21e44003acdd2d, 0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f, 0xd433179d9c8cb841,
+      0x9e19db92b4e31ba9, 0xeb96bf6ebadf77d9, 0xaf87023b9bf0ee6b,
+  };
+
+  // Binary exponents of pow(10, k), for k = -348, -340, ..., 340, corresponding
+  // to significands above.
+  static constexpr const int16_t pow10_exponents[] = {
+      -1220, -1193, -1166, -1140, -1113, -1087, -1060, -1034, -1007, -980, -954,
+      -927,  -901,  -874,  -847,  -821,  -794,  -768,  -741,  -715,  -688, -661,
+      -635,  -608,  -582,  -555,  -529,  -502,  -475,  -449,  -422,  -396, -369,
+      -343,  -316,  -289,  -263,  -236,  -210,  -183,  -157,  -130,  -103, -77,
+      -50,   -24,   3,     30,    56,    83,    109,   136,   162,   189,  216,
+      242,   269,   295,   322,   348,   375,   402,   428,   455,   481,  508,
+      534,   561,   588,   614,   641,   667,   694,   720,   747,   774,  800,
+      827,   853,   880,   907,   933,   960,   986,   1013,  1039,  1066};
+
+  const int shift = 32;
+  const auto significand = static_cast<int64_t>(data::log10_2_significand);
+  int index = static_cast<int>(
+      ((min_exponent + fp::significand_size - 1) * (significand >> shift) +
+       ((int64_t(1) << shift) - 1))  // ceil
+      >> 32                          // arithmetic shift
+  );
+  // Decimal exponent of the first (smallest) cached power of 10.
+  const int first_dec_exp = -348;
+  // Difference between 2 consecutive decimal exponents in cached powers of 10.
+  const int dec_exp_step = 8;
+  index = (index - first_dec_exp - 1) / dec_exp_step + 1;
+  pow10_exponent = first_dec_exp + index * dec_exp_step;
+  return {pow10_significands[index], pow10_exponents[index]};
+}
+
+// A simple accumulator to hold the sums of terms in bigint::square if uint128_t
+// is not available.
+struct accumulator {
+  uint64_t lower;
+  uint64_t upper;
+
+  accumulator() : lower(0), upper(0) {}
+  explicit operator uint32_t() const { return static_cast<uint32_t>(lower); }
+
+  void operator+=(uint64_t n) {
+    lower += n;
+    if (lower < n) ++upper;
+  }
+  void operator>>=(int shift) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(shift == 32, "");
+    (void)shift;
+    lower = (upper << 32) | (lower >> 32);
+    upper >>= 32;
+  }
+};
+
+class bigint {
+ private:
+  // A bigint is stored as an array of bigits (big digits), with bigit at index
+  // 0 being the least significant one.
+  using bigit = uint32_t;
+  using double_bigit = uint64_t;
+  enum { bigits_capacity = 32 };
+  basic_memory_buffer<bigit, bigits_capacity> bigits_;
+  int exp_;
+
+  bigit operator[](int index) const { return bigits_[to_unsigned(index)]; }
+  bigit& operator[](int index) { return bigits_[to_unsigned(index)]; }
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const int bigit_bits = bits<bigit>::value;
+
+  friend struct formatter<bigint>;
+
+  void subtract_bigits(int index, bigit other, bigit& borrow) {
+    auto result = static_cast<double_bigit>((*this)[index]) - other - borrow;
+    (*this)[index] = static_cast<bigit>(result);
+    borrow = static_cast<bigit>(result >> (bigit_bits * 2 - 1));
+  }
+
+  void remove_leading_zeros() {
+    int num_bigits = static_cast<int>(bigits_.size()) - 1;
+    while (num_bigits > 0 && (*this)[num_bigits] == 0) --num_bigits;
+    bigits_.resize(to_unsigned(num_bigits + 1));
+  }
+
+  // Computes *this -= other assuming aligned bigints and *this >= other.
+  void subtract_aligned(const bigint& other) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(other.exp_ >= exp_, "unaligned bigints");
+    FMT_ASSERT(compare(*this, other) >= 0, "");
+    bigit borrow = 0;
+    int i = other.exp_ - exp_;
+    for (size_t j = 0, n = other.bigits_.size(); j != n; ++i, ++j)
+      subtract_bigits(i, other.bigits_[j], borrow);
+    while (borrow > 0) subtract_bigits(i, 0, borrow);
+    remove_leading_zeros();
+  }
+
+  void multiply(uint32_t value) {
+    const double_bigit wide_value = value;
+    bigit carry = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = bigits_.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+      double_bigit result = bigits_[i] * wide_value + carry;
+      bigits_[i] = static_cast<bigit>(result);
+      carry = static_cast<bigit>(result >> bigit_bits);
+    }
+    if (carry != 0) bigits_.push_back(carry);
+  }
+
+  void multiply(uint64_t value) {
+    const bigit mask = ~bigit(0);
+    const double_bigit lower = value & mask;
+    const double_bigit upper = value >> bigit_bits;
+    double_bigit carry = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = bigits_.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+      double_bigit result = bigits_[i] * lower + (carry & mask);
+      carry =
+          bigits_[i] * upper + (result >> bigit_bits) + (carry >> bigit_bits);
+      bigits_[i] = static_cast<bigit>(result);
+    }
+    while (carry != 0) {
+      bigits_.push_back(carry & mask);
+      carry >>= bigit_bits;
+    }
+  }
+
+ public:
+  bigint() : exp_(0) {}
+  explicit bigint(uint64_t n) { assign(n); }
+  ~bigint() { FMT_ASSERT(bigits_.capacity() <= bigits_capacity, ""); }
+
+  bigint(const bigint&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const bigint&) = delete;
+
+  void assign(const bigint& other) {
+    auto size = other.bigits_.size();
+    bigits_.resize(size);
+    auto data = other.bigits_.data();
+    std::copy(data, data + size, make_checked(bigits_.data(), size));
+    exp_ = other.exp_;
+  }
+
+  void assign(uint64_t n) {
+    size_t num_bigits = 0;
+    do {
+      bigits_[num_bigits++] = n & ~bigit(0);
+      n >>= bigit_bits;
+    } while (n != 0);
+    bigits_.resize(num_bigits);
+    exp_ = 0;
+  }
+
+  int num_bigits() const { return static_cast<int>(bigits_.size()) + exp_; }
+
+  FMT_NOINLINE bigint& operator<<=(int shift) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(shift >= 0, "");
+    exp_ += shift / bigit_bits;
+    shift %= bigit_bits;
+    if (shift == 0) return *this;
+    bigit carry = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0, n = bigits_.size(); i < n; ++i) {
+      bigit c = bigits_[i] >> (bigit_bits - shift);
+      bigits_[i] = (bigits_[i] << shift) + carry;
+      carry = c;
+    }
+    if (carry != 0) bigits_.push_back(carry);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Int> bigint& operator*=(Int value) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(value > 0, "");
+    multiply(uint32_or_64_or_128_t<Int>(value));
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  friend int compare(const bigint& lhs, const bigint& rhs) {
+    int num_lhs_bigits = lhs.num_bigits(), num_rhs_bigits = rhs.num_bigits();
+    if (num_lhs_bigits != num_rhs_bigits)
+      return num_lhs_bigits > num_rhs_bigits ? 1 : -1;
+    int i = static_cast<int>(lhs.bigits_.size()) - 1;
+    int j = static_cast<int>(rhs.bigits_.size()) - 1;
+    int end = i - j;
+    if (end < 0) end = 0;
+    for (; i >= end; --i, --j) {
+      bigit lhs_bigit = lhs[i], rhs_bigit = rhs[j];
+      if (lhs_bigit != rhs_bigit) return lhs_bigit > rhs_bigit ? 1 : -1;
+    }
+    if (i != j) return i > j ? 1 : -1;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Returns compare(lhs1 + lhs2, rhs).
+  friend int add_compare(const bigint& lhs1, const bigint& lhs2,
+                         const bigint& rhs) {
+    int max_lhs_bigits = (std::max)(lhs1.num_bigits(), lhs2.num_bigits());
+    int num_rhs_bigits = rhs.num_bigits();
+    if (max_lhs_bigits + 1 < num_rhs_bigits) return -1;
+    if (max_lhs_bigits > num_rhs_bigits) return 1;
+    auto get_bigit = [](const bigint& n, int i) -> bigit {
+      return i >= n.exp_ && i < n.num_bigits() ? n[i - n.exp_] : 0;
+    };
+    double_bigit borrow = 0;
+    int min_exp = (std::min)((std::min)(lhs1.exp_, lhs2.exp_), rhs.exp_);
+    for (int i = num_rhs_bigits - 1; i >= min_exp; --i) {
+      double_bigit sum =
+          static_cast<double_bigit>(get_bigit(lhs1, i)) + get_bigit(lhs2, i);
+      bigit rhs_bigit = get_bigit(rhs, i);
+      if (sum > rhs_bigit + borrow) return 1;
+      borrow = rhs_bigit + borrow - sum;
+      if (borrow > 1) return -1;
+      borrow <<= bigit_bits;
+    }
+    return borrow != 0 ? -1 : 0;
+  }
+
+  // Assigns pow(10, exp) to this bigint.
+  void assign_pow10(int exp) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(exp >= 0, "");
+    if (exp == 0) return assign(1);
+    // Find the top bit.
+    int bitmask = 1;
+    while (exp >= bitmask) bitmask <<= 1;
+    bitmask >>= 1;
+    // pow(10, exp) = pow(5, exp) * pow(2, exp). First compute pow(5, exp) by
+    // repeated squaring and multiplication.
+    assign(5);
+    bitmask >>= 1;
+    while (bitmask != 0) {
+      square();
+      if ((exp & bitmask) != 0) *this *= 5;
+      bitmask >>= 1;
+    }
+    *this <<= exp;  // Multiply by pow(2, exp) by shifting.
+  }
+
+  void square() {
+    int num_bigits = static_cast<int>(bigits_.size());
+    int num_result_bigits = 2 * num_bigits;
+    basic_memory_buffer<bigit, bigits_capacity> n(std::move(bigits_));
+    bigits_.resize(to_unsigned(num_result_bigits));
+    using accumulator_t = conditional_t<FMT_USE_INT128, uint128_t, accumulator>;
+    auto sum = accumulator_t();
+    for (int bigit_index = 0; bigit_index < num_bigits; ++bigit_index) {
+      // Compute bigit at position bigit_index of the result by adding
+      // cross-product terms n[i] * n[j] such that i + j == bigit_index.
+      for (int i = 0, j = bigit_index; j >= 0; ++i, --j) {
+        // Most terms are multiplied twice which can be optimized in the future.
+        sum += static_cast<double_bigit>(n[i]) * n[j];
+      }
+      (*this)[bigit_index] = static_cast<bigit>(sum);
+      sum >>= bits<bigit>::value;  // Compute the carry.
+    }
+    // Do the same for the top half.
+    for (int bigit_index = num_bigits; bigit_index < num_result_bigits;
+         ++bigit_index) {
+      for (int j = num_bigits - 1, i = bigit_index - j; i < num_bigits;)
+        sum += static_cast<double_bigit>(n[i++]) * n[j--];
+      (*this)[bigit_index] = static_cast<bigit>(sum);
+      sum >>= bits<bigit>::value;
+    }
+    --num_result_bigits;
+    remove_leading_zeros();
+    exp_ *= 2;
+  }
+
+  // If this bigint has a bigger exponent than other, adds trailing zero to make
+  // exponents equal. This simplifies some operations such as subtraction.
+  void align(const bigint& other) {
+    int exp_difference = exp_ - other.exp_;
+    if (exp_difference <= 0) return;
+    int num_bigits = static_cast<int>(bigits_.size());
+    bigits_.resize(to_unsigned(num_bigits + exp_difference));
+    for (int i = num_bigits - 1, j = i + exp_difference; i >= 0; --i, --j)
+      bigits_[j] = bigits_[i];
+    std::uninitialized_fill_n(bigits_.data(), exp_difference, 0);
+    exp_ -= exp_difference;
+  }
+
+  // Divides this bignum by divisor, assigning the remainder to this and
+  // returning the quotient.
+  int divmod_assign(const bigint& divisor) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(this != &divisor, "");
+    if (compare(*this, divisor) < 0) return 0;
+    FMT_ASSERT(divisor.bigits_[divisor.bigits_.size() - 1u] != 0, "");
+    align(divisor);
+    int quotient = 0;
+    do {
+      subtract_aligned(divisor);
+      ++quotient;
+    } while (compare(*this, divisor) >= 0);
+    return quotient;
+  }
+};
+
+enum class round_direction { unknown, up, down };
+
+// Given the divisor (normally a power of 10), the remainder = v % divisor for
+// some number v and the error, returns whether v should be rounded up, down, or
+// whether the rounding direction can't be determined due to error.
+// error should be less than divisor / 2.
+inline round_direction get_round_direction(uint64_t divisor, uint64_t remainder,
+                                           uint64_t error) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(remainder < divisor, "");  // divisor - remainder won't overflow.
+  FMT_ASSERT(error < divisor, "");      // divisor - error won't overflow.
+  FMT_ASSERT(error < divisor - error, "");  // error * 2 won't overflow.
+  // Round down if (remainder + error) * 2 <= divisor.
+  if (remainder <= divisor - remainder && error * 2 <= divisor - remainder * 2)
+    return round_direction::down;
+  // Round up if (remainder - error) * 2 >= divisor.
+  if (remainder >= error &&
+      remainder - error >= divisor - (remainder - error)) {
+    return round_direction::up;
+  }
+  return round_direction::unknown;
+}
+
+namespace digits {
+enum result {
+  more,  // Generate more digits.
+  done,  // Done generating digits.
+  error  // Digit generation cancelled due to an error.
+};
+}
+
+inline uint64_t power_of_10_64(int exp) {
+  static constexpr const uint64_t data[] = {1, FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1),
+                                            FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1000000000ULL),
+                                            10000000000000000000ULL};
+  return data[exp];
+}
+
+// Generates output using the Grisu digit-gen algorithm.
+// error: the size of the region (lower, upper) outside of which numbers
+// definitely do not round to value (Delta in Grisu3).
+template <typename Handler>
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE digits::result grisu_gen_digits(fp value, uint64_t error,
+                                                  int& exp, Handler& handler) {
+  const fp one(1ULL << -value.e, value.e);
+  // The integral part of scaled value (p1 in Grisu) = value / one. It cannot be
+  // zero because it contains a product of two 64-bit numbers with MSB set (due
+  // to normalization) - 1, shifted right by at most 60 bits.
+  auto integral = static_cast<uint32_t>(value.f >> -one.e);
+  FMT_ASSERT(integral != 0, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(integral == value.f >> -one.e, "");
+  // The fractional part of scaled value (p2 in Grisu) c = value % one.
+  uint64_t fractional = value.f & (one.f - 1);
+  exp = count_digits(integral);  // kappa in Grisu.
+  // Divide by 10 to prevent overflow.
+  auto result = handler.on_start(power_of_10_64(exp - 1) << -one.e,
+                                 value.f / 10, error * 10, exp);
+  if (result != digits::more) return result;
+  // Generate digits for the integral part. This can produce up to 10 digits.
+  do {
+    uint32_t digit = 0;
+    auto divmod_integral = [&](uint32_t divisor) {
+      digit = integral / divisor;
+      integral %= divisor;
+    };
+    // This optimization by Milo Yip reduces the number of integer divisions by
+    // one per iteration.
+    switch (exp) {
+    case 10:
+      divmod_integral(1000000000);
+      break;
+    case 9:
+      divmod_integral(100000000);
+      break;
+    case 8:
+      divmod_integral(10000000);
+      break;
+    case 7:
+      divmod_integral(1000000);
+      break;
+    case 6:
+      divmod_integral(100000);
+      break;
+    case 5:
+      divmod_integral(10000);
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      divmod_integral(1000);
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      divmod_integral(100);
+      break;
+    case 2:
+      divmod_integral(10);
+      break;
+    case 1:
+      digit = integral;
+      integral = 0;
+      break;
+    default:
+      FMT_ASSERT(false, "invalid number of digits");
+    }
+    --exp;
+    auto remainder = (static_cast<uint64_t>(integral) << -one.e) + fractional;
+    result = handler.on_digit(static_cast<char>('0' + digit),
+                              power_of_10_64(exp) << -one.e, remainder, error,
+                              exp, true);
+    if (result != digits::more) return result;
+  } while (exp > 0);
+  // Generate digits for the fractional part.
+  for (;;) {
+    fractional *= 10;
+    error *= 10;
+    char digit = static_cast<char>('0' + (fractional >> -one.e));
+    fractional &= one.f - 1;
+    --exp;
+    result = handler.on_digit(digit, one.f, fractional, error, exp, false);
+    if (result != digits::more) return result;
+  }
+}
+
+// The fixed precision digit handler.
+struct fixed_handler {
+  char* buf;
+  int size;
+  int precision;
+  int exp10;
+  bool fixed;
+
+  digits::result on_start(uint64_t divisor, uint64_t remainder, uint64_t error,
+                          int& exp) {
+    // Non-fixed formats require at least one digit and no precision adjustment.
+    if (!fixed) return digits::more;
+    // Adjust fixed precision by exponent because it is relative to decimal
+    // point.
+    precision += exp + exp10;
+    // Check if precision is satisfied just by leading zeros, e.g.
+    // format("{:.2f}", 0.001) gives "0.00" without generating any digits.
+    if (precision > 0) return digits::more;
+    if (precision < 0) return digits::done;
+    auto dir = get_round_direction(divisor, remainder, error);
+    if (dir == round_direction::unknown) return digits::error;
+    buf[size++] = dir == round_direction::up ? '1' : '0';
+    return digits::done;
+  }
+
+  digits::result on_digit(char digit, uint64_t divisor, uint64_t remainder,
+                          uint64_t error, int, bool integral) {
+    FMT_ASSERT(remainder < divisor, "");
+    buf[size++] = digit;
+    if (!integral && error >= remainder) return digits::error;
+    if (size < precision) return digits::more;
+    if (!integral) {
+      // Check if error * 2 < divisor with overflow prevention.
+      // The check is not needed for the integral part because error = 1
+      // and divisor > (1 << 32) there.
+      if (error >= divisor || error >= divisor - error) return digits::error;
+    } else {
+      FMT_ASSERT(error == 1 && divisor > 2, "");
+    }
+    auto dir = get_round_direction(divisor, remainder, error);
+    if (dir != round_direction::up)
+      return dir == round_direction::down ? digits::done : digits::error;
+    ++buf[size - 1];
+    for (int i = size - 1; i > 0 && buf[i] > '9'; --i) {
+      buf[i] = '0';
+      ++buf[i - 1];
+    }
+    if (buf[0] > '9') {
+      buf[0] = '1';
+      if (fixed)
+        buf[size++] = '0';
+      else
+        ++exp10;
+    }
+    return digits::done;
+  }
+};
+
+// A 128-bit integer type used internally,
+struct uint128_wrapper {
+  uint128_wrapper() = default;
+
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  uint128_t internal_;
+
+  constexpr uint128_wrapper(uint64_t high, uint64_t low) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : internal_{static_cast<uint128_t>(low) |
+                  (static_cast<uint128_t>(high) << 64)} {}
+
+  constexpr uint128_wrapper(uint128_t u) : internal_{u} {}
+
+  constexpr uint64_t high() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return uint64_t(internal_ >> 64);
+  }
+  constexpr uint64_t low() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return uint64_t(internal_); }
+
+  uint128_wrapper& operator+=(uint64_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    internal_ += n;
+    return *this;
+  }
+#else
+  uint64_t high_;
+  uint64_t low_;
+
+  constexpr uint128_wrapper(uint64_t high, uint64_t low) FMT_NOEXCEPT
+      : high_{high},
+        low_{low} {}
+
+  constexpr uint64_t high() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return high_; }
+  constexpr uint64_t low() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return low_; }
+
+  uint128_wrapper& operator+=(uint64_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#  if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
+    unsigned char carry = _addcarry_u64(0, low_, n, &low_);
+    _addcarry_u64(carry, high_, 0, &high_);
+    return *this;
+#  else
+    uint64_t sum = low_ + n;
+    high_ += (sum < low_ ? 1 : 0);
+    low_ = sum;
+    return *this;
+#  endif
+  }
+#endif
+};
+
+// Implementation of Dragonbox algorithm: https://github.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox.
+namespace dragonbox {
+// Computes 128-bit result of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
+inline uint128_wrapper umul128(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  return static_cast<uint128_t>(x) * static_cast<uint128_t>(y);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
+  uint128_wrapper result;
+  result.low_ = _umul128(x, y, &result.high_);
+  return result;
+#else
+  const uint64_t mask = (uint64_t(1) << 32) - uint64_t(1);
+
+  uint64_t a = x >> 32;
+  uint64_t b = x & mask;
+  uint64_t c = y >> 32;
+  uint64_t d = y & mask;
+
+  uint64_t ac = a * c;
+  uint64_t bc = b * c;
+  uint64_t ad = a * d;
+  uint64_t bd = b * d;
+
+  uint64_t intermediate = (bd >> 32) + (ad & mask) + (bc & mask);
+
+  return {ac + (intermediate >> 32) + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32),
+          (intermediate << 32) + (bd & mask)};
+#endif
+}
+
+// Computes upper 64 bits of multiplication of two 64-bit unsigned integers.
+inline uint64_t umul128_upper64(uint64_t x, uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+  auto p = static_cast<uint128_t>(x) * static_cast<uint128_t>(y);
+  return static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_X64)
+  return __umulh(x, y);
+#else
+  return umul128(x, y).high();
+#endif
+}
+
+// Computes upper 64 bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 128-bit unsigned integer.
+inline uint64_t umul192_upper64(uint64_t x, uint128_wrapper y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  uint128_wrapper g0 = umul128(x, y.high());
+  g0 += umul128_upper64(x, y.low());
+  return g0.high();
+}
+
+// Computes upper 32 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 64-bit unsigned integer.
+inline uint32_t umul96_upper32(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return static_cast<uint32_t>(umul128_upper64(x, y));
+}
+
+// Computes middle 64 bits of multiplication of a 64-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 128-bit unsigned integer.
+inline uint64_t umul192_middle64(uint64_t x, uint128_wrapper y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  uint64_t g01 = x * y.high();
+  uint64_t g10 = umul128_upper64(x, y.low());
+  return g01 + g10;
+}
+
+// Computes lower 64 bits of multiplication of a 32-bit unsigned integer and a
+// 64-bit unsigned integer.
+inline uint64_t umul96_lower64(uint32_t x, uint64_t y) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return x * y;
+}
+
+// Computes floor(log10(pow(2, e))) for e in [-1700, 1700] using the method from
+// https://fmt.dev/papers/Grisu-Exact.pdf#page=5, section 3.4.
+inline int floor_log10_pow2(int e) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(e <= 1700 && e >= -1700, "too large exponent");
+  const int shift = 22;
+  return (e * static_cast<int>(data::log10_2_significand >> (64 - shift))) >>
+         shift;
+}
+
+// Various fast log computations.
+inline int floor_log2_pow10(int e) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(e <= 1233 && e >= -1233, "too large exponent");
+  const uint64_t log2_10_integer_part = 3;
+  const uint64_t log2_10_fractional_digits = 0x5269e12f346e2bf9;
+  const int shift_amount = 19;
+  return (e * static_cast<int>(
+                  (log2_10_integer_part << shift_amount) |
+                  (log2_10_fractional_digits >> (64 - shift_amount)))) >>
+         shift_amount;
+}
+inline int floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(int e) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(e <= 1700 && e >= -1700, "too large exponent");
+  const uint64_t log10_4_over_3_fractional_digits = 0x1ffbfc2bbc780375;
+  const int shift_amount = 22;
+  return (e * static_cast<int>(data::log10_2_significand >>
+                               (64 - shift_amount)) -
+          static_cast<int>(log10_4_over_3_fractional_digits >>
+                           (64 - shift_amount))) >>
+         shift_amount;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff x is divisible by pow(2, exp).
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_2(uint32_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp >= 1, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ
+  return FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(x) >= exp;
+#else
+  return exp < num_bits<uint32_t>() && x == ((x >> exp) << exp);
+#endif
+}
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_2(uint64_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp >= 1, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL
+  return FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(x) >= exp;
+#else
+  return exp < num_bits<uint64_t>() && x == ((x >> exp) << exp);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Table entry type for divisibility test.
+template <typename T> struct divtest_table_entry {
+  T mod_inv;
+  T max_quotient;
+};
+
+// Returns true iff x is divisible by pow(5, exp).
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_5(uint32_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp <= 10, "too large exponent");
+  static constexpr const divtest_table_entry<uint32_t> divtest_table[] = {
+      {0x00000001, 0xffffffff}, {0xcccccccd, 0x33333333},
+      {0xc28f5c29, 0x0a3d70a3}, {0x26e978d5, 0x020c49ba},
+      {0x3afb7e91, 0x0068db8b}, {0x0bcbe61d, 0x0014f8b5},
+      {0x68c26139, 0x000431bd}, {0xae8d46a5, 0x0000d6bf},
+      {0x22e90e21, 0x00002af3}, {0x3a2e9c6d, 0x00000897},
+      {0x3ed61f49, 0x000001b7}};
+  return x * divtest_table[exp].mod_inv <= divtest_table[exp].max_quotient;
+}
+inline bool divisible_by_power_of_5(uint64_t x, int exp) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_ASSERT(exp <= 23, "too large exponent");
+  static constexpr const divtest_table_entry<uint64_t> divtest_table[] = {
+      {0x0000000000000001, 0xffffffffffffffff},
+      {0xcccccccccccccccd, 0x3333333333333333},
+      {0x8f5c28f5c28f5c29, 0x0a3d70a3d70a3d70},
+      {0x1cac083126e978d5, 0x020c49ba5e353f7c},
+      {0xd288ce703afb7e91, 0x0068db8bac710cb2},
+      {0x5d4e8fb00bcbe61d, 0x0014f8b588e368f0},
+      {0x790fb65668c26139, 0x000431bde82d7b63},
+      {0xe5032477ae8d46a5, 0x0000d6bf94d5e57a},
+      {0xc767074b22e90e21, 0x00002af31dc46118},
+      {0x8e47ce423a2e9c6d, 0x0000089705f4136b},
+      {0x4fa7f60d3ed61f49, 0x000001b7cdfd9d7b},
+      {0x0fee64690c913975, 0x00000057f5ff85e5},
+      {0x3662e0e1cf503eb1, 0x000000119799812d},
+      {0xa47a2cf9f6433fbd, 0x0000000384b84d09},
+      {0x54186f653140a659, 0x00000000b424dc35},
+      {0x7738164770402145, 0x0000000024075f3d},
+      {0xe4a4d1417cd9a041, 0x000000000734aca5},
+      {0xc75429d9e5c5200d, 0x000000000170ef54},
+      {0xc1773b91fac10669, 0x000000000049c977},
+      {0x26b172506559ce15, 0x00000000000ec1e4},
+      {0xd489e3a9addec2d1, 0x000000000002f394},
+      {0x90e860bb892c8d5d, 0x000000000000971d},
+      {0x502e79bf1b6f4f79, 0x0000000000001e39},
+      {0xdcd618596be30fe5, 0x000000000000060b}};
+  return x * divtest_table[exp].mod_inv <= divtest_table[exp].max_quotient;
+}
+
+// Replaces n by floor(n / pow(5, N)) returning true if and only if n is
+// divisible by pow(5, N).
+// Precondition: n <= 2 * pow(5, N + 1).
+template <int N>
+bool check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow5(uint32_t& n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  static constexpr struct {
+    uint32_t magic_number;
+    int bits_for_comparison;
+    uint32_t threshold;
+    int shift_amount;
+  } infos[] = {{0xcccd, 16, 0x3333, 18}, {0xa429, 8, 0x0a, 20}};
+  constexpr auto info = infos[N - 1];
+  n *= info.magic_number;
+  const uint32_t comparison_mask = (1u << info.bits_for_comparison) - 1;
+  bool result = (n & comparison_mask) <= info.threshold;
+  n >>= info.shift_amount;
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Computes floor(n / pow(10, N)) for small n and N.
+// Precondition: n <= pow(10, N + 1).
+template <int N> uint32_t small_division_by_pow10(uint32_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  static constexpr struct {
+    uint32_t magic_number;
+    int shift_amount;
+    uint32_t divisor_times_10;
+  } infos[] = {{0xcccd, 19, 100}, {0xa3d8, 22, 1000}};
+  constexpr auto info = infos[N - 1];
+  FMT_ASSERT(n <= info.divisor_times_10, "n is too large");
+  return n * info.magic_number >> info.shift_amount;
+}
+
+// Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (float)
+inline uint32_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint32_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return n / float_info<float>::big_divisor;
+}
+// Computes floor(n / 10^(kappa + 1)) (double)
+inline uint64_t divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(uint64_t n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return umul128_upper64(n, 0x83126e978d4fdf3c) >> 9;
+}
+
+// Various subroutines using pow10 cache
+template <class T> struct cache_accessor;
+
+template <> struct cache_accessor<float> {
+  using carrier_uint = float_info<float>::carrier_uint;
+  using cache_entry_type = uint64_t;
+
+  static uint64_t get_cached_power(int k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<float>::min_k && k <= float_info<float>::max_k,
+               "k is out of range");
+    constexpr const uint64_t pow10_significands[] = {
+        0x81ceb32c4b43fcf5, 0xa2425ff75e14fc32, 0xcad2f7f5359a3b3f,
+        0xfd87b5f28300ca0e, 0x9e74d1b791e07e49, 0xc612062576589ddb,
+        0xf79687aed3eec552, 0x9abe14cd44753b53, 0xc16d9a0095928a28,
+        0xf1c90080baf72cb2, 0x971da05074da7bef, 0xbce5086492111aeb,
+        0xec1e4a7db69561a6, 0x9392ee8e921d5d08, 0xb877aa3236a4b44a,
+        0xe69594bec44de15c, 0x901d7cf73ab0acda, 0xb424dc35095cd810,
+        0xe12e13424bb40e14, 0x8cbccc096f5088cc, 0xafebff0bcb24aaff,
+        0xdbe6fecebdedd5bf, 0x89705f4136b4a598, 0xabcc77118461cefd,
+        0xd6bf94d5e57a42bd, 0x8637bd05af6c69b6, 0xa7c5ac471b478424,
+        0xd1b71758e219652c, 0x83126e978d4fdf3c, 0xa3d70a3d70a3d70b,
+        0xcccccccccccccccd, 0x8000000000000000, 0xa000000000000000,
+        0xc800000000000000, 0xfa00000000000000, 0x9c40000000000000,
+        0xc350000000000000, 0xf424000000000000, 0x9896800000000000,
+        0xbebc200000000000, 0xee6b280000000000, 0x9502f90000000000,
+        0xba43b74000000000, 0xe8d4a51000000000, 0x9184e72a00000000,
+        0xb5e620f480000000, 0xe35fa931a0000000, 0x8e1bc9bf04000000,
+        0xb1a2bc2ec5000000, 0xde0b6b3a76400000, 0x8ac7230489e80000,
+        0xad78ebc5ac620000, 0xd8d726b7177a8000, 0x878678326eac9000,
+        0xa968163f0a57b400, 0xd3c21bcecceda100, 0x84595161401484a0,
+        0xa56fa5b99019a5c8, 0xcecb8f27f4200f3a, 0x813f3978f8940984,
+        0xa18f07d736b90be5, 0xc9f2c9cd04674ede, 0xfc6f7c4045812296,
+        0x9dc5ada82b70b59d, 0xc5371912364ce305, 0xf684df56c3e01bc6,
+        0x9a130b963a6c115c, 0xc097ce7bc90715b3, 0xf0bdc21abb48db20,
+        0x96769950b50d88f4, 0xbc143fa4e250eb31, 0xeb194f8e1ae525fd,
+        0x92efd1b8d0cf37be, 0xb7abc627050305ad, 0xe596b7b0c643c719,
+        0x8f7e32ce7bea5c6f, 0xb35dbf821ae4f38b, 0xe0352f62a19e306e};
+    return pow10_significands[k - float_info<float>::min_k];
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
+                                  const cache_entry_type& cache) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return umul96_upper32(u, cache);
+  }
+
+  static uint32_t compute_delta(const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache >> (64 - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static bool compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 >= 1, "");
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 < 64, "");
+
+    return ((umul96_lower64(two_f, cache) >> (64 - beta_minus_1)) & 1) != 0;
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
+        (cache - (cache >> (float_info<float>::significand_bits + 2))) >>
+        (64 - float_info<float>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<carrier_uint>(
+        (cache + (cache >> (float_info<float>::significand_bits + 1))) >>
+        (64 - float_info<float>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return (static_cast<carrier_uint>(
+                cache >>
+                (64 - float_info<float>::significand_bits - 2 - beta_minus_1)) +
+            1) /
+           2;
+  }
+};
+
+template <> struct cache_accessor<double> {
+  using carrier_uint = float_info<double>::carrier_uint;
+  using cache_entry_type = uint128_wrapper;
+
+  static uint128_wrapper get_cached_power(int k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(k >= float_info<double>::min_k && k <= float_info<double>::max_k,
+               "k is out of range");
+
+    static constexpr const uint128_wrapper pow10_significands[] = {
+#if FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+      {0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b},
+      {0x9faacf3df73609b1, 0x77b191618c54e9ad},
+      {0xc795830d75038c1d, 0xd59df5b9ef6a2418},
+      {0xf97ae3d0d2446f25, 0x4b0573286b44ad1e},
+      {0x9becce62836ac577, 0x4ee367f9430aec33},
+      {0xc2e801fb244576d5, 0x229c41f793cda740},
+      {0xf3a20279ed56d48a, 0x6b43527578c11110},
+      {0x9845418c345644d6, 0x830a13896b78aaaa},
+      {0xbe5691ef416bd60c, 0x23cc986bc656d554},
+      {0xedec366b11c6cb8f, 0x2cbfbe86b7ec8aa9},
+      {0x94b3a202eb1c3f39, 0x7bf7d71432f3d6aa},
+      {0xb9e08a83a5e34f07, 0xdaf5ccd93fb0cc54},
+      {0xe858ad248f5c22c9, 0xd1b3400f8f9cff69},
+      {0x91376c36d99995be, 0x23100809b9c21fa2},
+      {0xb58547448ffffb2d, 0xabd40a0c2832a78b},
+      {0xe2e69915b3fff9f9, 0x16c90c8f323f516d},
+      {0x8dd01fad907ffc3b, 0xae3da7d97f6792e4},
+      {0xb1442798f49ffb4a, 0x99cd11cfdf41779d},
+      {0xdd95317f31c7fa1d, 0x40405643d711d584},
+      {0x8a7d3eef7f1cfc52, 0x482835ea666b2573},
+      {0xad1c8eab5ee43b66, 0xda3243650005eed0},
+      {0xd863b256369d4a40, 0x90bed43e40076a83},
+      {0x873e4f75e2224e68, 0x5a7744a6e804a292},
+      {0xa90de3535aaae202, 0x711515d0a205cb37},
+      {0xd3515c2831559a83, 0x0d5a5b44ca873e04},
+      {0x8412d9991ed58091, 0xe858790afe9486c3},
+      {0xa5178fff668ae0b6, 0x626e974dbe39a873},
+      {0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc81290},
+      {0x80fa687f881c7f8e, 0x7ce66634bc9d0b9a},
+      {0xa139029f6a239f72, 0x1c1fffc1ebc44e81},
+      {0xc987434744ac874e, 0xa327ffb266b56221},
+      {0xfbe9141915d7a922, 0x4bf1ff9f0062baa9},
+      {0x9d71ac8fada6c9b5, 0x6f773fc3603db4aa},
+      {0xc4ce17b399107c22, 0xcb550fb4384d21d4},
+      {0xf6019da07f549b2b, 0x7e2a53a146606a49},
+      {0x99c102844f94e0fb, 0x2eda7444cbfc426e},
+      {0xc0314325637a1939, 0xfa911155fefb5309},
+      {0xf03d93eebc589f88, 0x793555ab7eba27cb},
+      {0x96267c7535b763b5, 0x4bc1558b2f3458df},
+      {0xbbb01b9283253ca2, 0x9eb1aaedfb016f17},
+      {0xea9c227723ee8bcb, 0x465e15a979c1cadd},
+      {0x92a1958a7675175f, 0x0bfacd89ec191eca},
+      {0xb749faed14125d36, 0xcef980ec671f667c},
+      {0xe51c79a85916f484, 0x82b7e12780e7401b},
+      {0x8f31cc0937ae58d2, 0xd1b2ecb8b0908811},
+      {0xb2fe3f0b8599ef07, 0x861fa7e6dcb4aa16},
+      {0xdfbdcece67006ac9, 0x67a791e093e1d49b},
+      {0x8bd6a141006042bd, 0xe0c8bb2c5c6d24e1},
+      {0xaecc49914078536d, 0x58fae9f773886e19},
+      {0xda7f5bf590966848, 0xaf39a475506a899f},
+      {0x888f99797a5e012d, 0x6d8406c952429604},
+      {0xaab37fd7d8f58178, 0xc8e5087ba6d33b84},
+      {0xd5605fcdcf32e1d6, 0xfb1e4a9a90880a65},
+      {0x855c3be0a17fcd26, 0x5cf2eea09a550680},
+      {0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f, 0xf42faa48c0ea481f},
+      {0xd0601d8efc57b08b, 0xf13b94daf124da27},
+      {0x823c12795db6ce57, 0x76c53d08d6b70859},
+      {0xa2cb1717b52481ed, 0x54768c4b0c64ca6f},
+      {0xcb7ddcdda26da268, 0xa9942f5dcf7dfd0a},
+      {0xfe5d54150b090b02, 0xd3f93b35435d7c4d},
+      {0x9efa548d26e5a6e1, 0xc47bc5014a1a6db0},
+      {0xc6b8e9b0709f109a, 0x359ab6419ca1091c},
+      {0xf867241c8cc6d4c0, 0xc30163d203c94b63},
+      {0x9b407691d7fc44f8, 0x79e0de63425dcf1e},
+      {0xc21094364dfb5636, 0x985915fc12f542e5},
+      {0xf294b943e17a2bc4, 0x3e6f5b7b17b2939e},
+      {0x979cf3ca6cec5b5a, 0xa705992ceecf9c43},
+      {0xbd8430bd08277231, 0x50c6ff782a838354},
+      {0xece53cec4a314ebd, 0xa4f8bf5635246429},
+      {0x940f4613ae5ed136, 0x871b7795e136be9a},
+      {0xb913179899f68584, 0x28e2557b59846e40},
+      {0xe757dd7ec07426e5, 0x331aeada2fe589d0},
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+      {0xbde94e8e43d0c8ec, 0x3d52eeed1cbea317},
+      {0xed63a231d4c4fb27, 0x4ca7aaa863ee4bdd},
+      {0x945e455f24fb1cf8, 0x8fe8caa93e74ef6a},
+      {0xb975d6b6ee39e436, 0xb3e2fd538e122b44},
+      {0xe7d34c64a9c85d44, 0x60dbbca87196b616},
+      {0x90e40fbeea1d3a4a, 0xbc8955e946fe31cd},
+      {0xb51d13aea4a488dd, 0x6babab6398bdbe41},
+      {0xe264589a4dcdab14, 0xc696963c7eed2dd1},
+      {0x8d7eb76070a08aec, 0xfc1e1de5cf543ca2},
+      {0xb0de65388cc8ada8, 0x3b25a55f43294bcb},
+      {0xdd15fe86affad912, 0x49ef0eb713f39ebe},
+      {0x8a2dbf142dfcc7ab, 0x6e3569326c784337},
+      {0xacb92ed9397bf996, 0x49c2c37f07965404},
+      {0xd7e77a8f87daf7fb, 0xdc33745ec97be906},
+      {0x86f0ac99b4e8dafd, 0x69a028bb3ded71a3},
+      {0xa8acd7c0222311bc, 0xc40832ea0d68ce0c},
+      {0xd2d80db02aabd62b, 0xf50a3fa490c30190},
+      {0x83c7088e1aab65db, 0x792667c6da79e0fa},
+      {0xa4b8cab1a1563f52, 0x577001b891185938},
+      {0xcde6fd5e09abcf26, 0xed4c0226b55e6f86},
+      {0x80b05e5ac60b6178, 0x544f8158315b05b4},
+      {0xa0dc75f1778e39d6, 0x696361ae3db1c721},
+      {0xc913936dd571c84c, 0x03bc3a19cd1e38e9},
+      {0xfb5878494ace3a5f, 0x04ab48a04065c723},
+      {0x9d174b2dcec0e47b, 0x62eb0d64283f9c76},
+      {0xc45d1df942711d9a, 0x3ba5d0bd324f8394},
+      {0xf5746577930d6500, 0xca8f44ec7ee36479},
+      {0x9968bf6abbe85f20, 0x7e998b13cf4e1ecb},
+      {0xbfc2ef456ae276e8, 0x9e3fedd8c321a67e},
+      {0xefb3ab16c59b14a2, 0xc5cfe94ef3ea101e},
+      {0x95d04aee3b80ece5, 0xbba1f1d158724a12},
+      {0xbb445da9ca61281f, 0x2a8a6e45ae8edc97},
+      {0xea1575143cf97226, 0xf52d09d71a3293bd},
+      {0x924d692ca61be758, 0x593c2626705f9c56},
+      {0xb6e0c377cfa2e12e, 0x6f8b2fb00c77836c},
+      {0xe498f455c38b997a, 0x0b6dfb9c0f956447},
+      {0x8edf98b59a373fec, 0x4724bd4189bd5eac},
+      {0xb2977ee300c50fe7, 0x58edec91ec2cb657},
+      {0xdf3d5e9bc0f653e1, 0x2f2967b66737e3ed},
+      {0x8b865b215899f46c, 0xbd79e0d20082ee74},
+      {0xae67f1e9aec07187, 0xecd8590680a3aa11},
+      {0xda01ee641a708de9, 0xe80e6f4820cc9495},
+      {0x884134fe908658b2, 0x3109058d147fdcdd},
+      {0xaa51823e34a7eede, 0xbd4b46f0599fd415},
+      {0xd4e5e2cdc1d1ea96, 0x6c9e18ac7007c91a},
+      {0x850fadc09923329e, 0x03e2cf6bc604ddb0},
+      {0xa6539930bf6bff45, 0x84db8346b786151c},
+      {0xcfe87f7cef46ff16, 0xe612641865679a63},
+      {0x81f14fae158c5f6e, 0x4fcb7e8f3f60c07e},
+      {0xa26da3999aef7749, 0xe3be5e330f38f09d},
+      {0xcb090c8001ab551c, 0x5cadf5bfd3072cc5},
+      {0xfdcb4fa002162a63, 0x73d9732fc7c8f7f6},
+      {0x9e9f11c4014dda7e, 0x2867e7fddcdd9afa},
+      {0xc646d63501a1511d, 0xb281e1fd541501b8},
+      {0xf7d88bc24209a565, 0x1f225a7ca91a4226},
+      {0x9ae757596946075f, 0x3375788de9b06958},
+      {0xc1a12d2fc3978937, 0x0052d6b1641c83ae},
+      {0xf209787bb47d6b84, 0xc0678c5dbd23a49a},
+      {0x9745eb4d50ce6332, 0xf840b7ba963646e0},
+      {0xbd176620a501fbff, 0xb650e5a93bc3d898},
+      {0xec5d3fa8ce427aff, 0xa3e51f138ab4cebe},
+      {0x93ba47c980e98cdf, 0xc66f336c36b10137},
+      {0xb8a8d9bbe123f017, 0xb80b0047445d4184},
+      {0xe6d3102ad96cec1d, 0xa60dc059157491e5},
+      {0x9043ea1ac7e41392, 0x87c89837ad68db2f},
+      {0xb454e4a179dd1877, 0x29babe4598c311fb},
+      {0xe16a1dc9d8545e94, 0xf4296dd6fef3d67a},
+      {0x8ce2529e2734bb1d, 0x1899e4a65f58660c},
+      {0xb01ae745b101e9e4, 0x5ec05dcff72e7f8f},
+      {0xdc21a1171d42645d, 0x76707543f4fa1f73},
+      {0x899504ae72497eba, 0x6a06494a791c53a8},
+      {0xabfa45da0edbde69, 0x0487db9d17636892},
+      {0xd6f8d7509292d603, 0x45a9d2845d3c42b6},
+      {0x865b86925b9bc5c2, 0x0b8a2392ba45a9b2},
+      {0xa7f26836f282b732, 0x8e6cac7768d7141e},
+      {0xd1ef0244af2364ff, 0x3207d795430cd926},
+      {0x8335616aed761f1f, 0x7f44e6bd49e807b8},
+      {0xa402b9c5a8d3a6e7, 0x5f16206c9c6209a6},
+      {0xcd036837130890a1, 0x36dba887c37a8c0f},
+      {0x802221226be55a64, 0xc2494954da2c9789},
+      {0xa02aa96b06deb0fd, 0xf2db9baa10b7bd6c},
+      {0xc83553c5c8965d3d, 0x6f92829494e5acc7},
+      {0xfa42a8b73abbf48c, 0xcb772339ba1f17f9},
+      {0x9c69a97284b578d7, 0xff2a760414536efb},
+      {0xc38413cf25e2d70d, 0xfef5138519684aba},
+      {0xf46518c2ef5b8cd1, 0x7eb258665fc25d69},
+      {0x98bf2f79d5993802, 0xef2f773ffbd97a61},
+      {0xbeeefb584aff8603, 0xaafb550ffacfd8fa},
+      {0xeeaaba2e5dbf6784, 0x95ba2a53f983cf38},
+      {0x952ab45cfa97a0b2, 0xdd945a747bf26183},
+      {0xba756174393d88df, 0x94f971119aeef9e4},
+      {0xe912b9d1478ceb17, 0x7a37cd5601aab85d},
+      {0x91abb422ccb812ee, 0xac62e055c10ab33a},
+      {0xb616a12b7fe617aa, 0x577b986b314d6009},
+      {0xe39c49765fdf9d94, 0xed5a7e85fda0b80b},
+      {0x8e41ade9fbebc27d, 0x14588f13be847307},
+      {0xb1d219647ae6b31c, 0x596eb2d8ae258fc8},
+      {0xde469fbd99a05fe3, 0x6fca5f8ed9aef3bb},
+      {0x8aec23d680043bee, 0x25de7bb9480d5854},
+      {0xada72ccc20054ae9, 0xaf561aa79a10ae6a},
+      {0xd910f7ff28069da4, 0x1b2ba1518094da04},
+      {0x87aa9aff79042286, 0x90fb44d2f05d0842},
+      {0xa99541bf57452b28, 0x353a1607ac744a53},
+      {0xd3fa922f2d1675f2, 0x42889b8997915ce8},
+      {0x847c9b5d7c2e09b7, 0x69956135febada11},
+      {0xa59bc234db398c25, 0x43fab9837e699095},
+      {0xcf02b2c21207ef2e, 0x94f967e45e03f4bb},
+      {0x8161afb94b44f57d, 0x1d1be0eebac278f5},
+      {0xa1ba1ba79e1632dc, 0x6462d92a69731732},
+      {0xca28a291859bbf93, 0x7d7b8f7503cfdcfe},
+      {0xfcb2cb35e702af78, 0x5cda735244c3d43e},
+      {0x9defbf01b061adab, 0x3a0888136afa64a7},
+      {0xc56baec21c7a1916, 0x088aaa1845b8fdd0},
+      {0xf6c69a72a3989f5b, 0x8aad549e57273d45},
+      {0x9a3c2087a63f6399, 0x36ac54e2f678864b},
+      {0xc0cb28a98fcf3c7f, 0x84576a1bb416a7dd},
+      {0xf0fdf2d3f3c30b9f, 0x656d44a2a11c51d5},
+      {0x969eb7c47859e743, 0x9f644ae5a4b1b325},
+      {0xbc4665b596706114, 0x873d5d9f0dde1fee},
+      {0xeb57ff22fc0c7959, 0xa90cb506d155a7ea},
+      {0x9316ff75dd87cbd8, 0x09a7f12442d588f2},
+      {0xb7dcbf5354e9bece, 0x0c11ed6d538aeb2f},
+      {0xe5d3ef282a242e81, 0x8f1668c8a86da5fa},
+      {0x8fa475791a569d10, 0xf96e017d694487bc},
+      {0xb38d92d760ec4455, 0x37c981dcc395a9ac},
+      {0xe070f78d3927556a, 0x85bbe253f47b1417},
+      {0x8c469ab843b89562, 0x93956d7478ccec8e},
+      {0xaf58416654a6babb, 0x387ac8d1970027b2},
+      {0xdb2e51bfe9d0696a, 0x06997b05fcc0319e},
+      {0x88fcf317f22241e2, 0x441fece3bdf81f03},
+      {0xab3c2fddeeaad25a, 0xd527e81cad7626c3},
+      {0xd60b3bd56a5586f1, 0x8a71e223d8d3b074},
+      {0x85c7056562757456, 0xf6872d5667844e49},
+      {0xa738c6bebb12d16c, 0xb428f8ac016561db},
+      {0xd106f86e69d785c7, 0xe13336d701beba52},
+      {0x82a45b450226b39c, 0xecc0024661173473},
+      {0xa34d721642b06084, 0x27f002d7f95d0190},
+      {0xcc20ce9bd35c78a5, 0x31ec038df7b441f4},
+      {0xff290242c83396ce, 0x7e67047175a15271},
+      {0x9f79a169bd203e41, 0x0f0062c6e984d386},
+      {0xc75809c42c684dd1, 0x52c07b78a3e60868},
+      {0xf92e0c3537826145, 0xa7709a56ccdf8a82},
+      {0x9bbcc7a142b17ccb, 0x88a66076400bb691},
+      {0xc2abf989935ddbfe, 0x6acff893d00ea435},
+      {0xf356f7ebf83552fe, 0x0583f6b8c4124d43},
+      {0x98165af37b2153de, 0xc3727a337a8b704a},
+      {0xbe1bf1b059e9a8d6, 0x744f18c0592e4c5c},
+      {0xeda2ee1c7064130c, 0x1162def06f79df73},
+      {0x9485d4d1c63e8be7, 0x8addcb5645ac2ba8},
+      {0xb9a74a0637ce2ee1, 0x6d953e2bd7173692},
+      {0xe8111c87c5c1ba99, 0xc8fa8db6ccdd0437},
+      {0x910ab1d4db9914a0, 0x1d9c9892400a22a2},
+      {0xb54d5e4a127f59c8, 0x2503beb6d00cab4b},
+      {0xe2a0b5dc971f303a, 0x2e44ae64840fd61d},
+      {0x8da471a9de737e24, 0x5ceaecfed289e5d2},
+      {0xb10d8e1456105dad, 0x7425a83e872c5f47},
+      {0xdd50f1996b947518, 0xd12f124e28f77719},
+      {0x8a5296ffe33cc92f, 0x82bd6b70d99aaa6f},
+      {0xace73cbfdc0bfb7b, 0x636cc64d1001550b},
+      {0xd8210befd30efa5a, 0x3c47f7e05401aa4e},
+      {0x8714a775e3e95c78, 0x65acfaec34810a71},
+      {0xa8d9d1535ce3b396, 0x7f1839a741a14d0d},
+      {0xd31045a8341ca07c, 0x1ede48111209a050},
+      {0x83ea2b892091e44d, 0x934aed0aab460432},
+      {0xa4e4b66b68b65d60, 0xf81da84d5617853f},
+      {0xce1de40642e3f4b9, 0x36251260ab9d668e},
+      {0x80d2ae83e9ce78f3, 0xc1d72b7c6b426019},
+      {0xa1075a24e4421730, 0xb24cf65b8612f81f},
+      {0xc94930ae1d529cfc, 0xdee033f26797b627},
+      {0xfb9b7cd9a4a7443c, 0x169840ef017da3b1},
+      {0x9d412e0806e88aa5, 0x8e1f289560ee864e},
+      {0xc491798a08a2ad4e, 0xf1a6f2bab92a27e2},
+      {0xf5b5d7ec8acb58a2, 0xae10af696774b1db},
+      {0x9991a6f3d6bf1765, 0xacca6da1e0a8ef29},
+      {0xbff610b0cc6edd3f, 0x17fd090a58d32af3},
+      {0xeff394dcff8a948e, 0xddfc4b4cef07f5b0},
+      {0x95f83d0a1fb69cd9, 0x4abdaf101564f98e},
+      {0xbb764c4ca7a4440f, 0x9d6d1ad41abe37f1},
+      {0xea53df5fd18d5513, 0x84c86189216dc5ed},
+      {0x92746b9be2f8552c, 0x32fd3cf5b4e49bb4},
+      {0xb7118682dbb66a77, 0x3fbc8c33221dc2a1},
+      {0xe4d5e82392a40515, 0x0fabaf3feaa5334a},
+      {0x8f05b1163ba6832d, 0x29cb4d87f2a7400e},
+      {0xb2c71d5bca9023f8, 0x743e20e9ef511012},
+      {0xdf78e4b2bd342cf6, 0x914da9246b255416},
+      {0x8bab8eefb6409c1a, 0x1ad089b6c2f7548e},
+      {0xae9672aba3d0c320, 0xa184ac2473b529b1},
+      {0xda3c0f568cc4f3e8, 0xc9e5d72d90a2741e},
+      {0x8865899617fb1871, 0x7e2fa67c7a658892},
+      {0xaa7eebfb9df9de8d, 0xddbb901b98feeab7},
+      {0xd51ea6fa85785631, 0x552a74227f3ea565},
+      {0x8533285c936b35de, 0xd53a88958f87275f},
+      {0xa67ff273b8460356, 0x8a892abaf368f137},
+      {0xd01fef10a657842c, 0x2d2b7569b0432d85},
+      {0x8213f56a67f6b29b, 0x9c3b29620e29fc73},
+      {0xa298f2c501f45f42, 0x8349f3ba91b47b8f},
+      {0xcb3f2f7642717713, 0x241c70a936219a73},
+      {0xfe0efb53d30dd4d7, 0xed238cd383aa0110},
+      {0x9ec95d1463e8a506, 0xf4363804324a40aa},
+      {0xc67bb4597ce2ce48, 0xb143c6053edcd0d5},
+      {0xf81aa16fdc1b81da, 0xdd94b7868e94050a},
+      {0x9b10a4e5e9913128, 0xca7cf2b4191c8326},
+      {0xc1d4ce1f63f57d72, 0xfd1c2f611f63a3f0},
+      {0xf24a01a73cf2dccf, 0xbc633b39673c8cec},
+      {0x976e41088617ca01, 0xd5be0503e085d813},
+      {0xbd49d14aa79dbc82, 0x4b2d8644d8a74e18},
+      {0xec9c459d51852ba2, 0xddf8e7d60ed1219e},
+      {0x93e1ab8252f33b45, 0xcabb90e5c942b503},
+      {0xb8da1662e7b00a17, 0x3d6a751f3b936243},
+      {0xe7109bfba19c0c9d, 0x0cc512670a783ad4},
+      {0x906a617d450187e2, 0x27fb2b80668b24c5},
+      {0xb484f9dc9641e9da, 0xb1f9f660802dedf6},
+      {0xe1a63853bbd26451, 0x5e7873f8a0396973},
+      {0x8d07e33455637eb2, 0xdb0b487b6423e1e8},
+      {0xb049dc016abc5e5f, 0x91ce1a9a3d2cda62},
+      {0xdc5c5301c56b75f7, 0x7641a140cc7810fb},
+      {0x89b9b3e11b6329ba, 0xa9e904c87fcb0a9d},
+      {0xac2820d9623bf429, 0x546345fa9fbdcd44},
+      {0xd732290fbacaf133, 0xa97c177947ad4095},
+      {0x867f59a9d4bed6c0, 0x49ed8eabcccc485d},
+      {0xa81f301449ee8c70, 0x5c68f256bfff5a74},
+      {0xd226fc195c6a2f8c, 0x73832eec6fff3111},
+      {0x83585d8fd9c25db7, 0xc831fd53c5ff7eab},
+      {0xa42e74f3d032f525, 0xba3e7ca8b77f5e55},
+      {0xcd3a1230c43fb26f, 0x28ce1bd2e55f35eb},
+      {0x80444b5e7aa7cf85, 0x7980d163cf5b81b3},
+      {0xa0555e361951c366, 0xd7e105bcc332621f},
+      {0xc86ab5c39fa63440, 0x8dd9472bf3fefaa7},
+      {0xfa856334878fc150, 0xb14f98f6f0feb951},
+      {0x9c935e00d4b9d8d2, 0x6ed1bf9a569f33d3},
+      {0xc3b8358109e84f07, 0x0a862f80ec4700c8},
+      {0xf4a642e14c6262c8, 0xcd27bb612758c0fa},
+      {0x98e7e9cccfbd7dbd, 0x8038d51cb897789c},
+      {0xbf21e44003acdd2c, 0xe0470a63e6bd56c3},
+      {0xeeea5d5004981478, 0x1858ccfce06cac74},
+      {0x95527a5202df0ccb, 0x0f37801e0c43ebc8},
+      {0xbaa718e68396cffd, 0xd30560258f54e6ba},
+      {0xe950df20247c83fd, 0x47c6b82ef32a2069},
+      {0x91d28b7416cdd27e, 0x4cdc331d57fa5441},
+      {0xb6472e511c81471d, 0xe0133fe4adf8e952},
+      {0xe3d8f9e563a198e5, 0x58180fddd97723a6},
+      {0x8e679c2f5e44ff8f, 0x570f09eaa7ea7648},
+      {0xb201833b35d63f73, 0x2cd2cc6551e513da},
+      {0xde81e40a034bcf4f, 0xf8077f7ea65e58d1},
+      {0x8b112e86420f6191, 0xfb04afaf27faf782},
+      {0xadd57a27d29339f6, 0x79c5db9af1f9b563},
+      {0xd94ad8b1c7380874, 0x18375281ae7822bc},
+      {0x87cec76f1c830548, 0x8f2293910d0b15b5},
+      {0xa9c2794ae3a3c69a, 0xb2eb3875504ddb22},
+      {0xd433179d9c8cb841, 0x5fa60692a46151eb},
+      {0x849feec281d7f328, 0xdbc7c41ba6bcd333},
+      {0xa5c7ea73224deff3, 0x12b9b522906c0800},
+      {0xcf39e50feae16bef, 0xd768226b34870a00},
+      {0x81842f29f2cce375, 0xe6a1158300d46640},
+      {0xa1e53af46f801c53, 0x60495ae3c1097fd0},
+      {0xca5e89b18b602368, 0x385bb19cb14bdfc4},
+      {0xfcf62c1dee382c42, 0x46729e03dd9ed7b5},
+      {0x9e19db92b4e31ba9, 0x6c07a2c26a8346d1},
+      {0xc5a05277621be293, 0xc7098b7305241885},
+      { 0xf70867153aa2db38,
+        0xb8cbee4fc66d1ea7 }
+#else
+      {0xff77b1fcbebcdc4f, 0x25e8e89c13bb0f7b},
+      {0xce5d73ff402d98e3, 0xfb0a3d212dc81290},
+      {0xa6b34ad8c9dfc06f, 0xf42faa48c0ea481f},
+      {0x86a8d39ef77164bc, 0xae5dff9c02033198},
+      {0xd98ddaee19068c76, 0x3badd624dd9b0958},
+      {0xafbd2350644eeacf, 0xe5d1929ef90898fb},
+      {0x8df5efabc5979c8f, 0xca8d3ffa1ef463c2},
+      {0xe55990879ddcaabd, 0xcc420a6a101d0516},
+      {0xb94470938fa89bce, 0xf808e40e8d5b3e6a},
+      {0x95a8637627989aad, 0xdde7001379a44aa9},
+      {0xf1c90080baf72cb1, 0x5324c68b12dd6339},
+      {0xc350000000000000, 0x0000000000000000},
+      {0x9dc5ada82b70b59d, 0xf020000000000000},
+      {0xfee50b7025c36a08, 0x02f236d04753d5b4},
+      {0xcde6fd5e09abcf26, 0xed4c0226b55e6f86},
+      {0xa6539930bf6bff45, 0x84db8346b786151c},
+      {0x865b86925b9bc5c2, 0x0b8a2392ba45a9b2},
+      {0xd910f7ff28069da4, 0x1b2ba1518094da04},
+      {0xaf58416654a6babb, 0x387ac8d1970027b2},
+      {0x8da471a9de737e24, 0x5ceaecfed289e5d2},
+      {0xe4d5e82392a40515, 0x0fabaf3feaa5334a},
+      {0xb8da1662e7b00a17, 0x3d6a751f3b936243},
+      { 0x95527a5202df0ccb,
+        0x0f37801e0c43ebc8 }
+#endif
+    };
+
+#if FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+    return pow10_significands[k - float_info<double>::min_k];
+#else
+    static constexpr const uint64_t powers_of_5_64[] = {
+        0x0000000000000001, 0x0000000000000005, 0x0000000000000019,
+        0x000000000000007d, 0x0000000000000271, 0x0000000000000c35,
+        0x0000000000003d09, 0x000000000001312d, 0x000000000005f5e1,
+        0x00000000001dcd65, 0x00000000009502f9, 0x0000000002e90edd,
+        0x000000000e8d4a51, 0x0000000048c27395, 0x000000016bcc41e9,
+        0x000000071afd498d, 0x0000002386f26fc1, 0x000000b1a2bc2ec5,
+        0x000003782dace9d9, 0x00001158e460913d, 0x000056bc75e2d631,
+        0x0001b1ae4d6e2ef5, 0x000878678326eac9, 0x002a5a058fc295ed,
+        0x00d3c21bcecceda1, 0x0422ca8b0a00a425, 0x14adf4b7320334b9};
+
+    static constexpr const uint32_t pow10_recovery_errors[] = {
+        0x50001400, 0x54044100, 0x54014555, 0x55954415, 0x54115555, 0x00000001,
+        0x50000000, 0x00104000, 0x54010004, 0x05004001, 0x55555544, 0x41545555,
+        0x54040551, 0x15445545, 0x51555514, 0x10000015, 0x00101100, 0x01100015,
+        0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x00000000, 0x04450514, 0x45414110,
+        0x55555145, 0x50544050, 0x15040155, 0x11054140, 0x50111514, 0x11451454,
+        0x00400541, 0x00000000, 0x55555450, 0x10056551, 0x10054011, 0x55551014,
+        0x69514555, 0x05151109, 0x00155555};
+
+    static const int compression_ratio = 27;
+
+    // Compute base index.
+    int cache_index = (k - float_info<double>::min_k) / compression_ratio;
+    int kb = cache_index * compression_ratio + float_info<double>::min_k;
+    int offset = k - kb;
+
+    // Get base cache.
+    uint128_wrapper base_cache = pow10_significands[cache_index];
+    if (offset == 0) return base_cache;
+
+    // Compute the required amount of bit-shift.
+    int alpha = floor_log2_pow10(kb + offset) - floor_log2_pow10(kb) - offset;
+    FMT_ASSERT(alpha > 0 && alpha < 64, "shifting error detected");
+
+    // Try to recover the real cache.
+    uint64_t pow5 = powers_of_5_64[offset];
+    uint128_wrapper recovered_cache = umul128(base_cache.high(), pow5);
+    uint128_wrapper middle_low =
+        umul128(base_cache.low() - (kb < 0 ? 1u : 0u), pow5);
+
+    recovered_cache += middle_low.high();
+
+    uint64_t high_to_middle = recovered_cache.high() << (64 - alpha);
+    uint64_t middle_to_low = recovered_cache.low() << (64 - alpha);
+
+    recovered_cache =
+        uint128_wrapper{(recovered_cache.low() >> alpha) | high_to_middle,
+                        ((middle_low.low() >> alpha) | middle_to_low)};
+
+    if (kb < 0) recovered_cache += 1;
+
+    // Get error.
+    int error_idx = (k - float_info<double>::min_k) / 16;
+    uint32_t error = (pow10_recovery_errors[error_idx] >>
+                      ((k - float_info<double>::min_k) % 16) * 2) &
+                     0x3;
+
+    // Add the error back.
+    FMT_ASSERT(recovered_cache.low() + error >= recovered_cache.low(), "");
+    return {recovered_cache.high(), recovered_cache.low() + error};
+#endif
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_mul(carrier_uint u,
+                                  const cache_entry_type& cache) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return umul192_upper64(u, cache);
+  }
+
+  static uint32_t compute_delta(cache_entry_type const& cache,
+                                int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return static_cast<uint32_t>(cache.high() >> (64 - 1 - beta_minus_1));
+  }
+
+  static bool compute_mul_parity(carrier_uint two_f,
+                                 const cache_entry_type& cache,
+                                 int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 >= 1, "");
+    FMT_ASSERT(beta_minus_1 < 64, "");
+
+    return ((umul192_middle64(two_f, cache) >> (64 - beta_minus_1)) & 1) != 0;
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return (cache.high() -
+            (cache.high() >> (float_info<double>::significand_bits + 2))) >>
+           (64 - float_info<double>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1);
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return (cache.high() +
+            (cache.high() >> (float_info<double>::significand_bits + 1))) >>
+           (64 - float_info<double>::significand_bits - 1 - beta_minus_1);
+  }
+
+  static carrier_uint compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      const cache_entry_type& cache, int beta_minus_1) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return ((cache.high() >>
+             (64 - float_info<double>::significand_bits - 2 - beta_minus_1)) +
+            1) /
+           2;
+  }
+};
+
+// Various integer checks
+template <class T>
+bool is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval(int exponent) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return exponent >=
+             float_info<
+                 T>::case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold &&
+         exponent <=
+             float_info<T>::case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold;
+}
+template <class T>
+bool is_endpoint_integer(typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint two_f,
+                         int exponent, int minus_k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  if (exponent < float_info<T>::case_fc_pm_half_lower_threshold) return false;
+  // For k >= 0.
+  if (exponent <= float_info<T>::case_fc_pm_half_upper_threshold) return true;
+  // For k < 0.
+  if (exponent > float_info<T>::divisibility_check_by_5_threshold) return false;
+  return divisible_by_power_of_5(two_f, minus_k);
+}
+
+template <class T>
+bool is_center_integer(typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint two_f, int exponent,
+                       int minus_k) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Exponent for 5 is negative.
+  if (exponent > float_info<T>::divisibility_check_by_5_threshold) return false;
+  if (exponent > float_info<T>::case_fc_upper_threshold)
+    return divisible_by_power_of_5(two_f, minus_k);
+  // Both exponents are nonnegative.
+  if (exponent >= float_info<T>::case_fc_lower_threshold) return true;
+  // Exponent for 2 is negative.
+  return divisible_by_power_of_2(two_f, minus_k - exponent + 1);
+}
+
+// Remove trailing zeros from n and return the number of zeros removed (float)
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE int remove_trailing_zeros(uint32_t& n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ
+  int t = FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(n);
+#else
+  int t = ctz(n);
+#endif
+  if (t > float_info<float>::max_trailing_zeros)
+    t = float_info<float>::max_trailing_zeros;
+
+  const uint32_t mod_inv1 = 0xcccccccd;
+  const uint32_t max_quotient1 = 0x33333333;
+  const uint32_t mod_inv2 = 0xc28f5c29;
+  const uint32_t max_quotient2 = 0x0a3d70a3;
+
+  int s = 0;
+  for (; s < t - 1; s += 2) {
+    if (n * mod_inv2 > max_quotient2) break;
+    n *= mod_inv2;
+  }
+  if (s < t && n * mod_inv1 <= max_quotient1) {
+    n *= mod_inv1;
+    ++s;
+  }
+  n >>= s;
+  return s;
+}
+
+// Removes trailing zeros and returns the number of zeros removed (double)
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE int remove_trailing_zeros(uint64_t& n) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL
+  int t = FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(n);
+#else
+  int t = ctzll(n);
+#endif
+  if (t > float_info<double>::max_trailing_zeros)
+    t = float_info<double>::max_trailing_zeros;
+  // Divide by 10^8 and reduce to 32-bits
+  // Since ret_value.significand <= (2^64 - 1) / 1000 < 10^17,
+  // both of the quotient and the r should fit in 32-bits
+
+  const uint32_t mod_inv1 = 0xcccccccd;
+  const uint32_t max_quotient1 = 0x33333333;
+  const uint64_t mod_inv8 = 0xc767074b22e90e21;
+  const uint64_t max_quotient8 = 0x00002af31dc46118;
+
+  // If the number is divisible by 1'0000'0000, work with the quotient
+  if (t >= 8) {
+    auto quotient_candidate = n * mod_inv8;
+
+    if (quotient_candidate <= max_quotient8) {
+      auto quotient = static_cast<uint32_t>(quotient_candidate >> 8);
+
+      int s = 8;
+      for (; s < t; ++s) {
+        if (quotient * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) break;
+        quotient *= mod_inv1;
+      }
+      quotient >>= (s - 8);
+      n = quotient;
+      return s;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, work with the remainder
+  auto quotient = static_cast<uint32_t>(n / 100000000);
+  auto remainder = static_cast<uint32_t>(n - 100000000 * quotient);
+
+  if (t == 0 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 1 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 1) + quotient * 10000000ull;
+    return 1;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 2 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 2) + quotient * 1000000ull;
+    return 2;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 3 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 3) + quotient * 100000ull;
+    return 3;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 4 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 4) + quotient * 10000ull;
+    return 4;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 5 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 5) + quotient * 1000ull;
+    return 5;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  if (t == 6 || remainder * mod_inv1 > max_quotient1) {
+    n = (remainder >> 6) + quotient * 100ull;
+    return 6;
+  }
+  remainder *= mod_inv1;
+
+  n = (remainder >> 7) + quotient * 10ull;
+  return 7;
+}
+
+// The main algorithm for shorter interval case
+template <class T>
+FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE decimal_fp<T> shorter_interval_case(int exponent)
+    FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  decimal_fp<T> ret_value;
+  // Compute k and beta
+  const int minus_k = floor_log10_pow2_minus_log10_4_over_3(exponent);
+  const int beta_minus_1 = exponent + floor_log2_pow10(-minus_k);
+
+  // Compute xi and zi
+  using cache_entry_type = typename cache_accessor<T>::cache_entry_type;
+  const cache_entry_type cache = cache_accessor<T>::get_cached_power(-minus_k);
+
+  auto xi = cache_accessor<T>::compute_left_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      cache, beta_minus_1);
+  auto zi = cache_accessor<T>::compute_right_endpoint_for_shorter_interval_case(
+      cache, beta_minus_1);
+
+  // If the left endpoint is not an integer, increase it
+  if (!is_left_endpoint_integer_shorter_interval<T>(exponent)) ++xi;
+
+  // Try bigger divisor
+  ret_value.significand = zi / 10;
+
+  // If succeed, remove trailing zeros if necessary and return
+  if (ret_value.significand * 10 >= xi) {
+    ret_value.exponent = minus_k + 1;
+    ret_value.exponent += remove_trailing_zeros(ret_value.significand);
+    return ret_value;
+  }
+
+  // Otherwise, compute the round-up of y
+  ret_value.significand =
+      cache_accessor<T>::compute_round_up_for_shorter_interval_case(
+          cache, beta_minus_1);
+  ret_value.exponent = minus_k;
+
+  // When tie occurs, choose one of them according to the rule
+  if (exponent >= float_info<T>::shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold &&
+      exponent <= float_info<T>::shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold) {
+    ret_value.significand = ret_value.significand % 2 == 0
+                                ? ret_value.significand
+                                : ret_value.significand - 1;
+  } else if (ret_value.significand < xi) {
+    ++ret_value.significand;
+  }
+  return ret_value;
+}
+
+template <typename T> decimal_fp<T> to_decimal(T x) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Step 1: integer promotion & Schubfach multiplier calculation.
+
+  using carrier_uint = typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
+  using cache_entry_type = typename cache_accessor<T>::cache_entry_type;
+  auto br = bit_cast<carrier_uint>(x);
+
+  // Extract significand bits and exponent bits.
+  const carrier_uint significand_mask =
+      (static_cast<carrier_uint>(1) << float_info<T>::significand_bits) - 1;
+  carrier_uint significand = (br & significand_mask);
+  int exponent = static_cast<int>((br & exponent_mask<T>()) >>
+                                  float_info<T>::significand_bits);
+
+  if (exponent != 0) {  // Check if normal.
+    exponent += float_info<T>::exponent_bias - float_info<T>::significand_bits;
+
+    // Shorter interval case; proceed like Schubfach.
+    if (significand == 0) return shorter_interval_case<T>(exponent);
+
+    significand |=
+        (static_cast<carrier_uint>(1) << float_info<T>::significand_bits);
+  } else {
+    // Subnormal case; the interval is always regular.
+    if (significand == 0) return {0, 0};
+    exponent = float_info<T>::min_exponent - float_info<T>::significand_bits;
+  }
+
+  const bool include_left_endpoint = (significand % 2 == 0);
+  const bool include_right_endpoint = include_left_endpoint;
+
+  // Compute k and beta.
+  const int minus_k = floor_log10_pow2(exponent) - float_info<T>::kappa;
+  const cache_entry_type cache = cache_accessor<T>::get_cached_power(-minus_k);
+  const int beta_minus_1 = exponent + floor_log2_pow10(-minus_k);
+
+  // Compute zi and deltai
+  // 10^kappa <= deltai < 10^(kappa + 1)
+  const uint32_t deltai = cache_accessor<T>::compute_delta(cache, beta_minus_1);
+  const carrier_uint two_fc = significand << 1;
+  const carrier_uint two_fr = two_fc | 1;
+  const carrier_uint zi =
+      cache_accessor<T>::compute_mul(two_fr << beta_minus_1, cache);
+
+  // Step 2: Try larger divisor; remove trailing zeros if necessary
+
+  // Using an upper bound on zi, we might be able to optimize the division
+  // better than the compiler; we are computing zi / big_divisor here
+  decimal_fp<T> ret_value;
+  ret_value.significand = divide_by_10_to_kappa_plus_1(zi);
+  uint32_t r = static_cast<uint32_t>(zi - float_info<T>::big_divisor *
+                                              ret_value.significand);
+
+  if (r > deltai) {
+    goto small_divisor_case_label;
+  } else if (r < deltai) {
+    // Exclude the right endpoint if necessary
+    if (r == 0 && !include_right_endpoint &&
+        is_endpoint_integer<T>(two_fr, exponent, minus_k)) {
+      --ret_value.significand;
+      r = float_info<T>::big_divisor;
+      goto small_divisor_case_label;
+    }
+  } else {
+    // r == deltai; compare fractional parts
+    // Check conditions in the order different from the paper
+    // to take advantage of short-circuiting
+    const carrier_uint two_fl = two_fc - 1;
+    if ((!include_left_endpoint ||
+         !is_endpoint_integer<T>(two_fl, exponent, minus_k)) &&
+        !cache_accessor<T>::compute_mul_parity(two_fl, cache, beta_minus_1)) {
+      goto small_divisor_case_label;
+    }
+  }
+  ret_value.exponent = minus_k + float_info<T>::kappa + 1;
+
+  // We may need to remove trailing zeros
+  ret_value.exponent += remove_trailing_zeros(ret_value.significand);
+  return ret_value;
+
+  // Step 3: Find the significand with the smaller divisor
+
+small_divisor_case_label:
+  ret_value.significand *= 10;
+  ret_value.exponent = minus_k + float_info<T>::kappa;
+
+  const uint32_t mask = (1u << float_info<T>::kappa) - 1;
+  auto dist = r - (deltai / 2) + (float_info<T>::small_divisor / 2);
+
+  // Is dist divisible by 2^kappa?
+  if ((dist & mask) == 0) {
+    const bool approx_y_parity =
+        ((dist ^ (float_info<T>::small_divisor / 2)) & 1) != 0;
+    dist >>= float_info<T>::kappa;
+
+    // Is dist divisible by 5^kappa?
+    if (check_divisibility_and_divide_by_pow5<float_info<T>::kappa>(dist)) {
+      ret_value.significand += dist;
+
+      // Check z^(f) >= epsilon^(f)
+      // We have either yi == zi - epsiloni or yi == (zi - epsiloni) - 1,
+      // where yi == zi - epsiloni if and only if z^(f) >= epsilon^(f)
+      // Since there are only 2 possibilities, we only need to care about the
+      // parity. Also, zi and r should have the same parity since the divisor
+      // is an even number
+      if (cache_accessor<T>::compute_mul_parity(two_fc, cache, beta_minus_1) !=
+          approx_y_parity) {
+        --ret_value.significand;
+      } else {
+        // If z^(f) >= epsilon^(f), we might have a tie
+        // when z^(f) == epsilon^(f), or equivalently, when y is an integer
+        if (is_center_integer<T>(two_fc, exponent, minus_k)) {
+          ret_value.significand = ret_value.significand % 2 == 0
+                                      ? ret_value.significand
+                                      : ret_value.significand - 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    // Is dist not divisible by 5^kappa?
+    else {
+      ret_value.significand += dist;
+    }
+  }
+  // Is dist not divisible by 2^kappa?
+  else {
+    // Since we know dist is small, we might be able to optimize the division
+    // better than the compiler; we are computing dist / small_divisor here
+    ret_value.significand +=
+        small_division_by_pow10<float_info<T>::kappa>(dist);
+  }
+  return ret_value;
+}
+}  // namespace dragonbox
+
+// Formats value using a variation of the Fixed-Precision Positive
+// Floating-Point Printout ((FPP)^2) algorithm by Steele & White:
+// https://fmt.dev/papers/p372-steele.pdf.
+template <typename Double>
+void fallback_format(Double d, int num_digits, bool binary32, buffer<char>& buf,
+                     int& exp10) {
+  bigint numerator;    // 2 * R in (FPP)^2.
+  bigint denominator;  // 2 * S in (FPP)^2.
+  // lower and upper are differences between value and corresponding boundaries.
+  bigint lower;             // (M^- in (FPP)^2).
+  bigint upper_store;       // upper's value if different from lower.
+  bigint* upper = nullptr;  // (M^+ in (FPP)^2).
+  fp value;
+  // Shift numerator and denominator by an extra bit or two (if lower boundary
+  // is closer) to make lower and upper integers. This eliminates multiplication
+  // by 2 during later computations.
+  const bool is_predecessor_closer =
+      binary32 ? value.assign(static_cast<float>(d)) : value.assign(d);
+  int shift = is_predecessor_closer ? 2 : 1;
+  uint64_t significand = value.f << shift;
+  if (value.e >= 0) {
+    numerator.assign(significand);
+    numerator <<= value.e;
+    lower.assign(1);
+    lower <<= value.e;
+    if (shift != 1) {
+      upper_store.assign(1);
+      upper_store <<= value.e + 1;
+      upper = &upper_store;
+    }
+    denominator.assign_pow10(exp10);
+    denominator <<= shift;
+  } else if (exp10 < 0) {
+    numerator.assign_pow10(-exp10);
+    lower.assign(numerator);
+    if (shift != 1) {
+      upper_store.assign(numerator);
+      upper_store <<= 1;
+      upper = &upper_store;
+    }
+    numerator *= significand;
+    denominator.assign(1);
+    denominator <<= shift - value.e;
+  } else {
+    numerator.assign(significand);
+    denominator.assign_pow10(exp10);
+    denominator <<= shift - value.e;
+    lower.assign(1);
+    if (shift != 1) {
+      upper_store.assign(1ULL << 1);
+      upper = &upper_store;
+    }
+  }
+  // Invariant: value == (numerator / denominator) * pow(10, exp10).
+  if (num_digits < 0) {
+    // Generate the shortest representation.
+    if (!upper) upper = &lower;
+    bool even = (value.f & 1) == 0;
+    num_digits = 0;
+    char* data = buf.data();
+    for (;;) {
+      int digit = numerator.divmod_assign(denominator);
+      bool low = compare(numerator, lower) - even < 0;  // numerator <[=] lower.
+      // numerator + upper >[=] pow10:
+      bool high = add_compare(numerator, *upper, denominator) + even > 0;
+      data[num_digits++] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+      if (low || high) {
+        if (!low) {
+          ++data[num_digits - 1];
+        } else if (high) {
+          int result = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator);
+          // Round half to even.
+          if (result > 0 || (result == 0 && (digit % 2) != 0))
+            ++data[num_digits - 1];
+        }
+        buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(num_digits));
+        exp10 -= num_digits - 1;
+        return;
+      }
+      numerator *= 10;
+      lower *= 10;
+      if (upper != &lower) *upper *= 10;
+    }
+  }
+  // Generate the given number of digits.
+  exp10 -= num_digits - 1;
+  if (num_digits == 0) {
+    buf.try_resize(1);
+    denominator *= 10;
+    buf[0] = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator) > 0 ? '1' : '0';
+    return;
+  }
+  buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(num_digits));
+  for (int i = 0; i < num_digits - 1; ++i) {
+    int digit = numerator.divmod_assign(denominator);
+    buf[i] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+    numerator *= 10;
+  }
+  int digit = numerator.divmod_assign(denominator);
+  auto result = add_compare(numerator, numerator, denominator);
+  if (result > 0 || (result == 0 && (digit % 2) != 0)) {
+    if (digit == 9) {
+      const auto overflow = '0' + 10;
+      buf[num_digits - 1] = overflow;
+      // Propagate the carry.
+      for (int i = num_digits - 1; i > 0 && buf[i] == overflow; --i) {
+        buf[i] = '0';
+        ++buf[i - 1];
+      }
+      if (buf[0] == overflow) {
+        buf[0] = '1';
+        ++exp10;
+      }
+      return;
+    }
+    ++digit;
+  }
+  buf[num_digits - 1] = static_cast<char>('0' + digit);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+int format_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf) {
+  static_assert(!std::is_same<T, float>::value, "");
+  FMT_ASSERT(value >= 0, "value is negative");
+
+  const bool fixed = specs.format == float_format::fixed;
+  if (value <= 0) {  // <= instead of == to silence a warning.
+    if (precision <= 0 || !fixed) {
+      buf.push_back('0');
+      return 0;
+    }
+    buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(precision));
+    std::uninitialized_fill_n(buf.data(), precision, '0');
+    return -precision;
+  }
+
+  if (!specs.use_grisu) return snprintf_float(value, precision, specs, buf);
+
+  if (precision < 0) {
+    // Use Dragonbox for the shortest format.
+    if (specs.binary32) {
+      auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<float>(value));
+      write<char>(buffer_appender<char>(buf), dec.significand);
+      return dec.exponent;
+    }
+    auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<double>(value));
+    write<char>(buffer_appender<char>(buf), dec.significand);
+    return dec.exponent;
+  }
+
+  // Use Grisu + Dragon4 for the given precision:
+  // https://www.cs.tufts.edu/~nr/cs257/archive/florian-loitsch/printf.pdf.
+  int exp = 0;
+  const int min_exp = -60;  // alpha in Grisu.
+  int cached_exp10 = 0;     // K in Grisu.
+  fp normalized = normalize(fp(value));
+  const auto cached_pow = get_cached_power(
+      min_exp - (normalized.e + fp::significand_size), cached_exp10);
+  normalized = normalized * cached_pow;
+  // Limit precision to the maximum possible number of significant digits in an
+  // IEEE754 double because we don't need to generate zeros.
+  const int max_double_digits = 767;
+  if (precision > max_double_digits) precision = max_double_digits;
+  fixed_handler handler{buf.data(), 0, precision, -cached_exp10, fixed};
+  if (grisu_gen_digits(normalized, 1, exp, handler) == digits::error) {
+    exp += handler.size - cached_exp10 - 1;
+    fallback_format(value, handler.precision, specs.binary32, buf, exp);
+  } else {
+    exp += handler.exp10;
+    buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(handler.size));
+  }
+  if (!fixed && !specs.showpoint) {
+    // Remove trailing zeros.
+    auto num_digits = buf.size();
+    while (num_digits > 0 && buf[num_digits - 1] == '0') {
+      --num_digits;
+      ++exp;
+    }
+    buf.try_resize(num_digits);
+  }
+  return exp;
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T>
+int snprintf_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs,
+                   buffer<char>& buf) {
+  // Buffer capacity must be non-zero, otherwise MSVC's vsnprintf_s will fail.
+  FMT_ASSERT(buf.capacity() > buf.size(), "empty buffer");
+  static_assert(!std::is_same<T, float>::value, "");
+
+  // Subtract 1 to account for the difference in precision since we use %e for
+  // both general and exponent format.
+  if (specs.format == float_format::general ||
+      specs.format == float_format::exp)
+    precision = (precision >= 0 ? precision : 6) - 1;
+
+  // Build the format string.
+  enum { max_format_size = 7 };  // The longest format is "%#.*Le".
+  char format[max_format_size];
+  char* format_ptr = format;
+  *format_ptr++ = '%';
+  if (specs.showpoint && specs.format == float_format::hex) *format_ptr++ = '#';
+  if (precision >= 0) {
+    *format_ptr++ = '.';
+    *format_ptr++ = '*';
+  }
+  if (std::is_same<T, long double>()) *format_ptr++ = 'L';
+  *format_ptr++ = specs.format != float_format::hex
+                      ? (specs.format == float_format::fixed ? 'f' : 'e')
+                      : (specs.upper ? 'A' : 'a');
+  *format_ptr = '\0';
+
+  // Format using snprintf.
+  auto offset = buf.size();
+  for (;;) {
+    auto begin = buf.data() + offset;
+    auto capacity = buf.capacity() - offset;
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
+    if (precision > 100000)
+      throw std::runtime_error(
+          "fuzz mode - avoid large allocation inside snprintf");
+#endif
+    // Suppress the warning about a nonliteral format string.
+    // Cannot use auto because of a bug in MinGW (#1532).
+    int (*snprintf_ptr)(char*, size_t, const char*, ...) = FMT_SNPRINTF;
+    int result = precision >= 0
+                     ? snprintf_ptr(begin, capacity, format, precision, value)
+                     : snprintf_ptr(begin, capacity, format, value);
+    if (result < 0) {
+      // The buffer will grow exponentially.
+      buf.try_reserve(buf.capacity() + 1);
+      continue;
+    }
+    auto size = to_unsigned(result);
+    // Size equal to capacity means that the last character was truncated.
+    if (size >= capacity) {
+      buf.try_reserve(size + offset + 1);  // Add 1 for the terminating '\0'.
+      continue;
+    }
+    auto is_digit = [](char c) { return c >= '0' && c <= '9'; };
+    if (specs.format == float_format::fixed) {
+      if (precision == 0) {
+        buf.try_resize(size);
+        return 0;
+      }
+      // Find and remove the decimal point.
+      auto end = begin + size, p = end;
+      do {
+        --p;
+      } while (is_digit(*p));
+      int fraction_size = static_cast<int>(end - p - 1);
+      std::memmove(p, p + 1, to_unsigned(fraction_size));
+      buf.try_resize(size - 1);
+      return -fraction_size;
+    }
+    if (specs.format == float_format::hex) {
+      buf.try_resize(size + offset);
+      return 0;
+    }
+    // Find and parse the exponent.
+    auto end = begin + size, exp_pos = end;
+    do {
+      --exp_pos;
+    } while (*exp_pos != 'e');
+    char sign = exp_pos[1];
+    FMT_ASSERT(sign == '+' || sign == '-', "");
+    int exp = 0;
+    auto p = exp_pos + 2;  // Skip 'e' and sign.
+    do {
+      FMT_ASSERT(is_digit(*p), "");
+      exp = exp * 10 + (*p++ - '0');
+    } while (p != end);
+    if (sign == '-') exp = -exp;
+    int fraction_size = 0;
+    if (exp_pos != begin + 1) {
+      // Remove trailing zeros.
+      auto fraction_end = exp_pos - 1;
+      while (*fraction_end == '0') --fraction_end;
+      // Move the fractional part left to get rid of the decimal point.
+      fraction_size = static_cast<int>(fraction_end - begin - 1);
+      std::memmove(begin + 1, begin + 2, to_unsigned(fraction_size));
+    }
+    buf.try_resize(to_unsigned(fraction_size) + offset + 1);
+    return exp - fraction_size;
+  }
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <> struct formatter<detail::bigint> {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_parse_context::iterator parse(
+      format_parse_context& ctx) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  format_context::iterator format(const detail::bigint& n,
+                                  format_context& ctx) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    bool first = true;
+    for (auto i = n.bigits_.size(); i > 0; --i) {
+      auto value = n.bigits_[i - 1u];
+      if (first) {
+        out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:x}"), value);
+        first = false;
+        continue;
+      }
+      out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("{:08x}"), value);
+    }
+    if (n.exp_ > 0)
+      out = format_to(out, FMT_STRING("p{}"),
+                      n.exp_ * detail::bigint::bigit_bits);
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_FUNC detail::utf8_to_utf16::utf8_to_utf16(string_view s) {
+  for_each_codepoint(s, [this](uint32_t cp, int error) {
+    if (error != 0) FMT_THROW(std::runtime_error("invalid utf8"));
+    if (cp <= 0xFFFF) {
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<wchar_t>(cp));
+    } else {
+      cp -= 0x10000;
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xD800 + (cp >> 10)));
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<wchar_t>(0xDC00 + (cp & 0x3FF)));
+    }
+  });
+  buffer_.push_back(0);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                  const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_TRY {
+    auto ec = std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category());
+    write(std::back_inserter(out), std::system_error(ec, message).what());
+    return;
+  }
+  FMT_CATCH(...) {}
+  format_error_code(out, error_code, message);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void detail::error_handler::on_error(const char* message) {
+  FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC void report_system_error(int error_code,
+                                  const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  report_error(format_system_error, error_code, message);
+}
+
+FMT_FUNC std::string vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) {
+  // Don't optimize the "{}" case to keep the binary size small and because it
+  // can be better optimized in fmt::format anyway.
+  auto buffer = memory_buffer();
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+namespace detail {
+using dword = conditional_t<sizeof(long) == 4, unsigned long, unsigned>;
+extern "C" __declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall WriteConsoleW(  //
+    void*, const void*, dword, dword*, void*);
+}  // namespace detail
+#endif
+
+namespace detail {
+FMT_FUNC void print(std::FILE* f, string_view text) {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+  auto fd = _fileno(f);
+  if (_isatty(fd)) {
+    detail::utf8_to_utf16 u16(string_view(text.data(), text.size()));
+    auto written = detail::dword();
+    if (detail::WriteConsoleW(reinterpret_cast<void*>(_get_osfhandle(fd)),
+                              u16.c_str(), static_cast<uint32_t>(u16.size()),
+                              &written, nullptr)) {
+      return;
+    }
+    // Fallback to fwrite on failure. It can happen if the output has been
+    // redirected to NUL.
+  }
+#endif
+  detail::fwrite_fully(text.data(), 1, text.size(), f);
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_FUNC void vprint(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  detail::print(f, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()});
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// Print assuming legacy (non-Unicode) encoding.
+FMT_FUNC void detail::vprint_mojibake(std::FILE* f, string_view format_str,
+                                      format_args args) {
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str,
+                     basic_format_args<buffer_context<char>>(args));
+  fwrite_fully(buffer.data(), 1, buffer.size(), f);
+}
+#endif
+
+FMT_FUNC void vprint(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+  vprint(stdout, format_str, args);
+}
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_FORMAT_INL_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/format.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/format.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f6ab35
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/format.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2842 @@
+/*
+ Formatting library for C++
+
+ Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+
+ Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+ a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+ "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+ without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+ distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+ permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+ the following conditions:
+
+ The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+ THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
+ LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
+ OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+ WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+ --- Optional exception to the license ---
+
+ As an exception, if, as a result of your compiling your source code, portions
+ of this Software are embedded into a machine-executable object form of such
+ source code, you may redistribute such embedded portions in such object form
+ without including the above copyright and permission notices.
+ */
+
+#ifndef FMT_FORMAT_H_
+#define FMT_FORMAT_H_
+
+#include <cmath>         // std::signbit
+#include <cstdint>       // uint32_t
+#include <limits>        // std::numeric_limits
+#include <memory>        // std::uninitialized_copy
+#include <stdexcept>     // std::runtime_error
+#include <system_error>  // std::system_error
+#include <utility>       // std::swap
+
+#include "core.h"
+
+#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __INTEL_COMPILER
+#elif defined(__ICL)
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION __ICL
+#else
+#  define FMT_ICC_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __NVCC__
+#  define FMT_CUDA_VERSION (__CUDACC_VER_MAJOR__ * 100 + __CUDACC_VER_MINOR__)
+#else
+#  define FMT_CUDA_VERSION 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __has_builtin
+#  define FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(x) __has_builtin(x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#  define FMT_NOINLINE __attribute__((noinline))
+#else
+#  define FMT_NOINLINE
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_MSC_DEFAULT = default
+#else
+#  define FMT_MSC_DEFAULT
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_THROW
+#  if FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+#    if FMT_MSC_VER || FMT_NVCC
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+template <typename Exception> inline void do_throw(const Exception& x) {
+  // Silence unreachable code warnings in MSVC and NVCC because these
+  // are nearly impossible to fix in a generic code.
+  volatile bool b = true;
+  if (b) throw x;
+}
+}  // namespace detail
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#      define FMT_THROW(x) detail::do_throw(x)
+#    else
+#      define FMT_THROW(x) throw x
+#    endif
+#  else
+#    define FMT_THROW(x)               \
+      do {                             \
+        FMT_ASSERT(false, (x).what()); \
+      } while (false)
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_EXCEPTIONS
+#  define FMT_TRY try
+#  define FMT_CATCH(x) catch (x)
+#else
+#  define FMT_TRY if (true)
+#  define FMT_CATCH(x) if (false)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_DEPRECATED
+#  if FMT_HAS_CPP14_ATTRIBUTE(deprecated) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+#    define FMT_DEPRECATED [[deprecated]]
+#  else
+#    if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__LCC__)) || defined(__clang__)
+#      define FMT_DEPRECATED __attribute__((deprecated))
+#    elif FMT_MSC_VER
+#      define FMT_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated)
+#    else
+#      define FMT_DEPRECATED /* deprecated */
+#    endif
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Workaround broken [[deprecated]] in the Intel, PGI and NVCC compilers.
+#if FMT_ICC_VERSION || defined(__PGI) || FMT_NVCC
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS
+#else
+#  define FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS FMT_DEPRECATED
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
+// EDG based compilers (Intel, NVIDIA, Elbrus, etc), GCC and MSVC support UDLs.
+#  if (FMT_HAS_FEATURE(cxx_user_literals) || FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 407 || \
+       FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900) &&                                         \
+      (!defined(__EDG_VERSION__) || __EDG_VERSION__ >= /* UDL feature */ 480)
+#    define FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS 1
+#  else
+#    define FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS 0
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Defining FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS to 1, will reduce the number of
+// integer formatter template instantiations to just one by only using the
+// largest integer type. This results in a reduction in binary size but will
+// cause a decrease in integer formatting performance.
+#if !defined(FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS)
+#  define FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS 0
+#endif
+
+// __builtin_clz is broken in clang with Microsoft CodeGen:
+// https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt/issues/519
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_clz)) && !FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ(n) __builtin_clz(n)
+#endif
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_clzll)) && !FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL(n) __builtin_clzll(n)
+#endif
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_ctz))
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(n) __builtin_ctz(n)
+#endif
+#if (FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_ctzll))
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(n) __builtin_ctzll(n)
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_MSC_VER
+#  include <intrin.h>  // _BitScanReverse[64], _BitScanForward[64], _umul128
+#endif
+
+// Some compilers masquerade as both MSVC and GCC-likes or otherwise support
+// __builtin_clz and __builtin_clzll, so only define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ using the
+// MSVC intrinsics if the clz and clzll builtins are not available.
+#if FMT_MSC_VER && !defined(FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL) && !defined(FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL)
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+// Avoid Clang with Microsoft CodeGen's -Wunknown-pragmas warning.
+#  if !defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma managed(push, off)
+#    pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#    pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse)
+#    if defined(_WIN64)
+#      pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward64)
+#      pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse64)
+#    endif
+#  endif
+
+inline int clz(uint32_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  _BitScanReverse(&r, x);
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  // Static analysis complains about using uninitialized data
+  // "r", but the only way that can happen is if "x" is 0,
+  // which the callers guarantee to not happen.
+  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 6102)
+  return 31 ^ static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ(n) detail::clz(n)
+
+inline int clzll(uint64_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+#  ifdef _WIN64
+  _BitScanReverse64(&r, x);
+#  else
+  // Scan the high 32 bits.
+  if (_BitScanReverse(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32))) return 63 ^ (r + 32);
+  // Scan the low 32 bits.
+  _BitScanReverse(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x));
+#  endif
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 6102)  // Suppress a bogus static analysis warning.
+  return 63 ^ static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL(n) detail::clzll(n)
+
+inline int ctz(uint32_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  _BitScanForward(&r, x);
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 6102)  // Suppress a bogus static analysis warning.
+  return static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZ(n) detail::ctz(n)
+
+inline int ctzll(uint64_t x) {
+  unsigned long r = 0;
+  FMT_ASSERT(x != 0, "");
+  FMT_MSC_WARNING(suppress : 6102)  // Suppress a bogus static analysis warning.
+#  ifdef _WIN64
+  _BitScanForward64(&r, x);
+#  else
+  // Scan the low 32 bits.
+  if (_BitScanForward(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x))) return static_cast<int>(r);
+  // Scan the high 32 bits.
+  _BitScanForward(&r, static_cast<uint32_t>(x >> 32));
+  r += 32;
+#  endif
+  return static_cast<int>(r);
+}
+#  define FMT_BUILTIN_CTZLL(n) detail::ctzll(n)
+#  if !defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma managed(pop)
+#  endif
+}  // namespace detail
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+#endif
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 202002L || \
+    (__cplusplus >= 201709L && FMT_GCC_VERSION >= 1002)
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20 constexpr
+#else
+#  define FMT_CONSTEXPR20
+#endif
+
+// An equivalent of `*reinterpret_cast<Dest*>(&source)` that doesn't have
+// undefined behavior (e.g. due to type aliasing).
+// Example: uint64_t d = bit_cast<uint64_t>(2.718);
+template <typename Dest, typename Source>
+inline Dest bit_cast(const Source& source) {
+  static_assert(sizeof(Dest) == sizeof(Source), "size mismatch");
+  Dest dest;
+  std::memcpy(&dest, &source, sizeof(dest));
+  return dest;
+}
+
+inline bool is_big_endian() {
+  const auto u = 1u;
+  struct bytes {
+    char data[sizeof(u)];
+  };
+  return bit_cast<bytes>(u).data[0] == 0;
+}
+
+// A fallback implementation of uintptr_t for systems that lack it.
+struct fallback_uintptr {
+  unsigned char value[sizeof(void*)];
+
+  fallback_uintptr() = default;
+  explicit fallback_uintptr(const void* p) {
+    *this = bit_cast<fallback_uintptr>(p);
+    if (is_big_endian()) {
+      for (size_t i = 0, j = sizeof(void*) - 1; i < j; ++i, --j)
+        std::swap(value[i], value[j]);
+    }
+  }
+};
+#ifdef UINTPTR_MAX
+using uintptr_t = ::uintptr_t;
+inline uintptr_t to_uintptr(const void* p) { return bit_cast<uintptr_t>(p); }
+#else
+using uintptr_t = fallback_uintptr;
+inline fallback_uintptr to_uintptr(const void* p) {
+  return fallback_uintptr(p);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Returns the largest possible value for type T. Same as
+// std::numeric_limits<T>::max() but shorter and not affected by the max macro.
+template <typename T> constexpr T max_value() {
+  return (std::numeric_limits<T>::max)();
+}
+template <typename T> constexpr int num_bits() {
+  return std::numeric_limits<T>::digits;
+}
+// std::numeric_limits<T>::digits may return 0 for 128-bit ints.
+template <> constexpr int num_bits<int128_t>() { return 128; }
+template <> constexpr int num_bits<uint128_t>() { return 128; }
+template <> constexpr int num_bits<fallback_uintptr>() {
+  return static_cast<int>(sizeof(void*) *
+                          std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits);
+}
+
+FMT_INLINE void assume(bool condition) {
+  (void)condition;
+#if FMT_HAS_BUILTIN(__builtin_assume)
+  __builtin_assume(condition);
+#endif
+}
+
+// An approximation of iterator_t for pre-C++20 systems.
+template <typename T>
+using iterator_t = decltype(std::begin(std::declval<T&>()));
+template <typename T> using sentinel_t = decltype(std::end(std::declval<T&>()));
+
+// A workaround for std::string not having mutable data() until C++17.
+template <typename Char> inline Char* get_data(std::basic_string<Char>& s) {
+  return &s[0];
+}
+template <typename Container>
+inline typename Container::value_type* get_data(Container& c) {
+  return c.data();
+}
+
+#if defined(_SECURE_SCL) && _SECURE_SCL
+// Make a checked iterator to avoid MSVC warnings.
+template <typename T> using checked_ptr = stdext::checked_array_iterator<T*>;
+template <typename T> checked_ptr<T> make_checked(T* p, size_t size) {
+  return {p, size};
+}
+#else
+template <typename T> using checked_ptr = T*;
+template <typename T> inline T* make_checked(T* p, size_t) { return p; }
+#endif
+
+// Attempts to reserve space for n extra characters in the output range.
+// Returns a pointer to the reserved range or a reference to it.
+template <typename Container, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_contiguous<Container>::value)>
+#if FMT_CLANG_VERSION >= 307 && !FMT_ICC_VERSION
+__attribute__((no_sanitize("undefined")))
+#endif
+inline checked_ptr<typename Container::value_type>
+reserve(std::back_insert_iterator<Container> it, size_t n) {
+  Container& c = get_container(it);
+  size_t size = c.size();
+  c.resize(size + n);
+  return make_checked(get_data(c) + size, n);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline buffer_appender<T> reserve(buffer_appender<T> it, size_t n) {
+  buffer<T>& buf = get_container(it);
+  buf.try_reserve(buf.size() + n);
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename Iterator> constexpr Iterator& reserve(Iterator& it, size_t) {
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt>
+using reserve_iterator =
+    remove_reference_t<decltype(reserve(std::declval<OutputIt&>(), 0))>;
+
+template <typename T, typename OutputIt>
+constexpr T* to_pointer(OutputIt, size_t) {
+  return nullptr;
+}
+template <typename T> T* to_pointer(buffer_appender<T> it, size_t n) {
+  buffer<T>& buf = get_container(it);
+  auto size = buf.size();
+  if (buf.capacity() < size + n) return nullptr;
+  buf.try_resize(size + n);
+  return buf.data() + size;
+}
+
+template <typename Container, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_contiguous<Container>::value)>
+inline std::back_insert_iterator<Container> base_iterator(
+    std::back_insert_iterator<Container>& it,
+    checked_ptr<typename Container::value_type>) {
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename Iterator>
+constexpr Iterator base_iterator(Iterator, Iterator it) {
+  return it;
+}
+
+// <algorithm> is spectacularly slow to compile in C++20 so use a simple fill_n
+// instead (#1998).
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Size, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt fill_n(OutputIt out, Size count, const T& value) {
+  for (Size i = 0; i < count; ++i) *out++ = value;
+  return out;
+}
+template <typename T, typename Size>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 T* fill_n(T* out, Size count, char value) {
+  if (is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    return fill_n<T*, Size, T>(out, count, value);
+  }
+  std::memset(out, value, to_unsigned(count));
+  return out + count;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cpp_char8_t
+using char8_type = char8_t;
+#else
+enum char8_type : unsigned char {};
+#endif
+
+template <typename InputIt, typename OutChar>
+using needs_conversion = bool_constant<
+    std::is_same<typename std::iterator_traits<InputIt>::value_type,
+                 char>::value &&
+    std::is_same<OutChar, char8_type>::value>;
+
+template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!needs_conversion<InputIt, OutChar>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out) {
+  while (begin != end) *out++ = *begin++;
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!needs_conversion<InputIt, OutChar>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 OutChar* copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutChar* out) {
+  if (is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    return copy_str<OutChar, InputIt, OutChar*>(begin, end, out);
+  }
+  auto size = to_unsigned(end - begin);
+  std::uninitialized_copy(begin, end, make_checked(out, size));
+  return out + size;
+}
+
+template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(needs_conversion<InputIt, OutChar>::value)>
+OutputIt copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, OutputIt out) {
+  while (begin != end) *out++ = static_cast<char8_type>(*begin++);
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!needs_conversion<InputIt, OutChar>::value)>
+appender copy_str(InputIt begin, InputIt end, appender out) {
+  get_container(out).append(begin, end);
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutChar, typename InputIt, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_NOINLINE OutputIt copy_str_noinline(InputIt begin,
+                                                      InputIt end,
+                                                      OutputIt out) {
+  return copy_str<OutChar>(begin, end, out);
+}
+
+// A public domain branchless UTF-8 decoder by Christopher Wellons:
+// https://github.com/skeeto/branchless-utf8
+/* Decode the next character, c, from s, reporting errors in e.
+ *
+ * Since this is a branchless decoder, four bytes will be read from the
+ * buffer regardless of the actual length of the next character. This
+ * means the buffer _must_ have at least three bytes of zero padding
+ * following the end of the data stream.
+ *
+ * Errors are reported in e, which will be non-zero if the parsed
+ * character was somehow invalid: invalid byte sequence, non-canonical
+ * encoding, or a surrogate half.
+ *
+ * The function returns a pointer to the next character. When an error
+ * occurs, this pointer will be a guess that depends on the particular
+ * error, but it will always advance at least one byte.
+ */
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline const char* utf8_decode(const char* s, uint32_t* c,
+                                             int* e) {
+  constexpr const int masks[] = {0x00, 0x7f, 0x1f, 0x0f, 0x07};
+  constexpr const uint32_t mins[] = {4194304, 0, 128, 2048, 65536};
+  constexpr const int shiftc[] = {0, 18, 12, 6, 0};
+  constexpr const int shifte[] = {0, 6, 4, 2, 0};
+
+  int len = code_point_length(s);
+  const char* next = s + len;
+
+  // Assume a four-byte character and load four bytes. Unused bits are
+  // shifted out.
+  *c = uint32_t(s[0] & masks[len]) << 18;
+  *c |= uint32_t(s[1] & 0x3f) << 12;
+  *c |= uint32_t(s[2] & 0x3f) << 6;
+  *c |= uint32_t(s[3] & 0x3f) << 0;
+  *c >>= shiftc[len];
+
+  // Accumulate the various error conditions.
+  using uchar = unsigned char;
+  *e = (*c < mins[len]) << 6;       // non-canonical encoding
+  *e |= ((*c >> 11) == 0x1b) << 7;  // surrogate half?
+  *e |= (*c > 0x10FFFF) << 8;       // out of range?
+  *e |= (uchar(s[1]) & 0xc0) >> 2;
+  *e |= (uchar(s[2]) & 0xc0) >> 4;
+  *e |= uchar(s[3]) >> 6;
+  *e ^= 0x2a;  // top two bits of each tail byte correct?
+  *e >>= shifte[len];
+
+  return next;
+}
+
+template <typename F>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void for_each_codepoint(string_view s, F f) {
+  auto decode = [f](const char* p) {
+    auto cp = uint32_t();
+    auto error = 0;
+    p = utf8_decode(p, &cp, &error);
+    f(cp, error);
+    return p;
+  };
+  auto p = s.data();
+  const size_t block_size = 4;  // utf8_decode always reads blocks of 4 chars.
+  if (s.size() >= block_size) {
+    for (auto end = p + s.size() - block_size + 1; p < end;) p = decode(p);
+  }
+  if (auto num_chars_left = s.data() + s.size() - p) {
+    char buf[2 * block_size - 1] = {};
+    copy_str<char>(p, p + num_chars_left, buf);
+    p = buf;
+    do {
+      p = decode(p);
+    } while (p - buf < num_chars_left);
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline size_t compute_width(basic_string_view<Char> s) {
+  return s.size();
+}
+
+// Computes approximate display width of a UTF-8 string.
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline size_t compute_width(string_view s) {
+  size_t num_code_points = 0;
+  // It is not a lambda for compatibility with C++14.
+  struct count_code_points {
+    size_t* count;
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR void operator()(uint32_t cp, int error) const {
+      *count += detail::to_unsigned(
+          1 +
+          (error == 0 && cp >= 0x1100 &&
+           (cp <= 0x115f ||  // Hangul Jamo init. consonants
+            cp == 0x2329 ||  // LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET〈
+            cp == 0x232a ||  // RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET 〉
+            // CJK ... Yi except Unicode Character “〿�:
+            (cp >= 0x2e80 && cp <= 0xa4cf && cp != 0x303f) ||
+            (cp >= 0xac00 && cp <= 0xd7a3) ||    // Hangul Syllables
+            (cp >= 0xf900 && cp <= 0xfaff) ||    // CJK Compatibility Ideographs
+            (cp >= 0xfe10 && cp <= 0xfe19) ||    // Vertical Forms
+            (cp >= 0xfe30 && cp <= 0xfe6f) ||    // CJK Compatibility Forms
+            (cp >= 0xff00 && cp <= 0xff60) ||    // Fullwidth Forms
+            (cp >= 0xffe0 && cp <= 0xffe6) ||    // Fullwidth Forms
+            (cp >= 0x20000 && cp <= 0x2fffd) ||  // CJK
+            (cp >= 0x30000 && cp <= 0x3fffd) ||
+            // Miscellaneous Symbols and Pictographs + Emoticons:
+            (cp >= 0x1f300 && cp <= 0x1f64f) ||
+            // Supplemental Symbols and Pictographs:
+            (cp >= 0x1f900 && cp <= 0x1f9ff))));
+    }
+  };
+  for_each_codepoint(s, count_code_points{&num_code_points});
+  return num_code_points;
+}
+
+inline size_t compute_width(basic_string_view<char8_type> s) {
+  return compute_width(basic_string_view<char>(
+      reinterpret_cast<const char*>(s.data()), s.size()));
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+inline size_t code_point_index(basic_string_view<Char> s, size_t n) {
+  size_t size = s.size();
+  return n < size ? n : size;
+}
+
+// Calculates the index of the nth code point in a UTF-8 string.
+inline size_t code_point_index(basic_string_view<char8_type> s, size_t n) {
+  const char8_type* data = s.data();
+  size_t num_code_points = 0;
+  for (size_t i = 0, size = s.size(); i != size; ++i) {
+    if ((data[i] & 0xc0) != 0x80 && ++num_code_points > n) return i;
+  }
+  return s.size();
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_fast_float = bool_constant<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_iec559 &&
+                                    sizeof(T) <= sizeof(double)>;
+
+#ifndef FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX
+#  define FMT_USE_FULL_CACHE_DRAGONBOX 0
+#endif
+
+template <typename T>
+template <typename U>
+void buffer<T>::append(const U* begin, const U* end) {
+  while (begin != end) {
+    auto count = to_unsigned(end - begin);
+    try_reserve(size_ + count);
+    auto free_cap = capacity_ - size_;
+    if (free_cap < count) count = free_cap;
+    std::uninitialized_copy_n(begin, count, make_checked(ptr_ + size_, count));
+    size_ += count;
+    begin += count;
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename T, typename Traits>
+void iterator_buffer<OutputIt, T, Traits>::flush() {
+  auto size = this->size();
+  this->clear();
+  out_ = copy_str<T>(data_, data_ + this->limit(size), out_);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct is_locale : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T>
+struct is_locale<T, void_t<decltype(T::classic())>> : std::true_type {};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+template <> struct is_char<wchar_t> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<detail::char8_type> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<char16_t> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_char<char32_t> : std::true_type {};
+
+// The number of characters to store in the basic_memory_buffer object itself
+// to avoid dynamic memory allocation.
+enum { inline_buffer_size = 500 };
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A dynamically growing memory buffer for trivially copyable/constructible types
+  with the first ``SIZE`` elements stored in the object itself.
+
+  You can use the ```memory_buffer`` type alias for ``char`` instead.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+     fmt::memory_buffer out;
+     format_to(out, "The answer is {}.", 42);
+
+  This will append the following output to the ``out`` object:
+
+  .. code-block:: none
+
+     The answer is 42.
+
+  The output can be converted to an ``std::string`` with ``to_string(out)``.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T, size_t SIZE = inline_buffer_size,
+          typename Allocator = std::allocator<T>>
+class basic_memory_buffer final : public detail::buffer<T> {
+ private:
+  T store_[SIZE];
+
+  // Don't inherit from Allocator avoid generating type_info for it.
+  Allocator alloc_;
+
+  // Deallocate memory allocated by the buffer.
+  void deallocate() {
+    T* data = this->data();
+    if (data != store_) alloc_.deallocate(data, this->capacity());
+  }
+
+ protected:
+  void grow(size_t size) final FMT_OVERRIDE;
+
+ public:
+  using value_type = T;
+  using const_reference = const T&;
+
+  explicit basic_memory_buffer(const Allocator& alloc = Allocator())
+      : alloc_(alloc) {
+    this->set(store_, SIZE);
+  }
+  ~basic_memory_buffer() { deallocate(); }
+
+ private:
+  // Move data from other to this buffer.
+  void move(basic_memory_buffer& other) {
+    alloc_ = std::move(other.alloc_);
+    T* data = other.data();
+    size_t size = other.size(), capacity = other.capacity();
+    if (data == other.store_) {
+      this->set(store_, capacity);
+      std::uninitialized_copy(other.store_, other.store_ + size,
+                              detail::make_checked(store_, capacity));
+    } else {
+      this->set(data, capacity);
+      // Set pointer to the inline array so that delete is not called
+      // when deallocating.
+      other.set(other.store_, 0);
+    }
+    this->resize(size);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs a :class:`fmt::basic_memory_buffer` object moving the content
+    of the other object to it.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  basic_memory_buffer(basic_memory_buffer&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT { move(other); }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Moves the content of the other ``basic_memory_buffer`` object to this one.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  basic_memory_buffer& operator=(basic_memory_buffer&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    FMT_ASSERT(this != &other, "");
+    deallocate();
+    move(other);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Returns a copy of the allocator associated with this buffer.
+  Allocator get_allocator() const { return alloc_; }
+
+  /**
+    Resizes the buffer to contain *count* elements. If T is a POD type new
+    elements may not be initialized.
+   */
+  void resize(size_t count) { this->try_resize(count); }
+
+  /** Increases the buffer capacity to *new_capacity*. */
+  void reserve(size_t new_capacity) { this->try_reserve(new_capacity); }
+
+  // Directly append data into the buffer
+  using detail::buffer<T>::append;
+  template <typename ContiguousRange>
+  void append(const ContiguousRange& range) {
+    append(range.data(), range.data() + range.size());
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T, size_t SIZE, typename Allocator>
+void basic_memory_buffer<T, SIZE, Allocator>::grow(size_t size) {
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
+  if (size > 5000) throw std::runtime_error("fuzz mode - won't grow that much");
+#endif
+  const size_t max_size = std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::max_size(alloc_);
+  size_t old_capacity = this->capacity();
+  size_t new_capacity = old_capacity + old_capacity / 2;
+  if (size > new_capacity)
+    new_capacity = size;
+  else if (new_capacity > max_size)
+    new_capacity = size > max_size ? size : max_size;
+  T* old_data = this->data();
+  T* new_data =
+      std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::allocate(alloc_, new_capacity);
+  // The following code doesn't throw, so the raw pointer above doesn't leak.
+  std::uninitialized_copy(old_data, old_data + this->size(),
+                          detail::make_checked(new_data, new_capacity));
+  this->set(new_data, new_capacity);
+  // deallocate must not throw according to the standard, but even if it does,
+  // the buffer already uses the new storage and will deallocate it in
+  // destructor.
+  if (old_data != store_) alloc_.deallocate(old_data, old_capacity);
+}
+
+using memory_buffer = basic_memory_buffer<char>;
+
+template <typename T, size_t SIZE, typename Allocator>
+struct is_contiguous<basic_memory_buffer<T, SIZE, Allocator>> : std::true_type {
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+FMT_API void print(std::FILE*, string_view);
+}
+
+/** A formatting error such as invalid format string. */
+FMT_CLASS_API
+class FMT_API format_error : public std::runtime_error {
+ public:
+  explicit format_error(const char* message) : std::runtime_error(message) {}
+  explicit format_error(const std::string& message)
+      : std::runtime_error(message) {}
+  format_error(const format_error&) = default;
+  format_error& operator=(const format_error&) = default;
+  format_error(format_error&&) = default;
+  format_error& operator=(format_error&&) = default;
+  ~format_error() FMT_NOEXCEPT FMT_OVERRIDE FMT_MSC_DEFAULT;
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs a `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references
+  to arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::format_args`.
+  If ``fmt`` is a compile-time string then `make_args_checked` checks
+  its validity at compile time.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... Args, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+FMT_INLINE auto make_args_checked(const S& fmt,
+                                  const remove_reference_t<Args>&... args)
+    -> format_arg_store<buffer_context<Char>, remove_reference_t<Args>...> {
+  static_assert(
+      detail::count<(
+              std::is_base_of<detail::view, remove_reference_t<Args>>::value &&
+              std::is_reference<Args>::value)...>() == 0,
+      "passing views as lvalues is disallowed");
+  detail::check_format_string<Args...>(fmt);
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+inline void throw_format_error(const char* message) {
+  FMT_THROW(format_error(message));
+}
+
+template <typename T> struct is_integral : std::is_integral<T> {};
+template <> struct is_integral<int128_t> : std::true_type {};
+template <> struct is_integral<uint128_t> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_signed =
+    std::integral_constant<bool, std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed ||
+                                     std::is_same<T, int128_t>::value>;
+
+// Returns true if value is negative, false otherwise.
+// Same as `value < 0` but doesn't produce warnings if T is an unsigned type.
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_signed<T>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_negative(T value) {
+  return value < 0;
+}
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_signed<T>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_negative(T) {
+  return false;
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR bool is_supported_floating_point(T) {
+  return (std::is_same<T, float>::value && FMT_USE_FLOAT) ||
+         (std::is_same<T, double>::value && FMT_USE_DOUBLE) ||
+         (std::is_same<T, long double>::value && FMT_USE_LONG_DOUBLE);
+}
+
+// Smallest of uint32_t, uint64_t, uint128_t that is large enough to
+// represent all values of an integral type T.
+template <typename T>
+using uint32_or_64_or_128_t =
+    conditional_t<num_bits<T>() <= 32 && !FMT_REDUCE_INT_INSTANTIATIONS,
+                  uint32_t,
+                  conditional_t<num_bits<T>() <= 64, uint64_t, uint128_t>>;
+template <typename T>
+using uint64_or_128_t = conditional_t<num_bits<T>() <= 64, uint64_t, uint128_t>;
+
+#define FMT_POWERS_OF_10(factor)                                             \
+  factor * 10, (factor)*100, (factor)*1000, (factor)*10000, (factor)*100000, \
+      (factor)*1000000, (factor)*10000000, (factor)*100000000,               \
+      (factor)*1000000000
+
+// Static data is placed in this class template for the header-only config.
+template <typename T = void> struct basic_data {
+  // log10(2) = 0x0.4d104d427de7fbcc...
+  static const uint64_t log10_2_significand = 0x4d104d427de7fbcc;
+
+  // GCC generates slightly better code for pairs than chars.
+  FMT_API static constexpr const char digits[][2] = {
+      {'0', '0'}, {'0', '1'}, {'0', '2'}, {'0', '3'}, {'0', '4'}, {'0', '5'},
+      {'0', '6'}, {'0', '7'}, {'0', '8'}, {'0', '9'}, {'1', '0'}, {'1', '1'},
+      {'1', '2'}, {'1', '3'}, {'1', '4'}, {'1', '5'}, {'1', '6'}, {'1', '7'},
+      {'1', '8'}, {'1', '9'}, {'2', '0'}, {'2', '1'}, {'2', '2'}, {'2', '3'},
+      {'2', '4'}, {'2', '5'}, {'2', '6'}, {'2', '7'}, {'2', '8'}, {'2', '9'},
+      {'3', '0'}, {'3', '1'}, {'3', '2'}, {'3', '3'}, {'3', '4'}, {'3', '5'},
+      {'3', '6'}, {'3', '7'}, {'3', '8'}, {'3', '9'}, {'4', '0'}, {'4', '1'},
+      {'4', '2'}, {'4', '3'}, {'4', '4'}, {'4', '5'}, {'4', '6'}, {'4', '7'},
+      {'4', '8'}, {'4', '9'}, {'5', '0'}, {'5', '1'}, {'5', '2'}, {'5', '3'},
+      {'5', '4'}, {'5', '5'}, {'5', '6'}, {'5', '7'}, {'5', '8'}, {'5', '9'},
+      {'6', '0'}, {'6', '1'}, {'6', '2'}, {'6', '3'}, {'6', '4'}, {'6', '5'},
+      {'6', '6'}, {'6', '7'}, {'6', '8'}, {'6', '9'}, {'7', '0'}, {'7', '1'},
+      {'7', '2'}, {'7', '3'}, {'7', '4'}, {'7', '5'}, {'7', '6'}, {'7', '7'},
+      {'7', '8'}, {'7', '9'}, {'8', '0'}, {'8', '1'}, {'8', '2'}, {'8', '3'},
+      {'8', '4'}, {'8', '5'}, {'8', '6'}, {'8', '7'}, {'8', '8'}, {'8', '9'},
+      {'9', '0'}, {'9', '1'}, {'9', '2'}, {'9', '3'}, {'9', '4'}, {'9', '5'},
+      {'9', '6'}, {'9', '7'}, {'9', '8'}, {'9', '9'}};
+
+  FMT_API static constexpr const char hex_digits[] = "0123456789abcdef";
+  FMT_API static constexpr const char signs[] = {0, '-', '+', ' '};
+  FMT_API static constexpr const unsigned prefixes[4] = {0, 0, 0x1000000u | '+',
+                                                         0x1000000u | ' '};
+  FMT_API static constexpr const char left_padding_shifts[] = {31, 31, 0, 1, 0};
+  FMT_API static constexpr const char right_padding_shifts[] = {0, 31, 0, 1, 0};
+};
+
+#ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+// Required for -flto, -fivisibility=hidden and -shared to work
+extern template struct basic_data<void>;
+#endif
+
+// This is a struct rather than an alias to avoid shadowing warnings in gcc.
+struct data : basic_data<> {};
+
+// Maps bsr(n) to ceil(log10(pow(2, bsr(n) + 1) - 1)).
+// This is a function instead of an array to workaround a bug in GCC10 (#1810).
+FMT_INLINE uint16_t bsr2log10(int bsr) {
+  static constexpr uint16_t data[] = {
+      1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  4,  4,  4,  4,  5,  5,  5,
+      6,  6,  6,  7,  7,  7,  7,  8,  8,  8,  9,  9,  9,  10, 10, 10,
+      10, 11, 11, 11, 12, 12, 12, 13, 13, 13, 13, 14, 14, 14, 15, 15,
+      15, 16, 16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 17, 18, 18, 18, 19, 19, 19, 19, 20};
+  return data[bsr];
+}
+
+template <typename T> FMT_CONSTEXPR int count_digits_fallback(T n) {
+  int count = 1;
+  for (;;) {
+    // Integer division is slow so do it for a group of four digits instead
+    // of for every digit. The idea comes from the talk by Alexandrescu
+    // "Three Optimization Tips for C++". See speed-test for a comparison.
+    if (n < 10) return count;
+    if (n < 100) return count + 1;
+    if (n < 1000) return count + 2;
+    if (n < 10000) return count + 3;
+    n /= 10000u;
+    count += 4;
+  }
+}
+#if FMT_USE_INT128
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline int count_digits(uint128_t n) {
+  return count_digits_fallback(n);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Returns the number of decimal digits in n. Leading zeros are not counted
+// except for n == 0 in which case count_digits returns 1.
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 inline int count_digits(uint64_t n) {
+  if (is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    return count_digits_fallback(n);
+  }
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL
+  // https://github.com/fmtlib/format-benchmark/blob/master/digits10
+  auto t = bsr2log10(FMT_BUILTIN_CLZLL(n | 1) ^ 63);
+  constexpr const uint64_t zero_or_powers_of_10[] = {
+      0, 0, FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1U), FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1000000000ULL),
+      10000000000000000000ULL};
+  return t - (n < zero_or_powers_of_10[t]);
+#else
+  return count_digits_fallback(n);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Counts the number of digits in n. BITS = log2(radix).
+template <int BITS, typename UInt> FMT_CONSTEXPR int count_digits(UInt n) {
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ
+  if (num_bits<UInt>() == 32)
+    return (FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ(static_cast<uint32_t>(n) | 1) ^ 31) / BITS + 1;
+#endif
+  int num_digits = 0;
+  do {
+    ++num_digits;
+  } while ((n >>= BITS) != 0);
+  return num_digits;
+}
+
+template <> int count_digits<4>(detail::fallback_uintptr n);
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION || FMT_CLANG_VERSION
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
+#elif FMT_MSC_VER
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
+#else
+#  define FMT_ALWAYS_INLINE inline
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ
+// Optional version of count_digits for better performance on 32-bit platforms.
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 inline int count_digits(uint32_t n) {
+  if (is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    return count_digits_fallback(n);
+  }
+  auto t = bsr2log10(FMT_BUILTIN_CLZ(n | 1) ^ 31);
+  constexpr const uint32_t zero_or_powers_of_10[] = {0, 0,
+                                                     FMT_POWERS_OF_10(1U)};
+  return t - (n < zero_or_powers_of_10[t]);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename Int> constexpr int digits10() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return std::numeric_limits<Int>::digits10;
+}
+template <> constexpr int digits10<int128_t>() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return 38; }
+template <> constexpr int digits10<uint128_t>() FMT_NOEXCEPT { return 38; }
+
+// DEPRECATED! grouping will be merged into thousands_sep.
+template <typename Char> FMT_API std::string grouping_impl(locale_ref loc);
+template <typename Char> inline std::string grouping(locale_ref loc) {
+  return grouping_impl<char>(loc);
+}
+template <> inline std::string grouping<wchar_t>(locale_ref loc) {
+  return grouping_impl<wchar_t>(loc);
+}
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_API Char thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref loc);
+template <typename Char> inline Char thousands_sep(locale_ref loc) {
+  return Char(thousands_sep_impl<char>(loc));
+}
+template <> inline wchar_t thousands_sep(locale_ref loc) {
+  return thousands_sep_impl<wchar_t>(loc);
+}
+
+template <typename Char> FMT_API Char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc);
+template <typename Char> inline Char decimal_point(locale_ref loc) {
+  return Char(decimal_point_impl<char>(loc));
+}
+template <> inline wchar_t decimal_point(locale_ref loc) {
+  return decimal_point_impl<wchar_t>(loc);
+}
+
+// Compares two characters for equality.
+template <typename Char> bool equal2(const Char* lhs, const char* rhs) {
+  return lhs[0] == rhs[0] && lhs[1] == rhs[1];
+}
+inline bool equal2(const char* lhs, const char* rhs) {
+  return memcmp(lhs, rhs, 2) == 0;
+}
+
+// Copies two characters from src to dst.
+template <typename Char> void copy2(Char* dst, const char* src) {
+  *dst++ = static_cast<Char>(*src++);
+  *dst = static_cast<Char>(*src);
+}
+FMT_INLINE void copy2(char* dst, const char* src) { memcpy(dst, src, 2); }
+
+template <typename Iterator> struct format_decimal_result {
+  Iterator begin;
+  Iterator end;
+};
+
+// Formats a decimal unsigned integer value writing into out pointing to a
+// buffer of specified size. The caller must ensure that the buffer is large
+// enough.
+template <typename Char, typename UInt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR20 format_decimal_result<Char*> format_decimal(Char* out,
+                                                            UInt value,
+                                                            int size) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(size >= count_digits(value), "invalid digit count");
+  out += size;
+  Char* end = out;
+  if (is_constant_evaluated()) {
+    while (value >= 10) {
+      *--out = static_cast<Char>('0' + value % 10);
+      value /= 10;
+    }
+    *--out = static_cast<Char>('0' + value);
+    return {out, end};
+  }
+  while (value >= 100) {
+    // Integer division is slow so do it for a group of two digits instead
+    // of for every digit. The idea comes from the talk by Alexandrescu
+    // "Three Optimization Tips for C++". See speed-test for a comparison.
+    out -= 2;
+    copy2(out, data::digits[value % 100]);
+    value /= 100;
+  }
+  if (value < 10) {
+    *--out = static_cast<Char>('0' + value);
+    return {out, end};
+  }
+  out -= 2;
+  copy2(out, data::digits[value]);
+  return {out, end};
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename UInt, typename Iterator,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_pointer<remove_cvref_t<Iterator>>::value)>
+inline format_decimal_result<Iterator> format_decimal(Iterator out, UInt value,
+                                                      int size) {
+  // Buffer is large enough to hold all digits (digits10 + 1).
+  Char buffer[digits10<UInt>() + 1];
+  auto end = format_decimal(buffer, value, size).end;
+  return {out, detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(buffer, end, out)};
+}
+
+template <unsigned BASE_BITS, typename Char, typename UInt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR Char* format_uint(Char* buffer, UInt value, int num_digits,
+                                bool upper = false) {
+  buffer += num_digits;
+  Char* end = buffer;
+  do {
+    const char* digits = upper ? "0123456789ABCDEF" : data::hex_digits;
+    unsigned digit = (value & ((1 << BASE_BITS) - 1));
+    *--buffer = static_cast<Char>(BASE_BITS < 4 ? static_cast<char>('0' + digit)
+                                                : digits[digit]);
+  } while ((value >>= BASE_BITS) != 0);
+  return end;
+}
+
+template <unsigned BASE_BITS, typename Char>
+Char* format_uint(Char* buffer, detail::fallback_uintptr n, int num_digits,
+                  bool = false) {
+  auto char_digits = std::numeric_limits<unsigned char>::digits / 4;
+  int start = (num_digits + char_digits - 1) / char_digits - 1;
+  if (int start_digits = num_digits % char_digits) {
+    unsigned value = n.value[start--];
+    buffer = format_uint<BASE_BITS>(buffer, value, start_digits);
+  }
+  for (; start >= 0; --start) {
+    unsigned value = n.value[start];
+    buffer += char_digits;
+    auto p = buffer;
+    for (int i = 0; i < char_digits; ++i) {
+      unsigned digit = (value & ((1 << BASE_BITS) - 1));
+      *--p = static_cast<Char>(data::hex_digits[digit]);
+      value >>= BASE_BITS;
+    }
+  }
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+template <unsigned BASE_BITS, typename Char, typename It, typename UInt>
+inline It format_uint(It out, UInt value, int num_digits, bool upper = false) {
+  if (auto ptr = to_pointer<Char>(out, to_unsigned(num_digits))) {
+    format_uint<BASE_BITS>(ptr, value, num_digits, upper);
+    return out;
+  }
+  // Buffer should be large enough to hold all digits (digits / BASE_BITS + 1).
+  char buffer[num_bits<UInt>() / BASE_BITS + 1];
+  format_uint<BASE_BITS>(buffer, value, num_digits, upper);
+  return detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(buffer, buffer + num_digits, out);
+}
+
+// A converter from UTF-8 to UTF-16.
+class utf8_to_utf16 {
+ private:
+  basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t> buffer_;
+
+ public:
+  FMT_API explicit utf8_to_utf16(string_view s);
+  operator basic_string_view<wchar_t>() const { return {&buffer_[0], size()}; }
+  size_t size() const { return buffer_.size() - 1; }
+  const wchar_t* c_str() const { return &buffer_[0]; }
+  std::wstring str() const { return {&buffer_[0], size()}; }
+};
+
+namespace dragonbox {
+
+// Type-specific information that Dragonbox uses.
+template <class T> struct float_info;
+
+template <> struct float_info<float> {
+  using carrier_uint = uint32_t;
+  static const int significand_bits = 23;
+  static const int exponent_bits = 8;
+  static const int min_exponent = -126;
+  static const int max_exponent = 127;
+  static const int exponent_bias = -127;
+  static const int decimal_digits = 9;
+  static const int kappa = 1;
+  static const int big_divisor = 100;
+  static const int small_divisor = 10;
+  static const int min_k = -31;
+  static const int max_k = 46;
+  static const int cache_bits = 64;
+  static const int divisibility_check_by_5_threshold = 39;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_lower_threshold = -1;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_upper_threshold = 6;
+  static const int case_fc_lower_threshold = -2;
+  static const int case_fc_upper_threshold = 6;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold = 3;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold = -35;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold = -35;
+  static const int max_trailing_zeros = 7;
+};
+
+template <> struct float_info<double> {
+  using carrier_uint = uint64_t;
+  static const int significand_bits = 52;
+  static const int exponent_bits = 11;
+  static const int min_exponent = -1022;
+  static const int max_exponent = 1023;
+  static const int exponent_bias = -1023;
+  static const int decimal_digits = 17;
+  static const int kappa = 2;
+  static const int big_divisor = 1000;
+  static const int small_divisor = 100;
+  static const int min_k = -292;
+  static const int max_k = 326;
+  static const int cache_bits = 128;
+  static const int divisibility_check_by_5_threshold = 86;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_lower_threshold = -2;
+  static const int case_fc_pm_half_upper_threshold = 9;
+  static const int case_fc_lower_threshold = -4;
+  static const int case_fc_upper_threshold = 9;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_lower_threshold = 2;
+  static const int case_shorter_interval_left_endpoint_upper_threshold = 3;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_lower_threshold = -77;
+  static const int shorter_interval_tie_upper_threshold = -77;
+  static const int max_trailing_zeros = 16;
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct decimal_fp {
+  using significand_type = typename float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
+  significand_type significand;
+  int exponent;
+};
+
+template <typename T> FMT_API decimal_fp<T> to_decimal(T x) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+}  // namespace dragonbox
+
+template <typename T>
+constexpr typename dragonbox::float_info<T>::carrier_uint exponent_mask() {
+  using uint = typename dragonbox::float_info<T>::carrier_uint;
+  return ((uint(1) << dragonbox::float_info<T>::exponent_bits) - 1)
+         << dragonbox::float_info<T>::significand_bits;
+}
+
+// Writes the exponent exp in the form "[+-]d{2,3}" to buffer.
+template <typename Char, typename It> It write_exponent(int exp, It it) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(-10000 < exp && exp < 10000, "exponent out of range");
+  if (exp < 0) {
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
+    exp = -exp;
+  } else {
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('+');
+  }
+  if (exp >= 100) {
+    const char* top = data::digits[exp / 100];
+    if (exp >= 1000) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(top[0]);
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>(top[1]);
+    exp %= 100;
+  }
+  const char* d = data::digits[exp];
+  *it++ = static_cast<Char>(d[0]);
+  *it++ = static_cast<Char>(d[1]);
+  return it;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+int format_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf);
+
+// Formats a floating-point number with snprintf.
+template <typename T>
+int snprintf_float(T value, int precision, float_specs specs,
+                   buffer<char>& buf);
+
+template <typename T> T promote_float(T value) { return value; }
+inline double promote_float(float value) { return static_cast<double>(value); }
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+FMT_NOINLINE FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt fill(OutputIt it, size_t n,
+                                         const fill_t<Char>& fill) {
+  auto fill_size = fill.size();
+  if (fill_size == 1) return detail::fill_n(it, n, fill[0]);
+  auto data = fill.data();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+    it = copy_str<Char>(data, data + fill_size, it);
+  return it;
+}
+
+// Writes the output of f, padded according to format specifications in specs.
+// size: output size in code units.
+// width: output display width in (terminal) column positions.
+template <align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+          typename F>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write_padded(OutputIt out,
+                                    const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                    size_t size, size_t width, F&& f) {
+  static_assert(align == align::left || align == align::right, "");
+  unsigned spec_width = to_unsigned(specs.width);
+  size_t padding = spec_width > width ? spec_width - width : 0;
+  auto* shifts = align == align::left ? data::left_padding_shifts
+                                      : data::right_padding_shifts;
+  size_t left_padding = padding >> shifts[specs.align];
+  size_t right_padding = padding - left_padding;
+  auto it = reserve(out, size + padding * specs.fill.size());
+  if (left_padding != 0) it = fill(it, left_padding, specs.fill);
+  it = f(it);
+  if (right_padding != 0) it = fill(it, right_padding, specs.fill);
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <align::type align = align::left, typename OutputIt, typename Char,
+          typename F>
+constexpr OutputIt write_padded(OutputIt out,
+                                const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                size_t size, F&& f) {
+  return write_padded<align>(out, specs, size, size, f);
+}
+
+template <align::type align = align::left, typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write_bytes(OutputIt out, string_view bytes,
+                                   const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs) {
+  return write_padded<align>(
+      out, specs, bytes.size(), [bytes](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+        const char* data = bytes.data();
+        return copy_str<Char>(data, data + bytes.size(), it);
+      });
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename UIntPtr>
+OutputIt write_ptr(OutputIt out, UIntPtr value,
+                   const basic_format_specs<Char>* specs) {
+  int num_digits = count_digits<4>(value);
+  auto size = to_unsigned(num_digits) + size_t(2);
+  auto write = [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('0');
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>('x');
+    return format_uint<4, Char>(it, value, num_digits);
+  };
+  return specs ? write_padded<align::right>(out, *specs, size, write)
+               : base_iterator(out, write(reserve(out, size)));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write_char(OutputIt out, Char value,
+                                  const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs) {
+  return write_padded(out, specs, 1, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+    *it++ = value;
+    return it;
+  });
+}
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, Char value,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                             locale_ref loc = {}) {
+  return check_char_specs(specs)
+             ? write_char(out, value, specs)
+             : write(out, static_cast<int>(value), specs, loc);
+}
+
+// Data for write_int that doesn't depend on output iterator type. It is used to
+// avoid template code bloat.
+template <typename Char> struct write_int_data {
+  size_t size;
+  size_t padding;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR write_int_data(int num_digits, unsigned prefix,
+                               const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs)
+      : size((prefix >> 24) + to_unsigned(num_digits)), padding(0) {
+    if (specs.align == align::numeric) {
+      auto width = to_unsigned(specs.width);
+      if (width > size) {
+        padding = width - size;
+        size = width;
+      }
+    } else if (specs.precision > num_digits) {
+      size = (prefix >> 24) + to_unsigned(specs.precision);
+      padding = to_unsigned(specs.precision - num_digits);
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+// Writes an integer in the format
+//   <left-padding><prefix><numeric-padding><digits><right-padding>
+// where <digits> are written by write_digits(it).
+// prefix contains chars in three lower bytes and the size in the fourth byte.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename W>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE OutputIt
+write_int(OutputIt out, int num_digits, unsigned prefix,
+          const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs, W write_digits) {
+  // Slightly faster check for specs.width == 0 && specs.precision == -1.
+  if ((specs.width | (specs.precision + 1)) == 0) {
+    auto it = reserve(out, to_unsigned(num_digits) + (prefix >> 24));
+    if (prefix != 0) {
+      for (unsigned p = prefix & 0xffffff; p != 0; p >>= 8)
+        *it++ = static_cast<Char>(p & 0xff);
+    }
+    return base_iterator(out, write_digits(it));
+  }
+  auto data = write_int_data<Char>(num_digits, prefix, specs);
+  return write_padded<align::right>(
+      out, specs, data.size, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+        for (unsigned p = prefix & 0xffffff; p != 0; p >>= 8)
+          *it++ = static_cast<Char>(p & 0xff);
+        it = detail::fill_n(it, data.padding, static_cast<Char>('0'));
+        return write_digits(it);
+      });
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename UInt, typename Char>
+bool write_int_localized(OutputIt& out, UInt value, unsigned prefix,
+                         const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                         locale_ref loc) {
+  static_assert(std::is_same<uint64_or_128_t<UInt>, UInt>::value, "");
+  const auto sep_size = 1;
+  std::string groups = grouping<Char>(loc);
+  if (groups.empty()) return false;
+  auto sep = thousands_sep<Char>(loc);
+  if (!sep) return false;
+  int num_digits = count_digits(value);
+  int size = num_digits, n = num_digits;
+  std::string::const_iterator group = groups.cbegin();
+  while (group != groups.cend() && n > *group && *group > 0 &&
+         *group != max_value<char>()) {
+    size += sep_size;
+    n -= *group;
+    ++group;
+  }
+  if (group == groups.cend()) size += sep_size * ((n - 1) / groups.back());
+  char digits[40];
+  format_decimal(digits, value, num_digits);
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  if (prefix != 0) ++size;
+  const auto usize = to_unsigned(size);
+  buffer.resize(usize);
+  basic_string_view<Char> s(&sep, sep_size);
+  // Index of a decimal digit with the least significant digit having index 0.
+  int digit_index = 0;
+  group = groups.cbegin();
+  auto p = buffer.data() + size - 1;
+  for (int i = num_digits - 1; i > 0; --i) {
+    *p-- = static_cast<Char>(digits[i]);
+    if (*group <= 0 || ++digit_index % *group != 0 ||
+        *group == max_value<char>())
+      continue;
+    if (group + 1 != groups.cend()) {
+      digit_index = 0;
+      ++group;
+    }
+    std::uninitialized_copy(s.data(), s.data() + s.size(),
+                            make_checked(p, s.size()));
+    p -= s.size();
+  }
+  *p-- = static_cast<Char>(*digits);
+  if (prefix != 0) *p = static_cast<Char>(prefix);
+  auto data = buffer.data();
+  out = write_padded<align::right>(
+      out, specs, usize, usize, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+        return copy_str<Char>(data, data + size, it);
+      });
+  return true;
+}
+
+FMT_CONSTEXPR inline void prefix_append(unsigned& prefix, unsigned value) {
+  prefix |= prefix != 0 ? value << 8 : value;
+  prefix += (1u + (value > 0xff ? 1 : 0)) << 24;
+}
+
+template <typename UInt> struct write_int_arg {
+  UInt abs_value;
+  unsigned prefix;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto make_write_int_arg(T value, sign_t sign)
+    -> write_int_arg<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>> {
+  auto prefix = 0u;
+  auto abs_value = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>(value);
+  if (is_negative(value)) {
+    prefix = 0x01000000 | '-';
+    abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
+  } else {
+    prefix = data::prefixes[sign];
+  }
+  return {abs_value, prefix};
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto write_int(OutputIt out, write_int_arg<T> arg,
+                                        const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                        locale_ref loc) -> OutputIt {
+  static_assert(std::is_same<T, uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>::value, "");
+  auto abs_value = arg.abs_value;
+  auto prefix = arg.prefix;
+  auto utype = static_cast<unsigned>(specs.type);
+  switch (specs.type) {
+  case 0:
+  case 'd': {
+    if (specs.localized &&
+        write_int_localized(out, static_cast<uint64_or_128_t<T>>(abs_value),
+                            prefix, specs, loc)) {
+      return out;
+    }
+    auto num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
+    return write_int(
+        out, num_digits, prefix, specs, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+          return format_decimal<Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits).end;
+        });
+  }
+  case 'x':
+  case 'X': {
+    if (specs.alt) prefix_append(prefix, (utype << 8) | '0');
+    bool upper = specs.type != 'x';
+    int num_digits = count_digits<4>(abs_value);
+    return write_int(
+        out, num_digits, prefix, specs, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+          return format_uint<4, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits, upper);
+        });
+  }
+  case 'b':
+  case 'B': {
+    if (specs.alt) prefix_append(prefix, (utype << 8) | '0');
+    int num_digits = count_digits<1>(abs_value);
+    return write_int(out, num_digits, prefix, specs,
+                     [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+                       return format_uint<1, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
+                     });
+  }
+  case 'o': {
+    int num_digits = count_digits<3>(abs_value);
+    if (specs.alt && specs.precision <= num_digits && abs_value != 0) {
+      // Octal prefix '0' is counted as a digit, so only add it if precision
+      // is not greater than the number of digits.
+      prefix_append(prefix, '0');
+    }
+    return write_int(out, num_digits, prefix, specs,
+                     [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+                       return format_uint<3, Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits);
+                     });
+  }
+  case 'c':
+    return write_char(out, static_cast<Char>(abs_value), specs);
+  default:
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid type specifier"));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
+                        std::is_same<OutputIt, buffer_appender<Char>>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                             locale_ref loc) {
+  return write_int(out, make_write_int_arg(value, specs.sign), specs, loc);
+}
+// An inlined version of write used in format string compilation.
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<OutputIt, buffer_appender<Char>>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value,
+                                        const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                                        locale_ref loc) {
+  return write_int(out, make_write_int_arg(value, specs.sign), specs, loc);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> s,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs) {
+  auto data = s.data();
+  auto size = s.size();
+  if (specs.precision >= 0 && to_unsigned(specs.precision) < size)
+    size = code_point_index(s, to_unsigned(specs.precision));
+  auto width =
+      specs.width != 0 ? compute_width(basic_string_view<Char>(data, size)) : 0;
+  return write_padded(out, specs, size, width,
+                      [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+                        return copy_str<Char>(data, data + size, it);
+                      });
+}
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out,
+                             basic_string_view<type_identity_t<Char>> s,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                             locale_ref) {
+  return write(out, s, specs);
+}
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, const Char* s,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                             locale_ref) {
+  return check_cstring_type_spec(specs.type)
+             ? write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(s), specs, {})
+             : write_ptr<Char>(out, to_uintptr(s), &specs);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write_nonfinite(OutputIt out, bool isinf,
+                         basic_format_specs<Char> specs,
+                         const float_specs& fspecs) {
+  auto str =
+      isinf ? (fspecs.upper ? "INF" : "inf") : (fspecs.upper ? "NAN" : "nan");
+  constexpr size_t str_size = 3;
+  auto sign = fspecs.sign;
+  auto size = str_size + (sign ? 1 : 0);
+  // Replace '0'-padding with space for non-finite values.
+  const bool is_zero_fill =
+      specs.fill.size() == 1 && *specs.fill.data() == static_cast<Char>('0');
+  if (is_zero_fill) specs.fill[0] = static_cast<Char>(' ');
+  return write_padded(out, specs, size, [=](reserve_iterator<OutputIt> it) {
+    if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+    return copy_str<Char>(str, str + str_size, it);
+  });
+}
+
+// A decimal floating-point number significand * pow(10, exp).
+struct big_decimal_fp {
+  const char* significand;
+  int significand_size;
+  int exponent;
+};
+
+inline int get_significand_size(const big_decimal_fp& fp) {
+  return fp.significand_size;
+}
+template <typename T>
+inline int get_significand_size(const dragonbox::decimal_fp<T>& fp) {
+  return count_digits(fp.significand);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, const char* significand,
+                                  int& significand_size) {
+  return copy_str<Char>(significand, significand + significand_size, out);
+}
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename UInt>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, UInt significand,
+                                  int significand_size) {
+  return format_decimal<Char>(out, significand, significand_size).end;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename UInt,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<UInt>::value)>
+inline Char* write_significand(Char* out, UInt significand,
+                               int significand_size, int integral_size,
+                               Char decimal_point) {
+  if (!decimal_point)
+    return format_decimal(out, significand, significand_size).end;
+  auto end = format_decimal(out + 1, significand, significand_size).end;
+  if (integral_size == 1) {
+    out[0] = out[1];
+  } else {
+    std::uninitialized_copy_n(out + 1, integral_size,
+                              make_checked(out, to_unsigned(integral_size)));
+  }
+  out[integral_size] = decimal_point;
+  return end;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename UInt, typename Char,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_pointer<remove_cvref_t<OutputIt>>::value)>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, UInt significand,
+                                  int significand_size, int integral_size,
+                                  Char decimal_point) {
+  // Buffer is large enough to hold digits (digits10 + 1) and a decimal point.
+  Char buffer[digits10<UInt>() + 2];
+  auto end = write_significand(buffer, significand, significand_size,
+                               integral_size, decimal_point);
+  return detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(buffer, end, out);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+inline OutputIt write_significand(OutputIt out, const char* significand,
+                                  int significand_size, int integral_size,
+                                  Char decimal_point) {
+  out = detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(significand,
+                                        significand + integral_size, out);
+  if (!decimal_point) return out;
+  *out++ = decimal_point;
+  return detail::copy_str_noinline<Char>(significand + integral_size,
+                                         significand + significand_size, out);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename DecimalFP, typename Char>
+OutputIt write_float(OutputIt out, const DecimalFP& fp,
+                     const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs, float_specs fspecs,
+                     Char decimal_point) {
+  auto significand = fp.significand;
+  int significand_size = get_significand_size(fp);
+  static const Char zero = static_cast<Char>('0');
+  auto sign = fspecs.sign;
+  size_t size = to_unsigned(significand_size) + (sign ? 1 : 0);
+  using iterator = reserve_iterator<OutputIt>;
+
+  int output_exp = fp.exponent + significand_size - 1;
+  auto use_exp_format = [=]() {
+    if (fspecs.format == float_format::exp) return true;
+    if (fspecs.format != float_format::general) return false;
+    // Use the fixed notation if the exponent is in [exp_lower, exp_upper),
+    // e.g. 0.0001 instead of 1e-04. Otherwise use the exponent notation.
+    const int exp_lower = -4, exp_upper = 16;
+    return output_exp < exp_lower ||
+           output_exp >= (fspecs.precision > 0 ? fspecs.precision : exp_upper);
+  };
+  if (use_exp_format()) {
+    int num_zeros = 0;
+    if (fspecs.showpoint) {
+      num_zeros = fspecs.precision - significand_size;
+      if (num_zeros < 0) num_zeros = 0;
+      size += to_unsigned(num_zeros);
+    } else if (significand_size == 1) {
+      decimal_point = Char();
+    }
+    auto abs_output_exp = output_exp >= 0 ? output_exp : -output_exp;
+    int exp_digits = 2;
+    if (abs_output_exp >= 100) exp_digits = abs_output_exp >= 1000 ? 4 : 3;
+
+    size += to_unsigned((decimal_point ? 1 : 0) + 2 + exp_digits);
+    char exp_char = fspecs.upper ? 'E' : 'e';
+    auto write = [=](iterator it) {
+      if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+      // Insert a decimal point after the first digit and add an exponent.
+      it = write_significand(it, significand, significand_size, 1,
+                             decimal_point);
+      if (num_zeros > 0) it = detail::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero);
+      *it++ = static_cast<Char>(exp_char);
+      return write_exponent<Char>(output_exp, it);
+    };
+    return specs.width > 0 ? write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, write)
+                           : base_iterator(out, write(reserve(out, size)));
+  }
+
+  int exp = fp.exponent + significand_size;
+  if (fp.exponent >= 0) {
+    // 1234e5 -> 123400000[.0+]
+    size += to_unsigned(fp.exponent);
+    int num_zeros = fspecs.precision - exp;
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
+    if (num_zeros > 5000)
+      throw std::runtime_error("fuzz mode - avoiding excessive cpu use");
+#endif
+    if (fspecs.showpoint) {
+      if (num_zeros <= 0 && fspecs.format != float_format::fixed) num_zeros = 1;
+      if (num_zeros > 0) size += to_unsigned(num_zeros) + 1;
+    }
+    return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+      if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+      it = write_significand<Char>(it, significand, significand_size);
+      it = detail::fill_n(it, fp.exponent, zero);
+      if (!fspecs.showpoint) return it;
+      *it++ = decimal_point;
+      return num_zeros > 0 ? detail::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero) : it;
+    });
+  } else if (exp > 0) {
+    // 1234e-2 -> 12.34[0+]
+    int num_zeros = fspecs.showpoint ? fspecs.precision - significand_size : 0;
+    size += 1 + to_unsigned(num_zeros > 0 ? num_zeros : 0);
+    return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+      if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+      it = write_significand(it, significand, significand_size, exp,
+                             decimal_point);
+      return num_zeros > 0 ? detail::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero) : it;
+    });
+  }
+  // 1234e-6 -> 0.001234
+  int num_zeros = -exp;
+  if (significand_size == 0 && fspecs.precision >= 0 &&
+      fspecs.precision < num_zeros) {
+    num_zeros = fspecs.precision;
+  }
+  bool pointy = num_zeros != 0 || significand_size != 0 || fspecs.showpoint;
+  size += 1 + (pointy ? 1 : 0) + to_unsigned(num_zeros);
+  return write_padded<align::right>(out, specs, size, [&](iterator it) {
+    if (sign) *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[sign]);
+    *it++ = zero;
+    if (!pointy) return it;
+    *it++ = decimal_point;
+    it = detail::fill_n(it, num_zeros, zero);
+    return write_significand<Char>(it, significand, significand_size);
+  });
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value, basic_format_specs<Char> specs,
+               locale_ref loc = {}) {
+  if (const_check(!is_supported_floating_point(value))) return out;
+  float_specs fspecs = parse_float_type_spec(specs);
+  fspecs.sign = specs.sign;
+  if (std::signbit(value)) {  // value < 0 is false for NaN so use signbit.
+    fspecs.sign = sign::minus;
+    value = -value;
+  } else if (fspecs.sign == sign::minus) {
+    fspecs.sign = sign::none;
+  }
+
+  if (!std::isfinite(value))
+    return write_nonfinite(out, std::isinf(value), specs, fspecs);
+
+  if (specs.align == align::numeric && fspecs.sign) {
+    auto it = reserve(out, 1);
+    *it++ = static_cast<Char>(data::signs[fspecs.sign]);
+    out = base_iterator(out, it);
+    fspecs.sign = sign::none;
+    if (specs.width != 0) --specs.width;
+  }
+
+  memory_buffer buffer;
+  if (fspecs.format == float_format::hex) {
+    if (fspecs.sign) buffer.push_back(data::signs[fspecs.sign]);
+    snprintf_float(promote_float(value), specs.precision, fspecs, buffer);
+    return write_bytes<align::right>(out, {buffer.data(), buffer.size()},
+                                     specs);
+  }
+  int precision = specs.precision >= 0 || !specs.type ? specs.precision : 6;
+  if (fspecs.format == float_format::exp) {
+    if (precision == max_value<int>())
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("number is too big"));
+    else
+      ++precision;
+  }
+  if (const_check(std::is_same<T, float>())) fspecs.binary32 = true;
+  fspecs.use_grisu = is_fast_float<T>();
+  int exp = format_float(promote_float(value), precision, fspecs, buffer);
+  fspecs.precision = precision;
+  Char point =
+      fspecs.locale ? decimal_point<Char>(loc) : static_cast<Char>('.');
+  auto fp = big_decimal_fp{buffer.data(), static_cast<int>(buffer.size()), exp};
+  return write_float(out, fp, specs, fspecs, point);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_fast_float<T>::value)>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value) {
+  if (const_check(!is_supported_floating_point(value))) return out;
+
+  using floaty = conditional_t<std::is_same<T, long double>::value, double, T>;
+  using uint = typename dragonbox::float_info<floaty>::carrier_uint;
+  auto bits = bit_cast<uint>(value);
+
+  auto fspecs = float_specs();
+  auto sign_bit = bits & (uint(1) << (num_bits<uint>() - 1));
+  if (sign_bit != 0) {
+    fspecs.sign = sign::minus;
+    value = -value;
+  }
+
+  static const auto specs = basic_format_specs<Char>();
+  uint mask = exponent_mask<floaty>();
+  if ((bits & mask) == mask)
+    return write_nonfinite(out, std::isinf(value), specs, fspecs);
+
+  auto dec = dragonbox::to_decimal(static_cast<floaty>(value));
+  return write_float(out, dec, specs, fspecs, static_cast<Char>('.'));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value &&
+                        !is_fast_float<T>::value)>
+inline OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value) {
+  return write(out, value, basic_format_specs<Char>());
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, monostate, basic_format_specs<Char> = {},
+               locale_ref = {}) {
+  FMT_ASSERT(false, "");
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<Char> value) {
+  auto it = reserve(out, value.size());
+  it = copy_str_noinline<Char>(value.begin(), value.end(), it);
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_string<T>::value)>
+constexpr OutputIt write(OutputIt out, const T& value) {
+  return write<Char>(out, to_string_view(value));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
+                        !std::is_same<T, Char>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value) {
+  auto abs_value = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>(value);
+  bool negative = is_negative(value);
+  // Don't do -abs_value since it trips unsigned-integer-overflow sanitizer.
+  if (negative) abs_value = ~abs_value + 1;
+  int num_digits = count_digits(abs_value);
+  auto size = (negative ? 1 : 0) + static_cast<size_t>(num_digits);
+  auto it = reserve(out, size);
+  if (auto ptr = to_pointer<Char>(it, size)) {
+    if (negative) *ptr++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
+    format_decimal<Char>(ptr, abs_value, num_digits);
+    return out;
+  }
+  if (negative) *it++ = static_cast<Char>('-');
+  it = format_decimal<Char>(it, abs_value, num_digits).end;
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+// FMT_ENABLE_IF() condition separated to workaround MSVC bug
+template <
+    typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+    bool check =
+        std::is_enum<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, Char>::value &&
+        mapped_type_constant<T, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>>::value !=
+            type::custom_type,
+    FMT_ENABLE_IF(check)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value) {
+  return write<Char>(
+      out, static_cast<typename std::underlying_type<T>::type>(value));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, bool>::value)>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, T value,
+                             const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs = {},
+                             locale_ref = {}) {
+  return specs.type && specs.type != 's'
+             ? write(out, value ? 1 : 0, specs, {})
+             : write_bytes(out, value ? "true" : "false", specs);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR OutputIt write(OutputIt out, Char value) {
+  auto it = reserve(out, 1);
+  *it++ = value;
+  return base_iterator(out, it);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR_CHAR_TRAITS OutputIt write(OutputIt out, const Char* value) {
+  if (!value) {
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("string pointer is null"));
+  } else {
+    auto length = std::char_traits<Char>::length(value);
+    out = write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(value, length));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<T, void>::value)>
+OutputIt write(OutputIt out, const T* value,
+               const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs = {}, locale_ref = {}) {
+  check_pointer_type_spec(specs.type, error_handler());
+  return write_ptr<Char>(out, to_uintptr(value), &specs);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR auto write(OutputIt out, const T& value) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<
+        mapped_type_constant<T, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>>::value ==
+            type::custom_type,
+        OutputIt>::type {
+  using context_type = basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>;
+  using formatter_type =
+      conditional_t<has_formatter<T, context_type>::value,
+                    typename context_type::template formatter_type<T>,
+                    fallback_formatter<T, Char>>;
+  context_type ctx(out, {}, {});
+  return formatter_type().format(value, ctx);
+}
+
+// An argument visitor that formats the argument and writes it via the output
+// iterator. It's a class and not a generic lambda for compatibility with C++11.
+template <typename Char> struct default_arg_formatter {
+  using iterator = buffer_appender<Char>;
+  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
+
+  iterator out;
+  basic_format_args<context> args;
+  locale_ref loc;
+
+  template <typename T> auto operator()(T value) -> iterator {
+    return write<Char>(out, value);
+  }
+  auto operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context>::handle h) -> iterator {
+    basic_format_parse_context<Char> parse_ctx({});
+    context format_ctx(out, args, loc);
+    h.format(parse_ctx, format_ctx);
+    return format_ctx.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct arg_formatter {
+  using iterator = buffer_appender<Char>;
+  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
+
+  iterator out;
+  const basic_format_specs<Char>& specs;
+  locale_ref locale;
+
+  template <typename T>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto operator()(T value) -> iterator {
+    return detail::write(out, value, specs, locale);
+  }
+  auto operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context>::handle) -> iterator {
+    // User-defined types are handled separately because they require access
+    // to the parse context.
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct custom_formatter {
+  basic_format_parse_context<Char>& parse_ctx;
+  buffer_context<Char>& ctx;
+
+  void operator()(
+      typename basic_format_arg<buffer_context<Char>>::handle h) const {
+    h.format(parse_ctx, ctx);
+  }
+  template <typename T> void operator()(T) const {}
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+using is_integer =
+    bool_constant<is_integral<T>::value && !std::is_same<T, bool>::value &&
+                  !std::is_same<T, char>::value &&
+                  !std::is_same<T, wchar_t>::value>;
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler> class width_checker {
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR width_checker(ErrorHandler& eh) : handler_(eh) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T value) {
+    if (is_negative(value)) handler_.on_error("negative width");
+    return static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T) {
+    handler_.on_error("width is not integer");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ErrorHandler& handler_;
+};
+
+template <typename ErrorHandler> class precision_checker {
+ public:
+  explicit FMT_CONSTEXPR precision_checker(ErrorHandler& eh) : handler_(eh) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T value) {
+    if (is_negative(value)) handler_.on_error("negative precision");
+    return static_cast<unsigned long long>(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_integer<T>::value)>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR unsigned long long operator()(T) {
+    handler_.on_error("precision is not integer");
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+ private:
+  ErrorHandler& handler_;
+};
+
+template <template <typename> class Handler, typename FormatArg,
+          typename ErrorHandler>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR int get_dynamic_spec(FormatArg arg, ErrorHandler eh) {
+  unsigned long long value = visit_format_arg(Handler<ErrorHandler>(eh), arg);
+  if (value > to_unsigned(max_value<int>())) eh.on_error("number is too big");
+  return static_cast<int>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename Context, typename ID>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR typename Context::format_arg get_arg(Context& ctx, ID id) {
+  auto arg = ctx.arg(id);
+  if (!arg) ctx.on_error("argument not found");
+  return arg;
+}
+
+// The standard format specifier handler with checking.
+template <typename Char> class specs_handler : public specs_setter<Char> {
+ private:
+  basic_format_parse_context<Char>& parse_context_;
+  buffer_context<Char>& context_;
+
+  // This is only needed for compatibility with gcc 4.4.
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<buffer_context<Char>>;
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_arg get_arg(auto_id) {
+    return detail::get_arg(context_, parse_context_.next_arg_id());
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_arg get_arg(int arg_id) {
+    parse_context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    return detail::get_arg(context_, arg_id);
+  }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR format_arg get_arg(basic_string_view<Char> arg_id) {
+    parse_context_.check_arg_id(arg_id);
+    return detail::get_arg(context_, arg_id);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR specs_handler(basic_format_specs<Char>& specs,
+                              basic_format_parse_context<Char>& parse_ctx,
+                              buffer_context<Char>& ctx)
+      : specs_setter<Char>(specs), parse_context_(parse_ctx), context_(ctx) {}
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_width(Id arg_id) {
+    this->specs_.width = get_dynamic_spec<width_checker>(
+        get_arg(arg_id), context_.error_handler());
+  }
+
+  template <typename Id> FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_dynamic_precision(Id arg_id) {
+    this->specs_.precision = get_dynamic_spec<precision_checker>(
+        get_arg(arg_id), context_.error_handler());
+  }
+
+  void on_error(const char* message) { context_.on_error(message); }
+};
+
+template <template <typename> class Handler, typename Context>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR void handle_dynamic_spec(int& value,
+                                       arg_ref<typename Context::char_type> ref,
+                                       Context& ctx) {
+  switch (ref.kind) {
+  case arg_id_kind::none:
+    break;
+  case arg_id_kind::index:
+    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(ctx.arg(ref.val.index),
+                                              ctx.error_handler());
+    break;
+  case arg_id_kind::name:
+    value = detail::get_dynamic_spec<Handler>(ctx.arg(ref.val.name),
+                                              ctx.error_handler());
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Converts a compile-time string to basic_string_view.
+template <typename Char, size_t N>
+constexpr auto compile_string_to_view(const Char (&s)[N])
+    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  // Remove trailing NUL character if needed. Won't be present if this is used
+  // with a raw character array (i.e. not defined as a string).
+  return {s, N - (std::char_traits<Char>::to_int_type(s[N - 1]) == 0 ? 1 : 0)};
+}
+template <typename Char>
+constexpr auto compile_string_to_view(std_string_view<Char> s)
+    -> basic_string_view<Char> {
+  return {s.data(), s.size()};
+}
+
+#define FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, base, explicit)                                 \
+  [] {                                                                     \
+    /* Use the hidden visibility as a workaround for a GCC bug (#1973). */ \
+    /* Use a macro-like name to avoid shadowing warnings. */               \
+    struct FMT_GCC_VISIBILITY_HIDDEN FMT_COMPILE_STRING : base {           \
+      using char_type = fmt::remove_cvref_t<decltype(s[0])>;               \
+      FMT_MAYBE_UNUSED FMT_CONSTEXPR explicit                              \
+      operator fmt::basic_string_view<char_type>() const {                 \
+        return fmt::detail::compile_string_to_view<char_type>(s);          \
+      }                                                                    \
+    };                                                                     \
+    return FMT_COMPILE_STRING();                                           \
+  }()
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs a compile-time format string from a string literal *s*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    // A compile-time error because 'd' is an invalid specifier for strings.
+    std::string s = fmt::format(FMT_STRING("{:d}"), "foo");
+  \endrst
+ */
+#define FMT_STRING(s) FMT_STRING_IMPL(s, fmt::compile_string, )
+
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+template <typename Char, size_t N> struct fixed_string {
+  constexpr fixed_string(const Char (&str)[N]) {
+    copy_str<Char, const Char*, Char*>(static_cast<const Char*>(str), str + N,
+                                       data);
+  }
+  Char data[N]{};
+};
+#endif
+
+#if FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
+template <typename Char> struct udl_formatter {
+  basic_string_view<Char> str;
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  std::basic_string<Char> operator()(T&&... args) const {
+    return vformat(str, fmt::make_args_checked<T...>(str, args...));
+  }
+};
+
+#  if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+template <typename T, typename Char, size_t N, fixed_string<Char, N> Str>
+struct statically_named_arg : view {
+  static constexpr auto name = Str.data;
+
+  const T& value;
+  statically_named_arg(const T& v) : value(v) {}
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, size_t N, fixed_string<Char, N> Str>
+struct is_named_arg<statically_named_arg<T, Char, N, Str>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char, size_t N, fixed_string<Char, N> Str>
+struct is_statically_named_arg<statically_named_arg<T, Char, N, Str>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename Char, size_t N, fixed_string<Char, N> Str> struct udl_arg {
+  template <typename T> auto operator=(T&& value) const {
+    return statically_named_arg<T, Char, N, Str>(std::forward<T>(value));
+  }
+};
+#  else
+template <typename Char> struct udl_arg {
+  const Char* str;
+
+  template <typename T> named_arg<Char, T> operator=(T&& value) const {
+    return {str, std::forward<T>(value)};
+  }
+};
+#  endif
+#endif  // FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS
+
+template <typename Locale, typename Char>
+std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    const Locale& loc, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args, detail::locale_ref(loc));
+  return {buffer.data(), buffer.size()};
+}
+
+using format_func = void (*)(detail::buffer<char>&, int, const char*);
+
+FMT_API void format_error_code(buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                               string_view message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+FMT_API void report_error(format_func func, int error_code,
+                          const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+FMT_API std::system_error vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view format_str,
+                                        format_args args);
+
+/**
+ \rst
+ Constructs :class:`std::system_error` with a message formatted with
+ ``fmt::format(message, args...)``.
+  *error_code* is a system error code as given by ``errno``.
+
+ **Example**::
+
+   // This throws std::system_error with the description
+   //   cannot open file 'madeup': No such file or directory
+   // or similar (system message may vary).
+   const char* filename = "madeup";
+   std::FILE* file = std::fopen(filename, "r");
+   if (!file)
+     throw fmt::system_error(errno, "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
+ \endrst
+*/
+template <typename... Args>
+std::system_error system_error(int error_code, string_view message,
+                               const Args&... args) {
+  return vsystem_error(error_code, message, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats an error message for an error returned by an operating system or a
+  language runtime, for example a file opening error, and writes it to *out*.
+  The format is the same as the one used by ``std::system_error(ec, message)``
+  where ``ec`` is ``std::error_code(error_code, std::generic_category()})``.
+  It is implementation-defined but normally looks like:
+
+  .. parsed-literal::
+     *<message>*: *<system-message>*
+
+  where *<message>* is the passed message and *<system-message>* is the system
+  message corresponding to the error code.
+  *error_code* is a system error code as given by ``errno``.
+  \endrst
+ */
+FMT_API void format_system_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                 const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+// Reports a system error without throwing an exception.
+// Can be used to report errors from destructors.
+FMT_API void report_system_error(int error_code,
+                                 const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+/** Fast integer formatter. */
+class format_int {
+ private:
+  // Buffer should be large enough to hold all digits (digits10 + 1),
+  // a sign and a null character.
+  enum { buffer_size = std::numeric_limits<unsigned long long>::digits10 + 3 };
+  mutable char buffer_[buffer_size];
+  char* str_;
+
+  template <typename UInt> char* format_unsigned(UInt value) {
+    auto n = static_cast<detail::uint32_or_64_or_128_t<UInt>>(value);
+    return detail::format_decimal(buffer_, n, buffer_size - 1).begin;
+  }
+
+  template <typename Int> char* format_signed(Int value) {
+    auto abs_value = static_cast<detail::uint32_or_64_or_128_t<Int>>(value);
+    bool negative = value < 0;
+    if (negative) abs_value = 0 - abs_value;
+    auto begin = format_unsigned(abs_value);
+    if (negative) *--begin = '-';
+    return begin;
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit format_int(int value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(long value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(long long value) : str_(format_signed(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(unsigned value) : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(unsigned long value) : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+  explicit format_int(unsigned long long value)
+      : str_(format_unsigned(value)) {}
+
+  /** Returns the number of characters written to the output buffer. */
+  size_t size() const {
+    return detail::to_unsigned(buffer_ - str_ + buffer_size - 1);
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Returns a pointer to the output buffer content. No terminating null
+    character is appended.
+   */
+  const char* data() const { return str_; }
+
+  /**
+    Returns a pointer to the output buffer content with terminating null
+    character appended.
+   */
+  const char* c_str() const {
+    buffer_[buffer_size - 1] = '\0';
+    return str_;
+  }
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Returns the content of the output buffer as an ``std::string``.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  std::string str() const { return std::string(str_, size()); }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+template <typename FormatContext>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR FMT_INLINE auto
+formatter<T, Char,
+          enable_if_t<detail::type_constant<T, Char>::value !=
+                      detail::type::custom_type>>::format(const T& val,
+                                                          FormatContext& ctx)
+    const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+  if (specs_.width_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none ||
+      specs_.precision_ref.kind != detail::arg_id_kind::none) {
+    auto specs = specs_;
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs.width,
+                                                       specs.width_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+        specs.precision, specs.precision_ref, ctx);
+    return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(), val, specs, ctx.locale());
+  }
+  return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(), val, specs_, ctx.locale());
+}
+
+#define FMT_FORMAT_AS(Type, Base)                                        \
+  template <typename Char>                                               \
+  struct formatter<Type, Char> : formatter<Base, Char> {                 \
+    template <typename FormatContext>                                    \
+    auto format(Type const& val, FormatContext& ctx) const               \
+        -> decltype(ctx.out()) {                                         \
+      return formatter<Base, Char>::format(static_cast<Base>(val), ctx); \
+    }                                                                    \
+  }
+
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(signed char, int);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned char, unsigned);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(short, int);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned short, unsigned);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(long, long long);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(unsigned long, unsigned long long);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(Char*, const Char*);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(std::basic_string<Char>, basic_string_view<Char>);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(std::nullptr_t, const void*);
+FMT_FORMAT_AS(detail::std_string_view<Char>, basic_string_view<Char>);
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct formatter<void*, Char> : formatter<const void*, Char> {
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(void* val, FormatContext& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return formatter<const void*, Char>::format(val, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, size_t N>
+struct formatter<Char[N], Char> : formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const Char* val, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(val, ctx);
+  }
+};
+
+// A formatter for types known only at run time such as variant alternatives.
+//
+// Usage:
+//   using variant = std::variant<int, std::string>;
+//   template <>
+//   struct formatter<variant>: dynamic_formatter<> {
+//     auto format(const variant& v, format_context& ctx) {
+//       return visit([&](const auto& val) {
+//           return dynamic_formatter<>::format(val, ctx);
+//       }, v);
+//     }
+//   };
+template <typename Char = char> class dynamic_formatter {
+ private:
+  struct null_handler : detail::error_handler {
+    void on_align(align_t) {}
+    void on_sign(sign_t) {}
+    void on_hash() {}
+  };
+
+ public:
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    format_str_ = ctx.begin();
+    // Checks are deferred to formatting time when the argument type is known.
+    detail::dynamic_specs_handler<ParseContext> handler(specs_, ctx);
+    return detail::parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), handler);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const T& val, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    handle_specs(ctx);
+    detail::specs_checker<null_handler> checker(
+        null_handler(), detail::mapped_type_constant<T, FormatContext>::value);
+    checker.on_align(specs_.align);
+    if (specs_.sign != sign::none) checker.on_sign(specs_.sign);
+    if (specs_.alt) checker.on_hash();
+    if (specs_.precision >= 0) checker.end_precision();
+    return detail::write<Char>(ctx.out(), val, specs_, ctx.locale());
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename Context> void handle_specs(Context& ctx) {
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_.width,
+                                                       specs_.width_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+        specs_.precision, specs_.precision_ref, ctx);
+  }
+
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<Char> specs_;
+  const Char* format_str_;
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Converts ``p`` to ``const void*`` for pointer formatting.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    auto s = fmt::format("{}", fmt::ptr(p));
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T> const void* ptr(T p) {
+  static_assert(std::is_pointer<T>::value, "");
+  return detail::bit_cast<const void*>(p);
+}
+template <typename T> const void* ptr(const std::unique_ptr<T>& p) {
+  return p.get();
+}
+template <typename T> const void* ptr(const std::shared_ptr<T>& p) {
+  return p.get();
+}
+
+class bytes {
+ private:
+  string_view data_;
+  friend struct formatter<bytes>;
+
+ public:
+  explicit bytes(string_view data) : data_(data) {}
+};
+
+template <> struct formatter<bytes> {
+ private:
+  detail::dynamic_format_specs<char> specs_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    using handler_type = detail::dynamic_specs_handler<ParseContext>;
+    detail::specs_checker<handler_type> handler(handler_type(specs_, ctx),
+                                                detail::type::string_type);
+    auto it = parse_format_specs(ctx.begin(), ctx.end(), handler);
+    detail::check_string_type_spec(specs_.type, ctx.error_handler());
+    return it;
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(bytes b, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::width_checker>(specs_.width,
+                                                       specs_.width_ref, ctx);
+    detail::handle_dynamic_spec<detail::precision_checker>(
+        specs_.precision, specs_.precision_ref, ctx);
+    return detail::write_bytes(ctx.out(), b.data_, specs_);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char = char>
+struct join_view : detail::view {
+  It begin;
+  Sentinel end;
+  basic_string_view<Char> sep;
+
+  join_view(It b, Sentinel e, basic_string_view<Char> s)
+      : begin(b), end(e), sep(s) {}
+};
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char>
+using arg_join FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS = join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>;
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel, typename Char>
+struct formatter<join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>, Char> {
+ private:
+  using value_type = typename std::iterator_traits<It>::value_type;
+  using context = buffer_context<Char>;
+  using mapper = detail::arg_mapper<context>;
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(has_formatter<T, context>::value)>
+  static auto map(const T& value) -> const T& {
+    return value;
+  }
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!has_formatter<T, context>::value)>
+  static auto map(const T& value) -> decltype(mapper().map(value)) {
+    return mapper().map(value);
+  }
+
+  using formatter_type =
+      conditional_t<is_formattable<value_type>::value,
+                    formatter<remove_cvref_t<decltype(map(
+                                  std::declval<const value_type&>()))>,
+                              Char>,
+                    detail::fallback_formatter<value_type, Char>>;
+
+  formatter_type value_formatter_;
+
+ public:
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return value_formatter_.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const join_view<It, Sentinel, Char>& value, FormatContext& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto it = value.begin;
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    if (it != value.end) {
+      out = value_formatter_.format(map(*it++), ctx);
+      while (it != value.end) {
+        out = detail::copy_str<Char>(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
+        ctx.advance_to(out);
+        out = value_formatter_.format(map(*it++), ctx);
+      }
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  Returns an object that formats the iterator range `[begin, end)` with
+  elements separated by `sep`.
+ */
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel>
+auto join(It begin, Sentinel end, string_view sep) -> join_view<It, Sentinel> {
+  return {begin, end, sep};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns an object that formats `range` with elements separated by `sep`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::vector<int> v = {1, 2, 3};
+    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+    // Output: "1, 2, 3"
+
+  ``fmt::join`` applies passed format specifiers to the range elements::
+
+    fmt::print("{:02}", fmt::join(v, ", "));
+    // Output: "01, 02, 03"
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Range>
+auto join(Range&& range, string_view sep)
+    -> join_view<detail::iterator_t<Range>, detail::sentinel_t<Range>> {
+  return join(std::begin(range), std::end(range), sep);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Converts *value* to ``std::string`` using the default format for type *T*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    #include <fmt/format.h>
+
+    std::string answer = fmt::to_string(42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline std::string to_string(const T& value) {
+  std::string result;
+  detail::write<char>(std::back_inserter(result), value);
+  return result;
+}
+
+template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+inline std::string to_string(T value) {
+  // The buffer should be large enough to store the number including the sign
+  // or "false" for bool.
+  constexpr int max_size = detail::digits10<T>() + 2;
+  char buffer[max_size > 5 ? static_cast<unsigned>(max_size) : 5];
+  char* begin = buffer;
+  return std::string(begin, detail::write<char>(begin, value));
+}
+
+template <typename Char, size_t SIZE>
+std::basic_string<Char> to_string(const basic_memory_buffer<Char, SIZE>& buf) {
+  auto size = buf.size();
+  detail::assume(size < std::basic_string<Char>().max_size());
+  return std::basic_string<Char>(buf.data(), size);
+}
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Char>
+void vformat_to(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> fmt,
+                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args,
+                locale_ref loc) {
+  auto out = buffer_appender<Char>(buf);
+  if (fmt.size() == 2 && equal2(fmt.data(), "{}")) {
+    auto arg = args.get(0);
+    if (!arg) error_handler().on_error("argument not found");
+    visit_format_arg(default_arg_formatter<Char>{out, args, loc}, arg);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  struct format_handler : error_handler {
+    basic_format_parse_context<Char> parse_context;
+    buffer_context<Char> context;
+
+    format_handler(buffer_appender<Char> out, basic_string_view<Char> str,
+                   basic_format_args<buffer_context<Char>> args, locale_ref loc)
+        : parse_context(str), context(out, args, loc) {}
+
+    void on_text(const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
+      auto text = basic_string_view<Char>(begin, to_unsigned(end - begin));
+      context.advance_to(write<Char>(context.out(), text));
+    }
+
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id() { return parse_context.next_arg_id(); }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(int id) {
+      return parse_context.check_arg_id(id), id;
+    }
+    FMT_CONSTEXPR int on_arg_id(basic_string_view<Char> id) {
+      int arg_id = context.arg_id(id);
+      if (arg_id < 0) on_error("argument not found");
+      return arg_id;
+    }
+
+    FMT_INLINE void on_replacement_field(int id, const Char*) {
+      auto arg = get_arg(context, id);
+      context.advance_to(visit_format_arg(
+          default_arg_formatter<Char>{context.out(), context.args(),
+                                      context.locale()},
+          arg));
+    }
+
+    const Char* on_format_specs(int id, const Char* begin, const Char* end) {
+      auto arg = get_arg(context, id);
+      if (arg.type() == type::custom_type) {
+        parse_context.advance_to(parse_context.begin() +
+                                 (begin - &*parse_context.begin()));
+        visit_format_arg(custom_formatter<Char>{parse_context, context}, arg);
+        return parse_context.begin();
+      }
+      auto specs = basic_format_specs<Char>();
+      specs_checker<specs_handler<Char>> handler(
+          specs_handler<Char>(specs, parse_context, context), arg.type());
+      begin = parse_format_specs(begin, end, handler);
+      if (begin == end || *begin != '}')
+        on_error("missing '}' in format string");
+      auto f =
+          detail::arg_formatter<Char>{context.out(), specs, context.locale()};
+      context.advance_to(visit_format_arg(f, arg));
+      return begin;
+    }
+  };
+  parse_format_string<false>(fmt, format_handler(out, fmt, args, loc));
+}
+
+#ifndef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+
+extern template void vformat_to(detail::buffer<char>&, string_view,
+                                basic_format_args<format_context>,
+                                detail::locale_ref);
+
+extern template FMT_API std::string grouping_impl<char>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API std::string grouping_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API char thousands_sep_impl<char>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API wchar_t thousands_sep_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API char decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc);
+extern template FMT_API wchar_t decimal_point_impl(locale_ref loc);
+extern template int format_float<double>(double value, int precision,
+                                         float_specs specs, buffer<char>& buf);
+extern template int format_float<long double>(long double value, int precision,
+                                              float_specs specs,
+                                              buffer<char>& buf);
+void snprintf_float(float, int, float_specs, buffer<char>&) = delete;
+extern template int snprintf_float<double>(double value, int precision,
+                                           float_specs specs,
+                                           buffer<char>& buf);
+extern template int snprintf_float<long double>(long double value,
+                                                int precision,
+                                                float_specs specs,
+                                                buffer<char>& buf);
+#endif  // FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+inline namespace literals {
+/**
+  \rst
+  User-defined literal equivalent of :func:`fmt::arg`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    using namespace fmt::literals;
+    fmt::print("Elapsed time: {s:.2f} seconds", "s"_a=1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+#if FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+template <detail::fixed_string Str>
+constexpr auto operator""_a()
+    -> detail::udl_arg<remove_cvref_t<decltype(Str.data[0])>,
+                       sizeof(Str.data) / sizeof(decltype(Str.data[0])), Str> {
+  return {};
+}
+#else
+constexpr auto operator"" _a(const char* s, size_t) -> detail::udl_arg<char> {
+  return {s};
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  User-defined literal equivalent of :func:`fmt::format`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    using namespace fmt::literals;
+    std::string message = "The answer is {}"_format(42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+constexpr auto operator"" _format(const char* s, size_t n)
+    -> detail::udl_formatter<char> {
+  return {{s, n}};
+}
+}  // namespace literals
+
+template <typename Char, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
+auto vformat(basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+             basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> std::basic_string<Char> {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+// Pass char_t as a default template parameter instead of using
+// std::basic_string<char_t<S>> to reduce the symbol size.
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_same<Char, char>::value)>
+auto format(const S& format_str, Args&&... args) -> std::basic_string<Char> {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return vformat(to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+}
+
+template <typename Locale, FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
+inline std::string vformat(const Locale& loc, string_view fmt,
+                           format_args args) {
+  return detail::vformat(loc, fmt, args);
+}
+
+template <typename Locale, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
+inline std::string format(const Locale& loc, format_string<T...> fmt,
+                          T&&... args) {
+  return vformat(loc, string_view(fmt), fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename... T, size_t SIZE, typename Allocator>
+inline auto format_to(basic_memory_buffer<char, SIZE, Allocator>& buf,
+                      format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> appender {
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, string_view(fmt), fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  return appender(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Locale,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value&&
+                            detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, string_view fmt,
+                format_args args) -> OutputIt {
+  using detail::get_buffer;
+  auto&& buf = get_buffer<char>(out);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, args, detail::locale_ref(loc));
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Locale, typename... T,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value&&
+                            detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
+FMT_INLINE auto format_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc,
+                          format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> OutputIt {
+  return vformat_to(out, loc, fmt, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#ifdef FMT_DEPRECATED_INCLUDE_XCHAR
+#  include "xchar.h"
+#endif
+
+#ifdef FMT_HEADER_ONLY
+#  define FMT_FUNC inline
+#  include "format-inl.h"
+#else
+#  define FMT_FUNC
+#endif
+
+#endif  // FMT_FORMAT_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/locale.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/locale.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7571b52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/locale.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+#include "xchar.h"
+#warning fmt/locale.h is deprecated, include fmt/format.h or fmt/xchar.h instead
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/os.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/os.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c447831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/os.h
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - optional OS-specific functionality
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_OS_H_
+#define FMT_OS_H_
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <clocale>  // locale_t
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>       // strtod_l
+#include <system_error>  // std::system_error
+
+#if defined __APPLE__ || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#  include <xlocale.h>  // for LC_NUMERIC_MASK on OS X
+#endif
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+// UWP doesn't provide _pipe.
+#if FMT_HAS_INCLUDE("winapifamily.h")
+#  include <winapifamily.h>
+#endif
+#if (FMT_HAS_INCLUDE(<fcntl.h>) || defined(__APPLE__) || \
+     defined(__linux__)) &&                              \
+    (!defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) || (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP))
+#  include <fcntl.h>  // for O_RDONLY
+#  define FMT_USE_FCNTL 1
+#else
+#  define FMT_USE_FCNTL 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef FMT_POSIX
+#  if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+// Fix warnings about deprecated symbols.
+#    define FMT_POSIX(call) _##call
+#  else
+#    define FMT_POSIX(call) call
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Calls to system functions are wrapped in FMT_SYSTEM for testability.
+#ifdef FMT_SYSTEM
+#  define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) FMT_SYSTEM(call)
+#else
+#  define FMT_SYSTEM(call) ::call
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+// Fix warnings about deprecated symbols.
+#    define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) ::_##call
+#  else
+#    define FMT_POSIX_CALL(call) ::call
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+// Retries the expression while it evaluates to error_result and errno
+// equals to EINTR.
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#  define FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, error_result) \
+    do {                                                  \
+      (result) = (expression);                            \
+    } while ((result) == (error_result) && errno == EINTR)
+#else
+#  define FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, error_result) result = (expression)
+#endif
+
+#define FMT_RETRY(result, expression) FMT_RETRY_VAL(result, expression, -1)
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  A reference to a null-terminated string. It can be constructed from a C
+  string or ``std::string``.
+
+  You can use one of the following type aliases for common character types:
+
+  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+  | Type          | Definition                  |
+  +===============+=============================+
+  | cstring_view  | basic_cstring_view<char>    |
+  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+  | wcstring_view | basic_cstring_view<wchar_t> |
+  +---------------+-----------------------------+
+
+  This class is most useful as a parameter type to allow passing
+  different types of strings to a function, for example::
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::string format(cstring_view format_str, const Args & ... args);
+
+    format("{}", 42);
+    format(std::string("{}"), 42);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename Char> class basic_cstring_view {
+ private:
+  const Char* data_;
+
+ public:
+  /** Constructs a string reference object from a C string. */
+  basic_cstring_view(const Char* s) : data_(s) {}
+
+  /**
+    \rst
+    Constructs a string reference from an ``std::string`` object.
+    \endrst
+   */
+  basic_cstring_view(const std::basic_string<Char>& s) : data_(s.c_str()) {}
+
+  /** Returns the pointer to a C string. */
+  const Char* c_str() const { return data_; }
+};
+
+using cstring_view = basic_cstring_view<char>;
+using wcstring_view = basic_cstring_view<wchar_t>;
+
+template <typename Char> struct formatter<std::error_code, Char> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto format(const std::error_code& ec, FormatContext& ctx) const
+      -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    out = detail::write_bytes(out, ec.category().name(),
+                              basic_format_specs<Char>());
+    out = detail::write<Char>(out, Char(':'));
+    out = detail::write<Char>(out, ec.value());
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+FMT_API const std::error_category& system_category() FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+// A converter from UTF-16 to UTF-8.
+// It is only provided for Windows since other systems support UTF-8 natively.
+class utf16_to_utf8 {
+ private:
+  memory_buffer buffer_;
+
+ public:
+  utf16_to_utf8() {}
+  FMT_API explicit utf16_to_utf8(basic_string_view<wchar_t> s);
+  operator string_view() const { return string_view(&buffer_[0], size()); }
+  size_t size() const { return buffer_.size() - 1; }
+  const char* c_str() const { return &buffer_[0]; }
+  std::string str() const { return std::string(&buffer_[0], size()); }
+
+  // Performs conversion returning a system error code instead of
+  // throwing exception on conversion error. This method may still throw
+  // in case of memory allocation error.
+  FMT_API int convert(basic_string_view<wchar_t> s);
+};
+
+FMT_API void format_windows_error(buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                  const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+FMT_API std::system_error vwindows_error(int error_code, string_view format_str,
+                                         format_args args);
+
+/**
+ \rst
+ Constructs a :class:`std::system_error` object with the description
+ of the form
+
+ .. parsed-literal::
+   *<message>*: *<system-message>*
+
+ where *<message>* is the formatted message and *<system-message>* is the
+ system message corresponding to the error code.
+ *error_code* is a Windows error code as given by ``GetLastError``.
+ If *error_code* is not a valid error code such as -1, the system message
+ will look like "error -1".
+
+ **Example**::
+
+   // This throws a system_error with the description
+   //   cannot open file 'madeup': The system cannot find the file specified.
+   // or similar (system message may vary).
+   const char *filename = "madeup";
+   LPOFSTRUCT of = LPOFSTRUCT();
+   HFILE file = OpenFile(filename, &of, OF_READ);
+   if (file == HFILE_ERROR) {
+     throw fmt::windows_error(GetLastError(),
+                              "cannot open file '{}'", filename);
+   }
+ \endrst
+*/
+template <typename... Args>
+std::system_error windows_error(int error_code, string_view message,
+                                const Args&... args) {
+  return vwindows_error(error_code, message, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+}
+
+// Reports a Windows error without throwing an exception.
+// Can be used to report errors from destructors.
+FMT_API void report_windows_error(int error_code,
+                                  const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+#else
+inline const std::error_category& system_category() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  return std::system_category();
+}
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+// std::system is not available on some platforms such as iOS (#2248).
+#ifdef __OSX__
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+void say(const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  std::system(format("say \"{}\"", format(format_str, args...)).c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+// A buffered file.
+class buffered_file {
+ private:
+  FILE* file_;
+
+  friend class file;
+
+  explicit buffered_file(FILE* f) : file_(f) {}
+
+ public:
+  buffered_file(const buffered_file&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const buffered_file&) = delete;
+
+  // Constructs a buffered_file object which doesn't represent any file.
+  buffered_file() FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(nullptr) {}
+
+  // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
+  FMT_API ~buffered_file() FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+ public:
+  buffered_file(buffered_file&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : file_(other.file_) {
+    other.file_ = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  buffered_file& operator=(buffered_file&& other) {
+    close();
+    file_ = other.file_;
+    other.file_ = nullptr;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Opens a file.
+  FMT_API buffered_file(cstring_view filename, cstring_view mode);
+
+  // Closes the file.
+  FMT_API void close();
+
+  // Returns the pointer to a FILE object representing this file.
+  FILE* get() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return file_; }
+
+  // We place parentheses around fileno to workaround a bug in some versions
+  // of MinGW that define fileno as a macro.
+  FMT_API int(fileno)() const;
+
+  void vprint(string_view format_str, format_args args) {
+    fmt::vprint(file_, format_str, args);
+  }
+
+  template <typename... Args>
+  inline void print(string_view format_str, const Args&... args) {
+    vprint(format_str, fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+};
+
+#if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+// A file. Closed file is represented by a file object with descriptor -1.
+// Methods that are not declared with FMT_NOEXCEPT may throw
+// fmt::system_error in case of failure. Note that some errors such as
+// closing the file multiple times will cause a crash on Windows rather
+// than an exception. You can get standard behavior by overriding the
+// invalid parameter handler with _set_invalid_parameter_handler.
+class file {
+ private:
+  int fd_;  // File descriptor.
+
+  // Constructs a file object with a given descriptor.
+  explicit file(int fd) : fd_(fd) {}
+
+ public:
+  // Possible values for the oflag argument to the constructor.
+  enum {
+    RDONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_RDONLY),  // Open for reading only.
+    WRONLY = FMT_POSIX(O_WRONLY),  // Open for writing only.
+    RDWR = FMT_POSIX(O_RDWR),      // Open for reading and writing.
+    CREATE = FMT_POSIX(O_CREAT),   // Create if the file doesn't exist.
+    APPEND = FMT_POSIX(O_APPEND),  // Open in append mode.
+    TRUNC = FMT_POSIX(O_TRUNC)     // Truncate the content of the file.
+  };
+
+  // Constructs a file object which doesn't represent any file.
+  file() FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(-1) {}
+
+  // Opens a file and constructs a file object representing this file.
+  FMT_API file(cstring_view path, int oflag);
+
+ public:
+  file(const file&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const file&) = delete;
+
+  file(file&& other) FMT_NOEXCEPT : fd_(other.fd_) { other.fd_ = -1; }
+
+  // Move assignment is not noexcept because close may throw.
+  file& operator=(file&& other) {
+    close();
+    fd_ = other.fd_;
+    other.fd_ = -1;
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // Destroys the object closing the file it represents if any.
+  FMT_API ~file() FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  // Returns the file descriptor.
+  int descriptor() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return fd_; }
+
+  // Closes the file.
+  FMT_API void close();
+
+  // Returns the file size. The size has signed type for consistency with
+  // stat::st_size.
+  FMT_API long long size() const;
+
+  // Attempts to read count bytes from the file into the specified buffer.
+  FMT_API size_t read(void* buffer, size_t count);
+
+  // Attempts to write count bytes from the specified buffer to the file.
+  FMT_API size_t write(const void* buffer, size_t count);
+
+  // Duplicates a file descriptor with the dup function and returns
+  // the duplicate as a file object.
+  FMT_API static file dup(int fd);
+
+  // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
+  // necessary.
+  FMT_API void dup2(int fd);
+
+  // Makes fd be the copy of this file descriptor, closing fd first if
+  // necessary.
+  FMT_API void dup2(int fd, std::error_code& ec) FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+
+  // Creates a pipe setting up read_end and write_end file objects for reading
+  // and writing respectively.
+  FMT_API static void pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end);
+
+  // Creates a buffered_file object associated with this file and detaches
+  // this file object from the file.
+  FMT_API buffered_file fdopen(const char* mode);
+};
+
+// Returns the memory page size.
+long getpagesize();
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+struct buffer_size {
+  buffer_size() = default;
+  size_t value = 0;
+  buffer_size operator=(size_t val) const {
+    auto bs = buffer_size();
+    bs.value = val;
+    return bs;
+  }
+};
+
+struct ostream_params {
+  int oflag = file::WRONLY | file::CREATE | file::TRUNC;
+  size_t buffer_size = BUFSIZ > 32768 ? BUFSIZ : 32768;
+
+  ostream_params() {}
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  ostream_params(T... params, int new_oflag) : ostream_params(params...) {
+    oflag = new_oflag;
+  }
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  ostream_params(T... params, detail::buffer_size bs)
+      : ostream_params(params...) {
+    this->buffer_size = bs.value;
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+static constexpr detail::buffer_size buffer_size;
+
+/** A fast output stream which is not thread-safe. */
+class FMT_API ostream final : private detail::buffer<char> {
+ private:
+  file file_;
+
+  void flush() {
+    if (size() == 0) return;
+    file_.write(data(), size());
+    clear();
+  }
+
+  void grow(size_t) override;
+
+  ostream(cstring_view path, const detail::ostream_params& params)
+      : file_(path, params.oflag) {
+    set(new char[params.buffer_size], params.buffer_size);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  ostream(ostream&& other)
+      : detail::buffer<char>(other.data(), other.size(), other.capacity()),
+        file_(std::move(other.file_)) {
+    other.clear();
+    other.set(nullptr, 0);
+  }
+  ~ostream() {
+    flush();
+    delete[] data();
+  }
+
+  template <typename... T>
+  friend ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params);
+
+  void close() {
+    flush();
+    file_.close();
+  }
+
+  /**
+    Formats ``args`` according to specifications in ``fmt`` and writes the
+    output to the file.
+   */
+  template <typename... T> void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+    vformat_to(detail::buffer_appender<char>(*this), fmt,
+               fmt::make_format_args(args...));
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Opens a file for writing. Supported parameters passed in *params*:
+
+  * ``<integer>``: Flags passed to `open
+    <https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007904875/functions/open.html>`_
+    (``file::WRONLY | file::CREATE`` by default)
+  * ``buffer_size=<integer>``: Output buffer size
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    auto out = fmt::output_file("guide.txt");
+    out.print("Don't {}", "Panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+inline ostream output_file(cstring_view path, T... params) {
+  return {path, detail::ostream_params(params...)};
+}
+#endif  // FMT_USE_FCNTL
+
+#ifdef FMT_LOCALE
+// A "C" numeric locale.
+class locale {
+ private:
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+  using locale_t = _locale_t;
+
+  static void freelocale(locale_t loc) { _free_locale(loc); }
+
+  static double strtod_l(const char* nptr, char** endptr, _locale_t loc) {
+    return _strtod_l(nptr, endptr, loc);
+  }
+#  endif
+
+  locale_t locale_;
+
+ public:
+  using type = locale_t;
+  locale(const locale&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const locale&) = delete;
+
+  locale() {
+#  ifndef _WIN32
+    locale_ = FMT_SYSTEM(newlocale(LC_NUMERIC_MASK, "C", nullptr));
+#  else
+    locale_ = _create_locale(LC_NUMERIC, "C");
+#  endif
+    if (!locale_) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot create locale"));
+  }
+  ~locale() { freelocale(locale_); }
+
+  type get() const { return locale_; }
+
+  // Converts string to floating-point number and advances str past the end
+  // of the parsed input.
+  double strtod(const char*& str) const {
+    char* end = nullptr;
+    double result = strtod_l(str, &end, locale_);
+    str = end;
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+using Locale FMT_DEPRECATED_ALIAS = locale;
+#endif  // FMT_LOCALE
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_OS_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d66248a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/ostream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - std::ostream support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_OSTREAM_H_
+#define FMT_OSTREAM_H_
+
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Char> class basic_printf_parse_context;
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context;
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <class Char> class formatbuf : public std::basic_streambuf<Char> {
+ private:
+  using int_type = typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::int_type;
+  using traits_type = typename std::basic_streambuf<Char>::traits_type;
+
+  buffer<Char>& buffer_;
+
+ public:
+  formatbuf(buffer<Char>& buf) : buffer_(buf) {}
+
+ protected:
+  // The put-area is actually always empty. This makes the implementation
+  // simpler and has the advantage that the streambuf and the buffer are always
+  // in sync and sputc never writes into uninitialized memory. The obvious
+  // disadvantage is that each call to sputc always results in a (virtual) call
+  // to overflow. There is no disadvantage here for sputn since this always
+  // results in a call to xsputn.
+
+  int_type overflow(int_type ch = traits_type::eof()) FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    if (!traits_type::eq_int_type(ch, traits_type::eof()))
+      buffer_.push_back(static_cast<Char>(ch));
+    return ch;
+  }
+
+  std::streamsize xsputn(const Char* s, std::streamsize count) FMT_OVERRIDE {
+    buffer_.append(s, s + count);
+    return count;
+  }
+};
+
+struct converter {
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_integral<T>::value)> converter(T);
+};
+
+template <typename Char> struct test_stream : std::basic_ostream<Char> {
+ private:
+  void_t<> operator<<(converter);
+};
+
+// Hide insertion operators for built-in types.
+template <typename Char, typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>&, Char);
+template <typename Char, typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<Char, Traits>&, char);
+template <typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, Traits>&, char);
+template <typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, Traits>&, signed char);
+template <typename Traits>
+void_t<> operator<<(std::basic_ostream<char, Traits>&, unsigned char);
+
+// Checks if T has a user-defined operator<< (e.g. not a member of
+// std::ostream).
+template <typename T, typename Char> class is_streamable {
+ private:
+  template <typename U>
+  static bool_constant<!std::is_same<decltype(std::declval<test_stream<Char>&>()
+                                              << std::declval<U>()),
+                                     void_t<>>::value>
+  test(int);
+
+  template <typename> static std::false_type test(...);
+
+  using result = decltype(test<T>(0));
+
+ public:
+  is_streamable() = default;
+
+  static const bool value = result::value;
+};
+
+// Write the content of buf to os.
+template <typename Char>
+void write_buffer(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, buffer<Char>& buf) {
+  const Char* buf_data = buf.data();
+  using unsigned_streamsize = std::make_unsigned<std::streamsize>::type;
+  unsigned_streamsize size = buf.size();
+  unsigned_streamsize max_size = to_unsigned(max_value<std::streamsize>());
+  do {
+    unsigned_streamsize n = size <= max_size ? size : max_size;
+    os.write(buf_data, static_cast<std::streamsize>(n));
+    buf_data += n;
+    size -= n;
+  } while (size != 0);
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename T>
+void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value,
+                  locale_ref loc = locale_ref()) {
+  formatbuf<Char> format_buf(buf);
+  std::basic_ostream<Char> output(&format_buf);
+#if !defined(FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR)
+  if (loc) output.imbue(loc.get<std::locale>());
+#endif
+  output << value;
+  output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
+  buf.try_resize(buf.size());
+}
+
+// Formats an object of type T that has an overloaded ostream operator<<.
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct fallback_formatter<T, Char, enable_if_t<is_streamable<T, Char>::value>>
+    : private formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(basic_format_parse_context<Char>& ctx)
+      -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::parse(ctx);
+  }
+  template <typename ParseCtx,
+            FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<
+                          ParseCtx, basic_printf_parse_context<Char>>::value)>
+  auto parse(ParseCtx& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename OutputIt>
+  auto format(const T& value, basic_format_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx)
+      -> OutputIt {
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+    format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
+    basic_string_view<Char> str(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(str, ctx);
+  }
+  template <typename OutputIt>
+  auto format(const T& value, basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>& ctx)
+      -> OutputIt {
+    basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+    format_value(buffer, value, ctx.locale());
+    return std::copy(buffer.begin(), buffer.end(), ctx.out());
+  }
+};
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT
+template <typename Char>
+void vprint(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+            basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, format_str, args);
+  detail::write_buffer(os, buffer);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print(cerr, "Don't {}!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT
+template <typename S, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+void print(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& format_str, Args&&... args) {
+  vprint(os, to_string_view(format_str),
+         fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_OSTREAM_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a6275ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/printf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - legacy printf implementation
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - 2016, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_PRINTF_H_
+#define FMT_PRINTF_H_
+
+#include <algorithm>  // std::max
+#include <limits>     // std::numeric_limits
+#include <ostream>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+template <typename Char>
+class basic_printf_parse_context : public basic_format_parse_context<Char> {
+  using basic_format_parse_context<Char>::basic_format_parse_context;
+};
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context;
+
+FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// Checks if a value fits in int - used to avoid warnings about comparing
+// signed and unsigned integers.
+template <bool IsSigned> struct int_checker {
+  template <typename T> static bool fits_in_int(T value) {
+    unsigned max = max_value<int>();
+    return value <= max;
+  }
+  static bool fits_in_int(bool) { return true; }
+};
+
+template <> struct int_checker<true> {
+  template <typename T> static bool fits_in_int(T value) {
+    return value >= (std::numeric_limits<int>::min)() &&
+           value <= max_value<int>();
+  }
+  static bool fits_in_int(int) { return true; }
+};
+
+class printf_precision_handler {
+ public:
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  int operator()(T value) {
+    if (!int_checker<std::numeric_limits<T>::is_signed>::fits_in_int(value))
+      FMT_THROW(format_error("number is too big"));
+    return (std::max)(static_cast<int>(value), 0);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  int operator()(T) {
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("precision is not integer"));
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// An argument visitor that returns true iff arg is a zero integer.
+class is_zero_int {
+ public:
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  bool operator()(T value) {
+    return value == 0;
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  bool operator()(T) {
+    return false;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T> struct make_unsigned_or_bool : std::make_unsigned<T> {};
+
+template <> struct make_unsigned_or_bool<bool> { using type = bool; };
+
+template <typename T, typename Context> class arg_converter {
+ private:
+  using char_type = typename Context::char_type;
+
+  basic_format_arg<Context>& arg_;
+  char_type type_;
+
+ public:
+  arg_converter(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg, char_type type)
+      : arg_(arg), type_(type) {}
+
+  void operator()(bool value) {
+    if (type_ != 's') operator()<bool>(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename U, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<U>::value)>
+  void operator()(U value) {
+    bool is_signed = type_ == 'd' || type_ == 'i';
+    using target_type = conditional_t<std::is_same<T, void>::value, U, T>;
+    if (const_check(sizeof(target_type) <= sizeof(int))) {
+      // Extra casts are used to silence warnings.
+      if (is_signed) {
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+            static_cast<int>(static_cast<target_type>(value)));
+      } else {
+        using unsigned_type = typename make_unsigned_or_bool<target_type>::type;
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+            static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<unsigned_type>(value)));
+      }
+    } else {
+      if (is_signed) {
+        // glibc's printf doesn't sign extend arguments of smaller types:
+        //   std::printf("%lld", -42);  // prints "4294967254"
+        // but we don't have to do the same because it's a UB.
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(static_cast<long long>(value));
+      } else {
+        arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+            static_cast<typename make_unsigned_or_bool<U>::type>(value));
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  template <typename U, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<U>::value)>
+  void operator()(U) {}  // No conversion needed for non-integral types.
+};
+
+// Converts an integer argument to T for printf, if T is an integral type.
+// If T is void, the argument is converted to corresponding signed or unsigned
+// type depending on the type specifier: 'd' and 'i' - signed, other -
+// unsigned).
+template <typename T, typename Context, typename Char>
+void convert_arg(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg, Char type) {
+  visit_format_arg(arg_converter<T, Context>(arg, type), arg);
+}
+
+// Converts an integer argument to char for printf.
+template <typename Context> class char_converter {
+ private:
+  basic_format_arg<Context>& arg_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit char_converter(basic_format_arg<Context>& arg) : arg_(arg) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  void operator()(T value) {
+    arg_ = detail::make_arg<Context>(
+        static_cast<typename Context::char_type>(value));
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  void operator()(T) {}  // No conversion needed for non-integral types.
+};
+
+// An argument visitor that return a pointer to a C string if argument is a
+// string or null otherwise.
+template <typename Char> struct get_cstring {
+  template <typename T> const Char* operator()(T) { return nullptr; }
+  const Char* operator()(const Char* s) { return s; }
+};
+
+// Checks if an argument is a valid printf width specifier and sets
+// left alignment if it is negative.
+template <typename Char> class printf_width_handler {
+ private:
+  using format_specs = basic_format_specs<Char>;
+
+  format_specs& specs_;
+
+ public:
+  explicit printf_width_handler(format_specs& specs) : specs_(specs) {}
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  unsigned operator()(T value) {
+    auto width = static_cast<uint32_or_64_or_128_t<T>>(value);
+    if (detail::is_negative(value)) {
+      specs_.align = align::left;
+      width = 0 - width;
+    }
+    unsigned int_max = max_value<int>();
+    if (width > int_max) FMT_THROW(format_error("number is too big"));
+    return static_cast<unsigned>(width);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(!std::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  unsigned operator()(T) {
+    FMT_THROW(format_error("width is not integer"));
+    return 0;
+  }
+};
+
+// The ``printf`` argument formatter.
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+class printf_arg_formatter : public arg_formatter<Char> {
+ private:
+  using base = arg_formatter<Char>;
+  using context_type = basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>;
+  using format_specs = basic_format_specs<Char>;
+
+  context_type& context_;
+
+  OutputIt write_null_pointer(bool is_string = false) {
+    auto s = this->specs;
+    s.type = 0;
+    return write_bytes(this->out, is_string ? "(null)" : "(nil)", s);
+  }
+
+ public:
+  printf_arg_formatter(OutputIt iter, format_specs& s, context_type& ctx)
+      : base{iter, s, locale_ref()}, context_(ctx) {}
+
+  OutputIt operator()(monostate value) { return base::operator()(value); }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_integral<T>::value)>
+  OutputIt operator()(T value) {
+    // MSVC2013 fails to compile separate overloads for bool and Char so use
+    // std::is_same instead.
+    if (std::is_same<T, Char>::value) {
+      format_specs fmt_specs = this->specs;
+      if (fmt_specs.type && fmt_specs.type != 'c')
+        return (*this)(static_cast<int>(value));
+      fmt_specs.sign = sign::none;
+      fmt_specs.alt = false;
+      fmt_specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for char types.
+      // align::numeric needs to be overwritten here since the '0' flag is
+      // ignored for non-numeric types
+      if (fmt_specs.align == align::none || fmt_specs.align == align::numeric)
+        fmt_specs.align = align::right;
+      return write<Char>(this->out, static_cast<Char>(value), fmt_specs);
+    }
+    return base::operator()(value);
+  }
+
+  template <typename T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_floating_point<T>::value)>
+  OutputIt operator()(T value) {
+    return base::operator()(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a null-terminated C string. */
+  OutputIt operator()(const char* value) {
+    if (value) return base::operator()(value);
+    return write_null_pointer(this->specs.type != 'p');
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a null-terminated wide C string. */
+  OutputIt operator()(const wchar_t* value) {
+    if (value) return base::operator()(value);
+    return write_null_pointer(this->specs.type != 'p');
+  }
+
+  OutputIt operator()(basic_string_view<Char> value) {
+    return base::operator()(value);
+  }
+
+  /** Formats a pointer. */
+  OutputIt operator()(const void* value) {
+    return value ? base::operator()(value) : write_null_pointer();
+  }
+
+  /** Formats an argument of a custom (user-defined) type. */
+  OutputIt operator()(typename basic_format_arg<context_type>::handle handle) {
+    handle.format(context_.parse_context(), context_);
+    return this->out;
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename Context>
+void vprintf(buffer<Char>& buf, basic_string_view<Char> format,
+             basic_format_args<Context> args) {
+  Context(buffer_appender<Char>(buf), format, args).format();
+}
+
+FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE
+
+// For printing into memory_buffer.
+template <typename Char, typename Context>
+FMT_DEPRECATED void printf(detail::buffer<Char>& buf,
+                           basic_string_view<Char> format,
+                           basic_format_args<Context> args) {
+  return detail::vprintf(buf, format, args);
+}
+using detail::vprintf;
+
+template <typename T> struct printf_formatter {
+  printf_formatter() = delete;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  auto format(const T&, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    return ctx.out();
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ This template formats data and writes the output through an output iterator.
+ */
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char> class basic_printf_context {
+ public:
+  /** The character type for the output. */
+  using char_type = Char;
+  using iterator = OutputIt;
+  using format_arg = basic_format_arg<basic_printf_context>;
+  using parse_context_type = basic_printf_parse_context<Char>;
+  template <typename T> using formatter_type = printf_formatter<T>;
+
+ private:
+  using format_specs = basic_format_specs<char_type>;
+
+  OutputIt out_;
+  basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args_;
+  parse_context_type parse_ctx_;
+
+  static void parse_flags(format_specs& specs, const Char*& it,
+                          const Char* end);
+
+  // Returns the argument with specified index or, if arg_index is -1, the next
+  // argument.
+  format_arg get_arg(int arg_index = -1);
+
+  // Parses argument index, flags and width and returns the argument index.
+  int parse_header(const Char*& it, const Char* end, format_specs& specs);
+
+ public:
+  /**
+   \rst
+   Constructs a ``printf_context`` object. References to the arguments are
+   stored in the context object so make sure they have appropriate lifetimes.
+   \endrst
+   */
+  basic_printf_context(OutputIt out, basic_string_view<char_type> format_str,
+                       basic_format_args<basic_printf_context> args)
+      : out_(out), args_(args), parse_ctx_(format_str) {}
+
+  OutputIt out() { return out_; }
+  void advance_to(OutputIt it) { out_ = it; }
+
+  detail::locale_ref locale() { return {}; }
+
+  format_arg arg(int id) const { return args_.get(id); }
+
+  parse_context_type& parse_context() { return parse_ctx_; }
+
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR void on_error(const char* message) {
+    parse_ctx_.on_error(message);
+  }
+
+  /** Formats stored arguments and writes the output to the range. */
+  OutputIt format();
+};
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+void basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::parse_flags(format_specs& specs,
+                                                       const Char*& it,
+                                                       const Char* end) {
+  for (; it != end; ++it) {
+    switch (*it) {
+    case '-':
+      specs.align = align::left;
+      break;
+    case '+':
+      specs.sign = sign::plus;
+      break;
+    case '0':
+      specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      break;
+    case ' ':
+      if (specs.sign != sign::plus) {
+        specs.sign = sign::space;
+      }
+      break;
+    case '#':
+      specs.alt = true;
+      break;
+    default:
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+typename basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format_arg
+basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::get_arg(int arg_index) {
+  if (arg_index < 0)
+    arg_index = parse_ctx_.next_arg_id();
+  else
+    parse_ctx_.check_arg_id(--arg_index);
+  return detail::get_arg(*this, arg_index);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+int basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::parse_header(const Char*& it,
+                                                       const Char* end,
+                                                       format_specs& specs) {
+  int arg_index = -1;
+  char_type c = *it;
+  if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
+    // Parse an argument index (if followed by '$') or a width possibly
+    // preceded with '0' flag(s).
+    detail::error_handler eh;
+    int value = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
+    if (it != end && *it == '$') {  // value is an argument index
+      ++it;
+      arg_index = value;
+    } else {
+      if (c == '0') specs.fill[0] = '0';
+      if (value != 0) {
+        // Nonzero value means that we parsed width and don't need to
+        // parse it or flags again, so return now.
+        specs.width = value;
+        return arg_index;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  parse_flags(specs, it, end);
+  // Parse width.
+  if (it != end) {
+    if (*it >= '0' && *it <= '9') {
+      detail::error_handler eh;
+      specs.width = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
+    } else if (*it == '*') {
+      ++it;
+      specs.width = static_cast<int>(visit_format_arg(
+          detail::printf_width_handler<char_type>(specs), get_arg()));
+    }
+  }
+  return arg_index;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char>
+OutputIt basic_printf_context<OutputIt, Char>::format() {
+  auto out = this->out();
+  const Char* start = parse_ctx_.begin();
+  const Char* end = parse_ctx_.end();
+  auto it = start;
+  while (it != end) {
+    if (!detail::find<false, Char>(it, end, '%', it)) {
+      it = end;  // detail::find leaves it == nullptr if it doesn't find '%'
+      break;
+    }
+    char_type c = *it++;
+    if (it != end && *it == c) {
+      out = detail::write(
+          out, basic_string_view<Char>(start, detail::to_unsigned(it - start)));
+      start = ++it;
+      continue;
+    }
+    out = detail::write(out, basic_string_view<Char>(
+                                 start, detail::to_unsigned(it - 1 - start)));
+
+    format_specs specs;
+    specs.align = align::right;
+
+    // Parse argument index, flags and width.
+    int arg_index = parse_header(it, end, specs);
+    if (arg_index == 0) on_error("argument not found");
+
+    // Parse precision.
+    if (it != end && *it == '.') {
+      ++it;
+      c = it != end ? *it : 0;
+      if ('0' <= c && c <= '9') {
+        detail::error_handler eh;
+        specs.precision = parse_nonnegative_int(it, end, eh);
+      } else if (c == '*') {
+        ++it;
+        specs.precision = static_cast<int>(
+            visit_format_arg(detail::printf_precision_handler(), get_arg()));
+      } else {
+        specs.precision = 0;
+      }
+    }
+
+    format_arg arg = get_arg(arg_index);
+    // For d, i, o, u, x, and X conversion specifiers, if a precision is
+    // specified, the '0' flag is ignored
+    if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.is_integral())
+      specs.fill[0] =
+          ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-' present.
+    if (specs.precision >= 0 && arg.type() == detail::type::cstring_type) {
+      auto str = visit_format_arg(detail::get_cstring<Char>(), arg);
+      auto str_end = str + specs.precision;
+      auto nul = std::find(str, str_end, Char());
+      arg = detail::make_arg<basic_printf_context>(basic_string_view<Char>(
+          str,
+          detail::to_unsigned(nul != str_end ? nul - str : specs.precision)));
+    }
+    if (specs.alt && visit_format_arg(detail::is_zero_int(), arg))
+      specs.alt = false;
+    if (specs.fill[0] == '0') {
+      if (arg.is_arithmetic() && specs.align != align::left)
+        specs.align = align::numeric;
+      else
+        specs.fill[0] = ' ';  // Ignore '0' flag for non-numeric types or if '-'
+                              // flag is also present.
+    }
+
+    // Parse length and convert the argument to the required type.
+    c = it != end ? *it++ : 0;
+    char_type t = it != end ? *it : 0;
+    using detail::convert_arg;
+    switch (c) {
+    case 'h':
+      if (t == 'h') {
+        ++it;
+        t = it != end ? *it : 0;
+        convert_arg<signed char>(arg, t);
+      } else {
+        convert_arg<short>(arg, t);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'l':
+      if (t == 'l') {
+        ++it;
+        t = it != end ? *it : 0;
+        convert_arg<long long>(arg, t);
+      } else {
+        convert_arg<long>(arg, t);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 'j':
+      convert_arg<intmax_t>(arg, t);
+      break;
+    case 'z':
+      convert_arg<size_t>(arg, t);
+      break;
+    case 't':
+      convert_arg<std::ptrdiff_t>(arg, t);
+      break;
+    case 'L':
+      // printf produces garbage when 'L' is omitted for long double, no
+      // need to do the same.
+      break;
+    default:
+      --it;
+      convert_arg<void>(arg, c);
+    }
+
+    // Parse type.
+    if (it == end) FMT_THROW(format_error("invalid format string"));
+    specs.type = static_cast<char>(*it++);
+    if (arg.is_integral()) {
+      // Normalize type.
+      switch (specs.type) {
+      case 'i':
+      case 'u':
+        specs.type = 'd';
+        break;
+      case 'c':
+        visit_format_arg(detail::char_converter<basic_printf_context>(arg),
+                         arg);
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    start = it;
+
+    // Format argument.
+    out = visit_format_arg(
+        detail::printf_arg_formatter<OutputIt, Char>(out, specs, *this), arg);
+  }
+  return detail::write(
+      out, basic_string_view<Char>(start, detail::to_unsigned(it - start)));
+}
+
+template <typename Char>
+using basic_printf_context_t =
+    basic_printf_context<detail::buffer_appender<Char>, Char>;
+
+using printf_context = basic_printf_context_t<char>;
+using wprintf_context = basic_printf_context_t<wchar_t>;
+
+using printf_args = basic_format_args<printf_context>;
+using wprintf_args = basic_format_args<wprintf_context>;
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs an `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::printf_args`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+inline auto make_printf_args(const T&... args)
+    -> format_arg_store<printf_context, T...> {
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Constructs an `~fmt::format_arg_store` object that contains references to
+  arguments and can be implicitly converted to `~fmt::wprintf_args`.
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+inline auto make_wprintf_args(const T&... args)
+    -> format_arg_store<wprintf_context, T...> {
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto vsprintf(
+    const S& fmt,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> std::basic_string<Char> {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(fmt), args);
+  return to_string(buffer);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Formats arguments and returns the result as a string.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::string message = fmt::sprintf("The answer is %d", 42);
+  \endrst
+*/
+template <typename S, typename... T,
+          typename Char = enable_if_t<detail::is_string<S>::value, char_t<S>>>
+inline auto sprintf(const S& fmt, const T&... args) -> std::basic_string<Char> {
+  using context = basic_printf_context_t<Char>;
+  return vsprintf(to_string_view(fmt), fmt::make_format_args<context>(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto vfprintf(
+    std::FILE* f, const S& fmt,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> int {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(fmt), args);
+  size_t size = buffer.size();
+  return std::fwrite(buffer.data(), sizeof(Char), size, f) < size
+             ? -1
+             : static_cast<int>(size);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to the file *f*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::fprintf(stderr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto fprintf(std::FILE* f, const S& fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
+  using context = basic_printf_context_t<Char>;
+  return vfprintf(f, to_string_view(fmt), fmt::make_format_args<context>(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto vprintf(
+    const S& fmt,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> int {
+  return vfprintf(stdout, to_string_view(fmt), args);
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to ``stdout``.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::printf("Elapsed time: %.2f seconds", 1.23);
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... T, FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+inline auto printf(const S& fmt, const T&... args) -> int {
+  return vprintf(to_string_view(fmt),
+                 fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<char_t<S>>>(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto vfprintf(
+    std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& fmt,
+    basic_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> int {
+  basic_memory_buffer<Char> buffer;
+  vprintf(buffer, to_string_view(fmt), args);
+  os.write(buffer.data(), static_cast<std::streamsize>(buffer.size()));
+  return static_cast<int>(buffer.size());
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Prints formatted data to the stream *os*.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::fprintf(cerr, "Don't %s!", "panic");
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename S, typename... T, typename Char = char_t<S>>
+inline auto fprintf(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, const S& fmt,
+                    const T&... args) -> int {
+  return vfprintf(os, to_string_view(fmt),
+                  fmt::make_format_args<basic_printf_context_t<Char>>(args...));
+}
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_PRINTF_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e19ac6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/ranges.h
@@ -0,0 +1,463 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - experimental range support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2018 - present, Remotion (Igor Schulz)
+// All Rights Reserved
+// {fmt} support for ranges, containers and types tuple interface.
+
+#ifndef FMT_RANGES_H_
+#define FMT_RANGES_H_
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+template <typename Char> struct formatting_base {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename Enable = void>
+struct formatting_range : formatting_base<Char> {
+#ifdef FMT_DEPRECATED_BRACED_RANGES
+  Char prefix = '{';
+  Char postfix = '}';
+#else
+  Char prefix = '[';
+  Char postfix = ']';
+#endif
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename Enable = void>
+struct formatting_tuple : formatting_base<Char> {
+  Char prefix = '(';
+  Char postfix = ')';
+};
+
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename RangeT, typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator copy(const RangeT& range, OutputIterator out) {
+  for (auto it = range.begin(), end = range.end(); it != end; ++it)
+    *out++ = *it;
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator copy(const char* str, OutputIterator out) {
+  while (*str) *out++ = *str++;
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator copy(char ch, OutputIterator out) {
+  *out++ = ch;
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIterator>
+OutputIterator copy(wchar_t ch, OutputIterator out) {
+  *out++ = ch;
+  return out;
+}
+
+/// Return true value if T has std::string interface, like std::string_view.
+template <typename T> class is_std_string_like {
+  template <typename U>
+  static auto check(U* p)
+      -> decltype((void)p->find('a'), p->length(), (void)p->data(), int());
+  template <typename> static void check(...);
+
+ public:
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      is_string<T>::value || !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+};
+
+template <typename Char>
+struct is_std_string_like<fmt::basic_string_view<Char>> : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename... Ts> struct conditional_helper {};
+
+template <typename T, typename _ = void> struct is_range_ : std::false_type {};
+
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER || FMT_MSC_VER > 1800
+
+#  define FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(val)  \
+    ->decltype(val) { return val; } \
+    static_assert(                  \
+        true, "")  // This makes it so that a semicolon is required after the
+                   // macro, which helps clang-format handle the formatting.
+
+// C array overload
+template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto range_begin(const T (&arr)[N]) -> const T* {
+  return arr;
+}
+template <typename T, std::size_t N>
+auto range_end(const T (&arr)[N]) -> const T* {
+  return arr + N;
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct has_member_fn_begin_end_t<T, void_t<decltype(std::declval<T>().begin()),
+                                           decltype(std::declval<T>().end())>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+// Member function overload
+template <typename T>
+auto range_begin(T&& rng) FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(static_cast<T&&>(rng).begin());
+template <typename T>
+auto range_end(T&& rng) FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(static_cast<T&&>(rng).end());
+
+// ADL overload. Only participates in overload resolution if member functions
+// are not found.
+template <typename T>
+auto range_begin(T&& rng)
+    -> enable_if_t<!has_member_fn_begin_end_t<T&&>::value,
+                   decltype(begin(static_cast<T&&>(rng)))> {
+  return begin(static_cast<T&&>(rng));
+}
+template <typename T>
+auto range_end(T&& rng) -> enable_if_t<!has_member_fn_begin_end_t<T&&>::value,
+                                       decltype(end(static_cast<T&&>(rng)))> {
+  return end(static_cast<T&&>(rng));
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct has_const_begin_end : std::false_type {};
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct has_mutable_begin_end : std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct has_const_begin_end<
+    T, void_t<decltype(detail::range_begin(
+                  std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>())),
+              decltype(detail::range_begin(
+                  std::declval<const remove_cvref_t<T>&>()))>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct has_mutable_begin_end<
+    T, void_t<decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<T>())),
+              decltype(detail::range_begin(std::declval<T>())),
+              enable_if_t<std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value>>>
+    : std::true_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_range_<T, void>
+    : std::integral_constant<bool, (has_const_begin_end<T>::value ||
+                                    has_mutable_begin_end<T>::value)> {};
+
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void> struct range_to_view;
+template <typename T>
+struct range_to_view<T, enable_if_t<has_const_begin_end<T>::value>> {
+  struct view_t {
+    const T* m_range_ptr;
+
+    auto begin() const FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(detail::range_begin(*m_range_ptr));
+    auto end() const FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(detail::range_end(*m_range_ptr));
+  };
+  static auto view(const T& range) -> view_t { return {&range}; }
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct range_to_view<T, enable_if_t<!has_const_begin_end<T>::value &&
+                                    has_mutable_begin_end<T>::value>> {
+  struct view_t {
+    T m_range_copy;
+
+    auto begin() FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(detail::range_begin(m_range_copy));
+    auto end() FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN(detail::range_end(m_range_copy));
+  };
+  static auto view(const T& range) -> view_t { return {range}; }
+};
+#  undef FMT_DECLTYPE_RETURN
+#endif
+
+/// tuple_size and tuple_element check.
+template <typename T> class is_tuple_like_ {
+  template <typename U>
+  static auto check(U* p) -> decltype(std::tuple_size<U>::value, int());
+  template <typename> static void check(...);
+
+ public:
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      !std::is_void<decltype(check<T>(nullptr))>::value;
+};
+
+// Check for integer_sequence
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_integer_sequence) || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1900
+template <typename T, T... N>
+using integer_sequence = std::integer_sequence<T, N...>;
+template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = std::index_sequence<N...>;
+template <size_t N> using make_index_sequence = std::make_index_sequence<N>;
+#else
+template <typename T, T... N> struct integer_sequence {
+  using value_type = T;
+
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR size_t size() { return sizeof...(N); }
+};
+
+template <size_t... N> using index_sequence = integer_sequence<size_t, N...>;
+
+template <typename T, size_t N, T... Ns>
+struct make_integer_sequence : make_integer_sequence<T, N - 1, N - 1, Ns...> {};
+template <typename T, T... Ns>
+struct make_integer_sequence<T, 0, Ns...> : integer_sequence<T, Ns...> {};
+
+template <size_t N>
+using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<size_t, N>;
+#endif
+
+template <class Tuple, class F, size_t... Is>
+void for_each(index_sequence<Is...>, Tuple&& tup, F&& f) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  using std::get;
+  // using free function get<I>(T) now.
+  const int _[] = {0, ((void)f(get<Is>(tup)), 0)...};
+  (void)_;  // blocks warnings
+}
+
+template <class T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR make_index_sequence<std::tuple_size<T>::value> get_indexes(
+    T const&) {
+  return {};
+}
+
+template <class Tuple, class F> void for_each(Tuple&& tup, F&& f) {
+  const auto indexes = get_indexes(tup);
+  for_each(indexes, std::forward<Tuple>(tup), std::forward<F>(f));
+}
+
+template <typename Range>
+using value_type =
+    remove_cvref_t<decltype(*detail::range_begin(std::declval<Range>()))>;
+
+template <typename OutputIt> OutputIt write_delimiter(OutputIt out) {
+  *out++ = ',';
+  *out++ = ' ';
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <
+    typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename Arg,
+    FMT_ENABLE_IF(is_std_string_like<typename std::decay<Arg>::type>::value)>
+OutputIt write_range_entry(OutputIt out, const Arg& v) {
+  *out++ = '"';
+  out = write<Char>(out, v);
+  *out++ = '"';
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename Arg,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(std::is_same<Arg, Char>::value)>
+OutputIt write_range_entry(OutputIt out, const Arg v) {
+  *out++ = '\'';
+  *out++ = v;
+  *out++ = '\'';
+  return out;
+}
+
+template <
+    typename Char, typename OutputIt, typename Arg,
+    FMT_ENABLE_IF(!is_std_string_like<typename std::decay<Arg>::type>::value &&
+                  !std::is_same<Arg, Char>::value)>
+OutputIt write_range_entry(OutputIt out, const Arg& v) {
+  return write<Char>(out, v);
+}
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+template <typename T> struct is_tuple_like {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      detail::is_tuple_like_<T>::value && !detail::is_range_<T>::value;
+};
+
+template <typename TupleT, typename Char>
+struct formatter<TupleT, Char, enable_if_t<fmt::is_tuple_like<TupleT>::value>> {
+ private:
+  // C++11 generic lambda for format()
+  template <typename FormatContext> struct format_each {
+    template <typename T> void operator()(const T& v) {
+      if (i > 0) out = detail::write_delimiter(out);
+      out = detail::write_range_entry<Char>(out, v);
+      ++i;
+    }
+    formatting_tuple<Char>& formatting;
+    size_t& i;
+    typename std::add_lvalue_reference<
+        decltype(std::declval<FormatContext>().out())>::type out;
+  };
+
+ public:
+  formatting_tuple<Char> formatting;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return formatting.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext = format_context>
+  auto format(const TupleT& values, FormatContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    size_t i = 0;
+
+    detail::copy(formatting.prefix, out);
+    detail::for_each(values, format_each<FormatContext>{formatting, i, out});
+    detail::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
+
+    return ctx.out();
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char> struct is_range {
+  static FMT_CONSTEXPR_DECL const bool value =
+      detail::is_range_<T>::value && !detail::is_std_string_like<T>::value &&
+      !std::is_convertible<T, std::basic_string<Char>>::value &&
+      !std::is_constructible<detail::std_string_view<Char>, T>::value;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Char>
+struct formatter<
+    T, Char,
+    enable_if_t<
+        fmt::is_range<T, Char>::value
+// Workaround a bug in MSVC 2017 and earlier.
+#if !FMT_MSC_VER || FMT_MSC_VER >= 1927
+        && (has_formatter<detail::value_type<T>, format_context>::value ||
+            detail::has_fallback_formatter<detail::value_type<T>, Char>::value)
+#endif
+        >> {
+  formatting_range<Char> formatting;
+
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return formatting.parse(ctx);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format(const T& values, FormatContext& ctx) {
+    auto out = detail::copy(formatting.prefix, ctx.out());
+    size_t i = 0;
+    auto view = detail::range_to_view<T>::view(values);
+    auto it = view.begin();
+    auto end = view.end();
+    for (; it != end; ++it) {
+      if (i > 0) out = detail::write_delimiter(out);
+      out = detail::write_range_entry<Char>(out, *it);
+      ++i;
+    }
+    return detail::copy(formatting.postfix, out);
+  }
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename... T> struct tuple_arg_join : detail::view {
+  const std::tuple<T...>& tuple;
+  basic_string_view<Char> sep;
+
+  tuple_arg_join(const std::tuple<T...>& t, basic_string_view<Char> s)
+      : tuple(t), sep{s} {}
+};
+
+template <typename Char, typename... T>
+struct formatter<tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>, Char> {
+  template <typename ParseContext>
+  FMT_CONSTEXPR auto parse(ParseContext& ctx) -> decltype(ctx.begin()) {
+    return ctx.begin();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx) {
+    return format(value, ctx, detail::make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>{});
+  }
+
+ private:
+  template <typename FormatContext, size_t... N>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx,
+      detail::index_sequence<N...>) {
+    return format_args(value, ctx, std::get<N>(value.tuple)...);
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format_args(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>&, FormatContext& ctx) {
+    // NOTE: for compilers that support C++17, this empty function instantiation
+    // can be replaced with a constexpr branch in the variadic overload.
+    return ctx.out();
+  }
+
+  template <typename FormatContext, typename Arg, typename... Args>
+  typename FormatContext::iterator format_args(
+      const tuple_arg_join<Char, T...>& value, FormatContext& ctx,
+      const Arg& arg, const Args&... args) {
+    using base = formatter<typename std::decay<Arg>::type, Char>;
+    auto out = ctx.out();
+    out = base{}.format(arg, ctx);
+    if (sizeof...(Args) > 0) {
+      out = std::copy(value.sep.begin(), value.sep.end(), out);
+      ctx.advance_to(out);
+      return format_args(value, ctx, args...);
+    }
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns an object that formats `tuple` with elements separated by `sep`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    std::tuple<int, char> t = {1, 'a'};
+    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join(t, ", "));
+    // Output: "1, a"
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR tuple_arg_join<char, T...> join(const std::tuple<T...>& tuple,
+                                              string_view sep) {
+  return {tuple, sep};
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+FMT_CONSTEXPR tuple_arg_join<wchar_t, T...> join(
+    const std::tuple<T...>& tuple, basic_string_view<wchar_t> sep) {
+  return {tuple, sep};
+}
+
+/**
+  \rst
+  Returns an object that formats `initializer_list` with elements separated by
+  `sep`.
+
+  **Example**::
+
+    fmt::print("{}", fmt::join({1, 2, 3}, ", "));
+    // Output: "1, 2, 3"
+  \endrst
+ */
+template <typename T>
+join_view<const T*, const T*> join(std::initializer_list<T> list,
+                                   string_view sep) {
+  return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
+}
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_RANGES_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h b/external/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f07b6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/include/fmt/xchar.h
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - optional wchar_t and exotic character support
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - present, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#ifndef FMT_WCHAR_H_
+#define FMT_WCHAR_H_
+
+#include <cwchar>
+
+#include "format.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+template <typename T>
+using is_exotic_char = bool_constant<!std::is_same<T, char>::value>;
+}
+
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN
+
+using wstring_view = basic_string_view<wchar_t>;
+using wformat_parse_context = basic_format_parse_context<wchar_t>;
+using wformat_context = buffer_context<wchar_t>;
+using wformat_args = basic_format_args<wformat_context>;
+using wmemory_buffer = basic_memory_buffer<wchar_t>;
+
+#if FMT_GCC_VERSION && FMT_GCC_VERSION < 409
+// Workaround broken conversion on older gcc.
+template <typename... Args> using wformat_string = wstring_view;
+#else
+template <typename... Args>
+using wformat_string = basic_format_string<wchar_t, type_identity_t<Args>...>;
+#endif
+
+template <typename... Args>
+constexpr format_arg_store<wformat_context, Args...> make_wformat_args(
+    const Args&... args) {
+  return {args...};
+}
+
+inline namespace literals {
+constexpr auto operator"" _format(const wchar_t* s, size_t n)
+    -> detail::udl_formatter<wchar_t> {
+  return {{s, n}};
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS && !FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS
+constexpr detail::udl_arg<wchar_t> operator"" _a(const wchar_t* s, size_t) {
+  return {s};
+}
+#endif
+}  // namespace literals
+
+template <typename It, typename Sentinel>
+auto join(It begin, Sentinel end, wstring_view sep)
+    -> join_view<It, Sentinel, wchar_t> {
+  return {begin, end, sep};
+}
+
+template <typename Range>
+auto join(Range&& range, wstring_view sep)
+    -> join_view<detail::iterator_t<Range>, detail::sentinel_t<Range>,
+                 wchar_t> {
+  return join(std::begin(range), std::end(range), sep);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+auto join(std::initializer_list<T> list, wstring_view sep)
+    -> join_view<const T*, const T*, wchar_t> {
+  return join(std::begin(list), std::end(list), sep);
+}
+
+template <typename Locale, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
+                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> vformat(
+    const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  return detail::vformat(loc, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+}
+
+template <typename Locale, typename S, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
+                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+inline std::basic_string<Char> format(const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+                                      Args&&... args) {
+  return detail::vformat(loc, to_string_view(format_str),
+                         fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...));
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
+                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+auto vformat_to(OutputIt out, const S& format_str,
+                basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> OutputIt {
+  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), args);
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
+                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const S& fmt, Args&&... args) -> OutputIt {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(fmt, args...);
+  return vformat_to(out, to_string_view(fmt), vargs);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char, size_t SIZE,
+          typename Allocator, FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_string<S>::value)>
+FMT_DEPRECATED auto format_to(basic_memory_buffer<Char, SIZE, Allocator>& buf,
+                              const S& format_str, Args&&... args) ->
+    typename buffer_context<Char>::iterator {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+  return detail::buffer_appender<Char>(buf);
+}
+
+template <typename Locale, typename S, typename OutputIt, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
+                            detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&&
+                                detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+inline OutputIt vformat_to(
+    OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args) {
+  auto&& buf = detail::get_buffer<Char>(out);
+  vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(format_str), args, detail::locale_ref(loc));
+  return detail::get_iterator(buf);
+}
+
+template <
+    typename OutputIt, typename Locale, typename S, typename... Args,
+    typename Char = char_t<S>,
+    bool enable = detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
+        detail::is_locale<Locale>::value&& detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value>
+inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc, const S& format_str,
+                      Args&&... args) ->
+    typename std::enable_if<enable, OutputIt>::type {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(format_str, args...);
+  return vformat_to(out, loc, to_string_view(format_str), vargs);
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename Char, typename... Args,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
+                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+inline auto vformat_to_n(
+    OutputIt out, size_t n, basic_string_view<Char> format_str,
+    basic_format_args<buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>> args)
+    -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
+  detail::iterator_buffer<OutputIt, Char, detail::fixed_buffer_traits> buf(out,
+                                                                           n);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, format_str, args);
+  return {buf.out(), buf.count()};
+}
+
+template <typename OutputIt, typename S, typename... Args,
+          typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, Char>::value&&
+                            detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+inline auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, const S& fmt,
+                        const Args&... args) -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(fmt, args...);
+  return vformat_to_n(out, n, to_string_view(fmt), vargs);
+}
+
+template <typename S, typename... Args, typename Char = char_t<S>,
+          FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_exotic_char<Char>::value)>
+inline auto formatted_size(const S& fmt, Args&&... args) -> size_t {
+  detail::counting_buffer<Char> buf;
+  const auto& vargs = fmt::make_args_checked<Args...>(fmt, args...);
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, to_string_view(fmt), vargs);
+  return buf.count();
+}
+
+inline void vprint(std::FILE* f, wstring_view fmt, wformat_args args) {
+  wmemory_buffer buffer;
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, args);
+  buffer.push_back(L'\0');
+  if (std::fputws(buffer.data(), f) == -1)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot write to file"));
+}
+
+inline void vprint(wstring_view fmt, wformat_args args) {
+  vprint(stdout, fmt, args);
+}
+
+template <typename... T>
+void print(std::FILE* f, wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  return vprint(f, wstring_view(fmt), make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
+template <typename... T> void print(wformat_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
+  return vprint(wstring_view(fmt), make_wformat_args(args...));
+}
+
+/**
+  Converts *value* to ``std::wstring`` using the default format for type *T*.
+ */
+template <typename T> inline std::wstring to_wstring(const T& value) {
+  return format(FMT_STRING(L"{}"), value);
+}
+FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
+
+#endif  // FMT_WCHAR_H_
diff --git a/external/fmt/src/fmt.cc b/external/fmt/src/fmt.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b491033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/src/fmt.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+module;
+// put all implementation-provided headers into the global module fragment
+// to prevent attachment to this module
+#if !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+#if !defined(WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN) && defined(_WIN32)
+#  define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <chrono>
+#include <climits>
+#include <clocale>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <ctime>
+#include <cwchar>
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>
+#include <locale>
+#include <memory>
+#include <ostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if _MSC_VER
+#  include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+#if defined __APPLE__ || defined(__FreeBSD__)
+#  include <xlocale.h>
+#endif
+#if __has_include(<winapifamily.h>)
+#  include <winapifamily.h>
+#endif
+#if (__has_include(<fcntl.h>) || defined(__APPLE__) || \
+     defined(__linux__)) &&                            \
+    (!defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) || (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_DESKTOP_APP))
+#  include <fcntl.h>
+#  include <sys/stat.h>
+#  include <sys/types.h>
+#  ifndef _WIN32
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#  else
+#    include <io.h>
+#  endif
+#endif
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+export module fmt;
+
+#define FMT_MODULE_EXPORT export
+#define FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_BEGIN export {
+#define FMT_MODULE_EXPORT_END }
+#define FMT_BEGIN_DETAIL_NAMESPACE \
+  }                                \
+  namespace detail {
+#define FMT_END_DETAIL_NAMESPACE \
+  }                              \
+  export {
+
+#if defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && _MSC_FULL_VER > 192930036
+#define FMT_USE_NONTYPE_TEMPLATE_PARAMETERS 0
+#endif
+
+// all library-provided declarations and definitions
+// must be in the module purview to be exported
+#include "fmt/args.h"
+#include "fmt/chrono.h"
+#include "fmt/color.h"
+#include "fmt/compile.h"
+#include "fmt/format.h"
+#include "fmt/os.h"
+#include "fmt/printf.h"
+#include "fmt/xchar.h"
+
+// gcc doesn't yet implement private module fragments
+#if !FMT_GCC_VERSION
+module : private;
+#endif
+
+#include "format.cc"
+#include "os.cc"
diff --git a/external/fmt/src/format.cc b/external/fmt/src/format.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c56cd31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/src/format.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// Formatting library for C++
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - 2016, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+#include "fmt/format-inl.h"
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T>
+int format_float(char* buf, std::size_t size, const char* format, int precision,
+                 T value) {
+#ifdef FMT_FUZZ
+  if (precision > 100000)
+    throw std::runtime_error(
+        "fuzz mode - avoid large allocation inside snprintf");
+#endif
+  // Suppress the warning about nonliteral format string.
+  int (*snprintf_ptr)(char*, size_t, const char*, ...) = FMT_SNPRINTF;
+  return precision < 0 ? snprintf_ptr(buf, size, format, value)
+                       : snprintf_ptr(buf, size, format, precision, value);
+}
+
+template FMT_API dragonbox::decimal_fp<float> dragonbox::to_decimal(float x)
+    FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+template FMT_API dragonbox::decimal_fp<double> dragonbox::to_decimal(double x)
+    FMT_NOEXCEPT;
+}  // namespace detail
+
+// Workaround a bug in MSVC2013 that prevents instantiation of format_float.
+int (*instantiate_format_float)(double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                detail::buffer<char>&) = detail::format_float;
+
+#ifndef FMT_STATIC_THOUSANDS_SEPARATOR
+template FMT_API detail::locale_ref::locale_ref(const std::locale& loc);
+template FMT_API std::locale detail::locale_ref::get<std::locale>() const;
+#endif
+
+// Explicit instantiations for char.
+
+template FMT_API std::string detail::grouping_impl<char>(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API char detail::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API char detail::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref);
+
+template FMT_API void detail::buffer<char>::append(const char*, const char*);
+
+template FMT_API void detail::vformat_to(
+    detail::buffer<char>&, string_view,
+    basic_format_args<FMT_BUFFER_CONTEXT(char)>, detail::locale_ref);
+
+template FMT_API int detail::snprintf_float(double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                            detail::buffer<char>&);
+template FMT_API int detail::snprintf_float(long double, int,
+                                            detail::float_specs,
+                                            detail::buffer<char>&);
+template FMT_API int detail::format_float(double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                          detail::buffer<char>&);
+template FMT_API int detail::format_float(long double, int, detail::float_specs,
+                                          detail::buffer<char>&);
+
+// Explicit instantiations for wchar_t.
+
+template FMT_API std::string detail::grouping_impl<wchar_t>(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API wchar_t detail::thousands_sep_impl(locale_ref);
+template FMT_API wchar_t detail::decimal_point_impl(locale_ref);
+
+template FMT_API void detail::buffer<wchar_t>::append(const wchar_t*,
+                                                      const wchar_t*);
+
+template struct detail::basic_data<void>;
+
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/external/fmt/src/os.cc b/external/fmt/src/os.cc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..934629d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/src/os.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+// Formatting library for C++ - optional OS-specific functionality
+//
+// Copyright (c) 2012 - 2016, Victor Zverovich
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// For the license information refer to format.h.
+
+// Disable bogus MSVC warnings.
+#if !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#  define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#include "fmt/os.h"
+
+#include <climits>
+
+#if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+#  include <sys/stat.h>
+#  include <sys/types.h>
+
+#  ifndef _WIN32
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#  else
+#    ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#      define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#    endif
+#    include <io.h>
+
+#    define O_CREAT _O_CREAT
+#    define O_TRUNC _O_TRUNC
+
+#    ifndef S_IRUSR
+#      define S_IRUSR _S_IREAD
+#    endif
+
+#    ifndef S_IWUSR
+#      define S_IWUSR _S_IWRITE
+#    endif
+
+#    ifdef __MINGW32__
+#      define _SH_DENYNO 0x40
+#    endif
+#  endif  // _WIN32
+#endif    // FMT_USE_FCNTL
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#  include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef fileno
+#  undef fileno
+#endif
+
+namespace {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+// Return type of read and write functions.
+using rwresult = int;
+
+// On Windows the count argument to read and write is unsigned, so convert
+// it from size_t preventing integer overflow.
+inline unsigned convert_rwcount(std::size_t count) {
+  return count <= UINT_MAX ? static_cast<unsigned>(count) : UINT_MAX;
+}
+#elif FMT_USE_FCNTL
+// Return type of read and write functions.
+using rwresult = ssize_t;
+
+inline std::size_t convert_rwcount(std::size_t count) { return count; }
+#endif
+}  // namespace
+
+FMT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+detail::utf16_to_utf8::utf16_to_utf8(basic_string_view<wchar_t> s) {
+  if (int error_code = convert(s)) {
+    FMT_THROW(windows_error(error_code,
+                            "cannot convert string from UTF-16 to UTF-8"));
+  }
+}
+
+int detail::utf16_to_utf8::convert(basic_string_view<wchar_t> s) {
+  if (s.size() > INT_MAX) return ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+  int s_size = static_cast<int>(s.size());
+  if (s_size == 0) {
+    // WideCharToMultiByte does not support zero length, handle separately.
+    buffer_.resize(1);
+    buffer_[0] = 0;
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, s.data(), s_size, nullptr, 0,
+                                   nullptr, nullptr);
+  if (length == 0) return GetLastError();
+  buffer_.resize(length + 1);
+  length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, s.data(), s_size, &buffer_[0],
+                               length, nullptr, nullptr);
+  if (length == 0) return GetLastError();
+  buffer_[length] = 0;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+namespace detail {
+
+class system_message {
+  system_message(const system_message&) = delete;
+  void operator=(const system_message&) = delete;
+
+  unsigned long result_;
+  wchar_t* message_;
+
+  static bool is_whitespace(wchar_t c) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return c == L' ' || c == L'\n' || c == L'\r' || c == L'\t' || c == L'\0';
+  }
+
+ public:
+  explicit system_message(unsigned long error_code)
+      : result_(0), message_(nullptr) {
+    result_ = FormatMessageW(
+        FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+            FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+        nullptr, error_code, MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
+        reinterpret_cast<wchar_t*>(&message_), 0, nullptr);
+    if (result_ != 0) {
+      while (result_ != 0 && is_whitespace(message_[result_ - 1])) {
+        --result_;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  ~system_message() { LocalFree(message_); }
+  explicit operator bool() const FMT_NOEXCEPT { return result_ != 0; }
+  operator basic_string_view<wchar_t>() const FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+    return basic_string_view<wchar_t>(message_, result_);
+  }
+};
+
+class utf8_system_category final : public std::error_category {
+ public:
+  const char* name() const FMT_NOEXCEPT override { return "system"; }
+  std::string message(int error_code) const override {
+    system_message msg(error_code);
+    if (msg) {
+      utf16_to_utf8 utf8_message;
+      if (utf8_message.convert(msg) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        return utf8_message.str();
+      }
+    }
+    return "unknown error";
+  }
+};
+
+}  // namespace detail
+
+FMT_API const std::error_category& system_category() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  static const detail::utf8_system_category category;
+  return category;
+}
+
+std::system_error vwindows_error(int err_code, string_view format_str,
+                                 format_args args) {
+  auto ec = std::error_code(err_code, system_category());
+  return std::system_error(ec, vformat(format_str, args));
+}
+
+void detail::format_windows_error(detail::buffer<char>& out, int error_code,
+                                  const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  FMT_TRY {
+    system_message msg(error_code);
+    if (msg) {
+      utf16_to_utf8 utf8_message;
+      if (utf8_message.convert(msg) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+        format_to(buffer_appender<char>(out), "{}: {}", message, utf8_message);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  FMT_CATCH(...) {}
+  format_error_code(out, error_code, message);
+}
+
+void report_windows_error(int error_code, const char* message) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  report_error(detail::format_windows_error, error_code, message);
+}
+#endif  // _WIN32
+
+buffered_file::~buffered_file() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  if (file_ && FMT_SYSTEM(fclose(file_)) != 0)
+    report_system_error(errno, "cannot close file");
+}
+
+buffered_file::buffered_file(cstring_view filename, cstring_view mode) {
+  FMT_RETRY_VAL(file_, FMT_SYSTEM(fopen(filename.c_str(), mode.c_str())),
+                nullptr);
+  if (!file_)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot open file {}", filename.c_str()));
+}
+
+void buffered_file::close() {
+  if (!file_) return;
+  int result = FMT_SYSTEM(fclose(file_));
+  file_ = nullptr;
+  if (result != 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot close file"));
+}
+
+// A macro used to prevent expansion of fileno on broken versions of MinGW.
+#define FMT_ARGS
+
+int buffered_file::fileno() const {
+  int fd = FMT_POSIX_CALL(fileno FMT_ARGS(file_));
+  if (fd == -1) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot get file descriptor"));
+  return fd;
+}
+
+#if FMT_USE_FCNTL
+file::file(cstring_view path, int oflag) {
+  int mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
+#  if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+  fd_ = -1;
+  FMT_POSIX_CALL(sopen_s(&fd_, path.c_str(), oflag, _SH_DENYNO, mode));
+#  else
+  FMT_RETRY(fd_, FMT_POSIX_CALL(open(path.c_str(), oflag, mode)));
+#  endif
+  if (fd_ == -1)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot open file {}", path.c_str()));
+}
+
+file::~file() FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  // Don't retry close in case of EINTR!
+  // See http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Kernel/2005-09/3000.html
+  if (fd_ != -1 && FMT_POSIX_CALL(close(fd_)) != 0)
+    report_system_error(errno, "cannot close file");
+}
+
+void file::close() {
+  if (fd_ == -1) return;
+  // Don't retry close in case of EINTR!
+  // See http://linux.derkeiler.com/Mailing-Lists/Kernel/2005-09/3000.html
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(close(fd_));
+  fd_ = -1;
+  if (result != 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot close file"));
+}
+
+long long file::size() const {
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+  // Use GetFileSize instead of GetFileSizeEx for the case when _WIN32_WINNT
+  // is less than 0x0500 as is the case with some default MinGW builds.
+  // Both functions support large file sizes.
+  DWORD size_upper = 0;
+  HANDLE handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(_get_osfhandle(fd_));
+  DWORD size_lower = FMT_SYSTEM(GetFileSize(handle, &size_upper));
+  if (size_lower == INVALID_FILE_SIZE) {
+    DWORD error = GetLastError();
+    if (error != NO_ERROR)
+      FMT_THROW(windows_error(GetLastError(), "cannot get file size"));
+  }
+  unsigned long long long_size = size_upper;
+  return (long_size << sizeof(DWORD) * CHAR_BIT) | size_lower;
+#  else
+  using Stat = struct stat;
+  Stat file_stat = Stat();
+  if (FMT_POSIX_CALL(fstat(fd_, &file_stat)) == -1)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot get file attributes"));
+  static_assert(sizeof(long long) >= sizeof(file_stat.st_size),
+                "return type of file::size is not large enough");
+  return file_stat.st_size;
+#  endif
+}
+
+std::size_t file::read(void* buffer, std::size_t count) {
+  rwresult result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(read(fd_, buffer, convert_rwcount(count))));
+  if (result < 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot read from file"));
+  return detail::to_unsigned(result);
+}
+
+std::size_t file::write(const void* buffer, std::size_t count) {
+  rwresult result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(write(fd_, buffer, convert_rwcount(count))));
+  if (result < 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot write to file"));
+  return detail::to_unsigned(result);
+}
+
+file file::dup(int fd) {
+  // Don't retry as dup doesn't return EINTR.
+  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/dup.html
+  int new_fd = FMT_POSIX_CALL(dup(fd));
+  if (new_fd == -1)
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot duplicate file descriptor {}", fd));
+  return file(new_fd);
+}
+
+void file::dup2(int fd) {
+  int result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(dup2(fd_, fd)));
+  if (result == -1) {
+    FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot duplicate file descriptor {} to {}",
+                           fd_, fd));
+  }
+}
+
+void file::dup2(int fd, std::error_code& ec) FMT_NOEXCEPT {
+  int result = 0;
+  FMT_RETRY(result, FMT_POSIX_CALL(dup2(fd_, fd)));
+  if (result == -1) ec = std::error_code(errno, std::generic_category());
+}
+
+void file::pipe(file& read_end, file& write_end) {
+  // Close the descriptors first to make sure that assignments don't throw
+  // and there are no leaks.
+  read_end.close();
+  write_end.close();
+  int fds[2] = {};
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+  // Make the default pipe capacity same as on Linux 2.6.11+.
+  enum { DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 65536 };
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds, DEFAULT_CAPACITY, _O_BINARY));
+#  else
+  // Don't retry as the pipe function doesn't return EINTR.
+  // http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009696799/functions/pipe.html
+  int result = FMT_POSIX_CALL(pipe(fds));
+#  endif
+  if (result != 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot create pipe"));
+  // The following assignments don't throw because read_fd and write_fd
+  // are closed.
+  read_end = file(fds[0]);
+  write_end = file(fds[1]);
+}
+
+buffered_file file::fdopen(const char* mode) {
+// Don't retry as fdopen doesn't return EINTR.
+#  if defined(__MINGW32__) && defined(_POSIX_)
+  FILE* f = ::fdopen(fd_, mode);
+#  else
+  FILE* f = FMT_POSIX_CALL(fdopen(fd_, mode));
+#  endif
+  if (!f)
+    FMT_THROW(
+        system_error(errno, "cannot associate stream with file descriptor"));
+  buffered_file bf(f);
+  fd_ = -1;
+  return bf;
+}
+
+long getpagesize() {
+#  ifdef _WIN32
+  SYSTEM_INFO si;
+  GetSystemInfo(&si);
+  return si.dwPageSize;
+#  else
+  long size = FMT_POSIX_CALL(sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));
+  if (size < 0) FMT_THROW(system_error(errno, "cannot get memory page size"));
+  return size;
+#  endif
+}
+
+FMT_API void ostream::grow(size_t) {
+  if (this->size() == this->capacity()) flush();
+}
+#endif  // FMT_USE_FCNTL
+FMT_END_NAMESPACE
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/Android.mk b/external/fmt/support/Android.mk
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84a3e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/Android.mk
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
+include $(CLEAR_VARS)
+
+LOCAL_MODULE := fmt_static
+LOCAL_MODULE_FILENAME := libfmt
+
+LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ../src/format.cc
+
+LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)
+LOCAL_EXPORT_C_INCLUDES := $(LOCAL_PATH)
+
+LOCAL_CFLAGS += -std=c++11 -fexceptions
+
+include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
+
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/AndroidManifest.xml b/external/fmt/support/AndroidManifest.xml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5281fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/AndroidManifest.xml
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+<manifest package="net.fmtlib" />
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/C++.sublime-syntax b/external/fmt/support/C++.sublime-syntax
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9dfb5cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/C++.sublime-syntax
@@ -0,0 +1,2061 @@
+%YAML 1.2
+---
+# http://www.sublimetext.com/docs/3/syntax.html
+name: C++ (fmt)
+comment: I don't think anyone uses .hp. .cp tends to be paired with .h. (I could be wrong. :) -- chris
+file_extensions:
+  - cpp
+  - cc
+  - cp
+  - cxx
+  - c++
+  - C
+  - h
+  - hh
+  - hpp
+  - hxx
+  - h++
+  - inl
+  - ipp
+first_line_match: '-\*- C\+\+ -\*-'
+scope: source.c++
+variables:
+  identifier: \b[[:alpha:]_][[:alnum:]_]*\b # upper and lowercase
+  macro_identifier: \b[[:upper:]_][[:upper:][:digit:]_]{2,}\b # only uppercase, at least 3 chars
+  path_lookahead: '(?:::\s*)?(?:{{identifier}}\s*::\s*)*(?:template\s+)?{{identifier}}'
+  operator_method_name: '\boperator\s*(?:[-+*/%^&|~!=<>]|[-+*/%^&|=!<>]=|<<=?|>>=?|&&|\|\||\+\+|--|,|->\*?|\(\)|\[\]|""\s*{{identifier}})'
+  casts: 'const_cast|dynamic_cast|reinterpret_cast|static_cast'
+  operator_keywords: 'and|and_eq|bitand|bitor|compl|not|not_eq|or|or_eq|xor|xor_eq|noexcept'
+  control_keywords: 'break|case|catch|continue|default|do|else|for|goto|if|_Pragma|return|switch|throw|try|while'
+  memory_operators: 'new|delete'
+  basic_types: 'asm|__asm__|auto|bool|_Bool|char|_Complex|double|float|_Imaginary|int|long|short|signed|unsigned|void'
+  before_tag: 'struct|union|enum\s+class|enum\s+struct|enum|class'
+  declspec: '__declspec\(\s*\w+(?:\([^)]+\))?\s*\)'
+  storage_classes: 'static|export|extern|friend|explicit|virtual|register|thread_local'
+  type_qualifier: 'const|constexpr|mutable|typename|volatile'
+  compiler_directive: 'inline|restrict|__restrict__|__restrict'
+  visibility_modifiers: 'private|protected|public'
+  other_keywords: 'typedef|nullptr|{{visibility_modifiers}}|static_assert|sizeof|using|typeid|alignof|alignas|namespace|template'
+  modifiers: '{{storage_classes}}|{{type_qualifier}}|{{compiler_directive}}'
+  non_angle_brackets: '(?=<<|<=)'
+
+  regular: '[^(){}&;*^%=<>-]*'
+  paren_open: (?:\(
+  paren_close: '\))?'
+  generic_open: (?:<
+  generic_close: '>)?'
+  balance_parentheses: '{{regular}}{{paren_open}}{{regular}}{{paren_close}}{{regular}}'
+  generic_lookahead: <{{regular}}{{generic_open}}{{regular}}{{generic_open}}{{regular}}{{generic_close}}\s*{{generic_close}}{{balance_parentheses}}>
+
+  data_structures_forward_decl_lookahead: '(\s+{{macro_identifier}})*\s*(:\s*({{path_lookahead}}|{{visibility_modifiers}}|,|\s|<[^;]*>)+)?;'
+  non_func_keywords: 'if|for|switch|while|decltype|sizeof|__declspec|__attribute__|typeid|alignof|alignas|static_assert'
+
+  format_spec: |-
+    (?x:
+      (?:.? [<>=^])?     # fill align
+      [ +-]?             # sign
+      \#?                # alternate form
+      # technically, octal and hexadecimal integers are also supported as 'width', but rarely used
+      \d*                # width
+      ,?                 # thousands separator
+      (?:\.\d+)?         # precision
+      [bcdeEfFgGnosxX%]? # type
+    )
+
+contexts:
+  main:
+    - include: preprocessor-global
+    - include: global
+
+  #############################################################################
+  # Reusable contexts
+  #
+  # The follow contexts are currently constructed to be reused in the
+  # Objetive-C++ syntax. They are specifically constructed to not push into
+  # sub-contexts, which ensures that Objective-C++ code isn't accidentally
+  # lexed as plain C++.
+  #
+  # The "unique-*" contexts are additions that C++ makes over C, and thus can
+  # be directly reused in Objective-C++ along with contexts from Objective-C
+  # and C.
+  #############################################################################
+
+  unique-late-expressions:
+    # This is highlighted after all of the other control keywords
+    # to allow operator overloading to be lexed properly
+    - match: \boperator\b
+      scope: keyword.control.c++
+
+  unique-modifiers:
+    - match: \b({{modifiers}})\b
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+
+  unique-variables:
+    - match: \bthis\b
+      scope: variable.language.c++
+    # common C++ instance var naming idiom -- fMemberName
+    - match: '\b(f|m)[[:upper:]]\w*\b'
+      scope: variable.other.readwrite.member.c++
+    # common C++ instance var naming idiom -- m_member_name
+    - match: '\bm_[[:alnum:]_]+\b'
+      scope: variable.other.readwrite.member.c++
+
+  unique-constants:
+    - match: \bnullptr\b
+      scope: constant.language.c++
+
+  unique-keywords:
+    - match: \busing\b
+      scope: keyword.control.c++
+    - match: \bbreak\b
+      scope: keyword.control.flow.break.c++
+    - match: \bcontinue\b
+      scope: keyword.control.flow.continue.c++
+    - match: \bgoto\b
+      scope: keyword.control.flow.goto.c++
+    - match: \breturn\b
+      scope: keyword.control.flow.return.c++
+    - match: \bthrow\b
+      scope: keyword.control.flow.throw.c++
+    - match: \b({{control_keywords}})\b
+      scope: keyword.control.c++
+    - match: '\bdelete\b(\s*\[\])?|\bnew\b(?!])'
+      scope: keyword.control.c++
+    - match: \b({{operator_keywords}})\b
+      scope: keyword.operator.word.c++
+
+  unique-types:
+    - match: \b(char16_t|char32_t|wchar_t|nullptr_t)\b
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+    - match: \bclass\b
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+
+  unique-strings:
+    - match: '((?:L|u8|u|U)?R)("([^\(\)\\ ]{0,16})\()'
+      captures:
+        1: storage.type.string.c++
+        2: punctuation.definition.string.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: string.quoted.double.c++
+        - match: '\)\3"'
+          scope: punctuation.definition.string.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: '\{\{|\}\}'
+          scope: constant.character.escape.c++
+        - include: formatting-syntax
+
+  unique-numbers:
+    - match: |-
+        (?x)
+        (?:
+        # floats
+          (?:
+          (?:\b\d(?:[\d']*\d)?\.\d(?:[\d']*\d)?|\B\.\d(?:[\d']*\d)?)(?:[Ee][+-]?\d(?:[\d']*\d)?)?(?:[fFlL]|(?:i[fl]?|h|min|[mun]?s|_\w*))?\b
+          |
+          (?:\b\d(?:[\d']*\d)?\.)(?:\B|(?:[fFlL]|(?:i[fl]?|h|min|[mun]?s|_\w*))\b|(?:[Ee][+-]?\d(?:[\d']*\d)?)(?:[fFlL]|(?:i[fl]?|h|min|[mun]?s|_\w*))?\b)
+          |
+          \b\d(?:[\d']*\d)?(?:[Ee][+-]?\d(?:[\d']*\d)?)(?:[fFlL]|(?:i[fl]?|h|min|[mun]?s|_\w*))?\b
+          )
+        |
+        # ints
+          \b(?:
+          (?:
+          # dec
+          [1-9](?:[\d']*\d)?
+          |
+          # oct
+          0(?:[0-7']*[0-7])?
+          |
+          # hex
+          0[Xx][\da-fA-F](?:[\da-fA-F']*[\da-fA-F])?
+          |
+          # bin
+          0[Bb][01](?:[01']*[01])?
+          )
+          # int suffixes
+          (?:(?:l{1,2}|L{1,2})[uU]?|[uU](?:l{0,2}|L{0,2})|(?:i[fl]?|h|min|[mun]?s|_\w*))?)\b
+        )
+        (?!\.) # Number must not be followed by a decimal point
+      scope: constant.numeric.c++
+
+  identifiers:
+    - match: '{{identifier}}\s*(::)\s*'
+      captures:
+        1: punctuation.accessor.c++
+    - match: '(?:(::)\s*)?{{identifier}}'
+      captures:
+        1: punctuation.accessor.c++
+
+  function-specifiers:
+    - match: \b(const|final|noexcept|override)\b
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+
+  #############################################################################
+  # The following are C++-specific contexts that should not be reused. This is
+  # because they push into subcontexts and use variables that are C++-specific.
+  #############################################################################
+
+  ## Common context layout
+
+  global:
+    - match: '(?=\btemplate\b)'
+      push:
+        - include: template
+        - match: (?=\S)
+          set: global-modifier
+    - include: namespace
+    - include: keywords-angle-brackets
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*<)'
+      push: global-modifier
+    # Take care of comments just before a function definition.
+    - match: /\*
+      scope: punctuation.definition.comment.c
+      push:
+        - - match: \s*(?=\w)
+            set: global-modifier
+          - match: ""
+            pop: true
+        - - meta_scope: comment.block.c
+          - match: \*/
+            scope: punctuation.definition.comment.c
+            pop: true
+    - include: early-expressions
+    - match: ^\s*\b(extern)(?=\s+"C(\+\+)?")
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+      push:
+        - include: comments
+        - include: strings
+        - match: '\{'
+          scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_scope: meta.extern-c.c++
+            - match: '^\s*(#\s*ifdef)\s*__cplusplus\s*'
+              scope: meta.preprocessor.c++
+              captures:
+                1: keyword.control.import.c++
+              set:
+                - match: '\}'
+                  scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+                  pop: true
+                - include: preprocessor-global
+                - include: global
+            - match: '\}'
+              scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: preprocessor-global
+            - include: global
+        - match: (?=\S)
+          set: global-modifier
+    - match: ^\s*(?=\w)
+      push: global-modifier
+    - include: late-expressions
+
+  statements:
+    - include: preprocessor-statements
+    - include: scope:source.c#label
+    - include: expressions
+
+  expressions:
+    - include: early-expressions
+    - include: late-expressions
+
+  early-expressions:
+    - include: early-expressions-before-generic-type
+    - include: generic-type
+    - include: early-expressions-after-generic-type
+
+  early-expressions-before-generic-type:
+    - include: preprocessor-expressions
+    - include: comments
+    - include: case-default
+    - include: typedef
+    - include: keywords-angle-brackets
+    - include: keywords-parens
+    - include: keywords
+    - include: numbers
+    # Prevent a '<' from getting scoped as the start of another template
+    # parameter list, if in reality a less-than-or-equals sign is meant.
+    - match: <=
+      scope: keyword.operator.comparison.c
+
+  early-expressions-after-generic-type:
+    - include: members-arrow
+    - include: operators
+    - include: members-dot
+    - include: strings
+    - include: parens
+    - include: brackets
+    - include: block
+    - include: variables
+    - include: constants
+    - match: ','
+      scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+    - match: '\)|\}'
+      scope: invalid.illegal.stray-bracket-end.c++
+
+  expressions-minus-generic-type:
+    - include: early-expressions-before-generic-type
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - include: early-expressions-after-generic-type
+    - include: late-expressions
+
+  expressions-minus-generic-type-function-call:
+    - include: early-expressions-before-generic-type
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - include: early-expressions-after-generic-type
+    - include: late-expressions-before-function-call
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: ';'
+      scope: punctuation.terminator.c++
+
+  late-expressions:
+    - include: late-expressions-before-function-call
+    - include: function-call
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: ';'
+      scope: punctuation.terminator.c++
+
+  late-expressions-before-function-call:
+    - include: unique-late-expressions
+    - include: modifiers-parens
+    - include: modifiers
+    - include: types
+
+  expressions-minus-function-call:
+    - include: early-expressions
+    - include: late-expressions-before-function-call
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: ';'
+      scope: punctuation.terminator.c++
+
+  comments:
+    - include: scope:source.c#comments
+
+  operators:
+    - include: scope:source.c#operators
+
+  modifiers:
+    - include: unique-modifiers
+    - include: scope:source.c#modifiers
+
+  variables:
+    - include: unique-variables
+    - include: scope:source.c#variables
+
+  constants:
+    - include: unique-constants
+    - include: scope:source.c#constants
+
+  keywords:
+    - include: unique-keywords
+    - include: scope:source.c#keywords
+
+  types:
+    - include: unique-types
+    - include: types-parens
+    - include: scope:source.c#types
+
+  strings:
+    - include: unique-strings
+    - match: '(L|u8|u|U)?(")'
+      captures:
+        1: storage.type.string.c++
+        2: punctuation.definition.string.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: string.quoted.double.c++
+        - match: '"'
+          scope: punctuation.definition.string.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: scope:source.c#string_escaped_char
+        - match: |-
+            (?x)%
+              (\d+\$)?                                      # field (argument #)
+              [#0\- +']*                                    # flags
+              [,;:_]?                                       # separator character (AltiVec)
+              ((-?\d+)|\*(-?\d+\$)?)?                       # minimum field width
+              (\.((-?\d+)|\*(-?\d+\$)?)?)?                  # precision
+              (hh|h|ll|l|j|t|z|q|L|vh|vl|v|hv|hl)?          # length modifier
+              (\[[^\]]+\]|[am]s|[diouxXDOUeEfFgGaACcSspn%]) # conversion type
+          scope: constant.other.placeholder.c++
+        - match: '\{\{|\}\}'
+          scope: constant.character.escape.c++
+        - include: formatting-syntax
+    - include: scope:source.c#strings
+
+  formatting-syntax:
+    # https://docs.python.org/3.6/library/string.html#formatstrings
+    - match: |- # simple form
+        (?x)
+        (\{)
+          (?: [\w.\[\]]+)?             # field_name
+          (   ! [ars])?                # conversion
+          (   : (?:{{format_spec}}|    # format_spec OR
+                   [^}%]*%.[^}]*)      # any format-like string
+          )?
+        (\})
+      scope: constant.other.placeholder.c++
+      captures:
+        1: punctuation.definition.placeholder.begin.c++
+        2: storage.modifier.c++onversion.c++
+        3: constant.other.format-spec.c++
+        4: punctuation.definition.placeholder.end.c++
+    - match: \{(?=[^\}"']+\{[^"']*\}) # complex (nested) form
+      scope: punctuation.definition.placeholder.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: constant.other.placeholder.c++
+        - match: \}
+          scope: punctuation.definition.placeholder.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: '[\w.\[\]]+'
+        - match: '![ars]'
+          scope: storage.modifier.conversion.c++
+        - match: ':'
+          push:
+            - meta_scope: meta.format-spec.c++ constant.other.format-spec.c++
+            - match: (?=\})
+              pop: true
+            - include: formatting-syntax
+
+  numbers:
+    - include: unique-numbers
+    - include: scope:source.c#numbers
+
+  ## C++-specific contexts
+
+  case-default:
+    - match: '\b(default|case)\b'
+      scope: keyword.control.c++
+      push:
+        - match: (?=[);,])
+          pop: true
+        - match: ':'
+          scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+
+  modifiers-parens:
+    - match: '\b(alignas)\b\s*(\()'
+      captures:
+        1: storage.modifier.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: '\)'
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+    - match: \b(__attribute__)\s*(\(\()
+      captures:
+        1: storage.modifier.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push :
+        - meta_scope: meta.attribute.c++
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - include: parens
+        - include: strings
+        - match: \)\)
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+    - match: \b(__declspec)(\()
+      captures:
+        1: storage.modifier.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: '\)'
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: '\b(align|allocate|code_seg|deprecated|property|uuid)\b\s*(\()'
+          captures:
+            1: storage.modifier.c++
+            2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+          push:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+            - match: '\)'
+              scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: numbers
+            - include: strings
+            - match: \b(get|put)\b
+              scope: variable.parameter.c++
+            - match: ','
+              scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+            - match: '='
+              scope: keyword.operator.assignment.c++
+        - match: '\b(appdomain|deprecated|dllimport|dllexport|jintrinsic|naked|noalias|noinline|noreturn|nothrow|novtable|process|restrict|safebuffers|selectany|thread)\b'
+          scope: constant.other.c++
+
+  types-parens:
+    - match: '\b(decltype)\b\s*(\()'
+      captures:
+        1: storage.type.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: '\)'
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+
+  keywords-angle-brackets:
+    - match: \b({{casts}})\b\s*
+      scope: keyword.operator.word.cast.c++
+      push:
+        - match: '>'
+          scope: punctuation.section.generic.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: '<'
+          scope: punctuation.section.generic.begin.c++
+          push:
+            - match: '(?=>)'
+              pop: true
+            - include: expressions-minus-generic-type-function-call
+
+  keywords-parens:
+    - match: '\b(alignof|typeid|static_assert|sizeof)\b\s*(\()'
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.operator.word.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: '\)'
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+
+  namespace:
+    - match: '\b(using)\s+(namespace)\s+(?={{path_lookahead}})'
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.c++
+        2: keyword.control.c++
+      push:
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: ''
+          pop: true
+    - match: '\b(namespace)\s+(?=({{path_lookahead}})?(?!\s*[;,]))'
+      scope: meta.namespace.c++
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.namespace.c++ entity.name.namespace.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: ''
+          set:
+            - meta_scope: meta.namespace.c++
+            - include: comments
+            - match: '='
+              scope: keyword.operator.alias.c++
+            - match: '(?=;)'
+              pop: true
+            - match: '\}'
+              scope: meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - match: '\{'
+              scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+              push:
+                - meta_scope: meta.block.c++
+                - match: '(?=\})'
+                  pop: true
+                - include: preprocessor-global
+                - include: global
+            - include: expressions
+
+  template-common:
+    # Exit the template scope if we hit some basic invalid characters. This
+    # helps when a user is in the middle of typing their template types and
+    # prevents re-highlighting the whole file until the next > is found.
+    - match: (?=[{};])
+      pop: true
+    - include: expressions
+
+  template:
+    - match: \btemplate\b
+      scope: storage.type.template.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.template.c++
+        # Explicitly include comments here at the top, in order to NOT match the
+        # \S lookahead in the case of comments.
+        - include: comments
+        - match: <
+          scope: punctuation.section.generic.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.template.c++
+            - match: '>'
+              scope: meta.template.c++ punctuation.section.generic.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - match: \.{3}
+              scope: keyword.operator.variadic.c++
+            - match: \b(typename|{{before_tag}})\b
+              scope: storage.type.c++
+            - include: template # include template here for nested templates
+            - include: template-common
+        - match: (?=\S)
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.template.c++
+            - match: \b({{before_tag}})\b
+              scope: storage.type.c++
+            - include: template-common
+
+  generic-type:
+    - match: '(?=(?!template){{path_lookahead}}\s*{{generic_lookahead}}\s*\()'
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.function-call.c++
+        - match: \btemplate\b
+          scope: storage.type.template.c++
+        - match: '(?:(::)\s*)?{{identifier}}\s*(::)\s*'
+          captures:
+            1: punctuation.accessor.double-colon.c++
+            2: punctuation.accessor.double-colon.c++
+        - match: (?:(::)\s*)?({{identifier}})\s*(<)
+          captures:
+            1: punctuation.accessor.double-colon.c++
+            2: variable.function.c++
+            3: punctuation.section.generic.begin.c++
+          push:
+            - match: '>'
+              scope: punctuation.section.generic.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: expressions-minus-generic-type-function-call
+        - match: (?:(::)\s*)?({{identifier}})\s*(\()
+          captures:
+            1: punctuation.accessor.double-colon.c++
+            2: variable.function.c++
+            3: punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_scope: meta.function-call.c++
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+            - match: '\)'
+              scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: expressions
+        - include: angle-brackets
+        - match: '\('
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_scope: meta.function-call.c++
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+            - match: '\)'
+              scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: expressions
+    - match: '(?=(?!template){{path_lookahead}}\s*{{generic_lookahead}})'
+      push:
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: '<'
+          scope: punctuation.section.generic.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - match: '>'
+              scope: punctuation.section.generic.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: expressions-minus-generic-type-function-call
+
+  angle-brackets:
+    - match: '<(?!<)'
+      scope: punctuation.section.generic.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - match: '>'
+          scope: punctuation.section.generic.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions-minus-generic-type-function-call
+
+  block:
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.block.c++
+        - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else|endif)\b)
+          pop: true
+        - match: '\}'
+          scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: statements
+
+  function-call:
+    - match: (?={{path_lookahead}}\s*\()
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.function-call.c++
+        - include: scope:source.c#c99
+        - match: '(?:(::)\s*)?{{identifier}}\s*(::)\s*'
+          scope: variable.function.c++
+          captures:
+            1: punctuation.accessor.c++
+            2: punctuation.accessor.c++
+        - match: '(?:(::)\s*)?{{identifier}}'
+          scope: variable.function.c++
+          captures:
+            1: punctuation.accessor.c++
+        - match: '\('
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++
+            - match: '\)'
+              scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: expressions
+
+  members-inside-function-call:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.method-call.c++ meta.group.c++
+    - match: \)
+      scope: meta.method-call.c++ meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+      pop: true
+    - include: expressions
+
+  members-after-accessor-junction:
+    # After we've seen an accessor (dot or arrow), this context decides what
+    # kind of entity we're accessing.
+    - include: comments
+    - match: \btemplate\b
+      scope: meta.method-call.c++ storage.type.template.c++
+      # Guaranteed to be a template member function call after we match this
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.method-call.c++
+        - include: comments
+        - match: '{{identifier}}'
+          scope: variable.function.member.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.method-call.c++
+            - match: \(
+              scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+              set: members-inside-function-call
+            - include: comments
+            - include: angle-brackets
+            - match: (?=\S) # safety pop
+              pop: true
+        - match: (?=\S) # safety pop
+          pop: true
+    # Operator overloading
+    - match: '({{operator_method_name}})\s*(\()'
+      captures:
+        0: meta.method-call.c++
+        1: variable.function.member.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      set: members-inside-function-call
+    # Non-templated member function call
+    - match: (~?{{identifier}})\s*(\()
+      captures:
+        0: meta.method-call.c++
+        1: variable.function.member.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      set: members-inside-function-call
+    # Templated member function call
+    - match: (~?{{identifier}})\s*(?={{generic_lookahead}})
+      captures:
+        1: variable.function.member.c++
+      set:
+        - meta_scope: meta.method-call.c++
+        - match: <
+          scope: punctuation.section.generic.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.method-call.c++
+            - match: '>'
+              scope: punctuation.section.generic.end.c++
+              set:
+                - meta_content_scope: meta.method-call.c++
+                - include: comments
+                - match: \(
+                  scope: punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+                  set: members-inside-function-call
+                - match: (?=\S) # safety pop
+                  pop: true
+            - include: expressions
+    # Explicit base-class access
+    - match: ({{identifier}})\s*(::)
+      captures:
+        1: variable.other.base-class.c++
+        2: punctuation.accessor.double-colon.c++
+      set: members-after-accessor-junction # reset
+    # Just a regular member variable
+    - match: '{{identifier}}'
+      scope: variable.other.readwrite.member.c++
+      pop: true
+
+  members-dot:
+    - include: scope:source.c#access-illegal
+    # No lookahead required because members-dot goes after operators in the
+    # early-expressions-after-generic-type context. This means triple dots
+    # (i.e. "..." or "variadic") is attempted first.
+    - match: \.
+      scope: punctuation.accessor.dot.c++
+      push: members-after-accessor-junction
+
+  members-arrow:
+    # This needs to be before operators in the
+    # early-expressions-after-generic-type context because otherwise the "->"
+    # from the C language will match.
+    - match: ->
+      scope: punctuation.accessor.arrow.c++
+      push: members-after-accessor-junction
+
+  typedef:
+    - match: \btypedef\b
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+      push:
+        - match: ({{identifier}})?\s*(?=;)
+          captures:
+            1: entity.name.type.typedef.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: \b(struct)\s+({{identifier}})\b
+          captures:
+            1: storage.type.c++
+        - include: expressions-minus-generic-type
+
+  parens:
+    - match: \(
+      scope: punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: \)
+          scope: punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+
+  brackets:
+    - match: \[
+      scope: punctuation.section.brackets.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.brackets.c++
+        - match: \]
+          scope: punctuation.section.brackets.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+
+  function-trailing-return-type:
+    - match: '{{non_angle_brackets}}'
+      pop: true
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - include: types
+    - include: modifiers-parens
+    - include: modifiers
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: \*|&
+      scope: keyword.operator.c++
+    - include: function-trailing-return-type-parens
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  function-trailing-return-type-parens:
+    - match: \(
+      scope: punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: \)
+          scope: punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: function-trailing-return-type
+
+  ## Detection of function and data structure definitions at the global level
+
+  global-modifier:
+    - include: comments
+    - include: modifiers-parens
+    - include: modifiers
+    # Constructors and destructors don't have a type
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*::\s*{{identifier}}\s*(\(|$))'
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++ entity.name.function.constructor.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: '(?=[^\w\s])'
+          set: function-definition-params
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*::\s*~{{identifier}}\s*(\(|$))'
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++ entity.name.function.destructor.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: '~{{identifier}}'
+        - match: '(?=[^\w\s])'
+          set: function-definition-params
+    # If we see a path ending in :: before a newline, we don't know if it is
+    # a constructor or destructor, or a long return type, so we are just going
+    # to treat it like a regular function. Most likely it is a constructor,
+    # since it doesn't seem most developers would create such a long typename.
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*::\s*$)'
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++ entity.name.function.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: '~{{identifier}}'
+        - match: '(?=[^\w\s])'
+          set: function-definition-params
+    - include: unique-strings
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      set: global-type
+
+  global-type:
+    - include: comments
+    - match: \*|&
+      scope: keyword.operator.c++
+    - match: '(?=\b({{control_keywords}}|{{operator_keywords}}|{{casts}}|{{memory_operators}}|{{other_keywords}}|operator)\b)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '(?=\s)'
+      set: global-maybe-function
+    # If a class/struct/enum followed by a name that is not a macro or declspec
+    # then this is likely a return type of a function. This is uncommon.
+    - match: |-
+        (?x:
+          ({{before_tag}})
+          \s+
+          (?=
+            (?![[:upper:][:digit:]_]+\b|__declspec|{{before_tag}})
+            {{path_lookahead}}
+            (\s+{{identifier}}\s*\(|\s*[*&])
+          )
+        )
+      captures:
+        1: storage.type.c++
+      set:
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: ''
+          set: global-maybe-function
+    # The previous match handles return types of struct/enum/etc from a func,
+    # there this one exits the context to allow matching an actual struct/class
+    - match: '(?=\b({{before_tag}})\b)'
+      set: data-structures
+    - match: '(?=\b({{casts}})\b\s*<)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '{{non_angle_brackets}}'
+      pop: true
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - include: types
+    # Allow a macro call
+    - match: '({{identifier}})\s*(\()(?=[^\)]+\))'
+      captures:
+        1: variable.function.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.function-call.c++
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: '\)'
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*\()'
+      set:
+        - include: function-call
+        - match: ''
+          pop: true
+    - include: variables
+    - include: constants
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: (?=\W)
+      pop: true
+
+  global-maybe-function:
+    - include: comments
+    # Consume pointer info, macros and any type info that was offset by macros
+    - match: \*|&
+      scope: keyword.operator.c++
+    - match: '(?=\b({{control_keywords}}|{{operator_keywords}}|{{casts}}|{{memory_operators}}|{{other_keywords}})\b)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '\b({{type_qualifier}})\b'
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+    - match: '{{non_angle_brackets}}'
+      pop: true
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - include: types
+    - include: modifiers-parens
+    - include: modifiers
+    # All uppercase identifier just before a newline is most likely a macro
+    - match: '[[:upper:][:digit:]_]+\s*$'
+    # Operator overloading
+    - match: '(?=({{path_lookahead}}\s*(?:{{generic_lookahead}})?::\s*)?{{operator_method_name}}\s*(\(|$))'
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++ entity.name.function.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: '(?=\s*(\(|$))'
+          set: function-definition-params
+    # Identifier that is not the function name - likely a macro or type
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}([ \t]+|[*&])(?!\s*(<|::|\(|$)))'
+      push:
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: ''
+          pop: true
+    # Real function definition
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}({{generic_lookahead}}({{path_lookahead}})?)\s*(\(|$))'
+      set: [function-definition-params, global-function-identifier-generic]
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*(\(|$))'
+      set: [function-definition-params, global-function-identifier]
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*::\s*$)'
+      set: [function-definition-params, global-function-identifier]
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  global-function-identifier-generic:
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - match: '::'
+      scope: punctuation.accessor.c++
+    - match: '(?={{identifier}}<.*>\s*\()'
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: entity.name.function.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: '(?=<)'
+          pop: true
+    - match: '(?={{identifier}}\s*\()'
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: entity.name.function.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: ''
+          pop: true
+    - match: '(?=\()'
+      pop: true
+
+  global-function-identifier:
+    - meta_content_scope: entity.name.function.c++
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  function-definition-params:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++
+    - include: comments
+    - match: '(?=\()'
+      set:
+        - match: \(
+          scope: meta.function.parameters.c++ meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.function.parameters.c++ meta.group.c++
+            - match : \)
+              scope: punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+              set: function-definition-continue
+            - match: '\bvoid\b'
+              scope: storage.type.c++
+            - match: '{{identifier}}(?=\s*(\[|,|\)|=))'
+              scope: variable.parameter.c++
+            - match: '='
+              scope: keyword.operator.assignment.c++
+              push:
+                - match: '(?=,|\))'
+                  pop: true
+                - include: expressions-minus-generic-type
+                - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+            - include: expressions-minus-generic-type
+            - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+    - match: (?=\S)
+      pop: true
+
+  function-definition-continue:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++
+    - include: comments
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '->'
+      scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+      set: function-definition-trailing-return
+    - include: function-specifiers
+    - match: '='
+      scope: keyword.operator.assignment.c++
+    - match: '&'
+      scope: keyword.operator.c++
+    - match: \b0\b
+      scope: constant.numeric.c++
+    - match: \b(default|delete)\b
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+    - match: '(?=\{)'
+      set: function-definition-body
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  function-definition-trailing-return:
+    - include: comments
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '(?=\{)'
+      set: function-definition-body
+    - include: function-specifiers
+    - include: function-trailing-return-type
+
+  function-definition-body:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++ meta.block.c++
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.function.c++ meta.block.c++
+        - match: '\}'
+          scope: meta.function.c++ meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else|endif)\b)
+          pop: true
+        - match: '(?=({{before_tag}})([^(;]+$|.*\{))'
+          push: data-structures
+        - include: statements
+
+  ## Data structures including classes, structs, unions and enums
+
+  data-structures:
+    - match: '\bclass\b'
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+      set: data-structures-class-definition
+    # Detect variable type definitions using struct/enum/union followed by a tag
+    - match: '\b({{before_tag}})(?=\s+{{path_lookahead}}\s+{{path_lookahead}}\s*[=;\[])'
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+    - match: '\bstruct\b'
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+      set: data-structures-struct-definition
+    - match: '\benum(\s+(class|struct))?\b'
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+      set: data-structures-enum-definition
+    - match: '\bunion\b'
+      scope: storage.type.c++
+      set: data-structures-union-definition
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  preprocessor-workaround-eat-macro-before-identifier:
+    # Handle macros so they aren't matched as the class name
+    - match: ({{macro_identifier}})(?=\s+~?{{identifier}})
+      captures:
+        1: meta.assumed-macro.c
+
+  data-structures-class-definition:
+    - meta_scope: meta.class.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    - match: '{{identifier}}(?={{data_structures_forward_decl_lookahead}})'
+      scope: entity.name.class.forward-decl.c++
+      set: data-structures-class-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '{{identifier}}'
+      scope: entity.name.class.c++
+      set: data-structures-class-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=[:{])'
+      set: data-structures-class-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-class-definition-after-identifier:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.class.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    # No matching of identifiers since they should all be macros at this point
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-end
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.class.c++ meta.block.c++
+        - match: '\}'
+          scope: meta.class.c++ meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: data-structures-body
+
+  data-structures-struct-definition:
+    - meta_scope: meta.struct.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    - match: '{{identifier}}(?={{data_structures_forward_decl_lookahead}})'
+      scope: entity.name.struct.forward-decl.c++
+      set: data-structures-struct-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '{{identifier}}'
+      scope: entity.name.struct.c++
+      set: data-structures-struct-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=[:{])'
+      set: data-structures-struct-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-struct-definition-after-identifier:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.struct.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    # No matching of identifiers since they should all be macros at this point
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-end
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.struct.c++ meta.block.c++
+        - match: '\}'
+          scope: meta.struct.c++ meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: data-structures-body
+
+  data-structures-enum-definition:
+    - meta_scope: meta.enum.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    - match: '{{identifier}}(?={{data_structures_forward_decl_lookahead}})'
+      scope: entity.name.enum.forward-decl.c++
+      set: data-structures-enum-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '{{identifier}}'
+      scope: entity.name.enum.c++
+      set: data-structures-enum-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=[:{])'
+      set: data-structures-enum-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-enum-definition-after-identifier:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.enum.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    # No matching of identifiers since they should all be macros at this point
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-end
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.enum.c++ meta.block.c++
+        # Enums don't support methods so we have a simplified body
+        - match: '\}'
+          scope: meta.enum.c++ meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: statements
+
+  data-structures-union-definition:
+    - meta_scope: meta.union.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    - match: '{{identifier}}(?={{data_structures_forward_decl_lookahead}})'
+      scope: entity.name.union.forward-decl.c++
+      set: data-structures-union-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '{{identifier}}'
+      scope: entity.name.union.c++
+      set: data-structures-union-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=[{])'
+      set: data-structures-union-definition-after-identifier
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-union-definition-after-identifier:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.union.c++
+    - include: data-structures-definition-common-begin
+    # No matching of identifiers since they should all be macros at this point
+    # Unions don't support base classes
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.union.c++ meta.block.c++
+        - match: '\}'
+          scope: meta.union.c++ meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: data-structures-body
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-definition-common-begin:
+    - include: comments
+    - match: '(?=\b(?:{{before_tag}}|{{control_keywords}})\b)'
+      pop: true
+    - include: preprocessor-other
+    - include: modifiers-parens
+    - include: modifiers
+    - include: preprocessor-workaround-eat-macro-before-identifier
+
+  data-structures-definition-common-end:
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - match: \bfinal\b
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+    - match: ':'
+      scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+      push:
+        - include: comments
+        - include: preprocessor-other
+        - include: modifiers-parens
+        - include: modifiers
+        - match: '\b(virtual|{{visibility_modifiers}})\b'
+          scope: storage.modifier.c++
+        - match: (?={{path_lookahead}})
+          push:
+            - meta_scope: entity.other.inherited-class.c++
+            - include: identifiers
+            - match: ''
+              pop: true
+        - include: angle-brackets
+        - match: ','
+          scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+        - match: (?=\{|;)
+          pop: true
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-body:
+    - include: preprocessor-data-structures
+    - match: '(?=\btemplate\b)'
+      push:
+        - include: template
+        - match: (?=\S)
+          set: data-structures-modifier
+    - include: typedef
+    - match: \b({{visibility_modifiers}})\s*(:)(?!:)
+      captures:
+        1: storage.modifier.c++
+        2: punctuation.section.class.c++
+    - match: '^\s*(?=(?:~?\w+|::))'
+      push: data-structures-modifier
+    - include: expressions-minus-generic-type
+
+  data-structures-modifier:
+    - match: '\bfriend\b'
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+      push:
+        - match: (?=;)
+          pop: true
+        - match: '\{'
+          scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_scope: meta.block.c++
+            - match: '\}'
+              scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: statements
+        - match: '\b({{before_tag}})\b'
+          scope: storage.type.c++
+        - include: expressions-minus-function-call
+    - include: comments
+    - include: modifiers-parens
+    - include: modifiers
+    - match: '\bstatic_assert(?=\s*\()'
+      scope: meta.static-assert.c++ keyword.operator.word.c++
+      push:
+        - match: '\('
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++
+            - match: '\)'
+              scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+              pop: true
+            - include: expressions
+    # Destructor
+    - match: '(?:{{identifier}}\s*(::)\s*)?~{{identifier}}(?=\s*(\(|$))'
+      scope: meta.method.destructor.c++ entity.name.function.destructor.c++
+      captures:
+        1: punctuation.accessor.c++
+      set: method-definition-params
+    # It's a macro, not a constructor if there is no type in the first param
+    - match: '({{identifier}})\s*(\()(?=\s*(?!void){{identifier}}\s*[),])'
+      captures:
+        1: variable.function.c++
+        2: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.function-call.c++
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+        - match: '\)'
+          scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: expressions
+    # Constructor
+    - include: preprocessor-workaround-eat-macro-before-identifier
+    - match: '((?!{{before_tag}}|template){{identifier}})(?=\s*\()'
+      scope: meta.method.constructor.c++ entity.name.function.constructor.c++
+      set: method-definition-params
+    # Long form constructor
+    - match: '({{identifier}}\s*(::)\s*{{identifier}})(?=\s*\()'
+      captures:
+        1: meta.method.constructor.c++ entity.name.function.constructor.c++
+        2: punctuation.accessor.c++
+      push: method-definition-params
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      set: data-structures-type
+
+  data-structures-type:
+    - include: comments
+    - match: \*|&
+      scope: keyword.operator.c++
+      # Cast methods
+    - match: '(operator)\s+({{identifier}})(?=\s*(\(|$))'
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.c++
+        2: meta.method.c++ entity.name.function.c++
+      set: method-definition-params
+    - match: '(?=\b({{control_keywords}}|{{operator_keywords}}|{{casts}}|{{memory_operators}}|{{other_keywords}}|operator)\b)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '(?=\s)'
+      set: data-structures-maybe-method
+    # If a class/struct/enum followed by a name that is not a macro or declspec
+    # then this is likely a return type of a function. This is uncommon.
+    - match: |-
+        (?x:
+          ({{before_tag}})
+          \s+
+          (?=
+            (?![[:upper:][:digit:]_]+\b|__declspec|{{before_tag}})
+            {{path_lookahead}}
+            (\s+{{identifier}}\s*\(|\s*[*&])
+          )
+        )
+      captures:
+        1: storage.type.c++
+      set:
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: ''
+          set: data-structures-maybe-method
+    # The previous match handles return types of struct/enum/etc from a func,
+    # there this one exits the context to allow matching an actual struct/class
+    - match: '(?=\b({{before_tag}})\b)'
+      set: data-structures
+    - match: '(?=\b({{casts}})\b\s*<)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '{{non_angle_brackets}}'
+      pop: true
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - include: types
+    - include: variables
+    - include: constants
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: (?=[&*])
+      set: data-structures-maybe-method
+    - match: (?=\W)
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-maybe-method:
+    - include: comments
+    # Consume pointer info, macros and any type info that was offset by macros
+    - match: \*|&
+      scope: keyword.operator.c++
+    - match: '(?=\b({{control_keywords}}|{{operator_keywords}}|{{casts}}|{{memory_operators}}|{{other_keywords}})\b)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '\b({{type_qualifier}})\b'
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+    - match: '{{non_angle_brackets}}'
+      pop: true
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - include: types
+    - include: modifiers-parens
+    - include: modifiers
+    # Operator overloading
+    - match: '{{operator_method_name}}(?=\s*(\(|$))'
+      scope: meta.method.c++ entity.name.function.c++
+      set: method-definition-params
+    # Identifier that is not the function name - likely a macro or type
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}([ \t]+|[*&])(?!\s*(<|::|\()))'
+      push:
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: ''
+          pop: true
+    # Real function definition
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}({{generic_lookahead}})\s*(\())'
+      set: [method-definition-params, data-structures-function-identifier-generic]
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*(\())'
+      set: [method-definition-params, data-structures-function-identifier]
+    - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*::\s*$)'
+      set: [method-definition-params, data-structures-function-identifier]
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-function-identifier-generic:
+    - include: angle-brackets
+    - match: '(?={{identifier}})'
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: entity.name.function.c++
+        - include: identifiers
+        - match: '(?=<)'
+          pop: true
+    - match: '(?=\()'
+      pop: true
+
+  data-structures-function-identifier:
+    - meta_content_scope: entity.name.function.c++
+    - include: identifiers
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  method-definition-params:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.method.c++
+    - include: comments
+    - match: '(?=\()'
+      set:
+        - match: \(
+          scope: meta.method.parameters.c++ meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_content_scope: meta.method.parameters.c++ meta.group.c++
+            - match : \)
+              scope: punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+              set: method-definition-continue
+            - match: '\bvoid\b'
+              scope: storage.type.c++
+            - match: '{{identifier}}(?=\s*(\[|,|\)|=))'
+              scope: variable.parameter.c++
+            - match: '='
+              scope: keyword.operator.assignment.c++
+              push:
+                - match: '(?=,|\))'
+                  pop: true
+                - include: expressions-minus-generic-type
+            - include: expressions-minus-generic-type
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  method-definition-continue:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.method.c++
+    - include: comments
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '->'
+      scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+      set: method-definition-trailing-return
+    - include: function-specifiers
+    - match: '='
+      scope: keyword.operator.assignment.c++
+    - match: '&'
+      scope: keyword.operator.c++
+    - match: \b0\b
+      scope: constant.numeric.c++
+    - match: \b(default|delete)\b
+      scope: storage.modifier.c++
+    - match: '(?=:)'
+      set:
+        - match: ':'
+          scope: punctuation.separator.initializer-list.c++
+          set:
+            - meta_scope: meta.method.constructor.initializer-list.c++
+            - match: '{{identifier}}'
+              scope: variable.other.readwrite.member.c++
+              push:
+                - match: \(
+                  scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+                  set:
+                    - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+                    - match: \)
+                      scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+                      pop: true
+                    - include: expressions
+                - match: \{
+                  scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+                  set:
+                    - meta_content_scope: meta.group.c++
+                    - match: \}
+                      scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+                      pop: true
+                    - include: expressions
+                - include: comments
+            - match: (?=\{|;)
+              set: method-definition-continue
+            - include: expressions
+    - match: '(?=\{)'
+      set: method-definition-body
+    - match: '(?=\S)'
+      pop: true
+
+  method-definition-trailing-return:
+    - include: comments
+    - match: '(?=;)'
+      pop: true
+    - match: '(?=\{)'
+      set: method-definition-body
+    - include: function-specifiers
+    - include: function-trailing-return-type
+
+  method-definition-body:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.method.c++ meta.block.c++
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.method.c++ meta.block.c++
+        - match: '\}'
+          scope: meta.method.c++ meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else|endif)\b)
+          pop: true
+        - match: '(?=({{before_tag}})([^(;]+$|.*\{))'
+          push: data-structures
+        - include: statements
+
+  ## Preprocessor for data-structures
+
+  preprocessor-data-structures:
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-enabled-data-structures
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-disabled-data-structures
+    - include: preprocessor-practical-workarounds
+
+  preprocessor-rule-disabled-data-structures:
+    - match: ^\s*((#if)\s+(0))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        2: keyword.control.import.c++
+        3: constant.numeric.preprocessor.c++
+      push:
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*else)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.else.c++
+          push:
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*endif\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: negated-block
+            - include: data-structures-body
+        - match: ""
+          push:
+            - meta_scope: comment.block.preprocessor.if-branch.c++
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(else|endif)\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-disabled
+
+  preprocessor-rule-enabled-data-structures:
+    - match: ^\s*((#if)\s+(0*1))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        2: keyword.control.import.c++
+        3: constant.numeric.preprocessor.c++
+      push:
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*else)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.else.c++
+          push:
+            - meta_content_scope: comment.block.preprocessor.else-branch.c++
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*endif\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-disabled
+        - match: ""
+          push:
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(else|endif)\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: negated-block
+            - include: data-structures-body
+
+  ## Preprocessor for global
+
+  preprocessor-global:
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-enabled-global
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-disabled-global
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-other-global
+
+  preprocessor-statements:
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-enabled-statements
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-disabled-statements
+    - include: preprocessor-rule-other-statements
+
+  preprocessor-expressions:
+    - include: scope:source.c#incomplete-inc
+    - include: preprocessor-macro-define
+    - include: scope:source.c#pragma-mark
+    - include: preprocessor-other
+
+  preprocessor-rule-disabled-global:
+    - match: ^\s*((#if)\s+(0))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        2: keyword.control.import.c++
+        3: constant.numeric.preprocessor.c++
+      push:
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*else)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.else.c++
+          push:
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*endif\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: preprocessor-global
+            - include: negated-block
+            - include: global
+        - match: ""
+          push:
+            - meta_scope: comment.block.preprocessor.if-branch.c++
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(else|endif)\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-disabled
+
+  preprocessor-rule-enabled-global:
+    - match: ^\s*((#if)\s+(0*1))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        2: keyword.control.import.c++
+        3: constant.numeric.preprocessor.c++
+      push:
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*else)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.else.c++
+          push:
+            - meta_content_scope: comment.block.preprocessor.else-branch.c++
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*endif\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-disabled
+        - match: ""
+          push:
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(else|endif)\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: preprocessor-global
+            - include: negated-block
+            - include: global
+
+  preprocessor-rule-other-global:
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:if|ifdef|ifndef))\b
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.import.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+        - match: \bdefined\b
+          scope: keyword.control.c++
+        # Enter a new scope where all elif/else branches have their
+        # contexts popped by a subsequent elif/else/endif. This ensures that
+        # preprocessor branches don't push multiple meta.block scopes on
+        # the stack, thus messing up the "global" context's detection of
+        # functions.
+        - match: $\n
+          set: preprocessor-if-branch-global
+
+  # These gymnastics here ensure that we are properly handling scope even
+  # when the preprocessor is used to create different scope beginnings, such
+  # as a different if/while condition
+  preprocessor-if-branch-global:
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      pop: true
+    - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else)\b)
+      push: preprocessor-elif-else-branch-global
+    - match: \{
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set: preprocessor-block-if-branch-global
+    - include: preprocessor-global
+    - include: negated-block
+    - include: global
+
+  preprocessor-block-if-branch-global:
+    - meta_scope: meta.block.c++
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      set: preprocessor-block-finish-global
+    - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else)\b)
+      push: preprocessor-elif-else-branch-global
+    - match: \}
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-global
+    - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-block-finish-global:
+    - meta_scope: meta.block.c++
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:if|ifdef|ifndef))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      set: preprocessor-block-finish-if-branch-global
+    - match: \}
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+      pop: true
+    - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-block-finish-if-branch-global:
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.import.c++
+      pop: true
+    - match: \}
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-global
+    - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-elif-else-branch-global:
+    - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(endif)\b)
+      pop: true
+    - include: preprocessor-global
+    - include: negated-block
+    - include: global
+
+  ## Preprocessor for statements
+
+  preprocessor-rule-disabled-statements:
+    - match: ^\s*((#if)\s+(0))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        2: keyword.control.import.c++
+        3: constant.numeric.preprocessor.c++
+      push:
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*else)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.else.c++
+          push:
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*endif\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: negated-block
+            - include: statements
+        - match: ""
+          push:
+            - meta_scope: comment.block.preprocessor.if-branch.c++
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(else|endif)\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-disabled
+
+  preprocessor-rule-enabled-statements:
+    - match: ^\s*((#if)\s+(0*1))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        2: keyword.control.import.c++
+        3: constant.numeric.preprocessor.c++
+      push:
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: ^\s*(#\s*else)\b
+          captures:
+            1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.else.c++
+          push:
+            - meta_content_scope: comment.block.preprocessor.else-branch.c++
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*endif\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-disabled
+        - match: ""
+          push:
+            - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(else|endif)\b)
+              pop: true
+            - include: negated-block
+            - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-rule-other-statements:
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:if|ifdef|ifndef))\b
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.import.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+        - match: \bdefined\b
+          scope: keyword.control.c++
+        # Enter a new scope where all elif/else branches have their
+        # contexts popped by a subsequent elif/else/endif. This ensures that
+        # preprocessor branches don't push multiple meta.block scopes on
+        # the stack, thus messing up the "global" context's detection of
+        # functions.
+        - match: $\n
+          set: preprocessor-if-branch-statements
+
+  # These gymnastics here ensure that we are properly handling scope even
+  # when the preprocessor is used to create different scope beginnings, such
+  # as a different if/while condition
+  preprocessor-if-branch-statements:
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      pop: true
+    - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else)\b)
+      push: preprocessor-elif-else-branch-statements
+    - match: \{
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+      set: preprocessor-block-if-branch-statements
+    - match: (?=(?!{{non_func_keywords}}){{path_lookahead}}\s*\()
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-function-call
+    - include: negated-block
+    - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-if-branch-function-call:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.function-call.c++
+    - include: scope:source.c#c99
+    - match: '(?:(::)\s*)?{{identifier}}\s*(::)\s*'
+      scope: variable.function.c++
+      captures:
+        1: punctuation.accessor.c++
+        2: punctuation.accessor.c++
+    - match: '(?:(::)\s*)?{{identifier}}'
+      scope: variable.function.c++
+      captures:
+        1: punctuation.accessor.c++
+    - match: '\('
+      scope: meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-function-call-arguments
+
+  preprocessor-if-branch-function-call-arguments:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++
+    - match : \)
+      scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-statements
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:elif|else))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-statements
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-function-call-arguments-finish
+    - include: expressions
+
+  preprocessor-if-branch-function-call-arguments-finish:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++
+    - match: \)
+      scope: meta.function-call.c++ meta.group.c++ punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+      pop: true
+    - include: expressions
+
+  preprocessor-block-if-branch-statements:
+    - meta_scope: meta.block.c++
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      set: preprocessor-block-finish-statements
+    - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else)\b)
+      push: preprocessor-elif-else-branch-statements
+    - match: \}
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-statements
+    - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-block-finish-statements:
+    - meta_scope: meta.block.c++
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:if|ifdef|ifndef))\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+      set: preprocessor-block-finish-if-branch-statements
+    - match: \}
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+      pop: true
+    - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-block-finish-if-branch-statements:
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.import.c++
+      pop: true
+    - match: \}
+      scope: meta.block.c++ punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+      set: preprocessor-if-branch-statements
+    - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-elif-else-branch-statements:
+    - match: (?=^\s*#\s*endif\b)
+      pop: true
+    - include: negated-block
+    - include: statements
+
+  ## Preprocessor other
+
+  negated-block:
+    - match: '\}'
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+      push:
+        - match: '\{'
+          scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+          pop: true
+        - match: (?=^\s*#\s*(elif|else|endif)\b)
+          pop: true
+        - include: statements
+
+  preprocessor-macro-define:
+    - match: ^\s*(\#\s*define)\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.macro.c++ keyword.control.import.define.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_content_scope: meta.preprocessor.macro.c++
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-ending
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+        - match: '({{identifier}})(?=\()'
+          scope: entity.name.function.preprocessor.c++
+          set:
+            - match: '\('
+              scope: punctuation.section.group.begin.c++
+              set: preprocessor-macro-params
+        - match: '{{identifier}}'
+          scope: entity.name.constant.preprocessor.c++
+          set: preprocessor-macro-definition
+
+  preprocessor-macro-params:
+    - meta_scope: meta.preprocessor.macro.parameters.c++ meta.group.c++
+    - match: '{{identifier}}'
+      scope: variable.parameter.c++
+    - match: \)
+      scope: punctuation.section.group.end.c++
+      set: preprocessor-macro-definition
+    - match: ','
+      scope: punctuation.separator.c++
+      push:
+        - match: '{{identifier}}'
+          scope: variable.parameter.c++
+          pop: true
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+        - match: '\.\.\.'
+          scope: keyword.operator.variadic.c++
+        - match: '(?=\))'
+          pop: true
+        - match: (/\*).*(\*/)
+          scope: comment.block.c++
+          captures:
+            1: punctuation.definition.comment.c++
+            2: punctuation.definition.comment.c++
+        - match: '\S+'
+          scope: invalid.illegal.unexpected-character.c++
+    - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+    - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+    - match: '\.\.\.'
+      scope: keyword.operator.variadic.c++
+    - match: (/\*).*(\*/)
+      scope: comment.block.c++
+      captures:
+        1: punctuation.definition.comment.c++
+        2: punctuation.definition.comment.c++
+    - match: $\n
+      scope: invalid.illegal.unexpected-end-of-line.c++
+
+  preprocessor-macro-definition:
+    - meta_content_scope: meta.preprocessor.macro.c++
+    - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+    - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-ending
+    - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+    # Don't define blocks in define statements
+    - match: '\{'
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.begin.c++
+    - match: '\}'
+      scope: punctuation.section.block.end.c++
+    - include: expressions
+
+  preprocessor-practical-workarounds:
+    - include: preprocessor-convention-ignore-uppercase-ident-lines
+    - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-convention-ignore-uppercase-calls-without-semicolon
+
+  preprocessor-convention-ignore-uppercase-ident-lines:
+    - match: ^(\s*{{macro_identifier}})+\s*$
+      scope: meta.assumed-macro.c++
+      push:
+        # It's possible that we are dealing with a function return type on its own line, and the
+        # name of the function is on the subsequent line.
+        - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}({{generic_lookahead}}({{path_lookahead}})?)\s*\()'
+          set: [function-definition-params, global-function-identifier-generic]
+        - match: '(?={{path_lookahead}}\s*\()'
+          set: [function-definition-params, global-function-identifier]
+        - match: ^
+          pop: true
+
+  preprocessor-other:
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:if|ifdef|ifndef|elif|else|line|pragma|undef))\b
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.import.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.preprocessor.c++
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-ending
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+        - match: \bdefined\b
+          scope: keyword.control.c++
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*endif)\b
+      captures:
+        1: meta.preprocessor.c++ keyword.control.import.c++
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:error|warning))\b
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.import.error.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.preprocessor.diagnostic.c++
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-ending
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+        - include: strings
+        - match: '\S+'
+          scope: string.unquoted.c++
+    - match: ^\s*(#\s*(?:include|include_next|import))\b
+      captures:
+        1: keyword.control.import.include.c++
+      push:
+        - meta_scope: meta.preprocessor.include.c++
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-continuation
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-line-ending
+        - include: scope:source.c#preprocessor-comments
+        - match: '"'
+          scope: punctuation.definition.string.begin.c++
+          push:
+            - meta_scope: string.quoted.double.include.c++
+            - match: '"'
+              scope: punctuation.definition.string.end.c++
+              pop: true
+        - match: <
+          scope: punctuation.definition.string.begin.c++
+          push:
+            - meta_scope: string.quoted.other.lt-gt.include.c++
+            - match: '>'
+              scope: punctuation.definition.string.end.c++
+              pop: true
+    - include: preprocessor-practical-workarounds
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/README b/external/fmt/support/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..468f548
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/README
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+This directory contains build support files such as
+
+* CMake modules
+* Build scripts
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/Vagrantfile b/external/fmt/support/Vagrantfile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6b5f93
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/Vagrantfile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+# -*- mode: ruby -*-
+# vi: set ft=ruby :
+
+# A vagrant config for testing against gcc-4.8.
+Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
+  config.vm.box = "ubuntu/xenial64"
+  config.disksize.size = '15GB'
+
+  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
+    vb.memory = "4096"
+  end
+
+  config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
+    apt-get update
+    apt-get install -y g++ make wget git
+    wget -q https://github.com/Kitware/CMake/releases/download/v3.14.4/cmake-3.14.4-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+    tar xzf cmake-3.14.4-Linux-x86_64.tar.gz
+    ln -s `pwd`/cmake-3.14.4-Linux-x86_64/bin/cmake /usr/local/bin
+  SHELL
+end
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/appveyor-build.py b/external/fmt/support/appveyor-build.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6544610
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/appveyor-build.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Build the project on AppVeyor.
+
+import os
+from subprocess import check_call
+
+build = os.environ['BUILD']
+config = os.environ['CONFIGURATION']
+platform = os.environ['PLATFORM']
+path = os.environ['PATH']
+image = os.environ['APPVEYOR_BUILD_WORKER_IMAGE']
+jobid = os.environ['APPVEYOR_JOB_ID']
+cmake_command = ['cmake', '-DFMT_PEDANTIC=ON', '-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=' + config, '..']
+if build == 'mingw':
+    cmake_command.append('-GMinGW Makefiles')
+    build_command = ['mingw32-make', '-j4']
+    test_command = ['mingw32-make', 'test']
+    # Remove the path to Git bin directory from $PATH because it breaks
+    # MinGW config.
+    path = path.replace(r'C:\Program Files (x86)\Git\bin', '')
+    os.environ['PATH'] = r'C:\MinGW\bin;' + path
+else:
+    # Add MSBuild 14.0 to PATH as described in
+    # http://help.appveyor.com/discussions/problems/2229-v140-not-found-on-vs2105rc.
+    os.environ['PATH'] = r'C:\Program Files (x86)\MSBuild\15.0\Bin;' + path
+    if image == 'Visual Studio 2019':
+        generator = 'Visual Studio 16 2019'
+        if platform == 'x64':
+            cmake_command.extend(['-A', 'x64'])
+    else:
+        if image == 'Visual Studio 2015':
+            generator = 'Visual Studio 14 2015'
+        elif image == 'Visual Studio 2017':
+            generator = 'Visual Studio 15 2017'
+        if platform == 'x64':
+            generator += ' Win64'
+    cmake_command.append('-G' + generator)
+    build_command = ['cmake', '--build', '.', '--config', config, '--', '/m:4']
+    test_command = ['ctest', '-C', config]
+
+check_call(cmake_command)
+check_call(build_command)
+check_call(test_command)
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/appveyor.yml b/external/fmt/support/appveyor.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64ca58a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/appveyor.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+configuration:
+  - Debug
+  - Release
+
+clone_depth: 1
+
+image:
+  - Visual Studio 2015
+
+platform:
+  - x64
+
+environment:
+  CTEST_OUTPUT_ON_FAILURE: 1
+  MSVC_DEFAULT_OPTIONS: ON
+  BUILD: msvc
+
+before_build:
+ - mkdir build
+ - cd build
+
+build_script:
+  - python ../support/appveyor-build.py
+
+on_failure:
+  - appveyor PushArtifact Testing/Temporary/LastTest.log
+  - appveyor AddTest test
+
+# Uncomment this to debug AppVeyor failures.
+#on_finish:
+#  - ps: $blockRdp = $true; iex ((new-object net.webclient).DownloadString('https://raw.githubusercontent.com/appveyor/ci/master/scripts/enable-rdp.ps1'))
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/build-docs.py b/external/fmt/support/build-docs.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..70100ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/build-docs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Build the documentation in CI.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import errno, os, shutil, subprocess, sys, urllib
+from subprocess import call, check_call, Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
+
+def rmtree_if_exists(dir):
+    try:
+        shutil.rmtree(dir)
+    except OSError as e:
+        if e.errno == errno.ENOENT:
+            pass
+
+# Build the docs.
+fmt_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__)))
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(fmt_dir, 'doc'))
+import build
+build.create_build_env()
+html_dir = build.build_docs()
+
+repo = 'fmtlib.github.io'
+branch = os.environ['GITHUB_REF']
+is_ci = 'CI' in os.environ
+if is_ci and branch != 'refs/heads/master':
+    print('Branch: ' + branch)
+    exit(0) # Ignore non-master branches
+if is_ci and 'KEY' not in os.environ:
+    # Don't update the repo if building in CI from an account that doesn't have
+    # push access.
+    print('Skipping update of ' + repo)
+    exit(0)
+
+# Clone the fmtlib.github.io repo.
+rmtree_if_exists(repo)
+git_url = 'https://github.com/' if is_ci else 'git@github.com:'
+check_call(['git', 'clone', git_url + 'fmtlib/{}.git'.format(repo)])
+
+# Copy docs to the repo.
+target_dir = os.path.join(repo, 'dev')
+rmtree_if_exists(target_dir)
+shutil.copytree(html_dir, target_dir, ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('.*'))
+if is_ci:
+    check_call(['git', 'config', '--global', 'user.name', 'fmtbot'])
+    check_call(['git', 'config', '--global', 'user.email', 'viz@fmt.dev'])
+
+# Push docs to GitHub pages.
+check_call(['git', 'add', '--all'], cwd=repo)
+if call(['git', 'diff-index', '--quiet', 'HEAD'], cwd=repo):
+    check_call(['git', 'commit', '-m', 'Update documentation'], cwd=repo)
+    cmd = 'git push'
+    if is_ci:
+        cmd += ' https://$KEY@github.com/fmtlib/fmtlib.github.io.git master'
+    p = Popen(cmd, shell=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT, cwd=repo)
+    # Print the output without the key.
+    print(p.communicate()[0].replace(os.environ['KEY'], '$KEY'))
+    if p.returncode != 0:
+        raise subprocess.CalledProcessError(p.returncode, cmd)
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/build.gradle b/external/fmt/support/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d18da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+import java.nio.file.Paths
+
+// General gradle arguments for root project
+buildscript {    
+    repositories {
+        google()
+        jcenter()
+    }
+    dependencies {
+        //
+        // https://developer.android.com/studio/releases/gradle-plugin#updating-gradle
+        //
+        // Notice that 4.0.0 here is the version of [Android Gradle Plugin]
+        // Accroding to URL above you will need Gradle 6.1 or higher
+        //
+        classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.1.1"
+    }
+}
+repositories {
+    google()
+    jcenter()
+}
+
+// Project's root where CMakeLists.txt exists: rootDir/support/.cxx -> rootDir
+def rootDir = Paths.get(project.buildDir.getParent()).getParent()
+println("rootDir: ${rootDir}")
+
+// Output: Shared library (.so) for Android 
+apply plugin: "com.android.library"
+android {
+    compileSdkVersion 25    // Android 7.0
+
+    // Target ABI
+    //  - This option controls target platform of module
+    //  - The platform might be limited by compiler's support
+    //    some can work with Clang(default), but some can work only with GCC...
+    //    if bad, both toolchains might not support it
+    splits {
+        abi {
+            enable true
+            // Specify platforms for Application
+            reset()
+            include  "arm64-v8a", "armeabi-v7a", "x86_64"
+        }
+    }
+    ndkVersion "21.3.6528147" // ANDROID_NDK_HOME is deprecated. Be explicit
+
+    defaultConfig {
+        minSdkVersion 21    // Android 5.0+
+        targetSdkVersion 25 // Follow Compile SDK
+        versionCode 34      // Follow release count
+        versionName "7.1.2" // Follow Official version
+        
+        externalNativeBuild {
+            cmake {
+                arguments "-DANDROID_STL=c++_shared"    // Specify Android STL
+                arguments "-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=true"    // Build shared object
+                arguments "-DFMT_TEST=false"            // Skip test
+                arguments "-DFMT_DOC=false"             // Skip document
+                cppFlags  "-std=c++17"
+                targets   "fmt"
+            }
+        }
+        println(externalNativeBuild.cmake.cppFlags)
+        println(externalNativeBuild.cmake.arguments)
+    }
+
+    // External Native build
+    //  - Use existing CMakeList.txt
+    //  - Give path to CMake. This gradle file should be 
+    //    neighbor of the top level cmake
+    externalNativeBuild {
+        cmake {
+            version "3.10.0+"
+            path "${rootDir}/CMakeLists.txt"
+            // buildStagingDirectory "./build"  // Custom path for cmake output
+        }
+    }
+    
+    sourceSets{
+        // Android Manifest for Gradle
+        main {
+            manifest.srcFile "AndroidManifest.xml"
+        }
+    }
+
+    // https://developer.android.com/studio/build/native-dependencies#build_system_configuration
+    buildFeatures {
+        prefab true
+        prefabPublishing true
+    }
+    prefab {
+        fmt {
+            headers "${rootDir}/include"
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+assemble.doLast
+{
+    // Instead of `ninja install`, Gradle will deploy the files.
+    // We are doing this since FMT is dependent to the ANDROID_STL after build
+    copy {
+        from "build/intermediates/cmake"
+        into "${rootDir}/libs"
+    }
+    // Copy debug binaries
+    copy {
+        from "${rootDir}/libs/debug/obj"
+        into "${rootDir}/libs/debug"
+    }
+    // Copy Release binaries
+    copy {
+        from "${rootDir}/libs/release/obj"
+        into "${rootDir}/libs/release"
+    }
+    // Remove empty directory
+    delete "${rootDir}/libs/debug/obj"
+    delete "${rootDir}/libs/release/obj"
+
+    // Copy AAR files. Notice that the aar is named after the folder of this script.
+    copy {
+        from "build/outputs/aar/support-release.aar"
+        into "${rootDir}/libs"
+        rename "support-release.aar", "fmt-release.aar"
+    }
+    copy {
+        from "build/outputs/aar/support-debug.aar"
+        into "${rootDir}/libs"
+        rename "support-debug.aar", "fmt-debug.aar"
+    }
+}
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/cmake/FindSetEnv.cmake b/external/fmt/support/cmake/FindSetEnv.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e2da54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/cmake/FindSetEnv.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# A CMake script to find SetEnv.cmd.
+
+find_program(WINSDK_SETENV NAMES SetEnv.cmd
+  PATHS "[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\Microsoft SDKs\\Windows;CurrentInstallFolder]/bin")
+if (WINSDK_SETENV AND PRINT_PATH)
+  execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "${WINSDK_SETENV}")
+endif ()
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/cmake/JoinPaths.cmake b/external/fmt/support/cmake/JoinPaths.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32d6d66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/cmake/JoinPaths.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# This module provides function for joining paths
+# known from from most languages
+#
+# Original license:
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: (MIT OR CC0-1.0)
+# Explicit permission given to distribute this module under
+# the terms of the project as described in /LICENSE.rst.
+# Copyright 2020 Jan Tojnar
+# https://github.com/jtojnar/cmake-snips
+#
+# Modelled after Python’s os.path.join
+# https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/os.path.html#os.path.join
+# Windows not supported
+function(join_paths joined_path first_path_segment)
+    set(temp_path "${first_path_segment}")
+    foreach(current_segment IN LISTS ARGN)
+        if(NOT ("${current_segment}" STREQUAL ""))
+            if(IS_ABSOLUTE "${current_segment}")
+                set(temp_path "${current_segment}")
+            else()
+                set(temp_path "${temp_path}/${current_segment}")
+            endif()
+        endif()
+    endforeach()
+    set(${joined_path} "${temp_path}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+endfunction()
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/cmake/cxx14.cmake b/external/fmt/support/cmake/cxx14.cmake
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16ff575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/cmake/cxx14.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+# C++14 feature support detection
+
+include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+include(CheckCXXCompilerFlag)
+
+if (NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
+  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
+endif()
+message(STATUS "CXX_STANDARD: ${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD}")
+
+if (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD EQUAL 20)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++20 has_std_20_flag)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++2a has_std_2a_flag)
+
+  if (has_std_20_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++20)
+  elseif (has_std_2a_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++2a)
+  endif ()
+elseif (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD EQUAL 17)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++17 has_std_17_flag)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++1z has_std_1z_flag)
+
+  if (has_std_17_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++17)
+  elseif (has_std_1z_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++1z)
+  endif ()
+elseif (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD EQUAL 14)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++14 has_std_14_flag)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++1y has_std_1y_flag)
+
+  if (has_std_14_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++14)
+  elseif (has_std_1y_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++1y)
+  endif ()
+elseif (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD EQUAL 11)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++11 has_std_11_flag)
+  check_cxx_compiler_flag(-std=c++0x has_std_0x_flag)
+
+  if (has_std_11_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++11)
+  elseif (has_std_0x_flag)
+    set(CXX_STANDARD_FLAG -std=c++0x)
+  endif ()
+endif ()
+
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CXX_STANDARD_FLAG})
+
+# Check if user-defined literals are available
+check_cxx_source_compiles("
+  void operator\"\" _udl(long double);
+  int main() {}"
+  SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS)
+if (NOT SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS)
+  set (SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_LITERALS OFF)
+endif ()
+
+# Check if <variant> is available
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS -std=c++1z)
+check_cxx_source_compiles("
+  #include <variant>
+  int main() {}"
+  FMT_HAS_VARIANT)
+if (NOT FMT_HAS_VARIANT)
+  set (FMT_HAS_VARIANT OFF)
+endif ()
+
+set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS )
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/cmake/fmt-config.cmake.in b/external/fmt/support/cmake/fmt-config.cmake.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..71e3028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/cmake/fmt-config.cmake.in
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+@PACKAGE_INIT@
+
+include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/@targets_export_name@.cmake)
+check_required_components(fmt)
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/cmake/fmt.pc.in b/external/fmt/support/cmake/fmt.pc.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29976a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/cmake/fmt.pc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
+exec_prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
+libdir=@libdir_for_pc_file@
+includedir=@includedir_for_pc_file@
+
+Name: fmt
+Description: A modern formatting library
+Version: @FMT_VERSION@
+Libs: -L${libdir} -l@FMT_LIB_NAME@
+Cflags: -I${includedir}
+
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/compute-powers.py b/external/fmt/support/compute-powers.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..601063d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/compute-powers.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# Compute 10 ** exp with exp in the range [min_exponent, max_exponent] and print
+# normalized (with most-significant bit equal to 1) significands in hexadecimal.
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+
+min_exponent = -348
+max_exponent = 340
+step = 8
+significand_size = 64
+exp_offset = 2000
+
+class fp:
+    pass
+
+powers = []
+for i, exp in enumerate(range(min_exponent, max_exponent + 1, step)):
+    result = fp()
+    n = 10 ** exp if exp >= 0 else 2 ** exp_offset / 10 ** -exp
+    k = significand_size + 1
+    # Convert to binary and round.
+    binary = '{:b}'.format(n)
+    result.f = (int('{:0<{}}'.format(binary[:k], k), 2) + 1) / 2
+    result.e = len(binary) - (exp_offset if exp < 0 else 0) - significand_size
+    powers.append(result)
+    # Sanity check.
+    exp_offset10 = 400
+    actual = result.f * 10 ** exp_offset10
+    if result.e > 0:
+        actual *= 2 ** result.e
+    else:
+        for j in range(-result.e):
+            actual /= 2
+    expected = 10 ** (exp_offset10 + exp)
+    precision = len('{}'.format(expected)) - len('{}'.format(actual - expected))
+    if precision < 19:
+        print('low precision:', precision)
+        exit(1)
+
+print('Significands:', end='')
+for i, fp in enumerate(powers):
+    if i % 3 == 0:
+        print(end='\n ')
+    print(' {:0<#16x}'.format(fp.f, ), end=',')
+
+print('\n\nExponents:', end='')
+for i, fp in enumerate(powers):
+    if i % 11 == 0:
+        print(end='\n ')
+    print(' {:5}'.format(fp.e), end=',')
+
+print('\n\nMax exponent difference:',
+      max([x.e - powers[i - 1].e for i, x in enumerate(powers)][1:]))
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/docopt.py b/external/fmt/support/docopt.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2e43f7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/docopt.py
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+"""Pythonic command-line interface parser that will make you smile.
+
+ * http://docopt.org
+ * Repository and issue-tracker: https://github.com/docopt/docopt
+ * Licensed under terms of MIT license (see LICENSE-MIT)
+ * Copyright (c) 2013 Vladimir Keleshev, vladimir@keleshev.com
+
+"""
+import sys
+import re
+
+
+__all__ = ['docopt']
+__version__ = '0.6.1'
+
+
+class DocoptLanguageError(Exception):
+
+    """Error in construction of usage-message by developer."""
+
+
+class DocoptExit(SystemExit):
+
+    """Exit in case user invoked program with incorrect arguments."""
+
+    usage = ''
+
+    def __init__(self, message=''):
+        SystemExit.__init__(self, (message + '\n' + self.usage).strip())
+
+
+class Pattern(object):
+
+    def __eq__(self, other):
+        return repr(self) == repr(other)
+
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(repr(self))
+
+    def fix(self):
+        self.fix_identities()
+        self.fix_repeating_arguments()
+        return self
+
+    def fix_identities(self, uniq=None):
+        """Make pattern-tree tips point to same object if they are equal."""
+        if not hasattr(self, 'children'):
+            return self
+        uniq = list(set(self.flat())) if uniq is None else uniq
+        for i, child in enumerate(self.children):
+            if not hasattr(child, 'children'):
+                assert child in uniq
+                self.children[i] = uniq[uniq.index(child)]
+            else:
+                child.fix_identities(uniq)
+
+    def fix_repeating_arguments(self):
+        """Fix elements that should accumulate/increment values."""
+        either = [list(child.children) for child in transform(self).children]
+        for case in either:
+            for e in [child for child in case if case.count(child) > 1]:
+                if type(e) is Argument or type(e) is Option and e.argcount:
+                    if e.value is None:
+                        e.value = []
+                    elif type(e.value) is not list:
+                        e.value = e.value.split()
+                if type(e) is Command or type(e) is Option and e.argcount == 0:
+                    e.value = 0
+        return self
+
+
+def transform(pattern):
+    """Expand pattern into an (almost) equivalent one, but with single Either.
+
+    Example: ((-a | -b) (-c | -d)) => (-a -c | -a -d | -b -c | -b -d)
+    Quirks: [-a] => (-a), (-a...) => (-a -a)
+
+    """
+    result = []
+    groups = [[pattern]]
+    while groups:
+        children = groups.pop(0)
+        parents = [Required, Optional, OptionsShortcut, Either, OneOrMore]
+        if any(t in map(type, children) for t in parents):
+            child = [c for c in children if type(c) in parents][0]
+            children.remove(child)
+            if type(child) is Either:
+                for c in child.children:
+                    groups.append([c] + children)
+            elif type(child) is OneOrMore:
+                groups.append(child.children * 2 + children)
+            else:
+                groups.append(child.children + children)
+        else:
+            result.append(children)
+    return Either(*[Required(*e) for e in result])
+
+
+class LeafPattern(Pattern):
+
+    """Leaf/terminal node of a pattern tree."""
+
+    def __init__(self, name, value=None):
+        self.name, self.value = name, value
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s(%r, %r)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.name, self.value)
+
+    def flat(self, *types):
+        return [self] if not types or type(self) in types else []
+
+    def match(self, left, collected=None):
+        collected = [] if collected is None else collected
+        pos, match = self.single_match(left)
+        if match is None:
+            return False, left, collected
+        left_ = left[:pos] + left[pos + 1:]
+        same_name = [a for a in collected if a.name == self.name]
+        if type(self.value) in (int, list):
+            if type(self.value) is int:
+                increment = 1
+            else:
+                increment = ([match.value] if type(match.value) is str
+                             else match.value)
+            if not same_name:
+                match.value = increment
+                return True, left_, collected + [match]
+            same_name[0].value += increment
+            return True, left_, collected
+        return True, left_, collected + [match]
+
+
+class BranchPattern(Pattern):
+
+    """Branch/inner node of a pattern tree."""
+
+    def __init__(self, *children):
+        self.children = list(children)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__,
+                           ', '.join(repr(a) for a in self.children))
+
+    def flat(self, *types):
+        if type(self) in types:
+            return [self]
+        return sum([child.flat(*types) for child in self.children], [])
+
+
+class Argument(LeafPattern):
+
+    def single_match(self, left):
+        for n, pattern in enumerate(left):
+            if type(pattern) is Argument:
+                return n, Argument(self.name, pattern.value)
+        return None, None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(class_, source):
+        name = re.findall('(<\S*?>)', source)[0]
+        value = re.findall('\[default: (.*)\]', source, flags=re.I)
+        return class_(name, value[0] if value else None)
+
+
+class Command(Argument):
+
+    def __init__(self, name, value=False):
+        self.name, self.value = name, value
+
+    def single_match(self, left):
+        for n, pattern in enumerate(left):
+            if type(pattern) is Argument:
+                if pattern.value == self.name:
+                    return n, Command(self.name, True)
+                else:
+                    break
+        return None, None
+
+
+class Option(LeafPattern):
+
+    def __init__(self, short=None, long=None, argcount=0, value=False):
+        assert argcount in (0, 1)
+        self.short, self.long, self.argcount = short, long, argcount
+        self.value = None if value is False and argcount else value
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse(class_, option_description):
+        short, long, argcount, value = None, None, 0, False
+        options, _, description = option_description.strip().partition('  ')
+        options = options.replace(',', ' ').replace('=', ' ')
+        for s in options.split():
+            if s.startswith('--'):
+                long = s
+            elif s.startswith('-'):
+                short = s
+            else:
+                argcount = 1
+        if argcount:
+            matched = re.findall('\[default: (.*)\]', description, flags=re.I)
+            value = matched[0] if matched else None
+        return class_(short, long, argcount, value)
+
+    def single_match(self, left):
+        for n, pattern in enumerate(left):
+            if self.name == pattern.name:
+                return n, pattern
+        return None, None
+
+    @property
+    def name(self):
+        return self.long or self.short
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return 'Option(%r, %r, %r, %r)' % (self.short, self.long,
+                                           self.argcount, self.value)
+
+
+class Required(BranchPattern):
+
+    def match(self, left, collected=None):
+        collected = [] if collected is None else collected
+        l = left
+        c = collected
+        for pattern in self.children:
+            matched, l, c = pattern.match(l, c)
+            if not matched:
+                return False, left, collected
+        return True, l, c
+
+
+class Optional(BranchPattern):
+
+    def match(self, left, collected=None):
+        collected = [] if collected is None else collected
+        for pattern in self.children:
+            m, left, collected = pattern.match(left, collected)
+        return True, left, collected
+
+
+class OptionsShortcut(Optional):
+
+    """Marker/placeholder for [options] shortcut."""
+
+
+class OneOrMore(BranchPattern):
+
+    def match(self, left, collected=None):
+        assert len(self.children) == 1
+        collected = [] if collected is None else collected
+        l = left
+        c = collected
+        l_ = None
+        matched = True
+        times = 0
+        while matched:
+            # could it be that something didn't match but changed l or c?
+            matched, l, c = self.children[0].match(l, c)
+            times += 1 if matched else 0
+            if l_ == l:
+                break
+            l_ = l
+        if times >= 1:
+            return True, l, c
+        return False, left, collected
+
+
+class Either(BranchPattern):
+
+    def match(self, left, collected=None):
+        collected = [] if collected is None else collected
+        outcomes = []
+        for pattern in self.children:
+            matched, _, _ = outcome = pattern.match(left, collected)
+            if matched:
+                outcomes.append(outcome)
+        if outcomes:
+            return min(outcomes, key=lambda outcome: len(outcome[1]))
+        return False, left, collected
+
+
+class Tokens(list):
+
+    def __init__(self, source, error=DocoptExit):
+        self += source.split() if hasattr(source, 'split') else source
+        self.error = error
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def from_pattern(source):
+        source = re.sub(r'([\[\]\(\)\|]|\.\.\.)', r' \1 ', source)
+        source = [s for s in re.split('\s+|(\S*<.*?>)', source) if s]
+        return Tokens(source, error=DocoptLanguageError)
+
+    def move(self):
+        return self.pop(0) if len(self) else None
+
+    def current(self):
+        return self[0] if len(self) else None
+
+
+def parse_long(tokens, options):
+    """long ::= '--' chars [ ( ' ' | '=' ) chars ] ;"""
+    long, eq, value = tokens.move().partition('=')
+    assert long.startswith('--')
+    value = None if eq == value == '' else value
+    similar = [o for o in options if o.long == long]
+    if tokens.error is DocoptExit and similar == []:  # if no exact match
+        similar = [o for o in options if o.long and o.long.startswith(long)]
+    if len(similar) > 1:  # might be simply specified ambiguously 2+ times?
+        raise tokens.error('%s is not a unique prefix: %s?' %
+                           (long, ', '.join(o.long for o in similar)))
+    elif len(similar) < 1:
+        argcount = 1 if eq == '=' else 0
+        o = Option(None, long, argcount)
+        options.append(o)
+        if tokens.error is DocoptExit:
+            o = Option(None, long, argcount, value if argcount else True)
+    else:
+        o = Option(similar[0].short, similar[0].long,
+                   similar[0].argcount, similar[0].value)
+        if o.argcount == 0:
+            if value is not None:
+                raise tokens.error('%s must not have an argument' % o.long)
+        else:
+            if value is None:
+                if tokens.current() in [None, '--']:
+                    raise tokens.error('%s requires argument' % o.long)
+                value = tokens.move()
+        if tokens.error is DocoptExit:
+            o.value = value if value is not None else True
+    return [o]
+
+
+def parse_shorts(tokens, options):
+    """shorts ::= '-' ( chars )* [ [ ' ' ] chars ] ;"""
+    token = tokens.move()
+    assert token.startswith('-') and not token.startswith('--')
+    left = token.lstrip('-')
+    parsed = []
+    while left != '':
+        short, left = '-' + left[0], left[1:]
+        similar = [o for o in options if o.short == short]
+        if len(similar) > 1:
+            raise tokens.error('%s is specified ambiguously %d times' %
+                               (short, len(similar)))
+        elif len(similar) < 1:
+            o = Option(short, None, 0)
+            options.append(o)
+            if tokens.error is DocoptExit:
+                o = Option(short, None, 0, True)
+        else:  # why copying is necessary here?
+            o = Option(short, similar[0].long,
+                       similar[0].argcount, similar[0].value)
+            value = None
+            if o.argcount != 0:
+                if left == '':
+                    if tokens.current() in [None, '--']:
+                        raise tokens.error('%s requires argument' % short)
+                    value = tokens.move()
+                else:
+                    value = left
+                    left = ''
+            if tokens.error is DocoptExit:
+                o.value = value if value is not None else True
+        parsed.append(o)
+    return parsed
+
+
+def parse_pattern(source, options):
+    tokens = Tokens.from_pattern(source)
+    result = parse_expr(tokens, options)
+    if tokens.current() is not None:
+        raise tokens.error('unexpected ending: %r' % ' '.join(tokens))
+    return Required(*result)
+
+
+def parse_expr(tokens, options):
+    """expr ::= seq ( '|' seq )* ;"""
+    seq = parse_seq(tokens, options)
+    if tokens.current() != '|':
+        return seq
+    result = [Required(*seq)] if len(seq) > 1 else seq
+    while tokens.current() == '|':
+        tokens.move()
+        seq = parse_seq(tokens, options)
+        result += [Required(*seq)] if len(seq) > 1 else seq
+    return [Either(*result)] if len(result) > 1 else result
+
+
+def parse_seq(tokens, options):
+    """seq ::= ( atom [ '...' ] )* ;"""
+    result = []
+    while tokens.current() not in [None, ']', ')', '|']:
+        atom = parse_atom(tokens, options)
+        if tokens.current() == '...':
+            atom = [OneOrMore(*atom)]
+            tokens.move()
+        result += atom
+    return result
+
+
+def parse_atom(tokens, options):
+    """atom ::= '(' expr ')' | '[' expr ']' | 'options'
+             | long | shorts | argument | command ;
+    """
+    token = tokens.current()
+    result = []
+    if token in '([':
+        tokens.move()
+        matching, pattern = {'(': [')', Required], '[': [']', Optional]}[token]
+        result = pattern(*parse_expr(tokens, options))
+        if tokens.move() != matching:
+            raise tokens.error("unmatched '%s'" % token)
+        return [result]
+    elif token == 'options':
+        tokens.move()
+        return [OptionsShortcut()]
+    elif token.startswith('--') and token != '--':
+        return parse_long(tokens, options)
+    elif token.startswith('-') and token not in ('-', '--'):
+        return parse_shorts(tokens, options)
+    elif token.startswith('<') and token.endswith('>') or token.isupper():
+        return [Argument(tokens.move())]
+    else:
+        return [Command(tokens.move())]
+
+
+def parse_argv(tokens, options, options_first=False):
+    """Parse command-line argument vector.
+
+    If options_first:
+        argv ::= [ long | shorts ]* [ argument ]* [ '--' [ argument ]* ] ;
+    else:
+        argv ::= [ long | shorts | argument ]* [ '--' [ argument ]* ] ;
+
+    """
+    parsed = []
+    while tokens.current() is not None:
+        if tokens.current() == '--':
+            return parsed + [Argument(None, v) for v in tokens]
+        elif tokens.current().startswith('--'):
+            parsed += parse_long(tokens, options)
+        elif tokens.current().startswith('-') and tokens.current() != '-':
+            parsed += parse_shorts(tokens, options)
+        elif options_first:
+            return parsed + [Argument(None, v) for v in tokens]
+        else:
+            parsed.append(Argument(None, tokens.move()))
+    return parsed
+
+
+def parse_defaults(doc):
+    defaults = []
+    for s in parse_section('options:', doc):
+        # FIXME corner case "bla: options: --foo"
+        _, _, s = s.partition(':')  # get rid of "options:"
+        split = re.split('\n[ \t]*(-\S+?)', '\n' + s)[1:]
+        split = [s1 + s2 for s1, s2 in zip(split[::2], split[1::2])]
+        options = [Option.parse(s) for s in split if s.startswith('-')]
+        defaults += options
+    return defaults
+
+
+def parse_section(name, source):
+    pattern = re.compile('^([^\n]*' + name + '[^\n]*\n?(?:[ \t].*?(?:\n|$))*)',
+                         re.IGNORECASE | re.MULTILINE)
+    return [s.strip() for s in pattern.findall(source)]
+
+
+def formal_usage(section):
+    _, _, section = section.partition(':')  # drop "usage:"
+    pu = section.split()
+    return '( ' + ' '.join(') | (' if s == pu[0] else s for s in pu[1:]) + ' )'
+
+
+def extras(help, version, options, doc):
+    if help and any((o.name in ('-h', '--help')) and o.value for o in options):
+        print(doc.strip("\n"))
+        sys.exit()
+    if version and any(o.name == '--version' and o.value for o in options):
+        print(version)
+        sys.exit()
+
+
+class Dict(dict):
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return '{%s}' % ',\n '.join('%r: %r' % i for i in sorted(self.items()))
+
+
+def docopt(doc, argv=None, help=True, version=None, options_first=False):
+    """Parse `argv` based on command-line interface described in `doc`.
+
+    `docopt` creates your command-line interface based on its
+    description that you pass as `doc`. Such description can contain
+    --options, <positional-argument>, commands, which could be
+    [optional], (required), (mutually | exclusive) or repeated...
+
+    Parameters
+    ----------
+    doc : str
+        Description of your command-line interface.
+    argv : list of str, optional
+        Argument vector to be parsed. sys.argv[1:] is used if not
+        provided.
+    help : bool (default: True)
+        Set to False to disable automatic help on -h or --help
+        options.
+    version : any object
+        If passed, the object will be printed if --version is in
+        `argv`.
+    options_first : bool (default: False)
+        Set to True to require options precede positional arguments,
+        i.e. to forbid options and positional arguments intermix.
+
+    Returns
+    -------
+    args : dict
+        A dictionary, where keys are names of command-line elements
+        such as e.g. "--verbose" and "<path>", and values are the
+        parsed values of those elements.
+
+    Example
+    -------
+    >>> from docopt import docopt
+    >>> doc = '''
+    ... Usage:
+    ...     my_program tcp <host> <port> [--timeout=<seconds>]
+    ...     my_program serial <port> [--baud=<n>] [--timeout=<seconds>]
+    ...     my_program (-h | --help | --version)
+    ...
+    ... Options:
+    ...     -h, --help  Show this screen and exit.
+    ...     --baud=<n>  Baudrate [default: 9600]
+    ... '''
+    >>> argv = ['tcp', '127.0.0.1', '80', '--timeout', '30']
+    >>> docopt(doc, argv)
+    {'--baud': '9600',
+     '--help': False,
+     '--timeout': '30',
+     '--version': False,
+     '<host>': '127.0.0.1',
+     '<port>': '80',
+     'serial': False,
+     'tcp': True}
+
+    See also
+    --------
+    * For video introduction see http://docopt.org
+    * Full documentation is available in README.rst as well as online
+      at https://github.com/docopt/docopt#readme
+
+    """
+    argv = sys.argv[1:] if argv is None else argv
+
+    usage_sections = parse_section('usage:', doc)
+    if len(usage_sections) == 0:
+        raise DocoptLanguageError('"usage:" (case-insensitive) not found.')
+    if len(usage_sections) > 1:
+        raise DocoptLanguageError('More than one "usage:" (case-insensitive).')
+    DocoptExit.usage = usage_sections[0]
+
+    options = parse_defaults(doc)
+    pattern = parse_pattern(formal_usage(DocoptExit.usage), options)
+    # [default] syntax for argument is disabled
+    #for a in pattern.flat(Argument):
+    #    same_name = [d for d in arguments if d.name == a.name]
+    #    if same_name:
+    #        a.value = same_name[0].value
+    argv = parse_argv(Tokens(argv), list(options), options_first)
+    pattern_options = set(pattern.flat(Option))
+    for options_shortcut in pattern.flat(OptionsShortcut):
+        doc_options = parse_defaults(doc)
+        options_shortcut.children = list(set(doc_options) - pattern_options)
+        #if any_options:
+        #    options_shortcut.children += [Option(o.short, o.long, o.argcount)
+        #                    for o in argv if type(o) is Option]
+    extras(help, version, argv, doc)
+    matched, left, collected = pattern.fix().match(argv)
+    if matched and left == []:  # better error message if left?
+        return Dict((a.name, a.value) for a in (pattern.flat() + collected))
+    raise DocoptExit()
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/manage.py b/external/fmt/support/manage.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f27066
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/manage.py
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+
+"""Manage site and releases.
+
+Usage:
+  manage.py release [<branch>]
+  manage.py site
+
+For the release command $FMT_TOKEN should contain a GitHub personal access token
+obtained from https://github.com/settings/tokens.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import print_function
+import datetime, docopt, errno, fileinput, json, os
+import re, requests, shutil, sys, tempfile
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from distutils.version import LooseVersion
+from subprocess import check_call
+
+
+class Git:
+    def __init__(self, dir):
+        self.dir = dir
+
+    def call(self, method, args, **kwargs):
+        return check_call(['git', method] + list(args), **kwargs)
+
+    def add(self, *args):
+        return self.call('add', args, cwd=self.dir)
+
+    def checkout(self, *args):
+        return self.call('checkout', args, cwd=self.dir)
+
+    def clean(self, *args):
+        return self.call('clean', args, cwd=self.dir)
+
+    def clone(self, *args):
+        return self.call('clone', list(args) + [self.dir])
+
+    def commit(self, *args):
+        return self.call('commit', args, cwd=self.dir)
+
+    def pull(self, *args):
+        return self.call('pull', args, cwd=self.dir)
+
+    def push(self, *args):
+        return self.call('push', args, cwd=self.dir)
+
+    def reset(self, *args):
+        return self.call('reset', args, cwd=self.dir)
+
+    def update(self, *args):
+        clone = not os.path.exists(self.dir)
+        if clone:
+            self.clone(*args)
+        return clone
+
+
+def clean_checkout(repo, branch):
+    repo.clean('-f', '-d')
+    repo.reset('--hard')
+    repo.checkout(branch)
+
+
+class Runner:
+    def __init__(self, cwd):
+        self.cwd = cwd
+
+    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        kwargs['cwd'] = kwargs.get('cwd', self.cwd)
+        check_call(args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def create_build_env():
+    """Create a build environment."""
+    class Env:
+        pass
+    env = Env()
+
+    # Import the documentation build module.
+    env.fmt_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
+    sys.path.insert(0, os.path.join(env.fmt_dir, 'doc'))
+    import build
+
+    env.build_dir = 'build'
+    env.versions = build.versions
+
+    # Virtualenv and repos are cached to speed up builds.
+    build.create_build_env(os.path.join(env.build_dir, 'virtualenv'))
+
+    env.fmt_repo = Git(os.path.join(env.build_dir, 'fmt'))
+    return env
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def rewrite(filename):
+    class Buffer:
+        pass
+    buffer = Buffer()
+    if not os.path.exists(filename):
+        buffer.data = ''
+        yield buffer
+        return
+    with open(filename) as f:
+        buffer.data = f.read()
+    yield buffer
+    with open(filename, 'w') as f:
+        f.write(buffer.data)
+
+
+fmt_repo_url = 'git@github.com:fmtlib/fmt'
+
+
+def update_site(env):
+    env.fmt_repo.update(fmt_repo_url)
+
+    doc_repo = Git(os.path.join(env.build_dir, 'fmtlib.github.io'))
+    doc_repo.update('git@github.com:fmtlib/fmtlib.github.io')
+
+    for version in env.versions:
+        clean_checkout(env.fmt_repo, version)
+        target_doc_dir = os.path.join(env.fmt_repo.dir, 'doc')
+        # Remove the old theme.
+        for entry in os.listdir(target_doc_dir):
+            path = os.path.join(target_doc_dir, entry)
+            if os.path.isdir(path):
+                shutil.rmtree(path)
+        # Copy the new theme.
+        for entry in ['_static', '_templates', 'basic-bootstrap', 'bootstrap',
+                      'conf.py', 'fmt.less']:
+            src = os.path.join(env.fmt_dir, 'doc', entry)
+            dst = os.path.join(target_doc_dir, entry)
+            copy = shutil.copytree if os.path.isdir(src) else shutil.copyfile
+            copy(src, dst)
+        # Rename index to contents.
+        contents = os.path.join(target_doc_dir, 'contents.rst')
+        if not os.path.exists(contents):
+            os.rename(os.path.join(target_doc_dir, 'index.rst'), contents)
+        # Fix issues in reference.rst/api.rst.
+        for filename in ['reference.rst', 'api.rst', 'index.rst']:
+            pattern = re.compile('doxygenfunction.. (bin|oct|hexu|hex)$', re.M)
+            with rewrite(os.path.join(target_doc_dir, filename)) as b:
+                b.data = b.data.replace('std::ostream &', 'std::ostream&')
+                b.data = re.sub(pattern, r'doxygenfunction:: \1(int)', b.data)
+                b.data = b.data.replace('std::FILE*', 'std::FILE *')
+                b.data = b.data.replace('unsigned int', 'unsigned')
+                #b.data = b.data.replace('operator""_', 'operator"" _')
+                b.data = b.data.replace(
+                    'format_to_n(OutputIt, size_t, string_view, Args&&',
+                    'format_to_n(OutputIt, size_t, const S&, const Args&')
+                b.data = b.data.replace(
+                    'format_to_n(OutputIt, std::size_t, string_view, Args&&',
+                    'format_to_n(OutputIt, std::size_t, const S&, const Args&')
+                if version == ('3.0.2'):
+                    b.data = b.data.replace(
+                        'fprintf(std::ostream&', 'fprintf(std::ostream &')
+                if version == ('5.3.0'):
+                    b.data = b.data.replace(
+                        'format_to(OutputIt, const S&, const Args&...)',
+                        'format_to(OutputIt, const S &, const Args &...)')
+                if version.startswith('5.') or version.startswith('6.'):
+                    b.data = b.data.replace(', size_t', ', std::size_t')
+                if version.startswith('7.'):
+                    b.data = b.data.replace(', std::size_t', ', size_t')
+                    b.data = b.data.replace('join(It, It', 'join(It, Sentinel')
+                b.data = b.data.replace('aa long', 'a long')
+                b.data = b.data.replace('serveral', 'several')
+                if version.startswith('6.2.'):
+                    b.data = b.data.replace(
+                        'vformat(const S&, basic_format_args<' +
+                        'buffer_context<Char>>)',
+                        'vformat(const S&, basic_format_args<' +
+                        'buffer_context<type_identity_t<Char>>>)')
+        # Fix a broken link in index.rst.
+        index = os.path.join(target_doc_dir, 'index.rst')
+        with rewrite(index) as b:
+            b.data = b.data.replace(
+                'doc/latest/index.html#format-string-syntax', 'syntax.html')
+        # Build the docs.
+        html_dir = os.path.join(env.build_dir, 'html')
+        if os.path.exists(html_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(html_dir)
+        include_dir = env.fmt_repo.dir
+        if LooseVersion(version) >= LooseVersion('5.0.0'):
+            include_dir = os.path.join(include_dir, 'include', 'fmt')
+        elif LooseVersion(version) >= LooseVersion('3.0.0'):
+            include_dir = os.path.join(include_dir, 'fmt')
+        import build
+        build.build_docs(version, doc_dir=target_doc_dir,
+                         include_dir=include_dir, work_dir=env.build_dir)
+        shutil.rmtree(os.path.join(html_dir, '.doctrees'))
+        # Create symlinks for older versions.
+        for link, target in {'index': 'contents', 'api': 'reference'}.items():
+            link = os.path.join(html_dir, link) + '.html'
+            target += '.html'
+            if os.path.exists(os.path.join(html_dir, target)) and \
+               not os.path.exists(link):
+                os.symlink(target, link)
+        # Copy docs to the website.
+        version_doc_dir = os.path.join(doc_repo.dir, version)
+        try:
+            shutil.rmtree(version_doc_dir)
+        except OSError as e:
+            if e.errno != errno.ENOENT:
+                raise
+        shutil.move(html_dir, version_doc_dir)
+
+
+def release(args):
+    env = create_build_env()
+    fmt_repo = env.fmt_repo
+
+    branch = args.get('<branch>')
+    if branch is None:
+        branch = 'master'
+    if not fmt_repo.update('-b', branch, fmt_repo_url):
+        clean_checkout(fmt_repo, branch)
+
+    # Convert changelog from RST to GitHub-flavored Markdown and get the
+    # version.
+    changelog = 'ChangeLog.rst'
+    changelog_path = os.path.join(fmt_repo.dir, changelog)
+    import rst2md
+    changes, version = rst2md.convert(changelog_path)
+    cmakelists = 'CMakeLists.txt'
+    for line in fileinput.input(os.path.join(fmt_repo.dir, cmakelists),
+                                inplace=True):
+        prefix = 'set(FMT_VERSION '
+        if line.startswith(prefix):
+            line = prefix + version + ')\n'
+        sys.stdout.write(line)
+
+    # Update the version in the changelog.
+    title_len = 0
+    for line in fileinput.input(changelog_path, inplace=True):
+        if line.decode('utf-8').startswith(version + ' - TBD'):
+            line = version + ' - ' + datetime.date.today().isoformat()
+            title_len = len(line)
+            line += '\n'
+        elif title_len:
+            line = '-' * title_len + '\n'
+            title_len = 0
+        sys.stdout.write(line)
+
+    # Add the version to the build script.
+    script = os.path.join('doc', 'build.py')
+    script_path = os.path.join(fmt_repo.dir, script)
+    for line in fileinput.input(script_path, inplace=True):
+      m = re.match(r'( *versions = )\[(.+)\]', line)
+      if m:
+        line = '{}[{}, \'{}\']\n'.format(m.group(1), m.group(2), version)
+      sys.stdout.write(line)
+
+    fmt_repo.checkout('-B', 'release')
+    fmt_repo.add(changelog, cmakelists, script)
+    fmt_repo.commit('-m', 'Update version')
+
+    # Build the docs and package.
+    run = Runner(fmt_repo.dir)
+    run('cmake', '.')
+    run('make', 'doc', 'package_source')
+    update_site(env)
+
+    # Create a release on GitHub.
+    fmt_repo.push('origin', 'release')
+    params = {'access_token': os.getenv('FMT_TOKEN')}
+    r = requests.post('https://api.github.com/repos/fmtlib/fmt/releases',
+                      params=params,
+                      data=json.dumps({'tag_name': version,
+                                       'target_commitish': 'release',
+                                       'body': changes, 'draft': True}))
+    if r.status_code != 201:
+        raise Exception('Failed to create a release ' + str(r))
+    id = r.json()['id']
+    uploads_url = 'https://uploads.github.com/repos/fmtlib/fmt/releases'
+    package = 'fmt-{}.zip'.format(version)
+    r = requests.post(
+        '{}/{}/assets?name={}'.format(uploads_url, id, package),
+        headers={'Content-Type': 'application/zip'},
+        params=params, data=open('build/fmt/' + package, 'rb'))
+    if r.status_code != 201:
+        raise Exception('Failed to upload an asset ' + str(r))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    args = docopt.docopt(__doc__)
+    if args.get('release'):
+        release(args)
+    elif args.get('site'):
+        update_site(create_build_env())
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/rst2md.py b/external/fmt/support/rst2md.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf170fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/rst2md.py
@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python
+# reStructuredText (RST) to GitHub-flavored Markdown converter
+
+import re, sys
+from docutils import core, nodes, writers
+
+
+def is_github_ref(node):
+    return re.match('https://github.com/.*/(issues|pull)/.*', node['refuri'])
+
+
+class Translator(nodes.NodeVisitor):
+    def __init__(self, document):
+        nodes.NodeVisitor.__init__(self, document)
+        self.output = ''
+        self.indent = 0
+        self.preserve_newlines = False
+
+    def write(self, text):
+        self.output += text.replace('\n', '\n' + ' ' * self.indent)
+
+    def visit_document(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_document(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def visit_section(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_section(self, node):
+        # Skip all sections except the first one.
+        raise nodes.StopTraversal
+
+    def visit_title(self, node):
+        self.version = re.match(r'(\d+\.\d+\.\d+).*', node.children[0]).group(1)
+        raise nodes.SkipChildren
+
+    def visit_title_reference(self, node):
+        raise Exception(node)
+
+    def depart_title(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def visit_Text(self, node):
+        if not self.preserve_newlines:
+            node = node.replace('\n', ' ')
+        self.write(node)
+
+    def depart_Text(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def visit_bullet_list(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_bullet_list(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def visit_list_item(self, node):
+        self.write('* ')
+        self.indent += 2
+
+    def depart_list_item(self, node):
+        self.indent -= 2
+        self.write('\n\n')
+
+    def visit_paragraph(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_paragraph(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def visit_reference(self, node):
+        if not is_github_ref(node):
+            self.write('[')
+
+    def depart_reference(self, node):
+        if not is_github_ref(node):
+            self.write('](' + node['refuri'] + ')')
+
+    def visit_target(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_target(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def visit_literal(self, node):
+        self.write('`')
+
+    def depart_literal(self, node):
+        self.write('`')
+
+    def visit_literal_block(self, node):
+        self.write('\n\n```')
+        if 'c++' in node['classes']:
+            self.write('c++')
+        self.write('\n')
+        self.preserve_newlines = True
+
+    def depart_literal_block(self, node):
+        self.write('\n```\n')
+        self.preserve_newlines = False
+
+    def visit_inline(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def depart_inline(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def visit_image(self, node):
+        self.write('![](' + node['uri'] + ')')
+
+    def depart_image(self, node):
+        pass
+
+    def write_row(self, row, widths):
+        for i, entry in enumerate(row):
+            text = entry[0][0] if len(entry) > 0 else ''
+            if i != 0:
+                self.write('|')
+            self.write('{:{}}'.format(text, widths[i]))
+        self.write('\n')
+
+    def visit_table(self, node):
+        table = node.children[0]
+        colspecs = table[:-2]
+        thead = table[-2]
+        tbody = table[-1]
+        widths = [int(cs['colwidth']) for cs in colspecs]
+        sep = '|'.join(['-' * w for w in widths]) + '\n'
+        self.write('\n\n')
+        self.write_row(thead[0], widths)
+        self.write(sep)
+        for row in tbody:
+            self.write_row(row, widths)
+        raise nodes.SkipChildren
+
+    def depart_table(self, node):
+        pass
+
+class MDWriter(writers.Writer):
+    """GitHub-flavored markdown writer"""
+
+    supported = ('md',)
+    """Formats this writer supports."""
+
+    def translate(self):
+        translator = Translator(self.document)
+        self.document.walkabout(translator)
+        self.output = (translator.output, translator.version)
+
+
+def convert(rst_path):
+    """Converts RST file to Markdown."""
+    return core.publish_file(source_path=rst_path, writer=MDWriter())
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    convert(sys.argv[1])
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/rtd/conf.py b/external/fmt/support/rtd/conf.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..124fb9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/rtd/conf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Sphinx configuration for readthedocs.
+
+import os, sys
+
+master_doc = 'index'
+html_theme = 'theme'
+html_theme_path = ["."]
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/rtd/index.rst b/external/fmt/support/rtd/index.rst
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c88322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/rtd/index.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+If you are not redirected automatically, follow the
+`link to the fmt documentation <https://fmt.dev/latest/>`_.
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/rtd/theme/layout.html b/external/fmt/support/rtd/theme/layout.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29ebc55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/rtd/theme/layout.html
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{% extends "basic/layout.html" %}
+
+{% block extrahead %}
+<meta charset="UTF-8">
+<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="1;url=https://fmt.dev/latest/">
+<script type="text/javascript">
+    window.location.href = "https://fmt.dev/latest/"
+</script>
+<title>Page Redirection</title>
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block document %}
+If you are not redirected automatically, follow the <a href='https://fmt.dev/latest/'>link to the fmt documentation</a>.
+{% endblock %}
+
+{% block footer %}
+{% endblock %}
diff --git a/external/fmt/support/rtd/theme/theme.conf b/external/fmt/support/rtd/theme/theme.conf
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89e03bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/fmt/support/rtd/theme/theme.conf
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[theme]
+inherit = basic
diff --git a/external/hash-library/CMakeLists.txt b/external/hash-library/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e010de7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
+project(imgui CXX)
+
+set(HASH_LIBRARY_HEADERS
+        crc32.h
+        hash.h
+        hmac.h
+        keccak.h
+        md5.h
+        sha1.h
+        sha3.h
+        sha256.h
+)
+set(HASH_LIBRARY_SOURCES
+        crc32.cpp
+        digest.cpp
+        keccak.cpp
+        md5.cpp
+        sha1.cpp
+        sha3.cpp
+        sha256.cpp
+)
+
+add_library(hash-library STATIC ${HASH_LIBRARY_HEADERS} ${HASH_LIBRARY_SOURCES})
+target_include_directories(hash-library PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
diff --git a/external/hash-library/LICENSE b/external/hash-library/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e540da6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+zlib License
+
+Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software.
+   If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
diff --git a/external/hash-library/crc32.cpp b/external/hash-library/crc32.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae846c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/crc32.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,431 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// crc32.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#include "crc32.h"
+
+// big endian architectures need #define __BYTE_ORDER __BIG_ENDIAN
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+//#include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// same as reset()
+CRC32::CRC32()
+{
+  reset();
+}
+
+
+/// restart
+void CRC32::reset()
+{
+  m_hash = 0;
+}
+
+
+namespace
+{
+  /// look-up table
+  static const uint32_t crc32Lookup[8][256] =
+  {
+    // generated by:
+    //for (uint32_t i = 0; i <= 0xFF; i++)
+    //{
+    //  uint32_t crc = i;
+    //  for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 8; j++)
+    //    crc = (crc >> 1) ^ ((crc & 1) * Polynomial);
+    //  crc32Lookup[0][i] = crc;
+    //}
+    // slicing-by-8 algorithm (from Intel):
+    // http://www.intel.com/technology/comms/perfnet/download/CRC_generators.pdf
+    // http://sourceforge.net/projects/slicing-by-8/
+    //for (unsigned int i = 0; i <= 0xFF; i++)
+    //{
+    //  crc32Lookup[1][i] = (crc32Lookup[0][i] >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][crc32Lookup[0][i] & 0xFF];
+    //  crc32Lookup[2][i] = (crc32Lookup[1][i] >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][crc32Lookup[1][i] & 0xFF];
+    //  crc32Lookup[3][i] = (crc32Lookup[2][i] >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][crc32Lookup[2][i] & 0xFF];
+
+    //  crc32Lookup[4][i] = (crc32Lookup[3][i] >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][crc32Lookup[3][i] & 0xFF];
+    //  crc32Lookup[5][i] = (crc32Lookup[4][i] >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][crc32Lookup[4][i] & 0xFF];
+    //  crc32Lookup[6][i] = (crc32Lookup[5][i] >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][crc32Lookup[5][i] & 0xFF];
+    //  crc32Lookup[7][i] = (crc32Lookup[6][i] >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][crc32Lookup[6][i] & 0xFF];
+    //}
+    { 0x00000000,0x77073096,0xEE0E612C,0x990951BA,0x076DC419,0x706AF48F,0xE963A535,0x9E6495A3,
+      0x0EDB8832,0x79DCB8A4,0xE0D5E91E,0x97D2D988,0x09B64C2B,0x7EB17CBD,0xE7B82D07,0x90BF1D91,
+      0x1DB71064,0x6AB020F2,0xF3B97148,0x84BE41DE,0x1ADAD47D,0x6DDDE4EB,0xF4D4B551,0x83D385C7,
+      0x136C9856,0x646BA8C0,0xFD62F97A,0x8A65C9EC,0x14015C4F,0x63066CD9,0xFA0F3D63,0x8D080DF5,
+      0x3B6E20C8,0x4C69105E,0xD56041E4,0xA2677172,0x3C03E4D1,0x4B04D447,0xD20D85FD,0xA50AB56B,
+      0x35B5A8FA,0x42B2986C,0xDBBBC9D6,0xACBCF940,0x32D86CE3,0x45DF5C75,0xDCD60DCF,0xABD13D59,
+      0x26D930AC,0x51DE003A,0xC8D75180,0xBFD06116,0x21B4F4B5,0x56B3C423,0xCFBA9599,0xB8BDA50F,
+      0x2802B89E,0x5F058808,0xC60CD9B2,0xB10BE924,0x2F6F7C87,0x58684C11,0xC1611DAB,0xB6662D3D,
+      0x76DC4190,0x01DB7106,0x98D220BC,0xEFD5102A,0x71B18589,0x06B6B51F,0x9FBFE4A5,0xE8B8D433,
+      0x7807C9A2,0x0F00F934,0x9609A88E,0xE10E9818,0x7F6A0DBB,0x086D3D2D,0x91646C97,0xE6635C01,
+      0x6B6B51F4,0x1C6C6162,0x856530D8,0xF262004E,0x6C0695ED,0x1B01A57B,0x8208F4C1,0xF50FC457,
+      0x65B0D9C6,0x12B7E950,0x8BBEB8EA,0xFCB9887C,0x62DD1DDF,0x15DA2D49,0x8CD37CF3,0xFBD44C65,
+      0x4DB26158,0x3AB551CE,0xA3BC0074,0xD4BB30E2,0x4ADFA541,0x3DD895D7,0xA4D1C46D,0xD3D6F4FB,
+      0x4369E96A,0x346ED9FC,0xAD678846,0xDA60B8D0,0x44042D73,0x33031DE5,0xAA0A4C5F,0xDD0D7CC9,
+      0x5005713C,0x270241AA,0xBE0B1010,0xC90C2086,0x5768B525,0x206F85B3,0xB966D409,0xCE61E49F,
+      0x5EDEF90E,0x29D9C998,0xB0D09822,0xC7D7A8B4,0x59B33D17,0x2EB40D81,0xB7BD5C3B,0xC0BA6CAD,
+      0xEDB88320,0x9ABFB3B6,0x03B6E20C,0x74B1D29A,0xEAD54739,0x9DD277AF,0x04DB2615,0x73DC1683,
+      0xE3630B12,0x94643B84,0x0D6D6A3E,0x7A6A5AA8,0xE40ECF0B,0x9309FF9D,0x0A00AE27,0x7D079EB1,
+      0xF00F9344,0x8708A3D2,0x1E01F268,0x6906C2FE,0xF762575D,0x806567CB,0x196C3671,0x6E6B06E7,
+      0xFED41B76,0x89D32BE0,0x10DA7A5A,0x67DD4ACC,0xF9B9DF6F,0x8EBEEFF9,0x17B7BE43,0x60B08ED5,
+      0xD6D6A3E8,0xA1D1937E,0x38D8C2C4,0x4FDFF252,0xD1BB67F1,0xA6BC5767,0x3FB506DD,0x48B2364B,
+      0xD80D2BDA,0xAF0A1B4C,0x36034AF6,0x41047A60,0xDF60EFC3,0xA867DF55,0x316E8EEF,0x4669BE79,
+      0xCB61B38C,0xBC66831A,0x256FD2A0,0x5268E236,0xCC0C7795,0xBB0B4703,0x220216B9,0x5505262F,
+      0xC5BA3BBE,0xB2BD0B28,0x2BB45A92,0x5CB36A04,0xC2D7FFA7,0xB5D0CF31,0x2CD99E8B,0x5BDEAE1D,
+      0x9B64C2B0,0xEC63F226,0x756AA39C,0x026D930A,0x9C0906A9,0xEB0E363F,0x72076785,0x05005713,
+      0x95BF4A82,0xE2B87A14,0x7BB12BAE,0x0CB61B38,0x92D28E9B,0xE5D5BE0D,0x7CDCEFB7,0x0BDBDF21,
+      0x86D3D2D4,0xF1D4E242,0x68DDB3F8,0x1FDA836E,0x81BE16CD,0xF6B9265B,0x6FB077E1,0x18B74777,
+      0x88085AE6,0xFF0F6A70,0x66063BCA,0x11010B5C,0x8F659EFF,0xF862AE69,0x616BFFD3,0x166CCF45,
+      0xA00AE278,0xD70DD2EE,0x4E048354,0x3903B3C2,0xA7672661,0xD06016F7,0x4969474D,0x3E6E77DB,
+      0xAED16A4A,0xD9D65ADC,0x40DF0B66,0x37D83BF0,0xA9BCAE53,0xDEBB9EC5,0x47B2CF7F,0x30B5FFE9,
+      0xBDBDF21C,0xCABAC28A,0x53B39330,0x24B4A3A6,0xBAD03605,0xCDD70693,0x54DE5729,0x23D967BF,
+      0xB3667A2E,0xC4614AB8,0x5D681B02,0x2A6F2B94,0xB40BBE37,0xC30C8EA1,0x5A05DF1B,0x2D02EF8D },
+
+    { 0x00000000,0x191B3141,0x32366282,0x2B2D53C3,0x646CC504,0x7D77F445,0x565AA786,0x4F4196C7,
+      0xC8D98A08,0xD1C2BB49,0xFAEFE88A,0xE3F4D9CB,0xACB54F0C,0xB5AE7E4D,0x9E832D8E,0x87981CCF,
+      0x4AC21251,0x53D92310,0x78F470D3,0x61EF4192,0x2EAED755,0x37B5E614,0x1C98B5D7,0x05838496,
+      0x821B9859,0x9B00A918,0xB02DFADB,0xA936CB9A,0xE6775D5D,0xFF6C6C1C,0xD4413FDF,0xCD5A0E9E,
+      0x958424A2,0x8C9F15E3,0xA7B24620,0xBEA97761,0xF1E8E1A6,0xE8F3D0E7,0xC3DE8324,0xDAC5B265,
+      0x5D5DAEAA,0x44469FEB,0x6F6BCC28,0x7670FD69,0x39316BAE,0x202A5AEF,0x0B07092C,0x121C386D,
+      0xDF4636F3,0xC65D07B2,0xED705471,0xF46B6530,0xBB2AF3F7,0xA231C2B6,0x891C9175,0x9007A034,
+      0x179FBCFB,0x0E848DBA,0x25A9DE79,0x3CB2EF38,0x73F379FF,0x6AE848BE,0x41C51B7D,0x58DE2A3C,
+      0xF0794F05,0xE9627E44,0xC24F2D87,0xDB541CC6,0x94158A01,0x8D0EBB40,0xA623E883,0xBF38D9C2,
+      0x38A0C50D,0x21BBF44C,0x0A96A78F,0x138D96CE,0x5CCC0009,0x45D73148,0x6EFA628B,0x77E153CA,
+      0xBABB5D54,0xA3A06C15,0x888D3FD6,0x91960E97,0xDED79850,0xC7CCA911,0xECE1FAD2,0xF5FACB93,
+      0x7262D75C,0x6B79E61D,0x4054B5DE,0x594F849F,0x160E1258,0x0F152319,0x243870DA,0x3D23419B,
+      0x65FD6BA7,0x7CE65AE6,0x57CB0925,0x4ED03864,0x0191AEA3,0x188A9FE2,0x33A7CC21,0x2ABCFD60,
+      0xAD24E1AF,0xB43FD0EE,0x9F12832D,0x8609B26C,0xC94824AB,0xD05315EA,0xFB7E4629,0xE2657768,
+      0x2F3F79F6,0x362448B7,0x1D091B74,0x04122A35,0x4B53BCF2,0x52488DB3,0x7965DE70,0x607EEF31,
+      0xE7E6F3FE,0xFEFDC2BF,0xD5D0917C,0xCCCBA03D,0x838A36FA,0x9A9107BB,0xB1BC5478,0xA8A76539,
+      0x3B83984B,0x2298A90A,0x09B5FAC9,0x10AECB88,0x5FEF5D4F,0x46F46C0E,0x6DD93FCD,0x74C20E8C,
+      0xF35A1243,0xEA412302,0xC16C70C1,0xD8774180,0x9736D747,0x8E2DE606,0xA500B5C5,0xBC1B8484,
+      0x71418A1A,0x685ABB5B,0x4377E898,0x5A6CD9D9,0x152D4F1E,0x0C367E5F,0x271B2D9C,0x3E001CDD,
+      0xB9980012,0xA0833153,0x8BAE6290,0x92B553D1,0xDDF4C516,0xC4EFF457,0xEFC2A794,0xF6D996D5,
+      0xAE07BCE9,0xB71C8DA8,0x9C31DE6B,0x852AEF2A,0xCA6B79ED,0xD37048AC,0xF85D1B6F,0xE1462A2E,
+      0x66DE36E1,0x7FC507A0,0x54E85463,0x4DF36522,0x02B2F3E5,0x1BA9C2A4,0x30849167,0x299FA026,
+      0xE4C5AEB8,0xFDDE9FF9,0xD6F3CC3A,0xCFE8FD7B,0x80A96BBC,0x99B25AFD,0xB29F093E,0xAB84387F,
+      0x2C1C24B0,0x350715F1,0x1E2A4632,0x07317773,0x4870E1B4,0x516BD0F5,0x7A468336,0x635DB277,
+      0xCBFAD74E,0xD2E1E60F,0xF9CCB5CC,0xE0D7848D,0xAF96124A,0xB68D230B,0x9DA070C8,0x84BB4189,
+      0x03235D46,0x1A386C07,0x31153FC4,0x280E0E85,0x674F9842,0x7E54A903,0x5579FAC0,0x4C62CB81,
+      0x8138C51F,0x9823F45E,0xB30EA79D,0xAA1596DC,0xE554001B,0xFC4F315A,0xD7626299,0xCE7953D8,
+      0x49E14F17,0x50FA7E56,0x7BD72D95,0x62CC1CD4,0x2D8D8A13,0x3496BB52,0x1FBBE891,0x06A0D9D0,
+      0x5E7EF3EC,0x4765C2AD,0x6C48916E,0x7553A02F,0x3A1236E8,0x230907A9,0x0824546A,0x113F652B,
+      0x96A779E4,0x8FBC48A5,0xA4911B66,0xBD8A2A27,0xF2CBBCE0,0xEBD08DA1,0xC0FDDE62,0xD9E6EF23,
+      0x14BCE1BD,0x0DA7D0FC,0x268A833F,0x3F91B27E,0x70D024B9,0x69CB15F8,0x42E6463B,0x5BFD777A,
+      0xDC656BB5,0xC57E5AF4,0xEE530937,0xF7483876,0xB809AEB1,0xA1129FF0,0x8A3FCC33,0x9324FD72 },
+
+    { 0x00000000,0x01C26A37,0x0384D46E,0x0246BE59,0x0709A8DC,0x06CBC2EB,0x048D7CB2,0x054F1685,
+      0x0E1351B8,0x0FD13B8F,0x0D9785D6,0x0C55EFE1,0x091AF964,0x08D89353,0x0A9E2D0A,0x0B5C473D,
+      0x1C26A370,0x1DE4C947,0x1FA2771E,0x1E601D29,0x1B2F0BAC,0x1AED619B,0x18ABDFC2,0x1969B5F5,
+      0x1235F2C8,0x13F798FF,0x11B126A6,0x10734C91,0x153C5A14,0x14FE3023,0x16B88E7A,0x177AE44D,
+      0x384D46E0,0x398F2CD7,0x3BC9928E,0x3A0BF8B9,0x3F44EE3C,0x3E86840B,0x3CC03A52,0x3D025065,
+      0x365E1758,0x379C7D6F,0x35DAC336,0x3418A901,0x3157BF84,0x3095D5B3,0x32D36BEA,0x331101DD,
+      0x246BE590,0x25A98FA7,0x27EF31FE,0x262D5BC9,0x23624D4C,0x22A0277B,0x20E69922,0x2124F315,
+      0x2A78B428,0x2BBADE1F,0x29FC6046,0x283E0A71,0x2D711CF4,0x2CB376C3,0x2EF5C89A,0x2F37A2AD,
+      0x709A8DC0,0x7158E7F7,0x731E59AE,0x72DC3399,0x7793251C,0x76514F2B,0x7417F172,0x75D59B45,
+      0x7E89DC78,0x7F4BB64F,0x7D0D0816,0x7CCF6221,0x798074A4,0x78421E93,0x7A04A0CA,0x7BC6CAFD,
+      0x6CBC2EB0,0x6D7E4487,0x6F38FADE,0x6EFA90E9,0x6BB5866C,0x6A77EC5B,0x68315202,0x69F33835,
+      0x62AF7F08,0x636D153F,0x612BAB66,0x60E9C151,0x65A6D7D4,0x6464BDE3,0x662203BA,0x67E0698D,
+      0x48D7CB20,0x4915A117,0x4B531F4E,0x4A917579,0x4FDE63FC,0x4E1C09CB,0x4C5AB792,0x4D98DDA5,
+      0x46C49A98,0x4706F0AF,0x45404EF6,0x448224C1,0x41CD3244,0x400F5873,0x4249E62A,0x438B8C1D,
+      0x54F16850,0x55330267,0x5775BC3E,0x56B7D609,0x53F8C08C,0x523AAABB,0x507C14E2,0x51BE7ED5,
+      0x5AE239E8,0x5B2053DF,0x5966ED86,0x58A487B1,0x5DEB9134,0x5C29FB03,0x5E6F455A,0x5FAD2F6D,
+      0xE1351B80,0xE0F771B7,0xE2B1CFEE,0xE373A5D9,0xE63CB35C,0xE7FED96B,0xE5B86732,0xE47A0D05,
+      0xEF264A38,0xEEE4200F,0xECA29E56,0xED60F461,0xE82FE2E4,0xE9ED88D3,0xEBAB368A,0xEA695CBD,
+      0xFD13B8F0,0xFCD1D2C7,0xFE976C9E,0xFF5506A9,0xFA1A102C,0xFBD87A1B,0xF99EC442,0xF85CAE75,
+      0xF300E948,0xF2C2837F,0xF0843D26,0xF1465711,0xF4094194,0xF5CB2BA3,0xF78D95FA,0xF64FFFCD,
+      0xD9785D60,0xD8BA3757,0xDAFC890E,0xDB3EE339,0xDE71F5BC,0xDFB39F8B,0xDDF521D2,0xDC374BE5,
+      0xD76B0CD8,0xD6A966EF,0xD4EFD8B6,0xD52DB281,0xD062A404,0xD1A0CE33,0xD3E6706A,0xD2241A5D,
+      0xC55EFE10,0xC49C9427,0xC6DA2A7E,0xC7184049,0xC25756CC,0xC3953CFB,0xC1D382A2,0xC011E895,
+      0xCB4DAFA8,0xCA8FC59F,0xC8C97BC6,0xC90B11F1,0xCC440774,0xCD866D43,0xCFC0D31A,0xCE02B92D,
+      0x91AF9640,0x906DFC77,0x922B422E,0x93E92819,0x96A63E9C,0x976454AB,0x9522EAF2,0x94E080C5,
+      0x9FBCC7F8,0x9E7EADCF,0x9C381396,0x9DFA79A1,0x98B56F24,0x99770513,0x9B31BB4A,0x9AF3D17D,
+      0x8D893530,0x8C4B5F07,0x8E0DE15E,0x8FCF8B69,0x8A809DEC,0x8B42F7DB,0x89044982,0x88C623B5,
+      0x839A6488,0x82580EBF,0x801EB0E6,0x81DCDAD1,0x8493CC54,0x8551A663,0x8717183A,0x86D5720D,
+      0xA9E2D0A0,0xA820BA97,0xAA6604CE,0xABA46EF9,0xAEEB787C,0xAF29124B,0xAD6FAC12,0xACADC625,
+      0xA7F18118,0xA633EB2F,0xA4755576,0xA5B73F41,0xA0F829C4,0xA13A43F3,0xA37CFDAA,0xA2BE979D,
+      0xB5C473D0,0xB40619E7,0xB640A7BE,0xB782CD89,0xB2CDDB0C,0xB30FB13B,0xB1490F62,0xB08B6555,
+      0xBBD72268,0xBA15485F,0xB853F606,0xB9919C31,0xBCDE8AB4,0xBD1CE083,0xBF5A5EDA,0xBE9834ED },
+
+    { 0x00000000,0xB8BC6765,0xAA09C88B,0x12B5AFEE,0x8F629757,0x37DEF032,0x256B5FDC,0x9DD738B9,
+      0xC5B428EF,0x7D084F8A,0x6FBDE064,0xD7018701,0x4AD6BFB8,0xF26AD8DD,0xE0DF7733,0x58631056,
+      0x5019579F,0xE8A530FA,0xFA109F14,0x42ACF871,0xDF7BC0C8,0x67C7A7AD,0x75720843,0xCDCE6F26,
+      0x95AD7F70,0x2D111815,0x3FA4B7FB,0x8718D09E,0x1ACFE827,0xA2738F42,0xB0C620AC,0x087A47C9,
+      0xA032AF3E,0x188EC85B,0x0A3B67B5,0xB28700D0,0x2F503869,0x97EC5F0C,0x8559F0E2,0x3DE59787,
+      0x658687D1,0xDD3AE0B4,0xCF8F4F5A,0x7733283F,0xEAE41086,0x525877E3,0x40EDD80D,0xF851BF68,
+      0xF02BF8A1,0x48979FC4,0x5A22302A,0xE29E574F,0x7F496FF6,0xC7F50893,0xD540A77D,0x6DFCC018,
+      0x359FD04E,0x8D23B72B,0x9F9618C5,0x272A7FA0,0xBAFD4719,0x0241207C,0x10F48F92,0xA848E8F7,
+      0x9B14583D,0x23A83F58,0x311D90B6,0x89A1F7D3,0x1476CF6A,0xACCAA80F,0xBE7F07E1,0x06C36084,
+      0x5EA070D2,0xE61C17B7,0xF4A9B859,0x4C15DF3C,0xD1C2E785,0x697E80E0,0x7BCB2F0E,0xC377486B,
+      0xCB0D0FA2,0x73B168C7,0x6104C729,0xD9B8A04C,0x446F98F5,0xFCD3FF90,0xEE66507E,0x56DA371B,
+      0x0EB9274D,0xB6054028,0xA4B0EFC6,0x1C0C88A3,0x81DBB01A,0x3967D77F,0x2BD27891,0x936E1FF4,
+      0x3B26F703,0x839A9066,0x912F3F88,0x299358ED,0xB4446054,0x0CF80731,0x1E4DA8DF,0xA6F1CFBA,
+      0xFE92DFEC,0x462EB889,0x549B1767,0xEC277002,0x71F048BB,0xC94C2FDE,0xDBF98030,0x6345E755,
+      0x6B3FA09C,0xD383C7F9,0xC1366817,0x798A0F72,0xE45D37CB,0x5CE150AE,0x4E54FF40,0xF6E89825,
+      0xAE8B8873,0x1637EF16,0x048240F8,0xBC3E279D,0x21E91F24,0x99557841,0x8BE0D7AF,0x335CB0CA,
+      0xED59B63B,0x55E5D15E,0x47507EB0,0xFFEC19D5,0x623B216C,0xDA874609,0xC832E9E7,0x708E8E82,
+      0x28ED9ED4,0x9051F9B1,0x82E4565F,0x3A58313A,0xA78F0983,0x1F336EE6,0x0D86C108,0xB53AA66D,
+      0xBD40E1A4,0x05FC86C1,0x1749292F,0xAFF54E4A,0x322276F3,0x8A9E1196,0x982BBE78,0x2097D91D,
+      0x78F4C94B,0xC048AE2E,0xD2FD01C0,0x6A4166A5,0xF7965E1C,0x4F2A3979,0x5D9F9697,0xE523F1F2,
+      0x4D6B1905,0xF5D77E60,0xE762D18E,0x5FDEB6EB,0xC2098E52,0x7AB5E937,0x680046D9,0xD0BC21BC,
+      0x88DF31EA,0x3063568F,0x22D6F961,0x9A6A9E04,0x07BDA6BD,0xBF01C1D8,0xADB46E36,0x15080953,
+      0x1D724E9A,0xA5CE29FF,0xB77B8611,0x0FC7E174,0x9210D9CD,0x2AACBEA8,0x38191146,0x80A57623,
+      0xD8C66675,0x607A0110,0x72CFAEFE,0xCA73C99B,0x57A4F122,0xEF189647,0xFDAD39A9,0x45115ECC,
+      0x764DEE06,0xCEF18963,0xDC44268D,0x64F841E8,0xF92F7951,0x41931E34,0x5326B1DA,0xEB9AD6BF,
+      0xB3F9C6E9,0x0B45A18C,0x19F00E62,0xA14C6907,0x3C9B51BE,0x842736DB,0x96929935,0x2E2EFE50,
+      0x2654B999,0x9EE8DEFC,0x8C5D7112,0x34E11677,0xA9362ECE,0x118A49AB,0x033FE645,0xBB838120,
+      0xE3E09176,0x5B5CF613,0x49E959FD,0xF1553E98,0x6C820621,0xD43E6144,0xC68BCEAA,0x7E37A9CF,
+      0xD67F4138,0x6EC3265D,0x7C7689B3,0xC4CAEED6,0x591DD66F,0xE1A1B10A,0xF3141EE4,0x4BA87981,
+      0x13CB69D7,0xAB770EB2,0xB9C2A15C,0x017EC639,0x9CA9FE80,0x241599E5,0x36A0360B,0x8E1C516E,
+      0x866616A7,0x3EDA71C2,0x2C6FDE2C,0x94D3B949,0x090481F0,0xB1B8E695,0xA30D497B,0x1BB12E1E,
+      0x43D23E48,0xFB6E592D,0xE9DBF6C3,0x516791A6,0xCCB0A91F,0x740CCE7A,0x66B96194,0xDE0506F1 },
+
+    { 0x00000000,0x3D6029B0,0x7AC05360,0x47A07AD0,0xF580A6C0,0xC8E08F70,0x8F40F5A0,0xB220DC10,
+      0x30704BC1,0x0D106271,0x4AB018A1,0x77D03111,0xC5F0ED01,0xF890C4B1,0xBF30BE61,0x825097D1,
+      0x60E09782,0x5D80BE32,0x1A20C4E2,0x2740ED52,0x95603142,0xA80018F2,0xEFA06222,0xD2C04B92,
+      0x5090DC43,0x6DF0F5F3,0x2A508F23,0x1730A693,0xA5107A83,0x98705333,0xDFD029E3,0xE2B00053,
+      0xC1C12F04,0xFCA106B4,0xBB017C64,0x866155D4,0x344189C4,0x0921A074,0x4E81DAA4,0x73E1F314,
+      0xF1B164C5,0xCCD14D75,0x8B7137A5,0xB6111E15,0x0431C205,0x3951EBB5,0x7EF19165,0x4391B8D5,
+      0xA121B886,0x9C419136,0xDBE1EBE6,0xE681C256,0x54A11E46,0x69C137F6,0x2E614D26,0x13016496,
+      0x9151F347,0xAC31DAF7,0xEB91A027,0xD6F18997,0x64D15587,0x59B17C37,0x1E1106E7,0x23712F57,
+      0x58F35849,0x659371F9,0x22330B29,0x1F532299,0xAD73FE89,0x9013D739,0xD7B3ADE9,0xEAD38459,
+      0x68831388,0x55E33A38,0x124340E8,0x2F236958,0x9D03B548,0xA0639CF8,0xE7C3E628,0xDAA3CF98,
+      0x3813CFCB,0x0573E67B,0x42D39CAB,0x7FB3B51B,0xCD93690B,0xF0F340BB,0xB7533A6B,0x8A3313DB,
+      0x0863840A,0x3503ADBA,0x72A3D76A,0x4FC3FEDA,0xFDE322CA,0xC0830B7A,0x872371AA,0xBA43581A,
+      0x9932774D,0xA4525EFD,0xE3F2242D,0xDE920D9D,0x6CB2D18D,0x51D2F83D,0x167282ED,0x2B12AB5D,
+      0xA9423C8C,0x9422153C,0xD3826FEC,0xEEE2465C,0x5CC29A4C,0x61A2B3FC,0x2602C92C,0x1B62E09C,
+      0xF9D2E0CF,0xC4B2C97F,0x8312B3AF,0xBE729A1F,0x0C52460F,0x31326FBF,0x7692156F,0x4BF23CDF,
+      0xC9A2AB0E,0xF4C282BE,0xB362F86E,0x8E02D1DE,0x3C220DCE,0x0142247E,0x46E25EAE,0x7B82771E,
+      0xB1E6B092,0x8C869922,0xCB26E3F2,0xF646CA42,0x44661652,0x79063FE2,0x3EA64532,0x03C66C82,
+      0x8196FB53,0xBCF6D2E3,0xFB56A833,0xC6368183,0x74165D93,0x49767423,0x0ED60EF3,0x33B62743,
+      0xD1062710,0xEC660EA0,0xABC67470,0x96A65DC0,0x248681D0,0x19E6A860,0x5E46D2B0,0x6326FB00,
+      0xE1766CD1,0xDC164561,0x9BB63FB1,0xA6D61601,0x14F6CA11,0x2996E3A1,0x6E369971,0x5356B0C1,
+      0x70279F96,0x4D47B626,0x0AE7CCF6,0x3787E546,0x85A73956,0xB8C710E6,0xFF676A36,0xC2074386,
+      0x4057D457,0x7D37FDE7,0x3A978737,0x07F7AE87,0xB5D77297,0x88B75B27,0xCF1721F7,0xF2770847,
+      0x10C70814,0x2DA721A4,0x6A075B74,0x576772C4,0xE547AED4,0xD8278764,0x9F87FDB4,0xA2E7D404,
+      0x20B743D5,0x1DD76A65,0x5A7710B5,0x67173905,0xD537E515,0xE857CCA5,0xAFF7B675,0x92979FC5,
+      0xE915E8DB,0xD475C16B,0x93D5BBBB,0xAEB5920B,0x1C954E1B,0x21F567AB,0x66551D7B,0x5B3534CB,
+      0xD965A31A,0xE4058AAA,0xA3A5F07A,0x9EC5D9CA,0x2CE505DA,0x11852C6A,0x562556BA,0x6B457F0A,
+      0x89F57F59,0xB49556E9,0xF3352C39,0xCE550589,0x7C75D999,0x4115F029,0x06B58AF9,0x3BD5A349,
+      0xB9853498,0x84E51D28,0xC34567F8,0xFE254E48,0x4C059258,0x7165BBE8,0x36C5C138,0x0BA5E888,
+      0x28D4C7DF,0x15B4EE6F,0x521494BF,0x6F74BD0F,0xDD54611F,0xE03448AF,0xA794327F,0x9AF41BCF,
+      0x18A48C1E,0x25C4A5AE,0x6264DF7E,0x5F04F6CE,0xED242ADE,0xD044036E,0x97E479BE,0xAA84500E,
+      0x4834505D,0x755479ED,0x32F4033D,0x0F942A8D,0xBDB4F69D,0x80D4DF2D,0xC774A5FD,0xFA148C4D,
+      0x78441B9C,0x4524322C,0x028448FC,0x3FE4614C,0x8DC4BD5C,0xB0A494EC,0xF704EE3C,0xCA64C78C },
+
+    { 0x00000000,0xCB5CD3A5,0x4DC8A10B,0x869472AE,0x9B914216,0x50CD91B3,0xD659E31D,0x1D0530B8,
+      0xEC53826D,0x270F51C8,0xA19B2366,0x6AC7F0C3,0x77C2C07B,0xBC9E13DE,0x3A0A6170,0xF156B2D5,
+      0x03D6029B,0xC88AD13E,0x4E1EA390,0x85427035,0x9847408D,0x531B9328,0xD58FE186,0x1ED33223,
+      0xEF8580F6,0x24D95353,0xA24D21FD,0x6911F258,0x7414C2E0,0xBF481145,0x39DC63EB,0xF280B04E,
+      0x07AC0536,0xCCF0D693,0x4A64A43D,0x81387798,0x9C3D4720,0x57619485,0xD1F5E62B,0x1AA9358E,
+      0xEBFF875B,0x20A354FE,0xA6372650,0x6D6BF5F5,0x706EC54D,0xBB3216E8,0x3DA66446,0xF6FAB7E3,
+      0x047A07AD,0xCF26D408,0x49B2A6A6,0x82EE7503,0x9FEB45BB,0x54B7961E,0xD223E4B0,0x197F3715,
+      0xE82985C0,0x23755665,0xA5E124CB,0x6EBDF76E,0x73B8C7D6,0xB8E41473,0x3E7066DD,0xF52CB578,
+      0x0F580A6C,0xC404D9C9,0x4290AB67,0x89CC78C2,0x94C9487A,0x5F959BDF,0xD901E971,0x125D3AD4,
+      0xE30B8801,0x28575BA4,0xAEC3290A,0x659FFAAF,0x789ACA17,0xB3C619B2,0x35526B1C,0xFE0EB8B9,
+      0x0C8E08F7,0xC7D2DB52,0x4146A9FC,0x8A1A7A59,0x971F4AE1,0x5C439944,0xDAD7EBEA,0x118B384F,
+      0xE0DD8A9A,0x2B81593F,0xAD152B91,0x6649F834,0x7B4CC88C,0xB0101B29,0x36846987,0xFDD8BA22,
+      0x08F40F5A,0xC3A8DCFF,0x453CAE51,0x8E607DF4,0x93654D4C,0x58399EE9,0xDEADEC47,0x15F13FE2,
+      0xE4A78D37,0x2FFB5E92,0xA96F2C3C,0x6233FF99,0x7F36CF21,0xB46A1C84,0x32FE6E2A,0xF9A2BD8F,
+      0x0B220DC1,0xC07EDE64,0x46EAACCA,0x8DB67F6F,0x90B34FD7,0x5BEF9C72,0xDD7BEEDC,0x16273D79,
+      0xE7718FAC,0x2C2D5C09,0xAAB92EA7,0x61E5FD02,0x7CE0CDBA,0xB7BC1E1F,0x31286CB1,0xFA74BF14,
+      0x1EB014D8,0xD5ECC77D,0x5378B5D3,0x98246676,0x852156CE,0x4E7D856B,0xC8E9F7C5,0x03B52460,
+      0xF2E396B5,0x39BF4510,0xBF2B37BE,0x7477E41B,0x6972D4A3,0xA22E0706,0x24BA75A8,0xEFE6A60D,
+      0x1D661643,0xD63AC5E6,0x50AEB748,0x9BF264ED,0x86F75455,0x4DAB87F0,0xCB3FF55E,0x006326FB,
+      0xF135942E,0x3A69478B,0xBCFD3525,0x77A1E680,0x6AA4D638,0xA1F8059D,0x276C7733,0xEC30A496,
+      0x191C11EE,0xD240C24B,0x54D4B0E5,0x9F886340,0x828D53F8,0x49D1805D,0xCF45F2F3,0x04192156,
+      0xF54F9383,0x3E134026,0xB8873288,0x73DBE12D,0x6EDED195,0xA5820230,0x2316709E,0xE84AA33B,
+      0x1ACA1375,0xD196C0D0,0x5702B27E,0x9C5E61DB,0x815B5163,0x4A0782C6,0xCC93F068,0x07CF23CD,
+      0xF6999118,0x3DC542BD,0xBB513013,0x700DE3B6,0x6D08D30E,0xA65400AB,0x20C07205,0xEB9CA1A0,
+      0x11E81EB4,0xDAB4CD11,0x5C20BFBF,0x977C6C1A,0x8A795CA2,0x41258F07,0xC7B1FDA9,0x0CED2E0C,
+      0xFDBB9CD9,0x36E74F7C,0xB0733DD2,0x7B2FEE77,0x662ADECF,0xAD760D6A,0x2BE27FC4,0xE0BEAC61,
+      0x123E1C2F,0xD962CF8A,0x5FF6BD24,0x94AA6E81,0x89AF5E39,0x42F38D9C,0xC467FF32,0x0F3B2C97,
+      0xFE6D9E42,0x35314DE7,0xB3A53F49,0x78F9ECEC,0x65FCDC54,0xAEA00FF1,0x28347D5F,0xE368AEFA,
+      0x16441B82,0xDD18C827,0x5B8CBA89,0x90D0692C,0x8DD55994,0x46898A31,0xC01DF89F,0x0B412B3A,
+      0xFA1799EF,0x314B4A4A,0xB7DF38E4,0x7C83EB41,0x6186DBF9,0xAADA085C,0x2C4E7AF2,0xE712A957,
+      0x15921919,0xDECECABC,0x585AB812,0x93066BB7,0x8E035B0F,0x455F88AA,0xC3CBFA04,0x089729A1,
+      0xF9C19B74,0x329D48D1,0xB4093A7F,0x7F55E9DA,0x6250D962,0xA90C0AC7,0x2F987869,0xE4C4ABCC },
+
+    { 0x00000000,0xA6770BB4,0x979F1129,0x31E81A9D,0xF44F2413,0x52382FA7,0x63D0353A,0xC5A73E8E,
+      0x33EF4E67,0x959845D3,0xA4705F4E,0x020754FA,0xC7A06A74,0x61D761C0,0x503F7B5D,0xF64870E9,
+      0x67DE9CCE,0xC1A9977A,0xF0418DE7,0x56368653,0x9391B8DD,0x35E6B369,0x040EA9F4,0xA279A240,
+      0x5431D2A9,0xF246D91D,0xC3AEC380,0x65D9C834,0xA07EF6BA,0x0609FD0E,0x37E1E793,0x9196EC27,
+      0xCFBD399C,0x69CA3228,0x582228B5,0xFE552301,0x3BF21D8F,0x9D85163B,0xAC6D0CA6,0x0A1A0712,
+      0xFC5277FB,0x5A257C4F,0x6BCD66D2,0xCDBA6D66,0x081D53E8,0xAE6A585C,0x9F8242C1,0x39F54975,
+      0xA863A552,0x0E14AEE6,0x3FFCB47B,0x998BBFCF,0x5C2C8141,0xFA5B8AF5,0xCBB39068,0x6DC49BDC,
+      0x9B8CEB35,0x3DFBE081,0x0C13FA1C,0xAA64F1A8,0x6FC3CF26,0xC9B4C492,0xF85CDE0F,0x5E2BD5BB,
+      0x440B7579,0xE27C7ECD,0xD3946450,0x75E36FE4,0xB044516A,0x16335ADE,0x27DB4043,0x81AC4BF7,
+      0x77E43B1E,0xD19330AA,0xE07B2A37,0x460C2183,0x83AB1F0D,0x25DC14B9,0x14340E24,0xB2430590,
+      0x23D5E9B7,0x85A2E203,0xB44AF89E,0x123DF32A,0xD79ACDA4,0x71EDC610,0x4005DC8D,0xE672D739,
+      0x103AA7D0,0xB64DAC64,0x87A5B6F9,0x21D2BD4D,0xE47583C3,0x42028877,0x73EA92EA,0xD59D995E,
+      0x8BB64CE5,0x2DC14751,0x1C295DCC,0xBA5E5678,0x7FF968F6,0xD98E6342,0xE86679DF,0x4E11726B,
+      0xB8590282,0x1E2E0936,0x2FC613AB,0x89B1181F,0x4C162691,0xEA612D25,0xDB8937B8,0x7DFE3C0C,
+      0xEC68D02B,0x4A1FDB9F,0x7BF7C102,0xDD80CAB6,0x1827F438,0xBE50FF8C,0x8FB8E511,0x29CFEEA5,
+      0xDF879E4C,0x79F095F8,0x48188F65,0xEE6F84D1,0x2BC8BA5F,0x8DBFB1EB,0xBC57AB76,0x1A20A0C2,
+      0x8816EAF2,0x2E61E146,0x1F89FBDB,0xB9FEF06F,0x7C59CEE1,0xDA2EC555,0xEBC6DFC8,0x4DB1D47C,
+      0xBBF9A495,0x1D8EAF21,0x2C66B5BC,0x8A11BE08,0x4FB68086,0xE9C18B32,0xD82991AF,0x7E5E9A1B,
+      0xEFC8763C,0x49BF7D88,0x78576715,0xDE206CA1,0x1B87522F,0xBDF0599B,0x8C184306,0x2A6F48B2,
+      0xDC27385B,0x7A5033EF,0x4BB82972,0xEDCF22C6,0x28681C48,0x8E1F17FC,0xBFF70D61,0x198006D5,
+      0x47ABD36E,0xE1DCD8DA,0xD034C247,0x7643C9F3,0xB3E4F77D,0x1593FCC9,0x247BE654,0x820CEDE0,
+      0x74449D09,0xD23396BD,0xE3DB8C20,0x45AC8794,0x800BB91A,0x267CB2AE,0x1794A833,0xB1E3A387,
+      0x20754FA0,0x86024414,0xB7EA5E89,0x119D553D,0xD43A6BB3,0x724D6007,0x43A57A9A,0xE5D2712E,
+      0x139A01C7,0xB5ED0A73,0x840510EE,0x22721B5A,0xE7D525D4,0x41A22E60,0x704A34FD,0xD63D3F49,
+      0xCC1D9F8B,0x6A6A943F,0x5B828EA2,0xFDF58516,0x3852BB98,0x9E25B02C,0xAFCDAAB1,0x09BAA105,
+      0xFFF2D1EC,0x5985DA58,0x686DC0C5,0xCE1ACB71,0x0BBDF5FF,0xADCAFE4B,0x9C22E4D6,0x3A55EF62,
+      0xABC30345,0x0DB408F1,0x3C5C126C,0x9A2B19D8,0x5F8C2756,0xF9FB2CE2,0xC813367F,0x6E643DCB,
+      0x982C4D22,0x3E5B4696,0x0FB35C0B,0xA9C457BF,0x6C636931,0xCA146285,0xFBFC7818,0x5D8B73AC,
+      0x03A0A617,0xA5D7ADA3,0x943FB73E,0x3248BC8A,0xF7EF8204,0x519889B0,0x6070932D,0xC6079899,
+      0x304FE870,0x9638E3C4,0xA7D0F959,0x01A7F2ED,0xC400CC63,0x6277C7D7,0x539FDD4A,0xF5E8D6FE,
+      0x647E3AD9,0xC209316D,0xF3E12BF0,0x55962044,0x90311ECA,0x3646157E,0x07AE0FE3,0xA1D90457,
+      0x579174BE,0xF1E67F0A,0xC00E6597,0x66796E23,0xA3DE50AD,0x05A95B19,0x34414184,0x92364A30 },
+
+    { 0x00000000,0xCCAA009E,0x4225077D,0x8E8F07E3,0x844A0EFA,0x48E00E64,0xC66F0987,0x0AC50919,
+      0xD3E51BB5,0x1F4F1B2B,0x91C01CC8,0x5D6A1C56,0x57AF154F,0x9B0515D1,0x158A1232,0xD92012AC,
+      0x7CBB312B,0xB01131B5,0x3E9E3656,0xF23436C8,0xF8F13FD1,0x345B3F4F,0xBAD438AC,0x767E3832,
+      0xAF5E2A9E,0x63F42A00,0xED7B2DE3,0x21D12D7D,0x2B142464,0xE7BE24FA,0x69312319,0xA59B2387,
+      0xF9766256,0x35DC62C8,0xBB53652B,0x77F965B5,0x7D3C6CAC,0xB1966C32,0x3F196BD1,0xF3B36B4F,
+      0x2A9379E3,0xE639797D,0x68B67E9E,0xA41C7E00,0xAED97719,0x62737787,0xECFC7064,0x205670FA,
+      0x85CD537D,0x496753E3,0xC7E85400,0x0B42549E,0x01875D87,0xCD2D5D19,0x43A25AFA,0x8F085A64,
+      0x562848C8,0x9A824856,0x140D4FB5,0xD8A74F2B,0xD2624632,0x1EC846AC,0x9047414F,0x5CED41D1,
+      0x299DC2ED,0xE537C273,0x6BB8C590,0xA712C50E,0xADD7CC17,0x617DCC89,0xEFF2CB6A,0x2358CBF4,
+      0xFA78D958,0x36D2D9C6,0xB85DDE25,0x74F7DEBB,0x7E32D7A2,0xB298D73C,0x3C17D0DF,0xF0BDD041,
+      0x5526F3C6,0x998CF358,0x1703F4BB,0xDBA9F425,0xD16CFD3C,0x1DC6FDA2,0x9349FA41,0x5FE3FADF,
+      0x86C3E873,0x4A69E8ED,0xC4E6EF0E,0x084CEF90,0x0289E689,0xCE23E617,0x40ACE1F4,0x8C06E16A,
+      0xD0EBA0BB,0x1C41A025,0x92CEA7C6,0x5E64A758,0x54A1AE41,0x980BAEDF,0x1684A93C,0xDA2EA9A2,
+      0x030EBB0E,0xCFA4BB90,0x412BBC73,0x8D81BCED,0x8744B5F4,0x4BEEB56A,0xC561B289,0x09CBB217,
+      0xAC509190,0x60FA910E,0xEE7596ED,0x22DF9673,0x281A9F6A,0xE4B09FF4,0x6A3F9817,0xA6959889,
+      0x7FB58A25,0xB31F8ABB,0x3D908D58,0xF13A8DC6,0xFBFF84DF,0x37558441,0xB9DA83A2,0x7570833C,
+      0x533B85DA,0x9F918544,0x111E82A7,0xDDB48239,0xD7718B20,0x1BDB8BBE,0x95548C5D,0x59FE8CC3,
+      0x80DE9E6F,0x4C749EF1,0xC2FB9912,0x0E51998C,0x04949095,0xC83E900B,0x46B197E8,0x8A1B9776,
+      0x2F80B4F1,0xE32AB46F,0x6DA5B38C,0xA10FB312,0xABCABA0B,0x6760BA95,0xE9EFBD76,0x2545BDE8,
+      0xFC65AF44,0x30CFAFDA,0xBE40A839,0x72EAA8A7,0x782FA1BE,0xB485A120,0x3A0AA6C3,0xF6A0A65D,
+      0xAA4DE78C,0x66E7E712,0xE868E0F1,0x24C2E06F,0x2E07E976,0xE2ADE9E8,0x6C22EE0B,0xA088EE95,
+      0x79A8FC39,0xB502FCA7,0x3B8DFB44,0xF727FBDA,0xFDE2F2C3,0x3148F25D,0xBFC7F5BE,0x736DF520,
+      0xD6F6D6A7,0x1A5CD639,0x94D3D1DA,0x5879D144,0x52BCD85D,0x9E16D8C3,0x1099DF20,0xDC33DFBE,
+      0x0513CD12,0xC9B9CD8C,0x4736CA6F,0x8B9CCAF1,0x8159C3E8,0x4DF3C376,0xC37CC495,0x0FD6C40B,
+      0x7AA64737,0xB60C47A9,0x3883404A,0xF42940D4,0xFEEC49CD,0x32464953,0xBCC94EB0,0x70634E2E,
+      0xA9435C82,0x65E95C1C,0xEB665BFF,0x27CC5B61,0x2D095278,0xE1A352E6,0x6F2C5505,0xA386559B,
+      0x061D761C,0xCAB77682,0x44387161,0x889271FF,0x825778E6,0x4EFD7878,0xC0727F9B,0x0CD87F05,
+      0xD5F86DA9,0x19526D37,0x97DD6AD4,0x5B776A4A,0x51B26353,0x9D1863CD,0x1397642E,0xDF3D64B0,
+      0x83D02561,0x4F7A25FF,0xC1F5221C,0x0D5F2282,0x079A2B9B,0xCB302B05,0x45BF2CE6,0x89152C78,
+      0x50353ED4,0x9C9F3E4A,0x121039A9,0xDEBA3937,0xD47F302E,0x18D530B0,0x965A3753,0x5AF037CD,
+      0xFF6B144A,0x33C114D4,0xBD4E1337,0x71E413A9,0x7B211AB0,0xB78B1A2E,0x39041DCD,0xF5AE1D53,
+      0x2C8E0FFF,0xE0240F61,0x6EAB0882,0xA201081C,0xA8C40105,0x646E019B,0xEAE10678,0x264B06E6 }
+  };
+
+  inline uint32_t swap(uint32_t x)
+  {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_bswap32(x);
+#endif
+#ifdef MSC_VER
+    return _byteswap_ulong(x);
+#endif
+
+    return (x >> 24) |
+          ((x >>  8) & 0x0000FF00) |
+          ((x <<  8) & 0x00FF0000) |
+           (x << 24);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// add arbitrary number of bytes
+void CRC32::add(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  uint32_t* current = (uint32_t*) data;
+  uint32_t crc = ~m_hash;
+
+  // process eight bytes at once
+  while (numBytes >= 8)
+  {
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER != 0) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+    uint32_t one = *current++ ^ swap(crc);
+    uint32_t two = *current++;
+    crc  = crc32Lookup[7][ one>>24        ] ^
+           crc32Lookup[6][(one>>16) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[5][(one>> 8) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[4][ one      & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[3][ two>>24        ] ^
+           crc32Lookup[2][(two>>16) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[1][(two>> 8) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[0][ two      & 0xFF];
+#else
+    uint32_t one = *current++ ^ crc;
+    uint32_t two = *current++;
+    crc  = crc32Lookup[7][ one      & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[6][(one>> 8) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[5][(one>>16) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[4][ one>>24        ] ^
+           crc32Lookup[3][ two      & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[2][(two>> 8) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[1][(two>>16) & 0xFF] ^
+           crc32Lookup[0][ two>>24        ];
+#endif
+    numBytes -= 8;
+  }
+
+  unsigned char* currentChar = (unsigned char*) current;
+  // remaining 1 to 7 bytes (standard CRC table-based algorithm)
+  while (numBytes--)
+    crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crc32Lookup[0][(crc & 0xFF) ^ *currentChar++];
+
+  m_hash = ~crc;
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as 8 hex characters
+std::string CRC32::getHash()
+{
+  // convert hash to string
+  static const char dec2hex[16+1] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+  char hashBuffer[8+1];
+
+  hashBuffer[0] = dec2hex[ m_hash >> 28      ];
+  hashBuffer[1] = dec2hex[(m_hash >> 24) & 15];
+  hashBuffer[2] = dec2hex[(m_hash >> 20) & 15];
+  hashBuffer[3] = dec2hex[(m_hash >> 16) & 15];
+  hashBuffer[4] = dec2hex[(m_hash >> 12) & 15];
+  hashBuffer[5] = dec2hex[(m_hash >>  8) & 15];
+  hashBuffer[6] = dec2hex[(m_hash >>  4) & 15];
+  hashBuffer[7] = dec2hex[ m_hash        & 15];
+  // zero-terminated string
+  hashBuffer[8] = 0;
+
+  // convert to std::string
+  return hashBuffer;
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as bytes
+void CRC32::getHash(unsigned char buffer[CRC32::HashBytes])
+{
+  buffer[0] = (m_hash >> 24) & 0xFF;
+  buffer[1] = (m_hash >> 16) & 0xFF;
+  buffer[2] = (m_hash >>  8) & 0xFF;
+  buffer[3] =  m_hash        & 0xFF;
+}
+
+
+/// compute CRC32 of a memory block
+std::string CRC32::operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(data, numBytes);
+  return getHash();
+}
+
+
+/// compute CRC32 of a string, excluding final zero
+std::string CRC32::operator()(const std::string& text)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(text.c_str(), text.size());
+  return getHash();
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/crc32.h b/external/hash-library/crc32.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8fc77b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/crc32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// crc32.h
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+//#include "hash.h"
+#include <string>
+
+// define fixed size integer types
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Windows
+typedef unsigned __int8  uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+#else
+// GCC
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// compute CRC32 hash, based on Intel's Slicing-by-8 algorithm
+/** Usage:
+    CRC32 crc32;
+    std::string myHash  = crc32("Hello World");     // std::string
+    std::string myHash2 = crc32("How are you", 11); // arbitrary data, 11 bytes
+
+    // or in a streaming fashion:
+
+    CRC32 crc32;
+    while (more data available)
+      crc32.add(pointer to fresh data, number of new bytes);
+    std::string myHash3 = crc32.getHash();
+
+    Note:
+    You can find code for the faster Slicing-by-16 algorithm on my website, too:
+    http://create.stephan-brumme.com/crc32/
+    Its unrolled version is about twice as fast but its look-up table doubled in size as well.
+  */
+class CRC32 //: public Hash
+{
+public:
+  /// hash is 4 bytes long
+  enum { HashBytes = 4 };
+
+  /// same as reset()
+  CRC32();
+
+  /// compute CRC32 of a memory block
+  std::string operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+  /// compute CRC32 of a string, excluding final zero
+  std::string operator()(const std::string& text);
+
+  /// add arbitrary number of bytes
+  void add(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+
+  /// return latest hash as 8 hex characters
+  std::string getHash();
+  /// return latest hash as bytes
+  void        getHash(unsigned char buffer[HashBytes]);
+
+  /// restart
+  void reset();
+
+private:
+  /// hash
+  uint32_t m_hash;
+};
diff --git a/external/hash-library/digest.cpp b/external/hash-library/digest.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3a2b9a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/digest.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// digest.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+// g++ -O3 digest.cpp crc32.cpp md5.cpp sha1.cpp sha256.cpp keccak.cpp sha3.cpp -o digest
+
+#include "crc32.h"
+#include "md5.h"
+#include "sha1.h"
+#include "sha256.h"
+#include "keccak.h"
+#include "sha3.h"
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <fstream>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+  // syntax check
+  if (argc < 2 || argc > 3)
+  {
+    std::cout << "./digest filename [--crc|--md5|--sha1|--sha256|--keccak|--sha3]" << std::endl;
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  // parameters
+  std::string filename  = argv[1];
+  std::string algorithm = argc == 3 ? argv[2] : "";
+  bool computeCrc32     = algorithm.empty() || algorithm == "--crc";
+  bool computeMd5       = algorithm.empty() || algorithm == "--md5";
+  bool computeSha1      = algorithm.empty() || algorithm == "--sha1";
+  bool computeSha2      = algorithm.empty() || algorithm == "--sha2" || algorithm == "--sha256";
+  bool computeKeccak    = algorithm.empty() || algorithm == "--keccak";
+  bool computeSha3      = algorithm.empty() || algorithm == "--sha3";
+
+  CRC32  digestCrc32;
+  MD5    digestMd5;
+  SHA1   digestSha1;
+  SHA256 digestSha2;
+  Keccak digestKeccak(Keccak::Keccak256);
+  SHA3   digestSha3  (SHA3  ::Bits256);
+
+  // each cycle processes about 1 MByte (divisible by 144 => improves Keccak/SHA3 performance)
+  const size_t BufferSize = 144*7*1024;
+  char* buffer = new char[BufferSize];
+
+  // select input source: either file or standard-in
+  std::ifstream file;
+  std::istream* input = NULL;
+  // accept std::cin, syntax will be: "./digest - --sha3 < data"
+  if (filename == "-")
+  {
+    input = &std::cin;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    // open file
+    file.open(filename.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
+    if (!file)
+    {
+      std::cerr << "Can't open '" << filename << "'" << std::endl;
+      return 2;
+    }
+
+    input = &file;
+  }
+
+  // process file
+  while (*input)
+  {
+    input->read(buffer, BufferSize);
+    std::size_t numBytesRead = size_t(input->gcount());
+
+    if (computeCrc32)
+      digestCrc32 .add(buffer, numBytesRead);
+    if (computeMd5)
+      digestMd5   .add(buffer, numBytesRead);
+    if (computeSha1)
+      digestSha1  .add(buffer, numBytesRead);
+    if (computeSha2)
+      digestSha2  .add(buffer, numBytesRead);
+    if (computeKeccak)
+      digestKeccak.add(buffer, numBytesRead);
+    if (computeSha3)
+      digestSha3  .add(buffer, numBytesRead);
+  }
+
+  // clean up
+  file.close();
+  delete[] buffer;
+
+  // show results
+  if (computeCrc32)
+    std::cout << "CRC32:      " << digestCrc32 .getHash() << std::endl;
+  if (computeMd5)
+    std::cout << "MD5:        " << digestMd5   .getHash() << std::endl;
+  if (computeSha1)
+    std::cout << "SHA1:       " << digestSha1  .getHash() << std::endl;
+  if (computeSha2)
+    std::cout << "SHA2/256:   " << digestSha2  .getHash() << std::endl;
+  if (computeKeccak)
+    std::cout << "Keccak/256: " << digestKeccak.getHash() << std::endl;
+  if (computeSha3)
+    std::cout << "SHA3/256:   " << digestSha3  .getHash() << std::endl;
+
+  return 0;
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/hash.h b/external/hash-library/hash.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c6f2ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/hash.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// hash.h
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+/// abstract base class
+class Hash
+{
+public:
+  /// compute hash of a memory block
+  virtual std::string operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes) = 0;
+  /// compute hash of a string, excluding final zero
+  virtual std::string operator()(const std::string& text) = 0;
+
+  /// add arbitrary number of bytes
+  virtual void add(const void* data, size_t numBytes) = 0;
+
+  /// return latest hash as hex characters
+  virtual std::string getHash() = 0;
+
+  /// restart
+  virtual void reset() = 0;
+};
diff --git a/external/hash-library/hmac.h b/external/hash-library/hmac.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..442a1f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/hmac.h
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// hmac.h
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+// based on http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2104
+// see also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hash-based_message_authentication_code
+
+/** Usage:
+    std::string msg = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
+    std::string key = "key";
+    std::string md5hmac  = hmac< MD5  >(msg, key);
+    std::string sha1hmac = hmac< SHA1 >(msg, key);
+    std::string sha2hmac = hmac<SHA256>(msg, key);
+
+    Note:
+    To keep my code simple, HMAC computation currently needs the whole message at once.
+    This is in contrast to the hashes MD5, SHA1, etc. where an add() method is available
+    for incremental computation.
+    You can use any hash for HMAC as long as it provides:
+    - constant HashMethod::BlockSize (typically 64)
+    - constant HashMethod::HashBytes (length of hash in bytes, e.g. 20 for SHA1)
+    - HashMethod::add(buffer, bufferSize)
+    - HashMethod::getHash(unsigned char buffer[HashMethod::BlockSize])
+  */
+
+#include <string>
+#include <cstring> // memcpy
+
+/// compute HMAC hash of data and key using MD5, SHA1 or SHA256
+template <typename HashMethod>
+std::string hmac(const void* data, size_t numDataBytes, const void* key, size_t numKeyBytes)
+{
+  // initialize key with zeros
+  unsigned char usedKey[HashMethod::BlockSize] = {0};
+
+  // adjust length of key: must contain exactly blockSize bytes
+  if (numKeyBytes <= HashMethod::BlockSize)
+  {
+    // copy key
+    memcpy(usedKey, key, numKeyBytes);
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    // shorten key: usedKey = hashed(key)
+    HashMethod keyHasher;
+    keyHasher.add(key, numKeyBytes);
+    keyHasher.getHash(usedKey);
+  }
+
+  // create initial XOR padding
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < HashMethod::BlockSize; i++)
+    usedKey[i] ^= 0x36;
+
+  // inside = hash((usedKey ^ 0x36) + data)
+  unsigned char inside[HashMethod::HashBytes];
+  HashMethod insideHasher;
+  insideHasher.add(usedKey, HashMethod::BlockSize);
+  insideHasher.add(data,    numDataBytes);
+  insideHasher.getHash(inside);
+
+  // undo usedKey's previous 0x36 XORing and apply a XOR by 0x5C
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < HashMethod::BlockSize; i++)
+    usedKey[i] ^= 0x5C ^ 0x36;
+
+  // hash((usedKey ^ 0x5C) + hash((usedKey ^ 0x36) + data))
+  HashMethod finalHasher;
+  finalHasher.add(usedKey, HashMethod::BlockSize);
+  finalHasher.add(inside,  HashMethod::HashBytes);
+
+  return finalHasher.getHash();
+}
+
+
+/// convenience function for std::string
+template <typename HashMethod>
+std::string hmac(const std::string& data, const std::string& key)
+{
+  return hmac<HashMethod>(data.c_str(), data.size(), key.c_str(), key.size());
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/keccak.cpp b/external/hash-library/keccak.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..17b80d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/keccak.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// keccak.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#include "keccak.h"
+
+// big endian architectures need #define __BYTE_ORDER __BIG_ENDIAN
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+//#include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// same as reset()
+Keccak::Keccak(Bits bits)
+: m_blockSize(200 - 2 * (bits / 8)),
+  m_bits(bits)
+{
+  reset();
+}
+
+
+/// restart
+void Keccak::reset()
+{
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < StateSize; i++)
+    m_hash[i] = 0;
+
+  m_numBytes   = 0;
+  m_bufferSize = 0;
+}
+
+
+/// constants and local helper functions
+namespace
+{
+  const unsigned int KeccakRounds = 24;
+  const uint64_t XorMasks[KeccakRounds] =
+  {
+    0x0000000000000001ULL, 0x0000000000008082ULL, 0x800000000000808aULL,
+    0x8000000080008000ULL, 0x000000000000808bULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL,
+    0x8000000080008081ULL, 0x8000000000008009ULL, 0x000000000000008aULL,
+    0x0000000000000088ULL, 0x0000000080008009ULL, 0x000000008000000aULL,
+    0x000000008000808bULL, 0x800000000000008bULL, 0x8000000000008089ULL,
+    0x8000000000008003ULL, 0x8000000000008002ULL, 0x8000000000000080ULL,
+    0x000000000000800aULL, 0x800000008000000aULL, 0x8000000080008081ULL,
+    0x8000000000008080ULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL, 0x8000000080008008ULL
+  };
+
+  /// rotate left and wrap around to the right
+  inline uint64_t rotateLeft(uint64_t x, uint8_t numBits)
+  {
+    return (x << numBits) | (x >> (64 - numBits));
+  }
+
+  /// convert litte vs big endian
+  inline uint64_t swap(uint64_t x)
+  {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_bswap64(x);
+#endif
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return _byteswap_uint64(x);
+#endif
+
+    return  (x >> 56) |
+           ((x >> 40) & 0x000000000000FF00ULL) |
+           ((x >> 24) & 0x0000000000FF0000ULL) |
+           ((x >>  8) & 0x00000000FF000000ULL) |
+           ((x <<  8) & 0x000000FF00000000ULL) |
+           ((x << 24) & 0x0000FF0000000000ULL) |
+           ((x << 40) & 0x00FF000000000000ULL) |
+            (x << 56);
+  }
+
+
+  /// return x % 5 for 0 <= x <= 9
+  unsigned int mod5(unsigned int x)
+  {
+    if (x < 5)
+      return x;
+
+    return x - 5;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process a full block
+void Keccak::processBlock(const void* data)
+{
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER != 0) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+#define LITTLEENDIAN(x) swap(x)
+#else
+#define LITTLEENDIAN(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+  const uint64_t* data64 = (const uint64_t*) data;
+  // mix data into state
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < m_blockSize / 8; i++)
+    m_hash[i] ^= LITTLEENDIAN(data64[i]);
+
+  // re-compute state
+  for (unsigned int round = 0; round < KeccakRounds; round++)
+  {
+    // Theta
+    uint64_t coefficients[5];
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+      coefficients[i] = m_hash[i] ^ m_hash[i + 5] ^ m_hash[i + 10] ^ m_hash[i + 15] ^ m_hash[i + 20];
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    {
+      uint64_t one = coefficients[mod5(i + 4)] ^ rotateLeft(coefficients[mod5(i + 1)], 1);
+      m_hash[i     ] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i +  5] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i + 10] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i + 15] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i + 20] ^= one;
+    }
+
+    // temporary
+    uint64_t one;
+
+    // Rho Pi
+    uint64_t last = m_hash[1];
+    one = m_hash[10]; m_hash[10] = rotateLeft(last,  1); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 7]; m_hash[ 7] = rotateLeft(last,  3); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[11]; m_hash[11] = rotateLeft(last,  6); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[17]; m_hash[17] = rotateLeft(last, 10); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[18]; m_hash[18] = rotateLeft(last, 15); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 3]; m_hash[ 3] = rotateLeft(last, 21); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 5]; m_hash[ 5] = rotateLeft(last, 28); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[16]; m_hash[16] = rotateLeft(last, 36); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 8]; m_hash[ 8] = rotateLeft(last, 45); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[21]; m_hash[21] = rotateLeft(last, 55); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[24]; m_hash[24] = rotateLeft(last,  2); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 4]; m_hash[ 4] = rotateLeft(last, 14); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[15]; m_hash[15] = rotateLeft(last, 27); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[23]; m_hash[23] = rotateLeft(last, 41); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[19]; m_hash[19] = rotateLeft(last, 56); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[13]; m_hash[13] = rotateLeft(last,  8); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[12]; m_hash[12] = rotateLeft(last, 25); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 2]; m_hash[ 2] = rotateLeft(last, 43); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[20]; m_hash[20] = rotateLeft(last, 62); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[14]; m_hash[14] = rotateLeft(last, 18); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[22]; m_hash[22] = rotateLeft(last, 39); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 9]; m_hash[ 9] = rotateLeft(last, 61); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 6]; m_hash[ 6] = rotateLeft(last, 20); last = one;
+                      m_hash[ 1] = rotateLeft(last, 44);
+
+    // Chi
+    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 25; j += 5)
+    {
+      // temporaries
+      uint64_t one = m_hash[j];
+      uint64_t two = m_hash[j + 1];
+
+      m_hash[j]     ^= m_hash[j + 2] & ~two;
+      m_hash[j + 1] ^= m_hash[j + 3] & ~m_hash[j + 2];
+      m_hash[j + 2] ^= m_hash[j + 4] & ~m_hash[j + 3];
+      m_hash[j + 3] ^=      one      & ~m_hash[j + 4];
+      m_hash[j + 4] ^=      two      & ~one;
+    }
+
+    // Iota
+    m_hash[0] ^= XorMasks[round];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// add arbitrary number of bytes
+void Keccak::add(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  const uint8_t* current = (const uint8_t*) data;
+
+  if (m_bufferSize > 0)
+  {
+    while (numBytes > 0 && m_bufferSize < m_blockSize)
+    {
+      m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+      numBytes--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // full buffer
+  if (m_bufferSize == m_blockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock((void*)m_buffer);
+    m_numBytes  += m_blockSize;
+    m_bufferSize = 0;
+  }
+
+  // no more data ?
+  if (numBytes == 0)
+    return;
+
+  // process full blocks
+  while (numBytes >= m_blockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock(current);
+    current    += m_blockSize;
+    m_numBytes += m_blockSize;
+    numBytes   -= m_blockSize;
+  }
+
+  // keep remaining bytes in buffer
+  while (numBytes > 0)
+  {
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+    numBytes--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process everything left in the internal buffer
+void Keccak::processBuffer()
+{
+  unsigned int blockSize = 200 - 2 * (m_bits / 8);
+
+  // add padding
+  size_t offset = m_bufferSize;
+  // add a "1" byte
+  m_buffer[offset++] = 1;
+  // fill with zeros
+  while (offset < blockSize)
+    m_buffer[offset++] = 0;
+
+  // and add a single set bit
+  m_buffer[blockSize - 1] |= 0x80;
+
+  processBlock(m_buffer);
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as 16 hex characters
+std::string Keccak::getHash()
+{
+  // process remaining bytes
+  processBuffer();
+
+  // convert hash to string
+  static const char dec2hex[16 + 1] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+  // number of significant elements in hash (uint64_t)
+  unsigned int hashLength = m_bits / 64;
+
+  std::string result;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hashLength; i++)
+    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 8; j++) // 64 bits => 8 bytes
+    {
+      // convert a byte to hex
+      unsigned char oneByte = (unsigned char) (m_hash[i] >> (8 * j));
+      result += dec2hex[oneByte >> 4];
+      result += dec2hex[oneByte & 15];
+    }
+
+  // Keccak224's last entry in m_hash provides only 32 bits instead of 64 bits
+  unsigned int remainder = m_bits - hashLength * 64;
+  unsigned int processed = 0;
+  while (processed < remainder)
+  {
+    // convert a byte to hex
+    unsigned char oneByte = (unsigned char) (m_hash[hashLength] >> processed);
+    result += dec2hex[oneByte >> 4];
+    result += dec2hex[oneByte & 15];
+
+    processed += 8;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+/// compute Keccak hash of a memory block
+std::string Keccak::operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(data, numBytes);
+  return getHash();
+}
+
+
+/// compute Keccak hash of a string, excluding final zero
+std::string Keccak::operator()(const std::string& text)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(text.c_str(), text.size());
+  return getHash();
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/keccak.h b/external/hash-library/keccak.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b87a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/keccak.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// keccak.h
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+//#include "hash.h"
+#include <string>
+
+// define fixed size integer types
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Windows
+typedef unsigned __int8  uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+#else
+// GCC
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// compute Keccak hash (designated SHA3)
+/** Usage:
+    Keccak keccak;
+    std::string myHash  = keccak("Hello World");     // std::string
+    std::string myHash2 = keccak("How are you", 11); // arbitrary data, 11 bytes
+
+    // or in a streaming fashion:
+
+    Keccak keccak;
+    while (more data available)
+      keccak.add(pointer to fresh data, number of new bytes);
+    std::string myHash3 = keccak.getHash();
+  */
+class Keccak //: public Hash
+{
+public:
+  /// algorithm variants
+  enum Bits { Keccak224 = 224, Keccak256 = 256, Keccak384 = 384, Keccak512 = 512 };
+
+  /// same as reset()
+  explicit Keccak(Bits bits = Keccak256);
+
+  /// compute hash of a memory block
+  std::string operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+  /// compute hash of a string, excluding final zero
+  std::string operator()(const std::string& text);
+
+  /// add arbitrary number of bytes
+  void add(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+
+  /// return latest hash as hex characters
+  std::string getHash();
+
+  /// restart
+  void reset();
+
+private:
+  /// process a full block
+  void processBlock(const void* data);
+  /// process everything left in the internal buffer
+  void processBuffer();
+
+  /// 1600 bits, stored as 25x64 bit, BlockSize is no more than 1152 bits (Keccak224)
+  enum { StateSize    = 1600 / (8 * 8),
+         MaxBlockSize =  200 - 2 * (224 / 8) };
+
+  /// hash
+  uint64_t m_hash[StateSize];
+  /// size of processed data in bytes
+  uint64_t m_numBytes;
+  /// block size (less or equal to MaxBlockSize)
+  size_t   m_blockSize;
+  /// valid bytes in m_buffer
+  size_t   m_bufferSize;
+  /// bytes not processed yet
+  uint8_t  m_buffer[MaxBlockSize];
+  /// variant
+  Bits     m_bits;
+};
diff --git a/external/hash-library/md5.cpp b/external/hash-library/md5.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98d503b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/md5.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,380 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// md5.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#include "md5.h"
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+//#include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// same as reset()
+MD5::MD5()
+{
+  reset();
+}
+
+
+/// restart
+void MD5::reset()
+{
+  m_numBytes   = 0;
+  m_bufferSize = 0;
+
+  // according to RFC 1321
+  m_hash[0] = 0x67452301;
+  m_hash[1] = 0xefcdab89;
+  m_hash[2] = 0x98badcfe;
+  m_hash[3] = 0x10325476;
+}
+
+
+namespace
+{
+  // mix functions for processBlock()
+  inline uint32_t f1(uint32_t b, uint32_t c, uint32_t d)
+  {
+    return d ^ (b & (c ^ d)); // original: f = (b & c) | ((~b) & d);
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t f2(uint32_t b, uint32_t c, uint32_t d)
+  {
+    return c ^ (d & (b ^ c)); // original: f = (b & d) | (c & (~d));
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t f3(uint32_t b, uint32_t c, uint32_t d)
+  {
+    return b ^ c ^ d;
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t f4(uint32_t b, uint32_t c, uint32_t d)
+  {
+    return c ^ (b | ~d);
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t rotate(uint32_t a, uint32_t c)
+  {
+    return (a << c) | (a >> (32 - c));
+  }
+
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER != 0) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+  inline uint32_t swap(uint32_t x)
+  {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_bswap32(x);
+#endif
+#ifdef MSC_VER
+    return _byteswap_ulong(x);
+#endif
+
+    return (x >> 24) |
+          ((x >>  8) & 0x0000FF00) |
+          ((x <<  8) & 0x00FF0000) |
+           (x << 24);
+  }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/// process 64 bytes
+void MD5::processBlock(const void* data)
+{
+  // get last hash
+  uint32_t a = m_hash[0];
+  uint32_t b = m_hash[1];
+  uint32_t c = m_hash[2];
+  uint32_t d = m_hash[3];
+
+  // data represented as 16x 32-bit words
+  const uint32_t* words = (uint32_t*) data;
+
+  // computations are little endian, swap data if necessary
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER != 0) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+#define LITTLEENDIAN(x) swap(x)
+#else
+#define LITTLEENDIAN(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+  // first round
+  uint32_t word0  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 0]);
+  a = rotate(a + f1(b,c,d) + word0  + 0xd76aa478,  7) + b;
+  uint32_t word1  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 1]);
+  d = rotate(d + f1(a,b,c) + word1  + 0xe8c7b756, 12) + a;
+  uint32_t word2  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 2]);
+  c = rotate(c + f1(d,a,b) + word2  + 0x242070db, 17) + d;
+  uint32_t word3  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 3]);
+  b = rotate(b + f1(c,d,a) + word3  + 0xc1bdceee, 22) + c;
+
+  uint32_t word4  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 4]);
+  a = rotate(a + f1(b,c,d) + word4  + 0xf57c0faf,  7) + b;
+  uint32_t word5  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 5]);
+  d = rotate(d + f1(a,b,c) + word5  + 0x4787c62a, 12) + a;
+  uint32_t word6  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 6]);
+  c = rotate(c + f1(d,a,b) + word6  + 0xa8304613, 17) + d;
+  uint32_t word7  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 7]);
+  b = rotate(b + f1(c,d,a) + word7  + 0xfd469501, 22) + c;
+
+  uint32_t word8  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 8]);
+  a = rotate(a + f1(b,c,d) + word8  + 0x698098d8,  7) + b;
+  uint32_t word9  = LITTLEENDIAN(words[ 9]);
+  d = rotate(d + f1(a,b,c) + word9  + 0x8b44f7af, 12) + a;
+  uint32_t word10 = LITTLEENDIAN(words[10]);
+  c = rotate(c + f1(d,a,b) + word10 + 0xffff5bb1, 17) + d;
+  uint32_t word11 = LITTLEENDIAN(words[11]);
+  b = rotate(b + f1(c,d,a) + word11 + 0x895cd7be, 22) + c;
+
+  uint32_t word12 = LITTLEENDIAN(words[12]);
+  a = rotate(a + f1(b,c,d) + word12 + 0x6b901122,  7) + b;
+  uint32_t word13 = LITTLEENDIAN(words[13]);
+  d = rotate(d + f1(a,b,c) + word13 + 0xfd987193, 12) + a;
+  uint32_t word14 = LITTLEENDIAN(words[14]);
+  c = rotate(c + f1(d,a,b) + word14 + 0xa679438e, 17) + d;
+  uint32_t word15 = LITTLEENDIAN(words[15]);
+  b = rotate(b + f1(c,d,a) + word15 + 0x49b40821, 22) + c;
+
+  // second round
+  a = rotate(a + f2(b,c,d) + word1  + 0xf61e2562,  5) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f2(a,b,c) + word6  + 0xc040b340,  9) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f2(d,a,b) + word11 + 0x265e5a51, 14) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f2(c,d,a) + word0  + 0xe9b6c7aa, 20) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f2(b,c,d) + word5  + 0xd62f105d,  5) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f2(a,b,c) + word10 + 0x02441453,  9) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f2(d,a,b) + word15 + 0xd8a1e681, 14) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f2(c,d,a) + word4  + 0xe7d3fbc8, 20) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f2(b,c,d) + word9  + 0x21e1cde6,  5) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f2(a,b,c) + word14 + 0xc33707d6,  9) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f2(d,a,b) + word3  + 0xf4d50d87, 14) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f2(c,d,a) + word8  + 0x455a14ed, 20) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f2(b,c,d) + word13 + 0xa9e3e905,  5) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f2(a,b,c) + word2  + 0xfcefa3f8,  9) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f2(d,a,b) + word7  + 0x676f02d9, 14) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f2(c,d,a) + word12 + 0x8d2a4c8a, 20) + c;
+
+  // third round
+  a = rotate(a + f3(b,c,d) + word5  + 0xfffa3942,  4) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f3(a,b,c) + word8  + 0x8771f681, 11) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f3(d,a,b) + word11 + 0x6d9d6122, 16) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f3(c,d,a) + word14 + 0xfde5380c, 23) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f3(b,c,d) + word1  + 0xa4beea44,  4) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f3(a,b,c) + word4  + 0x4bdecfa9, 11) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f3(d,a,b) + word7  + 0xf6bb4b60, 16) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f3(c,d,a) + word10 + 0xbebfbc70, 23) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f3(b,c,d) + word13 + 0x289b7ec6,  4) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f3(a,b,c) + word0  + 0xeaa127fa, 11) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f3(d,a,b) + word3  + 0xd4ef3085, 16) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f3(c,d,a) + word6  + 0x04881d05, 23) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f3(b,c,d) + word9  + 0xd9d4d039,  4) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f3(a,b,c) + word12 + 0xe6db99e5, 11) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f3(d,a,b) + word15 + 0x1fa27cf8, 16) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f3(c,d,a) + word2  + 0xc4ac5665, 23) + c;
+
+  // fourth round
+  a = rotate(a + f4(b,c,d) + word0  + 0xf4292244,  6) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f4(a,b,c) + word7  + 0x432aff97, 10) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f4(d,a,b) + word14 + 0xab9423a7, 15) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f4(c,d,a) + word5  + 0xfc93a039, 21) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f4(b,c,d) + word12 + 0x655b59c3,  6) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f4(a,b,c) + word3  + 0x8f0ccc92, 10) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f4(d,a,b) + word10 + 0xffeff47d, 15) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f4(c,d,a) + word1  + 0x85845dd1, 21) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f4(b,c,d) + word8  + 0x6fa87e4f,  6) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f4(a,b,c) + word15 + 0xfe2ce6e0, 10) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f4(d,a,b) + word6  + 0xa3014314, 15) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f4(c,d,a) + word13 + 0x4e0811a1, 21) + c;
+
+  a = rotate(a + f4(b,c,d) + word4  + 0xf7537e82,  6) + b;
+  d = rotate(d + f4(a,b,c) + word11 + 0xbd3af235, 10) + a;
+  c = rotate(c + f4(d,a,b) + word2  + 0x2ad7d2bb, 15) + d;
+  b = rotate(b + f4(c,d,a) + word9  + 0xeb86d391, 21) + c;
+
+  // update hash
+  m_hash[0] += a;
+  m_hash[1] += b;
+  m_hash[2] += c;
+  m_hash[3] += d;
+}
+
+
+/// add arbitrary number of bytes
+void MD5::add(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  const uint8_t* current = (const uint8_t*) data;
+
+  if (m_bufferSize > 0)
+  {
+    while (numBytes > 0 && m_bufferSize < BlockSize)
+    {
+      m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+      numBytes--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // full buffer
+  if (m_bufferSize == BlockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock(m_buffer);
+    m_numBytes  += BlockSize;
+    m_bufferSize = 0;
+  }
+
+  // no more data ?
+  if (numBytes == 0)
+    return;
+
+  // process full blocks
+  while (numBytes >= BlockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock(current);
+    current    += BlockSize;
+    m_numBytes += BlockSize;
+    numBytes   -= BlockSize;
+  }
+
+  // keep remaining bytes in buffer
+  while (numBytes > 0)
+  {
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+    numBytes--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process final block, less than 64 bytes
+void MD5::processBuffer()
+{
+  // the input bytes are considered as bits strings, where the first bit is the most significant bit of the byte
+
+  // - append "1" bit to message
+  // - append "0" bits until message length in bit mod 512 is 448
+  // - append length as 64 bit integer
+
+  // number of bits
+  size_t paddedLength = m_bufferSize * 8;
+
+  // plus one bit set to 1 (always appended)
+  paddedLength++;
+
+  // number of bits must be (numBits % 512) = 448
+  size_t lower11Bits = paddedLength & 511;
+  if (lower11Bits <= 448)
+    paddedLength +=       448 - lower11Bits;
+  else
+    paddedLength += 512 + 448 - lower11Bits;
+  // convert from bits to bytes
+  paddedLength /= 8;
+
+  // only needed if additional data flows over into a second block
+  unsigned char extra[BlockSize];
+
+  // append a "1" bit, 128 => binary 10000000
+  if (m_bufferSize < BlockSize)
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize] = 128;
+  else
+    extra[0] = 128;
+
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = m_bufferSize + 1; i < BlockSize; i++)
+    m_buffer[i] = 0;
+  for (; i < paddedLength; i++)
+    extra[i - BlockSize] = 0;
+
+  // add message length in bits as 64 bit number
+  uint64_t msgBits = 8 * (m_numBytes + m_bufferSize);
+  // find right position
+  unsigned char* addLength;
+  if (paddedLength < BlockSize)
+    addLength = m_buffer + paddedLength;
+  else
+    addLength = extra + paddedLength - BlockSize;
+
+  // must be little endian
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF; msgBits >>= 8;
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF; msgBits >>= 8;
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF; msgBits >>= 8;
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF; msgBits >>= 8;
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF; msgBits >>= 8;
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF; msgBits >>= 8;
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF; msgBits >>= 8;
+  *addLength++ = msgBits & 0xFF;
+
+  // process blocks
+  processBlock(m_buffer);
+  // flowed over into a second block ?
+  if (paddedLength > BlockSize)
+    processBlock(extra);
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as 32 hex characters
+std::string MD5::getHash()
+{
+  // compute hash (as raw bytes)
+  unsigned char rawHash[HashBytes];
+  getHash(rawHash);
+
+  // convert to hex string
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(2 * HashBytes);
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashBytes; i++)
+  {
+    static const char dec2hex[16+1] = "0123456789abcdef";
+    result += dec2hex[(rawHash[i] >> 4) & 15];
+    result += dec2hex[ rawHash[i]       & 15];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as bytes
+void MD5::getHash(unsigned char buffer[MD5::HashBytes])
+{
+  // save old hash if buffer is partially filled
+  uint32_t oldHash[HashValues];
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashValues; i++)
+    oldHash[i] = m_hash[i];
+
+  // process remaining bytes
+  processBuffer();
+
+  unsigned char* current = buffer;
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashValues; i++)
+  {
+    *current++ =  m_hash[i]        & 0xFF;
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >>  8) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >> 16) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >> 24) & 0xFF;
+
+    // restore old hash
+    m_hash[i] = oldHash[i];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// compute MD5 of a memory block
+std::string MD5::operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(data, numBytes);
+  return getHash();
+}
+
+
+/// compute MD5 of a string, excluding final zero
+std::string MD5::operator()(const std::string& text)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(text.c_str(), text.size());
+  return getHash();
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/md5.h b/external/hash-library/md5.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f53e2d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/md5.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// md5.h
+// Copyright (c) 2014 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+//#include "hash.h"
+#include <string>
+
+// define fixed size integer types
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Windows
+typedef unsigned __int8  uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+#else
+// GCC
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// compute MD5 hash
+/** Usage:
+    MD5 md5;
+    std::string myHash  = md5("Hello World");     // std::string
+    std::string myHash2 = md5("How are you", 11); // arbitrary data, 11 bytes
+
+    // or in a streaming fashion:
+
+    MD5 md5;
+    while (more data available)
+      md5.add(pointer to fresh data, number of new bytes);
+    std::string myHash3 = md5.getHash();
+  */
+class MD5 //: public Hash
+{
+public:
+  /// split into 64 byte blocks (=> 512 bits), hash is 16 bytes long
+  enum { BlockSize = 512 / 8, HashBytes = 16 };
+
+  /// same as reset()
+  MD5();
+
+  /// compute MD5 of a memory block
+  std::string operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+  /// compute MD5 of a string, excluding final zero
+  std::string operator()(const std::string& text);
+
+  /// add arbitrary number of bytes
+  void add(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+
+  /// return latest hash as 32 hex characters
+  std::string getHash();
+  /// return latest hash as bytes
+  void        getHash(unsigned char buffer[HashBytes]);
+
+  /// restart
+  void reset();
+
+private:
+  /// process 64 bytes
+  void processBlock(const void* data);
+  /// process everything left in the internal buffer
+  void processBuffer();
+
+  /// size of processed data in bytes
+  uint64_t m_numBytes;
+  /// valid bytes in m_buffer
+  size_t   m_bufferSize;
+  /// bytes not processed yet
+  uint8_t  m_buffer[BlockSize];
+
+  enum { HashValues = HashBytes / 4 };
+  /// hash, stored as integers
+  uint32_t m_hash[HashValues];
+};
diff --git a/external/hash-library/readme.md b/external/hash-library/readme.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8be9d01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/readme.md
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# Portable C++ Hashing Library
+
+This is a mirror of my library hosted at https://create.stephan-brumme.com/hash-library/
+
+In a nutshell:
+
+- computes CRC32, MD5, SHA1 and SHA256 (most common member of the SHA2 functions), Keccak and its SHA3 sibling
+- optional HMAC (keyed-hash message authentication code)
+- no external dependencies, small code size
+- can work chunk-wise (for example when reading streams block-by-block)
+- portable: supports Windows and Linux, tested on Little Endian and Big Endian CPUs
+- roughly as fast as Linux core hashing functions
+- open source, zlib license
+
+You can find code examples, benchmarks and much more on my website https://create.stephan-brumme.com/hash-library/
+
+# How to use
+
+This example computes SHA256 hashes but the API is more or less identical for all hash algorithms:
+
+``` cpp
+// SHA2 test program
+#include "sha256.h"
+#include <iostream> // for std::cout only, not needed for hashing library
+
+int main(int, char**)
+{
+  // create a new hashing object
+  SHA256 sha256;
+
+  // hashing an std::string
+  std::cout << sha256("Hello World") << std::endl;
+  // => a591a6d40bf420404a011733cfb7b190d62c65bf0bcda32b57b277d9ad9f146e
+
+  // hashing a buffer of bytes
+  const char* buffer = "How are you";
+  std::cout << sha256(buffer, 11) << std::endl;
+  // => 9c7d5b046878838da72e40ceb3179580958df544b240869b80d0275cc07209cc
+
+  // or in a streaming fashion (re-use "How are you")
+  SHA256 sha256stream;
+  const char* url = "create.stephan-brumme.com"; // 25 bytes
+  int step = 5;
+  for (int i = 0; i < 25; i += step)
+    sha256stream.add(url + i, step); // add five bytes at a time
+  std::cout << sha256stream.getHash() << std::endl;
+  // => 82aa771f1183c52f973c798c9243a1c73833ea40961c73e55e12430ec77b69f6
+
+  return 0;
+}
+```
diff --git a/external/hash-library/sha1.cpp b/external/hash-library/sha1.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a715f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/sha1.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sha1.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#include "sha1.h"
+
+// big endian architectures need #define __BYTE_ORDER __BIG_ENDIAN
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+//#include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// same as reset()
+SHA1::SHA1()
+{
+  reset();
+}
+
+
+/// restart
+void SHA1::reset()
+{
+  m_numBytes   = 0;
+  m_bufferSize = 0;
+
+  // according to RFC 1321
+  m_hash[0] = 0x67452301;
+  m_hash[1] = 0xefcdab89;
+  m_hash[2] = 0x98badcfe;
+  m_hash[3] = 0x10325476;
+  m_hash[4] = 0xc3d2e1f0;
+}
+
+
+namespace
+{
+  // mix functions for processBlock()
+  inline uint32_t f1(uint32_t b, uint32_t c, uint32_t d)
+  {
+    return d ^ (b & (c ^ d)); // original: f = (b & c) | ((~b) & d);
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t f2(uint32_t b, uint32_t c, uint32_t d)
+  {
+    return b ^ c ^ d;
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t f3(uint32_t b, uint32_t c, uint32_t d)
+  {
+    return (b & c) | (b & d) | (c & d);
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t rotate(uint32_t a, uint32_t c)
+  {
+    return (a << c) | (a >> (32 - c));
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t swap(uint32_t x)
+  {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_bswap32(x);
+#endif
+#ifdef MSC_VER
+    return _byteswap_ulong(x);
+#endif
+
+    return (x >> 24) |
+          ((x >>  8) & 0x0000FF00) |
+          ((x <<  8) & 0x00FF0000) |
+           (x << 24);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process 64 bytes
+void SHA1::processBlock(const void* data)
+{
+  // get last hash
+  uint32_t a = m_hash[0];
+  uint32_t b = m_hash[1];
+  uint32_t c = m_hash[2];
+  uint32_t d = m_hash[3];
+  uint32_t e = m_hash[4];
+
+  // data represented as 16x 32-bit words
+  const uint32_t* input = (uint32_t*) data;
+  // convert to big endian
+  uint32_t words[80];
+  for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER != 0) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+    words[i] = input[i];
+#else
+    words[i] = swap(input[i]);
+#endif
+
+  // extend to 80 words
+  for (int i = 16; i < 80; i++)
+    words[i] = rotate(words[i-3] ^ words[i-8] ^ words[i-14] ^ words[i-16], 1);
+
+  // first round
+  for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+  {
+    int offset = 5*i;
+    e += rotate(a,5) + f1(b,c,d) + words[offset  ] + 0x5a827999; b = rotate(b,30);
+    d += rotate(e,5) + f1(a,b,c) + words[offset+1] + 0x5a827999; a = rotate(a,30);
+    c += rotate(d,5) + f1(e,a,b) + words[offset+2] + 0x5a827999; e = rotate(e,30);
+    b += rotate(c,5) + f1(d,e,a) + words[offset+3] + 0x5a827999; d = rotate(d,30);
+    a += rotate(b,5) + f1(c,d,e) + words[offset+4] + 0x5a827999; c = rotate(c,30);
+  }
+
+  // second round
+  for (int i = 4; i < 8; i++)
+  {
+    int offset = 5*i;
+    e += rotate(a,5) + f2(b,c,d) + words[offset  ] + 0x6ed9eba1; b = rotate(b,30);
+    d += rotate(e,5) + f2(a,b,c) + words[offset+1] + 0x6ed9eba1; a = rotate(a,30);
+    c += rotate(d,5) + f2(e,a,b) + words[offset+2] + 0x6ed9eba1; e = rotate(e,30);
+    b += rotate(c,5) + f2(d,e,a) + words[offset+3] + 0x6ed9eba1; d = rotate(d,30);
+    a += rotate(b,5) + f2(c,d,e) + words[offset+4] + 0x6ed9eba1; c = rotate(c,30);
+  }
+
+  // third round
+  for (int i = 8; i < 12; i++)
+  {
+    int offset = 5*i;
+    e += rotate(a,5) + f3(b,c,d) + words[offset  ] + 0x8f1bbcdc; b = rotate(b,30);
+    d += rotate(e,5) + f3(a,b,c) + words[offset+1] + 0x8f1bbcdc; a = rotate(a,30);
+    c += rotate(d,5) + f3(e,a,b) + words[offset+2] + 0x8f1bbcdc; e = rotate(e,30);
+    b += rotate(c,5) + f3(d,e,a) + words[offset+3] + 0x8f1bbcdc; d = rotate(d,30);
+    a += rotate(b,5) + f3(c,d,e) + words[offset+4] + 0x8f1bbcdc; c = rotate(c,30);
+  }
+
+  // fourth round
+  for (int i = 12; i < 16; i++)
+  {
+    int offset = 5*i;
+    e += rotate(a,5) + f2(b,c,d) + words[offset  ] + 0xca62c1d6; b = rotate(b,30);
+    d += rotate(e,5) + f2(a,b,c) + words[offset+1] + 0xca62c1d6; a = rotate(a,30);
+    c += rotate(d,5) + f2(e,a,b) + words[offset+2] + 0xca62c1d6; e = rotate(e,30);
+    b += rotate(c,5) + f2(d,e,a) + words[offset+3] + 0xca62c1d6; d = rotate(d,30);
+    a += rotate(b,5) + f2(c,d,e) + words[offset+4] + 0xca62c1d6; c = rotate(c,30);
+  }
+
+  // update hash
+  m_hash[0] += a;
+  m_hash[1] += b;
+  m_hash[2] += c;
+  m_hash[3] += d;
+  m_hash[4] += e;
+}
+
+
+/// add arbitrary number of bytes
+void SHA1::add(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  const uint8_t* current = (const uint8_t*) data;
+
+  if (m_bufferSize > 0)
+  {
+    while (numBytes > 0 && m_bufferSize < BlockSize)
+    {
+      m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+      numBytes--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // full buffer
+  if (m_bufferSize == BlockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock((void*)m_buffer);
+    m_numBytes  += BlockSize;
+    m_bufferSize = 0;
+  }
+
+  // no more data ?
+  if (numBytes == 0)
+    return;
+
+  // process full blocks
+  while (numBytes >= BlockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock(current);
+    current    += BlockSize;
+    m_numBytes += BlockSize;
+    numBytes   -= BlockSize;
+  }
+
+  // keep remaining bytes in buffer
+  while (numBytes > 0)
+  {
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+    numBytes--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process final block, less than 64 bytes
+void SHA1::processBuffer()
+{
+  // the input bytes are considered as bits strings, where the first bit is the most significant bit of the byte
+
+  // - append "1" bit to message
+  // - append "0" bits until message length in bit mod 512 is 448
+  // - append length as 64 bit integer
+
+  // number of bits
+  size_t paddedLength = m_bufferSize * 8;
+
+  // plus one bit set to 1 (always appended)
+  paddedLength++;
+
+  // number of bits must be (numBits % 512) = 448
+  size_t lower11Bits = paddedLength & 511;
+  if (lower11Bits <= 448)
+    paddedLength +=       448 - lower11Bits;
+  else
+    paddedLength += 512 + 448 - lower11Bits;
+  // convert from bits to bytes
+  paddedLength /= 8;
+
+  // only needed if additional data flows over into a second block
+  unsigned char extra[BlockSize];
+
+  // append a "1" bit, 128 => binary 10000000
+  if (m_bufferSize < BlockSize)
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize] = 128;
+  else
+    extra[0] = 128;
+
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = m_bufferSize + 1; i < BlockSize; i++)
+    m_buffer[i] = 0;
+  for (; i < paddedLength; i++)
+    extra[i - BlockSize] = 0;
+
+  // add message length in bits as 64 bit number
+  uint64_t msgBits = 8 * (m_numBytes + m_bufferSize);
+  // find right position
+  unsigned char* addLength;
+  if (paddedLength < BlockSize)
+    addLength = m_buffer + paddedLength;
+  else
+    addLength = extra + paddedLength - BlockSize;
+
+  // must be big endian
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 56) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 48) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 40) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 32) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 24) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >>  8) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength   = (unsigned char)( msgBits        & 0xFF);
+
+  // process blocks
+  processBlock(m_buffer);
+  // flowed over into a second block ?
+  if (paddedLength > BlockSize)
+    processBlock(extra);
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as 40 hex characters
+std::string SHA1::getHash()
+{
+  // compute hash (as raw bytes)
+  unsigned char rawHash[HashBytes];
+  getHash(rawHash);
+
+  // convert to hex string
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(2 * HashBytes);
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashBytes; i++)
+  {
+    static const char dec2hex[16+1] = "0123456789abcdef";
+    result += dec2hex[(rawHash[i] >> 4) & 15];
+    result += dec2hex[ rawHash[i]       & 15];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as bytes
+void SHA1::getHash(unsigned char buffer[SHA1::HashBytes])
+{
+  // save old hash if buffer is partially filled
+  uint32_t oldHash[HashValues];
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashValues; i++)
+    oldHash[i] = m_hash[i];
+
+  // process remaining bytes
+  processBuffer();
+
+  unsigned char* current = buffer;
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashValues; i++)
+  {
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >> 24) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >> 16) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >>  8) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ =  m_hash[i]        & 0xFF;
+
+    // restore old hash
+    m_hash[i] = oldHash[i];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// compute SHA1 of a memory block
+std::string SHA1::operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(data, numBytes);
+  return getHash();
+}
+
+
+/// compute SHA1 of a string, excluding final zero
+std::string SHA1::operator()(const std::string& text)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(text.c_str(), text.size());
+  return getHash();
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/sha1.h b/external/hash-library/sha1.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8eb00d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/sha1.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sha1.h
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+//#include "hash.h"
+#include <string>
+
+// define fixed size integer types
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Windows
+typedef unsigned __int8  uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+#else
+// GCC
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// compute SHA1 hash
+/** Usage:
+    SHA1 sha1;
+    std::string myHash  = sha1("Hello World");     // std::string
+    std::string myHash2 = sha1("How are you", 11); // arbitrary data, 11 bytes
+
+    // or in a streaming fashion:
+
+    SHA1 sha1;
+    while (more data available)
+      sha1.add(pointer to fresh data, number of new bytes);
+    std::string myHash3 = sha1.getHash();
+  */
+class SHA1 //: public Hash
+{
+public:
+  /// split into 64 byte blocks (=> 512 bits), hash is 20 bytes long
+  enum { BlockSize = 512 / 8, HashBytes = 20 };
+
+  /// same as reset()
+  SHA1();
+
+  /// compute SHA1 of a memory block
+  std::string operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+  /// compute SHA1 of a string, excluding final zero
+  std::string operator()(const std::string& text);
+
+  /// add arbitrary number of bytes
+  void add(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+
+  /// return latest hash as 40 hex characters
+  std::string getHash();
+  /// return latest hash as bytes
+  void        getHash(unsigned char buffer[HashBytes]);
+
+  /// restart
+  void reset();
+
+private:
+  /// process 64 bytes
+  void processBlock(const void* data);
+  /// process everything left in the internal buffer
+  void processBuffer();
+
+  /// size of processed data in bytes
+  uint64_t m_numBytes;
+  /// valid bytes in m_buffer
+  size_t   m_bufferSize;
+  /// bytes not processed yet
+  uint8_t  m_buffer[BlockSize];
+
+  enum { HashValues = HashBytes / 4 };
+  /// hash, stored as integers
+  uint32_t m_hash[HashValues];
+};
diff --git a/external/hash-library/sha256.cpp b/external/hash-library/sha256.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a600702
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/sha256.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,411 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sha256.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#include "sha256.h"
+
+// big endian architectures need #define __BYTE_ORDER __BIG_ENDIAN
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+//#include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// same as reset()
+SHA256::SHA256()
+{
+  reset();
+}
+
+
+/// restart
+void SHA256::reset()
+{
+  m_numBytes   = 0;
+  m_bufferSize = 0;
+
+  // according to RFC 1321
+  m_hash[0] = 0x6a09e667;
+  m_hash[1] = 0xbb67ae85;
+  m_hash[2] = 0x3c6ef372;
+  m_hash[3] = 0xa54ff53a;
+  m_hash[4] = 0x510e527f;
+  m_hash[5] = 0x9b05688c;
+  m_hash[6] = 0x1f83d9ab;
+  m_hash[7] = 0x5be0cd19;
+}
+
+
+namespace
+{
+  inline uint32_t rotate(uint32_t a, uint32_t c)
+  {
+    return (a >> c) | (a << (32 - c));
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t swap(uint32_t x)
+  {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_bswap32(x);
+#endif
+#ifdef MSC_VER
+    return _byteswap_ulong(x);
+#endif
+
+    return (x >> 24) |
+          ((x >>  8) & 0x0000FF00) |
+          ((x <<  8) & 0x00FF0000) |
+           (x << 24);
+  }
+
+  // mix functions for processBlock()
+  inline uint32_t f1(uint32_t e, uint32_t f, uint32_t g)
+  {
+    uint32_t term1 = rotate(e, 6) ^ rotate(e, 11) ^ rotate(e, 25);
+    uint32_t term2 = (e & f) ^ (~e & g); //(g ^ (e & (f ^ g)))
+    return term1 + term2;
+  }
+
+  inline uint32_t f2(uint32_t a, uint32_t b, uint32_t c)
+  {
+    uint32_t term1 = rotate(a, 2) ^ rotate(a, 13) ^ rotate(a, 22);
+    uint32_t term2 = ((a | b) & c) | (a & b); //(a & (b ^ c)) ^ (b & c);
+    return term1 + term2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process 64 bytes
+void SHA256::processBlock(const void* data)
+{
+  // get last hash
+  uint32_t a = m_hash[0];
+  uint32_t b = m_hash[1];
+  uint32_t c = m_hash[2];
+  uint32_t d = m_hash[3];
+  uint32_t e = m_hash[4];
+  uint32_t f = m_hash[5];
+  uint32_t g = m_hash[6];
+  uint32_t h = m_hash[7];
+
+  // data represented as 16x 32-bit words
+  const uint32_t* input = (uint32_t*) data;
+  // convert to big endian
+  uint32_t words[64];
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER != 0) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+    words[i] =      input[i];
+#else
+    words[i] = swap(input[i]);
+#endif
+
+  uint32_t x,y; // temporaries
+
+  // first round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0x428a2f98 + words[ 0]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0x71374491 + words[ 1]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0xb5c0fbcf + words[ 2]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0xe9b5dba5 + words[ 3]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0x3956c25b + words[ 4]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0x59f111f1 + words[ 5]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0x923f82a4 + words[ 6]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0xab1c5ed5 + words[ 7]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // secound round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0xd807aa98 + words[ 8]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0x12835b01 + words[ 9]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0x243185be + words[10]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0x550c7dc3 + words[11]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0x72be5d74 + words[12]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0x80deb1fe + words[13]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0x9bdc06a7 + words[14]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0xc19bf174 + words[15]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // extend to 24 words
+  for (; i < 24; i++)
+    words[i] = words[i-16] +
+               (rotate(words[i-15],  7) ^ rotate(words[i-15], 18) ^ (words[i-15] >>  3)) +
+               words[i-7] +
+               (rotate(words[i- 2], 17) ^ rotate(words[i- 2], 19) ^ (words[i- 2] >> 10));
+
+  // third round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0xe49b69c1 + words[16]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0xefbe4786 + words[17]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0x0fc19dc6 + words[18]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0x240ca1cc + words[19]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0x2de92c6f + words[20]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0x4a7484aa + words[21]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0x5cb0a9dc + words[22]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0x76f988da + words[23]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // extend to 32 words
+  for (; i < 32; i++)
+    words[i] = words[i-16] +
+               (rotate(words[i-15],  7) ^ rotate(words[i-15], 18) ^ (words[i-15] >>  3)) +
+               words[i-7] +
+               (rotate(words[i- 2], 17) ^ rotate(words[i- 2], 19) ^ (words[i- 2] >> 10));
+
+  // fourth round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0x983e5152 + words[24]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0xa831c66d + words[25]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0xb00327c8 + words[26]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0xbf597fc7 + words[27]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0xc6e00bf3 + words[28]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0xd5a79147 + words[29]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0x06ca6351 + words[30]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0x14292967 + words[31]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // extend to 40 words
+  for (; i < 40; i++)
+    words[i] = words[i-16] +
+               (rotate(words[i-15],  7) ^ rotate(words[i-15], 18) ^ (words[i-15] >>  3)) +
+               words[i-7] +
+               (rotate(words[i- 2], 17) ^ rotate(words[i- 2], 19) ^ (words[i- 2] >> 10));
+
+  // fifth round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0x27b70a85 + words[32]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0x2e1b2138 + words[33]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0x4d2c6dfc + words[34]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0x53380d13 + words[35]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0x650a7354 + words[36]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0x766a0abb + words[37]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0x81c2c92e + words[38]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0x92722c85 + words[39]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // extend to 48 words
+  for (; i < 48; i++)
+    words[i] = words[i-16] +
+               (rotate(words[i-15],  7) ^ rotate(words[i-15], 18) ^ (words[i-15] >>  3)) +
+               words[i-7] +
+               (rotate(words[i- 2], 17) ^ rotate(words[i- 2], 19) ^ (words[i- 2] >> 10));
+
+  // sixth round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0xa2bfe8a1 + words[40]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0xa81a664b + words[41]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0xc24b8b70 + words[42]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0xc76c51a3 + words[43]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0xd192e819 + words[44]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0xd6990624 + words[45]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0xf40e3585 + words[46]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0x106aa070 + words[47]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // extend to 56 words
+  for (; i < 56; i++)
+    words[i] = words[i-16] +
+               (rotate(words[i-15],  7) ^ rotate(words[i-15], 18) ^ (words[i-15] >>  3)) +
+               words[i-7] +
+               (rotate(words[i- 2], 17) ^ rotate(words[i- 2], 19) ^ (words[i- 2] >> 10));
+
+  // seventh round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0x19a4c116 + words[48]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0x1e376c08 + words[49]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0x2748774c + words[50]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0x34b0bcb5 + words[51]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0x391c0cb3 + words[52]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0x4ed8aa4a + words[53]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0x5b9cca4f + words[54]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0x682e6ff3 + words[55]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // extend to 64 words
+  for (; i < 64; i++)
+    words[i] = words[i-16] +
+               (rotate(words[i-15],  7) ^ rotate(words[i-15], 18) ^ (words[i-15] >>  3)) +
+               words[i-7] +
+               (rotate(words[i- 2], 17) ^ rotate(words[i- 2], 19) ^ (words[i- 2] >> 10));
+
+  // eigth round
+  x = h + f1(e,f,g) + 0x748f82ee + words[56]; y = f2(a,b,c); d += x; h = x + y;
+  x = g + f1(d,e,f) + 0x78a5636f + words[57]; y = f2(h,a,b); c += x; g = x + y;
+  x = f + f1(c,d,e) + 0x84c87814 + words[58]; y = f2(g,h,a); b += x; f = x + y;
+  x = e + f1(b,c,d) + 0x8cc70208 + words[59]; y = f2(f,g,h); a += x; e = x + y;
+  x = d + f1(a,b,c) + 0x90befffa + words[60]; y = f2(e,f,g); h += x; d = x + y;
+  x = c + f1(h,a,b) + 0xa4506ceb + words[61]; y = f2(d,e,f); g += x; c = x + y;
+  x = b + f1(g,h,a) + 0xbef9a3f7 + words[62]; y = f2(c,d,e); f += x; b = x + y;
+  x = a + f1(f,g,h) + 0xc67178f2 + words[63]; y = f2(b,c,d); e += x; a = x + y;
+
+  // update hash
+  m_hash[0] += a;
+  m_hash[1] += b;
+  m_hash[2] += c;
+  m_hash[3] += d;
+  m_hash[4] += e;
+  m_hash[5] += f;
+  m_hash[6] += g;
+  m_hash[7] += h;
+}
+
+
+/// add arbitrary number of bytes
+void SHA256::add(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  const uint8_t* current = (const uint8_t*) data;
+
+  if (m_bufferSize > 0)
+  {
+    while (numBytes > 0 && m_bufferSize < BlockSize)
+    {
+      m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+      numBytes--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // full buffer
+  if (m_bufferSize == BlockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock(m_buffer);
+    m_numBytes  += BlockSize;
+    m_bufferSize = 0;
+  }
+
+  // no more data ?
+  if (numBytes == 0)
+    return;
+
+  // process full blocks
+  while (numBytes >= BlockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock(current);
+    current    += BlockSize;
+    m_numBytes += BlockSize;
+    numBytes   -= BlockSize;
+  }
+
+  // keep remaining bytes in buffer
+  while (numBytes > 0)
+  {
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+    numBytes--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process final block, less than 64 bytes
+void SHA256::processBuffer()
+{
+  // the input bytes are considered as bits strings, where the first bit is the most significant bit of the byte
+
+  // - append "1" bit to message
+  // - append "0" bits until message length in bit mod 512 is 448
+  // - append length as 64 bit integer
+
+  // number of bits
+  size_t paddedLength = m_bufferSize * 8;
+
+  // plus one bit set to 1 (always appended)
+  paddedLength++;
+
+  // number of bits must be (numBits % 512) = 448
+  size_t lower11Bits = paddedLength & 511;
+  if (lower11Bits <= 448)
+    paddedLength +=       448 - lower11Bits;
+  else
+    paddedLength += 512 + 448 - lower11Bits;
+  // convert from bits to bytes
+  paddedLength /= 8;
+
+  // only needed if additional data flows over into a second block
+  unsigned char extra[BlockSize];
+
+  // append a "1" bit, 128 => binary 10000000
+  if (m_bufferSize < BlockSize)
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize] = 128;
+  else
+    extra[0] = 128;
+
+  size_t i;
+  for (i = m_bufferSize + 1; i < BlockSize; i++)
+    m_buffer[i] = 0;
+  for (; i < paddedLength; i++)
+    extra[i - BlockSize] = 0;
+
+  // add message length in bits as 64 bit number
+  uint64_t msgBits = 8 * (m_numBytes + m_bufferSize);
+  // find right position
+  unsigned char* addLength;
+  if (paddedLength < BlockSize)
+    addLength = m_buffer + paddedLength;
+  else
+    addLength = extra + paddedLength - BlockSize;
+
+  // must be big endian
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 56) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 48) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 40) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 32) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 24) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >> 16) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength++ = (unsigned char)((msgBits >>  8) & 0xFF);
+  *addLength   = (unsigned char)( msgBits        & 0xFF);
+
+  // process blocks
+  processBlock(m_buffer);
+  // flowed over into a second block ?
+  if (paddedLength > BlockSize)
+    processBlock(extra);
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as 64 hex characters
+std::string SHA256::getHash()
+{
+  // compute hash (as raw bytes)
+  unsigned char rawHash[HashBytes];
+  getHash(rawHash);
+
+  // convert to hex string
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(2 * HashBytes);
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashBytes; i++)
+  {
+    static const char dec2hex[16+1] = "0123456789abcdef";
+    result += dec2hex[(rawHash[i] >> 4) & 15];
+    result += dec2hex[ rawHash[i]       & 15];
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as bytes
+void SHA256::getHash(unsigned char buffer[SHA256::HashBytes])
+{
+  // save old hash if buffer is partially filled
+  uint32_t oldHash[HashValues];
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashValues; i++)
+    oldHash[i] = m_hash[i];
+
+  // process remaining bytes
+  processBuffer();
+
+  unsigned char* current = buffer;
+  for (int i = 0; i < HashValues; i++)
+  {
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >> 24) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >> 16) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ = (m_hash[i] >>  8) & 0xFF;
+    *current++ =  m_hash[i]        & 0xFF;
+
+    // restore old hash
+    m_hash[i] = oldHash[i];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// compute SHA256 of a memory block
+std::string SHA256::operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(data, numBytes);
+  return getHash();
+}
+
+
+/// compute SHA256 of a string, excluding final zero
+std::string SHA256::operator()(const std::string& text)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(text.c_str(), text.size());
+  return getHash();
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/sha256.h b/external/hash-library/sha256.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aeaf314
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/sha256.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sha256.h
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+//#include "hash.h"
+#include <string>
+
+// define fixed size integer types
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Windows
+typedef unsigned __int8  uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+#else
+// GCC
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// compute SHA256 hash
+/** Usage:
+    SHA256 sha256;
+    std::string myHash  = sha256("Hello World");     // std::string
+    std::string myHash2 = sha256("How are you", 11); // arbitrary data, 11 bytes
+
+    // or in a streaming fashion:
+
+    SHA256 sha256;
+    while (more data available)
+      sha256.add(pointer to fresh data, number of new bytes);
+    std::string myHash3 = sha256.getHash();
+  */
+class SHA256 //: public Hash
+{
+public:
+  /// split into 64 byte blocks (=> 512 bits), hash is 32 bytes long
+  enum { BlockSize = 512 / 8, HashBytes = 32 };
+
+  /// same as reset()
+  SHA256();
+
+  /// compute SHA256 of a memory block
+  std::string operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+  /// compute SHA256 of a string, excluding final zero
+  std::string operator()(const std::string& text);
+
+  /// add arbitrary number of bytes
+  void add(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+
+  /// return latest hash as 64 hex characters
+  std::string getHash();
+  /// return latest hash as bytes
+  void        getHash(unsigned char buffer[HashBytes]);
+
+  /// restart
+  void reset();
+
+private:
+  /// process 64 bytes
+  void processBlock(const void* data);
+  /// process everything left in the internal buffer
+  void processBuffer();
+
+  /// size of processed data in bytes
+  uint64_t m_numBytes;
+  /// valid bytes in m_buffer
+  size_t   m_bufferSize;
+  /// bytes not processed yet
+  uint8_t  m_buffer[BlockSize];
+
+  enum { HashValues = HashBytes / 4 };
+  /// hash, stored as integers
+  uint32_t m_hash[HashValues];
+};
diff --git a/external/hash-library/sha3.cpp b/external/hash-library/sha3.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..139abc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/sha3.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sha3.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#include "sha3.h"
+
+// big endian architectures need #define __BYTE_ORDER __BIG_ENDIAN
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+//#include <endian.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// same as reset()
+SHA3::SHA3(Bits bits)
+: m_blockSize(200 - 2 * (bits / 8)),
+  m_bits(bits)
+{
+  reset();
+}
+
+
+/// restart
+void SHA3::reset()
+{
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < StateSize; i++)
+    m_hash[i] = 0;
+
+  m_numBytes   = 0;
+  m_bufferSize = 0;
+}
+
+
+/// constants and local helper functions
+namespace
+{
+  const unsigned int Rounds = 24;
+  const uint64_t XorMasks[Rounds] =
+  {
+    0x0000000000000001ULL, 0x0000000000008082ULL, 0x800000000000808aULL,
+    0x8000000080008000ULL, 0x000000000000808bULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL,
+    0x8000000080008081ULL, 0x8000000000008009ULL, 0x000000000000008aULL,
+    0x0000000000000088ULL, 0x0000000080008009ULL, 0x000000008000000aULL,
+    0x000000008000808bULL, 0x800000000000008bULL, 0x8000000000008089ULL,
+    0x8000000000008003ULL, 0x8000000000008002ULL, 0x8000000000000080ULL,
+    0x000000000000800aULL, 0x800000008000000aULL, 0x8000000080008081ULL,
+    0x8000000000008080ULL, 0x0000000080000001ULL, 0x8000000080008008ULL
+  };
+
+  /// rotate left and wrap around to the right
+  inline uint64_t rotateLeft(uint64_t x, uint8_t numBits)
+  {
+    return (x << numBits) | (x >> (64 - numBits));
+  }
+
+  /// convert litte vs big endian
+  inline uint64_t swap(uint64_t x)
+  {
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+    return __builtin_bswap64(x);
+#endif
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    return _byteswap_uint64(x);
+#endif
+
+    return  (x >> 56) |
+           ((x >> 40) & 0x000000000000FF00ULL) |
+           ((x >> 24) & 0x0000000000FF0000ULL) |
+           ((x >>  8) & 0x00000000FF000000ULL) |
+           ((x <<  8) & 0x000000FF00000000ULL) |
+           ((x << 24) & 0x0000FF0000000000ULL) |
+           ((x << 40) & 0x00FF000000000000ULL) |
+            (x << 56);
+  }
+
+
+  /// return x % 5 for 0 <= x <= 9
+  unsigned int mod5(unsigned int x)
+  {
+    if (x < 5)
+      return x;
+
+    return x - 5;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process a full block
+void SHA3::processBlock(const void* data)
+{
+#if defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && (__BYTE_ORDER != 0) && (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+#define LITTLEENDIAN(x) swap(x)
+#else
+#define LITTLEENDIAN(x) (x)
+#endif
+
+  const uint64_t* data64 = (const uint64_t*) data;
+  // mix data into state
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < m_blockSize / 8; i++)
+    m_hash[i] ^= LITTLEENDIAN(data64[i]);
+
+  // re-compute state
+  for (unsigned int round = 0; round < Rounds; round++)
+  {
+    // Theta
+    uint64_t coefficients[5];
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+      coefficients[i] = m_hash[i] ^ m_hash[i + 5] ^ m_hash[i + 10] ^ m_hash[i + 15] ^ m_hash[i + 20];
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    {
+      uint64_t one = coefficients[mod5(i + 4)] ^ rotateLeft(coefficients[mod5(i + 1)], 1);
+      m_hash[i     ] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i +  5] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i + 10] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i + 15] ^= one;
+      m_hash[i + 20] ^= one;
+    }
+
+    // temporary
+    uint64_t one;
+
+    // Rho Pi
+    uint64_t last = m_hash[1];
+    one = m_hash[10]; m_hash[10] = rotateLeft(last,  1); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 7]; m_hash[ 7] = rotateLeft(last,  3); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[11]; m_hash[11] = rotateLeft(last,  6); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[17]; m_hash[17] = rotateLeft(last, 10); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[18]; m_hash[18] = rotateLeft(last, 15); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 3]; m_hash[ 3] = rotateLeft(last, 21); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 5]; m_hash[ 5] = rotateLeft(last, 28); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[16]; m_hash[16] = rotateLeft(last, 36); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 8]; m_hash[ 8] = rotateLeft(last, 45); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[21]; m_hash[21] = rotateLeft(last, 55); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[24]; m_hash[24] = rotateLeft(last,  2); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 4]; m_hash[ 4] = rotateLeft(last, 14); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[15]; m_hash[15] = rotateLeft(last, 27); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[23]; m_hash[23] = rotateLeft(last, 41); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[19]; m_hash[19] = rotateLeft(last, 56); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[13]; m_hash[13] = rotateLeft(last,  8); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[12]; m_hash[12] = rotateLeft(last, 25); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 2]; m_hash[ 2] = rotateLeft(last, 43); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[20]; m_hash[20] = rotateLeft(last, 62); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[14]; m_hash[14] = rotateLeft(last, 18); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[22]; m_hash[22] = rotateLeft(last, 39); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 9]; m_hash[ 9] = rotateLeft(last, 61); last = one;
+    one = m_hash[ 6]; m_hash[ 6] = rotateLeft(last, 20); last = one;
+                      m_hash[ 1] = rotateLeft(last, 44);
+
+    // Chi
+    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 25; j += 5)
+    {
+      // temporaries
+      uint64_t one = m_hash[j];
+      uint64_t two = m_hash[j + 1];
+
+      m_hash[j]     ^= m_hash[j + 2] & ~two;
+      m_hash[j + 1] ^= m_hash[j + 3] & ~m_hash[j + 2];
+      m_hash[j + 2] ^= m_hash[j + 4] & ~m_hash[j + 3];
+      m_hash[j + 3] ^=      one      & ~m_hash[j + 4];
+      m_hash[j + 4] ^=      two      & ~one;
+    }
+
+    // Iota
+    m_hash[0] ^= XorMasks[round];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// add arbitrary number of bytes
+void SHA3::add(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  const uint8_t* current = (const uint8_t*) data;
+
+  // copy data to buffer
+  if (m_bufferSize > 0)
+  {
+    while (numBytes > 0 && m_bufferSize < m_blockSize)
+    {
+      m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+      numBytes--;
+    }
+  }
+
+  // full buffer
+  if (m_bufferSize == m_blockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock((void*)m_buffer);
+    m_numBytes  += m_blockSize;
+    m_bufferSize = 0;
+  }
+
+  // no more data ?
+  if (numBytes == 0)
+    return;
+
+  // process full blocks
+  while (numBytes >= m_blockSize)
+  {
+    processBlock(current);
+    current    += m_blockSize;
+    m_numBytes += m_blockSize;
+    numBytes   -= m_blockSize;
+  }
+
+  // keep remaining bytes in buffer
+  while (numBytes > 0)
+  {
+    m_buffer[m_bufferSize++] = *current++;
+    numBytes--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/// process everything left in the internal buffer
+void SHA3::processBuffer()
+{
+  // add padding
+  size_t offset = m_bufferSize;
+  // add a "1" byte
+  m_buffer[offset++] = 0x06;
+  // fill with zeros
+  while (offset < m_blockSize)
+    m_buffer[offset++] = 0;
+
+  // and add a single set bit
+  m_buffer[offset - 1] |= 0x80;
+
+  processBlock(m_buffer);
+}
+
+
+/// return latest hash as 16 hex characters
+std::string SHA3::getHash()
+{
+  // process remaining bytes
+  processBuffer();
+
+  // convert hash to string
+  static const char dec2hex[16 + 1] = "0123456789abcdef";
+
+  // number of significant elements in hash (uint64_t)
+  unsigned int hashLength = m_bits / 64;
+
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(m_bits / 4);
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < hashLength; i++)
+    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 8; j++) // 64 bits => 8 bytes
+    {
+      // convert a byte to hex
+      unsigned char oneByte = (unsigned char) (m_hash[i] >> (8 * j));
+      result += dec2hex[oneByte >> 4];
+      result += dec2hex[oneByte & 15];
+    }
+
+  // SHA3-224's last entry in m_hash provides only 32 bits instead of 64 bits
+  unsigned int remainder = m_bits - hashLength * 64;
+  unsigned int processed = 0;
+  while (processed < remainder)
+  {
+    // convert a byte to hex
+    unsigned char oneByte = (unsigned char) (m_hash[hashLength] >> processed);
+    result += dec2hex[oneByte >> 4];
+    result += dec2hex[oneByte & 15];
+
+    processed += 8;
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+/// compute SHA3 of a memory block
+std::string SHA3::operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(data, numBytes);
+  return getHash();
+}
+
+
+/// compute SHA3 of a string, excluding final zero
+std::string SHA3::operator()(const std::string& text)
+{
+  reset();
+  add(text.c_str(), text.size());
+  return getHash();
+}
diff --git a/external/hash-library/sha3.h b/external/hash-library/sha3.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31c0bc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/sha3.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// sha3.h
+// Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+//#include "hash.h"
+#include <string>
+
+// define fixed size integer types
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+// Windows
+typedef unsigned __int8  uint8_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+#else
+// GCC
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+
+/// compute SHA3 hash
+/** Usage:
+    SHA3 sha3;
+    std::string myHash  = sha3("Hello World");     // std::string
+    std::string myHash2 = sha3("How are you", 11); // arbitrary data, 11 bytes
+
+    // or in a streaming fashion:
+
+    SHA3 sha3;
+    while (more data available)
+      sha3.add(pointer to fresh data, number of new bytes);
+    std::string myHash3 = sha3.getHash();
+  */
+class SHA3 //: public Hash
+{
+public:
+  /// algorithm variants
+  enum Bits { Bits224 = 224, Bits256 = 256, Bits384 = 384, Bits512 = 512 };
+
+  /// same as reset()
+  explicit SHA3(Bits bits = Bits256);
+
+  /// compute hash of a memory block
+  std::string operator()(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+  /// compute hash of a string, excluding final zero
+  std::string operator()(const std::string& text);
+
+  /// add arbitrary number of bytes
+  void add(const void* data, size_t numBytes);
+
+  /// return latest hash as hex characters
+  std::string getHash();
+
+  /// restart
+  void reset();
+
+private:
+  /// process a full block
+  void processBlock(const void* data);
+  /// process everything left in the internal buffer
+  void processBuffer();
+
+  /// 1600 bits, stored as 25x64 bit, BlockSize is no more than 1152 bits (Keccak224)
+  enum { StateSize    = 1600 / (8 * 8),
+         MaxBlockSize =  200 - 2 * (224 / 8) };
+
+  /// hash
+  uint64_t m_hash[StateSize];
+  /// size of processed data in bytes
+  uint64_t m_numBytes;
+  /// block size (less or equal to MaxBlockSize)
+  size_t   m_blockSize;
+  /// valid bytes in m_buffer
+  size_t   m_bufferSize;
+  /// bytes not processed yet
+  uint8_t  m_buffer[MaxBlockSize];
+  /// variant
+  Bits     m_bits;
+};
diff --git a/external/hash-library/tests/tests.cpp b/external/hash-library/tests/tests.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..486b1ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/hash-library/tests/tests.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// tests.cpp
+// Copyright (c) 2015 Stephan Brumme. All rights reserved.
+// see http://create.stephan-brumme.com/disclaimer.html
+//
+
+// simple test suite for hash-library
+// g++ tests.cpp ../crc32.cpp ../md5.cpp ../sha1.cpp ../sha256.cpp ../sha3.cpp -o tests && ./tests
+
+#include "../crc32.h"
+#include "../md5.h"
+#include "../sha1.h"
+#include "../sha256.h"
+#include "../sha3.h"
+#include "../keccak.h"
+
+#include "../hmac.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <iostream>
+
+
+struct TestSet
+{
+  const char* input;
+  const char* crc32b;
+  const char* md5;
+  const char* sha1;
+  const char* sha256;
+  const char* sha3_256;
+};
+
+const size_t NumTests = 100;
+TestSet testset[NumTests] =
+{ // generated by PHP script, SHA3 vectors from https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gvanas/KeccakCodePackage/master/TestVectors/ShortMsgKAT_SHA3-256.txt
+  /*
+    $lines = file("ShortMsgKAT_SHA3-256.txt");
+    for ($i = 1; $i <= 100; $i++)
+    {
+      $hex  = trim(strtolower(substr($lines[8 * 4 * $i + 3], 6)));
+      $sha3 = trim(strtolower(substr($lines[8 * 4 * $i + 4], 5)));
+
+      $msg = hex2bin($hex);
+      echo "{ \"$hex\", \"".
+           hash("crc32b", $msg).'", "'.
+           hash("md5",    $msg).'", "'.
+           hash("sha1",   $msg).'", "'.
+           hash("sha256", $msg).'", "'.
+           "$sha3\" }, // $i\n";
+    }
+  */
+
+  { "cc", "40d06116", "a2e970f170961ce879190d64982c94ec", "a6f57425137e9aa54537f0b3f5364ce165aedb0a", "1dd8312636f6a0bf3d21fa2855e63072507453e93a5ced4301b364e91c9d87d6", "677035391cd3701293d385f037ba32796252bb7ce180b00b582dd9b20aaad7f0" }, // 1
+  { "41fb", "82d4472f", "70d3e9af7232e67b6b6f3e71f7399438", "a6a5d330d9928b452ca7e34e946c52ea4f6eaa15", "0f8fa28112230a7a0b3cabcb64d37bd38f5023b1391e38f89a9b29f32b0aefbc", "39f31b6e653dfcd9caed2602fd87f61b6254f581312fb6eeec4d7148fa2e72aa" }, // 2
+  { "1f877c", "c54a0ec4", "f7ac37ba79246d6a36b49c0993791110", "d17212f7dbfa31d10b68d480bc91cd3e1596be86", "ab0213910396c8d94cbf3b6c97de1fc97fc55cea4b6b6cc25ea4b71e7e7bc28c", "bc22345e4bd3f792a341cf18ac0789f1c9c966712a501b19d1b6632ccd408ec5" }, // 3
+  { "c1ecfdfc", "5a545e7c", "af9116916ca42299e557e55cfa3e1591", "dc148b935ff1614ba17bdbad6e5392179e412f0d", "7df4925396138971f4a733680107ce202c5c5991dbc8737ad07eb4da85a06f85", "c5859be82560cc8789133f7c834a6ee628e351e504e601e8059a0667ff62c124" }, // 4
+  { "21f134ac57", "d086fa95", "29057856dd5548ac8c1cca4b27489449", "404be2d420abc459707149bb79c8065aded00e7e", "a0ba0190c23bf1140cf5bf5a07e1140df55389792283bb6a8b5867a539ac7931", "55bd9224af4eed0d121149e37ff4d7dd5be24bd9fbe56e0171e87db7a6f4e06d" }, // 5
+  { "c6f50bb74e29", "cdff1654", "d175ad6887766bf159f1bde8e514465a", "6685c62b13f7fc0703fd246c050a19cce98fcd97", "e2c0a1c005c4aa91ad89e509b603c5c0f474a18df291e5ca378725a9ad76fb09", "ae0cbc757d4ab088e172abfd8746289950f92d38a25295658dbf744b5635af04" }, // 6
+  { "119713cc83eeef", "54465641", "27e281ab44bce27391bc7cee7b0f3437", "1fcd96a8c76f4d884c744bf840507acfe646ff76", "96e043b747fa1737d63d83b898987d3e70c816175a50333077ce4e7602255975", "e340c9a44373efcc212f3cb66a047ac34c87ff1c58c4a14b16a2bfc34698bb1d" }, // 7
+  { "4a4f202484512526", "696ab8df", "90ea55f66c4b5239df52b05349455037", "928a171eacc5698811ef2992712458a9fa043955", "1b1c9bf7e050805714c81c03a05a6961e924bbaca37cb5b9998cb46bb2be4fa5", "ba4fb009d57a5ceb85fc64d54e5c55a55854b41cc47ad15294bc41f32165dfba" }, // 8
+  { "1f66ab4185ed9b6375", "c0b622ae", "164a8c44008d14028fae0cf7b9d566aa", "8b81a9a58e987edb923fe6118ca6099cb71ad55a", "0eb3c0f5f345bd6cf98cf870886abc1817a0c5dde08d62f870a6b4a006979ee3", "b9886ef905c8bdd272eda8298865e0769869f1c964460d1aa9d7a0c687707ccd" }, // 9
+  { "eed7422227613b6f53c9", "2029782c", "e57498c9318a515fcd8980dc319aa10a", "261830dfe450e4d58e5315cb0cb9d31c725cc406", "9758c2ee9d9782c6a3e60b394b16837689ab6f13c4157d45fc6ee7597a59448f", "fab8f88d3191e21a725b21c63a02cad3fa7c450ef8584b94cfa382f393422455" }, // 10
+  { "eaeed5cdffd89dece455f1", "42fcfb29", "5e49b16a26a63aef2912956918f6a919", "c0507f76cea3e4d46edf256d49fe0ccf0ec2145a", "0a5f39f0e909a63bc93a76a21e94d62a0451d9f8123ecc5a59e5bd240b2850b0", "9363acd3f48bb91a8998aa0e8df75c971770a16a71e7d2334409734cd7d0a9ee" }, // 11
+  { "5be43c90f22902e4fe8ed2d3", "4fbb1441", "e907bfc096655d56d3799b422f0ddd16", "f089f569228795551af51bbff935ac0e6b625c78", "c6057a042954e08be906ff710b042dbf6352f8b958b8ade708439063710bb5e2", "16932f6f65deaad5780e25ab410c66b0e4198eba9f4ed1a25ee24f7879faefe2" }, // 12
+  { "a746273228122f381c3b46e4f1", "ad022e12", "ae0549cbb3704b5d2d1f18dbbc159de4", "2b269ce05fc8392c0333f8d1aec8ce32ed969e32", "7c48389c069dedf88be6534d34dfc20c109ce40788b96ddebc1e9209c0ca49de", "1c28100e0ef50671c7ea3e024fa3ba9da2ebddb4de264c3a2426c36ad3f91c61" }, // 13
+  { "3c5871cd619c69a63b540eb5a625", "1ca57d8b", "c4d0ef66c3ddc1f3ee998de21e6834ec", "88b2b64f3ada91ed6cd29e80b8c67e2cd6ff555a", "82af41b707f8336fadc9fdbfc00b50d11a27b46e1e022ed4865896dca259377d", "8183be4875fab7ec5f99ed94f5f900cf1d6b953d8f71e1e7cc008687980e613a" }, // 14
+  { "fa22874bcc068879e8ef11a69f0722", "0e69af1c", "3af22d0558d6cb039e164bb47bc48265", "46234cafafbce55281c87102559f47450976bb08", "f479cdfa3488c4d8e44c8e10167a54cbc1142a7a75bb5a0ee6aa647a93a65d0f", "3b1a6d21fe44691dac4eb7c593a6d8523cb606e63cf00e94d711a574248daca5" }, // 15
+  { "52a608ab21ccdd8a4457a57ede782176", "1ccb278f", "72d4071b78731c61b61076067f3ef40b", "2d64a7c42ce0cb8dae2617effd031b5fe328eef6", "7ae441ed62ba0263f194386043ac4ba452bc593a5a9ad001da5c70ddc533abb1", "2c7e7cb356fdc68ec8927e499d2a6bae2b781817919c829ebbe8225baed46967" }, // 16
+  { "82e192e4043ddcd12ecf52969d0f807eed", "4e448a12", "e880a1c8344c01c1aede282f4a0c6930", "f4c49546bb55bfadddb0e8f0c14add76039250ce", "b06558895e83f861bcdc2556f7e6377468341b352745caf2605df544275e9949", "c7b12eff692d842110cc39ac60616707acb3f9b0f1cb361b94577efc529ca26c" }, // 17
+  { "75683dcb556140c522543bb6e9098b21a21e", "4b50b9e1", "9b92909591db3d4957047c6bb3c06880", "bb479acce571cec0775532af7c7b19c2a719456d", "7da11d5a5c7e39d51d7509bd8f5819f7110a3f7aecaf314cf7d6a5943e70ac66", "493ebaebc04776f4e067555afa09b58c850fdf1b0e22d4bf006ce41c091dc762" }, // 18
+  { "06e4efe45035e61faaf4287b4d8d1f12ca97e5", "45cad288", "b1f1c44c82ba049a4f540e0206cdd045", "82c2585cbecc9ade3bd64895a84a85bb97952e43", "0b9e07de6287032320423371a8ee66e149ae208e248587443e122c9f8cc600fb", "1d01f3120ecfbdd28dce44317666cf864f52391b9eca3843db45667c2e0a98ad" }, // 19
+  { "e26193989d06568fe688e75540aea06747d9f851", "1a5edc0e", "9e0e0f99c95fa883fc65e74bc94149e5", "bdfd2785148f71a6ac5790d3e65cb7638a3efdc6", "e88d019b09a378a39bd5bfa33215c358303c7f13004ce3a12650aa70d01b8ca0", "2c1e61e5d45203f27b86f1293a80bab34192daf42b8623b12005b2fb1c18acb1" }, // 20
+  { "d8dc8fdefbdce9d44e4cbafe78447bae3b5436102a", "2803f7c6", "2c6e363d11a7a5d810dce54d3e28c409", "3ac65fbaceb1591da5b96bfa50c825e7e7c61a20", "fdfa03e288a4af6d325049bfc4b76e9c8178321d484ae88fb1025d26bef78679", "ad0e3f29767067e929d1cecd95582df8f2a9beb92eaa27eeb315f620365a9244" }, // 21
+  { "57085fd7e14216ab102d8317b0cb338a786d5fc32d8f", "64ba010b", "92ca1e70af2d4926eaca1acb0a7204da", "88ba72d3f7331c8235bfac25f0af1fce30534676", "a05e71cd70727ee68b029f36bdd7838dc3c69bbdb956c21b68dfa439421af5f9", "2b4eb5de20e86074cabb55bfa63a5c8c6ae15679302061845b9cf233e17c906b" }, // 22
+  { "a05404df5dbb57697e2c16fa29defac8ab3560d6126fa0", "53948692", "1ca08b8e52e2d6956504aeeb4175d98c", "1c3329ab472a203c11a74936c786177462822bd8", "7ea63cd84b9f0b9ce4daf224835d06e029a4601eeb5a37496799a3d84ed42f8d", "6ae04c6c6f3651f1f64c0ad69733990b41747c93f87acb813bb25bb1fc0eff07" }, // 23
+  { "aecbb02759f7433d6fcb06963c74061cd83b5b3ffa6f13c6", "5e55297b", "f9715ac28f13a90a4dfb017aee4dd9b1", "76538ebb720710421b935ce23fbe37543e090cb6", "19045e899afc4a35967ca5c7970a5b0ddc99f70f69716dcf62c46825be0aa457", "40f9f55bc55da466bc3dc1f89835a64094572de73d64ed6646a1d3b667be70a9" }, // 24
+  { "aafdc9243d3d4a096558a360cc27c8d862f0be73db5e88aa55", "f7f32407", "6d71d851e6fc1cc3a44be9c16e546cb9", "e294d8908f122b8d7ccfc1223058636eb276d405", "4c8487b6a2561455e1535c1462722c1042fe2f478ead5a6f65f39bad004cab59", "c64becf7b75fc885d5853924f2b7d37abcefd3da126bb817697e1a09152b1ebe" }, // 25
+  { "7bc84867f6f9e9fdc3e1046cae3a52c77ed485860ee260e30b15", "edbb117c", "8a104d5ba0f66e66042486f7e106fe87", "a1a306755332086effbf26d6c20af9b50e415285", "8c41fa0b07f82b9cd0026de7e38059680f69f2d20f426596e88b4d800aa638b2", "57d46a6bc8fab33601538dad27f98c66443032cc3912434c28eb88d0af44c52c" }, // 26
+  { "fac523575a99ec48279a7a459e98ff901918a475034327efb55843", "39f0e9db", "7de1128f904f39f92f1c51989c94aaf8", "a58b983e90870a964296a164bd02b62ffff7e12f", "a84dbb8acfe2c5ab82c2ed371040a3221f7cde534baf134e24534a3b5105da69", "7c956503d5b4dbb764ff8e66fa74ce0f9132da90ea3543f669c9dd08e413e33c" }, // 27
+  { "0f8b2d8fcfd9d68cffc17ccfb117709b53d26462a3f346fb7c79b85e", "6b2ad7a1", "d41bdd74f0dbbcb034ff01402a163736", "ae41363098fe07213fec440bb03be81aab0fb7f0", "afecd3e65dcb52c4c8625471842d007575e4cb33942ac4e6377014cce668ba4f", "6de164a9626d5a4f54d854ac158994f35a8e362ecc753f55182790934a2e0d06" }, // 28
+  { "a963c3e895ff5a0be4824400518d81412f875fa50521e26e85eac90c04", "51e5475b", "bff43c6ee76dffa8850237aa11ec11b9", "ca408361c45d44c71e90fb6b4c69955d08c58ecd", "7ac86f1239e32eedaeaa8ed184445c8b017e9124a5d283cf4393fd80ad3996f0", "b760312bd1b279fc672479d21c5ed349e5fe96f08940237b4515452721c49a16" }, // 29
+  { "03a18688b10cc0edf83adf0a84808a9718383c4070c6c4f295098699ac2c", "0807648c", "268c59a326b83e17f42bd7500c916290", "a9b323ca196695d80ce6cfb26ca9a8b77e51b008", "5e9c68da67265b87ded2f3b2a93744f5b7ec832419916aadf0ea78b63ef97432", "94fc255de4ef19c0da4b09b2e2fac21f20048b46f17c30685abe40d5c743f375" }, // 30
+  { "84fb51b517df6c5accb5d022f8f28da09b10232d42320ffc32dbecc3835b29", "dddccc2a", "6b393afb85a556ff1b38ceef3ba946c6", "cda4605fb1409be66738df89f20f3da5e6609056", "9929cf1e6fac383f3a2fa322af8d125753bcf9c28ededb9e63a45da0cf5c5984", "39a4a0ffc4603698ae0a4f3d24b1bc42ac7a2d7d923e7a5d602453e82d5323c5" }, // 31
+  { "9f2fcc7c90de090d6b87cd7e9718c1ea6cb21118fc2d5de9f97e5db6ac1e9c10", "c90368f7", "b4b5b22fea8d7a60d07859b46b03b810", "5eb1836714dd13760ec23a8187c3c64086dcc3f8", "ace84f09d49226d391e3704ff36b0cb5a61c0a0727e6bc5a7188e5c273a740db", "2f1a5f7159e34ea19cddc70ebf9b81f1a66db40615d7ead3cc1f1b954d82a3af" }, // 32
+  { "de8f1b3faa4b7040ed4563c3b8e598253178e87e4d0df75e4ff2f2dedd5a0be046", "e43f6c2b", "c09b81300dfe5d57cd53b29971ef55ca", "2299eef7f22c57e489c29155e632b10d6ad28761", "072d632c7b4d6cf25f3c18336d572d22759d5a78e5cf9ee5f3d844f2b6345cb3", "1c57fe0e38cd3a124eaa6cd87f70a079bccc073a341e8c0eb1976fb3a3f7b774" }, // 33
+  { "62f154ec394d0bc757d045c798c8b87a00e0655d0481a7d2d9fb58d93aedc676b5a0", "2aa78ff5", "c1b47551dbd87287e3786d29f0ead5c2", "b53c51b62b98bb6a897bdf2e4de297ee6f80d64f", "2d503f6f3432d37088b1890299259db30d158665604ea63e82cc43548412bd35", "a905603b186ef4f2d5b2d1bcfda504c68ed5eb9b0c7b7ea2a001575f5aa69e68" }, // 34
+  { "b2dcfe9ff19e2b23ce7da2a4207d3e5ec7c6112a8a22aec9675a886378e14e5bfbad4e", "d9c9c459", "39a82f09125434582385b8b09ef042d8", "303ea353679f64e0e7ea72f308908091b3f798b6", "c4a3feb41cd26f040c26f0b0ca12f8e3d55f0bb39771ee087c5086118e098146", "fffd39f7c451788eb0316f429ea0a7c0ac8091657aca28f1560ed5775e8c4c12" }, // 35
+  { "47f5697ac8c31409c0868827347a613a3562041c633cf1f1f86865a576e02835ed2c2492", "5b1508f1", "cdb044f567cde9d20b264add4edf6a56", "499279bf8d5c7ac1f0ae11de2a7a774bd949ad17", "cb9e4c92d9cf019f4c3156ab791350ad8e42e502f7f2eb64e47466aebbffd283", "6f55becd168e0939ba2fa090257b1727fc66491a44493279a5beacb9e3435324" }, // 36
+  { "512a6d292e67ecb2fe486bfe92660953a75484ff4c4f2eca2b0af0edcdd4339c6b2ee4e542", "9c7afee9", "a3f7368cbeb89e1ed9564c147bc62ccf", "1aff151f3d6e3c71a2cfb9cd0170a1f907aa2e28", "5f4b5f2cebc6e5c7d8939273d3c63597efb8e7414b7373dfa4060041252f07ef", "84649bffcd48527b9288e8da5f52fbab2604dc5a91c4b0b87d477dbd7b40b6ae" }, // 37
+  { "973cf2b4dcf0bfa872b41194cb05bb4e16760a1840d8343301802576197ec19e2a1493d8f4fb", "2466a23c", "91a3389423f3aad784cfa032e8511fac", "a950d6ce4683c8e9c97db7ec3ca8770ae1d78410", "6bcd52fae737be4465e3688ce0620b668d1b3b926bf12265bdcf215e22bee702", "d4055b4e3e2aea1c67cc99fd409d574e53e1e296cf9eef73c472ab92a6cb6609" }, // 38
+  { "80beebcd2e3f8a9451d4499961c9731ae667cdc24ea020ce3b9aa4bbc0a7f79e30a934467da4b0", "9869fe61", "4e9f41ef61570fb59c1905c127a1dbb6", "d46154473fd626ed75429dedcb6d18c14b84bf09", "61c7b8427e946955efc51dcbe85c33f770f35c9f87cca931a220435cd5cb52c4", "5694ca2f3b9962226a87163ab38325bcdc898a732dfeb2c36db4eb88616b8741" }, // 39
+  { "7abaa12ec2a7347674e444140ae0fb659d08e1c66decd8d6eae925fa451d65f3c0308e29446b8ed3", "30ec2a35", "59b97d4bb9621edd21508e983d1e0162", "50aa4e5b0d5aa3fe38a7b6539060a393f132e754", "7e9d4111cc710b6b24290fcab6934ad08cd4b239c1a0cbdde71f685f0a1e6fd9", "8cf287ad03ab4a74086620cfa4cce74f48fa5cdb15ec02b1f721736a4f849e60" }, // 40
+  { "c88dee9927679b8af422abcbacf283b904ff31e1cac58c7819809f65d5807d46723b20f67ba610c2b7", "5a9f457c", "dd004f029f857a4e9acfdc516191dd0e", "baf9d3c7d2b18f36ac2981c7f071e63bbbfd3493", "2668d27f283bce5f7919d490d721aea6bbd0348332a2cde536dd4bc1912c55ad", "c5d5af22a4df9acd0c056fa30d8e240b679a20d4d2630260f779ff815ca82d7d" }, // 41
+  { "01e43fe350fcec450ec9b102053e6b5d56e09896e0ddd9074fe138e6038210270c834ce6eadc2bb86bf6", "44d76f15", "28b66ebe60836815e0050c6dae6cb383", "a0a7388255f447285f5419ff96aad6f1818d6de0", "c60b5602cb8a1a23ec67b6c57ab41152ea1360a532b146a8e3195b2c23b32b48", "0ac75279adff65660464550a283fecd4e0610d88f35574c3d7ac5d22262a2fe8" }, // 42
+  { "337023370a48b62ee43546f17c4ef2bf8d7ecd1d49f90bab604b839c2e6e5bd21540d29ba27ab8e309a4b7", "aef8f701", "66191acef6407facd6776248be2b2814", "deac10320e720100261ec67889ae36a13688c4e2", "612af005d7f47d3d7cd0e8cdcca4571139fef602e82e64e7e027189e5b1b8700", "81917ae290dbba17289a8a67e5c2e8b12d3dde0efe9f990198a1763ff4f3dda7" }, // 43
+  { "6892540f964c8c74bd2db02c0ad884510cb38afd4438af31fc912756f3efec6b32b58ebc38fc2a6b913596a8", "a1739060", "72f332cb3d1ee64f1956eea0f9f65b64", "42b6406d40071927e77a0d7749de78a7f426b290", "42633916521313c491f53a8aed2de5647bd21befb8423e31397e3ba76e7cc43a", "138e75e72fddd927e591315af8d3aba280efa36230a3309a97bcde5a78c31589" }, // 44
+  { "f5961dfd2b1ffffda4ffbf30560c165bfedab8ce0be525845deb8dc61004b7db38467205f5dcfb34a2acfe96c0", "2ad774c3", "e729ab5e0ed1eda842771b4cab4f7e24", "3e1b964d0dd2c054862c038488b8ab0f1c38f13b", "bb15e052c6167318eb92530ee2a6a38bbbb03888b27ccf17402dd91336742e7c", "21bcdad3fef3e5b859cb0912a2991efa661bad812747292ef0f79a8fcc6b4e98" }, // 45
+  { "ca061a2eb6ceed8881ce2057172d869d73a1951e63d57261384b80ceb5451e77b06cf0f5a0ea15ca907ee1c27eba", "b0ecc329", "6886c2fe3bd64c5d7e0a92dd9d3de9c1", "75f7e1712c432f990d5d47bb410bc0ed1f01d340", "1debaf5b88a075e43a0ec8765fa3830b3e08655162b28ce9a9357c4424869fa5", "8d6fd9c559b0b4948f91337916084c0082a16a0755b0a00811096e973e48b3c8" }, // 46
+  { "1743a77251d69242750c4f1140532cd3c33f9b5ccdf7514e8584d4a5f9fbd730bcf84d0d4726364b9bf95ab251d9bb", "26ce2541", "48a07b1571b3de06d65a88e95ca57b50", "2c2bb28f64a17b4054376a503bb9c57f1e142bf4", "de11c81dd4609233c6a2d73a3ac06a20e312e6e1c0f5d351bc72b3d5c40961a0", "1dd23ae7aadd61e712bdd82bd60a70dd9d66c9fd79dbfd8669e3eaabf7901cdc" }, // 47
+  { "d8faba1f5194c4db5f176fabfff856924ef627a37cd08cf55608bba8f1e324d7c7f157298eabc4dce7d89ce5162499f9", "8ebccf97", "3dea64ea9ed114752e867afd704a9762", "b8be5ea10dee2d8190d82dd47b94d6a8019baec8", "ecd5464831f5a8b034f07b3ef7b96d096751d76425d0771bbfaeed9894721ccf", "34f8607ec10c092c1ba0b6565ce6197062c4e1a35a8e8c723e48a2d2416c3790" }, // 48
+  { "be9684be70340860373c9c482ba517e899fc81baaa12e5c6d7727975d1d41ba8bef788cdb5cf4606c9c1c7f61aed59f97d", "46a4b59a", "83c390e922be9d42cf14d8df71bf3541", "7a6281ec0b58c82a80b1ee18e8bbf22e6d84df60", "171300d37d33b2f8942ed26aa86c67346fc0c9710c6e59a83472c4dafc033aef", "19a8577fc90fae5d6a6b2e0c1ff155515502cfa1757029c09bebbfa263d9a363" }, // 49
+  { "7e15d2b9ea74ca60f66c8dfab377d9198b7b16deb6a1ba0ea3c7ee2042f89d3786e779cf053c77785aa9e692f821f14a7f51", "f5661d98", "730487d5390fd8a72bcde0109529f614", "6e17b4575af829c6ee18e24fb6eae024a9baaf49", "7863f2acd39baee07b57e2e65a391dc828c05de45821e52e3b908b43a9ad9705", "9d9dbb4ce7d01d009e72a66051acc16805e49f598cbe430c5d4c22a881a64b3f" }, // 50
+  { "9a219be43713bd578015e9fda66c0f2d83cac563b776ab9f38f3e4f7ef229cb443304fba401efb2bdbd7ece939102298651c86", "97779492", "2c2ac042030f8f1645df0e9575bd2d41", "29309a4a739f0e6ac4ef1fd38871c9a02a326d10", "ee0924a0f948eba8bc731c0489da61d6665829fc2e6ea1b5378964f5a77dd7dc", "13f0d951b64481135466cfccbe52418cc1d03fb16b5b696c35d724f6f55cbb6d" }, // 51
+  { "c8f2b693bd0d75ef99caebdc22adf4088a95a3542f637203e283bbc3268780e787d68d28cc3897452f6a22aa8573ccebf245972a", "2d2ad237", "d72991ae45a2f1deaf888c4e9886d3fe", "88970ef3bb5191e6927a639dc105835e1b98aaba", "f7f7c47d804f0d9455426e236676d6e9ddd91bf99e40e23220ca911d99d88ada", "fb2fe7b00b75c42305cf31de14d98f904e8c46dc57bb6f94c282ca8c13dc45db" }, // 52
+  { "ec0f99711016c6a2a07ad80d16427506ce6f441059fd269442baaa28c6ca037b22eeac49d5d894c0bf66219f2c08e9d0e8ab21de52", "69f4b6eb", "590fcad19889b907e3d6bbdf991edc93", "a63c6fd614d977f015fcc29936dfbffc9e8f2d33", "ee99da04f780abe64d2c1ee1170e7f678c50683a7b9303a84678c6ebdf9b9a7f", "d54cbf7d5c80ae11a0d0bad4e95ab18b5f07c970621f3936447a48eef818d06e" }, // 53
+  { "0dc45181337ca32a8222fe7a3bf42fc9f89744259cff653504d6051fe84b1a7ffd20cb47d4696ce212a686bb9be9a8ab1c697b6d6a33", "27569834", "e087a2fb0e175b748d68833fbddad14e", "01c8e2d5274a8daf51bb207eee328c33b49592f1", "860c4d344cd31e574e20ae9a54ed146f690823930e43947e89adfeda3da669de", "ff050a45adeef4cfc7d964102ba877c80320a37794893e6865965ec2547cd4c9" }, // 54
+  { "de286ba4206e8b005714f80fb1cdfaebde91d29f84603e4a3ebc04686f99a46c9e880b96c574825582e8812a26e5a857ffc6579f63742f", "43ab2765", "1c4f5048955f692961be8682e7226025", "e81bed804597822ac47ca7a507976972eece5c60", "99a9fa276e7471535a13e41abdb1dd5c1013ed1f4d57a4c7b9433455d3cdc705", "1bc1bcc70f638958db1006af37b02ebd8954ec59b3acbad12eacedbc5b21e908" }, // 55
+  { "eebcc18057252cbf3f9c070f1a73213356d5d4bc19ac2a411ec8cdeee7a571e2e20eaf61fd0c33a0ffeb297ddb77a97f0a415347db66bcaf", "4d3ce864", "6d0557d282d4ddbfa3f0607030db59ac", "d493f943e6d7e52989990f1bb88c835e9a14ab59", "c8d39c9dabb62cb284be55658b05412b50ff3eda8ac98ae6bc616f466aeb2650", "f7bde239ad087aa7dabe42cc4d3c49380a026cd239a7faaf34a2233469a44a4d" }, // 56
+  { "416b5cdc9fe951bd361bd7abfc120a5054758eba88fdd68fd84e39d3b09ac25497d36b43cbe7b85a6a3cebda8db4e5549c3ee51bb6fcb6ac1e", "a49c059d", "2a51205e846de5953d7e1c6900fc574c", "24a9ea1d842750fb805a8e1985d7cfaeca799fa0", "03f7b846ea8f9e26760eeaa30eae500646819842d6af87ca64275b865aaf43f7", "ef845aac2aaf0a793108204ff380e0a30f2558e7acde4531ab22f8ec79e26a69" }, // 57
+  { "5c5faf66f32e0f8311c32e8da8284a4ed60891a5a7e50fb2956b3cbaa79fc66ca376460e100415401fc2b8518c64502f187ea14bfc9503759705", "63822070", "2d4d21e2117980b30ee1827876ae37f7", "45ec45c12ae8056e31df5578659ac18b077e0337", "463a6a7d0765f0a520f4dff288c4caa7c4c0ce3080e3703cd47122a7ee8b9434", "26db514e01e034c678b636d40ba367da2f37f67078bb576ff2b8559b3517484d" }, // 58
+  { "7167e1e02be1a7ca69d788666f823ae4eef39271f3c26a5cf7cee05bca83161066dc2e217b330df821103799df6d74810eed363adc4ab99f36046a", "a2c861c5", "8d04f5ae0093555f98532d29e062138c", "ea91f748c7a9137eda2a82d7e8e9dbe54d574949", "c82776eca46928e0d5b3d1c43db40953cce11013cb3528fec5b882fc5b286fc8", "5dbd4b558463196211465c1fc32401fc2d8e41ebc5e6badd1d8f7c4f090f728f" }, // 59
+  { "2fda311dbba27321c5329510fae6948f03210b76d43e7448d1689a063877b6d14c4f6d0eaa96c150051371f7dd8a4119f7da5c483cc3e6723c01fb7d", "0bf07be9", "0d84254eb21804f52cc6155c736bfe2b", "905fac724e298c9849ae82c0c0d3a494a8060085", "55d4462e8486ebc14e2f5ba7f573330faf3a0d56bdf7701ee2820aba265d7ac0", "355c79fd6e6fa88ed402b6979fde1ed805498abeb101f4231b5d64d1439d552d" }, // 60
+  { "95d1474a5aab5d2422aca6e481187833a6212bd2d0f91451a67dd786dfc91dfed51b35f47e1deb8a8ab4b9cb67b70179cc26f553ae7b569969ce151b8d", "cb5e3049", "dca6b7cded7224dc17e8c7e506f4e011", "b17fb3167bc83a7375ff6ddcd5f0b552ad9ddc41", "4d78228bf419b23d867082d8d5c066a4aee56a9bb54224d3b5cbd2c04364d99c", "3d9c9bf09d88211c7e0056112d073ee85d00acaa4da7a668fa017b3273cd4d4b" }, // 61
+  { "c71bd7941f41df044a2927a8ff55b4b467c33d089f0988aa253d294addbdb32530c0d4208b10d9959823f0c0f0734684006df79f7099870f6bf53211a88d", "4eabb06f", "fa630a5284e5180afa75d6ba9a0ff421", "5792719abbd47647358eb65529abd4136d501af5", "48d4ed4341aafba1f02bbf72eeaf2bf5991c04ea3c643d7665f0130fffdc9165", "67980d28e2e658e7a24a2593a28167a13d907d06f47729d47ca4fe1772f8b3df" }, // 62
+  { "f57c64006d9ea761892e145c99df1b24640883da79d9ed5262859dcda8c3c32e05b03d984f1ab4a230242ab6b78d368dc5aaa1e6d3498d53371e84b0c1d4ba", "8ffc4b50", "90d5671bdc15f8f96c3745f6f6020a8e", "632ee5446b709013fba8123b67e49dc7bdcc4c4f", "ce122fb56c82bf0cf7953b837e2f00cb0546f5b5d91f7af3480f659ed6152390", "a8df6b76df41994f7593f1a81967e77ee180e31183d1c4a569db854e61e99b05" }, // 63
+  { "e926ae8b0af6e53176dbffcc2a6b88c6bd765f939d3d178a9bde9ef3aa131c61e31c1e42cdfaf4b4dcde579a37e150efbef5555b4c1cb40439d835a724e2fae7", "ded134c1", "f8885d6cda92c999dc4bee554df7dd2c", "6c4664cb736cd563f74f52cea42e33d6d617f153", "f4a1a02e8e35822107cc08b5b21b661c058e2825f3c7cb2a3b6d40f3ae89211b", "27a6441ee939b46e2c378d7afeb0e891c47a28120e488eff0ab71af08788ceb3" }, // 64
+  { "16e8b3d8f988e9bb04de9c96f2627811c973ce4a5296b4772ca3eefeb80a652bdf21f50df79f32db23f9f73d393b2d57d9a0297f7a2f2e79cfda39fa393df1ac00", "e891cf16", "09ceb3a6fa3e2d38467a6969d43f6587", "6ba94f05cfa29501ff47ae917e18763e063229da", "16b1449186ef6d27ddf9f8ddfe23c59e51a953833c7df2e8c6a7528403f3ba68", "c4bb067383002db44ca773918bb74104b604a583e12b06be56c270f8b43512f2" }, // 65
+  { "fc424eeb27c18a11c01f39c555d8b78a805b88dba1dc2a42ed5e2c0ec737ff68b2456d80eb85e11714fa3f8eabfb906d3c17964cb4f5e76b29c1765db03d91be37fc", "82e3941f", "09f55194b57e25646de7c5e4a8635f5e", "1e2895343ba31a9e32730f8156c68369e3f4132c", "9d91ce1295f7acca7bdb2e2ff0794e5e2917509fe03bbcfb34bc8dd7e536b8fb", "ae773915ca642d80413330c9e0ee9bd06653c0023c5c0277100f3b1526eaa51d" }, // 66
+  { "abe3472b54e72734bdba7d9158736464251c4f21b33fbbc92d7fac9a35c4e3322ff01d2380cbaa4ef8fb07d21a2128b7b9f5b6d9f34e13f39c7ffc2e72e47888599ba5", "e73f9991", "d561fc54a4d61467f7d72ea037bb9332", "ea1c325d0e91a757e2106792943361d47ce99bee", "f1737040e38e73ab3b4085ec8e1acf1e055a1ed8411e6cf867d0a5dca56a3364", "1cf9d6ce9cb658556b76cd7eba3e51393699ad500b1ab3f56172748db7f59667" }, // 67
+  { "36f9f0a65f2ca498d739b944d6eff3da5ebba57e7d9c41598a2b0e4380f3cf4b479ec2348d015ffe6256273511154afcf3b4b4bf09d6c4744fdd0f62d75079d440706b05", "ae719e56", "313c5846da0836226ecbf50c324fb7c5", "0082b9a8ab38b32ac364e5f1a656cfe98ef9c931", "df0cd17c3fd3885653849bc8be8cad1f2171755e05176d448dc466fdb94ce780", "8d60e889e2b1020dad4b523301f5f6bbab6c781af276085af6765546fcfb95ac" }, // 68
+  { "abc87763cae1ca98bd8c5b82caba54ac83286f87e9610128ae4de68ac95df5e329c360717bd349f26b872528492ca7c94c2c1e1ef56b74dbb65c2ac351981fdb31d06c77a4", "6c4cd72d", "53bfe40050067274fe7482d2a3b7986b", "328136f32226dc14f7e9dee5ba67863b669cb0d7", "6fe7f18c476330654ad42917435a5dd906c1c35f863cb2a8147a9fa10aa19c91", "dd4ff4b530552f48af9a7530a6464819ed1a5b733084f709e41daf1acb35ecfd" }, // 69
+  { "94f7ca8e1a54234c6d53cc734bb3d3150c8ba8c5f880eab8d25fed13793a9701ebe320509286fd8e422e931d99c98da4df7e70ae447bab8cffd92382d8a77760a259fc4fbd72", "c957294b", "58a4f59c5a014d0d19f4b0807d3883db", "45905089a697d8542c78e1d206a0d87430fc0789", "54fe7d51e0cd082a42a4972acfdf8c59406c89ef95b79d659a84a0d07d121069", "7ac8d4bb53fc434dd8712daefeb474668f541418e6f617dba523d8392eb0766e" }, // 70
+  { "13bd2811f6ed2b6f04ff3895aceed7bef8dcd45eb121791bc194a0f806206bffc3b9281c2b308b1a729ce008119dd3066e9378acdcc50a98a82e20738800b6cddbe5fe9694ad6d", "22bd0ff5", "bc3db75037ec1773fb11045a256001bd", "c29ad52ef807b4f73f3ec0b20999a996b3e462cd", "6feab1c9d115cc82efe3631535e964c3eeb5c3dad4c38d837717f8f10a3357b1", "f7b0e15a63232a2b800b23b311d357617ddfd1293e1ffe3f772692ade3427152" }, // 71
+  { "1eed9cba179a009ec2ec5508773dd305477ca117e6d569e66b5f64c6bc64801ce25a8424ce4a26d575b8a6fb10ead3fd1992edddeec2ebe7150dc98f63adc3237ef57b91397aa8a7", "0ab24bd5", "9022f5cdff2c1f55ac3f5270f8d43484", "8b78f85b603c4b896cac77b41edee07c56d14058", "046155a4d0e52a53fc745278ded12590875fde9b66fa4e40a6638c1504f6d435", "b3d05af7e8c406a7c2709223791d3f5f4b3129329993220053a36293ac2b0e06" }, // 72
+  { "ba5b67b5ec3a3ffae2c19dd8176a2ef75c0cd903725d45c9cb7009a900c0b0ca7a2967a95ae68269a6dbf8466c7b6844a1d608ac661f7eff00538e323db5f2c644b78b2d48de1a08aa", "8368ecf5", "92c203258dfb11755b1a6f3d15095f45", "e0a01e53a373265566a422f5209346605eca2252", "450effce3b3be76285be139ad8c15cdb36d847a70122e7754cc50da7b4f262e6", "6c47e2ea4ba29e17792defc4b707754c4664bde15168a5100bf881ec7c02b258" }, // 73
+  { "0efa26ac5673167dcacab860932ed612f65ff49b80fa9ae65465e5542cb62075df1c5ae54fba4db807be25b070033efa223bdd5b1d3c94c6e1909c02b620d4b1b3a6c9fed24d70749604", "f5fc8790", "c125928b6cdf8b88f30efaacef4acba0", "732dbb9df2f07abc0ba482376a401acb1652fd1a", "88f8922134a0dfd8cf733e69a67f79695c157a12f004e0f41f47dbe25e929f11", "82a66bed668dcc14af12c14c976ce650049e9d1d9969b83d1dd3b6f1c07d252b" }, // 74
+  { "bbfd933d1fd7bf594ac7f435277dc17d8d5a5b8e4d13d96d2f64e771abbd51a5a8aea741beccbddb177bcea05243ebd003cfdeae877cca4da94605b67691919d8b033f77d384ca01593c1b", "07c73070", "2ce5ec25b22239c42ad1e1fd4a38e7f8", "1196665356621ac4b74f7cb453a695ff51fe13a0", "6abd3225cde2afc0da502567790af919681ae1bee565192a06e5e34df7cdfe4e", "2f21d07d7b10683b9ac7a63e9fcc70cf9f887cb905f9bff5332551288b288524" }, // 75
+  { "90078999fd3c35b8afbf4066cbde335891365f0fc75c1286cdd88fa51fab94f9b8def7c9ac582a5dbcd95817afb7d1b48f63704e19c2baa4df347f48d4a6d603013c23f1e9611d595ebac37c", "905d3872", "fa79da4e5b2df87ce3cc98ab763fd19c", "16b3a27baeeecb4c4c66c7f235fbd4f6c5839145", "0cbd201eca6a8fabf81c7377047a4a86f6dff090d665381fd884c6b5836b0902", "80202f01e7140db4fee490dcc50afafdf6a48ca33d362c7875b8e8db9c9d0655" }, // 76
+  { "64105eca863515c20e7cfbaa0a0b8809046164f374d691cdbd6508aaabc1819f9ac84b52bafc1b0fe7cddbc554b608c01c8904c669d8db316a0953a4c68ece324ec5a49ffdb59a1bd6a292aa0e", "7e11cb91", "b9c451f86bc03e42fca7d2400609b188", "61d6f9fccf0a8c486dfa7df4417dc4d0c4e59149", "e30a878fdab9b75fc3d1f8ca1ea9c754817de4a471aa8e2abd6a7526e36274c5", "b2330a189047e3117479a2f20b3407a7d119e4ad431fe06ff1ff2a106f2ab3a2" }, // 77
+  { "d4654be288b9f3b711c2d02015978a8cc57471d5680a092aa534f7372c71ceaab725a383c4fcf4d8deaa57fca3ce056f312961eccf9b86f14981ba5bed6ab5b4498e1f6c82c6cae6fc14845b3c8a", "dcdff841", "4551bc9250abb5607cca78ca71137a3f", "a95f70deef0c1733a02e6297a67aa61f0356e005", "9b163642ad529f4f0ac03b31cc22752599fd3cc3abdca1124cbce15eab11021e", "bb9b9bb685c241f8d63fdbf0dbaabcef7075add7ba405a2fffe7ad5b23e021c7" }, // 78
+  { "12d9394888305ac96e65f2bf0e1b18c29c90fe9d714dd59f651f52b88b3008c588435548066ea2fc4c101118c91f32556224a540de6efddbca296ef1fb00341f5b01fecfc146bdb251b3bdad556cd2", "9ccb3cf0", "0dc5922d3935802af173a0825b8793cd", "6a59742f6d780f0161427835f743187e7c4de6c2", "e9d510eb338e4def24410eab6e26845a721aa9feba233d225f18f9a4d165c0f8", "f8316a367aa0316da3562f319d522e81f4a8bd2e2108d2532126f4a903704ba3" }, // 79
+  { "871a0d7a5f36c3da1dfce57acd8ab8487c274fad336bc137ebd6ff4658b547c1dcfab65f037aa58f35ef16aff4abe77ba61f65826f7be681b5b6d5a1ea8085e2ae9cd5cf0991878a311b549a6d6af230", "c37eb643", "b14fd7247fb0600a4ee58d7d02c54573", "5ee0c3e4b737f3c6eb0537c6dba47e8e33334a39", "3bbc51465e6ad6c102c41cf61c0a510d191a522e7a8981eef519149d1bca5fe9", "89e3ebd02b229cd759612a5521d867ab2a1594bc0b1fe6a78b7954ccc84caf03" }, // 80
+  { "e90b4ffef4d457bc7711ff4aa72231ca25af6b2e206f8bf859d8758b89a7cd36105db2538d06da83bad5f663ba11a5f6f61f236fd5f8d53c5e89f183a3cec615b50c7c681e773d109ff7491b5cc22296c5", "ba83a755", "a7b5bb4aa7b91d2853ec40c62ae71adb", "93e5e5a709b797bbb6e77a7ead3edec6d77d463d", "2ab2197e676517e8e900f69dbbfb6251e5dae049432d18adbdee892f42601e73", "2e7cc875305ea6bb9c2fc770b9d84fd93b96405df9b93307f6b5de26e135724c" }, // 81
+  { "e728de62d75856500c4c77a428612cd804f30c3f10d36fb219c5ca0aa30726ab190e5f3f279e0733d77e7267c17be27d21650a9a4d1e32f649627638dbada9702c7ca303269ed14014b2f3cf8b894eac8554", "8bac7df0", "3bed3364dda24e4f121971960ace8cd6", "80ab947730a8b954b0e0108f9add9808ad9d4d4c", "a245a9c8b82fcf89b008b8f68393bdbf70a7750efa9f946a493025f5b929e398", "ecab75f28a728429cb433ec13310d1b850ccf522c38d2fa6dfa489963d6d6ca7" }, // 82
+  { "6348f229e7b1df3b770c77544e5166e081850fa1c6c88169db74c76e42eb983facb276ad6a0d1fa7b50d3e3b6fcd799ec97470920a7abed47d288ff883e24ca21c7f8016b93bb9b9e078bdb9703d2b781b616e", "8666f487", "0b5846abc9ec2f73f95a046a98db99e5", "6d8d4d535d9478bfe55bc439bd72aa4ca059994f", "40319d72d16dd3b02e5049b28dd4de6bd6263796085069184ca868912d1a39ea", "021c9459d1451f3da4c07c029a8681945c87c5bebc6c30da1d95c5c49d8ab95c" }, // 83
+  { "4b127fde5de733a1680c2790363627e63ac8a3f1b4707d982caea258655d9bf18f89afe54127482ba01e08845594b671306a025c9a5c5b6f93b0a39522dc877437be5c2436cbf300ce7ab6747934fcfc30aeaaf6", "b9b607f0", "8e7c9e38008a99bc26850bdcfa296fd7", "5a991f5a462d57c678f8b1a853d5e63510c0c01f", "9885b7b4d61caee20fcbe9a902496071f3113f34d144929891ee711b12f6d1db", "4642e21622f15b09b9413659680116bf2f96cac2384b8c79f1328d5dd36d7a01" }, // 84
+  { "08461f006cff4cc64b752c957287e5a0faabc05c9bff89d23fd902d324c79903b48fcb8f8f4b01f3e4ddb483593d25f000386698f5ade7faade9615fdc50d32785ea51d49894e45baa3dc707e224688c6408b68b11", "07839217", "03e0732d64855293605a4ffea43e2151", "e734c52c2930b653dd5b01e04fde3ad7b9eaa51c", "64278b8ed65d1d1ee032d6289d74f7d5637d0538e7b05bcd099ca7cc8f6263e9", "8daa47c3572157266ad0276d5926aff2872f06b0cd7b974a80d7a6827d41d782" }, // 85
+  { "68c8f8849b120e6e0c9969a5866af591a829b92f33cd9a4a3196957a148c49138e1e2f5c7619a6d5edebe995acd81ec8bb9c7b9cfca678d081ea9e25a75d39db04e18d475920ce828b94e72241f24db72546b352a0e4", "d74ac160", "bafd00316db76387bed7c84492d70158", "7e1b8fa40e87f9b12d40a1fcfd66b2ca708540d3", "3a4145a03567aae008db8fed2a58f616dcfa6d345ae38aa27b9e2ead32768a9e", "345365232ce9afc655dce4bac23f43c8acbdf9016d4bc2344be8d396a4919c34" }, // 86
+  { "b8d56472954e31fb54e28fca743f84d8dc34891cb564c64b08f7b71636debd64ca1edbdba7fc5c3e40049ce982bba8c7e0703034e331384695e9de76b5104f2fbc4535ecbeebc33bc27f29f18f6f27e8023b0fbb6f563c", "60457106", "65ec6a553b431e4fa351cf2dfc6c1b53", "d887f88a626f98cad59e0a5b2484189bb1accc6b", "c50b8c10e4dbbcd0055d9a81a89f2ac18b709715377eb4048edbc4b497165f5a", "f52e102e57293878c28f29deb47792324fe455a62fa7441aabcc16a9cfc40ffa" }, // 87
+  { "0d58ac665fa84342e60cefee31b1a4eacdb092f122dfc68309077aed1f3e528f578859ee9e4cefb4a728e946324927b675cd4f4ac84f64db3dacfe850c1dd18744c74ceccd9fe4dc214085108f404eab6d8f452b5442a47d", "966eb885", "8f37ffb065d2ca3e5e40930455518773", "3103211925d1886b7bfe73c42f24e000ddde8e01", "63deff17e210cd39682f253d819cfb454d6434bb72aa36d3074c808f051043d5", "2b89aa88b1b7f9f8ea461c4c5cae4829125f45f5697deadb8db2e964524c0d91" }, // 88
+  { "1755e2d2e5d1c1b0156456b539753ff416651d44698e87002dcf61dcfa2b4e72f264d9ad591df1fdee7b41b2eb00283c5aebb3411323b672eaa145c5125185104f20f335804b02325b6dea65603f349f4d5d8b782dd3469ccd", "a4fb2fb2", "52d15ee0e65cc07d84370f420f3f4ccd", "1baeeea41fcf4bc3cc4178d77475f869369b8a36", "fb76aa04f9f2538c4262e8cd4ca5053ea2e2b082b97a484293fce02d97abe341", "3f3092365982c0b4278055beee9032ff9d1060e03c3b087e1a6197defc707e1a" }, // 89
+  { "b180de1a611111ee7584ba2c4b020598cd574ac77e404e853d15a101c6f5a2e5c801d7d85dc95286a1804c870bb9f00fd4dcb03aa8328275158819dcad7253f3e3d237aeaa7979268a5db1c6ce08a9ec7c2579783c8afc1f91a7", "5412b36e", "ae8786808d7ce1a0d9a9226befb0bdca", "ab82cef5607ffa69e218ff71fc0d2d97bf713d03", "4582b15b38b27dca503ef8423b249a7703e987953139129c1468a3ba6b826740", "3c74aae2f340a24178cbab51004cba1aac3d91133c300715ea82c177269c0556" }, // 90
+  { "cf3583cbdfd4cbc17063b1e7d90b02f0e6e2ee05f99d77e24e560392535e47e05077157f96813544a17046914f9efb64762a23cf7a49fe52a0a4c01c630cfe8727b81fb99a89ff7cc11dca5173057e0417b8fe7a9efba6d95c555f", "8724d307", "7dd591d07265406cc377020ac6c7e058", "6907d863d797deb8e46bc94ad05b6bef242a15d9", "7a41a251c2de39f9593b9808d89eb31958cec525b31d2e7a373dc29ee33ad9db", "0157c4ba44618ded11e9800afa07a0d5b6c711fc16a576c5edb71c4cc6894f82" }, // 91
+  { "072fc02340ef99115bad72f92c01e4c093b9599f6cfc45cb380ee686cb5eb019e806ab9bd55e634ab10aa62a9510cc0672cd3eddb589c7df2b67fcd3329f61b1a4441eca87a33c8f55da4fbbad5cf2b2527b8e983bb31a2fadec7523", "b4e5de52", "218579c794ef71c9da317e227e90d058", "9ba690ac8b7a22662b244fc7f27c8723c3fc649e", "e146431158a7db63496e7fbb4741b820ce288a1758495ea8ef6061adbc36cfb9", "8d53dba107aaacb8422d6667f6778839f8965f8e4c8f4a851284cc91168a9030" }, // 92
+  { "76eecf956a52649f877528146de33df249cd800e21830f65e90f0f25ca9d6540fde40603230eca6760f1139c7f268deba2060631eea92b1fff05f93fd5572fbe29579ecd48bc3a8d6c2eb4a6b26e38d6c5fbf2c08044aeea470a8f2f26", "f6ca3db4", "540f04cc19dea131532b643fb63cfae7", "e3b917152cab357dc3585fffc2d95e2337bd9b6f", "05f8979573501c8fb1778a9d38e9cad4ef481e5d6f6bdffb4fc642b5f3ce22c9", "5163f02233e332ad9be32c2346c9fcfe39afa5fbe9bc1cfeb92f4920155b20ec" }, // 93
+  { "7adc0b6693e61c269f278e6944a5a2d8300981e40022f839ac644387bfac9086650085c2cdc585fea47b9d2e52d65a2b29a7dc370401ef5d60dd0d21f9e2b90fae919319b14b8c5565b0423cefb827d5f1203302a9d01523498a4db10374", "567891ac", "d859f008f48753ead4e62f52ca11377f", "233920ef506e9c59481d306d89cfccbb2fdbb2d5", "5ba07a5acf0fe4c89df8171896812ffea2b2de5185df097da8bde2635f512f4e", "faaf0e95217ca4b1568751ef2e4cd341d9ec33e16600bf09b92c6f1a6df84d2e" }, // 94
+  { "e1fffa9826cce8b86bccefb8794e48c46cdf372013f782eced1e378269b7be2b7bf51374092261ae120e822be685f2e7a83664bcfbe38fe8633f24e633ffe1988e1bc5acf59a587079a57a910bda60060e85b5f5b6f776f0529639d9cce4bd", "c6835842", "05b12d9ac1c9854ebc86f00080321bc4", "f8429fe37ed6a336d46ab0e510d6772f0587d3bb", "65ac6f5061759518913cde199d49ec9e06c19e97c42eb99ab4f835eb8a4ab2e2", "b2c175d9d92aaa9ee72672f995b8dfd2daaf6555a0327a508218a9b447f00be8" }, // 95
+  { "69f9abba65592ee01db4dce52dbab90b08fc04193602792ee4daa263033d59081587b09bbe49d0b49c9825d22840b2ff5d9c5155f975f8f2c2e7a90c75d2e4a8040fe39f63bbafb403d9e28cc3b86e04e394a9c9e8065bd3c85fa9f0c7891600", "4c61dddb", "f3642e61b5c0042af24a3571d7c9c239", "267a3f3a6fe13900f2bf1c9c360cdef18a6d9862", "4faef6b1ced3843526e9c93262647450dc7a68cda7e17f611e01bc6737d92c1e", "fb5388122306d37cee790cad1d3cddba8e9a93d5f9d78288b052482739c883fd" }, // 96
+  { "38a10a352ca5aedfa8e19c64787d8e9c3a75dbf3b8674bfab29b5dbfc15a63d10fae66cd1a6e6d2452d557967eaad89a4c98449787b0b3164ca5b717a93f24eb0b506ceb70cbbcb8d72b2a72993f909aad92f044e0b5a2c9ac9cb16a0ca2f81f49", "eb65cf3e", "b7d46788d692d387300f5bfaa379ed18", "1594d253f40cabdafbe5eae70b7f6d4d142e9c1c", "9707054caf9ce8f2eb3e4304e3018beee27516bce6bf507d68adf7485b8c002f", "1c2f8d418ff6718b18dd4c756dcc8ed0f4755e8c22497a6cc19f8d7ae7fd2da7" }, // 97
+  { "6d8c6e449bc13634f115749c248c17cd148b72157a2c37bf8969ea83b4d6ba8c0ee2711c28ee11495f43049596520ce436004b026b6c1f7292b9c436b055cbb72d530d860d1276a1502a5140e3c3f54a93663e4d20edec32d284e25564f624955b52", "6322e90d", "7d8e166acc1d95fc2f9098b02d431283", "25b53442fd71250f2c9a5c9df5655bfb8ead4b2e", "89e1ee5e7b902293bcb91098a2691cdc2ec0444bfce6c0078e7f2e27c06e9459", "7ea8116e6434c1caa049069dbbd9b6f0e9dc6cdfd6a889343d3b2652803078fc" }, // 98
+  { "6efcbcaf451c129dbe00b9cef0c3749d3ee9d41c7bd500ade40cdc65dedbbbadb885a5b14b32a0c0d087825201e303288a733842fa7e599c0c514e078f05c821c7a4498b01c40032e9f1872a1c925fa17ce253e8935e4c3c71282242cb716b2089ccc1", "e7d1d1e5", "ac2ffed693bfcb55c8a717af6c4fa348", "ca4cf03895a389d8e926b9cca06c457db3672cf8", "3dc3e4bbc7e26c406c38c139a2c864bd7dbe71347bfc02f488c6874d90e1a741", "736d888751faac4d8e78b45b95abb15d40d98d8038c7225be0f523d5439ea5b6" }, // 99
+  { "433c5303131624c0021d868a30825475e8d0bd3052a022180398f4ca4423b98214b6beaac21c8807a2c33f8c93bd42b092cc1b06cedf3224d5ed1ec29784444f22e08a55aa58542b524b02cd3d5d5f6907afe71c5d7462224a3f9d9e53e7e0846dcbb4ce", "5c444498", "9dc41264137166fe20aebb253ecce43e", "e9c3b6728e90f15a3703d1b9906e8f957ce0d4e5", "19acbb45e086963576fa1847f933f6ed78e777a4a27aca0609969362a72e3abf", "90e10b1ca8d352794d7dbd7bae410bef25f0ec7d080e053f48674237e33ea45f" } // 100
+};
+
+
+// return number of failed hashes
+template <typename HashMethod, typename Container>
+int check(const Container& input, const std::string& expectedResult)
+{
+  HashMethod hasher;
+  std::string hash = hasher(&input[0], input.size());
+  if (hash == expectedResult)
+    return 0;
+
+  // error
+  std::cerr << "hash failed ! expected \"" << expectedResult << "\" but library computed \"" << hash << "\"" << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+// same as above for SHA3/Keccak with variable hash size
+template <typename HashMethod, int HashSize, typename Container>
+int check(const Container& input, const std::string& expectedResult)
+{
+  HashMethod hasher = HashMethod(typename HashMethod::Bits(HashSize));
+  hasher.add(&input[0], input.size());
+  std::string hash = hasher.getHash();
+  if (hash == expectedResult)
+    return 0;
+
+  // error
+  std::cerr << "hash/" << HashSize << " failed ! expected \"" << expectedResult << "\" but library computed \"" << hash << "\"" << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+// same as above but convert input from hex to raw bytes first (can contain zeros)
+template <typename HashMethod, typename InputContainer, typename KeyContainer>
+int checkHmac(const InputContainer& input, const KeyContainer& key, const std::string& expectedResult)
+{
+  std::string hash = hmac<HashMethod>(&input[0], input.size(), &key[0], key.size());
+  if (hash == expectedResult)
+    return 0;
+
+  // error
+  std::cerr << "hmac hash failed ! expected \"" << expectedResult << "\" but library computed \"" << hash << "\"" << std::endl;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+// convert from hex to binary
+std::vector<unsigned char> hex2bin(const std::string& hex)
+{
+  std::vector<unsigned char> result;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < hex.size(); i++)
+  {
+    unsigned char high = hex[i] >= 'a' ? hex[i] - 'a' + 10 : hex[i] - '0';
+    i++;
+    unsigned char low  = hex[i] >= 'a' ? hex[i] - 'a' + 10 : hex[i] - '0';
+    result.push_back(high * 16 + low);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+
+// here we go !
+int main(int argc, char** argv)
+{
+  int errors = 0;
+
+  // http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/documents/Examples/SHA_All.pdf
+  // or more compact overview: http://www.di-mgt.com.au/sha_testvectors.html
+  std::string empty;
+  std::string abc = "abc";
+  std::string abc448bits = "abcdbcdecdefdefgefghfghighijhijkijkljklmklmnlmnomnopnopq";
+  std::string abc896bits = "abcdefghbcdefghicdefghijdefghijkefghijklfghijklmghijklmnhijklmnoijklmnopjklmnopqklmnopqrlmnopqrsmnopqrstnopqrstu";
+  std::string million(1000000, 'a');
+
+  std::cout << "test SHA1 ...\n";
+  errors += check<SHA1>(empty,      "da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709");
+  errors += check<SHA1>(abc,        "a9993e364706816aba3e25717850c26c9cd0d89d");
+  errors += check<SHA1>(abc448bits, "84983e441c3bd26ebaae4aa1f95129e5e54670f1");
+  errors += check<SHA1>(abc896bits, "a49b2446a02c645bf419f995b67091253a04a259");
+  errors += check<SHA1>(million,    "34aa973cd4c4daa4f61eeb2bdbad27316534016f");
+
+  std::cout << "test SHA2/256 ...\n";
+  errors += check<SHA256>(empty,      "e3b0c44298fc1c149afbf4c8996fb92427ae41e4649b934ca495991b7852b855");
+  errors += check<SHA256>(abc,        "ba7816bf8f01cfea414140de5dae2223b00361a396177a9cb410ff61f20015ad");
+  errors += check<SHA256>(abc448bits, "248d6a61d20638b8e5c026930c3e6039a33ce45964ff2167f6ecedd419db06c1");
+  errors += check<SHA256>(abc896bits, "cf5b16a778af8380036ce59e7b0492370b249b11e8f07a51afac45037afee9d1");
+  errors += check<SHA256>(million,    "cdc76e5c9914fb9281a1c7e284d73e67f1809a48a497200e046d39ccc7112cd0");
+
+  std::cout << "test SHA3/256 ...\n";
+  errors += check<SHA3>(empty,      "a7ffc6f8bf1ed76651c14756a061d662f580ff4de43b49fa82d80a4b80f8434a");
+  errors += check<SHA3>(abc,        "3a985da74fe225b2045c172d6bd390bd855f086e3e9d525b46bfe24511431532");
+  errors += check<SHA3>(abc448bits, "41c0dba2a9d6240849100376a8235e2c82e1b9998a999e21db32dd97496d3376");
+  errors += check<SHA3>(abc896bits, "916f6061fe879741ca6469b43971dfdb28b1a32dc36cb3254e812be27aad1d18");
+  errors += check<SHA3>(million,    "5c8875ae474a3634ba4fd55ec85bffd661f32aca75c6d699d0cdcb6c115891c1");
+
+  // next test case produced an error until February 2015, reported by Gary Singer
+  // note: automatic test case 71 failed, too, same bug
+  std::cout << "test SHA3/512 ...\n";
+  SHA3 sha3_512(SHA3::Bits512);
+  std::vector<unsigned char> sha3bug = hex2bin("13bd2811f6ed2b6f04ff3895aceed7bef8dcd45eb121791bc194a0f806206bffc3b9281c2b308b1a729ce008119dd3066e9378acdcc50a98a82e20738800b6cddbe5fe9694ad6d");
+  if (sha3_512(sha3bug.data(), sha3bug.size())
+      != "def4ab6cda8839729a03e000846604b17f03c5d5d7ec23c483670a13e11573c1e9347a63ec69a5abb21305f9382ecdaaabc6850f92840e86f88f4dabfcd93cc0")
+  {
+    std::cerr << "SHA3/512 bug present" << std::endl;
+    errors++;
+  }
+
+  // hex conversion failed for SHA3/224 (last eight hex digits [32 bits] were missing)
+  // reported by Alexander Moch in March 2015
+  std::cout << "test SHA3/224 ...\n";
+  SHA3 sha3_224(SHA3::Bits224);
+  if (check<SHA3, SHA3::Bits224>(empty, "6b4e03423667dbb73b6e15454f0eb1abd4597f9a1b078e3f5b5a6bc7"))
+  {
+    std::cerr << "SHA3/224 bug present" << std::endl;
+    errors++;
+  }
+  std::cout << "test Keccak/224 ...\n";
+  Keccak keccak224(Keccak::Keccak224);
+  if (keccak224("") != "f71837502ba8e10837bdd8d365adb85591895602fc552b48b7390abd")
+  {
+    std::cerr << "Keccak/224 bug present" << std::endl;
+    errors++;
+  }
+
+  // check all automatically generated testsets
+  std::cout << "generic testsets (CRC32,MD5,SHA1,SHA256,SHA3) ..." << std::endl;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < NumTests; i++)
+  {
+    errors += check<CRC32 >(hex2bin(testset[i].input), testset[i].crc32b);
+    errors += check< MD5  >(hex2bin(testset[i].input), testset[i].md5);
+    errors += check< SHA1 >(hex2bin(testset[i].input), testset[i].sha1);
+    errors += check<SHA256>(hex2bin(testset[i].input), testset[i].sha256);
+    errors += check< SHA3 >(hex2bin(testset[i].input), testset[i].sha3_256);
+  }
+
+  // HMAC MD5 and SHA1 test vectors from RFC2202 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2202.txt
+  std::cout << "test HMAC(MD5) ...\n";
+  errors += checkHmac< MD5  >(std::string("Hi There"),
+                              hex2bin("0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b"),
+                              "9294727a3638bb1c13f48ef8158bfc9d");
+  errors += checkHmac< SHA1 >(std::string("Hi There"),
+                              hex2bin("0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b"),
+                              "b617318655057264e28bc0b6fb378c8ef146be00");
+  errors += checkHmac< MD5  >(std::string("what do ya want for nothing?"),
+                              std::string("Jefe"),
+                              "750c783e6ab0b503eaa86e310a5db738");
+  errors += checkHmac< SHA1 >(std::string("what do ya want for nothing?"),
+                              std::string("Jefe"),
+                              "effcdf6ae5eb2fa2d27416d5f184df9c259a7c79");
+  errors += checkHmac< MD5  >(hex2bin("dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "56be34521d144c88dbb8c733f0e8b3f6");
+  errors += checkHmac< SHA1 >(hex2bin("dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "125d7342b9ac11cd91a39af48aa17b4f63f175d3");
+  errors += checkHmac< MD5  >(hex2bin("cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcd"),
+                              hex2bin("0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10111213141516171819"),
+                              "697eaf0aca3a3aea3a75164746ffaa79");
+  errors += checkHmac< SHA1 >(hex2bin("cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcd"),
+                              hex2bin("0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10111213141516171819"),
+                              "4c9007f4026250c6bc8414f9bf50c86c2d7235da");
+  // test case 5 skipped
+  errors += checkHmac< MD5  >(std::string("Test Using Larger Than Block-Size Key - Hash Key First"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "6b1ab7fe4bd7bf8f0b62e6ce61b9d0cd");
+  errors += checkHmac< SHA1 >(std::string("Test Using Larger Than Block-Size Key - Hash Key First"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "aa4ae5e15272d00e95705637ce8a3b55ed402112");
+  errors += checkHmac< MD5  >(std::string("Test Using Larger Than Block-Size Key and Larger Than One Block-Size Data"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "6f630fad67cda0ee1fb1f562db3aa53e");
+  errors += checkHmac< SHA1 >(std::string("Test Using Larger Than Block-Size Key and Larger Than One Block-Size Data"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "e8e99d0f45237d786d6bbaa7965c7808bbff1a91");
+
+  // HMAC SHA256 test vectors from RFC4231 http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4231.txt
+  std::cout << "test HMAC(SHA256) ...\n";
+  errors += checkHmac<SHA256>(std::string("Hi There"),
+                              hex2bin("0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b0b"),
+                              "b0344c61d8db38535ca8afceaf0bf12b881dc200c9833da726e9376c2e32cff7");
+  errors += checkHmac<SHA256>(std::string("what do ya want for nothing?"),
+                              std::string("Jefe"),
+                              "5bdcc146bf60754e6a042426089575c75a003f089d2739839dec58b964ec3843");
+  errors += checkHmac<SHA256>(hex2bin("dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "773ea91e36800e46854db8ebd09181a72959098b3ef8c122d9635514ced565fe");
+  errors += checkHmac<SHA256>(hex2bin("cdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcdcd"),
+                              hex2bin("0102030405060708090a0b0c0d0e0f10111213141516171819"),
+                              "82558a389a443c0ea4cc819899f2083a85f0faa3e578f8077a2e3ff46729665b");
+  // test case 5 skipped
+  errors += checkHmac<SHA256>(std::string("Test Using Larger Than Block-Size Key - Hash Key First"),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "60e431591ee0b67f0d8a26aacbf5b77f8e0bc6213728c5140546040f0ee37f54");
+  errors += checkHmac<SHA256>(std::string("This is a test using a larger than block-size key and a larger than block-size data. The key needs to be hashed before being used by the HMAC algorithm."),
+                              hex2bin("aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa"),
+                              "9b09ffa71b942fcb27635fbcd5b0e944bfdc63644f0713938a7f51535c3a35e2");
+
+  // summary
+  if (errors == 0)
+    std::cout << "all tests ok" << std::endl;
+  else
+    std::cerr << errors << " tests failed" << std::endl;
+
+  return errors;
+}
diff --git a/external/headsocket.h b/external/headsocket.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ad98fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/headsocket.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2191 @@
+/*/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+***** HeadSocket v0.1, created by Jan Pinter **** Minimalistic header only WebSocket server implementation in C++ *****
+                    Sources: https://github.com/P-i-N/HeadSocket, contact: Pinter.Jan@gmail.com
+                     PUBLIC DOMAIN - no warranty implied or offered, use this at your own risk
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+Usage:
+- use this as a regular header file, but in EXACTLY one of your C++ files (ie. main.cpp) you must define
+  HEADSOCKET_IMPLEMENTATION beforehand, like this:
+
+    #define HEADSOCKET_IMPLEMENTATION
+    #include <headsocket.h>
+
+/*/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#ifndef __HEADSOCKET_H__
+#define __HEADSOCKET_H__
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace headsocket {
+
+/* Forward declarations */
+class connection;
+class basic_tcp_server;
+class basic_tcp_client;
+class tcp_client;
+class async_tcp_client;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T> using ptr = std::shared_ptr<T>;
+typedef size_t id_t;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace detail {
+  
+/* Forward declarations */
+struct connection_impl;
+struct basic_tcp_server_impl;
+struct basic_tcp_client_impl;
+struct async_tcp_client_impl;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+static bool handshake_websocket(connection &conn);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct less_comparator
+{
+  bool operator()(const std::string &s1, const std::string &s2) const
+  {
+    return std::lexicographical_compare(s1.begin(), s1.end(), s2.begin(), s2.end(), [](char c1, char c2) -> bool
+    {
+      return tolower(c1) < tolower(c2);
+    });
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class connection
+{
+public:
+  connection(const detail::connection_impl &impl);
+  ~connection();
+
+  detail::connection_impl *impl() const { return _p.get(); }
+
+  bool is_valid() const;
+  id_t id() const;
+
+  size_t write(const void *ptr, size_t length);
+  size_t write(const std::string &text) { return write(text.c_str(), text.length()); }
+  size_t read(void *ptr, size_t length);
+
+  bool force_write(const void *ptr, size_t length);
+  bool force_read(void *ptr, size_t length);
+
+  bool read_line(std::string &output);
+
+private:
+  std::unique_ptr<detail::connection_impl> _p;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+enum class opcode
+{
+  continuation = 0x00,
+  text = 0x01,
+  binary = 0x02,
+  connection_close = 0x08,
+  ping = 0x09,
+  pong = 0x0A
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct data_block
+{
+  opcode op;
+  size_t offset;
+  size_t length = 0;
+  bool is_completed = false;
+
+  data_block(opcode opc, size_t off)
+    : op(opc)
+    , offset(off)
+  {
+
+  }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class basic_tcp_server : public std::enable_shared_from_this<basic_tcp_server>
+{
+public:
+  int port() const;
+  void stop();
+  bool is_running() const;
+  bool disconnect(ptr<basic_tcp_client> client);
+  bool disconnect(id_t id);
+
+protected:
+  struct protected_tag { };
+
+    virtual void init() { }
+
+  explicit basic_tcp_server(int port);
+  virtual ~basic_tcp_server();
+
+  virtual bool handshake(connection &conn) = 0;
+  virtual ptr<basic_tcp_client> accept(connection &conn) = 0;
+  virtual void client_connected(ptr<basic_tcp_client> client) = 0;
+  virtual void client_disconnected(ptr<basic_tcp_client> client) = 0;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<detail::basic_tcp_server_impl> _p;
+
+private:
+  template <typename T> friend class tcp_server;
+
+  void remove_disconnected() const;
+
+  size_t acquire_clients() const;
+  void release_clients() const;
+
+  ptr<basic_tcp_client> client_at(size_t index) const;
+  size_t num_clients() const;
+
+  void accept_thread();
+  void disconnect_thread();
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    class basic_tcp_client
+    {
+    public:
+        enum { is_basic_tcp_client };
+
+        static const size_t invalid_operation = static_cast<size_t>(-1);
+
+        virtual ~basic_tcp_client();
+
+        bool disconnect();
+        bool is_connected() const;
+
+        ptr<basic_tcp_server> server() const;
+        id_t id() const;
+
+    protected:
+        struct protected_tag { };
+
+        friend class basic_tcp_server;
+
+        virtual void on_accept() { }
+        virtual void on_disconnect() { }
+
+        basic_tcp_client(const std::string &address, int port);
+        basic_tcp_client(ptr<basic_tcp_server> server, connection &conn);
+
+        std::unique_ptr<detail::basic_tcp_client_impl> _p;
+    };
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+struct protected_tag { };
+
+#define HEADSOCKET_SERVER(className, baseClassName) \
+  protected: \
+    explicit className(int port): baseClassName(port) { init(); } \
+  public: \
+    typedef baseClassName base_t; \
+    className(const protected_tag &, int port): className(port) { } \
+    static headsocket::ptr<className> create(int port) { return std::make_shared<className>(protected_tag{}, port); } \
+  protected: \
+    void init()
+
+template <typename T>
+class tcp_server : public basic_tcp_server
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_SERVER(tcp_server, basic_tcp_server) { }
+
+public:
+  typedef T client_t;
+  typedef ptr<client_t> client_ptr;
+
+  virtual ~tcp_server()
+  {
+    base_t::stop();
+  }
+
+  class enumerator
+  {
+  public:
+    explicit enumerator(const tcp_server &server)
+      : _server(server)
+      , _count(server.acquire_clients())
+    {
+
+    }
+
+    ~enumerator()
+    {
+      _server.release_clients();
+    }
+
+    const tcp_server &server() const { return _server; }
+    size_t size() const { return _count; }
+
+    struct iterator
+    {
+      enumerator &e;
+      size_t index;
+
+      iterator(enumerator &enu, size_t idx)
+        : e(enu)
+        , index(idx)
+      {
+
+      }
+
+      bool operator==(const iterator &iter) const { return iter.index == index && &iter.e == &e; }
+      bool operator!=(const iterator &iter) const { return iter.index != index || &iter.e != &e; }
+      ptr<T> operator*() const { return std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T>(e.server().client_at(index)); }
+
+      iterator &operator++()
+      {
+        ++index;
+        return *this;
+      }
+    };
+
+    iterator begin() { return iterator(*this, 0); }
+    iterator end() { return iterator(*this, _count); }
+
+  private:
+    const tcp_server &_server;
+    size_t _count;
+  };
+
+  enumerator clients() const { return enumerator(*this); }
+
+protected:
+  bool handshake(connection &conn) override { return true; }
+
+  virtual void client_connected(client_ptr client) { }
+
+  virtual void client_disconnected(client_ptr client) { }
+
+private:
+  enum { needs_basic_tcp_client = T::is_basic_tcp_client };
+
+  ptr<basic_tcp_client> accept(connection &conn) override
+  {
+    ptr<basic_tcp_client> newClient = T::create(shared_from_this(), conn);
+    return newClient->is_connected() ? newClient : nullptr;
+  }
+
+  void client_connected(ptr<basic_tcp_client> client) override
+  {
+    client_connected(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T>(client));
+  }
+
+  void client_disconnected(ptr<basic_tcp_client> client) override
+  {
+    client_disconnected(std::dynamic_pointer_cast<T>(client));
+  }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define __HEADSOCKET_CLIENT_STATIC_CTORS(className) \
+  className(const protected_tag &, const std::string &address, int port): className(address, port) { } \
+  className(const protected_tag &, headsocket::ptr<headsocket::basic_tcp_server> server, headsocket::connection &conn): className(server, conn) { } \
+  static headsocket::ptr<className> create(const std::string &address, int port) { return std::make_shared<className>(protected_tag{}, address, port); } \
+  static headsocket::ptr<className> create(headsocket::ptr<headsocket::basic_tcp_server> server, headsocket::connection &conn) { return std::make_shared<className>(protected_tag{}, server, conn); }
+
+#define HEADSOCKET_CLIENT_BASE(className) \
+  protected: \
+    className(const std::string &address, int port); \
+    className(ptr<basic_tcp_server> server, connection &conn); \
+  public: \
+    __HEADSOCKET_CLIENT_STATIC_CTORS(className)
+
+#define HEADSOCKET_CLIENT(className, baseClassName) \
+  protected: \
+    className(const std::string &address, int port): baseClassName(address, port) { } \
+    className(headsocket::ptr<headsocket::basic_tcp_server> server, headsocket::connection &conn): baseClassName(server, conn) { } \
+  public: \
+    __HEADSOCKET_CLIENT_STATIC_CTORS(className)
+
+class tcp_client : public basic_tcp_client
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_CLIENT_BASE(tcp_client)
+
+public:
+  typedef basic_tcp_client base_t;
+  enum { is_tcp_client };
+
+  virtual ~tcp_client();
+
+  virtual size_t write(const void *ptr, size_t length);
+  virtual size_t read(void *ptr, size_t length);
+
+  bool force_write(const void *ptr, size_t length);
+  bool force_read(void *ptr, size_t length);
+
+  bool read_line(std::string &output);
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class async_tcp_client : public basic_tcp_client
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_CLIENT_BASE(async_tcp_client)
+
+public:
+  typedef basic_tcp_client base_t;
+  enum { is_async_tcp_client };
+  
+  virtual ~async_tcp_client();
+
+  void push(const void *ptr, size_t length);
+  void push(const std::string &text);
+  size_t peek() const;
+  size_t pop(void *ptr, size_t length);
+
+protected:
+  void on_accept() override { init_threads(); }
+  void on_disconnect() override { kill_threads(); }
+
+  virtual void init_threads();
+
+  virtual size_t async_write_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length);
+  virtual size_t async_read_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length);
+
+  virtual bool async_received_data(const data_block &db, uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) { return false; }
+
+  virtual void push(const void *ptr, size_t length, opcode opcode);
+
+  void kill_threads();
+
+  std::unique_ptr<detail::async_tcp_client_impl> _ap;
+
+private:
+  void write_thread();
+  void read_thread();
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class web_socket_client : public async_tcp_client
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_CLIENT_BASE(web_socket_client)
+  
+public:
+  static const size_t frame_size_limit = 128 * 1024;
+
+  typedef async_tcp_client base_t;
+  enum { is_web_socket_client };
+
+  virtual ~web_socket_client();
+
+  size_t peek(opcode *op) const;
+
+protected:
+  size_t async_write_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) override;
+  size_t async_read_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) override;
+
+private:
+  struct frame_header
+  {
+    bool fin;
+    opcode op;
+    bool masked;
+    size_t payload_length;
+    uint32_t masking_key;
+
+    size_t write(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) const;
+    size_t read(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length);
+  };
+
+  size_t _payload_size = 0;
+  frame_header _current_header;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+class web_socket_server : public tcp_server<T>
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_SERVER(web_socket_server, tcp_server<T>) { }
+
+public:
+  virtual ~web_socket_server()
+  {
+    base_t::stop();
+  }
+
+protected:
+  bool handshake(connection &conn) override { return detail::handshake_websocket(conn); }
+
+private:
+  enum { needs_web_socket_client = T::is_web_socket_client };
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+class http_server : public tcp_server<tcp_client>
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_SERVER(http_server, tcp_server<tcp_client>) { }
+
+public:
+  ~http_server()
+  {
+    stop();
+  }
+
+  struct response
+  {
+    std::string content_type = "text/html";
+    std::string message = "";
+  };
+
+  struct parameter
+  {
+    std::string name;
+    std::string value;
+    bool boolean;
+    int integer;
+    double real;
+  };
+
+  typedef std::map<std::string, parameter, detail::less_comparator> parameters_t;
+
+protected:
+  virtual bool request(const std::string &path, const parameters_t &params, response &resp) { return false; }
+
+private:
+  bool handshake(connection &conn) final override;
+
+  ptr<basic_tcp_client> accept(connection &conn) final override { return nullptr; }
+  void client_connected(client_ptr client) final override { }
+  void client_disconnected(client_ptr client) final override { }
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif // __HEADSOCKET_H__
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifdef HEADSOCKET_IMPLEMENTATION
+#ifndef __HEADSOCKET_H_IMPL__
+#define __HEADSOCKET_H_IMPL__
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <vector>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_OVERRIDE
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+#elif __ANDROID__
+#define HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_ANDROID
+#define HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_NIX
+#elif __APPLE__
+#include "TargetConditionals.h"
+#ifdef TARGET_OS_MAC
+#define HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_MAC
+#endif
+#elif __linux
+#define HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_NIX
+#elif __unix
+#define HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_NIX
+#elif __posix
+#define HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_NIX
+#else
+#error Unsupported platform!
+#endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#if defined(HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+#pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#include <functional>
+
+#elif defined(HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_ANDROID) || defined(HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_NIX)
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/socket.h>
+#include <netinet/ip.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#define HEADSOCKET_LOCK_SUFFIX(var, suffix) std::lock_guard<decltype(var)> __scope_lock##suffix(var);
+#define HEADSOCKET_LOCK_SUFFIX2(var, suffix) HEADSOCKET_LOCK_SUFFIX(var, suffix)
+#define HEADSOCKET_LOCK(var) HEADSOCKET_LOCK_SUFFIX2(var, __LINE__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace headsocket {
+
+namespace detail {
+#if defined(HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_WINDOWS)
+typedef SOCKET socket_type;
+static const int socket_error = SOCKET_ERROR;
+static const SOCKET invalid_socket = INVALID_SOCKET;
+void close_socket(socket_type s) { closesocket(s); }
+#define HEADSOCKET_SPRINTF sprintf_s
+#elif defined(HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_ANDROID) || defined(HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_NIX)
+typedef int socket_type;
+static const int socket_error = -1;
+static const int invalid_socket = -1;
+void close_socket(socket_type s) { close(s); }
+#define HEADSOCKET_SPRINTF sprintf
+#endif
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace detail {
+
+class sha1
+{
+public:
+  typedef uint32_t digest32_t[5];
+  typedef uint8_t digest8_t[20];
+
+  inline static uint32_t rotate_left(uint32_t value, size_t count) { return (value << count) ^ (value >> (32 - count)); }
+
+  sha1()
+  {
+    _digest[0] = 0x67452301;
+    _digest[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;
+    _digest[2] = 0x98BADCFE;
+    _digest[3] = 0x10325476;
+    _digest[4] = 0xC3D2E1F0;
+  }
+
+  ~sha1()
+  {
+
+  }
+
+  void process_byte(uint8_t octet)
+  {
+    _block[_block_byte_index++] = octet;
+    ++_byte_count;
+
+    if (_block_byte_index == 64)
+    {
+      _block_byte_index = 0;
+      process_block();
+    }
+  }
+
+  void process_block(const void *start, const void *end)
+  {
+    const uint8_t *begin = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(start);
+
+    while (begin != end)
+      process_byte(*begin++);
+  }
+
+  void process_bytes(const void *data, size_t len)
+  {
+    process_block(data, static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data) + len);
+  }
+
+  const uint32_t *get_digest(digest32_t digest)
+  {
+    size_t bitCount = _byte_count * 8;
+    process_byte(0x80);
+
+    if (_block_byte_index > 56)
+    {
+      while (_block_byte_index != 0)
+        process_byte(0);
+
+      while (_block_byte_index < 56)
+        process_byte(0);
+    }
+    else
+      while (_block_byte_index < 56)
+        process_byte(0);
+
+    process_byte(0);
+    process_byte(0);
+    process_byte(0);
+    process_byte(0);
+
+    for (int i = 24; i >= 0; i -= 8)
+      process_byte(static_cast<unsigned char>((bitCount >> i) & 0xFF));
+
+    memcpy(digest, _digest, 5 * sizeof(uint32_t));
+    return digest;
+  }
+
+  const uint8_t *get_digest_bytes(digest8_t digest)
+  {
+    digest32_t d32;
+    get_digest(d32);
+    size_t s[] = { 24, 16, 8, 0 };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; i < 20; ++i, j = i % 4)
+      digest[i] = ((d32[i >> 2] >> s[j]) & 0xFF);
+
+    return digest;
+  }
+
+private:
+  void process_block()
+  {
+    uint32_t w[80], s[] = { 24, 16, 8, 0 };
+
+    for (size_t i = 0, j = 0; i < 64; ++i, j = i % 4)
+      w[i / 4] = j ? (w[i / 4] | (_block[i] << s[j])) : (_block[i] << s[j]);
+
+    for (size_t i = 16; i < 80; i++)
+      w[i] = rotate_left((w[i - 3] ^ w[i - 8] ^ w[i - 14] ^ w[i - 16]), 1);
+
+    digest32_t dig = { _digest[0], _digest[1], _digest[2], _digest[3], _digest[4] };
+
+    for (size_t f, k, i = 0; i < 80; ++i)
+    {
+      if (i < 20)
+        f = (dig[1] & dig[2]) | (~dig[1] & dig[3]), k = 0x5A827999;
+      else if (i < 40)
+        f = dig[1] ^ dig[2] ^ dig[3], k = 0x6ED9EBA1;
+      else if (i < 60)
+        f = (dig[1] & dig[2]) | (dig[1] & dig[3]) | (dig[2] & dig[3]), k = 0x8F1BBCDC;
+      else
+        f = dig[1] ^ dig[2] ^ dig[3], k = 0xCA62C1D6;
+
+      uint32_t temp = static_cast<uint32_t>(rotate_left(dig[0], 5) + f + dig[4] + k + w[i]);
+      dig[4] = dig[3];
+      dig[3] = dig[2];
+      dig[2] = rotate_left(dig[1], 30);
+      dig[1] = dig[0];
+      dig[0] = temp;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
+      _digest[i] += dig[i];
+  }
+
+  digest32_t _digest;
+  uint8_t _block[64];
+  size_t _block_byte_index = 0;
+  size_t _byte_count = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct utils
+{
+  static std::string base64_encode(const void *ptr, size_t length)
+  {
+    static const char *encoding_table = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+    static size_t mod_table[] = { 0, 2, 1 };
+
+    std::string result(4 * ((length + 2) / 3), '=');
+
+    if (ptr && length)
+    {
+      const uint8_t *input = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(ptr);
+
+      for (size_t i = 0, j = 0, triplet = 0; i < length; triplet = 0)
+      {
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < 3; ++k)
+          triplet = (triplet << 8) | (i < length ? static_cast<uint8_t>(input[i++]) : 0);
+
+        for (size_t k = 4; k--;)
+          result[j++] = encoding_table[(triplet >> k * 6) & 0x3F];
+      }
+
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < mod_table[length % 3]; i++)
+        result[result.length() - 1 - i] = '=';
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  static size_t xor32(uint32_t key, void *ptr, size_t length)
+  {
+    uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(ptr);
+    uint8_t *mask = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(&key);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < length; ++i, ++data)
+      *data = (*data) ^ mask[i % 4];
+
+    return length;
+  }
+
+  static std::string url_encode(const std::string &str)
+  {
+    std::ostringstream result;
+    result.fill('0');
+    result << std::hex;
+
+    for (std::string::const_iterator i = str.begin(), n = str.end(); i != n; ++i)
+    {
+      auto c = (*i);
+
+      if (isalnum(c) || c == '-' || c == '_' || c == '.' || c == '~')
+        result << c;
+      else
+        result << '%' << std::setw(2) << static_cast<int>(c);
+    }
+
+    return result.str();
+  }
+
+  static std::string url_decode(const std::string &str)
+  {
+    std::ostringstream result;
+
+    for (size_t i = 0, S = str.length(); i < S; ++i)
+    {
+      auto c = str[i];
+
+      if (c == '%')
+      {
+        char hexBuff[3] = { 0, 0, 0 };
+        hexBuff[0] = str[++i];
+        hexBuff[1] = str[++i];
+
+        int value;
+        sscanf(hexBuff, "%x", &value);
+        result << static_cast<char>(value);
+      }
+      else if (c == '+')
+        result << ' ';
+      else
+        result << c;
+    }
+
+    return result.str();
+  }
+
+  static uint16_t swap16bits(uint16_t x) { return ((x & 0x00FF) << 8) | ((x & 0xFF00) >> 8); }
+
+  static uint32_t swap32bits(uint32_t x)
+  {
+    return ((x & 0x000000FF) << 24) | ((x & 0x0000FF00) << 8) | ((x & 0x00FF0000) >> 8) | ((x & 0xFF000000) >> 24);
+  }
+
+  static uint64_t swap64bits(uint64_t x)
+  {
+    return
+      ((x & 0x00000000000000FFULL) << 56) | ((x & 0x000000000000FF00ULL) << 40) | ((x & 0x0000000000FF0000ULL) << 24) |
+      ((x & 0x00000000FF000000ULL) << 8) | ((x & 0x000000FF00000000ULL) >> 8) | ((x & 0x0000FF0000000000ULL) >> 24) |
+      ((x & 0x00FF000000000000ULL) >> 40) | ((x & 0xFF00000000000000ULL) >> 56);
+  }
+
+  static std::string trim(const std::string &str)
+  {
+    size_t trimLeft = 0, trimRight = str.length() - 1;
+
+    while (trimLeft < str.length() && isspace(str[trimLeft]))
+      ++trimLeft;
+
+    while (trimRight < str.length() && isspace(str[trimRight]))
+      --trimRight;
+
+    return (trimRight >= str.length() || trimLeft >= str.length() || trimRight < trimLeft)
+      ? std::string("")
+      : str.substr(trimLeft, trimRight - trimLeft + 1);
+  }
+
+  static std::string cut_front(std::string &str, char delimiter = ' ', bool first = true, bool hungry = true)
+  {
+    std::string result;
+
+    auto pos = first ? str.find(delimiter) : str.rfind(delimiter);
+    if (pos == std::string::npos)
+    {
+      if (hungry)
+      {
+        result = str;
+        str = "";
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      result = str.substr(0, pos);
+      str = str.substr(pos + 1);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  static std::string cut_back(std::string &str, char delimiter = ' ', bool first = true, bool hungry = true)
+  {
+    std::string result;
+
+    auto pos = first ? str.rfind(delimiter) : str.find(delimiter);
+    if (pos == std::string::npos)
+    {
+      if (hungry)
+      {
+        result = str;
+        str = "";
+      }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      result = str.substr(pos + 1);
+      str = str.substr(0, pos);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+  }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct critical_section
+{
+  mutable std::atomic_bool consumer_lock;
+
+  critical_section()
+  {
+    consumer_lock = false;
+  }
+
+  void lock() const { while (consumer_lock.exchange(true)); }
+  void unlock() const { consumer_lock = false; }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T, typename M = critical_section>
+struct lockable_value : M
+{
+  T value;
+
+  T *operator->() { return &value; }
+  const T *operator->() const { return &value; }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct semaphore
+{
+  mutable std::atomic_size_t count;
+  mutable std::mutex mutex;
+  mutable std::condition_variable cv;
+
+  semaphore()
+  {
+    count = 0;
+  }
+
+  void lock(size_t minCount = 0) const
+  {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+    cv.wait(lock, [&]()->bool { return count > minCount; });
+    lock.release();
+  }
+
+  void unlock()
+  {
+    mutex.unlock();
+  }
+
+  void notify()
+  {
+    {
+      std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
+      ++count;
+    }
+
+    cv.notify_one();
+  }
+
+  void consume() const
+  {
+    if (count)
+      --count;
+  }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+struct data_block_buffer
+{
+  std::vector<data_block> blocks;
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer;
+
+  data_block_buffer()
+  {
+    buffer.reserve(65536);
+  }
+
+  data_block &block_begin(opcode op)
+  {
+    blocks.emplace_back(op, buffer.size());
+    return blocks.back();
+  }
+
+  data_block &block_end()
+  {
+    blocks.back().is_completed = true;
+    return blocks.back();
+  }
+
+  void block_remove()
+  {
+    if (blocks.empty())
+      return;
+
+    buffer.resize(blocks.back().offset);
+    blocks.pop_back();
+  }
+
+  void write(const void *ptr, size_t length)
+  {
+    if (!length)
+      return;
+
+    buffer.resize(buffer.size() + length);
+    memcpy(buffer.data() + buffer.size() - length, reinterpret_cast<const char *>(ptr), length);
+    blocks.back().length += length;
+  }
+
+  size_t read(void *ptr, size_t length)
+  {
+    if (!ptr || blocks.empty() || !blocks.front().is_completed)
+      return 0;
+
+    data_block &db = blocks.front();
+    size_t result = db.length >= length ? length : db.length;
+
+    if (result)
+    {
+      memcpy(ptr, buffer.data() + db.offset, result);
+      buffer.erase(buffer.begin(), buffer.begin() + result);
+    }
+
+    if (!(db.length -= result))
+      blocks.erase(blocks.begin());
+    else
+      blocks.front().op = opcode::continuation;
+
+    if (result) for (auto &block : blocks) if (block.offset > db.offset)
+          block.offset -= result;
+
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  size_t peek(opcode *op = nullptr) const
+  {
+    if (blocks.empty() || !blocks.front().is_completed)
+      return 0;
+
+    if (op)
+      *op = blocks.front().op;
+
+    return blocks.front().length;
+  }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool handshake_websocket(connection &conn)
+{
+  std::string line, key;
+
+  while (conn.read_line(line))
+  {
+    if (line.empty())
+      break;
+
+    if (!memcmp(line.c_str(), "Sec-WebSocket-Key: ", 19))
+      key = line.substr(19);
+  }
+
+  if (key.empty())
+    return false;
+
+  key += "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11";
+
+  detail::sha1 sha;
+  detail::sha1::digest8_t digest;
+  sha.process_bytes(key.c_str(), key.length());
+
+  std::string response = "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\r\nUpgrade: websocket\r\nConnection: Upgrade\r\nSec-WebSocket-Accept: ";
+  response += detail::utils::base64_encode(sha.get_digest_bytes(digest), 20);
+  response += "\r\n\r\n";
+
+  return conn.force_write(response.c_str(), response.length());
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifdef HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+void set_thread_name(const char *name)
+{
+}
+#else
+void set_thread_name(const char *name)
+{
+
+}
+#endif
+
+} // namespace detail;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace detail {
+  
+struct connection_impl
+{
+  detail::socket_type socket = detail::invalid_socket;
+  sockaddr_in from;
+  size_t id = 0;
+
+  void assign(const connection_impl &impl)
+  {
+    socket = impl.socket;
+    from = impl.from;
+    id = impl.id;
+  }
+
+  void close()
+  {
+    if (socket != detail::invalid_socket)
+    {
+      detail::close_socket(socket);
+      socket = detail::invalid_socket;
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+connection::connection(const detail::connection_impl &impl)
+  : _p(std::make_unique<detail::connection_impl>())
+{
+  _p->assign(impl);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+connection::~connection()
+{
+  
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool connection::is_valid() const { return _p->socket != detail::invalid_socket; }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t connection::id() const { return _p->id; }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t connection::write(const void *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  if (!is_valid())
+    return detail::socket_error;
+
+  if (!ptr || !length)
+    return 0;
+
+  int result = send(_p->socket, static_cast<const char *>(ptr), static_cast<int>(length), 0);
+
+  if (!result || result == detail::socket_error)
+    return 0;
+
+  return static_cast<size_t>(result);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool connection::force_write(const void *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  if (!is_valid())
+    return false;
+
+  if (!ptr)
+    return true;
+
+  const char *chPtr = static_cast<const char *>(ptr);
+
+  while (length)
+  {
+    int result = send(_p->socket, chPtr, static_cast<int>(length), 0);
+
+    if (!result || result == detail::socket_error)
+      return false;
+
+    length -= static_cast<size_t>(result);
+    chPtr += result;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t connection::read(void *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  if (!is_valid())
+    return detail::socket_error;
+
+  if (!ptr || !length)
+    return 0;
+
+  int result = recv(_p->socket, static_cast<char *>(ptr), static_cast<int>(length), 0);
+
+  if (!result || result == detail::socket_error)
+    return 0;
+
+  return static_cast<size_t>(result);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool connection::force_read(void *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  if (!is_valid())
+    return false;
+
+  if (!ptr)
+    return true;
+
+  char *chPtr = static_cast<char *>(ptr);
+
+  while (length)
+  {
+    int result = recv(_p->socket, chPtr, static_cast<int>(length), 0);
+
+    if (!result || result == detail::socket_error)
+      return false;
+
+    length -= static_cast<size_t>(result);
+    chPtr += result;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool connection::read_line(std::string &output)
+{
+  if (!is_valid())
+    return false;
+
+  output = "";
+
+  while (true)
+  {
+    char ch;
+    int r = recv(_p->socket, &ch, 1, 0);
+
+    if (!r || r == detail::socket_error)
+      return false;
+
+    if (ch == '\n')
+      break;
+    else if (ch != '\r')
+      output += ch;
+  }
+
+  return true;
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace detail {
+
+struct basic_tcp_client_ref
+{
+  size_t refCount = 0;
+  ptr<basic_tcp_client> client;
+
+  basic_tcp_client_ref(ptr<basic_tcp_client> c)
+    : client(c)
+  {
+  
+  }
+};
+
+struct basic_tcp_server_impl
+{
+  std::atomic_bool isRunning;
+  std::atomic_bool disconnectThreadQuit;
+  sockaddr_in local;
+  detail::lockable_value<std::vector<basic_tcp_client_ref>> connections;
+  detail::semaphore disconnectSemaphore;
+  int port = 0;
+  detail::socket_type serverSocket = invalid_socket;
+  std::unique_ptr<std::thread> acceptThread;
+  std::unique_ptr<std::thread> disconnectThread;
+  id_t nextClientID = 1;
+
+  basic_tcp_server_impl()
+  {
+    isRunning = false;
+    disconnectThreadQuit = false;
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+basic_tcp_server::basic_tcp_server(int port)
+  : _p(std::make_unique<detail::basic_tcp_server_impl>())
+{
+#ifdef HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+  WSADATA wsaData;
+  WSAStartup(0x101, &wsaData);
+#endif
+
+  _p->local.sin_family = AF_INET;
+  _p->local.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
+  _p->local.sin_port = htons(static_cast<unsigned short>(port));
+
+  _p->serverSocket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
+
+  int opt_enable = 1;
+  setsockopt(_p->serverSocket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const char*) &opt_enable, sizeof(int));
+
+  if (bind(_p->serverSocket, reinterpret_cast<sockaddr *>(&_p->local), sizeof(_p->local)) != 0)
+    return;
+
+  if (listen(_p->serverSocket, 8))
+    return;
+
+  _p->isRunning = true;
+  _p->port = port;
+  _p->acceptThread = std::make_unique<std::thread>(std::bind(&basic_tcp_server::accept_thread, this));
+  _p->disconnectThread = std::make_unique<std::thread>(std::bind(&basic_tcp_server::disconnect_thread, this));
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+basic_tcp_server::~basic_tcp_server()
+{
+  stop();
+
+#ifdef HEADSOCKET_PLATFORM_WINDOWS
+  WSACleanup();
+#endif
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int basic_tcp_server::port() const { return _p->port; }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void basic_tcp_server::stop()
+{
+  if (_p->isRunning.exchange(false))
+  {
+    detail::close_socket(_p->serverSocket);
+
+    {
+      acquire_clients();
+
+      for (size_t i = 0, S = num_clients(); i < S; ++i)
+        client_at(i)->disconnect();
+
+      release_clients();
+    }
+
+    if (_p->acceptThread)
+    {
+      _p->acceptThread->join();
+      _p->acceptThread = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if (_p->disconnectThread)
+    {
+      _p->disconnectThreadQuit = true;
+      _p->disconnectSemaphore.notify();
+
+      _p->disconnectThread->join();
+      _p->disconnectThread = nullptr;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool basic_tcp_server::is_running() const { return _p->isRunning; }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool basic_tcp_server::disconnect(ptr<basic_tcp_client> client)
+{
+  bool found = false;
+
+  if (client)
+  {
+    {
+      HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+      for (size_t i = 0, S = _p->connections->size(); i < S; ++i)
+        if (_p->connections->at(i).client == client)
+        {
+          found = true;
+          break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (found && !client->disconnect())
+    {
+      client_disconnected(client);
+      _p->disconnectSemaphore.notify();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return found;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool basic_tcp_server::disconnect(id_t id)
+{
+  bool found = false;
+
+  if (id)
+  {
+    ptr<basic_tcp_client> client;
+
+    {
+      HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+      for (size_t i = 0, S = _p->connections->size(); i < S; ++i)
+        if (_p->connections->at(i).client->id() == id)
+        {
+          client = _p->connections->at(i).client;
+          found = true;
+          break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (found && !client->disconnect())
+    {
+      client_disconnected(client);
+      _p->disconnectSemaphore.notify();
+    }
+  }
+
+  return found;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ptr<basic_tcp_client> basic_tcp_server::client_at(size_t index) const
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+  return index < _p->connections->size() ? _p->connections->at(index).client : nullptr;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t basic_tcp_server::num_clients() const
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+  return _p->connections->size();
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t basic_tcp_server::acquire_clients() const
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+
+  for (auto &clientRef : _p->connections.value)
+    ++clientRef.refCount;
+
+  return _p->connections->size();
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void basic_tcp_server::release_clients() const
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+
+  for (auto &clientRef : _p->connections.value)
+    --clientRef.refCount;
+
+  remove_disconnected();
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void basic_tcp_server::remove_disconnected() const
+{
+  size_t i = 0;
+
+  while (i < _p->connections->size())
+  {
+    auto &clientRef = _p->connections.value[i];
+
+    if (!clientRef.client->is_connected() && clientRef.refCount == 0)
+    {
+      clientRef.client->on_disconnect();
+      _p->connections->erase(_p->connections->begin() + i);
+    }
+    else
+      ++i;
+  }
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void basic_tcp_server::accept_thread()
+{
+  detail::set_thread_name("BaseTcpServer::acceptThread");
+
+  while (_p->isRunning)
+  {
+    detail::connection_impl conn_impl;
+    conn_impl.socket = ::accept(_p->serverSocket, reinterpret_cast<struct sockaddr *>(&conn_impl.from), nullptr);
+    conn_impl.id = _p->nextClientID++;
+
+    if (!_p->nextClientID)
+      ++_p->nextClientID;
+
+    if (!_p->isRunning)
+      break;
+
+    if (conn_impl.socket != detail::invalid_socket)
+    {
+      connection conn(conn_impl);
+
+      ptr<basic_tcp_client> newClient;
+      bool failed = false;
+
+      if (handshake(conn))
+      {
+        if ((newClient = accept(conn)))
+        {
+          newClient->on_accept();
+
+          HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+          _p->connections->push_back(newClient);
+        }
+        else {
+            failed = true;
+        }
+      }
+      else {
+          failed = true;
+      }
+
+      if (failed)
+      {
+        conn_impl.close();
+        --_p->nextClientID;
+
+        if (!_p->nextClientID)
+          --_p->nextClientID;
+      }
+      else
+        client_connected(newClient);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void basic_tcp_server::disconnect_thread()
+{
+  detail::set_thread_name("BaseTcpServer::disconnectThread");
+
+  while (!_p->disconnectThreadQuit)
+  {
+    {
+      HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->disconnectSemaphore);
+      HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_p->connections);
+
+      remove_disconnected();
+      _p->disconnectSemaphore.consume();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace detail {
+
+struct basic_tcp_client_impl
+{
+  std::atomic_int refCount;
+  std::atomic_bool isConnected;
+  std::weak_ptr<basic_tcp_server> server;
+  connection conn = detail::connection_impl();
+  std::string address = "";
+  int port = 0;
+
+  basic_tcp_client_impl()
+  {
+    refCount = 0;
+    isConnected = false;
+  }
+};
+
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+basic_tcp_client::basic_tcp_client(const std::string &address, int port)
+  : _p(std::make_unique<detail::basic_tcp_client_impl>())
+{
+  struct addrinfo *result = nullptr, *ptr = nullptr, hints;
+
+  memset(&hints, 0, sizeof(hints));
+  hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
+  hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
+  hints.ai_protocol = IPPROTO_TCP;
+
+  char buff[16];
+  HEADSOCKET_SPRINTF(buff, "%d", port);
+
+  if (getaddrinfo(address.c_str(), buff, &hints, &result))
+    return;
+
+  for (ptr = result; ptr != nullptr; ptr = ptr->ai_next)
+  {
+    _p->conn.impl()->socket = socket(ptr->ai_family, ptr->ai_socktype, ptr->ai_protocol);
+
+    if (!_p->conn.is_valid())
+      return;
+
+    if (connect(_p->conn.impl()->socket, ptr->ai_addr, static_cast<int>(ptr->ai_addrlen)) == detail::socket_error)
+    {
+      detail::close_socket(_p->conn.impl()->socket);
+      _p->conn.impl()->socket = detail::invalid_socket;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    break;
+  }
+
+  freeaddrinfo(result);
+
+  if (!_p->conn.is_valid())
+    return;
+
+  _p->address = address;
+  _p->port = port;
+  _p->isConnected = true;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+basic_tcp_client::basic_tcp_client(ptr<basic_tcp_server> server, connection &conn)
+  : _p(std::make_unique<detail::basic_tcp_client_impl>())
+{
+  _p->server = server;
+  _p->conn.impl()->assign(*(conn.impl()));
+  _p->isConnected = true;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+basic_tcp_client::~basic_tcp_client()
+{
+  disconnect();
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool basic_tcp_client::disconnect()
+{
+  bool wasConnected = _p->isConnected.exchange(false);
+
+  if (wasConnected)
+  {
+    _p->conn.impl()->close();
+
+    ptr<basic_tcp_server> s = server();
+
+    if (s)
+      s->disconnect(_p->conn.id());
+  }
+
+  return wasConnected;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool basic_tcp_client::is_connected() const { return _p->isConnected; }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ptr<basic_tcp_server> basic_tcp_client::server() const { return _p->server.lock(); }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+id_t basic_tcp_client::id() const { return _p->conn.id(); }
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tcp_client::tcp_client(const std::string &address, int port)
+  : base_t(address, port)
+{
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tcp_client::tcp_client(ptr<basic_tcp_server> server, connection &conn)
+  : base_t(server, conn)
+{
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+tcp_client::~tcp_client()
+{
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t tcp_client::write(const void *ptr, size_t length) { return _p->conn.write(ptr, length); }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t tcp_client::read(void *ptr, size_t length) { return _p->conn.read(ptr, length); }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool tcp_client::force_write(const void *ptr, size_t length) { return _p->conn.force_write(ptr, length); }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool tcp_client::force_read(void *ptr, size_t length) { return _p->conn.force_read(ptr, length); }
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool tcp_client::read_line(std::string &output) { return _p->conn.read_line(output); }
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace detail {
+
+struct async_tcp_client_impl
+{
+  detail::semaphore writeSemaphore;
+  detail::lockable_value<detail::data_block_buffer> writeBlocks;
+  detail::lockable_value<detail::data_block_buffer> readBlocks;
+  std::unique_ptr<std::thread> writeThread;
+  std::unique_ptr<std::thread> readThread;
+  std::atomic_int threadCounter = { 0 };
+};
+
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async_tcp_client::async_tcp_client(const std::string &address, int port)
+  : base_t(address, port)
+  , _ap(std::make_unique<detail::async_tcp_client_impl>())
+{
+  
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async_tcp_client::async_tcp_client(ptr<basic_tcp_server> server, connection &conn)
+  : base_t(server, conn)
+  , _ap(new detail::async_tcp_client_impl())
+{
+  
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async_tcp_client::~async_tcp_client()
+{
+  disconnect();
+
+  _ap->writeSemaphore.notify();
+  _ap->writeThread->join();
+  _ap->readThread->join();
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void async_tcp_client::push(const void *ptr, size_t length, opcode opcode)
+{
+  if (!ptr)
+    return;
+
+  {
+    HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->writeBlocks);
+    _ap->writeBlocks->block_begin(opcode);
+    _ap->writeBlocks->write(ptr, length);
+    _ap->writeBlocks->block_end();
+  }
+
+  _ap->writeSemaphore.notify();
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void async_tcp_client::push(const void *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  push(ptr, length, opcode::binary);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void async_tcp_client::push(const std::string &text)
+{
+  push(text.c_str(), text.length(), opcode::text);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t async_tcp_client::peek() const
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->readBlocks);
+  return _ap->readBlocks->peek(nullptr);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t async_tcp_client::pop(void *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  if (!ptr)
+    return invalid_operation;
+
+  if (!length)
+    return 0;
+
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->readBlocks);
+  return _ap->readBlocks->read(ptr, length);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void async_tcp_client::init_threads()
+{
+  _ap->threadCounter = 0;
+  _ap->writeThread = std::make_unique<std::thread>(std::bind(&async_tcp_client::write_thread, this));
+  _ap->readThread = std::make_unique<std::thread>(std::bind(&async_tcp_client::read_thread, this));
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void async_tcp_client::write_thread()
+{
+  ++_ap->threadCounter;
+  detail::set_thread_name("AsyncTcpClient::writeThread");
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024 * 1024);
+
+  while (_p->isConnected)
+  {
+    size_t written = 0;
+    {
+      HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->writeSemaphore);
+
+      if (!_p->isConnected)
+        break;
+
+      written = async_write_handler(buffer.data(), buffer.size());
+    }
+
+    if (written == invalid_operation)
+      break;
+
+    if (!written)
+      buffer.resize(buffer.size() * 2);
+    else
+    {
+      const char *cursor = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(buffer.data());
+
+      while (written)
+      {
+        int result = send(_p->conn.impl()->socket, cursor, static_cast<int>(written), 0);
+
+        if (!result || result == detail::socket_error)
+          break;
+
+        cursor += result;
+        written -= static_cast<size_t>(result);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  kill_threads();
+  --_ap->threadCounter;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t async_tcp_client::async_write_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->writeBlocks);
+ 
+  size_t toWrite = _ap->writeBlocks->peek(nullptr);
+  size_t toConsume = length > toWrite ? toWrite : length;
+  _ap->writeBlocks->read(ptr, toConsume);
+
+  if (toWrite == toConsume)
+    _ap->writeSemaphore.consume();
+
+  return toConsume;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t async_tcp_client::async_read_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->readBlocks);
+
+  _ap->readBlocks->block_begin(opcode::binary);
+  _ap->readBlocks->write(ptr, length);
+  _ap->readBlocks->block_end();
+
+  return length;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void async_tcp_client::read_thread()
+{
+  ++_ap->threadCounter;
+  detail::set_thread_name("AsyncTcpClient::readThread");
+
+  std::vector<uint8_t> buffer(1024 * 1024);
+  size_t bufferBytes = 0, consumed = 0;
+
+  while (_p->isConnected)
+  {
+    while (true)
+    {
+      int result = static_cast<int>(bufferBytes);
+
+      if (!result || !consumed)
+      {
+        result = recv(
+          _p->conn.impl()->socket,
+          reinterpret_cast<char *>(buffer.data() + bufferBytes),
+          static_cast<int>(buffer.size() - bufferBytes),
+          0);
+
+        if (!result || result == detail::socket_error)
+        {
+          consumed = invalid_operation;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        bufferBytes += static_cast<size_t>(result);
+      }
+
+      consumed = async_read_handler(buffer.data(), bufferBytes);
+
+      if (!consumed)
+      {
+        if (bufferBytes == buffer.size())
+          buffer.resize(buffer.size() * 2);
+      }
+      else
+        break;
+    }
+
+    if (consumed == invalid_operation)
+      break;
+
+    bufferBytes -= consumed;
+
+    if (bufferBytes)
+      memcpy(buffer.data(), buffer.data() + consumed, bufferBytes);
+  }
+
+  kill_threads();
+  --_ap->threadCounter;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void async_tcp_client::kill_threads()
+{
+  if (std::this_thread::get_id() == _ap->readThread->get_id())
+    _ap->writeSemaphore.notify();
+
+  disconnect();
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+web_socket_client::web_socket_client(const std::string &address, int port)
+  : base_t(address, port)
+{
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+web_socket_client::web_socket_client(ptr<basic_tcp_server> server, connection &conn)
+  : base_t(server, conn)
+{
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+web_socket_client::~web_socket_client()
+{
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t web_socket_client::peek(opcode *op) const
+{
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->readBlocks);
+  return _ap->readBlocks->peek(op);
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t web_socket_client::async_write_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  uint8_t *cursor = ptr;
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->writeBlocks);
+
+  while (length >= 16)
+  {
+    opcode op{};
+    size_t toWrite = _ap->writeBlocks->peek(&op);
+    size_t toConsume = (length - 15) > frame_size_limit ? frame_size_limit : (length - 15);
+    toConsume = toConsume > toWrite ? toWrite : toConsume;
+
+    frame_header header;
+    header.fin = (toWrite - toConsume) == 0;
+    header.op = op;
+    header.masked = false;
+    header.payload_length = toConsume;
+
+    size_t headerSize = header.write(cursor, length);
+    cursor += headerSize;
+    length -= headerSize;
+    _ap->writeBlocks->read(cursor, toConsume);
+    cursor += toConsume;
+    length -= toConsume;
+
+    if (header.fin)
+      _ap->writeSemaphore.consume();
+
+    if (!_ap->writeBlocks->peek(&op))
+      break;
+  }
+
+  return cursor - ptr;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t web_socket_client::async_read_handler(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  uint8_t *cursor = ptr;
+  HEADSOCKET_LOCK(_ap->readBlocks);
+
+  if (!_payload_size)
+  {
+    opcode prevOpcode = _current_header.op;
+    size_t headerSize = _current_header.read(cursor, length);
+
+    if (!headerSize)
+      return 0;
+    else if (headerSize == invalid_operation)
+      return invalid_operation;
+
+    _payload_size = _current_header.payload_length;
+    cursor += headerSize;
+    length -= headerSize;
+
+    if (_current_header.op != opcode::continuation)
+      _ap->readBlocks->block_begin(_current_header.op);
+    else
+      _current_header.op = prevOpcode;
+  }
+
+  if (_payload_size)
+  {
+    size_t toConsume = length >= _payload_size ? _payload_size : length;
+
+    if (toConsume)
+    {
+      _ap->readBlocks->write(cursor, toConsume);
+      _payload_size -= toConsume;
+      cursor += toConsume;
+      length -= toConsume;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (!_payload_size)
+  {
+    if (_current_header.masked)
+    {
+      //data_block &db = _ap->readBlocks->blocks.back();
+      size_t len = _current_header.payload_length;
+      detail::utils::xor32(_current_header.masking_key, _ap->readBlocks->buffer.data() + _ap->readBlocks->buffer.size() - len, len);
+    }
+
+    if (_current_header.fin)
+    {
+      data_block &db = _ap->readBlocks->blocks.back();
+
+      switch (_current_header.op)
+      {
+        case opcode::ping:
+          push(_ap->readBlocks->buffer.data() + db.offset, db.length, opcode::pong);
+          break;
+
+        case opcode::text:
+          _ap->readBlocks->buffer.push_back(0);
+          ++db.length;
+          break;
+
+        case opcode::connection_close:
+          kill_threads();
+          break;
+
+        default:
+          break;
+      }
+
+      if (_current_header.op == opcode::text || _current_header.op == opcode::binary)
+      {
+        _ap->readBlocks->block_end();
+        if (async_received_data(db, _ap->readBlocks->buffer.data() + db.offset, db.length))
+          _ap->readBlocks->block_remove();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return cursor - ptr;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#define HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(num) if (length < num) return 0; else length -= num;
+size_t web_socket_client::frame_header::read(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length)
+{
+  const uint8_t *cursor = ptr;
+  HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(2);
+  this->fin = ((*cursor) & 0x80) != 0;
+  this->op = static_cast<opcode>((*cursor++) & 0x0F);
+
+  this->masked = ((*cursor) & 0x80) != 0;
+  uint8_t byte = (*cursor++) & 0x7F;
+
+  if (byte < 126)
+    this->payload_length = byte;
+  else if (byte == 126)
+  {
+    HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(2);
+    this->payload_length = detail::utils::swap16bits(*(reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(cursor)));
+    cursor += 2;
+  }
+  else if (byte == 127)
+  {
+    HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(8);
+    uint64_t length64 = detail::utils::swap64bits(*(reinterpret_cast<const uint64_t *>(cursor))) & 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFULL;
+    this->payload_length = static_cast<size_t>(length64);
+    cursor += 8;
+  }
+
+  if (this->masked)
+  {
+    HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(4);
+    this->masking_key = *(reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t *>(cursor));
+    cursor += 4;
+  }
+
+  return cursor - ptr;
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t web_socket_client::frame_header::write(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) const
+{
+  uint8_t *cursor = ptr;
+  HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(2);
+  *cursor = this->fin ? 0x80 : 0x00;
+  *cursor++ |= static_cast<uint8_t>(this->op);
+
+  *cursor = this->masked ? 0x80 : 0x00;
+
+  if (this->payload_length < 126)
+    *cursor++ |= static_cast<uint8_t>(this->payload_length);
+  else if (this->payload_length < 65536)
+  {
+    HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(2);
+    *cursor++ |= 126;
+    *reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(cursor) = detail::utils::swap16bits(static_cast<uint16_t>(this->payload_length));
+    cursor += 2;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(8);
+    *cursor++ |= 127;
+    *reinterpret_cast<uint64_t *>(cursor) = detail::utils::swap64bits(static_cast<uint64_t>(this->payload_length));
+    cursor += 8;
+  }
+
+  if (this->masked)
+  {
+    HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES(4);
+    *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(cursor) = this->masking_key;
+    cursor += 4;
+  }
+
+  return cursor - ptr;
+}
+#undef HAVE_ENOUGH_BYTES
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+namespace detail {
+
+}
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool http_server::handshake(connection &conn)
+{
+  std::string requestLine;
+
+  if (!conn.read_line(requestLine))
+    return false;
+
+  std::string headerLine;
+  while (conn.read_line(headerLine))
+  {
+    if (headerLine.empty())
+      break;
+  }
+
+  std::string method = detail::utils::cut_front(requestLine);
+  std::string path = detail::utils::url_decode(detail::utils::cut_front(requestLine));
+  
+  if (!path.empty() && path.front() == '/') path = path.substr(1);
+  if (!path.empty() && path.back() == '/') path = path.substr(0, path.length() - 1);
+
+  std::string params_get = detail::utils::cut_back(path, '?', false, false);
+  std::string version = detail::utils::cut_front(requestLine);
+  
+  parameters_t params;
+  std::string param_str;
+  while (!(param_str = detail::utils::cut_front(params_get, '&')).empty())
+  {
+    parameter param;
+    param.name = detail::utils::cut_front(param_str, '=');
+    param.value = param_str;
+    param.integer = atoi(param_str.c_str());
+    param.real = atof(param_str.c_str());
+    param.boolean = (param.integer != 0) || (param_str == "true");
+
+    params[param.name] = param;
+  }
+
+  response resp;
+  if (path != "favicon.ico" && request(path, params, resp))
+  {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << version << " 200 OK\r\n";
+    ss << "Content-Type: " << resp.content_type << "\r\n";
+    ss << "Content-Length: " << resp.message.length() << "\r\n\r\n";
+    ss << resp.message;
+
+    conn.write(ss.str());
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    conn.write(version);
+    conn.write(" 404 Not Found\r\n");
+  }
+
+  return false;
+}
+
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/external/http-parser/http_parser.c b/external/http-parser/http_parser.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b88747a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/http-parser/http_parser.c
@@ -0,0 +1,2480 @@
+/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#include "http_parser.h"
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#ifndef ULLONG_MAX
+# define ULLONG_MAX ((uint64_t) -1) /* 2^64-1 */
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MIN
+# define MIN(a,b) ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ARRAY_SIZE
+# define ARRAY_SIZE(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef BIT_AT
+# define BIT_AT(a, i)                                                \
+  (!!((unsigned int) (a)[(unsigned int) (i) >> 3] &                  \
+   (1 << ((unsigned int) (i) & 7))))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ELEM_AT
+# define ELEM_AT(a, i, v) ((unsigned int) (i) < ARRAY_SIZE(a) ? (a)[(i)] : (v))
+#endif
+
+#define SET_ERRNO(e)                                                 \
+do {                                                                 \
+  parser->nread = nread;                                             \
+  parser->http_errno = (e);                                          \
+} while(0)
+
+#define CURRENT_STATE() p_state
+#define UPDATE_STATE(V) p_state = (enum state) (V);
+#define RETURN(V)                                                    \
+do {                                                                 \
+  parser->nread = nread;                                             \
+  parser->state = CURRENT_STATE();                                   \
+  return (V);                                                        \
+} while (0);
+#define REEXECUTE()                                                  \
+  goto reexecute;                                                    \
+
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+# define LIKELY(X) __builtin_expect(!!(X), 1)
+# define UNLIKELY(X) __builtin_expect(!!(X), 0)
+#else
+# define LIKELY(X) (X)
+# define UNLIKELY(X) (X)
+#endif
+
+
+/* Run the notify callback FOR, returning ER if it fails */
+#define CALLBACK_NOTIFY_(FOR, ER)                                    \
+do {                                                                 \
+  assert(HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK);                       \
+                                                                     \
+  if (LIKELY(settings->on_##FOR)) {                                  \
+    parser->state = CURRENT_STATE();                                 \
+    if (UNLIKELY(0 != settings->on_##FOR(parser))) {                 \
+      SET_ERRNO(HPE_CB_##FOR);                                       \
+    }                                                                \
+    UPDATE_STATE(parser->state);                                     \
+                                                                     \
+    /* We either errored above or got paused; get out */             \
+    if (UNLIKELY(HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK)) {             \
+      return (ER);                                                   \
+    }                                                                \
+  }                                                                  \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Run the notify callback FOR and consume the current byte */
+#define CALLBACK_NOTIFY(FOR)            CALLBACK_NOTIFY_(FOR, p - data + 1)
+
+/* Run the notify callback FOR and don't consume the current byte */
+#define CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE(FOR)  CALLBACK_NOTIFY_(FOR, p - data)
+
+/* Run data callback FOR with LEN bytes, returning ER if it fails */
+#define CALLBACK_DATA_(FOR, LEN, ER)                                 \
+do {                                                                 \
+  assert(HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK);                       \
+                                                                     \
+  if (FOR##_mark) {                                                  \
+    if (LIKELY(settings->on_##FOR)) {                                \
+      parser->state = CURRENT_STATE();                               \
+      if (UNLIKELY(0 !=                                              \
+                   settings->on_##FOR(parser, FOR##_mark, (LEN)))) { \
+        SET_ERRNO(HPE_CB_##FOR);                                     \
+      }                                                              \
+      UPDATE_STATE(parser->state);                                   \
+                                                                     \
+      /* We either errored above or got paused; get out */           \
+      if (UNLIKELY(HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK)) {           \
+        return (ER);                                                 \
+      }                                                              \
+    }                                                                \
+    FOR##_mark = NULL;                                               \
+  }                                                                  \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Run the data callback FOR and consume the current byte */
+#define CALLBACK_DATA(FOR)                                           \
+    CALLBACK_DATA_(FOR, p - FOR##_mark, p - data + 1)
+
+/* Run the data callback FOR and don't consume the current byte */
+#define CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(FOR)                                 \
+    CALLBACK_DATA_(FOR, p - FOR##_mark, p - data)
+
+/* Set the mark FOR; non-destructive if mark is already set */
+#define MARK(FOR)                                                    \
+do {                                                                 \
+  if (!FOR##_mark) {                                                 \
+    FOR##_mark = p;                                                  \
+  }                                                                  \
+} while (0)
+
+/* Don't allow the total size of the HTTP headers (including the status
+ * line) to exceed HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE.  This check is here to protect
+ * embedders against denial-of-service attacks where the attacker feeds
+ * us a never-ending header that the embedder keeps buffering.
+ *
+ * This check is arguably the responsibility of embedders but we're doing
+ * it on the embedder's behalf because most won't bother and this way we
+ * make the web a little safer.  HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE is still far bigger
+ * than any reasonable request or response so this should never affect
+ * day-to-day operation.
+ */
+#define COUNT_HEADER_SIZE(V)                                         \
+do {                                                                 \
+  nread += (V);                                                      \
+  if (UNLIKELY(nread > (HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE))) {                    \
+    SET_ERRNO(HPE_HEADER_OVERFLOW);                                  \
+    goto error;                                                      \
+  }                                                                  \
+} while (0)
+
+
+#define PROXY_CONNECTION "proxy-connection"
+#define CONNECTION "connection"
+#define CONTENT_LENGTH "content-length"
+#define TRANSFER_ENCODING "transfer-encoding"
+#define UPGRADE "upgrade"
+#define CHUNKED "chunked"
+#define KEEP_ALIVE "keep-alive"
+#define CLOSE "close"
+
+
+static const char *method_strings[] =
+        {
+#define XX(num, name, string) #string,
+                HTTP_METHOD_MAP(XX)
+#undef XX
+        };
+
+
+/* Tokens as defined by rfc 2616. Also lowercases them.
+ *        token       = 1*<any CHAR except CTLs or separators>
+ *     separators     = "(" | ")" | "<" | ">" | "@"
+ *                    | "," | ";" | ":" | "\" | <">
+ *                    | "/" | "[" | "]" | "?" | "="
+ *                    | "{" | "}" | SP | HT
+ */
+static const char tokens[256] = {
+/*   0 nul    1 soh    2 stx    3 etx    4 eot    5 enq    6 ack    7 bel  */
+        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
+/*   8 bs     9 ht    10 nl    11 vt    12 np    13 cr    14 so    15 si   */
+        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
+/*  16 dle   17 dc1   18 dc2   19 dc3   20 dc4   21 nak   22 syn   23 etb */
+        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
+/*  24 can   25 em    26 sub   27 esc   28 fs    29 gs    30 rs    31 us  */
+        0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
+/*  32 sp    33  !    34  "    35  #    36  $    37  %    38  &    39  '  */
+        ' ',     '!',      0,      '#',     '$',     '%',     '&',    '\'',
+/*  40  (    41  )    42  *    43  +    44  ,    45  -    46  .    47  /  */
+        0,       0,      '*',     '+',      0,      '-',     '.',      0,
+/*  48  0    49  1    50  2    51  3    52  4    53  5    54  6    55  7  */
+        '0',     '1',     '2',     '3',     '4',     '5',     '6',     '7',
+/*  56  8    57  9    58  :    59  ;    60  <    61  =    62  >    63  ?  */
+        '8',     '9',      0,       0,       0,       0,       0,       0,
+/*  64  @    65  A    66  B    67  C    68  D    69  E    70  F    71  G  */
+        0,      'a',     'b',     'c',     'd',     'e',     'f',     'g',
+/*  72  H    73  I    74  J    75  K    76  L    77  M    78  N    79  O  */
+        'h',     'i',     'j',     'k',     'l',     'm',     'n',     'o',
+/*  80  P    81  Q    82  R    83  S    84  T    85  U    86  V    87  W  */
+        'p',     'q',     'r',     's',     't',     'u',     'v',     'w',
+/*  88  X    89  Y    90  Z    91  [    92  \    93  ]    94  ^    95  _  */
+        'x',     'y',     'z',      0,       0,       0,      '^',     '_',
+/*  96  `    97  a    98  b    99  c   100  d   101  e   102  f   103  g  */
+        '`',     'a',     'b',     'c',     'd',     'e',     'f',     'g',
+/* 104  h   105  i   106  j   107  k   108  l   109  m   110  n   111  o  */
+        'h',     'i',     'j',     'k',     'l',     'm',     'n',     'o',
+/* 112  p   113  q   114  r   115  s   116  t   117  u   118  v   119  w  */
+        'p',     'q',     'r',     's',     't',     'u',     'v',     'w',
+/* 120  x   121  y   122  z   123  {   124  |   125  }   126  ~   127 del */
+        'x',     'y',     'z',      0,      '|',      0,      '~',       0 };
+
+
+static const int8_t unhex[256] =
+        {-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+                ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+                ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+                , 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+                ,-1,10,11,12,13,14,15,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+                ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+                ,-1,10,11,12,13,14,15,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+                ,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1,-1
+        };
+
+
+#if HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
+# define T(v) 0
+#else
+# define T(v) v
+#endif
+
+
+static const uint8_t normal_url_char[32] = {
+/*   0 nul    1 soh    2 stx    3 etx    4 eot    5 enq    6 ack    7 bel  */
+        0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0,
+/*   8 bs     9 ht    10 nl    11 vt    12 np    13 cr    14 so    15 si   */
+        0    | T(2)   |   0    |   0    | T(16)  |   0    |   0    |   0,
+/*  16 dle   17 dc1   18 dc2   19 dc3   20 dc4   21 nak   22 syn   23 etb */
+        0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0,
+/*  24 can   25 em    26 sub   27 esc   28 fs    29 gs    30 rs    31 us  */
+        0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0    |   0,
+/*  32 sp    33  !    34  "    35  #    36  $    37  %    38  &    39  '  */
+        0    |   2    |   4    |   0    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/*  40  (    41  )    42  *    43  +    44  ,    45  -    46  .    47  /  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/*  48  0    49  1    50  2    51  3    52  4    53  5    54  6    55  7  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/*  56  8    57  9    58  :    59  ;    60  <    61  =    62  >    63  ?  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |   0,
+/*  64  @    65  A    66  B    67  C    68  D    69  E    70  F    71  G  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/*  72  H    73  I    74  J    75  K    76  L    77  M    78  N    79  O  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/*  80  P    81  Q    82  R    83  S    84  T    85  U    86  V    87  W  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/*  88  X    89  Y    90  Z    91  [    92  \    93  ]    94  ^    95  _  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/*  96  `    97  a    98  b    99  c   100  d   101  e   102  f   103  g  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/* 104  h   105  i   106  j   107  k   108  l   109  m   110  n   111  o  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/* 112  p   113  q   114  r   115  s   116  t   117  u   118  v   119  w  */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |  128,
+/* 120  x   121  y   122  z   123  {   124  |   125  }   126  ~   127 del */
+        1    |   2    |   4    |   8    |   16   |   32   |   64   |   0, };
+
+#undef T
+
+enum state
+{ s_dead = 1 /* important that this is > 0 */
+
+    , s_start_req_or_res
+    , s_res_or_resp_H
+    , s_start_res
+    , s_res_H
+    , s_res_HT
+    , s_res_HTT
+    , s_res_HTTP
+    , s_res_http_major
+    , s_res_http_dot
+    , s_res_http_minor
+    , s_res_http_end
+    , s_res_first_status_code
+    , s_res_status_code
+    , s_res_status_start
+    , s_res_status
+    , s_res_line_almost_done
+
+    , s_start_req
+
+    , s_req_method
+    , s_req_spaces_before_url
+    , s_req_schema
+    , s_req_schema_slash
+    , s_req_schema_slash_slash
+    , s_req_server_start
+    , s_req_server
+    , s_req_server_with_at
+    , s_req_path
+    , s_req_query_string_start
+    , s_req_query_string
+    , s_req_fragment_start
+    , s_req_fragment
+    , s_req_http_start
+    , s_req_http_H
+    , s_req_http_HT
+    , s_req_http_HTT
+    , s_req_http_HTTP
+    , s_req_http_I
+    , s_req_http_IC
+    , s_req_http_major
+    , s_req_http_dot
+    , s_req_http_minor
+    , s_req_http_end
+    , s_req_line_almost_done
+
+    , s_header_field_start
+    , s_header_field
+    , s_header_value_discard_ws
+    , s_header_value_discard_ws_almost_done
+    , s_header_value_discard_lws
+    , s_header_value_start
+    , s_header_value
+    , s_header_value_lws
+
+    , s_header_almost_done
+
+    , s_chunk_size_start
+    , s_chunk_size
+    , s_chunk_parameters
+    , s_chunk_size_almost_done
+
+    , s_headers_almost_done
+    , s_headers_done
+
+    /* Important: 's_headers_done' must be the last 'header' state. All
+     * states beyond this must be 'body' states. It is used for overflow
+     * checking. See the PARSING_HEADER() macro.
+     */
+
+    , s_chunk_data
+    , s_chunk_data_almost_done
+    , s_chunk_data_done
+
+    , s_body_identity
+    , s_body_identity_eof
+
+    , s_message_done
+};
+
+
+#define PARSING_HEADER(state) (state <= s_headers_done)
+
+
+enum header_states
+{ h_general = 0
+    , h_C
+    , h_CO
+    , h_CON
+
+    , h_matching_connection
+    , h_matching_proxy_connection
+    , h_matching_content_length
+    , h_matching_transfer_encoding
+    , h_matching_upgrade
+
+    , h_connection
+    , h_content_length
+    , h_content_length_num
+    , h_content_length_ws
+    , h_transfer_encoding
+    , h_upgrade
+
+    , h_matching_transfer_encoding_chunked
+    , h_matching_connection_token_start
+    , h_matching_connection_keep_alive
+    , h_matching_connection_close
+    , h_matching_connection_upgrade
+    , h_matching_connection_token
+
+    , h_transfer_encoding_chunked
+    , h_connection_keep_alive
+    , h_connection_close
+    , h_connection_upgrade
+};
+
+enum http_host_state
+{
+    s_http_host_dead = 1
+    , s_http_userinfo_start
+    , s_http_userinfo
+    , s_http_host_start
+    , s_http_host_v6_start
+    , s_http_host
+    , s_http_host_v6
+    , s_http_host_v6_end
+    , s_http_host_v6_zone_start
+    , s_http_host_v6_zone
+    , s_http_host_port_start
+    , s_http_host_port
+};
+
+/* Macros for character classes; depends on strict-mode  */
+#define CR                  '\r'
+#define LF                  '\n'
+#define LOWER(c)            (unsigned char)(c | 0x20)
+#define IS_ALPHA(c)         (LOWER(c) >= 'a' && LOWER(c) <= 'z')
+#define IS_NUM(c)           ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')
+#define IS_ALPHANUM(c)      (IS_ALPHA(c) || IS_NUM(c))
+#define IS_HEX(c)           (IS_NUM(c) || (LOWER(c) >= 'a' && LOWER(c) <= 'f'))
+#define IS_MARK(c)          ((c) == '-' || (c) == '_' || (c) == '.' || \
+  (c) == '!' || (c) == '~' || (c) == '*' || (c) == '\'' || (c) == '(' || \
+  (c) == ')')
+#define IS_USERINFO_CHAR(c) (IS_ALPHANUM(c) || IS_MARK(c) || (c) == '%' || \
+  (c) == ';' || (c) == ':' || (c) == '&' || (c) == '=' || (c) == '+' || \
+  (c) == '$' || (c) == ',')
+
+#define STRICT_TOKEN(c)     ((c == ' ') ? 0 : tokens[(unsigned char)c])
+
+#if HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
+#define TOKEN(c)            STRICT_TOKEN(c)
+#define IS_URL_CHAR(c)      (BIT_AT(normal_url_char, (unsigned char)c))
+#define IS_HOST_CHAR(c)     (IS_ALPHANUM(c) || (c) == '.' || (c) == '-')
+#else
+#define TOKEN(c)            tokens[(unsigned char)c]
+#define IS_URL_CHAR(c)                                                         \
+  (BIT_AT(normal_url_char, (unsigned char)c) || ((c) & 0x80))
+#define IS_HOST_CHAR(c)                                                        \
+  (IS_ALPHANUM(c) || (c) == '.' || (c) == '-' || (c) == '_')
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Verify that a char is a valid visible (printable) US-ASCII
+ * character or %x80-FF
+ **/
+#define IS_HEADER_CHAR(ch)                                                     \
+  (ch == CR || ch == LF || ch == 9 || ((unsigned char)ch > 31 && ch != 127))
+
+#define start_state (parser->type == HTTP_REQUEST ? s_start_req : s_start_res)
+
+
+#if HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
+# define STRICT_CHECK(cond)                                          \
+do {                                                                 \
+  if (cond) {                                                        \
+    SET_ERRNO(HPE_STRICT);                                           \
+    goto error;                                                      \
+  }                                                                  \
+} while (0)
+# define NEW_MESSAGE() (http_should_keep_alive(parser) ? start_state : s_dead)
+#else
+# define STRICT_CHECK(cond)
+# define NEW_MESSAGE() start_state
+#endif
+
+
+/* Map errno values to strings for human-readable output */
+#define HTTP_STRERROR_GEN(n, s) { "HPE_" #n, s },
+static struct {
+    const char *name;
+    const char *description;
+} http_strerror_tab[] = {
+        HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(HTTP_STRERROR_GEN)
+};
+#undef HTTP_STRERROR_GEN
+
+int http_message_needs_eof(const http_parser *parser);
+
+/* Our URL parser.
+ *
+ * This is designed to be shared by http_parser_execute() for URL validation,
+ * hence it has a state transition + byte-for-byte interface. In addition, it
+ * is meant to be embedded in http_parser_parse_url(), which does the dirty
+ * work of turning state transitions URL components for its API.
+ *
+ * This function should only be invoked with non-space characters. It is
+ * assumed that the caller cares about (and can detect) the transition between
+ * URL and non-URL states by looking for these.
+ */
+static enum state
+parse_url_char(enum state s, const char ch)
+{
+    if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\r' || ch == '\n') {
+        return s_dead;
+    }
+
+#if HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
+    if (ch == '\t' || ch == '\f') {
+        return s_dead;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    switch (s) {
+        case s_req_spaces_before_url:
+            /* Proxied requests are followed by scheme of an absolute URI (alpha).
+             * All methods except CONNECT are followed by '/' or '*'.
+             */
+
+            if (ch == '/' || ch == '*') {
+                return s_req_path;
+            }
+
+            if (IS_ALPHA(ch)) {
+                return s_req_schema;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_schema:
+            if (IS_ALPHA(ch)) {
+                return s;
+            }
+
+            if (ch == ':') {
+                return s_req_schema_slash;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_schema_slash:
+            if (ch == '/') {
+                return s_req_schema_slash_slash;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
+            if (ch == '/') {
+                return s_req_server_start;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_server_with_at:
+            if (ch == '@') {
+                return s_dead;
+            }
+
+            /* fall through */
+        case s_req_server_start:
+        case s_req_server:
+            if (ch == '/') {
+                return s_req_path;
+            }
+
+            if (ch == '?') {
+                return s_req_query_string_start;
+            }
+
+            if (ch == '@') {
+                return s_req_server_with_at;
+            }
+
+            if (IS_USERINFO_CHAR(ch) || ch == '[' || ch == ']') {
+                return s_req_server;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_path:
+            if (IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
+                return s;
+            }
+
+            switch (ch) {
+                case '?':
+                    return s_req_query_string_start;
+
+                case '#':
+                    return s_req_fragment_start;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_query_string_start:
+        case s_req_query_string:
+            if (IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
+                return s_req_query_string;
+            }
+
+            switch (ch) {
+                case '?':
+                    /* allow extra '?' in query string */
+                    return s_req_query_string;
+
+                case '#':
+                    return s_req_fragment_start;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_fragment_start:
+            if (IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
+                return s_req_fragment;
+            }
+
+            switch (ch) {
+                case '?':
+                    return s_req_fragment;
+
+                case '#':
+                    return s;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_req_fragment:
+            if (IS_URL_CHAR(ch)) {
+                return s;
+            }
+
+            switch (ch) {
+                case '?':
+                case '#':
+                    return s;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    /* We should never fall out of the switch above unless there's an error */
+    return s_dead;
+}
+
+size_t http_parser_execute (http_parser *parser,
+                            const http_parser_settings *settings,
+                            const char *data,
+                            size_t len)
+{
+    char c, ch;
+    int8_t unhex_val;
+    const char *p = data;
+    const char *header_field_mark = 0;
+    const char *header_value_mark = 0;
+    const char *url_mark = 0;
+    const char *body_mark = 0;
+    const char *status_mark = 0;
+    enum state p_state = (enum state) parser->state;
+    const unsigned int lenient = parser->lenient_http_headers;
+    uint32_t nread = parser->nread;
+
+    /* We're in an error state. Don't bother doing anything. */
+    if (HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if (len == 0) {
+        switch (CURRENT_STATE()) {
+            case s_body_identity_eof:
+                /* Use of CALLBACK_NOTIFY() here would erroneously return 1 byte read if
+                 * we got paused.
+                 */
+                CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE(message_complete);
+                return 0;
+
+            case s_dead:
+            case s_start_req_or_res:
+            case s_start_res:
+            case s_start_req:
+                return 0;
+
+            default:
+                SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_EOF_STATE);
+                return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    if (CURRENT_STATE() == s_header_field)
+        header_field_mark = data;
+    if (CURRENT_STATE() == s_header_value)
+        header_value_mark = data;
+    switch (CURRENT_STATE()) {
+        case s_req_path:
+        case s_req_schema:
+        case s_req_schema_slash:
+        case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
+        case s_req_server_start:
+        case s_req_server:
+        case s_req_server_with_at:
+        case s_req_query_string_start:
+        case s_req_query_string:
+        case s_req_fragment_start:
+        case s_req_fragment:
+            url_mark = data;
+            break;
+        case s_res_status:
+            status_mark = data;
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    for (p=data; p != data + len; p++) {
+        ch = *p;
+
+        if (PARSING_HEADER(CURRENT_STATE()))
+            COUNT_HEADER_SIZE(1);
+
+        reexecute:
+        switch (CURRENT_STATE()) {
+
+            case s_dead:
+                /* this state is used after a 'Connection: close' message
+                 * the parser will error out if it reads another message
+                 */
+                if (LIKELY(ch == CR || ch == LF))
+                    break;
+
+                SET_ERRNO(HPE_CLOSED_CONNECTION);
+                goto error;
+
+            case s_start_req_or_res:
+            {
+                if (ch == CR || ch == LF)
+                    break;
+                parser->flags = 0;
+                parser->content_length = ULLONG_MAX;
+
+                if (ch == 'H') {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_res_or_resp_H);
+
+                    CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_begin);
+                } else {
+                    parser->type = HTTP_REQUEST;
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_start_req);
+                    REEXECUTE();
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_res_or_resp_H:
+                if (ch == 'T') {
+                    parser->type = HTTP_RESPONSE;
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_res_HT);
+                } else {
+                    if (UNLIKELY(ch != 'E')) {
+                        SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT);
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+
+                    parser->type = HTTP_REQUEST;
+                    parser->method = HTTP_HEAD;
+                    parser->index = 2;
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_req_method);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case s_start_res:
+            {
+                if (ch == CR || ch == LF)
+                    break;
+                parser->flags = 0;
+                parser->content_length = ULLONG_MAX;
+
+                if (ch == 'H') {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_res_H);
+                } else {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_begin);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_res_H:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_HT);
+                break;
+
+            case s_res_HT:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_HTT);
+                break;
+
+            case s_res_HTT:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'P');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_HTTP);
+                break;
+
+            case s_res_HTTP:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != '/');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_http_major);
+                break;
+
+            case s_res_http_major:
+                if (UNLIKELY(!IS_NUM(ch))) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                parser->http_major = ch - '0';
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_http_dot);
+                break;
+
+            case s_res_http_dot:
+            {
+                if (UNLIKELY(ch != '.')) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_http_minor);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_res_http_minor:
+                if (UNLIKELY(!IS_NUM(ch))) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                parser->http_minor = ch - '0';
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_http_end);
+                break;
+
+            case s_res_http_end:
+            {
+                if (UNLIKELY(ch != ' ')) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_first_status_code);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_res_first_status_code:
+            {
+                if (!IS_NUM(ch)) {
+                    if (ch == ' ') {
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_STATUS);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+                parser->status_code = ch - '0';
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_status_code);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_res_status_code:
+            {
+                if (!IS_NUM(ch)) {
+                    switch (ch) {
+                        case ' ':
+                            UPDATE_STATE(s_res_status_start);
+                            break;
+                        case CR:
+                        case LF:
+                            UPDATE_STATE(s_res_status_start);
+                            REEXECUTE();
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_STATUS);
+                            goto error;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                parser->status_code *= 10;
+                parser->status_code += ch - '0';
+
+                if (UNLIKELY(parser->status_code > 999)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_STATUS);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_res_status_start:
+            {
+                MARK(status);
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_res_status);
+                parser->index = 0;
+
+                if (ch == CR || ch == LF)
+                    REEXECUTE();
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_res_status:
+                if (ch == CR) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_res_line_almost_done);
+                    CALLBACK_DATA(status);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (ch == LF) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field_start);
+                    CALLBACK_DATA(status);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                break;
+
+            case s_res_line_almost_done:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != LF);
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field_start);
+                break;
+
+            case s_start_req:
+            {
+                if (ch == CR || ch == LF)
+                    break;
+                parser->flags = 0;
+                parser->content_length = ULLONG_MAX;
+
+                if (UNLIKELY(!IS_ALPHA(ch))) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                parser->method = (enum http_method) 0;
+                parser->index = 1;
+                switch (ch) {
+                    case 'A': parser->method = HTTP_ACL; break;
+                    case 'B': parser->method = HTTP_BIND; break;
+                    case 'C': parser->method = HTTP_CONNECT; /* or COPY, CHECKOUT */ break;
+                    case 'D': parser->method = HTTP_DELETE; break;
+                    case 'G': parser->method = HTTP_GET; break;
+                    case 'H': parser->method = HTTP_HEAD; break;
+                    case 'L': parser->method = HTTP_LOCK; /* or LINK */ break;
+                    case 'M': parser->method = HTTP_MKCOL; /* or MOVE, MKACTIVITY, MERGE, M-SEARCH, MKCALENDAR */ break;
+                    case 'N': parser->method = HTTP_NOTIFY; break;
+                    case 'O': parser->method = HTTP_OPTIONS; break;
+                    case 'P': parser->method = HTTP_POST;
+                        /* or PROPFIND|PROPPATCH|PUT|PATCH|PURGE */
+                        break;
+                    case 'R': parser->method = HTTP_REPORT; /* or REBIND */ break;
+                    case 'S': parser->method = HTTP_SUBSCRIBE; /* or SEARCH, SOURCE */ break;
+                    case 'T': parser->method = HTTP_TRACE; break;
+                    case 'U': parser->method = HTTP_UNLOCK; /* or UNSUBSCRIBE, UNBIND, UNLINK */ break;
+                    default:
+                        SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
+                        goto error;
+                }
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_method);
+
+                CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_begin);
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_req_method:
+            {
+                const char *matcher;
+                if (UNLIKELY(ch == '\0')) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                matcher = method_strings[parser->method];
+                if (ch == ' ' && matcher[parser->index] == '\0') {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_req_spaces_before_url);
+                } else if (ch == matcher[parser->index]) {
+                    ; /* nada */
+                } else if ((ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') || ch == '-') {
+
+                    switch (parser->method << 16 | parser->index << 8 | ch) {
+#define XX(meth, pos, ch, new_meth) \
+            case (HTTP_##meth << 16 | pos << 8 | ch): \
+              parser->method = HTTP_##new_meth; break;
+
+                        XX(POST,      1, 'U', PUT)
+                        XX(POST,      1, 'A', PATCH)
+                        XX(POST,      1, 'R', PROPFIND)
+                        XX(PUT,       2, 'R', PURGE)
+                        XX(CONNECT,   1, 'H', CHECKOUT)
+                        XX(CONNECT,   2, 'P', COPY)
+                        XX(MKCOL,     1, 'O', MOVE)
+                        XX(MKCOL,     1, 'E', MERGE)
+                        XX(MKCOL,     1, '-', MSEARCH)
+                        XX(MKCOL,     2, 'A', MKACTIVITY)
+                        XX(MKCOL,     3, 'A', MKCALENDAR)
+                        XX(SUBSCRIBE, 1, 'E', SEARCH)
+                        XX(SUBSCRIBE, 1, 'O', SOURCE)
+                        XX(REPORT,    2, 'B', REBIND)
+                        XX(PROPFIND,  4, 'P', PROPPATCH)
+                        XX(LOCK,      1, 'I', LINK)
+                        XX(UNLOCK,    2, 'S', UNSUBSCRIBE)
+                        XX(UNLOCK,    2, 'B', UNBIND)
+                        XX(UNLOCK,    3, 'I', UNLINK)
+#undef XX
+                        default:
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
+                            goto error;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_METHOD);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                ++parser->index;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_req_spaces_before_url:
+            {
+                if (ch == ' ') break;
+
+                MARK(url);
+                if (parser->method == HTTP_CONNECT) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_req_server_start);
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(parse_url_char(CURRENT_STATE(), ch));
+                if (UNLIKELY(CURRENT_STATE() == s_dead)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_req_schema:
+            case s_req_schema_slash:
+            case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
+            case s_req_server_start:
+            {
+                switch (ch) {
+                    /* No whitespace allowed here */
+                    case ' ':
+                    case CR:
+                    case LF:
+                        SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
+                        goto error;
+                    default:
+                        UPDATE_STATE(parse_url_char(CURRENT_STATE(), ch));
+                        if (UNLIKELY(CURRENT_STATE() == s_dead)) {
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_req_server:
+            case s_req_server_with_at:
+            case s_req_path:
+            case s_req_query_string_start:
+            case s_req_query_string:
+            case s_req_fragment_start:
+            case s_req_fragment:
+            {
+                switch (ch) {
+                    case ' ':
+                        UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_start);
+                        CALLBACK_DATA(url);
+                        break;
+                    case CR:
+                    case LF:
+                        parser->http_major = 0;
+                        parser->http_minor = 9;
+                        UPDATE_STATE((ch == CR) ?
+                                     s_req_line_almost_done :
+                                     s_header_field_start);
+                        CALLBACK_DATA(url);
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        UPDATE_STATE(parse_url_char(CURRENT_STATE(), ch));
+                        if (UNLIKELY(CURRENT_STATE() == s_dead)) {
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_URL);
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_req_http_start:
+                switch (ch) {
+                    case ' ':
+                        break;
+                    case 'H':
+                        UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_H);
+                        break;
+                    case 'I':
+                        if (parser->method == HTTP_SOURCE) {
+                            UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_I);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        /* fall through */
+                    default:
+                        SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONSTANT);
+                        goto error;
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_H:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_HT);
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_HT:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'T');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_HTT);
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_HTT:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'P');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_HTTP);
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_I:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'C');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_IC);
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_IC:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != 'E');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_HTTP);  /* Treat "ICE" as "HTTP". */
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_HTTP:
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != '/');
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_major);
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_major:
+                if (UNLIKELY(!IS_NUM(ch))) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                parser->http_major = ch - '0';
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_dot);
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_dot:
+            {
+                if (UNLIKELY(ch != '.')) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_minor);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_req_http_minor:
+                if (UNLIKELY(!IS_NUM(ch))) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                parser->http_minor = ch - '0';
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_req_http_end);
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_http_end:
+            {
+                if (ch == CR) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_req_line_almost_done);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (ch == LF) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field_start);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_VERSION);
+                goto error;
+                break;
+            }
+
+                /* end of request line */
+            case s_req_line_almost_done:
+            {
+                if (UNLIKELY(ch != LF)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_LF_EXPECTED);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field_start);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_header_field_start:
+            {
+                if (ch == CR) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_headers_almost_done);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (ch == LF) {
+                    /* they might be just sending \n instead of \r\n so this would be
+                     * the second \n to denote the end of headers*/
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_headers_almost_done);
+                    REEXECUTE();
+                }
+
+                c = TOKEN(ch);
+
+                if (UNLIKELY(!c)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                MARK(header_field);
+
+                parser->index = 0;
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field);
+
+                switch (c) {
+                    case 'c':
+                        parser->header_state = h_C;
+                        break;
+
+                    case 'p':
+                        parser->header_state = h_matching_proxy_connection;
+                        break;
+
+                    case 't':
+                        parser->header_state = h_matching_transfer_encoding;
+                        break;
+
+                    case 'u':
+                        parser->header_state = h_matching_upgrade;
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        parser->header_state = h_general;
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_header_field:
+            {
+                const char* start = p;
+                for (; p != data + len; p++) {
+                    ch = *p;
+                    c = TOKEN(ch);
+
+                    if (!c)
+                        break;
+
+                    switch (parser->header_state) {
+                        case h_general: {
+                            size_t limit = data + len - p;
+                            limit = MIN(limit, HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE);
+                            while (p+1 < data + limit && TOKEN(p[1])) {
+                                p++;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case h_C:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            parser->header_state = (c == 'o' ? h_CO : h_general);
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_CO:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            parser->header_state = (c == 'n' ? h_CON : h_general);
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_CON:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            switch (c) {
+                                case 'n':
+                                    parser->header_state = h_matching_connection;
+                                    break;
+                                case 't':
+                                    parser->header_state = h_matching_content_length;
+                                    break;
+                                default:
+                                    parser->header_state = h_general;
+                                    break;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* connection */
+
+                        case h_matching_connection:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(CONNECTION)-1
+                                || c != CONNECTION[parser->index]) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_general;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CONNECTION)-2) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_connection;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* proxy-connection */
+
+                        case h_matching_proxy_connection:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(PROXY_CONNECTION)-1
+                                || c != PROXY_CONNECTION[parser->index]) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_general;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(PROXY_CONNECTION)-2) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_connection;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* content-length */
+
+                        case h_matching_content_length:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(CONTENT_LENGTH)-1
+                                || c != CONTENT_LENGTH[parser->index]) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_general;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CONTENT_LENGTH)-2) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_content_length;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* transfer-encoding */
+
+                        case h_matching_transfer_encoding:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(TRANSFER_ENCODING)-1
+                                || c != TRANSFER_ENCODING[parser->index]) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_general;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(TRANSFER_ENCODING)-2) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_transfer_encoding;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* upgrade */
+
+                        case h_matching_upgrade:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(UPGRADE)-1
+                                || c != UPGRADE[parser->index]) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_general;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(UPGRADE)-2) {
+                                parser->header_state = h_upgrade;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_connection:
+                        case h_content_length:
+                        case h_transfer_encoding:
+                        case h_upgrade:
+                            if (ch != ' ') parser->header_state = h_general;
+                            break;
+
+                        default:
+                            assert(0 && "Unknown header_state");
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (p == data + len) {
+                    --p;
+                    COUNT_HEADER_SIZE(p - start);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                COUNT_HEADER_SIZE(p - start);
+
+                if (ch == ':') {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value_discard_ws);
+                    CALLBACK_DATA(header_field);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN);
+                goto error;
+            }
+
+            case s_header_value_discard_ws:
+                if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t') break;
+
+                if (ch == CR) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value_discard_ws_almost_done);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (ch == LF) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value_discard_lws);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                /* fall through */
+
+            case s_header_value_start:
+            {
+                MARK(header_value);
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value);
+                parser->index = 0;
+
+                c = LOWER(ch);
+
+                switch (parser->header_state) {
+                    case h_upgrade:
+                        parser->flags |= F_UPGRADE;
+                        parser->header_state = h_general;
+                        break;
+
+                    case h_transfer_encoding:
+                        /* looking for 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked' */
+                        if ('c' == c) {
+                            parser->header_state = h_matching_transfer_encoding_chunked;
+                        } else {
+                            parser->header_state = h_general;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                    case h_content_length:
+                        if (UNLIKELY(!IS_NUM(ch))) {
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+
+                        if (parser->flags & F_CONTENTLENGTH) {
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_UNEXPECTED_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+
+                        parser->flags |= F_CONTENTLENGTH;
+                        parser->content_length = ch - '0';
+                        parser->header_state = h_content_length_num;
+                        break;
+
+                    case h_connection:
+                        /* looking for 'Connection: keep-alive' */
+                        if (c == 'k') {
+                            parser->header_state = h_matching_connection_keep_alive;
+                            /* looking for 'Connection: close' */
+                        } else if (c == 'c') {
+                            parser->header_state = h_matching_connection_close;
+                        } else if (c == 'u') {
+                            parser->header_state = h_matching_connection_upgrade;
+                        } else {
+                            parser->header_state = h_matching_connection_token;
+                        }
+                        break;
+
+                        /* Multi-value `Connection` header */
+                    case h_matching_connection_token_start:
+                        break;
+
+                    default:
+                        parser->header_state = h_general;
+                        break;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_header_value:
+            {
+                const char* start = p;
+                enum header_states h_state = (enum header_states) parser->header_state;
+                for (; p != data + len; p++) {
+                    ch = *p;
+                    if (ch == CR) {
+                        UPDATE_STATE(s_header_almost_done);
+                        parser->header_state = h_state;
+                        CALLBACK_DATA(header_value);
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (ch == LF) {
+                        UPDATE_STATE(s_header_almost_done);
+                        COUNT_HEADER_SIZE(p - start);
+                        parser->header_state = h_state;
+                        CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_value);
+                        REEXECUTE();
+                    }
+
+                    if (!lenient && !IS_HEADER_CHAR(ch)) {
+                        SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN);
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+
+                    c = LOWER(ch);
+
+                    switch (h_state) {
+                        case h_general:
+                        {
+                            const char* p_cr;
+                            const char* p_lf;
+                            size_t limit = data + len - p;
+
+                            limit = MIN(limit, HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE);
+
+                            p_cr = (const char*) memchr(p, CR, limit);
+                            p_lf = (const char*) memchr(p, LF, limit);
+                            if (p_cr != NULL) {
+                                if (p_lf != NULL && p_cr >= p_lf)
+                                    p = p_lf;
+                                else
+                                    p = p_cr;
+                            } else if (UNLIKELY(p_lf != NULL)) {
+                                p = p_lf;
+                            } else {
+                                p = data + len;
+                            }
+                            --p;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case h_connection:
+                        case h_transfer_encoding:
+                            assert(0 && "Shouldn't get here.");
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_content_length:
+                            if (ch == ' ') break;
+                            h_state = h_content_length_num;
+                            /* fall through */
+
+                        case h_content_length_num:
+                        {
+                            uint64_t t;
+
+                            if (ch == ' ') {
+                                h_state = h_content_length_ws;
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            if (UNLIKELY(!IS_NUM(ch))) {
+                                SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                                parser->header_state = h_state;
+                                goto error;
+                            }
+
+                            t = parser->content_length;
+                            t *= 10;
+                            t += ch - '0';
+
+                            /* Overflow? Test against a conservative limit for simplicity. */
+                            if (UNLIKELY((ULLONG_MAX - 10) / 10 < parser->content_length)) {
+                                SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                                parser->header_state = h_state;
+                                goto error;
+                            }
+
+                            parser->content_length = t;
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        case h_content_length_ws:
+                            if (ch == ' ') break;
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                            parser->header_state = h_state;
+                            goto error;
+
+                            /* Transfer-Encoding: chunked */
+                        case h_matching_transfer_encoding_chunked:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(CHUNKED)-1
+                                || c != CHUNKED[parser->index]) {
+                                h_state = h_general;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CHUNKED)-2) {
+                                h_state = h_transfer_encoding_chunked;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_matching_connection_token_start:
+                            /* looking for 'Connection: keep-alive' */
+                            if (c == 'k') {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_keep_alive;
+                                /* looking for 'Connection: close' */
+                            } else if (c == 'c') {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_close;
+                            } else if (c == 'u') {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_upgrade;
+                            } else if (STRICT_TOKEN(c)) {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_token;
+                            } else if (c == ' ' || c == '\t') {
+                                /* Skip lws */
+                            } else {
+                                h_state = h_general;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* looking for 'Connection: keep-alive' */
+                        case h_matching_connection_keep_alive:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(KEEP_ALIVE)-1
+                                || c != KEEP_ALIVE[parser->index]) {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_token;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(KEEP_ALIVE)-2) {
+                                h_state = h_connection_keep_alive;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* looking for 'Connection: close' */
+                        case h_matching_connection_close:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(CLOSE)-1 || c != CLOSE[parser->index]) {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_token;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(CLOSE)-2) {
+                                h_state = h_connection_close;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                            /* looking for 'Connection: upgrade' */
+                        case h_matching_connection_upgrade:
+                            parser->index++;
+                            if (parser->index > sizeof(UPGRADE) - 1 ||
+                                c != UPGRADE[parser->index]) {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_token;
+                            } else if (parser->index == sizeof(UPGRADE)-2) {
+                                h_state = h_connection_upgrade;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_matching_connection_token:
+                            if (ch == ',') {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_token_start;
+                                parser->index = 0;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_transfer_encoding_chunked:
+                            if (ch != ' ') h_state = h_general;
+                            break;
+
+                        case h_connection_keep_alive:
+                        case h_connection_close:
+                        case h_connection_upgrade:
+                            if (ch == ',') {
+                                if (h_state == h_connection_keep_alive) {
+                                    parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE;
+                                } else if (h_state == h_connection_close) {
+                                    parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_CLOSE;
+                                } else if (h_state == h_connection_upgrade) {
+                                    parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_UPGRADE;
+                                }
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_token_start;
+                                parser->index = 0;
+                            } else if (ch != ' ') {
+                                h_state = h_matching_connection_token;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        default:
+                            UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value);
+                            h_state = h_general;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                }
+                parser->header_state = h_state;
+
+                if (p == data + len)
+                    --p;
+
+                COUNT_HEADER_SIZE(p - start);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_header_almost_done:
+            {
+                if (UNLIKELY(ch != LF)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_LF_EXPECTED);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value_lws);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_header_value_lws:
+            {
+                if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t') {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value_start);
+                    REEXECUTE();
+                }
+
+                /* finished the header */
+                switch (parser->header_state) {
+                    case h_connection_keep_alive:
+                        parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE;
+                        break;
+                    case h_connection_close:
+                        parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_CLOSE;
+                        break;
+                    case h_transfer_encoding_chunked:
+                        parser->flags |= F_CHUNKED;
+                        break;
+                    case h_connection_upgrade:
+                        parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_UPGRADE;
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field_start);
+                REEXECUTE();
+            }
+
+            case s_header_value_discard_ws_almost_done:
+            {
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != LF);
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value_discard_lws);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_header_value_discard_lws:
+            {
+                if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t') {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_value_discard_ws);
+                    break;
+                } else {
+                    switch (parser->header_state) {
+                        case h_connection_keep_alive:
+                            parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE;
+                            break;
+                        case h_connection_close:
+                            parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_CLOSE;
+                            break;
+                        case h_connection_upgrade:
+                            parser->flags |= F_CONNECTION_UPGRADE;
+                            break;
+                        case h_transfer_encoding_chunked:
+                            parser->flags |= F_CHUNKED;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    /* header value was empty */
+                    MARK(header_value);
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field_start);
+                    CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_value);
+                    REEXECUTE();
+                }
+            }
+
+            case s_headers_almost_done:
+            {
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != LF);
+
+                if (parser->flags & F_TRAILING) {
+                    /* End of a chunked request */
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_message_done);
+                    CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE(chunk_complete);
+                    REEXECUTE();
+                }
+
+                /* Cannot use chunked encoding and a content-length header together
+                   per the HTTP specification. */
+                if ((parser->flags & F_CHUNKED) &&
+                    (parser->flags & F_CONTENTLENGTH)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_UNEXPECTED_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_headers_done);
+
+                /* Set this here so that on_headers_complete() callbacks can see it */
+                if ((parser->flags & F_UPGRADE) &&
+                    (parser->flags & F_CONNECTION_UPGRADE)) {
+                    /* For responses, "Upgrade: foo" and "Connection: upgrade" are
+                     * mandatory only when it is a 101 Switching Protocols response,
+                     * otherwise it is purely informational, to announce support.
+                     */
+                    parser->upgrade =
+                            (parser->type == HTTP_REQUEST || parser->status_code == 101);
+                } else {
+                    parser->upgrade = (parser->method == HTTP_CONNECT);
+                }
+
+                /* Here we call the headers_complete callback. This is somewhat
+                 * different than other callbacks because if the user returns 1, we
+                 * will interpret that as saying that this message has no body. This
+                 * is needed for the annoying case of recieving a response to a HEAD
+                 * request.
+                 *
+                 * We'd like to use CALLBACK_NOTIFY_NOADVANCE() here but we cannot, so
+                 * we have to simulate it by handling a change in errno below.
+                 */
+                if (settings->on_headers_complete) {
+                    switch (settings->on_headers_complete(parser)) {
+                        case 0:
+                            break;
+
+                        case 2:
+                            parser->upgrade = 1;
+
+                            /* fall through */
+                        case 1:
+                            parser->flags |= F_SKIPBODY;
+                            break;
+
+                        default:
+                            SET_ERRNO(HPE_CB_headers_complete);
+                            RETURN(p - data); /* Error */
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) != HPE_OK) {
+                    RETURN(p - data);
+                }
+
+                REEXECUTE();
+            }
+
+            case s_headers_done:
+            {
+                int hasBody;
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != LF);
+
+                parser->nread = 0;
+                nread = 0;
+
+                hasBody = parser->flags & F_CHUNKED ||
+                          (parser->content_length > 0 && parser->content_length != ULLONG_MAX);
+                if (parser->upgrade && (parser->method == HTTP_CONNECT ||
+                                        (parser->flags & F_SKIPBODY) || !hasBody)) {
+                    /* Exit, the rest of the message is in a different protocol. */
+                    UPDATE_STATE(NEW_MESSAGE());
+                    CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
+                    RETURN((p - data) + 1);
+                }
+
+                if (parser->flags & F_SKIPBODY) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(NEW_MESSAGE());
+                    CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
+                } else if (parser->flags & F_CHUNKED) {
+                    /* chunked encoding - ignore Content-Length header */
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_size_start);
+                } else {
+                    if (parser->content_length == 0) {
+                        /* Content-Length header given but zero: Content-Length: 0\r\n */
+                        UPDATE_STATE(NEW_MESSAGE());
+                        CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
+                    } else if (parser->content_length != ULLONG_MAX) {
+                        /* Content-Length header given and non-zero */
+                        UPDATE_STATE(s_body_identity);
+                    } else {
+                        if (!http_message_needs_eof(parser)) {
+                            /* Assume content-length 0 - read the next */
+                            UPDATE_STATE(NEW_MESSAGE());
+                            CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
+                        } else {
+                            /* Read body until EOF */
+                            UPDATE_STATE(s_body_identity_eof);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_body_identity:
+            {
+                uint64_t to_read = MIN(parser->content_length,
+                                       (uint64_t) ((data + len) - p));
+
+                assert(parser->content_length != 0
+                       && parser->content_length != ULLONG_MAX);
+
+                /* The difference between advancing content_length and p is because
+                 * the latter will automaticaly advance on the next loop iteration.
+                 * Further, if content_length ends up at 0, we want to see the last
+                 * byte again for our message complete callback.
+                 */
+                MARK(body);
+                parser->content_length -= to_read;
+                p += to_read - 1;
+
+                if (parser->content_length == 0) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_message_done);
+
+                    /* Mimic CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE() but with one extra byte.
+                     *
+                     * The alternative to doing this is to wait for the next byte to
+                     * trigger the data callback, just as in every other case. The
+                     * problem with this is that this makes it difficult for the test
+                     * harness to distinguish between complete-on-EOF and
+                     * complete-on-length. It's not clear that this distinction is
+                     * important for applications, but let's keep it for now.
+                     */
+                    CALLBACK_DATA_(body, p - body_mark + 1, p - data);
+                    REEXECUTE();
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+                /* read until EOF */
+            case s_body_identity_eof:
+                MARK(body);
+                p = data + len - 1;
+
+                break;
+
+            case s_message_done:
+                UPDATE_STATE(NEW_MESSAGE());
+                CALLBACK_NOTIFY(message_complete);
+                if (parser->upgrade) {
+                    /* Exit, the rest of the message is in a different protocol. */
+                    RETURN((p - data) + 1);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case s_chunk_size_start:
+            {
+                assert(nread == 1);
+                assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
+
+                unhex_val = unhex[(unsigned char)ch];
+                if (UNLIKELY(unhex_val == -1)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                parser->content_length = unhex_val;
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_size);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_chunk_size:
+            {
+                uint64_t t;
+
+                assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
+
+                if (ch == CR) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_size_almost_done);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                unhex_val = unhex[(unsigned char)ch];
+
+                if (unhex_val == -1) {
+                    if (ch == ';' || ch == ' ') {
+                        UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_parameters);
+                        break;
+                    }
+
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                t = parser->content_length;
+                t *= 16;
+                t += unhex_val;
+
+                /* Overflow? Test against a conservative limit for simplicity. */
+                if (UNLIKELY((ULLONG_MAX - 16) / 16 < parser->content_length)) {
+                    SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH);
+                    goto error;
+                }
+
+                parser->content_length = t;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_chunk_parameters:
+            {
+                assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
+                /* just ignore this shit. TODO check for overflow */
+                if (ch == CR) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_size_almost_done);
+                    break;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_chunk_size_almost_done:
+            {
+                assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != LF);
+
+                parser->nread = 0;
+                nread = 0;
+
+                if (parser->content_length == 0) {
+                    parser->flags |= F_TRAILING;
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_header_field_start);
+                } else {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_data);
+                }
+                CALLBACK_NOTIFY(chunk_header);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_chunk_data:
+            {
+                uint64_t to_read = MIN(parser->content_length,
+                                       (uint64_t) ((data + len) - p));
+
+                assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
+                assert(parser->content_length != 0
+                       && parser->content_length != ULLONG_MAX);
+
+                /* See the explanation in s_body_identity for why the content
+                 * length and data pointers are managed this way.
+                 */
+                MARK(body);
+                parser->content_length -= to_read;
+                p += to_read - 1;
+
+                if (parser->content_length == 0) {
+                    UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_data_almost_done);
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            case s_chunk_data_almost_done:
+                assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
+                assert(parser->content_length == 0);
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != CR);
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_data_done);
+                CALLBACK_DATA(body);
+                break;
+
+            case s_chunk_data_done:
+                assert(parser->flags & F_CHUNKED);
+                STRICT_CHECK(ch != LF);
+                parser->nread = 0;
+                nread = 0;
+                UPDATE_STATE(s_chunk_size_start);
+                CALLBACK_NOTIFY(chunk_complete);
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                assert(0 && "unhandled state");
+                SET_ERRNO(HPE_INVALID_INTERNAL_STATE);
+                goto error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* Run callbacks for any marks that we have leftover after we ran out of
+     * bytes. There should be at most one of these set, so it's OK to invoke
+     * them in series (unset marks will not result in callbacks).
+     *
+     * We use the NOADVANCE() variety of callbacks here because 'p' has already
+     * overflowed 'data' and this allows us to correct for the off-by-one that
+     * we'd otherwise have (since CALLBACK_DATA() is meant to be run with a 'p'
+     * value that's in-bounds).
+     */
+
+    assert(((header_field_mark ? 1 : 0) +
+            (header_value_mark ? 1 : 0) +
+            (url_mark ? 1 : 0)  +
+            (body_mark ? 1 : 0) +
+            (status_mark ? 1 : 0)) <= 1);
+
+    CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_field);
+    CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(header_value);
+    CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(url);
+    CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(body);
+    CALLBACK_DATA_NOADVANCE(status);
+
+    RETURN(len);
+
+    error:
+    if (HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK) {
+        SET_ERRNO(HPE_UNKNOWN);
+    }
+
+    RETURN(p - data);
+}
+
+
+/* Does the parser need to see an EOF to find the end of the message? */
+int
+http_message_needs_eof (const http_parser *parser)
+{
+    if (parser->type == HTTP_REQUEST) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /* See RFC 2616 section 4.4 */
+    if (parser->status_code / 100 == 1 || /* 1xx e.g. Continue */
+        parser->status_code == 204 ||     /* No Content */
+        parser->status_code == 304 ||     /* Not Modified */
+        parser->flags & F_SKIPBODY) {     /* response to a HEAD request */
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if ((parser->flags & F_CHUNKED) || parser->content_length != ULLONG_MAX) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+int
+http_should_keep_alive (const http_parser *parser)
+{
+    if (parser->http_major > 0 && parser->http_minor > 0) {
+        /* HTTP/1.1 */
+        if (parser->flags & F_CONNECTION_CLOSE) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    } else {
+        /* HTTP/1.0 or earlier */
+        if (!(parser->flags & F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return !http_message_needs_eof(parser);
+}
+
+
+const char *
+http_method_str (enum http_method m)
+{
+    return ELEM_AT(method_strings, m, "<unknown>");
+}
+
+const char *
+http_status_str (enum http_status s)
+{
+    switch (s) {
+#define XX(num, name, string) case HTTP_STATUS_##name: return #string;
+        HTTP_STATUS_MAP(XX)
+#undef XX
+        default: return "<unknown>";
+    }
+}
+
+void
+http_parser_init (http_parser *parser, enum http_parser_type t)
+{
+    void *data = parser->data; /* preserve application data */
+    memset(parser, 0, sizeof(*parser));
+    parser->data = data;
+    parser->type = t;
+    parser->state = (t == HTTP_REQUEST ? s_start_req : (t == HTTP_RESPONSE ? s_start_res : s_start_req_or_res));
+    parser->http_errno = HPE_OK;
+}
+
+void
+http_parser_settings_init(http_parser_settings *settings)
+{
+    memset(settings, 0, sizeof(*settings));
+}
+
+const char *
+http_errno_name(enum http_errno err) {
+    assert(((size_t) err) < ARRAY_SIZE(http_strerror_tab));
+    return http_strerror_tab[err].name;
+}
+
+const char *
+http_errno_description(enum http_errno err) {
+    assert(((size_t) err) < ARRAY_SIZE(http_strerror_tab));
+    return http_strerror_tab[err].description;
+}
+
+static enum http_host_state
+http_parse_host_char(enum http_host_state s, const char ch) {
+    switch(s) {
+        case s_http_userinfo:
+        case s_http_userinfo_start:
+            if (ch == '@') {
+                return s_http_host_start;
+            }
+
+            if (IS_USERINFO_CHAR(ch)) {
+                return s_http_userinfo;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case s_http_host_start:
+            if (ch == '[') {
+                return s_http_host_v6_start;
+            }
+
+            if (IS_HOST_CHAR(ch)) {
+                return s_http_host;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_http_host:
+            if (IS_HOST_CHAR(ch)) {
+                return s_http_host;
+            }
+
+            /* fall through */
+        case s_http_host_v6_end:
+            if (ch == ':') {
+                return s_http_host_port_start;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        case s_http_host_v6:
+            if (ch == ']') {
+                return s_http_host_v6_end;
+            }
+
+            /* fall through */
+        case s_http_host_v6_start:
+            if (IS_HEX(ch) || ch == ':' || ch == '.') {
+                return s_http_host_v6;
+            }
+
+            if (s == s_http_host_v6 && ch == '%') {
+                return s_http_host_v6_zone_start;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case s_http_host_v6_zone:
+            if (ch == ']') {
+                return s_http_host_v6_end;
+            }
+
+            /* fall through */
+        case s_http_host_v6_zone_start:
+            /* RFC 6874 Zone ID consists of 1*( unreserved / pct-encoded) */
+            if (IS_ALPHANUM(ch) || ch == '%' || ch == '.' || ch == '-' || ch == '_' ||
+                ch == '~') {
+                return s_http_host_v6_zone;
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case s_http_host_port:
+        case s_http_host_port_start:
+            if (IS_NUM(ch)) {
+                return s_http_host_port;
+            }
+
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+    return s_http_host_dead;
+}
+
+static int
+http_parse_host(const char * buf, struct http_parser_url *u, int found_at) {
+    enum http_host_state s;
+
+    const char *p;
+    size_t buflen = u->field_data[UF_HOST].off + u->field_data[UF_HOST].len;
+
+    assert(u->field_set & (1 << UF_HOST));
+
+    u->field_data[UF_HOST].len = 0;
+
+    s = found_at ? s_http_userinfo_start : s_http_host_start;
+
+    for (p = buf + u->field_data[UF_HOST].off; p < buf + buflen; p++) {
+        enum http_host_state new_s = http_parse_host_char(s, *p);
+
+        if (new_s == s_http_host_dead) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        switch(new_s) {
+            case s_http_host:
+                if (s != s_http_host) {
+                    u->field_data[UF_HOST].off = p - buf;
+                }
+                u->field_data[UF_HOST].len++;
+                break;
+
+            case s_http_host_v6:
+                if (s != s_http_host_v6) {
+                    u->field_data[UF_HOST].off = p - buf;
+                }
+                u->field_data[UF_HOST].len++;
+                break;
+
+            case s_http_host_v6_zone_start:
+            case s_http_host_v6_zone:
+                u->field_data[UF_HOST].len++;
+                break;
+
+            case s_http_host_port:
+                if (s != s_http_host_port) {
+                    u->field_data[UF_PORT].off = p - buf;
+                    u->field_data[UF_PORT].len = 0;
+                    u->field_set |= (1 << UF_PORT);
+                }
+                u->field_data[UF_PORT].len++;
+                break;
+
+            case s_http_userinfo:
+                if (s != s_http_userinfo) {
+                    u->field_data[UF_USERINFO].off = p - buf ;
+                    u->field_data[UF_USERINFO].len = 0;
+                    u->field_set |= (1 << UF_USERINFO);
+                }
+                u->field_data[UF_USERINFO].len++;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        s = new_s;
+    }
+
+    /* Make sure we don't end somewhere unexpected */
+    switch (s) {
+        case s_http_host_start:
+        case s_http_host_v6_start:
+        case s_http_host_v6:
+        case s_http_host_v6_zone_start:
+        case s_http_host_v6_zone:
+        case s_http_host_port_start:
+        case s_http_userinfo:
+        case s_http_userinfo_start:
+            return 1;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void
+http_parser_url_init(struct http_parser_url *u) {
+    memset(u, 0, sizeof(*u));
+}
+
+int
+http_parser_parse_url(const char *buf, size_t buflen, int is_connect,
+                      struct http_parser_url *u)
+{
+    enum state s;
+    const char *p;
+    enum http_parser_url_fields uf, old_uf;
+    int found_at = 0;
+
+    if (buflen == 0) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    u->port = u->field_set = 0;
+    s = is_connect ? s_req_server_start : s_req_spaces_before_url;
+    old_uf = UF_MAX;
+
+    for (p = buf; p < buf + buflen; p++) {
+        s = parse_url_char(s, *p);
+
+        /* Figure out the next field that we're operating on */
+        switch (s) {
+            case s_dead:
+                return 1;
+
+                /* Skip delimeters */
+            case s_req_schema_slash:
+            case s_req_schema_slash_slash:
+            case s_req_server_start:
+            case s_req_query_string_start:
+            case s_req_fragment_start:
+                continue;
+
+            case s_req_schema:
+                uf = UF_SCHEMA;
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_server_with_at:
+                found_at = 1;
+
+                /* fall through */
+            case s_req_server:
+                uf = UF_HOST;
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_path:
+                uf = UF_PATH;
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_query_string:
+                uf = UF_QUERY;
+                break;
+
+            case s_req_fragment:
+                uf = UF_FRAGMENT;
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                assert(!"Unexpected state");
+                return 1;
+        }
+
+        /* Nothing's changed; soldier on */
+        if (uf == old_uf) {
+            u->field_data[uf].len++;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        u->field_data[uf].off = p - buf;
+        u->field_data[uf].len = 1;
+
+        u->field_set |= (1 << uf);
+        old_uf = uf;
+    }
+
+    /* host must be present if there is a schema */
+    /* parsing http:///toto will fail */
+    if ((u->field_set & (1 << UF_SCHEMA)) &&
+        (u->field_set & (1 << UF_HOST)) == 0) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (u->field_set & (1 << UF_HOST)) {
+        if (http_parse_host(buf, u, found_at) != 0) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /* CONNECT requests can only contain "hostname:port" */
+    if (is_connect && u->field_set != ((1 << UF_HOST)|(1 << UF_PORT))) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (u->field_set & (1 << UF_PORT)) {
+        uint16_t off;
+        uint16_t len;
+        const char* p;
+        const char* end;
+        unsigned long v;
+
+        off = u->field_data[UF_PORT].off;
+        len = u->field_data[UF_PORT].len;
+        end = buf + off + len;
+
+        /* NOTE: The characters are already validated and are in the [0-9] range */
+        assert(off + len <= buflen && "Port number overflow");
+        v = 0;
+        for (p = buf + off; p < end; p++) {
+            v *= 10;
+            v += *p - '0';
+
+            /* Ports have a max value of 2^16 */
+            if (v > 0xffff) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        u->port = (uint16_t) v;
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void
+http_parser_pause(http_parser *parser, int paused) {
+    /* Users should only be pausing/unpausing a parser that is not in an error
+     * state. In non-debug builds, there's not much that we can do about this
+     * other than ignore it.
+     */
+    if (HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_OK ||
+        HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(parser) == HPE_PAUSED) {
+        uint32_t nread = parser->nread; /* used by the SET_ERRNO macro */
+        SET_ERRNO((paused) ? HPE_PAUSED : HPE_OK);
+    } else {
+        assert(0 && "Attempting to pause parser in error state");
+    }
+}
+
+int
+http_body_is_final(const struct http_parser *parser) {
+    return parser->state == s_message_done;
+}
+
+unsigned long
+http_parser_version(void) {
+    return HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR * 0x10000 |
+           HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR * 0x00100 |
+           HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_PATCH * 0x00001;
+}
diff --git a/external/http-parser/http_parser.h b/external/http-parser/http_parser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..92cf365
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/http-parser/http_parser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,436 @@
+/* Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+#ifndef http_parser_h
+#define http_parser_h
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* Also update SONAME in the Makefile whenever you change these. */
+#define HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MAJOR 2
+#define HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_MINOR 8
+#define HTTP_PARSER_VERSION_PATCH 1
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__) && \
+  (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER<1600) && !defined(__WINE__)
+#include <BaseTsd.h>
+typedef __int8 int8_t;
+typedef unsigned __int8 uint8_t;
+typedef __int16 int16_t;
+typedef unsigned __int16 uint16_t;
+typedef __int32 int32_t;
+typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+typedef __int64 int64_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+/* Compile with -DHTTP_PARSER_STRICT=0 to make less checks, but run
+ * faster
+ */
+#ifndef HTTP_PARSER_STRICT
+# define HTTP_PARSER_STRICT 1
+#endif
+
+/* Maximium header size allowed. If the macro is not defined
+ * before including this header then the default is used. To
+ * change the maximum header size, define the macro in the build
+ * environment (e.g. -DHTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE=<value>). To remove
+ * the effective limit on the size of the header, define the macro
+ * to a very large number (e.g. -DHTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE=0x7fffffff)
+ */
+#ifndef HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE
+# define HTTP_MAX_HEADER_SIZE (80*1024)
+#endif
+
+typedef struct http_parser http_parser;
+typedef struct http_parser_settings http_parser_settings;
+
+
+/* Callbacks should return non-zero to indicate an error. The parser will
+ * then halt execution.
+ *
+ * The one exception is on_headers_complete. In a HTTP_RESPONSE parser
+ * returning '1' from on_headers_complete will tell the parser that it
+ * should not expect a body. This is used when receiving a response to a
+ * HEAD request which may contain 'Content-Length' or 'Transfer-Encoding:
+ * chunked' headers that indicate the presence of a body.
+ *
+ * Returning `2` from on_headers_complete will tell parser that it should not
+ * expect neither a body nor any futher responses on this connection. This is
+ * useful for handling responses to a CONNECT request which may not contain
+ * `Upgrade` or `Connection: upgrade` headers.
+ *
+ * http_data_cb does not return data chunks. It will be called arbitrarily
+ * many times for each string. E.G. you might get 10 callbacks for "on_url"
+ * each providing just a few characters more data.
+ */
+typedef int (*http_data_cb) (http_parser*, const char *at, size_t length);
+typedef int (*http_cb) (http_parser*);
+
+
+/* Status Codes */
+#define HTTP_STATUS_MAP(XX)                                                 \
+  XX(100, CONTINUE,                        Continue)                        \
+  XX(101, SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS,             Switching Protocols)             \
+  XX(102, PROCESSING,                      Processing)                      \
+  XX(200, OK,                              OK)                              \
+  XX(201, CREATED,                         Created)                         \
+  XX(202, ACCEPTED,                        Accepted)                        \
+  XX(203, NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION,   Non-Authoritative Information)   \
+  XX(204, NO_CONTENT,                      No Content)                      \
+  XX(205, RESET_CONTENT,                   Reset Content)                   \
+  XX(206, PARTIAL_CONTENT,                 Partial Content)                 \
+  XX(207, MULTI_STATUS,                    Multi-Status)                    \
+  XX(208, ALREADY_REPORTED,                Already Reported)                \
+  XX(226, IM_USED,                         IM Used)                         \
+  XX(300, MULTIPLE_CHOICES,                Multiple Choices)                \
+  XX(301, MOVED_PERMANENTLY,               Moved Permanently)               \
+  XX(302, FOUND,                           Found)                           \
+  XX(303, SEE_OTHER,                       See Other)                       \
+  XX(304, NOT_MODIFIED,                    Not Modified)                    \
+  XX(305, USE_PROXY,                       Use Proxy)                       \
+  XX(307, TEMPORARY_REDIRECT,              Temporary Redirect)              \
+  XX(308, PERMANENT_REDIRECT,              Permanent Redirect)              \
+  XX(400, BAD_REQUEST,                     Bad Request)                     \
+  XX(401, UNAUTHORIZED,                    Unauthorized)                    \
+  XX(402, PAYMENT_REQUIRED,                Payment Required)                \
+  XX(403, FORBIDDEN,                       Forbidden)                       \
+  XX(404, NOT_FOUND,                       Not Found)                       \
+  XX(405, METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED,              Method Not Allowed)              \
+  XX(406, NOT_ACCEPTABLE,                  Not Acceptable)                  \
+  XX(407, PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED,   Proxy Authentication Required)   \
+  XX(408, REQUEST_TIMEOUT,                 Request Timeout)                 \
+  XX(409, CONFLICT,                        Conflict)                        \
+  XX(410, GONE,                            Gone)                            \
+  XX(411, LENGTH_REQUIRED,                 Length Required)                 \
+  XX(412, PRECONDITION_FAILED,             Precondition Failed)             \
+  XX(413, PAYLOAD_TOO_LARGE,               Payload Too Large)               \
+  XX(414, URI_TOO_LONG,                    URI Too Long)                    \
+  XX(415, UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE,          Unsupported Media Type)          \
+  XX(416, RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE,           Range Not Satisfiable)           \
+  XX(417, EXPECTATION_FAILED,              Expectation Failed)              \
+  XX(421, MISDIRECTED_REQUEST,             Misdirected Request)             \
+  XX(422, UNPROCESSABLE_ENTITY,            Unprocessable Entity)            \
+  XX(423, LOCKED,                          Locked)                          \
+  XX(424, FAILED_DEPENDENCY,               Failed Dependency)               \
+  XX(426, UPGRADE_REQUIRED,                Upgrade Required)                \
+  XX(428, PRECONDITION_REQUIRED,           Precondition Required)           \
+  XX(429, TOO_MANY_REQUESTS,               Too Many Requests)               \
+  XX(431, REQUEST_HEADER_FIELDS_TOO_LARGE, Request Header Fields Too Large) \
+  XX(451, UNAVAILABLE_FOR_LEGAL_REASONS,   Unavailable For Legal Reasons)   \
+  XX(500, INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,           Internal Server Error)           \
+  XX(501, NOT_IMPLEMENTED,                 Not Implemented)                 \
+  XX(502, BAD_GATEWAY,                     Bad Gateway)                     \
+  XX(503, SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,             Service Unavailable)             \
+  XX(504, GATEWAY_TIMEOUT,                 Gateway Timeout)                 \
+  XX(505, HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED,      HTTP Version Not Supported)      \
+  XX(506, VARIANT_ALSO_NEGOTIATES,         Variant Also Negotiates)         \
+  XX(507, INSUFFICIENT_STORAGE,            Insufficient Storage)            \
+  XX(508, LOOP_DETECTED,                   Loop Detected)                   \
+  XX(510, NOT_EXTENDED,                    Not Extended)                    \
+  XX(511, NETWORK_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED, Network Authentication Required) \
+
+enum http_status
+{
+#define XX(num, name, string) HTTP_STATUS_##name = num,
+    HTTP_STATUS_MAP(XX)
+#undef XX
+};
+
+
+/* Request Methods */
+#define HTTP_METHOD_MAP(XX)         \
+  XX(0,  DELETE,      DELETE)       \
+  XX(1,  GET,         GET)          \
+  XX(2,  HEAD,        HEAD)         \
+  XX(3,  POST,        POST)         \
+  XX(4,  PUT,         PUT)          \
+  /* pathological */                \
+  XX(5,  CONNECT,     CONNECT)      \
+  XX(6,  OPTIONS,     OPTIONS)      \
+  XX(7,  TRACE,       TRACE)        \
+  /* WebDAV */                      \
+  XX(8,  COPY,        COPY)         \
+  XX(9,  LOCK,        LOCK)         \
+  XX(10, MKCOL,       MKCOL)        \
+  XX(11, MOVE,        MOVE)         \
+  XX(12, PROPFIND,    PROPFIND)     \
+  XX(13, PROPPATCH,   PROPPATCH)    \
+  XX(14, SEARCH,      SEARCH)       \
+  XX(15, UNLOCK,      UNLOCK)       \
+  XX(16, BIND,        BIND)         \
+  XX(17, REBIND,      REBIND)       \
+  XX(18, UNBIND,      UNBIND)       \
+  XX(19, ACL,         ACL)          \
+  /* subversion */                  \
+  XX(20, REPORT,      REPORT)       \
+  XX(21, MKACTIVITY,  MKACTIVITY)   \
+  XX(22, CHECKOUT,    CHECKOUT)     \
+  XX(23, MERGE,       MERGE)        \
+  /* upnp */                        \
+  XX(24, MSEARCH,     M-SEARCH)     \
+  XX(25, NOTIFY,      NOTIFY)       \
+  XX(26, SUBSCRIBE,   SUBSCRIBE)    \
+  XX(27, UNSUBSCRIBE, UNSUBSCRIBE)  \
+  /* RFC-5789 */                    \
+  XX(28, PATCH,       PATCH)        \
+  XX(29, PURGE,       PURGE)        \
+  /* CalDAV */                      \
+  XX(30, MKCALENDAR,  MKCALENDAR)   \
+  /* RFC-2068, section 19.6.1.2 */  \
+  XX(31, LINK,        LINK)         \
+  XX(32, UNLINK,      UNLINK)       \
+  /* icecast */                     \
+  XX(33, SOURCE,      SOURCE)       \
+
+enum http_method
+{
+#define XX(num, name, string) HTTP_##name = num,
+    HTTP_METHOD_MAP(XX)
+#undef XX
+};
+
+
+enum http_parser_type { HTTP_REQUEST, HTTP_RESPONSE, HTTP_BOTH };
+
+
+/* Flag values for http_parser.flags field */
+enum flags
+{ F_CHUNKED               = 1 << 0
+    , F_CONNECTION_KEEP_ALIVE = 1 << 1
+    , F_CONNECTION_CLOSE      = 1 << 2
+    , F_CONNECTION_UPGRADE    = 1 << 3
+    , F_TRAILING              = 1 << 4
+    , F_UPGRADE               = 1 << 5
+    , F_SKIPBODY              = 1 << 6
+    , F_CONTENTLENGTH         = 1 << 7
+};
+
+
+/* Map for errno-related constants
+ *
+ * The provided argument should be a macro that takes 2 arguments.
+ */
+#define HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(XX)                                           \
+  /* No error */                                                     \
+  XX(OK, "success")                                                  \
+                                                                     \
+  /* Callback-related errors */                                      \
+  XX(CB_message_begin, "the on_message_begin callback failed")       \
+  XX(CB_url, "the on_url callback failed")                           \
+  XX(CB_header_field, "the on_header_field callback failed")         \
+  XX(CB_header_value, "the on_header_value callback failed")         \
+  XX(CB_headers_complete, "the on_headers_complete callback failed") \
+  XX(CB_body, "the on_body callback failed")                         \
+  XX(CB_message_complete, "the on_message_complete callback failed") \
+  XX(CB_status, "the on_status callback failed")                     \
+  XX(CB_chunk_header, "the on_chunk_header callback failed")         \
+  XX(CB_chunk_complete, "the on_chunk_complete callback failed")     \
+                                                                     \
+  /* Parsing-related errors */                                       \
+  XX(INVALID_EOF_STATE, "stream ended at an unexpected time")        \
+  XX(HEADER_OVERFLOW,                                                \
+     "too many header bytes seen; overflow detected")                \
+  XX(CLOSED_CONNECTION,                                              \
+     "data received after completed connection: close message")      \
+  XX(INVALID_VERSION, "invalid HTTP version")                        \
+  XX(INVALID_STATUS, "invalid HTTP status code")                     \
+  XX(INVALID_METHOD, "invalid HTTP method")                          \
+  XX(INVALID_URL, "invalid URL")                                     \
+  XX(INVALID_HOST, "invalid host")                                   \
+  XX(INVALID_PORT, "invalid port")                                   \
+  XX(INVALID_PATH, "invalid path")                                   \
+  XX(INVALID_QUERY_STRING, "invalid query string")                   \
+  XX(INVALID_FRAGMENT, "invalid fragment")                           \
+  XX(LF_EXPECTED, "LF character expected")                           \
+  XX(INVALID_HEADER_TOKEN, "invalid character in header")            \
+  XX(INVALID_CONTENT_LENGTH,                                         \
+     "invalid character in content-length header")                   \
+  XX(UNEXPECTED_CONTENT_LENGTH,                                      \
+     "unexpected content-length header")                             \
+  XX(INVALID_CHUNK_SIZE,                                             \
+     "invalid character in chunk size header")                       \
+  XX(INVALID_CONSTANT, "invalid constant string")                    \
+  XX(INVALID_INTERNAL_STATE, "encountered unexpected internal state")\
+  XX(STRICT, "strict mode assertion failed")                         \
+  XX(PAUSED, "parser is paused")                                     \
+  XX(UNKNOWN, "an unknown error occurred")
+
+
+/* Define HPE_* values for each errno value above */
+#define HTTP_ERRNO_GEN(n, s) HPE_##n,
+enum http_errno {
+    HTTP_ERRNO_MAP(HTTP_ERRNO_GEN)
+};
+#undef HTTP_ERRNO_GEN
+
+
+/* Get an http_errno value from an http_parser */
+#define HTTP_PARSER_ERRNO(p)            ((enum http_errno) (p)->http_errno)
+
+
+struct http_parser {
+    /** PRIVATE **/
+    unsigned int type : 2;         /* enum http_parser_type */
+    unsigned int flags : 8;        /* F_* values from 'flags' enum; semi-public */
+    unsigned int state : 7;        /* enum state from http_parser.c */
+    unsigned int header_state : 7; /* enum header_state from http_parser.c */
+    unsigned int index : 7;        /* index into current matcher */
+    unsigned int lenient_http_headers : 1;
+
+    uint32_t nread;          /* # bytes read in various scenarios */
+    uint64_t content_length; /* # bytes in body (0 if no Content-Length header) */
+
+    /** READ-ONLY **/
+    unsigned short http_major;
+    unsigned short http_minor;
+    unsigned int status_code : 16; /* responses only */
+    unsigned int method : 8;       /* requests only */
+    unsigned int http_errno : 7;
+
+    /* 1 = Upgrade header was present and the parser has exited because of that.
+     * 0 = No upgrade header present.
+     * Should be checked when http_parser_execute() returns in addition to
+     * error checking.
+     */
+    unsigned int upgrade : 1;
+
+    /** PUBLIC **/
+    void *data; /* A pointer to get hook to the "connection" or "socket" object */
+};
+
+
+struct http_parser_settings {
+    http_cb      on_message_begin;
+    http_data_cb on_url;
+    http_data_cb on_status;
+    http_data_cb on_header_field;
+    http_data_cb on_header_value;
+    http_cb      on_headers_complete;
+    http_data_cb on_body;
+    http_cb      on_message_complete;
+    /* When on_chunk_header is called, the current chunk length is stored
+     * in parser->content_length.
+     */
+    http_cb      on_chunk_header;
+    http_cb      on_chunk_complete;
+};
+
+
+enum http_parser_url_fields
+{ UF_SCHEMA           = 0
+    , UF_HOST             = 1
+    , UF_PORT             = 2
+    , UF_PATH             = 3
+    , UF_QUERY            = 4
+    , UF_FRAGMENT         = 5
+    , UF_USERINFO         = 6
+    , UF_MAX              = 7
+};
+
+
+/* Result structure for http_parser_parse_url().
+ *
+ * Callers should index into field_data[] with UF_* values iff field_set
+ * has the relevant (1 << UF_*) bit set. As a courtesy to clients (and
+ * because we probably have padding left over), we convert any port to
+ * a uint16_t.
+ */
+struct http_parser_url {
+    uint16_t field_set;           /* Bitmask of (1 << UF_*) values */
+    uint16_t port;                /* Converted UF_PORT string */
+
+    struct {
+        uint16_t off;               /* Offset into buffer in which field starts */
+        uint16_t len;               /* Length of run in buffer */
+    } field_data[UF_MAX];
+};
+
+
+/* Returns the library version. Bits 16-23 contain the major version number,
+ * bits 8-15 the minor version number and bits 0-7 the patch level.
+ * Usage example:
+ *
+ *   unsigned long version = http_parser_version();
+ *   unsigned major = (version >> 16) & 255;
+ *   unsigned minor = (version >> 8) & 255;
+ *   unsigned patch = version & 255;
+ *   printf("http_parser v%u.%u.%u\n", major, minor, patch);
+ */
+unsigned long http_parser_version(void);
+
+void http_parser_init(http_parser *parser, enum http_parser_type type);
+
+
+/* Initialize http_parser_settings members to 0
+ */
+void http_parser_settings_init(http_parser_settings *settings);
+
+
+/* Executes the parser. Returns number of parsed bytes. Sets
+ * `parser->http_errno` on error. */
+size_t http_parser_execute(http_parser *parser,
+                           const http_parser_settings *settings,
+                           const char *data,
+                           size_t len);
+
+
+/* If http_should_keep_alive() in the on_headers_complete or
+ * on_message_complete callback returns 0, then this should be
+ * the last message on the connection.
+ * If you are the server, respond with the "Connection: close" header.
+ * If you are the client, close the connection.
+ */
+int http_should_keep_alive(const http_parser *parser);
+
+/* Returns a string version of the HTTP method. */
+const char *http_method_str(enum http_method m);
+
+/* Returns a string version of the HTTP status code. */
+const char *http_status_str(enum http_status s);
+
+/* Return a string name of the given error */
+const char *http_errno_name(enum http_errno err);
+
+/* Return a string description of the given error */
+const char *http_errno_description(enum http_errno err);
+
+/* Initialize all http_parser_url members to 0 */
+void http_parser_url_init(struct http_parser_url *u);
+
+/* Parse a URL; return nonzero on failure */
+int http_parser_parse_url(const char *buf, size_t buflen,
+                          int is_connect,
+                          struct http_parser_url *u);
+
+/* Pause or un-pause the parser; a nonzero value pauses */
+void http_parser_pause(http_parser *parser, int paused);
+
+/* Checks if this is the final chunk of the body. */
+int http_body_is_final(const http_parser *parser);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/external/imgui/CMakeLists.txt b/external/imgui/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66dae4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
+project(imgui CXX)
+
+# dear imgui uses the C++ virtual interfaces for DirectX
+remove_definitions(-DCINTERFACE)
+
+set(IMGUI_HEADERS
+        imconfig.h
+        imgui.h
+        imgui_internal.h
+        imgui_stdlib.h
+)
+set(IMGUI_SOURCES
+        imgui.cpp
+        imgui_draw.cpp
+        imgui_tables.cpp
+        imgui_widgets.cpp
+        imgui_demo.cpp
+        imgui_stdlib.cpp
+)
+
+add_library(imgui STATIC ${IMGUI_HEADERS} ${IMGUI_SOURCES})
+target_include_directories(imgui PRIVATE ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR})
diff --git a/external/imgui/LICENSE.txt b/external/imgui/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb715bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2023 Omar Cornut
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
diff --git a/external/imgui/imconfig.h b/external/imgui/imconfig.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a9af0f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imconfig.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// COMPILE-TIME OPTIONS FOR DEAR IMGUI
+// Runtime options (clipboard callbacks, enabling various features, etc.) can generally be set via the ImGuiIO structure.
+// You can use ImGui::SetAllocatorFunctions() before calling ImGui::CreateContext() to rewire memory allocation functions.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// A) You may edit imconfig.h (and not overwrite it when updating Dear ImGui, or maintain a patch/rebased branch with your modifications to it)
+// B) or '#define IMGUI_USER_CONFIG "my_imgui_config.h"' in your project and then add directives in your own file without touching this template.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// You need to make sure that configuration settings are defined consistently _everywhere_ Dear ImGui is used, which include the imgui*.cpp
+// files but also _any_ of your code that uses Dear ImGui. This is because some compile-time options have an affect on data structures.
+// Defining those options in imconfig.h will ensure every compilation unit gets to see the same data structure layouts.
+// Call IMGUI_CHECKVERSION() from your .cpp files to verify that the data structures your files are using are matching the ones imgui.cpp is using.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#pragma once
+
+//---- Define assertion handler. Defaults to calling assert().
+// If your macro uses multiple statements, make sure is enclosed in a 'do { .. } while (0)' block so it can be used as a single statement.
+//#define IM_ASSERT(_EXPR)  MyAssert(_EXPR)
+#define IM_ASSERT(_EXPR)  ((void)(_EXPR))     // Disable asserts
+
+//---- Define attributes of all API symbols declarations, e.g. for DLL under Windows
+// Using Dear ImGui via a shared library is not recommended, because of function call overhead and because we don't guarantee backward nor forward ABI compatibility.
+// DLL users: heaps and globals are not shared across DLL boundaries! You will need to call SetCurrentContext() + SetAllocatorFunctions()
+// for each static/DLL boundary you are calling from. Read "Context and Memory Allocators" section of imgui.cpp for more details.
+//#define IMGUI_API __declspec( dllexport )
+//#define IMGUI_API __declspec( dllimport )
+
+//---- Don't define obsolete functions/enums/behaviors. Consider enabling from time to time after updating to avoid using soon-to-be obsolete function/names.
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO                      // 1.87: disable legacy io.KeyMap[]+io.KeysDown[] in favor io.AddKeyEvent(). This will be folded into IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS in a few versions.
+
+//---- Disable all of Dear ImGui or don't implement standard windows/tools.
+// It is very strongly recommended to NOT disable the demo windows and debug tool during development. They are extremely useful in day to day work. Please read comments in imgui_demo.cpp.
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE                                     // Disable everything: all headers and source files will be empty.
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEMO_WINDOWS                        // Disable demo windows: ShowDemoWindow()/ShowStyleEditor() will be empty.
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS                         // Disable metrics/debugger and other debug tools: ShowMetricsWindow(), ShowDebugLogWindow() and ShowStackToolWindow() will be empty (this was called IMGUI_DISABLE_METRICS_WINDOW before 1.88).
+
+//---- Don't implement some functions to reduce linkage requirements.
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS   // [Win32] Don't implement default clipboard handler. Won't use and link with OpenClipboard/GetClipboardData/CloseClipboard etc. (user32.lib/.a, kernel32.lib/.a)
+#define IMGUI_ENABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS          // [Win32] [Default with Visual Studio] Implement default IME handler (require imm32.lib/.a, auto-link for Visual Studio, -limm32 on command-line for MinGW)
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS         // [Win32] [Default with non-Visual Studio compilers] Don't implement default IME handler (won't require imm32.lib/.a)
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS                     // [Win32] Won't use and link with any Win32 function (clipboard, ime).
+//#define IMGUI_ENABLE_OSX_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS      // [OSX] Implement default OSX clipboard handler (need to link with '-framework ApplicationServices', this is why this is not the default).
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS            // Don't implement ImFormatString/ImFormatStringV so you can implement them yourself (e.g. if you don't want to link with vsnprintf)
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_MATH_FUNCTIONS              // Don't implement ImFabs/ImSqrt/ImPow/ImFmod/ImCos/ImSin/ImAcos/ImAtan2 so you can implement them yourself.
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_FILE_FUNCTIONS                      // Don't implement ImFileOpen/ImFileClose/ImFileRead/ImFileWrite and ImFileHandle at all (replace them with dummies)
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS              // Don't implement ImFileOpen/ImFileClose/ImFileRead/ImFileWrite and ImFileHandle so you can implement them yourself if you don't want to link with fopen/fclose/fread/fwrite. This will also disable the LogToTTY() function.
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS                  // Don't implement default allocators calling malloc()/free() to avoid linking with them. You will need to call ImGui::SetAllocatorFunctions().
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_SSE                                 // Disable use of SSE intrinsics even if available
+
+//---- Include imgui_user.h at the end of imgui.h as a convenience
+//#define IMGUI_INCLUDE_IMGUI_USER_H
+
+//---- Pack colors to BGRA8 instead of RGBA8 (to avoid converting from one to another)
+#define IMGUI_USE_BGRA_PACKED_COLOR
+
+//---- Performance optimization for DX9
+#define IMGUI_OVERRIDE_DRAWVERT_STRUCT_LAYOUT struct ImDrawVert { ImVec2 pos; float z; ImU32 col; ImVec2 uv; }
+
+//---- Use 32-bit for ImWchar (default is 16-bit) to support unicode planes 1-16. (e.g. point beyond 0xFFFF like emoticons, dingbats, symbols, shapes, ancient languages, etc...)
+//#define IMGUI_USE_WCHAR32
+
+//---- Avoid multiple STB libraries implementations, or redefine path/filenames to prioritize another version
+// By default the embedded implementations are declared static and not available outside of Dear ImGui sources files.
+//#define IMGUI_STB_TRUETYPE_FILENAME   "my_folder/stb_truetype.h"
+//#define IMGUI_STB_RECT_PACK_FILENAME  "my_folder/stb_rect_pack.h"
+//#define IMGUI_STB_SPRINTF_FILENAME    "my_folder/stb_sprintf.h"    // only used if enabled
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_STB_RECT_PACK_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+//---- Use stb_sprintf.h for a faster implementation of vsnprintf instead of the one from libc (unless IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS is defined)
+// Compatibility checks of arguments and formats done by clang and GCC will be disabled in order to support the extra formats provided by stb_sprintf.h.
+//#define IMGUI_USE_STB_SPRINTF
+
+//---- Use FreeType to build and rasterize the font atlas (instead of stb_truetype which is embedded by default in Dear ImGui)
+// Requires FreeType headers to be available in the include path. Requires program to be compiled with 'misc/freetype/imgui_freetype.cpp' (in this repository) + the FreeType library (not provided).
+// On Windows you may use vcpkg with 'vcpkg install freetype --triplet=x64-windows' + 'vcpkg integrate install'.
+//#define IMGUI_ENABLE_FREETYPE
+
+//---- Use stb_truetype to build and rasterize the font atlas (default)
+// The only purpose of this define is if you want force compilation of the stb_truetype backend ALONG with the FreeType backend.
+//#define IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE
+
+//---- Define constructor and implicit cast operators to convert back<>forth between your math types and ImVec2/ImVec4.
+// This will be inlined as part of ImVec2 and ImVec4 class declarations.
+/*
+#define IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA                                                     \
+        constexpr ImVec2(const MyVec2& f) : x(f.x), y(f.y) {}                   \
+        operator MyVec2() const { return MyVec2(x,y); }
+
+#define IM_VEC4_CLASS_EXTRA                                                     \
+        constexpr ImVec4(const MyVec4& f) : x(f.x), y(f.y), z(f.z), w(f.w) {}   \
+        operator MyVec4() const { return MyVec4(x,y,z,w); }
+*/
+//---- ...Or use Dear ImGui's own very basic math operators.
+//#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+
+//---- Use 32-bit vertex indices (default is 16-bit) is one way to allow large meshes with more than 64K vertices.
+// Your renderer backend will need to support it (most example renderer backends support both 16/32-bit indices).
+// Another way to allow large meshes while keeping 16-bit indices is to handle ImDrawCmd::VtxOffset in your renderer.
+// Read about ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset for details.
+//#define ImDrawIdx unsigned int
+
+//---- Override ImDrawCallback signature (will need to modify renderer backends accordingly)
+//struct ImDrawList;
+//struct ImDrawCmd;
+//typedef void (*MyImDrawCallback)(const ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImDrawCmd* cmd, void* my_renderer_user_data);
+//#define ImDrawCallback MyImDrawCallback
+
+//---- Debug Tools: Macro to break in Debugger
+// (use 'Metrics->Tools->Item Picker' to pick widgets with the mouse and break into them for easy debugging.)
+//#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK  IM_ASSERT(0)
+//#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK  __debugbreak()
+
+//---- Debug Tools: Enable slower asserts
+//#define IMGUI_DEBUG_PARANOID
+
+//---- Tip: You can add extra functions within the ImGui:: namespace, here or in your own headers files.
+/*
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    void MyFunction(const char* name, const MyMatrix44& v);
+}
+*/
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui.cpp b/external/imgui/imgui.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b94c31f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20436 @@
+// dear imgui, v1.89.5 WIP
+// (main code and documentation)
+
+// Help:
+// - Read FAQ at http://dearimgui.com/faq
+// - Newcomers, read 'Programmer guide' below for notes on how to setup Dear ImGui in your codebase.
+// - Call and read ImGui::ShowDemoWindow() in imgui_demo.cpp. All applications in examples/ are doing that.
+// Read imgui.cpp for details, links and comments.
+
+// Resources:
+// - FAQ                   http://dearimgui.com/faq
+// - Homepage & latest     https://github.com/ocornut/imgui
+// - Releases & changelog  https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/releases
+// - Gallery               https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/5886 (please post your screenshots/video there!)
+// - Wiki                  https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki (lots of good stuff there)
+// - Glossary              https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Glossary
+// - Issues & support      https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues
+
+// Getting Started?
+// - For first-time users having issues compiling/linking/running or issues loading fonts:
+//   please post in https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/discussions if you cannot find a solution in resources above.
+
+// Developed by Omar Cornut and every direct or indirect contributors to the GitHub.
+// See LICENSE.txt for copyright and licensing details (standard MIT License).
+// This library is free but needs your support to sustain development and maintenance.
+// Businesses: you can support continued development via invoiced technical support, maintenance and sponsoring contracts. Please reach out to "contact AT dearimgui.com".
+// Individuals: you can support continued development via donations. See docs/README or web page.
+
+// It is recommended that you don't modify imgui.cpp! It will become difficult for you to update the library.
+// Note that 'ImGui::' being a namespace, you can add functions into the namespace from your own source files, without
+// modifying imgui.h or imgui.cpp. You may include imgui_internal.h to access internal data structures, but it doesn't
+// come with any guarantee of forward compatibility. Discussing your changes on the GitHub Issue Tracker may lead you
+// to a better solution or official support for them.
+
+/*
+
+Index of this file:
+
+DOCUMENTATION
+
+- MISSION STATEMENT
+- CONTROLS GUIDE
+- PROGRAMMER GUIDE
+  - READ FIRST
+  - HOW TO UPDATE TO A NEWER VERSION OF DEAR IMGUI
+  - GETTING STARTED WITH INTEGRATING DEAR IMGUI IN YOUR CODE/ENGINE
+  - HOW A SIMPLE APPLICATION MAY LOOK LIKE
+  - HOW A SIMPLE RENDERING FUNCTION MAY LOOK LIKE
+- API BREAKING CHANGES (read me when you update!)
+- FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
+  - Read all answers online: https://www.dearimgui.com/faq, or in docs/FAQ.md (with a Markdown viewer)
+
+CODE
+(search for "[SECTION]" in the code to find them)
+
+// [SECTION] INCLUDES
+// [SECTION] FORWARD DECLARATIONS
+// [SECTION] CONTEXT AND MEMORY ALLOCATORS
+// [SECTION] USER FACING STRUCTURES (ImGuiStyle, ImGuiIO)
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (Geometry functions)
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (String, Format, Hash functions)
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (File functions)
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (ImText* functions)
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (Color functions)
+// [SECTION] ImGuiStorage
+// [SECTION] ImGuiTextFilter
+// [SECTION] ImGuiTextBuffer, ImGuiTextIndex
+// [SECTION] ImGuiListClipper
+// [SECTION] STYLING
+// [SECTION] RENDER HELPERS
+// [SECTION] INITIALIZATION, SHUTDOWN
+// [SECTION] MAIN CODE (most of the code! lots of stuff, needs tidying up!)
+// [SECTION] INPUTS
+// [SECTION] ERROR CHECKING
+// [SECTION] LAYOUT
+// [SECTION] SCROLLING
+// [SECTION] TOOLTIPS
+// [SECTION] POPUPS
+// [SECTION] KEYBOARD/GAMEPAD NAVIGATION
+// [SECTION] DRAG AND DROP
+// [SECTION] LOGGING/CAPTURING
+// [SECTION] SETTINGS
+// [SECTION] LOCALIZATION
+// [SECTION] VIEWPORTS, PLATFORM WINDOWS
+// [SECTION] DOCKING
+// [SECTION] PLATFORM DEPENDENT HELPERS
+// [SECTION] METRICS/DEBUGGER WINDOW
+// [SECTION] DEBUG LOG WINDOW
+// [SECTION] OTHER DEBUG TOOLS (ITEM PICKER, STACK TOOL)
+
+*/
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DOCUMENTATION
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/*
+
+ MISSION STATEMENT
+ =================
+
+ - Easy to use to create code-driven and data-driven tools.
+ - Easy to use to create ad hoc short-lived tools and long-lived, more elaborate tools.
+ - Easy to hack and improve.
+ - Minimize setup and maintenance.
+ - Minimize state storage on user side.
+ - Minimize state synchronization.
+ - Portable, minimize dependencies, run on target (consoles, phones, etc.).
+ - Efficient runtime and memory consumption.
+
+ Designed for developers and content-creators, not the typical end-user! Some of the current weaknesses includes:
+
+ - Doesn't look fancy, doesn't animate.
+ - Limited layout features, intricate layouts are typically crafted in code.
+
+
+ CONTROLS GUIDE
+ ==============
+
+ - MOUSE CONTROLS
+   - Mouse wheel:                   Scroll vertically.
+   - SHIFT+Mouse wheel:             Scroll horizontally.
+   - Click [X]:                     Close a window, available when 'bool* p_open' is passed to ImGui::Begin().
+   - Click ^, Double-Click title:   Collapse window.
+   - Drag on corner/border:         Resize window (double-click to auto fit window to its contents).
+   - Drag on any empty space:       Move window (unless io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly = true).
+   - Left-click outside popup:      Close popup stack (right-click over underlying popup: Partially close popup stack).
+
+ - TEXT EDITOR
+   - Hold SHIFT or Drag Mouse:      Select text.
+   - CTRL+Left/Right:               Word jump.
+   - CTRL+Shift+Left/Right:         Select words.
+   - CTRL+A or Double-Click:        Select All.
+   - CTRL+X, CTRL+C, CTRL+V:        Use OS clipboard.
+   - CTRL+Z, CTRL+Y:                Undo, Redo.
+   - ESCAPE:                        Revert text to its original value.
+   - On OSX, controls are automatically adjusted to match standard OSX text editing shortcuts and behaviors.
+
+ - KEYBOARD CONTROLS
+   - Basic:
+     - Tab, SHIFT+Tab               Cycle through text editable fields.
+     - CTRL+Tab, CTRL+Shift+Tab     Cycle through windows.
+     - CTRL+Click                   Input text into a Slider or Drag widget.
+   - Extended features with `io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard`:
+     - Tab, SHIFT+Tab:              Cycle through every items.
+     - Arrow keys                   Move through items using directional navigation. Tweak value.
+     - Arrow keys + Alt, Shift      Tweak slower, tweak faster (when using arrow keys).
+     - Enter                        Activate item (prefer text input when possible).
+     - Space                        Activate item (prefer tweaking with arrows when possible).
+     - Escape                       Deactivate item, leave child window, close popup.
+     - Page Up, Page Down           Previous page, next page.
+     - Home, End                    Scroll to top, scroll to bottom.
+     - Alt                          Toggle between scrolling layer and menu layer.
+     - CTRL+Tab then Ctrl+Arrows    Move window. Hold SHIFT to resize instead of moving.
+   - Output when ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard set,
+     - io.WantCaptureKeyboard flag is set when keyboard is claimed.
+     - io.NavActive: true when a window is focused and it doesn't have the ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs flag set.
+     - io.NavVisible: true when the navigation cursor is visible (usually goes to back false when mouse is used).
+
+ - GAMEPAD CONTROLS
+   - Enable with 'io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad'.
+   - Particularly useful to use Dear ImGui on a console system (e.g. PlayStation, Switch, Xbox) without a mouse!
+   - Download controller mapping PNG/PSD at http://dearimgui.com/controls_sheets
+   - Backend support: backend needs to:
+      - Set 'io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad' + call io.AddKeyEvent/AddKeyAnalogEvent() with ImGuiKey_Gamepad_XXX keys.
+      - For analog values (0.0f to 1.0f), backend is responsible to handling a dead-zone and rescaling inputs accordingly.
+        Backend code will probably need to transform your raw inputs (such as e.g. remapping your 0.2..0.9 raw input range to 0.0..1.0 imgui range, etc.).
+      - BEFORE 1.87, BACKENDS USED TO WRITE TO io.NavInputs[]. This is now obsolete. Please call io functions instead!
+   - If you need to share inputs between your game and the Dear ImGui interface, the easiest approach is to go all-or-nothing,
+     with a buttons combo to toggle the target. Please reach out if you think the game vs navigation input sharing could be improved.
+
+ - REMOTE INPUTS SHARING & MOUSE EMULATION
+   - PS4/PS5 users: Consider emulating a mouse cursor with DualShock touch pad or a spare analog stick as a mouse-emulation fallback.
+   - Consoles/Tablet/Phone users: Consider using a Synergy 1.x server (on your PC) + run examples/libs/synergy/uSynergy.c (on your console/tablet/phone app)
+     in order to share your PC mouse/keyboard.
+   - See https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Useful-Extensions#remoting for other remoting solutions.
+   - On a TV/console system where readability may be lower or mouse inputs may be awkward, you may want to set the ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos flag.
+     Enabling ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos + ImGuiBackendFlags_HasSetMousePos instructs Dear ImGui to move your mouse cursor along with navigation movements.
+     When enabled, the NewFrame() function may alter 'io.MousePos' and set 'io.WantSetMousePos' to notify you that it wants the mouse cursor to be moved.
+     When that happens your backend NEEDS to move the OS or underlying mouse cursor on the next frame. Some of the backends in examples/ do that.
+     (If you set the NavEnableSetMousePos flag but don't honor 'io.WantSetMousePos' properly, Dear ImGui will misbehave as it will see your mouse moving back & forth!)
+     (In a setup when you may not have easy control over the mouse cursor, e.g. uSynergy.c doesn't expose moving remote mouse cursor, you may want
+     to set a boolean to ignore your other external mouse positions until the external source is moved again.)
+
+
+ PROGRAMMER GUIDE
+ ================
+
+ READ FIRST
+ ----------
+ - Remember to check the wonderful Wiki (https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki)
+ - Your code creates the UI, if your code doesn't run the UI is gone! The UI can be highly dynamic, there are no construction or
+   destruction steps, less superfluous data retention on your side, less state duplication, less state synchronization, fewer bugs.
+ - Call and read ImGui::ShowDemoWindow() for demo code demonstrating most features.
+ - The library is designed to be built from sources. Avoid pre-compiled binaries and packaged versions. See imconfig.h to configure your build.
+ - Dear ImGui is an implementation of the IMGUI paradigm (immediate-mode graphical user interface, a term coined by Casey Muratori).
+   You can learn about IMGUI principles at http://www.johno.se/book/imgui.html, http://mollyrocket.com/861 & more links in Wiki.
+ - Dear ImGui is a "single pass" rasterizing implementation of the IMGUI paradigm, aimed at ease of use and high-performances.
+   For every application frame, your UI code will be called only once. This is in contrast to e.g. Unity's implementation of an IMGUI,
+   where the UI code is called multiple times ("multiple passes") from a single entry point. There are pros and cons to both approaches.
+ - Our origin is on the top-left. In axis aligned bounding boxes, Min = top-left, Max = bottom-right.
+ - This codebase is also optimized to yield decent performances with typical "Debug" builds settings.
+ - Please make sure you have asserts enabled (IM_ASSERT redirects to assert() by default, but can be redirected).
+   If you get an assert, read the messages and comments around the assert.
+ - C++: this is a very C-ish codebase: we don't rely on C++11, we don't include any C++ headers, and ImGui:: is a namespace.
+ - C++: ImVec2/ImVec4 do not expose math operators by default, because it is expected that you use your own math types.
+   See FAQ "How can I use my own math types instead of ImVec2/ImVec4?" for details about setting up imconfig.h for that.
+   However, imgui_internal.h can optionally export math operators for ImVec2/ImVec4, which we use in this codebase.
+ - C++: pay attention that ImVector<> manipulates plain-old-data and does not honor construction/destruction (avoid using it in your code!).
+
+
+ HOW TO UPDATE TO A NEWER VERSION OF DEAR IMGUI
+ ----------------------------------------------
+ - Overwrite all the sources files except for imconfig.h (if you have modified your copy of imconfig.h)
+ - Or maintain your own branch where you have imconfig.h modified as a top-most commit which you can regularly rebase over "master".
+ - You can also use '#define IMGUI_USER_CONFIG "my_config_file.h" to redirect configuration to your own file.
+ - Read the "API BREAKING CHANGES" section (below). This is where we list occasional API breaking changes.
+   If a function/type has been renamed / or marked obsolete, try to fix the name in your code before it is permanently removed
+   from the public API. If you have a problem with a missing function/symbols, search for its name in the code, there will
+   likely be a comment about it. Please report any issue to the GitHub page!
+ - To find out usage of old API, you can add '#define IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS' in your configuration file.
+ - Try to keep your copy of Dear ImGui reasonably up to date.
+
+
+ GETTING STARTED WITH INTEGRATING DEAR IMGUI IN YOUR CODE/ENGINE
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------
+ - Run and study the examples and demo in imgui_demo.cpp to get acquainted with the library.
+ - In the majority of cases you should be able to use unmodified backends files available in the backends/ folder.
+ - Add the Dear ImGui source files + selected backend source files to your projects or using your preferred build system.
+   It is recommended you build and statically link the .cpp files as part of your project and NOT as a shared library (DLL).
+ - You can later customize the imconfig.h file to tweak some compile-time behavior, such as integrating Dear ImGui types with your own maths types.
+ - When using Dear ImGui, your programming IDE is your friend: follow the declaration of variables, functions and types to find comments about them.
+ - Dear ImGui never touches or knows about your GPU state. The only function that knows about GPU is the draw function that you provide.
+   Effectively it means you can create widgets at any time in your code, regardless of considerations of being in "update" vs "render"
+   phases of your own application. All rendering information is stored into command-lists that you will retrieve after calling ImGui::Render().
+ - Refer to the backends and demo applications in the examples/ folder for instruction on how to setup your code.
+ - If you are running over a standard OS with a common graphics API, you should be able to use unmodified imgui_impl_*** files from the examples/ folder.
+
+
+ HOW A SIMPLE APPLICATION MAY LOOK LIKE
+ --------------------------------------
+ EXHIBIT 1: USING THE EXAMPLE BACKENDS (= imgui_impl_XXX.cpp files from the backends/ folder).
+ The sub-folders in examples/ contain examples applications following this structure.
+
+     // Application init: create a dear imgui context, setup some options, load fonts
+     ImGui::CreateContext();
+     ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+     // TODO: Set optional io.ConfigFlags values, e.g. 'io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard' to enable keyboard controls.
+     // TODO: Fill optional fields of the io structure later.
+     // TODO: Load TTF/OTF fonts if you don't want to use the default font.
+
+     // Initialize helper Platform and Renderer backends (here we are using imgui_impl_win32.cpp and imgui_impl_dx11.cpp)
+     ImGui_ImplWin32_Init(hwnd);
+     ImGui_ImplDX11_Init(g_pd3dDevice, g_pd3dDeviceContext);
+
+     // Application main loop
+     while (true)
+     {
+         // Feed inputs to dear imgui, start new frame
+         ImGui_ImplDX11_NewFrame();
+         ImGui_ImplWin32_NewFrame();
+         ImGui::NewFrame();
+
+         // Any application code here
+         ImGui::Text("Hello, world!");
+
+         // Render dear imgui into screen
+         ImGui::Render();
+         ImGui_ImplDX11_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());
+         g_pSwapChain->Present(1, 0);
+     }
+
+     // Shutdown
+     ImGui_ImplDX11_Shutdown();
+     ImGui_ImplWin32_Shutdown();
+     ImGui::DestroyContext();
+
+ EXHIBIT 2: IMPLEMENTING CUSTOM BACKEND / CUSTOM ENGINE
+
+     // Application init: create a dear imgui context, setup some options, load fonts
+     ImGui::CreateContext();
+     ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+     // TODO: Set optional io.ConfigFlags values, e.g. 'io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard' to enable keyboard controls.
+     // TODO: Fill optional fields of the io structure later.
+     // TODO: Load TTF/OTF fonts if you don't want to use the default font.
+
+     // Build and load the texture atlas into a texture
+     // (In the examples/ app this is usually done within the ImGui_ImplXXX_Init() function from one of the demo Renderer)
+     int width, height;
+     unsigned char* pixels = nullptr;
+     io.Fonts->GetTexDataAsRGBA32(&pixels, &width, &height);
+
+     // At this point you've got the texture data and you need to upload that to your graphic system:
+     // After we have created the texture, store its pointer/identifier (_in whichever format your engine uses_) in 'io.Fonts->TexID'.
+     // This will be passed back to your via the renderer. Basically ImTextureID == void*. Read FAQ for details about ImTextureID.
+     MyTexture* texture = MyEngine::CreateTextureFromMemoryPixels(pixels, width, height, TEXTURE_TYPE_RGBA32)
+     io.Fonts->SetTexID((void*)texture);
+
+     // Application main loop
+     while (true)
+     {
+        // Setup low-level inputs, e.g. on Win32: calling GetKeyboardState(), or write to those fields from your Windows message handlers, etc.
+        // (In the examples/ app this is usually done within the ImGui_ImplXXX_NewFrame() function from one of the demo Platform Backends)
+        io.DeltaTime = 1.0f/60.0f;              // set the time elapsed since the previous frame (in seconds)
+        io.DisplaySize.x = 1920.0f;             // set the current display width
+        io.DisplaySize.y = 1280.0f;             // set the current display height here
+        io.AddMousePosEvent(mouse_x, mouse_y);  // update mouse position
+        io.AddMouseButtonEvent(0, mouse_b[0]);  // update mouse button states
+        io.AddMouseButtonEvent(1, mouse_b[1]);  // update mouse button states
+
+        // Call NewFrame(), after this point you can use ImGui::* functions anytime
+        // (So you want to try calling NewFrame() as early as you can in your main loop to be able to use Dear ImGui everywhere)
+        ImGui::NewFrame();
+
+        // Most of your application code here
+        ImGui::Text("Hello, world!");
+        MyGameUpdate(); // may use any Dear ImGui functions, e.g. ImGui::Begin("My window"); ImGui::Text("Hello, world!"); ImGui::End();
+        MyGameRender(); // may use any Dear ImGui functions as well!
+
+        // Render dear imgui, swap buffers
+        // (You want to try calling EndFrame/Render as late as you can, to be able to use Dear ImGui in your own game rendering code)
+        ImGui::EndFrame();
+        ImGui::Render();
+        ImDrawData* draw_data = ImGui::GetDrawData();
+        MyImGuiRenderFunction(draw_data);
+        SwapBuffers();
+     }
+
+     // Shutdown
+     ImGui::DestroyContext();
+
+ To decide whether to dispatch mouse/keyboard inputs to Dear ImGui to the rest of your application,
+ you should read the 'io.WantCaptureMouse', 'io.WantCaptureKeyboard' and 'io.WantTextInput' flags!
+ Please read the FAQ and example applications for details about this!
+
+
+ HOW A SIMPLE RENDERING FUNCTION MAY LOOK LIKE
+ ---------------------------------------------
+ The backends in impl_impl_XXX.cpp files contain many working implementations of a rendering function.
+
+    void MyImGuiRenderFunction(ImDrawData* draw_data)
+    {
+       // TODO: Setup render state: alpha-blending enabled, no face culling, no depth testing, scissor enabled
+       // TODO: Setup texture sampling state: sample with bilinear filtering (NOT point/nearest filtering). Use 'io.Fonts->Flags |= ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines;' to allow point/nearest filtering.
+       // TODO: Setup viewport covering draw_data->DisplayPos to draw_data->DisplayPos + draw_data->DisplaySize
+       // TODO: Setup orthographic projection matrix cover draw_data->DisplayPos to draw_data->DisplayPos + draw_data->DisplaySize
+       // TODO: Setup shader: vertex { float2 pos, float2 uv, u32 color }, fragment shader sample color from 1 texture, multiply by vertex color.
+       ImVec2 clip_off = draw_data->DisplayPos;
+       for (int n = 0; n < draw_data->CmdListsCount; n++)
+       {
+          const ImDrawList* cmd_list = draw_data->CmdLists[n];
+          const ImDrawVert* vtx_buffer = cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Data;  // vertex buffer generated by Dear ImGui
+          const ImDrawIdx* idx_buffer = cmd_list->IdxBuffer.Data;   // index buffer generated by Dear ImGui
+          for (int cmd_i = 0; cmd_i < cmd_list->CmdBuffer.Size; cmd_i++)
+          {
+             const ImDrawCmd* pcmd = &cmd_list->CmdBuffer[cmd_i];
+             if (pcmd->UserCallback)
+             {
+                 pcmd->UserCallback(cmd_list, pcmd);
+             }
+             else
+             {
+                 // Project scissor/clipping rectangles into framebuffer space
+                 ImVec2 clip_min(pcmd->ClipRect.x - clip_off.x, pcmd->ClipRect.y - clip_off.y);
+                 ImVec2 clip_max(pcmd->ClipRect.z - clip_off.x, pcmd->ClipRect.w - clip_off.y);
+                 if (clip_max.x <= clip_min.x || clip_max.y <= clip_min.y)
+                     continue;
+
+                 // We are using scissoring to clip some objects. All low-level graphics API should support it.
+                 // - If your engine doesn't support scissoring yet, you may ignore this at first. You will get some small glitches
+                 //   (some elements visible outside their bounds) but you can fix that once everything else works!
+                 // - Clipping coordinates are provided in imgui coordinates space:
+                 //   - For a given viewport, draw_data->DisplayPos == viewport->Pos and draw_data->DisplaySize == viewport->Size
+                 //   - In a single viewport application, draw_data->DisplayPos == (0,0) and draw_data->DisplaySize == io.DisplaySize, but always use GetMainViewport()->Pos/Size instead of hardcoding those values.
+                 //   - In the interest of supporting multi-viewport applications (see 'docking' branch on github),
+                 //     always subtract draw_data->DisplayPos from clipping bounds to convert them to your viewport space.
+                 // - Note that pcmd->ClipRect contains Min+Max bounds. Some graphics API may use Min+Max, other may use Min+Size (size being Max-Min)
+                 MyEngineSetScissor(clip_min.x, clip_min.y, clip_max.x, clip_max.y);
+
+                 // The texture for the draw call is specified by pcmd->GetTexID().
+                 // The vast majority of draw calls will use the Dear ImGui texture atlas, which value you have set yourself during initialization.
+                 MyEngineBindTexture((MyTexture*)pcmd->GetTexID());
+
+                 // Render 'pcmd->ElemCount/3' indexed triangles.
+                 // By default the indices ImDrawIdx are 16-bit, you can change them to 32-bit in imconfig.h if your engine doesn't support 16-bit indices.
+                 MyEngineDrawIndexedTriangles(pcmd->ElemCount, sizeof(ImDrawIdx) == 2 ? GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT : GL_UNSIGNED_INT, idx_buffer + pcmd->IdxOffset, vtx_buffer, pcmd->VtxOffset);
+             }
+          }
+       }
+    }
+
+
+ API BREAKING CHANGES
+ ====================
+
+ Occasionally introducing changes that are breaking the API. We try to make the breakage minor and easy to fix.
+ Below is a change-log of API breaking changes only. If you are using one of the functions listed, expect to have to fix some code.
+ When you are not sure about an old symbol or function name, try using the Search/Find function of your IDE to look for comments or references in all imgui files.
+ You can read releases logs https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/releases for more details.
+
+(Docking/Viewport Branch)
+ - 2023/XX/XX (1.XXXX) - when multi-viewports are enabled, all positions will be in your natural OS coordinates space. It means that:
+                          - reference to hard-coded positions such as in SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(0,0)) are probably not what you want anymore.
+                            you may use GetMainViewport()->Pos to offset hard-coded positions, e.g. SetNextWindowPos(GetMainViewport()->Pos)
+                          - likewise io.MousePos and GetMousePos() will use OS coordinates.
+                            If you query mouse positions to interact with non-imgui coordinates you will need to offset them, e.g. subtract GetWindowViewport()->Pos.
+
+ - 2023/03/14 (1.89.4) - commented out redirecting enums/functions names that were marked obsolete two years ago:
+                           - ImGuiSliderFlags_ClampOnInput        -> use ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp
+                           - ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysInsertMode -> use ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysOverwrite
+                           - ImDrawList::AddBezierCurve()         -> use ImDrawList::AddBezierCubic()
+                           - ImDrawList::PathBezierCurveTo()      -> use ImDrawList::PathBezierCubicCurveTo()
+ - 2023/03/09 (1.89.4) - renamed PushAllowKeyboardFocus()/PopAllowKeyboardFocus() to PushTabStop()/PopTabStop(). Kept inline redirection functions (will obsolete).
+ - 2023/03/09 (1.89.4) - tooltips: Added 'bool' return value to BeginTooltip() for API consistency. Please only submit contents and call EndTooltip() if BeginTooltip() returns true. In reality the function will _currently_ always return true, but further changes down the line may change this, best to clarify API sooner.
+ - 2023/02/15 (1.89.4) - moved the optional "courtesy maths operators" implementation from imgui_internal.h in imgui.h.
+                         Even though we encourage using your own maths types and operators by setting up IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA,
+                         it has been frequently requested by people to use our own. We had an opt-in define which was
+                         previously fulfilled in imgui_internal.h. It is now fulfilled in imgui.h. (#6164)
+                           - OK:     #define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS / #include "imgui.h" / #include "imgui_internal.h"
+                           - Error:  #include "imgui.h" / #define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS / #include "imgui_internal.h"
+ - 2023/02/07 (1.89.3) - backends: renamed "imgui_impl_sdl.cpp" to "imgui_impl_sdl2.cpp" and "imgui_impl_sdl.h" to "imgui_impl_sdl2.h". (#6146) This is in prevision for the future release of SDL3.
+ - 2022/10/26 (1.89)   - commented out redirecting OpenPopupContextItem() which was briefly the name of OpenPopupOnItemClick() from 1.77 to 1.79.
+ - 2022/10/12 (1.89)   - removed runtime patching of invalid "%f"/"%0.f" format strings for DragInt()/SliderInt(). This was obsoleted in 1.61 (May 2018). See 1.61 changelog for details.
+ - 2022/09/26 (1.89)   - renamed and merged keyboard modifiers key enums and flags into a same set. Kept inline redirection enums (will obsolete).
+                           - ImGuiKey_ModCtrl  and ImGuiModFlags_Ctrl  -> ImGuiMod_Ctrl
+                           - ImGuiKey_ModShift and ImGuiModFlags_Shift -> ImGuiMod_Shift
+                           - ImGuiKey_ModAlt   and ImGuiModFlags_Alt   -> ImGuiMod_Alt
+                           - ImGuiKey_ModSuper and ImGuiModFlags_Super -> ImGuiMod_Super
+                         the ImGuiKey_ModXXX were introduced in 1.87 and mostly used by backends.
+                         the ImGuiModFlags_XXX have been exposed in imgui.h but not really used by any public api only by third-party extensions.
+                         exceptionally commenting out the older ImGuiKeyModFlags_XXX names ahead of obsolescence schedule to reduce confusion and because they were not meant to be used anyway.
+ - 2022/09/20 (1.89)   - ImGuiKey is now a typed enum, allowing ImGuiKey_XXX symbols to be named in debuggers.
+                         this will require uses of legacy backend-dependent indices to be casted, e.g.
+                            - with imgui_impl_glfw:  IsKeyPressed(GLFW_KEY_A) -> IsKeyPressed((ImGuiKey)GLFW_KEY_A);
+                            - with imgui_impl_win32: IsKeyPressed('A')        -> IsKeyPressed((ImGuiKey)'A')
+                            - etc. However if you are upgrading code you might well use the better, backend-agnostic IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_A) now!
+ - 2022/09/12 (1.89) - removed the bizarre legacy default argument for 'TreePush(const void* ptr = NULL)', always pass a pointer value explicitly. NULL/nullptr is ok but require cast, e.g. TreePush((void*)nullptr);
+ - 2022/09/05 (1.89) - commented out redirecting functions/enums names that were marked obsolete in 1.77 and 1.78 (June 2020):
+                         - DragScalar(), DragScalarN(), DragFloat(), DragFloat2(), DragFloat3(), DragFloat4(): For old signatures ending with (..., const char* format, float power = 1.0f) -> use (..., format ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic) if power != 1.0f.
+                         - SliderScalar(), SliderScalarN(), SliderFloat(), SliderFloat2(), SliderFloat3(), SliderFloat4(): For old signatures ending with (..., const char* format, float power = 1.0f) -> use (..., format ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic) if power != 1.0f.
+                         - BeginPopupContextWindow(const char*, ImGuiMouseButton, bool) -> use BeginPopupContextWindow(const char*, ImGuiPopupFlags)
+ - 2022/09/02 (1.89) - obsoleted using SetCursorPos()/SetCursorScreenPos() to extend parent window/cell boundaries.
+                       this relates to when moving the cursor position beyond current boundaries WITHOUT submitting an item.
+                         - previously this would make the window content size ~200x200:
+                              Begin(...) + SetCursorScreenPos(GetCursorScreenPos() + ImVec2(200,200)) + End();
+                         - instead, please submit an item:
+                              Begin(...) + SetCursorScreenPos(GetCursorScreenPos() + ImVec2(200,200)) + Dummy(ImVec2(0,0)) + End();
+                         - alternative:
+                              Begin(...) + Dummy(ImVec2(200,200)) + End();
+                         - content size is now only extended when submitting an item!
+                         - with '#define IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS' this will now be detected and assert.
+                         - without '#define IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS' this will silently be fixed until we obsolete it.
+ - 2022/08/03 (1.89) - changed signature of ImageButton() function. Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+                        - added 'const char* str_id' parameter + removed 'int frame_padding = -1' parameter.
+                        - old signature: bool ImageButton(ImTextureID tex_id, ImVec2 size, ImVec2 uv0 = ImVec2(0,0), ImVec2 uv1 = ImVec2(1,1), int frame_padding = -1, ImVec4 bg_col = ImVec4(0,0,0,0), ImVec4 tint_col = ImVec4(1,1,1,1));
+                          - used the ImTextureID value to create an ID. This was inconsistent with other functions, led to ID conflicts, and caused problems with engines using transient ImTextureID values.
+                          - had a FramePadding override which was inconsistent with other functions and made the already-long signature even longer.
+                        - new signature: bool ImageButton(const char* str_id, ImTextureID tex_id, ImVec2 size, ImVec2 uv0 = ImVec2(0,0), ImVec2 uv1 = ImVec2(1,1), ImVec4 bg_col = ImVec4(0,0,0,0), ImVec4 tint_col = ImVec4(1,1,1,1));
+                          - requires an explicit identifier. You may still use e.g. PushID() calls and then pass an empty identifier.
+                          - always uses style.FramePadding for padding, to be consistent with other buttons. You may use PushStyleVar() to alter this.
+ - 2022/07/08 (1.89) - inputs: removed io.NavInputs[] and ImGuiNavInput enum (following 1.87 changes).
+                        - Official backends from 1.87+                  -> no issue.
+                        - Official backends from 1.60 to 1.86           -> will build and convert gamepad inputs, unless IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO is defined. Need updating!
+                        - Custom backends not writing to io.NavInputs[] -> no issue.
+                        - Custom backends writing to io.NavInputs[]     -> will build and convert gamepad inputs, unless IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO is defined. Need fixing!
+                        - TL;DR: Backends should call io.AddKeyEvent()/io.AddKeyAnalogEvent() with ImGuiKey_GamepadXXX values instead of filling io.NavInput[].
+ - 2022/06/15 (1.88) - renamed IMGUI_DISABLE_METRICS_WINDOW to IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS for correctness. kept support for old define (will obsolete).
+ - 2022/05/03 (1.88) - backends: osx: removed ImGui_ImplOSX_HandleEvent() from backend API in favor of backend automatically handling event capture. All ImGui_ImplOSX_HandleEvent() calls should be removed as they are now unnecessary.
+ - 2022/04/05 (1.88) - inputs: renamed ImGuiKeyModFlags to ImGuiModFlags. Kept inline redirection enums (will obsolete). This was never used in public API functions but technically present in imgui.h and ImGuiIO.
+ - 2022/01/20 (1.87) - inputs: reworded gamepad IO.
+                        - Backend writing to io.NavInputs[]            -> backend should call io.AddKeyEvent()/io.AddKeyAnalogEvent() with ImGuiKey_GamepadXXX values.
+ - 2022/01/19 (1.87) - sliders, drags: removed support for legacy arithmetic operators (+,+-,*,/) when inputing text. This doesn't break any api/code but a feature that used to be accessible by end-users (which seemingly no one used).
+ - 2022/01/17 (1.87) - inputs: reworked mouse IO.
+                        - Backend writing to io.MousePos               -> backend should call io.AddMousePosEvent()
+                        - Backend writing to io.MouseDown[]            -> backend should call io.AddMouseButtonEvent()
+                        - Backend writing to io.MouseWheel             -> backend should call io.AddMouseWheelEvent()
+                        - Backend writing to io.MouseHoveredViewport   -> backend should call io.AddMouseViewportEvent() [Docking branch w/ multi-viewports only]
+                       note: for all calls to IO new functions, the Dear ImGui context should be bound/current.
+                       read https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/4921 for details.
+ - 2022/01/10 (1.87) - inputs: reworked keyboard IO. Removed io.KeyMap[], io.KeysDown[] in favor of calling io.AddKeyEvent(). Removed GetKeyIndex(), now unecessary. All IsKeyXXX() functions now take ImGuiKey values. All features are still functional until IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO is defined. Read Changelog and Release Notes for details.
+                        - IsKeyPressed(MY_NATIVE_KEY_XXX)              -> use IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_XXX)
+                        - IsKeyPressed(GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey_XXX))      -> use IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_XXX)
+                        - Backend writing to io.KeyMap[],io.KeysDown[] -> backend should call io.AddKeyEvent() (+ call io.SetKeyEventNativeData() if you want legacy user code to stil function with legacy key codes).
+                        - Backend writing to io.KeyCtrl, io.KeyShift.. -> backend should call io.AddKeyEvent() with ImGuiMod_XXX values. *IF YOU PULLED CODE BETWEEN 2021/01/10 and 2021/01/27: We used to have a io.AddKeyModsEvent() function which was now replaced by io.AddKeyEvent() with ImGuiMod_XXX values.*
+                     - one case won't work with backward compatibility: if your custom backend used ImGuiKey as mock native indices (e.g. "io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_A] = ImGuiKey_A") because those values are now larger than the legacy KeyDown[] array. Will assert.
+                     - inputs: added ImGuiKey_ModCtrl/ImGuiKey_ModShift/ImGuiKey_ModAlt/ImGuiKey_ModSuper values to submit keyboard modifiers using io.AddKeyEvent(), instead of writing directly to io.KeyCtrl, io.KeyShift, io.KeyAlt, io.KeySuper.
+ - 2022/01/05 (1.87) - inputs: renamed ImGuiKey_KeyPadEnter to ImGuiKey_KeypadEnter to align with new symbols. Kept redirection enum.
+ - 2022/01/05 (1.87) - removed io.ImeSetInputScreenPosFn() in favor of more flexible io.SetPlatformImeDataFn(). Removed 'void* io.ImeWindowHandle' in favor of writing to 'void* ImGuiViewport::PlatformHandleRaw'.
+ - 2022/01/01 (1.87) - commented out redirecting functions/enums names that were marked obsolete in 1.69, 1.70, 1.71, 1.72 (March-July 2019)
+                        - ImGui::SetNextTreeNodeOpen()        -> use ImGui::SetNextItemOpen()
+                        - ImGui::GetContentRegionAvailWidth() -> use ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x
+                        - ImGui::TreeAdvanceToLabelPos()      -> use ImGui::SetCursorPosX(ImGui::GetCursorPosX() + ImGui::GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing());
+                        - ImFontAtlas::CustomRect             -> use ImFontAtlasCustomRect
+                        - ImGuiColorEditFlags_RGB/HSV/HEX     -> use ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB/HSV/Hex
+ - 2021/12/20 (1.86) - backends: removed obsolete Marmalade backend (imgui_impl_marmalade.cpp) + example. Find last supported version at https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Bindings
+ - 2021/11/04 (1.86) - removed CalcListClipping() function. Prefer using ImGuiListClipper which can return non-contiguous ranges. Please open an issue if you think you really need this function.
+ - 2021/08/23 (1.85) - removed GetWindowContentRegionWidth() function. keep inline redirection helper. can use 'GetWindowContentRegionMax().x - GetWindowContentRegionMin().x' instead for generally 'GetContentRegionAvail().x' is more useful.
+ - 2021/07/26 (1.84) - commented out redirecting functions/enums names that were marked obsolete in 1.67 and 1.69 (March 2019):
+                        - ImGui::GetOverlayDrawList() -> use ImGui::GetForegroundDrawList()
+                        - ImFont::GlyphRangesBuilder  -> use ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder
+ - 2021/05/19 (1.83) - backends: obsoleted direct access to ImDrawCmd::TextureId in favor of calling ImDrawCmd::GetTexID().
+                        - if you are using official backends from the source tree: you have nothing to do.
+                        - if you have copied old backend code or using your own: change access to draw_cmd->TextureId to draw_cmd->GetTexID().
+ - 2021/03/12 (1.82) - upgraded ImDrawList::AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), PathRect() to use ImDrawFlags instead of ImDrawCornersFlags.
+                        - ImDrawCornerFlags_TopLeft  -> use ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft
+                        - ImDrawCornerFlags_BotRight -> use ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight
+                        - ImDrawCornerFlags_None     -> use ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone etc.
+                       flags now sanely defaults to 0 instead of 0x0F, consistent with all other flags in the API.
+                       breaking: the default with rounding > 0.0f is now "round all corners" vs old implicit "round no corners":
+                        - rounding == 0.0f + flags == 0 --> meant no rounding  --> unchanged (common use)
+                        - rounding  > 0.0f + flags != 0 --> meant rounding     --> unchanged (common use)
+                        - rounding == 0.0f + flags != 0 --> meant no rounding  --> unchanged (unlikely use)
+                        - rounding  > 0.0f + flags == 0 --> meant no rounding  --> BREAKING (unlikely use): will now round all corners --> use ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone or rounding == 0.0f.
+                       this ONLY matters for hard coded use of 0 + rounding > 0.0f. Use of named ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone (new) or ImDrawCornerFlags_None (old) are ok.
+                       the old ImDrawCornersFlags used awkward default values of ~0 or 0xF (4 lower bits set) to signify "round all corners" and we sometimes encouraged using them as shortcuts.
+                       legacy path still support use of hard coded ~0 or any value from 0x1 or 0xF. They will behave the same with legacy paths enabled (will assert otherwise).
+ - 2021/03/11 (1.82) - removed redirecting functions/enums names that were marked obsolete in 1.66 (September 2018):
+                        - ImGui::SetScrollHere()              -> use ImGui::SetScrollHereY()
+ - 2021/03/11 (1.82) - clarified that ImDrawList::PathArcTo(), ImDrawList::PathArcToFast() won't render with radius < 0.0f. Previously it sorts of accidentally worked but would generally lead to counter-clockwise paths and have an effect on anti-aliasing.
+ - 2021/03/10 (1.82) - upgraded ImDrawList::AddPolyline() and PathStroke() "bool closed" parameter to "ImDrawFlags flags". The matching ImDrawFlags_Closed value is guaranteed to always stay == 1 in the future.
+ - 2021/02/22 (1.82) - (*undone in 1.84*) win32+mingw: Re-enabled IME functions by default even under MinGW. In July 2016, issue #738 had me incorrectly disable those default functions for MinGW. MinGW users should: either link with -limm32, either set their imconfig file  with '#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS'.
+ - 2021/02/17 (1.82) - renamed rarely used style.CircleSegmentMaxError (old default = 1.60f) to style.CircleTessellationMaxError (new default = 0.30f) as the meaning of the value changed.
+ - 2021/02/03 (1.81) - renamed ListBoxHeader(const char* label, ImVec2 size) to BeginListBox(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+                     - removed ListBoxHeader(const char* label, int items_count, int height_in_items = -1) in favor of specifying size. Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+                     - renamed ListBoxFooter() to EndListBox(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2021/01/26 (1.81) - removed ImGuiFreeType::BuildFontAtlas(). Kept inline redirection function. Prefer using '#define IMGUI_ENABLE_FREETYPE', but there's a runtime selection path available too. The shared extra flags parameters (very rarely used) are now stored in ImFontAtlas::FontBuilderFlags.
+                     - renamed ImFontConfig::RasterizerFlags (used by FreeType) to ImFontConfig::FontBuilderFlags.
+                     - renamed ImGuiFreeType::XXX flags to ImGuiFreeTypeBuilderFlags_XXX for consistency with other API.
+ - 2020/10/12 (1.80) - removed redirecting functions/enums that were marked obsolete in 1.63 (August 2018):
+                        - ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterChange() -> use ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit().
+                        - ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDarkening       -> use ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg
+                        - ImGuiInputTextCallback              -> use ImGuiTextEditCallback
+                        - ImGuiInputTextCallbackData          -> use ImGuiTextEditCallbackData
+ - 2020/12/21 (1.80) - renamed ImDrawList::AddBezierCurve() to AddBezierCubic(), and PathBezierCurveTo() to PathBezierCubicCurveTo(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2020/12/04 (1.80) - added imgui_tables.cpp file! Manually constructed project files will need the new file added!
+ - 2020/11/18 (1.80) - renamed undocumented/internals ImGuiColumnsFlags_* to ImGuiOldColumnFlags_* in prevision of incoming Tables API.
+ - 2020/11/03 (1.80) - renamed io.ConfigWindowsMemoryCompactTimer to io.ConfigMemoryCompactTimer as the feature will apply to other data structures
+ - 2020/10/14 (1.80) - backends: moved all backends files (imgui_impl_XXXX.cpp, imgui_impl_XXXX.h) from examples/ to backends/.
+ - 2020/10/12 (1.80) - removed redirecting functions/enums that were marked obsolete in 1.60 (April 2018):
+                        - io.RenderDrawListsFn pointer        -> use ImGui::GetDrawData() value and call the render function of your backend
+                        - ImGui::IsAnyWindowFocused()         -> use ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow)
+                        - ImGui::IsAnyWindowHovered()         -> use ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow)
+                        - ImGuiStyleVar_Count_                -> use ImGuiStyleVar_COUNT
+                        - ImGuiMouseCursor_Count_             -> use ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT
+                      - removed redirecting functions names that were marked obsolete in 1.61 (May 2018):
+                        - InputFloat (... int decimal_precision ...) -> use InputFloat (... const char* format ...) with format = "%.Xf" where X is your value for decimal_precision.
+                        - same for InputFloat2()/InputFloat3()/InputFloat4() variants taking a `int decimal_precision` parameter.
+ - 2020/10/05 (1.79) - removed ImGuiListClipper: Renamed constructor parameters which created an ambiguous alternative to using the ImGuiListClipper::Begin() function, with misleading edge cases (note: imgui_memory_editor <0.40 from imgui_club/ used this old clipper API. Update your copy if needed).
+ - 2020/09/25 (1.79) - renamed ImGuiSliderFlags_ClampOnInput to ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp. Kept redirection enum (will obsolete sooner because previous name was added recently).
+ - 2020/09/25 (1.79) - renamed style.TabMinWidthForUnselectedCloseButton to style.TabMinWidthForCloseButton.
+ - 2020/09/21 (1.79) - renamed OpenPopupContextItem() back to OpenPopupOnItemClick(), reverting the change from 1.77. For varieties of reason this is more self-explanatory.
+ - 2020/09/21 (1.79) - removed return value from OpenPopupOnItemClick() - returned true on mouse release on an item - because it is inconsistent with other popup APIs and makes others misleading. It's also and unnecessary: you can use IsWindowAppearing() after BeginPopup() for a similar result.
+ - 2020/09/17 (1.79) - removed ImFont::DisplayOffset in favor of ImFontConfig::GlyphOffset. DisplayOffset was applied after scaling and not very meaningful/useful outside of being needed by the default ProggyClean font. If you scaled this value after calling AddFontDefault(), this is now done automatically. It was also getting in the way of better font scaling, so let's get rid of it now!
+ - 2020/08/17 (1.78) - obsoleted use of the trailing 'float power=1.0f' parameter for DragFloat(), DragFloat2(), DragFloat3(), DragFloat4(), DragFloatRange2(), DragScalar(), DragScalarN(), SliderFloat(), SliderFloat2(), SliderFloat3(), SliderFloat4(), SliderScalar(), SliderScalarN(), VSliderFloat() and VSliderScalar().
+                       replaced the 'float power=1.0f' argument with integer-based flags defaulting to 0 (as with all our flags).
+                       worked out a backward-compatibility scheme so hopefully most C++ codebase should not be affected. in short, when calling those functions:
+                       - if you omitted the 'power' parameter (likely!), you are not affected.
+                       - if you set the 'power' parameter to 1.0f (same as previous default value): 1/ your compiler may warn on float>int conversion, 2/ everything else will work. 3/ you can replace the 1.0f value with 0 to fix the warning, and be technically correct.
+                       - if you set the 'power' parameter to >1.0f (to enable non-linear editing): 1/ your compiler may warn on float>int conversion, 2/ code will assert at runtime, 3/ in case asserts are disabled, the code will not crash and enable the _Logarithmic flag. 4/ you can replace the >1.0f value with ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic to fix the warning/assert and get a _similar_ effect as previous uses of power >1.0f.
+                       see https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/3361 for all details.
+                       kept inline redirection functions (will obsolete) apart for: DragFloatRange2(), VSliderFloat(), VSliderScalar(). For those three the 'float power=1.0f' version was removed directly as they were most unlikely ever used.
+                       for shared code, you can version check at compile-time with `#if IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 17704`.
+                     - obsoleted use of v_min > v_max in DragInt, DragFloat, DragScalar to lock edits (introduced in 1.73, was not demoed nor documented very), will be replaced by a more generic ReadOnly feature. You may use the ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly internal flag in the meantime.
+ - 2020/06/23 (1.77) - removed BeginPopupContextWindow(const char*, int mouse_button, bool also_over_items) in favor of BeginPopupContextWindow(const char*, ImGuiPopupFlags flags) with ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOverItems.
+ - 2020/06/15 (1.77) - renamed OpenPopupOnItemClick() to OpenPopupContextItem(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete). [NOTE: THIS WAS REVERTED IN 1.79]
+ - 2020/06/15 (1.77) - removed CalcItemRectClosestPoint() entry point which was made obsolete and asserting in December 2017.
+ - 2020/04/23 (1.77) - removed unnecessary ID (first arg) of ImFontAtlas::AddCustomRectRegular().
+ - 2020/01/22 (1.75) - ImDrawList::AddCircle()/AddCircleFilled() functions don't accept negative radius any more.
+ - 2019/12/17 (1.75) - [undid this change in 1.76] made Columns() limited to 64 columns by asserting above that limit. While the current code technically supports it, future code may not so we're putting the restriction ahead.
+ - 2019/12/13 (1.75) - [imgui_internal.h] changed ImRect() default constructor initializes all fields to 0.0f instead of (FLT_MAX,FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX). If you used ImRect::Add() to create bounding boxes by adding multiple points into it, you may need to fix your initial value.
+ - 2019/12/08 (1.75) - removed redirecting functions/enums that were marked obsolete in 1.53 (December 2017):
+                       - ShowTestWindow()                    -> use ShowDemoWindow()
+                       - IsRootWindowFocused()               -> use IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow)
+                       - IsRootWindowOrAnyChildFocused()     -> use IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootAndChildWindows)
+                       - SetNextWindowContentWidth(w)        -> use SetNextWindowContentSize(ImVec2(w, 0.0f)
+                       - GetItemsLineHeightWithSpacing()     -> use GetFrameHeightWithSpacing()
+                       - ImGuiCol_ChildWindowBg              -> use ImGuiCol_ChildBg
+                       - ImGuiStyleVar_ChildWindowRounding   -> use ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding
+                       - ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowOverlapMode -> use ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap
+                       - IMGUI_DISABLE_TEST_WINDOWS          -> use IMGUI_DISABLE_DEMO_WINDOWS
+ - 2019/12/08 (1.75) - obsoleted calling ImDrawList::PrimReserve() with a negative count (which was vaguely documented and rarely if ever used). Instead, we added an explicit PrimUnreserve() API.
+ - 2019/12/06 (1.75) - removed implicit default parameter to IsMouseDragging(int button = 0) to be consistent with other mouse functions (none of the other functions have it).
+ - 2019/11/21 (1.74) - ImFontAtlas::AddCustomRectRegular() now requires an ID larger than 0x110000 (instead of 0x10000) to conform with supporting Unicode planes 1-16 in a future update. ID below 0x110000 will now assert.
+ - 2019/11/19 (1.74) - renamed IMGUI_DISABLE_FORMAT_STRING_FUNCTIONS to IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS for consistency.
+ - 2019/11/19 (1.74) - renamed IMGUI_DISABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS to IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_MATH_FUNCTIONS for consistency.
+ - 2019/10/22 (1.74) - removed redirecting functions/enums that were marked obsolete in 1.52 (October 2017):
+                       - Begin() [old 5 args version]        -> use Begin() [3 args], use SetNextWindowSize() SetNextWindowBgAlpha() if needed
+                       - IsRootWindowOrAnyChildHovered()     -> use IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootAndChildWindows)
+                       - AlignFirstTextHeightToWidgets()     -> use AlignTextToFramePadding()
+                       - SetNextWindowPosCenter()            -> use SetNextWindowPos() with a pivot of (0.5f, 0.5f)
+                       - ImFont::Glyph                       -> use ImFontGlyph
+ - 2019/10/14 (1.74) - inputs: Fixed a miscalculation in the keyboard/mouse "typematic" repeat delay/rate calculation, used by keys and e.g. repeating mouse buttons as well as the GetKeyPressedAmount() function.
+                       if you were using a non-default value for io.KeyRepeatRate (previous default was 0.250), you can add +io.KeyRepeatDelay to it to compensate for the fix.
+                       The function was triggering on: 0.0 and (delay+rate*N) where (N>=1). Fixed formula responds to (N>=0). Effectively it made io.KeyRepeatRate behave like it was set to (io.KeyRepeatRate + io.KeyRepeatDelay).
+                       If you never altered io.KeyRepeatRate nor used GetKeyPressedAmount() this won't affect you.
+ - 2019/07/15 (1.72) - removed TreeAdvanceToLabelPos() which is rarely used and only does SetCursorPosX(GetCursorPosX() + GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing()). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2019/07/12 (1.72) - renamed ImFontAtlas::CustomRect to ImFontAtlasCustomRect. Kept redirection typedef (will obsolete).
+ - 2019/06/14 (1.72) - removed redirecting functions/enums names that were marked obsolete in 1.51 (June 2017): ImGuiCol_Column*, ImGuiSetCond_*, IsItemHoveredRect(), IsPosHoveringAnyWindow(), IsMouseHoveringAnyWindow(), IsMouseHoveringWindow(), IMGUI_ONCE_UPON_A_FRAME. Grep this log for details and new names, or see how they were implemented until 1.71.
+ - 2019/06/07 (1.71) - rendering of child window outer decorations (bg color, border, scrollbars) is now performed as part of the parent window. If you have
+                       overlapping child windows in a same parent, and relied on their relative z-order to be mapped to their submission order, this will affect your rendering.
+                       This optimization is disabled if the parent window has no visual output, because it appears to be the most common situation leading to the creation of overlapping child windows.
+                       Please reach out if you are affected.
+ - 2019/05/13 (1.71) - renamed SetNextTreeNodeOpen() to SetNextItemOpen(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2019/05/11 (1.71) - changed io.AddInputCharacter(unsigned short c) signature to io.AddInputCharacter(unsigned int c).
+ - 2019/04/29 (1.70) - improved ImDrawList thick strokes (>1.0f) preserving correct thickness up to 90 degrees angles (e.g. rectangles). If you have custom rendering using thick lines, they will appear thicker now.
+ - 2019/04/29 (1.70) - removed GetContentRegionAvailWidth(), use GetContentRegionAvail().x instead. Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2019/03/04 (1.69) - renamed GetOverlayDrawList() to GetForegroundDrawList(). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2019/02/26 (1.69) - renamed ImGuiColorEditFlags_RGB/ImGuiColorEditFlags_HSV/ImGuiColorEditFlags_HEX to ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB/ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV/ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex. Kept redirection enums (will obsolete).
+ - 2019/02/14 (1.68) - made it illegal/assert when io.DisplayTime == 0.0f (with an exception for the first frame). If for some reason your time step calculation gives you a zero value, replace it with an arbitrarily small value!
+ - 2019/02/01 (1.68) - removed io.DisplayVisibleMin/DisplayVisibleMax (which were marked obsolete and removed from viewport/docking branch already).
+ - 2019/01/06 (1.67) - renamed io.InputCharacters[], marked internal as was always intended. Please don't access directly, and use AddInputCharacter() instead!
+ - 2019/01/06 (1.67) - renamed ImFontAtlas::GlyphRangesBuilder to ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder. Kept redirection typedef (will obsolete).
+ - 2018/12/20 (1.67) - made it illegal to call Begin("") with an empty string. This somehow half-worked before but had various undesirable side-effects.
+ - 2018/12/10 (1.67) - renamed io.ConfigResizeWindowsFromEdges to io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges as we are doing a large pass on configuration flags.
+ - 2018/10/12 (1.66) - renamed misc/stl/imgui_stl.* to misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.* in prevision for other C++ helper files.
+ - 2018/09/28 (1.66) - renamed SetScrollHere() to SetScrollHereY(). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2018/09/06 (1.65) - renamed stb_truetype.h to imstb_truetype.h, stb_textedit.h to imstb_textedit.h, and stb_rect_pack.h to imstb_rectpack.h.
+                       If you were conveniently using the imgui copy of those STB headers in your project you will have to update your include paths.
+ - 2018/09/05 (1.65) - renamed io.OptCursorBlink/io.ConfigCursorBlink to io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink. (#1427)
+ - 2018/08/31 (1.64) - added imgui_widgets.cpp file, extracted and moved widgets code out of imgui.cpp into imgui_widgets.cpp. Re-ordered some of the code remaining in imgui.cpp.
+                       NONE OF THE FUNCTIONS HAVE CHANGED. THE CODE IS SEMANTICALLY 100% IDENTICAL, BUT _EVERY_ FUNCTION HAS BEEN MOVED.
+                       Because of this, any local modifications to imgui.cpp will likely conflict when you update. Read docs/CHANGELOG.txt for suggestions.
+ - 2018/08/22 (1.63) - renamed IsItemDeactivatedAfterChange() to IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit() for consistency with new IsItemEdited() API. Kept redirection function (will obsolete soonish as IsItemDeactivatedAfterChange() is very recent).
+ - 2018/08/21 (1.63) - renamed ImGuiTextEditCallback to ImGuiInputTextCallback, ImGuiTextEditCallbackData to ImGuiInputTextCallbackData for consistency. Kept redirection types (will obsolete).
+ - 2018/08/21 (1.63) - removed ImGuiInputTextCallbackData::ReadOnly since it is a duplication of (ImGuiInputTextCallbackData::Flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly).
+ - 2018/08/01 (1.63) - removed per-window ImGuiWindowFlags_ResizeFromAnySide beta flag in favor of a global io.ConfigResizeWindowsFromEdges [update 1.67 renamed to ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges] to enable the feature.
+ - 2018/08/01 (1.63) - renamed io.OptCursorBlink to io.ConfigCursorBlink [-> io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink in 1.65], io.OptMacOSXBehaviors to ConfigMacOSXBehaviors for consistency.
+ - 2018/07/22 (1.63) - changed ImGui::GetTime() return value from float to double to avoid accumulating floating point imprecisions over time.
+ - 2018/07/08 (1.63) - style: renamed ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDarkening to ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg for consistency with other features. Kept redirection enum (will obsolete).
+ - 2018/06/08 (1.62) - examples: the imgui_impl_XXX files have been split to separate platform (Win32, GLFW, SDL2, etc.) from renderer (DX11, OpenGL, Vulkan,  etc.).
+                       old backends will still work as is, however prefer using the separated backends as they will be updated to support multi-viewports.
+                       when adopting new backends follow the main.cpp code of your preferred examples/ folder to know which functions to call.
+                       in particular, note that old backends called ImGui::NewFrame() at the end of their ImGui_ImplXXXX_NewFrame() function.
+ - 2018/06/06 (1.62) - renamed GetGlyphRangesChinese() to GetGlyphRangesChineseFull() to distinguish other variants and discourage using the full set.
+ - 2018/06/06 (1.62) - TreeNodeEx()/TreeNodeBehavior(): the ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_CollapsingHeader helper now include the ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen flag. See Changelog for details.
+ - 2018/05/03 (1.61) - DragInt(): the default compile-time format string has been changed from "%.0f" to "%d", as we are not using integers internally any more.
+                       If you used DragInt() with custom format strings, make sure you change them to use %d or an integer-compatible format.
+                       To honor backward-compatibility, the DragInt() code will currently parse and modify format strings to replace %*f with %d, giving time to users to upgrade their code.
+                       If you have IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS enabled, the code will instead assert! You may run a reg-exp search on your codebase for e.g. "DragInt.*%f" to help you find them.
+ - 2018/04/28 (1.61) - obsoleted InputFloat() functions taking an optional "int decimal_precision" in favor of an equivalent and more flexible "const char* format",
+                       consistent with other functions. Kept redirection functions (will obsolete).
+ - 2018/04/09 (1.61) - IM_DELETE() helper function added in 1.60 doesn't clear the input _pointer_ reference, more consistent with expectation and allows passing r-value.
+ - 2018/03/20 (1.60) - renamed io.WantMoveMouse to io.WantSetMousePos for consistency and ease of understanding (was added in 1.52, _not_ used by core and only honored by some backend ahead of merging the Nav branch).
+ - 2018/03/12 (1.60) - removed ImGuiCol_CloseButton, ImGuiCol_CloseButtonActive, ImGuiCol_CloseButtonHovered as the closing cross uses regular button colors now.
+ - 2018/03/08 (1.60) - changed ImFont::DisplayOffset.y to default to 0 instead of +1. Fixed rounding of Ascent/Descent to match TrueType renderer. If you were adding or subtracting to ImFont::DisplayOffset check if your fonts are correctly aligned vertically.
+ - 2018/03/03 (1.60) - renamed ImGuiStyleVar_Count_ to ImGuiStyleVar_COUNT and ImGuiMouseCursor_Count_ to ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT for consistency with other public enums.
+ - 2018/02/18 (1.60) - BeginDragDropSource(): temporarily removed the optional mouse_button=0 parameter because it is not really usable in many situations at the moment.
+ - 2018/02/16 (1.60) - obsoleted the io.RenderDrawListsFn callback, you can call your graphics engine render function after ImGui::Render(). Use ImGui::GetDrawData() to retrieve the ImDrawData* to display.
+ - 2018/02/07 (1.60) - reorganized context handling to be more explicit,
+                       - YOU NOW NEED TO CALL ImGui::CreateContext() AT THE BEGINNING OF YOUR APP, AND CALL ImGui::DestroyContext() AT THE END.
+                       - removed Shutdown() function, as DestroyContext() serve this purpose.
+                       - you may pass a ImFontAtlas* pointer to CreateContext() to share a font atlas between contexts. Otherwise CreateContext() will create its own font atlas instance.
+                       - removed allocator parameters from CreateContext(), they are now setup with SetAllocatorFunctions(), and shared by all contexts.
+                       - removed the default global context and font atlas instance, which were confusing for users of DLL reloading and users of multiple contexts.
+ - 2018/01/31 (1.60) - moved sample TTF files from extra_fonts/ to misc/fonts/. If you loaded files directly from the imgui repo you may need to update your paths.
+ - 2018/01/11 (1.60) - obsoleted IsAnyWindowHovered() in favor of IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2018/01/11 (1.60) - obsoleted IsAnyWindowFocused() in favor of IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2018/01/03 (1.60) - renamed ImGuiSizeConstraintCallback to ImGuiSizeCallback, ImGuiSizeConstraintCallbackData to ImGuiSizeCallbackData.
+ - 2017/12/29 (1.60) - removed CalcItemRectClosestPoint() which was weird and not really used by anyone except demo code. If you need it it's easy to replicate on your side.
+ - 2017/12/24 (1.53) - renamed the emblematic ShowTestWindow() function to ShowDemoWindow(). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/12/21 (1.53) - ImDrawList: renamed style.AntiAliasedShapes to style.AntiAliasedFill for consistency and as a way to explicitly break code that manipulate those flag at runtime. You can now manipulate ImDrawList::Flags
+ - 2017/12/21 (1.53) - ImDrawList: removed 'bool anti_aliased = true' final parameter of ImDrawList::AddPolyline() and ImDrawList::AddConvexPolyFilled(). Prefer manipulating ImDrawList::Flags if you need to toggle them during the frame.
+ - 2017/12/14 (1.53) - using the ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse flag on a child window forwards the mouse wheel event to the parent window, unless either ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs or ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar are also set.
+ - 2017/12/13 (1.53) - renamed GetItemsLineHeightWithSpacing() to GetFrameHeightWithSpacing(). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/12/13 (1.53) - obsoleted IsRootWindowFocused() in favor of using IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+                     - obsoleted IsRootWindowOrAnyChildFocused() in favor of using IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootAndChildWindows). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/12/12 (1.53) - renamed ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowOverlapMode to ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap. Kept redirection enum (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/12/10 (1.53) - removed SetNextWindowContentWidth(), prefer using SetNextWindowContentSize(). Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/11/27 (1.53) - renamed ImGuiTextBuffer::append() helper to appendf(), appendv() to appendfv(). If you copied the 'Log' demo in your code, it uses appendv() so that needs to be renamed.
+ - 2017/11/18 (1.53) - Style, Begin: removed ImGuiWindowFlags_ShowBorders window flag. Borders are now fully set up in the ImGuiStyle structure (see e.g. style.FrameBorderSize, style.WindowBorderSize). Use ImGui::ShowStyleEditor() to look them up.
+                       Please note that the style system will keep evolving (hopefully stabilizing in Q1 2018), and so custom styles will probably subtly break over time. It is recommended you use the StyleColorsClassic(), StyleColorsDark(), StyleColorsLight() functions.
+ - 2017/11/18 (1.53) - Style: removed ImGuiCol_ComboBg in favor of combo boxes using ImGuiCol_PopupBg for consistency.
+ - 2017/11/18 (1.53) - Style: renamed ImGuiCol_ChildWindowBg to ImGuiCol_ChildBg.
+ - 2017/11/18 (1.53) - Style: renamed style.ChildWindowRounding to style.ChildRounding, ImGuiStyleVar_ChildWindowRounding to ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding.
+ - 2017/11/02 (1.53) - obsoleted IsRootWindowOrAnyChildHovered() in favor of using IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootAndChildWindows);
+ - 2017/10/24 (1.52) - renamed IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCS/IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCS to IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS/IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS for consistency.
+ - 2017/10/20 (1.52) - changed IsWindowHovered() default parameters behavior to return false if an item is active in another window (e.g. click-dragging item from another window to this window). You can use the newly introduced IsWindowHovered() flags to requests this specific behavior if you need it.
+ - 2017/10/20 (1.52) - marked IsItemHoveredRect()/IsMouseHoveringWindow() as obsolete, in favor of using the newly introduced flags for IsItemHovered() and IsWindowHovered(). See https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/1382 for details.
+                       removed the IsItemRectHovered()/IsWindowRectHovered() names introduced in 1.51 since they were merely more consistent names for the two functions we are now obsoleting.
+                         IsItemHoveredRect()        --> IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RectOnly)
+                         IsMouseHoveringAnyWindow() --> IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow)
+                         IsMouseHoveringWindow()    --> IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup | ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem) [weird, old behavior]
+ - 2017/10/17 (1.52) - marked the old 5-parameters version of Begin() as obsolete (still available). Use SetNextWindowSize()+Begin() instead!
+ - 2017/10/11 (1.52) - renamed AlignFirstTextHeightToWidgets() to AlignTextToFramePadding(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/09/26 (1.52) - renamed ImFont::Glyph to ImFontGlyph. Kept redirection typedef (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/09/25 (1.52) - removed SetNextWindowPosCenter() because SetNextWindowPos() now has the optional pivot information to do the same and more. Kept redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/08/25 (1.52) - io.MousePos needs to be set to ImVec2(-FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX) when mouse is unavailable/missing. Previously ImVec2(-1,-1) was enough but we now accept negative mouse coordinates. In your backend if you need to support unavailable mouse, make sure to replace "io.MousePos = ImVec2(-1,-1)" with "io.MousePos = ImVec2(-FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX)".
+ - 2017/08/22 (1.51) - renamed IsItemHoveredRect() to IsItemRectHovered(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete). -> (1.52) use IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RectOnly)!
+                     - renamed IsMouseHoveringAnyWindow() to IsAnyWindowHovered() for consistency. Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+                     - renamed IsMouseHoveringWindow() to IsWindowRectHovered() for consistency. Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/08/20 (1.51) - renamed GetStyleColName() to GetStyleColorName() for consistency.
+ - 2017/08/20 (1.51) - added PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol idx, ImU32 col) overload, which _might_ cause an "ambiguous call" compilation error if you are using ImColor() with implicit cast. Cast to ImU32 or ImVec4 explicily to fix.
+ - 2017/08/15 (1.51) - marked the weird IMGUI_ONCE_UPON_A_FRAME helper macro as obsolete. prefer using the more explicit ImGuiOnceUponAFrame type.
+ - 2017/08/15 (1.51) - changed parameter order for BeginPopupContextWindow() from (const char*,int buttons,bool also_over_items) to (const char*,int buttons,bool also_over_items). Note that most calls relied on default parameters completely.
+ - 2017/08/13 (1.51) - renamed ImGuiCol_Column to ImGuiCol_Separator, ImGuiCol_ColumnHovered to ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered, ImGuiCol_ColumnActive to ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive. Kept redirection enums (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/08/11 (1.51) - renamed ImGuiSetCond_Always to ImGuiCond_Always, ImGuiSetCond_Once to ImGuiCond_Once, ImGuiSetCond_FirstUseEver to ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver, ImGuiSetCond_Appearing to ImGuiCond_Appearing. Kept redirection enums (will obsolete).
+ - 2017/08/09 (1.51) - removed ValueColor() helpers, they are equivalent to calling Text(label) + SameLine() + ColorButton().
+ - 2017/08/08 (1.51) - removed ColorEditMode() and ImGuiColorEditMode in favor of ImGuiColorEditFlags and parameters to the various Color*() functions. The SetColorEditOptions() allows to initialize default but the user can still change them with right-click context menu.
+                     - changed prototype of 'ColorEdit4(const char* label, float col[4], bool show_alpha = true)' to 'ColorEdit4(const char* label, float col[4], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = 0)', where passing flags = 0x01 is a safe no-op (hello dodgy backward compatibility!). - check and run the demo window, under "Color/Picker Widgets", to understand the various new options.
+                     - changed prototype of rarely used 'ColorButton(ImVec4 col, bool small_height = false, bool outline_border = true)' to 'ColorButton(const char* desc_id, ImVec4 col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = 0, ImVec2 size = ImVec2(0, 0))'
+ - 2017/07/20 (1.51) - removed IsPosHoveringAnyWindow(ImVec2), which was partly broken and misleading. ASSERT + redirect user to io.WantCaptureMouse
+ - 2017/05/26 (1.50) - removed ImFontConfig::MergeGlyphCenterV in favor of a more multipurpose ImFontConfig::GlyphOffset.
+ - 2017/05/01 (1.50) - renamed ImDrawList::PathFill() (rarely used directly) to ImDrawList::PathFillConvex() for clarity.
+ - 2016/11/06 (1.50) - BeginChild(const char*) now applies the stack id to the provided label, consistently with other functions as it should always have been. It shouldn't affect you unless (extremely unlikely) you were appending multiple times to a same child from different locations of the stack id. If that's the case, generate an id with GetID() and use it instead of passing string to BeginChild().
+ - 2016/10/15 (1.50) - avoid 'void* user_data' parameter to io.SetClipboardTextFn/io.GetClipboardTextFn pointers. We pass io.ClipboardUserData to it.
+ - 2016/09/25 (1.50) - style.WindowTitleAlign is now a ImVec2 (ImGuiAlign enum was removed). set to (0.5f,0.5f) for horizontal+vertical centering, (0.0f,0.0f) for upper-left, etc.
+ - 2016/07/30 (1.50) - SameLine(x) with x>0.0f is now relative to left of column/group if any, and not always to left of window. This was sort of always the intent and hopefully, breakage should be minimal.
+ - 2016/05/12 (1.49) - title bar (using ImGuiCol_TitleBg/ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive colors) isn't rendered over a window background (ImGuiCol_WindowBg color) anymore.
+                       If your TitleBg/TitleBgActive alpha was 1.0f or you are using the default theme it will not affect you, otherwise if <1.0f you need to tweak your custom theme to readjust for the fact that we don't draw a WindowBg background behind the title bar.
+                       This helper function will convert an old TitleBg/TitleBgActive color into a new one with the same visual output, given the OLD color and the OLD WindowBg color:
+                       ImVec4 ConvertTitleBgCol(const ImVec4& win_bg_col, const ImVec4& title_bg_col) { float new_a = 1.0f - ((1.0f - win_bg_col.w) * (1.0f - title_bg_col.w)), k = title_bg_col.w / new_a; return ImVec4((win_bg_col.x * win_bg_col.w + title_bg_col.x) * k, (win_bg_col.y * win_bg_col.w + title_bg_col.y) * k, (win_bg_col.z * win_bg_col.w + title_bg_col.z) * k, new_a); }
+                       If this is confusing, pick the RGB value from title bar from an old screenshot and apply this as TitleBg/TitleBgActive. Or you may just create TitleBgActive from a tweaked TitleBg color.
+ - 2016/05/07 (1.49) - removed confusing set of GetInternalState(), GetInternalStateSize(), SetInternalState() functions. Now using CreateContext(), DestroyContext(), GetCurrentContext(), SetCurrentContext().
+ - 2016/05/02 (1.49) - renamed SetNextTreeNodeOpened() to SetNextTreeNodeOpen(), no redirection.
+ - 2016/05/01 (1.49) - obsoleted old signature of CollapsingHeader(const char* label, const char* str_id = NULL, bool display_frame = true, bool default_open = false) as extra parameters were badly designed and rarely used. You can replace the "default_open = true" flag in new API with CollapsingHeader(label, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen).
+ - 2016/04/26 (1.49) - changed ImDrawList::PushClipRect(ImVec4 rect) to ImDrawList::PushClipRect(Imvec2 min,ImVec2 max,bool intersect_with_current_clip_rect=false). Note that higher-level ImGui::PushClipRect() is preferable because it will clip at logic/widget level, whereas ImDrawList::PushClipRect() only affect your renderer.
+ - 2016/04/03 (1.48) - removed style.WindowFillAlphaDefault setting which was redundant. Bake default BG alpha inside style.Colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg] and all other Bg color values. (ref GitHub issue #337).
+ - 2016/04/03 (1.48) - renamed ImGuiCol_TooltipBg to ImGuiCol_PopupBg, used by popups/menus and tooltips. popups/menus were previously using ImGuiCol_WindowBg. (ref github issue #337)
+ - 2016/03/21 (1.48) - renamed GetWindowFont() to GetFont(), GetWindowFontSize() to GetFontSize(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2016/03/02 (1.48) - InputText() completion/history/always callbacks: if you modify the text buffer manually (without using DeleteChars()/InsertChars() helper) you need to maintain the BufTextLen field. added an assert.
+ - 2016/01/23 (1.48) - fixed not honoring exact width passed to PushItemWidth(), previously it would add extra FramePadding.x*2 over that width. if you had manual pixel-perfect alignment in place it might affect you.
+ - 2015/12/27 (1.48) - fixed ImDrawList::AddRect() which used to render a rectangle 1 px too large on each axis.
+ - 2015/12/04 (1.47) - renamed Color() helpers to ValueColor() - dangerously named, rarely used and probably to be made obsolete.
+ - 2015/08/29 (1.45) - with the addition of horizontal scrollbar we made various fixes to inconsistencies with dealing with cursor position.
+                       GetCursorPos()/SetCursorPos() functions now include the scrolled amount. It shouldn't affect the majority of users, but take note that SetCursorPosX(100.0f) puts you at +100 from the starting x position which may include scrolling, not at +100 from the window left side.
+                       GetContentRegionMax()/GetWindowContentRegionMin()/GetWindowContentRegionMax() functions allow include the scrolled amount. Typically those were used in cases where no scrolling would happen so it may not be a problem, but watch out!
+ - 2015/08/29 (1.45) - renamed style.ScrollbarWidth to style.ScrollbarSize
+ - 2015/08/05 (1.44) - split imgui.cpp into extra files: imgui_demo.cpp imgui_draw.cpp imgui_internal.h that you need to add to your project.
+ - 2015/07/18 (1.44) - fixed angles in ImDrawList::PathArcTo(), PathArcToFast() (introduced in 1.43) being off by an extra PI for no justifiable reason
+ - 2015/07/14 (1.43) - add new ImFontAtlas::AddFont() API. For the old AddFont***, moved the 'font_no' parameter of ImFontAtlas::AddFont** functions to the ImFontConfig structure.
+                       you need to render your textured triangles with bilinear filtering to benefit from sub-pixel positioning of text.
+ - 2015/07/08 (1.43) - switched rendering data to use indexed rendering. this is saving a fair amount of CPU/GPU and enables us to get anti-aliasing for a marginal cost.
+                       this necessary change will break your rendering function! the fix should be very easy. sorry for that :(
+                     - if you are using a vanilla copy of one of the imgui_impl_XXX.cpp provided in the example, you just need to update your copy and you can ignore the rest.
+                     - the signature of the io.RenderDrawListsFn handler has changed!
+                       old: ImGui_XXXX_RenderDrawLists(ImDrawList** const cmd_lists, int cmd_lists_count)
+                       new: ImGui_XXXX_RenderDrawLists(ImDrawData* draw_data).
+                         parameters: 'cmd_lists' becomes 'draw_data->CmdLists', 'cmd_lists_count' becomes 'draw_data->CmdListsCount'
+                         ImDrawList: 'commands' becomes 'CmdBuffer', 'vtx_buffer' becomes 'VtxBuffer', 'IdxBuffer' is new.
+                         ImDrawCmd:  'vtx_count' becomes 'ElemCount', 'clip_rect' becomes 'ClipRect', 'user_callback' becomes 'UserCallback', 'texture_id' becomes 'TextureId'.
+                     - each ImDrawList now contains both a vertex buffer and an index buffer. For each command, render ElemCount/3 triangles using indices from the index buffer.
+                     - if you REALLY cannot render indexed primitives, you can call the draw_data->DeIndexAllBuffers() method to de-index the buffers. This is slow and a waste of CPU/GPU. Prefer using indexed rendering!
+                     - refer to code in the examples/ folder or ask on the GitHub if you are unsure of how to upgrade. please upgrade!
+ - 2015/07/10 (1.43) - changed SameLine() parameters from int to float.
+ - 2015/07/02 (1.42) - renamed SetScrollPosHere() to SetScrollFromCursorPos(). Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2015/07/02 (1.42) - renamed GetScrollPosY() to GetScrollY(). Necessary to reduce confusion along with other scrolling functions, because positions (e.g. cursor position) are not equivalent to scrolling amount.
+ - 2015/06/14 (1.41) - changed ImageButton() default bg_col parameter from (0,0,0,1) (black) to (0,0,0,0) (transparent) - makes a difference when texture have transparence
+ - 2015/06/14 (1.41) - changed Selectable() API from (label, selected, size) to (label, selected, flags, size). Size override should have been rarely used. Sorry!
+ - 2015/05/31 (1.40) - renamed GetWindowCollapsed() to IsWindowCollapsed() for consistency. Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2015/05/31 (1.40) - renamed IsRectClipped() to IsRectVisible() for consistency. Note that return value is opposite! Kept inline redirection function (will obsolete).
+ - 2015/05/27 (1.40) - removed the third 'repeat_if_held' parameter from Button() - sorry! it was rarely used and inconsistent. Use PushButtonRepeat(true) / PopButtonRepeat() to enable repeat on desired buttons.
+ - 2015/05/11 (1.40) - changed BeginPopup() API, takes a string identifier instead of a bool. ImGui needs to manage the open/closed state of popups. Call OpenPopup() to actually set the "open" state of a popup. BeginPopup() returns true if the popup is opened.
+ - 2015/05/03 (1.40) - removed style.AutoFitPadding, using style.WindowPadding makes more sense (the default values were already the same).
+ - 2015/04/13 (1.38) - renamed IsClipped() to IsRectClipped(). Kept inline redirection function until 1.50.
+ - 2015/04/09 (1.38) - renamed ImDrawList::AddArc() to ImDrawList::AddArcFast() for compatibility with future API
+ - 2015/04/03 (1.38) - removed ImGuiCol_CheckHovered, ImGuiCol_CheckActive, replaced with the more general ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered, ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive.
+ - 2014/04/03 (1.38) - removed support for passing -FLT_MAX..+FLT_MAX as the range for a SliderFloat(). Use DragFloat() or Inputfloat() instead.
+ - 2015/03/17 (1.36) - renamed GetItemBoxMin()/GetItemBoxMax()/IsMouseHoveringBox() to GetItemRectMin()/GetItemRectMax()/IsMouseHoveringRect(). Kept inline redirection function until 1.50.
+ - 2015/03/15 (1.36) - renamed style.TreeNodeSpacing to style.IndentSpacing, ImGuiStyleVar_TreeNodeSpacing to ImGuiStyleVar_IndentSpacing
+ - 2015/03/13 (1.36) - renamed GetWindowIsFocused() to IsWindowFocused(). Kept inline redirection function until 1.50.
+ - 2015/03/08 (1.35) - renamed style.ScrollBarWidth to style.ScrollbarWidth (casing)
+ - 2015/02/27 (1.34) - renamed OpenNextNode(bool) to SetNextTreeNodeOpened(bool, ImGuiSetCond). Kept inline redirection function until 1.50.
+ - 2015/02/27 (1.34) - renamed ImGuiSetCondition_*** to ImGuiSetCond_***, and _FirstUseThisSession becomes _Once.
+ - 2015/02/11 (1.32) - changed text input callback ImGuiTextEditCallback return type from void-->int. reserved for future use, return 0 for now.
+ - 2015/02/10 (1.32) - renamed GetItemWidth() to CalcItemWidth() to clarify its evolving behavior
+ - 2015/02/08 (1.31) - renamed GetTextLineSpacing() to GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing()
+ - 2015/02/01 (1.31) - removed IO.MemReallocFn (unused)
+ - 2015/01/19 (1.30) - renamed ImGuiStorage::GetIntPtr()/GetFloatPtr() to GetIntRef()/GetIntRef() because Ptr was conflicting with actual pointer storage functions.
+ - 2015/01/11 (1.30) - big font/image API change! now loads TTF file. allow for multiple fonts. no need for a PNG loader.
+ - 2015/01/11 (1.30) - removed GetDefaultFontData(). uses io.Fonts->GetTextureData*() API to retrieve uncompressed pixels.
+                       - old:  const void* png_data; unsigned int png_size; ImGui::GetDefaultFontData(NULL, NULL, &png_data, &png_size); [..Upload texture to GPU..];
+                       - new:  unsigned char* pixels; int width, height; io.Fonts->GetTexDataAsRGBA32(&pixels, &width, &height); [..Upload texture to GPU..]; io.Fonts->SetTexID(YourTexIdentifier);
+                       you now have more flexibility to load multiple TTF fonts and manage the texture buffer for internal needs. It is now recommended that you sample the font texture with bilinear interpolation.
+ - 2015/01/11 (1.30) - added texture identifier in ImDrawCmd passed to your render function (we can now render images). make sure to call io.Fonts->SetTexID()
+ - 2015/01/11 (1.30) - removed IO.PixelCenterOffset (unnecessary, can be handled in user projection matrix)
+ - 2015/01/11 (1.30) - removed ImGui::IsItemFocused() in favor of ImGui::IsItemActive() which handles all widgets
+ - 2014/12/10 (1.18) - removed SetNewWindowDefaultPos() in favor of new generic API SetNextWindowPos(pos, ImGuiSetCondition_FirstUseEver)
+ - 2014/11/28 (1.17) - moved IO.Font*** options to inside the IO.Font-> structure (FontYOffset, FontTexUvForWhite, FontBaseScale, FontFallbackGlyph)
+ - 2014/11/26 (1.17) - reworked syntax of IMGUI_ONCE_UPON_A_FRAME helper macro to increase compiler compatibility
+ - 2014/11/07 (1.15) - renamed IsHovered() to IsItemHovered()
+ - 2014/10/02 (1.14) - renamed IMGUI_INCLUDE_IMGUI_USER_CPP to IMGUI_INCLUDE_IMGUI_USER_INL and imgui_user.cpp to imgui_user.inl (more IDE friendly)
+ - 2014/09/25 (1.13) - removed 'text_end' parameter from IO.SetClipboardTextFn (the string is now always zero-terminated for simplicity)
+ - 2014/09/24 (1.12) - renamed SetFontScale() to SetWindowFontScale()
+ - 2014/09/24 (1.12) - moved IM_MALLOC/IM_REALLOC/IM_FREE preprocessor defines to IO.MemAllocFn/IO.MemReallocFn/IO.MemFreeFn
+ - 2014/08/30 (1.09) - removed IO.FontHeight (now computed automatically)
+ - 2014/08/30 (1.09) - moved IMGUI_FONT_TEX_UV_FOR_WHITE preprocessor define to IO.FontTexUvForWhite
+ - 2014/08/28 (1.09) - changed the behavior of IO.PixelCenterOffset following various rendering fixes
+
+
+ FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
+ ================================
+
+ Read all answers online:
+   https://www.dearimgui.com/faq or https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/blob/master/docs/FAQ.md (same url)
+ Read all answers locally (with a text editor or ideally a Markdown viewer):
+   docs/FAQ.md
+ Some answers are copied down here to facilitate searching in code.
+
+ Q&A: Basics
+ ===========
+
+ Q: Where is the documentation?
+ A: This library is poorly documented at the moment and expects the user to be acquainted with C/C++.
+    - Run the examples/ and explore them.
+    - See demo code in imgui_demo.cpp and particularly the ImGui::ShowDemoWindow() function.
+    - The demo covers most features of Dear ImGui, so you can read the code and see its output.
+    - See documentation and comments at the top of imgui.cpp + effectively imgui.h.
+    - Dozens of standalone example applications using e.g. OpenGL/DirectX are provided in the
+      examples/ folder to explain how to integrate Dear ImGui with your own engine/application.
+    - The Wiki (https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki) has many resources and links.
+    - The Glossary (https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Glossary) page also may be useful.
+    - Your programming IDE is your friend, find the type or function declaration to find comments
+      associated with it.
+
+ Q: What is this library called?
+ Q: Which version should I get?
+ >> This library is called "Dear ImGui", please don't call it "ImGui" :)
+ >> See https://www.dearimgui.com/faq for details.
+
+ Q&A: Integration
+ ================
+
+ Q: How to get started?
+ A: Read 'PROGRAMMER GUIDE' above. Read examples/README.txt.
+
+ Q: How can I tell whether to dispatch mouse/keyboard to Dear ImGui or my application?
+ A: You should read the 'io.WantCaptureMouse', 'io.WantCaptureKeyboard' and 'io.WantTextInput' flags!
+ >> See https://www.dearimgui.com/faq for a fully detailed answer. You really want to read this.
+
+ Q. How can I enable keyboard controls?
+ Q: How can I use this without a mouse, without a keyboard or without a screen? (gamepad, input share, remote display)
+ Q: I integrated Dear ImGui in my engine and little squares are showing instead of text...
+ Q: I integrated Dear ImGui in my engine and some elements are clipping or disappearing when I move windows around...
+ Q: I integrated Dear ImGui in my engine and some elements are displaying outside their expected windows boundaries...
+ >> See https://www.dearimgui.com/faq
+
+ Q&A: Usage
+ ----------
+
+ Q: About the ID Stack system..
+   - Why is my widget not reacting when I click on it?
+   - How can I have widgets with an empty label?
+   - How can I have multiple widgets with the same label?
+   - How can I have multiple windows with the same label?
+ Q: How can I display an image? What is ImTextureID, how does it work?
+ Q: How can I use my own math types instead of ImVec2/ImVec4?
+ Q: How can I interact with standard C++ types (such as std::string and std::vector)?
+ Q: How can I display custom shapes? (using low-level ImDrawList API)
+ >> See https://www.dearimgui.com/faq
+
+ Q&A: Fonts, Text
+ ================
+
+ Q: How should I handle DPI in my application?
+ Q: How can I load a different font than the default?
+ Q: How can I easily use icons in my application?
+ Q: How can I load multiple fonts?
+ Q: How can I display and input non-Latin characters such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Cyrillic?
+ >> See https://www.dearimgui.com/faq and https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/edit/master/docs/FONTS.md
+
+ Q&A: Concerns
+ =============
+
+ Q: Who uses Dear ImGui?
+ Q: Can you create elaborate/serious tools with Dear ImGui?
+ Q: Can you reskin the look of Dear ImGui?
+ Q: Why using C++ (as opposed to C)?
+ >> See https://www.dearimgui.com/faq
+
+ Q&A: Community
+ ==============
+
+ Q: How can I help?
+ A: - Businesses: please reach out to "contact AT dearimgui.com" if you work in a place using Dear ImGui!
+      We can discuss ways for your company to fund development via invoiced technical support, maintenance or sponsoring contacts.
+      This is among the most useful thing you can do for Dear ImGui. With increased funding, we can hire more people working on this project.
+    - Individuals: you can support continued development via PayPal donations. See README.
+    - If you are experienced with Dear ImGui and C++, look at the GitHub issues, look at the Wiki, read docs/TODO.txt
+      and see how you want to help and can help!
+    - Disclose your usage of Dear ImGui via a dev blog post, a tweet, a screenshot, a mention somewhere etc.
+      You may post screenshot or links in the gallery threads. Visuals are ideal as they inspire other programmers.
+      But even without visuals, disclosing your use of dear imgui helps the library grow credibility, and help other teams and programmers with taking decisions.
+    - If you have issues or if you need to hack into the library, even if you don't expect any support it is useful that you share your issues (on GitHub or privately).
+
+*/
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] INCLUDES
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#endif
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
+#include "imgui_internal.h"
+
+// System includes
+#include <stdio.h>      // vsnprintf, sscanf, printf
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1500 // MSVC 2008 or earlier
+#include <stddef.h>     // intptr_t
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>     // intptr_t
+#endif
+
+// [Windows] On non-Visual Studio compilers, we default to IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS unless explicitly enabled
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(IMGUI_ENABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS)
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS
+#endif
+
+// [Windows] OS specific includes (optional)
+#if defined(_WIN32) && defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS) && defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS) && defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS)
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS
+#endif
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS)
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#ifndef __MINGW32__
+#include <Windows.h>        // _wfopen, OpenClipboard
+#else
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+#if defined(WINAPI_FAMILY) && (WINAPI_FAMILY == WINAPI_FAMILY_APP) // UWP doesn't have all Win32 functions
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// [Apple] OS specific includes
+#if defined(__APPLE__)
+#include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#endif
+
+// Visual Studio warnings
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (disable: 4127)             // condition expression is constant
+#pragma warning (disable: 4996)             // 'This function or variable may be unsafe': strcpy, strdup, sprintf, vsnprintf, sscanf, fopen
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1922   // MSVC 2019 16.2 or later
+#pragma warning (disable: 5054)             // operator '|': deprecated between enumerations of different types
+#endif
+#pragma warning (disable: 26451)            // [Static Analyzer] Arithmetic overflow : Using operator 'xxx' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to an 8 byte value. Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator 'xxx' to avoid overflow(io.2).
+#pragma warning (disable: 26495)            // [Static Analyzer] Variable 'XXX' is uninitialized. Always initialize a member variable (type.6).
+#pragma warning (disable: 26812)            // [Static Analyzer] The enum type 'xxx' is unscoped. Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum' (Enum.3).
+#endif
+
+// Clang/GCC warnings with -Weverything
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_warning("-Wunknown-warning-option")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-warning-option"         // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'                      // not all warnings are known by all Clang versions and they tend to be rename-happy.. so ignoring warnings triggers new warnings on some configuration. Great!
+#endif
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-pragmas"                // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"                 // warning: use of old-style cast                            // yes, they are more terse.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"                    // warning: comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe // storing and comparing against same constants (typically 0.0f) is ok.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"              // warning: format string is not a string literal            // passing non-literal to vsnformat(). yes, user passing incorrect format strings can crash the code.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"          // warning: declaration requires an exit-time destructor     // exit-time destruction order is undefined. if MemFree() leads to users code that has been disabled before exit it might cause problems. ImGui coding style welcomes static/globals.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wglobal-constructors"            // warning: declaration requires a global destructor         // similar to above, not sure what the exact difference is.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"                // warning: implicit conversion changes signedness
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-pedantic"                // warning: format specifies type 'void *' but the argument has type 'xxxx *' // unreasonable, would lead to casting every %p arg to void*. probably enabled by -pedantic.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wint-to-void-pointer-cast"       // warning: cast to 'void *' from smaller integer type 'int'
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"  // warning: zero as null pointer constant                    // some standard header variations use #define NULL 0
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"               // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function  // using printf() is a misery with this as C++ va_arg ellipsis changes float to double.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion"  // warning: implicit conversion from 'xxx' to 'float' may lose precision
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+// We disable -Wpragmas because GCC doesn't provide a has_warning equivalent and some forks/patches may not follow the warning/version association.
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"                  // warning: unknown option after '#pragma GCC diagnostic' kind
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"          // warning: 'xxxx' defined but not used
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wint-to-pointer-cast"      // warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat"                   // warning: format '%p' expects argument of type 'void*', but argument 6 has type 'ImGuiWindow*'
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"         // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"               // warning: conversion to 'xxxx' from 'xxxx' may alter its value
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"        // warning: format not a string literal, format string not checked
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstrict-overflow"          // warning: assuming signed overflow does not occur when assuming that (X - c) > X is always false
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wclass-memaccess"          // [__GNUC__ >= 8] warning: 'memset/memcpy' clearing/writing an object of type 'xxxx' with no trivial copy-assignment; use assignment or value-initialization instead
+#endif
+
+// Debug options
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_NAV_SCORING     0   // Display navigation scoring preview when hovering items. Display last moving direction matches when holding CTRL
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_NAV_RECTS       0   // Display the reference navigation rectangle for each window
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_INI_SETTINGS    0   // Save additional comments in .ini file (particularly helps for Docking, but makes saving slower)
+
+// When using CTRL+TAB (or Gamepad Square+L/R) we delay the visual a little in order to reduce visual noise doing a fast switch.
+static const float NAV_WINDOWING_HIGHLIGHT_DELAY            = 0.20f;    // Time before the highlight and screen dimming starts fading in
+static const float NAV_WINDOWING_LIST_APPEAR_DELAY          = 0.15f;    // Time before the window list starts to appear
+
+// Window resizing from edges (when io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges = true and ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors is set in io.BackendFlags by backend)
+static const float WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING                    = 4.0f;     // Extend outside window for hovering/resizing (maxxed with TouchPadding) and inside windows for borders. Affect FindHoveredWindow().
+static const float WINDOWS_RESIZE_FROM_EDGES_FEEDBACK_TIMER = 0.04f;    // Reduce visual noise by only highlighting the border after a certain time.
+static const float WINDOWS_MOUSE_WHEEL_SCROLL_LOCK_TIMER    = 0.70f;    // Lock scrolled window (so it doesn't pick child windows that are scrolling through) for a certain time, unless mouse moved.
+
+// Docking
+static const float DOCKING_TRANSPARENT_PAYLOAD_ALPHA        = 0.50f;    // For use with io.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload. Apply to Viewport _or_ WindowBg in host viewport.
+static const float DOCKING_SPLITTER_SIZE                    = 2.0f;
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] FORWARD DECLARATIONS
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void             SetCurrentWindow(ImGuiWindow* window);
+static void             FindHoveredWindow();
+static ImGuiWindow*     CreateNewWindow(const char* name, ImGuiWindowFlags flags);
+static ImVec2           CalcNextScrollFromScrollTargetAndClamp(ImGuiWindow* window);
+
+static void             AddDrawListToDrawData(ImVector<ImDrawList*>* out_list, ImDrawList* draw_list);
+static void             AddWindowToSortBuffer(ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>* out_sorted_windows, ImGuiWindow* window);
+
+// Settings
+static void             WindowSettingsHandler_ClearAll(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*);
+static void*            WindowSettingsHandler_ReadOpen(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, const char* name);
+static void             WindowSettingsHandler_ReadLine(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, void* entry, const char* line);
+static void             WindowSettingsHandler_ApplyAll(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*);
+static void             WindowSettingsHandler_WriteAll(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, ImGuiTextBuffer* buf);
+
+// Platform Dependents default implementation for IO functions
+static const char*      GetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void* user_data_ctx);
+static void             SetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void* user_data_ctx, const char* text);
+static void             SetPlatformImeDataFn_DefaultImpl(ImGuiViewport* viewport, ImGuiPlatformImeData* data);
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+// Navigation
+static void             NavUpdate();
+static void             NavUpdateWindowing();
+static void             NavUpdateWindowingOverlay();
+static void             NavUpdateCancelRequest();
+static void             NavUpdateCreateMoveRequest();
+static void             NavUpdateCreateTabbingRequest();
+static float            NavUpdatePageUpPageDown();
+static inline void      NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+static void             NavUpdateCreateWrappingRequest();
+static void             NavEndFrame();
+static bool             NavScoreItem(ImGuiNavItemData* result);
+static void             NavApplyItemToResult(ImGuiNavItemData* result);
+static void             NavProcessItem();
+static void             NavProcessItemForTabbingRequest(ImGuiID id, ImGuiItemFlags item_flags, ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags);
+static ImVec2           NavCalcPreferredRefPos();
+static void             NavSaveLastChildNavWindowIntoParent(ImGuiWindow* nav_window);
+static ImGuiWindow*     NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(ImGuiWindow* window);
+static void             NavRestoreLayer(ImGuiNavLayer layer);
+static void             NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+static int              FindWindowFocusIndex(ImGuiWindow* window);
+
+// Error Checking and Debug Tools
+static void             ErrorCheckNewFrameSanityChecks();
+static void             ErrorCheckEndFrameSanityChecks();
+static void             UpdateDebugToolItemPicker();
+static void             UpdateDebugToolStackQueries();
+
+// Inputs
+static void             UpdateKeyboardInputs();
+static void             UpdateMouseInputs();
+static void             UpdateMouseWheel();
+static void             UpdateKeyRoutingTable(ImGuiKeyRoutingTable* rt);
+
+// Misc
+static void             UpdateSettings();
+static bool             UpdateWindowManualResize(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& size_auto_fit, int* border_held, int resize_grip_count, ImU32 resize_grip_col[4], const ImRect& visibility_rect);
+static void             RenderWindowOuterBorders(ImGuiWindow* window);
+static void             RenderWindowDecorations(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& title_bar_rect, bool title_bar_is_highlight, bool handle_borders_and_resize_grips, int resize_grip_count, const ImU32 resize_grip_col[4], float resize_grip_draw_size);
+static void             RenderWindowTitleBarContents(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& title_bar_rect, const char* name, bool* p_open);
+static void             RenderDimmedBackgroundBehindWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, ImU32 col);
+static void             RenderDimmedBackgrounds();
+static ImGuiWindow*     FindBlockingModal(ImGuiWindow* window);
+
+// Viewports
+const ImGuiID           IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID = 0x11111111; // Using an arbitrary constant instead of e.g. ImHashStr("ViewportDefault", 0); so it's easier to spot in the debugger. The exact value doesn't matter.
+static ImGuiViewportP*  AddUpdateViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& platform_pos, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiViewportFlags flags);
+static void             DestroyViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport);
+static void             UpdateViewportsNewFrame();
+static void             UpdateViewportsEndFrame();
+static void             WindowSelectViewport(ImGuiWindow* window);
+static void             WindowSyncOwnedViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* parent_window_in_stack);
+static bool             UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiViewportP* host_viewport);
+static bool             UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewports(ImGuiWindow* window);
+static bool             GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnViewport(ImGuiWindow* window);
+static int              FindPlatformMonitorForPos(const ImVec2& pos);
+static int              FindPlatformMonitorForRect(const ImRect& r);
+static void             UpdateViewportPlatformMonitor(ImGuiViewportP* viewport);
+
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] CONTEXT AND MEMORY ALLOCATORS
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// DLL users:
+// - Heaps and globals are not shared across DLL boundaries!
+// - You will need to call SetCurrentContext() + SetAllocatorFunctions() for each static/DLL boundary you are calling from.
+// - Same applies for hot-reloading mechanisms that are reliant on reloading DLL (note that many hot-reloading mechanisms work without DLL).
+// - Using Dear ImGui via a shared library is not recommended, because of function call overhead and because we don't guarantee backward nor forward ABI compatibility.
+// - Confused? In a debugger: add GImGui to your watch window and notice how its value changes depending on your current location (which DLL boundary you are in).
+
+// Current context pointer. Implicitly used by all Dear ImGui functions. Always assumed to be != NULL.
+// - ImGui::CreateContext() will automatically set this pointer if it is NULL.
+//   Change to a different context by calling ImGui::SetCurrentContext().
+// - Important: Dear ImGui functions are not thread-safe because of this pointer.
+//   If you want thread-safety to allow N threads to access N different contexts:
+//   - Change this variable to use thread local storage so each thread can refer to a different context, in your imconfig.h:
+//         struct ImGuiContext;
+//         extern thread_local ImGuiContext* MyImGuiTLS;
+//         #define GImGui MyImGuiTLS
+//     And then define MyImGuiTLS in one of your cpp files. Note that thread_local is a C++11 keyword, earlier C++ uses compiler-specific keyword.
+//   - Future development aims to make this context pointer explicit to all calls. Also read https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/586
+//   - If you need a finite number of contexts, you may compile and use multiple instances of the ImGui code from a different namespace.
+// - DLL users: read comments above.
+#ifndef GImGui
+ImGuiContext*   GImGui = NULL;
+#endif
+
+// Memory Allocator functions. Use SetAllocatorFunctions() to change them.
+// - You probably don't want to modify that mid-program, and if you use global/static e.g. ImVector<> instances you may need to keep them accessible during program destruction.
+// - DLL users: read comments above.
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS
+static void*   MallocWrapper(size_t size, void* user_data)    { IM_UNUSED(user_data); return malloc(size); }
+static void    FreeWrapper(void* ptr, void* user_data)        { IM_UNUSED(user_data); free(ptr); }
+#else
+static void*   MallocWrapper(size_t size, void* user_data)    { IM_UNUSED(user_data); IM_UNUSED(size); IM_ASSERT(0); return NULL; }
+static void    FreeWrapper(void* ptr, void* user_data)        { IM_UNUSED(user_data); IM_UNUSED(ptr); IM_ASSERT(0); }
+#endif
+static ImGuiMemAllocFunc    GImAllocatorAllocFunc = MallocWrapper;
+static ImGuiMemFreeFunc     GImAllocatorFreeFunc = FreeWrapper;
+static void*                GImAllocatorUserData = NULL;
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] USER FACING STRUCTURES (ImGuiStyle, ImGuiIO)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImGuiStyle::ImGuiStyle()
+{
+    Alpha                   = 1.0f;             // Global alpha applies to everything in Dear ImGui.
+    DisabledAlpha           = 0.60f;            // Additional alpha multiplier applied by BeginDisabled(). Multiply over current value of Alpha.
+    WindowPadding           = ImVec2(8,8);      // Padding within a window
+    WindowRounding          = 0.0f;             // Radius of window corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular windows. Large values tend to lead to variety of artifacts and are not recommended.
+    WindowBorderSize        = 1.0f;             // Thickness of border around windows. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. Other values not well tested.
+    WindowMinSize           = ImVec2(32,32);    // Minimum window size
+    WindowTitleAlign        = ImVec2(0.0f,0.5f);// Alignment for title bar text
+    WindowMenuButtonPosition= ImGuiDir_Left;    // Position of the collapsing/docking button in the title bar (left/right). Defaults to ImGuiDir_Left.
+    ChildRounding           = 0.0f;             // Radius of child window corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular child windows
+    ChildBorderSize         = 1.0f;             // Thickness of border around child windows. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. Other values not well tested.
+    PopupRounding           = 0.0f;             // Radius of popup window corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular child windows
+    PopupBorderSize         = 1.0f;             // Thickness of border around popup or tooltip windows. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. Other values not well tested.
+    FramePadding            = ImVec2(4,3);      // Padding within a framed rectangle (used by most widgets)
+    FrameRounding           = 0.0f;             // Radius of frame corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular frames (used by most widgets).
+    FrameBorderSize         = 0.0f;             // Thickness of border around frames. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. Other values not well tested.
+    ItemSpacing             = ImVec2(8,4);      // Horizontal and vertical spacing between widgets/lines
+    ItemInnerSpacing        = ImVec2(4,4);      // Horizontal and vertical spacing between within elements of a composed widget (e.g. a slider and its label)
+    CellPadding             = ImVec2(4,2);      // Padding within a table cell
+    TouchExtraPadding       = ImVec2(0,0);      // Expand reactive bounding box for touch-based system where touch position is not accurate enough. Unfortunately we don't sort widgets so priority on overlap will always be given to the first widget. So don't grow this too much!
+    IndentSpacing           = 21.0f;            // Horizontal spacing when e.g. entering a tree node. Generally == (FontSize + FramePadding.x*2).
+    ColumnsMinSpacing       = 6.0f;             // Minimum horizontal spacing between two columns. Preferably > (FramePadding.x + 1).
+    ScrollbarSize           = 14.0f;            // Width of the vertical scrollbar, Height of the horizontal scrollbar
+    ScrollbarRounding       = 9.0f;             // Radius of grab corners rounding for scrollbar
+    GrabMinSize             = 12.0f;            // Minimum width/height of a grab box for slider/scrollbar
+    GrabRounding            = 0.0f;             // Radius of grabs corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular slider grabs.
+    LogSliderDeadzone       = 4.0f;             // The size in pixels of the dead-zone around zero on logarithmic sliders that cross zero.
+    TabRounding             = 4.0f;             // Radius of upper corners of a tab. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular tabs.
+    TabBorderSize           = 0.0f;             // Thickness of border around tabs.
+    TabMinWidthForCloseButton = 0.0f;           // Minimum width for close button to appear on an unselected tab when hovered. Set to 0.0f to always show when hovering, set to FLT_MAX to never show close button unless selected.
+    ColorButtonPosition     = ImGuiDir_Right;   // Side of the color button in the ColorEdit4 widget (left/right). Defaults to ImGuiDir_Right.
+    ButtonTextAlign         = ImVec2(0.5f,0.5f);// Alignment of button text when button is larger than text.
+    SelectableTextAlign     = ImVec2(0.0f,0.0f);// Alignment of selectable text. Defaults to (0.0f, 0.0f) (top-left aligned). It's generally important to keep this left-aligned if you want to lay multiple items on a same line.
+    SeparatorTextBorderSize = 3.0f;             // Thickkness of border in SeparatorText()
+    SeparatorTextAlign      = ImVec2(0.0f,0.5f);// Alignment of text within the separator. Defaults to (0.0f, 0.5f) (left aligned, center).
+    SeparatorTextPadding    = ImVec2(20.0f,3.f);// Horizontal offset of text from each edge of the separator + spacing on other axis. Generally small values. .y is recommended to be == FramePadding.y.
+    DisplayWindowPadding    = ImVec2(19,19);    // Window position are clamped to be visible within the display area or monitors by at least this amount. Only applies to regular windows.
+    DisplaySafeAreaPadding  = ImVec2(3,3);      // If you cannot see the edge of your screen (e.g. on a TV) increase the safe area padding. Covers popups/tooltips as well regular windows.
+    MouseCursorScale        = 1.0f;             // Scale software rendered mouse cursor (when io.MouseDrawCursor is enabled). May be removed later.
+    AntiAliasedLines        = true;             // Enable anti-aliased lines/borders. Disable if you are really tight on CPU/GPU.
+    AntiAliasedLinesUseTex  = true;             // Enable anti-aliased lines/borders using textures where possible. Require backend to render with bilinear filtering (NOT point/nearest filtering).
+    AntiAliasedFill         = true;             // Enable anti-aliased filled shapes (rounded rectangles, circles, etc.).
+    CurveTessellationTol    = 1.25f;            // Tessellation tolerance when using PathBezierCurveTo() without a specific number of segments. Decrease for highly tessellated curves (higher quality, more polygons), increase to reduce quality.
+    CircleTessellationMaxError = 0.30f;         // Maximum error (in pixels) allowed when using AddCircle()/AddCircleFilled() or drawing rounded corner rectangles with no explicit segment count specified. Decrease for higher quality but more geometry.
+
+    // Default theme
+    ImGui::StyleColorsDark(this);
+}
+
+// To scale your entire UI (e.g. if you want your app to use High DPI or generally be DPI aware) you may use this helper function. Scaling the fonts is done separately and is up to you.
+// Important: This operation is lossy because we round all sizes to integer. If you need to change your scale multiples, call this over a freshly initialized ImGuiStyle structure rather than scaling multiple times.
+void ImGuiStyle::ScaleAllSizes(float scale_factor)
+{
+    WindowPadding = ImFloor(WindowPadding * scale_factor);
+    WindowRounding = ImFloor(WindowRounding * scale_factor);
+    WindowMinSize = ImFloor(WindowMinSize * scale_factor);
+    ChildRounding = ImFloor(ChildRounding * scale_factor);
+    PopupRounding = ImFloor(PopupRounding * scale_factor);
+    FramePadding = ImFloor(FramePadding * scale_factor);
+    FrameRounding = ImFloor(FrameRounding * scale_factor);
+    ItemSpacing = ImFloor(ItemSpacing * scale_factor);
+    ItemInnerSpacing = ImFloor(ItemInnerSpacing * scale_factor);
+    CellPadding = ImFloor(CellPadding * scale_factor);
+    TouchExtraPadding = ImFloor(TouchExtraPadding * scale_factor);
+    IndentSpacing = ImFloor(IndentSpacing * scale_factor);
+    ColumnsMinSpacing = ImFloor(ColumnsMinSpacing * scale_factor);
+    ScrollbarSize = ImFloor(ScrollbarSize * scale_factor);
+    ScrollbarRounding = ImFloor(ScrollbarRounding * scale_factor);
+    GrabMinSize = ImFloor(GrabMinSize * scale_factor);
+    GrabRounding = ImFloor(GrabRounding * scale_factor);
+    LogSliderDeadzone = ImFloor(LogSliderDeadzone * scale_factor);
+    TabRounding = ImFloor(TabRounding * scale_factor);
+    TabMinWidthForCloseButton = (TabMinWidthForCloseButton != FLT_MAX) ? ImFloor(TabMinWidthForCloseButton * scale_factor) : FLT_MAX;
+    SeparatorTextPadding = ImFloor(SeparatorTextPadding * scale_factor);
+    DisplayWindowPadding = ImFloor(DisplayWindowPadding * scale_factor);
+    DisplaySafeAreaPadding = ImFloor(DisplaySafeAreaPadding * scale_factor);
+    MouseCursorScale = ImFloor(MouseCursorScale * scale_factor);
+}
+
+ImGuiIO::ImGuiIO()
+{
+    // Most fields are initialized with zero
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    IM_STATIC_ASSERT(IM_ARRAYSIZE(ImGuiIO::MouseDown) == ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT && IM_ARRAYSIZE(ImGuiIO::MouseClicked) == ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT);
+
+    // Settings
+    ConfigFlags = ImGuiConfigFlags_None;
+    BackendFlags = ImGuiBackendFlags_None;
+    DisplaySize = ImVec2(-1.0f, -1.0f);
+    DeltaTime = 1.0f / 60.0f;
+    IniSavingRate = 5.0f;
+    IniFilename = "imgui.ini"; // Important: "imgui.ini" is relative to current working dir, most apps will want to lock this to an absolute path (e.g. same path as executables).
+    LogFilename = "imgui_log.txt";
+    MouseDoubleClickTime = 0.30f;
+    MouseDoubleClickMaxDist = 6.0f;
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    for (int i = 0; i < ImGuiKey_COUNT; i++)
+        KeyMap[i] = -1;
+#endif
+    KeyRepeatDelay = 0.275f;
+    KeyRepeatRate = 0.050f;
+    HoverDelayNormal = 0.30f;
+    HoverDelayShort = 0.10f;
+    UserData = NULL;
+
+    Fonts = NULL;
+    FontGlobalScale = 1.0f;
+    FontDefault = NULL;
+    FontAllowUserScaling = false;
+    DisplayFramebufferScale = ImVec2(1.0f, 1.0f);
+
+    // Docking options (when ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable is set)
+    ConfigDockingNoSplit = false;
+    ConfigDockingWithShift = false;
+    ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar = false;
+    ConfigDockingTransparentPayload = false;
+
+    // Viewport options (when ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable is set)
+    ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge = false;
+    ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon = false;
+    ConfigViewportsNoDecoration = true;
+    ConfigViewportsNoDefaultParent = false;
+
+    // Miscellaneous options
+    MouseDrawCursor = false;
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+    ConfigMacOSXBehaviors = true;  // Set Mac OS X style defaults based on __APPLE__ compile time flag
+#else
+    ConfigMacOSXBehaviors = false;
+#endif
+    ConfigInputTrickleEventQueue = true;
+    ConfigInputTextCursorBlink = true;
+    ConfigInputTextEnterKeepActive = false;
+    ConfigDragClickToInputText = false;
+    ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges = true;
+    ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly = false;
+    ConfigMemoryCompactTimer = 60.0f;
+    ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueOnce = false;
+    ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueLoop = false;
+
+    // Platform Functions
+    // Note: Initialize() will setup default clipboard/ime handlers.
+    BackendPlatformName = BackendRendererName = NULL;
+    BackendPlatformUserData = BackendRendererUserData = BackendLanguageUserData = NULL;
+
+    // Input (NB: we already have memset zero the entire structure!)
+    MousePos = ImVec2(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    MousePosPrev = ImVec2(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    MouseSource = ImGuiMouseSource_Mouse;
+    MouseDragThreshold = 6.0f;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(MouseDownDuration); i++) MouseDownDuration[i] = MouseDownDurationPrev[i] = -1.0f;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(KeysData); i++) { KeysData[i].DownDuration = KeysData[i].DownDurationPrev = -1.0f; }
+    AppAcceptingEvents = true;
+    BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays = (ImS8)-1;
+    BackendUsingLegacyNavInputArray = true; // assume using legacy array until proven wrong
+}
+
+// Pass in translated ASCII characters for text input.
+// - with glfw you can get those from the callback set in glfwSetCharCallback()
+// - on Windows you can get those using ToAscii+keyboard state, or via the WM_CHAR message
+// FIXME: Should in theory be called "AddCharacterEvent()" to be consistent with new API
+void ImGuiIO::AddInputCharacter(unsigned int c)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    if (c == 0 || !AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiInputEvent e;
+    e.Type = ImGuiInputEventType_Text;
+    e.Source = ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard;
+    e.EventId = g.InputEventsNextEventId++;
+    e.Text.Char = c;
+    g.InputEventsQueue.push_back(e);
+}
+
+// UTF16 strings use surrogate pairs to encode codepoints >= 0x10000, so
+// we should save the high surrogate.
+void ImGuiIO::AddInputCharacterUTF16(ImWchar16 c)
+{
+    if ((c == 0 && InputQueueSurrogate == 0) || !AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+
+    if ((c & 0xFC00) == 0xD800) // High surrogate, must save
+    {
+        if (InputQueueSurrogate != 0)
+            AddInputCharacter(IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID);
+        InputQueueSurrogate = c;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ImWchar cp = c;
+    if (InputQueueSurrogate != 0)
+    {
+        if ((c & 0xFC00) != 0xDC00) // Invalid low surrogate
+        {
+            AddInputCharacter(IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+#if IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX == 0xFFFF
+            cp = IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID; // Codepoint will not fit in ImWchar
+#else
+            cp = (ImWchar)(((InputQueueSurrogate - 0xD800) << 10) + (c - 0xDC00) + 0x10000);
+#endif
+        }
+
+        InputQueueSurrogate = 0;
+    }
+    AddInputCharacter((unsigned)cp);
+}
+
+void ImGuiIO::AddInputCharactersUTF8(const char* utf8_chars)
+{
+    if (!AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+    while (*utf8_chars != 0)
+    {
+        unsigned int c = 0;
+        utf8_chars += ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, utf8_chars, NULL);
+        AddInputCharacter(c);
+    }
+}
+
+// FIXME: Perhaps we could clear queued events as well?
+void ImGuiIO::ClearInputCharacters()
+{
+    InputQueueCharacters.resize(0);
+}
+
+// FIXME: Perhaps we could clear queued events as well?
+void ImGuiIO::ClearInputKeys()
+{
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    memset(KeysDown, 0, sizeof(KeysDown));
+#endif
+    for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(KeysData); n++)
+    {
+        KeysData[n].Down             = false;
+        KeysData[n].DownDuration     = -1.0f;
+        KeysData[n].DownDurationPrev = -1.0f;
+    }
+    KeyCtrl = KeyShift = KeyAlt = KeySuper = false;
+    KeyMods = ImGuiMod_None;
+    MousePos = ImVec2(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(MouseDown); n++)
+    {
+        MouseDown[n] = false;
+        MouseDownDuration[n] = MouseDownDurationPrev[n] = -1.0f;
+    }
+    MouseWheel = MouseWheelH = 0.0f;
+}
+
+static ImGuiInputEvent* FindLatestInputEvent(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiInputEventType type, int arg = -1)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (int n = g.InputEventsQueue.Size - 1; n >= 0; n--)
+    {
+        ImGuiInputEvent* e = &g.InputEventsQueue[n];
+        if (e->Type != type)
+            continue;
+        if (type == ImGuiInputEventType_Key && e->Key.Key != arg)
+            continue;
+        if (type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseButton && e->MouseButton.Button != arg)
+            continue;
+        return e;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Queue a new key down/up event.
+// - ImGuiKey key:       Translated key (as in, generally ImGuiKey_A matches the key end-user would use to emit an 'A' character)
+// - bool down:          Is the key down? use false to signify a key release.
+// - float analog_value: 0.0f..1.0f
+// IMPORTANT: THIS FUNCTION AND OTHER "ADD" GRABS THE CONTEXT FROM OUR INSTANCE.
+// WE NEED TO ENSURE THAT ALL FUNCTION CALLS ARE FULLFILLING THIS, WHICH IS WHY GetKeyData() HAS AN EXPLICIT CONTEXT.
+void ImGuiIO::AddKeyAnalogEvent(ImGuiKey key, bool down, float analog_value)
+{
+    //if (e->Down) { IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("AddKeyEvent() Key='%s' %d, NativeKeycode = %d, NativeScancode = %d\n", ImGui::GetKeyName(e->Key), e->Down, e->NativeKeycode, e->NativeScancode); }
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    if (key == ImGuiKey_None || !AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    IM_ASSERT(ImGui::IsNamedKeyOrModKey(key)); // Backend needs to pass a valid ImGuiKey_ constant. 0..511 values are legacy native key codes which are not accepted by this API.
+    IM_ASSERT(ImGui::IsAliasKey(key) == false); // Backend cannot submit ImGuiKey_MouseXXX values they are automatically inferred from AddMouseXXX() events.
+    IM_ASSERT(key != ImGuiMod_Shortcut); // We could easily support the translation here but it seems saner to not accept it (TestEngine perform a translation itself)
+
+    // Verify that backend isn't mixing up using new io.AddKeyEvent() api and old io.KeysDown[] + io.KeyMap[] data.
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    IM_ASSERT((BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays == -1 || BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays == 0) && "Backend needs to either only use io.AddKeyEvent(), either only fill legacy io.KeysDown[] + io.KeyMap[]. Not both!");
+    if (BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays == -1)
+        for (int n = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN; n < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; n++)
+            IM_ASSERT(KeyMap[n] == -1 && "Backend needs to either only use io.AddKeyEvent(), either only fill legacy io.KeysDown[] + io.KeyMap[]. Not both!");
+    BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays = 0;
+#endif
+    if (ImGui::IsGamepadKey(key))
+        BackendUsingLegacyNavInputArray = false;
+
+    // Filter duplicate (in particular: key mods and gamepad analog values are commonly spammed)
+    const ImGuiInputEvent* latest_event = FindLatestInputEvent(&g, ImGuiInputEventType_Key, (int)key);
+    const ImGuiKeyData* key_data = ImGui::GetKeyData(&g, key);
+    const bool latest_key_down = latest_event ? latest_event->Key.Down : key_data->Down;
+    const float latest_key_analog = latest_event ? latest_event->Key.AnalogValue : key_data->AnalogValue;
+    if (latest_key_down == down && latest_key_analog == analog_value)
+        return;
+
+    // Add event
+    ImGuiInputEvent e;
+    e.Type = ImGuiInputEventType_Key;
+    e.Source = ImGui::IsGamepadKey(key) ? ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad : ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard;
+    e.EventId = g.InputEventsNextEventId++;
+    e.Key.Key = key;
+    e.Key.Down = down;
+    e.Key.AnalogValue = analog_value;
+    g.InputEventsQueue.push_back(e);
+}
+
+void ImGuiIO::AddKeyEvent(ImGuiKey key, bool down)
+{
+    if (!AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+    AddKeyAnalogEvent(key, down, down ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+}
+
+// [Optional] Call after AddKeyEvent().
+// Specify native keycode, scancode + Specify index for legacy <1.87 IsKeyXXX() functions with native indices.
+// If you are writing a backend in 2022 or don't use IsKeyXXX() with native values that are not ImGuiKey values, you can avoid calling this.
+void ImGuiIO::SetKeyEventNativeData(ImGuiKey key, int native_keycode, int native_scancode, int native_legacy_index)
+{
+    if (key == ImGuiKey_None)
+        return;
+    IM_ASSERT(ImGui::IsNamedKey(key)); // >= 512
+    IM_ASSERT(native_legacy_index == -1 || ImGui::IsLegacyKey((ImGuiKey)native_legacy_index)); // >= 0 && <= 511
+    IM_UNUSED(native_keycode);  // Yet unused
+    IM_UNUSED(native_scancode); // Yet unused
+
+    // Build native->imgui map so old user code can still call key functions with native 0..511 values.
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    const int legacy_key = (native_legacy_index != -1) ? native_legacy_index : native_keycode;
+    if (!ImGui::IsLegacyKey((ImGuiKey)legacy_key))
+        return;
+    KeyMap[legacy_key] = key;
+    KeyMap[key] = legacy_key;
+#else
+    IM_UNUSED(key);
+    IM_UNUSED(native_legacy_index);
+#endif
+}
+
+// Set master flag for accepting key/mouse/text events (default to true). Useful if you have native dialog boxes that are interrupting your application loop/refresh, and you want to disable events being queued while your app is frozen.
+void ImGuiIO::SetAppAcceptingEvents(bool accepting_events)
+{
+    AppAcceptingEvents = accepting_events;
+}
+
+// Queue a mouse move event
+void ImGuiIO::AddMousePosEvent(float x, float y)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    if (!AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+
+    // Apply same flooring as UpdateMouseInputs()
+    ImVec2 pos((x > -FLT_MAX) ? ImFloorSigned(x) : x, (y > -FLT_MAX) ? ImFloorSigned(y) : y);
+
+    // Filter duplicate
+    const ImGuiInputEvent* latest_event = FindLatestInputEvent(&g, ImGuiInputEventType_MousePos);
+    const ImVec2 latest_pos = latest_event ? ImVec2(latest_event->MousePos.PosX, latest_event->MousePos.PosY) : g.IO.MousePos;
+    if (latest_pos.x == pos.x && latest_pos.y == pos.y)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiInputEvent e;
+    e.Type = ImGuiInputEventType_MousePos;
+    e.Source = ImGuiInputSource_Mouse;
+    e.EventId = g.InputEventsNextEventId++;
+    e.MousePos.PosX = pos.x;
+    e.MousePos.PosY = pos.y;
+    e.MouseWheel.MouseSource = g.InputEventsNextMouseSource;
+    g.InputEventsQueue.push_back(e);
+}
+
+void ImGuiIO::AddMouseButtonEvent(int mouse_button, bool down)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    IM_ASSERT(mouse_button >= 0 && mouse_button < ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT);
+    if (!AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+
+    // Filter duplicate
+    const ImGuiInputEvent* latest_event = FindLatestInputEvent(&g, ImGuiInputEventType_MouseButton, (int)mouse_button);
+    const bool latest_button_down = latest_event ? latest_event->MouseButton.Down : g.IO.MouseDown[mouse_button];
+    if (latest_button_down == down)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiInputEvent e;
+    e.Type = ImGuiInputEventType_MouseButton;
+    e.Source = ImGuiInputSource_Mouse;
+    e.EventId = g.InputEventsNextEventId++;
+    e.MouseButton.Button = mouse_button;
+    e.MouseButton.Down = down;
+    e.MouseWheel.MouseSource = g.InputEventsNextMouseSource;
+    g.InputEventsQueue.push_back(e);
+}
+
+// Queue a mouse wheel event (some mouse/API may only have a Y component)
+void ImGuiIO::AddMouseWheelEvent(float wheel_x, float wheel_y)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+
+    // Filter duplicate (unlike most events, wheel values are relative and easy to filter)
+    if (!AppAcceptingEvents || (wheel_x == 0.0f && wheel_y == 0.0f))
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiInputEvent e;
+    e.Type = ImGuiInputEventType_MouseWheel;
+    e.Source = ImGuiInputSource_Mouse;
+    e.EventId = g.InputEventsNextEventId++;
+    e.MouseWheel.WheelX = wheel_x;
+    e.MouseWheel.WheelY = wheel_y;
+    e.MouseWheel.MouseSource = g.InputEventsNextMouseSource;
+    g.InputEventsQueue.push_back(e);
+}
+
+// This is not a real event, the data is latched in order to be stored in actual Mouse events.
+// This is so that duplicate events (e.g. Windows sending extraneous WM_MOUSEMOVE) gets filtered and are not leading to actual source changes.
+void ImGuiIO::AddMouseSourceEvent(ImGuiMouseSource source)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    g.InputEventsNextMouseSource = source;
+}
+
+void ImGuiIO::AddMouseViewportEvent(ImGuiID viewport_id)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport);
+    if (!AppAcceptingEvents)
+        return;
+
+    // Filter duplicate
+    const ImGuiInputEvent* latest_event = FindLatestInputEvent(&g, ImGuiInputEventType_MouseViewport);
+    const ImGuiID latest_viewport_id = latest_event ? latest_event->MouseViewport.HoveredViewportID : g.IO.MouseHoveredViewport;
+    if (latest_viewport_id == viewport_id)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiInputEvent e;
+    e.Type = ImGuiInputEventType_MouseViewport;
+    e.Source = ImGuiInputSource_Mouse;
+    e.MouseViewport.HoveredViewportID = viewport_id;
+    g.InputEventsQueue.push_back(e);
+}
+
+void ImGuiIO::AddFocusEvent(bool focused)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+
+    // Filter duplicate
+    const ImGuiInputEvent* latest_event = FindLatestInputEvent(&g, ImGuiInputEventType_Focus);
+    const bool latest_focused = latest_event ? latest_event->AppFocused.Focused : !g.IO.AppFocusLost;
+    if (latest_focused == focused)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiInputEvent e;
+    e.Type = ImGuiInputEventType_Focus;
+    e.EventId = g.InputEventsNextEventId++;
+    e.AppFocused.Focused = focused;
+    g.InputEventsQueue.push_back(e);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (Geometry functions)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImVec2 ImBezierCubicClosestPoint(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, const ImVec2& p, int num_segments)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(num_segments > 0); // Use ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljau()
+    ImVec2 p_last = p1;
+    ImVec2 p_closest;
+    float p_closest_dist2 = FLT_MAX;
+    float t_step = 1.0f / (float)num_segments;
+    for (int i_step = 1; i_step <= num_segments; i_step++)
+    {
+        ImVec2 p_current = ImBezierCubicCalc(p1, p2, p3, p4, t_step * i_step);
+        ImVec2 p_line = ImLineClosestPoint(p_last, p_current, p);
+        float dist2 = ImLengthSqr(p - p_line);
+        if (dist2 < p_closest_dist2)
+        {
+            p_closest = p_line;
+            p_closest_dist2 = dist2;
+        }
+        p_last = p_current;
+    }
+    return p_closest;
+}
+
+// Closely mimics PathBezierToCasteljau() in imgui_draw.cpp
+static void ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljauStep(const ImVec2& p, ImVec2& p_closest, ImVec2& p_last, float& p_closest_dist2, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3, float x4, float y4, float tess_tol, int level)
+{
+    float dx = x4 - x1;
+    float dy = y4 - y1;
+    float d2 = ((x2 - x4) * dy - (y2 - y4) * dx);
+    float d3 = ((x3 - x4) * dy - (y3 - y4) * dx);
+    d2 = (d2 >= 0) ? d2 : -d2;
+    d3 = (d3 >= 0) ? d3 : -d3;
+    if ((d2 + d3) * (d2 + d3) < tess_tol * (dx * dx + dy * dy))
+    {
+        ImVec2 p_current(x4, y4);
+        ImVec2 p_line = ImLineClosestPoint(p_last, p_current, p);
+        float dist2 = ImLengthSqr(p - p_line);
+        if (dist2 < p_closest_dist2)
+        {
+            p_closest = p_line;
+            p_closest_dist2 = dist2;
+        }
+        p_last = p_current;
+    }
+    else if (level < 10)
+    {
+        float x12 = (x1 + x2)*0.5f,       y12 = (y1 + y2)*0.5f;
+        float x23 = (x2 + x3)*0.5f,       y23 = (y2 + y3)*0.5f;
+        float x34 = (x3 + x4)*0.5f,       y34 = (y3 + y4)*0.5f;
+        float x123 = (x12 + x23)*0.5f,    y123 = (y12 + y23)*0.5f;
+        float x234 = (x23 + x34)*0.5f,    y234 = (y23 + y34)*0.5f;
+        float x1234 = (x123 + x234)*0.5f, y1234 = (y123 + y234)*0.5f;
+        ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljauStep(p, p_closest, p_last, p_closest_dist2, x1, y1, x12, y12, x123, y123, x1234, y1234, tess_tol, level + 1);
+        ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljauStep(p, p_closest, p_last, p_closest_dist2, x1234, y1234, x234, y234, x34, y34, x4, y4, tess_tol, level + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// tess_tol is generally the same value you would find in ImGui::GetStyle().CurveTessellationTol
+// Because those ImXXX functions are lower-level than ImGui:: we cannot access this value automatically.
+ImVec2 ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljau(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, const ImVec2& p, float tess_tol)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(tess_tol > 0.0f);
+    ImVec2 p_last = p1;
+    ImVec2 p_closest;
+    float p_closest_dist2 = FLT_MAX;
+    ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljauStep(p, p_closest, p_last, p_closest_dist2, p1.x, p1.y, p2.x, p2.y, p3.x, p3.y, p4.x, p4.y, tess_tol, 0);
+    return p_closest;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImLineClosestPoint(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& p)
+{
+    ImVec2 ap = p - a;
+    ImVec2 ab_dir = b - a;
+    float dot = ap.x * ab_dir.x + ap.y * ab_dir.y;
+    if (dot < 0.0f)
+        return a;
+    float ab_len_sqr = ab_dir.x * ab_dir.x + ab_dir.y * ab_dir.y;
+    if (dot > ab_len_sqr)
+        return b;
+    return a + ab_dir * dot / ab_len_sqr;
+}
+
+bool ImTriangleContainsPoint(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& p)
+{
+    bool b1 = ((p.x - b.x) * (a.y - b.y) - (p.y - b.y) * (a.x - b.x)) < 0.0f;
+    bool b2 = ((p.x - c.x) * (b.y - c.y) - (p.y - c.y) * (b.x - c.x)) < 0.0f;
+    bool b3 = ((p.x - a.x) * (c.y - a.y) - (p.y - a.y) * (c.x - a.x)) < 0.0f;
+    return ((b1 == b2) && (b2 == b3));
+}
+
+void ImTriangleBarycentricCoords(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& p, float& out_u, float& out_v, float& out_w)
+{
+    ImVec2 v0 = b - a;
+    ImVec2 v1 = c - a;
+    ImVec2 v2 = p - a;
+    const float denom = v0.x * v1.y - v1.x * v0.y;
+    out_v = (v2.x * v1.y - v1.x * v2.y) / denom;
+    out_w = (v0.x * v2.y - v2.x * v0.y) / denom;
+    out_u = 1.0f - out_v - out_w;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImTriangleClosestPoint(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& p)
+{
+    ImVec2 proj_ab = ImLineClosestPoint(a, b, p);
+    ImVec2 proj_bc = ImLineClosestPoint(b, c, p);
+    ImVec2 proj_ca = ImLineClosestPoint(c, a, p);
+    float dist2_ab = ImLengthSqr(p - proj_ab);
+    float dist2_bc = ImLengthSqr(p - proj_bc);
+    float dist2_ca = ImLengthSqr(p - proj_ca);
+    float m = ImMin(dist2_ab, ImMin(dist2_bc, dist2_ca));
+    if (m == dist2_ab)
+        return proj_ab;
+    if (m == dist2_bc)
+        return proj_bc;
+    return proj_ca;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (String, Format, Hash functions)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Consider using _stricmp/_strnicmp under Windows or strcasecmp/strncasecmp. We don't actually use either ImStricmp/ImStrnicmp in the codebase any more.
+int ImStricmp(const char* str1, const char* str2)
+{
+    int d;
+    while ((d = ImToUpper(*str2) - ImToUpper(*str1)) == 0 && *str1) { str1++; str2++; }
+    return d;
+}
+
+int ImStrnicmp(const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t count)
+{
+    int d = 0;
+    while (count > 0 && (d = ImToUpper(*str2) - ImToUpper(*str1)) == 0 && *str1) { str1++; str2++; count--; }
+    return d;
+}
+
+void ImStrncpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t count)
+{
+    if (count < 1)
+        return;
+    if (count > 1)
+        strncpy(dst, src, count - 1);
+    dst[count - 1] = 0;
+}
+
+char* ImStrdup(const char* str)
+{
+    size_t len = strlen(str);
+    void* buf = IM_ALLOC(len + 1);
+    return (char*)memcpy(buf, (const void*)str, len + 1);
+}
+
+char* ImStrdupcpy(char* dst, size_t* p_dst_size, const char* src)
+{
+    size_t dst_buf_size = p_dst_size ? *p_dst_size : strlen(dst) + 1;
+    size_t src_size = strlen(src) + 1;
+    if (dst_buf_size < src_size)
+    {
+        IM_FREE(dst);
+        dst = (char*)IM_ALLOC(src_size);
+        if (p_dst_size)
+            *p_dst_size = src_size;
+    }
+    return (char*)memcpy(dst, (const void*)src, src_size);
+}
+
+const char* ImStrchrRange(const char* str, const char* str_end, char c)
+{
+    const char* p = (const char*)memchr(str, (int)c, str_end - str);
+    return p;
+}
+
+int ImStrlenW(const ImWchar* str)
+{
+    //return (int)wcslen((const wchar_t*)str);  // FIXME-OPT: Could use this when wchar_t are 16-bit
+    int n = 0;
+    while (*str++) n++;
+    return n;
+}
+
+// Find end-of-line. Return pointer will point to either first \n, either str_end.
+const char* ImStreolRange(const char* str, const char* str_end)
+{
+    const char* p = (const char*)memchr(str, '\n', str_end - str);
+    return p ? p : str_end;
+}
+
+const ImWchar* ImStrbolW(const ImWchar* buf_mid_line, const ImWchar* buf_begin) // find beginning-of-line
+{
+    while (buf_mid_line > buf_begin && buf_mid_line[-1] != '\n')
+        buf_mid_line--;
+    return buf_mid_line;
+}
+
+const char* ImStristr(const char* haystack, const char* haystack_end, const char* needle, const char* needle_end)
+{
+    if (!needle_end)
+        needle_end = needle + strlen(needle);
+
+    const char un0 = (char)ImToUpper(*needle);
+    while ((!haystack_end && *haystack) || (haystack_end && haystack < haystack_end))
+    {
+        if (ImToUpper(*haystack) == un0)
+        {
+            const char* b = needle + 1;
+            for (const char* a = haystack + 1; b < needle_end; a++, b++)
+                if (ImToUpper(*a) != ImToUpper(*b))
+                    break;
+            if (b == needle_end)
+                return haystack;
+        }
+        haystack++;
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Trim str by offsetting contents when there's leading data + writing a \0 at the trailing position. We use this in situation where the cost is negligible.
+void ImStrTrimBlanks(char* buf)
+{
+    char* p = buf;
+    while (p[0] == ' ' || p[0] == '\t')     // Leading blanks
+        p++;
+    char* p_start = p;
+    while (*p != 0)                         // Find end of string
+        p++;
+    while (p > p_start && (p[-1] == ' ' || p[-1] == '\t'))  // Trailing blanks
+        p--;
+    if (p_start != buf)                     // Copy memory if we had leading blanks
+        memmove(buf, p_start, p - p_start);
+    buf[p - p_start] = 0;                   // Zero terminate
+}
+
+const char* ImStrSkipBlank(const char* str)
+{
+    while (str[0] == ' ' || str[0] == '\t')
+        str++;
+    return str;
+}
+
+// A) MSVC version appears to return -1 on overflow, whereas glibc appears to return total count (which may be >= buf_size).
+// Ideally we would test for only one of those limits at runtime depending on the behavior the vsnprintf(), but trying to deduct it at compile time sounds like a pandora can of worm.
+// B) When buf==NULL vsnprintf() will return the output size.
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS
+
+// We support stb_sprintf which is much faster (see: https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/stb_sprintf.h)
+// You may set IMGUI_USE_STB_SPRINTF to use our default wrapper, or set IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS
+// and setup the wrapper yourself. (FIXME-OPT: Some of our high-level operations such as ImGuiTextBuffer::appendfv() are
+// designed using two-passes worst case, which probably could be improved using the stbsp_vsprintfcb() function.)
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_STB_SPRINTF
+#define STB_SPRINTF_IMPLEMENTATION
+#ifdef IMGUI_STB_SPRINTF_FILENAME
+#include IMGUI_STB_SPRINTF_FILENAME
+#else
+#include "stb_sprintf.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(vsnprintf)
+#define vsnprintf _vsnprintf
+#endif
+
+int ImFormatString(char* buf, size_t buf_size, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_STB_SPRINTF
+    int w = stbsp_vsnprintf(buf, (int)buf_size, fmt, args);
+#else
+    int w = vsnprintf(buf, buf_size, fmt, args);
+#endif
+    va_end(args);
+    if (buf == NULL)
+        return w;
+    if (w == -1 || w >= (int)buf_size)
+        w = (int)buf_size - 1;
+    buf[w] = 0;
+    return w;
+}
+
+int ImFormatStringV(char* buf, size_t buf_size, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_STB_SPRINTF
+    int w = stbsp_vsnprintf(buf, (int)buf_size, fmt, args);
+#else
+    int w = vsnprintf(buf, buf_size, fmt, args);
+#endif
+    if (buf == NULL)
+        return w;
+    if (w == -1 || w >= (int)buf_size)
+        w = (int)buf_size - 1;
+    buf[w] = 0;
+    return w;
+}
+#endif // #ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS
+
+void ImFormatStringToTempBuffer(const char** out_buf, const char** out_buf_end, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    if (fmt[0] == '%' && fmt[1] == 's' && fmt[2] == 0)
+    {
+        const char* buf = va_arg(args, const char*); // Skip formatting when using "%s"
+        *out_buf = buf;
+        if (out_buf_end) { *out_buf_end = buf + strlen(buf); }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int buf_len = ImFormatStringV(g.TempBuffer.Data, g.TempBuffer.Size, fmt, args);
+        *out_buf = g.TempBuffer.Data;
+        if (out_buf_end) { *out_buf_end = g.TempBuffer.Data + buf_len; }
+    }
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ImFormatStringToTempBufferV(const char** out_buf, const char** out_buf_end, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (fmt[0] == '%' && fmt[1] == 's' && fmt[2] == 0)
+    {
+        const char* buf = va_arg(args, const char*); // Skip formatting when using "%s"
+        *out_buf = buf;
+        if (out_buf_end) { *out_buf_end = buf + strlen(buf); }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int buf_len = ImFormatStringV(g.TempBuffer.Data, g.TempBuffer.Size, fmt, args);
+        *out_buf = g.TempBuffer.Data;
+        if (out_buf_end) { *out_buf_end = g.TempBuffer.Data + buf_len; }
+    }
+}
+
+// CRC32 needs a 1KB lookup table (not cache friendly)
+// Although the code to generate the table is simple and shorter than the table itself, using a const table allows us to easily:
+// - avoid an unnecessary branch/memory tap, - keep the ImHashXXX functions usable by static constructors, - make it thread-safe.
+static const ImU32 GCrc32LookupTable[256] =
+{
+    0x00000000,0x77073096,0xEE0E612C,0x990951BA,0x076DC419,0x706AF48F,0xE963A535,0x9E6495A3,0x0EDB8832,0x79DCB8A4,0xE0D5E91E,0x97D2D988,0x09B64C2B,0x7EB17CBD,0xE7B82D07,0x90BF1D91,
+    0x1DB71064,0x6AB020F2,0xF3B97148,0x84BE41DE,0x1ADAD47D,0x6DDDE4EB,0xF4D4B551,0x83D385C7,0x136C9856,0x646BA8C0,0xFD62F97A,0x8A65C9EC,0x14015C4F,0x63066CD9,0xFA0F3D63,0x8D080DF5,
+    0x3B6E20C8,0x4C69105E,0xD56041E4,0xA2677172,0x3C03E4D1,0x4B04D447,0xD20D85FD,0xA50AB56B,0x35B5A8FA,0x42B2986C,0xDBBBC9D6,0xACBCF940,0x32D86CE3,0x45DF5C75,0xDCD60DCF,0xABD13D59,
+    0x26D930AC,0x51DE003A,0xC8D75180,0xBFD06116,0x21B4F4B5,0x56B3C423,0xCFBA9599,0xB8BDA50F,0x2802B89E,0x5F058808,0xC60CD9B2,0xB10BE924,0x2F6F7C87,0x58684C11,0xC1611DAB,0xB6662D3D,
+    0x76DC4190,0x01DB7106,0x98D220BC,0xEFD5102A,0x71B18589,0x06B6B51F,0x9FBFE4A5,0xE8B8D433,0x7807C9A2,0x0F00F934,0x9609A88E,0xE10E9818,0x7F6A0DBB,0x086D3D2D,0x91646C97,0xE6635C01,
+    0x6B6B51F4,0x1C6C6162,0x856530D8,0xF262004E,0x6C0695ED,0x1B01A57B,0x8208F4C1,0xF50FC457,0x65B0D9C6,0x12B7E950,0x8BBEB8EA,0xFCB9887C,0x62DD1DDF,0x15DA2D49,0x8CD37CF3,0xFBD44C65,
+    0x4DB26158,0x3AB551CE,0xA3BC0074,0xD4BB30E2,0x4ADFA541,0x3DD895D7,0xA4D1C46D,0xD3D6F4FB,0x4369E96A,0x346ED9FC,0xAD678846,0xDA60B8D0,0x44042D73,0x33031DE5,0xAA0A4C5F,0xDD0D7CC9,
+    0x5005713C,0x270241AA,0xBE0B1010,0xC90C2086,0x5768B525,0x206F85B3,0xB966D409,0xCE61E49F,0x5EDEF90E,0x29D9C998,0xB0D09822,0xC7D7A8B4,0x59B33D17,0x2EB40D81,0xB7BD5C3B,0xC0BA6CAD,
+    0xEDB88320,0x9ABFB3B6,0x03B6E20C,0x74B1D29A,0xEAD54739,0x9DD277AF,0x04DB2615,0x73DC1683,0xE3630B12,0x94643B84,0x0D6D6A3E,0x7A6A5AA8,0xE40ECF0B,0x9309FF9D,0x0A00AE27,0x7D079EB1,
+    0xF00F9344,0x8708A3D2,0x1E01F268,0x6906C2FE,0xF762575D,0x806567CB,0x196C3671,0x6E6B06E7,0xFED41B76,0x89D32BE0,0x10DA7A5A,0x67DD4ACC,0xF9B9DF6F,0x8EBEEFF9,0x17B7BE43,0x60B08ED5,
+    0xD6D6A3E8,0xA1D1937E,0x38D8C2C4,0x4FDFF252,0xD1BB67F1,0xA6BC5767,0x3FB506DD,0x48B2364B,0xD80D2BDA,0xAF0A1B4C,0x36034AF6,0x41047A60,0xDF60EFC3,0xA867DF55,0x316E8EEF,0x4669BE79,
+    0xCB61B38C,0xBC66831A,0x256FD2A0,0x5268E236,0xCC0C7795,0xBB0B4703,0x220216B9,0x5505262F,0xC5BA3BBE,0xB2BD0B28,0x2BB45A92,0x5CB36A04,0xC2D7FFA7,0xB5D0CF31,0x2CD99E8B,0x5BDEAE1D,
+    0x9B64C2B0,0xEC63F226,0x756AA39C,0x026D930A,0x9C0906A9,0xEB0E363F,0x72076785,0x05005713,0x95BF4A82,0xE2B87A14,0x7BB12BAE,0x0CB61B38,0x92D28E9B,0xE5D5BE0D,0x7CDCEFB7,0x0BDBDF21,
+    0x86D3D2D4,0xF1D4E242,0x68DDB3F8,0x1FDA836E,0x81BE16CD,0xF6B9265B,0x6FB077E1,0x18B74777,0x88085AE6,0xFF0F6A70,0x66063BCA,0x11010B5C,0x8F659EFF,0xF862AE69,0x616BFFD3,0x166CCF45,
+    0xA00AE278,0xD70DD2EE,0x4E048354,0x3903B3C2,0xA7672661,0xD06016F7,0x4969474D,0x3E6E77DB,0xAED16A4A,0xD9D65ADC,0x40DF0B66,0x37D83BF0,0xA9BCAE53,0xDEBB9EC5,0x47B2CF7F,0x30B5FFE9,
+    0xBDBDF21C,0xCABAC28A,0x53B39330,0x24B4A3A6,0xBAD03605,0xCDD70693,0x54DE5729,0x23D967BF,0xB3667A2E,0xC4614AB8,0x5D681B02,0x2A6F2B94,0xB40BBE37,0xC30C8EA1,0x5A05DF1B,0x2D02EF8D,
+};
+
+// Known size hash
+// It is ok to call ImHashData on a string with known length but the ### operator won't be supported.
+// FIXME-OPT: Replace with e.g. FNV1a hash? CRC32 pretty much randomly access 1KB. Need to do proper measurements.
+ImGuiID ImHashData(const void* data_p, size_t data_size, ImGuiID seed)
+{
+    ImU32 crc = ~seed;
+    const unsigned char* data = (const unsigned char*)data_p;
+    const ImU32* crc32_lut = GCrc32LookupTable;
+    while (data_size-- != 0)
+        crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crc32_lut[(crc & 0xFF) ^ *data++];
+    return ~crc;
+}
+
+// Zero-terminated string hash, with support for ### to reset back to seed value
+// We support a syntax of "label###id" where only "###id" is included in the hash, and only "label" gets displayed.
+// Because this syntax is rarely used we are optimizing for the common case.
+// - If we reach ### in the string we discard the hash so far and reset to the seed.
+// - We don't do 'current += 2; continue;' after handling ### to keep the code smaller/faster (measured ~10% diff in Debug build)
+// FIXME-OPT: Replace with e.g. FNV1a hash? CRC32 pretty much randomly access 1KB. Need to do proper measurements.
+ImGuiID ImHashStr(const char* data_p, size_t data_size, ImGuiID seed)
+{
+    seed = ~seed;
+    ImU32 crc = seed;
+    const unsigned char* data = (const unsigned char*)data_p;
+    const ImU32* crc32_lut = GCrc32LookupTable;
+    if (data_size != 0)
+    {
+        while (data_size-- != 0)
+        {
+            unsigned char c = *data++;
+            if (c == '#' && data_size >= 2 && data[0] == '#' && data[1] == '#')
+                crc = seed;
+            crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crc32_lut[(crc & 0xFF) ^ c];
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        while (unsigned char c = *data++)
+        {
+            if (c == '#' && data[0] == '#' && data[1] == '#')
+                crc = seed;
+            crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crc32_lut[(crc & 0xFF) ^ c];
+        }
+    }
+    return ~crc;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (File functions)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Default file functions
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS
+
+ImFileHandle ImFileOpen(const char* filename, const char* mode)
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) && !defined(__GNUC__)
+    // We need a fopen() wrapper because MSVC/Windows fopen doesn't handle UTF-8 filenames.
+    // Previously we used ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8/ImTextStrFromUtf8 here but we now need to support ImWchar16 and ImWchar32!
+    const int filename_wsize = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1, NULL, 0);
+    const int mode_wsize = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, mode, -1, NULL, 0);
+    ImVector<wchar_t> buf;
+    buf.resize(filename_wsize + mode_wsize);
+    ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1, (wchar_t*)&buf[0], filename_wsize);
+    ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, mode, -1, (wchar_t*)&buf[filename_wsize], mode_wsize);
+    return ::_wfopen((const wchar_t*)&buf[0], (const wchar_t*)&buf[filename_wsize]);
+#else
+    return fopen(filename, mode);
+#endif
+}
+
+// We should in theory be using fseeko()/ftello() with off_t and _fseeki64()/_ftelli64() with __int64, waiting for the PR that does that in a very portable pre-C++11 zero-warnings way.
+bool    ImFileClose(ImFileHandle f)     { return fclose(f) == 0; }
+ImU64   ImFileGetSize(ImFileHandle f)   { long off = 0, sz = 0; return ((off = ftell(f)) != -1 && !fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END) && (sz = ftell(f)) != -1 && !fseek(f, off, SEEK_SET)) ? (ImU64)sz : (ImU64)-1; }
+ImU64   ImFileRead(void* data, ImU64 sz, ImU64 count, ImFileHandle f)           { return fread(data, (size_t)sz, (size_t)count, f); }
+ImU64   ImFileWrite(const void* data, ImU64 sz, ImU64 count, ImFileHandle f)    { return fwrite(data, (size_t)sz, (size_t)count, f); }
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS
+
+// Helper: Load file content into memory
+// Memory allocated with IM_ALLOC(), must be freed by user using IM_FREE() == ImGui::MemFree()
+// This can't really be used with "rt" because fseek size won't match read size.
+void*   ImFileLoadToMemory(const char* filename, const char* mode, size_t* out_file_size, int padding_bytes)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(filename && mode);
+    if (out_file_size)
+        *out_file_size = 0;
+
+    ImFileHandle f;
+    if ((f = ImFileOpen(filename, mode)) == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    size_t file_size = (size_t)ImFileGetSize(f);
+    if (file_size == (size_t)-1)
+    {
+        ImFileClose(f);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    void* file_data = IM_ALLOC(file_size + padding_bytes);
+    if (file_data == NULL)
+    {
+        ImFileClose(f);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (ImFileRead(file_data, 1, file_size, f) != file_size)
+    {
+        ImFileClose(f);
+        IM_FREE(file_data);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (padding_bytes > 0)
+        memset((void*)(((char*)file_data) + file_size), 0, (size_t)padding_bytes);
+
+    ImFileClose(f);
+    if (out_file_size)
+        *out_file_size = file_size;
+
+    return file_data;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (ImText* functions)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+
+// Convert UTF-8 to 32-bit character, process single character input.
+// A nearly-branchless UTF-8 decoder, based on work of Christopher Wellons (https://github.com/skeeto/branchless-utf8).
+// We handle UTF-8 decoding error by skipping forward.
+int ImTextCharFromUtf8(unsigned int* out_char, const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end)
+{
+    static const char lengths[32] = { 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 0 };
+    static const int masks[]  = { 0x00, 0x7f, 0x1f, 0x0f, 0x07 };
+    static const uint32_t mins[] = { 0x400000, 0, 0x80, 0x800, 0x10000 };
+    static const int shiftc[] = { 0, 18, 12, 6, 0 };
+    static const int shifte[] = { 0, 6, 4, 2, 0 };
+    int len = lengths[*(const unsigned char*)in_text >> 3];
+    int wanted = len + (len ? 0 : 1);
+
+    if (in_text_end == NULL)
+        in_text_end = in_text + wanted; // Max length, nulls will be taken into account.
+
+    // Copy at most 'len' bytes, stop copying at 0 or past in_text_end. Branch predictor does a good job here,
+    // so it is fast even with excessive branching.
+    unsigned char s[4];
+    s[0] = in_text + 0 < in_text_end ? in_text[0] : 0;
+    s[1] = in_text + 1 < in_text_end ? in_text[1] : 0;
+    s[2] = in_text + 2 < in_text_end ? in_text[2] : 0;
+    s[3] = in_text + 3 < in_text_end ? in_text[3] : 0;
+
+    // Assume a four-byte character and load four bytes. Unused bits are shifted out.
+    *out_char  = (uint32_t)(s[0] & masks[len]) << 18;
+    *out_char |= (uint32_t)(s[1] & 0x3f) << 12;
+    *out_char |= (uint32_t)(s[2] & 0x3f) <<  6;
+    *out_char |= (uint32_t)(s[3] & 0x3f) <<  0;
+    *out_char >>= shiftc[len];
+
+    // Accumulate the various error conditions.
+    int e = 0;
+    e  = (*out_char < mins[len]) << 6; // non-canonical encoding
+    e |= ((*out_char >> 11) == 0x1b) << 7;  // surrogate half?
+    e |= (*out_char > IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX) << 8;  // out of range?
+    e |= (s[1] & 0xc0) >> 2;
+    e |= (s[2] & 0xc0) >> 4;
+    e |= (s[3]       ) >> 6;
+    e ^= 0x2a; // top two bits of each tail byte correct?
+    e >>= shifte[len];
+
+    if (e)
+    {
+        // No bytes are consumed when *in_text == 0 || in_text == in_text_end.
+        // One byte is consumed in case of invalid first byte of in_text.
+        // All available bytes (at most `len` bytes) are consumed on incomplete/invalid second to last bytes.
+        // Invalid or incomplete input may consume less bytes than wanted, therefore every byte has to be inspected in s.
+        wanted = ImMin(wanted, !!s[0] + !!s[1] + !!s[2] + !!s[3]);
+        *out_char = IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID;
+    }
+
+    return wanted;
+}
+
+int ImTextStrFromUtf8(ImWchar* buf, int buf_size, const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end, const char** in_text_remaining)
+{
+    ImWchar* buf_out = buf;
+    ImWchar* buf_end = buf + buf_size;
+    while (buf_out < buf_end - 1 && (!in_text_end || in_text < in_text_end) && *in_text)
+    {
+        unsigned int c;
+        in_text += ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, in_text, in_text_end);
+        *buf_out++ = (ImWchar)c;
+    }
+    *buf_out = 0;
+    if (in_text_remaining)
+        *in_text_remaining = in_text;
+    return (int)(buf_out - buf);
+}
+
+int ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8(const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end)
+{
+    int char_count = 0;
+    while ((!in_text_end || in_text < in_text_end) && *in_text)
+    {
+        unsigned int c;
+        in_text += ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, in_text, in_text_end);
+        char_count++;
+    }
+    return char_count;
+}
+
+// Based on stb_to_utf8() from github.com/nothings/stb/
+static inline int ImTextCharToUtf8_inline(char* buf, int buf_size, unsigned int c)
+{
+    if (c < 0x80)
+    {
+        buf[0] = (char)c;
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (c < 0x800)
+    {
+        if (buf_size < 2) return 0;
+        buf[0] = (char)(0xc0 + (c >> 6));
+        buf[1] = (char)(0x80 + (c & 0x3f));
+        return 2;
+    }
+    if (c < 0x10000)
+    {
+        if (buf_size < 3) return 0;
+        buf[0] = (char)(0xe0 + (c >> 12));
+        buf[1] = (char)(0x80 + ((c >> 6) & 0x3f));
+        buf[2] = (char)(0x80 + ((c ) & 0x3f));
+        return 3;
+    }
+    if (c <= 0x10FFFF)
+    {
+        if (buf_size < 4) return 0;
+        buf[0] = (char)(0xf0 + (c >> 18));
+        buf[1] = (char)(0x80 + ((c >> 12) & 0x3f));
+        buf[2] = (char)(0x80 + ((c >> 6) & 0x3f));
+        buf[3] = (char)(0x80 + ((c ) & 0x3f));
+        return 4;
+    }
+    // Invalid code point, the max unicode is 0x10FFFF
+    return 0;
+}
+
+const char* ImTextCharToUtf8(char out_buf[5], unsigned int c)
+{
+    int count = ImTextCharToUtf8_inline(out_buf, 5, c);
+    out_buf[count] = 0;
+    return out_buf;
+}
+
+// Not optimal but we very rarely use this function.
+int ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromChar(const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end)
+{
+    unsigned int unused = 0;
+    return ImTextCharFromUtf8(&unused, in_text, in_text_end);
+}
+
+static inline int ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromChar(unsigned int c)
+{
+    if (c < 0x80) return 1;
+    if (c < 0x800) return 2;
+    if (c < 0x10000) return 3;
+    if (c <= 0x10FFFF) return 4;
+    return 3;
+}
+
+int ImTextStrToUtf8(char* out_buf, int out_buf_size, const ImWchar* in_text, const ImWchar* in_text_end)
+{
+    char* buf_p = out_buf;
+    const char* buf_end = out_buf + out_buf_size;
+    while (buf_p < buf_end - 1 && (!in_text_end || in_text < in_text_end) && *in_text)
+    {
+        unsigned int c = (unsigned int)(*in_text++);
+        if (c < 0x80)
+            *buf_p++ = (char)c;
+        else
+            buf_p += ImTextCharToUtf8_inline(buf_p, (int)(buf_end - buf_p - 1), c);
+    }
+    *buf_p = 0;
+    return (int)(buf_p - out_buf);
+}
+
+int ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(const ImWchar* in_text, const ImWchar* in_text_end)
+{
+    int bytes_count = 0;
+    while ((!in_text_end || in_text < in_text_end) && *in_text)
+    {
+        unsigned int c = (unsigned int)(*in_text++);
+        if (c < 0x80)
+            bytes_count++;
+        else
+            bytes_count += ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromChar(c);
+    }
+    return bytes_count;
+}
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] MISC HELPERS/UTILITIES (Color functions)
+// Note: The Convert functions are early design which are not consistent with other API.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+IMGUI_API ImU32 ImAlphaBlendColors(ImU32 col_a, ImU32 col_b)
+{
+    float t = ((col_b >> IM_COL32_A_SHIFT) & 0xFF) / 255.f;
+    int r = ImLerp((int)(col_a >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFF, (int)(col_b >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFF, t);
+    int g = ImLerp((int)(col_a >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFF, (int)(col_b >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFF, t);
+    int b = ImLerp((int)(col_a >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFF, (int)(col_b >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFF, t);
+    return IM_COL32(r, g, b, 0xFF);
+}
+
+ImVec4 ImGui::ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(ImU32 in)
+{
+    float s = 1.0f / 255.0f;
+    return ImVec4(
+        ((in >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s,
+        ((in >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s,
+        ((in >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s,
+        ((in >> IM_COL32_A_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s);
+}
+
+ImU32 ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(const ImVec4& in)
+{
+    ImU32 out;
+    out  = ((ImU32)IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(in.x)) << IM_COL32_R_SHIFT;
+    out |= ((ImU32)IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(in.y)) << IM_COL32_G_SHIFT;
+    out |= ((ImU32)IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(in.z)) << IM_COL32_B_SHIFT;
+    out |= ((ImU32)IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(in.w)) << IM_COL32_A_SHIFT;
+    return out;
+}
+
+// Convert rgb floats ([0-1],[0-1],[0-1]) to hsv floats ([0-1],[0-1],[0-1]), from Foley & van Dam p592
+// Optimized http://lolengine.net/blog/2013/01/13/fast-rgb-to-hsv
+void ImGui::ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(float r, float g, float b, float& out_h, float& out_s, float& out_v)
+{
+    float K = 0.f;
+    if (g < b)
+    {
+        ImSwap(g, b);
+        K = -1.f;
+    }
+    if (r < g)
+    {
+        ImSwap(r, g);
+        K = -2.f / 6.f - K;
+    }
+
+    const float chroma = r - (g < b ? g : b);
+    out_h = ImFabs(K + (g - b) / (6.f * chroma + 1e-20f));
+    out_s = chroma / (r + 1e-20f);
+    out_v = r;
+}
+
+// Convert hsv floats ([0-1],[0-1],[0-1]) to rgb floats ([0-1],[0-1],[0-1]), from Foley & van Dam p593
+// also http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV
+void ImGui::ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(float h, float s, float v, float& out_r, float& out_g, float& out_b)
+{
+    if (s == 0.0f)
+    {
+        // gray
+        out_r = out_g = out_b = v;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    h = ImFmod(h, 1.0f) / (60.0f / 360.0f);
+    int   i = (int)h;
+    float f = h - (float)i;
+    float p = v * (1.0f - s);
+    float q = v * (1.0f - s * f);
+    float t = v * (1.0f - s * (1.0f - f));
+
+    switch (i)
+    {
+    case 0: out_r = v; out_g = t; out_b = p; break;
+    case 1: out_r = q; out_g = v; out_b = p; break;
+    case 2: out_r = p; out_g = v; out_b = t; break;
+    case 3: out_r = p; out_g = q; out_b = v; break;
+    case 4: out_r = t; out_g = p; out_b = v; break;
+    case 5: default: out_r = v; out_g = p; out_b = q; break;
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiStorage
+// Helper: Key->value storage
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// std::lower_bound but without the bullshit
+static ImGuiStorage::ImGuiStoragePair* LowerBound(ImVector<ImGuiStorage::ImGuiStoragePair>& data, ImGuiID key)
+{
+    ImGuiStorage::ImGuiStoragePair* first = data.Data;
+    ImGuiStorage::ImGuiStoragePair* last = data.Data + data.Size;
+    size_t count = (size_t)(last - first);
+    while (count > 0)
+    {
+        size_t count2 = count >> 1;
+        ImGuiStorage::ImGuiStoragePair* mid = first + count2;
+        if (mid->key < key)
+        {
+            first = ++mid;
+            count -= count2 + 1;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            count = count2;
+        }
+    }
+    return first;
+}
+
+// For quicker full rebuild of a storage (instead of an incremental one), you may add all your contents and then sort once.
+void ImGuiStorage::BuildSortByKey()
+{
+    struct StaticFunc
+    {
+        static int IMGUI_CDECL PairComparerByID(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+        {
+            // We can't just do a subtraction because qsort uses signed integers and subtracting our ID doesn't play well with that.
+            if (((const ImGuiStoragePair*)lhs)->key > ((const ImGuiStoragePair*)rhs)->key) return +1;
+            if (((const ImGuiStoragePair*)lhs)->key < ((const ImGuiStoragePair*)rhs)->key) return -1;
+            return 0;
+        }
+    };
+    ImQsort(Data.Data, (size_t)Data.Size, sizeof(ImGuiStoragePair), StaticFunc::PairComparerByID);
+}
+
+int ImGuiStorage::GetInt(ImGuiID key, int default_val) const
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(const_cast<ImVector<ImGuiStoragePair>&>(Data), key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+        return default_val;
+    return it->val_i;
+}
+
+bool ImGuiStorage::GetBool(ImGuiID key, bool default_val) const
+{
+    return GetInt(key, default_val ? 1 : 0) != 0;
+}
+
+float ImGuiStorage::GetFloat(ImGuiID key, float default_val) const
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(const_cast<ImVector<ImGuiStoragePair>&>(Data), key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+        return default_val;
+    return it->val_f;
+}
+
+void* ImGuiStorage::GetVoidPtr(ImGuiID key) const
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(const_cast<ImVector<ImGuiStoragePair>&>(Data), key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+        return NULL;
+    return it->val_p;
+}
+
+// References are only valid until a new value is added to the storage. Calling a Set***() function or a Get***Ref() function invalidates the pointer.
+int* ImGuiStorage::GetIntRef(ImGuiID key, int default_val)
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(Data, key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+        it = Data.insert(it, ImGuiStoragePair(key, default_val));
+    return &it->val_i;
+}
+
+bool* ImGuiStorage::GetBoolRef(ImGuiID key, bool default_val)
+{
+    return (bool*)GetIntRef(key, default_val ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+float* ImGuiStorage::GetFloatRef(ImGuiID key, float default_val)
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(Data, key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+        it = Data.insert(it, ImGuiStoragePair(key, default_val));
+    return &it->val_f;
+}
+
+void** ImGuiStorage::GetVoidPtrRef(ImGuiID key, void* default_val)
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(Data, key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+        it = Data.insert(it, ImGuiStoragePair(key, default_val));
+    return &it->val_p;
+}
+
+// FIXME-OPT: Need a way to reuse the result of lower_bound when doing GetInt()/SetInt() - not too bad because it only happens on explicit interaction (maximum one a frame)
+void ImGuiStorage::SetInt(ImGuiID key, int val)
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(Data, key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+    {
+        Data.insert(it, ImGuiStoragePair(key, val));
+        return;
+    }
+    it->val_i = val;
+}
+
+void ImGuiStorage::SetBool(ImGuiID key, bool val)
+{
+    SetInt(key, val ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+void ImGuiStorage::SetFloat(ImGuiID key, float val)
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(Data, key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+    {
+        Data.insert(it, ImGuiStoragePair(key, val));
+        return;
+    }
+    it->val_f = val;
+}
+
+void ImGuiStorage::SetVoidPtr(ImGuiID key, void* val)
+{
+    ImGuiStoragePair* it = LowerBound(Data, key);
+    if (it == Data.end() || it->key != key)
+    {
+        Data.insert(it, ImGuiStoragePair(key, val));
+        return;
+    }
+    it->val_p = val;
+}
+
+void ImGuiStorage::SetAllInt(int v)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < Data.Size; i++)
+        Data[i].val_i = v;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiTextFilter
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helper: Parse and apply text filters. In format "aaaaa[,bbbb][,ccccc]"
+ImGuiTextFilter::ImGuiTextFilter(const char* default_filter) //-V1077
+{
+    InputBuf[0] = 0;
+    CountGrep = 0;
+    if (default_filter)
+    {
+        ImStrncpy(InputBuf, default_filter, IM_ARRAYSIZE(InputBuf));
+        Build();
+    }
+}
+
+bool ImGuiTextFilter::Draw(const char* label, float width)
+{
+    if (width != 0.0f)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(width);
+    bool value_changed = ImGui::InputText(label, InputBuf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(InputBuf));
+    if (value_changed)
+        Build();
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+void ImGuiTextFilter::ImGuiTextRange::split(char separator, ImVector<ImGuiTextRange>* out) const
+{
+    out->resize(0);
+    const char* wb = b;
+    const char* we = wb;
+    while (we < e)
+    {
+        if (*we == separator)
+        {
+            out->push_back(ImGuiTextRange(wb, we));
+            wb = we + 1;
+        }
+        we++;
+    }
+    if (wb != we)
+        out->push_back(ImGuiTextRange(wb, we));
+}
+
+void ImGuiTextFilter::Build()
+{
+    Filters.resize(0);
+    ImGuiTextRange input_range(InputBuf, InputBuf + strlen(InputBuf));
+    input_range.split(',', &Filters);
+
+    CountGrep = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i != Filters.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTextRange& f = Filters[i];
+        while (f.b < f.e && ImCharIsBlankA(f.b[0]))
+            f.b++;
+        while (f.e > f.b && ImCharIsBlankA(f.e[-1]))
+            f.e--;
+        if (f.empty())
+            continue;
+        if (Filters[i].b[0] != '-')
+            CountGrep += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+bool ImGuiTextFilter::PassFilter(const char* text, const char* text_end) const
+{
+    if (Filters.empty())
+        return true;
+
+    if (text == NULL)
+        text = "";
+
+    for (int i = 0; i != Filters.Size; i++)
+    {
+        const ImGuiTextRange& f = Filters[i];
+        if (f.empty())
+            continue;
+        if (f.b[0] == '-')
+        {
+            // Subtract
+            if (ImStristr(text, text_end, f.b + 1, f.e) != NULL)
+                return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Grep
+            if (ImStristr(text, text_end, f.b, f.e) != NULL)
+                return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Implicit * grep
+    if (CountGrep == 0)
+        return true;
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiTextBuffer, ImGuiTextIndex
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// On some platform vsnprintf() takes va_list by reference and modifies it.
+// va_copy is the 'correct' way to copy a va_list but Visual Studio prior to 2013 doesn't have it.
+#ifndef va_copy
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define va_copy(dest, src) __builtin_va_copy(dest, src)
+#else
+#define va_copy(dest, src) (dest = src)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+char ImGuiTextBuffer::EmptyString[1] = { 0 };
+
+void ImGuiTextBuffer::append(const char* str, const char* str_end)
+{
+    int len = str_end ? (int)(str_end - str) : (int)strlen(str);
+
+    // Add zero-terminator the first time
+    const int write_off = (Buf.Size != 0) ? Buf.Size : 1;
+    const int needed_sz = write_off + len;
+    if (write_off + len >= Buf.Capacity)
+    {
+        int new_capacity = Buf.Capacity * 2;
+        Buf.reserve(needed_sz > new_capacity ? needed_sz : new_capacity);
+    }
+
+    Buf.resize(needed_sz);
+    memcpy(&Buf[write_off - 1], str, (size_t)len);
+    Buf[write_off - 1 + len] = 0;
+}
+
+void ImGuiTextBuffer::appendf(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    appendfv(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+// Helper: Text buffer for logging/accumulating text
+void ImGuiTextBuffer::appendfv(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    va_list args_copy;
+    va_copy(args_copy, args);
+
+    int len = ImFormatStringV(NULL, 0, fmt, args);         // FIXME-OPT: could do a first pass write attempt, likely successful on first pass.
+    if (len <= 0)
+    {
+        va_end(args_copy);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Add zero-terminator the first time
+    const int write_off = (Buf.Size != 0) ? Buf.Size : 1;
+    const int needed_sz = write_off + len;
+    if (write_off + len >= Buf.Capacity)
+    {
+        int new_capacity = Buf.Capacity * 2;
+        Buf.reserve(needed_sz > new_capacity ? needed_sz : new_capacity);
+    }
+
+    Buf.resize(needed_sz);
+    ImFormatStringV(&Buf[write_off - 1], (size_t)len + 1, fmt, args_copy);
+    va_end(args_copy);
+}
+
+void ImGuiTextIndex::append(const char* base, int old_size, int new_size)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(old_size >= 0 && new_size >= old_size && new_size >= EndOffset);
+    if (old_size == new_size)
+        return;
+    if (EndOffset == 0 || base[EndOffset - 1] == '\n')
+        LineOffsets.push_back(EndOffset);
+    const char* base_end = base + new_size;
+    for (const char* p = base + old_size; (p = (const char*)memchr(p, '\n', base_end - p)) != 0; )
+        if (++p < base_end) // Don't push a trailing offset on last \n
+            LineOffsets.push_back((int)(intptr_t)(p - base));
+    EndOffset = ImMax(EndOffset, new_size);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiListClipper
+// This is currently not as flexible/powerful as it should be and really confusing/spaghetti, mostly because we changed
+// the API mid-way through development and support two ways to using the clipper, needs some rework (see TODO)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FIXME-TABLE: This prevents us from using ImGuiListClipper _inside_ a table cell.
+// The problem we have is that without a Begin/End scheme for rows using the clipper is ambiguous.
+static bool GetSkipItemForListClipping()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (g.CurrentTable ? g.CurrentTable->HostSkipItems : g.CurrentWindow->SkipItems);
+}
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+// Legacy helper to calculate coarse clipping of large list of evenly sized items.
+// This legacy API is not ideal because it assumes we will return a single contiguous rectangle.
+// Prefer using ImGuiListClipper which can returns non-contiguous ranges.
+void ImGui::CalcListClipping(int items_count, float items_height, int* out_items_display_start, int* out_items_display_end)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+    {
+        // If logging is active, do not perform any clipping
+        *out_items_display_start = 0;
+        *out_items_display_end = items_count;
+        return;
+    }
+    if (GetSkipItemForListClipping())
+    {
+        *out_items_display_start = *out_items_display_end = 0;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // We create the union of the ClipRect and the scoring rect which at worst should be 1 page away from ClipRect
+    // We don't include g.NavId's rectangle in there (unless g.NavJustMovedToId is set) because the rectangle enlargement can get costly.
+    ImRect rect = window->ClipRect;
+    if (g.NavMoveScoringItems)
+        rect.Add(g.NavScoringNoClipRect);
+    if (g.NavJustMovedToId && window->NavLastIds[0] == g.NavJustMovedToId)
+        rect.Add(WindowRectRelToAbs(window, window->NavRectRel[0])); // Could store and use NavJustMovedToRectRel
+
+    const ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    int start = (int)((rect.Min.y - pos.y) / items_height);
+    int end = (int)((rect.Max.y - pos.y) / items_height);
+
+    // When performing a navigation request, ensure we have one item extra in the direction we are moving to
+    // FIXME: Verify this works with tabbing
+    const bool is_nav_request = (g.NavMoveScoringItems && g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow->RootWindowForNav == window->RootWindowForNav);
+    if (is_nav_request && g.NavMoveClipDir == ImGuiDir_Up)
+        start--;
+    if (is_nav_request && g.NavMoveClipDir == ImGuiDir_Down)
+        end++;
+
+    start = ImClamp(start, 0, items_count);
+    end = ImClamp(end + 1, start, items_count);
+    *out_items_display_start = start;
+    *out_items_display_end = end;
+}
+#endif
+
+static void ImGuiListClipper_SortAndFuseRanges(ImVector<ImGuiListClipperRange>& ranges, int offset = 0)
+{
+    if (ranges.Size - offset <= 1)
+        return;
+
+    // Helper to order ranges and fuse them together if possible (bubble sort is fine as we are only sorting 2-3 entries)
+    for (int sort_end = ranges.Size - offset - 1; sort_end > 0; --sort_end)
+        for (int i = offset; i < sort_end + offset; ++i)
+            if (ranges[i].Min > ranges[i + 1].Min)
+                ImSwap(ranges[i], ranges[i + 1]);
+
+    // Now fuse ranges together as much as possible.
+    for (int i = 1 + offset; i < ranges.Size; i++)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(!ranges[i].PosToIndexConvert && !ranges[i - 1].PosToIndexConvert);
+        if (ranges[i - 1].Max < ranges[i].Min)
+            continue;
+        ranges[i - 1].Min = ImMin(ranges[i - 1].Min, ranges[i].Min);
+        ranges[i - 1].Max = ImMax(ranges[i - 1].Max, ranges[i].Max);
+        ranges.erase(ranges.Data + i);
+        i--;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGuiListClipper_SeekCursorAndSetupPrevLine(float pos_y, float line_height)
+{
+    // Set cursor position and a few other things so that SetScrollHereY() and Columns() can work when seeking cursor.
+    // FIXME: It is problematic that we have to do that here, because custom/equivalent end-user code would stumble on the same issue.
+    // The clipper should probably have a final step to display the last item in a regular manner, maybe with an opt-out flag for data sets which may have costly seek?
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    float off_y = pos_y - window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y = pos_y;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y, pos_y - g.Style.ItemSpacing.y);
+    window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.y = window->DC.CursorPos.y - line_height;  // Setting those fields so that SetScrollHereY() can properly function after the end of our clipper usage.
+    window->DC.PrevLineSize.y = (line_height - g.Style.ItemSpacing.y);      // If we end up needing more accurate data (to e.g. use SameLine) we may as well make the clipper have a fourth step to let user process and display the last item in their list.
+    if (ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns)
+        columns->LineMinY = window->DC.CursorPos.y;                         // Setting this so that cell Y position are set properly
+    if (ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable)
+    {
+        if (table->IsInsideRow)
+            ImGui::TableEndRow(table);
+        table->RowPosY2 = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+        const int row_increase = (int)((off_y / line_height) + 0.5f);
+        //table->CurrentRow += row_increase; // Can't do without fixing TableEndRow()
+        table->RowBgColorCounter += row_increase;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGuiListClipper_SeekCursorForItem(ImGuiListClipper* clipper, int item_n)
+{
+    // StartPosY starts from ItemsFrozen hence the subtraction
+    // Perform the add and multiply with double to allow seeking through larger ranges
+    ImGuiListClipperData* data = (ImGuiListClipperData*)clipper->TempData;
+    float pos_y = (float)((double)clipper->StartPosY + data->LossynessOffset + (double)(item_n - data->ItemsFrozen) * clipper->ItemsHeight);
+    ImGuiListClipper_SeekCursorAndSetupPrevLine(pos_y, clipper->ItemsHeight);
+}
+
+ImGuiListClipper::ImGuiListClipper()
+{
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    Ctx = ImGui::GetCurrentContext();
+    IM_ASSERT(Ctx != NULL);
+    ItemsCount = -1;
+}
+
+ImGuiListClipper::~ImGuiListClipper()
+{
+    End();
+}
+
+void ImGuiListClipper::Begin(int items_count, float items_height)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_CLIPPER("Clipper: Begin(%d,%.2f) in '%s'\n", items_count, items_height, window->Name);
+
+    if (ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable)
+        if (table->IsInsideRow)
+            ImGui::TableEndRow(table);
+
+    StartPosY = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+    ItemsHeight = items_height;
+    ItemsCount = items_count;
+    DisplayStart = -1;
+    DisplayEnd = 0;
+
+    // Acquire temporary buffer
+    if (++g.ClipperTempDataStacked > g.ClipperTempData.Size)
+        g.ClipperTempData.resize(g.ClipperTempDataStacked, ImGuiListClipperData());
+    ImGuiListClipperData* data = &g.ClipperTempData[g.ClipperTempDataStacked - 1];
+    data->Reset(this);
+    data->LossynessOffset = window->DC.CursorStartPosLossyness.y;
+    TempData = data;
+}
+
+void ImGuiListClipper::End()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    if (ImGuiListClipperData* data = (ImGuiListClipperData*)TempData)
+    {
+        // In theory here we should assert that we are already at the right position, but it seems saner to just seek at the end and not assert/crash the user.
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_CLIPPER("Clipper: End() in '%s'\n", g.CurrentWindow->Name);
+        if (ItemsCount >= 0 && ItemsCount < INT_MAX && DisplayStart >= 0)
+            ImGuiListClipper_SeekCursorForItem(this, ItemsCount);
+
+        // Restore temporary buffer and fix back pointers which may be invalidated when nesting
+        IM_ASSERT(data->ListClipper == this);
+        data->StepNo = data->Ranges.Size;
+        if (--g.ClipperTempDataStacked > 0)
+        {
+            data = &g.ClipperTempData[g.ClipperTempDataStacked - 1];
+            data->ListClipper->TempData = data;
+        }
+        TempData = NULL;
+    }
+    ItemsCount = -1;
+}
+
+void ImGuiListClipper::ForceDisplayRangeByIndices(int item_min, int item_max)
+{
+    ImGuiListClipperData* data = (ImGuiListClipperData*)TempData;
+    IM_ASSERT(DisplayStart < 0); // Only allowed after Begin() and if there has not been a specified range yet.
+    IM_ASSERT(item_min <= item_max);
+    if (item_min < item_max)
+        data->Ranges.push_back(ImGuiListClipperRange::FromIndices(item_min, item_max));
+}
+
+static bool ImGuiListClipper_StepInternal(ImGuiListClipper* clipper)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *clipper->Ctx;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiListClipperData* data = (ImGuiListClipperData*)clipper->TempData;
+    IM_ASSERT(data != NULL && "Called ImGuiListClipper::Step() too many times, or before ImGuiListClipper::Begin() ?");
+
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (table && table->IsInsideRow)
+        ImGui::TableEndRow(table);
+
+    // No items
+    if (clipper->ItemsCount == 0 || GetSkipItemForListClipping())
+        return false;
+
+    // While we are in frozen row state, keep displaying items one by one, unclipped
+    // FIXME: Could be stored as a table-agnostic state.
+    if (data->StepNo == 0 && table != NULL && !table->IsUnfrozenRows)
+    {
+        clipper->DisplayStart = data->ItemsFrozen;
+        clipper->DisplayEnd = ImMin(data->ItemsFrozen + 1, clipper->ItemsCount);
+        if (clipper->DisplayStart < clipper->DisplayEnd)
+            data->ItemsFrozen++;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Step 0: Let you process the first element (regardless of it being visible or not, so we can measure the element height)
+    bool calc_clipping = false;
+    if (data->StepNo == 0)
+    {
+        clipper->StartPosY = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+        if (clipper->ItemsHeight <= 0.0f)
+        {
+            // Submit the first item (or range) so we can measure its height (generally the first range is 0..1)
+            data->Ranges.push_front(ImGuiListClipperRange::FromIndices(data->ItemsFrozen, data->ItemsFrozen + 1));
+            clipper->DisplayStart = ImMax(data->Ranges[0].Min, data->ItemsFrozen);
+            clipper->DisplayEnd = ImMin(data->Ranges[0].Max, clipper->ItemsCount);
+            data->StepNo = 1;
+            return true;
+        }
+        calc_clipping = true;   // If on the first step with known item height, calculate clipping.
+    }
+
+    // Step 1: Let the clipper infer height from first range
+    if (clipper->ItemsHeight <= 0.0f)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(data->StepNo == 1);
+        if (table)
+            IM_ASSERT(table->RowPosY1 == clipper->StartPosY && table->RowPosY2 == window->DC.CursorPos.y);
+
+        clipper->ItemsHeight = (window->DC.CursorPos.y - clipper->StartPosY) / (float)(clipper->DisplayEnd - clipper->DisplayStart);
+        bool affected_by_floating_point_precision = ImIsFloatAboveGuaranteedIntegerPrecision(clipper->StartPosY) || ImIsFloatAboveGuaranteedIntegerPrecision(window->DC.CursorPos.y);
+        if (affected_by_floating_point_precision)
+            clipper->ItemsHeight = window->DC.PrevLineSize.y + g.Style.ItemSpacing.y; // FIXME: Technically wouldn't allow multi-line entries.
+
+        IM_ASSERT(clipper->ItemsHeight > 0.0f && "Unable to calculate item height! First item hasn't moved the cursor vertically!");
+        calc_clipping = true;   // If item height had to be calculated, calculate clipping afterwards.
+    }
+
+    // Step 0 or 1: Calculate the actual ranges of visible elements.
+    const int already_submitted = clipper->DisplayEnd;
+    if (calc_clipping)
+    {
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+        {
+            // If logging is active, do not perform any clipping
+            data->Ranges.push_back(ImGuiListClipperRange::FromIndices(0, clipper->ItemsCount));
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Add range selected to be included for navigation
+            const bool is_nav_request = (g.NavMoveScoringItems && g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow->RootWindowForNav == window->RootWindowForNav);
+            if (is_nav_request)
+                data->Ranges.push_back(ImGuiListClipperRange::FromPositions(g.NavScoringNoClipRect.Min.y, g.NavScoringNoClipRect.Max.y, 0, 0));
+            if (is_nav_request && (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing) && g.NavTabbingDir == -1)
+                data->Ranges.push_back(ImGuiListClipperRange::FromIndices(clipper->ItemsCount - 1, clipper->ItemsCount));
+
+            // Add focused/active item
+            ImRect nav_rect_abs = ImGui::WindowRectRelToAbs(window, window->NavRectRel[0]);
+            if (g.NavId != 0 && window->NavLastIds[0] == g.NavId)
+                data->Ranges.push_back(ImGuiListClipperRange::FromPositions(nav_rect_abs.Min.y, nav_rect_abs.Max.y, 0, 0));
+
+            // Add visible range
+            const int off_min = (is_nav_request && g.NavMoveClipDir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? -1 : 0;
+            const int off_max = (is_nav_request && g.NavMoveClipDir == ImGuiDir_Down) ? 1 : 0;
+            data->Ranges.push_back(ImGuiListClipperRange::FromPositions(window->ClipRect.Min.y, window->ClipRect.Max.y, off_min, off_max));
+        }
+
+        // Convert position ranges to item index ranges
+        // - Very important: when a starting position is after our maximum item, we set Min to (ItemsCount - 1). This allows us to handle most forms of wrapping.
+        // - Due to how Selectable extra padding they tend to be "unaligned" with exact unit in the item list,
+        //   which with the flooring/ceiling tend to lead to 2 items instead of one being submitted.
+        for (int i = 0; i < data->Ranges.Size; i++)
+            if (data->Ranges[i].PosToIndexConvert)
+            {
+                int m1 = (int)(((double)data->Ranges[i].Min - window->DC.CursorPos.y - data->LossynessOffset) / clipper->ItemsHeight);
+                int m2 = (int)((((double)data->Ranges[i].Max - window->DC.CursorPos.y - data->LossynessOffset) / clipper->ItemsHeight) + 0.999999f);
+                data->Ranges[i].Min = ImClamp(already_submitted + m1 + data->Ranges[i].PosToIndexOffsetMin, already_submitted, clipper->ItemsCount - 1);
+                data->Ranges[i].Max = ImClamp(already_submitted + m2 + data->Ranges[i].PosToIndexOffsetMax, data->Ranges[i].Min + 1, clipper->ItemsCount);
+                data->Ranges[i].PosToIndexConvert = false;
+            }
+        ImGuiListClipper_SortAndFuseRanges(data->Ranges, data->StepNo);
+    }
+
+    // Step 0+ (if item height is given in advance) or 1+: Display the next range in line.
+    if (data->StepNo < data->Ranges.Size)
+    {
+        clipper->DisplayStart = ImMax(data->Ranges[data->StepNo].Min, already_submitted);
+        clipper->DisplayEnd = ImMin(data->Ranges[data->StepNo].Max, clipper->ItemsCount);
+        if (clipper->DisplayStart > already_submitted) //-V1051
+            ImGuiListClipper_SeekCursorForItem(clipper, clipper->DisplayStart);
+        data->StepNo++;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // After the last step: Let the clipper validate that we have reached the expected Y position (corresponding to element DisplayEnd),
+    // Advance the cursor to the end of the list and then returns 'false' to end the loop.
+    if (clipper->ItemsCount < INT_MAX)
+        ImGuiListClipper_SeekCursorForItem(clipper, clipper->ItemsCount);
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ImGuiListClipper::Step()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    bool need_items_height = (ItemsHeight <= 0.0f);
+    bool ret = ImGuiListClipper_StepInternal(this);
+    if (ret && (DisplayStart == DisplayEnd))
+        ret = false;
+    if (g.CurrentTable && g.CurrentTable->IsUnfrozenRows == false)
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_CLIPPER("Clipper: Step(): inside frozen table row.\n");
+    if (need_items_height && ItemsHeight > 0.0f)
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_CLIPPER("Clipper: Step(): computed ItemsHeight: %.2f.\n", ItemsHeight);
+    if (ret)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_CLIPPER("Clipper: Step(): display %d to %d.\n", DisplayStart, DisplayEnd);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_CLIPPER("Clipper: Step(): End.\n");
+        End();
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] STYLING
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImGuiStyle& ImGui::GetStyle()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(GImGui != NULL && "No current context. Did you call ImGui::CreateContext() and ImGui::SetCurrentContext() ?");
+    return GImGui->Style;
+}
+
+ImU32 ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol idx, float alpha_mul)
+{
+    ImGuiStyle& style = GImGui->Style;
+    ImVec4 c = style.Colors[idx];
+    c.w *= style.Alpha * alpha_mul;
+    return ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(c);
+}
+
+ImU32 ImGui::GetColorU32(const ImVec4& col)
+{
+    ImGuiStyle& style = GImGui->Style;
+    ImVec4 c = col;
+    c.w *= style.Alpha;
+    return ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(c);
+}
+
+const ImVec4& ImGui::GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol idx)
+{
+    ImGuiStyle& style = GImGui->Style;
+    return style.Colors[idx];
+}
+
+ImU32 ImGui::GetColorU32(ImU32 col)
+{
+    ImGuiStyle& style = GImGui->Style;
+    if (style.Alpha >= 1.0f)
+        return col;
+    ImU32 a = (col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) >> IM_COL32_A_SHIFT;
+    a = (ImU32)(a * style.Alpha); // We don't need to clamp 0..255 because Style.Alpha is in 0..1 range.
+    return (col & ~IM_COL32_A_MASK) | (a << IM_COL32_A_SHIFT);
+}
+
+// FIXME: This may incur a round-trip (if the end user got their data from a float4) but eventually we aim to store the in-flight colors as ImU32
+void ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol idx, ImU32 col)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiColorMod backup;
+    backup.Col = idx;
+    backup.BackupValue = g.Style.Colors[idx];
+    g.ColorStack.push_back(backup);
+    g.Style.Colors[idx] = ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(col);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol idx, const ImVec4& col)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiColorMod backup;
+    backup.Col = idx;
+    backup.BackupValue = g.Style.Colors[idx];
+    g.ColorStack.push_back(backup);
+    g.Style.Colors[idx] = col;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopStyleColor(int count)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ColorStack.Size < count)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(g.ColorStack.Size > count, "Calling PopStyleColor() too many times: stack underflow.");
+        count = g.ColorStack.Size;
+    }
+    while (count > 0)
+    {
+        ImGuiColorMod& backup = g.ColorStack.back();
+        g.Style.Colors[backup.Col] = backup.BackupValue;
+        g.ColorStack.pop_back();
+        count--;
+    }
+}
+
+static const ImGuiCol GWindowDockStyleColors[ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT] =
+{
+    ImGuiCol_Text, ImGuiCol_Tab, ImGuiCol_TabHovered, ImGuiCol_TabActive, ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused, ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive
+};
+
+static const ImGuiDataVarInfo GStyleVarInfo[] =
+{
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, Alpha) },               // ImGuiStyleVar_Alpha
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, DisabledAlpha) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_DisabledAlpha
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, WindowPadding) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, WindowRounding) },      // ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, WindowBorderSize) },    // ImGuiStyleVar_WindowBorderSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, WindowMinSize) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_WindowMinSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, WindowTitleAlign) },    // ImGuiStyleVar_WindowTitleAlign
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, ChildRounding) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, ChildBorderSize) },     // ImGuiStyleVar_ChildBorderSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, PopupRounding) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_PopupRounding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, PopupBorderSize) },     // ImGuiStyleVar_PopupBorderSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, FramePadding) },        // ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, FrameRounding) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_FrameRounding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, FrameBorderSize) },     // ImGuiStyleVar_FrameBorderSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, ItemSpacing) },         // ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, ItemInnerSpacing) },    // ImGuiStyleVar_ItemInnerSpacing
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, IndentSpacing) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_IndentSpacing
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, CellPadding) },         // ImGuiStyleVar_CellPadding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, ScrollbarSize) },       // ImGuiStyleVar_ScrollbarSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, ScrollbarRounding) },   // ImGuiStyleVar_ScrollbarRounding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, GrabMinSize) },         // ImGuiStyleVar_GrabMinSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, GrabRounding) },        // ImGuiStyleVar_GrabRounding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, TabRounding) },         // ImGuiStyleVar_TabRounding
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, ButtonTextAlign) },     // ImGuiStyleVar_ButtonTextAlign
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, SelectableTextAlign) }, // ImGuiStyleVar_SelectableTextAlign
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 1, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, SeparatorTextBorderSize) },// ImGuiStyleVar_SeparatorTextBorderSize
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, SeparatorTextAlign) },     // ImGuiStyleVar_SeparatorTextAlign
+    { ImGuiDataType_Float, 2, (ImU32)IM_OFFSETOF(ImGuiStyle, SeparatorTextPadding) },   // ImGuiStyleVar_SeparatorTextPadding
+};
+
+const ImGuiDataVarInfo* ImGui::GetStyleVarInfo(ImGuiStyleVar idx)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(idx >= 0 && idx < ImGuiStyleVar_COUNT);
+    IM_STATIC_ASSERT(IM_ARRAYSIZE(GStyleVarInfo) == ImGuiStyleVar_COUNT);
+    return &GStyleVarInfo[idx];
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar idx, float val)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiDataVarInfo* var_info = GetStyleVarInfo(idx);
+    if (var_info->Type == ImGuiDataType_Float && var_info->Count == 1)
+    {
+        float* pvar = (float*)var_info->GetVarPtr(&g.Style);
+        g.StyleVarStack.push_back(ImGuiStyleMod(idx, *pvar));
+        *pvar = val;
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(0, "Called PushStyleVar() variant with wrong type!");
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar idx, const ImVec2& val)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiDataVarInfo* var_info = GetStyleVarInfo(idx);
+    if (var_info->Type == ImGuiDataType_Float && var_info->Count == 2)
+    {
+        ImVec2* pvar = (ImVec2*)var_info->GetVarPtr(&g.Style);
+        g.StyleVarStack.push_back(ImGuiStyleMod(idx, *pvar));
+        *pvar = val;
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(0, "Called PushStyleVar() variant with wrong type!");
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopStyleVar(int count)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.StyleVarStack.Size < count)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(g.StyleVarStack.Size > count, "Calling PopStyleVar() too many times: stack underflow.");
+        count = g.StyleVarStack.Size;
+    }
+    while (count > 0)
+    {
+        // We avoid a generic memcpy(data, &backup.Backup.., GDataTypeSize[info->Type] * info->Count), the overhead in Debug is not worth it.
+        ImGuiStyleMod& backup = g.StyleVarStack.back();
+        const ImGuiDataVarInfo* info = GetStyleVarInfo(backup.VarIdx);
+        void* data = info->GetVarPtr(&g.Style);
+        if (info->Type == ImGuiDataType_Float && info->Count == 1)      { ((float*)data)[0] = backup.BackupFloat[0]; }
+        else if (info->Type == ImGuiDataType_Float && info->Count == 2) { ((float*)data)[0] = backup.BackupFloat[0]; ((float*)data)[1] = backup.BackupFloat[1]; }
+        g.StyleVarStack.pop_back();
+        count--;
+    }
+}
+
+const char* ImGui::GetStyleColorName(ImGuiCol idx)
+{
+    // Create switch-case from enum with regexp: ImGuiCol_{.*}, --> case ImGuiCol_\1: return "\1";
+    switch (idx)
+    {
+    case ImGuiCol_Text: return "Text";
+    case ImGuiCol_TextDisabled: return "TextDisabled";
+    case ImGuiCol_WindowBg: return "WindowBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_ChildBg: return "ChildBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_PopupBg: return "PopupBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_Border: return "Border";
+    case ImGuiCol_BorderShadow: return "BorderShadow";
+    case ImGuiCol_FrameBg: return "FrameBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered: return "FrameBgHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive: return "FrameBgActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_TitleBg: return "TitleBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive: return "TitleBgActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed: return "TitleBgCollapsed";
+    case ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg: return "MenuBarBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg: return "ScrollbarBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab: return "ScrollbarGrab";
+    case ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered: return "ScrollbarGrabHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive: return "ScrollbarGrabActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_CheckMark: return "CheckMark";
+    case ImGuiCol_SliderGrab: return "SliderGrab";
+    case ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive: return "SliderGrabActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_Button: return "Button";
+    case ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered: return "ButtonHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_ButtonActive: return "ButtonActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_Header: return "Header";
+    case ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered: return "HeaderHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_HeaderActive: return "HeaderActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_Separator: return "Separator";
+    case ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered: return "SeparatorHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive: return "SeparatorActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip: return "ResizeGrip";
+    case ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered: return "ResizeGripHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive: return "ResizeGripActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_Tab: return "Tab";
+    case ImGuiCol_TabHovered: return "TabHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_TabActive: return "TabActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused: return "TabUnfocused";
+    case ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive: return "TabUnfocusedActive";
+    case ImGuiCol_DockingPreview: return "DockingPreview";
+    case ImGuiCol_DockingEmptyBg: return "DockingEmptyBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_PlotLines: return "PlotLines";
+    case ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered: return "PlotLinesHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram: return "PlotHistogram";
+    case ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered: return "PlotHistogramHovered";
+    case ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg: return "TableHeaderBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong: return "TableBorderStrong";
+    case ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight: return "TableBorderLight";
+    case ImGuiCol_TableRowBg: return "TableRowBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt: return "TableRowBgAlt";
+    case ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg: return "TextSelectedBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget: return "DragDropTarget";
+    case ImGuiCol_NavHighlight: return "NavHighlight";
+    case ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight: return "NavWindowingHighlight";
+    case ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg: return "NavWindowingDimBg";
+    case ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg: return "ModalWindowDimBg";
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return "Unknown";
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] RENDER HELPERS
+// Some of those (internal) functions are currently quite a legacy mess - their signature and behavior will change,
+// we need a nicer separation between low-level functions and high-level functions relying on the ImGui context.
+// Also see imgui_draw.cpp for some more which have been reworked to not rely on ImGui:: context.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const char* ImGui::FindRenderedTextEnd(const char* text, const char* text_end)
+{
+    const char* text_display_end = text;
+    if (!text_end)
+        text_end = (const char*)-1;
+
+    while (text_display_end < text_end && *text_display_end != '\0' && (text_display_end[0] != '#' || text_display_end[1] != '#'))
+        text_display_end++;
+    return text_display_end;
+}
+
+// Internal ImGui functions to render text
+// RenderText***() functions calls ImDrawList::AddText() calls ImBitmapFont::RenderText()
+void ImGui::RenderText(ImVec2 pos, const char* text, const char* text_end, bool hide_text_after_hash)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    // Hide anything after a '##' string
+    const char* text_display_end;
+    if (hide_text_after_hash)
+    {
+        text_display_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(text, text_end);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (!text_end)
+            text_end = text + strlen(text); // FIXME-OPT
+        text_display_end = text_end;
+    }
+
+    if (text != text_display_end)
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddText(g.Font, g.FontSize, pos, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), text, text_display_end);
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogRenderedText(&pos, text, text_display_end);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderTextWrapped(ImVec2 pos, const char* text, const char* text_end, float wrap_width)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    if (!text_end)
+        text_end = text + strlen(text); // FIXME-OPT
+
+    if (text != text_end)
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddText(g.Font, g.FontSize, pos, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), text, text_end, wrap_width);
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogRenderedText(&pos, text, text_end);
+    }
+}
+
+// Default clip_rect uses (pos_min,pos_max)
+// Handle clipping on CPU immediately (vs typically let the GPU clip the triangles that are overlapping the clipping rectangle edges)
+// FIXME-OPT: Since we have or calculate text_size we could coarse clip whole block immediately, especally for text above draw_list->DrawList.
+// Effectively as this is called from widget doing their own coarse clipping it's not very valuable presently. Next time function will take
+// better advantage of the render function taking size into account for coarse clipping.
+void ImGui::RenderTextClippedEx(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImVec2& pos_min, const ImVec2& pos_max, const char* text, const char* text_display_end, const ImVec2* text_size_if_known, const ImVec2& align, const ImRect* clip_rect)
+{
+    // Perform CPU side clipping for single clipped element to avoid using scissor state
+    ImVec2 pos = pos_min;
+    const ImVec2 text_size = text_size_if_known ? *text_size_if_known : CalcTextSize(text, text_display_end, false, 0.0f);
+
+    const ImVec2* clip_min = clip_rect ? &clip_rect->Min : &pos_min;
+    const ImVec2* clip_max = clip_rect ? &clip_rect->Max : &pos_max;
+    bool need_clipping = (pos.x + text_size.x >= clip_max->x) || (pos.y + text_size.y >= clip_max->y);
+    if (clip_rect) // If we had no explicit clipping rectangle then pos==clip_min
+        need_clipping |= (pos.x < clip_min->x) || (pos.y < clip_min->y);
+
+    // Align whole block. We should defer that to the better rendering function when we'll have support for individual line alignment.
+    if (align.x > 0.0f) pos.x = ImMax(pos.x, pos.x + (pos_max.x - pos.x - text_size.x) * align.x);
+    if (align.y > 0.0f) pos.y = ImMax(pos.y, pos.y + (pos_max.y - pos.y - text_size.y) * align.y);
+
+    // Render
+    if (need_clipping)
+    {
+        ImVec4 fine_clip_rect(clip_min->x, clip_min->y, clip_max->x, clip_max->y);
+        draw_list->AddText(NULL, 0.0f, pos, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), text, text_display_end, 0.0f, &fine_clip_rect);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        draw_list->AddText(NULL, 0.0f, pos, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), text, text_display_end, 0.0f, NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderTextClipped(const ImVec2& pos_min, const ImVec2& pos_max, const char* text, const char* text_end, const ImVec2* text_size_if_known, const ImVec2& align, const ImRect* clip_rect)
+{
+    // Hide anything after a '##' string
+    const char* text_display_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(text, text_end);
+    const int text_len = (int)(text_display_end - text);
+    if (text_len == 0)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    RenderTextClippedEx(window->DrawList, pos_min, pos_max, text, text_display_end, text_size_if_known, align, clip_rect);
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogRenderedText(&pos_min, text, text_display_end);
+}
+
+// Another overly complex function until we reorganize everything into a nice all-in-one helper.
+// This is made more complex because we have dissociated the layout rectangle (pos_min..pos_max) which define _where_ the ellipsis is, from actual clipping of text and limit of the ellipsis display.
+// This is because in the context of tabs we selectively hide part of the text when the Close Button appears, but we don't want the ellipsis to move.
+void ImGui::RenderTextEllipsis(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImVec2& pos_min, const ImVec2& pos_max, float clip_max_x, float ellipsis_max_x, const char* text, const char* text_end_full, const ImVec2* text_size_if_known)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (text_end_full == NULL)
+        text_end_full = FindRenderedTextEnd(text);
+    const ImVec2 text_size = text_size_if_known ? *text_size_if_known : CalcTextSize(text, text_end_full, false, 0.0f);
+
+    //draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(pos_max.x, pos_min.y - 4), ImVec2(pos_max.x, pos_max.y + 4), IM_COL32(0, 0, 255, 255));
+    //draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(ellipsis_max_x, pos_min.y-2), ImVec2(ellipsis_max_x, pos_max.y+2), IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255));
+    //draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(clip_max_x, pos_min.y), ImVec2(clip_max_x, pos_max.y), IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255));
+    // FIXME: We could technically remove (last_glyph->AdvanceX - last_glyph->X1) from text_size.x here and save a few pixels.
+    if (text_size.x > pos_max.x - pos_min.x)
+    {
+        // Hello wo...
+        // |       |   |
+        // min   max   ellipsis_max
+        //          <-> this is generally some padding value
+
+        const ImFont* font = draw_list->_Data->Font;
+        const float font_size = draw_list->_Data->FontSize;
+        const float font_scale = font_size / font->FontSize;
+        const char* text_end_ellipsis = NULL;
+        const float ellipsis_width = font->EllipsisWidth * font_scale;
+
+        // We can now claim the space between pos_max.x and ellipsis_max.x
+        const float text_avail_width = ImMax((ImMax(pos_max.x, ellipsis_max_x) - ellipsis_width) - pos_min.x, 1.0f);
+        float text_size_clipped_x = font->CalcTextSizeA(font_size, text_avail_width, 0.0f, text, text_end_full, &text_end_ellipsis).x;
+        if (text == text_end_ellipsis && text_end_ellipsis < text_end_full)
+        {
+            // Always display at least 1 character if there's no room for character + ellipsis
+            text_end_ellipsis = text + ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromChar(text, text_end_full);
+            text_size_clipped_x = font->CalcTextSizeA(font_size, FLT_MAX, 0.0f, text, text_end_ellipsis).x;
+        }
+        while (text_end_ellipsis > text && ImCharIsBlankA(text_end_ellipsis[-1]))
+        {
+            // Trim trailing space before ellipsis (FIXME: Supporting non-ascii blanks would be nice, for this we need a function to backtrack in UTF-8 text)
+            text_end_ellipsis--;
+            text_size_clipped_x -= font->CalcTextSizeA(font_size, FLT_MAX, 0.0f, text_end_ellipsis, text_end_ellipsis + 1).x; // Ascii blanks are always 1 byte
+        }
+
+        // Render text, render ellipsis
+        RenderTextClippedEx(draw_list, pos_min, ImVec2(clip_max_x, pos_max.y), text, text_end_ellipsis, &text_size, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+        ImVec2 ellipsis_pos = ImFloor(ImVec2(pos_min.x + text_size_clipped_x, pos_min.y));
+        if (ellipsis_pos.x + ellipsis_width <= ellipsis_max_x)
+            for (int i = 0; i < font->EllipsisCharCount; i++, ellipsis_pos.x += font->EllipsisCharStep * font_scale)
+                font->RenderChar(draw_list, font_size, ellipsis_pos, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), font->EllipsisChar);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        RenderTextClippedEx(draw_list, pos_min, ImVec2(clip_max_x, pos_max.y), text, text_end_full, &text_size, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    }
+
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogRenderedText(&pos_min, text, text_end_full);
+}
+
+// Render a rectangle shaped with optional rounding and borders
+void ImGui::RenderFrame(ImVec2 p_min, ImVec2 p_max, ImU32 fill_col, bool border, float rounding)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(p_min, p_max, fill_col, rounding);
+    const float border_size = g.Style.FrameBorderSize;
+    if (border && border_size > 0.0f)
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(p_min + ImVec2(1, 1), p_max + ImVec2(1, 1), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_BorderShadow), rounding, 0, border_size);
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(p_min, p_max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border), rounding, 0, border_size);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderFrameBorder(ImVec2 p_min, ImVec2 p_max, float rounding)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    const float border_size = g.Style.FrameBorderSize;
+    if (border_size > 0.0f)
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(p_min + ImVec2(1, 1), p_max + ImVec2(1, 1), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_BorderShadow), rounding, 0, border_size);
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(p_min, p_max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border), rounding, 0, border_size);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderNavHighlight(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiNavHighlightFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (id != g.NavId)
+        return;
+    if (g.NavDisableHighlight && !(flags & ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_AlwaysDraw))
+        return;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->DC.NavHideHighlightOneFrame)
+        return;
+
+    float rounding = (flags & ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_NoRounding) ? 0.0f : g.Style.FrameRounding;
+    ImRect display_rect = bb;
+    display_rect.ClipWith(window->ClipRect);
+    if (flags & ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeDefault)
+    {
+        const float THICKNESS = 2.0f;
+        const float DISTANCE = 3.0f + THICKNESS * 0.5f;
+        display_rect.Expand(ImVec2(DISTANCE, DISTANCE));
+        bool fully_visible = window->ClipRect.Contains(display_rect);
+        if (!fully_visible)
+            window->DrawList->PushClipRect(display_rect.Min, display_rect.Max);
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(display_rect.Min + ImVec2(THICKNESS * 0.5f, THICKNESS * 0.5f), display_rect.Max - ImVec2(THICKNESS * 0.5f, THICKNESS * 0.5f), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_NavHighlight), rounding, 0, THICKNESS);
+        if (!fully_visible)
+            window->DrawList->PopClipRect();
+    }
+    if (flags & ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeThin)
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(display_rect.Min, display_rect.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_NavHighlight), rounding, 0, 1.0f);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderMouseCursor(ImVec2 base_pos, float base_scale, ImGuiMouseCursor mouse_cursor, ImU32 col_fill, ImU32 col_border, ImU32 col_shadow)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(mouse_cursor > ImGuiMouseCursor_None && mouse_cursor < ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT);
+    ImFontAtlas* font_atlas = g.DrawListSharedData.Font->ContainerAtlas;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+    {
+        // We scale cursor with current viewport/monitor, however Windows 10 for its own hardware cursor seems to be using a different scale factor.
+        ImVec2 offset, size, uv[4];
+        if (!font_atlas->GetMouseCursorTexData(mouse_cursor, &offset, &size, &uv[0], &uv[2]))
+            continue;
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+        const ImVec2 pos = base_pos - offset;
+        const float scale = base_scale * viewport->DpiScale;
+        if (!viewport->GetMainRect().Overlaps(ImRect(pos, pos + ImVec2(size.x + 2, size.y + 2) * scale)))
+            continue;
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(viewport);
+        ImTextureID tex_id = font_atlas->TexID;
+        draw_list->PushTextureID(tex_id);
+        draw_list->AddImage(tex_id, pos + ImVec2(1, 0) * scale, pos + (ImVec2(1, 0) + size) * scale, uv[2], uv[3], col_shadow);
+        draw_list->AddImage(tex_id, pos + ImVec2(2, 0) * scale, pos + (ImVec2(2, 0) + size) * scale, uv[2], uv[3], col_shadow);
+        draw_list->AddImage(tex_id, pos,                        pos + size * scale,                  uv[2], uv[3], col_border);
+        draw_list->AddImage(tex_id, pos,                        pos + size * scale,                  uv[0], uv[1], col_fill);
+        draw_list->PopTextureID();
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] INITIALIZATION, SHUTDOWN
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Internal state access - if you want to share Dear ImGui state between modules (e.g. DLL) or allocate it yourself
+// Note that we still point to some static data and members (such as GFontAtlas), so the state instance you end up using will point to the static data within its module
+ImGuiContext* ImGui::GetCurrentContext()
+{
+    return GImGui;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetCurrentContext(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+#ifdef IMGUI_SET_CURRENT_CONTEXT_FUNC
+    IMGUI_SET_CURRENT_CONTEXT_FUNC(ctx); // For custom thread-based hackery you may want to have control over this.
+#else
+    GImGui = ctx;
+#endif
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetAllocatorFunctions(ImGuiMemAllocFunc alloc_func, ImGuiMemFreeFunc free_func, void* user_data)
+{
+    GImAllocatorAllocFunc = alloc_func;
+    GImAllocatorFreeFunc = free_func;
+    GImAllocatorUserData = user_data;
+}
+
+// This is provided to facilitate copying allocators from one static/DLL boundary to another (e.g. retrieve default allocator of your executable address space)
+void ImGui::GetAllocatorFunctions(ImGuiMemAllocFunc* p_alloc_func, ImGuiMemFreeFunc* p_free_func, void** p_user_data)
+{
+    *p_alloc_func = GImAllocatorAllocFunc;
+    *p_free_func = GImAllocatorFreeFunc;
+    *p_user_data = GImAllocatorUserData;
+}
+
+ImGuiContext* ImGui::CreateContext(ImFontAtlas* shared_font_atlas)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* prev_ctx = GetCurrentContext();
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = IM_NEW(ImGuiContext)(shared_font_atlas);
+    SetCurrentContext(ctx);
+    Initialize();
+    if (prev_ctx != NULL)
+        SetCurrentContext(prev_ctx); // Restore previous context if any, else keep new one.
+    return ctx;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DestroyContext(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* prev_ctx = GetCurrentContext();
+    if (ctx == NULL) //-V1051
+        ctx = prev_ctx;
+    SetCurrentContext(ctx);
+    Shutdown();
+    SetCurrentContext((prev_ctx != ctx) ? prev_ctx : NULL);
+    IM_DELETE(ctx);
+}
+
+// IMPORTANT: ###xxx suffixes must be same in ALL languages
+static const ImGuiLocEntry GLocalizationEntriesEnUS[] =
+{
+    { ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeOne,         "Size column to fit###SizeOne"          },
+    { ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeAllFit,      "Size all columns to fit###SizeAll"     },
+    { ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeAllDefault,  "Size all columns to default###SizeAll" },
+    { ImGuiLocKey_TableResetOrder,      "Reset order###ResetOrder"              },
+    { ImGuiLocKey_WindowingMainMenuBar, "(Main menu bar)"                       },
+    { ImGuiLocKey_WindowingPopup,       "(Popup)"                               },
+    { ImGuiLocKey_WindowingUntitled,    "(Untitled)"                            },
+    { ImGuiLocKey_DockingHideTabBar,    "Hide tab bar###HideTabBar"             },
+};
+
+void ImGui::Initialize()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(!g.Initialized && !g.SettingsLoaded);
+
+    // Add .ini handle for ImGuiWindow and ImGuiTable types
+    {
+        ImGuiSettingsHandler ini_handler;
+        ini_handler.TypeName = "Window";
+        ini_handler.TypeHash = ImHashStr("Window");
+        ini_handler.ClearAllFn = WindowSettingsHandler_ClearAll;
+        ini_handler.ReadOpenFn = WindowSettingsHandler_ReadOpen;
+        ini_handler.ReadLineFn = WindowSettingsHandler_ReadLine;
+        ini_handler.ApplyAllFn = WindowSettingsHandler_ApplyAll;
+        ini_handler.WriteAllFn = WindowSettingsHandler_WriteAll;
+        AddSettingsHandler(&ini_handler);
+    }
+    TableSettingsAddSettingsHandler();
+
+    // Setup default localization table
+    LocalizeRegisterEntries(GLocalizationEntriesEnUS, IM_ARRAYSIZE(GLocalizationEntriesEnUS));
+
+    // Setup default platform clipboard/IME handlers.
+    g.IO.GetClipboardTextFn = GetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl;    // Platform dependent default implementations
+    g.IO.SetClipboardTextFn = SetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl;
+    g.IO.ClipboardUserData = (void*)&g;                          // Default implementation use the ImGuiContext as user data (ideally those would be arguments to the function)
+    g.IO.SetPlatformImeDataFn = SetPlatformImeDataFn_DefaultImpl;
+
+    // Create default viewport
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = IM_NEW(ImGuiViewportP)();
+    viewport->ID = IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID;
+    viewport->Idx = 0;
+    viewport->PlatformWindowCreated = true;
+    viewport->Flags = ImGuiViewportFlags_OwnedByApp;
+    g.Viewports.push_back(viewport);
+    g.TempBuffer.resize(1024 * 3 + 1, 0);
+    g.PlatformIO.Viewports.push_back(g.Viewports[0]);
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+    // Initialize Docking
+    DockContextInitialize(&g);
+#endif
+
+    g.Initialized = true;
+}
+
+// This function is merely here to free heap allocations.
+void ImGui::Shutdown()
+{
+    // The fonts atlas can be used prior to calling NewFrame(), so we clear it even if g.Initialized is FALSE (which would happen if we never called NewFrame)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.IO.Fonts && g.FontAtlasOwnedByContext)
+    {
+        g.IO.Fonts->Locked = false;
+        IM_DELETE(g.IO.Fonts);
+    }
+    g.IO.Fonts = NULL;
+    g.DrawListSharedData.TempBuffer.clear();
+
+    // Cleanup of other data are conditional on actually having initialized Dear ImGui.
+    if (!g.Initialized)
+        return;
+
+    // Save settings (unless we haven't attempted to load them: CreateContext/DestroyContext without a call to NewFrame shouldn't save an empty file)
+    if (g.SettingsLoaded && g.IO.IniFilename != NULL)
+        SaveIniSettingsToDisk(g.IO.IniFilename);
+
+    // Destroy platform windows
+    DestroyPlatformWindows();
+
+    // Shutdown extensions
+    DockContextShutdown(&g);
+
+    CallContextHooks(&g, ImGuiContextHookType_Shutdown);
+
+    // Clear everything else
+    g.Windows.clear_delete();
+    g.WindowsFocusOrder.clear();
+    g.WindowsTempSortBuffer.clear();
+    g.CurrentWindow = NULL;
+    g.CurrentWindowStack.clear();
+    g.WindowsById.Clear();
+    g.NavWindow = NULL;
+    g.HoveredWindow = g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow = NULL;
+    g.ActiveIdWindow = g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameWindow = NULL;
+    g.MovingWindow = NULL;
+
+    g.KeysRoutingTable.Clear();
+
+    g.ColorStack.clear();
+    g.StyleVarStack.clear();
+    g.FontStack.clear();
+    g.OpenPopupStack.clear();
+    g.BeginPopupStack.clear();
+
+    g.CurrentViewport = g.MouseViewport = g.MouseLastHoveredViewport = NULL;
+    g.Viewports.clear_delete();
+
+    g.TabBars.Clear();
+    g.CurrentTabBarStack.clear();
+    g.ShrinkWidthBuffer.clear();
+
+    g.ClipperTempData.clear_destruct();
+
+    g.Tables.Clear();
+    g.TablesTempData.clear_destruct();
+    g.DrawChannelsTempMergeBuffer.clear();
+
+    g.ClipboardHandlerData.clear();
+    g.MenusIdSubmittedThisFrame.clear();
+    g.InputTextState.ClearFreeMemory();
+    g.InputTextDeactivatedState.ClearFreeMemory();
+
+    g.SettingsWindows.clear();
+    g.SettingsHandlers.clear();
+
+    if (g.LogFile)
+    {
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_TTY_FUNCTIONS
+        if (g.LogFile != stdout)
+#endif
+            ImFileClose(g.LogFile);
+        g.LogFile = NULL;
+    }
+    g.LogBuffer.clear();
+    g.DebugLogBuf.clear();
+    g.DebugLogIndex.clear();
+
+    g.Initialized = false;
+}
+
+// No specific ordering/dependency support, will see as needed
+ImGuiID ImGui::AddContextHook(ImGuiContext* ctx, const ImGuiContextHook* hook)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    IM_ASSERT(hook->Callback != NULL && hook->HookId == 0 && hook->Type != ImGuiContextHookType_PendingRemoval_);
+    g.Hooks.push_back(*hook);
+    g.Hooks.back().HookId = ++g.HookIdNext;
+    return g.HookIdNext;
+}
+
+// Deferred removal, avoiding issue with changing vector while iterating it
+void ImGui::RemoveContextHook(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID hook_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    IM_ASSERT(hook_id != 0);
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Hooks.Size; n++)
+        if (g.Hooks[n].HookId == hook_id)
+            g.Hooks[n].Type = ImGuiContextHookType_PendingRemoval_;
+}
+
+// Call context hooks (used by e.g. test engine)
+// We assume a small number of hooks so all stored in same array
+void ImGui::CallContextHooks(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiContextHookType hook_type)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Hooks.Size; n++)
+        if (g.Hooks[n].Type == hook_type)
+            g.Hooks[n].Callback(&g, &g.Hooks[n]);
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] MAIN CODE (most of the code! lots of stuff, needs tidying up!)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ImGuiWindow is mostly a dumb struct. It merely has a constructor and a few helper methods
+ImGuiWindow::ImGuiWindow(ImGuiContext* ctx, const char* name) : DrawListInst(NULL)
+{
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    Ctx = ctx;
+    Name = ImStrdup(name);
+    NameBufLen = (int)strlen(name) + 1;
+    ID = ImHashStr(name);
+    IDStack.push_back(ID);
+    ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend = -1;
+    ViewportPos = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+    MoveId = GetID("#MOVE");
+    TabId = GetID("#TAB");
+    ScrollTarget = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+    ScrollTargetCenterRatio = ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f);
+    AutoFitFramesX = AutoFitFramesY = -1;
+    AutoPosLastDirection = ImGuiDir_None;
+    SetWindowPosAllowFlags = SetWindowSizeAllowFlags = SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags = SetWindowDockAllowFlags = 0;
+    SetWindowPosVal = SetWindowPosPivot = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+    LastFrameActive = -1;
+    LastFrameJustFocused = -1;
+    LastTimeActive = -1.0f;
+    FontWindowScale = FontDpiScale = 1.0f;
+    SettingsOffset = -1;
+    DockOrder = -1;
+    DrawList = &DrawListInst;
+    DrawList->_Data = &Ctx->DrawListSharedData;
+    DrawList->_OwnerName = Name;
+    IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(&WindowClass) ImGuiWindowClass();
+}
+
+ImGuiWindow::~ImGuiWindow()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(DrawList == &DrawListInst);
+    IM_DELETE(Name);
+    ColumnsStorage.clear_destruct();
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGuiWindow::GetID(const char* str, const char* str_end)
+{
+    ImGuiID seed = IDStack.back();
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashStr(str, str_end ? (str_end - str) : 0, seed);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    if (g.DebugHookIdInfo == id)
+        ImGui::DebugHookIdInfo(id, ImGuiDataType_String, str, str_end);
+    return id;
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGuiWindow::GetID(const void* ptr)
+{
+    ImGuiID seed = IDStack.back();
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashData(&ptr, sizeof(void*), seed);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    if (g.DebugHookIdInfo == id)
+        ImGui::DebugHookIdInfo(id, ImGuiDataType_Pointer, ptr, NULL);
+    return id;
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGuiWindow::GetID(int n)
+{
+    ImGuiID seed = IDStack.back();
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashData(&n, sizeof(n), seed);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+    if (g.DebugHookIdInfo == id)
+        ImGui::DebugHookIdInfo(id, ImGuiDataType_S32, (void*)(intptr_t)n, NULL);
+    return id;
+}
+
+// This is only used in rare/specific situations to manufacture an ID out of nowhere.
+ImGuiID ImGuiWindow::GetIDFromRectangle(const ImRect& r_abs)
+{
+    ImGuiID seed = IDStack.back();
+    ImRect r_rel = ImGui::WindowRectAbsToRel(this, r_abs);
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashData(&r_rel, sizeof(r_rel), seed);
+    return id;
+}
+
+static void SetCurrentWindow(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.CurrentWindow = window;
+    g.CurrentTable = window && window->DC.CurrentTableIdx != -1 ? g.Tables.GetByIndex(window->DC.CurrentTableIdx) : NULL;
+    if (window)
+        g.FontSize = g.DrawListSharedData.FontSize = window->CalcFontSize();
+}
+
+void ImGui::GcCompactTransientMiscBuffers()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.ItemFlagsStack.clear();
+    g.GroupStack.clear();
+    TableGcCompactSettings();
+}
+
+// Free up/compact internal window buffers, we can use this when a window becomes unused.
+// Not freed:
+// - ImGuiWindow, ImGuiWindowSettings, Name, StateStorage, ColumnsStorage (may hold useful data)
+// This should have no noticeable visual effect. When the window reappear however, expect new allocation/buffer growth/copy cost.
+void ImGui::GcCompactTransientWindowBuffers(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    window->MemoryCompacted = true;
+    window->MemoryDrawListIdxCapacity = window->DrawList->IdxBuffer.Capacity;
+    window->MemoryDrawListVtxCapacity = window->DrawList->VtxBuffer.Capacity;
+    window->IDStack.clear();
+    window->DrawList->_ClearFreeMemory();
+    window->DC.ChildWindows.clear();
+    window->DC.ItemWidthStack.clear();
+    window->DC.TextWrapPosStack.clear();
+}
+
+void ImGui::GcAwakeTransientWindowBuffers(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    // We stored capacity of the ImDrawList buffer to reduce growth-caused allocation/copy when awakening.
+    // The other buffers tends to amortize much faster.
+    window->MemoryCompacted = false;
+    window->DrawList->IdxBuffer.reserve(window->MemoryDrawListIdxCapacity);
+    window->DrawList->VtxBuffer.reserve(window->MemoryDrawListVtxCapacity);
+    window->MemoryDrawListIdxCapacity = window->MemoryDrawListVtxCapacity = 0;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetActiveID(ImGuiID id, ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Clear previous active id
+    if (g.ActiveId != 0)
+    {
+        // While most behaved code would make an effort to not steal active id during window move/drag operations,
+        // we at least need to be resilient to it. Canceling the move is rather aggressive and users of 'master' branch
+        // may prefer the weird ill-defined half working situation ('docking' did assert), so may need to rework that.
+        if (g.MovingWindow != NULL && g.ActiveId == g.MovingWindow->MoveId)
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_ACTIVEID("SetActiveID() cancel MovingWindow\n");
+            g.MovingWindow = NULL;
+        }
+
+        // This could be written in a more general way (e.g associate a hook to ActiveId),
+        // but since this is currently quite an exception we'll leave it as is.
+        // One common scenario leading to this is: pressing Key ->NavMoveRequestApplyResult() -> ClearActiveId()
+        if (g.InputTextState.ID == g.ActiveId)
+            InputTextDeactivateHook(g.ActiveId);
+    }
+
+    // Set active id
+    g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated = (g.ActiveId != id);
+    if (g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_ACTIVEID("SetActiveID() old:0x%08X (window \"%s\") -> new:0x%08X (window \"%s\")\n", g.ActiveId, g.ActiveIdWindow ? g.ActiveIdWindow->Name : "", id, window ? window->Name : "");
+        g.ActiveIdTimer = 0.0f;
+        g.ActiveIdHasBeenPressedBefore = false;
+        g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedBefore = false;
+        g.ActiveIdMouseButton = -1;
+        if (id != 0)
+        {
+            g.LastActiveId = id;
+            g.LastActiveIdTimer = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+    g.ActiveId = id;
+    g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap = false;
+    g.ActiveIdNoClearOnFocusLoss = false;
+    g.ActiveIdWindow = window;
+    g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedThisFrame = false;
+    if (id)
+    {
+        g.ActiveIdIsAlive = id;
+        g.ActiveIdSource = (g.NavActivateId == id || g.NavJustMovedToId == id) ? g.NavInputSource : ImGuiInputSource_Mouse;
+        IM_ASSERT(g.ActiveIdSource != ImGuiInputSource_None);
+    }
+
+    // Clear declaration of inputs claimed by the widget
+    // (Please note that this is WIP and not all keys/inputs are thoroughly declared by all widgets yet)
+    g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask = 0x00;
+    g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys = false;
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask = 0x00;
+#endif
+}
+
+void ImGui::ClearActiveID()
+{
+    SetActiveID(0, NULL); // g.ActiveId = 0;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetHoveredID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.HoveredId = id;
+    g.HoveredIdAllowOverlap = false;
+    if (id != 0 && g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame != id)
+        g.HoveredIdTimer = g.HoveredIdNotActiveTimer = 0.0f;
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetHoveredID()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.HoveredId ? g.HoveredId : g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame;
+}
+
+// This is called by ItemAdd().
+// Code not using ItemAdd() may need to call this manually otherwise ActiveId will be cleared. In IMGUI_VERSION_NUM < 18717 this was called by GetID().
+void ImGui::KeepAliveID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+        g.ActiveIdIsAlive = id;
+    if (g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame == id)
+        g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive = true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::MarkItemEdited(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    // This marking is solely to be able to provide info for IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit().
+    // ActiveId might have been released by the time we call this (as in the typical press/release button behavior) but still need to fill the data.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id || g.ActiveId == 0)
+    {
+        g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedThisFrame = true;
+        g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedBefore = true;
+    }
+
+    // We accept a MarkItemEdited() on drag and drop targets (see https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/1875#issuecomment-978243343)
+    // We accept 'ActiveIdPreviousFrame == id' for InputText() returning an edit after it has been taken ActiveId away (#4714)
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropActive || g.ActiveId == id || g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame == id);
+
+    //IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentWindow->DC.LastItemId == id);
+    g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Edited;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowContentHoverable(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiHoveredFlags flags)
+{
+    // An active popup disable hovering on other windows (apart from its own children)
+    // FIXME-OPT: This could be cached/stored within the window.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.NavWindow)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* focused_root_window = g.NavWindow->RootWindowDockTree)
+            if (focused_root_window->WasActive && focused_root_window != window->RootWindowDockTree)
+            {
+                // For the purpose of those flags we differentiate "standard popup" from "modal popup"
+                // NB: The 'else' is important because Modal windows are also Popups.
+                bool want_inhibit = false;
+                if (focused_root_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)
+                    want_inhibit = true;
+                else if ((focused_root_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && !(flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup))
+                    want_inhibit = true;
+
+                // Inhibit hover unless the window is within the stack of our modal/popup
+                if (want_inhibit)
+                    if (!ImGui::IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(window->RootWindow, focused_root_window))
+                        return false;
+            }
+
+    // Filter by viewport
+    if (window->Viewport != g.MouseViewport)
+        if (g.MovingWindow == NULL || window->RootWindowDockTree != g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree)
+            return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// This is roughly matching the behavior of internal-facing ItemHoverable()
+// - we allow hovering to be true when ActiveId==window->MoveID, so that clicking on non-interactive items such as a Text() item still returns true with IsItemHovered()
+// - this should work even for non-interactive items that have no ID, so we cannot use LastItemId
+bool ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (g.NavDisableMouseHover && !g.NavDisableHighlight && !(flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoNavOverride))
+    {
+        if ((g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) && !(flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenDisabled))
+            return false;
+        if (!IsItemFocused())
+            return false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Test for bounding box overlap, as updated as ItemAdd()
+        ImGuiItemStatusFlags status_flags = g.LastItemData.StatusFlags;
+        if (!(status_flags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect))
+            return false;
+        IM_ASSERT((flags & (ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow | ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoPopupHierarchy | ImGuiHoveredFlags_DockHierarchy)) == 0);   // Flags not supported by this function
+
+        // Done with rectangle culling so we can perform heavier checks now
+        // Test if we are hovering the right window (our window could be behind another window)
+        // [2021/03/02] Reworked / reverted the revert, finally. Note we want e.g. BeginGroup/ItemAdd/EndGroup to work as well. (#3851)
+        // [2017/10/16] Reverted commit 344d48be3 and testing RootWindow instead. I believe it is correct to NOT test for RootWindow but this leaves us unable
+        // to use IsItemHovered() after EndChild() itself. Until a solution is found I believe reverting to the test from 2017/09/27 is safe since this was
+        // the test that has been running for a long while.
+        if (g.HoveredWindow != window && (status_flags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow) == 0)
+            if ((flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenOverlapped) == 0)
+                return false;
+
+        // Test if another item is active (e.g. being dragged)
+        if ((flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem) == 0)
+            if (g.ActiveId != 0 && g.ActiveId != g.LastItemData.ID && !g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap)
+                if (g.ActiveId != window->MoveId && g.ActiveId != window->TabId)
+                    return false;
+
+        // Test if interactions on this window are blocked by an active popup or modal.
+        // The ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup flag will be tested here.
+        if (!IsWindowContentHoverable(window, flags) && !(g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_NoWindowHoverableCheck))
+            return false;
+
+        // Test if the item is disabled
+        if ((g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) && !(flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenDisabled))
+            return false;
+
+        // Special handling for calling after Begin() which represent the title bar or tab.
+        // When the window is skipped/collapsed (SkipItems==true) that last item (always ->MoveId submitted by Begin)
+        // will never be overwritten so we need to detect the case.
+        if (g.LastItemData.ID == window->MoveId && window->WriteAccessed)
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // Handle hover delay
+    // (some ideas: https://www.nngroup.com/articles/timing-exposing-content)
+    float delay;
+    if (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayNormal)
+        delay = g.IO.HoverDelayNormal;
+    else if (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayShort)
+        delay = g.IO.HoverDelayShort;
+    else
+        delay = 0.0f;
+    if (delay > 0.0f)
+    {
+        ImGuiID hover_delay_id = (g.LastItemData.ID != 0) ? g.LastItemData.ID : window->GetIDFromRectangle(g.LastItemData.Rect);
+        if ((flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoSharedDelay) && (g.HoverDelayIdPreviousFrame != hover_delay_id))
+            g.HoverDelayTimer = 0.0f;
+        g.HoverDelayId = hover_delay_id;
+        return g.HoverDelayTimer >= delay;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Internal facing ItemHoverable() used when submitting widgets. Differs slightly from IsItemHovered().
+bool ImGui::ItemHoverable(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.HoveredId != 0 && g.HoveredId != id && !g.HoveredIdAllowOverlap)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (g.HoveredWindow != window)
+        return false;
+    if (g.ActiveId != 0 && g.ActiveId != id && !g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap)
+        return false;
+    if (!IsMouseHoveringRect(bb.Min, bb.Max))
+        return false;
+
+    // Done with rectangle culling so we can perform heavier checks now.
+    ImGuiItemFlags item_flags = (g.LastItemData.ID == id ? g.LastItemData.InFlags : g.CurrentItemFlags);
+    if (!(item_flags & ImGuiItemFlags_NoWindowHoverableCheck) && !IsWindowContentHoverable(window, ImGuiHoveredFlags_None))
+    {
+        g.HoveredIdDisabled = true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // We exceptionally allow this function to be called with id==0 to allow using it for easy high-level
+    // hover test in widgets code. We could also decide to split this function is two.
+    if (id != 0)
+        SetHoveredID(id);
+
+    // When disabled we'll return false but still set HoveredId
+    if (item_flags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled)
+    {
+        // Release active id if turning disabled
+        if (g.ActiveId == id)
+            ClearActiveID();
+        g.HoveredIdDisabled = true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (id != 0)
+    {
+        // [DEBUG] Item Picker tool!
+        // We perform the check here because SetHoveredID() is not frequently called (1~ time a frame), making
+        // the cost of this tool near-zero. We can get slightly better call-stack and support picking non-hovered
+        // items if we performed the test in ItemAdd(), but that would incur a small runtime cost.
+        if (g.DebugItemPickerActive && g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame == id)
+            GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+        if (g.DebugItemPickerBreakId == id)
+            IM_DEBUG_BREAK();
+    }
+
+    if (g.NavDisableMouseHover)
+        return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// FIXME: This is inlined/duplicated in ItemAdd()
+bool ImGui::IsClippedEx(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (!bb.Overlaps(window->ClipRect))
+        if (id == 0 || (id != g.ActiveId && id != g.NavId))
+            if (!g.LogEnabled)
+                return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+// This is also inlined in ItemAdd()
+// Note: if ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDisplayRect is set, user needs to set g.LastItemData.DisplayRect.
+void ImGui::SetLastItemData(ImGuiID item_id, ImGuiItemFlags in_flags, ImGuiItemStatusFlags item_flags, const ImRect& item_rect)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.LastItemData.ID = item_id;
+    g.LastItemData.InFlags = in_flags;
+    g.LastItemData.StatusFlags = item_flags;
+    g.LastItemData.Rect = g.LastItemData.NavRect = item_rect;
+}
+
+float ImGui::CalcWrapWidthForPos(const ImVec2& pos, float wrap_pos_x)
+{
+    if (wrap_pos_x < 0.0f)
+        return 0.0f;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (wrap_pos_x == 0.0f)
+    {
+        // We could decide to setup a default wrapping max point for auto-resizing windows,
+        // or have auto-wrap (with unspecified wrapping pos) behave as a ContentSize extending function?
+        //if (window->Hidden && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
+        //    wrap_pos_x = ImMax(window->WorkRect.Min.x + g.FontSize * 10.0f, window->WorkRect.Max.x);
+        //else
+        wrap_pos_x = window->WorkRect.Max.x;
+    }
+    else if (wrap_pos_x > 0.0f)
+    {
+        wrap_pos_x += window->Pos.x - window->Scroll.x; // wrap_pos_x is provided is window local space
+    }
+
+    return ImMax(wrap_pos_x - pos.x, 1.0f);
+}
+
+// IM_ALLOC() == ImGui::MemAlloc()
+void* ImGui::MemAlloc(size_t size)
+{
+    if (ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui)
+        ctx->IO.MetricsActiveAllocations++;
+    return (*GImAllocatorAllocFunc)(size, GImAllocatorUserData);
+}
+
+// IM_FREE() == ImGui::MemFree()
+void ImGui::MemFree(void* ptr)
+{
+    if (ptr)
+        if (ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui)
+            ctx->IO.MetricsActiveAllocations--;
+    return (*GImAllocatorFreeFunc)(ptr, GImAllocatorUserData);
+}
+
+const char* ImGui::GetClipboardText()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.IO.GetClipboardTextFn ? g.IO.GetClipboardTextFn(g.IO.ClipboardUserData) : "";
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetClipboardText(const char* text)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.IO.SetClipboardTextFn)
+        g.IO.SetClipboardTextFn(g.IO.ClipboardUserData, text);
+}
+
+const char* ImGui::GetVersion()
+{
+    return IMGUI_VERSION;
+}
+
+ImGuiIO& ImGui::GetIO()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(GImGui != NULL && "No current context. Did you call ImGui::CreateContext() and ImGui::SetCurrentContext() ?");
+    return GImGui->IO;
+}
+
+ImGuiPlatformIO& ImGui::GetPlatformIO()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(GImGui != NULL && "No current context. Did you call ImGui::CreateContext() or ImGui::SetCurrentContext()?");
+    return GImGui->PlatformIO;
+}
+
+// Pass this to your backend rendering function! Valid after Render() and until the next call to NewFrame()
+ImDrawData* ImGui::GetDrawData()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[0];
+    return viewport->DrawDataP.Valid ? &viewport->DrawDataP : NULL;
+}
+
+double ImGui::GetTime()
+{
+    return GImGui->Time;
+}
+
+int ImGui::GetFrameCount()
+{
+    return GImGui->FrameCount;
+}
+
+static ImDrawList* GetViewportDrawList(ImGuiViewportP* viewport, size_t drawlist_no, const char* drawlist_name)
+{
+    // Create the draw list on demand, because they are not frequently used for all viewports
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(drawlist_no < IM_ARRAYSIZE(viewport->DrawLists));
+    ImDrawList* draw_list = viewport->DrawLists[drawlist_no];
+    if (draw_list == NULL)
+    {
+        draw_list = IM_NEW(ImDrawList)(&g.DrawListSharedData);
+        draw_list->_OwnerName = drawlist_name;
+        viewport->DrawLists[drawlist_no] = draw_list;
+    }
+
+    // Our ImDrawList system requires that there is always a command
+    if (viewport->DrawListsLastFrame[drawlist_no] != g.FrameCount)
+    {
+        draw_list->_ResetForNewFrame();
+        draw_list->PushTextureID(g.IO.Fonts->TexID);
+        draw_list->PushClipRect(viewport->Pos, viewport->Pos + viewport->Size, false);
+        viewport->DrawListsLastFrame[drawlist_no] = g.FrameCount;
+    }
+    return draw_list;
+}
+
+ImDrawList* ImGui::GetBackgroundDrawList(ImGuiViewport* viewport)
+{
+    return GetViewportDrawList((ImGuiViewportP*)viewport, 0, "##Background");
+}
+
+ImDrawList* ImGui::GetBackgroundDrawList()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return GetBackgroundDrawList(g.CurrentWindow->Viewport);
+}
+
+ImDrawList* ImGui::GetForegroundDrawList(ImGuiViewport* viewport)
+{
+    return GetViewportDrawList((ImGuiViewportP*)viewport, 1, "##Foreground");
+}
+
+ImDrawList* ImGui::GetForegroundDrawList()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return GetForegroundDrawList(g.CurrentWindow->Viewport);
+}
+
+ImDrawListSharedData* ImGui::GetDrawListSharedData()
+{
+    return &GImGui->DrawListSharedData;
+}
+
+void ImGui::StartMouseMovingWindow(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    // Set ActiveId even if the _NoMove flag is set. Without it, dragging away from a window with _NoMove would activate hover on other windows.
+    // We _also_ call this when clicking in a window empty space when io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly is set, but clear g.MovingWindow afterward.
+    // This is because we want ActiveId to be set even when the window is not permitted to move.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    FocusWindow(window);
+    SetActiveID(window->MoveId, window);
+    g.NavDisableHighlight = true;
+    g.ActiveIdClickOffset = g.IO.MouseClickedPos[0] - window->RootWindowDockTree->Pos;
+    g.ActiveIdNoClearOnFocusLoss = true;
+    SetActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys();
+
+    bool can_move_window = true;
+    if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove) || (window->RootWindowDockTree->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove))
+        can_move_window = false;
+    if (ImGuiDockNode* node = window->DockNodeAsHost)
+        if (node->VisibleWindow && (node->VisibleWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove))
+            can_move_window = false;
+    if (can_move_window)
+        g.MovingWindow = window;
+}
+
+// We use 'undock_floating_node == false' when dragging from title bar to allow moving groups of floating nodes without undocking them.
+// - undock_floating_node == true: when dragging from a floating node within a hierarchy, always undock the node.
+// - undock_floating_node == false: when dragging from a floating node within a hierarchy, move root window.
+void ImGui::StartMouseMovingWindowOrNode(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiDockNode* node, bool undock_floating_node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    bool can_undock_node = false;
+    if (node != NULL && node->VisibleWindow && (node->VisibleWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove) == 0)
+    {
+        // Can undock if:
+        // - part of a floating node hierarchy with more than one visible node (if only one is visible, we'll just move the whole hierarchy)
+        // - part of a dockspace node hierarchy (trivia: undocking from a fixed/central node will create a new node and copy windows)
+        ImGuiDockNode* root_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(node);
+        if (root_node->OnlyNodeWithWindows != node || root_node->CentralNode != NULL)   // -V1051 PVS-Studio thinks node should be root_node and is wrong about that.
+            if (undock_floating_node || root_node->IsDockSpace())
+                can_undock_node = true;
+    }
+
+    const bool clicked = IsMouseClicked(0);
+    const bool dragging = IsMouseDragging(0, g.IO.MouseDragThreshold * 1.70f);
+    if (can_undock_node && dragging)
+        DockContextQueueUndockNode(&g, node); // Will lead to DockNodeStartMouseMovingWindow() -> StartMouseMovingWindow() being called next frame
+    else if (!can_undock_node && (clicked || dragging) && g.MovingWindow != window)
+        StartMouseMovingWindow(window);
+}
+
+// Handle mouse moving window
+// Note: moving window with the navigation keys (Square + d-pad / CTRL+TAB + Arrows) are processed in NavUpdateWindowing()
+// FIXME: We don't have strong guarantee that g.MovingWindow stay synched with g.ActiveId == g.MovingWindow->MoveId.
+// This is currently enforced by the fact that BeginDragDropSource() is setting all g.ActiveIdUsingXXXX flags to inhibit navigation inputs,
+// but if we should more thoroughly test cases where g.ActiveId or g.MovingWindow gets changed and not the other.
+void ImGui::UpdateMouseMovingWindowNewFrame()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.MovingWindow != NULL)
+    {
+        // We actually want to move the root window. g.MovingWindow == window we clicked on (could be a child window).
+        // We track it to preserve Focus and so that generally ActiveIdWindow == MovingWindow and ActiveId == MovingWindow->MoveId for consistency.
+        KeepAliveID(g.ActiveId);
+        IM_ASSERT(g.MovingWindow && g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree);
+        ImGuiWindow* moving_window = g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree;
+
+        // When a window stop being submitted while being dragged, it may will its viewport until next Begin()
+        const bool window_disappared = ((!moving_window->WasActive && !moving_window->Active) || moving_window->Viewport == NULL);
+        if (g.IO.MouseDown[0] && IsMousePosValid(&g.IO.MousePos) && !window_disappared)
+        {
+            ImVec2 pos = g.IO.MousePos - g.ActiveIdClickOffset;
+            if (moving_window->Pos.x != pos.x || moving_window->Pos.y != pos.y)
+            {
+                SetWindowPos(moving_window, pos, ImGuiCond_Always);
+                if (moving_window->ViewportOwned) // Synchronize viewport immediately because some overlays may relies on clipping rectangle before we Begin() into the window.
+                {
+                    moving_window->Viewport->Pos = pos;
+                    moving_window->Viewport->UpdateWorkRect();
+                }
+            }
+            FocusWindow(g.MovingWindow);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (!window_disappared)
+            {
+                // Try to merge the window back into the main viewport.
+                // This works because MouseViewport should be != MovingWindow->Viewport on release (as per code in UpdateViewports)
+                if (g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)
+                    UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewport(moving_window, g.MouseViewport);
+
+                // Restore the mouse viewport so that we don't hover the viewport _under_ the moved window during the frame we released the mouse button.
+                if (!IsDragDropPayloadBeingAccepted())
+                    g.MouseViewport = moving_window->Viewport;
+
+                // Clear the NoInput window flag set by the Viewport system
+                moving_window->Viewport->Flags &= ~ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs; // FIXME-VIEWPORT: Test engine managed to crash here because Viewport was NULL.
+            }
+
+            g.MovingWindow = NULL;
+            ClearActiveID();
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // When clicking/dragging from a window that has the _NoMove flag, we still set the ActiveId in order to prevent hovering others.
+        if (g.ActiveIdWindow && g.ActiveIdWindow->MoveId == g.ActiveId)
+        {
+            KeepAliveID(g.ActiveId);
+            if (!g.IO.MouseDown[0])
+                ClearActiveID();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Initiate moving window when clicking on empty space or title bar.
+// Handle left-click and right-click focus.
+void ImGui::UpdateMouseMovingWindowEndFrame()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ActiveId != 0 || g.HoveredId != 0)
+        return;
+
+    // Unless we just made a window/popup appear
+    if (g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow->Appearing)
+        return;
+
+    // Click on empty space to focus window and start moving
+    // (after we're done with all our widgets, so e.g. clicking on docking tab-bar which have set HoveredId already and not get us here!)
+    if (g.IO.MouseClicked[0])
+    {
+        // Handle the edge case of a popup being closed while clicking in its empty space.
+        // If we try to focus it, FocusWindow() > ClosePopupsOverWindow() will accidentally close any parent popups because they are not linked together any more.
+        ImGuiWindow* root_window = g.HoveredWindow ? g.HoveredWindow->RootWindow : NULL;
+        const bool is_closed_popup = root_window && (root_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && !IsPopupOpen(root_window->PopupId, ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel);
+
+        if (root_window != NULL && !is_closed_popup)
+        {
+            StartMouseMovingWindow(g.HoveredWindow); //-V595
+
+            // Cancel moving if clicked outside of title bar
+            if (g.IO.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly)
+                if (!(root_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) || root_window->DockIsActive)
+                    if (!root_window->TitleBarRect().Contains(g.IO.MouseClickedPos[0]))
+                        g.MovingWindow = NULL;
+
+            // Cancel moving if clicked over an item which was disabled or inhibited by popups (note that we know HoveredId == 0 already)
+            if (g.HoveredIdDisabled)
+                g.MovingWindow = NULL;
+        }
+        else if (root_window == NULL && g.NavWindow != NULL && GetTopMostPopupModal() == NULL)
+        {
+            // Clicking on void disable focus
+            FocusWindow(NULL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // With right mouse button we close popups without changing focus based on where the mouse is aimed
+    // Instead, focus will be restored to the window under the bottom-most closed popup.
+    // (The left mouse button path calls FocusWindow on the hovered window, which will lead NewFrame->ClosePopupsOverWindow to trigger)
+    if (g.IO.MouseClicked[1])
+    {
+        // Find the top-most window between HoveredWindow and the top-most Modal Window.
+        // This is where we can trim the popup stack.
+        ImGuiWindow* modal = GetTopMostPopupModal();
+        bool hovered_window_above_modal = g.HoveredWindow && (modal == NULL || IsWindowAbove(g.HoveredWindow, modal));
+        ClosePopupsOverWindow(hovered_window_above_modal ? g.HoveredWindow : modal, true);
+    }
+}
+
+// This is called during NewFrame()->UpdateViewportsNewFrame() only.
+// Need to keep in sync with SetWindowPos()
+static void TranslateWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& delta)
+{
+    window->Pos += delta;
+    window->ClipRect.Translate(delta);
+    window->OuterRectClipped.Translate(delta);
+    window->InnerRect.Translate(delta);
+    window->DC.CursorPos += delta;
+    window->DC.CursorStartPos += delta;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos += delta;
+    window->DC.IdealMaxPos += delta;
+}
+
+static void ScaleWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, float scale)
+{
+    ImVec2 origin = window->Viewport->Pos;
+    window->Pos = ImFloor((window->Pos - origin) * scale + origin);
+    window->Size = ImFloor(window->Size * scale);
+    window->SizeFull = ImFloor(window->SizeFull * scale);
+    window->ContentSize = ImFloor(window->ContentSize * scale);
+}
+
+static bool IsWindowActiveAndVisible(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    return (window->Active) && (!window->Hidden);
+}
+
+// The reason this is exposed in imgui_internal.h is: on touch-based system that don't have hovering, we want to dispatch inputs to the right target (imgui vs imgui+app)
+void ImGui::UpdateHoveredWindowAndCaptureFlags()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+    g.WindowsHoverPadding = ImMax(g.Style.TouchExtraPadding, ImVec2(WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING, WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING));
+
+    // Find the window hovered by mouse:
+    // - Child windows can extend beyond the limit of their parent so we need to derive HoveredRootWindow from HoveredWindow.
+    // - When moving a window we can skip the search, which also conveniently bypasses the fact that window->WindowRectClipped is lagging as this point of the frame.
+    // - We also support the moved window toggling the NoInputs flag after moving has started in order to be able to detect windows below it, which is useful for e.g. docking mechanisms.
+    bool clear_hovered_windows = false;
+    FindHoveredWindow();
+    IM_ASSERT(g.HoveredWindow == NULL || g.HoveredWindow == g.MovingWindow || g.HoveredWindow->Viewport == g.MouseViewport);
+
+    // Modal windows prevents mouse from hovering behind them.
+    ImGuiWindow* modal_window = GetTopMostPopupModal();
+    if (modal_window && g.HoveredWindow && !IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(g.HoveredWindow->RootWindow, modal_window)) // FIXME-MERGE: RootWindowDockTree ?
+        clear_hovered_windows = true;
+
+    // Disabled mouse?
+    if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouse)
+        clear_hovered_windows = true;
+
+    // We track click ownership. When clicked outside of a window the click is owned by the application and
+    // won't report hovering nor request capture even while dragging over our windows afterward.
+    const bool has_open_popup = (g.OpenPopupStack.Size > 0);
+    const bool has_open_modal = (modal_window != NULL);
+    int mouse_earliest_down = -1;
+    bool mouse_any_down = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(io.MouseDown); i++)
+    {
+        if (io.MouseClicked[i])
+        {
+            io.MouseDownOwned[i] = (g.HoveredWindow != NULL) || has_open_popup;
+            io.MouseDownOwnedUnlessPopupClose[i] = (g.HoveredWindow != NULL) || has_open_modal;
+        }
+        mouse_any_down |= io.MouseDown[i];
+        if (io.MouseDown[i])
+            if (mouse_earliest_down == -1 || io.MouseClickedTime[i] < io.MouseClickedTime[mouse_earliest_down])
+                mouse_earliest_down = i;
+    }
+    const bool mouse_avail = (mouse_earliest_down == -1) || io.MouseDownOwned[mouse_earliest_down];
+    const bool mouse_avail_unless_popup_close = (mouse_earliest_down == -1) || io.MouseDownOwnedUnlessPopupClose[mouse_earliest_down];
+
+    // If mouse was first clicked outside of ImGui bounds we also cancel out hovering.
+    // FIXME: For patterns of drag and drop across OS windows, we may need to rework/remove this test (first committed 311c0ca9 on 2015/02)
+    const bool mouse_dragging_extern_payload = g.DragDropActive && (g.DragDropSourceFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceExtern) != 0;
+    if (!mouse_avail && !mouse_dragging_extern_payload)
+        clear_hovered_windows = true;
+
+    if (clear_hovered_windows)
+        g.HoveredWindow = g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow = NULL;
+
+    // Update io.WantCaptureMouse for the user application (true = dispatch mouse info to Dear ImGui only, false = dispatch mouse to Dear ImGui + underlying app)
+    // Update io.WantCaptureMouseAllowPopupClose (experimental) to give a chance for app to react to popup closure with a drag
+    if (g.WantCaptureMouseNextFrame != -1)
+    {
+        io.WantCaptureMouse = io.WantCaptureMouseUnlessPopupClose = (g.WantCaptureMouseNextFrame != 0);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        io.WantCaptureMouse = (mouse_avail && (g.HoveredWindow != NULL || mouse_any_down)) || has_open_popup;
+        io.WantCaptureMouseUnlessPopupClose = (mouse_avail_unless_popup_close && (g.HoveredWindow != NULL || mouse_any_down)) || has_open_modal;
+    }
+
+    // Update io.WantCaptureKeyboard for the user application (true = dispatch keyboard info to Dear ImGui only, false = dispatch keyboard info to Dear ImGui + underlying app)
+    if (g.WantCaptureKeyboardNextFrame != -1)
+        io.WantCaptureKeyboard = (g.WantCaptureKeyboardNextFrame != 0);
+    else
+        io.WantCaptureKeyboard = (g.ActiveId != 0) || (modal_window != NULL);
+    if (io.NavActive && (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) && !(io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavNoCaptureKeyboard))
+        io.WantCaptureKeyboard = true;
+
+    // Update io.WantTextInput flag, this is to allow systems without a keyboard (e.g. mobile, hand-held) to show a software keyboard if possible
+    io.WantTextInput = (g.WantTextInputNextFrame != -1) ? (g.WantTextInputNextFrame != 0) : false;
+}
+
+void ImGui::NewFrame()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(GImGui != NULL && "No current context. Did you call ImGui::CreateContext() and ImGui::SetCurrentContext() ?");
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Remove pending delete hooks before frame start.
+    // This deferred removal avoid issues of removal while iterating the hook vector
+    for (int n = g.Hooks.Size - 1; n >= 0; n--)
+        if (g.Hooks[n].Type == ImGuiContextHookType_PendingRemoval_)
+            g.Hooks.erase(&g.Hooks[n]);
+
+    CallContextHooks(&g, ImGuiContextHookType_NewFramePre);
+
+    // Check and assert for various common IO and Configuration mistakes
+    g.ConfigFlagsLastFrame = g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame;
+    ErrorCheckNewFrameSanityChecks();
+    g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame = g.IO.ConfigFlags;
+
+    // Load settings on first frame, save settings when modified (after a delay)
+    UpdateSettings();
+
+    g.Time += g.IO.DeltaTime;
+    g.WithinFrameScope = true;
+    g.FrameCount += 1;
+    g.TooltipOverrideCount = 0;
+    g.WindowsActiveCount = 0;
+    g.MenusIdSubmittedThisFrame.resize(0);
+
+    // Calculate frame-rate for the user, as a purely luxurious feature
+    g.FramerateSecPerFrameAccum += g.IO.DeltaTime - g.FramerateSecPerFrame[g.FramerateSecPerFrameIdx];
+    g.FramerateSecPerFrame[g.FramerateSecPerFrameIdx] = g.IO.DeltaTime;
+    g.FramerateSecPerFrameIdx = (g.FramerateSecPerFrameIdx + 1) % IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.FramerateSecPerFrame);
+    g.FramerateSecPerFrameCount = ImMin(g.FramerateSecPerFrameCount + 1, IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.FramerateSecPerFrame));
+    g.IO.Framerate = (g.FramerateSecPerFrameAccum > 0.0f) ? (1.0f / (g.FramerateSecPerFrameAccum / (float)g.FramerateSecPerFrameCount)) : FLT_MAX;
+
+    // Process input queue (trickle as many events as possible), turn events into writes to IO structure
+    g.InputEventsTrail.resize(0);
+    UpdateInputEvents(g.IO.ConfigInputTrickleEventQueue);
+
+    // Update viewports (after processing input queue, so io.MouseHoveredViewport is set)
+    UpdateViewportsNewFrame();
+
+    // Setup current font and draw list shared data
+    // FIXME-VIEWPORT: the concept of a single ClipRectFullscreen is not ideal!
+    g.IO.Fonts->Locked = true;
+    SetCurrentFont(GetDefaultFont());
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Font->IsLoaded());
+    ImRect virtual_space(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+        virtual_space.Add(g.Viewports[n]->GetMainRect());
+    g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen = virtual_space.ToVec4();
+    g.DrawListSharedData.CurveTessellationTol = g.Style.CurveTessellationTol;
+    g.DrawListSharedData.SetCircleTessellationMaxError(g.Style.CircleTessellationMaxError);
+    g.DrawListSharedData.InitialFlags = ImDrawListFlags_None;
+    if (g.Style.AntiAliasedLines)
+        g.DrawListSharedData.InitialFlags |= ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLines;
+    if (g.Style.AntiAliasedLinesUseTex && !(g.Font->ContainerAtlas->Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines))
+        g.DrawListSharedData.InitialFlags |= ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLinesUseTex;
+    if (g.Style.AntiAliasedFill)
+        g.DrawListSharedData.InitialFlags |= ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedFill;
+    if (g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset)
+        g.DrawListSharedData.InitialFlags |= ImDrawListFlags_AllowVtxOffset;
+
+    // Mark rendering data as invalid to prevent user who may have a handle on it to use it.
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+        viewport->DrawData = NULL;
+        viewport->DrawDataP.Clear();
+    }
+
+    // Drag and drop keep the source ID alive so even if the source disappear our state is consistent
+    if (g.DragDropActive && g.DragDropPayload.SourceId == g.ActiveId)
+        KeepAliveID(g.DragDropPayload.SourceId);
+
+    // Update HoveredId data
+    if (!g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame)
+        g.HoveredIdTimer = 0.0f;
+    if (!g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame || (g.HoveredId && g.ActiveId == g.HoveredId))
+        g.HoveredIdNotActiveTimer = 0.0f;
+    if (g.HoveredId)
+        g.HoveredIdTimer += g.IO.DeltaTime;
+    if (g.HoveredId && g.ActiveId != g.HoveredId)
+        g.HoveredIdNotActiveTimer += g.IO.DeltaTime;
+    g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame = g.HoveredId;
+    g.HoveredId = 0;
+    g.HoveredIdAllowOverlap = false;
+    g.HoveredIdDisabled = false;
+
+    // Clear ActiveID if the item is not alive anymore.
+    // In 1.87, the common most call to KeepAliveID() was moved from GetID() to ItemAdd().
+    // As a result, custom widget using ButtonBehavior() _without_ ItemAdd() need to call KeepAliveID() themselves.
+    if (g.ActiveId != 0 && g.ActiveIdIsAlive != g.ActiveId && g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame == g.ActiveId)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_ACTIVEID("NewFrame(): ClearActiveID() because it isn't marked alive anymore!\n");
+        ClearActiveID();
+    }
+
+    // Update ActiveId data (clear reference to active widget if the widget isn't alive anymore)
+    if (g.ActiveId)
+        g.ActiveIdTimer += g.IO.DeltaTime;
+    g.LastActiveIdTimer += g.IO.DeltaTime;
+    g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame = g.ActiveId;
+    g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameWindow = g.ActiveIdWindow;
+    g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameHasBeenEditedBefore = g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedBefore;
+    g.ActiveIdIsAlive = 0;
+    g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedThisFrame = false;
+    g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive = false;
+    g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated = false;
+    if (g.TempInputId != 0 && g.ActiveId != g.TempInputId)
+        g.TempInputId = 0;
+    if (g.ActiveId == 0)
+    {
+        g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask = 0x00;
+        g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys = false;
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+        g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask = 0x00;
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    if (g.ActiveId == 0)
+        g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask = 0;
+    else if (g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask != 0)
+    {
+        // If your custom widget code used:                 { g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask |= (1 << ImGuiNavInput_Cancel); }
+        // Since IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18804 it should be:   { SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_Escape, g.ActiveId); SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadCancel, g.ActiveId); }
+        if (g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask & (1 << ImGuiNavInput_Cancel))
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_Escape, g.ActiveId);
+        if (g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask & ~(1 << ImGuiNavInput_Cancel))
+            IM_ASSERT(0); // Other values unsupported
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Update hover delay for IsItemHovered() with delays and tooltips
+    g.HoverDelayIdPreviousFrame = g.HoverDelayId;
+    if (g.HoverDelayId != 0)
+    {
+        //if (g.IO.MouseDelta.x == 0.0f && g.IO.MouseDelta.y == 0.0f) // Need design/flags
+        g.HoverDelayTimer += g.IO.DeltaTime;
+        g.HoverDelayClearTimer = 0.0f;
+        g.HoverDelayId = 0;
+    }
+    else if (g.HoverDelayTimer > 0.0f)
+    {
+        // This gives a little bit of leeway before clearing the hover timer, allowing mouse to cross gaps
+        g.HoverDelayClearTimer += g.IO.DeltaTime;
+        if (g.HoverDelayClearTimer >= ImMax(0.20f, g.IO.DeltaTime * 2.0f)) // ~6 frames at 30 Hz + allow for low framerate
+            g.HoverDelayTimer = g.HoverDelayClearTimer = 0.0f; // May want a decaying timer, in which case need to clamp at max first, based on max of caller last requested timer.
+    }
+
+    // Drag and drop
+    g.DragDropAcceptIdPrev = g.DragDropAcceptIdCurr;
+    g.DragDropAcceptIdCurr = 0;
+    g.DragDropAcceptIdCurrRectSurface = FLT_MAX;
+    g.DragDropWithinSource = false;
+    g.DragDropWithinTarget = false;
+    g.DragDropHoldJustPressedId = 0;
+
+    // Close popups on focus lost (currently wip/opt-in)
+    //if (g.IO.AppFocusLost)
+    //    ClosePopupsExceptModals();
+
+    // Update keyboard input state
+    UpdateKeyboardInputs();
+
+    //IM_ASSERT(g.IO.KeyCtrl == IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_LeftCtrl) || IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_RightCtrl));
+    //IM_ASSERT(g.IO.KeyShift == IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_LeftShift) || IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_RightShift));
+    //IM_ASSERT(g.IO.KeyAlt == IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_LeftAlt) || IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_RightAlt));
+    //IM_ASSERT(g.IO.KeySuper == IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_LeftSuper) || IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_RightSuper));
+
+    // Update gamepad/keyboard navigation
+    NavUpdate();
+
+    // Update mouse input state
+    UpdateMouseInputs();
+
+    // Undocking
+    // (needs to be before UpdateMouseMovingWindowNewFrame so the window is already offset and following the mouse on the detaching frame)
+    DockContextNewFrameUpdateUndocking(&g);
+
+    // Find hovered window
+    // (needs to be before UpdateMouseMovingWindowNewFrame so we fill g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow on the mouse release frame)
+    UpdateHoveredWindowAndCaptureFlags();
+
+    // Handle user moving window with mouse (at the beginning of the frame to avoid input lag or sheering)
+    UpdateMouseMovingWindowNewFrame();
+
+    // Background darkening/whitening
+    if (GetTopMostPopupModal() != NULL || (g.NavWindowingTarget != NULL && g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha > 0.0f))
+        g.DimBgRatio = ImMin(g.DimBgRatio + g.IO.DeltaTime * 6.0f, 1.0f);
+    else
+        g.DimBgRatio = ImMax(g.DimBgRatio - g.IO.DeltaTime * 10.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    g.MouseCursor = ImGuiMouseCursor_Arrow;
+    g.WantCaptureMouseNextFrame = g.WantCaptureKeyboardNextFrame = g.WantTextInputNextFrame = -1;
+
+    // Platform IME data: reset for the frame
+    g.PlatformImeDataPrev = g.PlatformImeData;
+    g.PlatformImeData.WantVisible = false;
+
+    // Mouse wheel scrolling, scale
+    UpdateMouseWheel();
+
+    // Mark all windows as not visible and compact unused memory.
+    IM_ASSERT(g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size <= g.Windows.Size);
+    const float memory_compact_start_time = (g.GcCompactAll || g.IO.ConfigMemoryCompactTimer < 0.0f) ? FLT_MAX : (float)g.Time - g.IO.ConfigMemoryCompactTimer;
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Windows.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[i];
+        window->WasActive = window->Active;
+        window->Active = false;
+        window->WriteAccessed = false;
+        window->BeginCountPreviousFrame = window->BeginCount;
+        window->BeginCount = 0;
+
+        // Garbage collect transient buffers of recently unused windows
+        if (!window->WasActive && !window->MemoryCompacted && window->LastTimeActive < memory_compact_start_time)
+            GcCompactTransientWindowBuffers(window);
+    }
+
+    // Garbage collect transient buffers of recently unused tables
+    for (int i = 0; i < g.TablesLastTimeActive.Size; i++)
+        if (g.TablesLastTimeActive[i] >= 0.0f && g.TablesLastTimeActive[i] < memory_compact_start_time)
+            TableGcCompactTransientBuffers(g.Tables.GetByIndex(i));
+    for (int i = 0; i < g.TablesTempData.Size; i++)
+        if (g.TablesTempData[i].LastTimeActive >= 0.0f && g.TablesTempData[i].LastTimeActive < memory_compact_start_time)
+            TableGcCompactTransientBuffers(&g.TablesTempData[i]);
+    if (g.GcCompactAll)
+        GcCompactTransientMiscBuffers();
+    g.GcCompactAll = false;
+
+    // Closing the focused window restore focus to the first active root window in descending z-order
+    if (g.NavWindow && !g.NavWindow->WasActive)
+        FocusTopMostWindowUnderOne(NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+    // No window should be open at the beginning of the frame.
+    // But in order to allow the user to call NewFrame() multiple times without calling Render(), we are doing an explicit clear.
+    g.CurrentWindowStack.resize(0);
+    g.BeginPopupStack.resize(0);
+    g.ItemFlagsStack.resize(0);
+    g.ItemFlagsStack.push_back(ImGuiItemFlags_None);
+    g.GroupStack.resize(0);
+
+    // Docking
+    DockContextNewFrameUpdateDocking(&g);
+
+    // [DEBUG] Update debug features
+    UpdateDebugToolItemPicker();
+    UpdateDebugToolStackQueries();
+    if (g.DebugLocateFrames > 0 && --g.DebugLocateFrames == 0)
+        g.DebugLocateId = 0;
+    if (g.DebugLogClipperAutoDisableFrames > 0 && --g.DebugLogClipperAutoDisableFrames == 0)
+    {
+        DebugLog("(Auto-disabled ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventClipper to avoid spamming)\n");
+        g.DebugLogFlags &= ~ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventClipper;
+    }
+
+    // Create implicit/fallback window - which we will only render it if the user has added something to it.
+    // We don't use "Debug" to avoid colliding with user trying to create a "Debug" window with custom flags.
+    // This fallback is particularly important as it prevents ImGui:: calls from crashing.
+    g.WithinFrameScopeWithImplicitWindow = true;
+    SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(400, 400), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    Begin("Debug##Default");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentWindow->IsFallbackWindow == true);
+
+    // [DEBUG] When io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValue is set, we make Begin()/BeginChild() return false at different level of the window-stack,
+    // allowing to validate correct Begin/End behavior in user code.
+    if (g.IO.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueLoop)
+        g.DebugBeginReturnValueCullDepth = (g.DebugBeginReturnValueCullDepth == -1) ? 0 : ((g.DebugBeginReturnValueCullDepth + ((g.FrameCount % 4) == 0 ? 1 : 0)) % 10);
+    else
+        g.DebugBeginReturnValueCullDepth = -1;
+
+    CallContextHooks(&g, ImGuiContextHookType_NewFramePost);
+}
+
+// FIXME: Add a more explicit sort order in the window structure.
+static int IMGUI_CDECL ChildWindowComparer(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+{
+    const ImGuiWindow* const a = *(const ImGuiWindow* const *)lhs;
+    const ImGuiWindow* const b = *(const ImGuiWindow* const *)rhs;
+    if (int d = (a->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) - (b->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup))
+        return d;
+    if (int d = (a->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip) - (b->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip))
+        return d;
+    return (a->BeginOrderWithinParent - b->BeginOrderWithinParent);
+}
+
+static void AddWindowToSortBuffer(ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>* out_sorted_windows, ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    out_sorted_windows->push_back(window);
+    if (window->Active)
+    {
+        int count = window->DC.ChildWindows.Size;
+        ImQsort(window->DC.ChildWindows.Data, (size_t)count, sizeof(ImGuiWindow*), ChildWindowComparer);
+        for (int i = 0; i < count; i++)
+        {
+            ImGuiWindow* child = window->DC.ChildWindows[i];
+            if (child->Active)
+                AddWindowToSortBuffer(out_sorted_windows, child);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void AddDrawListToDrawData(ImVector<ImDrawList*>* out_list, ImDrawList* draw_list)
+{
+    if (draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size == 0)
+        return;
+    if (draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size == 1 && draw_list->CmdBuffer[0].ElemCount == 0 && draw_list->CmdBuffer[0].UserCallback == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    // Draw list sanity check. Detect mismatch between PrimReserve() calls and incrementing _VtxCurrentIdx, _VtxWritePtr etc.
+    // May trigger for you if you are using PrimXXX functions incorrectly.
+    IM_ASSERT(draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size == 0 || draw_list->_VtxWritePtr == draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data + draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size);
+    IM_ASSERT(draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size == 0 || draw_list->_IdxWritePtr == draw_list->IdxBuffer.Data + draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size);
+    if (!(draw_list->Flags & ImDrawListFlags_AllowVtxOffset))
+        IM_ASSERT((int)draw_list->_VtxCurrentIdx == draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size);
+
+    // Check that draw_list doesn't use more vertices than indexable (default ImDrawIdx = unsigned short = 2 bytes = 64K vertices per ImDrawList = per window)
+    // If this assert triggers because you are drawing lots of stuff manually:
+    // - First, make sure you are coarse clipping yourself and not trying to draw many things outside visible bounds.
+    //   Be mindful that the ImDrawList API doesn't filter vertices. Use the Metrics/Debugger window to inspect draw list contents.
+    // - If you want large meshes with more than 64K vertices, you can either:
+    //   (A) Handle the ImDrawCmd::VtxOffset value in your renderer backend, and set 'io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset'.
+    //       Most example backends already support this from 1.71. Pre-1.71 backends won't.
+    //       Some graphics API such as GL ES 1/2 don't have a way to offset the starting vertex so it is not supported for them.
+    //   (B) Or handle 32-bit indices in your renderer backend, and uncomment '#define ImDrawIdx unsigned int' line in imconfig.h.
+    //       Most example backends already support this. For example, the OpenGL example code detect index size at compile-time:
+    //         glDrawElements(GL_TRIANGLES, (GLsizei)pcmd->ElemCount, sizeof(ImDrawIdx) == 2 ? GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT : GL_UNSIGNED_INT, idx_buffer_offset);
+    //       Your own engine or render API may use different parameters or function calls to specify index sizes.
+    //       2 and 4 bytes indices are generally supported by most graphics API.
+    // - If for some reason neither of those solutions works for you, a workaround is to call BeginChild()/EndChild() before reaching
+    //   the 64K limit to split your draw commands in multiple draw lists.
+    if (sizeof(ImDrawIdx) == 2)
+        IM_ASSERT(draw_list->_VtxCurrentIdx < (1 << 16) && "Too many vertices in ImDrawList using 16-bit indices. Read comment above");
+
+    out_list->push_back(draw_list);
+}
+
+static void AddWindowToDrawData(ImGuiWindow* window, int layer)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = window->Viewport;
+    g.IO.MetricsRenderWindows++;
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost)
+        window->DrawList->ChannelsMerge();
+    AddDrawListToDrawData(&viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[layer], window->DrawList);
+    for (int i = 0; i < window->DC.ChildWindows.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* child = window->DC.ChildWindows[i];
+        if (IsWindowActiveAndVisible(child)) // Clipped children may have been marked not active
+            AddWindowToDrawData(child, layer);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline int GetWindowDisplayLayer(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    return (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip) ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+// Layer is locked for the root window, however child windows may use a different viewport (e.g. extruding menu)
+static inline void AddRootWindowToDrawData(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    AddWindowToDrawData(window, GetWindowDisplayLayer(window));
+}
+
+void ImDrawDataBuilder::FlattenIntoSingleLayer()
+{
+    int n = Layers[0].Size;
+    int size = n;
+    for (int i = 1; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(Layers); i++)
+        size += Layers[i].Size;
+    Layers[0].resize(size);
+    for (int layer_n = 1; layer_n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(Layers); layer_n++)
+    {
+        ImVector<ImDrawList*>& layer = Layers[layer_n];
+        if (layer.empty())
+            continue;
+        memcpy(&Layers[0][n], &layer[0], layer.Size * sizeof(ImDrawList*));
+        n += layer.Size;
+        layer.resize(0);
+    }
+}
+
+static void SetupViewportDrawData(ImGuiViewportP* viewport, ImVector<ImDrawList*>* draw_lists)
+{
+    // When minimized, we report draw_data->DisplaySize as zero to be consistent with non-viewport mode,
+    // and to allow applications/backends to easily skip rendering.
+    // FIXME: Note that we however do NOT attempt to report "zero drawlist / vertices" into the ImDrawData structure.
+    // This is because the work has been done already, and its wasted! We should fix that and add optimizations for
+    // it earlier in the pipeline, rather than pretend to hide the data at the end of the pipeline.
+    const bool is_minimized = (viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized) != 0;
+
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    ImDrawData* draw_data = &viewport->DrawDataP;
+    viewport->DrawData = draw_data; // Make publicly accessible
+    draw_data->Valid = true;
+    draw_data->CmdLists = (draw_lists->Size > 0) ? draw_lists->Data : NULL;
+    draw_data->CmdListsCount = draw_lists->Size;
+    draw_data->TotalVtxCount = draw_data->TotalIdxCount = 0;
+    draw_data->DisplayPos = viewport->Pos;
+    draw_data->DisplaySize = is_minimized ? ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f) : viewport->Size;
+    draw_data->FramebufferScale = io.DisplayFramebufferScale; // FIXME-VIEWPORT: This may vary on a per-monitor/viewport basis?
+    draw_data->OwnerViewport = viewport;
+    for (int n = 0; n < draw_lists->Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = draw_lists->Data[n];
+        draw_list->_PopUnusedDrawCmd();
+        draw_data->TotalVtxCount += draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size;
+        draw_data->TotalIdxCount += draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size;
+    }
+}
+
+// Push a clipping rectangle for both ImGui logic (hit-testing etc.) and low-level ImDrawList rendering.
+// - When using this function it is sane to ensure that float are perfectly rounded to integer values,
+//   so that e.g. (int)(max.x-min.x) in user's render produce correct result.
+// - If the code here changes, may need to update code of functions like NextColumn() and PushColumnClipRect():
+//   some frequently called functions which to modify both channels and clipping simultaneously tend to use the
+//   more specialized SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel() to avoid extraneous updates of underlying ImDrawCmds.
+void ImGui::PushClipRect(const ImVec2& clip_rect_min, const ImVec2& clip_rect_max, bool intersect_with_current_clip_rect)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DrawList->PushClipRect(clip_rect_min, clip_rect_max, intersect_with_current_clip_rect);
+    window->ClipRect = window->DrawList->_ClipRectStack.back();
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopClipRect()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DrawList->PopClipRect();
+    window->ClipRect = window->DrawList->_ClipRectStack.back();
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* FindFrontMostVisibleChildWindow(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    for (int n = window->DC.ChildWindows.Size - 1; n >= 0; n--)
+        if (IsWindowActiveAndVisible(window->DC.ChildWindows[n]))
+            return FindFrontMostVisibleChildWindow(window->DC.ChildWindows[n]);
+    return window;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::RenderDimmedBackgroundBehindWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, ImU32 col)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = window->Viewport;
+    ImRect viewport_rect = viewport->GetMainRect();
+
+    // Draw behind window by moving the draw command at the FRONT of the draw list
+    {
+        // We've already called AddWindowToDrawData() which called DrawList->ChannelsMerge() on DockNodeHost windows,
+        // and draw list have been trimmed already, hence the explicit recreation of a draw command if missing.
+        // FIXME: This is creating complication, might be simpler if we could inject a drawlist in drawdata at a given position and not attempt to manipulate ImDrawCmd order.
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = window->RootWindowDockTree->DrawList;
+        if (draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size == 0)
+            draw_list->AddDrawCmd();
+        draw_list->PushClipRect(viewport_rect.Min - ImVec2(1, 1), viewport_rect.Max + ImVec2(1, 1), false); // Ensure ImDrawCmd are not merged
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(viewport_rect.Min, viewport_rect.Max, col);
+        ImDrawCmd cmd = draw_list->CmdBuffer.back();
+        IM_ASSERT(cmd.ElemCount == 6);
+        draw_list->CmdBuffer.pop_back();
+        draw_list->CmdBuffer.push_front(cmd);
+        draw_list->PopClipRect();
+        draw_list->AddDrawCmd(); // We need to create a command as CmdBuffer.back().IdxOffset won't be correct if we append to same command.
+    }
+
+    // Draw over sibling docking nodes in a same docking tree
+    if (window->RootWindow->DockIsActive)
+    {
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = FindFrontMostVisibleChildWindow(window->RootWindowDockTree)->DrawList;
+        if (draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size == 0)
+            draw_list->AddDrawCmd();
+        draw_list->PushClipRect(viewport_rect.Min, viewport_rect.Max, false);
+        RenderRectFilledWithHole(draw_list, window->RootWindowDockTree->Rect(), window->RootWindow->Rect(), col, 0.0f);// window->RootWindowDockTree->WindowRounding);
+        draw_list->PopClipRect();
+    }
+}
+
+ImGuiWindow* ImGui::FindBottomMostVisibleWindowWithinBeginStack(ImGuiWindow* parent_window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* bottom_most_visible_window = parent_window;
+    for (int i = FindWindowDisplayIndex(parent_window); i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[i];
+        if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+            continue;
+        if (!IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(window, parent_window))
+            break;
+        if (IsWindowActiveAndVisible(window) && GetWindowDisplayLayer(window) <= GetWindowDisplayLayer(parent_window))
+            bottom_most_visible_window = window;
+    }
+    return bottom_most_visible_window;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::RenderDimmedBackgrounds()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* modal_window = GetTopMostAndVisiblePopupModal();
+    if (g.DimBgRatio <= 0.0f && g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha <= 0.0f)
+        return;
+    const bool dim_bg_for_modal = (modal_window != NULL);
+    const bool dim_bg_for_window_list = (g.NavWindowingTargetAnim != NULL && g.NavWindowingTargetAnim->Active);
+    if (!dim_bg_for_modal && !dim_bg_for_window_list)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiViewport* viewports_already_dimmed[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+    if (dim_bg_for_modal)
+    {
+        // Draw dimming behind modal or a begin stack child, whichever comes first in draw order.
+        ImGuiWindow* dim_behind_window = FindBottomMostVisibleWindowWithinBeginStack(modal_window);
+        RenderDimmedBackgroundBehindWindow(dim_behind_window, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg, g.DimBgRatio));
+        viewports_already_dimmed[0] = modal_window->Viewport;
+    }
+    else if (dim_bg_for_window_list)
+    {
+        // Draw dimming behind CTRL+Tab target window and behind CTRL+Tab UI window
+        RenderDimmedBackgroundBehindWindow(g.NavWindowingTargetAnim, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg, g.DimBgRatio));
+        if (g.NavWindowingListWindow != NULL && g.NavWindowingListWindow->Viewport && g.NavWindowingListWindow->Viewport != g.NavWindowingTargetAnim->Viewport)
+            RenderDimmedBackgroundBehindWindow(g.NavWindowingListWindow, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg, g.DimBgRatio));
+        viewports_already_dimmed[0] = g.NavWindowingTargetAnim->Viewport;
+        viewports_already_dimmed[1] = g.NavWindowingListWindow ? g.NavWindowingListWindow->Viewport : NULL;
+
+        // Draw border around CTRL+Tab target window
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindowingTargetAnim;
+        ImGuiViewport* viewport = window->Viewport;
+        float distance = g.FontSize;
+        ImRect bb = window->Rect();
+        bb.Expand(distance);
+        if (bb.GetWidth() >= viewport->Size.x && bb.GetHeight() >= viewport->Size.y)
+            bb.Expand(-distance - 1.0f); // If a window fits the entire viewport, adjust its highlight inward
+        if (window->DrawList->CmdBuffer.Size == 0)
+            window->DrawList->AddDrawCmd();
+        window->DrawList->PushClipRect(viewport->Pos, viewport->Pos + viewport->Size);
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight, g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha), window->WindowRounding, 0, 3.0f);
+        window->DrawList->PopClipRect();
+    }
+
+    // Draw dimming background on _other_ viewports than the ones our windows are in
+    for (int viewport_n = 0; viewport_n < g.Viewports.Size; viewport_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[viewport_n];
+        if (viewport == viewports_already_dimmed[0] || viewport == viewports_already_dimmed[1])
+            continue;
+        if (modal_window && viewport->Window && IsWindowAbove(viewport->Window, modal_window))
+            continue;
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(viewport);
+        const ImU32 dim_bg_col = GetColorU32(dim_bg_for_modal ? ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg : ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg, g.DimBgRatio);
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(viewport->Pos, viewport->Pos + viewport->Size, dim_bg_col);
+    }
+}
+
+// This is normally called by Render(). You may want to call it directly if you want to avoid calling Render() but the gain will be very minimal.
+void ImGui::EndFrame()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Initialized);
+
+    // Don't process EndFrame() multiple times.
+    if (g.FrameCountEnded == g.FrameCount)
+        return;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.WithinFrameScope && "Forgot to call ImGui::NewFrame()?");
+
+    CallContextHooks(&g, ImGuiContextHookType_EndFramePre);
+
+    ErrorCheckEndFrameSanityChecks();
+
+    // Notify Platform/OS when our Input Method Editor cursor has moved (e.g. CJK inputs using Microsoft IME)
+    ImGuiPlatformImeData* ime_data = &g.PlatformImeData;
+    if (g.IO.SetPlatformImeDataFn && memcmp(ime_data, &g.PlatformImeDataPrev, sizeof(ImGuiPlatformImeData)) != 0)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewport* viewport = FindViewportByID(g.PlatformImeViewport);
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("Calling io.SetPlatformImeDataFn(): WantVisible: %d, InputPos (%.2f,%.2f)\n", ime_data->WantVisible, ime_data->InputPos.x, ime_data->InputPos.y);
+        if (viewport == NULL)
+            viewport = GetMainViewport();
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+        if (viewport->PlatformHandleRaw == NULL && g.IO.ImeWindowHandle != NULL)
+        {
+            viewport->PlatformHandleRaw = g.IO.ImeWindowHandle;
+            g.IO.SetPlatformImeDataFn(viewport, ime_data);
+            viewport->PlatformHandleRaw = NULL;
+        }
+        else
+#endif
+        {
+            g.IO.SetPlatformImeDataFn(viewport, ime_data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Hide implicit/fallback "Debug" window if it hasn't been used
+    g.WithinFrameScopeWithImplicitWindow = false;
+    if (g.CurrentWindow && !g.CurrentWindow->WriteAccessed)
+        g.CurrentWindow->Active = false;
+    End();
+
+    // Update navigation: CTRL+Tab, wrap-around requests
+    NavEndFrame();
+
+    // Update docking
+    DockContextEndFrame(&g);
+
+    SetCurrentViewport(NULL, NULL);
+
+    // Drag and Drop: Elapse payload (if delivered, or if source stops being submitted)
+    if (g.DragDropActive)
+    {
+        bool is_delivered = g.DragDropPayload.Delivery;
+        bool is_elapsed = (g.DragDropPayload.DataFrameCount + 1 < g.FrameCount) && ((g.DragDropSourceFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceAutoExpirePayload) || !IsMouseDown(g.DragDropMouseButton));
+        if (is_delivered || is_elapsed)
+            ClearDragDrop();
+    }
+
+    // Drag and Drop: Fallback for source tooltip. This is not ideal but better than nothing.
+    if (g.DragDropActive && g.DragDropSourceFrameCount < g.FrameCount && !(g.DragDropSourceFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoPreviewTooltip))
+    {
+        g.DragDropWithinSource = true;
+        SetTooltip("...");
+        g.DragDropWithinSource = false;
+    }
+
+    // End frame
+    g.WithinFrameScope = false;
+    g.FrameCountEnded = g.FrameCount;
+
+    // Initiate moving window + handle left-click and right-click focus
+    UpdateMouseMovingWindowEndFrame();
+
+    // Update user-facing viewport list (g.Viewports -> g.PlatformIO.Viewports after filtering out some)
+    UpdateViewportsEndFrame();
+
+    // Sort the window list so that all child windows are after their parent
+    // We cannot do that on FocusWindow() because children may not exist yet
+    g.WindowsTempSortBuffer.resize(0);
+    g.WindowsTempSortBuffer.reserve(g.Windows.Size);
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Windows.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[i];
+        if (window->Active && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow))       // if a child is active its parent will add it
+            continue;
+        AddWindowToSortBuffer(&g.WindowsTempSortBuffer, window);
+    }
+
+    // This usually assert if there is a mismatch between the ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow / ParentWindow values and DC.ChildWindows[] in parents, aka we've done something wrong.
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Windows.Size == g.WindowsTempSortBuffer.Size);
+    g.Windows.swap(g.WindowsTempSortBuffer);
+    g.IO.MetricsActiveWindows = g.WindowsActiveCount;
+
+    // Unlock font atlas
+    g.IO.Fonts->Locked = false;
+
+    // Clear Input data for next frame
+    g.IO.AppFocusLost = false;
+    g.IO.MouseWheel = g.IO.MouseWheelH = 0.0f;
+    g.IO.InputQueueCharacters.resize(0);
+
+    CallContextHooks(&g, ImGuiContextHookType_EndFramePost);
+}
+
+// Prepare the data for rendering so you can call GetDrawData()
+// (As with anything within the ImGui:: namspace this doesn't touch your GPU or graphics API at all:
+// it is the role of the ImGui_ImplXXXX_RenderDrawData() function provided by the renderer backend)
+void ImGui::Render()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Initialized);
+
+    if (g.FrameCountEnded != g.FrameCount)
+        EndFrame();
+    const bool first_render_of_frame = (g.FrameCountRendered != g.FrameCount);
+    g.FrameCountRendered = g.FrameCount;
+    g.IO.MetricsRenderWindows = 0;
+
+    CallContextHooks(&g, ImGuiContextHookType_RenderPre);
+
+    // Add background ImDrawList (for each active viewport)
+    for (int n = 0; n != g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+        viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Clear();
+        if (viewport->DrawLists[0] != NULL)
+            AddDrawListToDrawData(&viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[0], GetBackgroundDrawList(viewport));
+    }
+
+    // Add ImDrawList to render
+    ImGuiWindow* windows_to_render_top_most[2];
+    windows_to_render_top_most[0] = (g.NavWindowingTarget && !(g.NavWindowingTarget->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus)) ? g.NavWindowingTarget->RootWindowDockTree : NULL;
+    windows_to_render_top_most[1] = (g.NavWindowingTarget ? g.NavWindowingListWindow : NULL);
+    for (int n = 0; n != g.Windows.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[n];
+        IM_MSVC_WARNING_SUPPRESS(6011); // Static Analysis false positive "warning C6011: Dereferencing NULL pointer 'window'"
+        if (IsWindowActiveAndVisible(window) && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) == 0 && window != windows_to_render_top_most[0] && window != windows_to_render_top_most[1])
+            AddRootWindowToDrawData(window);
+    }
+    for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(windows_to_render_top_most); n++)
+        if (windows_to_render_top_most[n] && IsWindowActiveAndVisible(windows_to_render_top_most[n])) // NavWindowingTarget is always temporarily displayed as the top-most window
+            AddRootWindowToDrawData(windows_to_render_top_most[n]);
+
+    // Draw modal/window whitening backgrounds
+    if (first_render_of_frame)
+        RenderDimmedBackgrounds();
+
+    // Draw software mouse cursor if requested by io.MouseDrawCursor flag
+    if (g.IO.MouseDrawCursor && first_render_of_frame && g.MouseCursor != ImGuiMouseCursor_None)
+        RenderMouseCursor(g.IO.MousePos, g.Style.MouseCursorScale, g.MouseCursor, IM_COL32_WHITE, IM_COL32_BLACK, IM_COL32(0, 0, 0, 48));
+
+    // Setup ImDrawData structures for end-user
+    g.IO.MetricsRenderVertices = g.IO.MetricsRenderIndices = 0;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+        viewport->DrawDataBuilder.FlattenIntoSingleLayer();
+
+        // Add foreground ImDrawList (for each active viewport)
+        if (viewport->DrawLists[1] != NULL)
+            AddDrawListToDrawData(&viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[0], GetForegroundDrawList(viewport));
+
+        SetupViewportDrawData(viewport, &viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[0]);
+        ImDrawData* draw_data = viewport->DrawData;
+        g.IO.MetricsRenderVertices += draw_data->TotalVtxCount;
+        g.IO.MetricsRenderIndices += draw_data->TotalIdxCount;
+    }
+
+    CallContextHooks(&g, ImGuiContextHookType_RenderPost);
+}
+
+// Calculate text size. Text can be multi-line. Optionally ignore text after a ## marker.
+// CalcTextSize("") should return ImVec2(0.0f, g.FontSize)
+ImVec2 ImGui::CalcTextSize(const char* text, const char* text_end, bool hide_text_after_double_hash, float wrap_width)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    const char* text_display_end;
+    if (hide_text_after_double_hash)
+        text_display_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(text, text_end);      // Hide anything after a '##' string
+    else
+        text_display_end = text_end;
+
+    ImFont* font = g.Font;
+    const float font_size = g.FontSize;
+    if (text == text_display_end)
+        return ImVec2(0.0f, font_size);
+    ImVec2 text_size = font->CalcTextSizeA(font_size, FLT_MAX, wrap_width, text, text_display_end, NULL);
+
+    // Round
+    // FIXME: This has been here since Dec 2015 (7b0bf230) but down the line we want this out.
+    // FIXME: Investigate using ceilf or e.g.
+    // - https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/tree/src/math/ceilf.c
+    // - https://embarkstudios.github.io/rust-gpu/api/src/libm/math/ceilf.rs.html
+    text_size.x = IM_FLOOR(text_size.x + 0.99999f);
+
+    return text_size;
+}
+
+// Find window given position, search front-to-back
+// FIXME: Note that we have an inconsequential lag here: OuterRectClipped is updated in Begin(), so windows moved programmatically
+// with SetWindowPos() and not SetNextWindowPos() will have that rectangle lagging by a frame at the time FindHoveredWindow() is
+// called, aka before the next Begin(). Moving window isn't affected.
+static void FindHoveredWindow()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Special handling for the window being moved: Ignore the mouse viewport check (because it may reset/lose its viewport during the undocking frame)
+    ImGuiViewportP* moving_window_viewport = g.MovingWindow ? g.MovingWindow->Viewport : NULL;
+    if (g.MovingWindow)
+        g.MovingWindow->Viewport = g.MouseViewport;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* hovered_window = NULL;
+    ImGuiWindow* hovered_window_ignoring_moving_window = NULL;
+    if (g.MovingWindow && !(g.MovingWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs))
+        hovered_window = g.MovingWindow;
+
+    ImVec2 padding_regular = g.Style.TouchExtraPadding;
+    ImVec2 padding_for_resize = g.IO.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges ? g.WindowsHoverPadding : padding_regular;
+    for (int i = g.Windows.Size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[i];
+        IM_MSVC_WARNING_SUPPRESS(28182); // [Static Analyzer] Dereferencing NULL pointer.
+        if (!window->Active || window->Hidden)
+            continue;
+        if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs)
+            continue;
+        IM_ASSERT(window->Viewport);
+        if (window->Viewport != g.MouseViewport)
+            continue;
+
+        // Using the clipped AABB, a child window will typically be clipped by its parent (not always)
+        ImRect bb(window->OuterRectClipped);
+        if (window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
+            bb.Expand(padding_regular);
+        else
+            bb.Expand(padding_for_resize);
+        if (!bb.Contains(g.IO.MousePos))
+            continue;
+
+        // Support for one rectangular hole in any given window
+        // FIXME: Consider generalizing hit-testing override (with more generic data, callback, etc.) (#1512)
+        if (window->HitTestHoleSize.x != 0)
+        {
+            ImVec2 hole_pos(window->Pos.x + (float)window->HitTestHoleOffset.x, window->Pos.y + (float)window->HitTestHoleOffset.y);
+            ImVec2 hole_size((float)window->HitTestHoleSize.x, (float)window->HitTestHoleSize.y);
+            if (ImRect(hole_pos, hole_pos + hole_size).Contains(g.IO.MousePos))
+                continue;
+        }
+
+        if (hovered_window == NULL)
+            hovered_window = window;
+        IM_MSVC_WARNING_SUPPRESS(28182); // [Static Analyzer] Dereferencing NULL pointer.
+        if (hovered_window_ignoring_moving_window == NULL && (!g.MovingWindow || window->RootWindowDockTree != g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree))
+            hovered_window_ignoring_moving_window = window;
+        if (hovered_window && hovered_window_ignoring_moving_window)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    g.HoveredWindow = hovered_window;
+    g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow = hovered_window_ignoring_moving_window;
+
+    if (g.MovingWindow)
+        g.MovingWindow->Viewport = moving_window_viewport;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemActive()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ActiveId)
+        return g.ActiveId == g.LastItemData.ID;
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemActivated()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ActiveId)
+        if (g.ActiveId == g.LastItemData.ID && g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame != g.LastItemData.ID)
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemDeactivated()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDeactivated)
+        return (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Deactivated) != 0;
+    return (g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame == g.LastItemData.ID && g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame != 0 && g.ActiveId != g.LastItemData.ID);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return IsItemDeactivated() && (g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameHasBeenEditedBefore || (g.ActiveId == 0 && g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedBefore));
+}
+
+// == GetItemID() == GetFocusID()
+bool ImGui::IsItemFocused()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.NavId != g.LastItemData.ID || g.NavId == 0)
+        return false;
+
+    // Special handling for the dummy item after Begin() which represent the title bar or tab.
+    // When the window is collapsed (SkipItems==true) that last item will never be overwritten so we need to detect the case.
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (g.LastItemData.ID == window->ID && window->WriteAccessed)
+        return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Important: this can be useful but it is NOT equivalent to the behavior of e.g.Button()!
+// Most widgets have specific reactions based on mouse-up/down state, mouse position etc.
+bool ImGui::IsItemClicked(ImGuiMouseButton mouse_button)
+{
+    return IsMouseClicked(mouse_button) && IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_None);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemToggledOpen()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_ToggledOpen) ? true : false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemToggledSelection()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_ToggledSelection) ? true : false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsAnyItemHovered()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.HoveredId != 0 || g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame != 0;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsAnyItemActive()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.ActiveId != 0;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsAnyItemFocused()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.NavId != 0 && !g.NavDisableHighlight;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemVisible()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Visible) != 0;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsItemEdited()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Edited) != 0;
+}
+
+// Allow last item to be overlapped by a subsequent item. Both may be activated during the same frame before the later one takes priority.
+// FIXME: Although this is exposed, its interaction and ideal idiom with using ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap flag are extremely confusing, need rework.
+void ImGui::SetItemAllowOverlap()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiID id = g.LastItemData.ID;
+    if (g.HoveredId == id)
+        g.HoveredIdAllowOverlap = true;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+        g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap = true;
+}
+
+// FIXME: It might be undesirable that this will likely disable KeyOwner-aware shortcuts systems. Consider a more fine-tuned version for the two users of this function.
+void ImGui::SetActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.ActiveId != 0);
+    g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask = (1 << ImGuiDir_COUNT) - 1;
+    g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys = true;
+    NavMoveRequestCancel();
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetItemID()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.LastItemData.ID;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetItemRectMin()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.LastItemData.Rect.Min;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetItemRectMax()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.LastItemData.Rect.Max;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetItemRectSize()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.LastItemData.Rect.GetSize();
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginChildEx(const char* name, ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size_arg, bool border, ImGuiWindowFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* parent_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    flags |= (parent_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove);  // Inherit the NoMove flag
+
+    // Size
+    const ImVec2 content_avail = GetContentRegionAvail();
+    ImVec2 size = ImFloor(size_arg);
+    const int auto_fit_axises = ((size.x == 0.0f) ? (1 << ImGuiAxis_X) : 0x00) | ((size.y == 0.0f) ? (1 << ImGuiAxis_Y) : 0x00);
+    if (size.x <= 0.0f)
+        size.x = ImMax(content_avail.x + size.x, 4.0f); // Arbitrary minimum child size (0.0f causing too many issues)
+    if (size.y <= 0.0f)
+        size.y = ImMax(content_avail.y + size.y, 4.0f);
+    SetNextWindowSize(size);
+
+    // Build up name. If you need to append to a same child from multiple location in the ID stack, use BeginChild(ImGuiID id) with a stable value.
+    const char* temp_window_name;
+    if (name)
+        ImFormatStringToTempBuffer(&temp_window_name, NULL, "%s/%s_%08X", parent_window->Name, name, id);
+    else
+        ImFormatStringToTempBuffer(&temp_window_name, NULL, "%s/%08X", parent_window->Name, id);
+
+    const float backup_border_size = g.Style.ChildBorderSize;
+    if (!border)
+        g.Style.ChildBorderSize = 0.0f;
+    bool ret = Begin(temp_window_name, NULL, flags);
+    g.Style.ChildBorderSize = backup_border_size;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* child_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    child_window->ChildId = id;
+    child_window->AutoFitChildAxises = (ImS8)auto_fit_axises;
+
+    // Set the cursor to handle case where the user called SetNextWindowPos()+BeginChild() manually.
+    // While this is not really documented/defined, it seems that the expected thing to do.
+    if (child_window->BeginCount == 1)
+        parent_window->DC.CursorPos = child_window->Pos;
+
+    // Process navigation-in immediately so NavInit can run on first frame
+    if (g.NavActivateId == id && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened) && (child_window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask != 0 || child_window->DC.NavHasScroll))
+    {
+        FocusWindow(child_window);
+        NavInitWindow(child_window, false);
+        SetActiveID(id + 1, child_window); // Steal ActiveId with another arbitrary id so that key-press won't activate child item
+        g.ActiveIdSource = g.NavInputSource;
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginChild(const char* str_id, const ImVec2& size_arg, bool border, ImGuiWindowFlags extra_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    return BeginChildEx(str_id, window->GetID(str_id), size_arg, border, extra_flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginChild(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size_arg, bool border, ImGuiWindowFlags extra_flags)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(id != 0);
+    return BeginChildEx(NULL, id, size_arg, border, extra_flags);
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndChild()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(g.WithinEndChild == false);
+    IM_ASSERT(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow);   // Mismatched BeginChild()/EndChild() calls
+
+    g.WithinEndChild = true;
+    if (window->BeginCount > 1)
+    {
+        End();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ImVec2 sz = window->Size;
+        if (window->AutoFitChildAxises & (1 << ImGuiAxis_X)) // Arbitrary minimum zero-ish child size of 4.0f causes less trouble than a 0.0f
+            sz.x = ImMax(4.0f, sz.x);
+        if (window->AutoFitChildAxises & (1 << ImGuiAxis_Y))
+            sz.y = ImMax(4.0f, sz.y);
+        End();
+
+        ImGuiWindow* parent_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+        ImRect bb(parent_window->DC.CursorPos, parent_window->DC.CursorPos + sz);
+        ItemSize(sz);
+        if ((window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask != 0 || window->DC.NavHasScroll) && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened))
+        {
+            ItemAdd(bb, window->ChildId);
+            RenderNavHighlight(bb, window->ChildId);
+
+            // When browsing a window that has no activable items (scroll only) we keep a highlight on the child (pass g.NavId to trick into always displaying)
+            if (window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask == 0 && window == g.NavWindow)
+                RenderNavHighlight(ImRect(bb.Min - ImVec2(2, 2), bb.Max + ImVec2(2, 2)), g.NavId, ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeThin);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Not navigable into
+            ItemAdd(bb, 0);
+        }
+        if (g.HoveredWindow == window)
+            g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow;
+    }
+    g.WithinEndChild = false;
+    g.LogLinePosY = -FLT_MAX; // To enforce a carriage return
+}
+
+// Helper to create a child window / scrolling region that looks like a normal widget frame.
+bool ImGui::BeginChildFrame(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiWindowFlags extra_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ChildBg, style.Colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]);
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding, style.FrameRounding);
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ChildBorderSize, style.FrameBorderSize);
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, style.FramePadding);
+    bool ret = BeginChild(id, size, true, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysUseWindowPadding | extra_flags);
+    PopStyleVar(3);
+    PopStyleColor();
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndChildFrame()
+{
+    EndChild();
+}
+
+static void SetWindowConditionAllowFlags(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiCond flags, bool enabled)
+{
+    window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags       = enabled ? (window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags       | flags) : (window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags       & ~flags);
+    window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags      = enabled ? (window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags      | flags) : (window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags      & ~flags);
+    window->SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags = enabled ? (window->SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags | flags) : (window->SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags & ~flags);
+    window->SetWindowDockAllowFlags      = enabled ? (window->SetWindowDockAllowFlags      | flags) : (window->SetWindowDockAllowFlags      & ~flags);
+}
+
+ImGuiWindow* ImGui::FindWindowByID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (ImGuiWindow*)g.WindowsById.GetVoidPtr(id);
+}
+
+ImGuiWindow* ImGui::FindWindowByName(const char* name)
+{
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashStr(name);
+    return FindWindowByID(id);
+}
+
+static void ApplyWindowSettings(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindowSettings* settings)
+{
+    const ImGuiViewport* main_viewport = ImGui::GetMainViewport();
+    window->ViewportPos = main_viewport->Pos;
+    if (settings->ViewportId)
+    {
+        window->ViewportId = settings->ViewportId;
+        window->ViewportPos = ImVec2(settings->ViewportPos.x, settings->ViewportPos.y);
+    }
+    window->Pos = ImFloor(ImVec2(settings->Pos.x + window->ViewportPos.x, settings->Pos.y + window->ViewportPos.y));
+    if (settings->Size.x > 0 && settings->Size.y > 0)
+        window->Size = window->SizeFull = ImFloor(ImVec2(settings->Size.x, settings->Size.y));
+    window->Collapsed = settings->Collapsed;
+    window->DockId = settings->DockId;
+    window->DockOrder = settings->DockOrder;
+}
+
+static void UpdateWindowInFocusOrderList(ImGuiWindow* window, bool just_created, ImGuiWindowFlags new_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    const bool new_is_explicit_child = (new_flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) != 0 && ((new_flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) == 0 || (new_flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu) != 0);
+    const bool child_flag_changed = new_is_explicit_child != window->IsExplicitChild;
+    if ((just_created || child_flag_changed) && !new_is_explicit_child)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(!g.WindowsFocusOrder.contains(window));
+        g.WindowsFocusOrder.push_back(window);
+        window->FocusOrder = (short)(g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size - 1);
+    }
+    else if (!just_created && child_flag_changed && new_is_explicit_child)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(g.WindowsFocusOrder[window->FocusOrder] == window);
+        for (int n = window->FocusOrder + 1; n < g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size; n++)
+            g.WindowsFocusOrder[n]->FocusOrder--;
+        g.WindowsFocusOrder.erase(g.WindowsFocusOrder.Data + window->FocusOrder);
+        window->FocusOrder = -1;
+    }
+    window->IsExplicitChild = new_is_explicit_child;
+}
+
+static void InitOrLoadWindowSettings(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindowSettings* settings)
+{
+    // Initial window state with e.g. default/arbitrary window position
+    // Use SetNextWindowPos() with the appropriate condition flag to change the initial position of a window.
+    const ImGuiViewport* main_viewport = ImGui::GetMainViewport();
+    window->Pos = main_viewport->Pos + ImVec2(60, 60);
+    window->ViewportPos = main_viewport->Pos;
+    window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags = window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags = window->SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags = window->SetWindowDockAllowFlags = ImGuiCond_Always | ImGuiCond_Once | ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver | ImGuiCond_Appearing;
+
+    if (settings != NULL)
+    {
+        SetWindowConditionAllowFlags(window, ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver, false);
+        ApplyWindowSettings(window, settings);
+    }
+    window->DC.CursorStartPos = window->DC.CursorMaxPos = window->DC.IdealMaxPos = window->Pos; // So first call to CalcWindowContentSizes() doesn't return crazy values
+
+    if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize) != 0)
+    {
+        window->AutoFitFramesX = window->AutoFitFramesY = 2;
+        window->AutoFitOnlyGrows = false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (window->Size.x <= 0.0f)
+            window->AutoFitFramesX = 2;
+        if (window->Size.y <= 0.0f)
+            window->AutoFitFramesY = 2;
+        window->AutoFitOnlyGrows = (window->AutoFitFramesX > 0) || (window->AutoFitFramesY > 0);
+    }
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* CreateNewWindow(const char* name, ImGuiWindowFlags flags)
+{
+    // Create window the first time
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG("CreateNewWindow '%s', flags = 0x%08X\n", name, flags);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = IM_NEW(ImGuiWindow)(&g, name);
+    window->Flags = flags;
+    g.WindowsById.SetVoidPtr(window->ID, window);
+
+    ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = NULL;
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings))
+        if ((settings = ImGui::FindWindowSettingsByWindow(window)) != 0)
+            window->SettingsOffset = g.SettingsWindows.offset_from_ptr(settings);
+
+    InitOrLoadWindowSettings(window, settings);
+
+    if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus)
+        g.Windows.push_front(window); // Quite slow but rare and only once
+    else
+        g.Windows.push_back(window);
+
+    return window;
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* GetWindowForTitleDisplay(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    return window->DockNodeAsHost ? window->DockNodeAsHost->VisibleWindow : window;
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* GetWindowForTitleAndMenuHeight(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    return (window->DockNodeAsHost && window->DockNodeAsHost->VisibleWindow) ? window->DockNodeAsHost->VisibleWindow : window;
+}
+
+static ImVec2 CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& size_desired)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImVec2 new_size = size_desired;
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSizeConstraint)
+    {
+        // Using -1,-1 on either X/Y axis to preserve the current size.
+        ImRect cr = g.NextWindowData.SizeConstraintRect;
+        new_size.x = (cr.Min.x >= 0 && cr.Max.x >= 0) ? ImClamp(new_size.x, cr.Min.x, cr.Max.x) : window->SizeFull.x;
+        new_size.y = (cr.Min.y >= 0 && cr.Max.y >= 0) ? ImClamp(new_size.y, cr.Min.y, cr.Max.y) : window->SizeFull.y;
+        if (g.NextWindowData.SizeCallback)
+        {
+            ImGuiSizeCallbackData data;
+            data.UserData = g.NextWindowData.SizeCallbackUserData;
+            data.Pos = window->Pos;
+            data.CurrentSize = window->SizeFull;
+            data.DesiredSize = new_size;
+            g.NextWindowData.SizeCallback(&data);
+            new_size = data.DesiredSize;
+        }
+        new_size.x = IM_FLOOR(new_size.x);
+        new_size.y = IM_FLOOR(new_size.y);
+    }
+
+    // Minimum size
+    if (!(window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)))
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window_for_height = GetWindowForTitleAndMenuHeight(window);
+        new_size = ImMax(new_size, g.Style.WindowMinSize);
+        const float minimum_height = window_for_height->TitleBarHeight() + window_for_height->MenuBarHeight() + ImMax(0.0f, g.Style.WindowRounding - 1.0f);
+        new_size.y = ImMax(new_size.y, minimum_height); // Reduce artifacts with very small windows
+    }
+    return new_size;
+}
+
+static void CalcWindowContentSizes(ImGuiWindow* window, ImVec2* content_size_current, ImVec2* content_size_ideal)
+{
+    bool preserve_old_content_sizes = false;
+    if (window->Collapsed && window->AutoFitFramesX <= 0 && window->AutoFitFramesY <= 0)
+        preserve_old_content_sizes = true;
+    else if (window->Hidden && window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems == 0 && window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems > 0)
+        preserve_old_content_sizes = true;
+    if (preserve_old_content_sizes)
+    {
+        *content_size_current = window->ContentSize;
+        *content_size_ideal = window->ContentSizeIdeal;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    content_size_current->x = (window->ContentSizeExplicit.x != 0.0f) ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.x : IM_FLOOR(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x - window->DC.CursorStartPos.x);
+    content_size_current->y = (window->ContentSizeExplicit.y != 0.0f) ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.y : IM_FLOOR(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y - window->DC.CursorStartPos.y);
+    content_size_ideal->x = (window->ContentSizeExplicit.x != 0.0f) ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.x : IM_FLOOR(ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x, window->DC.IdealMaxPos.x) - window->DC.CursorStartPos.x);
+    content_size_ideal->y = (window->ContentSizeExplicit.y != 0.0f) ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.y : IM_FLOOR(ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y, window->DC.IdealMaxPos.y) - window->DC.CursorStartPos.y);
+}
+
+static ImVec2 CalcWindowAutoFitSize(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& size_contents)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const float decoration_w_without_scrollbars = window->DecoOuterSizeX1 + window->DecoOuterSizeX2 - window->ScrollbarSizes.x;
+    const float decoration_h_without_scrollbars = window->DecoOuterSizeY1 + window->DecoOuterSizeY2 - window->ScrollbarSizes.y;
+    ImVec2 size_pad = window->WindowPadding * 2.0f;
+    ImVec2 size_desired = size_contents + size_pad + ImVec2(decoration_w_without_scrollbars, decoration_h_without_scrollbars);
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)
+    {
+        // Tooltip always resize
+        return size_desired;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Maximum window size is determined by the viewport size or monitor size
+        const bool is_popup = (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) != 0;
+        const bool is_menu = (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu) != 0;
+        ImVec2 size_min = style.WindowMinSize;
+        if (is_popup || is_menu) // Popups and menus bypass style.WindowMinSize by default, but we give then a non-zero minimum size to facilitate understanding problematic cases (e.g. empty popups)
+            size_min = ImMin(size_min, ImVec2(4.0f, 4.0f));
+
+        ImVec2 avail_size = window->Viewport->WorkSize;
+        if (window->ViewportOwned)
+            avail_size = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+        const int monitor_idx = window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend;
+        if (monitor_idx >= 0 && monitor_idx < g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size)
+            avail_size = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[monitor_idx].WorkSize;
+        ImVec2 size_auto_fit = ImClamp(size_desired, size_min, ImMax(size_min, avail_size - style.DisplaySafeAreaPadding * 2.0f));
+
+        // When the window cannot fit all contents (either because of constraints, either because screen is too small),
+        // we are growing the size on the other axis to compensate for expected scrollbar. FIXME: Might turn bigger than ViewportSize-WindowPadding.
+        ImVec2 size_auto_fit_after_constraint = CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint(window, size_auto_fit);
+        bool will_have_scrollbar_x = (size_auto_fit_after_constraint.x - size_pad.x - decoration_w_without_scrollbars < size_contents.x  && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar) && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar)) || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysHorizontalScrollbar);
+        bool will_have_scrollbar_y = (size_auto_fit_after_constraint.y - size_pad.y - decoration_h_without_scrollbars < size_contents.y && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar)) || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysVerticalScrollbar);
+        if (will_have_scrollbar_x)
+            size_auto_fit.y += style.ScrollbarSize;
+        if (will_have_scrollbar_y)
+            size_auto_fit.x += style.ScrollbarSize;
+        return size_auto_fit;
+    }
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::CalcWindowNextAutoFitSize(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImVec2 size_contents_current;
+    ImVec2 size_contents_ideal;
+    CalcWindowContentSizes(window, &size_contents_current, &size_contents_ideal);
+    ImVec2 size_auto_fit = CalcWindowAutoFitSize(window, size_contents_ideal);
+    ImVec2 size_final = CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint(window, size_auto_fit);
+    return size_final;
+}
+
+static ImGuiCol GetWindowBgColorIdx(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    if (window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip | ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup))
+        return ImGuiCol_PopupBg;
+    if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && !window->DockIsActive)
+        return ImGuiCol_ChildBg;
+    return ImGuiCol_WindowBg;
+}
+
+static void CalcResizePosSizeFromAnyCorner(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& corner_target, const ImVec2& corner_norm, ImVec2* out_pos, ImVec2* out_size)
+{
+    ImVec2 pos_min = ImLerp(corner_target, window->Pos, corner_norm);                // Expected window upper-left
+    ImVec2 pos_max = ImLerp(window->Pos + window->Size, corner_target, corner_norm); // Expected window lower-right
+    ImVec2 size_expected = pos_max - pos_min;
+    ImVec2 size_constrained = CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint(window, size_expected);
+    *out_pos = pos_min;
+    if (corner_norm.x == 0.0f)
+        out_pos->x -= (size_constrained.x - size_expected.x);
+    if (corner_norm.y == 0.0f)
+        out_pos->y -= (size_constrained.y - size_expected.y);
+    *out_size = size_constrained;
+}
+
+// Data for resizing from corner
+struct ImGuiResizeGripDef
+{
+    ImVec2  CornerPosN;
+    ImVec2  InnerDir;
+    int     AngleMin12, AngleMax12;
+};
+static const ImGuiResizeGripDef resize_grip_def[4] =
+{
+    { ImVec2(1, 1), ImVec2(-1, -1), 0, 3 },  // Lower-right
+    { ImVec2(0, 1), ImVec2(+1, -1), 3, 6 },  // Lower-left
+    { ImVec2(0, 0), ImVec2(+1, +1), 6, 9 },  // Upper-left (Unused)
+    { ImVec2(1, 0), ImVec2(-1, +1), 9, 12 }  // Upper-right (Unused)
+};
+
+// Data for resizing from borders
+struct ImGuiResizeBorderDef
+{
+    ImVec2 InnerDir;
+    ImVec2 SegmentN1, SegmentN2;
+    float  OuterAngle;
+};
+static const ImGuiResizeBorderDef resize_border_def[4] =
+{
+    { ImVec2(+1, 0), ImVec2(0, 1), ImVec2(0, 0), IM_PI * 1.00f }, // Left
+    { ImVec2(-1, 0), ImVec2(1, 0), ImVec2(1, 1), IM_PI * 0.00f }, // Right
+    { ImVec2(0, +1), ImVec2(0, 0), ImVec2(1, 0), IM_PI * 1.50f }, // Up
+    { ImVec2(0, -1), ImVec2(1, 1), ImVec2(0, 1), IM_PI * 0.50f }  // Down
+};
+
+static ImRect GetResizeBorderRect(ImGuiWindow* window, int border_n, float perp_padding, float thickness)
+{
+    ImRect rect = window->Rect();
+    if (thickness == 0.0f)
+        rect.Max -= ImVec2(1, 1);
+    if (border_n == ImGuiDir_Left)  { return ImRect(rect.Min.x - thickness,    rect.Min.y + perp_padding, rect.Min.x + thickness,    rect.Max.y - perp_padding); }
+    if (border_n == ImGuiDir_Right) { return ImRect(rect.Max.x - thickness,    rect.Min.y + perp_padding, rect.Max.x + thickness,    rect.Max.y - perp_padding); }
+    if (border_n == ImGuiDir_Up)    { return ImRect(rect.Min.x + perp_padding, rect.Min.y - thickness,    rect.Max.x - perp_padding, rect.Min.y + thickness);    }
+    if (border_n == ImGuiDir_Down)  { return ImRect(rect.Min.x + perp_padding, rect.Max.y - thickness,    rect.Max.x - perp_padding, rect.Max.y + thickness);    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return ImRect();
+}
+
+// 0..3: corners (Lower-right, Lower-left, Unused, Unused)
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetWindowResizeCornerID(ImGuiWindow* window, int n)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < 4);
+    ImGuiID id = window->DockIsActive ? window->DockNode->HostWindow->ID : window->ID;
+    id = ImHashStr("#RESIZE", 0, id);
+    id = ImHashData(&n, sizeof(int), id);
+    return id;
+}
+
+// Borders (Left, Right, Up, Down)
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetWindowResizeBorderID(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiDir dir)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(dir >= 0 && dir < 4);
+    int n = (int)dir + 4;
+    ImGuiID id = window->DockIsActive ? window->DockNode->HostWindow->ID : window->ID;
+    id = ImHashStr("#RESIZE", 0, id);
+    id = ImHashData(&n, sizeof(int), id);
+    return id;
+}
+
+// Handle resize for: Resize Grips, Borders, Gamepad
+// Return true when using auto-fit (double-click on resize grip)
+static bool ImGui::UpdateWindowManualResize(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& size_auto_fit, int* border_held, int resize_grip_count, ImU32 resize_grip_col[4], const ImRect& visibility_rect)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindowFlags flags = window->Flags;
+
+    if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize) || (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize) || window->AutoFitFramesX > 0 || window->AutoFitFramesY > 0)
+        return false;
+    if (window->WasActive == false) // Early out to avoid running this code for e.g. a hidden implicit/fallback Debug window.
+        return false;
+
+    bool ret_auto_fit = false;
+    const int resize_border_count = g.IO.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges ? 4 : 0;
+    const float grip_draw_size = IM_FLOOR(ImMax(g.FontSize * 1.35f, window->WindowRounding + 1.0f + g.FontSize * 0.2f));
+    const float grip_hover_inner_size = IM_FLOOR(grip_draw_size * 0.75f);
+    const float grip_hover_outer_size = g.IO.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges ? WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING : 0.0f;
+
+    ImVec2 pos_target(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+    ImVec2 size_target(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+
+    // Clip mouse interaction rectangles within the viewport rectangle (in practice the narrowing is going to happen most of the time).
+    // - Not narrowing would mostly benefit the situation where OS windows _without_ decoration have a threshold for hovering when outside their limits.
+    //   This is however not the case with current backends under Win32, but a custom borderless window implementation would benefit from it.
+    // - When decoration are enabled we typically benefit from that distance, but then our resize elements would be conflicting with OS resize elements, so we also narrow.
+    // - Note that we are unable to tell if the platform setup allows hovering with a distance threshold (on Win32, decorated window have such threshold).
+    // We only clip interaction so we overwrite window->ClipRect, cannot call PushClipRect() yet as DrawList is not yet setup.
+    const bool clip_with_viewport_rect = !(g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport) || (g.IO.MouseHoveredViewport != window->ViewportId) || !(window->Viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoDecoration);
+    if (clip_with_viewport_rect)
+        window->ClipRect = window->Viewport->GetMainRect();
+
+    // Resize grips and borders are on layer 1
+    window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Menu;
+
+    // Manual resize grips
+    PushID("#RESIZE");
+    for (int resize_grip_n = 0; resize_grip_n < resize_grip_count; resize_grip_n++)
+    {
+        const ImGuiResizeGripDef& def = resize_grip_def[resize_grip_n];
+        const ImVec2 corner = ImLerp(window->Pos, window->Pos + window->Size, def.CornerPosN);
+
+        // Using the FlattenChilds button flag we make the resize button accessible even if we are hovering over a child window
+        bool hovered, held;
+        ImRect resize_rect(corner - def.InnerDir * grip_hover_outer_size, corner + def.InnerDir * grip_hover_inner_size);
+        if (resize_rect.Min.x > resize_rect.Max.x) ImSwap(resize_rect.Min.x, resize_rect.Max.x);
+        if (resize_rect.Min.y > resize_rect.Max.y) ImSwap(resize_rect.Min.y, resize_rect.Max.y);
+        ImGuiID resize_grip_id = window->GetID(resize_grip_n); // == GetWindowResizeCornerID()
+        ItemAdd(resize_rect, resize_grip_id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav);
+        ButtonBehavior(resize_rect, resize_grip_id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren | ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus);
+        //GetForegroundDrawList(window)->AddRect(resize_rect.Min, resize_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+        if (hovered || held)
+            g.MouseCursor = (resize_grip_n & 1) ? ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNESW : ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNWSE;
+
+        if (held && g.IO.MouseClickedCount[0] == 2 && resize_grip_n == 0)
+        {
+            // Manual auto-fit when double-clicking
+            size_target = CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint(window, size_auto_fit);
+            ret_auto_fit = true;
+            ClearActiveID();
+        }
+        else if (held)
+        {
+            // Resize from any of the four corners
+            // We don't use an incremental MouseDelta but rather compute an absolute target size based on mouse position
+            ImVec2 clamp_min = ImVec2(def.CornerPosN.x == 1.0f ? visibility_rect.Min.x : -FLT_MAX, def.CornerPosN.y == 1.0f ? visibility_rect.Min.y : -FLT_MAX);
+            ImVec2 clamp_max = ImVec2(def.CornerPosN.x == 0.0f ? visibility_rect.Max.x : +FLT_MAX, def.CornerPosN.y == 0.0f ? visibility_rect.Max.y : +FLT_MAX);
+            ImVec2 corner_target = g.IO.MousePos - g.ActiveIdClickOffset + ImLerp(def.InnerDir * grip_hover_outer_size, def.InnerDir * -grip_hover_inner_size, def.CornerPosN); // Corner of the window corresponding to our corner grip
+            corner_target = ImClamp(corner_target, clamp_min, clamp_max);
+            CalcResizePosSizeFromAnyCorner(window, corner_target, def.CornerPosN, &pos_target, &size_target);
+        }
+
+        // Only lower-left grip is visible before hovering/activating
+        if (resize_grip_n == 0 || held || hovered)
+            resize_grip_col[resize_grip_n] = GetColorU32(held ? ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered : ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip);
+    }
+    for (int border_n = 0; border_n < resize_border_count; border_n++)
+    {
+        const ImGuiResizeBorderDef& def = resize_border_def[border_n];
+        const ImGuiAxis axis = (border_n == ImGuiDir_Left || border_n == ImGuiDir_Right) ? ImGuiAxis_X : ImGuiAxis_Y;
+
+        bool hovered, held;
+        ImRect border_rect = GetResizeBorderRect(window, border_n, grip_hover_inner_size, WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING);
+        ImGuiID border_id = window->GetID(border_n + 4); // == GetWindowResizeBorderID()
+        ItemAdd(border_rect, border_id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav);
+        ButtonBehavior(border_rect, border_id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren | ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus);
+        //GetForegroundDrawLists(window)->AddRect(border_rect.Min, border_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+        if ((hovered && g.HoveredIdTimer > WINDOWS_RESIZE_FROM_EDGES_FEEDBACK_TIMER) || held)
+        {
+            g.MouseCursor = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeEW : ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNS;
+            if (held)
+                *border_held = border_n;
+        }
+        if (held)
+        {
+            ImVec2 clamp_min(border_n == ImGuiDir_Right ? visibility_rect.Min.x : -FLT_MAX, border_n == ImGuiDir_Down ? visibility_rect.Min.y : -FLT_MAX);
+            ImVec2 clamp_max(border_n == ImGuiDir_Left  ? visibility_rect.Max.x : +FLT_MAX, border_n == ImGuiDir_Up   ? visibility_rect.Max.y : +FLT_MAX);
+            ImVec2 border_target = window->Pos;
+            border_target[axis] = g.IO.MousePos[axis] - g.ActiveIdClickOffset[axis] + WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING;
+            border_target = ImClamp(border_target, clamp_min, clamp_max);
+            CalcResizePosSizeFromAnyCorner(window, border_target, ImMin(def.SegmentN1, def.SegmentN2), &pos_target, &size_target);
+        }
+    }
+    PopID();
+
+    // Restore nav layer
+    window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+
+    // Navigation resize (keyboard/gamepad)
+    // FIXME: This cannot be moved to NavUpdateWindowing() because CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint() need to callback into user.
+    // Not even sure the callback works here.
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget && g.NavWindowingTarget->RootWindowDockTree == window)
+    {
+        ImVec2 nav_resize_dir;
+        if (g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard && g.IO.KeyShift)
+            nav_resize_dir = GetKeyMagnitude2d(ImGuiKey_LeftArrow, ImGuiKey_RightArrow, ImGuiKey_UpArrow, ImGuiKey_DownArrow);
+        if (g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+            nav_resize_dir = GetKeyMagnitude2d(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadLeft, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadRight, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadUp, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadDown);
+        if (nav_resize_dir.x != 0.0f || nav_resize_dir.y != 0.0f)
+        {
+            const float NAV_RESIZE_SPEED = 600.0f;
+            const float resize_step = NAV_RESIZE_SPEED * g.IO.DeltaTime * ImMin(g.IO.DisplayFramebufferScale.x, g.IO.DisplayFramebufferScale.y);
+            g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize += nav_resize_dir * resize_step;
+            g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize = ImMax(g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize, visibility_rect.Min - window->Pos - window->Size); // We need Pos+Size >= visibility_rect.Min, so Size >= visibility_rect.Min - Pos, so size_delta >= visibility_rect.Min - window->Pos - window->Size
+            g.NavWindowingToggleLayer = false;
+            g.NavDisableMouseHover = true;
+            resize_grip_col[0] = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive);
+            ImVec2 accum_floored = ImFloor(g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize);
+            if (accum_floored.x != 0.0f || accum_floored.y != 0.0f)
+            {
+                // FIXME-NAV: Should store and accumulate into a separate size buffer to handle sizing constraints properly, right now a constraint will make us stuck.
+                size_target = CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint(window, window->SizeFull + accum_floored);
+                g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize -= accum_floored;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Apply back modified position/size to window
+    if (size_target.x != FLT_MAX)
+    {
+        window->SizeFull = size_target;
+        MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+    }
+    if (pos_target.x != FLT_MAX)
+    {
+        window->Pos = ImFloor(pos_target);
+        MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+    }
+
+    window->Size = window->SizeFull;
+    return ret_auto_fit;
+}
+
+static inline void ClampWindowPos(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& visibility_rect)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImVec2 size_for_clamping = window->Size;
+    if (g.IO.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly && (!(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) || window->DockNodeAsHost))
+        size_for_clamping.y = ImGui::GetFrameHeight(); // Not using window->TitleBarHeight() as DockNodeAsHost will report 0.0f here.
+    window->Pos = ImClamp(window->Pos, visibility_rect.Min - size_for_clamping, visibility_rect.Max);
+}
+
+static void ImGui::RenderWindowOuterBorders(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    float rounding = window->WindowRounding;
+    float border_size = window->WindowBorderSize;
+    if (border_size > 0.0f && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground))
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(window->Pos, window->Pos + window->Size, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border), rounding, 0, border_size);
+
+    int border_held = window->ResizeBorderHeld;
+    if (border_held != -1)
+    {
+        const ImGuiResizeBorderDef& def = resize_border_def[border_held];
+        ImRect border_r = GetResizeBorderRect(window, border_held, rounding, 0.0f);
+        window->DrawList->PathArcTo(ImLerp(border_r.Min, border_r.Max, def.SegmentN1) + ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f) + def.InnerDir * rounding, rounding, def.OuterAngle - IM_PI * 0.25f, def.OuterAngle);
+        window->DrawList->PathArcTo(ImLerp(border_r.Min, border_r.Max, def.SegmentN2) + ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f) + def.InnerDir * rounding, rounding, def.OuterAngle, def.OuterAngle + IM_PI * 0.25f);
+        window->DrawList->PathStroke(GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive), 0, ImMax(2.0f, border_size)); // Thicker than usual
+    }
+    if (g.Style.FrameBorderSize > 0 && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) && !window->DockIsActive)
+    {
+        float y = window->Pos.y + window->TitleBarHeight() - 1;
+        window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(window->Pos.x + border_size, y), ImVec2(window->Pos.x + window->Size.x - border_size, y), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border), g.Style.FrameBorderSize);
+    }
+}
+
+// Draw background and borders
+// Draw and handle scrollbars
+void ImGui::RenderWindowDecorations(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& title_bar_rect, bool title_bar_is_highlight, bool handle_borders_and_resize_grips, int resize_grip_count, const ImU32 resize_grip_col[4], float resize_grip_draw_size)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    ImGuiWindowFlags flags = window->Flags;
+
+    // Ensure that ScrollBar doesn't read last frame's SkipItems
+    IM_ASSERT(window->BeginCount == 0);
+    window->SkipItems = false;
+
+    // Draw window + handle manual resize
+    // As we highlight the title bar when want_focus is set, multiple reappearing windows will have their title bar highlighted on their reappearing frame.
+    const float window_rounding = window->WindowRounding;
+    const float window_border_size = window->WindowBorderSize;
+    if (window->Collapsed)
+    {
+        // Title bar only
+        const float backup_border_size = style.FrameBorderSize;
+        g.Style.FrameBorderSize = window->WindowBorderSize;
+        ImU32 title_bar_col = GetColorU32((title_bar_is_highlight && !g.NavDisableHighlight) ? ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive : ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed);
+        if (window->ViewportOwned)
+            title_bar_col |= IM_COL32_A_MASK; // No alpha (we don't support is_docking_transparent_payload here because simpler and less meaningful, but could with a bit of code shuffle/reuse)
+        RenderFrame(title_bar_rect.Min, title_bar_rect.Max, title_bar_col, true, window_rounding);
+        g.Style.FrameBorderSize = backup_border_size;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Window background
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground))
+        {
+            bool is_docking_transparent_payload = false;
+            if (g.DragDropActive && (g.FrameCount - g.DragDropAcceptFrameCount) <= 1 && g.IO.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload)
+                if (g.DragDropPayload.IsDataType(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_WINDOW) && *(ImGuiWindow**)g.DragDropPayload.Data == window)
+                    is_docking_transparent_payload = true;
+
+            ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32(GetWindowBgColorIdx(window));
+            if (window->ViewportOwned)
+            {
+                bg_col |= IM_COL32_A_MASK; // No alpha
+                if (is_docking_transparent_payload)
+                    window->Viewport->Alpha *= DOCKING_TRANSPARENT_PAYLOAD_ALPHA;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Adjust alpha. For docking
+                bool override_alpha = false;
+                float alpha = 1.0f;
+                if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasBgAlpha)
+                {
+                    alpha = g.NextWindowData.BgAlphaVal;
+                    override_alpha = true;
+                }
+                if (is_docking_transparent_payload)
+                {
+                    alpha *= DOCKING_TRANSPARENT_PAYLOAD_ALPHA; // FIXME-DOCK: Should that be an override?
+                    override_alpha = true;
+                }
+                if (override_alpha)
+                    bg_col = (bg_col & ~IM_COL32_A_MASK) | (IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(alpha) << IM_COL32_A_SHIFT);
+            }
+
+            // Render, for docked windows and host windows we ensure bg goes before decorations
+            if (window->DockIsActive)
+                window->DockNode->LastBgColor = bg_col;
+            ImDrawList* bg_draw_list = window->DockIsActive ? window->DockNode->HostWindow->DrawList : window->DrawList;
+            if (window->DockIsActive || (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost))
+                bg_draw_list->ChannelsSetCurrent(DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG);
+            bg_draw_list->AddRectFilled(window->Pos + ImVec2(0, window->TitleBarHeight()), window->Pos + window->Size, bg_col, window_rounding, (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottom);
+            if (window->DockIsActive || (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost))
+                bg_draw_list->ChannelsSetCurrent(DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_FG);
+        }
+        if (window->DockIsActive)
+            window->DockNode->IsBgDrawnThisFrame = true;
+
+        // Title bar
+        // (when docked, DockNode are drawing their own title bar. Individual windows however do NOT set the _NoTitleBar flag,
+        // in order for their pos/size to be matching their undocking state.)
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) && !window->DockIsActive)
+        {
+            ImU32 title_bar_col = GetColorU32(title_bar_is_highlight ? ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive : ImGuiCol_TitleBg);
+            window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(title_bar_rect.Min, title_bar_rect.Max, title_bar_col, window_rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTop);
+        }
+
+        // Menu bar
+        if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar)
+        {
+            ImRect menu_bar_rect = window->MenuBarRect();
+            menu_bar_rect.ClipWith(window->Rect());  // Soft clipping, in particular child window don't have minimum size covering the menu bar so this is useful for them.
+            window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(menu_bar_rect.Min + ImVec2(window_border_size, 0), menu_bar_rect.Max - ImVec2(window_border_size, 0), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg), (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) ? window_rounding : 0.0f, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTop);
+            if (style.FrameBorderSize > 0.0f && menu_bar_rect.Max.y < window->Pos.y + window->Size.y)
+                window->DrawList->AddLine(menu_bar_rect.GetBL(), menu_bar_rect.GetBR(), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border), style.FrameBorderSize);
+        }
+
+        // Docking: Unhide tab bar (small triangle in the corner), drag from small triangle to quickly undock
+        ImGuiDockNode* node = window->DockNode;
+        if (window->DockIsActive && node->IsHiddenTabBar() && !node->IsNoTabBar())
+        {
+            float unhide_sz_draw = ImFloor(g.FontSize * 0.70f);
+            float unhide_sz_hit = ImFloor(g.FontSize * 0.55f);
+            ImVec2 p = node->Pos;
+            ImRect r(p, p + ImVec2(unhide_sz_hit, unhide_sz_hit));
+            ImGuiID unhide_id = window->GetID("#UNHIDE");
+            KeepAliveID(unhide_id);
+            bool hovered, held;
+            if (ButtonBehavior(r, unhide_id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren))
+                node->WantHiddenTabBarToggle = true;
+            else if (held && IsMouseDragging(0))
+                StartMouseMovingWindowOrNode(window, node, true);
+
+            // FIXME-DOCK: Ideally we'd use ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive/ImGuiCol_TitleBg here, but neither is guaranteed to be visible enough at this sort of size..
+            ImU32 col = GetColorU32(((held && hovered) || (node->IsFocused && !hovered)) ? ImGuiCol_ButtonActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered : ImGuiCol_Button);
+            window->DrawList->AddTriangleFilled(p, p + ImVec2(unhide_sz_draw, 0.0f), p + ImVec2(0.0f, unhide_sz_draw), col);
+        }
+
+        // Scrollbars
+        if (window->ScrollbarX)
+            Scrollbar(ImGuiAxis_X);
+        if (window->ScrollbarY)
+            Scrollbar(ImGuiAxis_Y);
+
+        // Render resize grips (after their input handling so we don't have a frame of latency)
+        if (handle_borders_and_resize_grips && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize))
+        {
+            for (int resize_grip_n = 0; resize_grip_n < resize_grip_count; resize_grip_n++)
+            {
+                const ImU32 col = resize_grip_col[resize_grip_n];
+                if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+                    continue;
+                const ImGuiResizeGripDef& grip = resize_grip_def[resize_grip_n];
+                const ImVec2 corner = ImLerp(window->Pos, window->Pos + window->Size, grip.CornerPosN);
+                window->DrawList->PathLineTo(corner + grip.InnerDir * ((resize_grip_n & 1) ? ImVec2(window_border_size, resize_grip_draw_size) : ImVec2(resize_grip_draw_size, window_border_size)));
+                window->DrawList->PathLineTo(corner + grip.InnerDir * ((resize_grip_n & 1) ? ImVec2(resize_grip_draw_size, window_border_size) : ImVec2(window_border_size, resize_grip_draw_size)));
+                window->DrawList->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(corner.x + grip.InnerDir.x * (window_rounding + window_border_size), corner.y + grip.InnerDir.y * (window_rounding + window_border_size)), window_rounding, grip.AngleMin12, grip.AngleMax12);
+                window->DrawList->PathFillConvex(col);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Borders (for dock node host they will be rendered over after the tab bar)
+        if (handle_borders_and_resize_grips && !window->DockNodeAsHost)
+            RenderWindowOuterBorders(window);
+    }
+}
+
+// When inside a dock node, this is handled in DockNodeCalcTabBarLayout() instead.
+// Render title text, collapse button, close button
+void ImGui::RenderWindowTitleBarContents(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& title_bar_rect, const char* name, bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    ImGuiWindowFlags flags = window->Flags;
+
+    const bool has_close_button = (p_open != NULL);
+    const bool has_collapse_button = !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse) && (style.WindowMenuButtonPosition != ImGuiDir_None);
+
+    // Close & Collapse button are on the Menu NavLayer and don't default focus (unless there's nothing else on that layer)
+    // FIXME-NAV: Might want (or not?) to set the equivalent of ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus so that mouse clicks on standard title bar items don't necessarily set nav/keyboard ref?
+    const ImGuiItemFlags item_flags_backup = g.CurrentItemFlags;
+    g.CurrentItemFlags |= ImGuiItemFlags_NoNavDefaultFocus;
+    window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Menu;
+
+    // Layout buttons
+    // FIXME: Would be nice to generalize the subtleties expressed here into reusable code.
+    float pad_l = style.FramePadding.x;
+    float pad_r = style.FramePadding.x;
+    float button_sz = g.FontSize;
+    ImVec2 close_button_pos;
+    ImVec2 collapse_button_pos;
+    if (has_close_button)
+    {
+        pad_r += button_sz;
+        close_button_pos = ImVec2(title_bar_rect.Max.x - pad_r - style.FramePadding.x, title_bar_rect.Min.y);
+    }
+    if (has_collapse_button && style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Right)
+    {
+        pad_r += button_sz;
+        collapse_button_pos = ImVec2(title_bar_rect.Max.x - pad_r - style.FramePadding.x, title_bar_rect.Min.y);
+    }
+    if (has_collapse_button && style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left)
+    {
+        collapse_button_pos = ImVec2(title_bar_rect.Min.x + pad_l - style.FramePadding.x, title_bar_rect.Min.y);
+        pad_l += button_sz;
+    }
+
+    // Collapse button (submitting first so it gets priority when choosing a navigation init fallback)
+    if (has_collapse_button)
+        if (CollapseButton(window->GetID("#COLLAPSE"), collapse_button_pos, NULL))
+            window->WantCollapseToggle = true; // Defer actual collapsing to next frame as we are too far in the Begin() function
+
+    // Close button
+    if (has_close_button)
+        if (CloseButton(window->GetID("#CLOSE"), close_button_pos))
+            *p_open = false;
+
+    window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+    g.CurrentItemFlags = item_flags_backup;
+
+    // Title bar text (with: horizontal alignment, avoiding collapse/close button, optional "unsaved document" marker)
+    // FIXME: Refactor text alignment facilities along with RenderText helpers, this is WAY too much messy code..
+    const float marker_size_x = (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument) ? button_sz * 0.80f : 0.0f;
+    const ImVec2 text_size = CalcTextSize(name, NULL, true) + ImVec2(marker_size_x, 0.0f);
+
+    // As a nice touch we try to ensure that centered title text doesn't get affected by visibility of Close/Collapse button,
+    // while uncentered title text will still reach edges correctly.
+    if (pad_l > style.FramePadding.x)
+        pad_l += g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+    if (pad_r > style.FramePadding.x)
+        pad_r += g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+    if (style.WindowTitleAlign.x > 0.0f && style.WindowTitleAlign.x < 1.0f)
+    {
+        float centerness = ImSaturate(1.0f - ImFabs(style.WindowTitleAlign.x - 0.5f) * 2.0f); // 0.0f on either edges, 1.0f on center
+        float pad_extend = ImMin(ImMax(pad_l, pad_r), title_bar_rect.GetWidth() - pad_l - pad_r - text_size.x);
+        pad_l = ImMax(pad_l, pad_extend * centerness);
+        pad_r = ImMax(pad_r, pad_extend * centerness);
+    }
+
+    ImRect layout_r(title_bar_rect.Min.x + pad_l, title_bar_rect.Min.y, title_bar_rect.Max.x - pad_r, title_bar_rect.Max.y);
+    ImRect clip_r(layout_r.Min.x, layout_r.Min.y, ImMin(layout_r.Max.x + g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, title_bar_rect.Max.x), layout_r.Max.y);
+    if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument)
+    {
+        ImVec2 marker_pos;
+        marker_pos.x = ImClamp(layout_r.Min.x + (layout_r.GetWidth() - text_size.x) * style.WindowTitleAlign.x + text_size.x, layout_r.Min.x, layout_r.Max.x);
+        marker_pos.y = (layout_r.Min.y + layout_r.Max.y) * 0.5f;
+        if (marker_pos.x > layout_r.Min.x)
+        {
+            RenderBullet(window->DrawList, marker_pos, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text));
+            clip_r.Max.x = ImMin(clip_r.Max.x, marker_pos.x - (int)(marker_size_x * 0.5f));
+        }
+    }
+    //if (g.IO.KeyShift) window->DrawList->AddRect(layout_r.Min, layout_r.Max, IM_COL32(255, 128, 0, 255)); // [DEBUG]
+    //if (g.IO.KeyCtrl) window->DrawList->AddRect(clip_r.Min, clip_r.Max, IM_COL32(255, 128, 0, 255)); // [DEBUG]
+    RenderTextClipped(layout_r.Min, layout_r.Max, name, NULL, &text_size, style.WindowTitleAlign, &clip_r);
+}
+
+void ImGui::UpdateWindowParentAndRootLinks(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindowFlags flags, ImGuiWindow* parent_window)
+{
+    window->ParentWindow = parent_window;
+    window->RootWindow = window->RootWindowPopupTree = window->RootWindowDockTree = window->RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight = window->RootWindowForNav = window;
+    if (parent_window && (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip))
+    {
+        window->RootWindowDockTree = parent_window->RootWindowDockTree;
+        if (!window->DockIsActive && !(parent_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost))
+            window->RootWindow = parent_window->RootWindow;
+    }
+    if (parent_window && (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup))
+        window->RootWindowPopupTree = parent_window->RootWindowPopupTree;
+    if (parent_window && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal) && (flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup))) // FIXME: simply use _NoTitleBar ?
+        window->RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight = parent_window->RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight;
+    while (window->RootWindowForNav->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(window->RootWindowForNav->ParentWindow != NULL);
+        window->RootWindowForNav = window->RootWindowForNav->ParentWindow;
+    }
+}
+
+// When a modal popup is open, newly created windows that want focus (i.e. are not popups and do not specify ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing)
+// should be positioned behind that modal window, unless the window was created inside the modal begin-stack.
+// In case of multiple stacked modals newly created window honors begin stack order and does not go below its own modal parent.
+// - Window             // FindBlockingModal() returns Modal1
+//   - Window           //                  .. returns Modal1
+//   - Modal1           //                  .. returns Modal2
+//      - Window        //                  .. returns Modal2
+//          - Window    //                  .. returns Modal2
+//          - Modal2    //                  .. returns Modal2
+static ImGuiWindow* ImGui::FindBlockingModal(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.OpenPopupStack.Size <= 0)
+        return NULL;
+
+    // Find a modal that has common parent with specified window. Specified window should be positioned behind that modal.
+    for (int i = g.OpenPopupStack.Size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* popup_window = g.OpenPopupStack.Data[i].Window;
+        if (popup_window == NULL || !(popup_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal))
+            continue;
+        if (!popup_window->Active && !popup_window->WasActive)      // Check WasActive, because this code may run before popup renders on current frame, also check Active to handle newly created windows.
+            continue;
+        if (IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(window, popup_window))       // Window is rendered over last modal, no render order change needed.
+            break;
+        for (ImGuiWindow* parent = popup_window->ParentWindowInBeginStack->RootWindow; parent != NULL; parent = parent->ParentWindowInBeginStack->RootWindow)
+            if (IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(window, parent))
+                return popup_window;                                // Place window above its begin stack parent.
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Push a new Dear ImGui window to add widgets to.
+// - A default window called "Debug" is automatically stacked at the beginning of every frame so you can use widgets without explicitly calling a Begin/End pair.
+// - Begin/End can be called multiple times during the frame with the same window name to append content.
+// - The window name is used as a unique identifier to preserve window information across frames (and save rudimentary information to the .ini file).
+//   You can use the "##" or "###" markers to use the same label with different id, or same id with different label. See documentation at the top of this file.
+// - Return false when window is collapsed, so you can early out in your code. You always need to call ImGui::End() even if false is returned.
+// - Passing 'bool* p_open' displays a Close button on the upper-right corner of the window, the pointed value will be set to false when the button is pressed.
+bool ImGui::Begin(const char* name, bool* p_open, ImGuiWindowFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    IM_ASSERT(name != NULL && name[0] != '\0');     // Window name required
+    IM_ASSERT(g.WithinFrameScope);                  // Forgot to call ImGui::NewFrame()
+    IM_ASSERT(g.FrameCountEnded != g.FrameCount);   // Called ImGui::Render() or ImGui::EndFrame() and haven't called ImGui::NewFrame() again yet
+
+    // Find or create
+    ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(name);
+    const bool window_just_created = (window == NULL);
+    if (window_just_created)
+        window = CreateNewWindow(name, flags);
+
+    // Automatically disable manual moving/resizing when NoInputs is set
+    if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs) == ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs)
+        flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize;
+
+    if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened)
+        IM_ASSERT(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow);
+
+    const int current_frame = g.FrameCount;
+    const bool first_begin_of_the_frame = (window->LastFrameActive != current_frame);
+    window->IsFallbackWindow = (g.CurrentWindowStack.Size == 0 && g.WithinFrameScopeWithImplicitWindow);
+
+    // Update the Appearing flag (note: the BeginDocked() path may also set this to true later)
+    bool window_just_activated_by_user = (window->LastFrameActive < current_frame - 1); // Not using !WasActive because the implicit "Debug" window would always toggle off->on
+    if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)
+    {
+        ImGuiPopupData& popup_ref = g.OpenPopupStack[g.BeginPopupStack.Size];
+        window_just_activated_by_user |= (window->PopupId != popup_ref.PopupId); // We recycle popups so treat window as activated if popup id changed
+        window_just_activated_by_user |= (window != popup_ref.Window);
+    }
+
+    // Update Flags, LastFrameActive, BeginOrderXXX fields
+    const bool window_was_appearing = window->Appearing;
+    if (first_begin_of_the_frame)
+    {
+        UpdateWindowInFocusOrderList(window, window_just_created, flags);
+        window->Appearing = window_just_activated_by_user;
+        if (window->Appearing)
+            SetWindowConditionAllowFlags(window, ImGuiCond_Appearing, true);
+        window->FlagsPreviousFrame = window->Flags;
+        window->Flags = (ImGuiWindowFlags)flags;
+        window->LastFrameActive = current_frame;
+        window->LastTimeActive = (float)g.Time;
+        window->BeginOrderWithinParent = 0;
+        window->BeginOrderWithinContext = (short)(g.WindowsActiveCount++);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        flags = window->Flags;
+    }
+
+    // Docking
+    // (NB: during the frame dock nodes are created, it is possible that (window->DockIsActive == false) even though (window->DockNode->Windows.Size > 1)
+    IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode == NULL || window->DockNodeAsHost == NULL); // Cannot be both
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasDock)
+        SetWindowDock(window, g.NextWindowData.DockId, g.NextWindowData.DockCond);
+    if (first_begin_of_the_frame)
+    {
+        bool has_dock_node = (window->DockId != 0 || window->DockNode != NULL);
+        bool new_auto_dock_node = !has_dock_node && GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnTabBar(window);
+        bool dock_node_was_visible = window->DockNodeIsVisible;
+        bool dock_tab_was_visible = window->DockTabIsVisible;
+        if (has_dock_node || new_auto_dock_node)
+        {
+            BeginDocked(window, p_open);
+            flags = window->Flags;
+            if (window->DockIsActive)
+            {
+                IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode != NULL);
+                g.NextWindowData.Flags &= ~ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSizeConstraint; // Docking currently override constraints
+            }
+
+            // Amend the Appearing flag
+            if (window->DockTabIsVisible && !dock_tab_was_visible && dock_node_was_visible && !window->Appearing && !window_was_appearing)
+            {
+                window->Appearing = true;
+                SetWindowConditionAllowFlags(window, ImGuiCond_Appearing, true);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            window->DockIsActive = window->DockNodeIsVisible = window->DockTabIsVisible = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parent window is latched only on the first call to Begin() of the frame, so further append-calls can be done from a different window stack
+    ImGuiWindow* parent_window_in_stack = (window->DockIsActive && window->DockNode->HostWindow) ? window->DockNode->HostWindow : g.CurrentWindowStack.empty() ? NULL : g.CurrentWindowStack.back().Window;
+    ImGuiWindow* parent_window = first_begin_of_the_frame ? ((flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)) ? parent_window_in_stack : NULL) : window->ParentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(parent_window != NULL || !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow));
+
+    // We allow window memory to be compacted so recreate the base stack when needed.
+    if (window->IDStack.Size == 0)
+        window->IDStack.push_back(window->ID);
+
+    // Add to stack
+    // We intentionally set g.CurrentWindow to NULL to prevent usage until when the viewport is set, then will call SetCurrentWindow()
+    g.CurrentWindow = window;
+    ImGuiWindowStackData window_stack_data;
+    window_stack_data.Window = window;
+    window_stack_data.ParentLastItemDataBackup = g.LastItemData;
+    window_stack_data.StackSizesOnBegin.SetToContextState(&g);
+    g.CurrentWindowStack.push_back(window_stack_data);
+    if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)
+        g.BeginMenuCount++;
+
+    // Update ->RootWindow and others pointers (before any possible call to FocusWindow)
+    if (first_begin_of_the_frame)
+    {
+        UpdateWindowParentAndRootLinks(window, flags, parent_window);
+        window->ParentWindowInBeginStack = parent_window_in_stack;
+    }
+
+    // Add to focus scope stack
+    PushFocusScope(window->ID);
+    window->NavRootFocusScopeId = g.CurrentFocusScopeId;
+    g.CurrentWindow = NULL;
+
+    // Add to popup stack
+    if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)
+    {
+        ImGuiPopupData& popup_ref = g.OpenPopupStack[g.BeginPopupStack.Size];
+        popup_ref.Window = window;
+        popup_ref.ParentNavLayer = parent_window_in_stack->DC.NavLayerCurrent;
+        g.BeginPopupStack.push_back(popup_ref);
+        window->PopupId = popup_ref.PopupId;
+    }
+
+    // Process SetNextWindow***() calls
+    // (FIXME: Consider splitting the HasXXX flags into X/Y components
+    bool window_pos_set_by_api = false;
+    bool window_size_x_set_by_api = false, window_size_y_set_by_api = false;
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasPos)
+    {
+        window_pos_set_by_api = (window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags & g.NextWindowData.PosCond) != 0;
+        if (window_pos_set_by_api && ImLengthSqr(g.NextWindowData.PosPivotVal) > 0.00001f)
+        {
+            // May be processed on the next frame if this is our first frame and we are measuring size
+            // FIXME: Look into removing the branch so everything can go through this same code path for consistency.
+            window->SetWindowPosVal = g.NextWindowData.PosVal;
+            window->SetWindowPosPivot = g.NextWindowData.PosPivotVal;
+            window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags &= ~(ImGuiCond_Once | ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver | ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            SetWindowPos(window, g.NextWindowData.PosVal, g.NextWindowData.PosCond);
+        }
+    }
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSize)
+    {
+        window_size_x_set_by_api = (window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags & g.NextWindowData.SizeCond) != 0 && (g.NextWindowData.SizeVal.x > 0.0f);
+        window_size_y_set_by_api = (window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags & g.NextWindowData.SizeCond) != 0 && (g.NextWindowData.SizeVal.y > 0.0f);
+        SetWindowSize(window, g.NextWindowData.SizeVal, g.NextWindowData.SizeCond);
+    }
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasScroll)
+    {
+        if (g.NextWindowData.ScrollVal.x >= 0.0f)
+        {
+            window->ScrollTarget.x = g.NextWindowData.ScrollVal.x;
+            window->ScrollTargetCenterRatio.x = 0.0f;
+        }
+        if (g.NextWindowData.ScrollVal.y >= 0.0f)
+        {
+            window->ScrollTarget.y = g.NextWindowData.ScrollVal.y;
+            window->ScrollTargetCenterRatio.y = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasContentSize)
+        window->ContentSizeExplicit = g.NextWindowData.ContentSizeVal;
+    else if (first_begin_of_the_frame)
+        window->ContentSizeExplicit = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasWindowClass)
+        window->WindowClass = g.NextWindowData.WindowClass;
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasCollapsed)
+        SetWindowCollapsed(window, g.NextWindowData.CollapsedVal, g.NextWindowData.CollapsedCond);
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasFocus)
+        FocusWindow(window);
+    if (window->Appearing)
+        SetWindowConditionAllowFlags(window, ImGuiCond_Appearing, false);
+
+    // When reusing window again multiple times a frame, just append content (don't need to setup again)
+    if (first_begin_of_the_frame)
+    {
+        // Initialize
+        const bool window_is_child_tooltip = (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip); // FIXME-WIP: Undocumented behavior of Child+Tooltip for pinned tooltip (#1345)
+        const bool window_just_appearing_after_hidden_for_resize = (window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems > 0);
+        window->Active = true;
+        window->HasCloseButton = (p_open != NULL);
+        window->ClipRect = ImVec4(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, +FLT_MAX, +FLT_MAX);
+        window->IDStack.resize(1);
+        window->DrawList->_ResetForNewFrame();
+        window->DC.CurrentTableIdx = -1;
+        if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost)
+        {
+            window->DrawList->ChannelsSplit(2);
+            window->DrawList->ChannelsSetCurrent(DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_FG); // Render decorations on channel 1 as we will render the backgrounds manually later
+        }
+
+        // Restore buffer capacity when woken from a compacted state, to avoid
+        if (window->MemoryCompacted)
+            GcAwakeTransientWindowBuffers(window);
+
+        // Update stored window name when it changes (which can _only_ happen with the "###" operator, so the ID would stay unchanged).
+        // The title bar always display the 'name' parameter, so we only update the string storage if it needs to be visible to the end-user elsewhere.
+        bool window_title_visible_elsewhere = false;
+        if ((window->Viewport && window->Viewport->Window == window) || (window->DockIsActive))
+            window_title_visible_elsewhere = true;
+        else if (g.NavWindowingListWindow != NULL && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus) == 0)   // Window titles visible when using CTRL+TAB
+            window_title_visible_elsewhere = true;
+        if (window_title_visible_elsewhere && !window_just_created && strcmp(name, window->Name) != 0)
+        {
+            size_t buf_len = (size_t)window->NameBufLen;
+            window->Name = ImStrdupcpy(window->Name, &buf_len, name);
+            window->NameBufLen = (int)buf_len;
+        }
+
+        // UPDATE CONTENTS SIZE, UPDATE HIDDEN STATUS
+
+        // Update contents size from last frame for auto-fitting (or use explicit size)
+        CalcWindowContentSizes(window, &window->ContentSize, &window->ContentSizeIdeal);
+
+        // FIXME: These flags are decremented before they are used. This means that in order to have these fields produce their intended behaviors
+        // for one frame we must set them to at least 2, which is counter-intuitive. HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems is a more complicated case because
+        // it has a single usage before this code block and may be set below before it is finally checked.
+        if (window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems > 0)
+            window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems--;
+        if (window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems > 0)
+            window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems--;
+        if (window->HiddenFramesForRenderOnly > 0)
+            window->HiddenFramesForRenderOnly--;
+
+        // Hide new windows for one frame until they calculate their size
+        if (window_just_created && (!window_size_x_set_by_api || !window_size_y_set_by_api))
+            window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems = 1;
+
+        // Hide popup/tooltip window when re-opening while we measure size (because we recycle the windows)
+        // We reset Size/ContentSize for reappearing popups/tooltips early in this function, so further code won't be tempted to use the old size.
+        if (window_just_activated_by_user && (flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)) != 0)
+        {
+            window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems = 1;
+            if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)
+            {
+                if (!window_size_x_set_by_api)
+                    window->Size.x = window->SizeFull.x = 0.f;
+                if (!window_size_y_set_by_api)
+                    window->Size.y = window->SizeFull.y = 0.f;
+                window->ContentSize = window->ContentSizeIdeal = ImVec2(0.f, 0.f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // SELECT VIEWPORT
+        // We need to do this before using any style/font sizes, as viewport with a different DPI may affect font sizes.
+
+        WindowSelectViewport(window);
+        SetCurrentViewport(window, window->Viewport);
+        window->FontDpiScale = (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DpiEnableScaleFonts) ? window->Viewport->DpiScale : 1.0f;
+        SetCurrentWindow(window);
+        flags = window->Flags;
+
+        // LOCK BORDER SIZE AND PADDING FOR THE FRAME (so that altering them doesn't cause inconsistencies)
+        // We read Style data after the call to UpdateSelectWindowViewport() which might be swapping the style.
+
+        if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+            window->WindowBorderSize = style.ChildBorderSize;
+        else
+            window->WindowBorderSize = ((flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)) ? style.PopupBorderSize : style.WindowBorderSize;
+        if (!window->DockIsActive && (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && !(flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysUseWindowPadding | ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)) && window->WindowBorderSize == 0.0f)
+            window->WindowPadding = ImVec2(0.0f, (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar) ? style.WindowPadding.y : 0.0f);
+        else
+            window->WindowPadding = style.WindowPadding;
+
+        // Lock menu offset so size calculation can use it as menu-bar windows need a minimum size.
+        window->DC.MenuBarOffset.x = ImMax(ImMax(window->WindowPadding.x, style.ItemSpacing.x), g.NextWindowData.MenuBarOffsetMinVal.x);
+        window->DC.MenuBarOffset.y = g.NextWindowData.MenuBarOffsetMinVal.y;
+
+        bool use_current_size_for_scrollbar_x = window_just_created;
+        bool use_current_size_for_scrollbar_y = window_just_created;
+
+        // Collapse window by double-clicking on title bar
+        // At this point we don't have a clipping rectangle setup yet, so we can use the title bar area for hit detection and drawing
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse) && !window->DockIsActive)
+        {
+            // We don't use a regular button+id to test for double-click on title bar (mostly due to legacy reason, could be fixed), so verify that we don't have items over the title bar.
+            ImRect title_bar_rect = window->TitleBarRect();
+            if (g.HoveredWindow == window && g.HoveredId == 0 && g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame == 0 && IsMouseHoveringRect(title_bar_rect.Min, title_bar_rect.Max) && g.IO.MouseClickedCount[0] == 2)
+                window->WantCollapseToggle = true;
+            if (window->WantCollapseToggle)
+            {
+                window->Collapsed = !window->Collapsed;
+                if (!window->Collapsed)
+                    use_current_size_for_scrollbar_y = true;
+                MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            window->Collapsed = false;
+        }
+        window->WantCollapseToggle = false;
+
+        // SIZE
+
+        // Outer Decoration Sizes
+        // (we need to clear ScrollbarSize immediatly as CalcWindowAutoFitSize() needs it and can be called from other locations).
+        const ImVec2 scrollbar_sizes_from_last_frame = window->ScrollbarSizes;
+        window->DecoOuterSizeX1 = 0.0f;
+        window->DecoOuterSizeX2 = 0.0f;
+        window->DecoOuterSizeY1 = window->TitleBarHeight() + window->MenuBarHeight();
+        window->DecoOuterSizeY2 = 0.0f;
+        window->ScrollbarSizes = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+        // Calculate auto-fit size, handle automatic resize
+        const ImVec2 size_auto_fit = CalcWindowAutoFitSize(window, window->ContentSizeIdeal);
+        if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize) && !window->Collapsed)
+        {
+            // Using SetNextWindowSize() overrides ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize, so it can be used on tooltips/popups, etc.
+            if (!window_size_x_set_by_api)
+            {
+                window->SizeFull.x = size_auto_fit.x;
+                use_current_size_for_scrollbar_x = true;
+            }
+            if (!window_size_y_set_by_api)
+            {
+                window->SizeFull.y = size_auto_fit.y;
+                use_current_size_for_scrollbar_y = true;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (window->AutoFitFramesX > 0 || window->AutoFitFramesY > 0)
+        {
+            // Auto-fit may only grow window during the first few frames
+            // We still process initial auto-fit on collapsed windows to get a window width, but otherwise don't honor ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize when collapsed.
+            if (!window_size_x_set_by_api && window->AutoFitFramesX > 0)
+            {
+                window->SizeFull.x = window->AutoFitOnlyGrows ? ImMax(window->SizeFull.x, size_auto_fit.x) : size_auto_fit.x;
+                use_current_size_for_scrollbar_x = true;
+            }
+            if (!window_size_y_set_by_api && window->AutoFitFramesY > 0)
+            {
+                window->SizeFull.y = window->AutoFitOnlyGrows ? ImMax(window->SizeFull.y, size_auto_fit.y) : size_auto_fit.y;
+                use_current_size_for_scrollbar_y = true;
+            }
+            if (!window->Collapsed)
+                MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+        }
+
+        // Apply minimum/maximum window size constraints and final size
+        window->SizeFull = CalcWindowSizeAfterConstraint(window, window->SizeFull);
+        window->Size = window->Collapsed && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) ? window->TitleBarRect().GetSize() : window->SizeFull;
+
+        // POSITION
+
+        // Popup latch its initial position, will position itself when it appears next frame
+        if (window_just_activated_by_user)
+        {
+            window->AutoPosLastDirection = ImGuiDir_None;
+            if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) != 0 && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal) && !window_pos_set_by_api) // FIXME: BeginPopup() could use SetNextWindowPos()
+                window->Pos = g.BeginPopupStack.back().OpenPopupPos;
+        }
+
+        // Position child window
+        if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(parent_window && parent_window->Active);
+            window->BeginOrderWithinParent = (short)parent_window->DC.ChildWindows.Size;
+            parent_window->DC.ChildWindows.push_back(window);
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && !window_pos_set_by_api && !window_is_child_tooltip)
+                window->Pos = parent_window->DC.CursorPos;
+        }
+
+        const bool window_pos_with_pivot = (window->SetWindowPosVal.x != FLT_MAX && window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems == 0);
+        if (window_pos_with_pivot)
+            SetWindowPos(window, window->SetWindowPosVal - window->Size * window->SetWindowPosPivot, 0); // Position given a pivot (e.g. for centering)
+        else if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu) != 0)
+            window->Pos = FindBestWindowPosForPopup(window);
+        else if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) != 0 && !window_pos_set_by_api && window_just_appearing_after_hidden_for_resize)
+            window->Pos = FindBestWindowPosForPopup(window);
+        else if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip) != 0 && !window_pos_set_by_api && !window_is_child_tooltip)
+            window->Pos = FindBestWindowPosForPopup(window);
+
+        // Late create viewport if we don't fit within our current host viewport.
+        if (window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend >= 0 && !window->ViewportOwned && !(window->Viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized))
+            if (!window->Viewport->GetMainRect().Contains(window->Rect()))
+            {
+                // This is based on the assumption that the DPI will be known ahead (same as the DPI of the selection done in UpdateSelectWindowViewport)
+                //ImGuiViewport* old_viewport = window->Viewport;
+                window->Viewport = AddUpdateViewport(window, window->ID, window->Pos, window->Size, ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing);
+
+                // FIXME-DPI
+                //IM_ASSERT(old_viewport->DpiScale == window->Viewport->DpiScale); // FIXME-DPI: Something went wrong
+                SetCurrentViewport(window, window->Viewport);
+                window->FontDpiScale = (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DpiEnableScaleFonts) ? window->Viewport->DpiScale : 1.0f;
+                SetCurrentWindow(window);
+            }
+
+        if (window->ViewportOwned)
+            WindowSyncOwnedViewport(window, parent_window_in_stack);
+
+        // Calculate the range of allowed position for that window (to be movable and visible past safe area padding)
+        // When clamping to stay visible, we will enforce that window->Pos stays inside of visibility_rect.
+        ImRect viewport_rect(window->Viewport->GetMainRect());
+        ImRect viewport_work_rect(window->Viewport->GetWorkRect());
+        ImVec2 visibility_padding = ImMax(style.DisplayWindowPadding, style.DisplaySafeAreaPadding);
+        ImRect visibility_rect(viewport_work_rect.Min + visibility_padding, viewport_work_rect.Max - visibility_padding);
+
+        // Clamp position/size so window stays visible within its viewport or monitor
+        // Ignore zero-sized display explicitly to avoid losing positions if a window manager reports zero-sized window when initializing or minimizing.
+        // FIXME: Similar to code in GetWindowAllowedExtentRect()
+        if (!window_pos_set_by_api && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow))
+        {
+            if (!window->ViewportOwned && viewport_rect.GetWidth() > 0 && viewport_rect.GetHeight() > 0.0f)
+            {
+                ClampWindowPos(window, visibility_rect);
+            }
+            else if (window->ViewportOwned && g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size > 0)
+            {
+                // Lost windows (e.g. a monitor disconnected) will naturally moved to the fallback/dummy monitor aka the main viewport.
+                const ImGuiPlatformMonitor* monitor = GetViewportPlatformMonitor(window->Viewport);
+                visibility_rect.Min = monitor->WorkPos + visibility_padding;
+                visibility_rect.Max = monitor->WorkPos + monitor->WorkSize - visibility_padding;
+                ClampWindowPos(window, visibility_rect);
+            }
+        }
+        window->Pos = ImFloor(window->Pos);
+
+        // Lock window rounding for the frame (so that altering them doesn't cause inconsistencies)
+        // Large values tend to lead to variety of artifacts and are not recommended.
+        if (window->ViewportOwned || window->DockIsActive)
+            window->WindowRounding = 0.0f;
+        else
+            window->WindowRounding = (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) ? style.ChildRounding : ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)) ? style.PopupRounding : style.WindowRounding;
+
+        // For windows with title bar or menu bar, we clamp to FrameHeight(FontSize + FramePadding.y * 2.0f) to completely hide artifacts.
+        //if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar) || !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar))
+        //    window->WindowRounding = ImMin(window->WindowRounding, g.FontSize + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f);
+
+        // Apply window focus (new and reactivated windows are moved to front)
+        bool want_focus = false;
+        if (window_just_activated_by_user && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing))
+        {
+            if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)
+                want_focus = true;
+            else if ((window->DockIsActive || (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) == 0) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip))
+                want_focus = true;
+
+            ImGuiWindow* modal = GetTopMostPopupModal();
+            if (modal != NULL && !IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(window, modal))
+            {
+                // Avoid focusing a window that is created outside of active modal. This will prevent active modal from being closed.
+                // Since window is not focused it would reappear at the same display position like the last time it was visible.
+                // In case of completely new windows it would go to the top (over current modal), but input to such window would still be blocked by modal.
+                // Position window behind a modal that is not a begin-parent of this window.
+                want_focus = false;
+                if (window == window->RootWindow)
+                {
+                    ImGuiWindow* blocking_modal = FindBlockingModal(window);
+                    IM_ASSERT(blocking_modal != NULL);
+                    BringWindowToDisplayBehind(window, blocking_modal);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // [Test Engine] Register whole window in the item system (before submitting further decorations)
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+        if (g.TestEngineHookItems)
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(window->IDStack.Size == 1);
+            window->IDStack.Size = 0; // As window->IDStack[0] == window->ID here, make sure TestEngine doesn't erroneously see window as parent of itself.
+            IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(window->ID, window->Rect(), NULL);
+            IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(window->ID, window->Name, (g.HoveredWindow == window) ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect : 0);
+            window->IDStack.Size = 1;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // Decide if we are going to handle borders and resize grips
+        const bool handle_borders_and_resize_grips = (window->DockNodeAsHost || !window->DockIsActive);
+
+        // Handle manual resize: Resize Grips, Borders, Gamepad
+        int border_held = -1;
+        ImU32 resize_grip_col[4] = {};
+        const int resize_grip_count = g.IO.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges ? 2 : 1; // Allow resize from lower-left if we have the mouse cursor feedback for it.
+        const float resize_grip_draw_size = IM_FLOOR(ImMax(g.FontSize * 1.10f, window->WindowRounding + 1.0f + g.FontSize * 0.2f));
+        if (handle_borders_and_resize_grips && !window->Collapsed)
+            if (UpdateWindowManualResize(window, size_auto_fit, &border_held, resize_grip_count, &resize_grip_col[0], visibility_rect))
+                use_current_size_for_scrollbar_x = use_current_size_for_scrollbar_y = true;
+        window->ResizeBorderHeld = (signed char)border_held;
+
+        // Synchronize window --> viewport again and one last time (clamping and manual resize may have affected either)
+        if (window->ViewportOwned)
+        {
+            if (!window->Viewport->PlatformRequestMove)
+                window->Viewport->Pos = window->Pos;
+            if (!window->Viewport->PlatformRequestResize)
+                window->Viewport->Size = window->Size;
+            window->Viewport->UpdateWorkRect();
+            viewport_rect = window->Viewport->GetMainRect();
+        }
+
+        // Save last known viewport position within the window itself (so it can be saved in .ini file and restored)
+        window->ViewportPos = window->Viewport->Pos;
+
+        // SCROLLBAR VISIBILITY
+
+        // Update scrollbar visibility (based on the Size that was effective during last frame or the auto-resized Size).
+        if (!window->Collapsed)
+        {
+            // When reading the current size we need to read it after size constraints have been applied.
+            // Intentionally use previous frame values for InnerRect and ScrollbarSizes.
+            // And when we use window->DecorationUp here it doesn't have ScrollbarSizes.y applied yet.
+            ImVec2 avail_size_from_current_frame = ImVec2(window->SizeFull.x, window->SizeFull.y - (window->DecoOuterSizeY1 + window->DecoOuterSizeY2));
+            ImVec2 avail_size_from_last_frame = window->InnerRect.GetSize() + scrollbar_sizes_from_last_frame;
+            ImVec2 needed_size_from_last_frame = window_just_created ? ImVec2(0, 0) : window->ContentSize + window->WindowPadding * 2.0f;
+            float size_x_for_scrollbars = use_current_size_for_scrollbar_x ? avail_size_from_current_frame.x : avail_size_from_last_frame.x;
+            float size_y_for_scrollbars = use_current_size_for_scrollbar_y ? avail_size_from_current_frame.y : avail_size_from_last_frame.y;
+            //bool scrollbar_y_from_last_frame = window->ScrollbarY; // FIXME: May want to use that in the ScrollbarX expression? How many pros vs cons?
+            window->ScrollbarY = (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysVerticalScrollbar) || ((needed_size_from_last_frame.y > size_y_for_scrollbars) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar));
+            window->ScrollbarX = (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysHorizontalScrollbar) || ((needed_size_from_last_frame.x > size_x_for_scrollbars - (window->ScrollbarY ? style.ScrollbarSize : 0.0f)) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar) && (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar));
+            if (window->ScrollbarX && !window->ScrollbarY)
+                window->ScrollbarY = (needed_size_from_last_frame.y > size_y_for_scrollbars) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar);
+            window->ScrollbarSizes = ImVec2(window->ScrollbarY ? style.ScrollbarSize : 0.0f, window->ScrollbarX ? style.ScrollbarSize : 0.0f);
+
+            // Amend the partially filled window->DecorationXXX values.
+            window->DecoOuterSizeX2 += window->ScrollbarSizes.x;
+            window->DecoOuterSizeY2 += window->ScrollbarSizes.y;
+        }
+
+        // UPDATE RECTANGLES (1- THOSE NOT AFFECTED BY SCROLLING)
+        // Update various regions. Variables they depend on should be set above in this function.
+        // We set this up after processing the resize grip so that our rectangles doesn't lag by a frame.
+
+        // Outer rectangle
+        // Not affected by window border size. Used by:
+        // - FindHoveredWindow() (w/ extra padding when border resize is enabled)
+        // - Begin() initial clipping rect for drawing window background and borders.
+        // - Begin() clipping whole child
+        const ImRect host_rect = ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && !window_is_child_tooltip) ? parent_window->ClipRect : viewport_rect;
+        const ImRect outer_rect = window->Rect();
+        const ImRect title_bar_rect = window->TitleBarRect();
+        window->OuterRectClipped = outer_rect;
+        if (window->DockIsActive)
+            window->OuterRectClipped.Min.y += window->TitleBarHeight();
+        window->OuterRectClipped.ClipWith(host_rect);
+
+        // Inner rectangle
+        // Not affected by window border size. Used by:
+        // - InnerClipRect
+        // - ScrollToRectEx()
+        // - NavUpdatePageUpPageDown()
+        // - Scrollbar()
+        window->InnerRect.Min.x = window->Pos.x + window->DecoOuterSizeX1;
+        window->InnerRect.Min.y = window->Pos.y + window->DecoOuterSizeY1;
+        window->InnerRect.Max.x = window->Pos.x + window->Size.x - window->DecoOuterSizeX2;
+        window->InnerRect.Max.y = window->Pos.y + window->Size.y - window->DecoOuterSizeY2;
+
+        // Inner clipping rectangle.
+        // Will extend a little bit outside the normal work region.
+        // This is to allow e.g. Selectable or CollapsingHeader or some separators to cover that space.
+        // Force round operator last to ensure that e.g. (int)(max.x-min.x) in user's render code produce correct result.
+        // Note that if our window is collapsed we will end up with an inverted (~null) clipping rectangle which is the correct behavior.
+        // Affected by window/frame border size. Used by:
+        // - Begin() initial clip rect
+        float top_border_size = (((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar) || !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar)) ? style.FrameBorderSize : window->WindowBorderSize);
+        window->InnerClipRect.Min.x = ImFloor(0.5f + window->InnerRect.Min.x + ImMax(ImFloor(window->WindowPadding.x * 0.5f), window->WindowBorderSize));
+        window->InnerClipRect.Min.y = ImFloor(0.5f + window->InnerRect.Min.y + top_border_size);
+        window->InnerClipRect.Max.x = ImFloor(0.5f + window->InnerRect.Max.x - ImMax(ImFloor(window->WindowPadding.x * 0.5f), window->WindowBorderSize));
+        window->InnerClipRect.Max.y = ImFloor(0.5f + window->InnerRect.Max.y - window->WindowBorderSize);
+        window->InnerClipRect.ClipWithFull(host_rect);
+
+        // Default item width. Make it proportional to window size if window manually resizes
+        if (window->Size.x > 0.0f && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
+            window->ItemWidthDefault = ImFloor(window->Size.x * 0.65f);
+        else
+            window->ItemWidthDefault = ImFloor(g.FontSize * 16.0f);
+
+        // SCROLLING
+
+        // Lock down maximum scrolling
+        // The value of ScrollMax are ahead from ScrollbarX/ScrollbarY which is intentionally using InnerRect from previous rect in order to accommodate
+        // for right/bottom aligned items without creating a scrollbar.
+        window->ScrollMax.x = ImMax(0.0f, window->ContentSize.x + window->WindowPadding.x * 2.0f - window->InnerRect.GetWidth());
+        window->ScrollMax.y = ImMax(0.0f, window->ContentSize.y + window->WindowPadding.y * 2.0f - window->InnerRect.GetHeight());
+
+        // Apply scrolling
+        window->Scroll = CalcNextScrollFromScrollTargetAndClamp(window);
+        window->ScrollTarget = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+        window->DecoInnerSizeX1 = window->DecoInnerSizeY1 = 0.0f;
+
+        // DRAWING
+
+        // Setup draw list and outer clipping rectangle
+        IM_ASSERT(window->DrawList->CmdBuffer.Size == 1 && window->DrawList->CmdBuffer[0].ElemCount == 0);
+        window->DrawList->PushTextureID(g.Font->ContainerAtlas->TexID);
+        PushClipRect(host_rect.Min, host_rect.Max, false);
+
+        // Child windows can render their decoration (bg color, border, scrollbars, etc.) within their parent to save a draw call (since 1.71)
+        // When using overlapping child windows, this will break the assumption that child z-order is mapped to submission order.
+        // FIXME: User code may rely on explicit sorting of overlapping child window and would need to disable this somehow. Please get in contact if you are affected (github #4493)
+        const bool is_undocked_or_docked_visible = !window->DockIsActive || window->DockTabIsVisible;
+        if (is_undocked_or_docked_visible)
+        {
+            bool render_decorations_in_parent = false;
+            if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && !window_is_child_tooltip)
+            {
+                // - We test overlap with the previous child window only (testing all would end up being O(log N) not a good investment here)
+                // - We disable this when the parent window has zero vertices, which is a common pattern leading to laying out multiple overlapping childs
+                ImGuiWindow* previous_child = parent_window->DC.ChildWindows.Size >= 2 ? parent_window->DC.ChildWindows[parent_window->DC.ChildWindows.Size - 2] : NULL;
+                bool previous_child_overlapping = previous_child ? previous_child->Rect().Overlaps(window->Rect()) : false;
+                bool parent_is_empty = parent_window->DrawList->VtxBuffer.Size > 0;
+                if (window->DrawList->CmdBuffer.back().ElemCount == 0 && parent_is_empty && !previous_child_overlapping)
+                    render_decorations_in_parent = true;
+            }
+            if (render_decorations_in_parent)
+                window->DrawList = parent_window->DrawList;
+
+            // Handle title bar, scrollbar, resize grips and resize borders
+            const ImGuiWindow* window_to_highlight = g.NavWindowingTarget ? g.NavWindowingTarget : g.NavWindow;
+            const bool title_bar_is_highlight = want_focus || (window_to_highlight && (window->RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight == window_to_highlight->RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight || (window->DockNode && window->DockNode == window_to_highlight->DockNode)));
+            RenderWindowDecorations(window, title_bar_rect, title_bar_is_highlight, handle_borders_and_resize_grips, resize_grip_count, resize_grip_col, resize_grip_draw_size);
+
+            if (render_decorations_in_parent)
+                window->DrawList = &window->DrawListInst;
+        }
+
+        // UPDATE RECTANGLES (2- THOSE AFFECTED BY SCROLLING)
+
+        // Work rectangle.
+        // Affected by window padding and border size. Used by:
+        // - Columns() for right-most edge
+        // - TreeNode(), CollapsingHeader() for right-most edge
+        // - BeginTabBar() for right-most edge
+        const bool allow_scrollbar_x = !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar) && (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar);
+        const bool allow_scrollbar_y = !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar);
+        const float work_rect_size_x = (window->ContentSizeExplicit.x != 0.0f ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.x : ImMax(allow_scrollbar_x ? window->ContentSize.x : 0.0f, window->Size.x - window->WindowPadding.x * 2.0f - (window->DecoOuterSizeX1 + window->DecoOuterSizeX2)));
+        const float work_rect_size_y = (window->ContentSizeExplicit.y != 0.0f ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.y : ImMax(allow_scrollbar_y ? window->ContentSize.y : 0.0f, window->Size.y - window->WindowPadding.y * 2.0f - (window->DecoOuterSizeY1 + window->DecoOuterSizeY2)));
+        window->WorkRect.Min.x = ImFloor(window->InnerRect.Min.x - window->Scroll.x + ImMax(window->WindowPadding.x, window->WindowBorderSize));
+        window->WorkRect.Min.y = ImFloor(window->InnerRect.Min.y - window->Scroll.y + ImMax(window->WindowPadding.y, window->WindowBorderSize));
+        window->WorkRect.Max.x = window->WorkRect.Min.x + work_rect_size_x;
+        window->WorkRect.Max.y = window->WorkRect.Min.y + work_rect_size_y;
+        window->ParentWorkRect = window->WorkRect;
+
+        // [LEGACY] Content Region
+        // FIXME-OBSOLETE: window->ContentRegionRect.Max is currently very misleading / partly faulty, but some BeginChild() patterns relies on it.
+        // Used by:
+        // - Mouse wheel scrolling + many other things
+        window->ContentRegionRect.Min.x = window->Pos.x - window->Scroll.x + window->WindowPadding.x + window->DecoOuterSizeX1;
+        window->ContentRegionRect.Min.y = window->Pos.y - window->Scroll.y + window->WindowPadding.y + window->DecoOuterSizeY1;
+        window->ContentRegionRect.Max.x = window->ContentRegionRect.Min.x + (window->ContentSizeExplicit.x != 0.0f ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.x : (window->Size.x - window->WindowPadding.x * 2.0f - (window->DecoOuterSizeX1 + window->DecoOuterSizeX2)));
+        window->ContentRegionRect.Max.y = window->ContentRegionRect.Min.y + (window->ContentSizeExplicit.y != 0.0f ? window->ContentSizeExplicit.y : (window->Size.y - window->WindowPadding.y * 2.0f - (window->DecoOuterSizeY1 + window->DecoOuterSizeY2)));
+
+        // Setup drawing context
+        // (NB: That term "drawing context / DC" lost its meaning a long time ago. Initially was meant to hold transient data only. Nowadays difference between window-> and window->DC-> is dubious.)
+        window->DC.Indent.x = window->DecoOuterSizeX1 + window->WindowPadding.x - window->Scroll.x;
+        window->DC.GroupOffset.x = 0.0f;
+        window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x = 0.0f;
+
+        // Record the loss of precision of CursorStartPos which can happen due to really large scrolling amount.
+        // This is used by clipper to compensate and fix the most common use case of large scroll area. Easy and cheap, next best thing compared to switching everything to double or ImU64.
+        double start_pos_highp_x = (double)window->Pos.x + window->WindowPadding.x - (double)window->Scroll.x + window->DecoOuterSizeX1 + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x;
+        double start_pos_highp_y = (double)window->Pos.y + window->WindowPadding.y - (double)window->Scroll.y + window->DecoOuterSizeY1;
+        window->DC.CursorStartPos  = ImVec2((float)start_pos_highp_x, (float)start_pos_highp_y);
+        window->DC.CursorStartPosLossyness = ImVec2((float)(start_pos_highp_x - window->DC.CursorStartPos.x), (float)(start_pos_highp_y - window->DC.CursorStartPos.y));
+        window->DC.CursorPos = window->DC.CursorStartPos;
+        window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine = window->DC.CursorPos;
+        window->DC.CursorMaxPos = window->DC.CursorStartPos;
+        window->DC.IdealMaxPos = window->DC.CursorStartPos;
+        window->DC.CurrLineSize = window->DC.PrevLineSize = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset = 0.0f;
+        window->DC.IsSameLine = window->DC.IsSetPos = false;
+
+        window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+        window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask = window->DC.NavLayersActiveMaskNext;
+        window->DC.NavLayersActiveMaskNext = 0x00;
+        window->DC.NavHideHighlightOneFrame = false;
+        window->DC.NavHasScroll = (window->ScrollMax.y > 0.0f);
+
+        window->DC.MenuBarAppending = false;
+        window->DC.MenuColumns.Update(style.ItemSpacing.x, window_just_activated_by_user);
+        window->DC.TreeDepth = 0;
+        window->DC.TreeJumpToParentOnPopMask = 0x00;
+        window->DC.ChildWindows.resize(0);
+        window->DC.StateStorage = &window->StateStorage;
+        window->DC.CurrentColumns = NULL;
+        window->DC.LayoutType = ImGuiLayoutType_Vertical;
+        window->DC.ParentLayoutType = parent_window ? parent_window->DC.LayoutType : ImGuiLayoutType_Vertical;
+
+        window->DC.ItemWidth = window->ItemWidthDefault;
+        window->DC.TextWrapPos = -1.0f; // disabled
+        window->DC.ItemWidthStack.resize(0);
+        window->DC.TextWrapPosStack.resize(0);
+
+        if (window->AutoFitFramesX > 0)
+            window->AutoFitFramesX--;
+        if (window->AutoFitFramesY > 0)
+            window->AutoFitFramesY--;
+
+        // Apply focus (we need to call FocusWindow() AFTER setting DC.CursorStartPos so our initial navigation reference rectangle can start around there)
+        if (want_focus)
+        {
+            FocusWindow(window);
+            NavInitWindow(window, false); // <-- this is in the way for us to be able to defer and sort reappearing FocusWindow() calls
+        }
+
+        // Close requested by platform window
+        if (p_open != NULL && window->Viewport->PlatformRequestClose && window->Viewport != GetMainViewport())
+        {
+            if (!window->DockIsActive || window->DockTabIsVisible)
+            {
+                window->Viewport->PlatformRequestClose = false;
+                g.NavWindowingToggleLayer = false; // Assume user mapped PlatformRequestClose on ALT-F4 so we disable ALT for menu toggle. False positive not an issue.
+                IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT("[viewport] Window '%s' PlatformRequestClose\n", window->Name);
+                *p_open = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Title bar
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) && !window->DockIsActive)
+            RenderWindowTitleBarContents(window, ImRect(title_bar_rect.Min.x + window->WindowBorderSize, title_bar_rect.Min.y, title_bar_rect.Max.x - window->WindowBorderSize, title_bar_rect.Max.y), name, p_open);
+
+        // Clear hit test shape every frame
+        window->HitTestHoleSize.x = window->HitTestHoleSize.y = 0;
+
+        // Pressing CTRL+C while holding on a window copy its content to the clipboard
+        // This works but 1. doesn't handle multiple Begin/End pairs, 2. recursing into another Begin/End pair - so we need to work that out and add better logging scope.
+        // Maybe we can support CTRL+C on every element?
+        /*
+        //if (g.NavWindow == window && g.ActiveId == 0)
+        if (g.ActiveId == window->MoveId)
+            if (g.IO.KeyCtrl && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_C))
+                LogToClipboard();
+        */
+
+        if (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable)
+        {
+            // Docking: Dragging a dockable window (or any of its child) turns it into a drag and drop source.
+            // We need to do this _before_ we overwrite window->DC.LastItemId below because BeginDockableDragDropSource() also overwrites it.
+            if ((g.MovingWindow == window) && (g.IO.ConfigDockingWithShift == g.IO.KeyShift))
+                if ((window->RootWindowDockTree->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking) == 0)
+                    BeginDockableDragDropSource(window);
+
+            // Docking: Any dockable window can act as a target. For dock node hosts we call BeginDockableDragDropTarget() in DockNodeUpdate() instead.
+            if (g.DragDropActive && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking))
+                if (g.MovingWindow == NULL || g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree != window)
+                    if ((window == window->RootWindowDockTree) && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost))
+                        BeginDockableDragDropTarget(window);
+        }
+
+        // We fill last item data based on Title Bar/Tab, in order for IsItemHovered() and IsItemActive() to be usable after Begin().
+        // This is useful to allow creating context menus on title bar only, etc.
+        if (window->DockIsActive)
+            SetLastItemData(window->MoveId, g.CurrentItemFlags, window->DockTabItemStatusFlags, window->DockTabItemRect);
+        else
+            SetLastItemData(window->MoveId, g.CurrentItemFlags, IsMouseHoveringRect(title_bar_rect.Min, title_bar_rect.Max, false) ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect : 0, title_bar_rect);
+
+        // [DEBUG]
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+        if (g.DebugLocateId != 0 && (window->ID == g.DebugLocateId || window->MoveId == g.DebugLocateId))
+            DebugLocateItemResolveWithLastItem();
+#endif
+
+        // [Test Engine] Register title bar / tab with MoveId.
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+        if (!(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar))
+            IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(g.LastItemData.ID, g.LastItemData.Rect, &g.LastItemData);
+#endif
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Append
+        SetCurrentViewport(window, window->Viewport);
+        SetCurrentWindow(window);
+    }
+
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost))
+        PushClipRect(window->InnerClipRect.Min, window->InnerClipRect.Max, true);
+
+    // Clear 'accessed' flag last thing (After PushClipRect which will set the flag. We want the flag to stay false when the default "Debug" window is unused)
+    window->WriteAccessed = false;
+    window->BeginCount++;
+    g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags();
+
+    // Update visibility
+    if (first_begin_of_the_frame)
+    {
+        // When we are about to select this tab (which will only be visible on the _next frame_), flag it with a non-zero HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems.
+        // This will have the important effect of actually returning true in Begin() and not setting SkipItems, allowing an earlier submission of the window contents.
+        // This is analogous to regular windows being hidden from one frame.
+        // It is especially important as e.g. nested TabBars would otherwise generate flicker in the form of one empty frame, or focus requests won't be processed.
+        if (window->DockIsActive && !window->DockTabIsVisible)
+        {
+            if (window->LastFrameJustFocused == g.FrameCount)
+                window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems = 1;
+            else
+                window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems = 1;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+        {
+            // Child window can be out of sight and have "negative" clip windows.
+            // Mark them as collapsed so commands are skipped earlier (we can't manually collapse them because they have no title bar).
+            IM_ASSERT((flags& ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) != 0 || (window->DockIsActive));
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize) && window->AutoFitFramesX <= 0 && window->AutoFitFramesY <= 0) // FIXME: Doesn't make sense for ChildWindow??
+            {
+                const bool nav_request = (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened) && (g.NavAnyRequest && g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow->RootWindowForNav == window->RootWindowForNav);
+                if (!g.LogEnabled && !nav_request)
+                    if (window->OuterRectClipped.Min.x >= window->OuterRectClipped.Max.x || window->OuterRectClipped.Min.y >= window->OuterRectClipped.Max.y)
+                        window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems = 1;
+            }
+
+            // Hide along with parent or if parent is collapsed
+            if (parent_window && (parent_window->Collapsed || parent_window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems > 0))
+                window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems = 1;
+            if (parent_window && (parent_window->Collapsed || parent_window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems > 0))
+                window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems = 1;
+        }
+
+        // Don't render if style alpha is 0.0 at the time of Begin(). This is arbitrary and inconsistent but has been there for a long while (may remove at some point)
+        if (style.Alpha <= 0.0f)
+            window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems = 1;
+
+        // Update the Hidden flag
+        bool hidden_regular = (window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems > 0) || (window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems > 0);
+        window->Hidden = hidden_regular || (window->HiddenFramesForRenderOnly > 0);
+
+        // Disable inputs for requested number of frames
+        if (window->DisableInputsFrames > 0)
+        {
+            window->DisableInputsFrames--;
+            window->Flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs;
+        }
+
+        // Update the SkipItems flag, used to early out of all items functions (no layout required)
+        bool skip_items = false;
+        if (window->Collapsed || !window->Active || hidden_regular)
+            if (window->AutoFitFramesX <= 0 && window->AutoFitFramesY <= 0 && window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems <= 0)
+                skip_items = true;
+        window->SkipItems = skip_items;
+
+        // Restore NavLayersActiveMaskNext to previous value when not visible, so a CTRL+Tab back can use a safe value.
+        if (window->SkipItems)
+            window->DC.NavLayersActiveMaskNext = window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask;
+
+        // Sanity check: there are two spots which can set Appearing = true
+        // - when 'window_just_activated_by_user' is set -> HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems is set -> SkipItems always false
+        // - in BeginDocked() path when DockNodeIsVisible == DockTabIsVisible == true -> hidden _should_ be all zero // FIXME: Not formally proven, hence the assert.
+        if (window->SkipItems && !window->Appearing)
+            IM_ASSERT(window->Appearing == false); // Please report on GitHub if this triggers: https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/4177
+    }
+
+    // [DEBUG] io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValue override return value to test Begin/End and BeginChild/EndChild behaviors.
+    // (The implicit fallback window is NOT automatically ended allowing it to always be able to receive commands without crashing)
+    if (!window->IsFallbackWindow && ((g.IO.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueOnce && window_just_created) || (g.IO.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueLoop && g.DebugBeginReturnValueCullDepth == g.CurrentWindowStack.Size)))
+    {
+        if (window->AutoFitFramesX > 0) { window->AutoFitFramesX++; }
+        if (window->AutoFitFramesY > 0) { window->AutoFitFramesY++; }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return !window->SkipItems;
+}
+
+void ImGui::End()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    // Error checking: verify that user hasn't called End() too many times!
+    if (g.CurrentWindowStack.Size <= 1 && g.WithinFrameScopeWithImplicitWindow)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(g.CurrentWindowStack.Size > 1, "Calling End() too many times!");
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentWindowStack.Size > 0);
+
+    // Error checking: verify that user doesn't directly call End() on a child window.
+    if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost) && !window->DockIsActive)
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(g.WithinEndChild, "Must call EndChild() and not End()!");
+
+    // Close anything that is open
+    if (window->DC.CurrentColumns)
+        EndColumns();
+    if (!(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost))   // Pop inner window clip rectangle
+        PopClipRect();
+    PopFocusScope();
+
+    // Stop logging
+    if (!(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow))    // FIXME: add more options for scope of logging
+        LogFinish();
+
+    if (window->DC.IsSetPos)
+        ErrorCheckUsingSetCursorPosToExtendParentBoundaries();
+
+    // Docking: report contents sizes to parent to allow for auto-resize
+    if (window->DockNode && window->DockTabIsVisible)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* host_window = window->DockNode->HostWindow)         // FIXME-DOCK
+            host_window->DC.CursorMaxPos = window->DC.CursorMaxPos + window->WindowPadding - host_window->WindowPadding;
+
+    // Pop from window stack
+    g.LastItemData = g.CurrentWindowStack.back().ParentLastItemDataBackup;
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)
+        g.BeginMenuCount--;
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)
+        g.BeginPopupStack.pop_back();
+    g.CurrentWindowStack.back().StackSizesOnBegin.CompareWithContextState(&g);
+    g.CurrentWindowStack.pop_back();
+    SetCurrentWindow(g.CurrentWindowStack.Size == 0 ? NULL : g.CurrentWindowStack.back().Window);
+    if (g.CurrentWindow)
+        SetCurrentViewport(g.CurrentWindow, g.CurrentWindow->Viewport);
+}
+
+void ImGui::BringWindowToFocusFront(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(window == window->RootWindow);
+
+    const int cur_order = window->FocusOrder;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.WindowsFocusOrder[cur_order] == window);
+    if (g.WindowsFocusOrder.back() == window)
+        return;
+
+    const int new_order = g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size - 1;
+    for (int n = cur_order; n < new_order; n++)
+    {
+        g.WindowsFocusOrder[n] = g.WindowsFocusOrder[n + 1];
+        g.WindowsFocusOrder[n]->FocusOrder--;
+        IM_ASSERT(g.WindowsFocusOrder[n]->FocusOrder == n);
+    }
+    g.WindowsFocusOrder[new_order] = window;
+    window->FocusOrder = (short)new_order;
+}
+
+void ImGui::BringWindowToDisplayFront(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* current_front_window = g.Windows.back();
+    if (current_front_window == window || current_front_window->RootWindowDockTree == window) // Cheap early out (could be better)
+        return;
+    for (int i = g.Windows.Size - 2; i >= 0; i--) // We can ignore the top-most window
+        if (g.Windows[i] == window)
+        {
+            memmove(&g.Windows[i], &g.Windows[i + 1], (size_t)(g.Windows.Size - i - 1) * sizeof(ImGuiWindow*));
+            g.Windows[g.Windows.Size - 1] = window;
+            break;
+        }
+}
+
+void ImGui::BringWindowToDisplayBack(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.Windows[0] == window)
+        return;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g.Windows.Size; i++)
+        if (g.Windows[i] == window)
+        {
+            memmove(&g.Windows[1], &g.Windows[0], (size_t)i * sizeof(ImGuiWindow*));
+            g.Windows[0] = window;
+            break;
+        }
+}
+
+void ImGui::BringWindowToDisplayBehind(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* behind_window)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(window != NULL && behind_window != NULL);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    window = window->RootWindow;
+    behind_window = behind_window->RootWindow;
+    int pos_wnd = FindWindowDisplayIndex(window);
+    int pos_beh = FindWindowDisplayIndex(behind_window);
+    if (pos_wnd < pos_beh)
+    {
+        size_t copy_bytes = (pos_beh - pos_wnd - 1) * sizeof(ImGuiWindow*);
+        memmove(&g.Windows.Data[pos_wnd], &g.Windows.Data[pos_wnd + 1], copy_bytes);
+        g.Windows[pos_beh - 1] = window;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        size_t copy_bytes = (pos_wnd - pos_beh) * sizeof(ImGuiWindow*);
+        memmove(&g.Windows.Data[pos_beh + 1], &g.Windows.Data[pos_beh], copy_bytes);
+        g.Windows[pos_beh] = window;
+    }
+}
+
+int ImGui::FindWindowDisplayIndex(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.Windows.index_from_ptr(g.Windows.find(window));
+}
+
+// Moving window to front of display and set focus (which happens to be back of our sorted list)
+void ImGui::FocusWindow(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    if (g.NavWindow != window)
+    {
+        SetNavWindow(window);
+        if (window && g.NavDisableMouseHover)
+            g.NavMousePosDirty = true;
+        g.NavId = window ? window->NavLastIds[0] : 0; // Restore NavId
+        g.NavLayer = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+        g.NavFocusScopeId = window ? window->NavRootFocusScopeId : 0;
+        g.NavIdIsAlive = false;
+
+        // Close popups if any
+        ClosePopupsOverWindow(window, false);
+    }
+
+    // Move the root window to the top of the pile
+    IM_ASSERT(window == NULL || window->RootWindowDockTree != NULL);
+    ImGuiWindow* focus_front_window = window ? window->RootWindow : NULL;
+    ImGuiWindow* display_front_window = window ? window->RootWindowDockTree : NULL;
+    ImGuiDockNode* dock_node = window ? window->DockNode : NULL;
+    bool active_id_window_is_dock_node_host = (g.ActiveIdWindow && dock_node && dock_node->HostWindow == g.ActiveIdWindow);
+
+    // Steal active widgets. Some of the cases it triggers includes:
+    // - Focus a window while an InputText in another window is active, if focus happens before the old InputText can run.
+    // - When using Nav to activate menu items (due to timing of activating on press->new window appears->losing ActiveId)
+    // - Using dock host items (tab, collapse button) can trigger this before we redirect the ActiveIdWindow toward the child window.
+    if (g.ActiveId != 0 && g.ActiveIdWindow && g.ActiveIdWindow->RootWindow != focus_front_window)
+        if (!g.ActiveIdNoClearOnFocusLoss && !active_id_window_is_dock_node_host)
+            ClearActiveID();
+
+    // Passing NULL allow to disable keyboard focus
+    if (!window)
+        return;
+    window->LastFrameJustFocused = g.FrameCount;
+
+    // Select in dock node
+    if (dock_node && dock_node->TabBar)
+        dock_node->TabBar->SelectedTabId = dock_node->TabBar->NextSelectedTabId = window->TabId;
+
+    // Bring to front
+    BringWindowToFocusFront(focus_front_window);
+    if (((window->Flags | focus_front_window->Flags | display_front_window->Flags) & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus) == 0)
+        BringWindowToDisplayFront(display_front_window);
+}
+
+void ImGui::FocusTopMostWindowUnderOne(ImGuiWindow* under_this_window, ImGuiWindow* ignore_window, ImGuiViewport* filter_viewport)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    int start_idx = g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size - 1;
+    if (under_this_window != NULL)
+    {
+        // Aim at root window behind us, if we are in a child window that's our own root (see #4640)
+        int offset = -1;
+        while (under_this_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+        {
+            under_this_window = under_this_window->ParentWindow;
+            offset = 0;
+        }
+        start_idx = FindWindowFocusIndex(under_this_window) + offset;
+    }
+    for (int i = start_idx; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+        // We may later decide to test for different NoXXXInputs based on the active navigation input (mouse vs nav) but that may feel more confusing to the user.
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.WindowsFocusOrder[i];
+        IM_ASSERT(window == window->RootWindow);
+        if (window == ignore_window || !window->WasActive)
+            continue;
+        if (filter_viewport != NULL && window->Viewport != filter_viewport)
+            continue;
+        if ((window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs)) != (ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs))
+        {
+            // FIXME-DOCK: This is failing (lagging by one frame) for docked windows.
+            // If A and B are docked into window and B disappear, at the NewFrame() call site window->NavLastChildNavWindow will still point to B.
+            // We might leverage the tab order implicitly stored in window->DockNodeAsHost->TabBar (essentially the 'most_recently_selected_tab' code in tab bar will do that but on next update)
+            // to tell which is the "previous" window. Or we may leverage 'LastFrameFocused/LastFrameJustFocused' and have this function handle child window itself?
+            ImGuiWindow* focus_window = NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(window);
+            FocusWindow(focus_window);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    FocusWindow(NULL);
+}
+
+// Important: this alone doesn't alter current ImDrawList state. This is called by PushFont/PopFont only.
+void ImGui::SetCurrentFont(ImFont* font)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(font && font->IsLoaded());    // Font Atlas not created. Did you call io.Fonts->GetTexDataAsRGBA32 / GetTexDataAsAlpha8 ?
+    IM_ASSERT(font->Scale > 0.0f);
+    g.Font = font;
+    g.FontBaseSize = ImMax(1.0f, g.IO.FontGlobalScale * g.Font->FontSize * g.Font->Scale);
+    g.FontSize = g.CurrentWindow ? g.CurrentWindow->CalcFontSize() : 0.0f;
+
+    ImFontAtlas* atlas = g.Font->ContainerAtlas;
+    g.DrawListSharedData.TexUvWhitePixel = atlas->TexUvWhitePixel;
+    g.DrawListSharedData.TexUvLines = atlas->TexUvLines;
+    g.DrawListSharedData.Font = g.Font;
+    g.DrawListSharedData.FontSize = g.FontSize;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushFont(ImFont* font)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!font)
+        font = GetDefaultFont();
+    SetCurrentFont(font);
+    g.FontStack.push_back(font);
+    g.CurrentWindow->DrawList->PushTextureID(font->ContainerAtlas->TexID);
+}
+
+void  ImGui::PopFont()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.CurrentWindow->DrawList->PopTextureID();
+    g.FontStack.pop_back();
+    SetCurrentFont(g.FontStack.empty() ? GetDefaultFont() : g.FontStack.back());
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags option, bool enabled)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiItemFlags item_flags = g.CurrentItemFlags;
+    IM_ASSERT(item_flags == g.ItemFlagsStack.back());
+    if (enabled)
+        item_flags |= option;
+    else
+        item_flags &= ~option;
+    g.CurrentItemFlags = item_flags;
+    g.ItemFlagsStack.push_back(item_flags);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopItemFlag()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.ItemFlagsStack.Size > 1); // Too many calls to PopItemFlag() - we always leave a 0 at the bottom of the stack.
+    g.ItemFlagsStack.pop_back();
+    g.CurrentItemFlags = g.ItemFlagsStack.back();
+}
+
+// BeginDisabled()/EndDisabled()
+// - Those can be nested but it cannot be used to enable an already disabled section (a single BeginDisabled(true) in the stack is enough to keep everything disabled)
+// - Visually this is currently altering alpha, but it is expected that in a future styling system this would work differently.
+// - Feedback welcome at https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/211
+// - BeginDisabled(false) essentially does nothing useful but is provided to facilitate use of boolean expressions. If you can avoid calling BeginDisabled(False)/EndDisabled() best to avoid it.
+// - Optimized shortcuts instead of PushStyleVar() + PushItemFlag()
+void ImGui::BeginDisabled(bool disabled)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    bool was_disabled = (g.CurrentItemFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) != 0;
+    if (!was_disabled && disabled)
+    {
+        g.DisabledAlphaBackup = g.Style.Alpha;
+        g.Style.Alpha *= g.Style.DisabledAlpha; // PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_Alpha, g.Style.Alpha * g.Style.DisabledAlpha);
+    }
+    if (was_disabled || disabled)
+        g.CurrentItemFlags |= ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled;
+    g.ItemFlagsStack.push_back(g.CurrentItemFlags);
+    g.DisabledStackSize++;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndDisabled()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DisabledStackSize > 0);
+    g.DisabledStackSize--;
+    bool was_disabled = (g.CurrentItemFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) != 0;
+    //PopItemFlag();
+    g.ItemFlagsStack.pop_back();
+    g.CurrentItemFlags = g.ItemFlagsStack.back();
+    if (was_disabled && (g.CurrentItemFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) == 0)
+        g.Style.Alpha = g.DisabledAlphaBackup; //PopStyleVar();
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushTabStop(bool tab_stop)
+{
+    PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_NoTabStop, !tab_stop);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopTabStop()
+{
+    PopItemFlag();
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushButtonRepeat(bool repeat)
+{
+    PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_ButtonRepeat, repeat);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopButtonRepeat()
+{
+    PopItemFlag();
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(float wrap_pos_x)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.TextWrapPosStack.push_back(window->DC.TextWrapPos);
+    window->DC.TextWrapPos = wrap_pos_x;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopTextWrapPos()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.TextWrapPos = window->DC.TextWrapPosStack.back();
+    window->DC.TextWrapPosStack.pop_back();
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* GetCombinedRootWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, bool popup_hierarchy, bool dock_hierarchy)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* last_window = NULL;
+    while (last_window != window)
+    {
+        last_window = window;
+        window = window->RootWindow;
+        if (popup_hierarchy)
+            window = window->RootWindowPopupTree;
+		if (dock_hierarchy)
+			window = window->RootWindowDockTree;
+	}
+    return window;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowChildOf(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* potential_parent, bool popup_hierarchy, bool dock_hierarchy)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window_root = GetCombinedRootWindow(window, popup_hierarchy, dock_hierarchy);
+    if (window_root == potential_parent)
+        return true;
+    while (window != NULL)
+    {
+        if (window == potential_parent)
+            return true;
+        if (window == window_root) // end of chain
+            return false;
+        window = window->ParentWindow;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* potential_parent)
+{
+    if (window->RootWindow == potential_parent)
+        return true;
+    while (window != NULL)
+    {
+        if (window == potential_parent)
+            return true;
+        window = window->ParentWindowInBeginStack;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowAbove(ImGuiWindow* potential_above, ImGuiWindow* potential_below)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // It would be saner to ensure that display layer is always reflected in the g.Windows[] order, which would likely requires altering all manipulations of that array
+    const int display_layer_delta = GetWindowDisplayLayer(potential_above) - GetWindowDisplayLayer(potential_below);
+    if (display_layer_delta != 0)
+        return display_layer_delta > 0;
+
+    for (int i = g.Windows.Size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* candidate_window = g.Windows[i];
+        if (candidate_window == potential_above)
+            return true;
+        if (candidate_window == potential_below)
+            return false;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags flags)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & (ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenOverlapped | ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenDisabled)) == 0);   // Flags not supported by this function
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* ref_window = g.HoveredWindow;
+    ImGuiWindow* cur_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (ref_window == NULL)
+        return false;
+
+    if ((flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow) == 0)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(cur_window); // Not inside a Begin()/End()
+        const bool popup_hierarchy = (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoPopupHierarchy) == 0;
+        const bool dock_hierarchy = (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_DockHierarchy) != 0;
+        if (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow)
+            cur_window = GetCombinedRootWindow(cur_window, popup_hierarchy, dock_hierarchy);
+
+        bool result;
+        if (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows)
+            result = IsWindowChildOf(ref_window, cur_window, popup_hierarchy, dock_hierarchy);
+        else
+            result = (ref_window == cur_window);
+        if (!result)
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!IsWindowContentHoverable(ref_window, flags))
+        return false;
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem))
+        if (g.ActiveId != 0 && !g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap && g.ActiveId != ref_window->MoveId)
+            return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* ref_window = g.NavWindow;
+    ImGuiWindow* cur_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    if (ref_window == NULL)
+        return false;
+    if (flags & ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow)
+        return true;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(cur_window); // Not inside a Begin()/End()
+    const bool popup_hierarchy = (flags & ImGuiFocusedFlags_NoPopupHierarchy) == 0;
+    const bool dock_hierarchy = (flags & ImGuiFocusedFlags_DockHierarchy) != 0;
+    if (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow)
+        cur_window = GetCombinedRootWindow(cur_window, popup_hierarchy, dock_hierarchy);
+
+    if (flags & ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows)
+        return IsWindowChildOf(ref_window, cur_window, popup_hierarchy, dock_hierarchy);
+    else
+        return (ref_window == cur_window);
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetWindowDockID()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.CurrentWindow->DockId;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowDocked()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.CurrentWindow->DockIsActive;
+}
+
+// Can we focus this window with CTRL+TAB (or PadMenu + PadFocusPrev/PadFocusNext)
+// Note that NoNavFocus makes the window not reachable with CTRL+TAB but it can still be focused with mouse or programmatically.
+// If you want a window to never be focused, you may use the e.g. NoInputs flag.
+bool ImGui::IsWindowNavFocusable(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    return window->WasActive && window == window->RootWindow && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus);
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetWindowWidth()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->Size.x;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetWindowHeight()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->Size.y;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetWindowPos()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    return window->Pos;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowPos(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    // Test condition (NB: bit 0 is always true) and clear flags for next time
+    if (cond && (window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags & cond) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(cond == 0 || ImIsPowerOfTwo(cond)); // Make sure the user doesn't attempt to combine multiple condition flags.
+    window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags &= ~(ImGuiCond_Once | ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver | ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+    window->SetWindowPosVal = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+
+    // Set
+    const ImVec2 old_pos = window->Pos;
+    window->Pos = ImFloor(pos);
+    ImVec2 offset = window->Pos - old_pos;
+    if (offset.x == 0.0f && offset.y == 0.0f)
+        return;
+    MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+    // FIXME: share code with TranslateWindow(), need to confirm whether the 3 rect modified by TranslateWindow() are desirable here.
+    window->DC.CursorPos += offset;         // As we happen to move the window while it is being appended to (which is a bad idea - will smear) let's at least offset the cursor
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos += offset;      // And more importantly we need to offset CursorMaxPos/CursorStartPos this so ContentSize calculation doesn't get affected.
+    window->DC.IdealMaxPos += offset;
+    window->DC.CursorStartPos += offset;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowPos(const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    SetWindowPos(window, pos, cond);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowPos(const char* name, const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(name))
+        SetWindowPos(window, pos, cond);
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetWindowSize()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->Size;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowSize(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    // Test condition (NB: bit 0 is always true) and clear flags for next time
+    if (cond && (window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags & cond) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(cond == 0 || ImIsPowerOfTwo(cond)); // Make sure the user doesn't attempt to combine multiple condition flags.
+    window->SetWindowSizeAllowFlags &= ~(ImGuiCond_Once | ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver | ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+
+    // Set
+    ImVec2 old_size = window->SizeFull;
+    window->AutoFitFramesX = (size.x <= 0.0f) ? 2 : 0;
+    window->AutoFitFramesY = (size.y <= 0.0f) ? 2 : 0;
+    if (size.x <= 0.0f)
+        window->AutoFitOnlyGrows = false;
+    else
+        window->SizeFull.x = IM_FLOOR(size.x);
+    if (size.y <= 0.0f)
+        window->AutoFitOnlyGrows = false;
+    else
+        window->SizeFull.y = IM_FLOOR(size.y);
+    if (old_size.x != window->SizeFull.x || old_size.y != window->SizeFull.y)
+        MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowSize(const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    SetWindowSize(GImGui->CurrentWindow, size, cond);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowSize(const char* name, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(name))
+        SetWindowSize(window, size, cond);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowCollapsed(ImGuiWindow* window, bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    // Test condition (NB: bit 0 is always true) and clear flags for next time
+    if (cond && (window->SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags & cond) == 0)
+        return;
+    window->SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags &= ~(ImGuiCond_Once | ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver | ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+
+    // Set
+    window->Collapsed = collapsed;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowHitTestHole(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& pos, const ImVec2& size)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(window->HitTestHoleSize.x == 0);     // We don't support multiple holes/hit test filters
+    window->HitTestHoleSize = ImVec2ih(size);
+    window->HitTestHoleOffset = ImVec2ih(pos - window->Pos);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowHiddendAndSkipItemsForCurrentFrame(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    window->Hidden = window->SkipItems = true;
+    window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems = 1;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowCollapsed(bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    SetWindowCollapsed(GImGui->CurrentWindow, collapsed, cond);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowCollapsed()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->Collapsed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsWindowAppearing()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->Appearing;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowCollapsed(const char* name, bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(name))
+        SetWindowCollapsed(window, collapsed, cond);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowFocus()
+{
+    FocusWindow(GImGui->CurrentWindow);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowFocus(const char* name)
+{
+    if (name)
+    {
+        if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(name))
+            FocusWindow(window);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        FocusWindow(NULL);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond, const ImVec2& pivot)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(cond == 0 || ImIsPowerOfTwo(cond)); // Make sure the user doesn't attempt to combine multiple condition flags.
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasPos;
+    g.NextWindowData.PosVal = pos;
+    g.NextWindowData.PosPivotVal = pivot;
+    g.NextWindowData.PosCond = cond ? cond : ImGuiCond_Always;
+    g.NextWindowData.PosUndock = true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(cond == 0 || ImIsPowerOfTwo(cond)); // Make sure the user doesn't attempt to combine multiple condition flags.
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSize;
+    g.NextWindowData.SizeVal = size;
+    g.NextWindowData.SizeCond = cond ? cond : ImGuiCond_Always;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(const ImVec2& size_min, const ImVec2& size_max, ImGuiSizeCallback custom_callback, void* custom_callback_user_data)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSizeConstraint;
+    g.NextWindowData.SizeConstraintRect = ImRect(size_min, size_max);
+    g.NextWindowData.SizeCallback = custom_callback;
+    g.NextWindowData.SizeCallbackUserData = custom_callback_user_data;
+}
+
+// Content size = inner scrollable rectangle, padded with WindowPadding.
+// SetNextWindowContentSize(ImVec2(100,100) + ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize will always allow submitting a 100x100 item.
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowContentSize(const ImVec2& size)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasContentSize;
+    g.NextWindowData.ContentSizeVal = ImFloor(size);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowScroll(const ImVec2& scroll)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasScroll;
+    g.NextWindowData.ScrollVal = scroll;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowCollapsed(bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(cond == 0 || ImIsPowerOfTwo(cond)); // Make sure the user doesn't attempt to combine multiple condition flags.
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasCollapsed;
+    g.NextWindowData.CollapsedVal = collapsed;
+    g.NextWindowData.CollapsedCond = cond ? cond : ImGuiCond_Always;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowFocus()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasFocus;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowBgAlpha(float alpha)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasBgAlpha;
+    g.NextWindowData.BgAlphaVal = alpha;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowViewport(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasViewport;
+    g.NextWindowData.ViewportId = id;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowDockID(ImGuiID id, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasDock;
+    g.NextWindowData.DockCond = cond ? cond : ImGuiCond_Always;
+    g.NextWindowData.DockId = id;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextWindowClass(const ImGuiWindowClass* window_class)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT((window_class->ViewportFlagsOverrideSet & window_class->ViewportFlagsOverrideClear) == 0); // Cannot set both set and clear for the same bit
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags |= ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasWindowClass;
+    g.NextWindowData.WindowClass = *window_class;
+}
+
+ImDrawList* ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    return window->DrawList;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetWindowDpiScale()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.CurrentDpiScale;
+}
+
+ImGuiViewport* ImGui::GetWindowViewport()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentViewport != NULL && g.CurrentViewport == g.CurrentWindow->Viewport);
+    return g.CurrentViewport;
+}
+
+ImFont* ImGui::GetFont()
+{
+    return GImGui->Font;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetFontSize()
+{
+    return GImGui->FontSize;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetFontTexUvWhitePixel()
+{
+    return GImGui->DrawListSharedData.TexUvWhitePixel;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowFontScale(float scale)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(scale > 0.0f);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->FontWindowScale = scale;
+    g.FontSize = g.DrawListSharedData.FontSize = window->CalcFontSize();
+}
+
+void ImGui::ActivateItem(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NavNextActivateId = id;
+    g.NavNextActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_None;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushFocusScope(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.FocusScopeStack.push_back(id);
+    g.CurrentFocusScopeId = id;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopFocusScope()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.FocusScopeStack.Size > 0); // Too many PopFocusScope() ?
+    g.FocusScopeStack.pop_back();
+    g.CurrentFocusScopeId = g.FocusScopeStack.Size ? g.FocusScopeStack.back() : 0;
+}
+
+// Note: this will likely be called ActivateItem() once we rework our Focus/Activation system!
+void ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere(int offset)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(offset >= -1);    // -1 is allowed but not below
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_ACTIVEID("SetKeyboardFocusHere(%d) in window \"%s\"\n", offset, window->Name);
+
+    // It makes sense in the vast majority of cases to never interrupt a drag and drop.
+    // When we refactor this function into ActivateItem() we may want to make this an option.
+    // MovingWindow is protected from most user inputs using SetActiveIdUsingNavAndKeys(), but
+    // is also automatically dropped in the event g.ActiveId is stolen.
+    if (g.DragDropActive || g.MovingWindow != NULL)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_ACTIVEID("SetKeyboardFocusHere() ignored while DragDropActive!\n");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SetNavWindow(window);
+
+    ImGuiScrollFlags scroll_flags = window->Appearing ? ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX | ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterY : ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY;
+    NavMoveRequestSubmit(ImGuiDir_None, offset < 0 ? ImGuiDir_Up : ImGuiDir_Down, ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_FocusApi, scroll_flags); // FIXME-NAV: Once we refactor tabbing, add LegacyApi flag to not activate non-inputable.
+    if (offset == -1)
+    {
+        NavMoveRequestResolveWithLastItem(&g.NavMoveResultLocal);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        g.NavTabbingDir = 1;
+        g.NavTabbingCounter = offset + 1;
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (!window->Appearing)
+        return;
+    if (g.NavWindow != window->RootWindowForNav || (!g.NavInitRequest && g.NavInitResultId == 0) || g.NavLayer != window->DC.NavLayerCurrent)
+        return;
+
+    g.NavInitRequest = false;
+    g.NavInitResultId = g.LastItemData.ID;
+    g.NavInitResultRectRel = WindowRectAbsToRel(window, g.LastItemData.Rect);
+    NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+
+    // Scroll could be done in NavInitRequestApplyResult() via an opt-in flag (we however don't want regular init requests to scroll)
+    if (!window->ClipRect.Contains(g.LastItemData.Rect))
+        ScrollToRectEx(window, g.LastItemData.Rect, ImGuiScrollFlags_None);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetStateStorage(ImGuiStorage* tree)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    window->DC.StateStorage = tree ? tree : &window->StateStorage;
+}
+
+ImGuiStorage* ImGui::GetStateStorage()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->DC.StateStorage;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushID(const char* str_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id);
+    window->IDStack.push_back(id);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushID(const char* str_id_begin, const char* str_id_end)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id_begin, str_id_end);
+    window->IDStack.push_back(id);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushID(const void* ptr_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(ptr_id);
+    window->IDStack.push_back(id);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushID(int int_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(int_id);
+    window->IDStack.push_back(id);
+}
+
+// Push a given id value ignoring the ID stack as a seed.
+void ImGui::PushOverrideID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (g.DebugHookIdInfo == id)
+        DebugHookIdInfo(id, ImGuiDataType_ID, NULL, NULL);
+    window->IDStack.push_back(id);
+}
+
+// Helper to avoid a common series of PushOverrideID -> GetID() -> PopID() call
+// (note that when using this pattern, TestEngine's "Stack Tool" will tend to not display the intermediate stack level.
+//  for that to work we would need to do PushOverrideID() -> ItemAdd() -> PopID() which would alter widget code a little more)
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetIDWithSeed(const char* str, const char* str_end, ImGuiID seed)
+{
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashStr(str, str_end ? (str_end - str) : 0, seed);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.DebugHookIdInfo == id)
+        DebugHookIdInfo(id, ImGuiDataType_String, str, str_end);
+    return id;
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetIDWithSeed(int n, ImGuiID seed)
+{
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashData(&n, sizeof(n), seed);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.DebugHookIdInfo == id)
+        DebugHookIdInfo(id, ImGuiDataType_S32, (void*)(intptr_t)n, NULL);
+    return id;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopID()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(window->IDStack.Size > 1); // Too many PopID(), or could be popping in a wrong/different window?
+    window->IDStack.pop_back();
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetID(const char* str_id)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->GetID(str_id);
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetID(const char* str_id_begin, const char* str_id_end)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->GetID(str_id_begin, str_id_end);
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetID(const void* ptr_id)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->GetID(ptr_id);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsRectVisible(const ImVec2& size)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->ClipRect.Overlaps(ImRect(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size));
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsRectVisible(const ImVec2& rect_min, const ImVec2& rect_max)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->ClipRect.Overlaps(ImRect(rect_min, rect_max));
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] INPUTS
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - GetKeyData() [Internal]
+// - GetKeyIndex() [Internal]
+// - GetKeyName()
+// - GetKeyChordName() [Internal]
+// - CalcTypematicRepeatAmount() [Internal]
+// - GetTypematicRepeatRate() [Internal]
+// - GetKeyPressedAmount() [Internal]
+// - GetKeyMagnitude2d() [Internal]
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - UpdateKeyRoutingTable() [Internal]
+// - GetRoutingIdFromOwnerId() [Internal]
+// - GetShortcutRoutingData() [Internal]
+// - CalcRoutingScore() [Internal]
+// - SetShortcutRouting() [Internal]
+// - TestShortcutRouting() [Internal]
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - IsKeyDown()
+// - IsKeyPressed()
+// - IsKeyReleased()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - IsMouseDown()
+// - IsMouseClicked()
+// - IsMouseReleased()
+// - IsMouseDoubleClicked()
+// - GetMouseClickedCount()
+// - IsMouseHoveringRect() [Internal]
+// - IsMouseDragPastThreshold() [Internal]
+// - IsMouseDragging()
+// - GetMousePos()
+// - GetMousePosOnOpeningCurrentPopup()
+// - IsMousePosValid()
+// - IsAnyMouseDown()
+// - GetMouseDragDelta()
+// - ResetMouseDragDelta()
+// - GetMouseCursor()
+// - SetMouseCursor()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - UpdateAliasKey()
+// - GetMergedModsFromKeys()
+// - UpdateKeyboardInputs()
+// - UpdateMouseInputs()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - LockWheelingWindow [Internal]
+// - FindBestWheelingWindow [Internal]
+// - UpdateMouseWheel() [Internal]
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - SetNextFrameWantCaptureKeyboard()
+// - SetNextFrameWantCaptureMouse()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - GetInputSourceName() [Internal]
+// - DebugPrintInputEvent() [Internal]
+// - UpdateInputEvents() [Internal]
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - GetKeyOwner() [Internal]
+// - TestKeyOwner() [Internal]
+// - SetKeyOwner() [Internal]
+// - SetItemKeyOwner() [Internal]
+// - Shortcut() [Internal]
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImGuiKeyData* ImGui::GetKeyData(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiKey key)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+
+    // Special storage location for mods
+    if (key & ImGuiMod_Mask_)
+        key = ConvertSingleModFlagToKey(ctx, key);
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    IM_ASSERT(key >= ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END);
+    if (IsLegacyKey(key) && g.IO.KeyMap[key] != -1)
+        key = (ImGuiKey)g.IO.KeyMap[key];  // Remap native->imgui or imgui->native
+#else
+    IM_ASSERT(IsNamedKey(key) && "Support for user key indices was dropped in favor of ImGuiKey. Please update backend & user code.");
+#endif
+    return &g.IO.KeysData[key - ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET];
+}
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+ImGuiKey ImGui::GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey key)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(IsNamedKey(key));
+    const ImGuiKeyData* key_data = GetKeyData(key);
+    return (ImGuiKey)(key_data - g.IO.KeysData);
+}
+#endif
+
+// Those names a provided for debugging purpose and are not meant to be saved persistently not compared.
+static const char* const GKeyNames[] =
+{
+    "Tab", "LeftArrow", "RightArrow", "UpArrow", "DownArrow", "PageUp", "PageDown",
+    "Home", "End", "Insert", "Delete", "Backspace", "Space", "Enter", "Escape",
+    "LeftCtrl", "LeftShift", "LeftAlt", "LeftSuper", "RightCtrl", "RightShift", "RightAlt", "RightSuper", "Menu",
+    "0", "1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6", "7", "8", "9", "A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H",
+    "I", "J", "K", "L", "M", "N", "O", "P", "Q", "R", "S", "T", "U", "V", "W", "X", "Y", "Z",
+    "F1", "F2", "F3", "F4", "F5", "F6", "F7", "F8", "F9", "F10", "F11", "F12",
+    "Apostrophe", "Comma", "Minus", "Period", "Slash", "Semicolon", "Equal", "LeftBracket",
+    "Backslash", "RightBracket", "GraveAccent", "CapsLock", "ScrollLock", "NumLock", "PrintScreen",
+    "Pause", "Keypad0", "Keypad1", "Keypad2", "Keypad3", "Keypad4", "Keypad5", "Keypad6",
+    "Keypad7", "Keypad8", "Keypad9", "KeypadDecimal", "KeypadDivide", "KeypadMultiply",
+    "KeypadSubtract", "KeypadAdd", "KeypadEnter", "KeypadEqual",
+    "GamepadStart", "GamepadBack",
+    "GamepadFaceLeft", "GamepadFaceRight", "GamepadFaceUp", "GamepadFaceDown",
+    "GamepadDpadLeft", "GamepadDpadRight", "GamepadDpadUp", "GamepadDpadDown",
+    "GamepadL1", "GamepadR1", "GamepadL2", "GamepadR2", "GamepadL3", "GamepadR3",
+    "GamepadLStickLeft", "GamepadLStickRight", "GamepadLStickUp", "GamepadLStickDown",
+    "GamepadRStickLeft", "GamepadRStickRight", "GamepadRStickUp", "GamepadRStickDown",
+    "MouseLeft", "MouseRight", "MouseMiddle", "MouseX1", "MouseX2", "MouseWheelX", "MouseWheelY",
+    "ModCtrl", "ModShift", "ModAlt", "ModSuper", // ReservedForModXXX are showing the ModXXX names.
+};
+IM_STATIC_ASSERT(ImGuiKey_NamedKey_COUNT == IM_ARRAYSIZE(GKeyNames));
+
+const char* ImGui::GetKeyName(ImGuiKey key)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    IM_ASSERT((IsNamedKey(key) || key == ImGuiKey_None) && "Support for user key indices was dropped in favor of ImGuiKey. Please update backend and user code.");
+#else
+    if (IsLegacyKey(key))
+    {
+        if (g.IO.KeyMap[key] == -1)
+            return "N/A";
+        IM_ASSERT(IsNamedKey((ImGuiKey)g.IO.KeyMap[key]));
+        key = (ImGuiKey)g.IO.KeyMap[key];
+    }
+#endif
+    if (key == ImGuiKey_None)
+        return "None";
+    if (key & ImGuiMod_Mask_)
+        key = ConvertSingleModFlagToKey(&g, key);
+    if (!IsNamedKey(key))
+        return "Unknown";
+
+    return GKeyNames[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN];
+}
+
+// ImGuiMod_Shortcut is translated to either Ctrl or Super.
+void ImGui::GetKeyChordName(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, char* out_buf, int out_buf_size)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Shortcut)
+        key_chord = ConvertShortcutMod(key_chord);
+    ImFormatString(out_buf, (size_t)out_buf_size, "%s%s%s%s%s",
+        (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Ctrl) ? "Ctrl+" : "",
+        (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Shift) ? "Shift+" : "",
+        (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Alt) ? "Alt+" : "",
+        (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Super) ? (g.IO.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors ? "Cmd+" : "Super+") : "",
+        GetKeyName((ImGuiKey)(key_chord & ~ImGuiMod_Mask_)));
+}
+
+// t0 = previous time (e.g.: g.Time - g.IO.DeltaTime)
+// t1 = current time (e.g.: g.Time)
+// An event is triggered at:
+//  t = 0.0f     t = repeat_delay,    t = repeat_delay + repeat_rate*N
+int ImGui::CalcTypematicRepeatAmount(float t0, float t1, float repeat_delay, float repeat_rate)
+{
+    if (t1 == 0.0f)
+        return 1;
+    if (t0 >= t1)
+        return 0;
+    if (repeat_rate <= 0.0f)
+        return (t0 < repeat_delay) && (t1 >= repeat_delay);
+    const int count_t0 = (t0 < repeat_delay) ? -1 : (int)((t0 - repeat_delay) / repeat_rate);
+    const int count_t1 = (t1 < repeat_delay) ? -1 : (int)((t1 - repeat_delay) / repeat_rate);
+    const int count = count_t1 - count_t0;
+    return count;
+}
+
+void ImGui::GetTypematicRepeatRate(ImGuiInputFlags flags, float* repeat_delay, float* repeat_rate)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    switch (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateMask_)
+    {
+    case ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavMove:             *repeat_delay = g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay * 0.72f; *repeat_rate = g.IO.KeyRepeatRate * 0.80f; return;
+    case ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavTweak:            *repeat_delay = g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay * 0.72f; *repeat_rate = g.IO.KeyRepeatRate * 0.30f; return;
+    case ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateDefault: default:    *repeat_delay = g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay * 1.00f; *repeat_rate = g.IO.KeyRepeatRate * 1.00f; return;
+    }
+}
+
+// Return value representing the number of presses in the last time period, for the given repeat rate
+// (most often returns 0 or 1. The result is generally only >1 when RepeatRate is smaller than DeltaTime, aka large DeltaTime or fast RepeatRate)
+int ImGui::GetKeyPressedAmount(ImGuiKey key, float repeat_delay, float repeat_rate)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiKeyData* key_data = GetKeyData(key);
+    if (!key_data->Down) // In theory this should already be encoded as (DownDuration < 0.0f), but testing this facilitates eating mechanism (until we finish work on key ownership)
+        return 0;
+    const float t = key_data->DownDuration;
+    return CalcTypematicRepeatAmount(t - g.IO.DeltaTime, t, repeat_delay, repeat_rate);
+}
+
+// Return 2D vector representing the combination of four cardinal direction, with analog value support (for e.g. ImGuiKey_GamepadLStick* values).
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetKeyMagnitude2d(ImGuiKey key_left, ImGuiKey key_right, ImGuiKey key_up, ImGuiKey key_down)
+{
+    return ImVec2(
+        GetKeyData(key_right)->AnalogValue - GetKeyData(key_left)->AnalogValue,
+        GetKeyData(key_down)->AnalogValue - GetKeyData(key_up)->AnalogValue);
+}
+
+// Rewrite routing data buffers to strip old entries + sort by key to make queries not touch scattered data.
+//   Entries   D,A,B,B,A,C,B     --> A,A,B,B,B,C,D
+//   Index     A:1 B:2 C:5 D:0   --> A:0 B:2 C:5 D:6
+// See 'Metrics->Key Owners & Shortcut Routing' to visualize the result of that operation.
+static void ImGui::UpdateKeyRoutingTable(ImGuiKeyRoutingTable* rt)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    rt->EntriesNext.resize(0);
+    for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN; key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1))
+    {
+        const int new_routing_start_idx = rt->EntriesNext.Size;
+        ImGuiKeyRoutingData* routing_entry;
+        for (int old_routing_idx = rt->Index[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN]; old_routing_idx != -1; old_routing_idx = routing_entry->NextEntryIndex)
+        {
+            routing_entry = &rt->Entries[old_routing_idx];
+            routing_entry->RoutingCurr = routing_entry->RoutingNext; // Update entry
+            routing_entry->RoutingNext = ImGuiKeyOwner_None;
+            routing_entry->RoutingNextScore = 255;
+            if (routing_entry->RoutingCurr == ImGuiKeyOwner_None)
+                continue;
+            rt->EntriesNext.push_back(*routing_entry); // Write alive ones into new buffer
+
+            // Apply routing to owner if there's no owner already (RoutingCurr == None at this point)
+            if (routing_entry->Mods == g.IO.KeyMods)
+            {
+                ImGuiKeyOwnerData* owner_data = GetKeyOwnerData(&g, key);
+                if (owner_data->OwnerCurr == ImGuiKeyOwner_None)
+                    owner_data->OwnerCurr = routing_entry->RoutingCurr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Rewrite linked-list
+        rt->Index[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN] = (ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex)(new_routing_start_idx < rt->EntriesNext.Size ? new_routing_start_idx : -1);
+        for (int n = new_routing_start_idx; n < rt->EntriesNext.Size; n++)
+            rt->EntriesNext[n].NextEntryIndex = (ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex)((n + 1 < rt->EntriesNext.Size) ? n + 1 : -1);
+    }
+    rt->Entries.swap(rt->EntriesNext); // Swap new and old indexes
+}
+
+// owner_id may be None/Any, but routing_id needs to be always be set, so we default to GetCurrentFocusScope().
+static inline ImGuiID GetRoutingIdFromOwnerId(ImGuiID owner_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (owner_id != ImGuiKeyOwner_None && owner_id != ImGuiKeyOwner_Any) ? owner_id : g.CurrentFocusScopeId;
+}
+
+ImGuiKeyRoutingData* ImGui::GetShortcutRoutingData(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord)
+{
+    // Majority of shortcuts will be Key + any number of Mods
+    // We accept _Single_ mod with ImGuiKey_None.
+    //  - Shortcut(ImGuiKey_S | ImGuiMod_Ctrl);                    // Legal
+    //  - Shortcut(ImGuiKey_S | ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiMod_Shift);   // Legal
+    //  - Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Ctrl);                                 // Legal
+    //  - Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiMod_Shift);                // Not legal
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingTable* rt = &g.KeysRoutingTable;
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingData* routing_data;
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Shortcut)
+        key_chord = ConvertShortcutMod(key_chord);
+    ImGuiKey key = (ImGuiKey)(key_chord & ~ImGuiMod_Mask_);
+    ImGuiKey mods = (ImGuiKey)(key_chord & ImGuiMod_Mask_);
+    if (key == ImGuiKey_None)
+        key = ConvertSingleModFlagToKey(&g, mods);
+    IM_ASSERT(IsNamedKey(key));
+
+    // Get (in the majority of case, the linked list will have one element so this should be 2 reads.
+    // Subsequent elements will be contiguous in memory as list is sorted/rebuilt in NewFrame).
+    for (ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex idx = rt->Index[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN]; idx != -1; idx = routing_data->NextEntryIndex)
+    {
+        routing_data = &rt->Entries[idx];
+        if (routing_data->Mods == mods)
+            return routing_data;
+    }
+
+    // Add to linked-list
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex routing_data_idx = (ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex)rt->Entries.Size;
+    rt->Entries.push_back(ImGuiKeyRoutingData());
+    routing_data = &rt->Entries[routing_data_idx];
+    routing_data->Mods = (ImU16)mods;
+    routing_data->NextEntryIndex = rt->Index[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN]; // Setup linked list
+    rt->Index[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN] = routing_data_idx;
+    return routing_data;
+}
+
+// Current score encoding (lower is highest priority):
+//  -   0: ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalHigh
+//  -   1: ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused (if item active)
+//  -   2: ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobal
+//  -  3+: ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused (if window in focus-stack)
+//  - 254: ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalLow
+//  - 255: never route
+// 'flags' should include an explicit routing policy
+static int CalcRoutingScore(ImGuiWindow* location, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    if (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused)
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        ImGuiWindow* focused = g.NavWindow;
+
+        // ActiveID gets top priority
+        // (we don't check g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeys here. Routing is applied but if input ownership is tested later it may discard it)
+        if (owner_id != 0 && g.ActiveId == owner_id)
+            return 1;
+
+        // Score based on distance to focused window (lower is better)
+        // Assuming both windows are submitting a routing request,
+        // - When Window....... is focused -> Window scores 3 (best), Window/ChildB scores 255 (no match)
+        // - When Window/ChildB is focused -> Window scores 4,        Window/ChildB scores 3 (best)
+        // Assuming only WindowA is submitting a routing request,
+        // - When Window/ChildB is focused -> Window scores 4 (best), Window/ChildB doesn't have a score.
+        if (focused != NULL && focused->RootWindow == location->RootWindow)
+            for (int next_score = 3; focused != NULL; next_score++)
+            {
+                if (focused == location)
+                {
+                    IM_ASSERT(next_score < 255);
+                    return next_score;
+                }
+                focused = (focused->RootWindow != focused) ? focused->ParentWindow : NULL; // FIXME: This could be later abstracted as a focus path
+            }
+        return 255;
+    }
+
+    // ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalHigh is default, so calls without flags are not conditional
+    if (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobal)
+        return 2;
+    if (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalLow)
+        return 254;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// Request a desired route for an input chord (key + mods).
+// Return true if the route is available this frame.
+// - Routes and key ownership are attributed at the beginning of next frame based on best score and mod state.
+//   (Conceptually this does a "Submit for next frame" + "Test for current frame".
+//   As such, it could be called TrySetXXX or SubmitXXX, or the Submit and Test operations should be separate.)
+// - Using 'owner_id == ImGuiKeyOwner_Any/0': auto-assign an owner based on current focus scope (each window has its focus scope by default)
+// - Using 'owner_id == ImGuiKeyOwner_None': allows disabling/locking a shortcut.
+bool ImGui::SetShortcutRouting(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalHigh; // IMPORTANT: This is the default for SetShortcutRouting() but NOT Shortcut()
+    else
+        IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteMask_)); // Check that only 1 routing flag is used
+
+    if (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteUnlessBgFocused)
+        if (g.NavWindow == NULL)
+            return false;
+    if (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteAlways)
+        return true;
+
+    const int score = CalcRoutingScore(g.CurrentWindow, owner_id, flags);
+    if (score == 255)
+        return false;
+
+    // Submit routing for NEXT frame (assuming score is sufficient)
+    // FIXME: Could expose a way to use a "serve last" policy for same score resolution (using <= instead of <).
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingData* routing_data = GetShortcutRoutingData(key_chord);
+    const ImGuiID routing_id = GetRoutingIdFromOwnerId(owner_id);
+    //const bool set_route = (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_ServeLast) ? (score <= routing_data->RoutingNextScore) : (score < routing_data->RoutingNextScore);
+    if (score < routing_data->RoutingNextScore)
+    {
+        routing_data->RoutingNext = routing_id;
+        routing_data->RoutingNextScore = (ImU8)score;
+    }
+
+    // Return routing state for CURRENT frame
+    return routing_data->RoutingCurr == routing_id;
+}
+
+// Currently unused by core (but used by tests)
+// Note: this cannot be turned into GetShortcutRouting() because we do the owner_id->routing_id translation, name would be more misleading.
+bool ImGui::TestShortcutRouting(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, ImGuiID owner_id)
+{
+    const ImGuiID routing_id = GetRoutingIdFromOwnerId(owner_id);
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingData* routing_data = GetShortcutRoutingData(key_chord); // FIXME: Could avoid creating entry.
+    return routing_data->RoutingCurr == routing_id;
+}
+
+// Note that Dear ImGui doesn't know the meaning/semantic of ImGuiKey from 0..511: they are legacy native keycodes.
+// Consider transitioning from 'IsKeyDown(MY_ENGINE_KEY_A)' (<1.87) to IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_A) (>= 1.87)
+bool ImGui::IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey key)
+{
+    return IsKeyDown(key, ImGuiKeyOwner_Any);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id)
+{
+    const ImGuiKeyData* key_data = GetKeyData(key);
+    if (!key_data->Down)
+        return false;
+    if (!TestKeyOwner(key, owner_id))
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey key, bool repeat)
+{
+    return IsKeyPressed(key, ImGuiKeyOwner_Any, repeat ? ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat : ImGuiInputFlags_None);
+}
+
+// Important: unless legacy IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey, bool repeat=true) which DEFAULT to repeat, this requires EXPLICIT repeat.
+bool ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    const ImGuiKeyData* key_data = GetKeyData(key);
+    if (!key_data->Down) // In theory this should already be encoded as (DownDuration < 0.0f), but testing this facilitates eating mechanism (until we finish work on key ownership)
+        return false;
+    const float t = key_data->DownDuration;
+    if (t < 0.0f)
+        return false;
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ~ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedByIsKeyPressed) == 0); // Passing flags not supported by this function!
+
+    bool pressed = (t == 0.0f);
+    if (!pressed && ((flags & ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat) != 0))
+    {
+        float repeat_delay, repeat_rate;
+        GetTypematicRepeatRate(flags, &repeat_delay, &repeat_rate);
+        pressed = (t > repeat_delay) && GetKeyPressedAmount(key, repeat_delay, repeat_rate) > 0;
+    }
+    if (!pressed)
+        return false;
+    if (!TestKeyOwner(key, owner_id))
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsKeyReleased(ImGuiKey key)
+{
+    return IsKeyReleased(key, ImGuiKeyOwner_Any);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsKeyReleased(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id)
+{
+    const ImGuiKeyData* key_data = GetKeyData(key);
+    if (key_data->DownDurationPrev < 0.0f || key_data->Down)
+        return false;
+    if (!TestKeyOwner(key, owner_id))
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseDown(ImGuiMouseButton button)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    return g.IO.MouseDown[button] && TestKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(button), ImGuiKeyOwner_Any); // should be same as IsKeyDown(MouseButtonToKey(button), ImGuiKeyOwner_Any), but this allows legacy code hijacking the io.Mousedown[] array.
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseDown(ImGuiMouseButton button, ImGuiID owner_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    return g.IO.MouseDown[button] && TestKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(button), owner_id); // Should be same as IsKeyDown(MouseButtonToKey(button), owner_id), but this allows legacy code hijacking the io.Mousedown[] array.
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseClicked(ImGuiMouseButton button, bool repeat)
+{
+    return IsMouseClicked(button, ImGuiKeyOwner_Any, repeat ? ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat : ImGuiInputFlags_None);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseClicked(ImGuiMouseButton button, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    if (!g.IO.MouseDown[button]) // In theory this should already be encoded as (DownDuration < 0.0f), but testing this facilitates eating mechanism (until we finish work on key ownership)
+        return false;
+    const float t = g.IO.MouseDownDuration[button];
+    if (t < 0.0f)
+        return false;
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ~ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedByIsKeyPressed) == 0); // Passing flags not supported by this function!
+
+    const bool repeat = (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat) != 0;
+    const bool pressed = (t == 0.0f) || (repeat && t > g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay && CalcTypematicRepeatAmount(t - g.IO.DeltaTime, t, g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay, g.IO.KeyRepeatRate) > 0);
+    if (!pressed)
+        return false;
+
+    if (!TestKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(button), owner_id))
+        return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton button)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    return g.IO.MouseReleased[button] && TestKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(button), ImGuiKeyOwner_Any); // Should be same as IsKeyReleased(MouseButtonToKey(button), ImGuiKeyOwner_Any)
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton button, ImGuiID owner_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    return g.IO.MouseReleased[button] && TestKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(button), owner_id); // Should be same as IsKeyReleased(MouseButtonToKey(button), owner_id)
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseDoubleClicked(ImGuiMouseButton button)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    return g.IO.MouseClickedCount[button] == 2 && TestKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(button), ImGuiKeyOwner_Any);
+}
+
+int ImGui::GetMouseClickedCount(ImGuiMouseButton button)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    return g.IO.MouseClickedCount[button];
+}
+
+// Test if mouse cursor is hovering given rectangle
+// NB- Rectangle is clipped by our current clip setting
+// NB- Expand the rectangle to be generous on imprecise inputs systems (g.Style.TouchExtraPadding)
+bool ImGui::IsMouseHoveringRect(const ImVec2& r_min, const ImVec2& r_max, bool clip)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Clip
+    ImRect rect_clipped(r_min, r_max);
+    if (clip)
+        rect_clipped.ClipWith(g.CurrentWindow->ClipRect);
+
+    // Expand for touch input
+    const ImRect rect_for_touch(rect_clipped.Min - g.Style.TouchExtraPadding, rect_clipped.Max + g.Style.TouchExtraPadding);
+    if (!rect_for_touch.Contains(g.IO.MousePos))
+        return false;
+    if (!g.MouseViewport->GetMainRect().Overlaps(rect_clipped))
+        return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Return if a mouse click/drag went past the given threshold. Valid to call during the MouseReleased frame.
+// [Internal] This doesn't test if the button is pressed
+bool ImGui::IsMouseDragPastThreshold(ImGuiMouseButton button, float lock_threshold)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    if (lock_threshold < 0.0f)
+        lock_threshold = g.IO.MouseDragThreshold;
+    return g.IO.MouseDragMaxDistanceSqr[button] >= lock_threshold * lock_threshold;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsMouseDragging(ImGuiMouseButton button, float lock_threshold)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    if (!g.IO.MouseDown[button])
+        return false;
+    return IsMouseDragPastThreshold(button, lock_threshold);
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetMousePos()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.IO.MousePos;
+}
+
+// NB: prefer to call right after BeginPopup(). At the time Selectable/MenuItem is activated, the popup is already closed!
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetMousePosOnOpeningCurrentPopup()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.BeginPopupStack.Size > 0)
+        return g.OpenPopupStack[g.BeginPopupStack.Size - 1].OpenMousePos;
+    return g.IO.MousePos;
+}
+
+// We typically use ImVec2(-FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX) to denote an invalid mouse position.
+bool ImGui::IsMousePosValid(const ImVec2* mouse_pos)
+{
+    // The assert is only to silence a false-positive in XCode Static Analysis.
+    // Because GImGui is not dereferenced in every code path, the static analyzer assume that it may be NULL (which it doesn't for other functions).
+    IM_ASSERT(GImGui != NULL);
+    const float MOUSE_INVALID = -256000.0f;
+    ImVec2 p = mouse_pos ? *mouse_pos : GImGui->IO.MousePos;
+    return p.x >= MOUSE_INVALID && p.y >= MOUSE_INVALID;
+}
+
+// [WILL OBSOLETE] This was designed for backends, but prefer having backend maintain a mask of held mouse buttons, because upcoming input queue system will make this invalid.
+bool ImGui::IsAnyMouseDown()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown); n++)
+        if (g.IO.MouseDown[n])
+            return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Return the delta from the initial clicking position while the mouse button is clicked or was just released.
+// This is locked and return 0.0f until the mouse moves past a distance threshold at least once.
+// NB: This is only valid if IsMousePosValid(). backends in theory should always keep mouse position valid when dragging even outside the client window.
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetMouseDragDelta(ImGuiMouseButton button, float lock_threshold)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    if (lock_threshold < 0.0f)
+        lock_threshold = g.IO.MouseDragThreshold;
+    if (g.IO.MouseDown[button] || g.IO.MouseReleased[button])
+        if (g.IO.MouseDragMaxDistanceSqr[button] >= lock_threshold * lock_threshold)
+            if (IsMousePosValid(&g.IO.MousePos) && IsMousePosValid(&g.IO.MouseClickedPos[button]))
+                return g.IO.MousePos - g.IO.MouseClickedPos[button];
+    return ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+}
+
+void ImGui::ResetMouseDragDelta(ImGuiMouseButton button)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < IM_ARRAYSIZE(g.IO.MouseDown));
+    // NB: We don't need to reset g.IO.MouseDragMaxDistanceSqr
+    g.IO.MouseClickedPos[button] = g.IO.MousePos;
+}
+
+// Get desired mouse cursor shape.
+// Important: this is meant to be used by a platform backend, it is reset in ImGui::NewFrame(),
+// updated during the frame, and locked in EndFrame()/Render().
+// If you use software rendering by setting io.MouseDrawCursor then Dear ImGui will render those for you
+ImGuiMouseCursor ImGui::GetMouseCursor()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.MouseCursor;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetMouseCursor(ImGuiMouseCursor cursor_type)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.MouseCursor = cursor_type;
+}
+
+static void UpdateAliasKey(ImGuiKey key, bool v, float analog_value)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(ImGui::IsAliasKey(key));
+    ImGuiKeyData* key_data = ImGui::GetKeyData(key);
+    key_data->Down = v;
+    key_data->AnalogValue = analog_value;
+}
+
+// [Internal] Do not use directly
+static ImGuiKeyChord GetMergedModsFromKeys()
+{
+    ImGuiKeyChord mods = 0;
+    if (ImGui::IsKeyDown(ImGuiMod_Ctrl))     { mods |= ImGuiMod_Ctrl; }
+    if (ImGui::IsKeyDown(ImGuiMod_Shift))    { mods |= ImGuiMod_Shift; }
+    if (ImGui::IsKeyDown(ImGuiMod_Alt))      { mods |= ImGuiMod_Alt; }
+    if (ImGui::IsKeyDown(ImGuiMod_Super))    { mods |= ImGuiMod_Super; }
+    return mods;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::UpdateKeyboardInputs()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+
+    // Import legacy keys or verify they are not used
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    if (io.BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays == 0)
+    {
+        // Backend used new io.AddKeyEvent() API: Good! Verify that old arrays are never written to externally.
+        for (int n = 0; n < ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_END; n++)
+            IM_ASSERT((io.KeysDown[n] == false || IsKeyDown((ImGuiKey)n)) && "Backend needs to either only use io.AddKeyEvent(), either only fill legacy io.KeysDown[] + io.KeyMap[]. Not both!");
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (g.FrameCount == 0)
+            for (int n = ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_BEGIN; n < ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_END; n++)
+                IM_ASSERT(g.IO.KeyMap[n] == -1 && "Backend is not allowed to write to io.KeyMap[0..511]!");
+
+        // Build reverse KeyMap (Named -> Legacy)
+        for (int n = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN; n < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; n++)
+            if (io.KeyMap[n] != -1)
+            {
+                IM_ASSERT(IsLegacyKey((ImGuiKey)io.KeyMap[n]));
+                io.KeyMap[io.KeyMap[n]] = n;
+            }
+
+        // Import legacy keys into new ones
+        for (int n = ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_BEGIN; n < ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_END; n++)
+            if (io.KeysDown[n] || io.BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays == 1)
+            {
+                const ImGuiKey key = (ImGuiKey)(io.KeyMap[n] != -1 ? io.KeyMap[n] : n);
+                IM_ASSERT(io.KeyMap[n] == -1 || IsNamedKey(key));
+                io.KeysData[key].Down = io.KeysDown[n];
+                if (key != n)
+                    io.KeysDown[key] = io.KeysDown[n]; // Allow legacy code using io.KeysDown[GetKeyIndex()] with old backends
+                io.BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays = 1;
+            }
+        if (io.BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays == 1)
+        {
+            GetKeyData(ImGuiMod_Ctrl)->Down = io.KeyCtrl;
+            GetKeyData(ImGuiMod_Shift)->Down = io.KeyShift;
+            GetKeyData(ImGuiMod_Alt)->Down = io.KeyAlt;
+            GetKeyData(ImGuiMod_Super)->Down = io.KeySuper;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    const bool nav_gamepad_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad) != 0 && (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad) != 0;
+    if (io.BackendUsingLegacyNavInputArray && nav_gamepad_active)
+    {
+        #define MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(_KEY, _NAV1)           do { io.KeysData[_KEY].Down = (io.NavInputs[_NAV1] > 0.0f); io.KeysData[_KEY].AnalogValue = io.NavInputs[_NAV1]; } while (0)
+        #define MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY2(_KEY, _NAV1, _NAV2)    do { io.KeysData[_KEY].Down = (io.NavInputs[_NAV1] > 0.0f) || (io.NavInputs[_NAV2] > 0.0f); io.KeysData[_KEY].AnalogValue = ImMax(io.NavInputs[_NAV1], io.NavInputs[_NAV2]); } while (0)
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceDown, ImGuiNavInput_Activate);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceRight, ImGuiNavInput_Cancel);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceLeft, ImGuiNavInput_Menu);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceUp, ImGuiNavInput_Input);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadLeft, ImGuiNavInput_DpadLeft);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadRight, ImGuiNavInput_DpadRight);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadUp, ImGuiNavInput_DpadUp);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadDown, ImGuiNavInput_DpadDown);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY2(ImGuiKey_GamepadL1, ImGuiNavInput_FocusPrev, ImGuiNavInput_TweakSlow);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY2(ImGuiKey_GamepadR1, ImGuiNavInput_FocusNext, ImGuiNavInput_TweakFast);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickLeft, ImGuiNavInput_LStickLeft);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickRight, ImGuiNavInput_LStickRight);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickUp, ImGuiNavInput_LStickUp);
+        MAP_LEGACY_NAV_INPUT_TO_KEY1(ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickDown, ImGuiNavInput_LStickDown);
+        #undef NAV_MAP_KEY
+    }
+#endif
+#endif
+
+    // Update aliases
+    for (int n = 0; n < ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT; n++)
+        UpdateAliasKey(MouseButtonToKey(n), io.MouseDown[n], io.MouseDown[n] ? 1.0f : 0.0f);
+    UpdateAliasKey(ImGuiKey_MouseWheelX, io.MouseWheelH != 0.0f, io.MouseWheelH);
+    UpdateAliasKey(ImGuiKey_MouseWheelY, io.MouseWheel != 0.0f, io.MouseWheel);
+
+    // Synchronize io.KeyMods and io.KeyXXX values.
+    // - New backends (1.87+): send io.AddKeyEvent(ImGuiMod_XXX) ->                                      -> (here) deriving io.KeyMods + io.KeyXXX from key array.
+    // - Legacy backends:      set io.KeyXXX bools               -> (above) set key array from io.KeyXXX -> (here) deriving io.KeyMods + io.KeyXXX from key array.
+    // So with legacy backends the 4 values will do a unnecessary back-and-forth but it makes the code simpler and future facing.
+    io.KeyMods = GetMergedModsFromKeys();
+    io.KeyCtrl = (io.KeyMods & ImGuiMod_Ctrl) != 0;
+    io.KeyShift = (io.KeyMods & ImGuiMod_Shift) != 0;
+    io.KeyAlt = (io.KeyMods & ImGuiMod_Alt) != 0;
+    io.KeySuper = (io.KeyMods & ImGuiMod_Super) != 0;
+
+    // Clear gamepad data if disabled
+    if ((io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad) == 0)
+        for (int i = ImGuiKey_Gamepad_BEGIN; i < ImGuiKey_Gamepad_END; i++)
+        {
+            io.KeysData[i - ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET].Down = false;
+            io.KeysData[i - ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET].AnalogValue = 0.0f;
+        }
+
+    // Update keys
+    for (int i = 0; i < ImGuiKey_KeysData_SIZE; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiKeyData* key_data = &io.KeysData[i];
+        key_data->DownDurationPrev = key_data->DownDuration;
+        key_data->DownDuration = key_data->Down ? (key_data->DownDuration < 0.0f ? 0.0f : key_data->DownDuration + io.DeltaTime) : -1.0f;
+    }
+
+    // Update keys/input owner (named keys only): one entry per key
+    for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN; key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1))
+    {
+        ImGuiKeyData* key_data = &io.KeysData[key - ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET];
+        ImGuiKeyOwnerData* owner_data = &g.KeysOwnerData[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN];
+        owner_data->OwnerCurr = owner_data->OwnerNext;
+        if (!key_data->Down) // Important: ownership is released on the frame after a release. Ensure a 'MouseDown -> CloseWindow -> MouseUp' chain doesn't lead to someone else seeing the MouseUp.
+            owner_data->OwnerNext = ImGuiKeyOwner_None;
+        owner_data->LockThisFrame = owner_data->LockUntilRelease = owner_data->LockUntilRelease && key_data->Down;  // Clear LockUntilRelease when key is not Down anymore
+    }
+
+    UpdateKeyRoutingTable(&g.KeysRoutingTable);
+}
+
+static void ImGui::UpdateMouseInputs()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+
+    // Mouse Wheel swapping flag
+    // As a standard behavior holding SHIFT while using Vertical Mouse Wheel triggers Horizontal scroll instead
+    // - We avoid doing it on OSX as it the OS input layer handles this already.
+    // - FIXME: However this means when running on OSX over Emscripten, Shift+WheelY will incur two swapping (1 in OS, 1 here), canceling the feature.
+    // - FIXME: When we can distinguish e.g. touchpad scroll events from mouse ones, we'll set this accordingly based on input source.
+    io.MouseWheelRequestAxisSwap = io.KeyShift && !io.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors;
+
+    // Round mouse position to avoid spreading non-rounded position (e.g. UpdateManualResize doesn't support them well)
+    if (IsMousePosValid(&io.MousePos))
+        io.MousePos = g.MouseLastValidPos = ImFloorSigned(io.MousePos);
+
+    // If mouse just appeared or disappeared (usually denoted by -FLT_MAX components) we cancel out movement in MouseDelta
+    if (IsMousePosValid(&io.MousePos) && IsMousePosValid(&io.MousePosPrev))
+        io.MouseDelta = io.MousePos - io.MousePosPrev;
+    else
+        io.MouseDelta = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    // If mouse moved we re-enable mouse hovering in case it was disabled by gamepad/keyboard. In theory should use a >0.0f threshold but would need to reset in everywhere we set this to true.
+    if (io.MouseDelta.x != 0.0f || io.MouseDelta.y != 0.0f)
+        g.NavDisableMouseHover = false;
+
+    io.MousePosPrev = io.MousePos;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(io.MouseDown); i++)
+    {
+        io.MouseClicked[i] = io.MouseDown[i] && io.MouseDownDuration[i] < 0.0f;
+        io.MouseClickedCount[i] = 0; // Will be filled below
+        io.MouseReleased[i] = !io.MouseDown[i] && io.MouseDownDuration[i] >= 0.0f;
+        io.MouseDownDurationPrev[i] = io.MouseDownDuration[i];
+        io.MouseDownDuration[i] = io.MouseDown[i] ? (io.MouseDownDuration[i] < 0.0f ? 0.0f : io.MouseDownDuration[i] + io.DeltaTime) : -1.0f;
+        if (io.MouseClicked[i])
+        {
+            bool is_repeated_click = false;
+            if ((float)(g.Time - io.MouseClickedTime[i]) < io.MouseDoubleClickTime)
+            {
+                ImVec2 delta_from_click_pos = IsMousePosValid(&io.MousePos) ? (io.MousePos - io.MouseClickedPos[i]) : ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+                if (ImLengthSqr(delta_from_click_pos) < io.MouseDoubleClickMaxDist * io.MouseDoubleClickMaxDist)
+                    is_repeated_click = true;
+            }
+            if (is_repeated_click)
+                io.MouseClickedLastCount[i]++;
+            else
+                io.MouseClickedLastCount[i] = 1;
+            io.MouseClickedTime[i] = g.Time;
+            io.MouseClickedPos[i] = io.MousePos;
+            io.MouseClickedCount[i] = io.MouseClickedLastCount[i];
+            io.MouseDragMaxDistanceAbs[i] = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+            io.MouseDragMaxDistanceSqr[i] = 0.0f;
+        }
+        else if (io.MouseDown[i])
+        {
+            // Maintain the maximum distance we reaching from the initial click position, which is used with dragging threshold
+            ImVec2 delta_from_click_pos = IsMousePosValid(&io.MousePos) ? (io.MousePos - io.MouseClickedPos[i]) : ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+            io.MouseDragMaxDistanceSqr[i] = ImMax(io.MouseDragMaxDistanceSqr[i], ImLengthSqr(delta_from_click_pos));
+            io.MouseDragMaxDistanceAbs[i].x = ImMax(io.MouseDragMaxDistanceAbs[i].x, delta_from_click_pos.x < 0.0f ? -delta_from_click_pos.x : delta_from_click_pos.x);
+            io.MouseDragMaxDistanceAbs[i].y = ImMax(io.MouseDragMaxDistanceAbs[i].y, delta_from_click_pos.y < 0.0f ? -delta_from_click_pos.y : delta_from_click_pos.y);
+        }
+
+        // We provide io.MouseDoubleClicked[] as a legacy service
+        io.MouseDoubleClicked[i] = (io.MouseClickedCount[i] == 2);
+
+        // Clicking any mouse button reactivate mouse hovering which may have been deactivated by gamepad/keyboard navigation
+        if (io.MouseClicked[i])
+            g.NavDisableMouseHover = false;
+    }
+}
+
+static void LockWheelingWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, float wheel_amount)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (window)
+        g.WheelingWindowReleaseTimer = ImMin(g.WheelingWindowReleaseTimer + ImAbs(wheel_amount) * WINDOWS_MOUSE_WHEEL_SCROLL_LOCK_TIMER, WINDOWS_MOUSE_WHEEL_SCROLL_LOCK_TIMER);
+    else
+        g.WheelingWindowReleaseTimer = 0.0f;
+    if (g.WheelingWindow == window)
+        return;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("LockWheelingWindow() \"%s\"\n", window ? window->Name : "NULL");
+    g.WheelingWindow = window;
+    g.WheelingWindowRefMousePos = g.IO.MousePos;
+    if (window == NULL)
+    {
+        g.WheelingWindowStartFrame = -1;
+        g.WheelingAxisAvg = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* FindBestWheelingWindow(const ImVec2& wheel)
+{
+    // For each axis, find window in the hierarchy that may want to use scrolling
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* windows[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+    for (int axis = 0; axis < 2; axis++)
+        if (wheel[axis] != 0.0f)
+            for (ImGuiWindow* window = windows[axis] = g.HoveredWindow; window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow; window = windows[axis] = window->ParentWindow)
+            {
+                // Bubble up into parent window if:
+                // - a child window doesn't allow any scrolling.
+                // - a child window has the ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse flag.
+                //// - a child window doesn't need scrolling because it is already at the edge for the direction we are going in (FIXME-WIP)
+                const bool has_scrolling = (window->ScrollMax[axis] != 0.0f);
+                const bool inputs_disabled = (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse) && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs);
+                //const bool scrolling_past_limits = (wheel_v < 0.0f) ? (window->Scroll[axis] <= 0.0f) : (window->Scroll[axis] >= window->ScrollMax[axis]);
+                if (has_scrolling && !inputs_disabled) // && !scrolling_past_limits)
+                    break; // select this window
+            }
+    if (windows[0] == NULL && windows[1] == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    // If there's only one window or only one axis then there's no ambiguity
+    if (windows[0] == windows[1] || windows[0] == NULL || windows[1] == NULL)
+        return windows[1] ? windows[1] : windows[0];
+
+    // If candidate are different windows we need to decide which one to prioritize
+    // - First frame: only find a winner if one axis is zero.
+    // - Subsequent frames: only find a winner when one is more than the other.
+    if (g.WheelingWindowStartFrame == -1)
+        g.WheelingWindowStartFrame = g.FrameCount;
+    if ((g.WheelingWindowStartFrame == g.FrameCount && wheel.x != 0.0f && wheel.y != 0.0f) || (g.WheelingAxisAvg.x == g.WheelingAxisAvg.y))
+    {
+        g.WheelingWindowWheelRemainder = wheel;
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    return (g.WheelingAxisAvg.x > g.WheelingAxisAvg.y) ? windows[0] : windows[1];
+}
+
+// Called by NewFrame()
+void ImGui::UpdateMouseWheel()
+{
+    // Reset the locked window if we move the mouse or after the timer elapses.
+    // FIXME: Ideally we could refactor to have one timer for "changing window w/ same axis" and a shorter timer for "changing window or axis w/ other axis" (#3795)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.WheelingWindow != NULL)
+    {
+        g.WheelingWindowReleaseTimer -= g.IO.DeltaTime;
+        if (IsMousePosValid() && ImLengthSqr(g.IO.MousePos - g.WheelingWindowRefMousePos) > g.IO.MouseDragThreshold * g.IO.MouseDragThreshold)
+            g.WheelingWindowReleaseTimer = 0.0f;
+        if (g.WheelingWindowReleaseTimer <= 0.0f)
+            LockWheelingWindow(NULL, 0.0f);
+    }
+
+    ImVec2 wheel;
+    wheel.x = TestKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseWheelX, ImGuiKeyOwner_None) ? g.IO.MouseWheelH : 0.0f;
+    wheel.y = TestKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseWheelY, ImGuiKeyOwner_None) ? g.IO.MouseWheel : 0.0f;
+
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG("MouseWheel X:%.3f Y:%.3f\n", wheel_x, wheel_y);
+    ImGuiWindow* mouse_window = g.WheelingWindow ? g.WheelingWindow : g.HoveredWindow;
+    if (!mouse_window || mouse_window->Collapsed)
+        return;
+
+    // Zoom / Scale window
+    // FIXME-OBSOLETE: This is an old feature, it still works but pretty much nobody is using it and may be best redesigned.
+    if (wheel.y != 0.0f && g.IO.KeyCtrl && g.IO.FontAllowUserScaling)
+    {
+        LockWheelingWindow(mouse_window, wheel.y);
+        ImGuiWindow* window = mouse_window;
+        const float new_font_scale = ImClamp(window->FontWindowScale + g.IO.MouseWheel * 0.10f, 0.50f, 2.50f);
+        const float scale = new_font_scale / window->FontWindowScale;
+        window->FontWindowScale = new_font_scale;
+        if (window == window->RootWindow)
+        {
+            const ImVec2 offset = window->Size * (1.0f - scale) * (g.IO.MousePos - window->Pos) / window->Size;
+            SetWindowPos(window, window->Pos + offset, 0);
+            window->Size = ImFloor(window->Size * scale);
+            window->SizeFull = ImFloor(window->SizeFull * scale);
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+    if (g.IO.KeyCtrl)
+        return;
+
+    // Mouse wheel scrolling
+    // Read about io.MouseWheelRequestAxisSwap and its issue on Mac+Emscripten in UpdateMouseInputs()
+    if (g.IO.MouseWheelRequestAxisSwap)
+        wheel = ImVec2(wheel.y, 0.0f);
+
+    // Maintain a rough average of moving magnitude on both axises
+    // FIXME: should by based on wall clock time rather than frame-counter
+    g.WheelingAxisAvg.x = ImExponentialMovingAverage(g.WheelingAxisAvg.x, ImAbs(wheel.x), 30);
+    g.WheelingAxisAvg.y = ImExponentialMovingAverage(g.WheelingAxisAvg.y, ImAbs(wheel.y), 30);
+
+    // In the rare situation where FindBestWheelingWindow() had to defer first frame of wheeling due to ambiguous main axis, reinject it now.
+    wheel += g.WheelingWindowWheelRemainder;
+    g.WheelingWindowWheelRemainder = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    if (wheel.x == 0.0f && wheel.y == 0.0f)
+        return;
+
+    // Mouse wheel scrolling: find target and apply
+    // - don't renew lock if axis doesn't apply on the window.
+    // - select a main axis when both axises are being moved.
+    if (ImGuiWindow* window = (g.WheelingWindow ? g.WheelingWindow : FindBestWheelingWindow(wheel)))
+        if (!(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse) && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs))
+        {
+            bool do_scroll[2] = { wheel.x != 0.0f && window->ScrollMax.x != 0.0f, wheel.y != 0.0f && window->ScrollMax.y != 0.0f };
+            if (do_scroll[ImGuiAxis_X] && do_scroll[ImGuiAxis_Y])
+                do_scroll[(g.WheelingAxisAvg.x > g.WheelingAxisAvg.y) ? ImGuiAxis_Y : ImGuiAxis_X] = false;
+            if (do_scroll[ImGuiAxis_X])
+            {
+                LockWheelingWindow(window, wheel.x);
+                float max_step = window->InnerRect.GetWidth() * 0.67f;
+                float scroll_step = ImFloor(ImMin(2 * window->CalcFontSize(), max_step));
+                SetScrollX(window, window->Scroll.x - wheel.x * scroll_step);
+            }
+            if (do_scroll[ImGuiAxis_Y])
+            {
+                LockWheelingWindow(window, wheel.y);
+                float max_step = window->InnerRect.GetHeight() * 0.67f;
+                float scroll_step = ImFloor(ImMin(5 * window->CalcFontSize(), max_step));
+                SetScrollY(window, window->Scroll.y - wheel.y * scroll_step);
+            }
+        }
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextFrameWantCaptureKeyboard(bool want_capture_keyboard)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.WantCaptureKeyboardNextFrame = want_capture_keyboard ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNextFrameWantCaptureMouse(bool want_capture_mouse)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.WantCaptureMouseNextFrame = want_capture_mouse ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+static const char* GetInputSourceName(ImGuiInputSource source)
+{
+    const char* input_source_names[] = { "None", "Mouse", "Keyboard", "Gamepad", "Clipboard" };
+    IM_ASSERT(IM_ARRAYSIZE(input_source_names) == ImGuiInputSource_COUNT && source >= 0 && source < ImGuiInputSource_COUNT);
+    return input_source_names[source];
+}
+static const char* GetMouseSourceName(ImGuiMouseSource source)
+{
+    const char* mouse_source_names[] = { "Mouse", "TouchScreen", "Pen" };
+    IM_ASSERT(IM_ARRAYSIZE(mouse_source_names) == ImGuiMouseSource_COUNT && source >= 0 && source < ImGuiMouseSource_COUNT);
+    return mouse_source_names[source];
+}
+static void DebugPrintInputEvent(const char* prefix, const ImGuiInputEvent* e)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MousePos)    { if (e->MousePos.PosX == -FLT_MAX && e->MousePos.PosY == -FLT_MAX) IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: MousePos (-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX)\n", prefix); else IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: MousePos (%.1f, %.1f) (%s)\n", prefix, e->MousePos.PosX, e->MousePos.PosY, GetMouseSourceName(e->MouseWheel.MouseSource)); return; }
+    if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseButton) { IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: MouseButton %d %s (%s)\n", prefix, e->MouseButton.Button, e->MouseButton.Down ? "Down" : "Up", GetMouseSourceName(e->MouseWheel.MouseSource)); return; }
+    if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseWheel)  { IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: MouseWheel (%.3f, %.3f) (%s)\n", prefix, e->MouseWheel.WheelX, e->MouseWheel.WheelY, GetMouseSourceName(e->MouseWheel.MouseSource)); return; }
+    if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseViewport){IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: MouseViewport (0x%08X)\n", prefix, e->MouseViewport.HoveredViewportID); return; }
+    if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Key)         { IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: Key \"%s\" %s\n", prefix, ImGui::GetKeyName(e->Key.Key), e->Key.Down ? "Down" : "Up"); return; }
+    if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Text)        { IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: Text: %c (U+%08X)\n", prefix, e->Text.Char, e->Text.Char); return; }
+    if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Focus)       { IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("%s: AppFocused %d\n", prefix, e->AppFocused.Focused); return; }
+}
+#endif
+
+// Process input queue
+// We always call this with the value of 'bool g.IO.ConfigInputTrickleEventQueue'.
+// - trickle_fast_inputs = false : process all events, turn into flattened input state (e.g. successive down/up/down/up will be lost)
+// - trickle_fast_inputs = true  : process as many events as possible (successive down/up/down/up will be trickled over several frames so nothing is lost) (new feature in 1.87)
+void ImGui::UpdateInputEvents(bool trickle_fast_inputs)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+
+    // Only trickle chars<>key when working with InputText()
+    // FIXME: InputText() could parse event trail?
+    // FIXME: Could specialize chars<>keys trickling rules for control keys (those not typically associated to characters)
+    const bool trickle_interleaved_keys_and_text = (trickle_fast_inputs && g.WantTextInputNextFrame == 1);
+
+    bool mouse_moved = false, mouse_wheeled = false, key_changed = false, text_inputted = false;
+    int  mouse_button_changed = 0x00;
+    ImBitArray<ImGuiKey_KeysData_SIZE> key_changed_mask;
+
+    int event_n = 0;
+    for (; event_n < g.InputEventsQueue.Size; event_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiInputEvent* e = &g.InputEventsQueue[event_n];
+        if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MousePos)
+        {
+            // Trickling Rule: Stop processing queued events if we already handled a mouse button change
+            ImVec2 event_pos(e->MousePos.PosX, e->MousePos.PosY);
+            if (trickle_fast_inputs && (mouse_button_changed != 0 || mouse_wheeled || key_changed || text_inputted))
+                break;
+            io.MousePos = event_pos;
+            io.MouseSource = e->MousePos.MouseSource;
+            mouse_moved = true;
+        }
+        else if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseButton)
+        {
+            // Trickling Rule: Stop processing queued events if we got multiple action on the same button
+            const ImGuiMouseButton button = e->MouseButton.Button;
+            IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT);
+            if (trickle_fast_inputs && ((mouse_button_changed & (1 << button)) || mouse_wheeled))
+                break;
+            if (trickle_fast_inputs && e->MouseButton.MouseSource == ImGuiMouseSource_TouchScreen && mouse_moved) // #2702: TouchScreen have no initial hover.
+                break;
+            io.MouseDown[button] = e->MouseButton.Down;
+            io.MouseSource = e->MouseButton.MouseSource;
+            mouse_button_changed |= (1 << button);
+        }
+        else if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseWheel)
+        {
+            // Trickling Rule: Stop processing queued events if we got multiple action on the event
+            if (trickle_fast_inputs && (mouse_moved || mouse_button_changed != 0))
+                break;
+            io.MouseWheelH += e->MouseWheel.WheelX;
+            io.MouseWheel += e->MouseWheel.WheelY;
+            io.MouseSource = e->MouseWheel.MouseSource;
+            mouse_wheeled = true;
+        }
+        else if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseViewport)
+        {
+            io.MouseHoveredViewport = e->MouseViewport.HoveredViewportID;
+        }
+        else if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Key)
+        {
+            // Trickling Rule: Stop processing queued events if we got multiple action on the same button
+            ImGuiKey key = e->Key.Key;
+            IM_ASSERT(key != ImGuiKey_None);
+            ImGuiKeyData* key_data = GetKeyData(key);
+            const int key_data_index = (int)(key_data - g.IO.KeysData);
+            if (trickle_fast_inputs && key_data->Down != e->Key.Down && (key_changed_mask.TestBit(key_data_index) || text_inputted || mouse_button_changed != 0))
+                break;
+            key_data->Down = e->Key.Down;
+            key_data->AnalogValue = e->Key.AnalogValue;
+            key_changed = true;
+            key_changed_mask.SetBit(key_data_index);
+
+            // Allow legacy code using io.KeysDown[GetKeyIndex()] with new backends
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+            io.KeysDown[key_data_index] = key_data->Down;
+            if (io.KeyMap[key_data_index] != -1)
+                io.KeysDown[io.KeyMap[key_data_index]] = key_data->Down;
+#endif
+        }
+        else if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Text)
+        {
+            // Trickling Rule: Stop processing queued events if keys/mouse have been interacted with
+            if (trickle_fast_inputs && ((key_changed && trickle_interleaved_keys_and_text) || mouse_button_changed != 0 || mouse_moved || mouse_wheeled))
+                break;
+            unsigned int c = e->Text.Char;
+            io.InputQueueCharacters.push_back(c <= IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX ? (ImWchar)c : IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID);
+            if (trickle_interleaved_keys_and_text)
+                text_inputted = true;
+        }
+        else if (e->Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Focus)
+        {
+            // We intentionally overwrite this and process in NewFrame(), in order to give a chance
+            // to multi-viewports backends to queue AddFocusEvent(false) + AddFocusEvent(true) in same frame.
+            const bool focus_lost = !e->AppFocused.Focused;
+            io.AppFocusLost = focus_lost;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(0 && "Unknown event!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Record trail (for domain-specific applications wanting to access a precise trail)
+    //if (event_n != 0) IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("Processed: %d / Remaining: %d\n", event_n, g.InputEventsQueue.Size - event_n);
+    for (int n = 0; n < event_n; n++)
+        g.InputEventsTrail.push_back(g.InputEventsQueue[n]);
+
+    // [DEBUG]
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+    if (event_n != 0 && (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventIO))
+        for (int n = 0; n < g.InputEventsQueue.Size; n++)
+            DebugPrintInputEvent(n < event_n ? "Processed" : "Remaining", &g.InputEventsQueue[n]);
+#endif
+
+    // Remaining events will be processed on the next frame
+    if (event_n == g.InputEventsQueue.Size)
+        g.InputEventsQueue.resize(0);
+    else
+        g.InputEventsQueue.erase(g.InputEventsQueue.Data, g.InputEventsQueue.Data + event_n);
+
+    // Clear buttons state when focus is lost
+    // - this is useful so e.g. releasing Alt after focus loss on Alt-Tab doesn't trigger the Alt menu toggle.
+    // - we clear in EndFrame() and not now in order allow application/user code polling this flag
+    //   (e.g. custom backend may want to clear additional data, custom widgets may want to react with a "canceling" event).
+    if (g.IO.AppFocusLost)
+        g.IO.ClearInputKeys();
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key)
+{
+    if (!IsNamedKeyOrModKey(key))
+        return ImGuiKeyOwner_None;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiKeyOwnerData* owner_data = GetKeyOwnerData(&g, key);
+    ImGuiID owner_id = owner_data->OwnerCurr;
+
+    if (g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys && owner_id != g.ActiveId && owner_id != ImGuiKeyOwner_Any)
+        if (key >= ImGuiKey_Keyboard_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_Keyboard_END)
+            return ImGuiKeyOwner_None;
+
+    return owner_id;
+}
+
+// TestKeyOwner(..., ID)   : (owner == None || owner == ID)
+// TestKeyOwner(..., None) : (owner == None)
+// TestKeyOwner(..., Any)  : no owner test
+// All paths are also testing for key not being locked, for the rare cases that key have been locked with using ImGuiInputFlags_LockXXX flags.
+bool ImGui::TestKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id)
+{
+    if (!IsNamedKeyOrModKey(key))
+        return true;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys && owner_id != g.ActiveId && owner_id != ImGuiKeyOwner_Any)
+        if (key >= ImGuiKey_Keyboard_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_Keyboard_END)
+            return false;
+
+    ImGuiKeyOwnerData* owner_data = GetKeyOwnerData(&g, key);
+    if (owner_id == ImGuiKeyOwner_Any)
+        return (owner_data->LockThisFrame == false);
+
+    // Note: SetKeyOwner() sets OwnerCurr. It is not strictly required for most mouse routing overlap (because of ActiveId/HoveredId
+    // are acting as filter before this has a chance to filter), but sane as soon as user tries to look into things.
+    // Setting OwnerCurr in SetKeyOwner() is more consistent than testing OwnerNext here: would be inconsistent with getter and other functions.
+    if (owner_data->OwnerCurr != owner_id)
+    {
+        if (owner_data->LockThisFrame)
+            return false;
+        if (owner_data->OwnerCurr != ImGuiKeyOwner_None)
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// _LockXXX flags are useful to lock keys away from code which is not input-owner aware.
+// When using _LockXXX flags, you can use ImGuiKeyOwner_Any to lock keys from everyone.
+// - SetKeyOwner(..., None)              : clears owner
+// - SetKeyOwner(..., Any, !Lock)        : illegal (assert)
+// - SetKeyOwner(..., Any or None, Lock) : set lock
+void ImGui::SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(IsNamedKeyOrModKey(key) && (owner_id != ImGuiKeyOwner_Any || (flags & (ImGuiInputFlags_LockThisFrame | ImGuiInputFlags_LockUntilRelease)))); // Can only use _Any with _LockXXX flags (to eat a key away without an ID to retrieve it)
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ~ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedBySetKeyOwner) == 0); // Passing flags not supported by this function!
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiKeyOwnerData* owner_data = GetKeyOwnerData(&g, key);
+    owner_data->OwnerCurr = owner_data->OwnerNext = owner_id;
+
+    // We cannot lock by default as it would likely break lots of legacy code.
+    // In the case of using LockUntilRelease while key is not down we still lock during the frame (no key_data->Down test)
+    owner_data->LockUntilRelease = (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_LockUntilRelease) != 0;
+    owner_data->LockThisFrame = (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_LockThisFrame) != 0 || (owner_data->LockUntilRelease);
+}
+
+// Rarely used helper
+void ImGui::SetKeyOwnersForKeyChord(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Ctrl)      { SetKeyOwner(ImGuiMod_Ctrl, owner_id, flags); }
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Shift)     { SetKeyOwner(ImGuiMod_Shift, owner_id, flags); }
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Alt)       { SetKeyOwner(ImGuiMod_Alt, owner_id, flags); }
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Super)     { SetKeyOwner(ImGuiMod_Super, owner_id, flags); }
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Shortcut)  { SetKeyOwner(ImGuiMod_Shortcut, owner_id, flags); }
+    if (key_chord & ~ImGuiMod_Mask_)    { SetKeyOwner((ImGuiKey)(key_chord & ~ImGuiMod_Mask_), owner_id, flags); }
+}
+
+// This is more or less equivalent to:
+//   if (IsItemHovered() || IsItemActive())
+//       SetKeyOwner(key, GetItemID());
+// Extensive uses of that (e.g. many calls for a single item) may want to manually perform the tests once and then call SetKeyOwner() multiple times.
+// More advanced usage scenarios may want to call SetKeyOwner() manually based on different condition.
+// Worth noting is that only one item can be hovered and only one item can be active, therefore this usage pattern doesn't need to bother with routing and priority.
+void ImGui::SetItemKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiID id = g.LastItemData.ID;
+    if (id == 0 || (g.HoveredId != id && g.ActiveId != id))
+        return;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiInputFlags_CondMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiInputFlags_CondDefault_;
+    if ((g.HoveredId == id && (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_CondHovered)) || (g.ActiveId == id && (flags & ImGuiInputFlags_CondActive)))
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT((flags & ~ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedBySetItemKeyOwner) == 0); // Passing flags not supported by this function!
+        SetKeyOwner(key, id, flags & ~ImGuiInputFlags_CondMask_);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ImGui::Shortcut(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // When using (owner_id == 0/Any): SetShortcutRouting() will use CurrentFocusScopeId and filter with this, so IsKeyPressed() is fine with he 0/Any.
+    if ((flags & ImGuiInputFlags_RouteMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused;
+    if (!SetShortcutRouting(key_chord, owner_id, flags))
+        return false;
+
+    if (key_chord & ImGuiMod_Shortcut)
+        key_chord = ConvertShortcutMod(key_chord);
+    ImGuiKey mods = (ImGuiKey)(key_chord & ImGuiMod_Mask_);
+    if (g.IO.KeyMods != mods)
+        return false;
+
+    // Special storage location for mods
+    ImGuiKey key = (ImGuiKey)(key_chord & ~ImGuiMod_Mask_);
+    if (key == ImGuiKey_None)
+        key = ConvertSingleModFlagToKey(&g, mods);
+
+    if (!IsKeyPressed(key, owner_id, (flags & (ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat | (ImGuiInputFlags)ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateMask_))))
+        return false;
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ~ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedByShortcut) == 0); // Passing flags not supported by this function!
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ERROR CHECKING
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helper function to verify ABI compatibility between caller code and compiled version of Dear ImGui.
+// Verify that the type sizes are matching between the calling file's compilation unit and imgui.cpp's compilation unit
+// If this triggers you have an issue:
+// - Most commonly: mismatched headers and compiled code version.
+// - Or: mismatched configuration #define, compilation settings, packing pragma etc.
+//   The configuration settings mentioned in imconfig.h must be set for all compilation units involved with Dear ImGui,
+//   which is way it is required you put them in your imconfig file (and not just before including imgui.h).
+//   Otherwise it is possible that different compilation units would see different structure layout
+bool ImGui::DebugCheckVersionAndDataLayout(const char* version, size_t sz_io, size_t sz_style, size_t sz_vec2, size_t sz_vec4, size_t sz_vert, size_t sz_idx)
+{
+    bool error = false;
+    if (strcmp(version, IMGUI_VERSION) != 0) { error = true; IM_ASSERT(strcmp(version, IMGUI_VERSION) == 0 && "Mismatched version string!"); }
+    if (sz_io != sizeof(ImGuiIO)) { error = true; IM_ASSERT(sz_io == sizeof(ImGuiIO) && "Mismatched struct layout!"); }
+    if (sz_style != sizeof(ImGuiStyle)) { error = true; IM_ASSERT(sz_style == sizeof(ImGuiStyle) && "Mismatched struct layout!"); }
+    if (sz_vec2 != sizeof(ImVec2)) { error = true; IM_ASSERT(sz_vec2 == sizeof(ImVec2) && "Mismatched struct layout!"); }
+    if (sz_vec4 != sizeof(ImVec4)) { error = true; IM_ASSERT(sz_vec4 == sizeof(ImVec4) && "Mismatched struct layout!"); }
+    if (sz_vert != sizeof(ImDrawVert)) { error = true; IM_ASSERT(sz_vert == sizeof(ImDrawVert) && "Mismatched struct layout!"); }
+    if (sz_idx != sizeof(ImDrawIdx)) { error = true; IM_ASSERT(sz_idx == sizeof(ImDrawIdx) && "Mismatched struct layout!"); }
+    return !error;
+}
+
+// Until 1.89 (IMGUI_VERSION_NUM < 18814) it was legal to use SetCursorPos() to extend the boundary of a parent (e.g. window or table cell)
+// This is causing issues and ambiguity and we need to retire that.
+// See https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/5548 for more details.
+// [Scenario 1]
+//  Previously this would make the window content size ~200x200:
+//    Begin(...) + SetCursorScreenPos(GetCursorScreenPos() + ImVec2(200,200)) + End();  // NOT OK
+//  Instead, please submit an item:
+//    Begin(...) + SetCursorScreenPos(GetCursorScreenPos() + ImVec2(200,200)) + Dummy(ImVec2(0,0)) + End(); // OK
+//  Alternative:
+//    Begin(...) + Dummy(ImVec2(200,200)) + End(); // OK
+// [Scenario 2]
+//  For reference this is one of the issue what we aim to fix with this change:
+//    BeginGroup() + SomeItem("foobar") + SetCursorScreenPos(GetCursorScreenPos()) + EndGroup()
+//  The previous logic made SetCursorScreenPos(GetCursorScreenPos()) have a side-effect! It would erroneously incorporate ItemSpacing.y after the item into content size, making the group taller!
+//  While this code is a little twisted, no-one would expect SetXXX(GetXXX()) to have a side-effect. Using vertical alignment patterns could trigger this issue.
+void ImGui::ErrorCheckUsingSetCursorPosToExtendParentBoundaries()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(window->DC.IsSetPos);
+    window->DC.IsSetPos = false;
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    if (window->DC.CursorPos.x <= window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x && window->DC.CursorPos.y <= window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y)
+        return;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+    IM_ASSERT(0 && "Code uses SetCursorPos()/SetCursorScreenPos() to extend window/parent boundaries. Please submit an item e.g. Dummy() to validate extent.");
+#else
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos, window->DC.CursorPos);
+#endif
+}
+
+static void ImGui::ErrorCheckNewFrameSanityChecks()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Check user IM_ASSERT macro
+    // (IF YOU GET A WARNING OR COMPILE ERROR HERE: it means your assert macro is incorrectly defined!
+    //  If your macro uses multiple statements, it NEEDS to be surrounded by a 'do { ... } while (0)' block.
+    //  This is a common C/C++ idiom to allow multiple statements macros to be used in control flow blocks.)
+    // #define IM_ASSERT(EXPR)   if (SomeCode(EXPR)) SomeMoreCode();                    // Wrong!
+    // #define IM_ASSERT(EXPR)   do { if (SomeCode(EXPR)) SomeMoreCode(); } while (0)   // Correct!
+    if (true) IM_ASSERT(1); else IM_ASSERT(0);
+
+    // Emscripten backends are often imprecise in their submission of DeltaTime. (#6114, #3644)
+    // Ideally the Emscripten app/backend should aim to fix or smooth this value and avoid feeding zero, but we tolerate it.
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+    if (g.IO.DeltaTime <= 0.0f && g.FrameCount > 0)
+        g.IO.DeltaTime = 0.00001f;
+#endif
+
+    // Check user data
+    // (We pass an error message in the assert expression to make it visible to programmers who are not using a debugger, as most assert handlers display their argument)
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Initialized);
+    IM_ASSERT((g.IO.DeltaTime > 0.0f || g.FrameCount == 0)              && "Need a positive DeltaTime!");
+    IM_ASSERT((g.FrameCount == 0 || g.FrameCountEnded == g.FrameCount)  && "Forgot to call Render() or EndFrame() at the end of the previous frame?");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.IO.DisplaySize.x >= 0.0f && g.IO.DisplaySize.y >= 0.0f  && "Invalid DisplaySize value!");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.IO.Fonts->IsBuilt()                                     && "Font Atlas not built! Make sure you called ImGui_ImplXXXX_NewFrame() function for renderer backend, which should call io.Fonts->GetTexDataAsRGBA32() / GetTexDataAsAlpha8()");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Style.CurveTessellationTol > 0.0f                       && "Invalid style setting!");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Style.CircleTessellationMaxError > 0.0f                 && "Invalid style setting!");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Style.Alpha >= 0.0f && g.Style.Alpha <= 1.0f            && "Invalid style setting!"); // Allows us to avoid a few clamps in color computations
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Style.WindowMinSize.x >= 1.0f && g.Style.WindowMinSize.y >= 1.0f && "Invalid style setting.");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_None || g.Style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left || g.Style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Right);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Style.ColorButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left || g.Style.ColorButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Right);
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    for (int n = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN; n < ImGuiKey_COUNT; n++)
+        IM_ASSERT(g.IO.KeyMap[n] >= -1 && g.IO.KeyMap[n] < ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_END && "io.KeyMap[] contains an out of bound value (need to be 0..511, or -1 for unmapped key)");
+
+    // Check: required key mapping (we intentionally do NOT check all keys to not pressure user into setting up everything, but Space is required and was only added in 1.60 WIP)
+    if ((g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) && g.IO.BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays == 1)
+        IM_ASSERT(g.IO.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Space] != -1 && "ImGuiKey_Space is not mapped, required for keyboard navigation.");
+#endif
+
+    // Check: the io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges option requires backend to honor mouse cursor changes and set the ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors flag accordingly.
+    if (g.IO.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges && !(g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors))
+        g.IO.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges = false;
+
+    // Perform simple check: error if Docking or Viewport are enabled _exactly_ on frame 1 (instead of frame 0 or later), which is a common error leading to loss of .ini data.
+    if (g.FrameCount == 1 && (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable) && (g.ConfigFlagsLastFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable) == 0)
+        IM_ASSERT(0 && "Please set DockingEnable before the first call to NewFrame()! Otherwise you will lose your .ini settings!");
+    if (g.FrameCount == 1 && (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable) && (g.ConfigFlagsLastFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable) == 0)
+        IM_ASSERT(0 && "Please set ViewportsEnable before the first call to NewFrame()! Otherwise you will lose your .ini settings!");
+
+    // Perform simple checks: multi-viewport and platform windows support
+    if (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)
+    {
+        if ((g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports) && (g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasViewports))
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT((g.FrameCount == 0 || g.FrameCount == g.FrameCountPlatformEnded) && "Forgot to call UpdatePlatformWindows() in main loop after EndFrame()? Check examples/ applications for reference.");
+            IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Platform_CreateWindow  != NULL && "Platform init didn't install handlers?");
+            IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Platform_DestroyWindow != NULL && "Platform init didn't install handlers?");
+            IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowPos  != NULL && "Platform init didn't install handlers?");
+            IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowPos  != NULL && "Platform init didn't install handlers?");
+            IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowSize != NULL && "Platform init didn't install handlers?");
+            IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowSize != NULL && "Platform init didn't install handlers?");
+            IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size > 0 && "Platform init didn't setup Monitors list?");
+            IM_ASSERT((g.Viewports[0]->PlatformUserData != NULL || g.Viewports[0]->PlatformHandle != NULL) && "Platform init didn't setup main viewport.");
+            if (g.IO.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload && (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable))
+                IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowAlpha != NULL && "Platform_SetWindowAlpha handler is required to use io.ConfigDockingTransparent!");
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Disable feature, our backends do not support it
+            g.IO.ConfigFlags &= ~ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable;
+        }
+
+        // Perform simple checks on platform monitor data + compute a total bounding box for quick early outs
+        for (int monitor_n = 0; monitor_n < g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size; monitor_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiPlatformMonitor& mon = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[monitor_n];
+            IM_UNUSED(mon);
+            IM_ASSERT(mon.MainSize.x > 0.0f && mon.MainSize.y > 0.0f && "Monitor main bounds not setup properly.");
+            IM_ASSERT(ImRect(mon.MainPos, mon.MainPos + mon.MainSize).Contains(ImRect(mon.WorkPos, mon.WorkPos + mon.WorkSize)) && "Monitor work bounds not setup properly. If you don't have work area information, just copy MainPos/MainSize into them.");
+            IM_ASSERT(mon.DpiScale != 0.0f);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::ErrorCheckEndFrameSanityChecks()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Verify that io.KeyXXX fields haven't been tampered with. Key mods should not be modified between NewFrame() and EndFrame()
+    // One possible reason leading to this assert is that your backends update inputs _AFTER_ NewFrame().
+    // It is known that when some modal native windows called mid-frame takes focus away, some backends such as GLFW will
+    // send key release events mid-frame. This would normally trigger this assertion and lead to sheared inputs.
+    // We silently accommodate for this case by ignoring the case where all io.KeyXXX modifiers were released (aka key_mod_flags == 0),
+    // while still correctly asserting on mid-frame key press events.
+    const ImGuiKeyChord key_mods = GetMergedModsFromKeys();
+    IM_ASSERT((key_mods == 0 || g.IO.KeyMods == key_mods) && "Mismatching io.KeyCtrl/io.KeyShift/io.KeyAlt/io.KeySuper vs io.KeyMods");
+    IM_UNUSED(key_mods);
+
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL] Recover from errors: You may call this yourself before EndFrame().
+    //ErrorCheckEndFrameRecover();
+
+    // Report when there is a mismatch of Begin/BeginChild vs End/EndChild calls. Important: Remember that the Begin/BeginChild API requires you
+    // to always call End/EndChild even if Begin/BeginChild returns false! (this is unfortunately inconsistent with most other Begin* API).
+    if (g.CurrentWindowStack.Size != 1)
+    {
+        if (g.CurrentWindowStack.Size > 1)
+        {
+            ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindowStack.back().Window; // <-- This window was not Ended!
+            IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(g.CurrentWindowStack.Size == 1, "Mismatched Begin/BeginChild vs End/EndChild calls: did you forget to call End/EndChild?");
+            IM_UNUSED(window);
+            while (g.CurrentWindowStack.Size > 1)
+                End();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(g.CurrentWindowStack.Size == 1, "Mismatched Begin/BeginChild vs End/EndChild calls: did you call End/EndChild too much?");
+        }
+    }
+
+    IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(g.GroupStack.Size == 0, "Missing EndGroup call!");
+}
+
+// Experimental recovery from incorrect usage of BeginXXX/EndXXX/PushXXX/PopXXX calls.
+// Must be called during or before EndFrame().
+// This is generally flawed as we are not necessarily End/Popping things in the right order.
+// FIXME: Can't recover from inside BeginTabItem/EndTabItem yet.
+// FIXME: Can't recover from interleaved BeginTabBar/Begin
+void    ImGui::ErrorCheckEndFrameRecover(ImGuiErrorLogCallback log_callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    // PVS-Studio V1044 is "Loop break conditions do not depend on the number of iterations"
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    while (g.CurrentWindowStack.Size > 0) //-V1044
+    {
+        ErrorCheckEndWindowRecover(log_callback, user_data);
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+        if (g.CurrentWindowStack.Size == 1)
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(window->IsFallbackWindow);
+            break;
+        }
+        if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+        {
+            if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing EndChild() for '%s'", window->Name);
+            EndChild();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing End() for '%s'", window->Name);
+            End();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Must be called before End()/EndChild()
+void    ImGui::ErrorCheckEndWindowRecover(ImGuiErrorLogCallback log_callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    while (g.CurrentTable && (g.CurrentTable->OuterWindow == g.CurrentWindow || g.CurrentTable->InnerWindow == g.CurrentWindow))
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing EndTable() in '%s'", g.CurrentTable->OuterWindow->Name);
+        EndTable();
+    }
+
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiStackSizes* stack_sizes = &g.CurrentWindowStack.back().StackSizesOnBegin;
+    IM_ASSERT(window != NULL);
+    while (g.CurrentTabBar != NULL) //-V1044
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing EndTabBar() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        EndTabBar();
+    }
+    while (window->DC.TreeDepth > 0)
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing TreePop() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        TreePop();
+    }
+    while (g.GroupStack.Size > stack_sizes->SizeOfGroupStack) //-V1044
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing EndGroup() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        EndGroup();
+    }
+    while (window->IDStack.Size > 1)
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing PopID() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        PopID();
+    }
+    while (g.DisabledStackSize > stack_sizes->SizeOfDisabledStack) //-V1044
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing EndDisabled() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        EndDisabled();
+    }
+    while (g.ColorStack.Size > stack_sizes->SizeOfColorStack)
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing PopStyleColor() in '%s' for ImGuiCol_%s", window->Name, GetStyleColorName(g.ColorStack.back().Col));
+        PopStyleColor();
+    }
+    while (g.ItemFlagsStack.Size > stack_sizes->SizeOfItemFlagsStack) //-V1044
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing PopItemFlag() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        PopItemFlag();
+    }
+    while (g.StyleVarStack.Size > stack_sizes->SizeOfStyleVarStack) //-V1044
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing PopStyleVar() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        PopStyleVar();
+    }
+    while (g.FocusScopeStack.Size > stack_sizes->SizeOfFocusScopeStack + 1) //-V1044
+    {
+        if (log_callback) log_callback(user_data, "Recovered from missing PopFocusScope() in '%s'", window->Name);
+        PopFocusScope();
+    }
+}
+
+// Save current stack sizes for later compare
+void ImGuiStackSizes::SetToContextState(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    SizeOfIDStack = (short)window->IDStack.Size;
+    SizeOfColorStack = (short)g.ColorStack.Size;
+    SizeOfStyleVarStack = (short)g.StyleVarStack.Size;
+    SizeOfFontStack = (short)g.FontStack.Size;
+    SizeOfFocusScopeStack = (short)g.FocusScopeStack.Size;
+    SizeOfGroupStack = (short)g.GroupStack.Size;
+    SizeOfItemFlagsStack = (short)g.ItemFlagsStack.Size;
+    SizeOfBeginPopupStack = (short)g.BeginPopupStack.Size;
+    SizeOfDisabledStack = (short)g.DisabledStackSize;
+}
+
+// Compare to detect usage errors
+void ImGuiStackSizes::CompareWithContextState(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_UNUSED(window);
+
+    // Window stacks
+    // NOT checking: DC.ItemWidth, DC.TextWrapPos (per window) to allow user to conveniently push once and not pop (they are cleared on Begin)
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfIDStack         == window->IDStack.Size     && "PushID/PopID or TreeNode/TreePop Mismatch!");
+
+    // Global stacks
+    // For color, style and font stacks there is an incentive to use Push/Begin/Pop/.../End patterns, so we relax our checks a little to allow them.
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfGroupStack      == g.GroupStack.Size        && "BeginGroup/EndGroup Mismatch!");
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfBeginPopupStack == g.BeginPopupStack.Size   && "BeginPopup/EndPopup or BeginMenu/EndMenu Mismatch!");
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfDisabledStack   == g.DisabledStackSize      && "BeginDisabled/EndDisabled Mismatch!");
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfItemFlagsStack  >= g.ItemFlagsStack.Size    && "PushItemFlag/PopItemFlag Mismatch!");
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfColorStack      >= g.ColorStack.Size        && "PushStyleColor/PopStyleColor Mismatch!");
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfStyleVarStack   >= g.StyleVarStack.Size     && "PushStyleVar/PopStyleVar Mismatch!");
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfFontStack       >= g.FontStack.Size         && "PushFont/PopFont Mismatch!");
+    IM_ASSERT(SizeOfFocusScopeStack == g.FocusScopeStack.Size   && "PushFocusScope/PopFocusScope Mismatch!");
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] LAYOUT
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ItemSize()
+// - ItemAdd()
+// - SameLine()
+// - GetCursorScreenPos()
+// - SetCursorScreenPos()
+// - GetCursorPos(), GetCursorPosX(), GetCursorPosY()
+// - SetCursorPos(), SetCursorPosX(), SetCursorPosY()
+// - GetCursorStartPos()
+// - Indent()
+// - Unindent()
+// - SetNextItemWidth()
+// - PushItemWidth()
+// - PushMultiItemsWidths()
+// - PopItemWidth()
+// - CalcItemWidth()
+// - CalcItemSize()
+// - GetTextLineHeight()
+// - GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing()
+// - GetFrameHeight()
+// - GetFrameHeightWithSpacing()
+// - GetContentRegionMax()
+// - GetContentRegionMaxAbs() [Internal]
+// - GetContentRegionAvail(),
+// - GetWindowContentRegionMin(), GetWindowContentRegionMax()
+// - BeginGroup()
+// - EndGroup()
+// Also see in imgui_widgets: tab bars, and in imgui_tables: tables, columns.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Advance cursor given item size for layout.
+// Register minimum needed size so it can extend the bounding box used for auto-fit calculation.
+// See comments in ItemAdd() about how/why the size provided to ItemSize() vs ItemAdd() may often different.
+void ImGui::ItemSize(const ImVec2& size, float text_baseline_y)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    // We increase the height in this function to accommodate for baseline offset.
+    // In theory we should be offsetting the starting position (window->DC.CursorPos), that will be the topic of a larger refactor,
+    // but since ItemSize() is not yet an API that moves the cursor (to handle e.g. wrapping) enlarging the height has the same effect.
+    const float offset_to_match_baseline_y = (text_baseline_y >= 0) ? ImMax(0.0f, window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset - text_baseline_y) : 0.0f;
+
+    const float line_y1 = window->DC.IsSameLine ? window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.y : window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+    const float line_height = ImMax(window->DC.CurrLineSize.y, /*ImMax(*/window->DC.CursorPos.y - line_y1/*, 0.0f)*/ + size.y + offset_to_match_baseline_y);
+
+    // Always align ourselves on pixel boundaries
+    //if (g.IO.KeyAlt) window->DrawList->AddRect(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + ImVec2(size.x, line_height), IM_COL32(255,0,0,200)); // [DEBUG]
+    window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.x = window->DC.CursorPos.x + size.x;
+    window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.y = line_y1;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = IM_FLOOR(window->Pos.x + window->DC.Indent.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x);    // Next line
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y = IM_FLOOR(line_y1 + line_height + g.Style.ItemSpacing.y);                       // Next line
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x, window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.x);
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y, window->DC.CursorPos.y - g.Style.ItemSpacing.y);
+    //if (g.IO.KeyAlt) window->DrawList->AddCircle(window->DC.CursorMaxPos, 3.0f, IM_COL32(255,0,0,255), 4); // [DEBUG]
+
+    window->DC.PrevLineSize.y = line_height;
+    window->DC.CurrLineSize.y = 0.0f;
+    window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset = ImMax(window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset, text_baseline_y);
+    window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = 0.0f;
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = window->DC.IsSetPos = false;
+
+    // Horizontal layout mode
+    if (window->DC.LayoutType == ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal)
+        SameLine();
+}
+
+// Declare item bounding box for clipping and interaction.
+// Note that the size can be different than the one provided to ItemSize(). Typically, widgets that spread over available surface
+// declare their minimum size requirement to ItemSize() and provide a larger region to ItemAdd() which is used drawing/interaction.
+bool ImGui::ItemAdd(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, const ImRect* nav_bb_arg, ImGuiItemFlags extra_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    // Set item data
+    // (DisplayRect is left untouched, made valid when ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDisplayRect is set)
+    g.LastItemData.ID = id;
+    g.LastItemData.Rect = bb;
+    g.LastItemData.NavRect = nav_bb_arg ? *nav_bb_arg : bb;
+    g.LastItemData.InFlags = g.CurrentItemFlags | extra_flags;
+    g.LastItemData.StatusFlags = ImGuiItemStatusFlags_None;
+
+    // Directional navigation processing
+    if (id != 0)
+    {
+        KeepAliveID(id);
+
+        // Runs prior to clipping early-out
+        //  (a) So that NavInitRequest can be honored, for newly opened windows to select a default widget
+        //  (b) So that we can scroll up/down past clipped items. This adds a small O(N) cost to regular navigation requests
+        //      unfortunately, but it is still limited to one window. It may not scale very well for windows with ten of
+        //      thousands of item, but at least NavMoveRequest is only set on user interaction, aka maximum once a frame.
+        //      We could early out with "if (is_clipped && !g.NavInitRequest) return false;" but when we wouldn't be able
+        //      to reach unclipped widgets. This would work if user had explicit scrolling control (e.g. mapped on a stick).
+        // We intentionally don't check if g.NavWindow != NULL because g.NavAnyRequest should only be set when it is non null.
+        // If we crash on a NULL g.NavWindow we need to fix the bug elsewhere.
+        if (!(g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav))
+        {
+            window->DC.NavLayersActiveMaskNext |= (1 << window->DC.NavLayerCurrent);
+            if (g.NavId == id || g.NavAnyRequest)
+                if (g.NavWindow->RootWindowForNav == window->RootWindowForNav)
+                    if (window == g.NavWindow || ((window->Flags | g.NavWindow->Flags) & ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened))
+                        NavProcessItem();
+        }
+
+        // [DEBUG] People keep stumbling on this problem and using "" as identifier in the root of a window instead of "##something".
+        // Empty identifier are valid and useful in a small amount of cases, but 99.9% of the time you want to use "##something".
+        // READ THE FAQ: https://dearimgui.com/faq
+        IM_ASSERT(id != window->ID && "Cannot have an empty ID at the root of a window. If you need an empty label, use ## and read the FAQ about how the ID Stack works!");
+    }
+    g.NextItemData.Flags = ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_None;
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+    if (id != 0)
+        IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(id, g.LastItemData.NavRect, &g.LastItemData);
+#endif
+
+    // Clipping test
+    // (FIXME: This is a modified copy of IsClippedEx() so we can reuse the is_rect_visible value)
+    //const bool is_clipped = IsClippedEx(bb, id);
+    //if (is_clipped)
+    //    return false;
+    const bool is_rect_visible = bb.Overlaps(window->ClipRect);
+    if (!is_rect_visible)
+        if (id == 0 || (id != g.ActiveId && id != g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame && id != g.NavId))
+            if (!g.LogEnabled)
+                return false;
+
+    // [DEBUG]
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+    if (id != 0 && id == g.DebugLocateId)
+        DebugLocateItemResolveWithLastItem();
+#endif
+    //if (g.IO.KeyAlt) window->DrawList->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, IM_COL32(255,255,0,120)); // [DEBUG]
+
+    // We need to calculate this now to take account of the current clipping rectangle (as items like Selectable may change them)
+    if (is_rect_visible)
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Visible;
+    if (IsMouseHoveringRect(bb.Min, bb.Max))
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect;
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Gets back to previous line and continue with horizontal layout
+//      offset_from_start_x == 0 : follow right after previous item
+//      offset_from_start_x != 0 : align to specified x position (relative to window/group left)
+//      spacing_w < 0            : use default spacing if pos_x == 0, no spacing if pos_x != 0
+//      spacing_w >= 0           : enforce spacing amount
+void ImGui::SameLine(float offset_from_start_x, float spacing_w)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    if (offset_from_start_x != 0.0f)
+    {
+        if (spacing_w < 0.0f)
+            spacing_w = 0.0f;
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x = window->Pos.x - window->Scroll.x + offset_from_start_x + spacing_w + window->DC.GroupOffset.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x;
+        window->DC.CursorPos.y = window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.y;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (spacing_w < 0.0f)
+            spacing_w = g.Style.ItemSpacing.x;
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x = window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.x + spacing_w;
+        window->DC.CursorPos.y = window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.y;
+    }
+    window->DC.CurrLineSize = window->DC.PrevLineSize;
+    window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset;
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = true;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->DC.CursorPos;
+}
+
+// 2022/08/05: Setting cursor position also extend boundaries (via modifying CursorMaxPos) used to compute window size, group size etc.
+// I believe this was is a judicious choice but it's probably being relied upon (it has been the case since 1.31 and 1.50)
+// It would be sane if we requested user to use SetCursorPos() + Dummy(ImVec2(0,0)) to extend CursorMaxPos...
+void ImGui::SetCursorScreenPos(const ImVec2& pos)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.CursorPos = pos;
+    //window->DC.CursorMaxPos = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos, window->DC.CursorPos);
+    window->DC.IsSetPos = true;
+}
+
+// User generally sees positions in window coordinates. Internally we store CursorPos in absolute screen coordinates because it is more convenient.
+// Conversion happens as we pass the value to user, but it makes our naming convention confusing because GetCursorPos() == (DC.CursorPos - window.Pos). May want to rename 'DC.CursorPos'.
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetCursorPos()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->DC.CursorPos - window->Pos + window->Scroll;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetCursorPosX()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->DC.CursorPos.x - window->Pos.x + window->Scroll.x;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetCursorPosY()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->DC.CursorPos.y - window->Pos.y + window->Scroll.y;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetCursorPos(const ImVec2& local_pos)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.CursorPos = window->Pos - window->Scroll + local_pos;
+    //window->DC.CursorMaxPos = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos, window->DC.CursorPos);
+    window->DC.IsSetPos = true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetCursorPosX(float x)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = window->Pos.x - window->Scroll.x + x;
+    //window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x, window->DC.CursorPos.x);
+    window->DC.IsSetPos = true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetCursorPosY(float y)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y = window->Pos.y - window->Scroll.y + y;
+    //window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y, window->DC.CursorPos.y);
+    window->DC.IsSetPos = true;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetCursorStartPos()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->DC.CursorStartPos - window->Pos;
+}
+
+void ImGui::Indent(float indent_w)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.Indent.x += (indent_w != 0.0f) ? indent_w : g.Style.IndentSpacing;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = window->Pos.x + window->DC.Indent.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x;
+}
+
+void ImGui::Unindent(float indent_w)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.Indent.x -= (indent_w != 0.0f) ? indent_w : g.Style.IndentSpacing;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = window->Pos.x + window->DC.Indent.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x;
+}
+
+// Affect large frame+labels widgets only.
+void ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(float item_width)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NextItemData.Flags |= ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasWidth;
+    g.NextItemData.Width = item_width;
+}
+
+// FIXME: Remove the == 0.0f behavior?
+void ImGui::PushItemWidth(float item_width)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    window->DC.ItemWidthStack.push_back(window->DC.ItemWidth); // Backup current width
+    window->DC.ItemWidth = (item_width == 0.0f ? window->ItemWidthDefault : item_width);
+    g.NextItemData.Flags &= ~ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasWidth;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushMultiItemsWidths(int components, float w_full)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const float w_item_one  = ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR((w_full - (style.ItemInnerSpacing.x) * (components - 1)) / (float)components));
+    const float w_item_last = ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR(w_full - (w_item_one + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x) * (components - 1)));
+    window->DC.ItemWidthStack.push_back(window->DC.ItemWidth); // Backup current width
+    window->DC.ItemWidthStack.push_back(w_item_last);
+    for (int i = 0; i < components - 2; i++)
+        window->DC.ItemWidthStack.push_back(w_item_one);
+    window->DC.ItemWidth = (components == 1) ? w_item_last : w_item_one;
+    g.NextItemData.Flags &= ~ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasWidth;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopItemWidth()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    window->DC.ItemWidth = window->DC.ItemWidthStack.back();
+    window->DC.ItemWidthStack.pop_back();
+}
+
+// Calculate default item width given value passed to PushItemWidth() or SetNextItemWidth().
+// The SetNextItemWidth() data is generally cleared/consumed by ItemAdd() or NextItemData.ClearFlags()
+float ImGui::CalcItemWidth()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    float w;
+    if (g.NextItemData.Flags & ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasWidth)
+        w = g.NextItemData.Width;
+    else
+        w = window->DC.ItemWidth;
+    if (w < 0.0f)
+    {
+        float region_max_x = GetContentRegionMaxAbs().x;
+        w = ImMax(1.0f, region_max_x - window->DC.CursorPos.x + w);
+    }
+    w = IM_FLOOR(w);
+    return w;
+}
+
+// [Internal] Calculate full item size given user provided 'size' parameter and default width/height. Default width is often == CalcItemWidth().
+// Those two functions CalcItemWidth vs CalcItemSize are awkwardly named because they are not fully symmetrical.
+// Note that only CalcItemWidth() is publicly exposed.
+// The 4.0f here may be changed to match CalcItemWidth() and/or BeginChild() (right now we have a mismatch which is harmless but undesirable)
+ImVec2 ImGui::CalcItemSize(ImVec2 size, float default_w, float default_h)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    ImVec2 region_max;
+    if (size.x < 0.0f || size.y < 0.0f)
+        region_max = GetContentRegionMaxAbs();
+
+    if (size.x == 0.0f)
+        size.x = default_w;
+    else if (size.x < 0.0f)
+        size.x = ImMax(4.0f, region_max.x - window->DC.CursorPos.x + size.x);
+
+    if (size.y == 0.0f)
+        size.y = default_h;
+    else if (size.y < 0.0f)
+        size.y = ImMax(4.0f, region_max.y - window->DC.CursorPos.y + size.y);
+
+    return size;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetTextLineHeight()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.FontSize;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.FontSize + g.Style.ItemSpacing.y;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetFrameHeight()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f + g.Style.ItemSpacing.y;
+}
+
+// FIXME: All the Contents Region function are messy or misleading. WE WILL AIM TO OBSOLETE ALL OF THEM WITH A NEW "WORK RECT" API. Thanks for your patience!
+
+// FIXME: This is in window space (not screen space!).
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetContentRegionMax()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImVec2 mx = window->ContentRegionRect.Max - window->Pos;
+    if (window->DC.CurrentColumns || g.CurrentTable)
+        mx.x = window->WorkRect.Max.x - window->Pos.x;
+    return mx;
+}
+
+// [Internal] Absolute coordinate. Saner. This is not exposed until we finishing refactoring work rect features.
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetContentRegionMaxAbs()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImVec2 mx = window->ContentRegionRect.Max;
+    if (window->DC.CurrentColumns || g.CurrentTable)
+        mx.x = window->WorkRect.Max.x;
+    return mx;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return GetContentRegionMaxAbs() - window->DC.CursorPos;
+}
+
+// In window space (not screen space!)
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMin()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->ContentRegionRect.Min - window->Pos;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->ContentRegionRect.Max - window->Pos;
+}
+
+// Lock horizontal starting position + capture group bounding box into one "item" (so you can use IsItemHovered() or layout primitives such as SameLine() on whole group, etc.)
+// Groups are currently a mishmash of functionalities which should perhaps be clarified and separated.
+// FIXME-OPT: Could we safely early out on ->SkipItems?
+void ImGui::BeginGroup()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    g.GroupStack.resize(g.GroupStack.Size + 1);
+    ImGuiGroupData& group_data = g.GroupStack.back();
+    group_data.WindowID = window->ID;
+    group_data.BackupCursorPos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    group_data.BackupCursorMaxPos = window->DC.CursorMaxPos;
+    group_data.BackupIndent = window->DC.Indent;
+    group_data.BackupGroupOffset = window->DC.GroupOffset;
+    group_data.BackupCurrLineSize = window->DC.CurrLineSize;
+    group_data.BackupCurrLineTextBaseOffset = window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset;
+    group_data.BackupActiveIdIsAlive = g.ActiveIdIsAlive;
+    group_data.BackupHoveredIdIsAlive = g.HoveredId != 0;
+    group_data.BackupActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive = g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive;
+    group_data.EmitItem = true;
+
+    window->DC.GroupOffset.x = window->DC.CursorPos.x - window->Pos.x - window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x;
+    window->DC.Indent = window->DC.GroupOffset;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    window->DC.CurrLineSize = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        g.LogLinePosY = -FLT_MAX; // To enforce a carriage return
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndGroup()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.GroupStack.Size > 0); // Mismatched BeginGroup()/EndGroup() calls
+
+    ImGuiGroupData& group_data = g.GroupStack.back();
+    IM_ASSERT(group_data.WindowID == window->ID); // EndGroup() in wrong window?
+
+    if (window->DC.IsSetPos)
+        ErrorCheckUsingSetCursorPosToExtendParentBoundaries();
+
+    ImRect group_bb(group_data.BackupCursorPos, ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos, group_data.BackupCursorPos));
+
+    window->DC.CursorPos = group_data.BackupCursorPos;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos = ImMax(group_data.BackupCursorMaxPos, window->DC.CursorMaxPos);
+    window->DC.Indent = group_data.BackupIndent;
+    window->DC.GroupOffset = group_data.BackupGroupOffset;
+    window->DC.CurrLineSize = group_data.BackupCurrLineSize;
+    window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = group_data.BackupCurrLineTextBaseOffset;
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        g.LogLinePosY = -FLT_MAX; // To enforce a carriage return
+
+    if (!group_data.EmitItem)
+    {
+        g.GroupStack.pop_back();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = ImMax(window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset, group_data.BackupCurrLineTextBaseOffset);      // FIXME: Incorrect, we should grab the base offset from the *first line* of the group but it is hard to obtain now.
+    ItemSize(group_bb.GetSize());
+    ItemAdd(group_bb, 0, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoTabStop);
+
+    // If the current ActiveId was declared within the boundary of our group, we copy it to LastItemId so IsItemActive(), IsItemDeactivated() etc. will be functional on the entire group.
+    // It would be neater if we replaced window.DC.LastItemId by e.g. 'bool LastItemIsActive', but would put a little more burden on individual widgets.
+    // Also if you grep for LastItemId you'll notice it is only used in that context.
+    // (The two tests not the same because ActiveIdIsAlive is an ID itself, in order to be able to handle ActiveId being overwritten during the frame.)
+    const bool group_contains_curr_active_id = (group_data.BackupActiveIdIsAlive != g.ActiveId) && (g.ActiveIdIsAlive == g.ActiveId) && g.ActiveId;
+    const bool group_contains_prev_active_id = (group_data.BackupActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive == false) && (g.ActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive == true);
+    if (group_contains_curr_active_id)
+        g.LastItemData.ID = g.ActiveId;
+    else if (group_contains_prev_active_id)
+        g.LastItemData.ID = g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame;
+    g.LastItemData.Rect = group_bb;
+
+    // Forward Hovered flag
+    const bool group_contains_curr_hovered_id = (group_data.BackupHoveredIdIsAlive == false) && g.HoveredId != 0;
+    if (group_contains_curr_hovered_id)
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow;
+
+    // Forward Edited flag
+    if (group_contains_curr_active_id && g.ActiveIdHasBeenEditedThisFrame)
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Edited;
+
+    // Forward Deactivated flag
+    g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDeactivated;
+    if (group_contains_prev_active_id && g.ActiveId != g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame)
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Deactivated;
+
+    g.GroupStack.pop_back();
+    //window->DrawList->AddRect(group_bb.Min, group_bb.Max, IM_COL32(255,0,255,255));   // [Debug]
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] SCROLLING
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helper to snap on edges when aiming at an item very close to the edge,
+// So the difference between WindowPadding and ItemSpacing will be in the visible area after scrolling.
+// When we refactor the scrolling API this may be configurable with a flag?
+// Note that the effect for this won't be visible on X axis with default Style settings as WindowPadding.x == ItemSpacing.x by default.
+static float CalcScrollEdgeSnap(float target, float snap_min, float snap_max, float snap_threshold, float center_ratio)
+{
+    if (target <= snap_min + snap_threshold)
+        return ImLerp(snap_min, target, center_ratio);
+    if (target >= snap_max - snap_threshold)
+        return ImLerp(target, snap_max, center_ratio);
+    return target;
+}
+
+static ImVec2 CalcNextScrollFromScrollTargetAndClamp(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImVec2 scroll = window->Scroll;
+    ImVec2 decoration_size(window->DecoOuterSizeX1 + window->DecoInnerSizeX1 + window->DecoOuterSizeX2, window->DecoOuterSizeY1 + window->DecoInnerSizeY1 + window->DecoOuterSizeY2);
+    for (int axis = 0; axis < 2; axis++)
+    {
+        if (window->ScrollTarget[axis] < FLT_MAX)
+        {
+            float center_ratio = window->ScrollTargetCenterRatio[axis];
+            float scroll_target = window->ScrollTarget[axis];
+            if (window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist[axis] > 0.0f)
+            {
+                float snap_min = 0.0f;
+                float snap_max = window->ScrollMax[axis] + window->SizeFull[axis] - decoration_size[axis];
+                scroll_target = CalcScrollEdgeSnap(scroll_target, snap_min, snap_max, window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist[axis], center_ratio);
+            }
+            scroll[axis] = scroll_target - center_ratio * (window->SizeFull[axis] - decoration_size[axis]);
+        }
+        scroll[axis] = IM_FLOOR(ImMax(scroll[axis], 0.0f));
+        if (!window->Collapsed && !window->SkipItems)
+            scroll[axis] = ImMin(scroll[axis], window->ScrollMax[axis]);
+    }
+    return scroll;
+}
+
+void ImGui::ScrollToItem(ImGuiScrollFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ScrollToRectEx(window, g.LastItemData.NavRect, flags);
+}
+
+void ImGui::ScrollToRect(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& item_rect, ImGuiScrollFlags flags)
+{
+    ScrollToRectEx(window, item_rect, flags);
+}
+
+// Scroll to keep newly navigated item fully into view
+ImVec2 ImGui::ScrollToRectEx(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& item_rect, ImGuiScrollFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImRect scroll_rect(window->InnerRect.Min - ImVec2(1, 1), window->InnerRect.Max + ImVec2(1, 1));
+    scroll_rect.Min.x = ImMin(scroll_rect.Min.x + window->DecoInnerSizeX1, scroll_rect.Max.x);
+    scroll_rect.Min.y = ImMin(scroll_rect.Min.y + window->DecoInnerSizeY1, scroll_rect.Max.y);
+    //GetForegroundDrawList(window)->AddRect(item_rect.Min, item_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255,0,0,255), 0.0f, 0, 5.0f); // [DEBUG]
+    //GetForegroundDrawList(window)->AddRect(scroll_rect.Min, scroll_rect.Max, IM_COL32_WHITE); // [DEBUG]
+
+    // Check that only one behavior is selected per axis
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskX_) == 0 || ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskX_));
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskY_) == 0 || ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskY_));
+
+    // Defaults
+    ImGuiScrollFlags in_flags = flags;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskX_) == 0 && window->ScrollbarX)
+        flags |= ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskY_) == 0)
+        flags |= window->Appearing ? ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterY : ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY;
+
+    const bool fully_visible_x = item_rect.Min.x >= scroll_rect.Min.x && item_rect.Max.x <= scroll_rect.Max.x;
+    const bool fully_visible_y = item_rect.Min.y >= scroll_rect.Min.y && item_rect.Max.y <= scroll_rect.Max.y;
+    const bool can_be_fully_visible_x = (item_rect.GetWidth() + g.Style.ItemSpacing.x * 2.0f) <= scroll_rect.GetWidth() || (window->AutoFitFramesX > 0) || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize) != 0;
+    const bool can_be_fully_visible_y = (item_rect.GetHeight() + g.Style.ItemSpacing.y * 2.0f) <= scroll_rect.GetHeight() || (window->AutoFitFramesY > 0) || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize) != 0;
+
+    if ((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX) && !fully_visible_x)
+    {
+        if (item_rect.Min.x < scroll_rect.Min.x || !can_be_fully_visible_x)
+            SetScrollFromPosX(window, item_rect.Min.x - g.Style.ItemSpacing.x - window->Pos.x, 0.0f);
+        else if (item_rect.Max.x >= scroll_rect.Max.x)
+            SetScrollFromPosX(window, item_rect.Max.x + g.Style.ItemSpacing.x - window->Pos.x, 1.0f);
+    }
+    else if (((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterX) && !fully_visible_x) || (flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterX))
+    {
+        if (can_be_fully_visible_x)
+            SetScrollFromPosX(window, ImFloor((item_rect.Min.x + item_rect.Max.x) * 0.5f) - window->Pos.x, 0.5f);
+        else
+            SetScrollFromPosX(window, item_rect.Min.x - window->Pos.x, 0.0f);
+    }
+
+    if ((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY) && !fully_visible_y)
+    {
+        if (item_rect.Min.y < scroll_rect.Min.y || !can_be_fully_visible_y)
+            SetScrollFromPosY(window, item_rect.Min.y - g.Style.ItemSpacing.y - window->Pos.y, 0.0f);
+        else if (item_rect.Max.y >= scroll_rect.Max.y)
+            SetScrollFromPosY(window, item_rect.Max.y + g.Style.ItemSpacing.y - window->Pos.y, 1.0f);
+    }
+    else if (((flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterY) && !fully_visible_y) || (flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterY))
+    {
+        if (can_be_fully_visible_y)
+            SetScrollFromPosY(window, ImFloor((item_rect.Min.y + item_rect.Max.y) * 0.5f) - window->Pos.y, 0.5f);
+        else
+            SetScrollFromPosY(window, item_rect.Min.y - window->Pos.y, 0.0f);
+    }
+
+    ImVec2 next_scroll = CalcNextScrollFromScrollTargetAndClamp(window);
+    ImVec2 delta_scroll = next_scroll - window->Scroll;
+
+    // Also scroll parent window to keep us into view if necessary
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiScrollFlags_NoScrollParent) && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow))
+    {
+        // FIXME-SCROLL: May be an option?
+        if ((in_flags & (ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterX | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterX)) != 0)
+            in_flags = (in_flags & ~ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskX_) | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX;
+        if ((in_flags & (ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterY | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterY)) != 0)
+            in_flags = (in_flags & ~ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskY_) | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY;
+        delta_scroll += ScrollToRectEx(window->ParentWindow, ImRect(item_rect.Min - delta_scroll, item_rect.Max - delta_scroll), in_flags);
+    }
+
+    return delta_scroll;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetScrollX()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->Scroll.x;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetScrollY()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->Scroll.y;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetScrollMaxX()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->ScrollMax.x;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetScrollMaxY()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+    return window->ScrollMax.y;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetScrollX(ImGuiWindow* window, float scroll_x)
+{
+    window->ScrollTarget.x = scroll_x;
+    window->ScrollTargetCenterRatio.x = 0.0f;
+    window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist.x = 0.0f;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetScrollY(ImGuiWindow* window, float scroll_y)
+{
+    window->ScrollTarget.y = scroll_y;
+    window->ScrollTargetCenterRatio.y = 0.0f;
+    window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist.y = 0.0f;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetScrollX(float scroll_x)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    SetScrollX(g.CurrentWindow, scroll_x);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetScrollY(float scroll_y)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    SetScrollY(g.CurrentWindow, scroll_y);
+}
+
+// Note that a local position will vary depending on initial scroll value,
+// This is a little bit confusing so bear with us:
+//  - local_pos = (absolution_pos - window->Pos)
+//  - So local_x/local_y are 0.0f for a position at the upper-left corner of a window,
+//    and generally local_x/local_y are >(padding+decoration) && <(size-padding-decoration) when in the visible area.
+//  - They mostly exist because of legacy API.
+// Following the rules above, when trying to work with scrolling code, consider that:
+//  - SetScrollFromPosY(0.0f) == SetScrollY(0.0f + scroll.y) == has no effect!
+//  - SetScrollFromPosY(-scroll.y) == SetScrollY(-scroll.y + scroll.y) == SetScrollY(0.0f) == reset scroll. Of course writing SetScrollY(0.0f) directly then makes more sense
+// We store a target position so centering and clamping can occur on the next frame when we are guaranteed to have a known window size
+void ImGui::SetScrollFromPosX(ImGuiWindow* window, float local_x, float center_x_ratio)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(center_x_ratio >= 0.0f && center_x_ratio <= 1.0f);
+    window->ScrollTarget.x = IM_FLOOR(local_x - window->DecoOuterSizeX1 - window->DecoInnerSizeX1 + window->Scroll.x); // Convert local position to scroll offset
+    window->ScrollTargetCenterRatio.x = center_x_ratio;
+    window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist.x = 0.0f;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetScrollFromPosY(ImGuiWindow* window, float local_y, float center_y_ratio)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(center_y_ratio >= 0.0f && center_y_ratio <= 1.0f);
+    window->ScrollTarget.y = IM_FLOOR(local_y - window->DecoOuterSizeY1 - window->DecoInnerSizeY1 + window->Scroll.y); // Convert local position to scroll offset
+    window->ScrollTargetCenterRatio.y = center_y_ratio;
+    window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist.y = 0.0f;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetScrollFromPosX(float local_x, float center_x_ratio)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    SetScrollFromPosX(g.CurrentWindow, local_x, center_x_ratio);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetScrollFromPosY(float local_y, float center_y_ratio)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    SetScrollFromPosY(g.CurrentWindow, local_y, center_y_ratio);
+}
+
+// center_x_ratio: 0.0f left of last item, 0.5f horizontal center of last item, 1.0f right of last item.
+void ImGui::SetScrollHereX(float center_x_ratio)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    float spacing_x = ImMax(window->WindowPadding.x, g.Style.ItemSpacing.x);
+    float target_pos_x = ImLerp(g.LastItemData.Rect.Min.x - spacing_x, g.LastItemData.Rect.Max.x + spacing_x, center_x_ratio);
+    SetScrollFromPosX(window, target_pos_x - window->Pos.x, center_x_ratio); // Convert from absolute to local pos
+
+    // Tweak: snap on edges when aiming at an item very close to the edge
+    window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist.x = ImMax(0.0f, window->WindowPadding.x - spacing_x);
+}
+
+// center_y_ratio: 0.0f top of last item, 0.5f vertical center of last item, 1.0f bottom of last item.
+void ImGui::SetScrollHereY(float center_y_ratio)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    float spacing_y = ImMax(window->WindowPadding.y, g.Style.ItemSpacing.y);
+    float target_pos_y = ImLerp(window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.y - spacing_y, window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.y + window->DC.PrevLineSize.y + spacing_y, center_y_ratio);
+    SetScrollFromPosY(window, target_pos_y - window->Pos.y, center_y_ratio); // Convert from absolute to local pos
+
+    // Tweak: snap on edges when aiming at an item very close to the edge
+    window->ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist.y = ImMax(0.0f, window->WindowPadding.y - spacing_y);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] TOOLTIPS
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ImGui::BeginTooltip()
+{
+    return BeginTooltipEx(ImGuiTooltipFlags_None, ImGuiWindowFlags_None);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginTooltipEx(ImGuiTooltipFlags tooltip_flags, ImGuiWindowFlags extra_window_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    if (g.DragDropWithinSource || g.DragDropWithinTarget)
+    {
+        // The default tooltip position is a little offset to give space to see the context menu (it's also clamped within the current viewport/monitor)
+        // In the context of a dragging tooltip we try to reduce that offset and we enforce following the cursor.
+        // Whatever we do we want to call SetNextWindowPos() to enforce a tooltip position and disable clipping the tooltip without our display area, like regular tooltip do.
+        //ImVec2 tooltip_pos = g.IO.MousePos - g.ActiveIdClickOffset - g.Style.WindowPadding;
+        ImVec2 tooltip_pos = g.IO.MousePos + ImVec2(16 * g.Style.MouseCursorScale, 8 * g.Style.MouseCursorScale);
+        SetNextWindowPos(tooltip_pos);
+        SetNextWindowBgAlpha(g.Style.Colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg].w * 0.60f);
+        //PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_Alpha, g.Style.Alpha * 0.60f); // This would be nice but e.g ColorButton with checkboard has issue with transparent colors :(
+        tooltip_flags |= ImGuiTooltipFlags_OverridePreviousTooltip;
+    }
+
+    char window_name[16];
+    ImFormatString(window_name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(window_name), "##Tooltip_%02d", g.TooltipOverrideCount);
+    if (tooltip_flags & ImGuiTooltipFlags_OverridePreviousTooltip)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(window_name))
+            if (window->Active)
+            {
+                // Hide previous tooltip from being displayed. We can't easily "reset" the content of a window so we create a new one.
+                SetWindowHiddendAndSkipItemsForCurrentFrame(window);
+                ImFormatString(window_name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(window_name), "##Tooltip_%02d", ++g.TooltipOverrideCount);
+            }
+    ImGuiWindowFlags flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    Begin(window_name, NULL, flags | extra_window_flags);
+    // 2023-03-09: Added bool return value to the API, but currently always returning true.
+    // If this ever returns false we need to update BeginDragDropSource() accordingly.
+    //if (!ret)
+    //    End();
+    //return ret;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndTooltip()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(GetCurrentWindowRead()->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip);   // Mismatched BeginTooltip()/EndTooltip() calls
+    End();
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetTooltipV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    if (!BeginTooltipEx(ImGuiTooltipFlags_OverridePreviousTooltip, ImGuiWindowFlags_None))
+        return;
+    TextV(fmt, args);
+    EndTooltip();
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetTooltip(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    SetTooltipV(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] POPUPS
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Supported flags: ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId, ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel
+bool ImGui::IsPopupOpen(ImGuiID id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId)
+    {
+        // Return true if any popup is open at the current BeginPopup() level of the popup stack
+        // This may be used to e.g. test for another popups already opened to handle popups priorities at the same level.
+        IM_ASSERT(id == 0);
+        if (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel)
+            return g.OpenPopupStack.Size > 0;
+        else
+            return g.OpenPopupStack.Size > g.BeginPopupStack.Size;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel)
+        {
+            // Return true if the popup is open anywhere in the popup stack
+            for (int n = 0; n < g.OpenPopupStack.Size; n++)
+                if (g.OpenPopupStack[n].PopupId == id)
+                    return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Return true if the popup is open at the current BeginPopup() level of the popup stack (this is the most-common query)
+            return g.OpenPopupStack.Size > g.BeginPopupStack.Size && g.OpenPopupStack[g.BeginPopupStack.Size].PopupId == id;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsPopupOpen(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiID id = (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId) ? 0 : g.CurrentWindow->GetID(str_id);
+    if ((popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel) && id != 0)
+        IM_ASSERT(0 && "Cannot use IsPopupOpen() with a string id and ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel."); // But non-string version is legal and used internally
+    return IsPopupOpen(id, popup_flags);
+}
+
+ImGuiWindow* ImGui::GetTopMostPopupModal()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int n = g.OpenPopupStack.Size - 1; n >= 0; n--)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* popup = g.OpenPopupStack.Data[n].Window)
+            if (popup->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)
+                return popup;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+ImGuiWindow* ImGui::GetTopMostAndVisiblePopupModal()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int n = g.OpenPopupStack.Size - 1; n >= 0; n--)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* popup = g.OpenPopupStack.Data[n].Window)
+            if ((popup->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal) && IsWindowActiveAndVisible(popup))
+                return popup;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void ImGui::OpenPopup(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiID id = g.CurrentWindow->GetID(str_id);
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_POPUP("[popup] OpenPopup(\"%s\" -> 0x%08X)\n", str_id, id);
+    OpenPopupEx(id, popup_flags);
+}
+
+void ImGui::OpenPopup(ImGuiID id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    OpenPopupEx(id, popup_flags);
+}
+
+// Mark popup as open (toggle toward open state).
+// Popups are closed when user click outside, or activate a pressable item, or CloseCurrentPopup() is called within a BeginPopup()/EndPopup() block.
+// Popup identifiers are relative to the current ID-stack (so OpenPopup and BeginPopup needs to be at the same level).
+// One open popup per level of the popup hierarchy (NB: when assigning we reset the Window member of ImGuiPopupRef to NULL)
+void ImGui::OpenPopupEx(ImGuiID id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* parent_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    const int current_stack_size = g.BeginPopupStack.Size;
+
+    if (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOpenOverExistingPopup)
+        if (IsPopupOpen((ImGuiID)0, ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId))
+            return;
+
+    ImGuiPopupData popup_ref; // Tagged as new ref as Window will be set back to NULL if we write this into OpenPopupStack.
+    popup_ref.PopupId = id;
+    popup_ref.Window = NULL;
+    popup_ref.BackupNavWindow = g.NavWindow;            // When popup closes focus may be restored to NavWindow (depend on window type).
+    popup_ref.OpenFrameCount = g.FrameCount;
+    popup_ref.OpenParentId = parent_window->IDStack.back();
+    popup_ref.OpenPopupPos = NavCalcPreferredRefPos();
+    popup_ref.OpenMousePos = IsMousePosValid(&g.IO.MousePos) ? g.IO.MousePos : popup_ref.OpenPopupPos;
+
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_POPUP("[popup] OpenPopupEx(0x%08X)\n", id);
+    if (g.OpenPopupStack.Size < current_stack_size + 1)
+    {
+        g.OpenPopupStack.push_back(popup_ref);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Gently handle the user mistakenly calling OpenPopup() every frame. It is a programming mistake! However, if we were to run the regular code path, the ui
+        // would become completely unusable because the popup will always be in hidden-while-calculating-size state _while_ claiming focus. Which would be a very confusing
+        // situation for the programmer. Instead, we silently allow the popup to proceed, it will keep reappearing and the programming error will be more obvious to understand.
+        if (g.OpenPopupStack[current_stack_size].PopupId == id && g.OpenPopupStack[current_stack_size].OpenFrameCount == g.FrameCount - 1)
+        {
+            g.OpenPopupStack[current_stack_size].OpenFrameCount = popup_ref.OpenFrameCount;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Close child popups if any, then flag popup for open/reopen
+            ClosePopupToLevel(current_stack_size, false);
+            g.OpenPopupStack.push_back(popup_ref);
+        }
+
+        // When reopening a popup we first refocus its parent, otherwise if its parent is itself a popup it would get closed by ClosePopupsOverWindow().
+        // This is equivalent to what ClosePopupToLevel() does.
+        //if (g.OpenPopupStack[current_stack_size].PopupId == id)
+        //    FocusWindow(parent_window);
+    }
+}
+
+// When popups are stacked, clicking on a lower level popups puts focus back to it and close popups above it.
+// This function closes any popups that are over 'ref_window'.
+void ImGui::ClosePopupsOverWindow(ImGuiWindow* ref_window, bool restore_focus_to_window_under_popup)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.OpenPopupStack.Size == 0)
+        return;
+
+    // Don't close our own child popup windows.
+    int popup_count_to_keep = 0;
+    if (ref_window)
+    {
+        // Find the highest popup which is a descendant of the reference window (generally reference window = NavWindow)
+        for (; popup_count_to_keep < g.OpenPopupStack.Size; popup_count_to_keep++)
+        {
+            ImGuiPopupData& popup = g.OpenPopupStack[popup_count_to_keep];
+            if (!popup.Window)
+                continue;
+            IM_ASSERT((popup.Window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) != 0);
+            if (popup.Window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+                continue;
+
+            // Trim the stack unless the popup is a direct parent of the reference window (the reference window is often the NavWindow)
+            // - With this stack of window, clicking/focusing Popup1 will close Popup2 and Popup3:
+            //     Window -> Popup1 -> Popup2 -> Popup3
+            // - Each popups may contain child windows, which is why we compare ->RootWindowDockTree!
+            //     Window -> Popup1 -> Popup1_Child -> Popup2 -> Popup2_Child
+            bool ref_window_is_descendent_of_popup = false;
+            for (int n = popup_count_to_keep; n < g.OpenPopupStack.Size; n++)
+                if (ImGuiWindow* popup_window = g.OpenPopupStack[n].Window)
+                    //if (popup_window->RootWindowDockTree == ref_window->RootWindowDockTree) // FIXME-MERGE
+                    if (IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(ref_window, popup_window))
+                    {
+                        ref_window_is_descendent_of_popup = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+            if (!ref_window_is_descendent_of_popup)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (popup_count_to_keep < g.OpenPopupStack.Size) // This test is not required but it allows to set a convenient breakpoint on the statement below
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_POPUP("[popup] ClosePopupsOverWindow(\"%s\")\n", ref_window ? ref_window->Name : "<NULL>");
+        ClosePopupToLevel(popup_count_to_keep, restore_focus_to_window_under_popup);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::ClosePopupsExceptModals()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    int popup_count_to_keep;
+    for (popup_count_to_keep = g.OpenPopupStack.Size; popup_count_to_keep > 0; popup_count_to_keep--)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.OpenPopupStack[popup_count_to_keep - 1].Window;
+        if (!window || window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)
+            break;
+    }
+    if (popup_count_to_keep < g.OpenPopupStack.Size) // This test is not required but it allows to set a convenient breakpoint on the statement below
+        ClosePopupToLevel(popup_count_to_keep, true);
+}
+
+void ImGui::ClosePopupToLevel(int remaining, bool restore_focus_to_window_under_popup)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_POPUP("[popup] ClosePopupToLevel(%d), restore_focus_to_window_under_popup=%d\n", remaining, restore_focus_to_window_under_popup);
+    IM_ASSERT(remaining >= 0 && remaining < g.OpenPopupStack.Size);
+
+    // Trim open popup stack
+    ImGuiWindow* popup_window = g.OpenPopupStack[remaining].Window;
+    ImGuiWindow* popup_backup_nav_window = g.OpenPopupStack[remaining].BackupNavWindow;
+    g.OpenPopupStack.resize(remaining);
+
+    if (restore_focus_to_window_under_popup)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* focus_window = (popup_window && popup_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu) ? popup_window->ParentWindow : popup_backup_nav_window;
+        if (focus_window && !focus_window->WasActive && popup_window)
+        {
+            // Fallback
+            FocusTopMostWindowUnderOne(popup_window, NULL, NULL);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main && focus_window)
+                focus_window = NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(focus_window);
+            FocusWindow(focus_window);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Close the popup we have begin-ed into.
+void ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    int popup_idx = g.BeginPopupStack.Size - 1;
+    if (popup_idx < 0 || popup_idx >= g.OpenPopupStack.Size || g.BeginPopupStack[popup_idx].PopupId != g.OpenPopupStack[popup_idx].PopupId)
+        return;
+
+    // Closing a menu closes its top-most parent popup (unless a modal)
+    while (popup_idx > 0)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* popup_window = g.OpenPopupStack[popup_idx].Window;
+        ImGuiWindow* parent_popup_window = g.OpenPopupStack[popup_idx - 1].Window;
+        bool close_parent = false;
+        if (popup_window && (popup_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))
+            if (parent_popup_window && !(parent_popup_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar))
+                close_parent = true;
+        if (!close_parent)
+            break;
+        popup_idx--;
+    }
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_POPUP("[popup] CloseCurrentPopup %d -> %d\n", g.BeginPopupStack.Size - 1, popup_idx);
+    ClosePopupToLevel(popup_idx, true);
+
+    // A common pattern is to close a popup when selecting a menu item/selectable that will open another window.
+    // To improve this usage pattern, we avoid nav highlight for a single frame in the parent window.
+    // Similarly, we could avoid mouse hover highlight in this window but it is less visually problematic.
+    if (ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow)
+        window->DC.NavHideHighlightOneFrame = true;
+}
+
+// Attention! BeginPopup() adds default flags which BeginPopupEx()!
+bool ImGui::BeginPopupEx(ImGuiID id, ImGuiWindowFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!IsPopupOpen(id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None))
+    {
+        g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags(); // We behave like Begin() and need to consume those values
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    char name[20];
+    if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)
+        ImFormatString(name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(name), "##Menu_%02d", g.BeginMenuCount); // Recycle windows based on depth
+    else
+        ImFormatString(name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(name), "##Popup_%08x", id); // Not recycling, so we can close/open during the same frame
+
+    flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    bool is_open = Begin(name, NULL, flags);
+    if (!is_open) // NB: Begin can return false when the popup is completely clipped (e.g. zero size display)
+        EndPopup();
+
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginPopup(const char* str_id, ImGuiWindowFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.OpenPopupStack.Size <= g.BeginPopupStack.Size) // Early out for performance
+    {
+        g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags(); // We behave like Begin() and need to consume those values
+        return false;
+    }
+    flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings;
+    ImGuiID id = g.CurrentWindow->GetID(str_id);
+    return BeginPopupEx(id, flags);
+}
+
+// If 'p_open' is specified for a modal popup window, the popup will have a regular close button which will close the popup.
+// Note that popup visibility status is owned by Dear ImGui (and manipulated with e.g. OpenPopup) so the actual value of *p_open is meaningless here.
+bool ImGui::BeginPopupModal(const char* name, bool* p_open, ImGuiWindowFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(name);
+    if (!IsPopupOpen(id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None))
+    {
+        g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags(); // We behave like Begin() and need to consume those values
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Center modal windows by default for increased visibility
+    // (this won't really last as settings will kick in, and is mostly for backward compatibility. user may do the same themselves)
+    // FIXME: Should test for (PosCond & window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags) with the upcoming window.
+    if ((g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasPos) == 0)
+    {
+        const ImGuiViewport* viewport = window->WasActive ? window->Viewport : GetMainViewport(); // FIXME-VIEWPORT: What may be our reference viewport?
+        SetNextWindowPos(viewport->GetCenter(), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+    }
+
+    flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    const bool is_open = Begin(name, p_open, flags);
+    if (!is_open || (p_open && !*p_open)) // NB: is_open can be 'false' when the popup is completely clipped (e.g. zero size display)
+    {
+        EndPopup();
+        if (is_open)
+            ClosePopupToLevel(g.BeginPopupStack.Size, true);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndPopup()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup);  // Mismatched BeginPopup()/EndPopup() calls
+    IM_ASSERT(g.BeginPopupStack.Size > 0);
+
+    // Make all menus and popups wrap around for now, may need to expose that policy (e.g. focus scope could include wrap/loop policy flags used by new move requests)
+    if (g.NavWindow == window)
+        NavMoveRequestTryWrapping(window, ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopY);
+
+    // Child-popups don't need to be laid out
+    IM_ASSERT(g.WithinEndChild == false);
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)
+        g.WithinEndChild = true;
+    End();
+    g.WithinEndChild = false;
+}
+
+// Helper to open a popup if mouse button is released over the item
+// - This is essentially the same as BeginPopupContextItem() but without the trailing BeginPopup()
+void ImGui::OpenPopupOnItemClick(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    int mouse_button = (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonMask_);
+    if (IsMouseReleased(mouse_button) && IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup))
+    {
+        ImGuiID id = str_id ? window->GetID(str_id) : g.LastItemData.ID;    // If user hasn't passed an ID, we can use the LastItemID. Using LastItemID as a Popup ID won't conflict!
+        IM_ASSERT(id != 0);                                             // You cannot pass a NULL str_id if the last item has no identifier (e.g. a Text() item)
+        OpenPopupEx(id, popup_flags);
+    }
+}
+
+// This is a helper to handle the simplest case of associating one named popup to one given widget.
+// - To create a popup associated to the last item, you generally want to pass a NULL value to str_id.
+// - To create a popup with a specific identifier, pass it in str_id.
+//    - This is useful when using using BeginPopupContextItem() on an item which doesn't have an identifier, e.g. a Text() call.
+//    - This is useful when multiple code locations may want to manipulate/open the same popup, given an explicit id.
+// - You may want to handle the whole on user side if you have specific needs (e.g. tweaking IsItemHovered() parameters).
+//   This is essentially the same as:
+//       id = str_id ? GetID(str_id) : GetItemID();
+//       OpenPopupOnItemClick(str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+//       return BeginPopup(id);
+//   Which is essentially the same as:
+//       id = str_id ? GetID(str_id) : GetItemID();
+//       if (IsItemHovered() && IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton_Right))
+//           OpenPopup(id);
+//       return BeginPopup(id);
+//   The main difference being that this is tweaked to avoid computing the ID twice.
+bool ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+    ImGuiID id = str_id ? window->GetID(str_id) : g.LastItemData.ID;    // If user hasn't passed an ID, we can use the LastItemID. Using LastItemID as a Popup ID won't conflict!
+    IM_ASSERT(id != 0);                                             // You cannot pass a NULL str_id if the last item has no identifier (e.g. a Text() item)
+    int mouse_button = (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonMask_);
+    if (IsMouseReleased(mouse_button) && IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup))
+        OpenPopupEx(id, popup_flags);
+    return BeginPopupEx(id, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginPopupContextWindow(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (!str_id)
+        str_id = "window_context";
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id);
+    int mouse_button = (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonMask_);
+    if (IsMouseReleased(mouse_button) && IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup))
+        if (!(popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOpenOverItems) || !IsAnyItemHovered())
+            OpenPopupEx(id, popup_flags);
+    return BeginPopupEx(id, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginPopupContextVoid(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (!str_id)
+        str_id = "void_context";
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id);
+    int mouse_button = (popup_flags & ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonMask_);
+    if (IsMouseReleased(mouse_button) && !IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow))
+        if (GetTopMostPopupModal() == NULL)
+            OpenPopupEx(id, popup_flags);
+    return BeginPopupEx(id, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings);
+}
+
+// r_avoid = the rectangle to avoid (e.g. for tooltip it is a rectangle around the mouse cursor which we want to avoid. for popups it's a small point around the cursor.)
+// r_outer = the visible area rectangle, minus safe area padding. If our popup size won't fit because of safe area padding we ignore it.
+// (r_outer is usually equivalent to the viewport rectangle minus padding, but when multi-viewports are enabled and monitor
+//  information are available, it may represent the entire platform monitor from the frame of reference of the current viewport.
+//  this allows us to have tooltips/popups displayed out of the parent viewport.)
+ImVec2 ImGui::FindBestWindowPosForPopupEx(const ImVec2& ref_pos, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiDir* last_dir, const ImRect& r_outer, const ImRect& r_avoid, ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy policy)
+{
+    ImVec2 base_pos_clamped = ImClamp(ref_pos, r_outer.Min, r_outer.Max - size);
+    //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(r_avoid.Min, r_avoid.Max, IM_COL32(255,0,0,255));
+    //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(r_outer.Min, r_outer.Max, IM_COL32(0,255,0,255));
+
+    // Combo Box policy (we want a connecting edge)
+    if (policy == ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_ComboBox)
+    {
+        const ImGuiDir dir_prefered_order[ImGuiDir_COUNT] = { ImGuiDir_Down, ImGuiDir_Right, ImGuiDir_Left, ImGuiDir_Up };
+        for (int n = (*last_dir != ImGuiDir_None) ? -1 : 0; n < ImGuiDir_COUNT; n++)
+        {
+            const ImGuiDir dir = (n == -1) ? *last_dir : dir_prefered_order[n];
+            if (n != -1 && dir == *last_dir) // Already tried this direction?
+                continue;
+            ImVec2 pos;
+            if (dir == ImGuiDir_Down)  pos = ImVec2(r_avoid.Min.x, r_avoid.Max.y);          // Below, Toward Right (default)
+            if (dir == ImGuiDir_Right) pos = ImVec2(r_avoid.Min.x, r_avoid.Min.y - size.y); // Above, Toward Right
+            if (dir == ImGuiDir_Left)  pos = ImVec2(r_avoid.Max.x - size.x, r_avoid.Max.y); // Below, Toward Left
+            if (dir == ImGuiDir_Up)    pos = ImVec2(r_avoid.Max.x - size.x, r_avoid.Min.y - size.y); // Above, Toward Left
+            if (!r_outer.Contains(ImRect(pos, pos + size)))
+                continue;
+            *last_dir = dir;
+            return pos;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Tooltip and Default popup policy
+    // (Always first try the direction we used on the last frame, if any)
+    if (policy == ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Tooltip || policy == ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Default)
+    {
+        const ImGuiDir dir_prefered_order[ImGuiDir_COUNT] = { ImGuiDir_Right, ImGuiDir_Down, ImGuiDir_Up, ImGuiDir_Left };
+        for (int n = (*last_dir != ImGuiDir_None) ? -1 : 0; n < ImGuiDir_COUNT; n++)
+        {
+            const ImGuiDir dir = (n == -1) ? *last_dir : dir_prefered_order[n];
+            if (n != -1 && dir == *last_dir) // Already tried this direction?
+                continue;
+
+            const float avail_w = (dir == ImGuiDir_Left ? r_avoid.Min.x : r_outer.Max.x) - (dir == ImGuiDir_Right ? r_avoid.Max.x : r_outer.Min.x);
+            const float avail_h = (dir == ImGuiDir_Up ? r_avoid.Min.y : r_outer.Max.y) - (dir == ImGuiDir_Down ? r_avoid.Max.y : r_outer.Min.y);
+
+            // If there's not enough room on one axis, there's no point in positioning on a side on this axis (e.g. when not enough width, use a top/bottom position to maximize available width)
+            if (avail_w < size.x && (dir == ImGuiDir_Left || dir == ImGuiDir_Right))
+                continue;
+            if (avail_h < size.y && (dir == ImGuiDir_Up || dir == ImGuiDir_Down))
+                continue;
+
+            ImVec2 pos;
+            pos.x = (dir == ImGuiDir_Left) ? r_avoid.Min.x - size.x : (dir == ImGuiDir_Right) ? r_avoid.Max.x : base_pos_clamped.x;
+            pos.y = (dir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? r_avoid.Min.y - size.y : (dir == ImGuiDir_Down) ? r_avoid.Max.y : base_pos_clamped.y;
+
+            // Clamp top-left corner of popup
+            pos.x = ImMax(pos.x, r_outer.Min.x);
+            pos.y = ImMax(pos.y, r_outer.Min.y);
+
+            *last_dir = dir;
+            return pos;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fallback when not enough room:
+    *last_dir = ImGuiDir_None;
+
+    // For tooltip we prefer avoiding the cursor at all cost even if it means that part of the tooltip won't be visible.
+    if (policy == ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Tooltip)
+        return ref_pos + ImVec2(2, 2);
+
+    // Otherwise try to keep within display
+    ImVec2 pos = ref_pos;
+    pos.x = ImMax(ImMin(pos.x + size.x, r_outer.Max.x) - size.x, r_outer.Min.x);
+    pos.y = ImMax(ImMin(pos.y + size.y, r_outer.Max.y) - size.y, r_outer.Min.y);
+    return pos;
+}
+
+// Note that this is used for popups, which can overlap the non work-area of individual viewports.
+ImRect ImGui::GetPopupAllowedExtentRect(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImRect r_screen;
+    if (window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend >= 0)
+    {
+        // Extent with be in the frame of reference of the given viewport (so Min is likely to be negative here)
+        const ImGuiPlatformMonitor& monitor = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend];
+        r_screen.Min = monitor.WorkPos;
+        r_screen.Max = monitor.WorkPos + monitor.WorkSize;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Use the full viewport area (not work area) for popups
+        r_screen = window->Viewport->GetMainRect();
+    }
+    ImVec2 padding = g.Style.DisplaySafeAreaPadding;
+    r_screen.Expand(ImVec2((r_screen.GetWidth() > padding.x * 2) ? -padding.x : 0.0f, (r_screen.GetHeight() > padding.y * 2) ? -padding.y : 0.0f));
+    return r_screen;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::FindBestWindowPosForPopup(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    ImRect r_outer = GetPopupAllowedExtentRect(window);
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)
+    {
+        // Child menus typically request _any_ position within the parent menu item, and then we move the new menu outside the parent bounds.
+        // This is how we end up with child menus appearing (most-commonly) on the right of the parent menu.
+        ImGuiWindow* parent_window = window->ParentWindow;
+        float horizontal_overlap = g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x; // We want some overlap to convey the relative depth of each menu (currently the amount of overlap is hard-coded to style.ItemSpacing.x).
+        ImRect r_avoid;
+        if (parent_window->DC.MenuBarAppending)
+            r_avoid = ImRect(-FLT_MAX, parent_window->ClipRect.Min.y, FLT_MAX, parent_window->ClipRect.Max.y); // Avoid parent menu-bar. If we wanted multi-line menu-bar, we may instead want to have the calling window setup e.g. a NextWindowData.PosConstraintAvoidRect field
+        else
+            r_avoid = ImRect(parent_window->Pos.x + horizontal_overlap, -FLT_MAX, parent_window->Pos.x + parent_window->Size.x - horizontal_overlap - parent_window->ScrollbarSizes.x, FLT_MAX);
+        return FindBestWindowPosForPopupEx(window->Pos, window->Size, &window->AutoPosLastDirection, r_outer, r_avoid, ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Default);
+    }
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)
+    {
+        return FindBestWindowPosForPopupEx(window->Pos, window->Size, &window->AutoPosLastDirection, r_outer, ImRect(window->Pos, window->Pos), ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Default); // Ideally we'd disable r_avoid here
+    }
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)
+    {
+        // Position tooltip (always follows mouse)
+        float sc = g.Style.MouseCursorScale;
+        ImVec2 ref_pos = NavCalcPreferredRefPos();
+        ImRect r_avoid;
+        if (!g.NavDisableHighlight && g.NavDisableMouseHover && !(g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos))
+            r_avoid = ImRect(ref_pos.x - 16, ref_pos.y - 8, ref_pos.x + 16, ref_pos.y + 8);
+        else
+            r_avoid = ImRect(ref_pos.x - 16, ref_pos.y - 8, ref_pos.x + 24 * sc, ref_pos.y + 24 * sc); // FIXME: Hard-coded based on mouse cursor shape expectation. Exact dimension not very important.
+        return FindBestWindowPosForPopupEx(ref_pos, window->Size, &window->AutoPosLastDirection, r_outer, r_avoid, ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Tooltip);
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return window->Pos;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] KEYBOARD/GAMEPAD NAVIGATION
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// FIXME-NAV: The existence of SetNavID vs SetFocusID vs FocusWindow() needs to be clarified/reworked.
+// In our terminology those should be interchangeable, yet right now this is super confusing.
+// Those two functions are merely a legacy artifact, so at minimum naming should be clarified.
+
+void ImGui::SetNavWindow(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.NavWindow != window)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_FOCUS("[focus] SetNavWindow(\"%s\")\n", window ? window->Name : "<NULL>");
+        g.NavWindow = window;
+    }
+    g.NavInitRequest = g.NavMoveSubmitted = g.NavMoveScoringItems = false;
+    NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetNavID(ImGuiID id, ImGuiNavLayer nav_layer, ImGuiID focus_scope_id, const ImRect& rect_rel)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavWindow != NULL);
+    IM_ASSERT(nav_layer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main || nav_layer == ImGuiNavLayer_Menu);
+    g.NavId = id;
+    g.NavLayer = nav_layer;
+    g.NavFocusScopeId = focus_scope_id;
+    g.NavWindow->NavLastIds[nav_layer] = id;
+    g.NavWindow->NavRectRel[nav_layer] = rect_rel;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetFocusID(ImGuiID id, ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(id != 0);
+
+    if (g.NavWindow != window)
+       SetNavWindow(window);
+
+    // Assume that SetFocusID() is called in the context where its window->DC.NavLayerCurrent and g.CurrentFocusScopeId are valid.
+    // Note that window may be != g.CurrentWindow (e.g. SetFocusID call in InputTextEx for multi-line text)
+    const ImGuiNavLayer nav_layer = window->DC.NavLayerCurrent;
+    g.NavId = id;
+    g.NavLayer = nav_layer;
+    g.NavFocusScopeId = g.CurrentFocusScopeId;
+    window->NavLastIds[nav_layer] = id;
+    if (g.LastItemData.ID == id)
+        window->NavRectRel[nav_layer] = WindowRectAbsToRel(window, g.LastItemData.NavRect);
+
+    if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard || g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+        g.NavDisableMouseHover = true;
+    else
+        g.NavDisableHighlight = true;
+}
+
+ImGuiDir ImGetDirQuadrantFromDelta(float dx, float dy)
+{
+    if (ImFabs(dx) > ImFabs(dy))
+        return (dx > 0.0f) ? ImGuiDir_Right : ImGuiDir_Left;
+    return (dy > 0.0f) ? ImGuiDir_Down : ImGuiDir_Up;
+}
+
+static float inline NavScoreItemDistInterval(float a0, float a1, float b0, float b1)
+{
+    if (a1 < b0)
+        return a1 - b0;
+    if (b1 < a0)
+        return a0 - b1;
+    return 0.0f;
+}
+
+static void inline NavClampRectToVisibleAreaForMoveDir(ImGuiDir move_dir, ImRect& r, const ImRect& clip_rect)
+{
+    if (move_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || move_dir == ImGuiDir_Right)
+    {
+        r.Min.y = ImClamp(r.Min.y, clip_rect.Min.y, clip_rect.Max.y);
+        r.Max.y = ImClamp(r.Max.y, clip_rect.Min.y, clip_rect.Max.y);
+    }
+    else // FIXME: PageUp/PageDown are leaving move_dir == None
+    {
+        r.Min.x = ImClamp(r.Min.x, clip_rect.Min.x, clip_rect.Max.x);
+        r.Max.x = ImClamp(r.Max.x, clip_rect.Min.x, clip_rect.Max.x);
+    }
+}
+
+// Scoring function for gamepad/keyboard directional navigation. Based on https://gist.github.com/rygorous/6981057
+static bool ImGui::NavScoreItem(ImGuiNavItemData* result)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (g.NavLayer != window->DC.NavLayerCurrent)
+        return false;
+
+    // FIXME: Those are not good variables names
+    ImRect cand = g.LastItemData.NavRect;   // Current item nav rectangle
+    const ImRect curr = g.NavScoringRect;   // Current modified source rect (NB: we've applied Max.x = Min.x in NavUpdate() to inhibit the effect of having varied item width)
+    g.NavScoringDebugCount++;
+
+    // When entering through a NavFlattened border, we consider child window items as fully clipped for scoring
+    if (window->ParentWindow == g.NavWindow)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT((window->Flags | g.NavWindow->Flags) & ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened);
+        if (!window->ClipRect.Overlaps(cand))
+            return false;
+        cand.ClipWithFull(window->ClipRect); // This allows the scored item to not overlap other candidates in the parent window
+    }
+
+    // We perform scoring on items bounding box clipped by the current clipping rectangle on the other axis (clipping on our movement axis would give us equal scores for all clipped items)
+    // For example, this ensures that items in one column are not reached when moving vertically from items in another column.
+    NavClampRectToVisibleAreaForMoveDir(g.NavMoveClipDir, cand, window->ClipRect);
+
+    // Compute distance between boxes
+    // FIXME-NAV: Introducing biases for vertical navigation, needs to be removed.
+    float dbx = NavScoreItemDistInterval(cand.Min.x, cand.Max.x, curr.Min.x, curr.Max.x);
+    float dby = NavScoreItemDistInterval(ImLerp(cand.Min.y, cand.Max.y, 0.2f), ImLerp(cand.Min.y, cand.Max.y, 0.8f), ImLerp(curr.Min.y, curr.Max.y, 0.2f), ImLerp(curr.Min.y, curr.Max.y, 0.8f)); // Scale down on Y to keep using box-distance for vertically touching items
+    if (dby != 0.0f && dbx != 0.0f)
+        dbx = (dbx / 1000.0f) + ((dbx > 0.0f) ? +1.0f : -1.0f);
+    float dist_box = ImFabs(dbx) + ImFabs(dby);
+
+    // Compute distance between centers (this is off by a factor of 2, but we only compare center distances with each other so it doesn't matter)
+    float dcx = (cand.Min.x + cand.Max.x) - (curr.Min.x + curr.Max.x);
+    float dcy = (cand.Min.y + cand.Max.y) - (curr.Min.y + curr.Max.y);
+    float dist_center = ImFabs(dcx) + ImFabs(dcy); // L1 metric (need this for our connectedness guarantee)
+
+    // Determine which quadrant of 'curr' our candidate item 'cand' lies in based on distance
+    ImGuiDir quadrant;
+    float dax = 0.0f, day = 0.0f, dist_axial = 0.0f;
+    if (dbx != 0.0f || dby != 0.0f)
+    {
+        // For non-overlapping boxes, use distance between boxes
+        dax = dbx;
+        day = dby;
+        dist_axial = dist_box;
+        quadrant = ImGetDirQuadrantFromDelta(dbx, dby);
+    }
+    else if (dcx != 0.0f || dcy != 0.0f)
+    {
+        // For overlapping boxes with different centers, use distance between centers
+        dax = dcx;
+        day = dcy;
+        dist_axial = dist_center;
+        quadrant = ImGetDirQuadrantFromDelta(dcx, dcy);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Degenerate case: two overlapping buttons with same center, break ties arbitrarily (note that LastItemId here is really the _previous_ item order, but it doesn't matter)
+        quadrant = (g.LastItemData.ID < g.NavId) ? ImGuiDir_Left : ImGuiDir_Right;
+    }
+
+#if IMGUI_DEBUG_NAV_SCORING
+    char buf[128];
+    if (IsMouseHoveringRect(cand.Min, cand.Max))
+    {
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "dbox (%.2f,%.2f->%.4f)\ndcen (%.2f,%.2f->%.4f)\nd (%.2f,%.2f->%.4f)\nnav %c, quadrant %c", dbx, dby, dist_box, dcx, dcy, dist_center, dax, day, dist_axial, "WENS"[g.NavMoveDir], "WENS"[quadrant]);
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(window);
+        draw_list->AddRect(curr.Min, curr.Max, IM_COL32(255,200,0,100));
+        draw_list->AddRect(cand.Min, cand.Max, IM_COL32(255,255,0,200));
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(cand.Max - ImVec2(4, 4), cand.Max + CalcTextSize(buf) + ImVec2(4, 4), IM_COL32(40,0,0,150));
+        draw_list->AddText(cand.Max, ~0U, buf);
+    }
+    else if (g.IO.KeyCtrl) // Hold to preview score in matching quadrant. Press C to rotate.
+    {
+        if (quadrant == g.NavMoveDir)
+        {
+            ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "%.0f/%.0f", dist_box, dist_center);
+            ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(window);
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(cand.Min, cand.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 200));
+            draw_list->AddText(cand.Min, IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 255), buf);
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Is it in the quadrant we're interested in moving to?
+    bool new_best = false;
+    const ImGuiDir move_dir = g.NavMoveDir;
+    if (quadrant == move_dir)
+    {
+        // Does it beat the current best candidate?
+        if (dist_box < result->DistBox)
+        {
+            result->DistBox = dist_box;
+            result->DistCenter = dist_center;
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (dist_box == result->DistBox)
+        {
+            // Try using distance between center points to break ties
+            if (dist_center < result->DistCenter)
+            {
+                result->DistCenter = dist_center;
+                new_best = true;
+            }
+            else if (dist_center == result->DistCenter)
+            {
+                // Still tied! we need to be extra-careful to make sure everything gets linked properly. We consistently break ties by symbolically moving "later" items
+                // (with higher index) to the right/downwards by an infinitesimal amount since we the current "best" button already (so it must have a lower index),
+                // this is fairly easy. This rule ensures that all buttons with dx==dy==0 will end up being linked in order of appearance along the x axis.
+                if (((move_dir == ImGuiDir_Up || move_dir == ImGuiDir_Down) ? dby : dbx) < 0.0f) // moving bj to the right/down decreases distance
+                    new_best = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Axial check: if 'curr' has no link at all in some direction and 'cand' lies roughly in that direction, add a tentative link. This will only be kept if no "real" matches
+    // are found, so it only augments the graph produced by the above method using extra links. (important, since it doesn't guarantee strong connectedness)
+    // This is just to avoid buttons having no links in a particular direction when there's a suitable neighbor. you get good graphs without this too.
+    // 2017/09/29: FIXME: This now currently only enabled inside menu bars, ideally we'd disable it everywhere. Menus in particular need to catch failure. For general navigation it feels awkward.
+    // Disabling it may lead to disconnected graphs when nodes are very spaced out on different axis. Perhaps consider offering this as an option?
+    if (result->DistBox == FLT_MAX && dist_axial < result->DistAxial)  // Check axial match
+        if (g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Menu && !(g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))
+            if ((move_dir == ImGuiDir_Left && dax < 0.0f) || (move_dir == ImGuiDir_Right && dax > 0.0f) || (move_dir == ImGuiDir_Up && day < 0.0f) || (move_dir == ImGuiDir_Down && day > 0.0f))
+            {
+                result->DistAxial = dist_axial;
+                new_best = true;
+            }
+
+    return new_best;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::NavApplyItemToResult(ImGuiNavItemData* result)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    result->Window = window;
+    result->ID = g.LastItemData.ID;
+    result->FocusScopeId = g.CurrentFocusScopeId;
+    result->InFlags = g.LastItemData.InFlags;
+    result->RectRel = WindowRectAbsToRel(window, g.LastItemData.NavRect);
+}
+
+// We get there when either NavId == id, or when g.NavAnyRequest is set (which is updated by NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag above)
+// This is called after LastItemData is set.
+static void ImGui::NavProcessItem()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    const ImGuiID id = g.LastItemData.ID;
+    const ImRect nav_bb = g.LastItemData.NavRect;
+    const ImGuiItemFlags item_flags = g.LastItemData.InFlags;
+
+    // Process Init Request
+    if (g.NavInitRequest && g.NavLayer == window->DC.NavLayerCurrent && (item_flags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) == 0)
+    {
+        // Even if 'ImGuiItemFlags_NoNavDefaultFocus' is on (typically collapse/close button) we record the first ResultId so they can be used as a fallback
+        const bool candidate_for_nav_default_focus = (item_flags & ImGuiItemFlags_NoNavDefaultFocus) == 0;
+        if (candidate_for_nav_default_focus || g.NavInitResultId == 0)
+        {
+            g.NavInitResultId = id;
+            g.NavInitResultRectRel = WindowRectAbsToRel(window, nav_bb);
+        }
+        if (candidate_for_nav_default_focus)
+        {
+            g.NavInitRequest = false; // Found a match, clear request
+            NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process Move Request (scoring for navigation)
+    // FIXME-NAV: Consider policy for double scoring (scoring from NavScoringRect + scoring from a rect wrapped according to current wrapping policy)
+    if (g.NavMoveScoringItems && (item_flags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) == 0)
+    {
+        const bool is_tabbing = (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing) != 0;
+        if (is_tabbing)
+        {
+            NavProcessItemForTabbingRequest(id, item_flags, g.NavMoveFlags);
+        }
+        else if (g.NavId != id || (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId))
+        {
+            ImGuiNavItemData* result = (window == g.NavWindow) ? &g.NavMoveResultLocal : &g.NavMoveResultOther;
+            if (NavScoreItem(result))
+                NavApplyItemToResult(result);
+
+            // Features like PageUp/PageDown need to maintain a separate score for the visible set of items.
+            const float VISIBLE_RATIO = 0.70f;
+            if ((g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AlsoScoreVisibleSet) && window->ClipRect.Overlaps(nav_bb))
+                if (ImClamp(nav_bb.Max.y, window->ClipRect.Min.y, window->ClipRect.Max.y) - ImClamp(nav_bb.Min.y, window->ClipRect.Min.y, window->ClipRect.Max.y) >= (nav_bb.Max.y - nav_bb.Min.y) * VISIBLE_RATIO)
+                    if (NavScoreItem(&g.NavMoveResultLocalVisible))
+                        NavApplyItemToResult(&g.NavMoveResultLocalVisible);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update window-relative bounding box of navigated item
+    if (g.NavId == id)
+    {
+        if (g.NavWindow != window)
+            SetNavWindow(window); // Always refresh g.NavWindow, because some operations such as FocusItem() may not have a window.
+        g.NavLayer = window->DC.NavLayerCurrent;
+        g.NavFocusScopeId = g.CurrentFocusScopeId;
+        g.NavIdIsAlive = true;
+        window->NavRectRel[window->DC.NavLayerCurrent] = WindowRectAbsToRel(window, nav_bb);    // Store item bounding box (relative to window position)
+    }
+}
+
+// Handle "scoring" of an item for a tabbing/focusing request initiated by NavUpdateCreateTabbingRequest().
+// Note that SetKeyboardFocusHere() API calls are considered tabbing requests!
+// - Case 1: no nav/active id:    set result to first eligible item, stop storing.
+// - Case 2: tab forward:         on ref id set counter, on counter elapse store result
+// - Case 3: tab forward wrap:    set result to first eligible item (preemptively), on ref id set counter, on next frame if counter hasn't elapsed store result. // FIXME-TABBING: Could be done as a next-frame forwarded request
+// - Case 4: tab backward:        store all results, on ref id pick prev, stop storing
+// - Case 5: tab backward wrap:   store all results, on ref id if no result keep storing until last // FIXME-TABBING: Could be done as next-frame forwarded requested
+void ImGui::NavProcessItemForTabbingRequest(ImGuiID id, ImGuiItemFlags item_flags, ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    if ((move_flags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_FocusApi) == 0)
+        if (g.NavLayer != g.CurrentWindow->DC.NavLayerCurrent)
+            return;
+
+    // - Can always land on an item when using API call.
+    // - Tabbing with _NavEnableKeyboard (space/enter/arrows): goes through every item.
+    // - Tabbing without _NavEnableKeyboard: goes through inputable items only.
+    bool can_stop;
+    if (move_flags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_FocusApi)
+        can_stop = true;
+    else
+        can_stop = (item_flags & ImGuiItemFlags_NoTabStop) == 0 && ((g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) || (item_flags & ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable));
+
+    // Always store in NavMoveResultLocal (unlike directional request which uses NavMoveResultOther on sibling/flattened windows)
+    ImGuiNavItemData* result = &g.NavMoveResultLocal;
+    if (g.NavTabbingDir == +1)
+    {
+        // Tab Forward or SetKeyboardFocusHere() with >= 0
+        if (can_stop && g.NavTabbingResultFirst.ID == 0)
+            NavApplyItemToResult(&g.NavTabbingResultFirst);
+        if (can_stop && g.NavTabbingCounter > 0 && --g.NavTabbingCounter == 0)
+            NavMoveRequestResolveWithLastItem(result);
+        else if (g.NavId == id)
+            g.NavTabbingCounter = 1;
+    }
+    else if (g.NavTabbingDir == -1)
+    {
+        // Tab Backward
+        if (g.NavId == id)
+        {
+            if (result->ID)
+            {
+                g.NavMoveScoringItems = false;
+                NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+            }
+        }
+        else if (can_stop)
+        {
+            // Keep applying until reaching NavId
+            NavApplyItemToResult(result);
+        }
+    }
+    else if (g.NavTabbingDir == 0)
+    {
+        if (can_stop && g.NavId == id)
+            NavMoveRequestResolveWithLastItem(result);
+        if (can_stop && g.NavTabbingResultFirst.ID == 0) // Tab init
+            NavApplyItemToResult(&g.NavTabbingResultFirst);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ImGui::NavMoveRequestButNoResultYet()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.NavMoveScoringItems && g.NavMoveResultLocal.ID == 0 && g.NavMoveResultOther.ID == 0;
+}
+
+// FIXME: ScoringRect is not set
+void ImGui::NavMoveRequestSubmit(ImGuiDir move_dir, ImGuiDir clip_dir, ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags, ImGuiScrollFlags scroll_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavWindow != NULL);
+
+    if (move_flags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing)
+        move_flags |= ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId;
+
+    g.NavMoveSubmitted = g.NavMoveScoringItems = true;
+    g.NavMoveDir = move_dir;
+    g.NavMoveDirForDebug = move_dir;
+    g.NavMoveClipDir = clip_dir;
+    g.NavMoveFlags = move_flags;
+    g.NavMoveScrollFlags = scroll_flags;
+    g.NavMoveForwardToNextFrame = false;
+    g.NavMoveKeyMods = g.IO.KeyMods;
+    g.NavMoveResultLocal.Clear();
+    g.NavMoveResultLocalVisible.Clear();
+    g.NavMoveResultOther.Clear();
+    g.NavTabbingCounter = 0;
+    g.NavTabbingResultFirst.Clear();
+    NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+}
+
+void ImGui::NavMoveRequestResolveWithLastItem(ImGuiNavItemData* result)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NavMoveScoringItems = false; // Ensure request doesn't need more processing
+    NavApplyItemToResult(result);
+    NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+}
+
+void ImGui::NavMoveRequestCancel()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NavMoveSubmitted = g.NavMoveScoringItems = false;
+    NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+}
+
+// Forward will reuse the move request again on the next frame (generally with modifications done to it)
+void ImGui::NavMoveRequestForward(ImGuiDir move_dir, ImGuiDir clip_dir, ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags, ImGuiScrollFlags scroll_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavMoveForwardToNextFrame == false);
+    NavMoveRequestCancel();
+    g.NavMoveForwardToNextFrame = true;
+    g.NavMoveDir = move_dir;
+    g.NavMoveClipDir = clip_dir;
+    g.NavMoveFlags = move_flags | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Forwarded;
+    g.NavMoveScrollFlags = scroll_flags;
+}
+
+// Navigation wrap-around logic is delayed to the end of the frame because this operation is only valid after entire
+// popup is assembled and in case of appended popups it is not clear which EndPopup() call is final.
+void ImGui::NavMoveRequestTryWrapping(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiNavMoveFlags wrap_flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(wrap_flags != 0); // Call with _WrapX, _WrapY, _LoopX, _LoopY
+    // In theory we should test for NavMoveRequestButNoResultYet() but there's no point doing it, NavEndFrame() will do the same test
+    if (g.NavWindow == window && g.NavMoveScoringItems && g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main)
+        g.NavMoveFlags |= wrap_flags;
+}
+
+// FIXME: This could be replaced by updating a frame number in each window when (window == NavWindow) and (NavLayer == 0).
+// This way we could find the last focused window among our children. It would be much less confusing this way?
+static void ImGui::NavSaveLastChildNavWindowIntoParent(ImGuiWindow* nav_window)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* parent = nav_window;
+    while (parent && parent->RootWindow != parent && (parent->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)) == 0)
+        parent = parent->ParentWindow;
+    if (parent && parent != nav_window)
+        parent->NavLastChildNavWindow = nav_window;
+}
+
+// Restore the last focused child.
+// Call when we are expected to land on the Main Layer (0) after FocusWindow()
+static ImGuiWindow* ImGui::NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    if (window->NavLastChildNavWindow && window->NavLastChildNavWindow->WasActive)
+        return window->NavLastChildNavWindow;
+    if (window->DockNodeAsHost && window->DockNodeAsHost->TabBar)
+        if (ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindMostRecentlySelectedTabForActiveWindow(window->DockNodeAsHost->TabBar))
+            return tab->Window;
+    return window;
+}
+
+void ImGui::NavRestoreLayer(ImGuiNavLayer layer)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (layer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* prev_nav_window = g.NavWindow;
+        g.NavWindow = NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(g.NavWindow);    // FIXME-NAV: Should clear ongoing nav requests?
+        if (prev_nav_window)
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_FOCUS("[focus] NavRestoreLayer: from \"%s\" to SetNavWindow(\"%s\")\n", prev_nav_window->Name, g.NavWindow->Name);
+    }
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow;
+    if (window->NavLastIds[layer] != 0)
+    {
+        SetNavID(window->NavLastIds[layer], layer, 0, window->NavRectRel[layer]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        g.NavLayer = layer;
+        NavInitWindow(window, true);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NavDisableHighlight = false;
+    g.NavDisableMouseHover = g.NavMousePosDirty = true;
+}
+
+static inline void ImGui::NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.NavAnyRequest = g.NavMoveScoringItems || g.NavInitRequest || (IMGUI_DEBUG_NAV_SCORING && g.NavWindow != NULL);
+    if (g.NavAnyRequest)
+        IM_ASSERT(g.NavWindow != NULL);
+}
+
+// This needs to be called before we submit any widget (aka in or before Begin)
+void ImGui::NavInitWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, bool force_reinit)
+{
+    // FIXME: ChildWindow test here is wrong for docking
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(window == g.NavWindow);
+
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs)
+    {
+        g.NavId = 0;
+        g.NavFocusScopeId = window->NavRootFocusScopeId;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    bool init_for_nav = false;
+    if (window == window->RootWindow || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) || (window->NavLastIds[0] == 0) || force_reinit)
+        init_for_nav = true;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavInitRequest: from NavInitWindow(), init_for_nav=%d, window=\"%s\", layer=%d\n", init_for_nav, window->Name, g.NavLayer);
+    if (init_for_nav)
+    {
+        SetNavID(0, g.NavLayer, window->NavRootFocusScopeId, ImRect());
+        g.NavInitRequest = true;
+        g.NavInitRequestFromMove = false;
+        g.NavInitResultId = 0;
+        g.NavInitResultRectRel = ImRect();
+        NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        g.NavId = window->NavLastIds[0];
+        g.NavFocusScopeId = window->NavRootFocusScopeId;
+    }
+}
+
+static ImVec2 ImGui::NavCalcPreferredRefPos()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow;
+    if (g.NavDisableHighlight || !g.NavDisableMouseHover || !window)
+    {
+        // Mouse (we need a fallback in case the mouse becomes invalid after being used)
+        // The +1.0f offset when stored by OpenPopupEx() allows reopening this or another popup (same or another mouse button) while not moving the mouse, it is pretty standard.
+        // In theory we could move that +1.0f offset in OpenPopupEx()
+        ImVec2 p = IsMousePosValid(&g.IO.MousePos) ? g.IO.MousePos : g.MouseLastValidPos;
+        return ImVec2(p.x + 1.0f, p.y);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // When navigation is active and mouse is disabled, pick a position around the bottom left of the currently navigated item
+        // Take account of upcoming scrolling (maybe set mouse pos should be done in EndFrame?)
+        ImRect rect_rel = WindowRectRelToAbs(window, window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer]);
+        if (window->LastFrameActive != g.FrameCount && (window->ScrollTarget.x != FLT_MAX || window->ScrollTarget.y != FLT_MAX))
+        {
+            ImVec2 next_scroll = CalcNextScrollFromScrollTargetAndClamp(window);
+            rect_rel.Translate(window->Scroll - next_scroll);
+        }
+        ImVec2 pos = ImVec2(rect_rel.Min.x + ImMin(g.Style.FramePadding.x * 4, rect_rel.GetWidth()), rect_rel.Max.y - ImMin(g.Style.FramePadding.y, rect_rel.GetHeight()));
+        ImGuiViewport* viewport = window->Viewport;
+        return ImFloor(ImClamp(pos, viewport->Pos, viewport->Pos + viewport->Size)); // ImFloor() is important because non-integer mouse position application in backend might be lossy and result in undesirable non-zero delta.
+    }
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetNavTweakPressedAmount(ImGuiAxis axis)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    float repeat_delay, repeat_rate;
+    GetTypematicRepeatRate(ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavTweak, &repeat_delay, &repeat_rate);
+
+    ImGuiKey key_less, key_more;
+    if (g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+    {
+        key_less = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadLeft : ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadUp;
+        key_more = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadRight : ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadDown;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        key_less = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? ImGuiKey_LeftArrow : ImGuiKey_UpArrow;
+        key_more = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? ImGuiKey_RightArrow : ImGuiKey_DownArrow;
+    }
+    float amount = (float)GetKeyPressedAmount(key_more, repeat_delay, repeat_rate) - (float)GetKeyPressedAmount(key_less, repeat_delay, repeat_rate);
+    if (amount != 0.0f && IsKeyDown(key_less) && IsKeyDown(key_more)) // Cancel when opposite directions are held, regardless of repeat phase
+        amount = 0.0f;
+    return amount;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::NavUpdate()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+
+    io.WantSetMousePos = false;
+    //if (g.NavScoringDebugCount > 0) IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavScoringDebugCount %d for '%s' layer %d (Init:%d, Move:%d)\n", g.NavScoringDebugCount, g.NavWindow ? g.NavWindow->Name : "NULL", g.NavLayer, g.NavInitRequest || g.NavInitResultId != 0, g.NavMoveRequest);
+
+    // Set input source based on which keys are last pressed (as some features differs when used with Gamepad vs Keyboard)
+    // FIXME-NAV: Now that keys are separated maybe we can get rid of NavInputSource?
+    const bool nav_gamepad_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad) != 0 && (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad) != 0;
+    const ImGuiKey nav_gamepad_keys_to_change_source[] = { ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceRight, ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceLeft, ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceUp, ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceDown, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadRight, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadLeft, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadUp, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadDown };
+    if (nav_gamepad_active)
+        for (ImGuiKey key : nav_gamepad_keys_to_change_source)
+            if (IsKeyDown(key))
+                g.NavInputSource = ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad;
+    const bool nav_keyboard_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) != 0;
+    const ImGuiKey nav_keyboard_keys_to_change_source[] = { ImGuiKey_Space, ImGuiKey_Enter, ImGuiKey_Escape, ImGuiKey_RightArrow, ImGuiKey_LeftArrow, ImGuiKey_UpArrow, ImGuiKey_DownArrow };
+    if (nav_keyboard_active)
+        for (ImGuiKey key : nav_keyboard_keys_to_change_source)
+            if (IsKeyDown(key))
+                g.NavInputSource = ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard;
+
+    // Process navigation init request (select first/default focus)
+    if (g.NavInitResultId != 0)
+        NavInitRequestApplyResult();
+    g.NavInitRequest = false;
+    g.NavInitRequestFromMove = false;
+    g.NavInitResultId = 0;
+    g.NavJustMovedToId = 0;
+
+    // Process navigation move request
+    if (g.NavMoveSubmitted)
+        NavMoveRequestApplyResult();
+    g.NavTabbingCounter = 0;
+    g.NavMoveSubmitted = g.NavMoveScoringItems = false;
+
+    // Schedule mouse position update (will be done at the bottom of this function, after 1) processing all move requests and 2) updating scrolling)
+    bool set_mouse_pos = false;
+    if (g.NavMousePosDirty && g.NavIdIsAlive)
+        if (!g.NavDisableHighlight && g.NavDisableMouseHover && g.NavWindow)
+            set_mouse_pos = true;
+    g.NavMousePosDirty = false;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main || g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Menu);
+
+    // Store our return window (for returning from Menu Layer to Main Layer) and clear it as soon as we step back in our own Layer 0
+    if (g.NavWindow)
+        NavSaveLastChildNavWindowIntoParent(g.NavWindow);
+    if (g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow->NavLastChildNavWindow != NULL && g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main)
+        g.NavWindow->NavLastChildNavWindow = NULL;
+
+    // Update CTRL+TAB and Windowing features (hold Square to move/resize/etc.)
+    NavUpdateWindowing();
+
+    // Set output flags for user application
+    io.NavActive = (nav_keyboard_active || nav_gamepad_active) && g.NavWindow && !(g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs);
+    io.NavVisible = (io.NavActive && g.NavId != 0 && !g.NavDisableHighlight) || (g.NavWindowingTarget != NULL);
+
+    // Process NavCancel input (to close a popup, get back to parent, clear focus)
+    NavUpdateCancelRequest();
+
+    // Process manual activation request
+    g.NavActivateId = g.NavActivateDownId = g.NavActivatePressedId = 0;
+    g.NavActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_None;
+    if (g.NavId != 0 && !g.NavDisableHighlight && !g.NavWindowingTarget && g.NavWindow && !(g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs))
+    {
+        const bool activate_down = (nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_Space)) || (nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate));
+        const bool activate_pressed = activate_down && ((nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Space, false)) || (nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate, false)));
+        const bool input_down = (nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_Enter)) || (nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadInput));
+        const bool input_pressed = input_down && ((nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Enter, false)) || (nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadInput, false)));
+        if (g.ActiveId == 0 && activate_pressed)
+        {
+            g.NavActivateId = g.NavId;
+            g.NavActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferTweak;
+        }
+        if ((g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveId == g.NavId) && input_pressed)
+        {
+            g.NavActivateId = g.NavId;
+            g.NavActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput;
+        }
+        if ((g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveId == g.NavId) && (activate_down || input_down))
+            g.NavActivateDownId = g.NavId;
+        if ((g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveId == g.NavId) && (activate_pressed || input_pressed))
+            g.NavActivatePressedId = g.NavId;
+    }
+    if (g.NavWindow && (g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs))
+        g.NavDisableHighlight = true;
+    if (g.NavActivateId != 0)
+        IM_ASSERT(g.NavActivateDownId == g.NavActivateId);
+
+    // Process programmatic activation request
+    // FIXME-NAV: Those should eventually be queued (unlike focus they don't cancel each others)
+    if (g.NavNextActivateId != 0)
+    {
+        g.NavActivateId = g.NavActivateDownId = g.NavActivatePressedId = g.NavNextActivateId;
+        g.NavActivateFlags = g.NavNextActivateFlags;
+    }
+    g.NavNextActivateId = 0;
+
+    // Process move requests
+    NavUpdateCreateMoveRequest();
+    if (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_None)
+        NavUpdateCreateTabbingRequest();
+    NavUpdateAnyRequestFlag();
+    g.NavIdIsAlive = false;
+
+    // Scrolling
+    if (g.NavWindow && !(g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs) && !g.NavWindowingTarget)
+    {
+        // *Fallback* manual-scroll with Nav directional keys when window has no navigable item
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow;
+        const float scroll_speed = IM_ROUND(window->CalcFontSize() * 100 * io.DeltaTime); // We need round the scrolling speed because sub-pixel scroll isn't reliably supported.
+        const ImGuiDir move_dir = g.NavMoveDir;
+        if (window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask == 0x00 && window->DC.NavHasScroll && move_dir != ImGuiDir_None)
+        {
+            if (move_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || move_dir == ImGuiDir_Right)
+                SetScrollX(window, ImFloor(window->Scroll.x + ((move_dir == ImGuiDir_Left) ? -1.0f : +1.0f) * scroll_speed));
+            if (move_dir == ImGuiDir_Up || move_dir == ImGuiDir_Down)
+                SetScrollY(window, ImFloor(window->Scroll.y + ((move_dir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? -1.0f : +1.0f) * scroll_speed));
+        }
+
+        // *Normal* Manual scroll with LStick
+        // Next movement request will clamp the NavId reference rectangle to the visible area, so navigation will resume within those bounds.
+        if (nav_gamepad_active)
+        {
+            const ImVec2 scroll_dir = GetKeyMagnitude2d(ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickLeft, ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickRight, ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickUp, ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickDown);
+            const float tweak_factor = IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakSlow) ? 1.0f / 10.0f : IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakFast) ? 10.0f : 1.0f;
+            if (scroll_dir.x != 0.0f && window->ScrollbarX)
+                SetScrollX(window, ImFloor(window->Scroll.x + scroll_dir.x * scroll_speed * tweak_factor));
+            if (scroll_dir.y != 0.0f)
+                SetScrollY(window, ImFloor(window->Scroll.y + scroll_dir.y * scroll_speed * tweak_factor));
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Always prioritize mouse highlight if navigation is disabled
+    if (!nav_keyboard_active && !nav_gamepad_active)
+    {
+        g.NavDisableHighlight = true;
+        g.NavDisableMouseHover = set_mouse_pos = false;
+    }
+
+    // Update mouse position if requested
+    // (This will take into account the possibility that a Scroll was queued in the window to offset our absolute mouse position before scroll has been applied)
+    if (set_mouse_pos && (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos) && (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasSetMousePos))
+    {
+        io.MousePos = io.MousePosPrev = NavCalcPreferredRefPos();
+        io.WantSetMousePos = true;
+        //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO("SetMousePos: (%.1f,%.1f)\n", io.MousePos.x, io.MousePos.y);
+    }
+
+    // [DEBUG]
+    g.NavScoringDebugCount = 0;
+#if IMGUI_DEBUG_NAV_RECTS
+    if (g.NavWindow)
+    {
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(g.NavWindow);
+        if (1) { for (int layer = 0; layer < 2; layer++) { ImRect r = WindowRectRelToAbs(g.NavWindow, g.NavWindow->NavRectRel[layer]); draw_list->AddRect(r.Min, r.Max, IM_COL32(255,200,0,255)); } } // [DEBUG]
+        if (1) { ImU32 col = (!g.NavWindow->Hidden) ? IM_COL32(255,0,255,255) : IM_COL32(255,0,0,255); ImVec2 p = NavCalcPreferredRefPos(); char buf[32]; ImFormatString(buf, 32, "%d", g.NavLayer); draw_list->AddCircleFilled(p, 3.0f, col); draw_list->AddText(NULL, 13.0f, p + ImVec2(8,-4), col, buf); }
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+void ImGui::NavInitRequestApplyResult()
+{
+    // In very rare cases g.NavWindow may be null (e.g. clearing focus after requesting an init request, which does happen when releasing Alt while clicking on void)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!g.NavWindow)
+        return;
+
+    // Apply result from previous navigation init request (will typically select the first item, unless SetItemDefaultFocus() has been called)
+    // FIXME-NAV: On _NavFlattened windows, g.NavWindow will only be updated during subsequent frame. Not a problem currently.
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavInitRequest: ApplyResult: NavID 0x%08X in Layer %d Window \"%s\"\n", g.NavInitResultId, g.NavLayer, g.NavWindow->Name);
+    SetNavID(g.NavInitResultId, g.NavLayer, 0, g.NavInitResultRectRel);
+    g.NavIdIsAlive = true; // Mark as alive from previous frame as we got a result
+    if (g.NavInitRequestFromMove)
+        NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+}
+
+void ImGui::NavUpdateCreateMoveRequest()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow;
+    const bool nav_gamepad_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad) != 0 && (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad) != 0;
+    const bool nav_keyboard_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) != 0;
+
+    if (g.NavMoveForwardToNextFrame && window != NULL)
+    {
+        // Forwarding previous request (which has been modified, e.g. wrap around menus rewrite the requests with a starting rectangle at the other side of the window)
+        // (preserve most state, which were already set by the NavMoveRequestForward() function)
+        IM_ASSERT(g.NavMoveDir != ImGuiDir_None && g.NavMoveClipDir != ImGuiDir_None);
+        IM_ASSERT(g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Forwarded);
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavMoveRequestForward %d\n", g.NavMoveDir);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Initiate directional inputs request
+        g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_None;
+        g.NavMoveFlags = ImGuiNavMoveFlags_None;
+        g.NavMoveScrollFlags = ImGuiScrollFlags_None;
+        if (window && !g.NavWindowingTarget && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs))
+        {
+            const ImGuiInputFlags repeat_mode = ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat | (ImGuiInputFlags)ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavMove;
+            if (!IsActiveIdUsingNavDir(ImGuiDir_Left)  && ((nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadLeft,  ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)) || (nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_LeftArrow,  ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)))) { g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Left; }
+            if (!IsActiveIdUsingNavDir(ImGuiDir_Right) && ((nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadRight, ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)) || (nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_RightArrow, ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)))) { g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Right; }
+            if (!IsActiveIdUsingNavDir(ImGuiDir_Up)    && ((nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadUp,    ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)) || (nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_UpArrow,    ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)))) { g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Up; }
+            if (!IsActiveIdUsingNavDir(ImGuiDir_Down)  && ((nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadDown,  ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)) || (nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_DownArrow,  ImGuiKeyOwner_None, repeat_mode)))) { g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Down; }
+        }
+        g.NavMoveClipDir = g.NavMoveDir;
+        g.NavScoringNoClipRect = ImRect(+FLT_MAX, +FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    }
+
+    // Update PageUp/PageDown/Home/End scroll
+    // FIXME-NAV: Consider enabling those keys even without the master ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard flag?
+    float scoring_rect_offset_y = 0.0f;
+    if (window && g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_None && nav_keyboard_active)
+        scoring_rect_offset_y = NavUpdatePageUpPageDown();
+    if (scoring_rect_offset_y != 0.0f)
+    {
+        g.NavScoringNoClipRect = window->InnerRect;
+        g.NavScoringNoClipRect.TranslateY(scoring_rect_offset_y);
+    }
+
+    // [DEBUG] Always send a request
+#if IMGUI_DEBUG_NAV_SCORING
+    if (io.KeyCtrl && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_C))
+        g.NavMoveDirForDebug = (ImGuiDir)((g.NavMoveDirForDebug + 1) & 3);
+    if (io.KeyCtrl && g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_None)
+    {
+        g.NavMoveDir = g.NavMoveDirForDebug;
+        g.NavMoveFlags |= ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DebugNoResult;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Submit
+    g.NavMoveForwardToNextFrame = false;
+    if (g.NavMoveDir != ImGuiDir_None)
+        NavMoveRequestSubmit(g.NavMoveDir, g.NavMoveClipDir, g.NavMoveFlags, g.NavMoveScrollFlags);
+
+    // Moving with no reference triggers an init request (will be used as a fallback if the direction fails to find a match)
+    if (g.NavMoveSubmitted && g.NavId == 0)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavInitRequest: from move, window \"%s\", layer=%d\n", window ? window->Name : "<NULL>", g.NavLayer);
+        g.NavInitRequest = g.NavInitRequestFromMove = true;
+        g.NavInitResultId = 0;
+        g.NavDisableHighlight = false;
+    }
+
+    // When using gamepad, we project the reference nav bounding box into window visible area.
+    // This is to allow resuming navigation inside the visible area after doing a large amount of scrolling,
+    // since with gamepad all movements are relative (can't focus a visible object like we can with the mouse).
+    if (g.NavMoveSubmitted && g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad && g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main && window != NULL)// && (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Forwarded))
+    {
+        bool clamp_x = (g.NavMoveFlags & (ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopX | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapX)) == 0;
+        bool clamp_y = (g.NavMoveFlags & (ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopY | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapY)) == 0;
+        ImRect inner_rect_rel = WindowRectAbsToRel(window, ImRect(window->InnerRect.Min - ImVec2(1, 1), window->InnerRect.Max + ImVec2(1, 1)));
+
+        // Take account of changing scroll to handle triggering a new move request on a scrolling frame. (#6171)
+        // Otherwise 'inner_rect_rel' would be off on the move result frame.
+        inner_rect_rel.Translate(CalcNextScrollFromScrollTargetAndClamp(window) - window->Scroll);
+
+        if ((clamp_x || clamp_y) && !inner_rect_rel.Contains(window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer]))
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavMoveRequest: clamp NavRectRel for gamepad move\n");
+            float pad_x = ImMin(inner_rect_rel.GetWidth(), window->CalcFontSize() * 0.5f);
+            float pad_y = ImMin(inner_rect_rel.GetHeight(), window->CalcFontSize() * 0.5f); // Terrible approximation for the intent of starting navigation from first fully visible item
+            inner_rect_rel.Min.x = clamp_x ? (inner_rect_rel.Min.x + pad_x) : -FLT_MAX;
+            inner_rect_rel.Max.x = clamp_x ? (inner_rect_rel.Max.x - pad_x) : +FLT_MAX;
+            inner_rect_rel.Min.y = clamp_y ? (inner_rect_rel.Min.y + pad_y) : -FLT_MAX;
+            inner_rect_rel.Max.y = clamp_y ? (inner_rect_rel.Max.y - pad_y) : +FLT_MAX;
+            window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer].ClipWithFull(inner_rect_rel);
+            g.NavId = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // For scoring we use a single segment on the left side our current item bounding box (not touching the edge to avoid box overlap with zero-spaced items)
+    ImRect scoring_rect;
+    if (window != NULL)
+    {
+        ImRect nav_rect_rel = !window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer].IsInverted() ? window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer] : ImRect(0, 0, 0, 0);
+        scoring_rect = WindowRectRelToAbs(window, nav_rect_rel);
+        scoring_rect.TranslateY(scoring_rect_offset_y);
+        scoring_rect.Min.x = ImMin(scoring_rect.Min.x + 1.0f, scoring_rect.Max.x);
+        scoring_rect.Max.x = scoring_rect.Min.x;
+        IM_ASSERT(!scoring_rect.IsInverted()); // Ensure if we have a finite, non-inverted bounding box here will allow us to remove extraneous ImFabs() calls in NavScoreItem().
+        //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(scoring_rect.Min, scoring_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255,200,0,255)); // [DEBUG]
+        //if (!g.NavScoringNoClipRect.IsInverted()) { GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(g.NavScoringNoClipRect.Min, g.NavScoringNoClipRect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 200, 0, 255)); } // [DEBUG]
+    }
+    g.NavScoringRect = scoring_rect;
+    g.NavScoringNoClipRect.Add(scoring_rect);
+}
+
+void ImGui::NavUpdateCreateTabbingRequest()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_None);
+    if (window == NULL || g.NavWindowingTarget != NULL || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs))
+        return;
+
+    const bool tab_pressed = IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Tab, ImGuiKeyOwner_None, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat) && !g.IO.KeyCtrl && !g.IO.KeyAlt;
+    if (!tab_pressed)
+        return;
+
+    // Initiate tabbing request
+    // (this is ALWAYS ENABLED, regardless of ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard flag!)
+    // Initially this was designed to use counters and modulo arithmetic, but that could not work with unsubmitted items (list clipper). Instead we use a strategy close to other move requests.
+    // See NavProcessItemForTabbingRequest() for a description of the various forward/backward tabbing cases with and without wrapping.
+    const bool nav_keyboard_active = (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) != 0;
+    if (nav_keyboard_active)
+        g.NavTabbingDir = g.IO.KeyShift ? -1 : (g.NavDisableHighlight == true && g.ActiveId == 0) ? 0 : +1;
+    else
+        g.NavTabbingDir = g.IO.KeyShift ? -1 : (g.ActiveId == 0) ? 0 : +1;
+    ImGuiScrollFlags scroll_flags = window->Appearing ? ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX | ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterY : ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY;
+    ImGuiDir clip_dir = (g.NavTabbingDir < 0) ? ImGuiDir_Up : ImGuiDir_Down;
+    NavMoveRequestSubmit(ImGuiDir_None, clip_dir, ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing, scroll_flags); // FIXME-NAV: Once we refactor tabbing, add LegacyApi flag to not activate non-inputable.
+    g.NavTabbingCounter = -1;
+}
+
+// Apply result from previous frame navigation directional move request. Always called from NavUpdate()
+void ImGui::NavMoveRequestApplyResult()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+#if IMGUI_DEBUG_NAV_SCORING
+    if (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DebugNoResult) // [DEBUG] Scoring all items in NavWindow at all times
+        return;
+#endif
+
+    // Select which result to use
+    ImGuiNavItemData* result = (g.NavMoveResultLocal.ID != 0) ? &g.NavMoveResultLocal : (g.NavMoveResultOther.ID != 0) ? &g.NavMoveResultOther : NULL;
+
+    // Tabbing forward wrap
+    if ((g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing) && result == NULL)
+        if ((g.NavTabbingCounter == 1 || g.NavTabbingDir == 0) && g.NavTabbingResultFirst.ID)
+            result = &g.NavTabbingResultFirst;
+
+    // In a situation when there are no results but NavId != 0, re-enable the Navigation highlight (because g.NavId is not considered as a possible result)
+    if (result == NULL)
+    {
+        if (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing)
+            g.NavMoveFlags |= ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DontSetNavHighlight;
+        if (g.NavId != 0 && (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DontSetNavHighlight) == 0)
+            NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // PageUp/PageDown behavior first jumps to the bottom/top mostly visible item, _otherwise_ use the result from the previous/next page.
+    if (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AlsoScoreVisibleSet)
+        if (g.NavMoveResultLocalVisible.ID != 0 && g.NavMoveResultLocalVisible.ID != g.NavId)
+            result = &g.NavMoveResultLocalVisible;
+
+    // Maybe entering a flattened child from the outside? In this case solve the tie using the regular scoring rules.
+    if (result != &g.NavMoveResultOther && g.NavMoveResultOther.ID != 0 && g.NavMoveResultOther.Window->ParentWindow == g.NavWindow)
+        if ((g.NavMoveResultOther.DistBox < result->DistBox) || (g.NavMoveResultOther.DistBox == result->DistBox && g.NavMoveResultOther.DistCenter < result->DistCenter))
+            result = &g.NavMoveResultOther;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavWindow && result->Window);
+
+    // Scroll to keep newly navigated item fully into view.
+    if (g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main)
+    {
+        if (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_ScrollToEdgeY)
+        {
+            // FIXME: Should remove this
+            float scroll_target = (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? result->Window->ScrollMax.y : 0.0f;
+            SetScrollY(result->Window, scroll_target);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ImRect rect_abs = WindowRectRelToAbs(result->Window, result->RectRel);
+            ScrollToRectEx(result->Window, rect_abs, g.NavMoveScrollFlags);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (g.NavWindow != result->Window)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_FOCUS("[focus] NavMoveRequest: SetNavWindow(\"%s\")\n", result->Window->Name);
+        g.NavWindow = result->Window;
+    }
+    if (g.ActiveId != result->ID)
+        ClearActiveID();
+    if (g.NavId != result->ID)
+    {
+        // Don't set NavJustMovedToId if just landed on the same spot (which may happen with ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId)
+        g.NavJustMovedToId = result->ID;
+        g.NavJustMovedToFocusScopeId = result->FocusScopeId;
+        g.NavJustMovedToKeyMods = g.NavMoveKeyMods;
+    }
+
+    // Focus
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavMoveRequest: result NavID 0x%08X in Layer %d Window \"%s\"\n", result->ID, g.NavLayer, g.NavWindow->Name);
+    SetNavID(result->ID, g.NavLayer, result->FocusScopeId, result->RectRel);
+
+    // Tabbing: Activates Inputable or Focus non-Inputable
+    if ((g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing) && (result->InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable))
+    {
+        g.NavNextActivateId = result->ID;
+        g.NavNextActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput | ImGuiActivateFlags_TryToPreserveState;
+        g.NavMoveFlags |= ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DontSetNavHighlight;
+    }
+
+    // Activate
+    if (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Activate)
+    {
+        g.NavNextActivateId = result->ID;
+        g.NavNextActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_None;
+    }
+
+    // Enable nav highlight
+    if ((g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DontSetNavHighlight) == 0)
+        NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+}
+
+// Process NavCancel input (to close a popup, get back to parent, clear focus)
+// FIXME: In order to support e.g. Escape to clear a selection we'll need:
+// - either to store the equivalent of ActiveIdUsingKeyInputMask for a FocusScope and test for it.
+// - either to move most/all of those tests to the epilogue/end functions of the scope they are dealing with (e.g. exit child window in EndChild()) or in EndFrame(), to allow an earlier intercept
+static void ImGui::NavUpdateCancelRequest()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const bool nav_gamepad_active = (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad) != 0 && (g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad) != 0;
+    const bool nav_keyboard_active = (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) != 0;
+    if (!(nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Escape, ImGuiKeyOwner_None)) && !(nav_gamepad_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadCancel, ImGuiKeyOwner_None)))
+        return;
+
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV("[nav] NavUpdateCancelRequest()\n");
+    if (g.ActiveId != 0)
+    {
+        ClearActiveID();
+    }
+    else if (g.NavLayer != ImGuiNavLayer_Main)
+    {
+        // Leave the "menu" layer
+        NavRestoreLayer(ImGuiNavLayer_Main);
+        NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+    }
+    else if (g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow != g.NavWindow->RootWindow && !(g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && g.NavWindow->ParentWindow)
+    {
+        // Exit child window
+        ImGuiWindow* child_window = g.NavWindow;
+        ImGuiWindow* parent_window = g.NavWindow->ParentWindow;
+        IM_ASSERT(child_window->ChildId != 0);
+        ImRect child_rect = child_window->Rect();
+        FocusWindow(parent_window);
+        SetNavID(child_window->ChildId, ImGuiNavLayer_Main, 0, WindowRectAbsToRel(parent_window, child_rect));
+        NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+    }
+    else if (g.OpenPopupStack.Size > 0 && g.OpenPopupStack.back().Window != NULL && !(g.OpenPopupStack.back().Window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal))
+    {
+        // Close open popup/menu
+        ClosePopupToLevel(g.OpenPopupStack.Size - 1, true);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Clear NavLastId for popups but keep it for regular child window so we can leave one and come back where we were
+        if (g.NavWindow && ((g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) || !(g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)))
+            g.NavWindow->NavLastIds[0] = 0;
+        g.NavId = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+// Handle PageUp/PageDown/Home/End keys
+// Called from NavUpdateCreateMoveRequest() which will use our output to create a move request
+// FIXME-NAV: This doesn't work properly with NavFlattened siblings as we use NavWindow rectangle for reference
+// FIXME-NAV: how to get Home/End to aim at the beginning/end of a 2D grid?
+static float ImGui::NavUpdatePageUpPageDown()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow;
+    if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs) || g.NavWindowingTarget != NULL)
+        return 0.0f;
+
+    const bool page_up_held = IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_PageUp, ImGuiKeyOwner_None);
+    const bool page_down_held = IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_PageDown, ImGuiKeyOwner_None);
+    const bool home_pressed = IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Home, ImGuiKeyOwner_None, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat);
+    const bool end_pressed = IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_End, ImGuiKeyOwner_None, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat);
+    if (page_up_held == page_down_held && home_pressed == end_pressed) // Proceed if either (not both) are pressed, otherwise early out
+        return 0.0f;
+
+    if (g.NavLayer != ImGuiNavLayer_Main)
+        NavRestoreLayer(ImGuiNavLayer_Main);
+
+    if (window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask == 0x00 && window->DC.NavHasScroll)
+    {
+        // Fallback manual-scroll when window has no navigable item
+        if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_PageUp, ImGuiKeyOwner_None, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat))
+            SetScrollY(window, window->Scroll.y - window->InnerRect.GetHeight());
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_PageDown, ImGuiKeyOwner_None, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat))
+            SetScrollY(window, window->Scroll.y + window->InnerRect.GetHeight());
+        else if (home_pressed)
+            SetScrollY(window, 0.0f);
+        else if (end_pressed)
+            SetScrollY(window, window->ScrollMax.y);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ImRect& nav_rect_rel = window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer];
+        const float page_offset_y = ImMax(0.0f, window->InnerRect.GetHeight() - window->CalcFontSize() * 1.0f + nav_rect_rel.GetHeight());
+        float nav_scoring_rect_offset_y = 0.0f;
+        if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_PageUp, true))
+        {
+            nav_scoring_rect_offset_y = -page_offset_y;
+            g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Down; // Because our scoring rect is offset up, we request the down direction (so we can always land on the last item)
+            g.NavMoveClipDir = ImGuiDir_Up;
+            g.NavMoveFlags = ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AlsoScoreVisibleSet;
+        }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_PageDown, true))
+        {
+            nav_scoring_rect_offset_y = +page_offset_y;
+            g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Up; // Because our scoring rect is offset down, we request the up direction (so we can always land on the last item)
+            g.NavMoveClipDir = ImGuiDir_Down;
+            g.NavMoveFlags = ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AlsoScoreVisibleSet;
+        }
+        else if (home_pressed)
+        {
+            // FIXME-NAV: handling of Home/End is assuming that the top/bottom most item will be visible with Scroll.y == 0/ScrollMax.y
+            // Scrolling will be handled via the ImGuiNavMoveFlags_ScrollToEdgeY flag, we don't scroll immediately to avoid scrolling happening before nav result.
+            // Preserve current horizontal position if we have any.
+            nav_rect_rel.Min.y = nav_rect_rel.Max.y = 0.0f;
+            if (nav_rect_rel.IsInverted())
+                nav_rect_rel.Min.x = nav_rect_rel.Max.x = 0.0f;
+            g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Down;
+            g.NavMoveFlags = ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_ScrollToEdgeY;
+            // FIXME-NAV: MoveClipDir left to _None, intentional?
+        }
+        else if (end_pressed)
+        {
+            nav_rect_rel.Min.y = nav_rect_rel.Max.y = window->ContentSize.y;
+            if (nav_rect_rel.IsInverted())
+                nav_rect_rel.Min.x = nav_rect_rel.Max.x = 0.0f;
+            g.NavMoveDir = ImGuiDir_Up;
+            g.NavMoveFlags = ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_ScrollToEdgeY;
+            // FIXME-NAV: MoveClipDir left to _None, intentional?
+        }
+        return nav_scoring_rect_offset_y;
+    }
+    return 0.0f;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::NavEndFrame()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Show CTRL+TAB list window
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget != NULL)
+        NavUpdateWindowingOverlay();
+
+    // Perform wrap-around in menus
+    // FIXME-NAV: Wrap may need to apply a weight bias on the other axis. e.g. 4x4 grid with 2 last items missing on last item won't handle LoopY/WrapY correctly.
+    // FIXME-NAV: Wrap (not Loop) support could be handled by the scoring function and then WrapX would function without an extra frame.
+    const ImGuiNavMoveFlags wanted_flags = ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapX | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopX | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapY | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopY;
+    if (g.NavWindow && NavMoveRequestButNoResultYet() && (g.NavMoveFlags & wanted_flags) && (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Forwarded) == 0)
+        NavUpdateCreateWrappingRequest();
+}
+
+static void ImGui::NavUpdateCreateWrappingRequest()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow;
+
+    bool do_forward = false;
+    ImRect bb_rel = window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer];
+    ImGuiDir clip_dir = g.NavMoveDir;
+    const ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags = g.NavMoveFlags;
+    if (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Left && (move_flags & (ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapX | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopX)))
+    {
+        bb_rel.Min.x = bb_rel.Max.x = window->ContentSize.x + window->WindowPadding.x;
+        if (move_flags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapX)
+        {
+            bb_rel.TranslateY(-bb_rel.GetHeight()); // Previous row
+            clip_dir = ImGuiDir_Up;
+        }
+        do_forward = true;
+    }
+    if (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Right && (move_flags & (ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapX | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopX)))
+    {
+        bb_rel.Min.x = bb_rel.Max.x = -window->WindowPadding.x;
+        if (move_flags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapX)
+        {
+            bb_rel.TranslateY(+bb_rel.GetHeight()); // Next row
+            clip_dir = ImGuiDir_Down;
+        }
+        do_forward = true;
+    }
+    if (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Up && (move_flags & (ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapY | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopY)))
+    {
+        bb_rel.Min.y = bb_rel.Max.y = window->ContentSize.y + window->WindowPadding.y;
+        if (move_flags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapY)
+        {
+            bb_rel.TranslateX(-bb_rel.GetWidth()); // Previous column
+            clip_dir = ImGuiDir_Left;
+        }
+        do_forward = true;
+    }
+    if (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Down && (move_flags & (ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapY | ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopY)))
+    {
+        bb_rel.Min.y = bb_rel.Max.y = -window->WindowPadding.y;
+        if (move_flags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapY)
+        {
+            bb_rel.TranslateX(+bb_rel.GetWidth()); // Next column
+            clip_dir = ImGuiDir_Right;
+        }
+        do_forward = true;
+    }
+    if (!do_forward)
+        return;
+    window->NavRectRel[g.NavLayer] = bb_rel;
+    NavMoveRequestForward(g.NavMoveDir, clip_dir, move_flags, g.NavMoveScrollFlags);
+}
+
+static int ImGui::FindWindowFocusIndex(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_UNUSED(g);
+    int order = window->FocusOrder;
+    IM_ASSERT(window->RootWindow == window); // No child window (not testing _ChildWindow because of docking)
+    IM_ASSERT(g.WindowsFocusOrder[order] == window);
+    return order;
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* FindWindowNavFocusable(int i_start, int i_stop, int dir) // FIXME-OPT O(N)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int i = i_start; i >= 0 && i < g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size && i != i_stop; i += dir)
+        if (ImGui::IsWindowNavFocusable(g.WindowsFocusOrder[i]))
+            return g.WindowsFocusOrder[i];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+static void NavUpdateWindowingHighlightWindow(int focus_change_dir)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavWindowingTarget);
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)
+        return;
+
+    const int i_current = ImGui::FindWindowFocusIndex(g.NavWindowingTarget);
+    ImGuiWindow* window_target = FindWindowNavFocusable(i_current + focus_change_dir, -INT_MAX, focus_change_dir);
+    if (!window_target)
+        window_target = FindWindowNavFocusable((focus_change_dir < 0) ? (g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size - 1) : 0, i_current, focus_change_dir);
+    if (window_target) // Don't reset windowing target if there's a single window in the list
+    {
+        g.NavWindowingTarget = g.NavWindowingTargetAnim = window_target;
+        g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaPos = g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    }
+    g.NavWindowingToggleLayer = false;
+}
+
+// Windowing management mode
+// Keyboard: CTRL+Tab (change focus/move/resize), Alt (toggle menu layer)
+// Gamepad:  Hold Menu/Square (change focus/move/resize), Tap Menu/Square (toggle menu layer)
+static void ImGui::NavUpdateWindowing()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* apply_focus_window = NULL;
+    bool apply_toggle_layer = false;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* modal_window = GetTopMostPopupModal();
+    bool allow_windowing = (modal_window == NULL);
+    if (!allow_windowing)
+        g.NavWindowingTarget = NULL;
+
+    // Fade out
+    if (g.NavWindowingTargetAnim && g.NavWindowingTarget == NULL)
+    {
+        g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha = ImMax(g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha - io.DeltaTime * 10.0f, 0.0f);
+        if (g.DimBgRatio <= 0.0f && g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha <= 0.0f)
+            g.NavWindowingTargetAnim = NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Start CTRL+Tab or Square+L/R window selection
+    const ImGuiID owner_id = ImHashStr("###NavUpdateWindowing");
+    const bool nav_gamepad_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad) != 0 && (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad) != 0;
+    const bool nav_keyboard_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard) != 0;
+    const bool keyboard_next_window = allow_windowing && g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyNext && Shortcut(g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyNext, owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteAlways);
+    const bool keyboard_prev_window = allow_windowing && g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyPrev && Shortcut(g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyPrev, owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteAlways);
+    const bool start_windowing_with_gamepad = allow_windowing && nav_gamepad_active && !g.NavWindowingTarget && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadMenu, 0, ImGuiInputFlags_None);
+    const bool start_windowing_with_keyboard = allow_windowing && !g.NavWindowingTarget && (keyboard_next_window || keyboard_prev_window); // Note: enabled even without NavEnableKeyboard!
+    if (start_windowing_with_gamepad || start_windowing_with_keyboard)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* window = g.NavWindow ? g.NavWindow : FindWindowNavFocusable(g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size - 1, -INT_MAX, -1))
+        {
+            g.NavWindowingTarget = g.NavWindowingTargetAnim = window->RootWindow;
+            g.NavWindowingTimer = g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha = 0.0f;
+            g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaPos = g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+            g.NavWindowingToggleLayer = start_windowing_with_gamepad ? true : false; // Gamepad starts toggling layer
+            g.NavInputSource = start_windowing_with_keyboard ? ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard : ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad;
+
+            // Register ownership of our mods. Using ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalHigh in the Shortcut() calls instead would probably be correct but may have more side-effects.
+            if (keyboard_next_window || keyboard_prev_window)
+                SetKeyOwnersForKeyChord((g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyNext | g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyPrev) & ImGuiMod_Mask_, owner_id);
+        }
+
+    // Gamepad update
+    g.NavWindowingTimer += io.DeltaTime;
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget && g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+    {
+        // Highlight only appears after a brief time holding the button, so that a fast tap on PadMenu (to toggle NavLayer) doesn't add visual noise
+        g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha = ImMax(g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha, ImSaturate((g.NavWindowingTimer - NAV_WINDOWING_HIGHLIGHT_DELAY) / 0.05f));
+
+        // Select window to focus
+        const int focus_change_dir = (int)IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_GamepadL1) - (int)IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_GamepadR1);
+        if (focus_change_dir != 0)
+        {
+            NavUpdateWindowingHighlightWindow(focus_change_dir);
+            g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha = 1.0f;
+        }
+
+        // Single press toggles NavLayer, long press with L/R apply actual focus on release (until then the window was merely rendered top-most)
+        if (!IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadMenu))
+        {
+            g.NavWindowingToggleLayer &= (g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha < 1.0f); // Once button was held long enough we don't consider it a tap-to-toggle-layer press anymore.
+            if (g.NavWindowingToggleLayer && g.NavWindow)
+                apply_toggle_layer = true;
+            else if (!g.NavWindowingToggleLayer)
+                apply_focus_window = g.NavWindowingTarget;
+            g.NavWindowingTarget = NULL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Keyboard: Focus
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget && g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard)
+    {
+        // Visuals only appears after a brief time after pressing TAB the first time, so that a fast CTRL+TAB doesn't add visual noise
+        ImGuiKeyChord shared_mods = ((g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyNext ? g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyNext : ImGuiMod_Mask_) & (g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyPrev ? g.ConfigNavWindowingKeyPrev : ImGuiMod_Mask_)) & ImGuiMod_Mask_;
+        IM_ASSERT(shared_mods != 0); // Next/Prev shortcut currently needs a shared modifier to "hold", otherwise Prev actions would keep cycling between two windows.
+        g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha = ImMax(g.NavWindowingHighlightAlpha, ImSaturate((g.NavWindowingTimer - NAV_WINDOWING_HIGHLIGHT_DELAY) / 0.05f)); // 1.0f
+        if (keyboard_next_window || keyboard_prev_window)
+            NavUpdateWindowingHighlightWindow(keyboard_next_window ? -1 : +1);
+        else if ((io.KeyMods & shared_mods) != shared_mods)
+            apply_focus_window = g.NavWindowingTarget;
+    }
+
+    // Keyboard: Press and Release ALT to toggle menu layer
+    // - Testing that only Alt is tested prevents Alt+Shift or AltGR from toggling menu layer.
+    // - AltGR is normally Alt+Ctrl but we can't reliably detect it (not all backends/systems/layout emit it as Alt+Ctrl). But even on keyboards without AltGR we don't want Alt+Ctrl to open menu anyway.
+    if (nav_keyboard_active && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiMod_Alt, ImGuiKeyOwner_None))
+    {
+        g.NavWindowingToggleLayer = true;
+        g.NavInputSource = ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard;
+    }
+    if (g.NavWindowingToggleLayer && g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard)
+    {
+        // We cancel toggling nav layer when any text has been typed (generally while holding Alt). (See #370)
+        // We cancel toggling nav layer when other modifiers are pressed. (See #4439)
+        // We cancel toggling nav layer if an owner has claimed the key.
+        if (io.InputQueueCharacters.Size > 0 || io.KeyCtrl || io.KeyShift || io.KeySuper || TestKeyOwner(ImGuiMod_Alt, ImGuiKeyOwner_None) == false)
+            g.NavWindowingToggleLayer = false;
+
+        // Apply layer toggle on release
+        // Important: as before version <18314 we lacked an explicit IO event for focus gain/loss, we also compare mouse validity to detect old backends clearing mouse pos on focus loss.
+        if (IsKeyReleased(ImGuiMod_Alt) && g.NavWindowingToggleLayer)
+            if (g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap)
+                if (IsMousePosValid(&io.MousePos) == IsMousePosValid(&io.MousePosPrev))
+                    apply_toggle_layer = true;
+        if (!IsKeyDown(ImGuiMod_Alt))
+            g.NavWindowingToggleLayer = false;
+    }
+
+    // Move window
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget && !(g.NavWindowingTarget->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove))
+    {
+        ImVec2 nav_move_dir;
+        if (g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard && !io.KeyShift)
+            nav_move_dir = GetKeyMagnitude2d(ImGuiKey_LeftArrow, ImGuiKey_RightArrow, ImGuiKey_UpArrow, ImGuiKey_DownArrow);
+        if (g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+            nav_move_dir = GetKeyMagnitude2d(ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickLeft, ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickRight, ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickUp, ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickDown);
+        if (nav_move_dir.x != 0.0f || nav_move_dir.y != 0.0f)
+        {
+            const float NAV_MOVE_SPEED = 800.0f;
+            const float move_step = NAV_MOVE_SPEED * io.DeltaTime * ImMin(io.DisplayFramebufferScale.x, io.DisplayFramebufferScale.y);
+            g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaPos += nav_move_dir * move_step;
+            g.NavDisableMouseHover = true;
+            ImVec2 accum_floored = ImFloor(g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaPos);
+            if (accum_floored.x != 0.0f || accum_floored.y != 0.0f)
+            {
+                ImGuiWindow* moving_window = g.NavWindowingTarget->RootWindowDockTree;
+                SetWindowPos(moving_window, moving_window->Pos + accum_floored, ImGuiCond_Always);
+                g.NavWindowingAccumDeltaPos -= accum_floored;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Apply final focus
+    if (apply_focus_window && (g.NavWindow == NULL || apply_focus_window != g.NavWindow->RootWindow))
+    {
+        // FIXME: Many actions here could be part of a higher-level/reused function. Why aren't they in FocusWindow()
+        // Investigate for each of them: ClearActiveID(), NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove(), NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(), ClosePopupsOverWindow(), NavInitWindow()
+        ImGuiViewport* previous_viewport = g.NavWindow ? g.NavWindow->Viewport : NULL;
+        ClearActiveID();
+        NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+        apply_focus_window = NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(apply_focus_window);
+        ClosePopupsOverWindow(apply_focus_window, false);
+        FocusWindow(apply_focus_window);
+        if (apply_focus_window->NavLastIds[0] == 0)
+            NavInitWindow(apply_focus_window, false);
+
+        // If the window has ONLY a menu layer (no main layer), select it directly
+        // Use NavLayersActiveMaskNext since windows didn't have a chance to be Begin()-ed on this frame,
+        // so CTRL+Tab where the keys are only held for 1 frame will be able to use correct layers mask since
+        // the target window as already been previewed once.
+        // FIXME-NAV: This should be done in NavInit.. or in FocusWindow... However in both of those cases,
+        // we won't have a guarantee that windows has been visible before and therefore NavLayersActiveMask*
+        // won't be valid.
+        if (apply_focus_window->DC.NavLayersActiveMaskNext == (1 << ImGuiNavLayer_Menu))
+            g.NavLayer = ImGuiNavLayer_Menu;
+
+        // Request OS level focus
+        if (apply_focus_window->Viewport != previous_viewport && g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowFocus)
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowFocus(apply_focus_window->Viewport);
+    }
+    if (apply_focus_window)
+        g.NavWindowingTarget = NULL;
+
+    // Apply menu/layer toggle
+    if (apply_toggle_layer && g.NavWindow)
+    {
+        ClearActiveID();
+
+        // Move to parent menu if necessary
+        ImGuiWindow* new_nav_window = g.NavWindow;
+        while (new_nav_window->ParentWindow
+            && (new_nav_window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask & (1 << ImGuiNavLayer_Menu)) == 0
+            && (new_nav_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) != 0
+            && (new_nav_window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)) == 0)
+            new_nav_window = new_nav_window->ParentWindow;
+        if (new_nav_window != g.NavWindow)
+        {
+            ImGuiWindow* old_nav_window = g.NavWindow;
+            FocusWindow(new_nav_window);
+            new_nav_window->NavLastChildNavWindow = old_nav_window;
+        }
+
+        // Toggle layer
+        const ImGuiNavLayer new_nav_layer = (g.NavWindow->DC.NavLayersActiveMask & (1 << ImGuiNavLayer_Menu)) ? (ImGuiNavLayer)((int)g.NavLayer ^ 1) : ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+        if (new_nav_layer != g.NavLayer)
+        {
+            // Reinitialize navigation when entering menu bar with the Alt key (FIXME: could be a properly of the layer?)
+            const bool preserve_layer_1_nav_id = (new_nav_window->DockNodeAsHost != NULL);
+            if (new_nav_layer == ImGuiNavLayer_Menu && !preserve_layer_1_nav_id)
+                g.NavWindow->NavLastIds[new_nav_layer] = 0;
+            NavRestoreLayer(new_nav_layer);
+            NavRestoreHighlightAfterMove();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Window has already passed the IsWindowNavFocusable()
+static const char* GetFallbackWindowNameForWindowingList(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)
+        return ImGui::LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_WindowingPopup);
+    if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar) && strcmp(window->Name, "##MainMenuBar") == 0)
+        return ImGui::LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_WindowingMainMenuBar);
+    if (window->DockNodeAsHost)
+        return "(Dock node)"; // Not normally shown to user.
+    return ImGui::LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_WindowingUntitled);
+}
+
+// Overlay displayed when using CTRL+TAB. Called by EndFrame().
+void ImGui::NavUpdateWindowingOverlay()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.NavWindowingTarget != NULL);
+
+    if (g.NavWindowingTimer < NAV_WINDOWING_LIST_APPEAR_DELAY)
+        return;
+
+    if (g.NavWindowingListWindow == NULL)
+        g.NavWindowingListWindow = FindWindowByName("###NavWindowingList");
+    const ImGuiViewport* viewport = /*g.NavWindow ? g.NavWindow->Viewport :*/ GetMainViewport();
+    SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(viewport->Size.x * 0.20f, viewport->Size.y * 0.20f), ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX));
+    SetNextWindowPos(viewport->GetCenter(), ImGuiCond_Always, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, g.Style.WindowPadding * 2.0f);
+    Begin("###NavWindowingList", NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings);
+    for (int n = g.WindowsFocusOrder.Size - 1; n >= 0; n--)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.WindowsFocusOrder[n];
+        IM_ASSERT(window != NULL); // Fix static analyzers
+        if (!IsWindowNavFocusable(window))
+            continue;
+        const char* label = window->Name;
+        if (label == FindRenderedTextEnd(label))
+            label = GetFallbackWindowNameForWindowingList(window);
+        Selectable(label, g.NavWindowingTarget == window);
+    }
+    End();
+    PopStyleVar();
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] DRAG AND DROP
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ImGui::IsDragDropActive()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.DragDropActive;
+}
+
+void ImGui::ClearDragDrop()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.DragDropActive = false;
+    g.DragDropPayload.Clear();
+    g.DragDropAcceptFlags = ImGuiDragDropFlags_None;
+    g.DragDropAcceptIdCurr = g.DragDropAcceptIdPrev = 0;
+    g.DragDropAcceptIdCurrRectSurface = FLT_MAX;
+    g.DragDropAcceptFrameCount = -1;
+
+    g.DragDropPayloadBufHeap.clear();
+    memset(&g.DragDropPayloadBufLocal, 0, sizeof(g.DragDropPayloadBufLocal));
+}
+
+// When this returns true you need to: a) call SetDragDropPayload() exactly once, b) you may render the payload visual/description, c) call EndDragDropSource()
+// If the item has an identifier:
+// - This assume/require the item to be activated (typically via ButtonBehavior).
+// - Therefore if you want to use this with a mouse button other than left mouse button, it is up to the item itself to activate with another button.
+// - We then pull and use the mouse button that was used to activate the item and use it to carry on the drag.
+// If the item has no identifier:
+// - Currently always assume left mouse button.
+bool ImGui::BeginDragDropSource(ImGuiDragDropFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    // FIXME-DRAGDROP: While in the common-most "drag from non-zero active id" case we can tell the mouse button,
+    // in both SourceExtern and id==0 cases we may requires something else (explicit flags or some heuristic).
+    ImGuiMouseButton mouse_button = ImGuiMouseButton_Left;
+
+    bool source_drag_active = false;
+    ImGuiID source_id = 0;
+    ImGuiID source_parent_id = 0;
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceExtern))
+    {
+        source_id = g.LastItemData.ID;
+        if (source_id != 0)
+        {
+            // Common path: items with ID
+            if (g.ActiveId != source_id)
+                return false;
+            if (g.ActiveIdMouseButton != -1)
+                mouse_button = g.ActiveIdMouseButton;
+            if (g.IO.MouseDown[mouse_button] == false || window->SkipItems)
+                return false;
+            g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap = false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Uncommon path: items without ID
+            if (g.IO.MouseDown[mouse_button] == false || window->SkipItems)
+                return false;
+            if ((g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect) == 0 && (g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveIdWindow != window))
+                return false;
+
+            // If you want to use BeginDragDropSource() on an item with no unique identifier for interaction, such as Text() or Image(), you need to:
+            // A) Read the explanation below, B) Use the ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceAllowNullID flag.
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceAllowNullID))
+            {
+                IM_ASSERT(0);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Magic fallback to handle items with no assigned ID, e.g. Text(), Image()
+            // We build a throwaway ID based on current ID stack + relative AABB of items in window.
+            // THE IDENTIFIER WON'T SURVIVE ANY REPOSITIONING/RESIZINGG OF THE WIDGET, so if your widget moves your dragging operation will be canceled.
+            // We don't need to maintain/call ClearActiveID() as releasing the button will early out this function and trigger !ActiveIdIsAlive.
+            // Rely on keeping other window->LastItemXXX fields intact.
+            source_id = g.LastItemData.ID = window->GetIDFromRectangle(g.LastItemData.Rect);
+            KeepAliveID(source_id);
+            bool is_hovered = ItemHoverable(g.LastItemData.Rect, source_id);
+            if (is_hovered && g.IO.MouseClicked[mouse_button])
+            {
+                SetActiveID(source_id, window);
+                FocusWindow(window);
+            }
+            if (g.ActiveId == source_id) // Allow the underlying widget to display/return hovered during the mouse release frame, else we would get a flicker.
+                g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap = is_hovered;
+        }
+        if (g.ActiveId != source_id)
+            return false;
+        source_parent_id = window->IDStack.back();
+        source_drag_active = IsMouseDragging(mouse_button);
+
+        // Disable navigation and key inputs while dragging + cancel existing request if any
+        SetActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        window = NULL;
+        source_id = ImHashStr("#SourceExtern");
+        source_drag_active = true;
+    }
+
+    if (source_drag_active)
+    {
+        if (!g.DragDropActive)
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(source_id != 0);
+            ClearDragDrop();
+            ImGuiPayload& payload = g.DragDropPayload;
+            payload.SourceId = source_id;
+            payload.SourceParentId = source_parent_id;
+            g.DragDropActive = true;
+            g.DragDropSourceFlags = flags;
+            g.DragDropMouseButton = mouse_button;
+            if (payload.SourceId == g.ActiveId)
+                g.ActiveIdNoClearOnFocusLoss = true;
+        }
+        g.DragDropSourceFrameCount = g.FrameCount;
+        g.DragDropWithinSource = true;
+
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoPreviewTooltip))
+        {
+            // Target can request the Source to not display its tooltip (we use a dedicated flag to make this request explicit)
+            // We unfortunately can't just modify the source flags and skip the call to BeginTooltip, as caller may be emitting contents.
+            bool ret = BeginTooltip();
+            IM_ASSERT(ret); // FIXME-NEWBEGIN: If this ever becomes false, we need to Begin("##Hidden", NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings) + SetWindowHiddendAndSkipItemsForCurrentFrame().
+            IM_UNUSED(ret);
+
+            if (g.DragDropAcceptIdPrev && (g.DragDropAcceptFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptNoPreviewTooltip))
+                SetWindowHiddendAndSkipItemsForCurrentFrame(g.CurrentWindow);
+        }
+
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoDisableHover) && !(flags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceExtern))
+            g.LastItemData.StatusFlags &= ~ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndDragDropSource()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropActive);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropWithinSource && "Not after a BeginDragDropSource()?");
+
+    if (!(g.DragDropSourceFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoPreviewTooltip))
+        EndTooltip();
+
+    // Discard the drag if have not called SetDragDropPayload()
+    if (g.DragDropPayload.DataFrameCount == -1)
+        ClearDragDrop();
+    g.DragDropWithinSource = false;
+}
+
+// Use 'cond' to choose to submit payload on drag start or every frame
+bool ImGui::SetDragDropPayload(const char* type, const void* data, size_t data_size, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiPayload& payload = g.DragDropPayload;
+    if (cond == 0)
+        cond = ImGuiCond_Always;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(type != NULL);
+    IM_ASSERT(strlen(type) < IM_ARRAYSIZE(payload.DataType) && "Payload type can be at most 32 characters long");
+    IM_ASSERT((data != NULL && data_size > 0) || (data == NULL && data_size == 0));
+    IM_ASSERT(cond == ImGuiCond_Always || cond == ImGuiCond_Once);
+    IM_ASSERT(payload.SourceId != 0);                               // Not called between BeginDragDropSource() and EndDragDropSource()
+
+    if (cond == ImGuiCond_Always || payload.DataFrameCount == -1)
+    {
+        // Copy payload
+        ImStrncpy(payload.DataType, type, IM_ARRAYSIZE(payload.DataType));
+        g.DragDropPayloadBufHeap.resize(0);
+        if (data_size > sizeof(g.DragDropPayloadBufLocal))
+        {
+            // Store in heap
+            g.DragDropPayloadBufHeap.resize((int)data_size);
+            payload.Data = g.DragDropPayloadBufHeap.Data;
+            memcpy(payload.Data, data, data_size);
+        }
+        else if (data_size > 0)
+        {
+            // Store locally
+            memset(&g.DragDropPayloadBufLocal, 0, sizeof(g.DragDropPayloadBufLocal));
+            payload.Data = g.DragDropPayloadBufLocal;
+            memcpy(payload.Data, data, data_size);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            payload.Data = NULL;
+        }
+        payload.DataSize = (int)data_size;
+    }
+    payload.DataFrameCount = g.FrameCount;
+
+    // Return whether the payload has been accepted
+    return (g.DragDropAcceptFrameCount == g.FrameCount) || (g.DragDropAcceptFrameCount == g.FrameCount - 1);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginDragDropTargetCustom(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!g.DragDropActive)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiWindow* hovered_window = g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow;
+    if (hovered_window == NULL || window->RootWindowDockTree != hovered_window->RootWindowDockTree)
+        return false;
+    IM_ASSERT(id != 0);
+    if (!IsMouseHoveringRect(bb.Min, bb.Max) || (id == g.DragDropPayload.SourceId))
+        return false;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropWithinTarget == false);
+    g.DragDropTargetRect = bb;
+    g.DragDropTargetId = id;
+    g.DragDropWithinTarget = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+// We don't use BeginDragDropTargetCustom() and duplicate its code because:
+// 1) we use LastItemRectHoveredRect which handles items that push a temporarily clip rectangle in their code. Calling BeginDragDropTargetCustom(LastItemRect) would not handle them.
+// 2) and it's faster. as this code may be very frequently called, we want to early out as fast as we can.
+// Also note how the HoveredWindow test is positioned differently in both functions (in both functions we optimize for the cheapest early out case)
+bool ImGui::BeginDragDropTarget()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!g.DragDropActive)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (!(g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect))
+        return false;
+    ImGuiWindow* hovered_window = g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow;
+    if (hovered_window == NULL || window->RootWindowDockTree != hovered_window->RootWindowDockTree || window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const ImRect& display_rect = (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDisplayRect) ? g.LastItemData.DisplayRect : g.LastItemData.Rect;
+    ImGuiID id = g.LastItemData.ID;
+    if (id == 0)
+    {
+        id = window->GetIDFromRectangle(display_rect);
+        KeepAliveID(id);
+    }
+    if (g.DragDropPayload.SourceId == id)
+        return false;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropWithinTarget == false);
+    g.DragDropTargetRect = display_rect;
+    g.DragDropTargetId = id;
+    g.DragDropWithinTarget = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::IsDragDropPayloadBeingAccepted()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.DragDropActive && g.DragDropAcceptIdPrev != 0;
+}
+
+const ImGuiPayload* ImGui::AcceptDragDropPayload(const char* type, ImGuiDragDropFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiPayload& payload = g.DragDropPayload;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropActive);                        // Not called between BeginDragDropTarget() and EndDragDropTarget() ?
+    IM_ASSERT(payload.DataFrameCount != -1);            // Forgot to call EndDragDropTarget() ?
+    if (type != NULL && !payload.IsDataType(type))
+        return NULL;
+
+    // Accept smallest drag target bounding box, this allows us to nest drag targets conveniently without ordering constraints.
+    // NB: We currently accept NULL id as target. However, overlapping targets requires a unique ID to function!
+    const bool was_accepted_previously = (g.DragDropAcceptIdPrev == g.DragDropTargetId);
+    ImRect r = g.DragDropTargetRect;
+    float r_surface = r.GetWidth() * r.GetHeight();
+    if (r_surface > g.DragDropAcceptIdCurrRectSurface)
+        return NULL;
+
+    g.DragDropAcceptFlags = flags;
+    g.DragDropAcceptIdCurr = g.DragDropTargetId;
+    g.DragDropAcceptIdCurrRectSurface = r_surface;
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG("AcceptDragDropPayload(): %08X: accept\n", g.DragDropTargetId);
+
+    // Render default drop visuals
+    payload.Preview = was_accepted_previously;
+    flags |= (g.DragDropSourceFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptNoDrawDefaultRect); // Source can also inhibit the preview (useful for external sources that live for 1 frame)
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptNoDrawDefaultRect) && payload.Preview)
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(r.Min - ImVec2(3.5f,3.5f), r.Max + ImVec2(3.5f, 3.5f), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget), 0.0f, 0, 2.0f);
+
+    g.DragDropAcceptFrameCount = g.FrameCount;
+    payload.Delivery = was_accepted_previously && !IsMouseDown(g.DragDropMouseButton); // For extern drag sources affecting OS window focus, it's easier to just test !IsMouseDown() instead of IsMouseReleased()
+    if (!payload.Delivery && !(flags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptBeforeDelivery))
+        return NULL;
+
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG("AcceptDragDropPayload(): %08X: return payload\n", g.DragDropTargetId);
+    return &payload;
+}
+
+// FIXME-DRAGDROP: Settle on a proper default visuals for drop target.
+void ImGui::RenderDragDropTargetRect(const ImRect& bb)
+{
+    GetWindowDrawList()->AddRect(bb.Min - ImVec2(3.5f, 3.5f), bb.Max + ImVec2(3.5f, 3.5f), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget), 0.0f, 0, 2.0f);
+}
+
+const ImGuiPayload* ImGui::GetDragDropPayload()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return (g.DragDropActive && g.DragDropPayload.DataFrameCount != -1) ? &g.DragDropPayload : NULL;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndDragDropTarget()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropActive);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.DragDropWithinTarget);
+    g.DragDropWithinTarget = false;
+
+    // Clear drag and drop state payload right after delivery
+    if (g.DragDropPayload.Delivery)
+        ClearDragDrop();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] LOGGING/CAPTURING
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// All text output from the interface can be captured into tty/file/clipboard.
+// By default, tree nodes are automatically opened during logging.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Pass text data straight to log (without being displayed)
+static inline void LogTextV(ImGuiContext& g, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    if (g.LogFile)
+    {
+        g.LogBuffer.Buf.resize(0);
+        g.LogBuffer.appendfv(fmt, args);
+        ImFileWrite(g.LogBuffer.c_str(), sizeof(char), (ImU64)g.LogBuffer.size(), g.LogFile);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        g.LogBuffer.appendfv(fmt, args);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::LogText(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!g.LogEnabled)
+        return;
+
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    LogTextV(g, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ImGui::LogTextV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!g.LogEnabled)
+        return;
+
+    LogTextV(g, fmt, args);
+}
+
+// Internal version that takes a position to decide on newline placement and pad items according to their depth.
+// We split text into individual lines to add current tree level padding
+// FIXME: This code is a little complicated perhaps, considering simplifying the whole system.
+void ImGui::LogRenderedText(const ImVec2* ref_pos, const char* text, const char* text_end)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    const char* prefix = g.LogNextPrefix;
+    const char* suffix = g.LogNextSuffix;
+    g.LogNextPrefix = g.LogNextSuffix = NULL;
+
+    if (!text_end)
+        text_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(text, text_end);
+
+    const bool log_new_line = ref_pos && (ref_pos->y > g.LogLinePosY + g.Style.FramePadding.y + 1);
+    if (ref_pos)
+        g.LogLinePosY = ref_pos->y;
+    if (log_new_line)
+    {
+        LogText(IM_NEWLINE);
+        g.LogLineFirstItem = true;
+    }
+
+    if (prefix)
+        LogRenderedText(ref_pos, prefix, prefix + strlen(prefix)); // Calculate end ourself to ensure "##" are included here.
+
+    // Re-adjust padding if we have popped out of our starting depth
+    if (g.LogDepthRef > window->DC.TreeDepth)
+        g.LogDepthRef = window->DC.TreeDepth;
+    const int tree_depth = (window->DC.TreeDepth - g.LogDepthRef);
+
+    const char* text_remaining = text;
+    for (;;)
+    {
+        // Split the string. Each new line (after a '\n') is followed by indentation corresponding to the current depth of our log entry.
+        // We don't add a trailing \n yet to allow a subsequent item on the same line to be captured.
+        const char* line_start = text_remaining;
+        const char* line_end = ImStreolRange(line_start, text_end);
+        const bool is_last_line = (line_end == text_end);
+        if (line_start != line_end || !is_last_line)
+        {
+            const int line_length = (int)(line_end - line_start);
+            const int indentation = g.LogLineFirstItem ? tree_depth * 4 : 1;
+            LogText("%*s%.*s", indentation, "", line_length, line_start);
+            g.LogLineFirstItem = false;
+            if (*line_end == '\n')
+            {
+                LogText(IM_NEWLINE);
+                g.LogLineFirstItem = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (is_last_line)
+            break;
+        text_remaining = line_end + 1;
+    }
+
+    if (suffix)
+        LogRenderedText(ref_pos, suffix, suffix + strlen(suffix));
+}
+
+// Start logging/capturing text output
+void ImGui::LogBegin(ImGuiLogType type, int auto_open_depth)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.LogEnabled == false);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.LogFile == NULL);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.LogBuffer.empty());
+    g.LogEnabled = true;
+    g.LogType = type;
+    g.LogNextPrefix = g.LogNextSuffix = NULL;
+    g.LogDepthRef = window->DC.TreeDepth;
+    g.LogDepthToExpand = ((auto_open_depth >= 0) ? auto_open_depth : g.LogDepthToExpandDefault);
+    g.LogLinePosY = FLT_MAX;
+    g.LogLineFirstItem = true;
+}
+
+// Important: doesn't copy underlying data, use carefully (prefix/suffix must be in scope at the time of the next LogRenderedText)
+void ImGui::LogSetNextTextDecoration(const char* prefix, const char* suffix)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.LogNextPrefix = prefix;
+    g.LogNextSuffix = suffix;
+}
+
+void ImGui::LogToTTY(int auto_open_depth)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        return;
+    IM_UNUSED(auto_open_depth);
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_TTY_FUNCTIONS
+    LogBegin(ImGuiLogType_TTY, auto_open_depth);
+    g.LogFile = stdout;
+#endif
+}
+
+// Start logging/capturing text output to given file
+void ImGui::LogToFile(int auto_open_depth, const char* filename)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        return;
+
+    // FIXME: We could probably open the file in text mode "at", however note that clipboard/buffer logging will still
+    // be subject to outputting OS-incompatible carriage return if within strings the user doesn't use IM_NEWLINE.
+    // By opening the file in binary mode "ab" we have consistent output everywhere.
+    if (!filename)
+        filename = g.IO.LogFilename;
+    if (!filename || !filename[0])
+        return;
+    ImFileHandle f = ImFileOpen(filename, "ab");
+    if (!f)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LogBegin(ImGuiLogType_File, auto_open_depth);
+    g.LogFile = f;
+}
+
+// Start logging/capturing text output to clipboard
+void ImGui::LogToClipboard(int auto_open_depth)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        return;
+    LogBegin(ImGuiLogType_Clipboard, auto_open_depth);
+}
+
+void ImGui::LogToBuffer(int auto_open_depth)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        return;
+    LogBegin(ImGuiLogType_Buffer, auto_open_depth);
+}
+
+void ImGui::LogFinish()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!g.LogEnabled)
+        return;
+
+    LogText(IM_NEWLINE);
+    switch (g.LogType)
+    {
+    case ImGuiLogType_TTY:
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_TTY_FUNCTIONS
+        fflush(g.LogFile);
+#endif
+        break;
+    case ImGuiLogType_File:
+        ImFileClose(g.LogFile);
+        break;
+    case ImGuiLogType_Buffer:
+        break;
+    case ImGuiLogType_Clipboard:
+        if (!g.LogBuffer.empty())
+            SetClipboardText(g.LogBuffer.begin());
+        break;
+    case ImGuiLogType_None:
+        IM_ASSERT(0);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    g.LogEnabled = false;
+    g.LogType = ImGuiLogType_None;
+    g.LogFile = NULL;
+    g.LogBuffer.clear();
+}
+
+// Helper to display logging buttons
+// FIXME-OBSOLETE: We should probably obsolete this and let the user have their own helper (this is one of the oldest function alive!)
+void ImGui::LogButtons()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    PushID("LogButtons");
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_TTY_FUNCTIONS
+    const bool log_to_tty = Button("Log To TTY"); SameLine();
+#else
+    const bool log_to_tty = false;
+#endif
+    const bool log_to_file = Button("Log To File"); SameLine();
+    const bool log_to_clipboard = Button("Log To Clipboard"); SameLine();
+    PushTabStop(false);
+    SetNextItemWidth(80.0f);
+    SliderInt("Default Depth", &g.LogDepthToExpandDefault, 0, 9, NULL);
+    PopTabStop();
+    PopID();
+
+    // Start logging at the end of the function so that the buttons don't appear in the log
+    if (log_to_tty)
+        LogToTTY();
+    if (log_to_file)
+        LogToFile();
+    if (log_to_clipboard)
+        LogToClipboard();
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] SETTINGS
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - UpdateSettings() [Internal]
+// - MarkIniSettingsDirty() [Internal]
+// - FindSettingsHandler() [Internal]
+// - ClearIniSettings() [Internal]
+// - LoadIniSettingsFromDisk()
+// - LoadIniSettingsFromMemory()
+// - SaveIniSettingsToDisk()
+// - SaveIniSettingsToMemory()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - CreateNewWindowSettings() [Internal]
+// - FindWindowSettingsByID() [Internal]
+// - FindWindowSettingsByWindow() [Internal]
+// - ClearWindowSettings() [Internal]
+// - WindowSettingsHandler_***() [Internal]
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Called by NewFrame()
+void ImGui::UpdateSettings()
+{
+    // Load settings on first frame (if not explicitly loaded manually before)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!g.SettingsLoaded)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(g.SettingsWindows.empty());
+        if (g.IO.IniFilename)
+            LoadIniSettingsFromDisk(g.IO.IniFilename);
+        g.SettingsLoaded = true;
+    }
+
+    // Save settings (with a delay after the last modification, so we don't spam disk too much)
+    if (g.SettingsDirtyTimer > 0.0f)
+    {
+        g.SettingsDirtyTimer -= g.IO.DeltaTime;
+        if (g.SettingsDirtyTimer <= 0.0f)
+        {
+            if (g.IO.IniFilename != NULL)
+                SaveIniSettingsToDisk(g.IO.IniFilename);
+            else
+                g.IO.WantSaveIniSettings = true;  // Let user know they can call SaveIniSettingsToMemory(). user will need to clear io.WantSaveIniSettings themselves.
+            g.SettingsDirtyTimer = 0.0f;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::MarkIniSettingsDirty()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.SettingsDirtyTimer <= 0.0f)
+        g.SettingsDirtyTimer = g.IO.IniSavingRate;
+}
+
+void ImGui::MarkIniSettingsDirty(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings))
+        if (g.SettingsDirtyTimer <= 0.0f)
+            g.SettingsDirtyTimer = g.IO.IniSavingRate;
+}
+
+void ImGui::AddSettingsHandler(const ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(FindSettingsHandler(handler->TypeName) == NULL);
+    g.SettingsHandlers.push_back(*handler);
+}
+
+void ImGui::RemoveSettingsHandler(const char* type_name)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler = FindSettingsHandler(type_name))
+        g.SettingsHandlers.erase(handler);
+}
+
+ImGuiSettingsHandler* ImGui::FindSettingsHandler(const char* type_name)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiID type_hash = ImHashStr(type_name);
+    for (int handler_n = 0; handler_n < g.SettingsHandlers.Size; handler_n++)
+        if (g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n].TypeHash == type_hash)
+            return &g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Clear all settings (windows, tables, docking etc.)
+void ImGui::ClearIniSettings()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.SettingsIniData.clear();
+    for (int handler_n = 0; handler_n < g.SettingsHandlers.Size; handler_n++)
+        if (g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n].ClearAllFn)
+            g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n].ClearAllFn(&g, &g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n]);
+}
+
+void ImGui::LoadIniSettingsFromDisk(const char* ini_filename)
+{
+    size_t file_data_size = 0;
+    char* file_data = (char*)ImFileLoadToMemory(ini_filename, "rb", &file_data_size);
+    if (!file_data)
+        return;
+    if (file_data_size > 0)
+        LoadIniSettingsFromMemory(file_data, (size_t)file_data_size);
+    IM_FREE(file_data);
+}
+
+// Zero-tolerance, no error reporting, cheap .ini parsing
+void ImGui::LoadIniSettingsFromMemory(const char* ini_data, size_t ini_size)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Initialized);
+    //IM_ASSERT(!g.WithinFrameScope && "Cannot be called between NewFrame() and EndFrame()");
+    //IM_ASSERT(g.SettingsLoaded == false && g.FrameCount == 0);
+
+    // For user convenience, we allow passing a non zero-terminated string (hence the ini_size parameter).
+    // For our convenience and to make the code simpler, we'll also write zero-terminators within the buffer. So let's create a writable copy..
+    if (ini_size == 0)
+        ini_size = strlen(ini_data);
+    g.SettingsIniData.Buf.resize((int)ini_size + 1);
+    char* const buf = g.SettingsIniData.Buf.Data;
+    char* const buf_end = buf + ini_size;
+    memcpy(buf, ini_data, ini_size);
+    buf_end[0] = 0;
+
+    // Call pre-read handlers
+    // Some types will clear their data (e.g. dock information) some types will allow merge/override (window)
+    for (int handler_n = 0; handler_n < g.SettingsHandlers.Size; handler_n++)
+        if (g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n].ReadInitFn)
+            g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n].ReadInitFn(&g, &g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n]);
+
+    void* entry_data = NULL;
+    ImGuiSettingsHandler* entry_handler = NULL;
+
+    char* line_end = NULL;
+    for (char* line = buf; line < buf_end; line = line_end + 1)
+    {
+        // Skip new lines markers, then find end of the line
+        while (*line == '\n' || *line == '\r')
+            line++;
+        line_end = line;
+        while (line_end < buf_end && *line_end != '\n' && *line_end != '\r')
+            line_end++;
+        line_end[0] = 0;
+        if (line[0] == ';')
+            continue;
+        if (line[0] == '[' && line_end > line && line_end[-1] == ']')
+        {
+            // Parse "[Type][Name]". Note that 'Name' can itself contains [] characters, which is acceptable with the current format and parsing code.
+            line_end[-1] = 0;
+            const char* name_end = line_end - 1;
+            const char* type_start = line + 1;
+            char* type_end = (char*)(void*)ImStrchrRange(type_start, name_end, ']');
+            const char* name_start = type_end ? ImStrchrRange(type_end + 1, name_end, '[') : NULL;
+            if (!type_end || !name_start)
+                continue;
+            *type_end = 0; // Overwrite first ']'
+            name_start++;  // Skip second '['
+            entry_handler = FindSettingsHandler(type_start);
+            entry_data = entry_handler ? entry_handler->ReadOpenFn(&g, entry_handler, name_start) : NULL;
+        }
+        else if (entry_handler != NULL && entry_data != NULL)
+        {
+            // Let type handler parse the line
+            entry_handler->ReadLineFn(&g, entry_handler, entry_data, line);
+        }
+    }
+    g.SettingsLoaded = true;
+
+    // [DEBUG] Restore untouched copy so it can be browsed in Metrics (not strictly necessary)
+    memcpy(buf, ini_data, ini_size);
+
+    // Call post-read handlers
+    for (int handler_n = 0; handler_n < g.SettingsHandlers.Size; handler_n++)
+        if (g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n].ApplyAllFn)
+            g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n].ApplyAllFn(&g, &g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n]);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SaveIniSettingsToDisk(const char* ini_filename)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.SettingsDirtyTimer = 0.0f;
+    if (!ini_filename)
+        return;
+
+    size_t ini_data_size = 0;
+    const char* ini_data = SaveIniSettingsToMemory(&ini_data_size);
+    ImFileHandle f = ImFileOpen(ini_filename, "wt");
+    if (!f)
+        return;
+    ImFileWrite(ini_data, sizeof(char), ini_data_size, f);
+    ImFileClose(f);
+}
+
+// Call registered handlers (e.g. SettingsHandlerWindow_WriteAll() + custom handlers) to write their stuff into a text buffer
+const char* ImGui::SaveIniSettingsToMemory(size_t* out_size)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.SettingsDirtyTimer = 0.0f;
+    g.SettingsIniData.Buf.resize(0);
+    g.SettingsIniData.Buf.push_back(0);
+    for (int handler_n = 0; handler_n < g.SettingsHandlers.Size; handler_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler = &g.SettingsHandlers[handler_n];
+        handler->WriteAllFn(&g, handler, &g.SettingsIniData);
+    }
+    if (out_size)
+        *out_size = (size_t)g.SettingsIniData.size();
+    return g.SettingsIniData.c_str();
+}
+
+ImGuiWindowSettings* ImGui::CreateNewWindowSettings(const char* name)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+#if !IMGUI_DEBUG_INI_SETTINGS
+    // Skip to the "###" marker if any. We don't skip past to match the behavior of GetID()
+    // Preserve the full string when IMGUI_DEBUG_INI_SETTINGS is set to make .ini inspection easier.
+    if (const char* p = strstr(name, "###"))
+        name = p;
+#endif
+    const size_t name_len = strlen(name);
+
+    // Allocate chunk
+    const size_t chunk_size = sizeof(ImGuiWindowSettings) + name_len + 1;
+    ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.alloc_chunk(chunk_size);
+    IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(settings) ImGuiWindowSettings();
+    settings->ID = ImHashStr(name, name_len);
+    memcpy(settings->GetName(), name, name_len + 1);   // Store with zero terminator
+
+    return settings;
+}
+
+// We don't provide a FindWindowSettingsByName() because Docking system doesn't always hold on names.
+// This is called once per window .ini entry + once per newly instantiated window.
+ImGuiWindowSettings* ImGui::FindWindowSettingsByID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (settings->ID == id && !settings->WantDelete)
+            return settings;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// This is faster if you are holding on a Window already as we don't need to perform a search.
+ImGuiWindowSettings* ImGui::FindWindowSettingsByWindow(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (window->SettingsOffset != -1)
+        return g.SettingsWindows.ptr_from_offset(window->SettingsOffset);
+    return FindWindowSettingsByID(window->ID);
+}
+
+// This will revert window to its initial state, including enabling the ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver/ImGuiCond_Once conditions once more.
+void ImGui::ClearWindowSettings(const char* name)
+{
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG("ClearWindowSettings('%s')\n", name);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(name);
+    if (window != NULL)
+    {
+        window->Flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings;
+        InitOrLoadWindowSettings(window, NULL);
+        if (window->DockId != 0)
+            DockContextProcessUndockWindow(&g, window, true);
+    }
+    if (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = window ? FindWindowSettingsByWindow(window) : FindWindowSettingsByID(ImHashStr(name)))
+        settings->WantDelete = true;
+}
+
+static void WindowSettingsHandler_ClearAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler*)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Windows.Size; i++)
+        g.Windows[i]->SettingsOffset = -1;
+    g.SettingsWindows.clear();
+}
+
+static void* WindowSettingsHandler_ReadOpen(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, const char* name)
+{
+    ImGuiID id = ImHashStr(name);
+    ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = ImGui::FindWindowSettingsByID(id);
+    if (settings)
+        *settings = ImGuiWindowSettings(); // Clear existing if recycling previous entry
+    else
+        settings = ImGui::CreateNewWindowSettings(name);
+    settings->ID = id;
+    settings->WantApply = true;
+    return (void*)settings;
+}
+
+static void WindowSettingsHandler_ReadLine(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, void* entry, const char* line)
+{
+    ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = (ImGuiWindowSettings*)entry;
+    int x, y;
+    int i;
+    ImU32 u1;
+    if (sscanf(line, "Pos=%i,%i", &x, &y) == 2)             { settings->Pos = ImVec2ih((short)x, (short)y); }
+    else if (sscanf(line, "Size=%i,%i", &x, &y) == 2)       { settings->Size = ImVec2ih((short)x, (short)y); }
+    else if (sscanf(line, "ViewportId=0x%08X", &u1) == 1)   { settings->ViewportId = u1; }
+    else if (sscanf(line, "ViewportPos=%i,%i", &x, &y) == 2){ settings->ViewportPos = ImVec2ih((short)x, (short)y); }
+    else if (sscanf(line, "Collapsed=%d", &i) == 1)         { settings->Collapsed = (i != 0); }
+    else if (sscanf(line, "DockId=0x%X,%d", &u1, &i) == 2)  { settings->DockId = u1; settings->DockOrder = (short)i; }
+    else if (sscanf(line, "DockId=0x%X", &u1) == 1)         { settings->DockId = u1; settings->DockOrder = -1; }
+    else if (sscanf(line, "ClassId=0x%X", &u1) == 1)        { settings->ClassId = u1; }
+}
+
+// Apply to existing windows (if any)
+static void WindowSettingsHandler_ApplyAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler*)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (settings->WantApply)
+        {
+            if (ImGuiWindow* window = ImGui::FindWindowByID(settings->ID))
+                ApplyWindowSettings(window, settings);
+            settings->WantApply = false;
+        }
+}
+
+static void WindowSettingsHandler_WriteAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler, ImGuiTextBuffer* buf)
+{
+    // Gather data from windows that were active during this session
+    // (if a window wasn't opened in this session we preserve its settings)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Windows.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[i];
+        if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings)
+            continue;
+
+        ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = ImGui::FindWindowSettingsByWindow(window);
+        if (!settings)
+        {
+            settings = ImGui::CreateNewWindowSettings(window->Name);
+            window->SettingsOffset = g.SettingsWindows.offset_from_ptr(settings);
+        }
+        IM_ASSERT(settings->ID == window->ID);
+        settings->Pos = ImVec2ih(window->Pos - window->ViewportPos);
+        settings->Size = ImVec2ih(window->SizeFull);
+        settings->ViewportId = window->ViewportId;
+        settings->ViewportPos = ImVec2ih(window->ViewportPos);
+        IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode == NULL || window->DockNode->ID == window->DockId);
+        settings->DockId = window->DockId;
+        settings->ClassId = window->WindowClass.ClassId;
+        settings->DockOrder = window->DockOrder;
+        settings->Collapsed = window->Collapsed;
+        settings->WantDelete = false;
+    }
+
+    // Write to text buffer
+    buf->reserve(buf->size() + g.SettingsWindows.size() * 6); // ballpark reserve
+    for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+    {
+        if (settings->WantDelete)
+            continue;
+        const char* settings_name = settings->GetName();
+        buf->appendf("[%s][%s]\n", handler->TypeName, settings_name);
+        if (settings->ViewportId != 0 && settings->ViewportId != ImGui::IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID)
+        {
+            buf->appendf("ViewportPos=%d,%d\n", settings->ViewportPos.x, settings->ViewportPos.y);
+            buf->appendf("ViewportId=0x%08X\n", settings->ViewportId);
+        }
+        if (settings->Pos.x != 0 || settings->Pos.y != 0 || settings->ViewportId == ImGui::IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID)
+            buf->appendf("Pos=%d,%d\n", settings->Pos.x, settings->Pos.y);
+        if (settings->Size.x != 0 || settings->Size.y != 0)
+            buf->appendf("Size=%d,%d\n", settings->Size.x, settings->Size.y);
+        buf->appendf("Collapsed=%d\n", settings->Collapsed);
+        if (settings->DockId != 0)
+        {
+            //buf->appendf("TabId=0x%08X\n", ImHashStr("#TAB", 4, settings->ID)); // window->TabId: this is not read back but writing it makes "debugging" the .ini data easier.
+            if (settings->DockOrder == -1)
+                buf->appendf("DockId=0x%08X\n", settings->DockId);
+            else
+                buf->appendf("DockId=0x%08X,%d\n", settings->DockId, settings->DockOrder);
+            if (settings->ClassId != 0)
+                buf->appendf("ClassId=0x%08X\n", settings->ClassId);
+        }
+        buf->append("\n");
+    }
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] LOCALIZATION
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::LocalizeRegisterEntries(const ImGuiLocEntry* entries, int count)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int n = 0; n < count; n++)
+        g.LocalizationTable[entries[n].Key] = entries[n].Text;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] VIEWPORTS, PLATFORM WINDOWS
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - GetMainViewport()
+// - FindViewportByID()
+// - FindViewportByPlatformHandle()
+// - SetCurrentViewport() [Internal]
+// - SetWindowViewport() [Internal]
+// - GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnViewport() [Internal]
+// - UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewport() [Internal]
+// - UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewports() [Internal]
+// - TranslateWindowsInViewport() [Internal]
+// - ScaleWindowsInViewport() [Internal]
+// - FindHoveredViewportFromPlatformWindowStack() [Internal]
+// - UpdateViewportsNewFrame() [Internal]
+// - UpdateViewportsEndFrame() [Internal]
+// - AddUpdateViewport() [Internal]
+// - WindowSelectViewport() [Internal]
+// - WindowSyncOwnedViewport() [Internal]
+// - UpdatePlatformWindows()
+// - RenderPlatformWindowsDefault()
+// - FindPlatformMonitorForPos() [Internal]
+// - FindPlatformMonitorForRect() [Internal]
+// - UpdateViewportPlatformMonitor() [Internal]
+// - DestroyPlatformWindow() [Internal]
+// - DestroyPlatformWindows()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImGuiViewport* ImGui::GetMainViewport()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.Viewports[0];
+}
+
+// FIXME: This leaks access to viewports not listed in PlatformIO.Viewports[]. Problematic? (#4236)
+ImGuiViewport* ImGui::FindViewportByID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+        if (g.Viewports[n]->ID == id)
+            return g.Viewports[n];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+ImGuiViewport* ImGui::FindViewportByPlatformHandle(void* platform_handle)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Viewports.Size; i++)
+        if (g.Viewports[i]->PlatformHandle == platform_handle)
+            return g.Viewports[i];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetCurrentViewport(ImGuiWindow* current_window, ImGuiViewportP* viewport)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    (void)current_window;
+
+    if (viewport)
+        viewport->LastFrameActive = g.FrameCount;
+    if (g.CurrentViewport == viewport)
+        return;
+    g.CurrentDpiScale = viewport ? viewport->DpiScale : 1.0f;
+    g.CurrentViewport = viewport;
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT("[viewport] SetCurrentViewport changed '%s' 0x%08X\n", current_window ? current_window->Name : NULL, viewport ? viewport->ID : 0);
+
+    // Notify platform layer of viewport changes
+    // FIXME-DPI: This is only currently used for experimenting with handling of multiple DPI
+    if (g.CurrentViewport && g.PlatformIO.Platform_OnChangedViewport)
+        g.PlatformIO.Platform_OnChangedViewport(g.CurrentViewport);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetWindowViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiViewportP* viewport)
+{
+    // Abandon viewport
+    if (window->ViewportOwned && window->Viewport->Window == window)
+        window->Viewport->Size = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    window->Viewport = viewport;
+    window->ViewportId = viewport->ID;
+    window->ViewportOwned = (viewport->Window == window);
+}
+
+static bool ImGui::GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnViewport(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    // Tooltips and menus are not automatically forced into their own viewport when the NoMerge flag is set, however the multiplication of viewports makes them more likely to protrude and create their own.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.IO.ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge || (window->WindowClass.ViewportFlagsOverrideSet & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoAutoMerge))
+        if (g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)
+            if (!window->DockIsActive)
+                if ((window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu | ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)) == 0)
+                    if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) == 0 || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal) != 0)
+                        return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+static bool ImGui::UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiViewportP* viewport)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (window->Viewport == viewport)
+        return false;
+    if ((viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_CanHostOtherWindows) == 0)
+        return false;
+    if ((viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized) != 0)
+        return false;
+    if (!viewport->GetMainRect().Contains(window->Rect()))
+        return false;
+    if (GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnViewport(window))
+        return false;
+
+    // FIXME: Can't use g.WindowsFocusOrder[] for root windows only as we care about Z order. If we maintained a DisplayOrder along with FocusOrder we could..
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Windows.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window_behind = g.Windows[n];
+        if (window_behind == window)
+            break;
+        if (window_behind->WasActive && window_behind->ViewportOwned && !(window_behind->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow))
+            if (window_behind->Viewport->GetMainRect().Overlaps(window->Rect()))
+                return false;
+    }
+
+    // Move to the existing viewport, Move child/hosted windows as well (FIXME-OPT: iterate child)
+    ImGuiViewportP* old_viewport = window->Viewport;
+    if (window->ViewportOwned)
+        for (int n = 0; n < g.Windows.Size; n++)
+            if (g.Windows[n]->Viewport == old_viewport)
+                SetWindowViewport(g.Windows[n], viewport);
+    SetWindowViewport(window, viewport);
+    BringWindowToDisplayFront(window);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// FIXME: handle 0 to N host viewports
+static bool ImGui::UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewports(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewport(window, g.Viewports[0]);
+}
+
+// Translate Dear ImGui windows when a Host Viewport has been moved
+// (This additionally keeps windows at the same place when ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable is toggled!)
+void ImGui::TranslateWindowsInViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport, const ImVec2& old_pos, const ImVec2& new_pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(viewport->Window == NULL && (viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_CanHostOtherWindows));
+
+    // 1) We test if ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable was just toggled, which allows us to conveniently
+    // translate imgui windows from OS-window-local to absolute coordinates or vice-versa.
+    // 2) If it's not going to fit into the new size, keep it at same absolute position.
+    // One problem with this is that most Win32 applications doesn't update their render while dragging,
+    // and so the window will appear to teleport when releasing the mouse.
+    const bool translate_all_windows = (g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable) != (g.ConfigFlagsLastFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable);
+    ImRect test_still_fit_rect(old_pos, old_pos + viewport->Size);
+    ImVec2 delta_pos = new_pos - old_pos;
+    for (int window_n = 0; window_n < g.Windows.Size; window_n++) // FIXME-OPT
+        if (translate_all_windows || (g.Windows[window_n]->Viewport == viewport && test_still_fit_rect.Contains(g.Windows[window_n]->Rect())))
+            TranslateWindow(g.Windows[window_n], delta_pos);
+}
+
+// Scale all windows (position, size). Use when e.g. changing DPI. (This is a lossy operation!)
+void ImGui::ScaleWindowsInViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport, float scale)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (viewport->Window)
+    {
+        ScaleWindow(viewport->Window, scale);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i != g.Windows.Size; i++)
+            if (g.Windows[i]->Viewport == viewport)
+                ScaleWindow(g.Windows[i], scale);
+    }
+}
+
+// If the backend doesn't set MouseLastHoveredViewport or doesn't honor ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs, we do a search ourselves.
+// A) It won't take account of the possibility that non-imgui windows may be in-between our dragged window and our target window.
+// B) It requires Platform_GetWindowFocus to be implemented by backend.
+ImGuiViewportP* ImGui::FindHoveredViewportFromPlatformWindowStack(const ImVec2& mouse_platform_pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiViewportP* best_candidate = NULL;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+        if (!(viewport->Flags & (ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized)) && viewport->GetMainRect().Contains(mouse_platform_pos))
+            if (best_candidate == NULL || best_candidate->LastFocusedStampCount < viewport->LastFocusedStampCount)
+                best_candidate = viewport;
+    }
+    return best_candidate;
+}
+
+// Update viewports and monitor infos
+// Note that this is running even if 'ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable' is not set, in order to clear unused viewports (if any) and update monitor info.
+static void ImGui::UpdateViewportsNewFrame()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Viewports.Size <= g.Viewports.Size);
+
+    // Update Minimized status (we need it first in order to decide if we'll apply Pos/Size of the main viewport)
+    // Update Focused status
+    const bool viewports_enabled = (g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable) != 0;
+    if (viewports_enabled)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* focused_viewport = NULL;
+        for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+            const bool platform_funcs_available = viewport->PlatformWindowCreated;
+            if (g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowMinimized && platform_funcs_available)
+            {
+                bool is_minimized = g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowMinimized(viewport);
+                if (is_minimized)
+                    viewport->Flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized;
+                else
+                    viewport->Flags &= ~ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized;
+            }
+
+            // Update our implicit z-order knowledge of platform windows, which is used when the backend cannot provide io.MouseHoveredViewport.
+            // When setting Platform_GetWindowFocus, it is expected that the platform backend can handle calls without crashing if it doesn't have data stored.
+            if (g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowFocus && platform_funcs_available)
+            {
+                bool is_focused = g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowFocus(viewport);
+                if (is_focused)
+                    viewport->Flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_IsFocused;
+                else
+                    viewport->Flags &= ~ImGuiViewportFlags_IsFocused;
+                if (is_focused)
+                    focused_viewport = viewport;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Focused viewport has changed?
+        if (focused_viewport && g.PlatformLastFocusedViewportId != focused_viewport->ID)
+        {
+            // Store a tag so we can infer z-order easily from all our windows
+            // We compare PlatformLastFocusedViewportId so newly created viewports with _NoFocusOnAppearing flag
+            // will keep the front most stamp instead of losing it back to their parent viewport.
+            if (focused_viewport->LastFocusedStampCount != g.ViewportFocusedStampCount)
+                focused_viewport->LastFocusedStampCount = ++g.ViewportFocusedStampCount;
+            g.PlatformLastFocusedViewportId = focused_viewport->ID;
+
+            // Focus associated dear imgui window if focus didn't happen with a click within imgui boundaries (#6299)
+            // e.g. Clicking platform title bar.
+            // FIXME: perhaps 'FocusTopMostWindowUnderOne()' can handle the 'focused_window->Window != NULL' case as well.
+            if (!IsAnyMouseDown())
+            {
+                if (focused_viewport->Window != NULL)
+                    FocusWindow(NavRestoreLastChildNavWindow(focused_viewport->Window));
+                else if (focused_viewport->LastFocusedHadNavWindow)
+                    FocusTopMostWindowUnderOne(NULL, NULL, focused_viewport);
+                else
+                    FocusWindow(NULL);
+            }
+        }
+        if (focused_viewport)
+            focused_viewport->LastFocusedHadNavWindow = (g.NavWindow != NULL) && (g.NavWindow->Viewport == focused_viewport);
+    }
+
+    // Create/update main viewport with current platform position.
+    // FIXME-VIEWPORT: Size is driven by backend/user code for backward-compatibility but we should aim to make this more consistent.
+    ImGuiViewportP* main_viewport = g.Viewports[0];
+    IM_ASSERT(main_viewport->ID == IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID);
+    IM_ASSERT(main_viewport->Window == NULL);
+    ImVec2 main_viewport_pos = viewports_enabled ? g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowPos(main_viewport) : ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    ImVec2 main_viewport_size = g.IO.DisplaySize;
+    if (viewports_enabled && (main_viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized))
+    {
+        main_viewport_pos = main_viewport->Pos;    // Preserve last pos/size when minimized (FIXME: We don't do the same for Size outside of the viewport path)
+        main_viewport_size = main_viewport->Size;
+    }
+    AddUpdateViewport(NULL, IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID, main_viewport_pos, main_viewport_size, ImGuiViewportFlags_OwnedByApp | ImGuiViewportFlags_CanHostOtherWindows);
+
+    g.CurrentDpiScale = 0.0f;
+    g.CurrentViewport = NULL;
+    g.MouseViewport = NULL;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+        viewport->Idx = n;
+
+        // Erase unused viewports
+        if (n > 0 && viewport->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount - 2)
+        {
+            DestroyViewport(viewport);
+            n--;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        const bool platform_funcs_available = viewport->PlatformWindowCreated;
+        if (viewports_enabled)
+        {
+            // Update Position and Size (from Platform Window to ImGui) if requested.
+            // We do it early in the frame instead of waiting for UpdatePlatformWindows() to avoid a frame of lag when moving/resizing using OS facilities.
+            if (!(viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized) && platform_funcs_available)
+            {
+                // Viewport->WorkPos and WorkSize will be updated below
+                if (viewport->PlatformRequestMove)
+                    viewport->Pos = viewport->LastPlatformPos = g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowPos(viewport);
+                if (viewport->PlatformRequestResize)
+                    viewport->Size = viewport->LastPlatformSize = g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowSize(viewport);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update/copy monitor info
+        UpdateViewportPlatformMonitor(viewport);
+
+        // Lock down space taken by menu bars and status bars, reset the offset for functions like BeginMainMenuBar() to alter them again.
+        viewport->WorkOffsetMin = viewport->BuildWorkOffsetMin;
+        viewport->WorkOffsetMax = viewport->BuildWorkOffsetMax;
+        viewport->BuildWorkOffsetMin = viewport->BuildWorkOffsetMax = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        viewport->UpdateWorkRect();
+
+        // Reset alpha every frame. Users of transparency (docking) needs to request a lower alpha back.
+        viewport->Alpha = 1.0f;
+
+        // Translate Dear ImGui windows when a Host Viewport has been moved
+        // (This additionally keeps windows at the same place when ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable is toggled!)
+        const ImVec2 viewport_delta_pos = viewport->Pos - viewport->LastPos;
+        if ((viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_CanHostOtherWindows) && (viewport_delta_pos.x != 0.0f || viewport_delta_pos.y != 0.0f))
+            TranslateWindowsInViewport(viewport, viewport->LastPos, viewport->Pos);
+
+        // Update DPI scale
+        float new_dpi_scale;
+        if (g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowDpiScale && platform_funcs_available)
+            new_dpi_scale = g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowDpiScale(viewport);
+        else if (viewport->PlatformMonitor != -1)
+            new_dpi_scale = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[viewport->PlatformMonitor].DpiScale;
+        else
+            new_dpi_scale = (viewport->DpiScale != 0.0f) ? viewport->DpiScale : 1.0f;
+        if (viewport->DpiScale != 0.0f && new_dpi_scale != viewport->DpiScale)
+        {
+            float scale_factor = new_dpi_scale / viewport->DpiScale;
+            if (g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DpiEnableScaleViewports)
+                ScaleWindowsInViewport(viewport, scale_factor);
+            //if (viewport == GetMainViewport())
+            //    g.PlatformInterface.SetWindowSize(viewport, viewport->Size * scale_factor);
+
+            // Scale our window moving pivot so that the window will rescale roughly around the mouse position.
+            // FIXME-VIEWPORT: This currently creates a resizing feedback loop when a window is straddling a DPI transition border.
+            // (Minor: since our sizes do not perfectly linearly scale, deferring the click offset scale until we know the actual window scale ratio may get us slightly more precise mouse positioning.)
+            //if (g.MovingWindow != NULL && g.MovingWindow->Viewport == viewport)
+            //    g.ActiveIdClickOffset = ImFloor(g.ActiveIdClickOffset * scale_factor);
+        }
+        viewport->DpiScale = new_dpi_scale;
+    }
+
+    // Update fallback monitor
+    if (g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size == 0)
+    {
+        ImGuiPlatformMonitor* monitor = &g.FallbackMonitor;
+        monitor->MainPos = main_viewport->Pos;
+        monitor->MainSize = main_viewport->Size;
+        monitor->WorkPos = main_viewport->WorkPos;
+        monitor->WorkSize = main_viewport->WorkSize;
+        monitor->DpiScale = main_viewport->DpiScale;
+    }
+
+    if (!viewports_enabled)
+    {
+        g.MouseViewport = main_viewport;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Mouse handling: decide on the actual mouse viewport for this frame between the active/focused viewport and the hovered viewport.
+    // Note that 'viewport_hovered' should skip over any viewport that has the ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs flags set.
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport_hovered = NULL;
+    if (g.IO.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport)
+    {
+        viewport_hovered = g.IO.MouseHoveredViewport ? (ImGuiViewportP*)FindViewportByID(g.IO.MouseHoveredViewport) : NULL;
+        if (viewport_hovered && (viewport_hovered->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs))
+            viewport_hovered = FindHoveredViewportFromPlatformWindowStack(g.IO.MousePos); // Backend failed to handle _NoInputs viewport: revert to our fallback.
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // If the backend doesn't know how to honor ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs, we do a search ourselves. Note that this search:
+        // A) won't take account of the possibility that non-imgui windows may be in-between our dragged window and our target window.
+        // B) won't take account of how the backend apply parent<>child relationship to secondary viewports, which affects their Z order.
+        // C) uses LastFrameAsRefViewport as a flawed replacement for the last time a window was focused (we could/should fix that by introducing Focus functions in PlatformIO)
+        viewport_hovered = FindHoveredViewportFromPlatformWindowStack(g.IO.MousePos);
+    }
+    if (viewport_hovered != NULL)
+        g.MouseLastHoveredViewport = viewport_hovered;
+    else if (g.MouseLastHoveredViewport == NULL)
+        g.MouseLastHoveredViewport = g.Viewports[0];
+
+    // Update mouse reference viewport
+    // (when moving a window we aim at its viewport, but this will be overwritten below if we go in drag and drop mode)
+    // (MovingViewport->Viewport will be NULL in the rare situation where the window disappared while moving, set UpdateMouseMovingWindowNewFrame() for details)
+    if (g.MovingWindow && g.MovingWindow->Viewport)
+        g.MouseViewport = g.MovingWindow->Viewport;
+    else
+        g.MouseViewport = g.MouseLastHoveredViewport;
+
+    // When dragging something, always refer to the last hovered viewport.
+    // - when releasing a moving window we will revert to aiming behind (at viewport_hovered)
+    // - when we are between viewports, our dragged preview will tend to show in the last viewport _even_ if we don't have tooltips in their viewports (when lacking monitor info)
+    // - consider the case of holding on a menu item to browse child menus: even thou a mouse button is held, there's no active id because menu items only react on mouse release.
+    // FIXME-VIEWPORT: This is essentially broken, when ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport is set we want to trust when viewport_hovered==NULL and use that.
+    const bool is_mouse_dragging_with_an_expected_destination = g.DragDropActive;
+    if (is_mouse_dragging_with_an_expected_destination && viewport_hovered == NULL)
+        viewport_hovered = g.MouseLastHoveredViewport;
+    if (is_mouse_dragging_with_an_expected_destination || g.ActiveId == 0 || !IsAnyMouseDown())
+        if (viewport_hovered != NULL && viewport_hovered != g.MouseViewport && !(viewport_hovered->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs))
+            g.MouseViewport = viewport_hovered;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(g.MouseViewport != NULL);
+}
+
+// Update user-facing viewport list (g.Viewports -> g.PlatformIO.Viewports after filtering out some)
+static void ImGui::UpdateViewportsEndFrame()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.PlatformIO.Viewports.resize(0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < g.Viewports.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[i];
+        viewport->LastPos = viewport->Pos;
+        if (viewport->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount || viewport->Size.x <= 0.0f || viewport->Size.y <= 0.0f)
+            if (i > 0) // Always include main viewport in the list
+                continue;
+        if (viewport->Window && !IsWindowActiveAndVisible(viewport->Window))
+            continue;
+        if (i > 0)
+            IM_ASSERT(viewport->Window != NULL);
+        g.PlatformIO.Viewports.push_back(viewport);
+    }
+    g.Viewports[0]->ClearRequestFlags(); // Clear main viewport flags because UpdatePlatformWindows() won't do it and may not even be called
+}
+
+// FIXME: We should ideally refactor the system to call this every frame (we currently don't)
+ImGuiViewportP* ImGui::AddUpdateViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& pos, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiViewportFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(id != 0);
+
+    flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_IsPlatformWindow;
+    if (window != NULL)
+    {
+        if (g.MovingWindow && g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree == window)
+            flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing;
+        if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs) && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs))
+            flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs;
+        if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing)
+            flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing;
+    }
+
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = (ImGuiViewportP*)FindViewportByID(id);
+    if (viewport)
+    {
+        // Always update for main viewport as we are already pulling correct platform pos/size (see #4900)
+        if (!viewport->PlatformRequestMove || viewport->ID == IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID)
+            viewport->Pos = pos;
+        if (!viewport->PlatformRequestResize || viewport->ID == IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID)
+            viewport->Size = size;
+        viewport->Flags = flags | (viewport->Flags & (ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized | ImGuiViewportFlags_IsFocused)); // Preserve existing flags
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // New viewport
+        viewport = IM_NEW(ImGuiViewportP)();
+        viewport->ID = id;
+        viewport->Idx = g.Viewports.Size;
+        viewport->Pos = viewport->LastPos = pos;
+        viewport->Size = size;
+        viewport->Flags = flags;
+        UpdateViewportPlatformMonitor(viewport);
+        g.Viewports.push_back(viewport);
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT("[viewport] Add Viewport %08X '%s'\n", id, window ? window->Name : "<NULL>");
+
+        // We normally setup for all viewports in NewFrame() but here need to handle the mid-frame creation of a new viewport.
+        // We need to extend the fullscreen clip rect so the OverlayDrawList clip is correct for that the first frame
+        g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.x = ImMin(g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.x, viewport->Pos.x);
+        g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.y = ImMin(g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.y, viewport->Pos.y);
+        g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.z = ImMax(g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.z, viewport->Pos.x + viewport->Size.x);
+        g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.w = ImMax(g.DrawListSharedData.ClipRectFullscreen.w, viewport->Pos.y + viewport->Size.y);
+
+        // Store initial DpiScale before the OS platform window creation, based on expected monitor data.
+        // This is so we can select an appropriate font size on the first frame of our window lifetime
+        if (viewport->PlatformMonitor != -1)
+            viewport->DpiScale = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[viewport->PlatformMonitor].DpiScale;
+    }
+
+    viewport->Window = window;
+    viewport->LastFrameActive = g.FrameCount;
+    viewport->UpdateWorkRect();
+    IM_ASSERT(window == NULL || viewport->ID == window->ID);
+
+    if (window != NULL)
+        window->ViewportOwned = true;
+
+    return viewport;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DestroyViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport)
+{
+    // Clear references to this viewport in windows (window->ViewportId becomes the master data)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int window_n = 0; window_n < g.Windows.Size; window_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[window_n];
+        if (window->Viewport != viewport)
+            continue;
+        window->Viewport = NULL;
+        window->ViewportOwned = false;
+    }
+    if (viewport == g.MouseLastHoveredViewport)
+        g.MouseLastHoveredViewport = NULL;
+
+    // Destroy
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT("[viewport] Delete Viewport %08X '%s'\n", viewport->ID, viewport->Window ? viewport->Window->Name : "n/a");
+    DestroyPlatformWindow(viewport); // In most circumstances the platform window will already be destroyed here.
+    IM_ASSERT(g.PlatformIO.Viewports.contains(viewport) == false);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Viewports[viewport->Idx] == viewport);
+    g.Viewports.erase(g.Viewports.Data + viewport->Idx);
+    IM_DELETE(viewport);
+}
+
+// FIXME-VIEWPORT: This is all super messy and ought to be clarified or rewritten.
+static void ImGui::WindowSelectViewport(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindowFlags flags = window->Flags;
+    window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend = -1;
+
+    // Restore main viewport if multi-viewport is not supported by the backend
+    ImGuiViewportP* main_viewport = (ImGuiViewportP*)(void*)GetMainViewport();
+    if (!(g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable))
+    {
+        SetWindowViewport(window, main_viewport);
+        return;
+    }
+    window->ViewportOwned = false;
+
+    // Appearing popups reset their viewport so they can inherit again
+    if ((flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)) && window->Appearing)
+    {
+        window->Viewport = NULL;
+        window->ViewportId = 0;
+    }
+
+    if ((g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasViewport) == 0)
+    {
+        // By default inherit from parent window
+        if (window->Viewport == NULL && window->ParentWindow && (!window->ParentWindow->IsFallbackWindow || window->ParentWindow->WasActive))
+            window->Viewport = window->ParentWindow->Viewport;
+
+        // Attempt to restore saved viewport id (= window that hasn't been activated yet), try to restore the viewport based on saved 'window->ViewportPos' restored from .ini file
+        if (window->Viewport == NULL && window->ViewportId != 0)
+        {
+            window->Viewport = (ImGuiViewportP*)FindViewportByID(window->ViewportId);
+            if (window->Viewport == NULL && window->ViewportPos.x != FLT_MAX && window->ViewportPos.y != FLT_MAX)
+                window->Viewport = AddUpdateViewport(window, window->ID, window->ViewportPos, window->Size, ImGuiViewportFlags_None);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool lock_viewport = false;
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasViewport)
+    {
+        // Code explicitly request a viewport
+        window->Viewport = (ImGuiViewportP*)FindViewportByID(g.NextWindowData.ViewportId);
+        window->ViewportId = g.NextWindowData.ViewportId; // Store ID even if Viewport isn't resolved yet.
+        lock_viewport = true;
+    }
+    else if ((flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) || (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))
+    {
+        // Always inherit viewport from parent window
+        if (window->DockNode && window->DockNode->HostWindow)
+            IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode->HostWindow->Viewport == window->ParentWindow->Viewport);
+        window->Viewport = window->ParentWindow->Viewport;
+    }
+    else if (window->DockNode && window->DockNode->HostWindow)
+    {
+        // This covers the "always inherit viewport from parent window" case for when a window reattach to a node that was just created mid-frame
+        window->Viewport = window->DockNode->HostWindow->Viewport;
+    }
+    else if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)
+    {
+        window->Viewport = g.MouseViewport;
+    }
+    else if (GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnViewport(window))
+    {
+        window->Viewport = AddUpdateViewport(window, window->ID, window->Pos, window->Size, ImGuiViewportFlags_None);
+    }
+    else if (g.MovingWindow && g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree == window && IsMousePosValid())
+    {
+        if (window->Viewport != NULL && window->Viewport->Window == window)
+            window->Viewport = AddUpdateViewport(window, window->ID, window->Pos, window->Size, ImGuiViewportFlags_None);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Merge into host viewport?
+        // We cannot test window->ViewportOwned as it set lower in the function.
+        // Testing (g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap) to avoid merging during a short-term widget interaction. Main intent was to avoid during resize (see #4212)
+        bool try_to_merge_into_host_viewport = (window->Viewport && window == window->Viewport->Window && (g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap));
+        if (try_to_merge_into_host_viewport)
+            UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewports(window);
+    }
+
+    // Fallback: merge in default viewport if z-order matches, otherwise create a new viewport
+    if (window->Viewport == NULL)
+        if (!UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewport(window, main_viewport))
+            window->Viewport = AddUpdateViewport(window, window->ID, window->Pos, window->Size, ImGuiViewportFlags_None);
+
+    // Mark window as allowed to protrude outside of its viewport and into the current monitor
+    if (!lock_viewport)
+    {
+        if (flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip | ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup))
+        {
+            // We need to take account of the possibility that mouse may become invalid.
+            // Popups/Tooltip always set ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend so GetWindowAllowedExtentRect() will return full monitor bounds.
+            ImVec2 mouse_ref = (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip) ? g.IO.MousePos : g.BeginPopupStack.back().OpenMousePos;
+            bool use_mouse_ref = (g.NavDisableHighlight || !g.NavDisableMouseHover || !g.NavWindow);
+            bool mouse_valid = IsMousePosValid(&mouse_ref);
+            if ((window->Appearing || (flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip | ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))) && (!use_mouse_ref || mouse_valid))
+                window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend = FindPlatformMonitorForPos((use_mouse_ref && mouse_valid) ? mouse_ref : NavCalcPreferredRefPos());
+            else
+                window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend = window->Viewport->PlatformMonitor;
+        }
+        else if (window->Viewport && window != window->Viewport->Window && window->Viewport->Window && !(flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && window->DockNode == NULL)
+        {
+            // When called from Begin() we don't have access to a proper version of the Hidden flag yet, so we replicate this code.
+            const bool will_be_visible = (window->DockIsActive && !window->DockTabIsVisible) ? false : true;
+            if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost) && window->Viewport->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount && will_be_visible)
+            {
+                // Steal/transfer ownership
+                IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT("[viewport] Window '%s' steal Viewport %08X from Window '%s'\n", window->Name, window->Viewport->ID, window->Viewport->Window->Name);
+                window->Viewport->Window = window;
+                window->Viewport->ID = window->ID;
+                window->Viewport->LastNameHash = 0;
+            }
+            else if (!UpdateTryMergeWindowIntoHostViewports(window)) // Merge?
+            {
+                // New viewport
+                window->Viewport = AddUpdateViewport(window, window->ID, window->Pos, window->Size, ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend < 0 && (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) == 0)
+        {
+            // Regular (non-child, non-popup) windows by default are also allowed to protrude
+            // Child windows are kept contained within their parent.
+            window->ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend = window->Viewport->PlatformMonitor;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update flags
+    window->ViewportOwned = (window == window->Viewport->Window);
+    window->ViewportId = window->Viewport->ID;
+
+    // If the OS window has a title bar, hide our imgui title bar
+    //if (window->ViewportOwned && !(window->Viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoDecoration))
+    //    window->Flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;
+}
+
+void ImGui::WindowSyncOwnedViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* parent_window_in_stack)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    bool viewport_rect_changed = false;
+
+    // Synchronize window --> viewport in most situations
+    // Synchronize viewport -> window in case the platform window has been moved or resized from the OS/WM
+    if (window->Viewport->PlatformRequestMove)
+    {
+        window->Pos = window->Viewport->Pos;
+        MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+    }
+    else if (memcmp(&window->Viewport->Pos, &window->Pos, sizeof(window->Pos)) != 0)
+    {
+        viewport_rect_changed = true;
+        window->Viewport->Pos = window->Pos;
+    }
+
+    if (window->Viewport->PlatformRequestResize)
+    {
+        window->Size = window->SizeFull = window->Viewport->Size;
+        MarkIniSettingsDirty(window);
+    }
+    else if (memcmp(&window->Viewport->Size, &window->Size, sizeof(window->Size)) != 0)
+    {
+        viewport_rect_changed = true;
+        window->Viewport->Size = window->Size;
+    }
+    window->Viewport->UpdateWorkRect();
+
+    // The viewport may have changed monitor since the global update in UpdateViewportsNewFrame()
+    // Either a SetNextWindowPos() call in the current frame or a SetWindowPos() call in the previous frame may have this effect.
+    if (viewport_rect_changed)
+        UpdateViewportPlatformMonitor(window->Viewport);
+
+    // Update common viewport flags
+    const ImGuiViewportFlags viewport_flags_to_clear = ImGuiViewportFlags_TopMost | ImGuiViewportFlags_NoTaskBarIcon | ImGuiViewportFlags_NoDecoration | ImGuiViewportFlags_NoRendererClear;
+    ImGuiViewportFlags viewport_flags = window->Viewport->Flags & ~viewport_flags_to_clear;
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = window->Flags;
+    const bool is_modal = (window_flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal) != 0;
+    const bool is_short_lived_floating_window = (window_flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu | ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip | ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup)) != 0;
+    if (window_flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)
+        viewport_flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_TopMost;
+    if ((g.IO.ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon || is_short_lived_floating_window) && !is_modal)
+        viewport_flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoTaskBarIcon;
+    if (g.IO.ConfigViewportsNoDecoration || is_short_lived_floating_window)
+        viewport_flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoDecoration;
+
+    // Not correct to set modal as topmost because:
+    // - Because other popups can be stacked above a modal (e.g. combo box in a modal)
+    // - ImGuiViewportFlags_TopMost is currently handled different in backends: in Win32 it is "appear top most" whereas in GLFW and SDL it is "stay topmost"
+    //if (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)
+    //    viewport_flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_TopMost;
+
+    // For popups and menus that may be protruding out of their parent viewport, we enable _NoFocusOnClick so that clicking on them
+    // won't steal the OS focus away from their parent window (which may be reflected in OS the title bar decoration).
+    // Setting _NoFocusOnClick would technically prevent us from bringing back to front in case they are being covered by an OS window from a different app,
+    // but it shouldn't be much of a problem considering those are already popups that are closed when clicking elsewhere.
+    if (is_short_lived_floating_window && !is_modal)
+        viewport_flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing | ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnClick;
+
+    // We can overwrite viewport flags using ImGuiWindowClass (advanced users)
+    if (window->WindowClass.ViewportFlagsOverrideSet)
+        viewport_flags |= window->WindowClass.ViewportFlagsOverrideSet;
+    if (window->WindowClass.ViewportFlagsOverrideClear)
+        viewport_flags &= ~window->WindowClass.ViewportFlagsOverrideClear;
+
+    // We can also tell the backend that clearing the platform window won't be necessary,
+    // as our window background is filling the viewport and we have disabled BgAlpha.
+    // FIXME: Work on support for per-viewport transparency (#2766)
+    if (!(window_flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground))
+        viewport_flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoRendererClear;
+
+    window->Viewport->Flags = viewport_flags;
+
+    // Update parent viewport ID
+    // (the !IsFallbackWindow test mimic the one done in WindowSelectViewport())
+    if (window->WindowClass.ParentViewportId != (ImGuiID)-1)
+        window->Viewport->ParentViewportId = window->WindowClass.ParentViewportId;
+    else if ((window_flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)) && parent_window_in_stack && (!parent_window_in_stack->IsFallbackWindow || parent_window_in_stack->WasActive))
+        window->Viewport->ParentViewportId = parent_window_in_stack->Viewport->ID;
+    else
+        window->Viewport->ParentViewportId = g.IO.ConfigViewportsNoDefaultParent ? 0 : IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID;
+}
+
+// Called by user at the end of the main loop, after EndFrame()
+// This will handle the creation/update of all OS windows via function defined in the ImGuiPlatformIO api.
+void ImGui::UpdatePlatformWindows()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.FrameCountEnded == g.FrameCount && "Forgot to call Render() or EndFrame() before UpdatePlatformWindows()?");
+    IM_ASSERT(g.FrameCountPlatformEnded < g.FrameCount);
+    g.FrameCountPlatformEnded = g.FrameCount;
+    if (!(g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable))
+        return;
+
+    // Create/resize/destroy platform windows to match each active viewport.
+    // Skip the main viewport (index 0), which is always fully handled by the application!
+    for (int i = 1; i < g.Viewports.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[i];
+
+        // Destroy platform window if the viewport hasn't been submitted or if it is hosting a hidden window
+        // (the implicit/fallback Debug##Default window will be registering its viewport then be disabled, causing a dummy DestroyPlatformWindow to be made each frame)
+        bool destroy_platform_window = false;
+        destroy_platform_window |= (viewport->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount - 1);
+        destroy_platform_window |= (viewport->Window && !IsWindowActiveAndVisible(viewport->Window));
+        if (destroy_platform_window)
+        {
+            DestroyPlatformWindow(viewport);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // New windows that appears directly in a new viewport won't always have a size on their first frame
+        if (viewport->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount || viewport->Size.x <= 0 || viewport->Size.y <= 0)
+            continue;
+
+        // Create window
+        const bool is_new_platform_window = (viewport->PlatformWindowCreated == false);
+        if (is_new_platform_window)
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT("[viewport] Create Platform Window %08X '%s'\n", viewport->ID, viewport->Window ? viewport->Window->Name : "n/a");
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_CreateWindow(viewport);
+            if (g.PlatformIO.Renderer_CreateWindow != NULL)
+                g.PlatformIO.Renderer_CreateWindow(viewport);
+            viewport->LastNameHash = 0;
+            viewport->LastPlatformPos = viewport->LastPlatformSize = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX); // By clearing those we'll enforce a call to Platform_SetWindowPos/Size below, before Platform_ShowWindow (FIXME: Is that necessary?)
+            viewport->LastRendererSize = viewport->Size;                                       // We don't need to call Renderer_SetWindowSize() as it is expected Renderer_CreateWindow() already did it.
+            viewport->PlatformWindowCreated = true;
+        }
+
+        // Apply Position and Size (from ImGui to Platform/Renderer backends)
+        if ((viewport->LastPlatformPos.x != viewport->Pos.x || viewport->LastPlatformPos.y != viewport->Pos.y) && !viewport->PlatformRequestMove)
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowPos(viewport, viewport->Pos);
+        if ((viewport->LastPlatformSize.x != viewport->Size.x || viewport->LastPlatformSize.y != viewport->Size.y) && !viewport->PlatformRequestResize)
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowSize(viewport, viewport->Size);
+        if ((viewport->LastRendererSize.x != viewport->Size.x || viewport->LastRendererSize.y != viewport->Size.y) && g.PlatformIO.Renderer_SetWindowSize)
+            g.PlatformIO.Renderer_SetWindowSize(viewport, viewport->Size);
+        viewport->LastPlatformPos = viewport->Pos;
+        viewport->LastPlatformSize = viewport->LastRendererSize = viewport->Size;
+
+        // Update title bar (if it changed)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* window_for_title = GetWindowForTitleDisplay(viewport->Window))
+        {
+            const char* title_begin = window_for_title->Name;
+            char* title_end = (char*)(intptr_t)FindRenderedTextEnd(title_begin);
+            const ImGuiID title_hash = ImHashStr(title_begin, title_end - title_begin);
+            if (viewport->LastNameHash != title_hash)
+            {
+                char title_end_backup_c = *title_end;
+                *title_end = 0; // Cut existing buffer short instead of doing an alloc/free, no small gain.
+                g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowTitle(viewport, title_begin);
+                *title_end = title_end_backup_c;
+                viewport->LastNameHash = title_hash;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update alpha (if it changed)
+        if (viewport->LastAlpha != viewport->Alpha && g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowAlpha)
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_SetWindowAlpha(viewport, viewport->Alpha);
+        viewport->LastAlpha = viewport->Alpha;
+
+        // Optional, general purpose call to allow the backend to perform general book-keeping even if things haven't changed.
+        if (g.PlatformIO.Platform_UpdateWindow)
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_UpdateWindow(viewport);
+
+        if (is_new_platform_window)
+        {
+            // On startup ensure new platform window don't steal focus (give it a few frames, as nested contents may lead to viewport being created a few frames late)
+            if (g.FrameCount < 3)
+                viewport->Flags |= ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing;
+
+            // Show window
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_ShowWindow(viewport);
+
+            // Even without focus, we assume the window becomes front-most.
+            // This is useful for our platform z-order heuristic when io.MouseHoveredViewport is not available.
+            if (viewport->LastFocusedStampCount != g.ViewportFocusedStampCount)
+                viewport->LastFocusedStampCount = ++g.ViewportFocusedStampCount;
+        }
+
+        // Clear request flags
+        viewport->ClearRequestFlags();
+    }
+}
+
+// This is a default/basic function for performing the rendering/swap of multiple Platform Windows.
+// Custom renderers may prefer to not call this function at all, and instead iterate the publicly exposed platform data and handle rendering/sync themselves.
+// The Render/Swap functions stored in ImGuiPlatformIO are merely here to allow for this helper to exist, but you can do it yourself:
+//
+//    ImGuiPlatformIO& platform_io = ImGui::GetPlatformIO();
+//    for (int i = 1; i < platform_io.Viewports.Size; i++)
+//        if ((platform_io.Viewports[i]->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_Minimized) == 0)
+//            MyRenderFunction(platform_io.Viewports[i], my_args);
+//    for (int i = 1; i < platform_io.Viewports.Size; i++)
+//        if ((platform_io.Viewports[i]->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_Minimized) == 0)
+//            MySwapBufferFunction(platform_io.Viewports[i], my_args);
+//
+void ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault(void* platform_render_arg, void* renderer_render_arg)
+{
+    // Skip the main viewport (index 0), which is always fully handled by the application!
+    ImGuiPlatformIO& platform_io = ImGui::GetPlatformIO();
+    for (int i = 1; i < platform_io.Viewports.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewport* viewport = platform_io.Viewports[i];
+        if (viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized)
+            continue;
+        if (platform_io.Platform_RenderWindow) platform_io.Platform_RenderWindow(viewport, platform_render_arg);
+        if (platform_io.Renderer_RenderWindow) platform_io.Renderer_RenderWindow(viewport, renderer_render_arg);
+    }
+    for (int i = 1; i < platform_io.Viewports.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewport* viewport = platform_io.Viewports[i];
+        if (viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized)
+            continue;
+        if (platform_io.Platform_SwapBuffers) platform_io.Platform_SwapBuffers(viewport, platform_render_arg);
+        if (platform_io.Renderer_SwapBuffers) platform_io.Renderer_SwapBuffers(viewport, renderer_render_arg);
+    }
+}
+
+static int ImGui::FindPlatformMonitorForPos(const ImVec2& pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int monitor_n = 0; monitor_n < g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size; monitor_n++)
+    {
+        const ImGuiPlatformMonitor& monitor = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[monitor_n];
+        if (ImRect(monitor.MainPos, monitor.MainPos + monitor.MainSize).Contains(pos))
+            return monitor_n;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+// Search for the monitor with the largest intersection area with the given rectangle
+// We generally try to avoid searching loops but the monitor count should be very small here
+// FIXME-OPT: We could test the last monitor used for that viewport first, and early
+static int ImGui::FindPlatformMonitorForRect(const ImRect& rect)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    const int monitor_count = g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size;
+    if (monitor_count <= 1)
+        return monitor_count - 1;
+
+    // Use a minimum threshold of 1.0f so a zero-sized rect won't false positive, and will still find the correct monitor given its position.
+    // This is necessary for tooltips which always resize down to zero at first.
+    const float surface_threshold = ImMax(rect.GetWidth() * rect.GetHeight() * 0.5f, 1.0f);
+    int best_monitor_n = -1;
+    float best_monitor_surface = 0.001f;
+
+    for (int monitor_n = 0; monitor_n < g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size && best_monitor_surface < surface_threshold; monitor_n++)
+    {
+        const ImGuiPlatformMonitor& monitor = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[monitor_n];
+        const ImRect monitor_rect = ImRect(monitor.MainPos, monitor.MainPos + monitor.MainSize);
+        if (monitor_rect.Contains(rect))
+            return monitor_n;
+        ImRect overlapping_rect = rect;
+        overlapping_rect.ClipWithFull(monitor_rect);
+        float overlapping_surface = overlapping_rect.GetWidth() * overlapping_rect.GetHeight();
+        if (overlapping_surface < best_monitor_surface)
+            continue;
+        best_monitor_surface = overlapping_surface;
+        best_monitor_n = monitor_n;
+    }
+    return best_monitor_n;
+}
+
+// Update monitor from viewport rectangle (we'll use this info to clamp windows and save windows lost in a removed monitor)
+static void ImGui::UpdateViewportPlatformMonitor(ImGuiViewportP* viewport)
+{
+    viewport->PlatformMonitor = (short)FindPlatformMonitorForRect(viewport->GetMainRect());
+}
+
+// Return value is always != NULL, but don't hold on it across frames.
+const ImGuiPlatformMonitor* ImGui::GetViewportPlatformMonitor(ImGuiViewport* viewport_p)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = (ImGuiViewportP*)(void*)viewport_p;
+    int monitor_idx = viewport->PlatformMonitor;
+    if (monitor_idx >= 0 && monitor_idx < g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size)
+        return &g.PlatformIO.Monitors[monitor_idx];
+    return &g.FallbackMonitor;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DestroyPlatformWindow(ImGuiViewportP* viewport)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (viewport->PlatformWindowCreated)
+    {
+        if (g.PlatformIO.Renderer_DestroyWindow)
+            g.PlatformIO.Renderer_DestroyWindow(viewport);
+        if (g.PlatformIO.Platform_DestroyWindow)
+            g.PlatformIO.Platform_DestroyWindow(viewport);
+        IM_ASSERT(viewport->RendererUserData == NULL && viewport->PlatformUserData == NULL);
+
+        // Don't clear PlatformWindowCreated for the main viewport, as we initially set that up to true in Initialize()
+        // The righter way may be to leave it to the backend to set this flag all-together, and made the flag public.
+        if (viewport->ID != IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID)
+            viewport->PlatformWindowCreated = false;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(viewport->RendererUserData == NULL && viewport->PlatformUserData == NULL && viewport->PlatformHandle == NULL);
+    }
+    viewport->RendererUserData = viewport->PlatformUserData = viewport->PlatformHandle = NULL;
+    viewport->ClearRequestFlags();
+}
+
+void ImGui::DestroyPlatformWindows()
+{
+    // We call the destroy window on every viewport (including the main viewport, index 0) to give a chance to the backend
+    // to clear any data they may have stored in e.g. PlatformUserData, RendererUserData.
+    // It is convenient for the platform backend code to store something in the main viewport, in order for e.g. the mouse handling
+    // code to operator a consistent manner.
+    // It is expected that the backend can handle calls to Renderer_DestroyWindow/Platform_DestroyWindow without
+    // crashing if it doesn't have data stored.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int i = 0; i < g.Viewports.Size; i++)
+        DestroyPlatformWindow(g.Viewports[i]);
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] DOCKING
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: Internal Types
+// Docking: Forward Declarations
+// Docking: ImGuiDockContext
+// Docking: ImGuiDockContext Docking/Undocking functions
+// Docking: ImGuiDockNode
+// Docking: ImGuiDockNode Tree manipulation functions
+// Docking: Public Functions (SetWindowDock, DockSpace, DockSpaceOverViewport)
+// Docking: Builder Functions
+// Docking: Begin/End Support Functions (called from Begin/End)
+// Docking: Settings
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Typical Docking call flow: (root level is generally public API):
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - NewFrame()                               new dear imgui frame
+//    | DockContextNewFrameUpdateUndocking()  - process queued undocking requests
+//    | - DockContextProcessUndockWindow()    - process one window undocking request
+//    | - DockContextProcessUndockNode()      - process one whole node undocking request
+//    | DockContextNewFrameUpdateUndocking()  - process queue docking requests, create floating dock nodes
+//    | - update g.HoveredDockNode            - [debug] update node hovered by mouse
+//    | - DockContextProcessDock()            - process one docking request
+//    | - DockNodeUpdate()
+//    |   - DockNodeUpdateForRootNode()
+//    |     - DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse()
+//    |     - DockNodeFindInfo()
+//    |   - destroy unused node or tab bar
+//    |   - create dock node host window
+//    |      - Begin() etc.
+//    |   - DockNodeStartMouseMovingWindow()
+//    |   - DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize()
+//    |   - DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitter()
+//    |   - draw node background
+//    |   - DockNodeUpdateTabBar()            - create/update tab bar for a docking node
+//    |     - DockNodeAddTabBar()
+//    |     - DockNodeUpdateWindowMenu()
+//    |     - DockNodeCalcTabBarLayout()
+//    |     - BeginTabBarEx()
+//    |     - TabItemEx() calls
+//    |     - EndTabBar()
+//    |   - BeginDockableDragDropTarget()
+//    |      - DockNodeUpdate()               - recurse into child nodes...
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DockSpace()                              user submit a dockspace into a window
+//    | Begin(Child)                          - create a child window
+//    | DockNodeUpdate()                      - call main dock node update function
+//    | End(Child)
+//    | ItemSize()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - Begin()
+//    | BeginDocked()
+//    | BeginDockableDragDropSource()
+//    | BeginDockableDragDropTarget()
+//    | - DockNodePreviewDockRender()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - EndFrame()
+//    | DockContextEndFrame()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: Internal Types
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ImGuiDockRequestType
+// - ImGuiDockRequest
+// - ImGuiDockPreviewData
+// - ImGuiDockNodeSettings
+// - ImGuiDockContext
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+enum ImGuiDockRequestType
+{
+    ImGuiDockRequestType_None = 0,
+    ImGuiDockRequestType_Dock,
+    ImGuiDockRequestType_Undock,
+    ImGuiDockRequestType_Split                  // Split is the same as Dock but without a DockPayload
+};
+
+struct ImGuiDockRequest
+{
+    ImGuiDockRequestType    Type;
+    ImGuiWindow*            DockTargetWindow;   // Destination/Target Window to dock into (may be a loose window or a DockNode, might be NULL in which case DockTargetNode cannot be NULL)
+    ImGuiDockNode*          DockTargetNode;     // Destination/Target Node to dock into
+    ImGuiWindow*            DockPayload;        // Source/Payload window to dock (may be a loose window or a DockNode), [Optional]
+    ImGuiDir                DockSplitDir;
+    float                   DockSplitRatio;
+    bool                    DockSplitOuter;
+    ImGuiWindow*            UndockTargetWindow;
+    ImGuiDockNode*          UndockTargetNode;
+
+    ImGuiDockRequest()
+    {
+        Type = ImGuiDockRequestType_None;
+        DockTargetWindow = DockPayload = UndockTargetWindow = NULL;
+        DockTargetNode = UndockTargetNode = NULL;
+        DockSplitDir = ImGuiDir_None;
+        DockSplitRatio = 0.5f;
+        DockSplitOuter = false;
+    }
+};
+
+struct ImGuiDockPreviewData
+{
+    ImGuiDockNode   FutureNode;
+    bool            IsDropAllowed;
+    bool            IsCenterAvailable;
+    bool            IsSidesAvailable;           // Hold your breath, grammar freaks..
+    bool            IsSplitDirExplicit;         // Set when hovered the drop rect (vs. implicit SplitDir==None when hovered the window)
+    ImGuiDockNode*  SplitNode;
+    ImGuiDir        SplitDir;
+    float           SplitRatio;
+    ImRect          DropRectsDraw[ImGuiDir_COUNT + 1];  // May be slightly different from hit-testing drop rects used in DockNodeCalcDropRects()
+
+    ImGuiDockPreviewData() : FutureNode(0) { IsDropAllowed = IsCenterAvailable = IsSidesAvailable = IsSplitDirExplicit = false; SplitNode = NULL; SplitDir = ImGuiDir_None; SplitRatio = 0.f; for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(DropRectsDraw); n++) DropRectsDraw[n] = ImRect(+FLT_MAX, +FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX); }
+};
+
+// Persistent Settings data, stored contiguously in SettingsNodes (sizeof() ~32 bytes)
+struct ImGuiDockNodeSettings
+{
+    ImGuiID             ID;
+    ImGuiID             ParentNodeId;
+    ImGuiID             ParentWindowId;
+    ImGuiID             SelectedTabId;
+    signed char         SplitAxis;
+    char                Depth;
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags  Flags;                  // NB: We save individual flags one by one in ascii format (ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SavedFlagsMask_)
+    ImVec2ih            Pos;
+    ImVec2ih            Size;
+    ImVec2ih            SizeRef;
+    ImGuiDockNodeSettings() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); SplitAxis = ImGuiAxis_None; }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: Forward Declarations
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    // ImGuiDockContext
+    static ImGuiDockNode*   DockContextAddNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id);
+    static void             DockContextRemoveNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node, bool merge_sibling_into_parent_node);
+    static void             DockContextQueueNotifyRemovedNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockContextProcessDock(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockRequest* req);
+    static void             DockContextPruneUnusedSettingsNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    static ImGuiDockNode*   DockContextBindNodeToWindow(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* window);
+    static void             DockContextBuildNodesFromSettings(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNodeSettings* node_settings_array, int node_settings_count);
+    static void             DockContextBuildAddWindowsToNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID root_id);                            // Use root_id==0 to add all
+
+    // ImGuiDockNode
+    static void             DockNodeAddWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* window, bool add_to_tab_bar);
+    static void             DockNodeMoveWindows(ImGuiDockNode* dst_node, ImGuiDockNode* src_node);
+    static void             DockNodeMoveChildNodes(ImGuiDockNode* dst_node, ImGuiDockNode* src_node);
+    static ImGuiWindow*     DockNodeFindWindowByID(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiID id);
+    static void             DockNodeApplyPosSizeToWindows(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeRemoveWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID save_dock_id);
+    static void             DockNodeHideHostWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeUpdate(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeUpdateForRootNode(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeUpdateHasCentralNodeChild(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeUpdateTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* host_window);
+    static void             DockNodeAddTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeRemoveTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeWindowMenuUpdate(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+    static void             DockNodeUpdateVisibleFlag(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static void             DockNodeStartMouseMovingWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* window);
+    static bool             DockNodeIsDropAllowed(ImGuiWindow* host_window, ImGuiWindow* payload_window);
+    static void             DockNodePreviewDockSetup(ImGuiWindow* host_window, ImGuiDockNode* host_node, ImGuiWindow* payload_window, ImGuiDockNode* payload_node, ImGuiDockPreviewData* preview_data, bool is_explicit_target, bool is_outer_docking);
+    static void             DockNodePreviewDockRender(ImGuiWindow* host_window, ImGuiDockNode* host_node, ImGuiWindow* payload_window, const ImGuiDockPreviewData* preview_data);
+    static void             DockNodeCalcTabBarLayout(const ImGuiDockNode* node, ImRect* out_title_rect, ImRect* out_tab_bar_rect, ImVec2* out_window_menu_button_pos, ImVec2* out_close_button_pos);
+    static void             DockNodeCalcSplitRects(ImVec2& pos_old, ImVec2& size_old, ImVec2& pos_new, ImVec2& size_new, ImGuiDir dir, ImVec2 size_new_desired);
+    static bool             DockNodeCalcDropRectsAndTestMousePos(const ImRect& parent, ImGuiDir dir, ImRect& out_draw, bool outer_docking, ImVec2* test_mouse_pos);
+    static const char*      DockNodeGetHostWindowTitle(ImGuiDockNode* node, char* buf, int buf_size) { ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, "##DockNode_%02X", node->ID); return buf; }
+    static int              DockNodeGetTabOrder(ImGuiWindow* window);
+
+    // ImGuiDockNode tree manipulations
+    static void             DockNodeTreeSplit(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* parent_node, ImGuiAxis split_axis, int split_first_child, float split_ratio, ImGuiDockNode* new_node);
+    static void             DockNodeTreeMerge(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* parent_node, ImGuiDockNode* merge_lead_child);
+    static void             DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImVec2 pos, ImVec2 size, ImGuiDockNode* only_write_to_single_node = NULL);
+    static void             DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitter(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    static ImGuiDockNode*   DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImVec2 pos);
+    static ImGuiDockNode*   DockNodeTreeFindFallbackLeafNode(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+
+    // Settings
+    static void             DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(ImGuiID old_node_id, ImGuiID new_node_id);
+    static void             DockSettingsRemoveNodeReferences(ImGuiID* node_ids, int node_ids_count);
+    static ImGuiDockNodeSettings*   DockSettingsFindNodeSettings(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID node_id);
+    static void             DockSettingsHandler_ClearAll(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*);
+    static void             DockSettingsHandler_ApplyAll(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*);
+    static void*            DockSettingsHandler_ReadOpen(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, const char* name);
+    static void             DockSettingsHandler_ReadLine(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, void* entry, const char* line);
+    static void             DockSettingsHandler_WriteAll(ImGuiContext* imgui_ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler, ImGuiTextBuffer* buf);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: ImGuiDockContext
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// The lifetime model is different from the one of regular windows: we always create a ImGuiDockNode for each ImGuiDockNodeSettings,
+// or we always hold the entire docking node tree. Nodes are frequently hidden, e.g. if the window(s) or child nodes they host are not active.
+// At boot time only, we run a simple GC to remove nodes that have no references.
+// Because dock node settings (which are small, contiguous structures) are always mirrored by their corresponding dock nodes (more complete structures),
+// we can also very easily recreate the nodes from scratch given the settings data (this is what DockContextRebuild() does).
+// This is convenient as docking reconfiguration can be implemented by mostly poking at the simpler settings data.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DockContextInitialize()
+// - DockContextShutdown()
+// - DockContextClearNodes()
+// - DockContextRebuildNodes()
+// - DockContextNewFrameUpdateUndocking()
+// - DockContextNewFrameUpdateDocking()
+// - DockContextEndFrame()
+// - DockContextFindNodeByID()
+// - DockContextBindNodeToWindow()
+// - DockContextGenNodeID()
+// - DockContextAddNode()
+// - DockContextRemoveNode()
+// - ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData
+// - DockContextPruneUnusedSettingsNodes()
+// - DockContextBuildNodesFromSettings()
+// - DockContextBuildAddWindowsToNodes()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::DockContextInitialize(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+
+    // Add .ini handle for persistent docking data
+    ImGuiSettingsHandler ini_handler;
+    ini_handler.TypeName = "Docking";
+    ini_handler.TypeHash = ImHashStr("Docking");
+    ini_handler.ClearAllFn = DockSettingsHandler_ClearAll;
+    ini_handler.ReadInitFn = DockSettingsHandler_ClearAll; // Also clear on read
+    ini_handler.ReadOpenFn = DockSettingsHandler_ReadOpen;
+    ini_handler.ReadLineFn = DockSettingsHandler_ReadLine;
+    ini_handler.ApplyAllFn = DockSettingsHandler_ApplyAll;
+    ini_handler.WriteAllFn = DockSettingsHandler_WriteAll;
+    g.SettingsHandlers.push_back(ini_handler);
+
+    g.DockNodeWindowMenuHandler = &DockNodeWindowMenuHandler_Default;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextShutdown(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Nodes.Data.Size; n++)
+        if (ImGuiDockNode* node = (ImGuiDockNode*)dc->Nodes.Data[n].val_p)
+            IM_DELETE(node);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextClearNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID root_id, bool clear_settings_refs)
+{
+    IM_UNUSED(ctx);
+    IM_ASSERT(ctx == GImGui);
+    DockBuilderRemoveNodeDockedWindows(root_id, clear_settings_refs);
+    DockBuilderRemoveNodeChildNodes(root_id);
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] This function also acts as a defacto test to make sure we can rebuild from scratch without a glitch
+// (Different from DockSettingsHandler_ClearAll() + DockSettingsHandler_ApplyAll() because this reuses current settings!)
+void ImGui::DockContextRebuildNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc = &ctx->DockContext;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextRebuildNodes\n");
+    SaveIniSettingsToMemory();
+    ImGuiID root_id = 0; // Rebuild all
+    DockContextClearNodes(ctx, root_id, false);
+    DockContextBuildNodesFromSettings(ctx, dc->NodesSettings.Data, dc->NodesSettings.Size);
+    DockContextBuildAddWindowsToNodes(ctx, root_id);
+}
+
+// Docking context update function, called by NewFrame()
+void ImGui::DockContextNewFrameUpdateUndocking(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc = &ctx->DockContext;
+    if (!(g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable))
+    {
+        if (dc->Nodes.Data.Size > 0 || dc->Requests.Size > 0)
+            DockContextClearNodes(ctx, 0, true);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Setting NoSplit at runtime merges all nodes
+    if (g.IO.ConfigDockingNoSplit)
+        for (int n = 0; n < dc->Nodes.Data.Size; n++)
+            if (ImGuiDockNode* node = (ImGuiDockNode*)dc->Nodes.Data[n].val_p)
+                if (node->IsRootNode() && node->IsSplitNode())
+                {
+                    DockBuilderRemoveNodeChildNodes(node->ID);
+                    //dc->WantFullRebuild = true;
+                }
+
+    // Process full rebuild
+#if 0
+    if (ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGui::GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey_C)))
+        dc->WantFullRebuild = true;
+#endif
+    if (dc->WantFullRebuild)
+    {
+        DockContextRebuildNodes(ctx);
+        dc->WantFullRebuild = false;
+    }
+
+    // Process Undocking requests (we need to process them _before_ the UpdateMouseMovingWindowNewFrame call in NewFrame)
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Requests.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiDockRequest* req = &dc->Requests[n];
+        if (req->Type == ImGuiDockRequestType_Undock && req->UndockTargetWindow)
+            DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ctx, req->UndockTargetWindow);
+        else if (req->Type == ImGuiDockRequestType_Undock && req->UndockTargetNode)
+            DockContextProcessUndockNode(ctx, req->UndockTargetNode);
+    }
+}
+
+// Docking context update function, called by NewFrame()
+void ImGui::DockContextNewFrameUpdateDocking(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+    if (!(g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable))
+        return;
+
+    // [DEBUG] Store hovered dock node.
+    // We could in theory use DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos() on the root host dock node, but using ->DockNode is a good shortcut.
+    // Note this is mostly a debug thing and isn't actually used for docking target, because docking involve more detailed filtering.
+    g.DebugHoveredDockNode = NULL;
+    if (ImGuiWindow* hovered_window = g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow)
+    {
+        if (hovered_window->DockNodeAsHost)
+            g.DebugHoveredDockNode = DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos(hovered_window->DockNodeAsHost, g.IO.MousePos);
+        else if (hovered_window->RootWindow->DockNode)
+            g.DebugHoveredDockNode = hovered_window->RootWindow->DockNode;
+    }
+
+    // Process Docking requests
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Requests.Size; n++)
+        if (dc->Requests[n].Type == ImGuiDockRequestType_Dock)
+            DockContextProcessDock(ctx, &dc->Requests[n]);
+    dc->Requests.resize(0);
+
+    // Create windows for each automatic docking nodes
+    // We can have NULL pointers when we delete nodes, but because ID are recycled this should amortize nicely (and our node count will never be very high)
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Nodes.Data.Size; n++)
+        if (ImGuiDockNode* node = (ImGuiDockNode*)dc->Nodes.Data[n].val_p)
+            if (node->IsFloatingNode())
+                DockNodeUpdate(node);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextEndFrame(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    // Draw backgrounds of node missing their window
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc = &g.DockContext;
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Nodes.Data.Size; n++)
+        if (ImGuiDockNode* node = (ImGuiDockNode*)dc->Nodes.Data[n].val_p)
+            if (node->LastFrameActive == g.FrameCount && node->IsVisible && node->HostWindow && node->IsLeafNode() && !node->IsBgDrawnThisFrame)
+            {
+                ImRect bg_rect(node->Pos + ImVec2(0.0f, GetFrameHeight()), node->Pos + node->Size);
+                ImDrawFlags bg_rounding_flags = CalcRoundingFlagsForRectInRect(bg_rect, node->HostWindow->Rect(), DOCKING_SPLITTER_SIZE);
+                node->HostWindow->DrawList->ChannelsSetCurrent(DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG);
+                node->HostWindow->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bg_rect.Min, bg_rect.Max, node->LastBgColor, node->HostWindow->WindowRounding, bg_rounding_flags);
+            }
+}
+
+ImGuiDockNode* ImGui::DockContextFindNodeByID(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    return (ImGuiDockNode*)ctx->DockContext.Nodes.GetVoidPtr(id);
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::DockContextGenNodeID(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    // Generate an ID for new node (the exact ID value doesn't matter as long as it is not already used)
+    // FIXME-OPT FIXME-DOCK: This is suboptimal, even if the node count is small enough not to be a worry.0
+    // We should poke in ctx->Nodes to find a suitable ID faster. Even more so trivial that ctx->Nodes lookup is already sorted.
+    ImGuiID id = 0x0001;
+    while (DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, id) != NULL)
+        id++;
+    return id;
+}
+
+static ImGuiDockNode* ImGui::DockContextAddNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    // Generate an ID for the new node (the exact ID value doesn't matter as long as it is not already used) and add the first window.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    if (id == 0)
+        id = DockContextGenNodeID(ctx);
+    else
+        IM_ASSERT(DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, id) == NULL);
+
+    // We don't set node->LastFrameAlive on construction. Nodes are always created at all time to reflect .ini settings!
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextAddNode 0x%08X\n", id);
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = IM_NEW(ImGuiDockNode)(id);
+    ctx->DockContext.Nodes.SetVoidPtr(node->ID, node);
+    return node;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockContextRemoveNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node, bool merge_sibling_into_parent_node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextRemoveNode 0x%08X\n", node->ID);
+    IM_ASSERT(DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, node->ID) == node);
+    IM_ASSERT(node->ChildNodes[0] == NULL && node->ChildNodes[1] == NULL);
+    IM_ASSERT(node->Windows.Size == 0);
+
+    if (node->HostWindow)
+        node->HostWindow->DockNodeAsHost = NULL;
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* parent_node = node->ParentNode;
+    const bool merge = (merge_sibling_into_parent_node && parent_node != NULL);
+    if (merge)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(parent_node->ChildNodes[0] == node || parent_node->ChildNodes[1] == node);
+        ImGuiDockNode* sibling_node = (parent_node->ChildNodes[0] == node ? parent_node->ChildNodes[1] : parent_node->ChildNodes[0]);
+        DockNodeTreeMerge(&g, parent_node, sibling_node);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; parent_node && n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(parent_node->ChildNodes); n++)
+            if (parent_node->ChildNodes[n] == node)
+                node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[n] = NULL;
+        dc->Nodes.SetVoidPtr(node->ID, NULL);
+        IM_DELETE(node);
+    }
+}
+
+static int IMGUI_CDECL DockNodeComparerDepthMostFirst(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+{
+    const ImGuiDockNode* a = *(const ImGuiDockNode* const*)lhs;
+    const ImGuiDockNode* b = *(const ImGuiDockNode* const*)rhs;
+    return ImGui::DockNodeGetDepth(b) - ImGui::DockNodeGetDepth(a);
+}
+
+// Pre C++0x doesn't allow us to use a function-local type (without linkage) as template parameter, so we moved this here.
+struct ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData
+{
+    int         CountWindows, CountChildWindows, CountChildNodes;
+    ImGuiID     RootId;
+    ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData() { CountWindows = CountChildWindows = CountChildNodes = 0; RootId = 0; }
+};
+
+// Garbage collect unused nodes (run once at init time)
+static void ImGui::DockContextPruneUnusedSettingsNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.Windows.Size == 0);
+
+    ImPool<ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData> pool;
+    pool.Reserve(dc->NodesSettings.Size);
+
+    // Count child nodes and compute RootID
+    for (int settings_n = 0; settings_n < dc->NodesSettings.Size; settings_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiDockNodeSettings* settings = &dc->NodesSettings[settings_n];
+        ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData* parent_data = settings->ParentNodeId ? pool.GetByKey(settings->ParentNodeId) : 0;
+        pool.GetOrAddByKey(settings->ID)->RootId = parent_data ? parent_data->RootId : settings->ID;
+        if (settings->ParentNodeId)
+            pool.GetOrAddByKey(settings->ParentNodeId)->CountChildNodes++;
+    }
+
+    // Count reference to dock ids from dockspaces
+    // We track the 'auto-DockNode <- manual-Window <- manual-DockSpace' in order to avoid 'auto-DockNode' being ditched by DockContextPruneUnusedSettingsNodes()
+    for (int settings_n = 0; settings_n < dc->NodesSettings.Size; settings_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiDockNodeSettings* settings = &dc->NodesSettings[settings_n];
+        if (settings->ParentWindowId != 0)
+            if (ImGuiWindowSettings* window_settings = FindWindowSettingsByID(settings->ParentWindowId))
+                if (window_settings->DockId)
+                    if (ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData* data = pool.GetByKey(window_settings->DockId))
+                        data->CountChildNodes++;
+    }
+
+    // Count reference to dock ids from window settings
+    // We guard against the possibility of an invalid .ini file (RootID may point to a missing node)
+    for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (ImGuiID dock_id = settings->DockId)
+            if (ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData* data = pool.GetByKey(dock_id))
+            {
+                data->CountWindows++;
+                if (ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData* data_root = (data->RootId == dock_id) ? data : pool.GetByKey(data->RootId))
+                    data_root->CountChildWindows++;
+            }
+
+    // Prune
+    for (int settings_n = 0; settings_n < dc->NodesSettings.Size; settings_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiDockNodeSettings* settings = &dc->NodesSettings[settings_n];
+        ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData* data = pool.GetByKey(settings->ID);
+        if (data->CountWindows > 1)
+            continue;
+        ImGuiDockContextPruneNodeData* data_root = (data->RootId == settings->ID) ? data : pool.GetByKey(data->RootId);
+
+        bool remove = false;
+        remove |= (data->CountWindows == 1 && settings->ParentNodeId == 0 && data->CountChildNodes == 0 && !(settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode));  // Floating root node with only 1 window
+        remove |= (data->CountWindows == 0 && settings->ParentNodeId == 0 && data->CountChildNodes == 0); // Leaf nodes with 0 window
+        remove |= (data_root->CountChildWindows == 0);
+        if (remove)
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextPruneUnusedSettingsNodes: Prune 0x%08X\n", settings->ID);
+            DockSettingsRemoveNodeReferences(&settings->ID, 1);
+            settings->ID = 0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockContextBuildNodesFromSettings(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNodeSettings* node_settings_array, int node_settings_count)
+{
+    // Build nodes
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < node_settings_count; node_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiDockNodeSettings* settings = &node_settings_array[node_n];
+        if (settings->ID == 0)
+            continue;
+        ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextAddNode(ctx, settings->ID);
+        node->ParentNode = settings->ParentNodeId ? DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, settings->ParentNodeId) : NULL;
+        node->Pos = ImVec2(settings->Pos.x, settings->Pos.y);
+        node->Size = ImVec2(settings->Size.x, settings->Size.y);
+        node->SizeRef = ImVec2(settings->SizeRef.x, settings->SizeRef.y);
+        node->AuthorityForPos = node->AuthorityForSize = node->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode;
+        if (node->ParentNode && node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[0] == NULL)
+            node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[0] = node;
+        else if (node->ParentNode && node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[1] == NULL)
+            node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[1] = node;
+        node->SelectedTabId = settings->SelectedTabId;
+        node->SplitAxis = (ImGuiAxis)settings->SplitAxis;
+        node->SetLocalFlags(settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SavedFlagsMask_);
+
+        // Bind host window immediately if it already exist (in case of a rebuild)
+        // This is useful as the RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight links necessary to highlight the currently focused node requires node->HostWindow to be set.
+        char host_window_title[20];
+        ImGuiDockNode* root_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(node);
+        node->HostWindow = FindWindowByName(DockNodeGetHostWindowTitle(root_node, host_window_title, IM_ARRAYSIZE(host_window_title)));
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextBuildAddWindowsToNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID root_id)
+{
+    // Rebind all windows to nodes (they can also lazily rebind but we'll have a visible glitch during the first frame)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Windows.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[n];
+        if (window->DockId == 0 || window->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount - 1)
+            continue;
+        if (window->DockNode != NULL)
+            continue;
+
+        ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, window->DockId);
+        IM_ASSERT(node != NULL);   // This should have been called after DockContextBuildNodesFromSettings()
+        if (root_id == 0 || DockNodeGetRootNode(node)->ID == root_id)
+            DockNodeAddWindow(node, window, true);
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: ImGuiDockContext Docking/Undocking functions
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DockContextQueueDock()
+// - DockContextQueueUndockWindow()
+// - DockContextQueueUndockNode()
+// - DockContextQueueNotifyRemovedNode()
+// - DockContextProcessDock()
+// - DockContextProcessUndockWindow()
+// - DockContextProcessUndockNode()
+// - DockContextCalcDropPosForDocking()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::DockContextQueueDock(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* target, ImGuiDockNode* target_node, ImGuiWindow* payload, ImGuiDir split_dir, float split_ratio, bool split_outer)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(target != payload);
+    ImGuiDockRequest req;
+    req.Type = ImGuiDockRequestType_Dock;
+    req.DockTargetWindow = target;
+    req.DockTargetNode = target_node;
+    req.DockPayload = payload;
+    req.DockSplitDir = split_dir;
+    req.DockSplitRatio = split_ratio;
+    req.DockSplitOuter = split_outer;
+    ctx->DockContext.Requests.push_back(req);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextQueueUndockWindow(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiDockRequest req;
+    req.Type = ImGuiDockRequestType_Undock;
+    req.UndockTargetWindow = window;
+    ctx->DockContext.Requests.push_back(req);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextQueueUndockNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    ImGuiDockRequest req;
+    req.Type = ImGuiDockRequestType_Undock;
+    req.UndockTargetNode = node;
+    ctx->DockContext.Requests.push_back(req);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextQueueNotifyRemovedNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Requests.Size; n++)
+        if (dc->Requests[n].DockTargetNode == node)
+            dc->Requests[n].Type = ImGuiDockRequestType_None;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextProcessDock(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockRequest* req)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT((req->Type == ImGuiDockRequestType_Dock && req->DockPayload != NULL) || (req->Type == ImGuiDockRequestType_Split && req->DockPayload == NULL));
+    IM_ASSERT(req->DockTargetWindow != NULL || req->DockTargetNode != NULL);
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    IM_UNUSED(g);
+
+    ImGuiWindow* payload_window = req->DockPayload;     // Optional
+    ImGuiWindow* target_window = req->DockTargetWindow;
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = req->DockTargetNode;
+    if (payload_window)
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextProcessDock node 0x%08X target '%s' dock window '%s', split_dir %d\n", node ? node->ID : 0, target_window ? target_window->Name : "NULL", payload_window->Name, req->DockSplitDir);
+    else
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextProcessDock node 0x%08X, split_dir %d\n", node ? node->ID : 0, req->DockSplitDir);
+
+    // Decide which Tab will be selected at the end of the operation
+    ImGuiID next_selected_id = 0;
+    ImGuiDockNode* payload_node = NULL;
+    if (payload_window)
+    {
+        payload_node = payload_window->DockNodeAsHost;
+        payload_window->DockNodeAsHost = NULL; // Important to clear this as the node will have its life as a child which might be merged/deleted later.
+        if (payload_node && payload_node->IsLeafNode())
+            next_selected_id = payload_node->TabBar->NextSelectedTabId ? payload_node->TabBar->NextSelectedTabId : payload_node->TabBar->SelectedTabId;
+        if (payload_node == NULL)
+            next_selected_id = payload_window->TabId;
+    }
+
+    // FIXME-DOCK: When we are trying to dock an existing single-window node into a loose window, transfer Node ID as well
+    // When processing an interactive split, usually LastFrameAlive will be < g.FrameCount. But DockBuilder operations can make it ==.
+    if (node)
+        IM_ASSERT(node->LastFrameAlive <= g.FrameCount);
+    if (node && target_window && node == target_window->DockNodeAsHost)
+        IM_ASSERT(node->Windows.Size > 0 || node->IsSplitNode() || node->IsCentralNode());
+
+    // Create new node and add existing window to it
+    if (node == NULL)
+    {
+        node = DockContextAddNode(ctx, 0);
+        node->Pos = target_window->Pos;
+        node->Size = target_window->Size;
+        if (target_window->DockNodeAsHost == NULL)
+        {
+            DockNodeAddWindow(node, target_window, true);
+            node->TabBar->Tabs[0].Flags &= ~ImGuiTabItemFlags_Unsorted;
+            target_window->DockIsActive = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    ImGuiDir split_dir = req->DockSplitDir;
+    if (split_dir != ImGuiDir_None)
+    {
+        // Split into two, one side will be our payload node unless we are dropping a loose window
+        const ImGuiAxis split_axis = (split_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || split_dir == ImGuiDir_Right) ? ImGuiAxis_X : ImGuiAxis_Y;
+        const int split_inheritor_child_idx = (split_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || split_dir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? 1 : 0; // Current contents will be moved to the opposite side
+        const float split_ratio = req->DockSplitRatio;
+        DockNodeTreeSplit(ctx, node, split_axis, split_inheritor_child_idx, split_ratio, payload_node);  // payload_node may be NULL here!
+        ImGuiDockNode* new_node = node->ChildNodes[split_inheritor_child_idx ^ 1];
+        new_node->HostWindow = node->HostWindow;
+        node = new_node;
+    }
+    node->SetLocalFlags(node->LocalFlags & ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar);
+
+    if (node != payload_node)
+    {
+        // Create tab bar before we call DockNodeMoveWindows (which would attempt to move the old tab-bar, which would lead us to payload tabs wrongly appearing before target tabs!)
+        if (node->Windows.Size > 0 && node->TabBar == NULL)
+        {
+            DockNodeAddTabBar(node);
+            for (int n = 0; n < node->Windows.Size; n++)
+                TabBarAddTab(node->TabBar, ImGuiTabItemFlags_None, node->Windows[n]);
+        }
+
+        if (payload_node != NULL)
+        {
+            // Transfer full payload node (with 1+ child windows or child nodes)
+            if (payload_node->IsSplitNode())
+            {
+                if (node->Windows.Size > 0)
+                {
+                    // We can dock a split payload into a node that already has windows _only_ if our payload is a node tree with a single visible node.
+                    // In this situation, we move the windows of the target node into the currently visible node of the payload.
+                    // This allows us to preserve some of the underlying dock tree settings nicely.
+                    IM_ASSERT(payload_node->OnlyNodeWithWindows != NULL); // The docking should have been blocked by DockNodePreviewDockSetup() early on and never submitted.
+                    ImGuiDockNode* visible_node = payload_node->OnlyNodeWithWindows;
+                    if (visible_node->TabBar)
+                        IM_ASSERT(visible_node->TabBar->Tabs.Size > 0);
+                    DockNodeMoveWindows(node, visible_node);
+                    DockNodeMoveWindows(visible_node, node);
+                    DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(node->ID, visible_node->ID);
+                }
+                if (node->IsCentralNode())
+                {
+                    // Central node property needs to be moved to a leaf node, pick the last focused one.
+                    // FIXME-DOCK: If we had to transfer other flags here, what would the policy be?
+                    ImGuiDockNode* last_focused_node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, payload_node->LastFocusedNodeId);
+                    IM_ASSERT(last_focused_node != NULL);
+                    ImGuiDockNode* last_focused_root_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(last_focused_node);
+                    IM_ASSERT(last_focused_root_node == DockNodeGetRootNode(payload_node));
+                    last_focused_node->SetLocalFlags(last_focused_node->LocalFlags | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode);
+                    node->SetLocalFlags(node->LocalFlags & ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode);
+                    last_focused_root_node->CentralNode = last_focused_node;
+                }
+
+                IM_ASSERT(node->Windows.Size == 0);
+                DockNodeMoveChildNodes(node, payload_node);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                const ImGuiID payload_dock_id = payload_node->ID;
+                DockNodeMoveWindows(node, payload_node);
+                DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(payload_dock_id, node->ID);
+            }
+            DockContextRemoveNode(ctx, payload_node, true);
+        }
+        else if (payload_window)
+        {
+            // Transfer single window
+            const ImGuiID payload_dock_id = payload_window->DockId;
+            node->VisibleWindow = payload_window;
+            DockNodeAddWindow(node, payload_window, true);
+            if (payload_dock_id != 0)
+                DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(payload_dock_id, node->ID);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // When docking a floating single window node we want to reevaluate auto-hiding of the tab bar
+        node->WantHiddenTabBarUpdate = true;
+    }
+
+    // Update selection immediately
+    if (ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = node->TabBar)
+        tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = next_selected_id;
+    MarkIniSettingsDirty();
+}
+
+// Problem:
+//   Undocking a large (~full screen) window would leave it so large that the bottom right sizing corner would more
+//   than likely be off the screen and the window would be hard to resize to fit on screen. This can be particularly problematic
+//   with 'ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly=true' and/or with 'ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges=false' as well (the later can be
+//   due to missing ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors backend flag).
+// Solution:
+//   When undocking a window we currently force its maximum size to 90% of the host viewport or monitor.
+// Reevaluate this when we implement preserving docked/undocked size ("docking_wip/undocked_size" branch).
+static ImVec2 FixLargeWindowsWhenUndocking(const ImVec2& size, ImGuiViewport* ref_viewport)
+{
+    if (ref_viewport == NULL)
+        return size;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImVec2 max_size = ImFloor(ref_viewport->WorkSize * 0.90f);
+    if (g.ConfigFlagsCurrFrame & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)
+    {
+        const ImGuiPlatformMonitor* monitor = ImGui::GetViewportPlatformMonitor(ref_viewport);
+        max_size = ImFloor(monitor->WorkSize * 0.90f);
+    }
+    return ImMin(size, max_size);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* window, bool clear_persistent_docking_ref)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextProcessUndockWindow window '%s', clear_persistent_docking_ref = %d\n", window->Name, clear_persistent_docking_ref);
+    if (window->DockNode)
+        DockNodeRemoveWindow(window->DockNode, window, clear_persistent_docking_ref ? 0 : window->DockId);
+    else
+        window->DockId = 0;
+    window->Collapsed = false;
+    window->DockIsActive = false;
+    window->DockNodeIsVisible = window->DockTabIsVisible = false;
+    window->Size = window->SizeFull = FixLargeWindowsWhenUndocking(window->SizeFull, window->Viewport);
+
+    MarkIniSettingsDirty();
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockContextProcessUndockNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockContextProcessUndockNode node %08X\n", node->ID);
+    IM_ASSERT(node->IsLeafNode());
+    IM_ASSERT(node->Windows.Size >= 1);
+
+    if (node->IsRootNode() || node->IsCentralNode())
+    {
+        // In the case of a root node or central node, the node will have to stay in place. Create a new node to receive the payload.
+        ImGuiDockNode* new_node = DockContextAddNode(ctx, 0);
+        new_node->Pos = node->Pos;
+        new_node->Size = node->Size;
+        new_node->SizeRef = node->SizeRef;
+        DockNodeMoveWindows(new_node, node);
+        DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(node->ID, new_node->ID);
+        node = new_node;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Otherwise extract our node and merge our sibling back into the parent node.
+        IM_ASSERT(node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[0] == node || node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[1] == node);
+        int index_in_parent = (node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[0] == node) ? 0 : 1;
+        node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[index_in_parent] = NULL;
+        DockNodeTreeMerge(ctx, node->ParentNode, node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[index_in_parent ^ 1]);
+        node->ParentNode->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Window; // The node that stays in place keeps the viewport, so our newly dragged out node will create a new viewport
+        node->ParentNode = NULL;
+    }
+    for (int n = 0; n < node->Windows.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = node->Windows[n];
+        window->Flags &= ~ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow;
+        if (window->ParentWindow)
+            window->ParentWindow->DC.ChildWindows.find_erase(window);
+        UpdateWindowParentAndRootLinks(window, window->Flags, NULL);
+    }
+    node->AuthorityForPos = node->AuthorityForSize = ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode;
+    node->Size = FixLargeWindowsWhenUndocking(node->Size, node->Windows[0]->Viewport);
+    node->WantMouseMove = true;
+    MarkIniSettingsDirty();
+}
+
+// This is mostly used for automation.
+bool ImGui::DockContextCalcDropPosForDocking(ImGuiWindow* target, ImGuiDockNode* target_node, ImGuiWindow* payload_window, ImGuiDockNode* payload_node, ImGuiDir split_dir, bool split_outer, ImVec2* out_pos)
+{
+    // In DockNodePreviewDockSetup() for a root central node instead of showing both "inner" and "outer" drop rects
+    // (which would be functionally identical) we only show the outer one. Reflect this here.
+    if (target_node && target_node->ParentNode == NULL && target_node->IsCentralNode() && split_dir != ImGuiDir_None)
+        split_outer = true;
+    ImGuiDockPreviewData split_data;
+    DockNodePreviewDockSetup(target, target_node, payload_window, payload_node, &split_data, false, split_outer);
+    if (split_data.DropRectsDraw[split_dir+1].IsInverted())
+        return false;
+    *out_pos = split_data.DropRectsDraw[split_dir+1].GetCenter();
+    return true;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: ImGuiDockNode
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DockNodeGetTabOrder()
+// - DockNodeAddWindow()
+// - DockNodeRemoveWindow()
+// - DockNodeMoveChildNodes()
+// - DockNodeMoveWindows()
+// - DockNodeApplyPosSizeToWindows()
+// - DockNodeHideHostWindow()
+// - ImGuiDockNodeFindInfoResults
+// - DockNodeFindInfo()
+// - DockNodeFindWindowByID()
+// - DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse()
+// - DockNodeUpdateHasCentralNodeFlag()
+// - DockNodeUpdateVisibleFlag()
+// - DockNodeStartMouseMovingWindow()
+// - DockNodeUpdate()
+// - DockNodeUpdateWindowMenu()
+// - DockNodeBeginAmendTabBar()
+// - DockNodeEndAmendTabBar()
+// - DockNodeUpdateTabBar()
+// - DockNodeAddTabBar()
+// - DockNodeRemoveTabBar()
+// - DockNodeIsDropAllowedOne()
+// - DockNodeIsDropAllowed()
+// - DockNodeCalcTabBarLayout()
+// - DockNodeCalcSplitRects()
+// - DockNodeCalcDropRectsAndTestMousePos()
+// - DockNodePreviewDockSetup()
+// - DockNodePreviewDockRender()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImGuiDockNode::ImGuiDockNode(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ID = id;
+    SharedFlags = LocalFlags = LocalFlagsInWindows = MergedFlags = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_None;
+    ParentNode = ChildNodes[0] = ChildNodes[1] = NULL;
+    TabBar = NULL;
+    SplitAxis = ImGuiAxis_None;
+
+    State = ImGuiDockNodeState_Unknown;
+    LastBgColor = IM_COL32_WHITE;
+    HostWindow = VisibleWindow = NULL;
+    CentralNode = OnlyNodeWithWindows = NULL;
+    CountNodeWithWindows = 0;
+    LastFrameAlive = LastFrameActive = LastFrameFocused = -1;
+    LastFocusedNodeId = 0;
+    SelectedTabId = 0;
+    WantCloseTabId = 0;
+    AuthorityForPos = AuthorityForSize = ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode;
+    AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto;
+    IsVisible = true;
+    IsFocused = HasCloseButton = HasWindowMenuButton = HasCentralNodeChild = false;
+    IsBgDrawnThisFrame = false;
+    WantCloseAll = WantLockSizeOnce = WantMouseMove = WantHiddenTabBarUpdate = WantHiddenTabBarToggle = false;
+}
+
+ImGuiDockNode::~ImGuiDockNode()
+{
+    IM_DELETE(TabBar);
+    TabBar = NULL;
+    ChildNodes[0] = ChildNodes[1] = NULL;
+}
+
+int ImGui::DockNodeGetTabOrder(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = window->DockNode->TabBar;
+    if (tab_bar == NULL)
+        return -1;
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, window->TabId);
+    return tab ? TabBarGetTabOrder(tab_bar, tab) : -1;
+}
+
+static void DockNodeHideWindowDuringHostWindowCreation(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    window->Hidden = true;
+    window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems = window->Active ? 1 : 2;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeAddWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* window, bool add_to_tab_bar)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; (void)g;
+    if (window->DockNode)
+    {
+        // Can overwrite an existing window->DockNode (e.g. pointing to a disabled DockSpace node)
+        IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode->ID != node->ID);
+        DockNodeRemoveWindow(window->DockNode, window, 0);
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode == NULL || window->DockNodeAsHost == NULL);
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockNodeAddWindow node 0x%08X window '%s'\n", node->ID, window->Name);
+
+    // If more than 2 windows appeared on the same frame leading to the creation of a new hosting window,
+    // we'll hide windows until the host window is ready. Hide the 1st window after its been output (so it is not visible for one frame).
+    // We will call DockNodeHideWindowDuringHostWindowCreation() on ourselves in Begin()
+    if (node->HostWindow == NULL && node->Windows.Size == 1 && node->Windows[0]->WasActive == false)
+        DockNodeHideWindowDuringHostWindowCreation(node->Windows[0]);
+
+    node->Windows.push_back(window);
+    node->WantHiddenTabBarUpdate = true;
+    window->DockNode = node;
+    window->DockId = node->ID;
+    window->DockIsActive = (node->Windows.Size > 1);
+    window->DockTabWantClose = false;
+
+    // When reactivating a node with one or two loose window, the window pos/size/viewport are authoritative over the node storage.
+    // In particular it is important we init the viewport from the first window so we don't create two viewports and drop one.
+    if (node->HostWindow == NULL && node->IsFloatingNode())
+    {
+        if (node->AuthorityForPos == ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto)
+            node->AuthorityForPos = ImGuiDataAuthority_Window;
+        if (node->AuthorityForSize == ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto)
+            node->AuthorityForSize = ImGuiDataAuthority_Window;
+        if (node->AuthorityForViewport == ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto)
+            node->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Window;
+    }
+
+    // Add to tab bar if requested
+    if (add_to_tab_bar)
+    {
+        if (node->TabBar == NULL)
+        {
+            DockNodeAddTabBar(node);
+            node->TabBar->SelectedTabId = node->TabBar->NextSelectedTabId = node->SelectedTabId;
+
+            // Add existing windows
+            for (int n = 0; n < node->Windows.Size - 1; n++)
+                TabBarAddTab(node->TabBar, ImGuiTabItemFlags_None, node->Windows[n]);
+        }
+        TabBarAddTab(node->TabBar, ImGuiTabItemFlags_Unsorted, window);
+    }
+
+    DockNodeUpdateVisibleFlag(node);
+
+    // Update this without waiting for the next time we Begin() in the window, so our host window will have the proper title bar color on its first frame.
+    if (node->HostWindow)
+        UpdateWindowParentAndRootLinks(window, window->Flags | ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow, node->HostWindow);
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeRemoveWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID save_dock_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode == node);
+    //IM_ASSERT(window->RootWindowDockTree == node->HostWindow);
+    //IM_ASSERT(window->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount);    // We may call this from Begin()
+    IM_ASSERT(save_dock_id == 0 || save_dock_id == node->ID);
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockNodeRemoveWindow node 0x%08X window '%s'\n", node->ID, window->Name);
+
+    window->DockNode = NULL;
+    window->DockIsActive = window->DockTabWantClose = false;
+    window->DockId = save_dock_id;
+    window->Flags &= ~ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow;
+    if (window->ParentWindow)
+        window->ParentWindow->DC.ChildWindows.find_erase(window);
+    UpdateWindowParentAndRootLinks(window, window->Flags, NULL); // Update immediately
+
+    // Remove window
+    bool erased = false;
+    for (int n = 0; n < node->Windows.Size; n++)
+        if (node->Windows[n] == window)
+        {
+            node->Windows.erase(node->Windows.Data + n);
+            erased = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    if (!erased)
+        IM_ASSERT(erased);
+    if (node->VisibleWindow == window)
+        node->VisibleWindow = NULL;
+
+    // Remove tab and possibly tab bar
+    node->WantHiddenTabBarUpdate = true;
+    if (node->TabBar)
+    {
+        TabBarRemoveTab(node->TabBar, window->TabId);
+        const int tab_count_threshold_for_tab_bar = node->IsCentralNode() ? 1 : 2;
+        if (node->Windows.Size < tab_count_threshold_for_tab_bar)
+            DockNodeRemoveTabBar(node);
+    }
+
+    if (node->Windows.Size == 0 && !node->IsCentralNode() && !node->IsDockSpace() && window->DockId != node->ID)
+    {
+        // Automatic dock node delete themselves if they are not holding at least one tab
+        DockContextRemoveNode(&g, node, true);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (node->Windows.Size == 1 && !node->IsCentralNode() && node->HostWindow)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* remaining_window = node->Windows[0];
+        if (node->HostWindow->ViewportOwned && node->IsRootNode())
+        {
+            // Transfer viewport back to the remaining loose window
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT("[viewport] Node %08X transfer Viewport %08X=>%08X for Window '%s'\n", node->ID, node->HostWindow->Viewport->ID, remaining_window->ID, remaining_window->Name);
+            IM_ASSERT(node->HostWindow->Viewport->Window == node->HostWindow);
+            node->HostWindow->Viewport->Window = remaining_window;
+            node->HostWindow->Viewport->ID = remaining_window->ID;
+        }
+        remaining_window->Collapsed = node->HostWindow->Collapsed;
+    }
+
+    // Update visibility immediately is required so the DockNodeUpdateRemoveInactiveChilds() processing can reflect changes up the tree
+    DockNodeUpdateVisibleFlag(node);
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeMoveChildNodes(ImGuiDockNode* dst_node, ImGuiDockNode* src_node)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(dst_node->Windows.Size == 0);
+    dst_node->ChildNodes[0] = src_node->ChildNodes[0];
+    dst_node->ChildNodes[1] = src_node->ChildNodes[1];
+    if (dst_node->ChildNodes[0])
+        dst_node->ChildNodes[0]->ParentNode = dst_node;
+    if (dst_node->ChildNodes[1])
+        dst_node->ChildNodes[1]->ParentNode = dst_node;
+    dst_node->SplitAxis = src_node->SplitAxis;
+    dst_node->SizeRef = src_node->SizeRef;
+    src_node->ChildNodes[0] = src_node->ChildNodes[1] = NULL;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeMoveWindows(ImGuiDockNode* dst_node, ImGuiDockNode* src_node)
+{
+    // Insert tabs in the same orders as currently ordered (node->Windows isn't ordered)
+    IM_ASSERT(src_node && dst_node && dst_node != src_node);
+    ImGuiTabBar* src_tab_bar = src_node->TabBar;
+    if (src_tab_bar != NULL)
+        IM_ASSERT(src_node->Windows.Size <= src_node->TabBar->Tabs.Size);
+
+    // If the dst_node is empty we can just move the entire tab bar (to preserve selection, scrolling, etc.)
+    bool move_tab_bar = (src_tab_bar != NULL) && (dst_node->TabBar == NULL);
+    if (move_tab_bar)
+    {
+        dst_node->TabBar = src_node->TabBar;
+        src_node->TabBar = NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Tab order is not important here, it is preserved by sorting in DockNodeUpdateTabBar().
+    for (ImGuiWindow* window : src_node->Windows)
+    {
+        window->DockNode = NULL;
+        window->DockIsActive = false;
+        DockNodeAddWindow(dst_node, window, !move_tab_bar);
+    }
+    src_node->Windows.clear();
+
+    if (!move_tab_bar && src_node->TabBar)
+    {
+        if (dst_node->TabBar)
+            dst_node->TabBar->SelectedTabId = src_node->TabBar->SelectedTabId;
+        DockNodeRemoveTabBar(src_node);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeApplyPosSizeToWindows(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    for (int n = 0; n < node->Windows.Size; n++)
+    {
+        SetWindowPos(node->Windows[n], node->Pos, ImGuiCond_Always); // We don't assign directly to Pos because it can break the calculation of SizeContents on next frame
+        SetWindowSize(node->Windows[n], node->Size, ImGuiCond_Always);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeHideHostWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    if (node->HostWindow)
+    {
+        if (node->HostWindow->DockNodeAsHost == node)
+            node->HostWindow->DockNodeAsHost = NULL;
+        node->HostWindow = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (node->Windows.Size == 1)
+    {
+        node->VisibleWindow = node->Windows[0];
+        node->Windows[0]->DockIsActive = false;
+    }
+
+    if (node->TabBar)
+        DockNodeRemoveTabBar(node);
+}
+
+// Search function called once by root node in DockNodeUpdate()
+struct ImGuiDockNodeTreeInfo
+{
+    ImGuiDockNode*      CentralNode;
+    ImGuiDockNode*      FirstNodeWithWindows;
+    int                 CountNodesWithWindows;
+    //ImGuiWindowClass  WindowClassForMerges;
+
+    ImGuiDockNodeTreeInfo() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+static void DockNodeFindInfo(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiDockNodeTreeInfo* info)
+{
+    if (node->Windows.Size > 0)
+    {
+        if (info->FirstNodeWithWindows == NULL)
+            info->FirstNodeWithWindows = node;
+        info->CountNodesWithWindows++;
+    }
+    if (node->IsCentralNode())
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(info->CentralNode == NULL); // Should be only one
+        IM_ASSERT(node->IsLeafNode() && "If you get this assert: please submit .ini file + repro of actions leading to this.");
+        info->CentralNode = node;
+    }
+    if (info->CountNodesWithWindows > 1 && info->CentralNode != NULL)
+        return;
+    if (node->ChildNodes[0])
+        DockNodeFindInfo(node->ChildNodes[0], info);
+    if (node->ChildNodes[1])
+        DockNodeFindInfo(node->ChildNodes[1], info);
+}
+
+static ImGuiWindow* ImGui::DockNodeFindWindowByID(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(id != 0);
+    for (int n = 0; n < node->Windows.Size; n++)
+        if (node->Windows[n]->ID == id)
+            return node->Windows[n];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// - Remove inactive windows/nodes.
+// - Update visibility flag.
+static void ImGui::DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(node->ParentNode == NULL || node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[0] == node || node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[1] == node);
+
+    // Inherit most flags
+    if (node->ParentNode)
+        node->SharedFlags = node->ParentNode->SharedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SharedFlagsInheritMask_;
+
+    // Recurse into children
+    // There is the possibility that one of our child becoming empty will delete itself and moving its sibling contents into 'node'.
+    // If 'node->ChildNode[0]' delete itself, then 'node->ChildNode[1]->Windows' will be moved into 'node'
+    // If 'node->ChildNode[1]' delete itself, then 'node->ChildNode[0]->Windows' will be moved into 'node' and the "remove inactive windows" loop will have run twice on those windows (harmless)
+    node->HasCentralNodeChild = false;
+    if (node->ChildNodes[0])
+        DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse(node->ChildNodes[0]);
+    if (node->ChildNodes[1])
+        DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse(node->ChildNodes[1]);
+
+    // Remove inactive windows, collapse nodes
+    // Merge node flags overrides stored in windows
+    node->LocalFlagsInWindows = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_None;
+    for (int window_n = 0; window_n < node->Windows.Size; window_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = node->Windows[window_n];
+        IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode == node);
+
+        bool node_was_active = (node->LastFrameActive + 1 == g.FrameCount);
+        bool remove = false;
+        remove |= node_was_active && (window->LastFrameActive + 1 < g.FrameCount);
+        remove |= node_was_active && (node->WantCloseAll || node->WantCloseTabId == window->TabId) && window->HasCloseButton && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument);  // Submit all _expected_ closure from last frame
+        remove |= (window->DockTabWantClose);
+        if (remove)
+        {
+            window->DockTabWantClose = false;
+            if (node->Windows.Size == 1 && !node->IsCentralNode())
+            {
+                DockNodeHideHostWindow(node);
+                node->State = ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowHiddenBecauseSingleWindow;
+                DockNodeRemoveWindow(node, window, node->ID); // Will delete the node so it'll be invalid on return
+                return;
+            }
+            DockNodeRemoveWindow(node, window, node->ID);
+            window_n--;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // FIXME-DOCKING: Missing policies for conflict resolution, hence the "Experimental" tag on this.
+        //node->LocalFlagsInWindow &= ~window->WindowClass.DockNodeFlagsOverrideClear;
+        node->LocalFlagsInWindows |= window->WindowClass.DockNodeFlagsOverrideSet;
+    }
+    node->UpdateMergedFlags();
+
+    // Auto-hide tab bar option
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags node_flags = node->MergedFlags;
+    if (node->WantHiddenTabBarUpdate && node->Windows.Size == 1 && (node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_AutoHideTabBar) && !node->IsHiddenTabBar())
+        node->WantHiddenTabBarToggle = true;
+    node->WantHiddenTabBarUpdate = false;
+
+    // Cancel toggling if we know our tab bar is enforced to be hidden at all times
+    if (node->WantHiddenTabBarToggle && node->VisibleWindow && (node->VisibleWindow->WindowClass.DockNodeFlagsOverrideSet & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar))
+        node->WantHiddenTabBarToggle = false;
+
+    // Apply toggles at a single point of the frame (here!)
+    if (node->Windows.Size > 1)
+        node->SetLocalFlags(node->LocalFlags & ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar);
+    else if (node->WantHiddenTabBarToggle)
+        node->SetLocalFlags(node->LocalFlags ^ ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar);
+    node->WantHiddenTabBarToggle = false;
+
+    DockNodeUpdateVisibleFlag(node);
+}
+
+// This is rarely called as DockNodeUpdateForRootNode() generally does it most frames.
+static void ImGui::DockNodeUpdateHasCentralNodeChild(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    node->HasCentralNodeChild = false;
+    if (node->ChildNodes[0])
+        DockNodeUpdateHasCentralNodeChild(node->ChildNodes[0]);
+    if (node->ChildNodes[1])
+        DockNodeUpdateHasCentralNodeChild(node->ChildNodes[1]);
+    if (node->IsRootNode())
+    {
+        ImGuiDockNode* mark_node = node->CentralNode;
+        while (mark_node)
+        {
+            mark_node->HasCentralNodeChild = true;
+            mark_node = mark_node->ParentNode;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeUpdateVisibleFlag(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    // Update visibility flag
+    bool is_visible = (node->ParentNode == NULL) ? node->IsDockSpace() : node->IsCentralNode();
+    is_visible |= (node->Windows.Size > 0);
+    is_visible |= (node->ChildNodes[0] && node->ChildNodes[0]->IsVisible);
+    is_visible |= (node->ChildNodes[1] && node->ChildNodes[1]->IsVisible);
+    node->IsVisible = is_visible;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeStartMouseMovingWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(node->WantMouseMove == true);
+    StartMouseMovingWindow(window);
+    g.ActiveIdClickOffset = g.IO.MouseClickedPos[0] - node->Pos;
+    g.MovingWindow = window; // If we are docked into a non moveable root window, StartMouseMovingWindow() won't set g.MovingWindow. Override that decision.
+    node->WantMouseMove = false;
+}
+
+// Update CentralNode, OnlyNodeWithWindows, LastFocusedNodeID. Copy window class.
+static void ImGui::DockNodeUpdateForRootNode(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse(node);
+
+    // - Setup central node pointers
+    // - Find if there's only a single visible window in the hierarchy (in which case we need to display a regular title bar -> FIXME-DOCK: that last part is not done yet!)
+    // Cannot merge this with DockNodeUpdateFlagsAndCollapse() because FirstNodeWithWindows is found after window removal and child collapsing
+    ImGuiDockNodeTreeInfo info;
+    DockNodeFindInfo(node, &info);
+    node->CentralNode = info.CentralNode;
+    node->OnlyNodeWithWindows = (info.CountNodesWithWindows == 1) ? info.FirstNodeWithWindows : NULL;
+    node->CountNodeWithWindows = info.CountNodesWithWindows;
+    if (node->LastFocusedNodeId == 0 && info.FirstNodeWithWindows != NULL)
+        node->LastFocusedNodeId = info.FirstNodeWithWindows->ID;
+
+    // Copy the window class from of our first window so it can be used for proper dock filtering.
+    // When node has mixed windows, prioritize the class with the most constraint (DockingAllowUnclassed = false) as the reference to copy.
+    // FIXME-DOCK: We don't recurse properly, this code could be reworked to work from DockNodeUpdateScanRec.
+    if (ImGuiDockNode* first_node_with_windows = info.FirstNodeWithWindows)
+    {
+        node->WindowClass = first_node_with_windows->Windows[0]->WindowClass;
+        for (int n = 1; n < first_node_with_windows->Windows.Size; n++)
+            if (first_node_with_windows->Windows[n]->WindowClass.DockingAllowUnclassed == false)
+            {
+                node->WindowClass = first_node_with_windows->Windows[n]->WindowClass;
+                break;
+            }
+    }
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* mark_node = node->CentralNode;
+    while (mark_node)
+    {
+        mark_node->HasCentralNodeChild = true;
+        mark_node = mark_node->ParentNode;
+    }
+}
+
+static void DockNodeSetupHostWindow(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* host_window)
+{
+    // Remove ourselves from any previous different host window
+    // This can happen if a user mistakenly does (see #4295 for details):
+    //  - N+0: DockBuilderAddNode(id, 0)    // missing ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace
+    //  - N+1: NewFrame()                   // will create floating host window for that node
+    //  - N+1: DockSpace(id)                // requalify node as dockspace, moving host window
+    if (node->HostWindow && node->HostWindow != host_window && node->HostWindow->DockNodeAsHost == node)
+        node->HostWindow->DockNodeAsHost = NULL;
+
+    host_window->DockNodeAsHost = node;
+    node->HostWindow = host_window;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeUpdate(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(node->LastFrameActive != g.FrameCount);
+    node->LastFrameAlive = g.FrameCount;
+    node->IsBgDrawnThisFrame = false;
+
+    node->CentralNode = node->OnlyNodeWithWindows = NULL;
+    if (node->IsRootNode())
+        DockNodeUpdateForRootNode(node);
+
+    // Remove tab bar if not needed
+    if (node->TabBar && node->IsNoTabBar())
+        DockNodeRemoveTabBar(node);
+
+    // Early out for hidden root dock nodes (when all DockId references are in inactive windows, or there is only 1 floating window holding on the DockId)
+    bool want_to_hide_host_window = false;
+    if (node->IsFloatingNode())
+    {
+        if (node->Windows.Size <= 1 && node->IsLeafNode())
+            if (!g.IO.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar && (node->Windows.Size == 0 || !node->Windows[0]->WindowClass.DockingAlwaysTabBar))
+                want_to_hide_host_window = true;
+        if (node->CountNodeWithWindows == 0)
+            want_to_hide_host_window = true;
+    }
+    if (want_to_hide_host_window)
+    {
+        if (node->Windows.Size == 1)
+        {
+            // Floating window pos/size is authoritative
+            ImGuiWindow* single_window = node->Windows[0];
+            node->Pos = single_window->Pos;
+            node->Size = single_window->SizeFull;
+            node->AuthorityForPos = node->AuthorityForSize = node->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Window;
+
+            // Transfer focus immediately so when we revert to a regular window it is immediately selected
+            if (node->HostWindow && g.NavWindow == node->HostWindow)
+                FocusWindow(single_window);
+            if (node->HostWindow)
+            {
+                single_window->Viewport = node->HostWindow->Viewport;
+                single_window->ViewportId = node->HostWindow->ViewportId;
+                if (node->HostWindow->ViewportOwned)
+                {
+                    single_window->Viewport->Window = single_window;
+                    single_window->ViewportOwned = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        DockNodeHideHostWindow(node);
+        node->State = ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowHiddenBecauseSingleWindow;
+        node->WantCloseAll = false;
+        node->WantCloseTabId = 0;
+        node->HasCloseButton = node->HasWindowMenuButton = false;
+        node->LastFrameActive = g.FrameCount;
+
+        if (node->WantMouseMove && node->Windows.Size == 1)
+            DockNodeStartMouseMovingWindow(node, node->Windows[0]);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // In some circumstance we will defer creating the host window (so everything will be kept hidden),
+    // while the expected visible window is resizing itself.
+    // This is important for first-time (no ini settings restored) single window when io.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar is enabled,
+    // otherwise the node ends up using the minimum window size. Effectively those windows will take an extra frame to show up:
+    //   N+0: Begin(): window created (with no known size), node is created
+    //   N+1: DockNodeUpdate(): node skip creating host window / Begin(): window size applied, not visible
+    //   N+2: DockNodeUpdate(): node can create host window / Begin(): window becomes visible
+    // We could remove this frame if we could reliably calculate the expected window size during node update, before the Begin() code.
+    // It would require a generalization of CalcWindowExpectedSize(), probably extracting code away from Begin().
+    // In reality it isn't very important as user quickly ends up with size data in .ini file.
+    if (node->IsVisible && node->HostWindow == NULL && node->IsFloatingNode() && node->IsLeafNode())
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(node->Windows.Size > 0);
+        ImGuiWindow* ref_window = NULL;
+        if (node->SelectedTabId != 0) // Note that we prune single-window-node settings on .ini loading, so this is generally 0 for them!
+            ref_window = DockNodeFindWindowByID(node, node->SelectedTabId);
+        if (ref_window == NULL)
+            ref_window = node->Windows[0];
+        if (ref_window->AutoFitFramesX > 0 || ref_window->AutoFitFramesY > 0)
+        {
+            node->State = ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowHiddenBecauseWindowsAreResizing;
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    const ImGuiDockNodeFlags node_flags = node->MergedFlags;
+
+    // Decide if the node will have a close button and a window menu button
+    node->HasWindowMenuButton = (node->Windows.Size > 0) && (node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton) == 0;
+    node->HasCloseButton = false;
+    for (int window_n = 0; window_n < node->Windows.Size; window_n++)
+    {
+        // FIXME-DOCK: Setting DockIsActive here means that for single active window in a leaf node, DockIsActive will be cleared until the next Begin() call.
+        ImGuiWindow* window = node->Windows[window_n];
+        node->HasCloseButton |= window->HasCloseButton;
+        window->DockIsActive = (node->Windows.Size > 1);
+    }
+    if (node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCloseButton)
+        node->HasCloseButton = false;
+
+    // Bind or create host window
+    ImGuiWindow* host_window = NULL;
+    bool beginned_into_host_window = false;
+    if (node->IsDockSpace())
+    {
+        // [Explicit root dockspace node]
+        IM_ASSERT(node->HostWindow);
+        host_window = node->HostWindow;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // [Automatic root or child nodes]
+        if (node->IsRootNode() && node->IsVisible)
+        {
+            ImGuiWindow* ref_window = (node->Windows.Size > 0) ? node->Windows[0] : NULL;
+
+            // Sync Pos
+            if (node->AuthorityForPos == ImGuiDataAuthority_Window && ref_window)
+                SetNextWindowPos(ref_window->Pos);
+            else if (node->AuthorityForPos == ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode)
+                SetNextWindowPos(node->Pos);
+
+            // Sync Size
+            if (node->AuthorityForSize == ImGuiDataAuthority_Window && ref_window)
+                SetNextWindowSize(ref_window->SizeFull);
+            else if (node->AuthorityForSize == ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode)
+                SetNextWindowSize(node->Size);
+
+            // Sync Collapsed
+            if (node->AuthorityForSize == ImGuiDataAuthority_Window && ref_window)
+                SetNextWindowCollapsed(ref_window->Collapsed);
+
+            // Sync Viewport
+            if (node->AuthorityForViewport == ImGuiDataAuthority_Window && ref_window)
+                SetNextWindowViewport(ref_window->ViewportId);
+
+            SetNextWindowClass(&node->WindowClass);
+
+            // Begin into the host window
+            char window_label[20];
+            DockNodeGetHostWindowTitle(node, window_label, IM_ARRAYSIZE(window_label));
+            ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse | ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost;
+            window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing;
+            window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse;
+            window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;
+
+            SetNextWindowBgAlpha(0.0f); // Don't set ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground because it disables borders
+            PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0, 0));
+            Begin(window_label, NULL, window_flags);
+            PopStyleVar();
+            beginned_into_host_window = true;
+
+            host_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+            DockNodeSetupHostWindow(node, host_window);
+            host_window->DC.CursorPos = host_window->Pos;
+            node->Pos = host_window->Pos;
+            node->Size = host_window->Size;
+
+            // We set ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing because we don't want the host window to take full focus (e.g. steal NavWindow)
+            // But we still it bring it to the front of display. There's no way to choose this precise behavior via window flags.
+            // One simple case to ponder if: window A has a toggle to create windows B/C/D. Dock B/C/D together, clear the toggle and enable it again.
+            // When reappearing B/C/D will request focus and be moved to the top of the display pile, but they are not linked to the dock host window
+            // during the frame they appear. The dock host window would keep its old display order, and the sorting in EndFrame would move B/C/D back
+            // after the dock host window, losing their top-most status.
+            if (node->HostWindow->Appearing)
+                BringWindowToDisplayFront(node->HostWindow);
+
+            node->AuthorityForPos = node->AuthorityForSize = node->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto;
+        }
+        else if (node->ParentNode)
+        {
+            node->HostWindow = host_window = node->ParentNode->HostWindow;
+            node->AuthorityForPos = node->AuthorityForSize = node->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto;
+        }
+        if (node->WantMouseMove && node->HostWindow)
+            DockNodeStartMouseMovingWindow(node, node->HostWindow);
+    }
+
+    // Update focused node (the one whose title bar is highlight) within a node tree
+    if (node->IsSplitNode())
+        IM_ASSERT(node->TabBar == NULL);
+    if (node->IsRootNode())
+        if (ImGuiWindow* p_window = g.NavWindow ? g.NavWindow->RootWindow : NULL)
+            while (p_window != NULL && p_window->DockNode != NULL)
+            {
+                ImGuiDockNode* p_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(p_window->DockNode);
+                if (p_node == node)
+                {
+                    node->LastFocusedNodeId = p_window->DockNode->ID; // Note: not using root node ID!
+                    break;
+                }
+                p_window = p_node->HostWindow ? p_node->HostWindow->RootWindow : NULL;
+            }
+
+    // Register a hit-test hole in the window unless we are currently dragging a window that is compatible with our dockspace
+    ImGuiDockNode* central_node = node->CentralNode;
+    const bool central_node_hole = node->IsRootNode() && host_window && (node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode) != 0 && central_node != NULL && central_node->IsEmpty();
+    bool central_node_hole_register_hit_test_hole = central_node_hole;
+    if (central_node_hole)
+        if (const ImGuiPayload* payload = ImGui::GetDragDropPayload())
+            if (payload->IsDataType(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_WINDOW) && DockNodeIsDropAllowed(host_window, *(ImGuiWindow**)payload->Data))
+                central_node_hole_register_hit_test_hole = false;
+    if (central_node_hole_register_hit_test_hole)
+    {
+        // We add a little padding to match the "resize from edges" behavior and allow grabbing the splitter easily.
+        // (But we only add it if there's something else on the other side of the hole, otherwise for e.g. fullscreen
+        // covering passthru node we'd have a gap on the edge not covered by the hole)
+        IM_ASSERT(node->IsDockSpace()); // We cannot pass this flag without the DockSpace() api. Testing this because we also setup the hole in host_window->ParentNode
+        ImGuiDockNode* root_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(central_node);
+        ImRect root_rect(root_node->Pos, root_node->Pos + root_node->Size);
+        ImRect hole_rect(central_node->Pos, central_node->Pos + central_node->Size);
+        if (hole_rect.Min.x > root_rect.Min.x) { hole_rect.Min.x += WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING; }
+        if (hole_rect.Max.x < root_rect.Max.x) { hole_rect.Max.x -= WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING; }
+        if (hole_rect.Min.y > root_rect.Min.y) { hole_rect.Min.y += WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING; }
+        if (hole_rect.Max.y < root_rect.Max.y) { hole_rect.Max.y -= WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING; }
+        //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(hole_rect.Min, hole_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255));
+        if (central_node_hole && !hole_rect.IsInverted())
+        {
+            SetWindowHitTestHole(host_window, hole_rect.Min, hole_rect.Max - hole_rect.Min);
+            if (host_window->ParentWindow)
+                SetWindowHitTestHole(host_window->ParentWindow, hole_rect.Min, hole_rect.Max - hole_rect.Min);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Update position/size, process and draw resizing splitters
+    if (node->IsRootNode() && host_window)
+    {
+        DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(node, host_window->Pos, host_window->Size);
+        DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitter(node);
+    }
+
+    // Draw empty node background (currently can only be the Central Node)
+    if (host_window && node->IsEmpty() && node->IsVisible)
+    {
+        host_window->DrawList->ChannelsSetCurrent(DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG);
+        node->LastBgColor = (node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode) ? 0 : GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_DockingEmptyBg);
+        if (node->LastBgColor != 0)
+            host_window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(node->Pos, node->Pos + node->Size, node->LastBgColor);
+        node->IsBgDrawnThisFrame = true;
+    }
+
+    // Draw whole dockspace background if ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode if set.
+    // We need to draw a background at the root level if requested by ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode, but we will only know the correct pos/size
+    // _after_ processing the resizing splitters. So we are using the DrawList channel splitting facility to submit drawing primitives out of order!
+    const bool render_dockspace_bg = node->IsRootNode() && host_window && (node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode) != 0;
+    if (render_dockspace_bg && node->IsVisible)
+    {
+        host_window->DrawList->ChannelsSetCurrent(DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG);
+        if (central_node_hole)
+            RenderRectFilledWithHole(host_window->DrawList, node->Rect(), central_node->Rect(), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_WindowBg), 0.0f);
+        else
+            host_window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(node->Pos, node->Pos + node->Size, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_WindowBg), 0.0f);
+    }
+
+    // Draw and populate Tab Bar
+    if (host_window)
+        host_window->DrawList->ChannelsSetCurrent(DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_FG);
+    if (host_window && node->Windows.Size > 0)
+    {
+        DockNodeUpdateTabBar(node, host_window);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        node->WantCloseAll = false;
+        node->WantCloseTabId = 0;
+        node->IsFocused = false;
+    }
+    if (node->TabBar && node->TabBar->SelectedTabId)
+        node->SelectedTabId = node->TabBar->SelectedTabId;
+    else if (node->Windows.Size > 0)
+        node->SelectedTabId = node->Windows[0]->TabId;
+
+    // Draw payload drop target
+    if (host_window && node->IsVisible)
+        if (node->IsRootNode() && (g.MovingWindow == NULL || g.MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree != host_window))
+            BeginDockableDragDropTarget(host_window);
+
+    // We update this after DockNodeUpdateTabBar()
+    node->LastFrameActive = g.FrameCount;
+
+    // Recurse into children
+    // FIXME-DOCK FIXME-OPT: Should not need to recurse into children
+    if (host_window)
+    {
+        if (node->ChildNodes[0])
+            DockNodeUpdate(node->ChildNodes[0]);
+        if (node->ChildNodes[1])
+            DockNodeUpdate(node->ChildNodes[1]);
+
+        // Render outer borders last (after the tab bar)
+        if (node->IsRootNode())
+            RenderWindowOuterBorders(host_window);
+    }
+
+    // End host window
+    if (beginned_into_host_window) //-V1020
+        End();
+}
+
+// Compare TabItem nodes given the last known DockOrder (will persist in .ini file as hint), used to sort tabs when multiple tabs are added on the same frame.
+static int IMGUI_CDECL TabItemComparerByDockOrder(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* a = ((const ImGuiTabItem*)lhs)->Window;
+    ImGuiWindow* b = ((const ImGuiTabItem*)rhs)->Window;
+    if (int d = ((a->DockOrder == -1) ? INT_MAX : a->DockOrder) - ((b->DockOrder == -1) ? INT_MAX : b->DockOrder))
+        return d;
+    return (a->BeginOrderWithinContext - b->BeginOrderWithinContext);
+}
+
+// Default handler for g.DockNodeWindowMenuHandler(): display the list of windows for a given dock-node.
+// This is exceptionally stored in a function pointer to also user applications to tweak this menu (undocumented)
+// Custom overrides may want to decorate, group, sort entries.
+// Please note those are internal structures: if you copy this expect occasional breakage.
+void ImGui::DockNodeWindowMenuHandler_Default(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    IM_UNUSED(ctx);
+    if (tab_bar->Tabs.Size == 1)
+    {
+        // "Hide tab bar" option. Being one of our rare user-facing string we pull it from a table.
+        if (MenuItem(LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_DockingHideTabBar), NULL, node->IsHiddenTabBar()))
+            node->WantHiddenTabBarToggle = true;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Display a selectable list of windows in this docking node
+        for (int tab_n = 0; tab_n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; tab_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n];
+            if (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button)
+                continue;
+            if (Selectable(TabBarGetTabName(tab_bar, tab), tab->ID == tab_bar->SelectedTabId))
+                TabBarQueueFocus(tab_bar, tab);
+            SameLine();
+            Text("   ");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeWindowMenuUpdate(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    // Try to position the menu so it is more likely to stays within the same viewport
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.Style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left)
+        SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(node->Pos.x, node->Pos.y + GetFrameHeight()), ImGuiCond_Always, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    else
+        SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(node->Pos.x + node->Size.x, node->Pos.y + GetFrameHeight()), ImGuiCond_Always, ImVec2(1.0f, 0.0f));
+    if (BeginPopup("#WindowMenu"))
+    {
+        node->IsFocused = true;
+        g.DockNodeWindowMenuHandler(&g, node, tab_bar);
+        EndPopup();
+    }
+}
+
+// User helper to append/amend into a dock node tab bar. Most commonly used to add e.g. a "+" button.
+bool ImGui::DockNodeBeginAmendTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    if (node->TabBar == NULL || node->HostWindow == NULL)
+        return false;
+    if (node->MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly)
+        return false;
+    Begin(node->HostWindow->Name);
+    PushOverrideID(node->ID);
+    bool ret = BeginTabBarEx(node->TabBar, node->TabBar->BarRect, node->TabBar->Flags, node);
+    IM_UNUSED(ret);
+    IM_ASSERT(ret);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockNodeEndAmendTabBar()
+{
+    EndTabBar();
+    PopID();
+    End();
+}
+
+static bool IsDockNodeTitleBarHighlighted(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiDockNode* root_node)
+{
+    // CTRL+Tab highlight (only highlighting leaf node, not whole hierarchy)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget)
+        return (g.NavWindowingTarget->DockNode == node);
+
+    // FIXME-DOCKING: May want alternative to treat central node void differently? e.g. if (g.NavWindow == host_window)
+    if (g.NavWindow && root_node->LastFocusedNodeId == node->ID)
+    {
+        // FIXME: This could all be backed in RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight? Probably need to reorganize for both dock nodes + other RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight users (not-node)
+        ImGuiWindow* parent_window = g.NavWindow->RootWindow;
+        while (parent_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)
+            parent_window = parent_window->ParentWindow->RootWindow;
+        ImGuiDockNode* start_parent_node = parent_window->DockNodeAsHost ? parent_window->DockNodeAsHost : parent_window->DockNode;
+        for (ImGuiDockNode* parent_node = start_parent_node; parent_node != NULL; parent_node = parent_node->HostWindow ? parent_node->HostWindow->RootWindow->DockNode : NULL)
+            if ((parent_node = ImGui::DockNodeGetRootNode(parent_node)) == root_node)
+                return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Submit the tab bar corresponding to a dock node and various housekeeping details.
+static void ImGui::DockNodeUpdateTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiWindow* host_window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    const bool node_was_active = (node->LastFrameActive + 1 == g.FrameCount);
+    const bool closed_all = node->WantCloseAll && node_was_active;
+    const ImGuiID closed_one = node->WantCloseTabId && node_was_active;
+    node->WantCloseAll = false;
+    node->WantCloseTabId = 0;
+
+    // Decide if we should use a focused title bar color
+    bool is_focused = false;
+    ImGuiDockNode* root_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(node);
+    if (IsDockNodeTitleBarHighlighted(node, root_node))
+        is_focused = true;
+
+    // Hidden tab bar will show a triangle on the upper-left (in Begin)
+    if (node->IsHiddenTabBar() || node->IsNoTabBar())
+    {
+        node->VisibleWindow = (node->Windows.Size > 0) ? node->Windows[0] : NULL;
+        node->IsFocused = is_focused;
+        if (is_focused)
+            node->LastFrameFocused = g.FrameCount;
+        if (node->VisibleWindow)
+        {
+            // Notify root of visible window (used to display title in OS task bar)
+            if (is_focused || root_node->VisibleWindow == NULL)
+                root_node->VisibleWindow = node->VisibleWindow;
+            if (node->TabBar)
+                node->TabBar->VisibleTabId = node->VisibleWindow->TabId;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Move ourselves to the Menu layer (so we can be accessed by tapping Alt) + undo SkipItems flag in order to draw over the title bar even if the window is collapsed
+    bool backup_skip_item = host_window->SkipItems;
+    if (!node->IsDockSpace())
+    {
+        host_window->SkipItems = false;
+        host_window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Menu;
+    }
+
+    // Use PushOverrideID() instead of PushID() to use the node id _without_ the host window ID.
+    // This is to facilitate computing those ID from the outside, and will affect more or less only the ID of the collapse button, popup and tabs,
+    // as docked windows themselves will override the stack with their own root ID.
+    PushOverrideID(node->ID);
+    ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = node->TabBar;
+    bool tab_bar_is_recreated = (tab_bar == NULL); // Tab bar are automatically destroyed when a node gets hidden
+    if (tab_bar == NULL)
+    {
+        DockNodeAddTabBar(node);
+        tab_bar = node->TabBar;
+    }
+
+    ImGuiID focus_tab_id = 0;
+    node->IsFocused = is_focused;
+
+    const ImGuiDockNodeFlags node_flags = node->MergedFlags;
+    const bool has_window_menu_button = (node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton) == 0 && (style.WindowMenuButtonPosition != ImGuiDir_None);
+
+    // In a dock node, the Collapse Button turns into the Window Menu button.
+    // FIXME-DOCK FIXME-OPT: Could we recycle popups id across multiple dock nodes?
+    if (has_window_menu_button && IsPopupOpen("#WindowMenu"))
+    {
+        ImGuiID next_selected_tab_id = tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId;
+        DockNodeWindowMenuUpdate(node, tab_bar);
+        if (tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId != 0 && tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId != next_selected_tab_id)
+            focus_tab_id = tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId;
+        is_focused |= node->IsFocused;
+    }
+
+    // Layout
+    ImRect title_bar_rect, tab_bar_rect;
+    ImVec2 window_menu_button_pos;
+    ImVec2 close_button_pos;
+    DockNodeCalcTabBarLayout(node, &title_bar_rect, &tab_bar_rect, &window_menu_button_pos, &close_button_pos);
+
+    // Submit new tabs, they will be added as Unsorted and sorted below based on relative DockOrder value.
+    const int tabs_count_old = tab_bar->Tabs.Size;
+    for (int window_n = 0; window_n < node->Windows.Size; window_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = node->Windows[window_n];
+        if (TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, window->TabId) == NULL)
+            TabBarAddTab(tab_bar, ImGuiTabItemFlags_Unsorted, window);
+    }
+
+    // Title bar
+    if (is_focused)
+        node->LastFrameFocused = g.FrameCount;
+    ImU32 title_bar_col = GetColorU32(host_window->Collapsed ? ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed : is_focused ? ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive : ImGuiCol_TitleBg);
+    ImDrawFlags rounding_flags = CalcRoundingFlagsForRectInRect(title_bar_rect, host_window->Rect(), DOCKING_SPLITTER_SIZE);
+    host_window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(title_bar_rect.Min, title_bar_rect.Max, title_bar_col, host_window->WindowRounding, rounding_flags);
+
+    // Docking/Collapse button
+    if (has_window_menu_button)
+    {
+        if (CollapseButton(host_window->GetID("#COLLAPSE"), window_menu_button_pos, node)) // == DockNodeGetWindowMenuButtonId(node)
+            OpenPopup("#WindowMenu");
+        if (IsItemActive())
+            focus_tab_id = tab_bar->SelectedTabId;
+    }
+
+    // If multiple tabs are appearing on the same frame, sort them based on their persistent DockOrder value
+    int tabs_unsorted_start = tab_bar->Tabs.Size;
+    for (int tab_n = tab_bar->Tabs.Size - 1; tab_n >= 0 && (tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n].Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Unsorted); tab_n--)
+    {
+        // FIXME-DOCK: Consider only clearing the flag after the tab has been alive for a few consecutive frames, allowing late comers to not break sorting?
+        tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n].Flags &= ~ImGuiTabItemFlags_Unsorted;
+        tabs_unsorted_start = tab_n;
+    }
+    if (tab_bar->Tabs.Size > tabs_unsorted_start)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] In node 0x%08X: %d new appearing tabs:%s\n", node->ID, tab_bar->Tabs.Size - tabs_unsorted_start, (tab_bar->Tabs.Size > tabs_unsorted_start + 1) ? " (will sort)" : "");
+        for (int tab_n = tabs_unsorted_start; tab_n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; tab_n++)
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] - Tab '%s' Order %d\n", tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n].Window->Name, tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n].Window->DockOrder);
+        if (tab_bar->Tabs.Size > tabs_unsorted_start + 1)
+            ImQsort(tab_bar->Tabs.Data + tabs_unsorted_start, tab_bar->Tabs.Size - tabs_unsorted_start, sizeof(ImGuiTabItem), TabItemComparerByDockOrder);
+    }
+
+    // Apply NavWindow focus back to the tab bar
+    if (g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow->RootWindow->DockNode == node)
+        tab_bar->SelectedTabId = g.NavWindow->RootWindow->TabId;
+
+    // Selected newly added tabs, or persistent tab ID if the tab bar was just recreated
+    if (tab_bar_is_recreated && TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, node->SelectedTabId) != NULL)
+        tab_bar->SelectedTabId = tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = node->SelectedTabId;
+    else if (tab_bar->Tabs.Size > tabs_count_old)
+        tab_bar->SelectedTabId = tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = tab_bar->Tabs.back().Window->TabId;
+
+    // Begin tab bar
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags tab_bar_flags = ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTabBarFlags_AutoSelectNewTabs; // | ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoTabListScrollingButtons);
+    tab_bar_flags |= ImGuiTabBarFlags_SaveSettings | ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode;
+    if (!host_window->Collapsed && is_focused)
+        tab_bar_flags |= ImGuiTabBarFlags_IsFocused;
+    BeginTabBarEx(tab_bar, tab_bar_rect, tab_bar_flags, node);
+    //host_window->DrawList->AddRect(tab_bar_rect.Min, tab_bar_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255,0,255,255));
+
+    // Backup style colors
+    ImVec4 backup_style_cols[ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT];
+    for (int color_n = 0; color_n < ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT; color_n++)
+        backup_style_cols[color_n] = g.Style.Colors[GWindowDockStyleColors[color_n]];
+
+    // Submit actual tabs
+    node->VisibleWindow = NULL;
+    for (int window_n = 0; window_n < node->Windows.Size; window_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = node->Windows[window_n];
+        if ((closed_all || closed_one == window->TabId) && window->HasCloseButton && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument))
+            continue;
+        if (window->LastFrameActive + 1 >= g.FrameCount || !node_was_active)
+        {
+            ImGuiTabItemFlags tab_item_flags = 0;
+            tab_item_flags |= window->WindowClass.TabItemFlagsOverrideSet;
+            if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument)
+                tab_item_flags |= ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument;
+            if (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton)
+                tab_item_flags |= ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton;
+
+            // Apply stored style overrides for the window
+            for (int color_n = 0; color_n < ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT; color_n++)
+                g.Style.Colors[GWindowDockStyleColors[color_n]] = ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(window->DockStyle.Colors[color_n]);
+
+            // Note that TabItemEx() calls TabBarCalcTabID() so our tab item ID will ignore the current ID stack (rightly so)
+            bool tab_open = true;
+            TabItemEx(tab_bar, window->Name, window->HasCloseButton ? &tab_open : NULL, tab_item_flags, window);
+            if (!tab_open)
+                node->WantCloseTabId = window->TabId;
+            if (tab_bar->VisibleTabId == window->TabId)
+                node->VisibleWindow = window;
+
+            // Store last item data so it can be queried with IsItemXXX functions after the user Begin() call
+            window->DockTabItemStatusFlags = g.LastItemData.StatusFlags;
+            window->DockTabItemRect = g.LastItemData.Rect;
+
+            // Update navigation ID on menu layer
+            if (g.NavWindow && g.NavWindow->RootWindow == window && (window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask & (1 << ImGuiNavLayer_Menu)) == 0)
+                host_window->NavLastIds[1] = window->TabId;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Restore style colors
+    for (int color_n = 0; color_n < ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT; color_n++)
+        g.Style.Colors[GWindowDockStyleColors[color_n]] = backup_style_cols[color_n];
+
+    // Notify root of visible window (used to display title in OS task bar)
+    if (node->VisibleWindow)
+        if (is_focused || root_node->VisibleWindow == NULL)
+            root_node->VisibleWindow = node->VisibleWindow;
+
+    // Close button (after VisibleWindow was updated)
+    // Note that VisibleWindow may have been overrided by CTRL+Tabbing, so VisibleWindow->TabId may be != from tab_bar->SelectedTabId
+    const bool close_button_is_enabled = node->HasCloseButton && node->VisibleWindow && node->VisibleWindow->HasCloseButton;
+    const bool close_button_is_visible = node->HasCloseButton;
+    //const bool close_button_is_visible = close_button_is_enabled; // Most people would expect this behavior of not even showing the button (leaving a hole since we can't claim that space as other windows in the tba bar have one)
+    if (close_button_is_visible)
+    {
+        if (!close_button_is_enabled)
+        {
+            PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled, true);
+            PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, style.Colors[ImGuiCol_Text] * ImVec4(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.4f));
+        }
+        if (CloseButton(host_window->GetID("#CLOSE"), close_button_pos))
+        {
+            node->WantCloseAll = true;
+            for (int n = 0; n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; n++)
+                TabBarCloseTab(tab_bar, &tab_bar->Tabs[n]);
+        }
+        //if (IsItemActive())
+        //    focus_tab_id = tab_bar->SelectedTabId;
+        if (!close_button_is_enabled)
+        {
+            PopStyleColor();
+            PopItemFlag();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // When clicking on the title bar outside of tabs, we still focus the selected tab for that node
+    // FIXME: TabItem use AllowItemOverlap so we manually perform a more specific test for now (hovered || held)
+    ImGuiID title_bar_id = host_window->GetID("#TITLEBAR");
+    if (g.HoveredId == 0 || g.HoveredId == title_bar_id || g.ActiveId == title_bar_id)
+    {
+        bool held;
+        ButtonBehavior(title_bar_rect, title_bar_id, NULL, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+        if (g.HoveredId == title_bar_id)
+        {
+            // ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap + SetItemAllowOverlap() required for appending into dock node tab bar,
+            // otherwise dragging window will steal HoveredId and amended tabs cannot get them.
+            g.LastItemData.ID = title_bar_id;
+            SetItemAllowOverlap();
+        }
+        if (held)
+        {
+            if (IsMouseClicked(0))
+                focus_tab_id = tab_bar->SelectedTabId;
+
+            // Forward moving request to selected window
+            if (ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, tab_bar->SelectedTabId))
+                StartMouseMovingWindowOrNode(tab->Window ? tab->Window : node->HostWindow, node, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Forward focus from host node to selected window
+    //if (is_focused && g.NavWindow == host_window && !g.NavWindowingTarget)
+    //    focus_tab_id = tab_bar->SelectedTabId;
+
+    // When clicked on a tab we requested focus to the docked child
+    // This overrides the value set by "forward focus from host node to selected window".
+    if (tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId)
+        focus_tab_id = tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId;
+
+    // Apply navigation focus
+    if (focus_tab_id != 0)
+        if (ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, focus_tab_id))
+            if (tab->Window)
+            {
+                FocusWindow(tab->Window);
+                NavInitWindow(tab->Window, false);
+            }
+
+    EndTabBar();
+    PopID();
+
+    // Restore SkipItems flag
+    if (!node->IsDockSpace())
+    {
+        host_window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+        host_window->SkipItems = backup_skip_item;
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeAddTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(node->TabBar == NULL);
+    node->TabBar = IM_NEW(ImGuiTabBar);
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodeRemoveTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    if (node->TabBar == NULL)
+        return;
+    IM_DELETE(node->TabBar);
+    node->TabBar = NULL;
+}
+
+static bool DockNodeIsDropAllowedOne(ImGuiWindow* payload, ImGuiWindow* host_window)
+{
+    if (host_window->DockNodeAsHost && host_window->DockNodeAsHost->IsDockSpace() && payload->BeginOrderWithinContext < host_window->BeginOrderWithinContext)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiWindowClass* host_class = host_window->DockNodeAsHost ? &host_window->DockNodeAsHost->WindowClass : &host_window->WindowClass;
+    ImGuiWindowClass* payload_class = &payload->WindowClass;
+    if (host_class->ClassId != payload_class->ClassId)
+    {
+        if (host_class->ClassId != 0 && host_class->DockingAllowUnclassed && payload_class->ClassId == 0)
+            return true;
+        if (payload_class->ClassId != 0 && payload_class->DockingAllowUnclassed && host_class->ClassId == 0)
+            return true;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Prevent docking any window created above a popup
+    // Technically we should support it (e.g. in the case of a long-lived modal window that had fancy docking features),
+    // by e.g. adding a 'if (!ImGui::IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(host_window, popup_window))' test.
+    // But it would requires more work on our end because the dock host windows is technically created in NewFrame()
+    // and our ->ParentXXX and ->RootXXX pointers inside windows are currently mislading or lacking.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (int i = g.OpenPopupStack.Size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+        if (ImGuiWindow* popup_window = g.OpenPopupStack[i].Window)
+            if (ImGui::IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(payload, popup_window))   // Payload is created from within a popup begin stack.
+                return false;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool ImGui::DockNodeIsDropAllowed(ImGuiWindow* host_window, ImGuiWindow* root_payload)
+{
+    if (root_payload->DockNodeAsHost && root_payload->DockNodeAsHost->IsSplitNode()) // FIXME-DOCK: Missing filtering
+        return true;
+
+    const int payload_count = root_payload->DockNodeAsHost ? root_payload->DockNodeAsHost->Windows.Size : 1;
+    for (int payload_n = 0; payload_n < payload_count; payload_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* payload = root_payload->DockNodeAsHost ? root_payload->DockNodeAsHost->Windows[payload_n] : root_payload;
+        if (DockNodeIsDropAllowedOne(payload, host_window))
+            return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+// window menu button == collapse button when not in a dock node.
+// FIXME: This is similar to RenderWindowTitleBarContents(), may want to share code.
+static void ImGui::DockNodeCalcTabBarLayout(const ImGuiDockNode* node, ImRect* out_title_rect, ImRect* out_tab_bar_rect, ImVec2* out_window_menu_button_pos, ImVec2* out_close_button_pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    ImRect r = ImRect(node->Pos.x, node->Pos.y, node->Pos.x + node->Size.x, node->Pos.y + g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f);
+    if (out_title_rect) { *out_title_rect = r; }
+
+    r.Min.x += style.WindowBorderSize;
+    r.Max.x -= style.WindowBorderSize;
+
+    float button_sz = g.FontSize;
+
+    ImVec2 window_menu_button_pos = r.Min;
+    r.Min.x += style.FramePadding.x;
+    r.Max.x -= style.FramePadding.x;
+    if (node->HasCloseButton)
+    {
+        r.Max.x -= button_sz;
+        if (out_close_button_pos) *out_close_button_pos = ImVec2(r.Max.x - style.FramePadding.x, r.Min.y);
+    }
+    if (node->HasWindowMenuButton && style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left)
+    {
+        r.Min.x += button_sz + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+    }
+    else if (node->HasWindowMenuButton && style.WindowMenuButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Right)
+    {
+        r.Max.x -= button_sz + style.FramePadding.x;
+        window_menu_button_pos = ImVec2(r.Max.x, r.Min.y);
+    }
+    if (out_tab_bar_rect) { *out_tab_bar_rect = r; }
+    if (out_window_menu_button_pos) { *out_window_menu_button_pos = window_menu_button_pos; }
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockNodeCalcSplitRects(ImVec2& pos_old, ImVec2& size_old, ImVec2& pos_new, ImVec2& size_new, ImGuiDir dir, ImVec2 size_new_desired)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const float dock_spacing = g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+    const ImGuiAxis axis = (dir == ImGuiDir_Left || dir == ImGuiDir_Right) ? ImGuiAxis_X : ImGuiAxis_Y;
+    pos_new[axis ^ 1] = pos_old[axis ^ 1];
+    size_new[axis ^ 1] = size_old[axis ^ 1];
+
+    // Distribute size on given axis (with a desired size or equally)
+    const float w_avail = size_old[axis] - dock_spacing;
+    if (size_new_desired[axis] > 0.0f && size_new_desired[axis] <= w_avail * 0.5f)
+    {
+        size_new[axis] = size_new_desired[axis];
+        size_old[axis] = IM_FLOOR(w_avail - size_new[axis]);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        size_new[axis] = IM_FLOOR(w_avail * 0.5f);
+        size_old[axis] = IM_FLOOR(w_avail - size_new[axis]);
+    }
+
+    // Position each node
+    if (dir == ImGuiDir_Right || dir == ImGuiDir_Down)
+    {
+        pos_new[axis] = pos_old[axis] + size_old[axis] + dock_spacing;
+    }
+    else if (dir == ImGuiDir_Left || dir == ImGuiDir_Up)
+    {
+        pos_new[axis] = pos_old[axis];
+        pos_old[axis] = pos_new[axis] + size_new[axis] + dock_spacing;
+    }
+}
+
+// Retrieve the drop rectangles for a given direction or for the center + perform hit testing.
+bool ImGui::DockNodeCalcDropRectsAndTestMousePos(const ImRect& parent, ImGuiDir dir, ImRect& out_r, bool outer_docking, ImVec2* test_mouse_pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    const float parent_smaller_axis = ImMin(parent.GetWidth(), parent.GetHeight());
+    const float hs_for_central_nodes = ImMin(g.FontSize * 1.5f, ImMax(g.FontSize * 0.5f, parent_smaller_axis / 8.0f));
+    float hs_w; // Half-size, longer axis
+    float hs_h; // Half-size, smaller axis
+    ImVec2 off; // Distance from edge or center
+    if (outer_docking)
+    {
+        //hs_w = ImFloor(ImClamp(parent_smaller_axis - hs_for_central_nodes * 4.0f, g.FontSize * 0.5f, g.FontSize * 8.0f));
+        //hs_h = ImFloor(hs_w * 0.15f);
+        //off = ImVec2(ImFloor(parent.GetWidth() * 0.5f - GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() * 1.4f - hs_h), ImFloor(parent.GetHeight() * 0.5f - GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() * 1.4f - hs_h));
+        hs_w = ImFloor(hs_for_central_nodes * 1.50f);
+        hs_h = ImFloor(hs_for_central_nodes * 0.80f);
+        off = ImVec2(ImFloor(parent.GetWidth() * 0.5f - hs_h), ImFloor(parent.GetHeight() * 0.5f - hs_h));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        hs_w = ImFloor(hs_for_central_nodes);
+        hs_h = ImFloor(hs_for_central_nodes * 0.90f);
+        off = ImVec2(ImFloor(hs_w * 2.40f), ImFloor(hs_w * 2.40f));
+    }
+
+    ImVec2 c = ImFloor(parent.GetCenter());
+    if      (dir == ImGuiDir_None)  { out_r = ImRect(c.x - hs_w, c.y - hs_w,         c.x + hs_w, c.y + hs_w);         }
+    else if (dir == ImGuiDir_Up)    { out_r = ImRect(c.x - hs_w, c.y - off.y - hs_h, c.x + hs_w, c.y - off.y + hs_h); }
+    else if (dir == ImGuiDir_Down)  { out_r = ImRect(c.x - hs_w, c.y + off.y - hs_h, c.x + hs_w, c.y + off.y + hs_h); }
+    else if (dir == ImGuiDir_Left)  { out_r = ImRect(c.x - off.x - hs_h, c.y - hs_w, c.x - off.x + hs_h, c.y + hs_w); }
+    else if (dir == ImGuiDir_Right) { out_r = ImRect(c.x + off.x - hs_h, c.y - hs_w, c.x + off.x + hs_h, c.y + hs_w); }
+
+    if (test_mouse_pos == NULL)
+        return false;
+
+    ImRect hit_r = out_r;
+    if (!outer_docking)
+    {
+        // Custom hit testing for the 5-way selection, designed to reduce flickering when moving diagonally between sides
+        hit_r.Expand(ImFloor(hs_w * 0.30f));
+        ImVec2 mouse_delta = (*test_mouse_pos - c);
+        float mouse_delta_len2 = ImLengthSqr(mouse_delta);
+        float r_threshold_center = hs_w * 1.4f;
+        float r_threshold_sides = hs_w * (1.4f + 1.2f);
+        if (mouse_delta_len2 < r_threshold_center * r_threshold_center)
+            return (dir == ImGuiDir_None);
+        if (mouse_delta_len2 < r_threshold_sides * r_threshold_sides)
+            return (dir == ImGetDirQuadrantFromDelta(mouse_delta.x, mouse_delta.y));
+    }
+    return hit_r.Contains(*test_mouse_pos);
+}
+
+// host_node may be NULL if the window doesn't have a DockNode already.
+// FIXME-DOCK: This is misnamed since it's also doing the filtering.
+static void ImGui::DockNodePreviewDockSetup(ImGuiWindow* host_window, ImGuiDockNode* host_node, ImGuiWindow* payload_window, ImGuiDockNode* payload_node, ImGuiDockPreviewData* data, bool is_explicit_target, bool is_outer_docking)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // There is an edge case when docking into a dockspace which only has inactive nodes.
+    // In this case DockNodeTreeFindNodeByPos() will have selected a leaf node which is inactive.
+    // Because the inactive leaf node doesn't have proper pos/size yet, we'll use the root node as reference.
+    if (payload_node == NULL)
+        payload_node = payload_window->DockNodeAsHost;
+    ImGuiDockNode* ref_node_for_rect = (host_node && !host_node->IsVisible) ? DockNodeGetRootNode(host_node) : host_node;
+    if (ref_node_for_rect)
+        IM_ASSERT(ref_node_for_rect->IsVisible == true);
+
+    // Filter, figure out where we are allowed to dock
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags src_node_flags = payload_node ? payload_node->MergedFlags : payload_window->WindowClass.DockNodeFlagsOverrideSet;
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags dst_node_flags = host_node ? host_node->MergedFlags : host_window->WindowClass.DockNodeFlagsOverrideSet;
+    data->IsCenterAvailable = true;
+    if (is_outer_docking)
+        data->IsCenterAvailable = false;
+    else if (dst_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDocking)
+        data->IsCenterAvailable = false;
+    else if (host_node && (dst_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingInCentralNode) && host_node->IsCentralNode())
+        data->IsCenterAvailable = false;
+    else if ((!host_node || !host_node->IsEmpty()) && payload_node && payload_node->IsSplitNode() && (payload_node->OnlyNodeWithWindows == NULL)) // Is _visibly_ split?
+        data->IsCenterAvailable = false;
+    else if (dst_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverMe)
+        data->IsCenterAvailable = false;
+    else if ((src_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverOther) && (!host_node || !host_node->IsEmpty()))
+        data->IsCenterAvailable = false;
+    else if ((src_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverEmpty) && host_node && host_node->IsEmpty())
+        data->IsCenterAvailable = false;
+
+    data->IsSidesAvailable = true;
+    if ((dst_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoSplit) || g.IO.ConfigDockingNoSplit)
+        data->IsSidesAvailable = false;
+    else if (!is_outer_docking && host_node && host_node->ParentNode == NULL && host_node->IsCentralNode())
+        data->IsSidesAvailable = false;
+    else if ((dst_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingSplitMe) || (src_node_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingSplitOther))
+        data->IsSidesAvailable = false;
+
+    // Build a tentative future node (reuse same structure because it is practical. Shape will be readjusted when previewing a split)
+    data->FutureNode.HasCloseButton = (host_node ? host_node->HasCloseButton : host_window->HasCloseButton) || (payload_window->HasCloseButton);
+    data->FutureNode.HasWindowMenuButton = host_node ? true : ((host_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse) == 0);
+    data->FutureNode.Pos = ref_node_for_rect ? ref_node_for_rect->Pos : host_window->Pos;
+    data->FutureNode.Size = ref_node_for_rect ? ref_node_for_rect->Size : host_window->Size;
+
+    // Calculate drop shapes geometry for allowed splitting directions
+    IM_ASSERT(ImGuiDir_None == -1);
+    data->SplitNode = host_node;
+    data->SplitDir = ImGuiDir_None;
+    data->IsSplitDirExplicit = false;
+    if (!host_window->Collapsed)
+        for (int dir = ImGuiDir_None; dir < ImGuiDir_COUNT; dir++)
+        {
+            if (dir == ImGuiDir_None && !data->IsCenterAvailable)
+                continue;
+            if (dir != ImGuiDir_None && !data->IsSidesAvailable)
+                continue;
+            if (DockNodeCalcDropRectsAndTestMousePos(data->FutureNode.Rect(), (ImGuiDir)dir, data->DropRectsDraw[dir+1], is_outer_docking, &g.IO.MousePos))
+            {
+                data->SplitDir = (ImGuiDir)dir;
+                data->IsSplitDirExplicit = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+    // When docking without holding Shift, we only allow and preview docking when hovering over a drop rect or over the title bar
+    data->IsDropAllowed = (data->SplitDir != ImGuiDir_None) || (data->IsCenterAvailable);
+    if (!is_explicit_target && !data->IsSplitDirExplicit && !g.IO.ConfigDockingWithShift)
+        data->IsDropAllowed = false;
+
+    // Calculate split area
+    data->SplitRatio = 0.0f;
+    if (data->SplitDir != ImGuiDir_None)
+    {
+        ImGuiDir split_dir = data->SplitDir;
+        ImGuiAxis split_axis = (split_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || split_dir == ImGuiDir_Right) ? ImGuiAxis_X : ImGuiAxis_Y;
+        ImVec2 pos_new, pos_old = data->FutureNode.Pos;
+        ImVec2 size_new, size_old = data->FutureNode.Size;
+        DockNodeCalcSplitRects(pos_old, size_old, pos_new, size_new, split_dir, payload_window->Size);
+
+        // Calculate split ratio so we can pass it down the docking request
+        float split_ratio = ImSaturate(size_new[split_axis] / data->FutureNode.Size[split_axis]);
+        data->FutureNode.Pos = pos_new;
+        data->FutureNode.Size = size_new;
+        data->SplitRatio = (split_dir == ImGuiDir_Right || split_dir == ImGuiDir_Down) ? (1.0f - split_ratio) : (split_ratio);
+    }
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockNodePreviewDockRender(ImGuiWindow* host_window, ImGuiDockNode* host_node, ImGuiWindow* root_payload, const ImGuiDockPreviewData* data)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentWindow == host_window);   // Because we rely on font size to calculate tab sizes
+
+    // With this option, we only display the preview on the target viewport, and the payload viewport is made transparent.
+    // To compensate for the single layer obstructed by the payload, we'll increase the alpha of the preview nodes.
+    const bool is_transparent_payload = g.IO.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload;
+
+    // In case the two windows involved are on different viewports, we will draw the overlay on each of them.
+    int overlay_draw_lists_count = 0;
+    ImDrawList* overlay_draw_lists[2];
+    overlay_draw_lists[overlay_draw_lists_count++] = GetForegroundDrawList(host_window->Viewport);
+    if (host_window->Viewport != root_payload->Viewport && !is_transparent_payload)
+        overlay_draw_lists[overlay_draw_lists_count++] = GetForegroundDrawList(root_payload->Viewport);
+
+    // Draw main preview rectangle
+    const ImU32 overlay_col_main = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_DockingPreview, is_transparent_payload ? 0.60f : 0.40f);
+    const ImU32 overlay_col_drop = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_DockingPreview, is_transparent_payload ? 0.90f : 0.70f);
+    const ImU32 overlay_col_drop_hovered = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_DockingPreview, is_transparent_payload ? 1.20f : 1.00f);
+    const ImU32 overlay_col_lines = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight, is_transparent_payload ? 0.80f : 0.60f);
+
+    // Display area preview
+    const bool can_preview_tabs = (root_payload->DockNodeAsHost == NULL || root_payload->DockNodeAsHost->Windows.Size > 0);
+    if (data->IsDropAllowed)
+    {
+        ImRect overlay_rect = data->FutureNode.Rect();
+        if (data->SplitDir == ImGuiDir_None && can_preview_tabs)
+            overlay_rect.Min.y += GetFrameHeight();
+        if (data->SplitDir != ImGuiDir_None || data->IsCenterAvailable)
+            for (int overlay_n = 0; overlay_n < overlay_draw_lists_count; overlay_n++)
+                overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n]->AddRectFilled(overlay_rect.Min, overlay_rect.Max, overlay_col_main, host_window->WindowRounding, CalcRoundingFlagsForRectInRect(overlay_rect, host_window->Rect(), DOCKING_SPLITTER_SIZE));
+    }
+
+    // Display tab shape/label preview unless we are splitting node (it generally makes the situation harder to read)
+    if (data->IsDropAllowed && can_preview_tabs && data->SplitDir == ImGuiDir_None && data->IsCenterAvailable)
+    {
+        // Compute target tab bar geometry so we can locate our preview tabs
+        ImRect tab_bar_rect;
+        DockNodeCalcTabBarLayout(&data->FutureNode, NULL, &tab_bar_rect, NULL, NULL);
+        ImVec2 tab_pos = tab_bar_rect.Min;
+        if (host_node && host_node->TabBar)
+        {
+            if (!host_node->IsHiddenTabBar() && !host_node->IsNoTabBar())
+                tab_pos.x += host_node->TabBar->WidthAllTabs + g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x; // We don't use OffsetNewTab because when using non-persistent-order tab bar it is incremented with each Tab submission.
+            else
+                tab_pos.x += g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + TabItemCalcSize(host_node->Windows[0]).x;
+        }
+        else if (!(host_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost))
+        {
+            tab_pos.x += g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + TabItemCalcSize(host_window).x; // Account for slight offset which will be added when changing from title bar to tab bar
+        }
+
+        // Draw tab shape/label preview (payload may be a loose window or a host window carrying multiple tabbed windows)
+        if (root_payload->DockNodeAsHost)
+            IM_ASSERT(root_payload->DockNodeAsHost->Windows.Size <= root_payload->DockNodeAsHost->TabBar->Tabs.Size);
+        ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar_with_payload = root_payload->DockNodeAsHost ? root_payload->DockNodeAsHost->TabBar : NULL;
+        const int payload_count = tab_bar_with_payload ? tab_bar_with_payload->Tabs.Size : 1;
+        for (int payload_n = 0; payload_n < payload_count; payload_n++)
+        {
+            // DockNode's TabBar may have non-window Tabs manually appended by user
+            ImGuiWindow* payload_window = tab_bar_with_payload ? tab_bar_with_payload->Tabs[payload_n].Window : root_payload;
+            if (tab_bar_with_payload && payload_window == NULL)
+                continue;
+            if (!DockNodeIsDropAllowedOne(payload_window, host_window))
+                continue;
+
+            // Calculate the tab bounding box for each payload window
+            ImVec2 tab_size = TabItemCalcSize(payload_window);
+            ImRect tab_bb(tab_pos.x, tab_pos.y, tab_pos.x + tab_size.x, tab_pos.y + tab_size.y);
+            tab_pos.x += tab_size.x + g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+            const ImU32 overlay_col_text = GetColorU32(payload_window->DockStyle.Colors[ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_Text]);
+            const ImU32 overlay_col_tabs = GetColorU32(payload_window->DockStyle.Colors[ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_TabActive]);
+            PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, overlay_col_text);
+            for (int overlay_n = 0; overlay_n < overlay_draw_lists_count; overlay_n++)
+            {
+                ImGuiTabItemFlags tab_flags = ImGuiTabItemFlags_Preview | ((payload_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument) ? ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument : 0);
+                if (!tab_bar_rect.Contains(tab_bb))
+                    overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n]->PushClipRect(tab_bar_rect.Min, tab_bar_rect.Max);
+                TabItemBackground(overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n], tab_bb, tab_flags, overlay_col_tabs);
+                TabItemLabelAndCloseButton(overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n], tab_bb, tab_flags, g.Style.FramePadding, payload_window->Name, 0, 0, false, NULL, NULL);
+                if (!tab_bar_rect.Contains(tab_bb))
+                    overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n]->PopClipRect();
+            }
+            PopStyleColor();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Display drop boxes
+    const float overlay_rounding = ImMax(3.0f, g.Style.FrameRounding);
+    for (int dir = ImGuiDir_None; dir < ImGuiDir_COUNT; dir++)
+    {
+        if (!data->DropRectsDraw[dir + 1].IsInverted())
+        {
+            ImRect draw_r = data->DropRectsDraw[dir + 1];
+            ImRect draw_r_in = draw_r;
+            draw_r_in.Expand(-2.0f);
+            ImU32 overlay_col = (data->SplitDir == (ImGuiDir)dir && data->IsSplitDirExplicit) ? overlay_col_drop_hovered : overlay_col_drop;
+            for (int overlay_n = 0; overlay_n < overlay_draw_lists_count; overlay_n++)
+            {
+                ImVec2 center = ImFloor(draw_r_in.GetCenter());
+                overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n]->AddRectFilled(draw_r.Min, draw_r.Max, overlay_col, overlay_rounding);
+                overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n]->AddRect(draw_r_in.Min, draw_r_in.Max, overlay_col_lines, overlay_rounding);
+                if (dir == ImGuiDir_Left || dir == ImGuiDir_Right)
+                    overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n]->AddLine(ImVec2(center.x, draw_r_in.Min.y), ImVec2(center.x, draw_r_in.Max.y), overlay_col_lines);
+                if (dir == ImGuiDir_Up || dir == ImGuiDir_Down)
+                    overlay_draw_lists[overlay_n]->AddLine(ImVec2(draw_r_in.Min.x, center.y), ImVec2(draw_r_in.Max.x, center.y), overlay_col_lines);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Stop after ImGuiDir_None
+        if ((host_node && (host_node->MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoSplit)) || g.IO.ConfigDockingNoSplit)
+            return;
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: ImGuiDockNode Tree manipulation functions
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DockNodeTreeSplit()
+// - DockNodeTreeMerge()
+// - DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize()
+// - DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitterFindTouchingNode()
+// - DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitter()
+// - DockNodeTreeFindFallbackLeafNode()
+// - DockNodeTreeFindNodeByPos()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::DockNodeTreeSplit(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* parent_node, ImGuiAxis split_axis, int split_inheritor_child_idx, float split_ratio, ImGuiDockNode* new_node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(split_axis != ImGuiAxis_None);
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_0 = (new_node && split_inheritor_child_idx != 0) ? new_node : DockContextAddNode(ctx, 0);
+    child_0->ParentNode = parent_node;
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_1 = (new_node && split_inheritor_child_idx != 1) ? new_node : DockContextAddNode(ctx, 0);
+    child_1->ParentNode = parent_node;
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_inheritor = (split_inheritor_child_idx == 0) ? child_0 : child_1;
+    DockNodeMoveChildNodes(child_inheritor, parent_node);
+    parent_node->ChildNodes[0] = child_0;
+    parent_node->ChildNodes[1] = child_1;
+    parent_node->ChildNodes[split_inheritor_child_idx]->VisibleWindow = parent_node->VisibleWindow;
+    parent_node->SplitAxis = split_axis;
+    parent_node->VisibleWindow = NULL;
+    parent_node->AuthorityForPos = parent_node->AuthorityForSize = ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode;
+
+    float size_avail = (parent_node->Size[split_axis] - DOCKING_SPLITTER_SIZE);
+    size_avail = ImMax(size_avail, g.Style.WindowMinSize[split_axis] * 2.0f);
+    IM_ASSERT(size_avail > 0.0f); // If you created a node manually with DockBuilderAddNode(), you need to also call DockBuilderSetNodeSize() before splitting.
+    child_0->SizeRef = child_1->SizeRef = parent_node->Size;
+    child_0->SizeRef[split_axis] = ImFloor(size_avail * split_ratio);
+    child_1->SizeRef[split_axis] = ImFloor(size_avail - child_0->SizeRef[split_axis]);
+
+    DockNodeMoveWindows(parent_node->ChildNodes[split_inheritor_child_idx], parent_node);
+    DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(parent_node->ID, parent_node->ChildNodes[split_inheritor_child_idx]->ID);
+    DockNodeUpdateHasCentralNodeChild(DockNodeGetRootNode(parent_node));
+    DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(parent_node, parent_node->Pos, parent_node->Size);
+
+    // Flags transfer (e.g. this is where we transfer the ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode property)
+    child_0->SharedFlags = parent_node->SharedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SharedFlagsInheritMask_;
+    child_1->SharedFlags = parent_node->SharedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SharedFlagsInheritMask_;
+    child_inheritor->LocalFlags = parent_node->LocalFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsTransferMask_;
+    parent_node->LocalFlags &= ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsTransferMask_;
+    child_0->UpdateMergedFlags();
+    child_1->UpdateMergedFlags();
+    parent_node->UpdateMergedFlags();
+    if (child_inheritor->IsCentralNode())
+        DockNodeGetRootNode(parent_node)->CentralNode = child_inheritor;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockNodeTreeMerge(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* parent_node, ImGuiDockNode* merge_lead_child)
+{
+    // When called from DockContextProcessUndockNode() it is possible that one of the child is NULL.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_0 = parent_node->ChildNodes[0];
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_1 = parent_node->ChildNodes[1];
+    IM_ASSERT(child_0 || child_1);
+    IM_ASSERT(merge_lead_child == child_0 || merge_lead_child == child_1);
+    if ((child_0 && child_0->Windows.Size > 0) || (child_1 && child_1->Windows.Size > 0))
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(parent_node->TabBar == NULL);
+        IM_ASSERT(parent_node->Windows.Size == 0);
+    }
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockNodeTreeMerge: 0x%08X + 0x%08X back into parent 0x%08X\n", child_0 ? child_0->ID : 0, child_1 ? child_1->ID : 0, parent_node->ID);
+
+    ImVec2 backup_last_explicit_size = parent_node->SizeRef;
+    DockNodeMoveChildNodes(parent_node, merge_lead_child);
+    if (child_0)
+    {
+        DockNodeMoveWindows(parent_node, child_0); // Generally only 1 of the 2 child node will have windows
+        DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(child_0->ID, parent_node->ID);
+    }
+    if (child_1)
+    {
+        DockNodeMoveWindows(parent_node, child_1);
+        DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(child_1->ID, parent_node->ID);
+    }
+    DockNodeApplyPosSizeToWindows(parent_node);
+    parent_node->AuthorityForPos = parent_node->AuthorityForSize = parent_node->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto;
+    parent_node->VisibleWindow = merge_lead_child->VisibleWindow;
+    parent_node->SizeRef = backup_last_explicit_size;
+
+    // Flags transfer
+    parent_node->LocalFlags &= ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsTransferMask_; // Preserve Dockspace flag
+    parent_node->LocalFlags |= (child_0 ? child_0->LocalFlags : 0) & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsTransferMask_;
+    parent_node->LocalFlags |= (child_1 ? child_1->LocalFlags : 0) & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsTransferMask_;
+    parent_node->LocalFlagsInWindows = (child_0 ? child_0->LocalFlagsInWindows : 0) | (child_1 ? child_1->LocalFlagsInWindows : 0); // FIXME: Would be more consistent to update from actual windows
+    parent_node->UpdateMergedFlags();
+
+    if (child_0)
+    {
+        ctx->DockContext.Nodes.SetVoidPtr(child_0->ID, NULL);
+        IM_DELETE(child_0);
+    }
+    if (child_1)
+    {
+        ctx->DockContext.Nodes.SetVoidPtr(child_1->ID, NULL);
+        IM_DELETE(child_1);
+    }
+}
+
+// Update Pos/Size for a node hierarchy (don't affect child Windows yet)
+// (Depth-first, Pre-Order)
+void ImGui::DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImVec2 pos, ImVec2 size, ImGuiDockNode* only_write_to_single_node)
+{
+    // During the regular dock node update we write to all nodes.
+    // 'only_write_to_single_node' is only set when turning a node visible mid-frame and we need its size right-away.
+    const bool write_to_node = only_write_to_single_node == NULL || only_write_to_single_node == node;
+    if (write_to_node)
+    {
+        node->Pos = pos;
+        node->Size = size;
+    }
+
+    if (node->IsLeafNode())
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_0 = node->ChildNodes[0];
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_1 = node->ChildNodes[1];
+    ImVec2 child_0_pos = pos, child_1_pos = pos;
+    ImVec2 child_0_size = size, child_1_size = size;
+
+    const bool child_0_is_toward_single_node = (only_write_to_single_node != NULL && DockNodeIsInHierarchyOf(only_write_to_single_node, child_0));
+    const bool child_1_is_toward_single_node = (only_write_to_single_node != NULL && DockNodeIsInHierarchyOf(only_write_to_single_node, child_1));
+    const bool child_0_is_or_will_be_visible = child_0->IsVisible || child_0_is_toward_single_node;
+    const bool child_1_is_or_will_be_visible = child_1->IsVisible || child_1_is_toward_single_node;
+
+    if (child_0_is_or_will_be_visible && child_1_is_or_will_be_visible)
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        const float spacing = DOCKING_SPLITTER_SIZE;
+        const ImGuiAxis axis = (ImGuiAxis)node->SplitAxis;
+        const float size_avail = ImMax(size[axis] - spacing, 0.0f);
+
+        // Size allocation policy
+        // 1) The first 0..WindowMinSize[axis]*2 are allocated evenly to both windows.
+        const float size_min_each = ImFloor(ImMin(size_avail, g.Style.WindowMinSize[axis] * 2.0f) * 0.5f);
+
+        // FIXME: Blocks 2) and 3) are essentially doing nearly the same thing.
+        // Difference are: write-back to SizeRef; application of a minimum size; rounding before ImFloor()
+        // Clarify and rework differences between Size & SizeRef and purpose of WantLockSizeOnce
+
+        // 2) Process locked absolute size (during a splitter resize we preserve the child of nodes not touching the splitter edge)
+        if (child_0->WantLockSizeOnce && !child_1->WantLockSizeOnce)
+        {
+            child_0_size[axis] = child_0->SizeRef[axis] = ImMin(size_avail - 1.0f, child_0->Size[axis]);
+            child_1_size[axis] = child_1->SizeRef[axis] = (size_avail - child_0_size[axis]);
+            IM_ASSERT(child_0->SizeRef[axis] > 0.0f && child_1->SizeRef[axis] > 0.0f);
+        }
+        else if (child_1->WantLockSizeOnce && !child_0->WantLockSizeOnce)
+        {
+            child_1_size[axis] = child_1->SizeRef[axis] = ImMin(size_avail - 1.0f, child_1->Size[axis]);
+            child_0_size[axis] = child_0->SizeRef[axis] = (size_avail - child_1_size[axis]);
+            IM_ASSERT(child_0->SizeRef[axis] > 0.0f && child_1->SizeRef[axis] > 0.0f);
+        }
+        else if (child_0->WantLockSizeOnce && child_1->WantLockSizeOnce)
+        {
+            // FIXME-DOCK: We cannot honor the requested size, so apply ratio.
+            // Currently this path will only be taken if code programmatically sets WantLockSizeOnce
+            float split_ratio = child_0_size[axis] / (child_0_size[axis] + child_1_size[axis]);
+            child_0_size[axis] = child_0->SizeRef[axis] = ImFloor(size_avail * split_ratio);
+            child_1_size[axis] = child_1->SizeRef[axis] = (size_avail - child_0_size[axis]);
+            IM_ASSERT(child_0->SizeRef[axis] > 0.0f && child_1->SizeRef[axis] > 0.0f);
+        }
+
+        // 3) If one window is the central node (~ use remaining space, should be made explicit!), use explicit size from the other, and remainder for the central node
+        else if (child_0->SizeRef[axis] != 0.0f && child_1->HasCentralNodeChild)
+        {
+            child_0_size[axis] = ImMin(size_avail - size_min_each, child_0->SizeRef[axis]);
+            child_1_size[axis] = (size_avail - child_0_size[axis]);
+        }
+        else if (child_1->SizeRef[axis] != 0.0f && child_0->HasCentralNodeChild)
+        {
+            child_1_size[axis] = ImMin(size_avail - size_min_each, child_1->SizeRef[axis]);
+            child_0_size[axis] = (size_avail - child_1_size[axis]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // 4) Otherwise distribute according to the relative ratio of each SizeRef value
+            float split_ratio = child_0->SizeRef[axis] / (child_0->SizeRef[axis] + child_1->SizeRef[axis]);
+            child_0_size[axis] = ImMax(size_min_each, ImFloor(size_avail * split_ratio + 0.5f));
+            child_1_size[axis] = (size_avail - child_0_size[axis]);
+        }
+
+        child_1_pos[axis] += spacing + child_0_size[axis];
+    }
+
+    if (only_write_to_single_node == NULL)
+        child_0->WantLockSizeOnce = child_1->WantLockSizeOnce = false;
+
+    const bool child_0_recurse = only_write_to_single_node ? child_0_is_toward_single_node : child_0->IsVisible;
+    const bool child_1_recurse = only_write_to_single_node ? child_1_is_toward_single_node : child_1->IsVisible;
+    if (child_0_recurse)
+        DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(child_0, child_0_pos, child_0_size);
+    if (child_1_recurse)
+        DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(child_1, child_1_pos, child_1_size);
+}
+
+static void DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitterFindTouchingNode(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiAxis axis, int side, ImVector<ImGuiDockNode*>* touching_nodes)
+{
+    if (node->IsLeafNode())
+    {
+        touching_nodes->push_back(node);
+        return;
+    }
+    if (node->ChildNodes[0]->IsVisible)
+        if (node->SplitAxis != axis || side == 0 || !node->ChildNodes[1]->IsVisible)
+            DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitterFindTouchingNode(node->ChildNodes[0], axis, side, touching_nodes);
+    if (node->ChildNodes[1]->IsVisible)
+        if (node->SplitAxis != axis || side == 1 || !node->ChildNodes[0]->IsVisible)
+            DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitterFindTouchingNode(node->ChildNodes[1], axis, side, touching_nodes);
+}
+
+// (Depth-First, Pre-Order)
+void ImGui::DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitter(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    if (node->IsLeafNode())
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_0 = node->ChildNodes[0];
+    ImGuiDockNode* child_1 = node->ChildNodes[1];
+    if (child_0->IsVisible && child_1->IsVisible)
+    {
+        // Bounding box of the splitter cover the space between both nodes (w = Spacing, h = Size[xy^1] for when splitting horizontally)
+        const ImGuiAxis axis = (ImGuiAxis)node->SplitAxis;
+        IM_ASSERT(axis != ImGuiAxis_None);
+        ImRect bb;
+        bb.Min = child_0->Pos;
+        bb.Max = child_1->Pos;
+        bb.Min[axis] += child_0->Size[axis];
+        bb.Max[axis ^ 1] += child_1->Size[axis ^ 1];
+        //if (g.IO.KeyCtrl) GetForegroundDrawList(g.CurrentWindow->Viewport)->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, IM_COL32(255,0,255,255));
+
+        const ImGuiDockNodeFlags merged_flags = child_0->MergedFlags | child_1->MergedFlags; // Merged flags for BOTH childs
+        const ImGuiDockNodeFlags no_resize_axis_flag = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeX : ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeY;
+        if ((merged_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize) || (merged_flags & no_resize_axis_flag))
+        {
+            ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+            window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Separator), g.Style.FrameRounding);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            //bb.Min[axis] += 1; // Display a little inward so highlight doesn't connect with nearby tabs on the neighbor node.
+            //bb.Max[axis] -= 1;
+            PushID(node->ID);
+
+            // Find resizing limits by gathering list of nodes that are touching the splitter line.
+            ImVector<ImGuiDockNode*> touching_nodes[2];
+            float min_size = g.Style.WindowMinSize[axis];
+            float resize_limits[2];
+            resize_limits[0] = node->ChildNodes[0]->Pos[axis] + min_size;
+            resize_limits[1] = node->ChildNodes[1]->Pos[axis] + node->ChildNodes[1]->Size[axis] - min_size;
+
+            ImGuiID splitter_id = GetID("##Splitter");
+            if (g.ActiveId == splitter_id) // Only process when splitter is active
+            {
+                DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitterFindTouchingNode(child_0, axis, 1, &touching_nodes[0]);
+                DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitterFindTouchingNode(child_1, axis, 0, &touching_nodes[1]);
+                for (int touching_node_n = 0; touching_node_n < touching_nodes[0].Size; touching_node_n++)
+                    resize_limits[0] = ImMax(resize_limits[0], touching_nodes[0][touching_node_n]->Rect().Min[axis] + min_size);
+                for (int touching_node_n = 0; touching_node_n < touching_nodes[1].Size; touching_node_n++)
+                    resize_limits[1] = ImMin(resize_limits[1], touching_nodes[1][touching_node_n]->Rect().Max[axis] - min_size);
+
+                // [DEBUG] Render touching nodes & limits
+                /*
+                ImDrawList* draw_list = node->HostWindow ? GetForegroundDrawList(node->HostWindow) : GetForegroundDrawList(GetMainViewport());
+                for (int n = 0; n < 2; n++)
+                {
+                    for (int touching_node_n = 0; touching_node_n < touching_nodes[n].Size; touching_node_n++)
+                        draw_list->AddRect(touching_nodes[n][touching_node_n]->Pos, touching_nodes[n][touching_node_n]->Pos + touching_nodes[n][touching_node_n]->Size, IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255));
+                    if (axis == ImGuiAxis_X)
+                        draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(resize_limits[n], node->ChildNodes[n]->Pos.y), ImVec2(resize_limits[n], node->ChildNodes[n]->Pos.y + node->ChildNodes[n]->Size.y), IM_COL32(255, 0, 255, 255), 3.0f);
+                    else
+                        draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(node->ChildNodes[n]->Pos.x, resize_limits[n]), ImVec2(node->ChildNodes[n]->Pos.x + node->ChildNodes[n]->Size.x, resize_limits[n]), IM_COL32(255, 0, 255, 255), 3.0f);
+                }
+                */
+            }
+
+            // Use a short delay before highlighting the splitter (and changing the mouse cursor) in order for regular mouse movement to not highlight many splitters
+            float cur_size_0 = child_0->Size[axis];
+            float cur_size_1 = child_1->Size[axis];
+            float min_size_0 = resize_limits[0] - child_0->Pos[axis];
+            float min_size_1 = child_1->Pos[axis] + child_1->Size[axis] - resize_limits[1];
+            ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_WindowBg);
+            if (SplitterBehavior(bb, GetID("##Splitter"), axis, &cur_size_0, &cur_size_1, min_size_0, min_size_1, WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING, WINDOWS_RESIZE_FROM_EDGES_FEEDBACK_TIMER, bg_col))
+            {
+                if (touching_nodes[0].Size > 0 && touching_nodes[1].Size > 0)
+                {
+                    child_0->Size[axis] = child_0->SizeRef[axis] = cur_size_0;
+                    child_1->Pos[axis] -= cur_size_1 - child_1->Size[axis];
+                    child_1->Size[axis] = child_1->SizeRef[axis] = cur_size_1;
+
+                    // Lock the size of every node that is a sibling of the node we are touching
+                    // This might be less desirable if we can merge sibling of a same axis into the same parental level.
+                    for (int side_n = 0; side_n < 2; side_n++)
+                        for (int touching_node_n = 0; touching_node_n < touching_nodes[side_n].Size; touching_node_n++)
+                        {
+                            ImGuiDockNode* touching_node = touching_nodes[side_n][touching_node_n];
+                            //ImDrawList* draw_list = node->HostWindow ? GetForegroundDrawList(node->HostWindow) : GetForegroundDrawList(GetMainViewport());
+                            //draw_list->AddRect(touching_node->Pos, touching_node->Pos + touching_node->Size, IM_COL32(255, 128, 0, 255));
+                            while (touching_node->ParentNode != node)
+                            {
+                                if (touching_node->ParentNode->SplitAxis == axis)
+                                {
+                                    // Mark other node so its size will be preserved during the upcoming call to DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize().
+                                    ImGuiDockNode* node_to_preserve = touching_node->ParentNode->ChildNodes[side_n];
+                                    node_to_preserve->WantLockSizeOnce = true;
+                                    //draw_list->AddRect(touching_node->Pos, touching_node->Rect().Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255));
+                                    //draw_list->AddRectFilled(node_to_preserve->Pos, node_to_preserve->Rect().Max, IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 100));
+                                }
+                                touching_node = touching_node->ParentNode;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                    DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(child_0, child_0->Pos, child_0->Size);
+                    DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(child_1, child_1->Pos, child_1->Size);
+                    MarkIniSettingsDirty();
+                }
+            }
+            PopID();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (child_0->IsVisible)
+        DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitter(child_0);
+    if (child_1->IsVisible)
+        DockNodeTreeUpdateSplitter(child_1);
+}
+
+ImGuiDockNode* ImGui::DockNodeTreeFindFallbackLeafNode(ImGuiDockNode* node)
+{
+    if (node->IsLeafNode())
+        return node;
+    if (ImGuiDockNode* leaf_node = DockNodeTreeFindFallbackLeafNode(node->ChildNodes[0]))
+        return leaf_node;
+    if (ImGuiDockNode* leaf_node = DockNodeTreeFindFallbackLeafNode(node->ChildNodes[1]))
+        return leaf_node;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+ImGuiDockNode* ImGui::DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImVec2 pos)
+{
+    if (!node->IsVisible)
+        return NULL;
+
+    const float dock_spacing = 0.0f;// g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x; // FIXME: Relation to DOCKING_SPLITTER_SIZE?
+    ImRect r(node->Pos, node->Pos + node->Size);
+    r.Expand(dock_spacing * 0.5f);
+    bool inside = r.Contains(pos);
+    if (!inside)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (node->IsLeafNode())
+        return node;
+    if (ImGuiDockNode* hovered_node = DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos(node->ChildNodes[0], pos))
+        return hovered_node;
+    if (ImGuiDockNode* hovered_node = DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos(node->ChildNodes[1], pos))
+        return hovered_node;
+
+    // This means we are hovering over the splitter/spacing of a parent node
+    return node;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: Public Functions (SetWindowDock, DockSpace, DockSpaceOverViewport)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - SetWindowDock() [Internal]
+// - DockSpace()
+// - DockSpaceOverViewport()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// [Internal] Called via SetNextWindowDockID()
+void ImGui::SetWindowDock(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID dock_id, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    // Test condition (NB: bit 0 is always true) and clear flags for next time
+    if (cond && (window->SetWindowDockAllowFlags & cond) == 0)
+        return;
+    window->SetWindowDockAllowFlags &= ~(ImGuiCond_Once | ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver | ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+
+    if (window->DockId == dock_id)
+        return;
+
+    // If the user attempt to set a dock id that is a split node, we'll dig within to find a suitable docking spot
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    if (ImGuiDockNode* new_node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, dock_id))
+        if (new_node->IsSplitNode())
+        {
+            // Policy: Find central node or latest focused node. We first move back to our root node.
+            new_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(new_node);
+            if (new_node->CentralNode)
+            {
+                IM_ASSERT(new_node->CentralNode->IsCentralNode());
+                dock_id = new_node->CentralNode->ID;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                dock_id = new_node->LastFocusedNodeId;
+            }
+        }
+
+    if (window->DockId == dock_id)
+        return;
+
+    if (window->DockNode)
+        DockNodeRemoveWindow(window->DockNode, window, 0);
+    window->DockId = dock_id;
+}
+
+// Create an explicit dockspace node within an existing window. Also expose dock node flags and creates a CentralNode by default.
+// The Central Node is always displayed even when empty and shrink/extend according to the requested size of its neighbors.
+// DockSpace() needs to be submitted _before_ any window they can host. If you use a dockspace, submit it early in your app.
+// When ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly is set, nothing is submitted in the current window (function may be called from any location).
+ImGuiID ImGui::DockSpace(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size_arg, ImGuiDockNodeFlags flags, const ImGuiWindowClass* window_class)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    if (!(g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable))
+        return 0;
+
+    // Early out if parent window is hidden/collapsed
+    // This is faster but also DockNodeUpdateTabBar() relies on TabBarLayout() running (which won't if SkipItems=true) to set NextSelectedTabId = 0). See #2960.
+    // If for whichever reason this is causing problem we would need to ensure that DockNodeUpdateTabBar() ends up clearing NextSelectedTabId even if SkipItems=true.
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly) == 0)
+        window = GetCurrentWindow(); // call to set window->WriteAccessed = true;
+
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace) == 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(id != 0);
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, id);
+    if (!node)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockSpace: dockspace node 0x%08X created\n", id);
+        node = DockContextAddNode(ctx, id);
+        node->SetLocalFlags(ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode);
+    }
+    if (window_class && window_class->ClassId != node->WindowClass.ClassId)
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockSpace: dockspace node 0x%08X: setup WindowClass 0x%08X -> 0x%08X\n", id, node->WindowClass.ClassId, window_class->ClassId);
+    node->SharedFlags = flags;
+    node->WindowClass = window_class ? *window_class : ImGuiWindowClass();
+
+    // When a DockSpace transitioned form implicit to explicit this may be called a second time
+    // It is possible that the node has already been claimed by a docked window which appeared before the DockSpace() node, so we overwrite IsDockSpace again.
+    if (node->LastFrameActive == g.FrameCount && !(flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly))
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(node->IsDockSpace() == false && "Cannot call DockSpace() twice a frame with the same ID");
+        node->SetLocalFlags(node->LocalFlags | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace);
+        return id;
+    }
+    node->SetLocalFlags(node->LocalFlags | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace);
+
+    // Keep alive mode, this is allow windows docked into this node so stay docked even if they are not visible
+    if (flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly)
+    {
+        node->LastFrameAlive = g.FrameCount;
+        return id;
+    }
+
+    const ImVec2 content_avail = GetContentRegionAvail();
+    ImVec2 size = ImFloor(size_arg);
+    if (size.x <= 0.0f)
+        size.x = ImMax(content_avail.x + size.x, 4.0f); // Arbitrary minimum child size (0.0f causing too much issues)
+    if (size.y <= 0.0f)
+        size.y = ImMax(content_avail.y + size.y, 4.0f);
+    IM_ASSERT(size.x > 0.0f && size.y > 0.0f);
+
+    node->Pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    node->Size = node->SizeRef = size;
+    SetNextWindowPos(node->Pos);
+    SetNextWindowSize(node->Size);
+    g.NextWindowData.PosUndock = false;
+
+    // FIXME-DOCK: Why do we need a child window to host a dockspace, could we host it in the existing window?
+    // FIXME-DOCK: What is the reason for not simply calling BeginChild()? (OK to have a reason but should be commented)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost;
+    window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;
+    window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse;
+    window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground;
+
+    char title[256];
+    ImFormatString(title, IM_ARRAYSIZE(title), "%s/DockSpace_%08X", window->Name, id);
+
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ChildBorderSize, 0.0f);
+    Begin(title, NULL, window_flags);
+    PopStyleVar();
+
+    ImGuiWindow* host_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    DockNodeSetupHostWindow(node, host_window);
+    host_window->ChildId = window->GetID(title);
+    node->OnlyNodeWithWindows = NULL;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(node->IsRootNode());
+
+    // We need to handle the rare case were a central node is missing.
+    // This can happen if the node was first created manually with DockBuilderAddNode() but _without_ the ImGuiDockNodeFlags_Dockspace.
+    // Doing it correctly would set the _CentralNode flags, which would then propagate according to subsequent split.
+    // It would also be ambiguous to attempt to assign a central node while there are split nodes, so we wait until there's a single node remaining.
+    // The specific sub-property of _CentralNode we are interested in recovering here is the "Don't delete when empty" property,
+    // as it doesn't make sense for an empty dockspace to not have this property.
+    if (node->IsLeafNode() && !node->IsCentralNode())
+        node->SetLocalFlags(node->LocalFlags | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode);
+
+    // Update the node
+    DockNodeUpdate(node);
+
+    End();
+
+    ImRect bb(node->Pos, node->Pos + size);
+    ItemSize(size);
+    ItemAdd(bb, id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav); // Not a nav point (could be, would need to draw the nav rect and replicate/refactor activation from BeginChild(), but seems like CTRL+Tab works better here?)
+    if ((g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect) && IsWindowChildOf(g.HoveredWindow, host_window, false, true)) // To fullfill IsItemHovered(), similar to EndChild()
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow;
+
+    return id;
+}
+
+// Tips: Use with ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode!
+// The limitation with this call is that your window won't have a menu bar.
+// Even though we could pass window flags, it would also require the user to be able to call BeginMenuBar() somehow meaning we can't Begin/End in a single function.
+// But you can also use BeginMainMenuBar(). If you really want a menu bar inside the same window as the one hosting the dockspace, you will need to copy this code somewhere and tweak it.
+ImGuiID ImGui::DockSpaceOverViewport(const ImGuiViewport* viewport, ImGuiDockNodeFlags dockspace_flags, const ImGuiWindowClass* window_class)
+{
+    if (viewport == NULL)
+        viewport = GetMainViewport();
+
+    SetNextWindowPos(viewport->WorkPos);
+    SetNextWindowSize(viewport->WorkSize);
+    SetNextWindowViewport(viewport->ID);
+
+    ImGuiWindowFlags host_window_flags = 0;
+    host_window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    host_window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus;
+    if (dockspace_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode)
+        host_window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground;
+
+    char label[32];
+    ImFormatString(label, IM_ARRAYSIZE(label), "DockSpaceViewport_%08X", viewport->ID);
+
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding, 0.0f);
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowBorderSize, 0.0f);
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    Begin(label, NULL, host_window_flags);
+    PopStyleVar(3);
+
+    ImGuiID dockspace_id = GetID("DockSpace");
+    DockSpace(dockspace_id, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), dockspace_flags, window_class);
+    End();
+
+    return dockspace_id;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: Builder Functions
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Very early end-user API to manipulate dock nodes.
+// Only available in imgui_internal.h. Expect this API to change/break!
+// It is expected that those functions are all called _before_ the dockspace node submission.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DockBuilderDockWindow()
+// - DockBuilderGetNode()
+// - DockBuilderSetNodePos()
+// - DockBuilderSetNodeSize()
+// - DockBuilderAddNode()
+// - DockBuilderRemoveNode()
+// - DockBuilderRemoveNodeChildNodes()
+// - DockBuilderRemoveNodeDockedWindows()
+// - DockBuilderSplitNode()
+// - DockBuilderCopyNodeRec()
+// - DockBuilderCopyNode()
+// - DockBuilderCopyWindowSettings()
+// - DockBuilderCopyDockSpace()
+// - DockBuilderFinish()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::DockBuilderDockWindow(const char* window_name, ImGuiID node_id)
+{
+    // We don't preserve relative order of multiple docked windows (by clearing DockOrder back to -1)
+    ImGuiID window_id = ImHashStr(window_name);
+    if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByID(window_id))
+    {
+        // Apply to created window
+        SetWindowDock(window, node_id, ImGuiCond_Always);
+        window->DockOrder = -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Apply to settings
+        ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = FindWindowSettingsByID(window_id);
+        if (settings == NULL)
+            settings = CreateNewWindowSettings(window_name);
+        settings->DockId = node_id;
+        settings->DockOrder = -1;
+    }
+}
+
+ImGuiDockNode* ImGui::DockBuilderGetNode(ImGuiID node_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    return DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, node_id);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockBuilderSetNodePos(ImGuiID node_id, ImVec2 pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, node_id);
+    if (node == NULL)
+        return;
+    node->Pos = pos;
+    node->AuthorityForPos = ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockBuilderSetNodeSize(ImGuiID node_id, ImVec2 size)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, node_id);
+    if (node == NULL)
+        return;
+    IM_ASSERT(size.x > 0.0f && size.y > 0.0f);
+    node->Size = node->SizeRef = size;
+    node->AuthorityForSize = ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode;
+}
+
+// Make sure to use the ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace flag to create a dockspace node! Otherwise this will create a floating node!
+// - Floating node: you can then call DockBuilderSetNodePos()/DockBuilderSetNodeSize() to position and size the floating node.
+// - Dockspace node: calling DockBuilderSetNodePos() is unnecessary.
+// - If you intend to split a node immediately after creation using DockBuilderSplitNode(), make sure to call DockBuilderSetNodeSize() beforehand!
+//   For various reason, the splitting code currently needs a base size otherwise space may not be allocated as precisely as you would expect.
+// - Use (id == 0) to let the system allocate a node identifier.
+// - Existing node with a same id will be removed.
+ImGuiID ImGui::DockBuilderAddNode(ImGuiID id, ImGuiDockNodeFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+
+    if (id != 0)
+        DockBuilderRemoveNode(id);
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = NULL;
+    if (flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace)
+    {
+        DockSpace(id, ImVec2(0, 0), (flags & ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace) | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly);
+        node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, id);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        node = DockContextAddNode(ctx, id);
+        node->SetLocalFlags(flags);
+    }
+    node->LastFrameAlive = ctx->FrameCount;   // Set this otherwise BeginDocked will undock during the same frame.
+    return node->ID;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockBuilderRemoveNode(ImGuiID node_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, node_id);
+    if (node == NULL)
+        return;
+    DockBuilderRemoveNodeDockedWindows(node_id, true);
+    DockBuilderRemoveNodeChildNodes(node_id);
+    // Node may have moved or deleted if e.g. any merge happened
+    node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, node_id);
+    if (node == NULL)
+        return;
+    if (node->IsCentralNode() && node->ParentNode)
+        node->ParentNode->SetLocalFlags(node->ParentNode->LocalFlags | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode);
+    DockContextRemoveNode(ctx, node, true);
+}
+
+// root_id = 0 to remove all, root_id != 0 to remove child of given node.
+void ImGui::DockBuilderRemoveNodeChildNodes(ImGuiID root_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* root_node = root_id ? DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, root_id) : NULL;
+    if (root_id && root_node == NULL)
+        return;
+    bool has_central_node = false;
+
+    ImGuiDataAuthority backup_root_node_authority_for_pos = root_node ? root_node->AuthorityForPos : ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto;
+    ImGuiDataAuthority backup_root_node_authority_for_size = root_node ? root_node->AuthorityForSize : ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto;
+
+    // Process active windows
+    ImVector<ImGuiDockNode*> nodes_to_remove;
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Nodes.Data.Size; n++)
+        if (ImGuiDockNode* node = (ImGuiDockNode*)dc->Nodes.Data[n].val_p)
+        {
+            bool want_removal = (root_id == 0) || (node->ID != root_id && DockNodeGetRootNode(node)->ID == root_id);
+            if (want_removal)
+            {
+                if (node->IsCentralNode())
+                    has_central_node = true;
+                if (root_id != 0)
+                    DockContextQueueNotifyRemovedNode(ctx, node);
+                if (root_node)
+                {
+                    DockNodeMoveWindows(root_node, node);
+                    DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(node->ID, root_node->ID);
+                }
+                nodes_to_remove.push_back(node);
+            }
+        }
+
+    // DockNodeMoveWindows->DockNodeAddWindow will normally set those when reaching two windows (which is only adequate during interactive merge)
+    // Make sure we don't lose our current pos/size. (FIXME-DOCK: Consider tidying up that code in DockNodeAddWindow instead)
+    if (root_node)
+    {
+        root_node->AuthorityForPos = backup_root_node_authority_for_pos;
+        root_node->AuthorityForSize = backup_root_node_authority_for_size;
+    }
+
+    // Apply to settings
+    for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = ctx->SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = ctx->SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (ImGuiID window_settings_dock_id = settings->DockId)
+            for (int n = 0; n < nodes_to_remove.Size; n++)
+                if (nodes_to_remove[n]->ID == window_settings_dock_id)
+                {
+                    settings->DockId = root_id;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+    // Not really efficient, but easier to destroy a whole hierarchy considering DockContextRemoveNode is attempting to merge nodes
+    if (nodes_to_remove.Size > 1)
+        ImQsort(nodes_to_remove.Data, nodes_to_remove.Size, sizeof(ImGuiDockNode*), DockNodeComparerDepthMostFirst);
+    for (int n = 0; n < nodes_to_remove.Size; n++)
+        DockContextRemoveNode(ctx, nodes_to_remove[n], false);
+
+    if (root_id == 0)
+    {
+        dc->Nodes.Clear();
+        dc->Requests.clear();
+    }
+    else if (has_central_node)
+    {
+        root_node->CentralNode = root_node;
+        root_node->SetLocalFlags(root_node->LocalFlags | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockBuilderRemoveNodeDockedWindows(ImGuiID root_id, bool clear_settings_refs)
+{
+    // Clear references in settings
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    if (clear_settings_refs)
+    {
+        for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+        {
+            bool want_removal = (root_id == 0) || (settings->DockId == root_id);
+            if (!want_removal && settings->DockId != 0)
+                if (ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, settings->DockId))
+                    if (DockNodeGetRootNode(node)->ID == root_id)
+                        want_removal = true;
+            if (want_removal)
+                settings->DockId = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Clear references in windows
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Windows.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[n];
+        bool want_removal = (root_id == 0) || (window->DockNode && DockNodeGetRootNode(window->DockNode)->ID == root_id) || (window->DockNodeAsHost && window->DockNodeAsHost->ID == root_id);
+        if (want_removal)
+        {
+            const ImGuiID backup_dock_id = window->DockId;
+            IM_UNUSED(backup_dock_id);
+            DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ctx, window, clear_settings_refs);
+            if (!clear_settings_refs)
+                IM_ASSERT(window->DockId == backup_dock_id);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// If 'out_id_at_dir' or 'out_id_at_opposite_dir' are non NULL, the function will write out the ID of the two new nodes created.
+// Return value is ID of the node at the specified direction, so same as (*out_id_at_dir) if that pointer is set.
+// FIXME-DOCK: We are not exposing nor using split_outer.
+ImGuiID ImGui::DockBuilderSplitNode(ImGuiID id, ImGuiDir split_dir, float size_ratio_for_node_at_dir, ImGuiID* out_id_at_dir, ImGuiID* out_id_at_opposite_dir)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(split_dir != ImGuiDir_None);
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockBuilderSplitNode: node 0x%08X, split_dir %d\n", id, split_dir);
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(&g, id);
+    if (node == NULL)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(node != NULL);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    IM_ASSERT(!node->IsSplitNode()); // Assert if already Split
+
+    ImGuiDockRequest req;
+    req.Type = ImGuiDockRequestType_Split;
+    req.DockTargetWindow = NULL;
+    req.DockTargetNode = node;
+    req.DockPayload = NULL;
+    req.DockSplitDir = split_dir;
+    req.DockSplitRatio = ImSaturate((split_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || split_dir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? size_ratio_for_node_at_dir : 1.0f - size_ratio_for_node_at_dir);
+    req.DockSplitOuter = false;
+    DockContextProcessDock(&g, &req);
+
+    ImGuiID id_at_dir = node->ChildNodes[(split_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || split_dir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? 0 : 1]->ID;
+    ImGuiID id_at_opposite_dir = node->ChildNodes[(split_dir == ImGuiDir_Left || split_dir == ImGuiDir_Up) ? 1 : 0]->ID;
+    if (out_id_at_dir)
+        *out_id_at_dir = id_at_dir;
+    if (out_id_at_opposite_dir)
+        *out_id_at_opposite_dir = id_at_opposite_dir;
+    return id_at_dir;
+}
+
+static ImGuiDockNode* DockBuilderCopyNodeRec(ImGuiDockNode* src_node, ImGuiID dst_node_id_if_known, ImVector<ImGuiID>* out_node_remap_pairs)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiDockNode* dst_node = ImGui::DockContextAddNode(&g, dst_node_id_if_known);
+    dst_node->SharedFlags = src_node->SharedFlags;
+    dst_node->LocalFlags = src_node->LocalFlags;
+    dst_node->LocalFlagsInWindows = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_None;
+    dst_node->Pos = src_node->Pos;
+    dst_node->Size = src_node->Size;
+    dst_node->SizeRef = src_node->SizeRef;
+    dst_node->SplitAxis = src_node->SplitAxis;
+    dst_node->UpdateMergedFlags();
+
+    out_node_remap_pairs->push_back(src_node->ID);
+    out_node_remap_pairs->push_back(dst_node->ID);
+
+    for (int child_n = 0; child_n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(src_node->ChildNodes); child_n++)
+        if (src_node->ChildNodes[child_n])
+        {
+            dst_node->ChildNodes[child_n] = DockBuilderCopyNodeRec(src_node->ChildNodes[child_n], 0, out_node_remap_pairs);
+            dst_node->ChildNodes[child_n]->ParentNode = dst_node;
+        }
+
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] Fork node %08X -> %08X (%d childs)\n", src_node->ID, dst_node->ID, dst_node->IsSplitNode() ? 2 : 0);
+    return dst_node;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockBuilderCopyNode(ImGuiID src_node_id, ImGuiID dst_node_id, ImVector<ImGuiID>* out_node_remap_pairs)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(src_node_id != 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(dst_node_id != 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(out_node_remap_pairs != NULL);
+
+    DockBuilderRemoveNode(dst_node_id);
+
+    ImGuiDockNode* src_node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, src_node_id);
+    IM_ASSERT(src_node != NULL);
+
+    out_node_remap_pairs->clear();
+    DockBuilderCopyNodeRec(src_node, dst_node_id, out_node_remap_pairs);
+
+    IM_ASSERT((out_node_remap_pairs->Size % 2) == 0);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DockBuilderCopyWindowSettings(const char* src_name, const char* dst_name)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* src_window = FindWindowByName(src_name);
+    if (src_window == NULL)
+        return;
+    if (ImGuiWindow* dst_window = FindWindowByName(dst_name))
+    {
+        dst_window->Pos = src_window->Pos;
+        dst_window->Size = src_window->Size;
+        dst_window->SizeFull = src_window->SizeFull;
+        dst_window->Collapsed = src_window->Collapsed;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ImGuiWindowSettings* dst_settings = FindWindowSettingsByID(ImHashStr(dst_name));
+        if (!dst_settings)
+            dst_settings = CreateNewWindowSettings(dst_name);
+        ImVec2ih window_pos_2ih = ImVec2ih(src_window->Pos);
+        if (src_window->ViewportId != 0 && src_window->ViewportId != IMGUI_VIEWPORT_DEFAULT_ID)
+        {
+            dst_settings->ViewportPos = window_pos_2ih;
+            dst_settings->ViewportId = src_window->ViewportId;
+            dst_settings->Pos = ImVec2ih(0, 0);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            dst_settings->Pos = window_pos_2ih;
+        }
+        dst_settings->Size = ImVec2ih(src_window->SizeFull);
+        dst_settings->Collapsed = src_window->Collapsed;
+    }
+}
+
+// FIXME: Will probably want to change this signature, in particular how the window remapping pairs are passed.
+void ImGui::DockBuilderCopyDockSpace(ImGuiID src_dockspace_id, ImGuiID dst_dockspace_id, ImVector<const char*>* in_window_remap_pairs)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(src_dockspace_id != 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(dst_dockspace_id != 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(in_window_remap_pairs != NULL);
+    IM_ASSERT((in_window_remap_pairs->Size % 2) == 0);
+
+    // Duplicate entire dock
+    // FIXME: When overwriting dst_dockspace_id, windows that aren't part of our dockspace window class but that are docked in a same node will be split apart,
+    // whereas we could attempt to at least keep them together in a new, same floating node.
+    ImVector<ImGuiID> node_remap_pairs;
+    DockBuilderCopyNode(src_dockspace_id, dst_dockspace_id, &node_remap_pairs);
+
+    // Attempt to transition all the upcoming windows associated to dst_dockspace_id into the newly created hierarchy of dock nodes
+    // (The windows associated to src_dockspace_id are staying in place)
+    ImVector<ImGuiID> src_windows;
+    for (int remap_window_n = 0; remap_window_n < in_window_remap_pairs->Size; remap_window_n += 2)
+    {
+        const char* src_window_name = (*in_window_remap_pairs)[remap_window_n];
+        const char* dst_window_name = (*in_window_remap_pairs)[remap_window_n + 1];
+        ImGuiID src_window_id = ImHashStr(src_window_name);
+        src_windows.push_back(src_window_id);
+
+        // Search in the remapping tables
+        ImGuiID src_dock_id = 0;
+        if (ImGuiWindow* src_window = FindWindowByID(src_window_id))
+            src_dock_id = src_window->DockId;
+        else if (ImGuiWindowSettings* src_window_settings = FindWindowSettingsByID(src_window_id))
+            src_dock_id = src_window_settings->DockId;
+        ImGuiID dst_dock_id = 0;
+        for (int dock_remap_n = 0; dock_remap_n < node_remap_pairs.Size; dock_remap_n += 2)
+            if (node_remap_pairs[dock_remap_n] == src_dock_id)
+            {
+                dst_dock_id = node_remap_pairs[dock_remap_n + 1];
+                //node_remap_pairs[dock_remap_n] = node_remap_pairs[dock_remap_n + 1] = 0; // Clear
+                break;
+            }
+
+        if (dst_dock_id != 0)
+        {
+            // Docked windows gets redocked into the new node hierarchy.
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] Remap live window '%s' 0x%08X -> '%s' 0x%08X\n", src_window_name, src_dock_id, dst_window_name, dst_dock_id);
+            DockBuilderDockWindow(dst_window_name, dst_dock_id);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Floating windows gets their settings transferred (regardless of whether the new window already exist or not)
+            // When this is leading to a Copy and not a Move, we would get two overlapping floating windows. Could we possibly dock them together?
+            IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] Remap window settings '%s' -> '%s'\n", src_window_name, dst_window_name);
+            DockBuilderCopyWindowSettings(src_window_name, dst_window_name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Anything else in the source nodes of 'node_remap_pairs' are windows that are not included in the remapping list.
+    // Find those windows and move to them to the cloned dock node. This may be optional?
+    // Dock those are a second step as undocking would invalidate source dock nodes.
+    struct DockRemainingWindowTask { ImGuiWindow* Window; ImGuiID DockId; DockRemainingWindowTask(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID dock_id) { Window = window; DockId = dock_id; } };
+    ImVector<DockRemainingWindowTask> dock_remaining_windows;
+    for (int dock_remap_n = 0; dock_remap_n < node_remap_pairs.Size; dock_remap_n += 2)
+        if (ImGuiID src_dock_id = node_remap_pairs[dock_remap_n])
+        {
+            ImGuiID dst_dock_id = node_remap_pairs[dock_remap_n + 1];
+            ImGuiDockNode* node = DockBuilderGetNode(src_dock_id);
+            for (int window_n = 0; window_n < node->Windows.Size; window_n++)
+            {
+                ImGuiWindow* window = node->Windows[window_n];
+                if (src_windows.contains(window->ID))
+                    continue;
+
+                // Docked windows gets redocked into the new node hierarchy.
+                IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] Remap window '%s' %08X -> %08X\n", window->Name, src_dock_id, dst_dock_id);
+                dock_remaining_windows.push_back(DockRemainingWindowTask(window, dst_dock_id));
+            }
+        }
+    for (const DockRemainingWindowTask& task : dock_remaining_windows)
+        DockBuilderDockWindow(task.Window->Name, task.DockId);
+}
+
+// FIXME-DOCK: This is awkward because in series of split user is likely to loose access to its root node.
+void ImGui::DockBuilderFinish(ImGuiID root_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    //DockContextRebuild(ctx);
+    DockContextBuildAddWindowsToNodes(ctx, root_id);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: Begin/End Support Functions (called from Begin/End)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnTabBar()
+// - DockContextBindNodeToWindow()
+// - BeginDocked()
+// - BeginDockableDragDropSource()
+// - BeginDockableDragDropTarget()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ImGui::GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnTabBar(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.IO.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar || window->WindowClass.DockingAlwaysTabBar)
+        if ((window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking)) == 0)
+            if (!window->IsFallbackWindow)    // We don't support AlwaysTabBar on the fallback/implicit window to avoid unused dock-node overhead/noise
+                return true;
+    return false;
+}
+
+static ImGuiDockNode* ImGui::DockContextBindNodeToWindow(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, window->DockId);
+    IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode == NULL);
+
+    // We should not be docking into a split node (SetWindowDock should avoid this)
+    if (node && node->IsSplitNode())
+    {
+        DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ctx, window);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Create node
+    if (node == NULL)
+    {
+        node = DockContextAddNode(ctx, window->DockId);
+        node->AuthorityForPos = node->AuthorityForSize = node->AuthorityForViewport = ImGuiDataAuthority_Window;
+        node->LastFrameAlive = g.FrameCount;
+    }
+
+    // If the node just turned visible and is part of a hierarchy, it doesn't have a Size assigned by DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize() yet,
+    // so we're forcing a Pos/Size update from the first ancestor that is already visible (often it will be the root node).
+    // If we don't do this, the window will be assigned a zero-size on its first frame, which won't ideally warm up the layout.
+    // This is a little wonky because we don't normally update the Pos/Size of visible node mid-frame.
+    if (!node->IsVisible)
+    {
+        ImGuiDockNode* ancestor_node = node;
+        while (!ancestor_node->IsVisible && ancestor_node->ParentNode)
+            ancestor_node = ancestor_node->ParentNode;
+        IM_ASSERT(ancestor_node->Size.x > 0.0f && ancestor_node->Size.y > 0.0f);
+        DockNodeUpdateHasCentralNodeChild(DockNodeGetRootNode(ancestor_node));
+        DockNodeTreeUpdatePosSize(ancestor_node, ancestor_node->Pos, ancestor_node->Size, node);
+    }
+
+    // Add window to node
+    bool node_was_visible = node->IsVisible;
+    DockNodeAddWindow(node, window, true);
+    node->IsVisible = node_was_visible; // Don't mark visible right away (so DockContextEndFrame() doesn't render it, maybe other side effects? will see)
+    IM_ASSERT(node == window->DockNode);
+    return node;
+}
+
+void ImGui::BeginDocked(ImGuiWindow* window, bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+
+    // Clear fields ahead so most early-out paths don't have to do it
+    window->DockIsActive = window->DockNodeIsVisible = window->DockTabIsVisible = false;
+
+    const bool auto_dock_node = GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnTabBar(window);
+    if (auto_dock_node)
+    {
+        if (window->DockId == 0)
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(window->DockNode == NULL);
+            window->DockId = DockContextGenNodeID(ctx);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Calling SetNextWindowPos() undock windows by default (by setting PosUndock)
+        bool want_undock = false;
+        want_undock |= (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking) != 0;
+        want_undock |= (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasPos) && (window->SetWindowPosAllowFlags & g.NextWindowData.PosCond) && g.NextWindowData.PosUndock;
+        if (want_undock)
+        {
+            DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ctx, window);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Bind to our dock node
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = window->DockNode;
+    if (node != NULL)
+        IM_ASSERT(window->DockId == node->ID);
+    if (window->DockId != 0 && node == NULL)
+    {
+        node = DockContextBindNodeToWindow(ctx, window);
+        if (node == NULL)
+            return;
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    // Undock if the ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingInCentralNode got set
+    if (node->IsCentralNode && (node->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingInCentralNode))
+    {
+        DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ctx, window);
+        return;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Undock if our dockspace node disappeared
+    // Note how we are testing for LastFrameAlive and NOT LastFrameActive. A DockSpace node can be maintained alive while being inactive with ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly.
+    if (node->LastFrameAlive < g.FrameCount)
+    {
+        // If the window has been orphaned, transition the docknode to an implicit node processed in DockContextNewFrameUpdateDocking()
+        ImGuiDockNode* root_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(node);
+        if (root_node->LastFrameAlive < g.FrameCount)
+            DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ctx, window);
+        else
+            window->DockIsActive = true;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Store style overrides
+    for (int color_n = 0; color_n < ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT; color_n++)
+        window->DockStyle.Colors[color_n] = ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(g.Style.Colors[GWindowDockStyleColors[color_n]]);
+
+    // Fast path return. It is common for windows to hold on a persistent DockId but be the only visible window,
+    // and never create neither a host window neither a tab bar.
+    // FIXME-DOCK: replace ->HostWindow NULL compare with something more explicit (~was initially intended as a first frame test)
+    if (node->HostWindow == NULL)
+    {
+        if (node->State == ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowHiddenBecauseWindowsAreResizing)
+            window->DockIsActive = true;
+        if (node->Windows.Size > 1)
+            DockNodeHideWindowDuringHostWindowCreation(window);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // We can have zero-sized nodes (e.g. children of a small-size dockspace)
+    IM_ASSERT(node->HostWindow);
+    IM_ASSERT(node->IsLeafNode());
+    IM_ASSERT(node->Size.x >= 0.0f && node->Size.y >= 0.0f);
+    node->State = ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowVisible;
+
+    // Undock if we are submitted earlier than the host window
+    if (!(node->MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly) && window->BeginOrderWithinContext < node->HostWindow->BeginOrderWithinContext)
+    {
+        DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ctx, window);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Position/Size window
+    SetNextWindowPos(node->Pos);
+    SetNextWindowSize(node->Size);
+    g.NextWindowData.PosUndock = false; // Cancel implicit undocking of SetNextWindowPos()
+    window->DockIsActive = true;
+    window->DockNodeIsVisible = true;
+    window->DockTabIsVisible = false;
+    if (node->MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly)
+        return;
+
+    // When the window is selected we mark it as visible.
+    if (node->VisibleWindow == window)
+        window->DockTabIsVisible = true;
+
+    // Update window flag
+    IM_ASSERT((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) == 0);
+    window->Flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysUseWindowPadding | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize;
+    if (node->IsHiddenTabBar() || node->IsNoTabBar())
+        window->Flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;
+    else
+        window->Flags &= ~ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;      // Clear the NoTitleBar flag in case the user set it: confusingly enough we need a title bar height so we are correctly offset, but it won't be displayed!
+
+    // Save new dock order only if the window has been visible once already
+    // This allows multiple windows to be created in the same frame and have their respective dock orders preserved.
+    if (node->TabBar && window->WasActive)
+        window->DockOrder = (short)DockNodeGetTabOrder(window);
+
+    if ((node->WantCloseAll || node->WantCloseTabId == window->TabId) && p_open != NULL)
+        *p_open = false;
+
+    // Update ChildId to allow returning from Child to Parent with Escape
+    ImGuiWindow* parent_window = window->DockNode->HostWindow;
+    window->ChildId = parent_window->GetID(window->Name);
+}
+
+void ImGui::BeginDockableDragDropSource(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.ActiveId == window->MoveId);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.MovingWindow == window);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentWindow == window);
+
+    g.LastItemData.ID = window->MoveId;
+    window = window->RootWindowDockTree;
+    IM_ASSERT((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking) == 0);
+    bool is_drag_docking = (g.IO.ConfigDockingWithShift) || ImRect(0, 0, window->SizeFull.x, GetFrameHeight()).Contains(g.ActiveIdClickOffset); // FIXME-DOCKING: Need to make this stateful and explicit
+    if (is_drag_docking && BeginDragDropSource(ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoPreviewTooltip | ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoHoldToOpenOthers | ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceAutoExpirePayload))
+    {
+        SetDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_WINDOW, &window, sizeof(window));
+        EndDragDropSource();
+
+        // Store style overrides
+        for (int color_n = 0; color_n < ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT; color_n++)
+            window->DockStyle.Colors[color_n] = ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(g.Style.Colors[GWindowDockStyleColors[color_n]]);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::BeginDockableDragDropTarget(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext* ctx = GImGui;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+
+    //IM_ASSERT(window->RootWindowDockTree == window); // May also be a DockSpace
+    IM_ASSERT((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking) == 0);
+    if (!g.DragDropActive)
+        return;
+    //GetForegroundDrawList(window)->AddRect(window->Pos, window->Pos + window->Size, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+    if (!BeginDragDropTargetCustom(window->Rect(), window->ID))
+        return;
+
+    // Peek into the payload before calling AcceptDragDropPayload() so we can handle overlapping dock nodes with filtering
+    // (this is a little unusual pattern, normally most code would call AcceptDragDropPayload directly)
+    const ImGuiPayload* payload = &g.DragDropPayload;
+    if (!payload->IsDataType(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_WINDOW) || !DockNodeIsDropAllowed(window, *(ImGuiWindow**)payload->Data))
+    {
+        EndDragDropTarget();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ImGuiWindow* payload_window = *(ImGuiWindow**)payload->Data;
+    if (AcceptDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_WINDOW, ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptBeforeDelivery | ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptNoDrawDefaultRect))
+    {
+        // Select target node
+        // (Important: we cannot use g.HoveredDockNode here! Because each of our target node have filters based on payload, each candidate drop target will do its own evaluation)
+        bool dock_into_floating_window = false;
+        ImGuiDockNode* node = NULL;
+        if (window->DockNodeAsHost)
+        {
+            // Cannot assume that node will != NULL even though we passed the rectangle test: it depends on padding/spacing handled by DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos().
+            node = DockNodeTreeFindVisibleNodeByPos(window->DockNodeAsHost, g.IO.MousePos);
+
+            // There is an edge case when docking into a dockspace which only has _inactive_ nodes (because none of the windows are active)
+            // In this case we need to fallback into any leaf mode, possibly the central node.
+            // FIXME-20181220: We should not have to test for IsLeafNode() here but we have another bug to fix first.
+            if (node && node->IsDockSpace() && node->IsRootNode())
+                node = (node->CentralNode && node->IsLeafNode()) ? node->CentralNode : DockNodeTreeFindFallbackLeafNode(node);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (window->DockNode)
+                node = window->DockNode;
+            else
+                dock_into_floating_window = true; // Dock into a regular window
+        }
+
+        const ImRect explicit_target_rect = (node && node->TabBar && !node->IsHiddenTabBar() && !node->IsNoTabBar()) ? node->TabBar->BarRect : ImRect(window->Pos, window->Pos + ImVec2(window->Size.x, GetFrameHeight()));
+        const bool is_explicit_target = g.IO.ConfigDockingWithShift || IsMouseHoveringRect(explicit_target_rect.Min, explicit_target_rect.Max);
+
+        // Preview docking request and find out split direction/ratio
+        //const bool do_preview = true;     // Ignore testing for payload->IsPreview() which removes one frame of delay, but breaks overlapping drop targets within the same window.
+        const bool do_preview = payload->IsPreview() || payload->IsDelivery();
+        if (do_preview && (node != NULL || dock_into_floating_window))
+        {
+            // If we have a non-leaf node it means we are hovering the border of a parent node, in which case only outer markers will appear.
+            ImGuiDockPreviewData split_inner;
+            ImGuiDockPreviewData split_outer;
+            ImGuiDockPreviewData* split_data = &split_inner;
+            if (node && (node->ParentNode || node->IsCentralNode() || !node->IsLeafNode()))
+                if (ImGuiDockNode* root_node = DockNodeGetRootNode(node))
+                {
+                    DockNodePreviewDockSetup(window, root_node, payload_window, NULL, &split_outer, is_explicit_target, true);
+                    if (split_outer.IsSplitDirExplicit)
+                        split_data = &split_outer;
+                }
+            if (!node || node->IsLeafNode())
+                DockNodePreviewDockSetup(window, node, payload_window, NULL, &split_inner, is_explicit_target, false);
+            if (split_data == &split_outer)
+                split_inner.IsDropAllowed = false;
+
+            // Draw inner then outer, so that previewed tab (in inner data) will be behind the outer drop boxes
+            DockNodePreviewDockRender(window, node, payload_window, &split_inner);
+            DockNodePreviewDockRender(window, node, payload_window, &split_outer);
+
+            // Queue docking request
+            if (split_data->IsDropAllowed && payload->IsDelivery())
+                DockContextQueueDock(ctx, window, split_data->SplitNode, payload_window, split_data->SplitDir, split_data->SplitRatio, split_data == &split_outer);
+        }
+    }
+    EndDragDropTarget();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Docking: Settings
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences()
+// - DockSettingsRemoveNodeReferences()
+// - DockSettingsFindNodeSettings()
+// - DockSettingsHandler_ApplyAll()
+// - DockSettingsHandler_ReadOpen()
+// - DockSettingsHandler_ReadLine()
+// - DockSettingsHandler_DockNodeToSettings()
+// - DockSettingsHandler_WriteAll()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void ImGui::DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences(ImGuiID old_node_id, ImGuiID new_node_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING("[docking] DockSettingsRenameNodeReferences: from 0x%08X -> to 0x%08X\n", old_node_id, new_node_id);
+    for (int window_n = 0; window_n < g.Windows.Size; window_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[window_n];
+        if (window->DockId == old_node_id && window->DockNode == NULL)
+            window->DockId = new_node_id;
+    }
+    //// FIXME-OPT: We could remove this loop by storing the index in the map
+    for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (settings->DockId == old_node_id)
+            settings->DockId = new_node_id;
+}
+
+// Remove references stored in ImGuiWindowSettings to the given ImGuiDockNodeSettings
+static void ImGui::DockSettingsRemoveNodeReferences(ImGuiID* node_ids, int node_ids_count)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    int found = 0;
+    //// FIXME-OPT: We could remove this loop by storing the index in the map
+    for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+        for (int node_n = 0; node_n < node_ids_count; node_n++)
+            if (settings->DockId == node_ids[node_n])
+            {
+                settings->DockId = 0;
+                settings->DockOrder = -1;
+                if (++found < node_ids_count)
+                    break;
+                return;
+            }
+}
+
+static ImGuiDockNodeSettings* ImGui::DockSettingsFindNodeSettings(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    // FIXME-OPT
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->NodesSettings.Size; n++)
+        if (dc->NodesSettings[n].ID == id)
+            return &dc->NodesSettings[n];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Clear settings data
+static void ImGui::DockSettingsHandler_ClearAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler*)
+{
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+    dc->NodesSettings.clear();
+    DockContextClearNodes(ctx, 0, true);
+}
+
+// Recreate nodes based on settings data
+static void ImGui::DockSettingsHandler_ApplyAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler*)
+{
+    // Prune settings at boot time only
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc  = &ctx->DockContext;
+    if (ctx->Windows.Size == 0)
+        DockContextPruneUnusedSettingsNodes(ctx);
+    DockContextBuildNodesFromSettings(ctx, dc->NodesSettings.Data, dc->NodesSettings.Size);
+    DockContextBuildAddWindowsToNodes(ctx, 0);
+}
+
+static void* ImGui::DockSettingsHandler_ReadOpen(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, const char* name)
+{
+    if (strcmp(name, "Data") != 0)
+        return NULL;
+    return (void*)1;
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockSettingsHandler_ReadLine(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, void*, const char* line)
+{
+    char c = 0;
+    int x = 0, y = 0;
+    int r = 0;
+
+    // Parsing, e.g.
+    // " DockNode   ID=0x00000001 Pos=383,193 Size=201,322 Split=Y,0.506 "
+    // "   DockNode ID=0x00000002 Parent=0x00000001 "
+    // Important: this code expect currently fields in a fixed order.
+    ImGuiDockNodeSettings node;
+    line = ImStrSkipBlank(line);
+    if      (strncmp(line, "DockNode", 8) == 0)  { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + strlen("DockNode")); }
+    else if (strncmp(line, "DockSpace", 9) == 0) { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + strlen("DockSpace")); node.Flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace; }
+    else return;
+    if (sscanf(line, "ID=0x%08X%n",      &node.ID, &r) == 1)            { line += r; } else return;
+    if (sscanf(line, " Parent=0x%08X%n", &node.ParentNodeId, &r) == 1)  { line += r; if (node.ParentNodeId == 0) return; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " Window=0x%08X%n", &node.ParentWindowId, &r) ==1) { line += r; if (node.ParentWindowId == 0) return; }
+    if (node.ParentNodeId == 0)
+    {
+        if (sscanf(line, " Pos=%i,%i%n",  &x, &y, &r) == 2)         { line += r; node.Pos = ImVec2ih((short)x, (short)y); } else return;
+        if (sscanf(line, " Size=%i,%i%n", &x, &y, &r) == 2)         { line += r; node.Size = ImVec2ih((short)x, (short)y); } else return;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (sscanf(line, " SizeRef=%i,%i%n", &x, &y, &r) == 2)      { line += r; node.SizeRef = ImVec2ih((short)x, (short)y); }
+    }
+    if (sscanf(line, " Split=%c%n", &c, &r) == 1)                   { line += r; if (c == 'X') node.SplitAxis = ImGuiAxis_X; else if (c == 'Y') node.SplitAxis = ImGuiAxis_Y; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " NoResize=%d%n", &x, &r) == 1)                { line += r; if (x != 0) node.Flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " CentralNode=%d%n", &x, &r) == 1)             { line += r; if (x != 0) node.Flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " NoTabBar=%d%n", &x, &r) == 1)                { line += r; if (x != 0) node.Flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoTabBar; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " HiddenTabBar=%d%n", &x, &r) == 1)            { line += r; if (x != 0) node.Flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " NoWindowMenuButton=%d%n", &x, &r) == 1)      { line += r; if (x != 0) node.Flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " NoCloseButton=%d%n", &x, &r) == 1)           { line += r; if (x != 0) node.Flags |= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCloseButton; }
+    if (sscanf(line, " Selected=0x%08X%n", &node.SelectedTabId,&r) == 1) { line += r; }
+    if (node.ParentNodeId != 0)
+        if (ImGuiDockNodeSettings* parent_settings = DockSettingsFindNodeSettings(ctx, node.ParentNodeId))
+            node.Depth = parent_settings->Depth + 1;
+    ctx->DockContext.NodesSettings.push_back(node);
+}
+
+static void DockSettingsHandler_DockNodeToSettings(ImGuiDockContext* dc, ImGuiDockNode* node, int depth)
+{
+    ImGuiDockNodeSettings node_settings;
+    IM_ASSERT(depth < (1 << (sizeof(node_settings.Depth) << 3)));
+    node_settings.ID = node->ID;
+    node_settings.ParentNodeId = node->ParentNode ? node->ParentNode->ID : 0;
+    node_settings.ParentWindowId = (node->IsDockSpace() && node->HostWindow && node->HostWindow->ParentWindow) ? node->HostWindow->ParentWindow->ID : 0;
+    node_settings.SelectedTabId = node->SelectedTabId;
+    node_settings.SplitAxis = (signed char)(node->IsSplitNode() ? node->SplitAxis : ImGuiAxis_None);
+    node_settings.Depth = (char)depth;
+    node_settings.Flags = (node->LocalFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SavedFlagsMask_);
+    node_settings.Pos = ImVec2ih(node->Pos);
+    node_settings.Size = ImVec2ih(node->Size);
+    node_settings.SizeRef = ImVec2ih(node->SizeRef);
+    dc->NodesSettings.push_back(node_settings);
+    if (node->ChildNodes[0])
+        DockSettingsHandler_DockNodeToSettings(dc, node->ChildNodes[0], depth + 1);
+    if (node->ChildNodes[1])
+        DockSettingsHandler_DockNodeToSettings(dc, node->ChildNodes[1], depth + 1);
+}
+
+static void ImGui::DockSettingsHandler_WriteAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler, ImGuiTextBuffer* buf)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImGuiDockContext* dc = &ctx->DockContext;
+    if (!(g.IO.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable))
+        return;
+
+    // Gather settings data
+    // (unlike our windows settings, because nodes are always built we can do a full rewrite of the SettingsNode buffer)
+    dc->NodesSettings.resize(0);
+    dc->NodesSettings.reserve(dc->Nodes.Data.Size);
+    for (int n = 0; n < dc->Nodes.Data.Size; n++)
+        if (ImGuiDockNode* node = (ImGuiDockNode*)dc->Nodes.Data[n].val_p)
+            if (node->IsRootNode())
+                DockSettingsHandler_DockNodeToSettings(dc, node, 0);
+
+    int max_depth = 0;
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < dc->NodesSettings.Size; node_n++)
+        max_depth = ImMax((int)dc->NodesSettings[node_n].Depth, max_depth);
+
+    // Write to text buffer
+    buf->appendf("[%s][Data]\n", handler->TypeName);
+    for (int node_n = 0; node_n < dc->NodesSettings.Size; node_n++)
+    {
+        const int line_start_pos = buf->size(); (void)line_start_pos;
+        const ImGuiDockNodeSettings* node_settings = &dc->NodesSettings[node_n];
+        buf->appendf("%*s%s%*s", node_settings->Depth * 2, "", (node_settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace) ? "DockSpace" : "DockNode ", (max_depth - node_settings->Depth) * 2, "");  // Text align nodes to facilitate looking at .ini file
+        buf->appendf(" ID=0x%08X", node_settings->ID);
+        if (node_settings->ParentNodeId)
+        {
+            buf->appendf(" Parent=0x%08X SizeRef=%d,%d", node_settings->ParentNodeId, node_settings->SizeRef.x, node_settings->SizeRef.y);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (node_settings->ParentWindowId)
+                buf->appendf(" Window=0x%08X", node_settings->ParentWindowId);
+            buf->appendf(" Pos=%d,%d Size=%d,%d", node_settings->Pos.x, node_settings->Pos.y, node_settings->Size.x, node_settings->Size.y);
+        }
+        if (node_settings->SplitAxis != ImGuiAxis_None)
+            buf->appendf(" Split=%c", (node_settings->SplitAxis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? 'X' : 'Y');
+        if (node_settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize)
+            buf->appendf(" NoResize=1");
+        if (node_settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode)
+            buf->appendf(" CentralNode=1");
+        if (node_settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoTabBar)
+            buf->appendf(" NoTabBar=1");
+        if (node_settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar)
+            buf->appendf(" HiddenTabBar=1");
+        if (node_settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton)
+            buf->appendf(" NoWindowMenuButton=1");
+        if (node_settings->Flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCloseButton)
+            buf->appendf(" NoCloseButton=1");
+        if (node_settings->SelectedTabId)
+            buf->appendf(" Selected=0x%08X", node_settings->SelectedTabId);
+
+#if IMGUI_DEBUG_INI_SETTINGS
+        // [DEBUG] Include comments in the .ini file to ease debugging
+        if (ImGuiDockNode* node = DockContextFindNodeByID(ctx, node_settings->ID))
+        {
+            buf->appendf("%*s", ImMax(2, (line_start_pos + 92) - buf->size()), "");     // Align everything
+            if (node->IsDockSpace() && node->HostWindow && node->HostWindow->ParentWindow)
+                buf->appendf(" ; in '%s'", node->HostWindow->ParentWindow->Name);
+            // Iterate settings so we can give info about windows that didn't exist during the session.
+            int contains_window = 0;
+            for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+                if (settings->DockId == node_settings->ID)
+                {
+                    if (contains_window++ == 0)
+                        buf->appendf(" ; contains ");
+                    buf->appendf("'%s' ", settings->GetName());
+                }
+        }
+#endif
+        buf->appendf("\n");
+    }
+    buf->appendf("\n");
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] PLATFORM DEPENDENT HELPERS
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS)
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma comment(lib, "user32")
+#pragma comment(lib, "kernel32")
+#endif
+
+// Win32 clipboard implementation
+// We use g.ClipboardHandlerData for temporary storage to ensure it is freed on Shutdown()
+static const char* GetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void* user_data_ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *(ImGuiContext*)user_data_ctx;
+    g.ClipboardHandlerData.clear();
+    if (!::OpenClipboard(NULL))
+        return NULL;
+    HANDLE wbuf_handle = ::GetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT);
+    if (wbuf_handle == NULL)
+    {
+        ::CloseClipboard();
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    if (const WCHAR* wbuf_global = (const WCHAR*)::GlobalLock(wbuf_handle))
+    {
+        int buf_len = ::WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf_global, -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
+        g.ClipboardHandlerData.resize(buf_len);
+        ::WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wbuf_global, -1, g.ClipboardHandlerData.Data, buf_len, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+    ::GlobalUnlock(wbuf_handle);
+    ::CloseClipboard();
+    return g.ClipboardHandlerData.Data;
+}
+
+static void SetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void*, const char* text)
+{
+    if (!::OpenClipboard(NULL))
+        return;
+    const int wbuf_length = ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, text, -1, NULL, 0);
+    HGLOBAL wbuf_handle = ::GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, (SIZE_T)wbuf_length * sizeof(WCHAR));
+    if (wbuf_handle == NULL)
+    {
+        ::CloseClipboard();
+        return;
+    }
+    WCHAR* wbuf_global = (WCHAR*)::GlobalLock(wbuf_handle);
+    ::MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, text, -1, wbuf_global, wbuf_length);
+    ::GlobalUnlock(wbuf_handle);
+    ::EmptyClipboard();
+    if (::SetClipboardData(CF_UNICODETEXT, wbuf_handle) == NULL)
+        ::GlobalFree(wbuf_handle);
+    ::CloseClipboard();
+}
+
+#elif defined(__APPLE__) && TARGET_OS_OSX && defined(IMGUI_ENABLE_OSX_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS)
+
+#include <Carbon/Carbon.h>  // Use old API to avoid need for separate .mm file
+static PasteboardRef main_clipboard = 0;
+
+// OSX clipboard implementation
+// If you enable this you will need to add '-framework ApplicationServices' to your linker command-line!
+static void SetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void*, const char* text)
+{
+    if (!main_clipboard)
+        PasteboardCreate(kPasteboardClipboard, &main_clipboard);
+    PasteboardClear(main_clipboard);
+    CFDataRef cf_data = CFDataCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, (const UInt8*)text, strlen(text));
+    if (cf_data)
+    {
+        PasteboardPutItemFlavor(main_clipboard, (PasteboardItemID)1, CFSTR("public.utf8-plain-text"), cf_data, 0);
+        CFRelease(cf_data);
+    }
+}
+
+static const char* GetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void* user_data_ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *(ImGuiContext*)user_data_ctx;
+    if (!main_clipboard)
+        PasteboardCreate(kPasteboardClipboard, &main_clipboard);
+    PasteboardSynchronize(main_clipboard);
+
+    ItemCount item_count = 0;
+    PasteboardGetItemCount(main_clipboard, &item_count);
+    for (ItemCount i = 0; i < item_count; i++)
+    {
+        PasteboardItemID item_id = 0;
+        PasteboardGetItemIdentifier(main_clipboard, i + 1, &item_id);
+        CFArrayRef flavor_type_array = 0;
+        PasteboardCopyItemFlavors(main_clipboard, item_id, &flavor_type_array);
+        for (CFIndex j = 0, nj = CFArrayGetCount(flavor_type_array); j < nj; j++)
+        {
+            CFDataRef cf_data;
+            if (PasteboardCopyItemFlavorData(main_clipboard, item_id, CFSTR("public.utf8-plain-text"), &cf_data) == noErr)
+            {
+                g.ClipboardHandlerData.clear();
+                int length = (int)CFDataGetLength(cf_data);
+                g.ClipboardHandlerData.resize(length + 1);
+                CFDataGetBytes(cf_data, CFRangeMake(0, length), (UInt8*)g.ClipboardHandlerData.Data);
+                g.ClipboardHandlerData[length] = 0;
+                CFRelease(cf_data);
+                return g.ClipboardHandlerData.Data;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+#else
+
+// Local Dear ImGui-only clipboard implementation, if user hasn't defined better clipboard handlers.
+static const char* GetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void* user_data_ctx)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *(ImGuiContext*)user_data_ctx;
+    return g.ClipboardHandlerData.empty() ? NULL : g.ClipboardHandlerData.begin();
+}
+
+static void SetClipboardTextFn_DefaultImpl(void* user_data_ctx, const char* text)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *(ImGuiContext*)user_data_ctx;
+    g.ClipboardHandlerData.clear();
+    const char* text_end = text + strlen(text);
+    g.ClipboardHandlerData.resize((int)(text_end - text) + 1);
+    memcpy(&g.ClipboardHandlerData[0], text, (size_t)(text_end - text));
+    g.ClipboardHandlerData[(int)(text_end - text)] = 0;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+// Win32 API IME support (for Asian languages, etc.)
+#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS)
+
+#include <imm.h>
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma comment(lib, "imm32")
+#endif
+
+static void SetPlatformImeDataFn_DefaultImpl(ImGuiViewport* viewport, ImGuiPlatformImeData* data)
+{
+    // Notify OS Input Method Editor of text input position
+    HWND hwnd = (HWND)viewport->PlatformHandleRaw;
+    if (hwnd == 0)
+        return;
+
+    //::ImmAssociateContextEx(hwnd, NULL, data->WantVisible ? IACE_DEFAULT : 0);
+    if (HIMC himc = ::ImmGetContext(hwnd))
+    {
+        COMPOSITIONFORM composition_form = {};
+        composition_form.ptCurrentPos.x = (LONG)(data->InputPos.x - viewport->Pos.x);
+        composition_form.ptCurrentPos.y = (LONG)(data->InputPos.y - viewport->Pos.y);
+        composition_form.dwStyle = CFS_FORCE_POSITION;
+        ::ImmSetCompositionWindow(himc, &composition_form);
+        CANDIDATEFORM candidate_form = {};
+        candidate_form.dwStyle = CFS_CANDIDATEPOS;
+        candidate_form.ptCurrentPos.x = (LONG)(data->InputPos.x - viewport->Pos.x);
+        candidate_form.ptCurrentPos.y = (LONG)(data->InputPos.y - viewport->Pos.y);
+        ::ImmSetCandidateWindow(himc, &candidate_form);
+        ::ImmReleaseContext(hwnd, himc);
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+static void SetPlatformImeDataFn_DefaultImpl(ImGuiViewport*, ImGuiPlatformImeData*) {}
+
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] METRICS/DEBUGGER WINDOW
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - RenderViewportThumbnail() [Internal]
+// - RenderViewportsThumbnails() [Internal]
+// - DebugTextEncoding()
+// - MetricsHelpMarker() [Internal]
+// - ShowFontAtlas() [Internal]
+// - ShowMetricsWindow()
+// - DebugNodeColumns() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeDockNode() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeDrawList() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeDrawCmdShowMeshAndBoundingBox() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeFont() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeFontGlyph() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeStorage() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeTabBar() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeViewport() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeWindow() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeWindowSettings() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeWindowsList() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeWindowsListByBeginStackParent() [Internal]
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+
+void ImGui::DebugRenderViewportThumbnail(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImGuiViewportP* viewport, const ImRect& bb)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    ImVec2 scale = bb.GetSize() / viewport->Size;
+    ImVec2 off = bb.Min - viewport->Pos * scale;
+    float alpha_mul = (viewport->Flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized) ? 0.30f : 1.00f;
+    window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb.Min, bb.Max, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border, alpha_mul * 0.40f));
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Windows.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* thumb_window = g.Windows[i];
+        if (!thumb_window->WasActive || (thumb_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow))
+            continue;
+        if (thumb_window->Viewport != viewport)
+            continue;
+
+        ImRect thumb_r = thumb_window->Rect();
+        ImRect title_r = thumb_window->TitleBarRect();
+        thumb_r = ImRect(ImFloor(off + thumb_r.Min * scale), ImFloor(off +  thumb_r.Max * scale));
+        title_r = ImRect(ImFloor(off + title_r.Min * scale), ImFloor(off +  ImVec2(title_r.Max.x, title_r.Min.y) * scale) + ImVec2(0,5)); // Exaggerate title bar height
+        thumb_r.ClipWithFull(bb);
+        title_r.ClipWithFull(bb);
+        const bool window_is_focused = (g.NavWindow && thumb_window->RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight == g.NavWindow->RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight);
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(thumb_r.Min, thumb_r.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_WindowBg, alpha_mul));
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(title_r.Min, title_r.Max, GetColorU32(window_is_focused ? ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive : ImGuiCol_TitleBg, alpha_mul));
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(thumb_r.Min, thumb_r.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border, alpha_mul));
+        window->DrawList->AddText(g.Font, g.FontSize * 1.0f, title_r.Min, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text, alpha_mul), thumb_window->Name, FindRenderedTextEnd(thumb_window->Name));
+    }
+    draw_list->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border, alpha_mul));
+}
+
+static void RenderViewportsThumbnails()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    // We don't display full monitor bounds (we could, but it often looks awkward), instead we display just enough to cover all of our viewports.
+    float SCALE = 1.0f / 8.0f;
+    ImRect bb_full(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+        bb_full.Add(g.Viewports[n]->GetMainRect());
+    ImVec2 p = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    ImVec2 off = p - bb_full.Min * SCALE;
+    for (int n = 0; n < g.Viewports.Size; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[n];
+        ImRect viewport_draw_bb(off + (viewport->Pos) * SCALE, off + (viewport->Pos + viewport->Size) * SCALE);
+        ImGui::DebugRenderViewportThumbnail(window->DrawList, viewport, viewport_draw_bb);
+    }
+    ImGui::Dummy(bb_full.GetSize() * SCALE);
+}
+
+static int IMGUI_CDECL ViewportComparerByLastFocusedStampCount(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+{
+    const ImGuiViewportP* a = *(const ImGuiViewportP* const*)lhs;
+    const ImGuiViewportP* b = *(const ImGuiViewportP* const*)rhs;
+    return b->LastFocusedStampCount - a->LastFocusedStampCount;
+}
+
+// Draw an arbitrary US keyboard layout to visualize translated keys
+void ImGui::DebugRenderKeyboardPreview(ImDrawList* draw_list)
+{
+    const ImVec2 key_size = ImVec2(35.0f, 35.0f);
+    const float  key_rounding = 3.0f;
+    const ImVec2 key_face_size = ImVec2(25.0f, 25.0f);
+    const ImVec2 key_face_pos = ImVec2(5.0f, 3.0f);
+    const float  key_face_rounding = 2.0f;
+    const ImVec2 key_label_pos = ImVec2(7.0f, 4.0f);
+    const ImVec2 key_step = ImVec2(key_size.x - 1.0f, key_size.y - 1.0f);
+    const float  key_row_offset = 9.0f;
+
+    ImVec2 board_min = GetCursorScreenPos();
+    ImVec2 board_max = ImVec2(board_min.x + 3 * key_step.x + 2 * key_row_offset + 10.0f, board_min.y + 3 * key_step.y + 10.0f);
+    ImVec2 start_pos = ImVec2(board_min.x + 5.0f - key_step.x, board_min.y);
+
+    struct KeyLayoutData { int Row, Col; const char* Label; ImGuiKey Key; };
+    const KeyLayoutData keys_to_display[] =
+    {
+        { 0, 0, "", ImGuiKey_Tab },      { 0, 1, "Q", ImGuiKey_Q }, { 0, 2, "W", ImGuiKey_W }, { 0, 3, "E", ImGuiKey_E }, { 0, 4, "R", ImGuiKey_R },
+        { 1, 0, "", ImGuiKey_CapsLock }, { 1, 1, "A", ImGuiKey_A }, { 1, 2, "S", ImGuiKey_S }, { 1, 3, "D", ImGuiKey_D }, { 1, 4, "F", ImGuiKey_F },
+        { 2, 0, "", ImGuiKey_LeftShift },{ 2, 1, "Z", ImGuiKey_Z }, { 2, 2, "X", ImGuiKey_X }, { 2, 3, "C", ImGuiKey_C }, { 2, 4, "V", ImGuiKey_V }
+    };
+
+    // Elements rendered manually via ImDrawList API are not clipped automatically.
+    // While not strictly necessary, here IsItemVisible() is used to avoid rendering these shapes when they are out of view.
+    Dummy(board_max - board_min);
+    if (!IsItemVisible())
+        return;
+    draw_list->PushClipRect(board_min, board_max, true);
+    for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(keys_to_display); n++)
+    {
+        const KeyLayoutData* key_data = &keys_to_display[n];
+        ImVec2 key_min = ImVec2(start_pos.x + key_data->Col * key_step.x + key_data->Row * key_row_offset, start_pos.y + key_data->Row * key_step.y);
+        ImVec2 key_max = key_min + key_size;
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(key_min, key_max, IM_COL32(204, 204, 204, 255), key_rounding);
+        draw_list->AddRect(key_min, key_max, IM_COL32(24, 24, 24, 255), key_rounding);
+        ImVec2 face_min = ImVec2(key_min.x + key_face_pos.x, key_min.y + key_face_pos.y);
+        ImVec2 face_max = ImVec2(face_min.x + key_face_size.x, face_min.y + key_face_size.y);
+        draw_list->AddRect(face_min, face_max, IM_COL32(193, 193, 193, 255), key_face_rounding, ImDrawFlags_None, 2.0f);
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(face_min, face_max, IM_COL32(252, 252, 252, 255), key_face_rounding);
+        ImVec2 label_min = ImVec2(key_min.x + key_label_pos.x, key_min.y + key_label_pos.y);
+        draw_list->AddText(label_min, IM_COL32(64, 64, 64, 255), key_data->Label);
+        if (ImGui::IsKeyDown(key_data->Key))
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(key_min, key_max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 128), key_rounding);
+    }
+    draw_list->PopClipRect();
+}
+
+// Helper tool to diagnose between text encoding issues and font loading issues. Pass your UTF-8 string and verify that there are correct.
+void ImGui::DebugTextEncoding(const char* str)
+{
+    Text("Text: \"%s\"", str);
+    if (!BeginTable("list", 4, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit))
+        return;
+    TableSetupColumn("Offset");
+    TableSetupColumn("UTF-8");
+    TableSetupColumn("Glyph");
+    TableSetupColumn("Codepoint");
+    TableHeadersRow();
+    for (const char* p = str; *p != 0; )
+    {
+        unsigned int c;
+        const int c_utf8_len = ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, p, NULL);
+        TableNextColumn();
+        Text("%d", (int)(p - str));
+        TableNextColumn();
+        for (int byte_index = 0; byte_index < c_utf8_len; byte_index++)
+        {
+            if (byte_index > 0)
+                SameLine();
+            Text("0x%02X", (int)(unsigned char)p[byte_index]);
+        }
+        TableNextColumn();
+        if (GetFont()->FindGlyphNoFallback((ImWchar)c))
+            TextUnformatted(p, p + c_utf8_len);
+        else
+            TextUnformatted((c == IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID) ? "[invalid]" : "[missing]");
+        TableNextColumn();
+        Text("U+%04X", (int)c);
+        p += c_utf8_len;
+    }
+    EndTable();
+}
+
+// Avoid naming collision with imgui_demo.cpp's HelpMarker() for unity builds.
+static void MetricsHelpMarker(const char* desc)
+{
+    ImGui::TextDisabled("(?)");
+    if (ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayShort) && ImGui::BeginTooltip())
+    {
+        ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 35.0f);
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(desc);
+        ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+        ImGui::EndTooltip();
+    }
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] List fonts in a font atlas and display its texture
+void ImGui::ShowFontAtlas(ImFontAtlas* atlas)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < atlas->Fonts.Size; i++)
+    {
+        ImFont* font = atlas->Fonts[i];
+        PushID(font);
+        DebugNodeFont(font);
+        PopID();
+    }
+    if (TreeNode("Font Atlas", "Font Atlas (%dx%d pixels)", atlas->TexWidth, atlas->TexHeight))
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        ImGuiMetricsConfig* cfg = &g.DebugMetricsConfig;
+        Checkbox("Tint with Text Color", &cfg->ShowAtlasTintedWithTextColor); // Using text color ensure visibility of core atlas data, but will alter custom colored icons
+        ImVec4 tint_col = cfg->ShowAtlasTintedWithTextColor ? GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_Text) : ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImVec4 border_col = GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_Border);
+        Image(atlas->TexID, ImVec2((float)atlas->TexWidth, (float)atlas->TexHeight), ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), ImVec2(1.0f, 1.0f), tint_col, border_col);
+        TreePop();
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::ShowMetricsWindow(bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+    ImGuiMetricsConfig* cfg = &g.DebugMetricsConfig;
+    if (cfg->ShowDebugLog)
+        ShowDebugLogWindow(&cfg->ShowDebugLog);
+    if (cfg->ShowStackTool)
+        ShowStackToolWindow(&cfg->ShowStackTool);
+
+    if (!Begin("Dear ImGui Metrics/Debugger", p_open) || GetCurrentWindow()->BeginCount > 1)
+    {
+        End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Basic info
+    Text("Dear ImGui %s", GetVersion());
+    Text("Application average %.3f ms/frame (%.1f FPS)", 1000.0f / io.Framerate, io.Framerate);
+    Text("%d vertices, %d indices (%d triangles)", io.MetricsRenderVertices, io.MetricsRenderIndices, io.MetricsRenderIndices / 3);
+    Text("%d visible windows, %d active allocations", io.MetricsRenderWindows, io.MetricsActiveAllocations);
+    //SameLine(); if (SmallButton("GC")) { g.GcCompactAll = true; }
+
+    Separator();
+
+    // Debugging enums
+    enum { WRT_OuterRect, WRT_OuterRectClipped, WRT_InnerRect, WRT_InnerClipRect, WRT_WorkRect, WRT_Content, WRT_ContentIdeal, WRT_ContentRegionRect, WRT_Count }; // Windows Rect Type
+    const char* wrt_rects_names[WRT_Count] = { "OuterRect", "OuterRectClipped", "InnerRect", "InnerClipRect", "WorkRect", "Content", "ContentIdeal", "ContentRegionRect" };
+    enum { TRT_OuterRect, TRT_InnerRect, TRT_WorkRect, TRT_HostClipRect, TRT_InnerClipRect, TRT_BackgroundClipRect, TRT_ColumnsRect, TRT_ColumnsWorkRect, TRT_ColumnsClipRect, TRT_ColumnsContentHeadersUsed, TRT_ColumnsContentHeadersIdeal, TRT_ColumnsContentFrozen, TRT_ColumnsContentUnfrozen, TRT_Count }; // Tables Rect Type
+    const char* trt_rects_names[TRT_Count] = { "OuterRect", "InnerRect", "WorkRect", "HostClipRect", "InnerClipRect", "BackgroundClipRect", "ColumnsRect", "ColumnsWorkRect", "ColumnsClipRect", "ColumnsContentHeadersUsed", "ColumnsContentHeadersIdeal", "ColumnsContentFrozen", "ColumnsContentUnfrozen" };
+    if (cfg->ShowWindowsRectsType < 0)
+        cfg->ShowWindowsRectsType = WRT_WorkRect;
+    if (cfg->ShowTablesRectsType < 0)
+        cfg->ShowTablesRectsType = TRT_WorkRect;
+
+    struct Funcs
+    {
+        static ImRect GetTableRect(ImGuiTable* table, int rect_type, int n)
+        {
+            ImGuiTableInstanceData* table_instance = TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent); // Always using last submitted instance
+            if (rect_type == TRT_OuterRect)                     { return table->OuterRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_InnerRect)                { return table->InnerRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_WorkRect)                 { return table->WorkRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_HostClipRect)             { return table->HostClipRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_InnerClipRect)            { return table->InnerClipRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_BackgroundClipRect)       { return table->BgClipRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_ColumnsRect)              { ImGuiTableColumn* c = &table->Columns[n]; return ImRect(c->MinX, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y, c->MaxX, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y + table_instance->LastOuterHeight); }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_ColumnsWorkRect)          { ImGuiTableColumn* c = &table->Columns[n]; return ImRect(c->WorkMinX, table->WorkRect.Min.y, c->WorkMaxX, table->WorkRect.Max.y); }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_ColumnsClipRect)          { ImGuiTableColumn* c = &table->Columns[n]; return c->ClipRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_ColumnsContentHeadersUsed){ ImGuiTableColumn* c = &table->Columns[n]; return ImRect(c->WorkMinX, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y, c->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y + table_instance->LastFirstRowHeight); } // Note: y1/y2 not always accurate
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_ColumnsContentHeadersIdeal){ImGuiTableColumn* c = &table->Columns[n]; return ImRect(c->WorkMinX, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y, c->ContentMaxXHeadersIdeal, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y + table_instance->LastFirstRowHeight); }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_ColumnsContentFrozen)     { ImGuiTableColumn* c = &table->Columns[n]; return ImRect(c->WorkMinX, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y, c->ContentMaxXFrozen, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y + table_instance->LastFrozenHeight); }
+            else if (rect_type == TRT_ColumnsContentUnfrozen)   { ImGuiTableColumn* c = &table->Columns[n]; return ImRect(c->WorkMinX, table->InnerClipRect.Min.y + table_instance->LastFrozenHeight, c->ContentMaxXUnfrozen, table->InnerClipRect.Max.y); }
+            IM_ASSERT(0);
+            return ImRect();
+        }
+
+        static ImRect GetWindowRect(ImGuiWindow* window, int rect_type)
+        {
+            if (rect_type == WRT_OuterRect)                 { return window->Rect(); }
+            else if (rect_type == WRT_OuterRectClipped)     { return window->OuterRectClipped; }
+            else if (rect_type == WRT_InnerRect)            { return window->InnerRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == WRT_InnerClipRect)        { return window->InnerClipRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == WRT_WorkRect)             { return window->WorkRect; }
+            else if (rect_type == WRT_Content)       { ImVec2 min = window->InnerRect.Min - window->Scroll + window->WindowPadding; return ImRect(min, min + window->ContentSize); }
+            else if (rect_type == WRT_ContentIdeal)         { ImVec2 min = window->InnerRect.Min - window->Scroll + window->WindowPadding; return ImRect(min, min + window->ContentSizeIdeal); }
+            else if (rect_type == WRT_ContentRegionRect)    { return window->ContentRegionRect; }
+            IM_ASSERT(0);
+            return ImRect();
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Tools
+    if (TreeNode("Tools"))
+    {
+        bool show_encoding_viewer = TreeNode("UTF-8 Encoding viewer");
+        SameLine();
+        MetricsHelpMarker("You can also call ImGui::DebugTextEncoding() from your code with a given string to test that your UTF-8 encoding settings are correct.");
+        if (show_encoding_viewer)
+        {
+            static char buf[100] = "";
+            SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN);
+            InputText("##Text", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            if (buf[0] != 0)
+                DebugTextEncoding(buf);
+            TreePop();
+        }
+
+        // The Item Picker tool is super useful to visually select an item and break into the call-stack of where it was submitted.
+        if (Checkbox("Show Item Picker", &g.DebugItemPickerActive) && g.DebugItemPickerActive)
+            DebugStartItemPicker();
+        SameLine();
+        MetricsHelpMarker("Will call the IM_DEBUG_BREAK() macro to break in debugger.\nWarning: If you don't have a debugger attached, this will probably crash.");
+
+        // Stack Tool is your best friend!
+        Checkbox("Show Debug Log", &cfg->ShowDebugLog);
+        SameLine();
+        MetricsHelpMarker("You can also call ImGui::ShowDebugLogWindow() from your code.");
+
+        // Stack Tool is your best friend!
+        Checkbox("Show Stack Tool", &cfg->ShowStackTool);
+        SameLine();
+        MetricsHelpMarker("You can also call ImGui::ShowStackToolWindow() from your code.");
+
+        Checkbox("Show windows begin order", &cfg->ShowWindowsBeginOrder);
+        Checkbox("Show windows rectangles", &cfg->ShowWindowsRects);
+        SameLine();
+        SetNextItemWidth(GetFontSize() * 12);
+        cfg->ShowWindowsRects |= Combo("##show_windows_rect_type", &cfg->ShowWindowsRectsType, wrt_rects_names, WRT_Count, WRT_Count);
+        if (cfg->ShowWindowsRects && g.NavWindow != NULL)
+        {
+            BulletText("'%s':", g.NavWindow->Name);
+            Indent();
+            for (int rect_n = 0; rect_n < WRT_Count; rect_n++)
+            {
+                ImRect r = Funcs::GetWindowRect(g.NavWindow, rect_n);
+                Text("(%6.1f,%6.1f) (%6.1f,%6.1f) Size (%6.1f,%6.1f) %s", r.Min.x, r.Min.y, r.Max.x, r.Max.y, r.GetWidth(), r.GetHeight(), wrt_rects_names[rect_n]);
+            }
+            Unindent();
+        }
+
+        Checkbox("Show tables rectangles", &cfg->ShowTablesRects);
+        SameLine();
+        SetNextItemWidth(GetFontSize() * 12);
+        cfg->ShowTablesRects |= Combo("##show_table_rects_type", &cfg->ShowTablesRectsType, trt_rects_names, TRT_Count, TRT_Count);
+        if (cfg->ShowTablesRects && g.NavWindow != NULL)
+        {
+            for (int table_n = 0; table_n < g.Tables.GetMapSize(); table_n++)
+            {
+                ImGuiTable* table = g.Tables.TryGetMapData(table_n);
+                if (table == NULL || table->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount - 1 || (table->OuterWindow != g.NavWindow && table->InnerWindow != g.NavWindow))
+                    continue;
+
+                BulletText("Table 0x%08X (%d columns, in '%s')", table->ID, table->ColumnsCount, table->OuterWindow->Name);
+                if (IsItemHovered())
+                    GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(table->OuterRect.Min - ImVec2(1, 1), table->OuterRect.Max + ImVec2(1, 1), IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), 0.0f, 0, 2.0f);
+                Indent();
+                char buf[128];
+                for (int rect_n = 0; rect_n < TRT_Count; rect_n++)
+                {
+                    if (rect_n >= TRT_ColumnsRect)
+                    {
+                        if (rect_n != TRT_ColumnsRect && rect_n != TRT_ColumnsClipRect)
+                            continue;
+                        for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+                        {
+                            ImRect r = Funcs::GetTableRect(table, rect_n, column_n);
+                            ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "(%6.1f,%6.1f) (%6.1f,%6.1f) Size (%6.1f,%6.1f) Col %d %s", r.Min.x, r.Min.y, r.Max.x, r.Max.y, r.GetWidth(), r.GetHeight(), column_n, trt_rects_names[rect_n]);
+                            Selectable(buf);
+                            if (IsItemHovered())
+                                GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(r.Min - ImVec2(1, 1), r.Max + ImVec2(1, 1), IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), 0.0f, 0, 2.0f);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ImRect r = Funcs::GetTableRect(table, rect_n, -1);
+                        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "(%6.1f,%6.1f) (%6.1f,%6.1f) Size (%6.1f,%6.1f) %s", r.Min.x, r.Min.y, r.Max.x, r.Max.y, r.GetWidth(), r.GetHeight(), trt_rects_names[rect_n]);
+                        Selectable(buf);
+                        if (IsItemHovered())
+                            GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(r.Min - ImVec2(1, 1), r.Max + ImVec2(1, 1), IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), 0.0f, 0, 2.0f);
+                    }
+                }
+                Unindent();
+            }
+        }
+
+        Checkbox("Debug Begin/BeginChild return value", &io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueLoop);
+        SameLine();
+        MetricsHelpMarker("Some calls to Begin()/BeginChild() will return false.\n\nWill cycle through window depths then repeat. Windows should be flickering while running.");
+
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Windows
+    if (TreeNode("Windows", "Windows (%d)", g.Windows.Size))
+    {
+        //SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+        DebugNodeWindowsList(&g.Windows, "By display order");
+        DebugNodeWindowsList(&g.WindowsFocusOrder, "By focus order (root windows)");
+        if (TreeNode("By submission order (begin stack)"))
+        {
+            // Here we display windows in their submitted order/hierarchy, however note that the Begin stack doesn't constitute a Parent<>Child relationship!
+            ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>& temp_buffer = g.WindowsTempSortBuffer;
+            temp_buffer.resize(0);
+            for (int i = 0; i < g.Windows.Size; i++)
+                if (g.Windows[i]->LastFrameActive + 1 >= g.FrameCount)
+                    temp_buffer.push_back(g.Windows[i]);
+            struct Func { static int IMGUI_CDECL WindowComparerByBeginOrder(const void* lhs, const void* rhs) { return ((int)(*(const ImGuiWindow* const *)lhs)->BeginOrderWithinContext - (*(const ImGuiWindow* const*)rhs)->BeginOrderWithinContext); } };
+            ImQsort(temp_buffer.Data, (size_t)temp_buffer.Size, sizeof(ImGuiWindow*), Func::WindowComparerByBeginOrder);
+            DebugNodeWindowsListByBeginStackParent(temp_buffer.Data, temp_buffer.Size, NULL);
+            TreePop();
+        }
+
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // DrawLists
+    int drawlist_count = 0;
+    for (int viewport_i = 0; viewport_i < g.Viewports.Size; viewport_i++)
+        drawlist_count += g.Viewports[viewport_i]->DrawDataBuilder.GetDrawListCount();
+    if (TreeNode("DrawLists", "DrawLists (%d)", drawlist_count))
+    {
+        Checkbox("Show ImDrawCmd mesh when hovering", &cfg->ShowDrawCmdMesh);
+        Checkbox("Show ImDrawCmd bounding boxes when hovering", &cfg->ShowDrawCmdBoundingBoxes);
+        for (int viewport_i = 0; viewport_i < g.Viewports.Size; viewport_i++)
+        {
+            ImGuiViewportP* viewport = g.Viewports[viewport_i];
+            bool viewport_has_drawlist = false;
+            for (int layer_i = 0; layer_i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers); layer_i++)
+                for (int draw_list_i = 0; draw_list_i < viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[layer_i].Size; draw_list_i++)
+                {
+                    if (!viewport_has_drawlist)
+                        Text("Active DrawLists in Viewport #%d, ID: 0x%08X", viewport->Idx, viewport->ID);
+                    viewport_has_drawlist = true;
+                    DebugNodeDrawList(NULL, viewport, viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[layer_i][draw_list_i], "DrawList");
+                }
+        }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Viewports
+    if (TreeNode("Viewports", "Viewports (%d)", g.Viewports.Size))
+    {
+        Indent(GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing());
+        RenderViewportsThumbnails();
+        Unindent(GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing());
+
+        bool open = TreeNode("Monitors", "Monitors (%d)", g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size);
+        SameLine();
+        MetricsHelpMarker("Dear ImGui uses monitor data:\n- to query DPI settings on a per monitor basis\n- to position popup/tooltips so they don't straddle monitors.");
+        if (open)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < g.PlatformIO.Monitors.Size; i++)
+            {
+                const ImGuiPlatformMonitor& mon = g.PlatformIO.Monitors[i];
+                BulletText("Monitor #%d: DPI %.0f%%\n MainMin (%.0f,%.0f), MainMax (%.0f,%.0f), MainSize (%.0f,%.0f)\n WorkMin (%.0f,%.0f), WorkMax (%.0f,%.0f), WorkSize (%.0f,%.0f)",
+                    i, mon.DpiScale * 100.0f,
+                    mon.MainPos.x, mon.MainPos.y, mon.MainPos.x + mon.MainSize.x, mon.MainPos.y + mon.MainSize.y, mon.MainSize.x, mon.MainSize.y,
+                    mon.WorkPos.x, mon.WorkPos.y, mon.WorkPos.x + mon.WorkSize.x, mon.WorkPos.y + mon.WorkSize.y, mon.WorkSize.x, mon.WorkSize.y);
+            }
+            TreePop();
+        }
+
+        BulletText("MouseViewport: 0x%08X (UserHovered 0x%08X, LastHovered 0x%08X)", g.MouseViewport ? g.MouseViewport->ID : 0, g.IO.MouseHoveredViewport, g.MouseLastHoveredViewport ? g.MouseLastHoveredViewport->ID : 0);
+        if (TreeNode("Inferred Z order (front-to-back)"))
+        {
+            static ImVector<ImGuiViewportP*> viewports;
+            viewports.resize(g.Viewports.Size);
+            memcpy(viewports.Data, g.Viewports.Data, g.Viewports.size_in_bytes());
+            if (viewports.Size > 1)
+                ImQsort(viewports.Data, viewports.Size, sizeof(ImGuiViewport*), ViewportComparerByLastFocusedStampCount);
+            for (ImGuiViewportP* viewport : viewports)
+                BulletText("Viewport #%d, ID: 0x%08X, LastFocused = %08d, PlatformFocused = %s, Window: \"%s\"",
+                    viewport->Idx, viewport->ID, viewport->LastFocusedStampCount,
+                    (g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowFocus && viewport->PlatformWindowCreated) ? (g.PlatformIO.Platform_GetWindowFocus(viewport) ? "1" : "0") : "N/A",
+                    viewport->Window ? viewport->Window->Name : "N/A");
+            TreePop();
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < g.Viewports.Size; i++)
+            DebugNodeViewport(g.Viewports[i]);
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Details for Popups
+    if (TreeNode("Popups", "Popups (%d)", g.OpenPopupStack.Size))
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < g.OpenPopupStack.Size; i++)
+        {
+            // As it's difficult to interact with tree nodes while popups are open, we display everything inline.
+            const ImGuiPopupData* popup_data = &g.OpenPopupStack[i];
+            ImGuiWindow* window = popup_data->Window;
+            BulletText("PopupID: %08x, Window: '%s' (%s%s), BackupNavWindow '%s', ParentWindow '%s'",
+                popup_data->PopupId, window ? window->Name : "NULL", window && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) ? "Child;" : "", window && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu) ? "Menu;" : "",
+                popup_data->BackupNavWindow ? popup_data->BackupNavWindow->Name : "NULL", window && window->ParentWindow ? window->ParentWindow->Name : "NULL");
+        }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Details for TabBars
+    if (TreeNode("TabBars", "Tab Bars (%d)", g.TabBars.GetAliveCount()))
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; n < g.TabBars.GetMapSize(); n++)
+            if (ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = g.TabBars.TryGetMapData(n))
+            {
+                PushID(tab_bar);
+                DebugNodeTabBar(tab_bar, "TabBar");
+                PopID();
+            }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Details for Tables
+    if (TreeNode("Tables", "Tables (%d)", g.Tables.GetAliveCount()))
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; n < g.Tables.GetMapSize(); n++)
+            if (ImGuiTable* table = g.Tables.TryGetMapData(n))
+                DebugNodeTable(table);
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Details for Fonts
+    ImFontAtlas* atlas = g.IO.Fonts;
+    if (TreeNode("Fonts", "Fonts (%d)", atlas->Fonts.Size))
+    {
+        ShowFontAtlas(atlas);
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Details for InputText
+    if (TreeNode("InputText"))
+    {
+        DebugNodeInputTextState(&g.InputTextState);
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Details for Docking
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+    if (TreeNode("Docking"))
+    {
+        static bool root_nodes_only = true;
+        ImGuiDockContext* dc = &g.DockContext;
+        Checkbox("List root nodes", &root_nodes_only);
+        Checkbox("Ctrl shows window dock info", &cfg->ShowDockingNodes);
+        if (SmallButton("Clear nodes")) { DockContextClearNodes(&g, 0, true); }
+        SameLine();
+        if (SmallButton("Rebuild all")) { dc->WantFullRebuild = true; }
+        for (int n = 0; n < dc->Nodes.Data.Size; n++)
+            if (ImGuiDockNode* node = (ImGuiDockNode*)dc->Nodes.Data[n].val_p)
+                if (!root_nodes_only || node->IsRootNode())
+                    DebugNodeDockNode(node, "Node");
+        TreePop();
+    }
+#endif // #ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+
+    // Settings
+    if (TreeNode("Settings"))
+    {
+        if (SmallButton("Clear"))
+            ClearIniSettings();
+        SameLine();
+        if (SmallButton("Save to memory"))
+            SaveIniSettingsToMemory();
+        SameLine();
+        if (SmallButton("Save to disk"))
+            SaveIniSettingsToDisk(g.IO.IniFilename);
+        SameLine();
+        if (g.IO.IniFilename)
+            Text("\"%s\"", g.IO.IniFilename);
+        else
+            TextUnformatted("<NULL>");
+        Text("SettingsDirtyTimer %.2f", g.SettingsDirtyTimer);
+        if (TreeNode("SettingsHandlers", "Settings handlers: (%d)", g.SettingsHandlers.Size))
+        {
+            for (int n = 0; n < g.SettingsHandlers.Size; n++)
+                BulletText("%s", g.SettingsHandlers[n].TypeName);
+            TreePop();
+        }
+        if (TreeNode("SettingsWindows", "Settings packed data: Windows: %d bytes", g.SettingsWindows.size()))
+        {
+            for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+                DebugNodeWindowSettings(settings);
+            TreePop();
+        }
+
+        if (TreeNode("SettingsTables", "Settings packed data: Tables: %d bytes", g.SettingsTables.size()))
+        {
+            for (ImGuiTableSettings* settings = g.SettingsTables.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsTables.next_chunk(settings))
+                DebugNodeTableSettings(settings);
+            TreePop();
+        }
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+        if (TreeNode("SettingsDocking", "Settings packed data: Docking"))
+        {
+            ImGuiDockContext* dc = &g.DockContext;
+            Text("In SettingsWindows:");
+            for (ImGuiWindowSettings* settings = g.SettingsWindows.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsWindows.next_chunk(settings))
+                if (settings->DockId != 0)
+                    BulletText("Window '%s' -> DockId %08X", settings->GetName(), settings->DockId);
+            Text("In SettingsNodes:");
+            for (int n = 0; n < dc->NodesSettings.Size; n++)
+            {
+                ImGuiDockNodeSettings* settings = &dc->NodesSettings[n];
+                const char* selected_tab_name = NULL;
+                if (settings->SelectedTabId)
+                {
+                    if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByID(settings->SelectedTabId))
+                        selected_tab_name = window->Name;
+                    else if (ImGuiWindowSettings* window_settings = FindWindowSettingsByID(settings->SelectedTabId))
+                        selected_tab_name = window_settings->GetName();
+                }
+                BulletText("Node %08X, Parent %08X, SelectedTab %08X ('%s')", settings->ID, settings->ParentNodeId, settings->SelectedTabId, selected_tab_name ? selected_tab_name : settings->SelectedTabId ? "N/A" : "");
+            }
+            TreePop();
+        }
+#endif // #ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+
+        if (TreeNode("SettingsIniData", "Settings unpacked data (.ini): %d bytes", g.SettingsIniData.size()))
+        {
+            InputTextMultiline("##Ini", (char*)(void*)g.SettingsIniData.c_str(), g.SettingsIniData.Buf.Size, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, GetTextLineHeight() * 20), ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly);
+            TreePop();
+        }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (TreeNode("Inputs"))
+    {
+        Text("KEYBOARD/GAMEPAD/MOUSE KEYS");
+        {
+            // We iterate both legacy native range and named ImGuiKey ranges, which is a little odd but this allows displaying the data for old/new backends.
+            // User code should never have to go through such hoops! You can generally iterate between ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN and ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END.
+            Indent();
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+            struct funcs { static bool IsLegacyNativeDupe(ImGuiKey) { return false; } };
+#else
+            struct funcs { static bool IsLegacyNativeDupe(ImGuiKey key) { return key < 512 && GetIO().KeyMap[key] != -1; } }; // Hide Native<>ImGuiKey duplicates when both exists in the array
+            //Text("Legacy raw:");      for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET; key < ImGuiKey_COUNT; key++) { if (io.KeysDown[key]) { SameLine(); Text("\"%s\" %d", GetKeyName(key), key); } }
+#endif
+            Text("Keys down:");         for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET; key < ImGuiKey_COUNT; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1)) { if (funcs::IsLegacyNativeDupe(key) || !IsKeyDown(key)) continue;     SameLine(); Text(IsNamedKey(key) ? "\"%s\"" : "\"%s\" %d", GetKeyName(key), key); SameLine(); Text("(%.02f)", GetKeyData(key)->DownDuration); }
+            Text("Keys pressed:");      for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET; key < ImGuiKey_COUNT; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1)) { if (funcs::IsLegacyNativeDupe(key) || !IsKeyPressed(key)) continue;  SameLine(); Text(IsNamedKey(key) ? "\"%s\"" : "\"%s\" %d", GetKeyName(key), key); }
+            Text("Keys released:");     for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET; key < ImGuiKey_COUNT; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1)) { if (funcs::IsLegacyNativeDupe(key) || !IsKeyReleased(key)) continue; SameLine(); Text(IsNamedKey(key) ? "\"%s\"" : "\"%s\" %d", GetKeyName(key), key); }
+            Text("Keys mods: %s%s%s%s", io.KeyCtrl ? "CTRL " : "", io.KeyShift ? "SHIFT " : "", io.KeyAlt ? "ALT " : "", io.KeySuper ? "SUPER " : "");
+            Text("Chars queue:");       for (int i = 0; i < io.InputQueueCharacters.Size; i++) { ImWchar c = io.InputQueueCharacters[i]; SameLine(); Text("\'%c\' (0x%04X)", (c > ' ' && c <= 255) ? (char)c : '?', c); } // FIXME: We should convert 'c' to UTF-8 here but the functions are not public.
+            DebugRenderKeyboardPreview(GetWindowDrawList());
+            Unindent();
+        }
+
+        Text("MOUSE STATE");
+        {
+            Indent();
+            if (IsMousePosValid())
+                Text("Mouse pos: (%g, %g)", io.MousePos.x, io.MousePos.y);
+            else
+                Text("Mouse pos: <INVALID>");
+            Text("Mouse delta: (%g, %g)", io.MouseDelta.x, io.MouseDelta.y);
+            int count = IM_ARRAYSIZE(io.MouseDown);
+            Text("Mouse down:");     for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) if (IsMouseDown(i)) { SameLine(); Text("b%d (%.02f secs)", i, io.MouseDownDuration[i]); }
+            Text("Mouse clicked:");  for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) if (IsMouseClicked(i)) { SameLine(); Text("b%d (%d)", i, io.MouseClickedCount[i]); }
+            Text("Mouse released:"); for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) if (IsMouseReleased(i)) { SameLine(); Text("b%d", i); }
+            Text("Mouse wheel: %.1f", io.MouseWheel);
+            Text("Mouse source: %s", GetMouseSourceName(io.MouseSource));
+            Text("Pen Pressure: %.1f", io.PenPressure); // Note: currently unused
+            Unindent();
+        }
+
+        Text("MOUSE WHEELING");
+        {
+            Indent();
+            Text("WheelingWindow: '%s'", g.WheelingWindow ? g.WheelingWindow->Name : "NULL");
+            Text("WheelingWindowReleaseTimer: %.2f", g.WheelingWindowReleaseTimer);
+            Text("WheelingAxisAvg[] = { %.3f, %.3f }, Main Axis: %s", g.WheelingAxisAvg.x, g.WheelingAxisAvg.y, (g.WheelingAxisAvg.x > g.WheelingAxisAvg.y) ? "X" : (g.WheelingAxisAvg.x < g.WheelingAxisAvg.y) ? "Y" : "<none>");
+            Unindent();
+        }
+
+        Text("KEY OWNERS");
+        {
+            Indent();
+            if (BeginListBox("##owners", ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * 6)))
+            {
+                for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN; key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1))
+                {
+                    ImGuiKeyOwnerData* owner_data = GetKeyOwnerData(&g, key);
+                    if (owner_data->OwnerCurr == ImGuiKeyOwner_None)
+                        continue;
+                    Text("%s: 0x%08X%s", GetKeyName(key), owner_data->OwnerCurr,
+                        owner_data->LockUntilRelease ? " LockUntilRelease" : owner_data->LockThisFrame ? " LockThisFrame" : "");
+                    DebugLocateItemOnHover(owner_data->OwnerCurr);
+                }
+                EndListBox();
+            }
+            Unindent();
+        }
+        Text("SHORTCUT ROUTING");
+        {
+            Indent();
+            if (BeginListBox("##routes", ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * 6)))
+            {
+                for (ImGuiKey key = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN; key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1))
+                {
+                    ImGuiKeyRoutingTable* rt = &g.KeysRoutingTable;
+                    for (ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex idx = rt->Index[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN]; idx != -1; )
+                    {
+                        char key_chord_name[64];
+                        ImGuiKeyRoutingData* routing_data = &rt->Entries[idx];
+                        GetKeyChordName(key | routing_data->Mods, key_chord_name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(key_chord_name));
+                        Text("%s: 0x%08X", key_chord_name, routing_data->RoutingCurr);
+                        DebugLocateItemOnHover(routing_data->RoutingCurr);
+                        idx = routing_data->NextEntryIndex;
+                    }
+                }
+                EndListBox();
+            }
+            Text("(ActiveIdUsing: AllKeyboardKeys: %d, NavDirMask: 0x%X)", g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys, g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask);
+            Unindent();
+        }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (TreeNode("Internal state"))
+    {
+        Text("WINDOWING");
+        Indent();
+        Text("HoveredWindow: '%s'", g.HoveredWindow ? g.HoveredWindow->Name : "NULL");
+        Text("HoveredWindow->Root: '%s'", g.HoveredWindow ? g.HoveredWindow->RootWindowDockTree->Name : "NULL");
+        Text("HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow: '%s'", g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow ? g.HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow->Name : "NULL");
+        Text("HoveredDockNode: 0x%08X", g.DebugHoveredDockNode ? g.DebugHoveredDockNode->ID : 0);
+        Text("MovingWindow: '%s'", g.MovingWindow ? g.MovingWindow->Name : "NULL");
+        Text("MouseViewport: 0x%08X (UserHovered 0x%08X, LastHovered 0x%08X)", g.MouseViewport->ID, g.IO.MouseHoveredViewport, g.MouseLastHoveredViewport ? g.MouseLastHoveredViewport->ID : 0);
+        Unindent();
+
+        Text("ITEMS");
+        Indent();
+        Text("ActiveId: 0x%08X/0x%08X (%.2f sec), AllowOverlap: %d, Source: %s", g.ActiveId, g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame, g.ActiveIdTimer, g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap, GetInputSourceName(g.ActiveIdSource));
+        DebugLocateItemOnHover(g.ActiveId);
+        Text("ActiveIdWindow: '%s'", g.ActiveIdWindow ? g.ActiveIdWindow->Name : "NULL");
+        Text("ActiveIdUsing: AllKeyboardKeys: %d, NavDirMask: %X", g.ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys, g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask);
+        Text("HoveredId: 0x%08X (%.2f sec), AllowOverlap: %d", g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame, g.HoveredIdTimer, g.HoveredIdAllowOverlap); // Not displaying g.HoveredId as it is update mid-frame
+        Text("HoverDelayId: 0x%08X, Timer: %.2f, ClearTimer: %.2f", g.HoverDelayId, g.HoverDelayTimer, g.HoverDelayClearTimer);
+        Text("DragDrop: %d, SourceId = 0x%08X, Payload \"%s\" (%d bytes)", g.DragDropActive, g.DragDropPayload.SourceId, g.DragDropPayload.DataType, g.DragDropPayload.DataSize);
+        DebugLocateItemOnHover(g.DragDropPayload.SourceId);
+        Unindent();
+
+        Text("NAV,FOCUS");
+        Indent();
+        Text("NavWindow: '%s'", g.NavWindow ? g.NavWindow->Name : "NULL");
+        Text("NavId: 0x%08X, NavLayer: %d", g.NavId, g.NavLayer);
+        DebugLocateItemOnHover(g.NavId);
+        Text("NavInputSource: %s", GetInputSourceName(g.NavInputSource));
+        Text("NavActive: %d, NavVisible: %d", g.IO.NavActive, g.IO.NavVisible);
+        Text("NavActivateId/DownId/PressedId: %08X/%08X/%08X", g.NavActivateId, g.NavActivateDownId, g.NavActivatePressedId);
+        Text("NavActivateFlags: %04X", g.NavActivateFlags);
+        Text("NavDisableHighlight: %d, NavDisableMouseHover: %d", g.NavDisableHighlight, g.NavDisableMouseHover);
+        Text("NavFocusScopeId = 0x%08X", g.NavFocusScopeId);
+        Text("NavWindowingTarget: '%s'", g.NavWindowingTarget ? g.NavWindowingTarget->Name : "NULL");
+        Unindent();
+
+        TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Overlay: Display windows Rectangles and Begin Order
+    if (cfg->ShowWindowsRects || cfg->ShowWindowsBeginOrder)
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; n < g.Windows.Size; n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiWindow* window = g.Windows[n];
+            if (!window->WasActive)
+                continue;
+            ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(window);
+            if (cfg->ShowWindowsRects)
+            {
+                ImRect r = Funcs::GetWindowRect(window, cfg->ShowWindowsRectsType);
+                draw_list->AddRect(r.Min, r.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 128, 255));
+            }
+            if (cfg->ShowWindowsBeginOrder && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow))
+            {
+                char buf[32];
+                ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "%d", window->BeginOrderWithinContext);
+                float font_size = GetFontSize();
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(window->Pos, window->Pos + ImVec2(font_size, font_size), IM_COL32(200, 100, 100, 255));
+                draw_list->AddText(window->Pos, IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 255), buf);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Overlay: Display Tables Rectangles
+    if (cfg->ShowTablesRects)
+    {
+        for (int table_n = 0; table_n < g.Tables.GetMapSize(); table_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTable* table = g.Tables.TryGetMapData(table_n);
+            if (table == NULL || table->LastFrameActive < g.FrameCount - 1)
+                continue;
+            ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(table->OuterWindow);
+            if (cfg->ShowTablesRectsType >= TRT_ColumnsRect)
+            {
+                for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+                {
+                    ImRect r = Funcs::GetTableRect(table, cfg->ShowTablesRectsType, column_n);
+                    ImU32 col = (table->HoveredColumnBody == column_n) ? IM_COL32(255, 255, 128, 255) : IM_COL32(255, 0, 128, 255);
+                    float thickness = (table->HoveredColumnBody == column_n) ? 3.0f : 1.0f;
+                    draw_list->AddRect(r.Min, r.Max, col, 0.0f, 0, thickness);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                ImRect r = Funcs::GetTableRect(table, cfg->ShowTablesRectsType, -1);
+                draw_list->AddRect(r.Min, r.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 128, 255));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+    // Overlay: Display Docking info
+    if (cfg->ShowDockingNodes && g.IO.KeyCtrl && g.DebugHoveredDockNode)
+    {
+        char buf[64] = "";
+        char* p = buf;
+        ImGuiDockNode* node = g.DebugHoveredDockNode;
+        ImDrawList* overlay_draw_list = node->HostWindow ? GetForegroundDrawList(node->HostWindow) : GetForegroundDrawList(GetMainViewport());
+        p += ImFormatString(p, buf + IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf) - p, "DockId: %X%s\n", node->ID, node->IsCentralNode() ? " *CentralNode*" : "");
+        p += ImFormatString(p, buf + IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf) - p, "WindowClass: %08X\n", node->WindowClass.ClassId);
+        p += ImFormatString(p, buf + IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf) - p, "Size: (%.0f, %.0f)\n", node->Size.x, node->Size.y);
+        p += ImFormatString(p, buf + IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf) - p, "SizeRef: (%.0f, %.0f)\n", node->SizeRef.x, node->SizeRef.y);
+        int depth = DockNodeGetDepth(node);
+        overlay_draw_list->AddRect(node->Pos + ImVec2(3, 3) * (float)depth, node->Pos + node->Size - ImVec2(3, 3) * (float)depth, IM_COL32(200, 100, 100, 255));
+        ImVec2 pos = node->Pos + ImVec2(3, 3) * (float)depth;
+        overlay_draw_list->AddRectFilled(pos - ImVec2(1, 1), pos + CalcTextSize(buf) + ImVec2(1, 1), IM_COL32(200, 100, 100, 255));
+        overlay_draw_list->AddText(NULL, 0.0f, pos, IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 255), buf);
+    }
+#endif // #ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+
+    End();
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Display contents of Columns
+void ImGui::DebugNodeColumns(ImGuiOldColumns* columns)
+{
+    if (!TreeNode((void*)(uintptr_t)columns->ID, "Columns Id: 0x%08X, Count: %d, Flags: 0x%04X", columns->ID, columns->Count, columns->Flags))
+        return;
+    BulletText("Width: %.1f (MinX: %.1f, MaxX: %.1f)", columns->OffMaxX - columns->OffMinX, columns->OffMinX, columns->OffMaxX);
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < columns->Columns.Size; column_n++)
+        BulletText("Column %02d: OffsetNorm %.3f (= %.1f px)", column_n, columns->Columns[column_n].OffsetNorm, GetColumnOffsetFromNorm(columns, columns->Columns[column_n].OffsetNorm));
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+static void DebugNodeDockNodeFlags(ImGuiDockNodeFlags* p_flags, const char* label, bool enabled)
+{
+    using namespace ImGui;
+    PushID(label);
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    Text("%s:", label);
+    if (!enabled)
+        BeginDisabled();
+    CheckboxFlags("NoSplit", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoSplit);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoResize", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoResizeX", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeX);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoResizeY",p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeY);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoTabBar", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoTabBar);
+    CheckboxFlags("HiddenTabBar", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoWindowMenuButton", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoCloseButton", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCloseButton);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoDocking", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDocking);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoDockingSplitMe", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingSplitMe);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoDockingSplitOther", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingSplitOther);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoDockingOverMe", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverMe);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoDockingOverOther", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverOther);
+    CheckboxFlags("NoDockingOverEmpty", p_flags, ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverEmpty);
+    if (!enabled)
+        EndDisabled();
+    PopStyleVar();
+    PopID();
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Display contents of ImDockNode
+void ImGui::DebugNodeDockNode(ImGuiDockNode* node, const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const bool is_alive = (g.FrameCount - node->LastFrameAlive < 2);    // Submitted with ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly
+    const bool is_active = (g.FrameCount - node->LastFrameActive < 2);  // Submitted
+    if (!is_alive) { PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled)); }
+    bool open;
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags tree_node_flags = node->IsFocused ? ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Selected : ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_None;
+    if (node->Windows.Size > 0)
+        open = TreeNodeEx((void*)(intptr_t)node->ID, tree_node_flags, "%s 0x%04X%s: %d windows (vis: '%s')", label, node->ID, node->IsVisible ? "" : " (hidden)", node->Windows.Size, node->VisibleWindow ? node->VisibleWindow->Name : "NULL");
+    else
+        open = TreeNodeEx((void*)(intptr_t)node->ID, tree_node_flags, "%s 0x%04X%s: %s (vis: '%s')", label, node->ID, node->IsVisible ? "" : " (hidden)", (node->SplitAxis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? "horizontal split" : (node->SplitAxis == ImGuiAxis_Y) ? "vertical split" : "empty", node->VisibleWindow ? node->VisibleWindow->Name : "NULL");
+    if (!is_alive) { PopStyleColor(); }
+    if (is_active && IsItemHovered())
+        if (ImGuiWindow* window = node->HostWindow ? node->HostWindow : node->VisibleWindow)
+            GetForegroundDrawList(window)->AddRect(node->Pos, node->Pos + node->Size, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+    if (open)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(node->ChildNodes[0] == NULL || node->ChildNodes[0]->ParentNode == node);
+        IM_ASSERT(node->ChildNodes[1] == NULL || node->ChildNodes[1]->ParentNode == node);
+        BulletText("Pos (%.0f,%.0f), Size (%.0f, %.0f) Ref (%.0f, %.0f)",
+            node->Pos.x, node->Pos.y, node->Size.x, node->Size.y, node->SizeRef.x, node->SizeRef.y);
+        DebugNodeWindow(node->HostWindow, "HostWindow");
+        DebugNodeWindow(node->VisibleWindow, "VisibleWindow");
+        BulletText("SelectedTabID: 0x%08X, LastFocusedNodeID: 0x%08X", node->SelectedTabId, node->LastFocusedNodeId);
+        BulletText("Misc:%s%s%s%s%s%s%s",
+            node->IsDockSpace() ? " IsDockSpace" : "",
+            node->IsCentralNode() ? " IsCentralNode" : "",
+            is_alive ? " IsAlive" : "", is_active ? " IsActive" : "", node->IsFocused ? " IsFocused" : "",
+            node->WantLockSizeOnce ? " WantLockSizeOnce" : "",
+            node->HasCentralNodeChild ? " HasCentralNodeChild" : "");
+        if (TreeNode("flags", "Flags Merged: 0x%04X, Local: 0x%04X, InWindows: 0x%04X, Shared: 0x%04X", node->MergedFlags, node->LocalFlags, node->LocalFlagsInWindows, node->SharedFlags))
+        {
+            if (BeginTable("flags", 4))
+            {
+                TableNextColumn(); DebugNodeDockNodeFlags(&node->MergedFlags, "MergedFlags", false);
+                TableNextColumn(); DebugNodeDockNodeFlags(&node->LocalFlags, "LocalFlags", true);
+                TableNextColumn(); DebugNodeDockNodeFlags(&node->LocalFlagsInWindows, "LocalFlagsInWindows", false);
+                TableNextColumn(); DebugNodeDockNodeFlags(&node->SharedFlags, "SharedFlags", true);
+                EndTable();
+            }
+            TreePop();
+        }
+        if (node->ParentNode)
+            DebugNodeDockNode(node->ParentNode, "ParentNode");
+        if (node->ChildNodes[0])
+            DebugNodeDockNode(node->ChildNodes[0], "Child[0]");
+        if (node->ChildNodes[1])
+            DebugNodeDockNode(node->ChildNodes[1], "Child[1]");
+        if (node->TabBar)
+            DebugNodeTabBar(node->TabBar, "TabBar");
+        DebugNodeWindowsList(&node->Windows, "Windows");
+
+        TreePop();
+    }
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Display contents of ImDrawList
+// Note that both 'window' and 'viewport' may be NULL here. Viewport is generally null of destroyed popups which previously owned a viewport.
+void ImGui::DebugNodeDrawList(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiViewportP* viewport, const ImDrawList* draw_list, const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiMetricsConfig* cfg = &g.DebugMetricsConfig;
+    int cmd_count = draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size;
+    if (cmd_count > 0 && draw_list->CmdBuffer.back().ElemCount == 0 && draw_list->CmdBuffer.back().UserCallback == NULL)
+        cmd_count--;
+    bool node_open = TreeNode(draw_list, "%s: '%s' %d vtx, %d indices, %d cmds", label, draw_list->_OwnerName ? draw_list->_OwnerName : "", draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size, draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size, cmd_count);
+    if (draw_list == GetWindowDrawList())
+    {
+        SameLine();
+        TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f), "CURRENTLY APPENDING"); // Can't display stats for active draw list! (we don't have the data double-buffered)
+        if (node_open)
+            TreePop();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ImDrawList* fg_draw_list = viewport ? GetForegroundDrawList(viewport) : NULL; // Render additional visuals into the top-most draw list
+    if (window && IsItemHovered() && fg_draw_list)
+        fg_draw_list->AddRect(window->Pos, window->Pos + window->Size, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+    if (!node_open)
+        return;
+
+    if (window && !window->WasActive)
+        TextDisabled("Warning: owning Window is inactive. This DrawList is not being rendered!");
+
+    for (const ImDrawCmd* pcmd = draw_list->CmdBuffer.Data; pcmd < draw_list->CmdBuffer.Data + cmd_count; pcmd++)
+    {
+        if (pcmd->UserCallback)
+        {
+            BulletText("Callback %p, user_data %p", pcmd->UserCallback, pcmd->UserCallbackData);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        char buf[300];
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "DrawCmd:%5d tris, Tex 0x%p, ClipRect (%4.0f,%4.0f)-(%4.0f,%4.0f)",
+            pcmd->ElemCount / 3, (void*)(intptr_t)pcmd->TextureId,
+            pcmd->ClipRect.x, pcmd->ClipRect.y, pcmd->ClipRect.z, pcmd->ClipRect.w);
+        bool pcmd_node_open = TreeNode((void*)(pcmd - draw_list->CmdBuffer.begin()), "%s", buf);
+        if (IsItemHovered() && (cfg->ShowDrawCmdMesh || cfg->ShowDrawCmdBoundingBoxes) && fg_draw_list)
+            DebugNodeDrawCmdShowMeshAndBoundingBox(fg_draw_list, draw_list, pcmd, cfg->ShowDrawCmdMesh, cfg->ShowDrawCmdBoundingBoxes);
+        if (!pcmd_node_open)
+            continue;
+
+        // Calculate approximate coverage area (touched pixel count)
+        // This will be in pixels squared as long there's no post-scaling happening to the renderer output.
+        const ImDrawIdx* idx_buffer = (draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size > 0) ? draw_list->IdxBuffer.Data : NULL;
+        const ImDrawVert* vtx_buffer = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data + pcmd->VtxOffset;
+        float total_area = 0.0f;
+        for (unsigned int idx_n = pcmd->IdxOffset; idx_n < pcmd->IdxOffset + pcmd->ElemCount; )
+        {
+            ImVec2 triangle[3];
+            for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++, idx_n++)
+                triangle[n] = vtx_buffer[idx_buffer ? idx_buffer[idx_n] : idx_n].pos;
+            total_area += ImTriangleArea(triangle[0], triangle[1], triangle[2]);
+        }
+
+        // Display vertex information summary. Hover to get all triangles drawn in wire-frame
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "Mesh: ElemCount: %d, VtxOffset: +%d, IdxOffset: +%d, Area: ~%0.f px", pcmd->ElemCount, pcmd->VtxOffset, pcmd->IdxOffset, total_area);
+        Selectable(buf);
+        if (IsItemHovered() && fg_draw_list)
+            DebugNodeDrawCmdShowMeshAndBoundingBox(fg_draw_list, draw_list, pcmd, true, false);
+
+        // Display individual triangles/vertices. Hover on to get the corresponding triangle highlighted.
+        ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+        clipper.Begin(pcmd->ElemCount / 3); // Manually coarse clip our print out of individual vertices to save CPU, only items that may be visible.
+        while (clipper.Step())
+            for (int prim = clipper.DisplayStart, idx_i = pcmd->IdxOffset + clipper.DisplayStart * 3; prim < clipper.DisplayEnd; prim++)
+            {
+                char* buf_p = buf, * buf_end = buf + IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf);
+                ImVec2 triangle[3];
+                for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++, idx_i++)
+                {
+                    const ImDrawVert& v = vtx_buffer[idx_buffer ? idx_buffer[idx_i] : idx_i];
+                    triangle[n] = v.pos;
+                    buf_p += ImFormatString(buf_p, buf_end - buf_p, "%s %04d: pos (%8.2f,%8.2f), uv (%.6f,%.6f), col %08X\n",
+                        (n == 0) ? "Vert:" : "     ", idx_i, v.pos.x, v.pos.y, v.uv.x, v.uv.y, v.col);
+                }
+
+                Selectable(buf, false);
+                if (fg_draw_list && IsItemHovered())
+                {
+                    ImDrawListFlags backup_flags = fg_draw_list->Flags;
+                    fg_draw_list->Flags &= ~ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLines; // Disable AA on triangle outlines is more readable for very large and thin triangles.
+                    fg_draw_list->AddPolyline(triangle, 3, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), ImDrawFlags_Closed, 1.0f);
+                    fg_draw_list->Flags = backup_flags;
+                }
+            }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Display mesh/aabb of a ImDrawCmd
+void ImGui::DebugNodeDrawCmdShowMeshAndBoundingBox(ImDrawList* out_draw_list, const ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImDrawCmd* draw_cmd, bool show_mesh, bool show_aabb)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(show_mesh || show_aabb);
+
+    // Draw wire-frame version of all triangles
+    ImRect clip_rect = draw_cmd->ClipRect;
+    ImRect vtxs_rect(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+    ImDrawListFlags backup_flags = out_draw_list->Flags;
+    out_draw_list->Flags &= ~ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLines; // Disable AA on triangle outlines is more readable for very large and thin triangles.
+    for (unsigned int idx_n = draw_cmd->IdxOffset, idx_end = draw_cmd->IdxOffset + draw_cmd->ElemCount; idx_n < idx_end; )
+    {
+        ImDrawIdx* idx_buffer = (draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size > 0) ? draw_list->IdxBuffer.Data : NULL; // We don't hold on those pointers past iterations as ->AddPolyline() may invalidate them if out_draw_list==draw_list
+        ImDrawVert* vtx_buffer = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data + draw_cmd->VtxOffset;
+
+        ImVec2 triangle[3];
+        for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++, idx_n++)
+            vtxs_rect.Add((triangle[n] = vtx_buffer[idx_buffer ? idx_buffer[idx_n] : idx_n].pos));
+        if (show_mesh)
+            out_draw_list->AddPolyline(triangle, 3, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), ImDrawFlags_Closed, 1.0f); // In yellow: mesh triangles
+    }
+    // Draw bounding boxes
+    if (show_aabb)
+    {
+        out_draw_list->AddRect(ImFloor(clip_rect.Min), ImFloor(clip_rect.Max), IM_COL32(255, 0, 255, 255)); // In pink: clipping rectangle submitted to GPU
+        out_draw_list->AddRect(ImFloor(vtxs_rect.Min), ImFloor(vtxs_rect.Max), IM_COL32(0, 255, 255, 255)); // In cyan: bounding box of triangles
+    }
+    out_draw_list->Flags = backup_flags;
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Display details for a single font, called by ShowStyleEditor().
+void ImGui::DebugNodeFont(ImFont* font)
+{
+    bool opened = TreeNode(font, "Font: \"%s\"\n%.2f px, %d glyphs, %d file(s)",
+        font->ConfigData ? font->ConfigData[0].Name : "", font->FontSize, font->Glyphs.Size, font->ConfigDataCount);
+    SameLine();
+    if (SmallButton("Set as default"))
+        GetIO().FontDefault = font;
+    if (!opened)
+        return;
+
+    // Display preview text
+    PushFont(font);
+    Text("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");
+    PopFont();
+
+    // Display details
+    SetNextItemWidth(GetFontSize() * 8);
+    DragFloat("Font scale", &font->Scale, 0.005f, 0.3f, 2.0f, "%.1f");
+    SameLine(); MetricsHelpMarker(
+        "Note than the default embedded font is NOT meant to be scaled.\n\n"
+        "Font are currently rendered into bitmaps at a given size at the time of building the atlas. "
+        "You may oversample them to get some flexibility with scaling. "
+        "You can also render at multiple sizes and select which one to use at runtime.\n\n"
+        "(Glimmer of hope: the atlas system will be rewritten in the future to make scaling more flexible.)");
+    Text("Ascent: %f, Descent: %f, Height: %f", font->Ascent, font->Descent, font->Ascent - font->Descent);
+    char c_str[5];
+    Text("Fallback character: '%s' (U+%04X)", ImTextCharToUtf8(c_str, font->FallbackChar), font->FallbackChar);
+    Text("Ellipsis character: '%s' (U+%04X)", ImTextCharToUtf8(c_str, font->EllipsisChar), font->EllipsisChar);
+    const int surface_sqrt = (int)ImSqrt((float)font->MetricsTotalSurface);
+    Text("Texture Area: about %d px ~%dx%d px", font->MetricsTotalSurface, surface_sqrt, surface_sqrt);
+    for (int config_i = 0; config_i < font->ConfigDataCount; config_i++)
+        if (font->ConfigData)
+            if (const ImFontConfig* cfg = &font->ConfigData[config_i])
+                BulletText("Input %d: \'%s\', Oversample: (%d,%d), PixelSnapH: %d, Offset: (%.1f,%.1f)",
+                    config_i, cfg->Name, cfg->OversampleH, cfg->OversampleV, cfg->PixelSnapH, cfg->GlyphOffset.x, cfg->GlyphOffset.y);
+
+    // Display all glyphs of the fonts in separate pages of 256 characters
+    if (TreeNode("Glyphs", "Glyphs (%d)", font->Glyphs.Size))
+    {
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = GetWindowDrawList();
+        const ImU32 glyph_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+        const float cell_size = font->FontSize * 1;
+        const float cell_spacing = GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y;
+        for (unsigned int base = 0; base <= IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX; base += 256)
+        {
+            // Skip ahead if a large bunch of glyphs are not present in the font (test in chunks of 4k)
+            // This is only a small optimization to reduce the number of iterations when IM_UNICODE_MAX_CODEPOINT
+            // is large // (if ImWchar==ImWchar32 we will do at least about 272 queries here)
+            if (!(base & 4095) && font->IsGlyphRangeUnused(base, base + 4095))
+            {
+                base += 4096 - 256;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            int count = 0;
+            for (unsigned int n = 0; n < 256; n++)
+                if (font->FindGlyphNoFallback((ImWchar)(base + n)))
+                    count++;
+            if (count <= 0)
+                continue;
+            if (!TreeNode((void*)(intptr_t)base, "U+%04X..U+%04X (%d %s)", base, base + 255, count, count > 1 ? "glyphs" : "glyph"))
+                continue;
+
+            // Draw a 16x16 grid of glyphs
+            ImVec2 base_pos = GetCursorScreenPos();
+            for (unsigned int n = 0; n < 256; n++)
+            {
+                // We use ImFont::RenderChar as a shortcut because we don't have UTF-8 conversion functions
+                // available here and thus cannot easily generate a zero-terminated UTF-8 encoded string.
+                ImVec2 cell_p1(base_pos.x + (n % 16) * (cell_size + cell_spacing), base_pos.y + (n / 16) * (cell_size + cell_spacing));
+                ImVec2 cell_p2(cell_p1.x + cell_size, cell_p1.y + cell_size);
+                const ImFontGlyph* glyph = font->FindGlyphNoFallback((ImWchar)(base + n));
+                draw_list->AddRect(cell_p1, cell_p2, glyph ? IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 100) : IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 50));
+                if (!glyph)
+                    continue;
+                font->RenderChar(draw_list, cell_size, cell_p1, glyph_col, (ImWchar)(base + n));
+                if (IsMouseHoveringRect(cell_p1, cell_p2) && BeginTooltip())
+                {
+                    DebugNodeFontGlyph(font, glyph);
+                    EndTooltip();
+                }
+            }
+            Dummy(ImVec2((cell_size + cell_spacing) * 16, (cell_size + cell_spacing) * 16));
+            TreePop();
+        }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeFontGlyph(ImFont*, const ImFontGlyph* glyph)
+{
+    Text("Codepoint: U+%04X", glyph->Codepoint);
+    Separator();
+    Text("Visible: %d", glyph->Visible);
+    Text("AdvanceX: %.1f", glyph->AdvanceX);
+    Text("Pos: (%.2f,%.2f)->(%.2f,%.2f)", glyph->X0, glyph->Y0, glyph->X1, glyph->Y1);
+    Text("UV: (%.3f,%.3f)->(%.3f,%.3f)", glyph->U0, glyph->V0, glyph->U1, glyph->V1);
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Display contents of ImGuiStorage
+void ImGui::DebugNodeStorage(ImGuiStorage* storage, const char* label)
+{
+    if (!TreeNode(label, "%s: %d entries, %d bytes", label, storage->Data.Size, storage->Data.size_in_bytes()))
+        return;
+    for (int n = 0; n < storage->Data.Size; n++)
+    {
+        const ImGuiStorage::ImGuiStoragePair& p = storage->Data[n];
+        BulletText("Key 0x%08X Value { i: %d }", p.key, p.val_i); // Important: we currently don't store a type, real value may not be integer.
+    }
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Display contents of ImGuiTabBar
+void ImGui::DebugNodeTabBar(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const char* label)
+{
+    // Standalone tab bars (not associated to docking/windows functionality) currently hold no discernible strings.
+    char buf[256];
+    char* p = buf;
+    const char* buf_end = buf + IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf);
+    const bool is_active = (tab_bar->PrevFrameVisible >= GetFrameCount() - 2);
+    p += ImFormatString(p, buf_end - p, "%s 0x%08X (%d tabs)%s", label, tab_bar->ID, tab_bar->Tabs.Size, is_active ? "" : " *Inactive*");
+    p += ImFormatString(p, buf_end - p, "  { ");
+    for (int tab_n = 0; tab_n < ImMin(tab_bar->Tabs.Size, 3); tab_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n];
+        p += ImFormatString(p, buf_end - p, "%s'%s'", tab_n > 0 ? ", " : "", TabBarGetTabName(tab_bar, tab));
+    }
+    p += ImFormatString(p, buf_end - p, (tab_bar->Tabs.Size > 3) ? " ... }" : " } ");
+    if (!is_active) { PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled)); }
+    bool open = TreeNode(label, "%s", buf);
+    if (!is_active) { PopStyleColor(); }
+    if (is_active && IsItemHovered())
+    {
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList();
+        draw_list->AddRect(tab_bar->BarRect.Min, tab_bar->BarRect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+        draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(tab_bar->ScrollingRectMinX, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.y), ImVec2(tab_bar->ScrollingRectMinX, tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y), IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255));
+        draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(tab_bar->ScrollingRectMaxX, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.y), ImVec2(tab_bar->ScrollingRectMaxX, tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y), IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255));
+    }
+    if (open)
+    {
+        for (int tab_n = 0; tab_n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; tab_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n];
+            PushID(tab);
+            if (SmallButton("<")) { TabBarQueueReorder(tab_bar, tab, -1); } SameLine(0, 2);
+            if (SmallButton(">")) { TabBarQueueReorder(tab_bar, tab, +1); } SameLine();
+            Text("%02d%c Tab 0x%08X '%s' Offset: %.2f, Width: %.2f/%.2f",
+                tab_n, (tab->ID == tab_bar->SelectedTabId) ? '*' : ' ', tab->ID, TabBarGetTabName(tab_bar, tab), tab->Offset, tab->Width, tab->ContentWidth);
+            PopID();
+        }
+        TreePop();
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport)
+{
+    SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+    if (TreeNode((void*)(intptr_t)viewport->ID, "Viewport #%d, ID: 0x%08X, Parent: 0x%08X, Window: \"%s\"", viewport->Idx, viewport->ID, viewport->ParentViewportId, viewport->Window ? viewport->Window->Name : "N/A"))
+    {
+        ImGuiWindowFlags flags = viewport->Flags;
+        BulletText("Main Pos: (%.0f,%.0f), Size: (%.0f,%.0f)\nWorkArea Offset Left: %.0f Top: %.0f, Right: %.0f, Bottom: %.0f\nMonitor: %d, DpiScale: %.0f%%",
+            viewport->Pos.x, viewport->Pos.y, viewport->Size.x, viewport->Size.y,
+            viewport->WorkOffsetMin.x, viewport->WorkOffsetMin.y, viewport->WorkOffsetMax.x, viewport->WorkOffsetMax.y,
+            viewport->PlatformMonitor, viewport->DpiScale * 100.0f);
+        if (viewport->Idx > 0) { SameLine(); if (SmallButton("Reset Pos")) { viewport->Pos = ImVec2(200, 200); viewport->UpdateWorkRect(); if (viewport->Window) viewport->Window->Pos = viewport->Pos; } }
+        BulletText("Flags: 0x%04X =%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s", viewport->Flags,
+            //(flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsPlatformWindow) ? " IsPlatformWindow" : "", // Omitting because it is the standard
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsPlatformMonitor) ? " IsPlatformMonitor" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized) ? " IsMinimized" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_IsFocused) ? " IsFocused" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_OwnedByApp) ? " OwnedByApp" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoDecoration) ? " NoDecoration" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoTaskBarIcon) ? " NoTaskBarIcon" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing) ? " NoFocusOnAppearing" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnClick) ? " NoFocusOnClick" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs) ? " NoInputs" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoRendererClear) ? " NoRendererClear" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_NoAutoMerge) ? " NoAutoMerge" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_TopMost) ? " TopMost" : "",
+            (flags & ImGuiViewportFlags_CanHostOtherWindows) ? " CanHostOtherWindows" : "");
+        for (int layer_i = 0; layer_i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers); layer_i++)
+            for (int draw_list_i = 0; draw_list_i < viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[layer_i].Size; draw_list_i++)
+                DebugNodeDrawList(NULL, viewport, viewport->DrawDataBuilder.Layers[layer_i][draw_list_i], "DrawList");
+        TreePop();
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, const char* label)
+{
+    if (window == NULL)
+    {
+        BulletText("%s: NULL", label);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const bool is_active = window->WasActive;
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags tree_node_flags = (window == g.NavWindow) ? ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Selected : ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_None;
+    if (!is_active) { PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled)); }
+    const bool open = TreeNodeEx(label, tree_node_flags, "%s '%s'%s", label, window->Name, is_active ? "" : " *Inactive*");
+    if (!is_active) { PopStyleColor(); }
+    if (IsItemHovered() && is_active)
+        GetForegroundDrawList(window)->AddRect(window->Pos, window->Pos + window->Size, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+    if (!open)
+        return;
+
+    if (window->MemoryCompacted)
+        TextDisabled("Note: some memory buffers have been compacted/freed.");
+
+    ImGuiWindowFlags flags = window->Flags;
+    DebugNodeDrawList(window, window->Viewport, window->DrawList, "DrawList");
+    BulletText("Pos: (%.1f,%.1f), Size: (%.1f,%.1f), ContentSize (%.1f,%.1f) Ideal (%.1f,%.1f)", window->Pos.x, window->Pos.y, window->Size.x, window->Size.y, window->ContentSize.x, window->ContentSize.y, window->ContentSizeIdeal.x, window->ContentSizeIdeal.y);
+    BulletText("Flags: 0x%08X (%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s..)", flags,
+        (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow)  ? "Child " : "",      (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip)     ? "Tooltip "   : "",  (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) ? "Popup " : "",
+        (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal)        ? "Modal " : "",      (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)   ? "ChildMenu " : "",  (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings) ? "NoSavedSettings " : "",
+        (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs)? "NoMouseInputs":"", (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs) ? "NoNavInputs" : "", (flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize) ? "AlwaysAutoResize" : "");
+    BulletText("WindowClassId: 0x%08X", window->WindowClass.ClassId);
+    BulletText("Scroll: (%.2f/%.2f,%.2f/%.2f) Scrollbar:%s%s", window->Scroll.x, window->ScrollMax.x, window->Scroll.y, window->ScrollMax.y, window->ScrollbarX ? "X" : "", window->ScrollbarY ? "Y" : "");
+    BulletText("Active: %d/%d, WriteAccessed: %d, BeginOrderWithinContext: %d", window->Active, window->WasActive, window->WriteAccessed, (window->Active || window->WasActive) ? window->BeginOrderWithinContext : -1);
+    BulletText("Appearing: %d, Hidden: %d (CanSkip %d Cannot %d), SkipItems: %d", window->Appearing, window->Hidden, window->HiddenFramesCanSkipItems, window->HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems, window->SkipItems);
+    for (int layer = 0; layer < ImGuiNavLayer_COUNT; layer++)
+    {
+        ImRect r = window->NavRectRel[layer];
+        if (r.Min.x >= r.Max.y && r.Min.y >= r.Max.y)
+            BulletText("NavLastIds[%d]: 0x%08X", layer, window->NavLastIds[layer]);
+        else
+            BulletText("NavLastIds[%d]: 0x%08X at +(%.1f,%.1f)(%.1f,%.1f)", layer, window->NavLastIds[layer], r.Min.x, r.Min.y, r.Max.x, r.Max.y);
+        DebugLocateItemOnHover(window->NavLastIds[layer]);
+    }
+    BulletText("NavLayersActiveMask: %X, NavLastChildNavWindow: %s", window->DC.NavLayersActiveMask, window->NavLastChildNavWindow ? window->NavLastChildNavWindow->Name : "NULL");
+
+    BulletText("Viewport: %d%s, ViewportId: 0x%08X, ViewportPos: (%.1f,%.1f)", window->Viewport ? window->Viewport->Idx : -1, window->ViewportOwned ? " (Owned)" : "", window->ViewportId, window->ViewportPos.x, window->ViewportPos.y);
+    BulletText("ViewportMonitor: %d", window->Viewport ? window->Viewport->PlatformMonitor : -1);
+    BulletText("DockId: 0x%04X, DockOrder: %d, Act: %d, Vis: %d", window->DockId, window->DockOrder, window->DockIsActive, window->DockTabIsVisible);
+    if (window->DockNode || window->DockNodeAsHost)
+        DebugNodeDockNode(window->DockNodeAsHost ? window->DockNodeAsHost : window->DockNode, window->DockNodeAsHost ? "DockNodeAsHost" : "DockNode");
+
+    if (window->RootWindow != window)       { DebugNodeWindow(window->RootWindow, "RootWindow"); }
+    if (window->RootWindowDockTree != window->RootWindow) { DebugNodeWindow(window->RootWindowDockTree, "RootWindowDockTree"); }
+    if (window->ParentWindow != NULL)       { DebugNodeWindow(window->ParentWindow, "ParentWindow"); }
+    if (window->DC.ChildWindows.Size > 0)   { DebugNodeWindowsList(&window->DC.ChildWindows, "ChildWindows"); }
+    if (window->ColumnsStorage.Size > 0 && TreeNode("Columns", "Columns sets (%d)", window->ColumnsStorage.Size))
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; n < window->ColumnsStorage.Size; n++)
+            DebugNodeColumns(&window->ColumnsStorage[n]);
+        TreePop();
+    }
+    DebugNodeStorage(&window->StateStorage, "Storage");
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeWindowSettings(ImGuiWindowSettings* settings)
+{
+    if (settings->WantDelete)
+        BeginDisabled();
+    Text("0x%08X \"%s\" Pos (%d,%d) Size (%d,%d) Collapsed=%d",
+        settings->ID, settings->GetName(), settings->Pos.x, settings->Pos.y, settings->Size.x, settings->Size.y, settings->Collapsed);
+    if (settings->WantDelete)
+        EndDisabled();
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeWindowsList(ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>* windows, const char* label)
+{
+    if (!TreeNode(label, "%s (%d)", label, windows->Size))
+        return;
+    for (int i = windows->Size - 1; i >= 0; i--) // Iterate front to back
+    {
+        PushID((*windows)[i]);
+        DebugNodeWindow((*windows)[i], "Window");
+        PopID();
+    }
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+// FIXME-OPT: This is technically suboptimal, but it is simpler this way.
+void ImGui::DebugNodeWindowsListByBeginStackParent(ImGuiWindow** windows, int windows_size, ImGuiWindow* parent_in_begin_stack)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < windows_size; i++)
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = windows[i];
+        if (window->ParentWindowInBeginStack != parent_in_begin_stack)
+            continue;
+        char buf[20];
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "[%04d] Window", window->BeginOrderWithinContext);
+        //BulletText("[%04d] Window '%s'", window->BeginOrderWithinContext, window->Name);
+        DebugNodeWindow(window, buf);
+        Indent();
+        DebugNodeWindowsListByBeginStackParent(windows + i + 1, windows_size - i - 1, window);
+        Unindent();
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] DEBUG LOG WINDOW
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::DebugLog(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    DebugLogV(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugLogV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const int old_size = g.DebugLogBuf.size();
+    g.DebugLogBuf.appendf("[%05d] ", g.FrameCount);
+    g.DebugLogBuf.appendfv(fmt, args);
+    if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_OutputToTTY)
+        IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINTF("%s", g.DebugLogBuf.begin() + old_size);
+    g.DebugLogIndex.append(g.DebugLogBuf.c_str(), old_size, g.DebugLogBuf.size());
+}
+
+void ImGui::ShowDebugLogWindow(bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!(g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSize))
+        SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(0.0f, GetFontSize() * 12.0f), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    if (!Begin("Dear ImGui Debug Log", p_open) || GetCurrentWindow()->BeginCount > 1)
+    {
+        End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    AlignTextToFramePadding();
+    Text("Log events:");
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("All", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventMask_);
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("ActiveId", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventActiveId);
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("Focus", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventFocus);
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("Popup", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventPopup);
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("Nav", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventNav);
+    SameLine(); if (CheckboxFlags("Clipper", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventClipper)) { g.DebugLogClipperAutoDisableFrames = 2; } if (IsItemHovered()) SetTooltip("Clipper log auto-disabled after 2 frames");
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("IO", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventIO);
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("Docking", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventDocking);
+    SameLine(); CheckboxFlags("Viewport", &g.DebugLogFlags, ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventViewport);
+
+    if (SmallButton("Clear"))
+    {
+        g.DebugLogBuf.clear();
+        g.DebugLogIndex.clear();
+    }
+    SameLine();
+    if (SmallButton("Copy"))
+        SetClipboardText(g.DebugLogBuf.c_str());
+    BeginChild("##log", ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), true, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysVerticalScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysHorizontalScrollbar);
+
+    ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+    clipper.Begin(g.DebugLogIndex.size());
+    while (clipper.Step())
+        for (int line_no = clipper.DisplayStart; line_no < clipper.DisplayEnd; line_no++)
+        {
+            const char* line_begin = g.DebugLogIndex.get_line_begin(g.DebugLogBuf.c_str(), line_no);
+            const char* line_end = g.DebugLogIndex.get_line_end(g.DebugLogBuf.c_str(), line_no);
+            TextUnformatted(line_begin, line_end);
+            ImRect text_rect = g.LastItemData.Rect;
+            if (IsItemHovered())
+                for (const char* p = line_begin; p < line_end - 10; p++)
+                {
+                    ImGuiID id = 0;
+                    if (p[0] != '0' || (p[1] != 'x' && p[1] != 'X') || sscanf(p + 2, "%X", &id) != 1)
+                        continue;
+                    ImVec2 p0 = CalcTextSize(line_begin, p);
+                    ImVec2 p1 = CalcTextSize(p, p + 10);
+                    g.LastItemData.Rect = ImRect(text_rect.Min + ImVec2(p0.x, 0.0f), text_rect.Min + ImVec2(p0.x + p1.x, p1.y));
+                    if (IsMouseHoveringRect(g.LastItemData.Rect.Min, g.LastItemData.Rect.Max, true))
+                        DebugLocateItemOnHover(id);
+                    p += 10;
+                }
+        }
+    if (GetScrollY() >= GetScrollMaxY())
+        SetScrollHereY(1.0f);
+    EndChild();
+
+    End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] OTHER DEBUG TOOLS (ITEM PICKER, STACK TOOL)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static const ImU32 DEBUG_LOCATE_ITEM_COLOR = IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255);  // Green
+
+void ImGui::DebugLocateItem(ImGuiID target_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.DebugLocateId = target_id;
+    g.DebugLocateFrames = 2;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugLocateItemOnHover(ImGuiID target_id)
+{
+    if (target_id == 0 || !IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem | ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup))
+        return;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    DebugLocateItem(target_id);
+    GetForegroundDrawList(g.CurrentWindow)->AddRect(g.LastItemData.Rect.Min - ImVec2(3.0f, 3.0f), g.LastItemData.Rect.Max + ImVec2(3.0f, 3.0f), DEBUG_LOCATE_ITEM_COLOR);
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugLocateItemResolveWithLastItem()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiLastItemData item_data = g.LastItemData;
+    g.DebugLocateId = 0;
+    ImDrawList* draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(g.CurrentWindow);
+    ImRect r = item_data.Rect;
+    r.Expand(3.0f);
+    ImVec2 p1 = g.IO.MousePos;
+    ImVec2 p2 = ImVec2((p1.x < r.Min.x) ? r.Min.x : (p1.x > r.Max.x) ? r.Max.x : p1.x, (p1.y < r.Min.y) ? r.Min.y : (p1.y > r.Max.y) ? r.Max.y : p1.y);
+    draw_list->AddRect(r.Min, r.Max, DEBUG_LOCATE_ITEM_COLOR);
+    draw_list->AddLine(p1, p2, DEBUG_LOCATE_ITEM_COLOR);
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Item picker tool - start with DebugStartItemPicker() - useful to visually select an item and break into its call-stack.
+void ImGui::UpdateDebugToolItemPicker()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    g.DebugItemPickerBreakId = 0;
+    if (!g.DebugItemPickerActive)
+        return;
+
+    const ImGuiID hovered_id = g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame;
+    SetMouseCursor(ImGuiMouseCursor_Hand);
+    if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Escape))
+        g.DebugItemPickerActive = false;
+    const bool change_mapping = g.IO.KeyMods == (ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiMod_Shift);
+    if (!change_mapping && IsMouseClicked(g.DebugItemPickerMouseButton) && hovered_id)
+    {
+        g.DebugItemPickerBreakId = hovered_id;
+        g.DebugItemPickerActive = false;
+    }
+    for (int mouse_button = 0; mouse_button < 3; mouse_button++)
+        if (change_mapping && IsMouseClicked(mouse_button))
+            g.DebugItemPickerMouseButton = (ImU8)mouse_button;
+    SetNextWindowBgAlpha(0.70f);
+    if (!BeginTooltip())
+        return;
+    Text("HoveredId: 0x%08X", hovered_id);
+    Text("Press ESC to abort picking.");
+    const char* mouse_button_names[] = { "Left", "Right", "Middle" };
+    if (change_mapping)
+        Text("Remap w/ Ctrl+Shift: click anywhere to select new mouse button.");
+    else
+        TextColored(GetStyleColorVec4(hovered_id ? ImGuiCol_Text : ImGuiCol_TextDisabled), "Click %s Button to break in debugger! (remap w/ Ctrl+Shift)", mouse_button_names[g.DebugItemPickerMouseButton]);
+    EndTooltip();
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Stack Tool: update queries. Called by NewFrame()
+void ImGui::UpdateDebugToolStackQueries()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStackTool* tool = &g.DebugStackTool;
+
+    // Clear hook when stack tool is not visible
+    g.DebugHookIdInfo = 0;
+    if (g.FrameCount != tool->LastActiveFrame + 1)
+        return;
+
+    // Update queries. The steps are: -1: query Stack, >= 0: query each stack item
+    // We can only perform 1 ID Info query every frame. This is designed so the GetID() tests are cheap and constant-time
+    const ImGuiID query_id = g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame ? g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame : g.ActiveId;
+    if (tool->QueryId != query_id)
+    {
+        tool->QueryId = query_id;
+        tool->StackLevel = -1;
+        tool->Results.resize(0);
+    }
+    if (query_id == 0)
+        return;
+
+    // Advance to next stack level when we got our result, or after 2 frames (in case we never get a result)
+    int stack_level = tool->StackLevel;
+    if (stack_level >= 0 && stack_level < tool->Results.Size)
+        if (tool->Results[stack_level].QuerySuccess || tool->Results[stack_level].QueryFrameCount > 2)
+            tool->StackLevel++;
+
+    // Update hook
+    stack_level = tool->StackLevel;
+    if (stack_level == -1)
+        g.DebugHookIdInfo = query_id;
+    if (stack_level >= 0 && stack_level < tool->Results.Size)
+    {
+        g.DebugHookIdInfo = tool->Results[stack_level].ID;
+        tool->Results[stack_level].QueryFrameCount++;
+    }
+}
+
+// [DEBUG] Stack tool: hooks called by GetID() family functions
+void ImGui::DebugHookIdInfo(ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, const void* data_id, const void* data_id_end)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiStackTool* tool = &g.DebugStackTool;
+
+    // Step 0: stack query
+    // This assumes that the ID was computed with the current ID stack, which tends to be the case for our widget.
+    if (tool->StackLevel == -1)
+    {
+        tool->StackLevel++;
+        tool->Results.resize(window->IDStack.Size + 1, ImGuiStackLevelInfo());
+        for (int n = 0; n < window->IDStack.Size + 1; n++)
+            tool->Results[n].ID = (n < window->IDStack.Size) ? window->IDStack[n] : id;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Step 1+: query for individual level
+    IM_ASSERT(tool->StackLevel >= 0);
+    if (tool->StackLevel != window->IDStack.Size)
+        return;
+    ImGuiStackLevelInfo* info = &tool->Results[tool->StackLevel];
+    IM_ASSERT(info->ID == id && info->QueryFrameCount > 0);
+
+    switch (data_type)
+    {
+    case ImGuiDataType_S32:
+        ImFormatString(info->Desc, IM_ARRAYSIZE(info->Desc), "%d", (int)(intptr_t)data_id);
+        break;
+    case ImGuiDataType_String:
+        ImFormatString(info->Desc, IM_ARRAYSIZE(info->Desc), "%.*s", data_id_end ? (int)((const char*)data_id_end - (const char*)data_id) : (int)strlen((const char*)data_id), (const char*)data_id);
+        break;
+    case ImGuiDataType_Pointer:
+        ImFormatString(info->Desc, IM_ARRAYSIZE(info->Desc), "(void*)0x%p", data_id);
+        break;
+    case ImGuiDataType_ID:
+        if (info->Desc[0] != 0) // PushOverrideID() is often used to avoid hashing twice, which would lead to 2 calls to DebugHookIdInfo(). We prioritize the first one.
+            return;
+        ImFormatString(info->Desc, IM_ARRAYSIZE(info->Desc), "0x%08X [override]", id);
+        break;
+    default:
+        IM_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+    info->QuerySuccess = true;
+    info->DataType = data_type;
+}
+
+static int StackToolFormatLevelInfo(ImGuiStackTool* tool, int n, bool format_for_ui, char* buf, size_t buf_size)
+{
+    ImGuiStackLevelInfo* info = &tool->Results[n];
+    ImGuiWindow* window = (info->Desc[0] == 0 && n == 0) ? ImGui::FindWindowByID(info->ID) : NULL;
+    if (window)                                                                 // Source: window name (because the root ID don't call GetID() and so doesn't get hooked)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format_for_ui ? "\"%s\" [window]" : "%s", window->Name);
+    if (info->QuerySuccess)                                                     // Source: GetID() hooks (prioritize over ItemInfo() because we frequently use patterns like: PushID(str), Button("") where they both have same id)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, (format_for_ui && info->DataType == ImGuiDataType_String) ? "\"%s\"" : "%s", info->Desc);
+    if (tool->StackLevel < tool->Results.Size)                                  // Only start using fallback below when all queries are done, so during queries we don't flickering ??? markers.
+        return (*buf = 0);
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+    if (const char* label = ImGuiTestEngine_FindItemDebugLabel(GImGui, info->ID))   // Source: ImGuiTestEngine's ItemInfo()
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format_for_ui ? "??? \"%s\"" : "%s", label);
+#endif
+    return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, "???");
+}
+
+// Stack Tool: Display UI
+void ImGui::ShowStackToolWindow(bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!(g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSize))
+        SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(0.0f, GetFontSize() * 8.0f), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    if (!Begin("Dear ImGui Stack Tool", p_open) || GetCurrentWindow()->BeginCount > 1)
+    {
+        End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Display hovered/active status
+    ImGuiStackTool* tool = &g.DebugStackTool;
+    const ImGuiID hovered_id = g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame;
+    const ImGuiID active_id = g.ActiveId;
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+    Text("HoveredId: 0x%08X (\"%s\"), ActiveId:  0x%08X (\"%s\")", hovered_id, hovered_id ? ImGuiTestEngine_FindItemDebugLabel(&g, hovered_id) : "", active_id, active_id ? ImGuiTestEngine_FindItemDebugLabel(&g, active_id) : "");
+#else
+    Text("HoveredId: 0x%08X, ActiveId:  0x%08X", hovered_id, active_id);
+#endif
+    SameLine();
+    MetricsHelpMarker("Hover an item with the mouse to display elements of the ID Stack leading to the item's final ID.\nEach level of the stack correspond to a PushID() call.\nAll levels of the stack are hashed together to make the final ID of a widget (ID displayed at the bottom level of the stack).\nRead FAQ entry about the ID stack for details.");
+
+    // CTRL+C to copy path
+    const float time_since_copy = (float)g.Time - tool->CopyToClipboardLastTime;
+    Checkbox("Ctrl+C: copy path to clipboard", &tool->CopyToClipboardOnCtrlC);
+    SameLine();
+    TextColored((time_since_copy >= 0.0f && time_since_copy < 0.75f && ImFmod(time_since_copy, 0.25f) < 0.25f * 0.5f) ? ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.3f, 1.f) : ImVec4(), "*COPIED*");
+    if (tool->CopyToClipboardOnCtrlC && IsKeyDown(ImGuiMod_Ctrl) && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_C))
+    {
+        tool->CopyToClipboardLastTime = (float)g.Time;
+        char* p = g.TempBuffer.Data;
+        char* p_end = p + g.TempBuffer.Size;
+        for (int stack_n = 0; stack_n < tool->Results.Size && p + 3 < p_end; stack_n++)
+        {
+            *p++ = '/';
+            char level_desc[256];
+            StackToolFormatLevelInfo(tool, stack_n, false, level_desc, IM_ARRAYSIZE(level_desc));
+            for (int n = 0; level_desc[n] && p + 2 < p_end; n++)
+            {
+                if (level_desc[n] == '/')
+                    *p++ = '\\';
+                *p++ = level_desc[n];
+            }
+        }
+        *p = '\0';
+        SetClipboardText(g.TempBuffer.Data);
+    }
+
+    // Display decorated stack
+    tool->LastActiveFrame = g.FrameCount;
+    if (tool->Results.Size > 0 && BeginTable("##table", 3, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders))
+    {
+        const float id_width = CalcTextSize("0xDDDDDDDD").x;
+        TableSetupColumn("Seed", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, id_width);
+        TableSetupColumn("PushID", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch);
+        TableSetupColumn("Result", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, id_width);
+        TableHeadersRow();
+        for (int n = 0; n < tool->Results.Size; n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiStackLevelInfo* info = &tool->Results[n];
+            TableNextColumn();
+            Text("0x%08X", (n > 0) ? tool->Results[n - 1].ID : 0);
+            TableNextColumn();
+            StackToolFormatLevelInfo(tool, n, true, g.TempBuffer.Data, g.TempBuffer.Size);
+            TextUnformatted(g.TempBuffer.Data);
+            TableNextColumn();
+            Text("0x%08X", info->ID);
+            if (n == tool->Results.Size - 1)
+                TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Header));
+        }
+        EndTable();
+    }
+    End();
+}
+
+#else
+
+void ImGui::ShowMetricsWindow(bool*) {}
+void ImGui::ShowFontAtlas(ImFontAtlas*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeColumns(ImGuiOldColumns*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeDrawList(ImGuiWindow*, ImGuiViewportP*, const ImDrawList*, const char*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeDrawCmdShowMeshAndBoundingBox(ImDrawList*, const ImDrawList*, const ImDrawCmd*, bool, bool) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeFont(ImFont*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeStorage(ImGuiStorage*, const char*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeTabBar(ImGuiTabBar*, const char*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeWindow(ImGuiWindow*, const char*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeWindowSettings(ImGuiWindowSettings*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeWindowsList(ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>*, const char*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeViewport(ImGuiViewportP*) {}
+
+void ImGui::DebugLog(const char*, ...) {}
+void ImGui::DebugLogV(const char*, va_list) {}
+void ImGui::ShowDebugLogWindow(bool*) {}
+void ImGui::ShowStackToolWindow(bool*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugHookIdInfo(ImGuiID, ImGuiDataType, const void*, const void*) {}
+void ImGui::UpdateDebugToolItemPicker() {}
+void ImGui::UpdateDebugToolStackQueries() {}
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Include imgui_user.inl at the end of imgui.cpp to access private data/functions that aren't exposed.
+// Prefer just including imgui_internal.h from your code rather than using this define. If a declaration is missing from imgui_internal.h add it or request it on the github.
+#ifdef IMGUI_INCLUDE_IMGUI_USER_INL
+#include "imgui_user.inl"
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui.h b/external/imgui/imgui.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2910bd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3398 @@
+// dear imgui, v1.89.5 WIP
+// (headers)
+
+// Help:
+// - Read FAQ at http://dearimgui.com/faq
+// - Newcomers, read 'Programmer guide' in imgui.cpp for notes on how to setup Dear ImGui in your codebase.
+// - Call and read ImGui::ShowDemoWindow() in imgui_demo.cpp. All applications in examples/ are doing that.
+// Read imgui.cpp for details, links and comments.
+
+// Resources:
+// - FAQ                   http://dearimgui.com/faq
+// - Homepage & latest     https://github.com/ocornut/imgui
+// - Releases & changelog  https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/releases
+// - Gallery               https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/5886 (please post your screenshots/video there!)
+// - Wiki                  https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki (lots of good stuff there)
+// - Glossary              https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Glossary
+// - Issues & support      https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues
+
+// Getting Started?
+// - For first-time users having issues compiling/linking/running or issues loading fonts:
+//   please post in https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/discussions if you cannot find a solution in resources above.
+
+// Library Version
+// (Integer encoded as XYYZZ for use in #if preprocessor conditionals, e.g. '#if IMGUI_VERSION_NUM > 12345')
+#define IMGUI_VERSION               "1.89.5 WIP"
+#define IMGUI_VERSION_NUM           18949
+#define IMGUI_HAS_TABLE
+#define IMGUI_HAS_VIEWPORT          // Viewport WIP branch
+#define IMGUI_HAS_DOCK              // Docking WIP branch
+
+/*
+
+Index of this file:
+// [SECTION] Header mess
+// [SECTION] Forward declarations and basic types
+// [SECTION] Dear ImGui end-user API functions
+// [SECTION] Flags & Enumerations
+// [SECTION] Helpers: Memory allocations macros, ImVector<>
+// [SECTION] ImGuiStyle
+// [SECTION] ImGuiIO
+// [SECTION] Misc data structures (ImGuiInputTextCallbackData, ImGuiSizeCallbackData, ImGuiWindowClass, ImGuiPayload, ImGuiTableSortSpecs, ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs)
+// [SECTION] Helpers (ImGuiOnceUponAFrame, ImGuiTextFilter, ImGuiTextBuffer, ImGuiStorage, ImGuiListClipper, Math Operators, ImColor)
+// [SECTION] Drawing API (ImDrawCallback, ImDrawCmd, ImDrawIdx, ImDrawVert, ImDrawChannel, ImDrawListSplitter, ImDrawFlags, ImDrawListFlags, ImDrawList, ImDrawData)
+// [SECTION] Font API (ImFontConfig, ImFontGlyph, ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder, ImFontAtlasFlags, ImFontAtlas, ImFont)
+// [SECTION] Viewports (ImGuiViewportFlags, ImGuiViewport)
+// [SECTION] Platform Dependent Interfaces (ImGuiPlatformIO, ImGuiPlatformMonitor, ImGuiPlatformImeData)
+// [SECTION] Obsolete functions and types
+
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Configuration file with compile-time options
+// (edit imconfig.h or '#define IMGUI_USER_CONFIG "myfilename.h" from your build system')
+#ifdef IMGUI_USER_CONFIG
+#include IMGUI_USER_CONFIG
+#endif
+#include "imconfig.h"
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Header mess
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Includes
+#include <float.h>                  // FLT_MIN, FLT_MAX
+#include <stdarg.h>                 // va_list, va_start, va_end
+#include <stddef.h>                 // ptrdiff_t, NULL
+#include <string.h>                 // memset, memmove, memcpy, strlen, strchr, strcpy, strcmp
+
+// Define attributes of all API symbols declarations (e.g. for DLL under Windows)
+// IMGUI_API is used for core imgui functions, IMGUI_IMPL_API is used for the default backends files (imgui_impl_xxx.h)
+// Using dear imgui via a shared library is not recommended, because we don't guarantee backward nor forward ABI compatibility (also function call overhead, as dear imgui is a call-heavy API)
+#ifndef IMGUI_API
+#define IMGUI_API
+#endif
+#ifndef IMGUI_IMPL_API
+#define IMGUI_IMPL_API              IMGUI_API
+#endif
+
+// Helper Macros
+#ifndef IM_ASSERT
+#include <assert.h>
+#define IM_ASSERT(_EXPR)            assert(_EXPR)                               // You can override the default assert handler by editing imconfig.h
+#endif
+#define IM_ARRAYSIZE(_ARR)          ((int)(sizeof(_ARR) / sizeof(*(_ARR))))     // Size of a static C-style array. Don't use on pointers!
+#define IM_UNUSED(_VAR)             ((void)(_VAR))                              // Used to silence "unused variable warnings". Often useful as asserts may be stripped out from final builds.
+#define IM_OFFSETOF(_TYPE,_MEMBER)  offsetof(_TYPE, _MEMBER)                    // Offset of _MEMBER within _TYPE. Standardized as offsetof() in C++11
+#define IMGUI_CHECKVERSION()        ImGui::DebugCheckVersionAndDataLayout(IMGUI_VERSION, sizeof(ImGuiIO), sizeof(ImGuiStyle), sizeof(ImVec2), sizeof(ImVec4), sizeof(ImDrawVert), sizeof(ImDrawIdx))
+
+// Helper Macros - IM_FMTARGS, IM_FMTLIST: Apply printf-style warnings to our formatting functions.
+#if !defined(IMGUI_USE_STB_SPRINTF) && defined(__MINGW32__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#define IM_FMTARGS(FMT)             __attribute__((format(gnu_printf, FMT, FMT+1)))
+#define IM_FMTLIST(FMT)             __attribute__((format(gnu_printf, FMT, 0)))
+#elif !defined(IMGUI_USE_STB_SPRINTF) && (defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__))
+#define IM_FMTARGS(FMT)             __attribute__((format(printf, FMT, FMT+1)))
+#define IM_FMTLIST(FMT)             __attribute__((format(printf, FMT, 0)))
+#else
+#define IM_FMTARGS(FMT)
+#define IM_FMTLIST(FMT)
+#endif
+
+// Disable some of MSVC most aggressive Debug runtime checks in function header/footer (used in some simple/low-level functions)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)  && !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(IMGUI_DEBUG_PARANOID)
+#define IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF      __pragma(runtime_checks("",off))     __pragma(check_stack(off)) __pragma(strict_gs_check(push,off))
+#define IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE  __pragma(runtime_checks("",restore)) __pragma(check_stack())    __pragma(strict_gs_check(pop))
+#else
+#define IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+#define IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+#endif
+
+// Warnings
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (push)
+#pragma warning (disable: 26495)    // [Static Analyzer] Variable 'XXX' is uninitialized. Always initialize a member variable (type.6).
+#endif
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
+#if __has_warning("-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"
+#endif
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"          // warning: unknown option after '#pragma GCC diagnostic' kind
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wclass-memaccess"  // [__GNUC__ >= 8] warning: 'memset/memcpy' clearing/writing an object of type 'xxxx' with no trivial copy-assignment; use assignment or value-initialization instead
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Forward declarations and basic types
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Forward declarations
+struct ImDrawChannel;               // Temporary storage to output draw commands out of order, used by ImDrawListSplitter and ImDrawList::ChannelsSplit()
+struct ImDrawCmd;                   // A single draw command within a parent ImDrawList (generally maps to 1 GPU draw call, unless it is a callback)
+struct ImDrawData;                  // All draw command lists required to render the frame + pos/size coordinates to use for the projection matrix.
+struct ImDrawList;                  // A single draw command list (generally one per window, conceptually you may see this as a dynamic "mesh" builder)
+struct ImDrawListSharedData;        // Data shared among multiple draw lists (typically owned by parent ImGui context, but you may create one yourself)
+struct ImDrawListSplitter;          // Helper to split a draw list into different layers which can be drawn into out of order, then flattened back.
+struct ImDrawVert;                  // A single vertex (pos + uv + col = 20 bytes by default. Override layout with IMGUI_OVERRIDE_DRAWVERT_STRUCT_LAYOUT)
+struct ImFont;                      // Runtime data for a single font within a parent ImFontAtlas
+struct ImFontAtlas;                 // Runtime data for multiple fonts, bake multiple fonts into a single texture, TTF/OTF font loader
+struct ImFontBuilderIO;             // Opaque interface to a font builder (stb_truetype or FreeType).
+struct ImFontConfig;                // Configuration data when adding a font or merging fonts
+struct ImFontGlyph;                 // A single font glyph (code point + coordinates within in ImFontAtlas + offset)
+struct ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder;    // Helper to build glyph ranges from text/string data
+struct ImColor;                     // Helper functions to create a color that can be converted to either u32 or float4 (*OBSOLETE* please avoid using)
+struct ImGuiContext;                // Dear ImGui context (opaque structure, unless including imgui_internal.h)
+struct ImGuiIO;                     // Main configuration and I/O between your application and ImGui
+struct ImGuiInputTextCallbackData;  // Shared state of InputText() when using custom ImGuiInputTextCallback (rare/advanced use)
+struct ImGuiKeyData;                // Storage for ImGuiIO and IsKeyDown(), IsKeyPressed() etc functions.
+struct ImGuiListClipper;            // Helper to manually clip large list of items
+struct ImGuiOnceUponAFrame;         // Helper for running a block of code not more than once a frame
+struct ImGuiPayload;                // User data payload for drag and drop operations
+struct ImGuiPlatformIO;             // Multi-viewport support: interface for Platform/Renderer backends + viewports to render
+struct ImGuiPlatformMonitor;        // Multi-viewport support: user-provided bounds for each connected monitor/display. Used when positioning popups and tooltips to avoid them straddling monitors
+struct ImGuiPlatformImeData;        // Platform IME data for io.SetPlatformImeDataFn() function.
+struct ImGuiSizeCallbackData;       // Callback data when using SetNextWindowSizeConstraints() (rare/advanced use)
+struct ImGuiStorage;                // Helper for key->value storage
+struct ImGuiStyle;                  // Runtime data for styling/colors
+struct ImGuiTableSortSpecs;         // Sorting specifications for a table (often handling sort specs for a single column, occasionally more)
+struct ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs;   // Sorting specification for one column of a table
+struct ImGuiTextBuffer;             // Helper to hold and append into a text buffer (~string builder)
+struct ImGuiTextFilter;             // Helper to parse and apply text filters (e.g. "aaaaa[,bbbbb][,ccccc]")
+struct ImGuiViewport;               // A Platform Window (always 1 unless multi-viewport are enabled. One per platform window to output to). In the future may represent Platform Monitor
+struct ImGuiWindowClass;            // Window class (rare/advanced uses: provide hints to the platform backend via altered viewport flags and parent/child info)
+
+// Enumerations
+// - We don't use strongly typed enums much because they add constraints (can't extend in private code, can't store typed in bit fields, extra casting on iteration)
+// - Tip: Use your programming IDE navigation facilities on the names in the _central column_ below to find the actual flags/enum lists!
+//   In Visual Studio IDE: CTRL+comma ("Edit.GoToAll") can follow symbols in comments, whereas CTRL+F12 ("Edit.GoToImplementation") cannot.
+//   With Visual Assist installed: ALT+G ("VAssistX.GoToImplementation") can also follow symbols in comments.
+enum ImGuiKey : int;                // -> enum ImGuiKey              // Enum: A key identifier (ImGuiKey_XXX or ImGuiMod_XXX value)
+enum ImGuiMouseSource : int;        // -> enum ImGuiMouseSource      // Enum; A mouse input source identifier (Mouse, TouchScreen, Pen)
+typedef int ImGuiCol;               // -> enum ImGuiCol_             // Enum: A color identifier for styling
+typedef int ImGuiCond;              // -> enum ImGuiCond_            // Enum: A condition for many Set*() functions
+typedef int ImGuiDataType;          // -> enum ImGuiDataType_        // Enum: A primary data type
+typedef int ImGuiDir;               // -> enum ImGuiDir_             // Enum: A cardinal direction
+typedef int ImGuiMouseButton;       // -> enum ImGuiMouseButton_     // Enum: A mouse button identifier (0=left, 1=right, 2=middle)
+typedef int ImGuiMouseCursor;       // -> enum ImGuiMouseCursor_     // Enum: A mouse cursor shape
+typedef int ImGuiSortDirection;     // -> enum ImGuiSortDirection_   // Enum: A sorting direction (ascending or descending)
+typedef int ImGuiStyleVar;          // -> enum ImGuiStyleVar_        // Enum: A variable identifier for styling
+typedef int ImGuiTableBgTarget;     // -> enum ImGuiTableBgTarget_   // Enum: A color target for TableSetBgColor()
+
+// Flags (declared as int for compatibility with old C++, to allow using as flags without overhead, and to not pollute the top of this file)
+// - Tip: Use your programming IDE navigation facilities on the names in the _central column_ below to find the actual flags/enum lists!
+//   In Visual Studio IDE: CTRL+comma ("Edit.GoToAll") can follow symbols in comments, whereas CTRL+F12 ("Edit.GoToImplementation") cannot.
+//   With Visual Assist installed: ALT+G ("VAssistX.GoToImplementation") can also follow symbols in comments.
+typedef int ImDrawFlags;            // -> enum ImDrawFlags_          // Flags: for ImDrawList functions
+typedef int ImDrawListFlags;        // -> enum ImDrawListFlags_      // Flags: for ImDrawList instance
+typedef int ImFontAtlasFlags;       // -> enum ImFontAtlasFlags_     // Flags: for ImFontAtlas build
+typedef int ImGuiBackendFlags;      // -> enum ImGuiBackendFlags_    // Flags: for io.BackendFlags
+typedef int ImGuiButtonFlags;       // -> enum ImGuiButtonFlags_     // Flags: for InvisibleButton()
+typedef int ImGuiColorEditFlags;    // -> enum ImGuiColorEditFlags_  // Flags: for ColorEdit4(), ColorPicker4() etc.
+typedef int ImGuiConfigFlags;       // -> enum ImGuiConfigFlags_     // Flags: for io.ConfigFlags
+typedef int ImGuiComboFlags;        // -> enum ImGuiComboFlags_      // Flags: for BeginCombo()
+typedef int ImGuiDockNodeFlags;     // -> enum ImGuiDockNodeFlags_   // Flags: for DockSpace()
+typedef int ImGuiDragDropFlags;     // -> enum ImGuiDragDropFlags_   // Flags: for BeginDragDropSource(), AcceptDragDropPayload()
+typedef int ImGuiFocusedFlags;      // -> enum ImGuiFocusedFlags_    // Flags: for IsWindowFocused()
+typedef int ImGuiHoveredFlags;      // -> enum ImGuiHoveredFlags_    // Flags: for IsItemHovered(), IsWindowHovered() etc.
+typedef int ImGuiInputTextFlags;    // -> enum ImGuiInputTextFlags_  // Flags: for InputText(), InputTextMultiline()
+typedef int ImGuiKeyChord;          // -> ImGuiKey | ImGuiMod_XXX    // Flags: for storage only for now: an ImGuiKey optionally OR-ed with one or more ImGuiMod_XXX values.
+typedef int ImGuiPopupFlags;        // -> enum ImGuiPopupFlags_      // Flags: for OpenPopup*(), BeginPopupContext*(), IsPopupOpen()
+typedef int ImGuiSelectableFlags;   // -> enum ImGuiSelectableFlags_ // Flags: for Selectable()
+typedef int ImGuiSliderFlags;       // -> enum ImGuiSliderFlags_     // Flags: for DragFloat(), DragInt(), SliderFloat(), SliderInt() etc.
+typedef int ImGuiTabBarFlags;       // -> enum ImGuiTabBarFlags_     // Flags: for BeginTabBar()
+typedef int ImGuiTabItemFlags;      // -> enum ImGuiTabItemFlags_    // Flags: for BeginTabItem()
+typedef int ImGuiTableFlags;        // -> enum ImGuiTableFlags_      // Flags: For BeginTable()
+typedef int ImGuiTableColumnFlags;  // -> enum ImGuiTableColumnFlags_// Flags: For TableSetupColumn()
+typedef int ImGuiTableRowFlags;     // -> enum ImGuiTableRowFlags_   // Flags: For TableNextRow()
+typedef int ImGuiTreeNodeFlags;     // -> enum ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_   // Flags: for TreeNode(), TreeNodeEx(), CollapsingHeader()
+typedef int ImGuiViewportFlags;     // -> enum ImGuiViewportFlags_   // Flags: for ImGuiViewport
+typedef int ImGuiWindowFlags;       // -> enum ImGuiWindowFlags_     // Flags: for Begin(), BeginChild()
+
+// ImTexture: user data for renderer backend to identify a texture [Compile-time configurable type]
+// - To use something else than an opaque void* pointer: override with e.g. '#define ImTextureID MyTextureType*' in your imconfig.h file.
+// - This can be whatever to you want it to be! read the FAQ about ImTextureID for details.
+#ifndef ImTextureID
+typedef void* ImTextureID;          // Default: store a pointer or an integer fitting in a pointer (most renderer backends are ok with that)
+#endif
+
+// ImDrawIdx: vertex index. [Compile-time configurable type]
+// - To use 16-bit indices + allow large meshes: backend need to set 'io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset' and handle ImDrawCmd::VtxOffset (recommended).
+// - To use 32-bit indices: override with '#define ImDrawIdx unsigned int' in your imconfig.h file.
+#ifndef ImDrawIdx
+typedef unsigned short ImDrawIdx;   // Default: 16-bit (for maximum compatibility with renderer backends)
+#endif
+
+// Scalar data types
+typedef unsigned int        ImGuiID;// A unique ID used by widgets (typically the result of hashing a stack of string)
+typedef signed char         ImS8;   // 8-bit signed integer
+typedef unsigned char       ImU8;   // 8-bit unsigned integer
+typedef signed short        ImS16;  // 16-bit signed integer
+typedef unsigned short      ImU16;  // 16-bit unsigned integer
+typedef signed int          ImS32;  // 32-bit signed integer == int
+typedef unsigned int        ImU32;  // 32-bit unsigned integer (often used to store packed colors)
+typedef signed   long long  ImS64;  // 64-bit signed integer
+typedef unsigned long long  ImU64;  // 64-bit unsigned integer
+
+// Character types
+// (we generally use UTF-8 encoded string in the API. This is storage specifically for a decoded character used for keyboard input and display)
+typedef unsigned short ImWchar16;   // A single decoded U16 character/code point. We encode them as multi bytes UTF-8 when used in strings.
+typedef unsigned int ImWchar32;     // A single decoded U32 character/code point. We encode them as multi bytes UTF-8 when used in strings.
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_WCHAR32            // ImWchar [configurable type: override in imconfig.h with '#define IMGUI_USE_WCHAR32' to support Unicode planes 1-16]
+typedef ImWchar32 ImWchar;
+#else
+typedef ImWchar16 ImWchar;
+#endif
+
+// Callback and functions types
+typedef int     (*ImGuiInputTextCallback)(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data);    // Callback function for ImGui::InputText()
+typedef void    (*ImGuiSizeCallback)(ImGuiSizeCallbackData* data);              // Callback function for ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints()
+typedef void*   (*ImGuiMemAllocFunc)(size_t sz, void* user_data);               // Function signature for ImGui::SetAllocatorFunctions()
+typedef void    (*ImGuiMemFreeFunc)(void* ptr, void* user_data);                // Function signature for ImGui::SetAllocatorFunctions()
+
+// ImVec2: 2D vector used to store positions, sizes etc. [Compile-time configurable type]
+// This is a frequently used type in the API. Consider using IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA to create implicit cast from/to our preferred type.
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+struct ImVec2
+{
+    float                                   x, y;
+    constexpr ImVec2()                      : x(0.0f), y(0.0f) { }
+    constexpr ImVec2(float _x, float _y)    : x(_x), y(_y) { }
+    float& operator[] (size_t idx)          { IM_ASSERT(idx == 0 || idx == 1); return ((float*)(void*)(char*)this)[idx]; } // We very rarely use this [] operator, so the assert overhead is fine.
+    float  operator[] (size_t idx) const    { IM_ASSERT(idx == 0 || idx == 1); return ((const float*)(const void*)(const char*)this)[idx]; }
+#ifdef IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA
+    IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA     // Define additional constructors and implicit cast operators in imconfig.h to convert back and forth between your math types and ImVec2.
+#endif
+};
+
+// ImVec4: 4D vector used to store clipping rectangles, colors etc. [Compile-time configurable type]
+struct ImVec4
+{
+    float                                                     x, y, z, w;
+    constexpr ImVec4()                                        : x(0.0f), y(0.0f), z(0.0f), w(0.0f) { }
+    constexpr ImVec4(float _x, float _y, float _z, float _w)  : x(_x), y(_y), z(_z), w(_w) { }
+#ifdef IM_VEC4_CLASS_EXTRA
+    IM_VEC4_CLASS_EXTRA     // Define additional constructors and implicit cast operators in imconfig.h to convert back and forth between your math types and ImVec4.
+#endif
+};
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Dear ImGui end-user API functions
+// (Note that ImGui:: being a namespace, you can add extra ImGui:: functions in your own separate file. Please don't modify imgui source files!)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    // Context creation and access
+    // - Each context create its own ImFontAtlas by default. You may instance one yourself and pass it to CreateContext() to share a font atlas between contexts.
+    // - DLL users: heaps and globals are not shared across DLL boundaries! You will need to call SetCurrentContext() + SetAllocatorFunctions()
+    //   for each static/DLL boundary you are calling from. Read "Context and Memory Allocators" section of imgui.cpp for details.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiContext* CreateContext(ImFontAtlas* shared_font_atlas = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          DestroyContext(ImGuiContext* ctx = NULL);   // NULL = destroy current context
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiContext* GetCurrentContext();
+    IMGUI_API void          SetCurrentContext(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+
+    // Main
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiIO&      GetIO();                                    // access the IO structure (mouse/keyboard/gamepad inputs, time, various configuration options/flags)
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiStyle&   GetStyle();                                 // access the Style structure (colors, sizes). Always use PushStyleCol(), PushStyleVar() to modify style mid-frame!
+    IMGUI_API void          NewFrame();                                 // start a new Dear ImGui frame, you can submit any command from this point until Render()/EndFrame().
+    IMGUI_API void          EndFrame();                                 // ends the Dear ImGui frame. automatically called by Render(). If you don't need to render data (skipping rendering) you may call EndFrame() without Render()... but you'll have wasted CPU already! If you don't need to render, better to not create any windows and not call NewFrame() at all!
+    IMGUI_API void          Render();                                   // ends the Dear ImGui frame, finalize the draw data. You can then get call GetDrawData().
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawData*   GetDrawData();                              // valid after Render() and until the next call to NewFrame(). this is what you have to render.
+
+    // Demo, Debug, Information
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowDemoWindow(bool* p_open = NULL);        // create Demo window. demonstrate most ImGui features. call this to learn about the library! try to make it always available in your application!
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowMetricsWindow(bool* p_open = NULL);     // create Metrics/Debugger window. display Dear ImGui internals: windows, draw commands, various internal state, etc.
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowDebugLogWindow(bool* p_open = NULL);    // create Debug Log window. display a simplified log of important dear imgui events.
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowStackToolWindow(bool* p_open = NULL);   // create Stack Tool window. hover items with mouse to query information about the source of their unique ID.
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowAboutWindow(bool* p_open = NULL);       // create About window. display Dear ImGui version, credits and build/system information.
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowStyleEditor(ImGuiStyle* ref = NULL);    // add style editor block (not a window). you can pass in a reference ImGuiStyle structure to compare to, revert to and save to (else it uses the default style)
+    IMGUI_API bool          ShowStyleSelector(const char* label);       // add style selector block (not a window), essentially a combo listing the default styles.
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowFontSelector(const char* label);        // add font selector block (not a window), essentially a combo listing the loaded fonts.
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowUserGuide();                            // add basic help/info block (not a window): how to manipulate ImGui as an end-user (mouse/keyboard controls).
+    IMGUI_API const char*   GetVersion();                               // get the compiled version string e.g. "1.80 WIP" (essentially the value for IMGUI_VERSION from the compiled version of imgui.cpp)
+
+    // Styles
+    IMGUI_API void          StyleColorsDark(ImGuiStyle* dst = NULL);    // new, recommended style (default)
+    IMGUI_API void          StyleColorsLight(ImGuiStyle* dst = NULL);   // best used with borders and a custom, thicker font
+    IMGUI_API void          StyleColorsClassic(ImGuiStyle* dst = NULL); // classic imgui style
+
+    // Windows
+    // - Begin() = push window to the stack and start appending to it. End() = pop window from the stack.
+    // - Passing 'bool* p_open != NULL' shows a window-closing widget in the upper-right corner of the window,
+    //   which clicking will set the boolean to false when clicked.
+    // - You may append multiple times to the same window during the same frame by calling Begin()/End() pairs multiple times.
+    //   Some information such as 'flags' or 'p_open' will only be considered by the first call to Begin().
+    // - Begin() return false to indicate the window is collapsed or fully clipped, so you may early out and omit submitting
+    //   anything to the window. Always call a matching End() for each Begin() call, regardless of its return value!
+    //   [Important: due to legacy reason, this is inconsistent with most other functions such as BeginMenu/EndMenu,
+    //    BeginPopup/EndPopup, etc. where the EndXXX call should only be called if the corresponding BeginXXX function
+    //    returned true. Begin and BeginChild are the only odd ones out. Will be fixed in a future update.]
+    // - Note that the bottom of window stack always contains a window called "Debug".
+    IMGUI_API bool          Begin(const char* name, bool* p_open = NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          End();
+
+    // Child Windows
+    // - Use child windows to begin into a self-contained independent scrolling/clipping regions within a host window. Child windows can embed their own child.
+    // - For each independent axis of 'size': ==0.0f: use remaining host window size / >0.0f: fixed size / <0.0f: use remaining window size minus abs(size) / Each axis can use a different mode, e.g. ImVec2(0,400).
+    // - BeginChild() returns false to indicate the window is collapsed or fully clipped, so you may early out and omit submitting anything to the window.
+    //   Always call a matching EndChild() for each BeginChild() call, regardless of its return value.
+    //   [Important: due to legacy reason, this is inconsistent with most other functions such as BeginMenu/EndMenu,
+    //    BeginPopup/EndPopup, etc. where the EndXXX call should only be called if the corresponding BeginXXX function
+    //    returned true. Begin and BeginChild are the only odd ones out. Will be fixed in a future update.]
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginChild(const char* str_id, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0), bool border = false, ImGuiWindowFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginChild(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0), bool border = false, ImGuiWindowFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          EndChild();
+
+    // Windows Utilities
+    // - 'current window' = the window we are appending into while inside a Begin()/End() block. 'next window' = next window we will Begin() into.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowAppearing();
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowCollapsed();
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags flags=0); // is current window focused? or its root/child, depending on flags. see flags for options.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags flags=0); // is current window hovered (and typically: not blocked by a popup/modal)? see flags for options. NB: If you are trying to check whether your mouse should be dispatched to imgui or to your app, you should use the 'io.WantCaptureMouse' boolean for that! Please read the FAQ!
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawList*   GetWindowDrawList();                        // get draw list associated to the current window, to append your own drawing primitives
+    IMGUI_API float         GetWindowDpiScale();                        // get DPI scale currently associated to the current window's viewport.
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetWindowPos();                             // get current window position in screen space (useful if you want to do your own drawing via the DrawList API)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetWindowSize();                            // get current window size
+    IMGUI_API float         GetWindowWidth();                           // get current window width (shortcut for GetWindowSize().x)
+    IMGUI_API float         GetWindowHeight();                          // get current window height (shortcut for GetWindowSize().y)
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiViewport*GetWindowViewport();                        // get viewport currently associated to the current window.
+
+    // Window manipulation
+    // - Prefer using SetNextXXX functions (before Begin) rather that SetXXX functions (after Begin).
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowPos(const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond = 0, const ImVec2& pivot = ImVec2(0, 0)); // set next window position. call before Begin(). use pivot=(0.5f,0.5f) to center on given point, etc.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowSize(const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond = 0);                  // set next window size. set axis to 0.0f to force an auto-fit on this axis. call before Begin()
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(const ImVec2& size_min, const ImVec2& size_max, ImGuiSizeCallback custom_callback = NULL, void* custom_callback_data = NULL); // set next window size limits. use -1,-1 on either X/Y axis to preserve the current size. Sizes will be rounded down. Use callback to apply non-trivial programmatic constraints.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowContentSize(const ImVec2& size);                               // set next window content size (~ scrollable client area, which enforce the range of scrollbars). Not including window decorations (title bar, menu bar, etc.) nor WindowPadding. set an axis to 0.0f to leave it automatic. call before Begin()
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowCollapsed(bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond = 0);                 // set next window collapsed state. call before Begin()
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowFocus();                                                       // set next window to be focused / top-most. call before Begin()
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowScroll(const ImVec2& scroll);                                  // set next window scrolling value (use < 0.0f to not affect a given axis).
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowBgAlpha(float alpha);                                          // set next window background color alpha. helper to easily override the Alpha component of ImGuiCol_WindowBg/ChildBg/PopupBg. you may also use ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowViewport(ImGuiID viewport_id);                                 // set next window viewport
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowPos(const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond = 0);                        // (not recommended) set current window position - call within Begin()/End(). prefer using SetNextWindowPos(), as this may incur tearing and side-effects.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowSize(const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond = 0);                      // (not recommended) set current window size - call within Begin()/End(). set to ImVec2(0, 0) to force an auto-fit. prefer using SetNextWindowSize(), as this may incur tearing and minor side-effects.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowCollapsed(bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond = 0);                     // (not recommended) set current window collapsed state. prefer using SetNextWindowCollapsed().
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowFocus();                                                           // (not recommended) set current window to be focused / top-most. prefer using SetNextWindowFocus().
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowFontScale(float scale);                                            // [OBSOLETE] set font scale. Adjust IO.FontGlobalScale if you want to scale all windows. This is an old API! For correct scaling, prefer to reload font + rebuild ImFontAtlas + call style.ScaleAllSizes().
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowPos(const char* name, const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond = 0);      // set named window position.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowSize(const char* name, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond = 0);    // set named window size. set axis to 0.0f to force an auto-fit on this axis.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowCollapsed(const char* name, bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond = 0);   // set named window collapsed state
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowFocus(const char* name);                                           // set named window to be focused / top-most. use NULL to remove focus.
+
+    // Content region
+    // - Retrieve available space from a given point. GetContentRegionAvail() is frequently useful.
+    // - Those functions are bound to be redesigned (they are confusing, incomplete and the Min/Max return values are in local window coordinates which increases confusion)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetContentRegionAvail();                                        // == GetContentRegionMax() - GetCursorPos()
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetContentRegionMax();                                          // current content boundaries (typically window boundaries including scrolling, or current column boundaries), in windows coordinates
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetWindowContentRegionMin();                                    // content boundaries min for the full window (roughly (0,0)-Scroll), in window coordinates
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetWindowContentRegionMax();                                    // content boundaries max for the full window (roughly (0,0)+Size-Scroll) where Size can be overridden with SetNextWindowContentSize(), in window coordinates
+
+    // Windows Scrolling
+    // - Any change of Scroll will be applied at the beginning of next frame in the first call to Begin().
+    // - You may instead use SetNextWindowScroll() prior to calling Begin() to avoid this delay, as an alternative to using SetScrollX()/SetScrollY().
+    IMGUI_API float         GetScrollX();                                                   // get scrolling amount [0 .. GetScrollMaxX()]
+    IMGUI_API float         GetScrollY();                                                   // get scrolling amount [0 .. GetScrollMaxY()]
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollX(float scroll_x);                                     // set scrolling amount [0 .. GetScrollMaxX()]
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollY(float scroll_y);                                     // set scrolling amount [0 .. GetScrollMaxY()]
+    IMGUI_API float         GetScrollMaxX();                                                // get maximum scrolling amount ~~ ContentSize.x - WindowSize.x - DecorationsSize.x
+    IMGUI_API float         GetScrollMaxY();                                                // get maximum scrolling amount ~~ ContentSize.y - WindowSize.y - DecorationsSize.y
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollHereX(float center_x_ratio = 0.5f);                    // adjust scrolling amount to make current cursor position visible. center_x_ratio=0.0: left, 0.5: center, 1.0: right. When using to make a "default/current item" visible, consider using SetItemDefaultFocus() instead.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollHereY(float center_y_ratio = 0.5f);                    // adjust scrolling amount to make current cursor position visible. center_y_ratio=0.0: top, 0.5: center, 1.0: bottom. When using to make a "default/current item" visible, consider using SetItemDefaultFocus() instead.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollFromPosX(float local_x, float center_x_ratio = 0.5f);  // adjust scrolling amount to make given position visible. Generally GetCursorStartPos() + offset to compute a valid position.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollFromPosY(float local_y, float center_y_ratio = 0.5f);  // adjust scrolling amount to make given position visible. Generally GetCursorStartPos() + offset to compute a valid position.
+
+    // Parameters stacks (shared)
+    IMGUI_API void          PushFont(ImFont* font);                                         // use NULL as a shortcut to push default font
+    IMGUI_API void          PopFont();
+    IMGUI_API void          PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol idx, ImU32 col);                        // modify a style color. always use this if you modify the style after NewFrame().
+    IMGUI_API void          PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol idx, const ImVec4& col);
+    IMGUI_API void          PopStyleColor(int count = 1);
+    IMGUI_API void          PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar idx, float val);                     // modify a style float variable. always use this if you modify the style after NewFrame().
+    IMGUI_API void          PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar idx, const ImVec2& val);             // modify a style ImVec2 variable. always use this if you modify the style after NewFrame().
+    IMGUI_API void          PopStyleVar(int count = 1);
+    IMGUI_API void          PushTabStop(bool tab_stop);                                     // == tab stop enable. Allow focusing using TAB/Shift-TAB, enabled by default but you can disable it for certain widgets
+    IMGUI_API void          PopTabStop();
+    IMGUI_API void          PushButtonRepeat(bool repeat);                                  // in 'repeat' mode, Button*() functions return repeated true in a typematic manner (using io.KeyRepeatDelay/io.KeyRepeatRate setting). Note that you can call IsItemActive() after any Button() to tell if the button is held in the current frame.
+    IMGUI_API void          PopButtonRepeat();
+
+    // Parameters stacks (current window)
+    IMGUI_API void          PushItemWidth(float item_width);                                // push width of items for common large "item+label" widgets. >0.0f: width in pixels, <0.0f align xx pixels to the right of window (so -FLT_MIN always align width to the right side).
+    IMGUI_API void          PopItemWidth();
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextItemWidth(float item_width);                             // set width of the _next_ common large "item+label" widget. >0.0f: width in pixels, <0.0f align xx pixels to the right of window (so -FLT_MIN always align width to the right side)
+    IMGUI_API float         CalcItemWidth();                                                // width of item given pushed settings and current cursor position. NOT necessarily the width of last item unlike most 'Item' functions.
+    IMGUI_API void          PushTextWrapPos(float wrap_local_pos_x = 0.0f);                 // push word-wrapping position for Text*() commands. < 0.0f: no wrapping; 0.0f: wrap to end of window (or column); > 0.0f: wrap at 'wrap_pos_x' position in window local space
+    IMGUI_API void          PopTextWrapPos();
+
+    // Style read access
+    // - Use the ShowStyleEditor() function to interactively see/edit the colors.
+    IMGUI_API ImFont*       GetFont();                                                      // get current font
+    IMGUI_API float         GetFontSize();                                                  // get current font size (= height in pixels) of current font with current scale applied
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetFontTexUvWhitePixel();                                       // get UV coordinate for a while pixel, useful to draw custom shapes via the ImDrawList API
+    IMGUI_API ImU32         GetColorU32(ImGuiCol idx, float alpha_mul = 1.0f);              // retrieve given style color with style alpha applied and optional extra alpha multiplier, packed as a 32-bit value suitable for ImDrawList
+    IMGUI_API ImU32         GetColorU32(const ImVec4& col);                                 // retrieve given color with style alpha applied, packed as a 32-bit value suitable for ImDrawList
+    IMGUI_API ImU32         GetColorU32(ImU32 col);                                         // retrieve given color with style alpha applied, packed as a 32-bit value suitable for ImDrawList
+    IMGUI_API const ImVec4& GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol idx);                                // retrieve style color as stored in ImGuiStyle structure. use to feed back into PushStyleColor(), otherwise use GetColorU32() to get style color with style alpha baked in.
+
+    // Cursor / Layout
+    // - By "cursor" we mean the current output position.
+    // - The typical widget behavior is to output themselves at the current cursor position, then move the cursor one line down.
+    // - You can call SameLine() between widgets to undo the last carriage return and output at the right of the preceding widget.
+    // - Attention! We currently have inconsistencies between window-local and absolute positions we will aim to fix with future API:
+    //    Window-local coordinates:   SameLine(), GetCursorPos(), SetCursorPos(), GetCursorStartPos(), GetContentRegionMax(), GetWindowContentRegion*(), PushTextWrapPos()
+    //    Absolute coordinate:        GetCursorScreenPos(), SetCursorScreenPos(), all ImDrawList:: functions.
+    IMGUI_API void          Separator();                                                    // separator, generally horizontal. inside a menu bar or in horizontal layout mode, this becomes a vertical separator.
+    IMGUI_API void          SameLine(float offset_from_start_x=0.0f, float spacing=-1.0f);  // call between widgets or groups to layout them horizontally. X position given in window coordinates.
+    IMGUI_API void          NewLine();                                                      // undo a SameLine() or force a new line when in a horizontal-layout context.
+    IMGUI_API void          Spacing();                                                      // add vertical spacing.
+    IMGUI_API void          Dummy(const ImVec2& size);                                      // add a dummy item of given size. unlike InvisibleButton(), Dummy() won't take the mouse click or be navigable into.
+    IMGUI_API void          Indent(float indent_w = 0.0f);                                  // move content position toward the right, by indent_w, or style.IndentSpacing if indent_w <= 0
+    IMGUI_API void          Unindent(float indent_w = 0.0f);                                // move content position back to the left, by indent_w, or style.IndentSpacing if indent_w <= 0
+    IMGUI_API void          BeginGroup();                                                   // lock horizontal starting position
+    IMGUI_API void          EndGroup();                                                     // unlock horizontal starting position + capture the whole group bounding box into one "item" (so you can use IsItemHovered() or layout primitives such as SameLine() on whole group, etc.)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetCursorPos();                                                 // cursor position in window coordinates (relative to window position)
+    IMGUI_API float         GetCursorPosX();                                                //   (some functions are using window-relative coordinates, such as: GetCursorPos, GetCursorStartPos, GetContentRegionMax, GetWindowContentRegion* etc.
+    IMGUI_API float         GetCursorPosY();                                                //    other functions such as GetCursorScreenPos or everything in ImDrawList::
+    IMGUI_API void          SetCursorPos(const ImVec2& local_pos);                          //    are using the main, absolute coordinate system.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetCursorPosX(float local_x);                                   //    GetWindowPos() + GetCursorPos() == GetCursorScreenPos() etc.)
+    IMGUI_API void          SetCursorPosY(float local_y);                                   //
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetCursorStartPos();                                            // initial cursor position in window coordinates
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetCursorScreenPos();                                           // cursor position in absolute coordinates (useful to work with ImDrawList API). generally top-left == GetMainViewport()->Pos == (0,0) in single viewport mode, and bottom-right == GetMainViewport()->Pos+Size == io.DisplaySize in single-viewport mode.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetCursorScreenPos(const ImVec2& pos);                          // cursor position in absolute coordinates
+    IMGUI_API void          AlignTextToFramePadding();                                      // vertically align upcoming text baseline to FramePadding.y so that it will align properly to regularly framed items (call if you have text on a line before a framed item)
+    IMGUI_API float         GetTextLineHeight();                                            // ~ FontSize
+    IMGUI_API float         GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing();                                 // ~ FontSize + style.ItemSpacing.y (distance in pixels between 2 consecutive lines of text)
+    IMGUI_API float         GetFrameHeight();                                               // ~ FontSize + style.FramePadding.y * 2
+    IMGUI_API float         GetFrameHeightWithSpacing();                                    // ~ FontSize + style.FramePadding.y * 2 + style.ItemSpacing.y (distance in pixels between 2 consecutive lines of framed widgets)
+
+    // ID stack/scopes
+    // Read the FAQ (docs/FAQ.md or http://dearimgui.com/faq) for more details about how ID are handled in dear imgui.
+    // - Those questions are answered and impacted by understanding of the ID stack system:
+    //   - "Q: Why is my widget not reacting when I click on it?"
+    //   - "Q: How can I have widgets with an empty label?"
+    //   - "Q: How can I have multiple widgets with the same label?"
+    // - Short version: ID are hashes of the entire ID stack. If you are creating widgets in a loop you most likely
+    //   want to push a unique identifier (e.g. object pointer, loop index) to uniquely differentiate them.
+    // - You can also use the "Label##foobar" syntax within widget label to distinguish them from each others.
+    // - In this header file we use the "label"/"name" terminology to denote a string that will be displayed + used as an ID,
+    //   whereas "str_id" denote a string that is only used as an ID and not normally displayed.
+    IMGUI_API void          PushID(const char* str_id);                                     // push string into the ID stack (will hash string).
+    IMGUI_API void          PushID(const char* str_id_begin, const char* str_id_end);       // push string into the ID stack (will hash string).
+    IMGUI_API void          PushID(const void* ptr_id);                                     // push pointer into the ID stack (will hash pointer).
+    IMGUI_API void          PushID(int int_id);                                             // push integer into the ID stack (will hash integer).
+    IMGUI_API void          PopID();                                                        // pop from the ID stack.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetID(const char* str_id);                                      // calculate unique ID (hash of whole ID stack + given parameter). e.g. if you want to query into ImGuiStorage yourself
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetID(const char* str_id_begin, const char* str_id_end);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetID(const void* ptr_id);
+
+    // Widgets: Text
+    IMGUI_API void          TextUnformatted(const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL); // raw text without formatting. Roughly equivalent to Text("%s", text) but: A) doesn't require null terminated string if 'text_end' is specified, B) it's faster, no memory copy is done, no buffer size limits, recommended for long chunks of text.
+    IMGUI_API void          Text(const char* fmt, ...)                                      IM_FMTARGS(1); // formatted text
+    IMGUI_API void          TextV(const char* fmt, va_list args)                            IM_FMTLIST(1);
+    IMGUI_API void          TextColored(const ImVec4& col, const char* fmt, ...)            IM_FMTARGS(2); // shortcut for PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, col); Text(fmt, ...); PopStyleColor();
+    IMGUI_API void          TextColoredV(const ImVec4& col, const char* fmt, va_list args)  IM_FMTLIST(2);
+    IMGUI_API void          TextDisabled(const char* fmt, ...)                              IM_FMTARGS(1); // shortcut for PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]); Text(fmt, ...); PopStyleColor();
+    IMGUI_API void          TextDisabledV(const char* fmt, va_list args)                    IM_FMTLIST(1);
+    IMGUI_API void          TextWrapped(const char* fmt, ...)                               IM_FMTARGS(1); // shortcut for PushTextWrapPos(0.0f); Text(fmt, ...); PopTextWrapPos();. Note that this won't work on an auto-resizing window if there's no other widgets to extend the window width, yoy may need to set a size using SetNextWindowSize().
+    IMGUI_API void          TextWrappedV(const char* fmt, va_list args)                     IM_FMTLIST(1);
+    IMGUI_API void          LabelText(const char* label, const char* fmt, ...)              IM_FMTARGS(2); // display text+label aligned the same way as value+label widgets
+    IMGUI_API void          LabelTextV(const char* label, const char* fmt, va_list args)    IM_FMTLIST(2);
+    IMGUI_API void          BulletText(const char* fmt, ...)                                IM_FMTARGS(1); // shortcut for Bullet()+Text()
+    IMGUI_API void          BulletTextV(const char* fmt, va_list args)                      IM_FMTLIST(1);
+    IMGUI_API void          SeparatorText(const char* label);                               // currently: formatted text with an horizontal line
+
+    // Widgets: Main
+    // - Most widgets return true when the value has been changed or when pressed/selected
+    // - You may also use one of the many IsItemXXX functions (e.g. IsItemActive, IsItemHovered, etc.) to query widget state.
+    IMGUI_API bool          Button(const char* label, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0));   // button
+    IMGUI_API bool          SmallButton(const char* label);                                 // button with FramePadding=(0,0) to easily embed within text
+    IMGUI_API bool          InvisibleButton(const char* str_id, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiButtonFlags flags = 0); // flexible button behavior without the visuals, frequently useful to build custom behaviors using the public api (along with IsItemActive, IsItemHovered, etc.)
+    IMGUI_API bool          ArrowButton(const char* str_id, ImGuiDir dir);                  // square button with an arrow shape
+    IMGUI_API bool          Checkbox(const char* label, bool* v);
+    IMGUI_API bool          CheckboxFlags(const char* label, int* flags, int flags_value);
+    IMGUI_API bool          CheckboxFlags(const char* label, unsigned int* flags, unsigned int flags_value);
+    IMGUI_API bool          RadioButton(const char* label, bool active);                    // use with e.g. if (RadioButton("one", my_value==1)) { my_value = 1; }
+    IMGUI_API bool          RadioButton(const char* label, int* v, int v_button);           // shortcut to handle the above pattern when value is an integer
+    IMGUI_API void          ProgressBar(float fraction, const ImVec2& size_arg = ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 0), const char* overlay = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          Bullet();                                                       // draw a small circle + keep the cursor on the same line. advance cursor x position by GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing(), same distance that TreeNode() uses
+
+    // Widgets: Images
+    // - Read about ImTextureID here: https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Image-Loading-and-Displaying-Examples
+    IMGUI_API void          Image(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0 = ImVec2(0, 0), const ImVec2& uv1 = ImVec2(1, 1), const ImVec4& tint_col = ImVec4(1, 1, 1, 1), const ImVec4& border_col = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0));
+    IMGUI_API bool          ImageButton(const char* str_id, ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0 = ImVec2(0, 0), const ImVec2& uv1 = ImVec2(1, 1), const ImVec4& bg_col = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0), const ImVec4& tint_col = ImVec4(1, 1, 1, 1));
+
+    // Widgets: Combo Box (Dropdown)
+    // - The BeginCombo()/EndCombo() api allows you to manage your contents and selection state however you want it, by creating e.g. Selectable() items.
+    // - The old Combo() api are helpers over BeginCombo()/EndCombo() which are kept available for convenience purpose. This is analogous to how ListBox are created.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginCombo(const char* label, const char* preview_value, ImGuiComboFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          EndCombo(); // only call EndCombo() if BeginCombo() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API bool          Combo(const char* label, int* current_item, const char* const items[], int items_count, int popup_max_height_in_items = -1);
+    IMGUI_API bool          Combo(const char* label, int* current_item, const char* items_separated_by_zeros, int popup_max_height_in_items = -1);      // Separate items with \0 within a string, end item-list with \0\0. e.g. "One\0Two\0Three\0"
+    IMGUI_API bool          Combo(const char* label, int* current_item, bool(*items_getter)(void* data, int idx, const char** out_text), void* data, int items_count, int popup_max_height_in_items = -1);
+
+    // Widgets: Drag Sliders
+    // - CTRL+Click on any drag box to turn them into an input box. Manually input values aren't clamped by default and can go off-bounds. Use ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp to always clamp.
+    // - For all the Float2/Float3/Float4/Int2/Int3/Int4 versions of every function, note that a 'float v[X]' function argument is the same as 'float* v',
+    //   the array syntax is just a way to document the number of elements that are expected to be accessible. You can pass address of your first element out of a contiguous set, e.g. &myvector.x
+    // - Adjust format string to decorate the value with a prefix, a suffix, or adapt the editing and display precision e.g. "%.3f" -> 1.234; "%5.2f secs" -> 01.23 secs; "Biscuit: %.0f" -> Biscuit: 1; etc.
+    // - Format string may also be set to NULL or use the default format ("%f" or "%d").
+    // - Speed are per-pixel of mouse movement (v_speed=0.2f: mouse needs to move by 5 pixels to increase value by 1). For gamepad/keyboard navigation, minimum speed is Max(v_speed, minimum_step_at_given_precision).
+    // - Use v_min < v_max to clamp edits to given limits. Note that CTRL+Click manual input can override those limits if ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp is not used.
+    // - Use v_max = FLT_MAX / INT_MAX etc to avoid clamping to a maximum, same with v_min = -FLT_MAX / INT_MIN to avoid clamping to a minimum.
+    // - We use the same sets of flags for DragXXX() and SliderXXX() functions as the features are the same and it makes it easier to swap them.
+    // - Legacy: Pre-1.78 there are DragXXX() function signatures that take a final `float power=1.0f' argument instead of the `ImGuiSliderFlags flags=0' argument.
+    //   If you get a warning converting a float to ImGuiSliderFlags, read https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/3361
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragFloat(const char* label, float* v, float v_speed = 1.0f, float v_min = 0.0f, float v_max = 0.0f, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);     // If v_min >= v_max we have no bound
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], float v_speed = 1.0f, float v_min = 0.0f, float v_max = 0.0f, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], float v_speed = 1.0f, float v_min = 0.0f, float v_max = 0.0f, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], float v_speed = 1.0f, float v_min = 0.0f, float v_max = 0.0f, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragFloatRange2(const char* label, float* v_current_min, float* v_current_max, float v_speed = 1.0f, float v_min = 0.0f, float v_max = 0.0f, const char* format = "%.3f", const char* format_max = NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragInt(const char* label, int* v, float v_speed = 1.0f, int v_min = 0, int v_max = 0, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);  // If v_min >= v_max we have no bound
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragInt2(const char* label, int v[2], float v_speed = 1.0f, int v_min = 0, int v_max = 0, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragInt3(const char* label, int v[3], float v_speed = 1.0f, int v_min = 0, int v_max = 0, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragInt4(const char* label, int v[4], float v_speed = 1.0f, int v_min = 0, int v_max = 0, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragIntRange2(const char* label, int* v_current_min, int* v_current_max, float v_speed = 1.0f, int v_min = 0, int v_max = 0, const char* format = "%d", const char* format_max = NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, float v_speed = 1.0f, const void* p_min = NULL, const void* p_max = NULL, const char* format = NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, int components, float v_speed = 1.0f, const void* p_min = NULL, const void* p_max = NULL, const char* format = NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+
+    // Widgets: Regular Sliders
+    // - CTRL+Click on any slider to turn them into an input box. Manually input values aren't clamped by default and can go off-bounds. Use ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp to always clamp.
+    // - Adjust format string to decorate the value with a prefix, a suffix, or adapt the editing and display precision e.g. "%.3f" -> 1.234; "%5.2f secs" -> 01.23 secs; "Biscuit: %.0f" -> Biscuit: 1; etc.
+    // - Format string may also be set to NULL or use the default format ("%f" or "%d").
+    // - Legacy: Pre-1.78 there are SliderXXX() function signatures that take a final `float power=1.0f' argument instead of the `ImGuiSliderFlags flags=0' argument.
+    //   If you get a warning converting a float to ImGuiSliderFlags, read https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/3361
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderFloat(const char* label, float* v, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);     // adjust format to decorate the value with a prefix or a suffix for in-slider labels or unit display.
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderAngle(const char* label, float* v_rad, float v_degrees_min = -360.0f, float v_degrees_max = +360.0f, const char* format = "%.0f deg", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderInt(const char* label, int* v, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderInt2(const char* label, int v[2], int v_min, int v_max, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderInt3(const char* label, int v[3], int v_min, int v_max, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderInt4(const char* label, int v[4], int v_min, int v_max, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format = NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, int components, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format = NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          VSliderFloat(const char* label, const ImVec2& size, float* v, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          VSliderInt(const char* label, const ImVec2& size, int* v, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format = "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          VSliderScalar(const char* label, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format = NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags flags = 0);
+
+    // Widgets: Input with Keyboard
+    // - If you want to use InputText() with std::string or any custom dynamic string type, see misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h and comments in imgui_demo.cpp.
+    // - Most of the ImGuiInputTextFlags flags are only useful for InputText() and not for InputFloatX, InputIntX, InputDouble etc.
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputText(const char* label, char* buf, size_t buf_size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback = NULL, void* user_data = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputTextMultiline(const char* label, char* buf, size_t buf_size, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0), ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback = NULL, void* user_data = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputTextWithHint(const char* label, const char* hint, char* buf, size_t buf_size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback = NULL, void* user_data = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputFloat(const char* label, float* v, float step = 0.0f, float step_fast = 0.0f, const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], const char* format = "%.3f", ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputInt(const char* label, int* v, int step = 1, int step_fast = 100, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputInt2(const char* label, int v[2], ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputInt3(const char* label, int v[3], ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputInt4(const char* label, int v[4], ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputDouble(const char* label, double* v, double step = 0.0, double step_fast = 0.0, const char* format = "%.6f", ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_step = NULL, const void* p_step_fast = NULL, const char* format = NULL, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, int components, const void* p_step = NULL, const void* p_step_fast = NULL, const char* format = NULL, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0);
+
+    // Widgets: Color Editor/Picker (tip: the ColorEdit* functions have a little color square that can be left-clicked to open a picker, and right-clicked to open an option menu.)
+    // - Note that in C++ a 'float v[X]' function argument is the _same_ as 'float* v', the array syntax is just a way to document the number of elements that are expected to be accessible.
+    // - You can pass the address of a first float element out of a contiguous structure, e.g. &myvector.x
+    IMGUI_API bool          ColorEdit3(const char* label, float col[3], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ColorEdit4(const char* label, float col[4], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ColorPicker3(const char* label, float col[3], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ColorPicker4(const char* label, float col[4], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = 0, const float* ref_col = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ColorButton(const char* desc_id, const ImVec4& col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = 0, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0)); // display a color square/button, hover for details, return true when pressed.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetColorEditOptions(ImGuiColorEditFlags flags);                     // initialize current options (generally on application startup) if you want to select a default format, picker type, etc. User will be able to change many settings, unless you pass the _NoOptions flag to your calls.
+
+    // Widgets: Trees
+    // - TreeNode functions return true when the node is open, in which case you need to also call TreePop() when you are finished displaying the tree node contents.
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNode(const char* label);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNode(const char* str_id, const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(2);   // helper variation to easily decorelate the id from the displayed string. Read the FAQ about why and how to use ID. to align arbitrary text at the same level as a TreeNode() you can use Bullet().
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNode(const void* ptr_id, const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(2);   // "
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeV(const char* str_id, const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(2);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeV(const void* ptr_id, const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(2);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeEx(const char* label, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeEx(const char* str_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(3);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeEx(const void* ptr_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(3);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeExV(const char* str_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(3);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeExV(const void* ptr_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(3);
+    IMGUI_API void          TreePush(const char* str_id);                                       // ~ Indent()+PushId(). Already called by TreeNode() when returning true, but you can call TreePush/TreePop yourself if desired.
+    IMGUI_API void          TreePush(const void* ptr_id);                                       // "
+    IMGUI_API void          TreePop();                                                          // ~ Unindent()+PopId()
+    IMGUI_API float         GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing();                                        // horizontal distance preceding label when using TreeNode*() or Bullet() == (g.FontSize + style.FramePadding.x*2) for a regular unframed TreeNode
+    IMGUI_API bool          CollapsingHeader(const char* label, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = 0);  // if returning 'true' the header is open. doesn't indent nor push on ID stack. user doesn't have to call TreePop().
+    IMGUI_API bool          CollapsingHeader(const char* label, bool* p_visible, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = 0); // when 'p_visible != NULL': if '*p_visible==true' display an additional small close button on upper right of the header which will set the bool to false when clicked, if '*p_visible==false' don't display the header.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextItemOpen(bool is_open, ImGuiCond cond = 0);                  // set next TreeNode/CollapsingHeader open state.
+
+    // Widgets: Selectables
+    // - A selectable highlights when hovered, and can display another color when selected.
+    // - Neighbors selectable extend their highlight bounds in order to leave no gap between them. This is so a series of selected Selectable appear contiguous.
+    IMGUI_API bool          Selectable(const char* label, bool selected = false, ImGuiSelectableFlags flags = 0, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0)); // "bool selected" carry the selection state (read-only). Selectable() is clicked is returns true so you can modify your selection state. size.x==0.0: use remaining width, size.x>0.0: specify width. size.y==0.0: use label height, size.y>0.0: specify height
+    IMGUI_API bool          Selectable(const char* label, bool* p_selected, ImGuiSelectableFlags flags = 0, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0));      // "bool* p_selected" point to the selection state (read-write), as a convenient helper.
+
+    // Widgets: List Boxes
+    // - This is essentially a thin wrapper to using BeginChild/EndChild with some stylistic changes.
+    // - The BeginListBox()/EndListBox() api allows you to manage your contents and selection state however you want it, by creating e.g. Selectable() or any items.
+    // - The simplified/old ListBox() api are helpers over BeginListBox()/EndListBox() which are kept available for convenience purpose. This is analoguous to how Combos are created.
+    // - Choose frame width:   size.x > 0.0f: custom  /  size.x < 0.0f or -FLT_MIN: right-align   /  size.x = 0.0f (default): use current ItemWidth
+    // - Choose frame height:  size.y > 0.0f: custom  /  size.y < 0.0f or -FLT_MIN: bottom-align  /  size.y = 0.0f (default): arbitrary default height which can fit ~7 items
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginListBox(const char* label, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0)); // open a framed scrolling region
+    IMGUI_API void          EndListBox();                                                       // only call EndListBox() if BeginListBox() returned true!
+    IMGUI_API bool          ListBox(const char* label, int* current_item, const char* const items[], int items_count, int height_in_items = -1);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ListBox(const char* label, int* current_item, bool (*items_getter)(void* data, int idx, const char** out_text), void* data, int items_count, int height_in_items = -1);
+
+    // Widgets: Data Plotting
+    // - Consider using ImPlot (https://github.com/epezent/implot) which is much better!
+    IMGUI_API void          PlotLines(const char* label, const float* values, int values_count, int values_offset = 0, const char* overlay_text = NULL, float scale_min = FLT_MAX, float scale_max = FLT_MAX, ImVec2 graph_size = ImVec2(0, 0), int stride = sizeof(float));
+    IMGUI_API void          PlotLines(const char* label, float(*values_getter)(void* data, int idx), void* data, int values_count, int values_offset = 0, const char* overlay_text = NULL, float scale_min = FLT_MAX, float scale_max = FLT_MAX, ImVec2 graph_size = ImVec2(0, 0));
+    IMGUI_API void          PlotHistogram(const char* label, const float* values, int values_count, int values_offset = 0, const char* overlay_text = NULL, float scale_min = FLT_MAX, float scale_max = FLT_MAX, ImVec2 graph_size = ImVec2(0, 0), int stride = sizeof(float));
+    IMGUI_API void          PlotHistogram(const char* label, float(*values_getter)(void* data, int idx), void* data, int values_count, int values_offset = 0, const char* overlay_text = NULL, float scale_min = FLT_MAX, float scale_max = FLT_MAX, ImVec2 graph_size = ImVec2(0, 0));
+
+    // Widgets: Value() Helpers.
+    // - Those are merely shortcut to calling Text() with a format string. Output single value in "name: value" format (tip: freely declare more in your code to handle your types. you can add functions to the ImGui namespace)
+    IMGUI_API void          Value(const char* prefix, bool b);
+    IMGUI_API void          Value(const char* prefix, int v);
+    IMGUI_API void          Value(const char* prefix, unsigned int v);
+    IMGUI_API void          Value(const char* prefix, float v, const char* float_format = NULL);
+
+    // Widgets: Menus
+    // - Use BeginMenuBar() on a window ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar to append to its menu bar.
+    // - Use BeginMainMenuBar() to create a menu bar at the top of the screen and append to it.
+    // - Use BeginMenu() to create a menu. You can call BeginMenu() multiple time with the same identifier to append more items to it.
+    // - Not that MenuItem() keyboardshortcuts are displayed as a convenience but _not processed_ by Dear ImGui at the moment.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginMenuBar();                                                     // append to menu-bar of current window (requires ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar flag set on parent window).
+    IMGUI_API void          EndMenuBar();                                                       // only call EndMenuBar() if BeginMenuBar() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginMainMenuBar();                                                 // create and append to a full screen menu-bar.
+    IMGUI_API void          EndMainMenuBar();                                                   // only call EndMainMenuBar() if BeginMainMenuBar() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginMenu(const char* label, bool enabled = true);                  // create a sub-menu entry. only call EndMenu() if this returns true!
+    IMGUI_API void          EndMenu();                                                          // only call EndMenu() if BeginMenu() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API bool          MenuItem(const char* label, const char* shortcut = NULL, bool selected = false, bool enabled = true);  // return true when activated.
+    IMGUI_API bool          MenuItem(const char* label, const char* shortcut, bool* p_selected, bool enabled = true);              // return true when activated + toggle (*p_selected) if p_selected != NULL
+
+    // Tooltips
+    // - Tooltip are windows following the mouse. They do not take focus away.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginTooltip();                                                     // begin/append a tooltip window. to create full-featured tooltip (with any kind of items).
+    IMGUI_API void          EndTooltip();                                                       // only call EndTooltip() if BeginTooltip() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API void          SetTooltip(const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(1);                     // set a text-only tooltip, typically use with ImGui::IsItemHovered(). override any previous call to SetTooltip().
+    IMGUI_API void          SetTooltipV(const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(1);
+
+    // Popups, Modals
+    //  - They block normal mouse hovering detection (and therefore most mouse interactions) behind them.
+    //  - If not modal: they can be closed by clicking anywhere outside them, or by pressing ESCAPE.
+    //  - Their visibility state (~bool) is held internally instead of being held by the programmer as we are used to with regular Begin*() calls.
+    //  - The 3 properties above are related: we need to retain popup visibility state in the library because popups may be closed as any time.
+    //  - You can bypass the hovering restriction by using ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup when calling IsItemHovered() or IsWindowHovered().
+    //  - IMPORTANT: Popup identifiers are relative to the current ID stack, so OpenPopup and BeginPopup generally needs to be at the same level of the stack.
+    //    This is sometimes leading to confusing mistakes. May rework this in the future.
+
+    // Popups: begin/end functions
+    //  - BeginPopup(): query popup state, if open start appending into the window. Call EndPopup() afterwards. ImGuiWindowFlags are forwarded to the window.
+    //  - BeginPopupModal(): block every interaction behind the window, cannot be closed by user, add a dimming background, has a title bar.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginPopup(const char* str_id, ImGuiWindowFlags flags = 0);                         // return true if the popup is open, and you can start outputting to it.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginPopupModal(const char* name, bool* p_open = NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags flags = 0); // return true if the modal is open, and you can start outputting to it.
+    IMGUI_API void          EndPopup();                                                                         // only call EndPopup() if BeginPopupXXX() returns true!
+
+    // Popups: open/close functions
+    //  - OpenPopup(): set popup state to open. ImGuiPopupFlags are available for opening options.
+    //  - If not modal: they can be closed by clicking anywhere outside them, or by pressing ESCAPE.
+    //  - CloseCurrentPopup(): use inside the BeginPopup()/EndPopup() scope to close manually.
+    //  - CloseCurrentPopup() is called by default by Selectable()/MenuItem() when activated (FIXME: need some options).
+    //  - Use ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOpenOverExistingPopup to avoid opening a popup if there's already one at the same level. This is equivalent to e.g. testing for !IsAnyPopupOpen() prior to OpenPopup().
+    //  - Use IsWindowAppearing() after BeginPopup() to tell if a window just opened.
+    //  - IMPORTANT: Notice that for OpenPopupOnItemClick() we exceptionally default flags to 1 (== ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight) for backward compatibility with older API taking 'int mouse_button = 1' parameter
+    IMGUI_API void          OpenPopup(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags = 0);                     // call to mark popup as open (don't call every frame!).
+    IMGUI_API void          OpenPopup(ImGuiID id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags = 0);                             // id overload to facilitate calling from nested stacks
+    IMGUI_API void          OpenPopupOnItemClick(const char* str_id = NULL, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags = 1);   // helper to open popup when clicked on last item. Default to ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight == 1. (note: actually triggers on the mouse _released_ event to be consistent with popup behaviors)
+    IMGUI_API void          CloseCurrentPopup();                                                                // manually close the popup we have begin-ed into.
+
+    // Popups: open+begin combined functions helpers
+    //  - Helpers to do OpenPopup+BeginPopup where the Open action is triggered by e.g. hovering an item and right-clicking.
+    //  - They are convenient to easily create context menus, hence the name.
+    //  - IMPORTANT: Notice that BeginPopupContextXXX takes ImGuiPopupFlags just like OpenPopup() and unlike BeginPopup(). For full consistency, we may add ImGuiWindowFlags to the BeginPopupContextXXX functions in the future.
+    //  - IMPORTANT: Notice that we exceptionally default their flags to 1 (== ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight) for backward compatibility with older API taking 'int mouse_button = 1' parameter, so if you add other flags remember to re-add the ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginPopupContextItem(const char* str_id = NULL, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags = 1);  // open+begin popup when clicked on last item. Use str_id==NULL to associate the popup to previous item. If you want to use that on a non-interactive item such as Text() you need to pass in an explicit ID here. read comments in .cpp!
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginPopupContextWindow(const char* str_id = NULL, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags = 1);// open+begin popup when clicked on current window.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginPopupContextVoid(const char* str_id = NULL, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags = 1);  // open+begin popup when clicked in void (where there are no windows).
+
+    // Popups: query functions
+    //  - IsPopupOpen(): return true if the popup is open at the current BeginPopup() level of the popup stack.
+    //  - IsPopupOpen() with ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId: return true if any popup is open at the current BeginPopup() level of the popup stack.
+    //  - IsPopupOpen() with ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId + ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel: return true if any popup is open.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsPopupOpen(const char* str_id, ImGuiPopupFlags flags = 0);                         // return true if the popup is open.
+
+    // Tables
+    // - Full-featured replacement for old Columns API.
+    // - See Demo->Tables for demo code. See top of imgui_tables.cpp for general commentary.
+    // - See ImGuiTableFlags_ and ImGuiTableColumnFlags_ enums for a description of available flags.
+    // The typical call flow is:
+    // - 1. Call BeginTable(), early out if returning false.
+    // - 2. Optionally call TableSetupColumn() to submit column name/flags/defaults.
+    // - 3. Optionally call TableSetupScrollFreeze() to request scroll freezing of columns/rows.
+    // - 4. Optionally call TableHeadersRow() to submit a header row. Names are pulled from TableSetupColumn() data.
+    // - 5. Populate contents:
+    //    - In most situations you can use TableNextRow() + TableSetColumnIndex(N) to start appending into a column.
+    //    - If you are using tables as a sort of grid, where every column is holding the same type of contents,
+    //      you may prefer using TableNextColumn() instead of TableNextRow() + TableSetColumnIndex().
+    //      TableNextColumn() will automatically wrap-around into the next row if needed.
+    //    - IMPORTANT: Comparatively to the old Columns() API, we need to call TableNextColumn() for the first column!
+    //    - Summary of possible call flow:
+    //        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    //        TableNextRow() -> TableSetColumnIndex(0) -> Text("Hello 0") -> TableSetColumnIndex(1) -> Text("Hello 1")  // OK
+    //        TableNextRow() -> TableNextColumn()      -> Text("Hello 0") -> TableNextColumn()      -> Text("Hello 1")  // OK
+    //                          TableNextColumn()      -> Text("Hello 0") -> TableNextColumn()      -> Text("Hello 1")  // OK: TableNextColumn() automatically gets to next row!
+    //        TableNextRow()                           -> Text("Hello 0")                                               // Not OK! Missing TableSetColumnIndex() or TableNextColumn()! Text will not appear!
+    //        --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // - 5. Call EndTable()
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginTable(const char* str_id, int column, ImGuiTableFlags flags = 0, const ImVec2& outer_size = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), float inner_width = 0.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void          EndTable();                                         // only call EndTable() if BeginTable() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API void          TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags row_flags = 0, float min_row_height = 0.0f); // append into the first cell of a new row.
+    IMGUI_API bool          TableNextColumn();                                  // append into the next column (or first column of next row if currently in last column). Return true when column is visible.
+    IMGUI_API bool          TableSetColumnIndex(int column_n);                  // append into the specified column. Return true when column is visible.
+
+    // Tables: Headers & Columns declaration
+    // - Use TableSetupColumn() to specify label, resizing policy, default width/weight, id, various other flags etc.
+    // - Use TableHeadersRow() to create a header row and automatically submit a TableHeader() for each column.
+    //   Headers are required to perform: reordering, sorting, and opening the context menu.
+    //   The context menu can also be made available in columns body using ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody.
+    // - You may manually submit headers using TableNextRow() + TableHeader() calls, but this is only useful in
+    //   some advanced use cases (e.g. adding custom widgets in header row).
+    // - Use TableSetupScrollFreeze() to lock columns/rows so they stay visible when scrolled.
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSetupColumn(const char* label, ImGuiTableColumnFlags flags = 0, float init_width_or_weight = 0.0f, ImGuiID user_id = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSetupScrollFreeze(int cols, int rows);         // lock columns/rows so they stay visible when scrolled.
+    IMGUI_API void          TableHeadersRow();                                  // submit all headers cells based on data provided to TableSetupColumn() + submit context menu
+    IMGUI_API void          TableHeader(const char* label);                     // submit one header cell manually (rarely used)
+
+    // Tables: Sorting & Miscellaneous functions
+    // - Sorting: call TableGetSortSpecs() to retrieve latest sort specs for the table. NULL when not sorting.
+    //   When 'sort_specs->SpecsDirty == true' you should sort your data. It will be true when sorting specs have
+    //   changed since last call, or the first time. Make sure to set 'SpecsDirty = false' after sorting,
+    //   else you may wastefully sort your data every frame!
+    // - Functions args 'int column_n' treat the default value of -1 as the same as passing the current column index.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTableSortSpecs*  TableGetSortSpecs();                        // get latest sort specs for the table (NULL if not sorting).  Lifetime: don't hold on this pointer over multiple frames or past any subsequent call to BeginTable().
+    IMGUI_API int                   TableGetColumnCount();                      // return number of columns (value passed to BeginTable)
+    IMGUI_API int                   TableGetColumnIndex();                      // return current column index.
+    IMGUI_API int                   TableGetRowIndex();                         // return current row index.
+    IMGUI_API const char*           TableGetColumnName(int column_n = -1);      // return "" if column didn't have a name declared by TableSetupColumn(). Pass -1 to use current column.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTableColumnFlags TableGetColumnFlags(int column_n = -1);     // return column flags so you can query their Enabled/Visible/Sorted/Hovered status flags. Pass -1 to use current column.
+    IMGUI_API void                  TableSetColumnEnabled(int column_n, bool v);// change user accessible enabled/disabled state of a column. Set to false to hide the column. User can use the context menu to change this themselves (right-click in headers, or right-click in columns body with ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody)
+    IMGUI_API void                  TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget target, ImU32 color, int column_n = -1);  // change the color of a cell, row, or column. See ImGuiTableBgTarget_ flags for details.
+
+    // Legacy Columns API (prefer using Tables!)
+    // - You can also use SameLine(pos_x) to mimic simplified columns.
+    IMGUI_API void          Columns(int count = 1, const char* id = NULL, bool border = true);
+    IMGUI_API void          NextColumn();                                                       // next column, defaults to current row or next row if the current row is finished
+    IMGUI_API int           GetColumnIndex();                                                   // get current column index
+    IMGUI_API float         GetColumnWidth(int column_index = -1);                              // get column width (in pixels). pass -1 to use current column
+    IMGUI_API void          SetColumnWidth(int column_index, float width);                      // set column width (in pixels). pass -1 to use current column
+    IMGUI_API float         GetColumnOffset(int column_index = -1);                             // get position of column line (in pixels, from the left side of the contents region). pass -1 to use current column, otherwise 0..GetColumnsCount() inclusive. column 0 is typically 0.0f
+    IMGUI_API void          SetColumnOffset(int column_index, float offset_x);                  // set position of column line (in pixels, from the left side of the contents region). pass -1 to use current column
+    IMGUI_API int           GetColumnsCount();
+
+    // Tab Bars, Tabs
+    // - Note: Tabs are automatically created by the docking system (when in 'docking' branch). Use this to create tab bars/tabs yourself.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginTabBar(const char* str_id, ImGuiTabBarFlags flags = 0);        // create and append into a TabBar
+    IMGUI_API void          EndTabBar();                                                        // only call EndTabBar() if BeginTabBar() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginTabItem(const char* label, bool* p_open = NULL, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags = 0); // create a Tab. Returns true if the Tab is selected.
+    IMGUI_API void          EndTabItem();                                                       // only call EndTabItem() if BeginTabItem() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API bool          TabItemButton(const char* label, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags = 0);      // create a Tab behaving like a button. return true when clicked. cannot be selected in the tab bar.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetTabItemClosed(const char* tab_or_docked_window_label);           // notify TabBar or Docking system of a closed tab/window ahead (useful to reduce visual flicker on reorderable tab bars). For tab-bar: call after BeginTabBar() and before Tab submissions. Otherwise call with a window name.
+
+    // Docking
+    // [BETA API] Enable with io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable.
+    // Note: You can use most Docking facilities without calling any API. You DO NOT need to call DockSpace() to use Docking!
+    // - Drag from window title bar or their tab to dock/undock. Hold SHIFT to disable docking/undocking.
+    // - Drag from window menu button (upper-left button) to undock an entire node (all windows).
+    // - When io.ConfigDockingWithShift == true, you instead need to hold SHIFT to _enable_ docking/undocking.
+    // About dockspaces:
+    // - Use DockSpace() to create an explicit dock node _within_ an existing window. See Docking demo for details.
+    // - Use DockSpaceOverViewport() to create an explicit dock node covering the screen or a specific viewport.
+    //   This is often used with ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode.
+    // - Important: Dockspaces need to be submitted _before_ any window they can host. Submit it early in your frame!
+    // - Important: Dockspaces need to be kept alive if hidden, otherwise windows docked into it will be undocked.
+    //   e.g. if you have multiple tabs with a dockspace inside each tab: submit the non-visible dockspaces with ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       DockSpace(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0), ImGuiDockNodeFlags flags = 0, const ImGuiWindowClass* window_class = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       DockSpaceOverViewport(const ImGuiViewport* viewport = NULL, ImGuiDockNodeFlags flags = 0, const ImGuiWindowClass* window_class = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowDockID(ImGuiID dock_id, ImGuiCond cond = 0);           // set next window dock id
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextWindowClass(const ImGuiWindowClass* window_class);           // set next window class (control docking compatibility + provide hints to platform backend via custom viewport flags and platform parent/child relationship)
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetWindowDockID();
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowDocked();                                                   // is current window docked into another window?
+
+    // Logging/Capture
+    // - All text output from the interface can be captured into tty/file/clipboard. By default, tree nodes are automatically opened during logging.
+    IMGUI_API void          LogToTTY(int auto_open_depth = -1);                                 // start logging to tty (stdout)
+    IMGUI_API void          LogToFile(int auto_open_depth = -1, const char* filename = NULL);   // start logging to file
+    IMGUI_API void          LogToClipboard(int auto_open_depth = -1);                           // start logging to OS clipboard
+    IMGUI_API void          LogFinish();                                                        // stop logging (close file, etc.)
+    IMGUI_API void          LogButtons();                                                       // helper to display buttons for logging to tty/file/clipboard
+    IMGUI_API void          LogText(const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(1);                        // pass text data straight to log (without being displayed)
+    IMGUI_API void          LogTextV(const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(1);
+
+    // Drag and Drop
+    // - On source items, call BeginDragDropSource(), if it returns true also call SetDragDropPayload() + EndDragDropSource().
+    // - On target candidates, call BeginDragDropTarget(), if it returns true also call AcceptDragDropPayload() + EndDragDropTarget().
+    // - If you stop calling BeginDragDropSource() the payload is preserved however it won't have a preview tooltip (we currently display a fallback "..." tooltip, see #1725)
+    // - An item can be both drag source and drop target.
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginDragDropSource(ImGuiDragDropFlags flags = 0);                                      // call after submitting an item which may be dragged. when this return true, you can call SetDragDropPayload() + EndDragDropSource()
+    IMGUI_API bool          SetDragDropPayload(const char* type, const void* data, size_t sz, ImGuiCond cond = 0);  // type is a user defined string of maximum 32 characters. Strings starting with '_' are reserved for dear imgui internal types. Data is copied and held by imgui. Return true when payload has been accepted.
+    IMGUI_API void          EndDragDropSource();                                                                    // only call EndDragDropSource() if BeginDragDropSource() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API bool                  BeginDragDropTarget();                                                          // call after submitting an item that may receive a payload. If this returns true, you can call AcceptDragDropPayload() + EndDragDropTarget()
+    IMGUI_API const ImGuiPayload*   AcceptDragDropPayload(const char* type, ImGuiDragDropFlags flags = 0);          // accept contents of a given type. If ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptBeforeDelivery is set you can peek into the payload before the mouse button is released.
+    IMGUI_API void                  EndDragDropTarget();                                                            // only call EndDragDropTarget() if BeginDragDropTarget() returns true!
+    IMGUI_API const ImGuiPayload*   GetDragDropPayload();                                                           // peek directly into the current payload from anywhere. may return NULL. use ImGuiPayload::IsDataType() to test for the payload type.
+
+    // Disabling [BETA API]
+    // - Disable all user interactions and dim items visuals (applying style.DisabledAlpha over current colors)
+    // - Those can be nested but it cannot be used to enable an already disabled section (a single BeginDisabled(true) in the stack is enough to keep everything disabled)
+    // - BeginDisabled(false) essentially does nothing useful but is provided to facilitate use of boolean expressions. If you can avoid calling BeginDisabled(False)/EndDisabled() best to avoid it.
+    IMGUI_API void          BeginDisabled(bool disabled = true);
+    IMGUI_API void          EndDisabled();
+
+    // Clipping
+    // - Mouse hovering is affected by ImGui::PushClipRect() calls, unlike direct calls to ImDrawList::PushClipRect() which are render only.
+    IMGUI_API void          PushClipRect(const ImVec2& clip_rect_min, const ImVec2& clip_rect_max, bool intersect_with_current_clip_rect);
+    IMGUI_API void          PopClipRect();
+
+    // Focus, Activation
+    // - Prefer using "SetItemDefaultFocus()" over "if (IsWindowAppearing()) SetScrollHereY()" when applicable to signify "this is the default item"
+    IMGUI_API void          SetItemDefaultFocus();                                              // make last item the default focused item of a window.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetKeyboardFocusHere(int offset = 0);                               // focus keyboard on the next widget. Use positive 'offset' to access sub components of a multiple component widget. Use -1 to access previous widget.
+
+    // Item/Widgets Utilities and Query Functions
+    // - Most of the functions are referring to the previous Item that has been submitted.
+    // - See Demo Window under "Widgets->Querying Status" for an interactive visualization of most of those functions.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags flags = 0);                         // is the last item hovered? (and usable, aka not blocked by a popup, etc.). See ImGuiHoveredFlags for more options.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemActive();                                                     // is the last item active? (e.g. button being held, text field being edited. This will continuously return true while holding mouse button on an item. Items that don't interact will always return false)
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemFocused();                                                    // is the last item focused for keyboard/gamepad navigation?
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemClicked(ImGuiMouseButton mouse_button = 0);                   // is the last item hovered and mouse clicked on? (**)  == IsMouseClicked(mouse_button) && IsItemHovered()Important. (**) this is NOT equivalent to the behavior of e.g. Button(). Read comments in function definition.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemVisible();                                                    // is the last item visible? (items may be out of sight because of clipping/scrolling)
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemEdited();                                                     // did the last item modify its underlying value this frame? or was pressed? This is generally the same as the "bool" return value of many widgets.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemActivated();                                                  // was the last item just made active (item was previously inactive).
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemDeactivated();                                                // was the last item just made inactive (item was previously active). Useful for Undo/Redo patterns with widgets that require continuous editing.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();                                       // was the last item just made inactive and made a value change when it was active? (e.g. Slider/Drag moved). Useful for Undo/Redo patterns with widgets that require continuous editing. Note that you may get false positives (some widgets such as Combo()/ListBox()/Selectable() will return true even when clicking an already selected item).
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemToggledOpen();                                                // was the last item open state toggled? set by TreeNode().
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsAnyItemHovered();                                                 // is any item hovered?
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsAnyItemActive();                                                  // is any item active?
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsAnyItemFocused();                                                 // is any item focused?
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetItemID();                                                        // get ID of last item (~~ often same ImGui::GetID(label) beforehand)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetItemRectMin();                                                   // get upper-left bounding rectangle of the last item (screen space)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetItemRectMax();                                                   // get lower-right bounding rectangle of the last item (screen space)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetItemRectSize();                                                  // get size of last item
+    IMGUI_API void          SetItemAllowOverlap();                                              // allow last item to be overlapped by a subsequent item. sometimes useful with invisible buttons, selectables, etc. to catch unused area.
+
+    // Viewports
+    // - Currently represents the Platform Window created by the application which is hosting our Dear ImGui windows.
+    // - In 'docking' branch with multi-viewport enabled, we extend this concept to have multiple active viewports.
+    // - In the future we will extend this concept further to also represent Platform Monitor and support a "no main platform window" operation mode.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiViewport* GetMainViewport();                                                 // return primary/default viewport. This can never be NULL.
+
+    // Background/Foreground Draw Lists
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawList*   GetBackgroundDrawList();                                            // get background draw list for the viewport associated to the current window. this draw list will be the first rendering one. Useful to quickly draw shapes/text behind dear imgui contents.
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawList*   GetForegroundDrawList();                                            // get foreground draw list for the viewport associated to the current window. this draw list will be the last rendered one. Useful to quickly draw shapes/text over dear imgui contents.
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawList*   GetBackgroundDrawList(ImGuiViewport* viewport);                     // get background draw list for the given viewport. this draw list will be the first rendering one. Useful to quickly draw shapes/text behind dear imgui contents.
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawList*   GetForegroundDrawList(ImGuiViewport* viewport);                     // get foreground draw list for the given viewport. this draw list will be the last rendered one. Useful to quickly draw shapes/text over dear imgui contents.
+
+    // Miscellaneous Utilities
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsRectVisible(const ImVec2& size);                                  // test if rectangle (of given size, starting from cursor position) is visible / not clipped.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsRectVisible(const ImVec2& rect_min, const ImVec2& rect_max);      // test if rectangle (in screen space) is visible / not clipped. to perform coarse clipping on user's side.
+    IMGUI_API double        GetTime();                                                          // get global imgui time. incremented by io.DeltaTime every frame.
+    IMGUI_API int           GetFrameCount();                                                    // get global imgui frame count. incremented by 1 every frame.
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawListSharedData* GetDrawListSharedData();                                    // you may use this when creating your own ImDrawList instances.
+    IMGUI_API const char*   GetStyleColorName(ImGuiCol idx);                                    // get a string corresponding to the enum value (for display, saving, etc.).
+    IMGUI_API void          SetStateStorage(ImGuiStorage* storage);                             // replace current window storage with our own (if you want to manipulate it yourself, typically clear subsection of it)
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiStorage* GetStateStorage();
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginChildFrame(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiWindowFlags flags = 0); // helper to create a child window / scrolling region that looks like a normal widget frame
+    IMGUI_API void          EndChildFrame();                                                    // always call EndChildFrame() regardless of BeginChildFrame() return values (which indicates a collapsed/clipped window)
+
+    // Text Utilities
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        CalcTextSize(const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL, bool hide_text_after_double_hash = false, float wrap_width = -1.0f);
+
+    // Color Utilities
+    IMGUI_API ImVec4        ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(ImU32 in);
+    IMGUI_API ImU32         ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(const ImVec4& in);
+    IMGUI_API void          ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(float r, float g, float b, float& out_h, float& out_s, float& out_v);
+    IMGUI_API void          ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(float h, float s, float v, float& out_r, float& out_g, float& out_b);
+
+    // Inputs Utilities: Keyboard/Mouse/Gamepad
+    // - the ImGuiKey enum contains all possible keyboard, mouse and gamepad inputs (e.g. ImGuiKey_A, ImGuiKey_MouseLeft, ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadUp...).
+    // - before v1.87, we used ImGuiKey to carry native/user indices as defined by each backends. About use of those legacy ImGuiKey values:
+    //  - without IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO (legacy support): you can still use your legacy native/user indices (< 512) according to how your backend/engine stored them in io.KeysDown[], but need to cast them to ImGuiKey.
+    //  - with    IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO (this is the way forward): any use of ImGuiKey will assert with key < 512. GetKeyIndex() is pass-through and therefore deprecated (gone if IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO is defined).
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey key);                                            // is key being held.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey key, bool repeat = true);                     // was key pressed (went from !Down to Down)? if repeat=true, uses io.KeyRepeatDelay / KeyRepeatRate
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsKeyReleased(ImGuiKey key);                                        // was key released (went from Down to !Down)?
+    IMGUI_API int           GetKeyPressedAmount(ImGuiKey key, float repeat_delay, float rate);  // uses provided repeat rate/delay. return a count, most often 0 or 1 but might be >1 if RepeatRate is small enough that DeltaTime > RepeatRate
+    IMGUI_API const char*   GetKeyName(ImGuiKey key);                                           // [DEBUG] returns English name of the key. Those names a provided for debugging purpose and are not meant to be saved persistently not compared.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextFrameWantCaptureKeyboard(bool want_capture_keyboard);        // Override io.WantCaptureKeyboard flag next frame (said flag is left for your application to handle, typically when true it instructs your app to ignore inputs). e.g. force capture keyboard when your widget is being hovered. This is equivalent to setting "io.WantCaptureKeyboard = want_capture_keyboard"; after the next NewFrame() call.
+
+    // Inputs Utilities: Mouse specific
+    // - To refer to a mouse button, you may use named enums in your code e.g. ImGuiMouseButton_Left, ImGuiMouseButton_Right.
+    // - You can also use regular integer: it is forever guaranteed that 0=Left, 1=Right, 2=Middle.
+    // - Dragging operations are only reported after mouse has moved a certain distance away from the initial clicking position (see 'lock_threshold' and 'io.MouseDraggingThreshold')
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMouseDown(ImGuiMouseButton button);                               // is mouse button held?
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMouseClicked(ImGuiMouseButton button, bool repeat = false);       // did mouse button clicked? (went from !Down to Down). Same as GetMouseClickedCount() == 1.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton button);                           // did mouse button released? (went from Down to !Down)
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMouseDoubleClicked(ImGuiMouseButton button);                      // did mouse button double-clicked? Same as GetMouseClickedCount() == 2. (note that a double-click will also report IsMouseClicked() == true)
+    IMGUI_API int           GetMouseClickedCount(ImGuiMouseButton button);                      // return the number of successive mouse-clicks at the time where a click happen (otherwise 0).
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMouseHoveringRect(const ImVec2& r_min, const ImVec2& r_max, bool clip = true);// is mouse hovering given bounding rect (in screen space). clipped by current clipping settings, but disregarding of other consideration of focus/window ordering/popup-block.
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMousePosValid(const ImVec2* mouse_pos = NULL);                    // by convention we use (-FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX) to denote that there is no mouse available
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsAnyMouseDown();                                                   // [WILL OBSOLETE] is any mouse button held? This was designed for backends, but prefer having backend maintain a mask of held mouse buttons, because upcoming input queue system will make this invalid.
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetMousePos();                                                      // shortcut to ImGui::GetIO().MousePos provided by user, to be consistent with other calls
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetMousePosOnOpeningCurrentPopup();                                 // retrieve mouse position at the time of opening popup we have BeginPopup() into (helper to avoid user backing that value themselves)
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMouseDragging(ImGuiMouseButton button, float lock_threshold = -1.0f);         // is mouse dragging? (if lock_threshold < -1.0f, uses io.MouseDraggingThreshold)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetMouseDragDelta(ImGuiMouseButton button = 0, float lock_threshold = -1.0f);   // return the delta from the initial clicking position while the mouse button is pressed or was just released. This is locked and return 0.0f until the mouse moves past a distance threshold at least once (if lock_threshold < -1.0f, uses io.MouseDraggingThreshold)
+    IMGUI_API void          ResetMouseDragDelta(ImGuiMouseButton button = 0);                   //
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiMouseCursor GetMouseCursor();                                                // get desired mouse cursor shape. Important: reset in ImGui::NewFrame(), this is updated during the frame. valid before Render(). If you use software rendering by setting io.MouseDrawCursor ImGui will render those for you
+    IMGUI_API void          SetMouseCursor(ImGuiMouseCursor cursor_type);                       // set desired mouse cursor shape
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNextFrameWantCaptureMouse(bool want_capture_mouse);              // Override io.WantCaptureMouse flag next frame (said flag is left for your application to handle, typical when true it instucts your app to ignore inputs). This is equivalent to setting "io.WantCaptureMouse = want_capture_mouse;" after the next NewFrame() call.
+
+    // Clipboard Utilities
+    // - Also see the LogToClipboard() function to capture GUI into clipboard, or easily output text data to the clipboard.
+    IMGUI_API const char*   GetClipboardText();
+    IMGUI_API void          SetClipboardText(const char* text);
+
+    // Settings/.Ini Utilities
+    // - The disk functions are automatically called if io.IniFilename != NULL (default is "imgui.ini").
+    // - Set io.IniFilename to NULL to load/save manually. Read io.WantSaveIniSettings description about handling .ini saving manually.
+    // - Important: default value "imgui.ini" is relative to current working dir! Most apps will want to lock this to an absolute path (e.g. same path as executables).
+    IMGUI_API void          LoadIniSettingsFromDisk(const char* ini_filename);                  // call after CreateContext() and before the first call to NewFrame(). NewFrame() automatically calls LoadIniSettingsFromDisk(io.IniFilename).
+    IMGUI_API void          LoadIniSettingsFromMemory(const char* ini_data, size_t ini_size=0); // call after CreateContext() and before the first call to NewFrame() to provide .ini data from your own data source.
+    IMGUI_API void          SaveIniSettingsToDisk(const char* ini_filename);                    // this is automatically called (if io.IniFilename is not empty) a few seconds after any modification that should be reflected in the .ini file (and also by DestroyContext).
+    IMGUI_API const char*   SaveIniSettingsToMemory(size_t* out_ini_size = NULL);               // return a zero-terminated string with the .ini data which you can save by your own mean. call when io.WantSaveIniSettings is set, then save data by your own mean and clear io.WantSaveIniSettings.
+
+    // Debug Utilities
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugTextEncoding(const char* text);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DebugCheckVersionAndDataLayout(const char* version_str, size_t sz_io, size_t sz_style, size_t sz_vec2, size_t sz_vec4, size_t sz_drawvert, size_t sz_drawidx); // This is called by IMGUI_CHECKVERSION() macro.
+
+    // Memory Allocators
+    // - Those functions are not reliant on the current context.
+    // - DLL users: heaps and globals are not shared across DLL boundaries! You will need to call SetCurrentContext() + SetAllocatorFunctions()
+    //   for each static/DLL boundary you are calling from. Read "Context and Memory Allocators" section of imgui.cpp for more details.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetAllocatorFunctions(ImGuiMemAllocFunc alloc_func, ImGuiMemFreeFunc free_func, void* user_data = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          GetAllocatorFunctions(ImGuiMemAllocFunc* p_alloc_func, ImGuiMemFreeFunc* p_free_func, void** p_user_data);
+    IMGUI_API void*         MemAlloc(size_t size);
+    IMGUI_API void          MemFree(void* ptr);
+
+    // (Optional) Platform/OS interface for multi-viewport support
+    // Read comments around the ImGuiPlatformIO structure for more details.
+    // Note: You may use GetWindowViewport() to get the current viewport of the current window.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiPlatformIO&  GetPlatformIO();                                                // platform/renderer functions, for backend to setup + viewports list.
+    IMGUI_API void              UpdatePlatformWindows();                                        // call in main loop. will call CreateWindow/ResizeWindow/etc. platform functions for each secondary viewport, and DestroyWindow for each inactive viewport.
+    IMGUI_API void              RenderPlatformWindowsDefault(void* platform_render_arg = NULL, void* renderer_render_arg = NULL); // call in main loop. will call RenderWindow/SwapBuffers platform functions for each secondary viewport which doesn't have the ImGuiViewportFlags_Minimized flag set. May be reimplemented by user for custom rendering needs.
+    IMGUI_API void              DestroyPlatformWindows();                                       // call DestroyWindow platform functions for all viewports. call from backend Shutdown() if you need to close platform windows before imgui shutdown. otherwise will be called by DestroyContext().
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiViewport*    FindViewportByID(ImGuiID id);                                   // this is a helper for backends.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiViewport*    FindViewportByPlatformHandle(void* platform_handle);            // this is a helper for backends. the type platform_handle is decided by the backend (e.g. HWND, MyWindow*, GLFWwindow* etc.)
+
+} // namespace ImGui
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Flags & Enumerations
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Flags for ImGui::Begin()
+// (Those are per-window flags. There are shared flags in ImGuiIO: io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges and io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly)
+enum ImGuiWindowFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_None                   = 0,
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar             = 1 << 0,   // Disable title-bar
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize               = 1 << 1,   // Disable user resizing with the lower-right grip
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove                 = 1 << 2,   // Disable user moving the window
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar            = 1 << 3,   // Disable scrollbars (window can still scroll with mouse or programmatically)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse      = 1 << 4,   // Disable user vertically scrolling with mouse wheel. On child window, mouse wheel will be forwarded to the parent unless NoScrollbar is also set.
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse             = 1 << 5,   // Disable user collapsing window by double-clicking on it. Also referred to as Window Menu Button (e.g. within a docking node).
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize       = 1 << 6,   // Resize every window to its content every frame
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground           = 1 << 7,   // Disable drawing background color (WindowBg, etc.) and outside border. Similar as using SetNextWindowBgAlpha(0.0f).
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings        = 1 << 8,   // Never load/save settings in .ini file
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs          = 1 << 9,   // Disable catching mouse, hovering test with pass through.
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar                = 1 << 10,  // Has a menu-bar
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar    = 1 << 11,  // Allow horizontal scrollbar to appear (off by default). You may use SetNextWindowContentSize(ImVec2(width,0.0f)); prior to calling Begin() to specify width. Read code in imgui_demo in the "Horizontal Scrolling" section.
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing     = 1 << 12,  // Disable taking focus when transitioning from hidden to visible state
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus  = 1 << 13,  // Disable bringing window to front when taking focus (e.g. clicking on it or programmatically giving it focus)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysVerticalScrollbar= 1 << 14,  // Always show vertical scrollbar (even if ContentSize.y < Size.y)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysHorizontalScrollbar=1<< 15,  // Always show horizontal scrollbar (even if ContentSize.x < Size.x)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysUseWindowPadding = 1 << 16,  // Ensure child windows without border uses style.WindowPadding (ignored by default for non-bordered child windows, because more convenient)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs            = 1 << 18,  // No gamepad/keyboard navigation within the window
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus             = 1 << 19,  // No focusing toward this window with gamepad/keyboard navigation (e.g. skipped by CTRL+TAB)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument        = 1 << 20,  // Display a dot next to the title. When used in a tab/docking context, tab is selected when clicking the X + closure is not assumed (will wait for user to stop submitting the tab). Otherwise closure is assumed when pressing the X, so if you keep submitting the tab may reappear at end of tab bar.
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking              = 1 << 21,  // Disable docking of this window
+
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNav                  = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus,
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration           = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse,
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs               = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMouseInputs | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus,
+
+    // [Internal]
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened           = 1 << 23,  // [BETA] On child window: allow gamepad/keyboard navigation to cross over parent border to this child or between sibling child windows.
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow            = 1 << 24,  // Don't use! For internal use by BeginChild()
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_Tooltip                = 1 << 25,  // Don't use! For internal use by BeginTooltip()
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup                  = 1 << 26,  // Don't use! For internal use by BeginPopup()
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_Modal                  = 1 << 27,  // Don't use! For internal use by BeginPopupModal()
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu              = 1 << 28,  // Don't use! For internal use by BeginMenu()
+    ImGuiWindowFlags_DockNodeHost           = 1 << 29,  // Don't use! For internal use by Begin()/NewFrame()
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::InputText()
+// (Those are per-item flags. There are shared flags in ImGuiIO: io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink and io.ConfigInputTextEnterKeepActive)
+enum ImGuiInputTextFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_None                = 0,
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsDecimal        = 1 << 0,   // Allow 0123456789.+-*/
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal    = 1 << 1,   // Allow 0123456789ABCDEFabcdef
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase      = 1 << 2,   // Turn a..z into A..Z
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsNoBlank        = 1 << 3,   // Filter out spaces, tabs
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_AutoSelectAll       = 1 << 4,   // Select entire text when first taking mouse focus
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue    = 1 << 5,   // Return 'true' when Enter is pressed (as opposed to every time the value was modified). Consider looking at the IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit() function.
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion  = 1 << 6,   // Callback on pressing TAB (for completion handling)
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory     = 1 << 7,   // Callback on pressing Up/Down arrows (for history handling)
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackAlways      = 1 << 8,   // Callback on each iteration. User code may query cursor position, modify text buffer.
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter  = 1 << 9,   // Callback on character inputs to replace or discard them. Modify 'EventChar' to replace or discard, or return 1 in callback to discard.
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput       = 1 << 10,  // Pressing TAB input a '\t' character into the text field
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CtrlEnterForNewLine = 1 << 11,  // In multi-line mode, unfocus with Enter, add new line with Ctrl+Enter (default is opposite: unfocus with Ctrl+Enter, add line with Enter).
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoHorizontalScroll  = 1 << 12,  // Disable following the cursor horizontally
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysOverwrite     = 1 << 13,  // Overwrite mode
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly            = 1 << 14,  // Read-only mode
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password            = 1 << 15,  // Password mode, display all characters as '*'
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoUndoRedo          = 1 << 16,  // Disable undo/redo. Note that input text owns the text data while active, if you want to provide your own undo/redo stack you need e.g. to call ClearActiveID().
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific     = 1 << 17,  // Allow 0123456789.+-*/eE (Scientific notation input)
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize      = 1 << 18,  // Callback on buffer capacity changes request (beyond 'buf_size' parameter value), allowing the string to grow. Notify when the string wants to be resized (for string types which hold a cache of their Size). You will be provided a new BufSize in the callback and NEED to honor it. (see misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h for an example of using this)
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackEdit        = 1 << 19,  // Callback on any edit (note that InputText() already returns true on edit, the callback is useful mainly to manipulate the underlying buffer while focus is active)
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_EscapeClearsAll     = 1 << 20,  // Escape key clears content if not empty, and deactivate otherwise (contrast to default behavior of Escape to revert)
+
+    // Obsolete names
+    //ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysInsertMode  = ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysOverwrite   // [renamed in 1.82] name was not matching behavior
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::TreeNodeEx(), ImGui::CollapsingHeader*()
+enum ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_None                 = 0,
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Selected             = 1 << 0,   // Draw as selected
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Framed               = 1 << 1,   // Draw frame with background (e.g. for CollapsingHeader)
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap     = 1 << 2,   // Hit testing to allow subsequent widgets to overlap this one
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen     = 1 << 3,   // Don't do a TreePush() when open (e.g. for CollapsingHeader) = no extra indent nor pushing on ID stack
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoAutoOpenOnLog      = 1 << 4,   // Don't automatically and temporarily open node when Logging is active (by default logging will automatically open tree nodes)
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen          = 1 << 5,   // Default node to be open
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick    = 1 << 6,   // Need double-click to open node
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnArrow          = 1 << 7,   // Only open when clicking on the arrow part. If ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick is also set, single-click arrow or double-click all box to open.
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf                 = 1 << 8,   // No collapsing, no arrow (use as a convenience for leaf nodes).
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Bullet               = 1 << 9,   // Display a bullet instead of arrow
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_FramePadding         = 1 << 10,  // Use FramePadding (even for an unframed text node) to vertically align text baseline to regular widget height. Equivalent to calling AlignTextToFramePadding().
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanAvailWidth       = 1 << 11,  // Extend hit box to the right-most edge, even if not framed. This is not the default in order to allow adding other items on the same line. In the future we may refactor the hit system to be front-to-back, allowing natural overlaps and then this can become the default.
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth        = 1 << 12,  // Extend hit box to the left-most and right-most edges (bypass the indented area).
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NavLeftJumpsBackHere = 1 << 13,  // (WIP) Nav: left direction may move to this TreeNode() from any of its child (items submitted between TreeNode and TreePop)
+    //ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoScrollOnOpen     = 1 << 14,  // FIXME: TODO: Disable automatic scroll on TreePop() if node got just open and contents is not visible
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_CollapsingHeader     = ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Framed | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoAutoOpenOnLog,
+};
+
+// Flags for OpenPopup*(), BeginPopupContext*(), IsPopupOpen() functions.
+// - To be backward compatible with older API which took an 'int mouse_button = 1' argument, we need to treat
+//   small flags values as a mouse button index, so we encode the mouse button in the first few bits of the flags.
+//   It is therefore guaranteed to be legal to pass a mouse button index in ImGuiPopupFlags.
+// - For the same reason, we exceptionally default the ImGuiPopupFlags argument of BeginPopupContextXXX functions to 1 instead of 0.
+//   IMPORTANT: because the default parameter is 1 (==ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight), if you rely on the default parameter
+//   and want to use another flag, you need to pass in the ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight flag explicitly.
+// - Multiple buttons currently cannot be combined/or-ed in those functions (we could allow it later).
+enum ImGuiPopupFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_None                    = 0,
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonLeft         = 0,        // For BeginPopupContext*(): open on Left Mouse release. Guaranteed to always be == 0 (same as ImGuiMouseButton_Left)
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight        = 1,        // For BeginPopupContext*(): open on Right Mouse release. Guaranteed to always be == 1 (same as ImGuiMouseButton_Right)
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonMiddle       = 2,        // For BeginPopupContext*(): open on Middle Mouse release. Guaranteed to always be == 2 (same as ImGuiMouseButton_Middle)
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonMask_        = 0x1F,
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonDefault_     = 1,
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOpenOverExistingPopup = 1 << 5,   // For OpenPopup*(), BeginPopupContext*(): don't open if there's already a popup at the same level of the popup stack
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOpenOverItems         = 1 << 6,   // For BeginPopupContextWindow(): don't return true when hovering items, only when hovering empty space
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId              = 1 << 7,   // For IsPopupOpen(): ignore the ImGuiID parameter and test for any popup.
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel           = 1 << 8,   // For IsPopupOpen(): search/test at any level of the popup stack (default test in the current level)
+    ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopup                = ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupId | ImGuiPopupFlags_AnyPopupLevel,
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::Selectable()
+enum ImGuiSelectableFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_None               = 0,
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_DontClosePopups    = 1 << 0,   // Clicking this doesn't close parent popup window
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns     = 1 << 1,   // Selectable frame can span all columns (text will still fit in current column)
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowDoubleClick   = 1 << 2,   // Generate press events on double clicks too
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_Disabled           = 1 << 3,   // Cannot be selected, display grayed out text
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowItemOverlap   = 1 << 4,   // (WIP) Hit testing to allow subsequent widgets to overlap this one
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::BeginCombo()
+enum ImGuiComboFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiComboFlags_None                    = 0,
+    ImGuiComboFlags_PopupAlignLeft          = 1 << 0,   // Align the popup toward the left by default
+    ImGuiComboFlags_HeightSmall             = 1 << 1,   // Max ~4 items visible. Tip: If you want your combo popup to be a specific size you can use SetNextWindowSizeConstraints() prior to calling BeginCombo()
+    ImGuiComboFlags_HeightRegular           = 1 << 2,   // Max ~8 items visible (default)
+    ImGuiComboFlags_HeightLarge             = 1 << 3,   // Max ~20 items visible
+    ImGuiComboFlags_HeightLargest           = 1 << 4,   // As many fitting items as possible
+    ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton           = 1 << 5,   // Display on the preview box without the square arrow button
+    ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview               = 1 << 6,   // Display only a square arrow button
+    ImGuiComboFlags_HeightMask_             = ImGuiComboFlags_HeightSmall | ImGuiComboFlags_HeightRegular | ImGuiComboFlags_HeightLarge | ImGuiComboFlags_HeightLargest,
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::BeginTabBar()
+enum ImGuiTabBarFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_None                           = 0,
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable                    = 1 << 0,   // Allow manually dragging tabs to re-order them + New tabs are appended at the end of list
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_AutoSelectNewTabs              = 1 << 1,   // Automatically select new tabs when they appear
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_TabListPopupButton             = 1 << 2,   // Disable buttons to open the tab list popup
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton   = 1 << 3,   // Disable behavior of closing tabs (that are submitted with p_open != NULL) with middle mouse button. You can still repro this behavior on user's side with if (IsItemHovered() && IsMouseClicked(2)) *p_open = false.
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoTabListScrollingButtons      = 1 << 4,   // Disable scrolling buttons (apply when fitting policy is ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll)
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoTooltip                      = 1 << 5,   // Disable tooltips when hovering a tab
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown        = 1 << 6,   // Resize tabs when they don't fit
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll            = 1 << 7,   // Add scroll buttons when tabs don't fit
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyMask_             = ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown | ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll,
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyDefault_          = ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown,
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::BeginTabItem()
+enum ImGuiTabItemFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_None                          = 0,
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument               = 1 << 0,   // Display a dot next to the title + tab is selected when clicking the X + closure is not assumed (will wait for user to stop submitting the tab). Otherwise closure is assumed when pressing the X, so if you keep submitting the tab may reappear at end of tab bar.
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_SetSelected                   = 1 << 1,   // Trigger flag to programmatically make the tab selected when calling BeginTabItem()
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton  = 1 << 2,   // Disable behavior of closing tabs (that are submitted with p_open != NULL) with middle mouse button. You can still repro this behavior on user's side with if (IsItemHovered() && IsMouseClicked(2)) *p_open = false.
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoPushId                      = 1 << 3,   // Don't call PushID(tab->ID)/PopID() on BeginTabItem()/EndTabItem()
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoTooltip                     = 1 << 4,   // Disable tooltip for the given tab
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoReorder                     = 1 << 5,   // Disable reordering this tab or having another tab cross over this tab
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_Leading                       = 1 << 6,   // Enforce the tab position to the left of the tab bar (after the tab list popup button)
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing                      = 1 << 7,   // Enforce the tab position to the right of the tab bar (before the scrolling buttons)
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::BeginTable()
+// - Important! Sizing policies have complex and subtle side effects, much more so than you would expect.
+//   Read comments/demos carefully + experiment with live demos to get acquainted with them.
+// - The DEFAULT sizing policies are:
+//    - Default to ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit    if ScrollX is on, or if host window has ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize.
+//    - Default to ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame if ScrollX is off.
+// - When ScrollX is off:
+//    - Table defaults to ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame -> all Columns defaults to ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch with same weight.
+//    - Columns sizing policy allowed: Stretch (default), Fixed/Auto.
+//    - Fixed Columns (if any) will generally obtain their requested width (unless the table cannot fit them all).
+//    - Stretch Columns will share the remaining width according to their respective weight.
+//    - Mixed Fixed/Stretch columns is possible but has various side-effects on resizing behaviors.
+//      The typical use of mixing sizing policies is: any number of LEADING Fixed columns, followed by one or two TRAILING Stretch columns.
+//      (this is because the visible order of columns have subtle but necessary effects on how they react to manual resizing).
+// - When ScrollX is on:
+//    - Table defaults to ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit -> all Columns defaults to ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed
+//    - Columns sizing policy allowed: Fixed/Auto mostly.
+//    - Fixed Columns can be enlarged as needed. Table will show a horizontal scrollbar if needed.
+//    - When using auto-resizing (non-resizable) fixed columns, querying the content width to use item right-alignment e.g. SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN) doesn't make sense, would create a feedback loop.
+//    - Using Stretch columns OFTEN DOES NOT MAKE SENSE if ScrollX is on, UNLESS you have specified a value for 'inner_width' in BeginTable().
+//      If you specify a value for 'inner_width' then effectively the scrolling space is known and Stretch or mixed Fixed/Stretch columns become meaningful again.
+// - Read on documentation at the top of imgui_tables.cpp for details.
+enum ImGuiTableFlags_
+{
+    // Features
+    ImGuiTableFlags_None                       = 0,
+    ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable                  = 1 << 0,   // Enable resizing columns.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable                = 1 << 1,   // Enable reordering columns in header row (need calling TableSetupColumn() + TableHeadersRow() to display headers)
+    ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable                   = 1 << 2,   // Enable hiding/disabling columns in context menu.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable                   = 1 << 3,   // Enable sorting. Call TableGetSortSpecs() to obtain sort specs. Also see ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti and ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings            = 1 << 4,   // Disable persisting columns order, width and sort settings in the .ini file.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody          = 1 << 5,   // Right-click on columns body/contents will display table context menu. By default it is available in TableHeadersRow().
+    // Decorations
+    ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg                      = 1 << 6,   // Set each RowBg color with ImGuiCol_TableRowBg or ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt (equivalent of calling TableSetBgColor with ImGuiTableBgFlags_RowBg0 on each row manually)
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH              = 1 << 7,   // Draw horizontal borders between rows.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH              = 1 << 8,   // Draw horizontal borders at the top and bottom.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV              = 1 << 9,   // Draw vertical borders between columns.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV              = 1 << 10,  // Draw vertical borders on the left and right sides.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersH                   = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH, // Draw horizontal borders.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV                   = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV, // Draw vertical borders.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInner               = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH, // Draw inner borders.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter               = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH, // Draw outer borders.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_Borders                    = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInner | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter,   // Draw all borders.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody            = 1 << 11,  // [ALPHA] Disable vertical borders in columns Body (borders will always appear in Headers). -> May move to style
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize = 1 << 12,  // [ALPHA] Disable vertical borders in columns Body until hovered for resize (borders will always appear in Headers). -> May move to style
+    // Sizing Policy (read above for defaults)
+    ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit             = 1 << 13,  // Columns default to _WidthFixed or _WidthAuto (if resizable or not resizable), matching contents width.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame            = 2 << 13,  // Columns default to _WidthFixed or _WidthAuto (if resizable or not resizable), matching the maximum contents width of all columns. Implicitly enable ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp          = 3 << 13,  // Columns default to _WidthStretch with default weights proportional to each columns contents widths.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame          = 4 << 13,  // Columns default to _WidthStretch with default weights all equal, unless overridden by TableSetupColumn().
+    // Sizing Extra Options
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX              = 1 << 16,  // Make outer width auto-fit to columns, overriding outer_size.x value. Only available when ScrollX/ScrollY are disabled and Stretch columns are not used.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY              = 1 << 17,  // Make outer height stop exactly at outer_size.y (prevent auto-extending table past the limit). Only available when ScrollX/ScrollY are disabled. Data below the limit will be clipped and not visible.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible       = 1 << 18,  // Disable keeping column always minimally visible when ScrollX is off and table gets too small. Not recommended if columns are resizable.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_PreciseWidths              = 1 << 19,  // Disable distributing remainder width to stretched columns (width allocation on a 100-wide table with 3 columns: Without this flag: 33,33,34. With this flag: 33,33,33). With larger number of columns, resizing will appear to be less smooth.
+    // Clipping
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip                     = 1 << 20,  // Disable clipping rectangle for every individual columns (reduce draw command count, items will be able to overflow into other columns). Generally incompatible with TableSetupScrollFreeze().
+    // Padding
+    ImGuiTableFlags_PadOuterX                  = 1 << 21,  // Default if BordersOuterV is on. Enable outermost padding. Generally desirable if you have headers.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadOuterX                = 1 << 22,  // Default if BordersOuterV is off. Disable outermost padding.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadInnerX                = 1 << 23,  // Disable inner padding between columns (double inner padding if BordersOuterV is on, single inner padding if BordersOuterV is off).
+    // Scrolling
+    ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX                    = 1 << 24,  // Enable horizontal scrolling. Require 'outer_size' parameter of BeginTable() to specify the container size. Changes default sizing policy. Because this creates a child window, ScrollY is currently generally recommended when using ScrollX.
+    ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY                    = 1 << 25,  // Enable vertical scrolling. Require 'outer_size' parameter of BeginTable() to specify the container size.
+    // Sorting
+    ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti                  = 1 << 26,  // Hold shift when clicking headers to sort on multiple column. TableGetSortSpecs() may return specs where (SpecsCount > 1).
+    ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate               = 1 << 27,  // Allow no sorting, disable default sorting. TableGetSortSpecs() may return specs where (SpecsCount == 0).
+
+    // [Internal] Combinations and masks
+    ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_                = ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame,
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::TableSetupColumn()
+enum ImGuiTableColumnFlags_
+{
+    // Input configuration flags
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None                  = 0,
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_Disabled              = 1 << 0,   // Overriding/master disable flag: hide column, won't show in context menu (unlike calling TableSetColumnEnabled() which manipulates the user accessible state)
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide           = 1 << 1,   // Default as a hidden/disabled column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort           = 1 << 2,   // Default as a sorting column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch          = 1 << 3,   // Column will stretch. Preferable with horizontal scrolling disabled (default if table sizing policy is _SizingStretchSame or _SizingStretchProp).
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed            = 1 << 4,   // Column will not stretch. Preferable with horizontal scrolling enabled (default if table sizing policy is _SizingFixedFit and table is resizable).
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize              = 1 << 5,   // Disable manual resizing.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoReorder             = 1 << 6,   // Disable manual reordering this column, this will also prevent other columns from crossing over this column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHide                = 1 << 7,   // Disable ability to hide/disable this column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoClip                = 1 << 8,   // Disable clipping for this column (all NoClip columns will render in a same draw command).
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort                = 1 << 9,   // Disable ability to sort on this field (even if ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable is set on the table).
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortAscending       = 1 << 10,  // Disable ability to sort in the ascending direction.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortDescending      = 1 << 11,  // Disable ability to sort in the descending direction.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHeaderLabel         = 1 << 12,  // TableHeadersRow() will not submit label for this column. Convenient for some small columns. Name will still appear in context menu.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHeaderWidth         = 1 << 13,  // Disable header text width contribution to automatic column width.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortAscending   = 1 << 14,  // Make the initial sort direction Ascending when first sorting on this column (default).
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending  = 1 << 15,  // Make the initial sort direction Descending when first sorting on this column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentEnable          = 1 << 16,  // Use current Indent value when entering cell (default for column 0).
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentDisable         = 1 << 17,  // Ignore current Indent value when entering cell (default for columns > 0). Indentation changes _within_ the cell will still be honored.
+
+    // Output status flags, read-only via TableGetColumnFlags()
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsEnabled             = 1 << 24,  // Status: is enabled == not hidden by user/api (referred to as "Hide" in _DefaultHide and _NoHide) flags.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsVisible             = 1 << 25,  // Status: is visible == is enabled AND not clipped by scrolling.
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsSorted              = 1 << 26,  // Status: is currently part of the sort specs
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered             = 1 << 27,  // Status: is hovered by mouse
+
+    // [Internal] Combinations and masks
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthMask_            = ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed,
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentMask_           = ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentEnable | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentDisable,
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_StatusMask_           = ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsEnabled | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsVisible | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsSorted | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered,
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoDirectResize_       = 1 << 30,  // [Internal] Disable user resizing this column directly (it may however we resized indirectly from its left edge)
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::TableNextRow()
+enum ImGuiTableRowFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiTableRowFlags_None                     = 0,
+    ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers                  = 1 << 0,   // Identify header row (set default background color + width of its contents accounted differently for auto column width)
+};
+
+// Enum for ImGui::TableSetBgColor()
+// Background colors are rendering in 3 layers:
+//  - Layer 0: draw with RowBg0 color if set, otherwise draw with ColumnBg0 if set.
+//  - Layer 1: draw with RowBg1 color if set, otherwise draw with ColumnBg1 if set.
+//  - Layer 2: draw with CellBg color if set.
+// The purpose of the two row/columns layers is to let you decide if a background color change should override or blend with the existing color.
+// When using ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg on the table, each row has the RowBg0 color automatically set for odd/even rows.
+// If you set the color of RowBg0 target, your color will override the existing RowBg0 color.
+// If you set the color of RowBg1 or ColumnBg1 target, your color will blend over the RowBg0 color.
+enum ImGuiTableBgTarget_
+{
+    ImGuiTableBgTarget_None                     = 0,
+    ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBg0                   = 1,        // Set row background color 0 (generally used for background, automatically set when ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg is used)
+    ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBg1                   = 2,        // Set row background color 1 (generally used for selection marking)
+    ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg                   = 3,        // Set cell background color (top-most color)
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::IsWindowFocused()
+enum ImGuiFocusedFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiFocusedFlags_None                          = 0,
+    ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows                  = 1 << 0,   // Return true if any children of the window is focused
+    ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow                    = 1 << 1,   // Test from root window (top most parent of the current hierarchy)
+    ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow                     = 1 << 2,   // Return true if any window is focused. Important: If you are trying to tell how to dispatch your low-level inputs, do NOT use this. Use 'io.WantCaptureMouse' instead! Please read the FAQ!
+    ImGuiFocusedFlags_NoPopupHierarchy              = 1 << 3,   // Do not consider popup hierarchy (do not treat popup emitter as parent of popup) (when used with _ChildWindows or _RootWindow)
+    ImGuiFocusedFlags_DockHierarchy                 = 1 << 4,   // Consider docking hierarchy (treat dockspace host as parent of docked window) (when used with _ChildWindows or _RootWindow)
+    ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootAndChildWindows           = ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows,
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::IsItemHovered(), ImGui::IsWindowHovered()
+// Note: if you are trying to check whether your mouse should be dispatched to Dear ImGui or to your app, you should use 'io.WantCaptureMouse' instead! Please read the FAQ!
+// Note: windows with the ImGuiWindowFlags_NoInputs flag are ignored by IsWindowHovered() calls.
+enum ImGuiHoveredFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_None                          = 0,        // Return true if directly over the item/window, not obstructed by another window, not obstructed by an active popup or modal blocking inputs under them.
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows                  = 1 << 0,   // IsWindowHovered() only: Return true if any children of the window is hovered
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow                    = 1 << 1,   // IsWindowHovered() only: Test from root window (top most parent of the current hierarchy)
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow                     = 1 << 2,   // IsWindowHovered() only: Return true if any window is hovered
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoPopupHierarchy              = 1 << 3,   // IsWindowHovered() only: Do not consider popup hierarchy (do not treat popup emitter as parent of popup) (when used with _ChildWindows or _RootWindow)
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_DockHierarchy                 = 1 << 4,   // IsWindowHovered() only: Consider docking hierarchy (treat dockspace host as parent of docked window) (when used with _ChildWindows or _RootWindow)
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup       = 1 << 5,   // Return true even if a popup window is normally blocking access to this item/window
+    //ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByModal     = 1 << 6,   // Return true even if a modal popup window is normally blocking access to this item/window. FIXME-TODO: Unavailable yet.
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem  = 1 << 7,   // Return true even if an active item is blocking access to this item/window. Useful for Drag and Drop patterns.
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenOverlapped           = 1 << 8,   // IsItemHovered() only: Return true even if the position is obstructed or overlapped by another window
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenDisabled             = 1 << 9,   // IsItemHovered() only: Return true even if the item is disabled
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoNavOverride                 = 1 << 10,  // Disable using gamepad/keyboard navigation state when active, always query mouse.
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_RectOnly                      = ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup | ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem | ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenOverlapped,
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootAndChildWindows           = ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows,
+
+    // Hovering delays (for tooltips)
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayNormal                   = 1 << 11,  // Return true after io.HoverDelayNormal elapsed (~0.30 sec)
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayShort                    = 1 << 12,  // Return true after io.HoverDelayShort elapsed (~0.10 sec)
+    ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoSharedDelay                 = 1 << 13,  // Disable shared delay system where moving from one item to the next keeps the previous timer for a short time (standard for tooltips with long delays)
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::DockSpace(), shared/inherited by child nodes.
+// (Some flags can be applied to individual nodes directly)
+// FIXME-DOCK: Also see ImGuiDockNodeFlagsPrivate_ which may involve using the WIP and internal DockBuilder api.
+enum ImGuiDockNodeFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_None                         = 0,
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly                = 1 << 0,   // Shared       // Don't display the dockspace node but keep it alive. Windows docked into this dockspace node won't be undocked.
+    //ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCentralNode              = 1 << 1,   // Shared       // Disable Central Node (the node which can stay empty)
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingInCentralNode       = 1 << 2,   // Shared       // Disable docking inside the Central Node, which will be always kept empty.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode          = 1 << 3,   // Shared       // Enable passthru dockspace: 1) DockSpace() will render a ImGuiCol_WindowBg background covering everything excepted the Central Node when empty. Meaning the host window should probably use SetNextWindowBgAlpha(0.0f) prior to Begin() when using this. 2) When Central Node is empty: let inputs pass-through + won't display a DockingEmptyBg background. See demo for details.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoSplit                      = 1 << 4,   // Shared/Local // Disable splitting the node into smaller nodes. Useful e.g. when embedding dockspaces into a main root one (the root one may have splitting disabled to reduce confusion). Note: when turned off, existing splits will be preserved.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize                     = 1 << 5,   // Shared/Local // Disable resizing node using the splitter/separators. Useful with programmatically setup dockspaces.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_AutoHideTabBar               = 1 << 6,   // Shared/Local // Tab bar will automatically hide when there is a single window in the dock node.
+};
+
+// Flags for ImGui::BeginDragDropSource(), ImGui::AcceptDragDropPayload()
+enum ImGuiDragDropFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_None                         = 0,
+    // BeginDragDropSource() flags
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoPreviewTooltip       = 1 << 0,   // Disable preview tooltip. By default, a successful call to BeginDragDropSource opens a tooltip so you can display a preview or description of the source contents. This flag disables this behavior.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoDisableHover         = 1 << 1,   // By default, when dragging we clear data so that IsItemHovered() will return false, to avoid subsequent user code submitting tooltips. This flag disables this behavior so you can still call IsItemHovered() on the source item.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoHoldToOpenOthers     = 1 << 2,   // Disable the behavior that allows to open tree nodes and collapsing header by holding over them while dragging a source item.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceAllowNullID            = 1 << 3,   // Allow items such as Text(), Image() that have no unique identifier to be used as drag source, by manufacturing a temporary identifier based on their window-relative position. This is extremely unusual within the dear imgui ecosystem and so we made it explicit.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceExtern                 = 1 << 4,   // External source (from outside of dear imgui), won't attempt to read current item/window info. Will always return true. Only one Extern source can be active simultaneously.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceAutoExpirePayload      = 1 << 5,   // Automatically expire the payload if the source cease to be submitted (otherwise payloads are persisting while being dragged)
+    // AcceptDragDropPayload() flags
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptBeforeDelivery         = 1 << 10,  // AcceptDragDropPayload() will returns true even before the mouse button is released. You can then call IsDelivery() to test if the payload needs to be delivered.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptNoDrawDefaultRect      = 1 << 11,  // Do not draw the default highlight rectangle when hovering over target.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptNoPreviewTooltip       = 1 << 12,  // Request hiding the BeginDragDropSource tooltip from the BeginDragDropTarget site.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptPeekOnly               = ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptBeforeDelivery | ImGuiDragDropFlags_AcceptNoDrawDefaultRect, // For peeking ahead and inspecting the payload before delivery.
+};
+
+// Standard Drag and Drop payload types. You can define you own payload types using short strings. Types starting with '_' are defined by Dear ImGui.
+#define IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_3F     "_COL3F"    // float[3]: Standard type for colors, without alpha. User code may use this type.
+#define IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_4F     "_COL4F"    // float[4]: Standard type for colors. User code may use this type.
+
+// A primary data type
+enum ImGuiDataType_
+{
+    ImGuiDataType_S8,       // signed char / char (with sensible compilers)
+    ImGuiDataType_U8,       // unsigned char
+    ImGuiDataType_S16,      // short
+    ImGuiDataType_U16,      // unsigned short
+    ImGuiDataType_S32,      // int
+    ImGuiDataType_U32,      // unsigned int
+    ImGuiDataType_S64,      // long long / __int64
+    ImGuiDataType_U64,      // unsigned long long / unsigned __int64
+    ImGuiDataType_Float,    // float
+    ImGuiDataType_Double,   // double
+    ImGuiDataType_COUNT
+};
+
+// A cardinal direction
+enum ImGuiDir_
+{
+    ImGuiDir_None    = -1,
+    ImGuiDir_Left    = 0,
+    ImGuiDir_Right   = 1,
+    ImGuiDir_Up      = 2,
+    ImGuiDir_Down    = 3,
+    ImGuiDir_COUNT
+};
+
+// A sorting direction
+enum ImGuiSortDirection_
+{
+    ImGuiSortDirection_None         = 0,
+    ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending    = 1,    // Ascending = 0->9, A->Z etc.
+    ImGuiSortDirection_Descending   = 2     // Descending = 9->0, Z->A etc.
+};
+
+// A key identifier (ImGuiKey_XXX or ImGuiMod_XXX value): can represent Keyboard, Mouse and Gamepad values.
+// All our named keys are >= 512. Keys value 0 to 511 are left unused as legacy native/opaque key values (< 1.87).
+// Since >= 1.89 we increased typing (went from int to enum), some legacy code may need a cast to ImGuiKey.
+// Read details about the 1.87 and 1.89 transition : https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/4921
+// Note that "Keys" related to physical keys and are not the same concept as input "Characters", the later are submitted via io.AddInputCharacter().
+enum ImGuiKey : int
+{
+    // Keyboard
+    ImGuiKey_None = 0,
+    ImGuiKey_Tab = 512,             // == ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN
+    ImGuiKey_LeftArrow,
+    ImGuiKey_RightArrow,
+    ImGuiKey_UpArrow,
+    ImGuiKey_DownArrow,
+    ImGuiKey_PageUp,
+    ImGuiKey_PageDown,
+    ImGuiKey_Home,
+    ImGuiKey_End,
+    ImGuiKey_Insert,
+    ImGuiKey_Delete,
+    ImGuiKey_Backspace,
+    ImGuiKey_Space,
+    ImGuiKey_Enter,
+    ImGuiKey_Escape,
+    ImGuiKey_LeftCtrl, ImGuiKey_LeftShift, ImGuiKey_LeftAlt, ImGuiKey_LeftSuper,
+    ImGuiKey_RightCtrl, ImGuiKey_RightShift, ImGuiKey_RightAlt, ImGuiKey_RightSuper,
+    ImGuiKey_Menu,
+    ImGuiKey_0, ImGuiKey_1, ImGuiKey_2, ImGuiKey_3, ImGuiKey_4, ImGuiKey_5, ImGuiKey_6, ImGuiKey_7, ImGuiKey_8, ImGuiKey_9,
+    ImGuiKey_A, ImGuiKey_B, ImGuiKey_C, ImGuiKey_D, ImGuiKey_E, ImGuiKey_F, ImGuiKey_G, ImGuiKey_H, ImGuiKey_I, ImGuiKey_J,
+    ImGuiKey_K, ImGuiKey_L, ImGuiKey_M, ImGuiKey_N, ImGuiKey_O, ImGuiKey_P, ImGuiKey_Q, ImGuiKey_R, ImGuiKey_S, ImGuiKey_T,
+    ImGuiKey_U, ImGuiKey_V, ImGuiKey_W, ImGuiKey_X, ImGuiKey_Y, ImGuiKey_Z,
+    ImGuiKey_F1, ImGuiKey_F2, ImGuiKey_F3, ImGuiKey_F4, ImGuiKey_F5, ImGuiKey_F6,
+    ImGuiKey_F7, ImGuiKey_F8, ImGuiKey_F9, ImGuiKey_F10, ImGuiKey_F11, ImGuiKey_F12,
+    ImGuiKey_Apostrophe,        // '
+    ImGuiKey_Comma,             // ,
+    ImGuiKey_Minus,             // -
+    ImGuiKey_Period,            // .
+    ImGuiKey_Slash,             // /
+    ImGuiKey_Semicolon,         // ;
+    ImGuiKey_Equal,             // =
+    ImGuiKey_LeftBracket,       // [
+    ImGuiKey_Backslash,         // \ (this text inhibit multiline comment caused by backslash)
+    ImGuiKey_RightBracket,      // ]
+    ImGuiKey_GraveAccent,       // `
+    ImGuiKey_CapsLock,
+    ImGuiKey_ScrollLock,
+    ImGuiKey_NumLock,
+    ImGuiKey_PrintScreen,
+    ImGuiKey_Pause,
+    ImGuiKey_Keypad0, ImGuiKey_Keypad1, ImGuiKey_Keypad2, ImGuiKey_Keypad3, ImGuiKey_Keypad4,
+    ImGuiKey_Keypad5, ImGuiKey_Keypad6, ImGuiKey_Keypad7, ImGuiKey_Keypad8, ImGuiKey_Keypad9,
+    ImGuiKey_KeypadDecimal,
+    ImGuiKey_KeypadDivide,
+    ImGuiKey_KeypadMultiply,
+    ImGuiKey_KeypadSubtract,
+    ImGuiKey_KeypadAdd,
+    ImGuiKey_KeypadEnter,
+    ImGuiKey_KeypadEqual,
+
+    // Gamepad (some of those are analog values, 0.0f to 1.0f)                          // NAVIGATION ACTION
+    // (download controller mapping PNG/PSD at http://dearimgui.com/controls_sheets)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadStart,          // Menu (Xbox)      + (Switch)   Start/Options (PS)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadBack,           // View (Xbox)      - (Switch)   Share (PS)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceLeft,       // X (Xbox)         Y (Switch)   Square (PS)        // Tap: Toggle Menu. Hold: Windowing mode (Focus/Move/Resize windows)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceRight,      // B (Xbox)         A (Switch)   Circle (PS)        // Cancel / Close / Exit
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceUp,         // Y (Xbox)         X (Switch)   Triangle (PS)      // Text Input / On-screen Keyboard
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceDown,       // A (Xbox)         B (Switch)   Cross (PS)         // Activate / Open / Toggle / Tweak
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadLeft,       // D-pad Left                                       // Move / Tweak / Resize Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadRight,      // D-pad Right                                      // Move / Tweak / Resize Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadUp,         // D-pad Up                                         // Move / Tweak / Resize Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadDpadDown,       // D-pad Down                                       // Move / Tweak / Resize Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadL1,             // L Bumper (Xbox)  L (Switch)   L1 (PS)            // Tweak Slower / Focus Previous (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadR1,             // R Bumper (Xbox)  R (Switch)   R1 (PS)            // Tweak Faster / Focus Next (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadL2,             // L Trig. (Xbox)   ZL (Switch)  L2 (PS) [Analog]
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadR2,             // R Trig. (Xbox)   ZR (Switch)  R2 (PS) [Analog]
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadL3,             // L Stick (Xbox)   L3 (Switch)  L3 (PS)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadR3,             // R Stick (Xbox)   R3 (Switch)  R3 (PS)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickLeft,     // [Analog]                                         // Move Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickRight,    // [Analog]                                         // Move Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickUp,       // [Analog]                                         // Move Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadLStickDown,     // [Analog]                                         // Move Window (in Windowing mode)
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadRStickLeft,     // [Analog]
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadRStickRight,    // [Analog]
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadRStickUp,       // [Analog]
+    ImGuiKey_GamepadRStickDown,     // [Analog]
+
+    // Aliases: Mouse Buttons (auto-submitted from AddMouseButtonEvent() calls)
+    // - This is mirroring the data also written to io.MouseDown[], io.MouseWheel, in a format allowing them to be accessed via standard key API.
+    ImGuiKey_MouseLeft, ImGuiKey_MouseRight, ImGuiKey_MouseMiddle, ImGuiKey_MouseX1, ImGuiKey_MouseX2, ImGuiKey_MouseWheelX, ImGuiKey_MouseWheelY,
+
+    // [Internal] Reserved for mod storage
+    ImGuiKey_ReservedForModCtrl, ImGuiKey_ReservedForModShift, ImGuiKey_ReservedForModAlt, ImGuiKey_ReservedForModSuper,
+    ImGuiKey_COUNT,
+
+    // Keyboard Modifiers (explicitly submitted by backend via AddKeyEvent() calls)
+    // - This is mirroring the data also written to io.KeyCtrl, io.KeyShift, io.KeyAlt, io.KeySuper, in a format allowing
+    //   them to be accessed via standard key API, allowing calls such as IsKeyPressed(), IsKeyReleased(), querying duration etc.
+    // - Code polling every key (e.g. an interface to detect a key press for input mapping) might want to ignore those
+    //   and prefer using the real keys (e.g. ImGuiKey_LeftCtrl, ImGuiKey_RightCtrl instead of ImGuiMod_Ctrl).
+    // - In theory the value of keyboard modifiers should be roughly equivalent to a logical or of the equivalent left/right keys.
+    //   In practice: it's complicated; mods are often provided from different sources. Keyboard layout, IME, sticky keys and
+    //   backends tend to interfere and break that equivalence. The safer decision is to relay that ambiguity down to the end-user...
+    ImGuiMod_None                   = 0,
+    ImGuiMod_Ctrl                   = 1 << 12, // Ctrl
+    ImGuiMod_Shift                  = 1 << 13, // Shift
+    ImGuiMod_Alt                    = 1 << 14, // Option/Menu
+    ImGuiMod_Super                  = 1 << 15, // Cmd/Super/Windows
+    ImGuiMod_Shortcut               = 1 << 11, // Alias for Ctrl (non-macOS) _or_ Super (macOS).
+    ImGuiMod_Mask_                  = 0xF800,  // 5-bits
+
+    // [Internal] Prior to 1.87 we required user to fill io.KeysDown[512] using their own native index + the io.KeyMap[] array.
+    // We are ditching this method but keeping a legacy path for user code doing e.g. IsKeyPressed(MY_NATIVE_KEY_CODE)
+    // If you need to iterate all keys (for e.g. an input mapper) you may use ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN..ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END.
+    ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN         = 512,
+    ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END           = ImGuiKey_COUNT,
+    ImGuiKey_NamedKey_COUNT         = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN,
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    ImGuiKey_KeysData_SIZE          = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_COUNT,  // Size of KeysData[]: only hold named keys
+    ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET        = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN,  // Accesses to io.KeysData[] must use (key - ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET) index.
+#else
+    ImGuiKey_KeysData_SIZE          = ImGuiKey_COUNT,           // Size of KeysData[]: hold legacy 0..512 keycodes + named keys
+    ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET        = 0,                        // Accesses to io.KeysData[] must use (key - ImGuiKey_KeysData_OFFSET) index.
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    ImGuiKey_ModCtrl = ImGuiMod_Ctrl, ImGuiKey_ModShift = ImGuiMod_Shift, ImGuiKey_ModAlt = ImGuiMod_Alt, ImGuiKey_ModSuper = ImGuiMod_Super, // Renamed in 1.89
+    ImGuiKey_KeyPadEnter = ImGuiKey_KeypadEnter,    // Renamed in 1.87
+#endif
+};
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+// OBSOLETED in 1.88 (from July 2022): ImGuiNavInput and io.NavInputs[].
+// Official backends between 1.60 and 1.86: will keep working and feed gamepad inputs as long as IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO is not set.
+// Custom backends: feed gamepad inputs via io.AddKeyEvent() and ImGuiKey_GamepadXXX enums.
+enum ImGuiNavInput
+{
+    ImGuiNavInput_Activate, ImGuiNavInput_Cancel, ImGuiNavInput_Input, ImGuiNavInput_Menu, ImGuiNavInput_DpadLeft, ImGuiNavInput_DpadRight, ImGuiNavInput_DpadUp, ImGuiNavInput_DpadDown,
+    ImGuiNavInput_LStickLeft, ImGuiNavInput_LStickRight, ImGuiNavInput_LStickUp, ImGuiNavInput_LStickDown, ImGuiNavInput_FocusPrev, ImGuiNavInput_FocusNext, ImGuiNavInput_TweakSlow, ImGuiNavInput_TweakFast,
+    ImGuiNavInput_COUNT,
+};
+#endif
+
+// Configuration flags stored in io.ConfigFlags. Set by user/application.
+enum ImGuiConfigFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_None                   = 0,
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard      = 1 << 0,   // Master keyboard navigation enable flag. Enable full Tabbing + directional arrows + space/enter to activate.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad       = 1 << 1,   // Master gamepad navigation enable flag. Backend also needs to set ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos   = 1 << 2,   // Instruct navigation to move the mouse cursor. May be useful on TV/console systems where moving a virtual mouse is awkward. Will update io.MousePos and set io.WantSetMousePos=true. If enabled you MUST honor io.WantSetMousePos requests in your backend, otherwise ImGui will react as if the mouse is jumping around back and forth.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_NavNoCaptureKeyboard   = 1 << 3,   // Instruct navigation to not set the io.WantCaptureKeyboard flag when io.NavActive is set.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouse                = 1 << 4,   // Instruct imgui to clear mouse position/buttons in NewFrame(). This allows ignoring the mouse information set by the backend.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouseCursorChange    = 1 << 5,   // Instruct backend to not alter mouse cursor shape and visibility. Use if the backend cursor changes are interfering with yours and you don't want to use SetMouseCursor() to change mouse cursor. You may want to honor requests from imgui by reading GetMouseCursor() yourself instead.
+
+    // [BETA] Docking
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable          = 1 << 6,   // Docking enable flags.
+
+    // [BETA] Viewports
+    // When using viewports it is recommended that your default value for ImGuiCol_WindowBg is opaque (Alpha=1.0) so transition to a viewport won't be noticeable.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable        = 1 << 10,  // Viewport enable flags (require both ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports + ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasViewports set by the respective backends)
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_DpiEnableScaleViewports= 1 << 14,  // [BETA: Don't use] FIXME-DPI: Reposition and resize imgui windows when the DpiScale of a viewport changed (mostly useful for the main viewport hosting other window). Note that resizing the main window itself is up to your application.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_DpiEnableScaleFonts    = 1 << 15,  // [BETA: Don't use] FIXME-DPI: Request bitmap-scaled fonts to match DpiScale. This is a very low-quality workaround. The correct way to handle DPI is _currently_ to replace the atlas and/or fonts in the Platform_OnChangedViewport callback, but this is all early work in progress.
+
+    // User storage (to allow your backend/engine to communicate to code that may be shared between multiple projects. Those flags are NOT used by core Dear ImGui)
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_IsSRGB                 = 1 << 20,  // Application is SRGB-aware.
+    ImGuiConfigFlags_IsTouchScreen          = 1 << 21,  // Application is using a touch screen instead of a mouse.
+};
+
+// Backend capabilities flags stored in io.BackendFlags. Set by imgui_impl_xxx or custom backend.
+enum ImGuiBackendFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_None                  = 0,
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad            = 1 << 0,   // Backend Platform supports gamepad and currently has one connected.
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors       = 1 << 1,   // Backend Platform supports honoring GetMouseCursor() value to change the OS cursor shape.
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_HasSetMousePos        = 1 << 2,   // Backend Platform supports io.WantSetMousePos requests to reposition the OS mouse position (only used if ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos is set).
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset  = 1 << 3,   // Backend Renderer supports ImDrawCmd::VtxOffset. This enables output of large meshes (64K+ vertices) while still using 16-bit indices.
+
+    // [BETA] Viewports
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports  = 1 << 10,  // Backend Platform supports multiple viewports.
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport=1 << 11,  // Backend Platform supports calling io.AddMouseViewportEvent() with the viewport under the mouse. IF POSSIBLE, ignore viewports with the ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs flag (Win32 backend, GLFW 3.30+ backend can do this, SDL backend cannot). If this cannot be done, Dear ImGui needs to use a flawed heuristic to find the viewport under.
+    ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasViewports  = 1 << 12,  // Backend Renderer supports multiple viewports.
+};
+
+// Enumeration for PushStyleColor() / PopStyleColor()
+enum ImGuiCol_
+{
+    ImGuiCol_Text,
+    ImGuiCol_TextDisabled,
+    ImGuiCol_WindowBg,              // Background of normal windows
+    ImGuiCol_ChildBg,               // Background of child windows
+    ImGuiCol_PopupBg,               // Background of popups, menus, tooltips windows
+    ImGuiCol_Border,
+    ImGuiCol_BorderShadow,
+    ImGuiCol_FrameBg,               // Background of checkbox, radio button, plot, slider, text input
+    ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive,
+    ImGuiCol_TitleBg,
+    ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive,
+    ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed,
+    ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg,
+    ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg,
+    ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab,
+    ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive,
+    ImGuiCol_CheckMark,
+    ImGuiCol_SliderGrab,
+    ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive,
+    ImGuiCol_Button,
+    ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_ButtonActive,
+    ImGuiCol_Header,                // Header* colors are used for CollapsingHeader, TreeNode, Selectable, MenuItem
+    ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_HeaderActive,
+    ImGuiCol_Separator,
+    ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive,
+    ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip,            // Resize grip in lower-right and lower-left corners of windows.
+    ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive,
+    ImGuiCol_Tab,                   // TabItem in a TabBar
+    ImGuiCol_TabHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_TabActive,
+    ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused,
+    ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive,
+    ImGuiCol_DockingPreview,        // Preview overlay color when about to docking something
+    ImGuiCol_DockingEmptyBg,        // Background color for empty node (e.g. CentralNode with no window docked into it)
+    ImGuiCol_PlotLines,
+    ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram,
+    ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered,
+    ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg,         // Table header background
+    ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong,     // Table outer and header borders (prefer using Alpha=1.0 here)
+    ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight,      // Table inner borders (prefer using Alpha=1.0 here)
+    ImGuiCol_TableRowBg,            // Table row background (even rows)
+    ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt,         // Table row background (odd rows)
+    ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg,
+    ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget,        // Rectangle highlighting a drop target
+    ImGuiCol_NavHighlight,          // Gamepad/keyboard: current highlighted item
+    ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight, // Highlight window when using CTRL+TAB
+    ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg,     // Darken/colorize entire screen behind the CTRL+TAB window list, when active
+    ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg,      // Darken/colorize entire screen behind a modal window, when one is active
+    ImGuiCol_COUNT
+};
+
+// Enumeration for PushStyleVar() / PopStyleVar() to temporarily modify the ImGuiStyle structure.
+// - The enum only refers to fields of ImGuiStyle which makes sense to be pushed/popped inside UI code.
+//   During initialization or between frames, feel free to just poke into ImGuiStyle directly.
+// - Tip: Use your programming IDE navigation facilities on the names in the _second column_ below to find the actual members and their description.
+//   In Visual Studio IDE: CTRL+comma ("Edit.GoToAll") can follow symbols in comments, whereas CTRL+F12 ("Edit.GoToImplementation") cannot.
+//   With Visual Assist installed: ALT+G ("VAssistX.GoToImplementation") can also follow symbols in comments.
+// - When changing this enum, you need to update the associated internal table GStyleVarInfo[] accordingly. This is where we link enum values to members offset/type.
+enum ImGuiStyleVar_
+{
+    // Enum name --------------------- // Member in ImGuiStyle structure (see ImGuiStyle for descriptions)
+    ImGuiStyleVar_Alpha,               // float     Alpha
+    ImGuiStyleVar_DisabledAlpha,       // float     DisabledAlpha
+    ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding,       // ImVec2    WindowPadding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding,      // float     WindowRounding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_WindowBorderSize,    // float     WindowBorderSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_WindowMinSize,       // ImVec2    WindowMinSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_WindowTitleAlign,    // ImVec2    WindowTitleAlign
+    ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding,       // float     ChildRounding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_ChildBorderSize,     // float     ChildBorderSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_PopupRounding,       // float     PopupRounding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_PopupBorderSize,     // float     PopupBorderSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding,        // ImVec2    FramePadding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_FrameRounding,       // float     FrameRounding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_FrameBorderSize,     // float     FrameBorderSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing,         // ImVec2    ItemSpacing
+    ImGuiStyleVar_ItemInnerSpacing,    // ImVec2    ItemInnerSpacing
+    ImGuiStyleVar_IndentSpacing,       // float     IndentSpacing
+    ImGuiStyleVar_CellPadding,         // ImVec2    CellPadding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_ScrollbarSize,       // float     ScrollbarSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_ScrollbarRounding,   // float     ScrollbarRounding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_GrabMinSize,         // float     GrabMinSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_GrabRounding,        // float     GrabRounding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_TabRounding,         // float     TabRounding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_ButtonTextAlign,     // ImVec2    ButtonTextAlign
+    ImGuiStyleVar_SelectableTextAlign, // ImVec2    SelectableTextAlign
+    ImGuiStyleVar_SeparatorTextBorderSize,// float  SeparatorTextBorderSize
+    ImGuiStyleVar_SeparatorTextAlign,  // ImVec2    SeparatorTextAlign
+    ImGuiStyleVar_SeparatorTextPadding,// ImVec2    SeparatorTextPadding
+    ImGuiStyleVar_COUNT
+};
+
+// Flags for InvisibleButton() [extended in imgui_internal.h]
+enum ImGuiButtonFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_None                   = 0,
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonLeft        = 1 << 0,   // React on left mouse button (default)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonRight       = 1 << 1,   // React on right mouse button
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonMiddle      = 1 << 2,   // React on center mouse button
+
+    // [Internal]
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonMask_       = ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonLeft | ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonRight | ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonMiddle,
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonDefault_    = ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonLeft,
+};
+
+// Flags for ColorEdit3() / ColorEdit4() / ColorPicker3() / ColorPicker4() / ColorButton()
+enum ImGuiColorEditFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_None            = 0,
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha         = 1 << 1,   //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton: ignore Alpha component (will only read 3 components from the input pointer).
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoPicker        = 1 << 2,   //              // ColorEdit: disable picker when clicking on color square.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions       = 1 << 3,   //              // ColorEdit: disable toggling options menu when right-clicking on inputs/small preview.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSmallPreview  = 1 << 4,   //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker: disable color square preview next to the inputs. (e.g. to show only the inputs)
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs        = 1 << 5,   //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker: disable inputs sliders/text widgets (e.g. to show only the small preview color square).
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip       = 1 << 6,   //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton: disable tooltip when hovering the preview.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel         = 1 << 7,   //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker: disable display of inline text label (the label is still forwarded to the tooltip and picker).
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview   = 1 << 8,   //              // ColorPicker: disable bigger color preview on right side of the picker, use small color square preview instead.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoDragDrop      = 1 << 9,   //              // ColorEdit: disable drag and drop target. ColorButton: disable drag and drop source.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoBorder        = 1 << 10,  //              // ColorButton: disable border (which is enforced by default)
+
+    // User Options (right-click on widget to change some of them).
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar        = 1 << 16,  //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker: show vertical alpha bar/gradient in picker.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview    = 1 << 17,  //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton: display preview as a transparent color over a checkerboard, instead of opaque.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf= 1 << 18,  //              // ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton: display half opaque / half checkerboard, instead of opaque.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR             = 1 << 19,  //              // (WIP) ColorEdit: Currently only disable 0.0f..1.0f limits in RGBA edition (note: you probably want to use ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float flag as well).
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB      = 1 << 20,  // [Display]    // ColorEdit: override _display_ type among RGB/HSV/Hex. ColorPicker: select any combination using one or more of RGB/HSV/Hex.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV      = 1 << 21,  // [Display]    // "
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex      = 1 << 22,  // [Display]    // "
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_Uint8           = 1 << 23,  // [DataType]   // ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton: _display_ values formatted as 0..255.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float           = 1 << 24,  // [DataType]   // ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton: _display_ values formatted as 0.0f..1.0f floats instead of 0..255 integers. No round-trip of value via integers.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar    = 1 << 25,  // [Picker]     // ColorPicker: bar for Hue, rectangle for Sat/Value.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel  = 1 << 26,  // [Picker]     // ColorPicker: wheel for Hue, triangle for Sat/Value.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB        = 1 << 27,  // [Input]      // ColorEdit, ColorPicker: input and output data in RGB format.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV        = 1 << 28,  // [Input]      // ColorEdit, ColorPicker: input and output data in HSV format.
+
+    // Defaults Options. You can set application defaults using SetColorEditOptions(). The intent is that you probably don't want to
+    // override them in most of your calls. Let the user choose via the option menu and/or call SetColorEditOptions() once during startup.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_ = ImGuiColorEditFlags_Uint8 | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB | ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB | ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar,
+
+    // [Internal] Masks
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_    = ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex,
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_   = ImGuiColorEditFlags_Uint8 | ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float,
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_     = ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel | ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar,
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_      = ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB | ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV,
+
+    // Obsolete names
+    //ImGuiColorEditFlags_RGB = ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB, ImGuiColorEditFlags_HSV = ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV, ImGuiColorEditFlags_HEX = ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex  // [renamed in 1.69]
+};
+
+// Flags for DragFloat(), DragInt(), SliderFloat(), SliderInt() etc.
+// We use the same sets of flags for DragXXX() and SliderXXX() functions as the features are the same and it makes it easier to swap them.
+// (Those are per-item flags. There are shared flags in ImGuiIO: io.ConfigDragClickToInputText)
+enum ImGuiSliderFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_None                   = 0,
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp            = 1 << 4,       // Clamp value to min/max bounds when input manually with CTRL+Click. By default CTRL+Click allows going out of bounds.
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic            = 1 << 5,       // Make the widget logarithmic (linear otherwise). Consider using ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat with this if using a format-string with small amount of digits.
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat        = 1 << 6,       // Disable rounding underlying value to match precision of the display format string (e.g. %.3f values are rounded to those 3 digits)
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput                = 1 << 7,       // Disable CTRL+Click or Enter key allowing to input text directly into the widget
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_InvalidMask_           = 0x7000000F,   // [Internal] We treat using those bits as being potentially a 'float power' argument from the previous API that has got miscast to this enum, and will trigger an assert if needed.
+
+    // Obsolete names
+    //ImGuiSliderFlags_ClampOnInput = ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp, // [renamed in 1.79]
+};
+
+// Identify a mouse button.
+// Those values are guaranteed to be stable and we frequently use 0/1 directly. Named enums provided for convenience.
+enum ImGuiMouseButton_
+{
+    ImGuiMouseButton_Left = 0,
+    ImGuiMouseButton_Right = 1,
+    ImGuiMouseButton_Middle = 2,
+    ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT = 5
+};
+
+// Enumeration for GetMouseCursor()
+// User code may request backend to display given cursor by calling SetMouseCursor(), which is why we have some cursors that are marked unused here
+enum ImGuiMouseCursor_
+{
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_None = -1,
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_Arrow = 0,
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_TextInput,         // When hovering over InputText, etc.
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeAll,         // (Unused by Dear ImGui functions)
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNS,          // When hovering over a horizontal border
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeEW,          // When hovering over a vertical border or a column
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNESW,        // When hovering over the bottom-left corner of a window
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNWSE,        // When hovering over the bottom-right corner of a window
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_Hand,              // (Unused by Dear ImGui functions. Use for e.g. hyperlinks)
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_NotAllowed,        // When hovering something with disallowed interaction. Usually a crossed circle.
+    ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT
+};
+
+// Enumeration for AddMouseSourceEvent() actual source of Mouse Input data.
+// Historically we use "Mouse" terminology everywhere to indicate pointer data, e.g. MousePos, IsMousePressed(), io.AddMousePosEvent()
+// But that "Mouse" data can come from different source which occasionally may be useful for application to know about.
+// You can submit a change of pointer type using io.AddMouseSourceEvent().
+enum ImGuiMouseSource : int
+{
+    ImGuiMouseSource_Mouse = 0,         // Input is coming from an actual mouse.
+    ImGuiMouseSource_TouchScreen,       // Input is coming from a touch screen (no hovering prior to initial press, less precise initial press aiming, dual-axis wheeling possible).
+    ImGuiMouseSource_Pen,               // Input is coming from a pressure/magnetic pen (often used in conjunction with high-sampling rates).
+    ImGuiMouseSource_COUNT
+};
+
+// Enumeration for ImGui::SetWindow***(), SetNextWindow***(), SetNextItem***() functions
+// Represent a condition.
+// Important: Treat as a regular enum! Do NOT combine multiple values using binary operators! All the functions above treat 0 as a shortcut to ImGuiCond_Always.
+enum ImGuiCond_
+{
+    ImGuiCond_None          = 0,        // No condition (always set the variable), same as _Always
+    ImGuiCond_Always        = 1 << 0,   // No condition (always set the variable), same as _None
+    ImGuiCond_Once          = 1 << 1,   // Set the variable once per runtime session (only the first call will succeed)
+    ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver  = 1 << 2,   // Set the variable if the object/window has no persistently saved data (no entry in .ini file)
+    ImGuiCond_Appearing     = 1 << 3,   // Set the variable if the object/window is appearing after being hidden/inactive (or the first time)
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Helpers: Memory allocations macros, ImVector<>
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// IM_MALLOC(), IM_FREE(), IM_NEW(), IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(), IM_DELETE()
+// We call C++ constructor on own allocated memory via the placement "new(ptr) Type()" syntax.
+// Defining a custom placement new() with a custom parameter allows us to bypass including <new> which on some platforms complains when user has disabled exceptions.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ImNewWrapper {};
+inline void* operator new(size_t, ImNewWrapper, void* ptr) { return ptr; }
+inline void  operator delete(void*, ImNewWrapper, void*)   {} // This is only required so we can use the symmetrical new()
+#define IM_ALLOC(_SIZE)                     ImGui::MemAlloc(_SIZE)
+#define IM_FREE(_PTR)                       ImGui::MemFree(_PTR)
+#define IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(_PTR)              new(ImNewWrapper(), _PTR)
+#define IM_NEW(_TYPE)                       new(ImNewWrapper(), ImGui::MemAlloc(sizeof(_TYPE))) _TYPE
+template<typename T> void IM_DELETE(T* p)   { if (p) { p->~T(); ImGui::MemFree(p); } }
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ImVector<>
+// Lightweight std::vector<>-like class to avoid dragging dependencies (also, some implementations of STL with debug enabled are absurdly slow, we bypass it so our code runs fast in debug).
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - You generally do NOT need to care or use this ever. But we need to make it available in imgui.h because some of our public structures are relying on it.
+// - We use std-like naming convention here, which is a little unusual for this codebase.
+// - Important: clear() frees memory, resize(0) keep the allocated buffer. We use resize(0) a lot to intentionally recycle allocated buffers across frames and amortize our costs.
+// - Important: our implementation does NOT call C++ constructors/destructors, we treat everything as raw data! This is intentional but be extra mindful of that,
+//   Do NOT use this class as a std::vector replacement in your own code! Many of the structures used by dear imgui can be safely initialized by a zero-memset.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+template<typename T>
+struct ImVector
+{
+    int                 Size;
+    int                 Capacity;
+    T*                  Data;
+
+    // Provide standard typedefs but we don't use them ourselves.
+    typedef T                   value_type;
+    typedef value_type*         iterator;
+    typedef const value_type*   const_iterator;
+
+    // Constructors, destructor
+    inline ImVector()                                       { Size = Capacity = 0; Data = NULL; }
+    inline ImVector(const ImVector<T>& src)                 { Size = Capacity = 0; Data = NULL; operator=(src); }
+    inline ImVector<T>& operator=(const ImVector<T>& src)   { clear(); resize(src.Size); if (src.Data) memcpy(Data, src.Data, (size_t)Size * sizeof(T)); return *this; }
+    inline ~ImVector()                                      { if (Data) IM_FREE(Data); } // Important: does not destruct anything
+
+    inline void         clear()                             { if (Data) { Size = Capacity = 0; IM_FREE(Data); Data = NULL; } }  // Important: does not destruct anything
+    inline void         clear_delete()                      { for (int n = 0; n < Size; n++) IM_DELETE(Data[n]); clear(); }     // Important: never called automatically! always explicit.
+    inline void         clear_destruct()                    { for (int n = 0; n < Size; n++) Data[n].~T(); clear(); }           // Important: never called automatically! always explicit.
+
+    inline bool         empty() const                       { return Size == 0; }
+    inline int          size() const                        { return Size; }
+    inline int          size_in_bytes() const               { return Size * (int)sizeof(T); }
+    inline int          max_size() const                    { return 0x7FFFFFFF / (int)sizeof(T); }
+    inline int          capacity() const                    { return Capacity; }
+    inline T&           operator[](int i)                   { IM_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < Size); return Data[i]; }
+    inline const T&     operator[](int i) const             { IM_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < Size); return Data[i]; }
+
+    inline T*           begin()                             { return Data; }
+    inline const T*     begin() const                       { return Data; }
+    inline T*           end()                               { return Data + Size; }
+    inline const T*     end() const                         { return Data + Size; }
+    inline T&           front()                             { IM_ASSERT(Size > 0); return Data[0]; }
+    inline const T&     front() const                       { IM_ASSERT(Size > 0); return Data[0]; }
+    inline T&           back()                              { IM_ASSERT(Size > 0); return Data[Size - 1]; }
+    inline const T&     back() const                        { IM_ASSERT(Size > 0); return Data[Size - 1]; }
+    inline void         swap(ImVector<T>& rhs)              { int rhs_size = rhs.Size; rhs.Size = Size; Size = rhs_size; int rhs_cap = rhs.Capacity; rhs.Capacity = Capacity; Capacity = rhs_cap; T* rhs_data = rhs.Data; rhs.Data = Data; Data = rhs_data; }
+
+    inline int          _grow_capacity(int sz) const        { int new_capacity = Capacity ? (Capacity + Capacity / 2) : 8; return new_capacity > sz ? new_capacity : sz; }
+    inline void         resize(int new_size)                { if (new_size > Capacity) reserve(_grow_capacity(new_size)); Size = new_size; }
+    inline void         resize(int new_size, const T& v)    { if (new_size > Capacity) reserve(_grow_capacity(new_size)); if (new_size > Size) for (int n = Size; n < new_size; n++) memcpy(&Data[n], &v, sizeof(v)); Size = new_size; }
+    inline void         shrink(int new_size)                { IM_ASSERT(new_size <= Size); Size = new_size; } // Resize a vector to a smaller size, guaranteed not to cause a reallocation
+    inline void         reserve(int new_capacity)           { if (new_capacity <= Capacity) return; T* new_data = (T*)IM_ALLOC((size_t)new_capacity * sizeof(T)); if (Data) { memcpy(new_data, Data, (size_t)Size * sizeof(T)); IM_FREE(Data); } Data = new_data; Capacity = new_capacity; }
+    inline void         reserve_discard(int new_capacity)   { if (new_capacity <= Capacity) return; if (Data) IM_FREE(Data); Data = (T*)IM_ALLOC((size_t)new_capacity * sizeof(T)); Capacity = new_capacity; }
+
+    // NB: It is illegal to call push_back/push_front/insert with a reference pointing inside the ImVector data itself! e.g. v.push_back(v[10]) is forbidden.
+    inline void         push_back(const T& v)               { if (Size == Capacity) reserve(_grow_capacity(Size + 1)); memcpy(&Data[Size], &v, sizeof(v)); Size++; }
+    inline void         pop_back()                          { IM_ASSERT(Size > 0); Size--; }
+    inline void         push_front(const T& v)              { if (Size == 0) push_back(v); else insert(Data, v); }
+    inline T*           erase(const T* it)                  { IM_ASSERT(it >= Data && it < Data + Size); const ptrdiff_t off = it - Data; memmove(Data + off, Data + off + 1, ((size_t)Size - (size_t)off - 1) * sizeof(T)); Size--; return Data + off; }
+    inline T*           erase(const T* it, const T* it_last){ IM_ASSERT(it >= Data && it < Data + Size && it_last >= it && it_last <= Data + Size); const ptrdiff_t count = it_last - it; const ptrdiff_t off = it - Data; memmove(Data + off, Data + off + count, ((size_t)Size - (size_t)off - (size_t)count) * sizeof(T)); Size -= (int)count; return Data + off; }
+    inline T*           erase_unsorted(const T* it)         { IM_ASSERT(it >= Data && it < Data + Size);  const ptrdiff_t off = it - Data; if (it < Data + Size - 1) memcpy(Data + off, Data + Size - 1, sizeof(T)); Size--; return Data + off; }
+    inline T*           insert(const T* it, const T& v)     { IM_ASSERT(it >= Data && it <= Data + Size); const ptrdiff_t off = it - Data; if (Size == Capacity) reserve(_grow_capacity(Size + 1)); if (off < (int)Size) memmove(Data + off + 1, Data + off, ((size_t)Size - (size_t)off) * sizeof(T)); memcpy(&Data[off], &v, sizeof(v)); Size++; return Data + off; }
+    inline bool         contains(const T& v) const          { const T* data = Data;  const T* data_end = Data + Size; while (data < data_end) if (*data++ == v) return true; return false; }
+    inline T*           find(const T& v)                    { T* data = Data;  const T* data_end = Data + Size; while (data < data_end) if (*data == v) break; else ++data; return data; }
+    inline const T*     find(const T& v) const              { const T* data = Data;  const T* data_end = Data + Size; while (data < data_end) if (*data == v) break; else ++data; return data; }
+    inline bool         find_erase(const T& v)              { const T* it = find(v); if (it < Data + Size) { erase(it); return true; } return false; }
+    inline bool         find_erase_unsorted(const T& v)     { const T* it = find(v); if (it < Data + Size) { erase_unsorted(it); return true; } return false; }
+    inline int          index_from_ptr(const T* it) const   { IM_ASSERT(it >= Data && it < Data + Size); const ptrdiff_t off = it - Data; return (int)off; }
+};
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiStyle
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// You may modify the ImGui::GetStyle() main instance during initialization and before NewFrame().
+// During the frame, use ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_XXXX)/PopStyleVar() to alter the main style values,
+// and ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_XXX)/PopStyleColor() for colors.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ImGuiStyle
+{
+    float       Alpha;                      // Global alpha applies to everything in Dear ImGui.
+    float       DisabledAlpha;              // Additional alpha multiplier applied by BeginDisabled(). Multiply over current value of Alpha.
+    ImVec2      WindowPadding;              // Padding within a window.
+    float       WindowRounding;             // Radius of window corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular windows. Large values tend to lead to variety of artifacts and are not recommended.
+    float       WindowBorderSize;           // Thickness of border around windows. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. (Other values are not well tested and more CPU/GPU costly).
+    ImVec2      WindowMinSize;              // Minimum window size. This is a global setting. If you want to constrain individual windows, use SetNextWindowSizeConstraints().
+    ImVec2      WindowTitleAlign;           // Alignment for title bar text. Defaults to (0.0f,0.5f) for left-aligned,vertically centered.
+    ImGuiDir    WindowMenuButtonPosition;   // Side of the collapsing/docking button in the title bar (None/Left/Right). Defaults to ImGuiDir_Left.
+    float       ChildRounding;              // Radius of child window corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular windows.
+    float       ChildBorderSize;            // Thickness of border around child windows. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. (Other values are not well tested and more CPU/GPU costly).
+    float       PopupRounding;              // Radius of popup window corners rounding. (Note that tooltip windows use WindowRounding)
+    float       PopupBorderSize;            // Thickness of border around popup/tooltip windows. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. (Other values are not well tested and more CPU/GPU costly).
+    ImVec2      FramePadding;               // Padding within a framed rectangle (used by most widgets).
+    float       FrameRounding;              // Radius of frame corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular frame (used by most widgets).
+    float       FrameBorderSize;            // Thickness of border around frames. Generally set to 0.0f or 1.0f. (Other values are not well tested and more CPU/GPU costly).
+    ImVec2      ItemSpacing;                // Horizontal and vertical spacing between widgets/lines.
+    ImVec2      ItemInnerSpacing;           // Horizontal and vertical spacing between within elements of a composed widget (e.g. a slider and its label).
+    ImVec2      CellPadding;                // Padding within a table cell
+    ImVec2      TouchExtraPadding;          // Expand reactive bounding box for touch-based system where touch position is not accurate enough. Unfortunately we don't sort widgets so priority on overlap will always be given to the first widget. So don't grow this too much!
+    float       IndentSpacing;              // Horizontal indentation when e.g. entering a tree node. Generally == (FontSize + FramePadding.x*2).
+    float       ColumnsMinSpacing;          // Minimum horizontal spacing between two columns. Preferably > (FramePadding.x + 1).
+    float       ScrollbarSize;              // Width of the vertical scrollbar, Height of the horizontal scrollbar.
+    float       ScrollbarRounding;          // Radius of grab corners for scrollbar.
+    float       GrabMinSize;                // Minimum width/height of a grab box for slider/scrollbar.
+    float       GrabRounding;               // Radius of grabs corners rounding. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular slider grabs.
+    float       LogSliderDeadzone;          // The size in pixels of the dead-zone around zero on logarithmic sliders that cross zero.
+    float       TabRounding;                // Radius of upper corners of a tab. Set to 0.0f to have rectangular tabs.
+    float       TabBorderSize;              // Thickness of border around tabs.
+    float       TabMinWidthForCloseButton;  // Minimum width for close button to appear on an unselected tab when hovered. Set to 0.0f to always show when hovering, set to FLT_MAX to never show close button unless selected.
+    ImGuiDir    ColorButtonPosition;        // Side of the color button in the ColorEdit4 widget (left/right). Defaults to ImGuiDir_Right.
+    ImVec2      ButtonTextAlign;            // Alignment of button text when button is larger than text. Defaults to (0.5f, 0.5f) (centered).
+    ImVec2      SelectableTextAlign;        // Alignment of selectable text. Defaults to (0.0f, 0.0f) (top-left aligned). It's generally important to keep this left-aligned if you want to lay multiple items on a same line.
+    float       SeparatorTextBorderSize;    // Thickkness of border in SeparatorText()
+    ImVec2      SeparatorTextAlign;         // Alignment of text within the separator. Defaults to (0.0f, 0.5f) (left aligned, center).
+    ImVec2      SeparatorTextPadding;       // Horizontal offset of text from each edge of the separator + spacing on other axis. Generally small values. .y is recommended to be == FramePadding.y.
+    ImVec2      DisplayWindowPadding;       // Window position are clamped to be visible within the display area or monitors by at least this amount. Only applies to regular windows.
+    ImVec2      DisplaySafeAreaPadding;     // If you cannot see the edges of your screen (e.g. on a TV) increase the safe area padding. Apply to popups/tooltips as well regular windows. NB: Prefer configuring your TV sets correctly!
+    float       MouseCursorScale;           // Scale software rendered mouse cursor (when io.MouseDrawCursor is enabled). We apply per-monitor DPI scaling over this scale. May be removed later.
+    bool        AntiAliasedLines;           // Enable anti-aliased lines/borders. Disable if you are really tight on CPU/GPU. Latched at the beginning of the frame (copied to ImDrawList).
+    bool        AntiAliasedLinesUseTex;     // Enable anti-aliased lines/borders using textures where possible. Require backend to render with bilinear filtering (NOT point/nearest filtering). Latched at the beginning of the frame (copied to ImDrawList).
+    bool        AntiAliasedFill;            // Enable anti-aliased edges around filled shapes (rounded rectangles, circles, etc.). Disable if you are really tight on CPU/GPU. Latched at the beginning of the frame (copied to ImDrawList).
+    float       CurveTessellationTol;       // Tessellation tolerance when using PathBezierCurveTo() without a specific number of segments. Decrease for highly tessellated curves (higher quality, more polygons), increase to reduce quality.
+    float       CircleTessellationMaxError; // Maximum error (in pixels) allowed when using AddCircle()/AddCircleFilled() or drawing rounded corner rectangles with no explicit segment count specified. Decrease for higher quality but more geometry.
+    ImVec4      Colors[ImGuiCol_COUNT];
+
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiStyle();
+    IMGUI_API void ScaleAllSizes(float scale_factor);
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiIO
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Communicate most settings and inputs/outputs to Dear ImGui using this structure.
+// Access via ImGui::GetIO(). Read 'Programmer guide' section in .cpp file for general usage.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// [Internal] Storage used by IsKeyDown(), IsKeyPressed() etc functions.
+// If prior to 1.87 you used io.KeysDownDuration[] (which was marked as internal), you should use GetKeyData(key)->DownDuration and *NOT* io.KeysData[key]->DownDuration.
+struct ImGuiKeyData
+{
+    bool        Down;               // True for if key is down
+    float       DownDuration;       // Duration the key has been down (<0.0f: not pressed, 0.0f: just pressed, >0.0f: time held)
+    float       DownDurationPrev;   // Last frame duration the key has been down
+    float       AnalogValue;        // 0.0f..1.0f for gamepad values
+};
+
+struct ImGuiIO
+{
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Configuration                            // Default value
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    ImGuiConfigFlags   ConfigFlags;             // = 0              // See ImGuiConfigFlags_ enum. Set by user/application. Gamepad/keyboard navigation options, etc.
+    ImGuiBackendFlags  BackendFlags;            // = 0              // See ImGuiBackendFlags_ enum. Set by backend (imgui_impl_xxx files or custom backend) to communicate features supported by the backend.
+    ImVec2      DisplaySize;                    // <unset>          // Main display size, in pixels (generally == GetMainViewport()->Size). May change every frame.
+    float       DeltaTime;                      // = 1.0f/60.0f     // Time elapsed since last frame, in seconds. May change every frame.
+    float       IniSavingRate;                  // = 5.0f           // Minimum time between saving positions/sizes to .ini file, in seconds.
+    const char* IniFilename;                    // = "imgui.ini"    // Path to .ini file (important: default "imgui.ini" is relative to current working dir!). Set NULL to disable automatic .ini loading/saving or if you want to manually call LoadIniSettingsXXX() / SaveIniSettingsXXX() functions.
+    const char* LogFilename;                    // = "imgui_log.txt"// Path to .log file (default parameter to ImGui::LogToFile when no file is specified).
+    float       MouseDoubleClickTime;           // = 0.30f          // Time for a double-click, in seconds.
+    float       MouseDoubleClickMaxDist;        // = 6.0f           // Distance threshold to stay in to validate a double-click, in pixels.
+    float       MouseDragThreshold;             // = 6.0f           // Distance threshold before considering we are dragging.
+    float       KeyRepeatDelay;                 // = 0.275f         // When holding a key/button, time before it starts repeating, in seconds (for buttons in Repeat mode, etc.).
+    float       KeyRepeatRate;                  // = 0.050f         // When holding a key/button, rate at which it repeats, in seconds.
+    float       HoverDelayNormal;               // = 0.30 sec       // Delay on hovering before IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayNormal) returns true.
+    float       HoverDelayShort;                // = 0.10 sec       // Delay on hovering before IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayShort) returns true.
+    void*       UserData;                       // = NULL           // Store your own data.
+
+    ImFontAtlas*Fonts;                          // <auto>           // Font atlas: load, rasterize and pack one or more fonts into a single texture.
+    float       FontGlobalScale;                // = 1.0f           // Global scale all fonts
+    bool        FontAllowUserScaling;           // = false          // Allow user scaling text of individual window with CTRL+Wheel.
+    ImFont*     FontDefault;                    // = NULL           // Font to use on NewFrame(). Use NULL to uses Fonts->Fonts[0].
+    ImVec2      DisplayFramebufferScale;        // = (1, 1)         // For retina display or other situations where window coordinates are different from framebuffer coordinates. This generally ends up in ImDrawData::FramebufferScale.
+
+    // Docking options (when ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable is set)
+    bool        ConfigDockingNoSplit;           // = false          // Simplified docking mode: disable window splitting, so docking is limited to merging multiple windows together into tab-bars.
+    bool        ConfigDockingWithShift;         // = false          // Enable docking with holding Shift key (reduce visual noise, allows dropping in wider space)
+    bool        ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar;      // = false          // [BETA] [FIXME: This currently creates regression with auto-sizing and general overhead] Make every single floating window display within a docking node.
+    bool        ConfigDockingTransparentPayload;// = false          // [BETA] Make window or viewport transparent when docking and only display docking boxes on the target viewport. Useful if rendering of multiple viewport cannot be synced. Best used with ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge.
+
+    // Viewport options (when ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable is set)
+    bool        ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge;     // = false;         // Set to make all floating imgui windows always create their own viewport. Otherwise, they are merged into the main host viewports when overlapping it. May also set ImGuiViewportFlags_NoAutoMerge on individual viewport.
+    bool        ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon;   // = false          // Disable default OS task bar icon flag for secondary viewports. When a viewport doesn't want a task bar icon, ImGuiViewportFlags_NoTaskBarIcon will be set on it.
+    bool        ConfigViewportsNoDecoration;    // = true           // Disable default OS window decoration flag for secondary viewports. When a viewport doesn't want window decorations, ImGuiViewportFlags_NoDecoration will be set on it. Enabling decoration can create subsequent issues at OS levels (e.g. minimum window size).
+    bool        ConfigViewportsNoDefaultParent; // = false          // Disable default OS parenting to main viewport for secondary viewports. By default, viewports are marked with ParentViewportId = <main_viewport>, expecting the platform backend to setup a parent/child relationship between the OS windows (some backend may ignore this). Set to true if you want the default to be 0, then all viewports will be top-level OS windows.
+
+    // Miscellaneous options
+    bool        MouseDrawCursor;                // = false          // Request ImGui to draw a mouse cursor for you (if you are on a platform without a mouse cursor). Cannot be easily renamed to 'io.ConfigXXX' because this is frequently used by backend implementations.
+    bool        ConfigMacOSXBehaviors;          // = defined(__APPLE__) // OS X style: Text editing cursor movement using Alt instead of Ctrl, Shortcuts using Cmd/Super instead of Ctrl, Line/Text Start and End using Cmd+Arrows instead of Home/End, Double click selects by word instead of selecting whole text, Multi-selection in lists uses Cmd/Super instead of Ctrl.
+    bool        ConfigInputTrickleEventQueue;   // = true           // Enable input queue trickling: some types of events submitted during the same frame (e.g. button down + up) will be spread over multiple frames, improving interactions with low framerates.
+    bool        ConfigInputTextCursorBlink;     // = true           // Enable blinking cursor (optional as some users consider it to be distracting).
+    bool        ConfigInputTextEnterKeepActive; // = false          // [BETA] Pressing Enter will keep item active and select contents (single-line only).
+    bool        ConfigDragClickToInputText;     // = false          // [BETA] Enable turning DragXXX widgets into text input with a simple mouse click-release (without moving). Not desirable on devices without a keyboard.
+    bool        ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges;   // = true           // Enable resizing of windows from their edges and from the lower-left corner. This requires (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors) because it needs mouse cursor feedback. (This used to be a per-window ImGuiWindowFlags_ResizeFromAnySide flag)
+    bool        ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly; // = false       // Enable allowing to move windows only when clicking on their title bar. Does not apply to windows without a title bar.
+    float       ConfigMemoryCompactTimer;       // = 60.0f          // Timer (in seconds) to free transient windows/tables memory buffers when unused. Set to -1.0f to disable.
+
+    // Debug options
+    // - tools to test correct Begin/End and BeginChild/EndChild behaviors.
+    // - presently Begn()/End() and BeginChild()EndChild() needs to ALWAYS be called in tandem, regardless of return value of BeginXXX()
+    //   this is inconsistent with other BeginXXX functions and create confusion for many users.
+    // - we expect to update the API eventually. In the meanwhile we provided tools to facilitate checking user-code behavior.
+    bool        ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueOnce; // = false         // First-time calls to Begin()/BeginChild() will return false. NEEDS TO BE SET AT APPLICATION BOOT TIME if you don't want to miss windows.
+    bool        ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueLoop; // = false         // Some calls to Begin()/BeginChild() will return false. Will cycle through window depths then repeat. Suggested use: add "io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValue = io.KeyShift" in your main loop then occasionally press SHIFT. Windows should be flickering while running.
+
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Platform Functions
+    // (the imgui_impl_xxxx backend files are setting those up for you)
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    // Optional: Platform/Renderer backend name (informational only! will be displayed in About Window) + User data for backend/wrappers to store their own stuff.
+    const char* BackendPlatformName;            // = NULL
+    const char* BackendRendererName;            // = NULL
+    void*       BackendPlatformUserData;        // = NULL           // User data for platform backend
+    void*       BackendRendererUserData;        // = NULL           // User data for renderer backend
+    void*       BackendLanguageUserData;        // = NULL           // User data for non C++ programming language backend
+
+    // Optional: Access OS clipboard
+    // (default to use native Win32 clipboard on Windows, otherwise uses a private clipboard. Override to access OS clipboard on other architectures)
+    const char* (*GetClipboardTextFn)(void* user_data);
+    void        (*SetClipboardTextFn)(void* user_data, const char* text);
+    void*       ClipboardUserData;
+
+    // Optional: Notify OS Input Method Editor of the screen position of your cursor for text input position (e.g. when using Japanese/Chinese IME on Windows)
+    // (default to use native imm32 api on Windows)
+    void        (*SetPlatformImeDataFn)(ImGuiViewport* viewport, ImGuiPlatformImeData* data);
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    void*       ImeWindowHandle;                // = NULL           // [Obsolete] Set ImGuiViewport::PlatformHandleRaw instead. Set this to your HWND to get automatic IME cursor positioning.
+#else
+    void*       _UnusedPadding;                                     // Unused field to keep data structure the same size.
+#endif
+
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Input - Call before calling NewFrame()
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    // Input Functions
+    IMGUI_API void  AddKeyEvent(ImGuiKey key, bool down);                   // Queue a new key down/up event. Key should be "translated" (as in, generally ImGuiKey_A matches the key end-user would use to emit an 'A' character)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddKeyAnalogEvent(ImGuiKey key, bool down, float v);    // Queue a new key down/up event for analog values (e.g. ImGuiKey_Gamepad_ values). Dead-zones should be handled by the backend.
+    IMGUI_API void  AddMousePosEvent(float x, float y);                     // Queue a mouse position update. Use -FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX to signify no mouse (e.g. app not focused and not hovered)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddMouseButtonEvent(int button, bool down);             // Queue a mouse button change
+    IMGUI_API void  AddMouseWheelEvent(float wheel_x, float wheel_y);       // Queue a mouse wheel update. wheel_y<0: scroll down, wheel_y>0: scroll up, wheel_x<0: scroll right, wheel_x>0: scroll left.
+    IMGUI_API void  AddMouseSourceEvent(ImGuiMouseSource source);           // Queue a mouse source change (Mouse/TouchScreen/Pen)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddMouseViewportEvent(ImGuiID id);                      // Queue a mouse hovered viewport. Requires backend to set ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport to call this (for multi-viewport support).
+    IMGUI_API void  AddFocusEvent(bool focused);                            // Queue a gain/loss of focus for the application (generally based on OS/platform focus of your window)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddInputCharacter(unsigned int c);                      // Queue a new character input
+    IMGUI_API void  AddInputCharacterUTF16(ImWchar16 c);                    // Queue a new character input from a UTF-16 character, it can be a surrogate
+    IMGUI_API void  AddInputCharactersUTF8(const char* str);                // Queue a new characters input from a UTF-8 string
+
+    IMGUI_API void  SetKeyEventNativeData(ImGuiKey key, int native_keycode, int native_scancode, int native_legacy_index = -1); // [Optional] Specify index for legacy <1.87 IsKeyXXX() functions with native indices + specify native keycode, scancode.
+    IMGUI_API void  SetAppAcceptingEvents(bool accepting_events);           // Set master flag for accepting key/mouse/text events (default to true). Useful if you have native dialog boxes that are interrupting your application loop/refresh, and you want to disable events being queued while your app is frozen.
+    IMGUI_API void  ClearInputCharacters();                                 // [Internal] Clear the text input buffer manually
+    IMGUI_API void  ClearInputKeys();                                       // [Internal] Release all keys
+
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Output - Updated by NewFrame() or EndFrame()/Render()
+    // (when reading from the io.WantCaptureMouse, io.WantCaptureKeyboard flags to dispatch your inputs, it is
+    //  generally easier and more correct to use their state BEFORE calling NewFrame(). See FAQ for details!)
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    bool        WantCaptureMouse;                   // Set when Dear ImGui will use mouse inputs, in this case do not dispatch them to your main game/application (either way, always pass on mouse inputs to imgui). (e.g. unclicked mouse is hovering over an imgui window, widget is active, mouse was clicked over an imgui window, etc.).
+    bool        WantCaptureKeyboard;                // Set when Dear ImGui will use keyboard inputs, in this case do not dispatch them to your main game/application (either way, always pass keyboard inputs to imgui). (e.g. InputText active, or an imgui window is focused and navigation is enabled, etc.).
+    bool        WantTextInput;                      // Mobile/console: when set, you may display an on-screen keyboard. This is set by Dear ImGui when it wants textual keyboard input to happen (e.g. when a InputText widget is active).
+    bool        WantSetMousePos;                    // MousePos has been altered, backend should reposition mouse on next frame. Rarely used! Set only when ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos flag is enabled.
+    bool        WantSaveIniSettings;                // When manual .ini load/save is active (io.IniFilename == NULL), this will be set to notify your application that you can call SaveIniSettingsToMemory() and save yourself. Important: clear io.WantSaveIniSettings yourself after saving!
+    bool        NavActive;                          // Keyboard/Gamepad navigation is currently allowed (will handle ImGuiKey_NavXXX events) = a window is focused and it doesn't use the ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs flag.
+    bool        NavVisible;                         // Keyboard/Gamepad navigation is visible and allowed (will handle ImGuiKey_NavXXX events).
+    float       Framerate;                          // Estimate of application framerate (rolling average over 60 frames, based on io.DeltaTime), in frame per second. Solely for convenience. Slow applications may not want to use a moving average or may want to reset underlying buffers occasionally.
+    int         MetricsRenderVertices;              // Vertices output during last call to Render()
+    int         MetricsRenderIndices;               // Indices output during last call to Render() = number of triangles * 3
+    int         MetricsRenderWindows;               // Number of visible windows
+    int         MetricsActiveWindows;               // Number of active windows
+    int         MetricsActiveAllocations;           // Number of active allocations, updated by MemAlloc/MemFree based on current context. May be off if you have multiple imgui contexts.
+    ImVec2      MouseDelta;                         // Mouse delta. Note that this is zero if either current or previous position are invalid (-FLT_MAX,-FLT_MAX), so a disappearing/reappearing mouse won't have a huge delta.
+
+    // Legacy: before 1.87, we required backend to fill io.KeyMap[] (imgui->native map) during initialization and io.KeysDown[] (native indices) every frame.
+    // This is still temporarily supported as a legacy feature. However the new preferred scheme is for backend to call io.AddKeyEvent().
+    //   Old (<1.87):  ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGui::GetIO().KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Space]) --> New (1.87+) ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Space)
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    int         KeyMap[ImGuiKey_COUNT];             // [LEGACY] Input: map of indices into the KeysDown[512] entries array which represent your "native" keyboard state. The first 512 are now unused and should be kept zero. Legacy backend will write into KeyMap[] using ImGuiKey_ indices which are always >512.
+    bool        KeysDown[ImGuiKey_COUNT];           // [LEGACY] Input: Keyboard keys that are pressed (ideally left in the "native" order your engine has access to keyboard keys, so you can use your own defines/enums for keys). This used to be [512] sized. It is now ImGuiKey_COUNT to allow legacy io.KeysDown[GetKeyIndex(...)] to work without an overflow.
+    float       NavInputs[ImGuiNavInput_COUNT];     // [LEGACY] Since 1.88, NavInputs[] was removed. Backends from 1.60 to 1.86 won't build. Feed gamepad inputs via io.AddKeyEvent() and ImGuiKey_GamepadXXX enums.
+#endif
+
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // [Internal] Dear ImGui will maintain those fields. Forward compatibility not guaranteed!
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    ImGuiContext* Ctx;                              // Parent UI context (needs to be set explicitly by parent).
+
+    // Main Input State
+    // (this block used to be written by backend, since 1.87 it is best to NOT write to those directly, call the AddXXX functions above instead)
+    // (reading from those variables is fair game, as they are extremely unlikely to be moving anywhere)
+    ImVec2      MousePos;                           // Mouse position, in pixels. Set to ImVec2(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX) if mouse is unavailable (on another screen, etc.)
+    bool        MouseDown[5];                       // Mouse buttons: 0=left, 1=right, 2=middle + extras (ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT == 5). Dear ImGui mostly uses left and right buttons. Other buttons allow us to track if the mouse is being used by your application + available to user as a convenience via IsMouse** API.
+    float       MouseWheel;                         // Mouse wheel Vertical: 1 unit scrolls about 5 lines text. >0 scrolls Up, <0 scrolls Down. Hold SHIFT to turn vertical scroll into horizontal scroll.
+    float       MouseWheelH;                        // Mouse wheel Horizontal. >0 scrolls Left, <0 scrolls Right. Most users don't have a mouse with a horizontal wheel, may not be filled by all backends.
+    ImGuiMouseSource MouseSource;                   // Mouse actual input peripheral (Mouse/TouchScreen/Pen).
+    ImGuiID     MouseHoveredViewport;               // (Optional) Modify using io.AddMouseViewportEvent(). With multi-viewports: viewport the OS mouse is hovering. If possible _IGNORING_ viewports with the ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs flag is much better (few backends can handle that). Set io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport if you can provide this info. If you don't imgui will infer the value using the rectangles and last focused time of the viewports it knows about (ignoring other OS windows).
+    bool        KeyCtrl;                            // Keyboard modifier down: Control
+    bool        KeyShift;                           // Keyboard modifier down: Shift
+    bool        KeyAlt;                             // Keyboard modifier down: Alt
+    bool        KeySuper;                           // Keyboard modifier down: Cmd/Super/Windows
+
+    // Other state maintained from data above + IO function calls
+    ImGuiKeyChord KeyMods;                          // Key mods flags (any of ImGuiMod_Ctrl/ImGuiMod_Shift/ImGuiMod_Alt/ImGuiMod_Super flags, same as io.KeyCtrl/KeyShift/KeyAlt/KeySuper but merged into flags. DOES NOT CONTAINS ImGuiMod_Shortcut which is pretranslated). Read-only, updated by NewFrame()
+    ImGuiKeyData  KeysData[ImGuiKey_KeysData_SIZE]; // Key state for all known keys. Use IsKeyXXX() functions to access this.
+    bool        WantCaptureMouseUnlessPopupClose;   // Alternative to WantCaptureMouse: (WantCaptureMouse == true && WantCaptureMouseUnlessPopupClose == false) when a click over void is expected to close a popup.
+    ImVec2      MousePosPrev;                       // Previous mouse position (note that MouseDelta is not necessary == MousePos-MousePosPrev, in case either position is invalid)
+    ImVec2      MouseClickedPos[5];                 // Position at time of clicking
+    double      MouseClickedTime[5];                // Time of last click (used to figure out double-click)
+    bool        MouseClicked[5];                    // Mouse button went from !Down to Down (same as MouseClickedCount[x] != 0)
+    bool        MouseDoubleClicked[5];              // Has mouse button been double-clicked? (same as MouseClickedCount[x] == 2)
+    ImU16       MouseClickedCount[5];               // == 0 (not clicked), == 1 (same as MouseClicked[]), == 2 (double-clicked), == 3 (triple-clicked) etc. when going from !Down to Down
+    ImU16       MouseClickedLastCount[5];           // Count successive number of clicks. Stays valid after mouse release. Reset after another click is done.
+    bool        MouseReleased[5];                   // Mouse button went from Down to !Down
+    bool        MouseDownOwned[5];                  // Track if button was clicked inside a dear imgui window or over void blocked by a popup. We don't request mouse capture from the application if click started outside ImGui bounds.
+    bool        MouseDownOwnedUnlessPopupClose[5];  // Track if button was clicked inside a dear imgui window.
+    bool        MouseWheelRequestAxisSwap;          // On a non-Mac system, holding SHIFT requests WheelY to perform the equivalent of a WheelX event. On a Mac system this is already enforced by the system.
+    float       MouseDownDuration[5];               // Duration the mouse button has been down (0.0f == just clicked)
+    float       MouseDownDurationPrev[5];           // Previous time the mouse button has been down
+    ImVec2      MouseDragMaxDistanceAbs[5];         // Maximum distance, absolute, on each axis, of how much mouse has traveled from the clicking point
+    float       MouseDragMaxDistanceSqr[5];         // Squared maximum distance of how much mouse has traveled from the clicking point (used for moving thresholds)
+    float       PenPressure;                        // Touch/Pen pressure (0.0f to 1.0f, should be >0.0f only when MouseDown[0] == true). Helper storage currently unused by Dear ImGui.
+    bool        AppFocusLost;                       // Only modify via AddFocusEvent()
+    bool        AppAcceptingEvents;                 // Only modify via SetAppAcceptingEvents()
+    ImS8        BackendUsingLegacyKeyArrays;        // -1: unknown, 0: using AddKeyEvent(), 1: using legacy io.KeysDown[]
+    bool        BackendUsingLegacyNavInputArray;    // 0: using AddKeyAnalogEvent(), 1: writing to legacy io.NavInputs[] directly
+    ImWchar16   InputQueueSurrogate;                // For AddInputCharacterUTF16()
+    ImVector<ImWchar> InputQueueCharacters;         // Queue of _characters_ input (obtained by platform backend). Fill using AddInputCharacter() helper.
+
+    IMGUI_API   ImGuiIO();
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Misc data structures
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Shared state of InputText(), passed as an argument to your callback when a ImGuiInputTextFlags_Callback* flag is used.
+// The callback function should return 0 by default.
+// Callbacks (follow a flag name and see comments in ImGuiInputTextFlags_ declarations for more details)
+// - ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackEdit:        Callback on buffer edit (note that InputText() already returns true on edit, the callback is useful mainly to manipulate the underlying buffer while focus is active)
+// - ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackAlways:      Callback on each iteration
+// - ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion:  Callback on pressing TAB
+// - ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory:     Callback on pressing Up/Down arrows
+// - ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter:  Callback on character inputs to replace or discard them. Modify 'EventChar' to replace or discard, or return 1 in callback to discard.
+// - ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize:      Callback on buffer capacity changes request (beyond 'buf_size' parameter value), allowing the string to grow.
+struct ImGuiInputTextCallbackData
+{
+    ImGuiContext*       Ctx;            // Parent UI context
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags EventFlag;      // One ImGuiInputTextFlags_Callback*    // Read-only
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags Flags;          // What user passed to InputText()      // Read-only
+    void*               UserData;       // What user passed to InputText()      // Read-only
+
+    // Arguments for the different callback events
+    // - To modify the text buffer in a callback, prefer using the InsertChars() / DeleteChars() function. InsertChars() will take care of calling the resize callback if necessary.
+    // - If you know your edits are not going to resize the underlying buffer allocation, you may modify the contents of 'Buf[]' directly. You need to update 'BufTextLen' accordingly (0 <= BufTextLen < BufSize) and set 'BufDirty'' to true so InputText can update its internal state.
+    ImWchar             EventChar;      // Character input                      // Read-write   // [CharFilter] Replace character with another one, or set to zero to drop. return 1 is equivalent to setting EventChar=0;
+    ImGuiKey            EventKey;       // Key pressed (Up/Down/TAB)            // Read-only    // [Completion,History]
+    char*               Buf;            // Text buffer                          // Read-write   // [Resize] Can replace pointer / [Completion,History,Always] Only write to pointed data, don't replace the actual pointer!
+    int                 BufTextLen;     // Text length (in bytes)               // Read-write   // [Resize,Completion,History,Always] Exclude zero-terminator storage. In C land: == strlen(some_text), in C++ land: string.length()
+    int                 BufSize;        // Buffer size (in bytes) = capacity+1  // Read-only    // [Resize,Completion,History,Always] Include zero-terminator storage. In C land == ARRAYSIZE(my_char_array), in C++ land: string.capacity()+1
+    bool                BufDirty;       // Set if you modify Buf/BufTextLen!    // Write        // [Completion,History,Always]
+    int                 CursorPos;      //                                      // Read-write   // [Completion,History,Always]
+    int                 SelectionStart; //                                      // Read-write   // [Completion,History,Always] == to SelectionEnd when no selection)
+    int                 SelectionEnd;   //                                      // Read-write   // [Completion,History,Always]
+
+    // Helper functions for text manipulation.
+    // Use those function to benefit from the CallbackResize behaviors. Calling those function reset the selection.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiInputTextCallbackData();
+    IMGUI_API void      DeleteChars(int pos, int bytes_count);
+    IMGUI_API void      InsertChars(int pos, const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL);
+    void                SelectAll()             { SelectionStart = 0; SelectionEnd = BufTextLen; }
+    void                ClearSelection()        { SelectionStart = SelectionEnd = BufTextLen; }
+    bool                HasSelection() const    { return SelectionStart != SelectionEnd; }
+};
+
+// Resizing callback data to apply custom constraint. As enabled by SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(). Callback is called during the next Begin().
+// NB: For basic min/max size constraint on each axis you don't need to use the callback! The SetNextWindowSizeConstraints() parameters are enough.
+struct ImGuiSizeCallbackData
+{
+    void*   UserData;       // Read-only.   What user passed to SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(). Generally store an integer or float in here (need reinterpret_cast<>).
+    ImVec2  Pos;            // Read-only.   Window position, for reference.
+    ImVec2  CurrentSize;    // Read-only.   Current window size.
+    ImVec2  DesiredSize;    // Read-write.  Desired size, based on user's mouse position. Write to this field to restrain resizing.
+};
+
+// [ALPHA] Rarely used / very advanced uses only. Use with SetNextWindowClass() and DockSpace() functions.
+// Important: the content of this class is still highly WIP and likely to change and be refactored
+// before we stabilize Docking features. Please be mindful if using this.
+// Provide hints:
+// - To the platform backend via altered viewport flags (enable/disable OS decoration, OS task bar icons, etc.)
+// - To the platform backend for OS level parent/child relationships of viewport.
+// - To the docking system for various options and filtering.
+struct ImGuiWindowClass
+{
+    ImGuiID             ClassId;                    // User data. 0 = Default class (unclassed). Windows of different classes cannot be docked with each others.
+    ImGuiID             ParentViewportId;           // Hint for the platform backend. -1: use default. 0: request platform backend to not parent the platform. != 0: request platform backend to create a parent<>child relationship between the platform windows. Not conforming backends are free to e.g. parent every viewport to the main viewport or not.
+    ImGuiViewportFlags  ViewportFlagsOverrideSet;   // Viewport flags to set when a window of this class owns a viewport. This allows you to enforce OS decoration or task bar icon, override the defaults on a per-window basis.
+    ImGuiViewportFlags  ViewportFlagsOverrideClear; // Viewport flags to clear when a window of this class owns a viewport. This allows you to enforce OS decoration or task bar icon, override the defaults on a per-window basis.
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags   TabItemFlagsOverrideSet;    // [EXPERIMENTAL] TabItem flags to set when a window of this class gets submitted into a dock node tab bar. May use with ImGuiTabItemFlags_Leading or ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags  DockNodeFlagsOverrideSet;   // [EXPERIMENTAL] Dock node flags to set when a window of this class is hosted by a dock node (it doesn't have to be selected!)
+    bool                DockingAlwaysTabBar;        // Set to true to enforce single floating windows of this class always having their own docking node (equivalent of setting the global io.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar)
+    bool                DockingAllowUnclassed;      // Set to true to allow windows of this class to be docked/merged with an unclassed window. // FIXME-DOCK: Move to DockNodeFlags override?
+
+    ImGuiWindowClass() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); ParentViewportId = (ImGuiID)-1; DockingAllowUnclassed = true; }
+};
+
+// Data payload for Drag and Drop operations: AcceptDragDropPayload(), GetDragDropPayload()
+struct ImGuiPayload
+{
+    // Members
+    void*           Data;               // Data (copied and owned by dear imgui)
+    int             DataSize;           // Data size
+
+    // [Internal]
+    ImGuiID         SourceId;           // Source item id
+    ImGuiID         SourceParentId;     // Source parent id (if available)
+    int             DataFrameCount;     // Data timestamp
+    char            DataType[32 + 1];   // Data type tag (short user-supplied string, 32 characters max)
+    bool            Preview;            // Set when AcceptDragDropPayload() was called and mouse has been hovering the target item (nb: handle overlapping drag targets)
+    bool            Delivery;           // Set when AcceptDragDropPayload() was called and mouse button is released over the target item.
+
+    ImGuiPayload()  { Clear(); }
+    void Clear()    { SourceId = SourceParentId = 0; Data = NULL; DataSize = 0; memset(DataType, 0, sizeof(DataType)); DataFrameCount = -1; Preview = Delivery = false; }
+    bool IsDataType(const char* type) const { return DataFrameCount != -1 && strcmp(type, DataType) == 0; }
+    bool IsPreview() const                  { return Preview; }
+    bool IsDelivery() const                 { return Delivery; }
+};
+
+// Sorting specification for one column of a table (sizeof == 12 bytes)
+struct ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs
+{
+    ImGuiID                     ColumnUserID;       // User id of the column (if specified by a TableSetupColumn() call)
+    ImS16                       ColumnIndex;        // Index of the column
+    ImS16                       SortOrder;          // Index within parent ImGuiTableSortSpecs (always stored in order starting from 0, tables sorted on a single criteria will always have a 0 here)
+    ImGuiSortDirection          SortDirection : 8;  // ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending or ImGuiSortDirection_Descending (you can use this or SortSign, whichever is more convenient for your sort function)
+
+    ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+// Sorting specifications for a table (often handling sort specs for a single column, occasionally more)
+// Obtained by calling TableGetSortSpecs().
+// When 'SpecsDirty == true' you can sort your data. It will be true with sorting specs have changed since last call, or the first time.
+// Make sure to set 'SpecsDirty = false' after sorting, else you may wastefully sort your data every frame!
+struct ImGuiTableSortSpecs
+{
+    const ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs* Specs;     // Pointer to sort spec array.
+    int                         SpecsCount;     // Sort spec count. Most often 1. May be > 1 when ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti is enabled. May be == 0 when ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate is enabled.
+    bool                        SpecsDirty;     // Set to true when specs have changed since last time! Use this to sort again, then clear the flag.
+
+    ImGuiTableSortSpecs()       { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Helpers (ImGuiOnceUponAFrame, ImGuiTextFilter, ImGuiTextBuffer, ImGuiStorage, ImGuiListClipper, Math Operators, ImColor)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helper: Unicode defines
+#define IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID 0xFFFD     // Invalid Unicode code point (standard value).
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_WCHAR32
+#define IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX     0x10FFFF   // Maximum Unicode code point supported by this build.
+#else
+#define IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX     0xFFFF     // Maximum Unicode code point supported by this build.
+#endif
+
+// Helper: Execute a block of code at maximum once a frame. Convenient if you want to quickly create a UI within deep-nested code that runs multiple times every frame.
+// Usage: static ImGuiOnceUponAFrame oaf; if (oaf) ImGui::Text("This will be called only once per frame");
+struct ImGuiOnceUponAFrame
+{
+    ImGuiOnceUponAFrame() { RefFrame = -1; }
+    mutable int RefFrame;
+    operator bool() const { int current_frame = ImGui::GetFrameCount(); if (RefFrame == current_frame) return false; RefFrame = current_frame; return true; }
+};
+
+// Helper: Parse and apply text filters. In format "aaaaa[,bbbb][,ccccc]"
+struct ImGuiTextFilter
+{
+    IMGUI_API           ImGuiTextFilter(const char* default_filter = "");
+    IMGUI_API bool      Draw(const char* label = "Filter (inc,-exc)", float width = 0.0f);  // Helper calling InputText+Build
+    IMGUI_API bool      PassFilter(const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL) const;
+    IMGUI_API void      Build();
+    void                Clear()          { InputBuf[0] = 0; Build(); }
+    bool                IsActive() const { return !Filters.empty(); }
+
+    // [Internal]
+    struct ImGuiTextRange
+    {
+        const char*     b;
+        const char*     e;
+
+        ImGuiTextRange()                                { b = e = NULL; }
+        ImGuiTextRange(const char* _b, const char* _e)  { b = _b; e = _e; }
+        bool            empty() const                   { return b == e; }
+        IMGUI_API void  split(char separator, ImVector<ImGuiTextRange>* out) const;
+    };
+    char                    InputBuf[256];
+    ImVector<ImGuiTextRange>Filters;
+    int                     CountGrep;
+};
+
+// Helper: Growable text buffer for logging/accumulating text
+// (this could be called 'ImGuiTextBuilder' / 'ImGuiStringBuilder')
+struct ImGuiTextBuffer
+{
+    ImVector<char>      Buf;
+    IMGUI_API static char EmptyString[1];
+
+    ImGuiTextBuffer()   { }
+    inline char         operator[](int i) const { IM_ASSERT(Buf.Data != NULL); return Buf.Data[i]; }
+    const char*         begin() const           { return Buf.Data ? &Buf.front() : EmptyString; }
+    const char*         end() const             { return Buf.Data ? &Buf.back() : EmptyString; }   // Buf is zero-terminated, so end() will point on the zero-terminator
+    int                 size() const            { return Buf.Size ? Buf.Size - 1 : 0; }
+    bool                empty() const           { return Buf.Size <= 1; }
+    void                clear()                 { Buf.clear(); }
+    void                reserve(int capacity)   { Buf.reserve(capacity); }
+    const char*         c_str() const           { return Buf.Data ? Buf.Data : EmptyString; }
+    IMGUI_API void      append(const char* str, const char* str_end = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void      appendf(const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(2);
+    IMGUI_API void      appendfv(const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(2);
+};
+
+// Helper: Key->Value storage
+// Typically you don't have to worry about this since a storage is held within each Window.
+// We use it to e.g. store collapse state for a tree (Int 0/1)
+// This is optimized for efficient lookup (dichotomy into a contiguous buffer) and rare insertion (typically tied to user interactions aka max once a frame)
+// You can use it as custom user storage for temporary values. Declare your own storage if, for example:
+// - You want to manipulate the open/close state of a particular sub-tree in your interface (tree node uses Int 0/1 to store their state).
+// - You want to store custom debug data easily without adding or editing structures in your code (probably not efficient, but convenient)
+// Types are NOT stored, so it is up to you to make sure your Key don't collide with different types.
+struct ImGuiStorage
+{
+    // [Internal]
+    struct ImGuiStoragePair
+    {
+        ImGuiID key;
+        union { int val_i; float val_f; void* val_p; };
+        ImGuiStoragePair(ImGuiID _key, int _val_i)      { key = _key; val_i = _val_i; }
+        ImGuiStoragePair(ImGuiID _key, float _val_f)    { key = _key; val_f = _val_f; }
+        ImGuiStoragePair(ImGuiID _key, void* _val_p)    { key = _key; val_p = _val_p; }
+    };
+
+    ImVector<ImGuiStoragePair>      Data;
+
+    // - Get***() functions find pair, never add/allocate. Pairs are sorted so a query is O(log N)
+    // - Set***() functions find pair, insertion on demand if missing.
+    // - Sorted insertion is costly, paid once. A typical frame shouldn't need to insert any new pair.
+    void                Clear() { Data.clear(); }
+    IMGUI_API int       GetInt(ImGuiID key, int default_val = 0) const;
+    IMGUI_API void      SetInt(ImGuiID key, int val);
+    IMGUI_API bool      GetBool(ImGuiID key, bool default_val = false) const;
+    IMGUI_API void      SetBool(ImGuiID key, bool val);
+    IMGUI_API float     GetFloat(ImGuiID key, float default_val = 0.0f) const;
+    IMGUI_API void      SetFloat(ImGuiID key, float val);
+    IMGUI_API void*     GetVoidPtr(ImGuiID key) const; // default_val is NULL
+    IMGUI_API void      SetVoidPtr(ImGuiID key, void* val);
+
+    // - Get***Ref() functions finds pair, insert on demand if missing, return pointer. Useful if you intend to do Get+Set.
+    // - References are only valid until a new value is added to the storage. Calling a Set***() function or a Get***Ref() function invalidates the pointer.
+    // - A typical use case where this is convenient for quick hacking (e.g. add storage during a live Edit&Continue session if you can't modify existing struct)
+    //      float* pvar = ImGui::GetFloatRef(key); ImGui::SliderFloat("var", pvar, 0, 100.0f); some_var += *pvar;
+    IMGUI_API int*      GetIntRef(ImGuiID key, int default_val = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool*     GetBoolRef(ImGuiID key, bool default_val = false);
+    IMGUI_API float*    GetFloatRef(ImGuiID key, float default_val = 0.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void**    GetVoidPtrRef(ImGuiID key, void* default_val = NULL);
+
+    // Use on your own storage if you know only integer are being stored (open/close all tree nodes)
+    IMGUI_API void      SetAllInt(int val);
+
+    // For quicker full rebuild of a storage (instead of an incremental one), you may add all your contents and then sort once.
+    IMGUI_API void      BuildSortByKey();
+};
+
+// Helper: Manually clip large list of items.
+// If you have lots evenly spaced items and you have random access to the list, you can perform coarse
+// clipping based on visibility to only submit items that are in view.
+// The clipper calculates the range of visible items and advance the cursor to compensate for the non-visible items we have skipped.
+// (Dear ImGui already clip items based on their bounds but: it needs to first layout the item to do so, and generally
+//  fetching/submitting your own data incurs additional cost. Coarse clipping using ImGuiListClipper allows you to easily
+//  scale using lists with tens of thousands of items without a problem)
+// Usage:
+//   ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+//   clipper.Begin(1000);         // We have 1000 elements, evenly spaced.
+//   while (clipper.Step())
+//       for (int i = clipper.DisplayStart; i < clipper.DisplayEnd; i++)
+//           ImGui::Text("line number %d", i);
+// Generally what happens is:
+// - Clipper lets you process the first element (DisplayStart = 0, DisplayEnd = 1) regardless of it being visible or not.
+// - User code submit that one element.
+// - Clipper can measure the height of the first element
+// - Clipper calculate the actual range of elements to display based on the current clipping rectangle, position the cursor before the first visible element.
+// - User code submit visible elements.
+// - The clipper also handles various subtleties related to keyboard/gamepad navigation, wrapping etc.
+struct ImGuiListClipper
+{
+    ImGuiContext*   Ctx;                // Parent UI context
+    int             DisplayStart;       // First item to display, updated by each call to Step()
+    int             DisplayEnd;         // End of items to display (exclusive)
+    int             ItemsCount;         // [Internal] Number of items
+    float           ItemsHeight;        // [Internal] Height of item after a first step and item submission can calculate it
+    float           StartPosY;          // [Internal] Cursor position at the time of Begin() or after table frozen rows are all processed
+    void*           TempData;           // [Internal] Internal data
+
+    // items_count: Use INT_MAX if you don't know how many items you have (in which case the cursor won't be advanced in the final step)
+    // items_height: Use -1.0f to be calculated automatically on first step. Otherwise pass in the distance between your items, typically GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() or GetFrameHeightWithSpacing().
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiListClipper();
+    IMGUI_API ~ImGuiListClipper();
+    IMGUI_API void  Begin(int items_count, float items_height = -1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void  End();             // Automatically called on the last call of Step() that returns false.
+    IMGUI_API bool  Step();            // Call until it returns false. The DisplayStart/DisplayEnd fields will be set and you can process/draw those items.
+
+    // Call ForceDisplayRangeByIndices() before first call to Step() if you need a range of items to be displayed regardless of visibility.
+    IMGUI_API void  ForceDisplayRangeByIndices(int item_min, int item_max); // item_max is exclusive e.g. use (42, 42+1) to make item 42 always visible BUT due to alignment/padding of certain items it is likely that an extra item may be included on either end of the display range.
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    inline ImGuiListClipper(int items_count, float items_height = -1.0f) { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); ItemsCount = -1; Begin(items_count, items_height); } // [removed in 1.79]
+#endif
+};
+
+// Helpers: ImVec2/ImVec4 operators
+// - It is important that we are keeping those disabled by default so they don't leak in user space.
+// - This is in order to allow user enabling implicit cast operators between ImVec2/ImVec4 and their own types (using IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA in imconfig.h)
+// - You can use '#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS' to import our operators, provided as a courtesy.
+// - We unfortunately don't have a unary- operator for ImVec2 because this would needs to be defined inside the class itself.
+#ifdef IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS_IMPLEMENTED
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+static inline ImVec2  operator*(const ImVec2& lhs, const float rhs)     { return ImVec2(lhs.x * rhs, lhs.y * rhs); }
+static inline ImVec2  operator/(const ImVec2& lhs, const float rhs)     { return ImVec2(lhs.x / rhs, lhs.y / rhs); }
+static inline ImVec2  operator+(const ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)   { return ImVec2(lhs.x + rhs.x, lhs.y + rhs.y); }
+static inline ImVec2  operator-(const ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)   { return ImVec2(lhs.x - rhs.x, lhs.y - rhs.y); }
+static inline ImVec2  operator*(const ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)   { return ImVec2(lhs.x * rhs.x, lhs.y * rhs.y); }
+static inline ImVec2  operator/(const ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)   { return ImVec2(lhs.x / rhs.x, lhs.y / rhs.y); }
+static inline ImVec2& operator*=(ImVec2& lhs, const float rhs)          { lhs.x *= rhs; lhs.y *= rhs; return lhs; }
+static inline ImVec2& operator/=(ImVec2& lhs, const float rhs)          { lhs.x /= rhs; lhs.y /= rhs; return lhs; }
+static inline ImVec2& operator+=(ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)        { lhs.x += rhs.x; lhs.y += rhs.y; return lhs; }
+static inline ImVec2& operator-=(ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)        { lhs.x -= rhs.x; lhs.y -= rhs.y; return lhs; }
+static inline ImVec2& operator*=(ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)        { lhs.x *= rhs.x; lhs.y *= rhs.y; return lhs; }
+static inline ImVec2& operator/=(ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)        { lhs.x /= rhs.x; lhs.y /= rhs.y; return lhs; }
+static inline ImVec4  operator+(const ImVec4& lhs, const ImVec4& rhs)   { return ImVec4(lhs.x + rhs.x, lhs.y + rhs.y, lhs.z + rhs.z, lhs.w + rhs.w); }
+static inline ImVec4  operator-(const ImVec4& lhs, const ImVec4& rhs)   { return ImVec4(lhs.x - rhs.x, lhs.y - rhs.y, lhs.z - rhs.z, lhs.w - rhs.w); }
+static inline ImVec4  operator*(const ImVec4& lhs, const ImVec4& rhs)   { return ImVec4(lhs.x * rhs.x, lhs.y * rhs.y, lhs.z * rhs.z, lhs.w * rhs.w); }
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+#endif
+
+// Helpers macros to generate 32-bit encoded colors
+// User can declare their own format by #defining the 5 _SHIFT/_MASK macros in their imconfig file.
+#ifndef IM_COL32_R_SHIFT
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_BGRA_PACKED_COLOR
+#define IM_COL32_R_SHIFT    16
+#define IM_COL32_G_SHIFT    8
+#define IM_COL32_B_SHIFT    0
+#define IM_COL32_A_SHIFT    24
+#define IM_COL32_A_MASK     0xFF000000
+#else
+#define IM_COL32_R_SHIFT    0
+#define IM_COL32_G_SHIFT    8
+#define IM_COL32_B_SHIFT    16
+#define IM_COL32_A_SHIFT    24
+#define IM_COL32_A_MASK     0xFF000000
+#endif
+#endif
+#define IM_COL32(R,G,B,A)    (((ImU32)(A)<<IM_COL32_A_SHIFT) | ((ImU32)(B)<<IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) | ((ImU32)(G)<<IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) | ((ImU32)(R)<<IM_COL32_R_SHIFT))
+#define IM_COL32_WHITE       IM_COL32(255,255,255,255)  // Opaque white = 0xFFFFFFFF
+#define IM_COL32_BLACK       IM_COL32(0,0,0,255)        // Opaque black
+#define IM_COL32_BLACK_TRANS IM_COL32(0,0,0,0)          // Transparent black = 0x00000000
+
+// Helper: ImColor() implicitly converts colors to either ImU32 (packed 4x1 byte) or ImVec4 (4x1 float)
+// Prefer using IM_COL32() macros if you want a guaranteed compile-time ImU32 for usage with ImDrawList API.
+// **Avoid storing ImColor! Store either u32 of ImVec4. This is not a full-featured color class. MAY OBSOLETE.
+// **None of the ImGui API are using ImColor directly but you can use it as a convenience to pass colors in either ImU32 or ImVec4 formats. Explicitly cast to ImU32 or ImVec4 if needed.
+struct ImColor
+{
+    ImVec4          Value;
+
+    constexpr ImColor()                                             { }
+    constexpr ImColor(float r, float g, float b, float a = 1.0f)    : Value(r, g, b, a) { }
+    constexpr ImColor(const ImVec4& col)                            : Value(col) {}
+    ImColor(int r, int g, int b, int a = 255)                       { float sc = 1.0f / 255.0f; Value.x = (float)r * sc; Value.y = (float)g * sc; Value.z = (float)b * sc; Value.w = (float)a * sc; }
+    ImColor(ImU32 rgba)                                             { float sc = 1.0f / 255.0f; Value.x = (float)((rgba >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * sc; Value.y = (float)((rgba >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * sc; Value.z = (float)((rgba >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * sc; Value.w = (float)((rgba >> IM_COL32_A_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * sc; }
+    inline operator ImU32() const                                   { return ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(Value); }
+    inline operator ImVec4() const                                  { return Value; }
+
+    // FIXME-OBSOLETE: May need to obsolete/cleanup those helpers.
+    inline void    SetHSV(float h, float s, float v, float a = 1.0f){ ImGui::ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(h, s, v, Value.x, Value.y, Value.z); Value.w = a; }
+    static ImColor HSV(float h, float s, float v, float a = 1.0f)   { float r, g, b; ImGui::ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(h, s, v, r, g, b); return ImColor(r, g, b, a); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Drawing API (ImDrawCmd, ImDrawIdx, ImDrawVert, ImDrawChannel, ImDrawListSplitter, ImDrawListFlags, ImDrawList, ImDrawData)
+// Hold a series of drawing commands. The user provides a renderer for ImDrawData which essentially contains an array of ImDrawList.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The maximum line width to bake anti-aliased textures for. Build atlas with ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines to disable baking.
+#ifndef IM_DRAWLIST_TEX_LINES_WIDTH_MAX
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_TEX_LINES_WIDTH_MAX     (63)
+#endif
+
+// ImDrawCallback: Draw callbacks for advanced uses [configurable type: override in imconfig.h]
+// NB: You most likely do NOT need to use draw callbacks just to create your own widget or customized UI rendering,
+// you can poke into the draw list for that! Draw callback may be useful for example to:
+//  A) Change your GPU render state,
+//  B) render a complex 3D scene inside a UI element without an intermediate texture/render target, etc.
+// The expected behavior from your rendering function is 'if (cmd.UserCallback != NULL) { cmd.UserCallback(parent_list, cmd); } else { RenderTriangles() }'
+// If you want to override the signature of ImDrawCallback, you can simply use e.g. '#define ImDrawCallback MyDrawCallback' (in imconfig.h) + update rendering backend accordingly.
+#ifndef ImDrawCallback
+typedef void (*ImDrawCallback)(const ImDrawList* parent_list, const ImDrawCmd* cmd);
+#endif
+
+// Special Draw callback value to request renderer backend to reset the graphics/render state.
+// The renderer backend needs to handle this special value, otherwise it will crash trying to call a function at this address.
+// This is useful for example if you submitted callbacks which you know have altered the render state and you want it to be restored.
+// It is not done by default because they are many perfectly useful way of altering render state for imgui contents (e.g. changing shader/blending settings before an Image call).
+#define ImDrawCallback_ResetRenderState     (ImDrawCallback)(-1)
+
+// Typically, 1 command = 1 GPU draw call (unless command is a callback)
+// - VtxOffset: When 'io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset' is enabled,
+//   this fields allow us to render meshes larger than 64K vertices while keeping 16-bit indices.
+//   Backends made for <1.71. will typically ignore the VtxOffset fields.
+// - The ClipRect/TextureId/VtxOffset fields must be contiguous as we memcmp() them together (this is asserted for).
+struct ImDrawCmd
+{
+    ImVec4          ClipRect;           // 4*4  // Clipping rectangle (x1, y1, x2, y2). Subtract ImDrawData->DisplayPos to get clipping rectangle in "viewport" coordinates
+    ImTextureID     TextureId;          // 4-8  // User-provided texture ID. Set by user in ImfontAtlas::SetTexID() for fonts or passed to Image*() functions. Ignore if never using images or multiple fonts atlas.
+    unsigned int    VtxOffset;          // 4    // Start offset in vertex buffer. ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset: always 0, otherwise may be >0 to support meshes larger than 64K vertices with 16-bit indices.
+    unsigned int    IdxOffset;          // 4    // Start offset in index buffer.
+    unsigned int    ElemCount;          // 4    // Number of indices (multiple of 3) to be rendered as triangles. Vertices are stored in the callee ImDrawList's vtx_buffer[] array, indices in idx_buffer[].
+    ImDrawCallback  UserCallback;       // 4-8  // If != NULL, call the function instead of rendering the vertices. clip_rect and texture_id will be set normally.
+    void*           UserCallbackData;   // 4-8  // The draw callback code can access this.
+
+    ImDrawCmd() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); } // Also ensure our padding fields are zeroed
+
+    // Since 1.83: returns ImTextureID associated with this draw call. Warning: DO NOT assume this is always same as 'TextureId' (we will change this function for an upcoming feature)
+    inline ImTextureID GetTexID() const { return TextureId; }
+};
+
+// Vertex layout
+#ifndef IMGUI_OVERRIDE_DRAWVERT_STRUCT_LAYOUT
+struct ImDrawVert
+{
+    ImVec2  pos;
+    ImVec2  uv;
+    ImU32   col;
+};
+#else
+// You can override the vertex format layout by defining IMGUI_OVERRIDE_DRAWVERT_STRUCT_LAYOUT in imconfig.h
+// The code expect ImVec2 pos (8 bytes), ImVec2 uv (8 bytes), ImU32 col (4 bytes), but you can re-order them or add other fields as needed to simplify integration in your engine.
+// The type has to be described within the macro (you can either declare the struct or use a typedef). This is because ImVec2/ImU32 are likely not declared at the time you'd want to set your type up.
+// NOTE: IMGUI DOESN'T CLEAR THE STRUCTURE AND DOESN'T CALL A CONSTRUCTOR SO ANY CUSTOM FIELD WILL BE UNINITIALIZED. IF YOU ADD EXTRA FIELDS (SUCH AS A 'Z' COORDINATES) YOU WILL NEED TO CLEAR THEM DURING RENDER OR TO IGNORE THEM.
+IMGUI_OVERRIDE_DRAWVERT_STRUCT_LAYOUT;
+#endif
+
+// [Internal] For use by ImDrawList
+struct ImDrawCmdHeader
+{
+    ImVec4          ClipRect;
+    ImTextureID     TextureId;
+    unsigned int    VtxOffset;
+};
+
+// [Internal] For use by ImDrawListSplitter
+struct ImDrawChannel
+{
+    ImVector<ImDrawCmd>         _CmdBuffer;
+    ImVector<ImDrawIdx>         _IdxBuffer;
+};
+
+
+// Split/Merge functions are used to split the draw list into different layers which can be drawn into out of order.
+// This is used by the Columns/Tables API, so items of each column can be batched together in a same draw call.
+struct ImDrawListSplitter
+{
+    int                         _Current;    // Current channel number (0)
+    int                         _Count;      // Number of active channels (1+)
+    ImVector<ImDrawChannel>     _Channels;   // Draw channels (not resized down so _Count might be < Channels.Size)
+
+    inline ImDrawListSplitter()  { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    inline ~ImDrawListSplitter() { ClearFreeMemory(); }
+    inline void                 Clear() { _Current = 0; _Count = 1; } // Do not clear Channels[] so our allocations are reused next frame
+    IMGUI_API void              ClearFreeMemory();
+    IMGUI_API void              Split(ImDrawList* draw_list, int count);
+    IMGUI_API void              Merge(ImDrawList* draw_list);
+    IMGUI_API void              SetCurrentChannel(ImDrawList* draw_list, int channel_idx);
+};
+
+// Flags for ImDrawList functions
+// (Legacy: bit 0 must always correspond to ImDrawFlags_Closed to be backward compatible with old API using a bool. Bits 1..3 must be unused)
+enum ImDrawFlags_
+{
+    ImDrawFlags_None                        = 0,
+    ImDrawFlags_Closed                      = 1 << 0, // PathStroke(), AddPolyline(): specify that shape should be closed (Important: this is always == 1 for legacy reason)
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft         = 1 << 4, // AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), PathRect(): enable rounding top-left corner only (when rounding > 0.0f, we default to all corners). Was 0x01.
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight        = 1 << 5, // AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), PathRect(): enable rounding top-right corner only (when rounding > 0.0f, we default to all corners). Was 0x02.
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft      = 1 << 6, // AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), PathRect(): enable rounding bottom-left corner only (when rounding > 0.0f, we default to all corners). Was 0x04.
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight     = 1 << 7, // AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), PathRect(): enable rounding bottom-right corner only (when rounding > 0.0f, we default to all corners). Wax 0x08.
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone            = 1 << 8, // AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), PathRect(): disable rounding on all corners (when rounding > 0.0f). This is NOT zero, NOT an implicit flag!
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTop             = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight,
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottom          = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight,
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersLeft            = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft,
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersRight           = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight,
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll             = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight,
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersDefault_        = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll, // Default to ALL corners if none of the _RoundCornersXX flags are specified.
+    ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersMask_           = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone,
+};
+
+// Flags for ImDrawList instance. Those are set automatically by ImGui:: functions from ImGuiIO settings, and generally not manipulated directly.
+// It is however possible to temporarily alter flags between calls to ImDrawList:: functions.
+enum ImDrawListFlags_
+{
+    ImDrawListFlags_None                    = 0,
+    ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLines        = 1 << 0,  // Enable anti-aliased lines/borders (*2 the number of triangles for 1.0f wide line or lines thin enough to be drawn using textures, otherwise *3 the number of triangles)
+    ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLinesUseTex  = 1 << 1,  // Enable anti-aliased lines/borders using textures when possible. Require backend to render with bilinear filtering (NOT point/nearest filtering).
+    ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedFill         = 1 << 2,  // Enable anti-aliased edge around filled shapes (rounded rectangles, circles).
+    ImDrawListFlags_AllowVtxOffset          = 1 << 3,  // Can emit 'VtxOffset > 0' to allow large meshes. Set when 'ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset' is enabled.
+};
+
+// Draw command list
+// This is the low-level list of polygons that ImGui:: functions are filling. At the end of the frame,
+// all command lists are passed to your ImGuiIO::RenderDrawListFn function for rendering.
+// Each dear imgui window contains its own ImDrawList. You can use ImGui::GetWindowDrawList() to
+// access the current window draw list and draw custom primitives.
+// You can interleave normal ImGui:: calls and adding primitives to the current draw list.
+// In single viewport mode, top-left is == GetMainViewport()->Pos (generally 0,0), bottom-right is == GetMainViewport()->Pos+Size (generally io.DisplaySize).
+// You are totally free to apply whatever transformation matrix to want to the data (depending on the use of the transformation you may want to apply it to ClipRect as well!)
+// Important: Primitives are always added to the list and not culled (culling is done at higher-level by ImGui:: functions), if you use this API a lot consider coarse culling your drawn objects.
+struct ImDrawList
+{
+    // This is what you have to render
+    ImVector<ImDrawCmd>     CmdBuffer;          // Draw commands. Typically 1 command = 1 GPU draw call, unless the command is a callback.
+    ImVector<ImDrawIdx>     IdxBuffer;          // Index buffer. Each command consume ImDrawCmd::ElemCount of those
+    ImVector<ImDrawVert>    VtxBuffer;          // Vertex buffer.
+    ImDrawListFlags         Flags;              // Flags, you may poke into these to adjust anti-aliasing settings per-primitive.
+
+    // [Internal, used while building lists]
+    unsigned int            _VtxCurrentIdx;     // [Internal] generally == VtxBuffer.Size unless we are past 64K vertices, in which case this gets reset to 0.
+    ImDrawListSharedData*   _Data;              // Pointer to shared draw data (you can use ImGui::GetDrawListSharedData() to get the one from current ImGui context)
+    const char*             _OwnerName;         // Pointer to owner window's name for debugging
+    ImDrawVert*             _VtxWritePtr;       // [Internal] point within VtxBuffer.Data after each add command (to avoid using the ImVector<> operators too much)
+    ImDrawIdx*              _IdxWritePtr;       // [Internal] point within IdxBuffer.Data after each add command (to avoid using the ImVector<> operators too much)
+    ImVector<ImVec4>        _ClipRectStack;     // [Internal]
+    ImVector<ImTextureID>   _TextureIdStack;    // [Internal]
+    ImVector<ImVec2>        _Path;              // [Internal] current path building
+    ImDrawCmdHeader         _CmdHeader;         // [Internal] template of active commands. Fields should match those of CmdBuffer.back().
+    ImDrawListSplitter      _Splitter;          // [Internal] for channels api (note: prefer using your own persistent instance of ImDrawListSplitter!)
+    float                   _FringeScale;       // [Internal] anti-alias fringe is scaled by this value, this helps to keep things sharp while zooming at vertex buffer content
+
+    // If you want to create ImDrawList instances, pass them ImGui::GetDrawListSharedData() or create and use your own ImDrawListSharedData (so you can use ImDrawList without ImGui)
+    ImDrawList(ImDrawListSharedData* shared_data) { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); _Data = shared_data; }
+
+    ~ImDrawList() { _ClearFreeMemory(); }
+    IMGUI_API void  PushClipRect(const ImVec2& clip_rect_min, const ImVec2& clip_rect_max, bool intersect_with_current_clip_rect = false);  // Render-level scissoring. This is passed down to your render function but not used for CPU-side coarse clipping. Prefer using higher-level ImGui::PushClipRect() to affect logic (hit-testing and widget culling)
+    IMGUI_API void  PushClipRectFullScreen();
+    IMGUI_API void  PopClipRect();
+    IMGUI_API void  PushTextureID(ImTextureID texture_id);
+    IMGUI_API void  PopTextureID();
+    inline ImVec2   GetClipRectMin() const { const ImVec4& cr = _ClipRectStack.back(); return ImVec2(cr.x, cr.y); }
+    inline ImVec2   GetClipRectMax() const { const ImVec4& cr = _ClipRectStack.back(); return ImVec2(cr.z, cr.w); }
+
+    // Primitives
+    // - Filled shapes must always use clockwise winding order. The anti-aliasing fringe depends on it. Counter-clockwise shapes will have "inward" anti-aliasing.
+    // - For rectangular primitives, "p_min" and "p_max" represent the upper-left and lower-right corners.
+    // - For circle primitives, use "num_segments == 0" to automatically calculate tessellation (preferred).
+    //   In older versions (until Dear ImGui 1.77) the AddCircle functions defaulted to num_segments == 12.
+    //   In future versions we will use textures to provide cheaper and higher-quality circles.
+    //   Use AddNgon() and AddNgonFilled() functions if you need to guarantee a specific number of sides.
+    IMGUI_API void  AddLine(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, ImU32 col, float thickness = 1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddRect(const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, ImU32 col, float rounding = 0.0f, ImDrawFlags flags = 0, float thickness = 1.0f);   // a: upper-left, b: lower-right (== upper-left + size)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddRectFilled(const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, ImU32 col, float rounding = 0.0f, ImDrawFlags flags = 0);                     // a: upper-left, b: lower-right (== upper-left + size)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddRectFilledMultiColor(const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, ImU32 col_upr_left, ImU32 col_upr_right, ImU32 col_bot_right, ImU32 col_bot_left);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddQuad(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, ImU32 col, float thickness = 1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddQuadFilled(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddTriangle(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, ImU32 col, float thickness = 1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddTriangleFilled(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddCircle(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments = 0, float thickness = 1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddCircleFilled(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddNgon(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments, float thickness = 1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddNgonFilled(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddText(const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddText(const ImFont* font, float font_size, const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end = NULL, float wrap_width = 0.0f, const ImVec4* cpu_fine_clip_rect = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddPolyline(const ImVec2* points, int num_points, ImU32 col, ImDrawFlags flags, float thickness);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddConvexPolyFilled(const ImVec2* points, int num_points, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddBezierCubic(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, ImU32 col, float thickness, int num_segments = 0); // Cubic Bezier (4 control points)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddBezierQuadratic(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, ImU32 col, float thickness, int num_segments = 0);               // Quadratic Bezier (3 control points)
+
+    // Image primitives
+    // - Read FAQ to understand what ImTextureID is.
+    // - "p_min" and "p_max" represent the upper-left and lower-right corners of the rectangle.
+    // - "uv_min" and "uv_max" represent the normalized texture coordinates to use for those corners. Using (0,0)->(1,1) texture coordinates will generally display the entire texture.
+    IMGUI_API void  AddImage(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, const ImVec2& uv_min = ImVec2(0, 0), const ImVec2& uv_max = ImVec2(1, 1), ImU32 col = IM_COL32_WHITE);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddImageQuad(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, const ImVec2& uv1 = ImVec2(0, 0), const ImVec2& uv2 = ImVec2(1, 0), const ImVec2& uv3 = ImVec2(1, 1), const ImVec2& uv4 = ImVec2(0, 1), ImU32 col = IM_COL32_WHITE);
+    IMGUI_API void  AddImageRounded(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, const ImVec2& uv_min, const ImVec2& uv_max, ImU32 col, float rounding, ImDrawFlags flags = 0);
+
+    // Stateful path API, add points then finish with PathFillConvex() or PathStroke()
+    // - Filled shapes must always use clockwise winding order. The anti-aliasing fringe depends on it. Counter-clockwise shapes will have "inward" anti-aliasing.
+    inline    void  PathClear()                                                 { _Path.Size = 0; }
+    inline    void  PathLineTo(const ImVec2& pos)                               { _Path.push_back(pos); }
+    inline    void  PathLineToMergeDuplicate(const ImVec2& pos)                 { if (_Path.Size == 0 || memcmp(&_Path.Data[_Path.Size - 1], &pos, 8) != 0) _Path.push_back(pos); }
+    inline    void  PathFillConvex(ImU32 col)                                   { AddConvexPolyFilled(_Path.Data, _Path.Size, col); _Path.Size = 0; }
+    inline    void  PathStroke(ImU32 col, ImDrawFlags flags = 0, float thickness = 1.0f) { AddPolyline(_Path.Data, _Path.Size, col, flags, thickness); _Path.Size = 0; }
+    IMGUI_API void  PathArcTo(const ImVec2& center, float radius, float a_min, float a_max, int num_segments = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void  PathArcToFast(const ImVec2& center, float radius, int a_min_of_12, int a_max_of_12);                // Use precomputed angles for a 12 steps circle
+    IMGUI_API void  PathBezierCubicCurveTo(const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, int num_segments = 0); // Cubic Bezier (4 control points)
+    IMGUI_API void  PathBezierQuadraticCurveTo(const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, int num_segments = 0);               // Quadratic Bezier (3 control points)
+    IMGUI_API void  PathRect(const ImVec2& rect_min, const ImVec2& rect_max, float rounding = 0.0f, ImDrawFlags flags = 0);
+
+    // Advanced
+    IMGUI_API void  AddCallback(ImDrawCallback callback, void* callback_data);  // Your rendering function must check for 'UserCallback' in ImDrawCmd and call the function instead of rendering triangles.
+    IMGUI_API void  AddDrawCmd();                                               // This is useful if you need to forcefully create a new draw call (to allow for dependent rendering / blending). Otherwise primitives are merged into the same draw-call as much as possible
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawList* CloneOutput() const;                                  // Create a clone of the CmdBuffer/IdxBuffer/VtxBuffer.
+
+    // Advanced: Channels
+    // - Use to split render into layers. By switching channels to can render out-of-order (e.g. submit FG primitives before BG primitives)
+    // - Use to minimize draw calls (e.g. if going back-and-forth between multiple clipping rectangles, prefer to append into separate channels then merge at the end)
+    // - FIXME-OBSOLETE: This API shouldn't have been in ImDrawList in the first place!
+    //   Prefer using your own persistent instance of ImDrawListSplitter as you can stack them.
+    //   Using the ImDrawList::ChannelsXXXX you cannot stack a split over another.
+    inline void     ChannelsSplit(int count)    { _Splitter.Split(this, count); }
+    inline void     ChannelsMerge()             { _Splitter.Merge(this); }
+    inline void     ChannelsSetCurrent(int n)   { _Splitter.SetCurrentChannel(this, n); }
+
+    // Advanced: Primitives allocations
+    // - We render triangles (three vertices)
+    // - All primitives needs to be reserved via PrimReserve() beforehand.
+    IMGUI_API void  PrimReserve(int idx_count, int vtx_count);
+    IMGUI_API void  PrimUnreserve(int idx_count, int vtx_count);
+    IMGUI_API void  PrimRect(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, ImU32 col);      // Axis aligned rectangle (composed of two triangles)
+    IMGUI_API void  PrimRectUV(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& uv_a, const ImVec2& uv_b, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void  PrimQuadUV(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& d, const ImVec2& uv_a, const ImVec2& uv_b, const ImVec2& uv_c, const ImVec2& uv_d, ImU32 col);
+    inline    void  PrimWriteVtx(const ImVec2& pos, const ImVec2& uv, ImU32 col)    { _VtxWritePtr->pos = pos; _VtxWritePtr->uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr->col = col; _VtxWritePtr++; _VtxCurrentIdx++; }
+    inline    void  PrimWriteIdx(ImDrawIdx idx)                                     { *_IdxWritePtr = idx; _IdxWritePtr++; }
+    inline    void  PrimVtx(const ImVec2& pos, const ImVec2& uv, ImU32 col)         { PrimWriteIdx((ImDrawIdx)_VtxCurrentIdx); PrimWriteVtx(pos, uv, col); } // Write vertex with unique index
+
+    // Obsolete names
+    //inline  void  AddBezierCurve(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, ImU32 col, float thickness, int num_segments = 0) { AddBezierCubic(p1, p2, p3, p4, col, thickness, num_segments); } // OBSOLETED in 1.80 (Jan 2021)
+    //inline  void  PathBezierCurveTo(const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, int num_segments = 0) { PathBezierCubicCurveTo(p2, p3, p4, num_segments); } // OBSOLETED in 1.80 (Jan 2021)
+
+    // [Internal helpers]
+    IMGUI_API void  _ResetForNewFrame();
+    IMGUI_API void  _ClearFreeMemory();
+    IMGUI_API void  _PopUnusedDrawCmd();
+    IMGUI_API void  _TryMergeDrawCmds();
+    IMGUI_API void  _OnChangedClipRect();
+    IMGUI_API void  _OnChangedTextureID();
+    IMGUI_API void  _OnChangedVtxOffset();
+    IMGUI_API int   _CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(float radius) const;
+    IMGUI_API void  _PathArcToFastEx(const ImVec2& center, float radius, int a_min_sample, int a_max_sample, int a_step);
+    IMGUI_API void  _PathArcToN(const ImVec2& center, float radius, float a_min, float a_max, int num_segments);
+};
+
+// All draw data to render a Dear ImGui frame
+// (NB: the style and the naming convention here is a little inconsistent, we currently preserve them for backward compatibility purpose,
+// as this is one of the oldest structure exposed by the library! Basically, ImDrawList == CmdList)
+struct ImDrawData
+{
+    bool            Valid;                  // Only valid after Render() is called and before the next NewFrame() is called.
+    int             CmdListsCount;          // Number of ImDrawList* to render
+    int             TotalIdxCount;          // For convenience, sum of all ImDrawList's IdxBuffer.Size
+    int             TotalVtxCount;          // For convenience, sum of all ImDrawList's VtxBuffer.Size
+    ImDrawList**    CmdLists;               // Array of ImDrawList* to render. The ImDrawList are owned by ImGuiContext and only pointed to from here.
+    ImVec2          DisplayPos;             // Top-left position of the viewport to render (== top-left of the orthogonal projection matrix to use) (== GetMainViewport()->Pos for the main viewport, == (0.0) in most single-viewport applications)
+    ImVec2          DisplaySize;            // Size of the viewport to render (== GetMainViewport()->Size for the main viewport, == io.DisplaySize in most single-viewport applications)
+    ImVec2          FramebufferScale;       // Amount of pixels for each unit of DisplaySize. Based on io.DisplayFramebufferScale. Generally (1,1) on normal display, (2,2) on OSX with Retina display.
+    ImGuiViewport*  OwnerViewport;          // Viewport carrying the ImDrawData instance, might be of use to the renderer (generally not).
+
+    // Functions
+    ImDrawData()    { Clear(); }
+    void Clear()    { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }     // The ImDrawList are owned by ImGuiContext!
+    IMGUI_API void  DeIndexAllBuffers();                    // Helper to convert all buffers from indexed to non-indexed, in case you cannot render indexed. Note: this is slow and most likely a waste of resources. Always prefer indexed rendering!
+    IMGUI_API void  ScaleClipRects(const ImVec2& fb_scale); // Helper to scale the ClipRect field of each ImDrawCmd. Use if your final output buffer is at a different scale than Dear ImGui expects, or if there is a difference between your window resolution and framebuffer resolution.
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Font API (ImFontConfig, ImFontGlyph, ImFontAtlasFlags, ImFontAtlas, ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder, ImFont)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ImFontConfig
+{
+    void*           FontData;               //          // TTF/OTF data
+    int             FontDataSize;           //          // TTF/OTF data size
+    bool            FontDataOwnedByAtlas;   // true     // TTF/OTF data ownership taken by the container ImFontAtlas (will delete memory itself).
+    int             FontNo;                 // 0        // Index of font within TTF/OTF file
+    float           SizePixels;             //          // Size in pixels for rasterizer (more or less maps to the resulting font height).
+    int             OversampleH;            // 3        // Rasterize at higher quality for sub-pixel positioning. Note the difference between 2 and 3 is minimal so you can reduce this to 2 to save memory. Read https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/tests/oversample/README.md for details.
+    int             OversampleV;            // 1        // Rasterize at higher quality for sub-pixel positioning. This is not really useful as we don't use sub-pixel positions on the Y axis.
+    bool            PixelSnapH;             // false    // Align every glyph to pixel boundary. Useful e.g. if you are merging a non-pixel aligned font with the default font. If enabled, you can set OversampleH/V to 1.
+    ImVec2          GlyphExtraSpacing;      // 0, 0     // Extra spacing (in pixels) between glyphs. Only X axis is supported for now.
+    ImVec2          GlyphOffset;            // 0, 0     // Offset all glyphs from this font input.
+    const ImWchar*  GlyphRanges;            // NULL     // THE ARRAY DATA NEEDS TO PERSIST AS LONG AS THE FONT IS ALIVE. Pointer to a user-provided list of Unicode range (2 value per range, values are inclusive, zero-terminated list).
+    float           GlyphMinAdvanceX;       // 0        // Minimum AdvanceX for glyphs, set Min to align font icons, set both Min/Max to enforce mono-space font
+    float           GlyphMaxAdvanceX;       // FLT_MAX  // Maximum AdvanceX for glyphs
+    bool            MergeMode;              // false    // Merge into previous ImFont, so you can combine multiple inputs font into one ImFont (e.g. ASCII font + icons + Japanese glyphs). You may want to use GlyphOffset.y when merge font of different heights.
+    unsigned int    FontBuilderFlags;       // 0        // Settings for custom font builder. THIS IS BUILDER IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDENT. Leave as zero if unsure.
+    float           RasterizerMultiply;     // 1.0f     // Brighten (>1.0f) or darken (<1.0f) font output. Brightening small fonts may be a good workaround to make them more readable.
+    ImWchar         EllipsisChar;           // -1       // Explicitly specify unicode codepoint of ellipsis character. When fonts are being merged first specified ellipsis will be used.
+
+    // [Internal]
+    char            Name[40];               // Name (strictly to ease debugging)
+    ImFont*         DstFont;
+
+    IMGUI_API ImFontConfig();
+};
+
+// Hold rendering data for one glyph.
+// (Note: some language parsers may fail to convert the 31+1 bitfield members, in this case maybe drop store a single u32 or we can rework this)
+struct ImFontGlyph
+{
+    unsigned int    Colored : 1;        // Flag to indicate glyph is colored and should generally ignore tinting (make it usable with no shift on little-endian as this is used in loops)
+    unsigned int    Visible : 1;        // Flag to indicate glyph has no visible pixels (e.g. space). Allow early out when rendering.
+    unsigned int    Codepoint : 30;     // 0x0000..0x10FFFF
+    float           AdvanceX;           // Distance to next character (= data from font + ImFontConfig::GlyphExtraSpacing.x baked in)
+    float           X0, Y0, X1, Y1;     // Glyph corners
+    float           U0, V0, U1, V1;     // Texture coordinates
+};
+
+// Helper to build glyph ranges from text/string data. Feed your application strings/characters to it then call BuildRanges().
+// This is essentially a tightly packed of vector of 64k booleans = 8KB storage.
+struct ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder
+{
+    ImVector<ImU32> UsedChars;            // Store 1-bit per Unicode code point (0=unused, 1=used)
+
+    ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder()              { Clear(); }
+    inline void     Clear()                 { int size_in_bytes = (IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX + 1) / 8; UsedChars.resize(size_in_bytes / (int)sizeof(ImU32)); memset(UsedChars.Data, 0, (size_t)size_in_bytes); }
+    inline bool     GetBit(size_t n) const  { int off = (int)(n >> 5); ImU32 mask = 1u << (n & 31); return (UsedChars[off] & mask) != 0; }  // Get bit n in the array
+    inline void     SetBit(size_t n)        { int off = (int)(n >> 5); ImU32 mask = 1u << (n & 31); UsedChars[off] |= mask; }               // Set bit n in the array
+    inline void     AddChar(ImWchar c)      { SetBit(c); }                      // Add character
+    IMGUI_API void  AddText(const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL);     // Add string (each character of the UTF-8 string are added)
+    IMGUI_API void  AddRanges(const ImWchar* ranges);                           // Add ranges, e.g. builder.AddRanges(ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesDefault()) to force add all of ASCII/Latin+Ext
+    IMGUI_API void  BuildRanges(ImVector<ImWchar>* out_ranges);                 // Output new ranges
+};
+
+// See ImFontAtlas::AddCustomRectXXX functions.
+struct ImFontAtlasCustomRect
+{
+    unsigned short  Width, Height;  // Input    // Desired rectangle dimension
+    unsigned short  X, Y;           // Output   // Packed position in Atlas
+    unsigned int    GlyphID;        // Input    // For custom font glyphs only (ID < 0x110000)
+    float           GlyphAdvanceX;  // Input    // For custom font glyphs only: glyph xadvance
+    ImVec2          GlyphOffset;    // Input    // For custom font glyphs only: glyph display offset
+    ImFont*         Font;           // Input    // For custom font glyphs only: target font
+    ImFontAtlasCustomRect()         { Width = Height = 0; X = Y = 0xFFFF; GlyphID = 0; GlyphAdvanceX = 0.0f; GlyphOffset = ImVec2(0, 0); Font = NULL; }
+    bool IsPacked() const           { return X != 0xFFFF; }
+};
+
+// Flags for ImFontAtlas build
+enum ImFontAtlasFlags_
+{
+    ImFontAtlasFlags_None               = 0,
+    ImFontAtlasFlags_NoPowerOfTwoHeight = 1 << 0,   // Don't round the height to next power of two
+    ImFontAtlasFlags_NoMouseCursors     = 1 << 1,   // Don't build software mouse cursors into the atlas (save a little texture memory)
+    ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines       = 1 << 2,   // Don't build thick line textures into the atlas (save a little texture memory, allow support for point/nearest filtering). The AntiAliasedLinesUseTex features uses them, otherwise they will be rendered using polygons (more expensive for CPU/GPU).
+};
+
+// Load and rasterize multiple TTF/OTF fonts into a same texture. The font atlas will build a single texture holding:
+//  - One or more fonts.
+//  - Custom graphics data needed to render the shapes needed by Dear ImGui.
+//  - Mouse cursor shapes for software cursor rendering (unless setting 'Flags |= ImFontAtlasFlags_NoMouseCursors' in the font atlas).
+// It is the user-code responsibility to setup/build the atlas, then upload the pixel data into a texture accessible by your graphics api.
+//  - Optionally, call any of the AddFont*** functions. If you don't call any, the default font embedded in the code will be loaded for you.
+//  - Call GetTexDataAsAlpha8() or GetTexDataAsRGBA32() to build and retrieve pixels data.
+//  - Upload the pixels data into a texture within your graphics system (see imgui_impl_xxxx.cpp examples)
+//  - Call SetTexID(my_tex_id); and pass the pointer/identifier to your texture in a format natural to your graphics API.
+//    This value will be passed back to you during rendering to identify the texture. Read FAQ entry about ImTextureID for more details.
+// Common pitfalls:
+// - If you pass a 'glyph_ranges' array to AddFont*** functions, you need to make sure that your array persist up until the
+//   atlas is build (when calling GetTexData*** or Build()). We only copy the pointer, not the data.
+// - Important: By default, AddFontFromMemoryTTF() takes ownership of the data. Even though we are not writing to it, we will free the pointer on destruction.
+//   You can set font_cfg->FontDataOwnedByAtlas=false to keep ownership of your data and it won't be freed,
+// - Even though many functions are suffixed with "TTF", OTF data is supported just as well.
+// - This is an old API and it is currently awkward for those and various other reasons! We will address them in the future!
+struct ImFontAtlas
+{
+    IMGUI_API ImFontAtlas();
+    IMGUI_API ~ImFontAtlas();
+    IMGUI_API ImFont*           AddFont(const ImFontConfig* font_cfg);
+    IMGUI_API ImFont*           AddFontDefault(const ImFontConfig* font_cfg = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API ImFont*           AddFontFromFileTTF(const char* filename, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg = NULL, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API ImFont*           AddFontFromMemoryTTF(void* font_data, int font_size, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg = NULL, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges = NULL); // Note: Transfer ownership of 'ttf_data' to ImFontAtlas! Will be deleted after destruction of the atlas. Set font_cfg->FontDataOwnedByAtlas=false to keep ownership of your data and it won't be freed.
+    IMGUI_API ImFont*           AddFontFromMemoryCompressedTTF(const void* compressed_font_data, int compressed_font_size, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg = NULL, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges = NULL); // 'compressed_font_data' still owned by caller. Compress with binary_to_compressed_c.cpp.
+    IMGUI_API ImFont*           AddFontFromMemoryCompressedBase85TTF(const char* compressed_font_data_base85, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg = NULL, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges = NULL);              // 'compressed_font_data_base85' still owned by caller. Compress with binary_to_compressed_c.cpp with -base85 parameter.
+    IMGUI_API void              ClearInputData();           // Clear input data (all ImFontConfig structures including sizes, TTF data, glyph ranges, etc.) = all the data used to build the texture and fonts.
+    IMGUI_API void              ClearTexData();             // Clear output texture data (CPU side). Saves RAM once the texture has been copied to graphics memory.
+    IMGUI_API void              ClearFonts();               // Clear output font data (glyphs storage, UV coordinates).
+    IMGUI_API void              Clear();                    // Clear all input and output.
+
+    // Build atlas, retrieve pixel data.
+    // User is in charge of copying the pixels into graphics memory (e.g. create a texture with your engine). Then store your texture handle with SetTexID().
+    // The pitch is always = Width * BytesPerPixels (1 or 4)
+    // Building in RGBA32 format is provided for convenience and compatibility, but note that unless you manually manipulate or copy color data into
+    // the texture (e.g. when using the AddCustomRect*** api), then the RGB pixels emitted will always be white (~75% of memory/bandwidth waste.
+    IMGUI_API bool              Build();                    // Build pixels data. This is called automatically for you by the GetTexData*** functions.
+    IMGUI_API void              GetTexDataAsAlpha8(unsigned char** out_pixels, int* out_width, int* out_height, int* out_bytes_per_pixel = NULL);  // 1 byte per-pixel
+    IMGUI_API void              GetTexDataAsRGBA32(unsigned char** out_pixels, int* out_width, int* out_height, int* out_bytes_per_pixel = NULL);  // 4 bytes-per-pixel
+    bool                        IsBuilt() const             { return Fonts.Size > 0 && TexReady; } // Bit ambiguous: used to detect when user didn't build texture but effectively we should check TexID != 0 except that would be backend dependent...
+    void                        SetTexID(ImTextureID id)    { TexID = id; }
+
+    //-------------------------------------------
+    // Glyph Ranges
+    //-------------------------------------------
+
+    // Helpers to retrieve list of common Unicode ranges (2 value per range, values are inclusive, zero-terminated list)
+    // NB: Make sure that your string are UTF-8 and NOT in your local code page. In C++11, you can create UTF-8 string literal using the u8"Hello world" syntax. See FAQ for details.
+    // NB: Consider using ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder to build glyph ranges from textual data.
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesDefault();                // Basic Latin, Extended Latin
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesGreek();                  // Default + Greek and Coptic
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesKorean();                 // Default + Korean characters
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesJapanese();               // Default + Hiragana, Katakana, Half-Width, Selection of 2999 Ideographs
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesChineseFull();            // Default + Half-Width + Japanese Hiragana/Katakana + full set of about 21000 CJK Unified Ideographs
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesChineseSimplifiedCommon();// Default + Half-Width + Japanese Hiragana/Katakana + set of 2500 CJK Unified Ideographs for common simplified Chinese
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesCyrillic();               // Default + about 400 Cyrillic characters
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesThai();                   // Default + Thai characters
+    IMGUI_API const ImWchar*    GetGlyphRangesVietnamese();             // Default + Vietnamese characters
+
+    //-------------------------------------------
+    // [BETA] Custom Rectangles/Glyphs API
+    //-------------------------------------------
+
+    // You can request arbitrary rectangles to be packed into the atlas, for your own purposes.
+    // - After calling Build(), you can query the rectangle position and render your pixels.
+    // - If you render colored output, set 'atlas->TexPixelsUseColors = true' as this may help some backends decide of prefered texture format.
+    // - You can also request your rectangles to be mapped as font glyph (given a font + Unicode point),
+    //   so you can render e.g. custom colorful icons and use them as regular glyphs.
+    // - Read docs/FONTS.md for more details about using colorful icons.
+    // - Note: this API may be redesigned later in order to support multi-monitor varying DPI settings.
+    IMGUI_API int               AddCustomRectRegular(int width, int height);
+    IMGUI_API int               AddCustomRectFontGlyph(ImFont* font, ImWchar id, int width, int height, float advance_x, const ImVec2& offset = ImVec2(0, 0));
+    ImFontAtlasCustomRect*      GetCustomRectByIndex(int index) { IM_ASSERT(index >= 0); return &CustomRects[index]; }
+
+    // [Internal]
+    IMGUI_API void              CalcCustomRectUV(const ImFontAtlasCustomRect* rect, ImVec2* out_uv_min, ImVec2* out_uv_max) const;
+    IMGUI_API bool              GetMouseCursorTexData(ImGuiMouseCursor cursor, ImVec2* out_offset, ImVec2* out_size, ImVec2 out_uv_border[2], ImVec2 out_uv_fill[2]);
+
+    //-------------------------------------------
+    // Members
+    //-------------------------------------------
+
+    ImFontAtlasFlags            Flags;              // Build flags (see ImFontAtlasFlags_)
+    ImTextureID                 TexID;              // User data to refer to the texture once it has been uploaded to user's graphic systems. It is passed back to you during rendering via the ImDrawCmd structure.
+    int                         TexDesiredWidth;    // Texture width desired by user before Build(). Must be a power-of-two. If have many glyphs your graphics API have texture size restrictions you may want to increase texture width to decrease height.
+    int                         TexGlyphPadding;    // Padding between glyphs within texture in pixels. Defaults to 1. If your rendering method doesn't rely on bilinear filtering you may set this to 0 (will also need to set AntiAliasedLinesUseTex = false).
+    bool                        Locked;             // Marked as Locked by ImGui::NewFrame() so attempt to modify the atlas will assert.
+    void*                       UserData;           // Store your own atlas related user-data (if e.g. you have multiple font atlas).
+
+    // [Internal]
+    // NB: Access texture data via GetTexData*() calls! Which will setup a default font for you.
+    bool                        TexReady;           // Set when texture was built matching current font input
+    bool                        TexPixelsUseColors; // Tell whether our texture data is known to use colors (rather than just alpha channel), in order to help backend select a format.
+    unsigned char*              TexPixelsAlpha8;    // 1 component per pixel, each component is unsigned 8-bit. Total size = TexWidth * TexHeight
+    unsigned int*               TexPixelsRGBA32;    // 4 component per pixel, each component is unsigned 8-bit. Total size = TexWidth * TexHeight * 4
+    int                         TexWidth;           // Texture width calculated during Build().
+    int                         TexHeight;          // Texture height calculated during Build().
+    ImVec2                      TexUvScale;         // = (1.0f/TexWidth, 1.0f/TexHeight)
+    ImVec2                      TexUvWhitePixel;    // Texture coordinates to a white pixel
+    ImVector<ImFont*>           Fonts;              // Hold all the fonts returned by AddFont*. Fonts[0] is the default font upon calling ImGui::NewFrame(), use ImGui::PushFont()/PopFont() to change the current font.
+    ImVector<ImFontAtlasCustomRect> CustomRects;    // Rectangles for packing custom texture data into the atlas.
+    ImVector<ImFontConfig>      ConfigData;         // Configuration data
+    ImVec4                      TexUvLines[IM_DRAWLIST_TEX_LINES_WIDTH_MAX + 1];  // UVs for baked anti-aliased lines
+
+    // [Internal] Font builder
+    const ImFontBuilderIO*      FontBuilderIO;      // Opaque interface to a font builder (default to stb_truetype, can be changed to use FreeType by defining IMGUI_ENABLE_FREETYPE).
+    unsigned int                FontBuilderFlags;   // Shared flags (for all fonts) for custom font builder. THIS IS BUILD IMPLEMENTATION DEPENDENT. Per-font override is also available in ImFontConfig.
+
+    // [Internal] Packing data
+    int                         PackIdMouseCursors; // Custom texture rectangle ID for white pixel and mouse cursors
+    int                         PackIdLines;        // Custom texture rectangle ID for baked anti-aliased lines
+
+    // [Obsolete]
+    //typedef ImFontAtlasCustomRect    CustomRect;         // OBSOLETED in 1.72+
+    //typedef ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder GlyphRangesBuilder; // OBSOLETED in 1.67+
+};
+
+// Font runtime data and rendering
+// ImFontAtlas automatically loads a default embedded font for you when you call GetTexDataAsAlpha8() or GetTexDataAsRGBA32().
+struct ImFont
+{
+    // Members: Hot ~20/24 bytes (for CalcTextSize)
+    ImVector<float>             IndexAdvanceX;      // 12-16 // out //            // Sparse. Glyphs->AdvanceX in a directly indexable way (cache-friendly for CalcTextSize functions which only this this info, and are often bottleneck in large UI).
+    float                       FallbackAdvanceX;   // 4     // out // = FallbackGlyph->AdvanceX
+    float                       FontSize;           // 4     // in  //            // Height of characters/line, set during loading (don't change after loading)
+
+    // Members: Hot ~28/40 bytes (for CalcTextSize + render loop)
+    ImVector<ImWchar>           IndexLookup;        // 12-16 // out //            // Sparse. Index glyphs by Unicode code-point.
+    ImVector<ImFontGlyph>       Glyphs;             // 12-16 // out //            // All glyphs.
+    const ImFontGlyph*          FallbackGlyph;      // 4-8   // out // = FindGlyph(FontFallbackChar)
+
+    // Members: Cold ~32/40 bytes
+    ImFontAtlas*                ContainerAtlas;     // 4-8   // out //            // What we has been loaded into
+    const ImFontConfig*         ConfigData;         // 4-8   // in  //            // Pointer within ContainerAtlas->ConfigData
+    short                       ConfigDataCount;    // 2     // in  // ~ 1        // Number of ImFontConfig involved in creating this font. Bigger than 1 when merging multiple font sources into one ImFont.
+    ImWchar                     FallbackChar;       // 2     // out // = FFFD/'?' // Character used if a glyph isn't found.
+    ImWchar                     EllipsisChar;       // 2     // out // = '...'/'.'// Character used for ellipsis rendering.
+    short                       EllipsisCharCount;  // 1     // out // 1 or 3
+    float                       EllipsisWidth;      // 4     // out               // Width
+    float                       EllipsisCharStep;   // 4     // out               // Step between characters when EllipsisCount > 0
+    bool                        DirtyLookupTables;  // 1     // out //
+    float                       Scale;              // 4     // in  // = 1.f      // Base font scale, multiplied by the per-window font scale which you can adjust with SetWindowFontScale()
+    float                       Ascent, Descent;    // 4+4   // out //            // Ascent: distance from top to bottom of e.g. 'A' [0..FontSize]
+    int                         MetricsTotalSurface;// 4     // out //            // Total surface in pixels to get an idea of the font rasterization/texture cost (not exact, we approximate the cost of padding between glyphs)
+    ImU8                        Used4kPagesMap[(IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX+1)/4096/8]; // 2 bytes if ImWchar=ImWchar16, 34 bytes if ImWchar==ImWchar32. Store 1-bit for each block of 4K codepoints that has one active glyph. This is mainly used to facilitate iterations across all used codepoints.
+
+    // Methods
+    IMGUI_API ImFont();
+    IMGUI_API ~ImFont();
+    IMGUI_API const ImFontGlyph*FindGlyph(ImWchar c) const;
+    IMGUI_API const ImFontGlyph*FindGlyphNoFallback(ImWchar c) const;
+    float                       GetCharAdvance(ImWchar c) const     { return ((int)c < IndexAdvanceX.Size) ? IndexAdvanceX[(int)c] : FallbackAdvanceX; }
+    bool                        IsLoaded() const                    { return ContainerAtlas != NULL; }
+    const char*                 GetDebugName() const                { return ConfigData ? ConfigData->Name : "<unknown>"; }
+
+    // 'max_width' stops rendering after a certain width (could be turned into a 2d size). FLT_MAX to disable.
+    // 'wrap_width' enable automatic word-wrapping across multiple lines to fit into given width. 0.0f to disable.
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2            CalcTextSizeA(float size, float max_width, float wrap_width, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end = NULL, const char** remaining = NULL) const; // utf8
+    IMGUI_API const char*       CalcWordWrapPositionA(float scale, const char* text, const char* text_end, float wrap_width) const;
+    IMGUI_API void              RenderChar(ImDrawList* draw_list, float size, const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, ImWchar c) const;
+    IMGUI_API void              RenderText(ImDrawList* draw_list, float size, const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, const ImVec4& clip_rect, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end, float wrap_width = 0.0f, bool cpu_fine_clip = false) const;
+
+    // [Internal] Don't use!
+    IMGUI_API void              BuildLookupTable();
+    IMGUI_API void              ClearOutputData();
+    IMGUI_API void              GrowIndex(int new_size);
+    IMGUI_API void              AddGlyph(const ImFontConfig* src_cfg, ImWchar c, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, float u0, float v0, float u1, float v1, float advance_x);
+    IMGUI_API void              AddRemapChar(ImWchar dst, ImWchar src, bool overwrite_dst = true); // Makes 'dst' character/glyph points to 'src' character/glyph. Currently needs to be called AFTER fonts have been built.
+    IMGUI_API void              SetGlyphVisible(ImWchar c, bool visible);
+    IMGUI_API bool              IsGlyphRangeUnused(unsigned int c_begin, unsigned int c_last);
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Viewports
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Flags stored in ImGuiViewport::Flags, giving indications to the platform backends.
+enum ImGuiViewportFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_None                     = 0,
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_IsPlatformWindow         = 1 << 0,   // Represent a Platform Window
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_IsPlatformMonitor        = 1 << 1,   // Represent a Platform Monitor (unused yet)
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_OwnedByApp               = 1 << 2,   // Platform Window: Was created/managed by the user application? (rather than our backend)
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_NoDecoration             = 1 << 3,   // Platform Window: Disable platform decorations: title bar, borders, etc. (generally set all windows, but if ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsDecoration is set we only set this on popups/tooltips)
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_NoTaskBarIcon            = 1 << 4,   // Platform Window: Disable platform task bar icon (generally set on popups/tooltips, or all windows if ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsNoTaskBarIcon is set)
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing       = 1 << 5,   // Platform Window: Don't take focus when created.
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_NoFocusOnClick           = 1 << 6,   // Platform Window: Don't take focus when clicked on.
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_NoInputs                 = 1 << 7,   // Platform Window: Make mouse pass through so we can drag this window while peaking behind it.
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_NoRendererClear          = 1 << 8,   // Platform Window: Renderer doesn't need to clear the framebuffer ahead (because we will fill it entirely).
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_NoAutoMerge              = 1 << 9,   // Platform Window: Avoid merging this window into another host window. This can only be set via ImGuiWindowClass viewport flags override (because we need to now ahead if we are going to create a viewport in the first place!).
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_TopMost                  = 1 << 10,  // Platform Window: Display on top (for tooltips only).
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_CanHostOtherWindows      = 1 << 11,  // Viewport can host multiple imgui windows (secondary viewports are associated to a single window). // FIXME: In practice there's still probably code making the assumption that this is always and only on the MainViewport. Will fix once we add support for "no main viewport".
+
+    // Output status flags (from Platform)
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_IsMinimized              = 1 << 12,  // Platform Window: Window is minimized, can skip render. When minimized we tend to avoid using the viewport pos/size for clipping window or testing if they are contained in the viewport.
+    ImGuiViewportFlags_IsFocused                = 1 << 13,  // Platform Window: Window is focused (last call to Platform_GetWindowFocus() returned true)
+};
+
+// - Currently represents the Platform Window created by the application which is hosting our Dear ImGui windows.
+// - With multi-viewport enabled, we extend this concept to have multiple active viewports.
+// - In the future we will extend this concept further to also represent Platform Monitor and support a "no main platform window" operation mode.
+// - About Main Area vs Work Area:
+//   - Main Area = entire viewport.
+//   - Work Area = entire viewport minus sections used by main menu bars (for platform windows), or by task bar (for platform monitor).
+//   - Windows are generally trying to stay within the Work Area of their host viewport.
+struct ImGuiViewport
+{
+    ImGuiID             ID;                     // Unique identifier for the viewport
+    ImGuiViewportFlags  Flags;                  // See ImGuiViewportFlags_
+    ImVec2              Pos;                    // Main Area: Position of the viewport (Dear ImGui coordinates are the same as OS desktop/native coordinates)
+    ImVec2              Size;                   // Main Area: Size of the viewport.
+    ImVec2              WorkPos;                // Work Area: Position of the viewport minus task bars, menus bars, status bars (>= Pos)
+    ImVec2              WorkSize;               // Work Area: Size of the viewport minus task bars, menu bars, status bars (<= Size)
+    float               DpiScale;               // 1.0f = 96 DPI = No extra scale.
+    ImGuiID             ParentViewportId;       // (Advanced) 0: no parent. Instruct the platform backend to setup a parent/child relationship between platform windows.
+    ImDrawData*         DrawData;               // The ImDrawData corresponding to this viewport. Valid after Render() and until the next call to NewFrame().
+
+    // Platform/Backend Dependent Data
+    // Our design separate the Renderer and Platform backends to facilitate combining default backends with each others.
+    // When our create your own backend for a custom engine, it is possible that both Renderer and Platform will be handled
+    // by the same system and you may not need to use all the UserData/Handle fields.
+    // The library never uses those fields, they are merely storage to facilitate backend implementation.
+    void*               RendererUserData;       // void* to hold custom data structure for the renderer (e.g. swap chain, framebuffers etc.). generally set by your Renderer_CreateWindow function.
+    void*               PlatformUserData;       // void* to hold custom data structure for the OS / platform (e.g. windowing info, render context). generally set by your Platform_CreateWindow function.
+    void*               PlatformHandle;         // void* for FindViewportByPlatformHandle(). (e.g. suggested to use natural platform handle such as HWND, GLFWWindow*, SDL_Window*)
+    void*               PlatformHandleRaw;      // void* to hold lower-level, platform-native window handle (under Win32 this is expected to be a HWND, unused for other platforms), when using an abstraction layer like GLFW or SDL (where PlatformHandle would be a SDL_Window*)
+    bool                PlatformWindowCreated;  // Platform window has been created (Platform_CreateWindow() has been called). This is false during the first frame where a viewport is being created.
+    bool                PlatformRequestMove;    // Platform window requested move (e.g. window was moved by the OS / host window manager, authoritative position will be OS window position)
+    bool                PlatformRequestResize;  // Platform window requested resize (e.g. window was resized by the OS / host window manager, authoritative size will be OS window size)
+    bool                PlatformRequestClose;   // Platform window requested closure (e.g. window was moved by the OS / host window manager, e.g. pressing ALT-F4)
+
+    ImGuiViewport()     { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    ~ImGuiViewport()    { IM_ASSERT(PlatformUserData == NULL && RendererUserData == NULL); }
+
+    // Helpers
+    ImVec2              GetCenter() const       { return ImVec2(Pos.x + Size.x * 0.5f, Pos.y + Size.y * 0.5f); }
+    ImVec2              GetWorkCenter() const   { return ImVec2(WorkPos.x + WorkSize.x * 0.5f, WorkPos.y + WorkSize.y * 0.5f); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Platform Dependent Interfaces (for e.g. multi-viewport support)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [BETA] (Optional) This is completely optional, for advanced users!
+// If you are new to Dear ImGui and trying to integrate it into your engine, you can probably ignore this for now.
+//
+// This feature allows you to seamlessly drag Dear ImGui windows outside of your application viewport.
+// This is achieved by creating new Platform/OS windows on the fly, and rendering into them.
+// Dear ImGui manages the viewport structures, and the backend create and maintain one Platform/OS window for each of those viewports.
+//
+// See Glossary https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Glossary for details about some of the terminology.
+// See Thread https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/1542 for gifs, news and questions about this evolving feature.
+//
+// About the coordinates system:
+// - When multi-viewports are enabled, all Dear ImGui coordinates become absolute coordinates (same as OS coordinates!)
+// - So e.g. ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(0,0)) will position a window relative to your primary monitor!
+// - If you want to position windows relative to your main application viewport, use ImGui::GetMainViewport()->Pos as a base position.
+//
+// Steps to use multi-viewports in your application, when using a default backend from the examples/ folder:
+// - Application:  Enable feature with 'io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable'.
+// - Backend:      The backend initialization will setup all necessary ImGuiPlatformIO's functions and update monitors info every frame.
+// - Application:  In your main loop, call ImGui::UpdatePlatformWindows(), ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault() after EndFrame() or Render().
+// - Application:  Fix absolute coordinates used in ImGui::SetWindowPos() or ImGui::SetNextWindowPos() calls.
+//
+// Steps to use multi-viewports in your application, when using a custom backend:
+// - Important:    THIS IS NOT EASY TO DO and comes with many subtleties not described here!
+//                 It's also an experimental feature, so some of the requirements may evolve.
+//                 Consider using default backends if you can. Either way, carefully follow and refer to examples/ backends for details.
+// - Application:  Enable feature with 'io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable'.
+// - Backend:      Hook ImGuiPlatformIO's Platform_* and Renderer_* callbacks (see below).
+//                 Set 'io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports' and 'io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports'.
+//                 Update ImGuiPlatformIO's Monitors list every frame.
+//                 Update MousePos every frame, in absolute coordinates.
+// - Application:  In your main loop, call ImGui::UpdatePlatformWindows(), ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault() after EndFrame() or Render().
+//                 You may skip calling RenderPlatformWindowsDefault() if its API is not convenient for your needs. Read comments below.
+// - Application:  Fix absolute coordinates used in ImGui::SetWindowPos() or ImGui::SetNextWindowPos() calls.
+//
+// About ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault():
+// - This function is a mostly a _helper_ for the common-most cases, and to facilitate using default backends.
+// - You can check its simple source code to understand what it does.
+//   It basically iterates secondary viewports and call 4 functions that are setup in ImGuiPlatformIO, if available:
+//     Platform_RenderWindow(), Renderer_RenderWindow(), Platform_SwapBuffers(), Renderer_SwapBuffers()
+//   Those functions pointers exists only for the benefit of RenderPlatformWindowsDefault().
+// - If you have very specific rendering needs (e.g. flipping multiple swap-chain simultaneously, unusual sync/threading issues, etc.),
+//   you may be tempted to ignore RenderPlatformWindowsDefault() and write customized code to perform your renderingg.
+//   You may decide to setup the platform_io's *RenderWindow and *SwapBuffers pointers and call your functions through those pointers,
+//   or you may decide to never setup those pointers and call your code directly. They are a convenience, not an obligatory interface.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// (Optional) Access via ImGui::GetPlatformIO()
+struct ImGuiPlatformIO
+{
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Input - Backend interface/functions + Monitor List
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    // (Optional) Platform functions (e.g. Win32, GLFW, SDL2)
+    // For reference, the second column shows which function are generally calling the Platform Functions:
+    //   N = ImGui::NewFrame()                        ~ beginning of the dear imgui frame: read info from platform/OS windows (latest size/position)
+    //   F = ImGui::Begin(), ImGui::EndFrame()        ~ during the dear imgui frame
+    //   U = ImGui::UpdatePlatformWindows()           ~ after the dear imgui frame: create and update all platform/OS windows
+    //   R = ImGui::RenderPlatformWindowsDefault()    ~ render
+    //   D = ImGui::DestroyPlatformWindows()          ~ shutdown
+    // The general idea is that NewFrame() we will read the current Platform/OS state, and UpdatePlatformWindows() will write to it.
+    //
+    // The functions are designed so we can mix and match 2 imgui_impl_xxxx files, one for the Platform (~window/input handling), one for Renderer.
+    // Custom engine backends will often provide both Platform and Renderer interfaces and so may not need to use all functions.
+    // Platform functions are typically called before their Renderer counterpart, apart from Destroy which are called the other way.
+
+    // Platform function --------------------------------------------------- Called by -----
+    void    (*Platform_CreateWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                    // . . U . .  // Create a new platform window for the given viewport
+    void    (*Platform_DestroyWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                   // N . U . D  //
+    void    (*Platform_ShowWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                      // . . U . .  // Newly created windows are initially hidden so SetWindowPos/Size/Title can be called on them before showing the window
+    void    (*Platform_SetWindowPos)(ImGuiViewport* vp, ImVec2 pos);        // . . U . .  // Set platform window position (given the upper-left corner of client area)
+    ImVec2  (*Platform_GetWindowPos)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                    // N . . . .  //
+    void    (*Platform_SetWindowSize)(ImGuiViewport* vp, ImVec2 size);      // . . U . .  // Set platform window client area size (ignoring OS decorations such as OS title bar etc.)
+    ImVec2  (*Platform_GetWindowSize)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                   // N . . . .  // Get platform window client area size
+    void    (*Platform_SetWindowFocus)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                  // N . . . .  // Move window to front and set input focus
+    bool    (*Platform_GetWindowFocus)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                  // . . U . .  //
+    bool    (*Platform_GetWindowMinimized)(ImGuiViewport* vp);              // N . . . .  // Get platform window minimized state. When minimized, we generally won't attempt to get/set size and contents will be culled more easily
+    void    (*Platform_SetWindowTitle)(ImGuiViewport* vp, const char* str); // . . U . .  // Set platform window title (given an UTF-8 string)
+    void    (*Platform_SetWindowAlpha)(ImGuiViewport* vp, float alpha);     // . . U . .  // (Optional) Setup global transparency (not per-pixel transparency)
+    void    (*Platform_UpdateWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                    // . . U . .  // (Optional) Called by UpdatePlatformWindows(). Optional hook to allow the platform backend from doing general book-keeping every frame.
+    void    (*Platform_RenderWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp, void* render_arg);  // . . . R .  // (Optional) Main rendering (platform side! This is often unused, or just setting a "current" context for OpenGL bindings). 'render_arg' is the value passed to RenderPlatformWindowsDefault().
+    void    (*Platform_SwapBuffers)(ImGuiViewport* vp, void* render_arg);   // . . . R .  // (Optional) Call Present/SwapBuffers (platform side! This is often unused!). 'render_arg' is the value passed to RenderPlatformWindowsDefault().
+    float   (*Platform_GetWindowDpiScale)(ImGuiViewport* vp);               // N . . . .  // (Optional) [BETA] FIXME-DPI: DPI handling: Return DPI scale for this viewport. 1.0f = 96 DPI.
+    void    (*Platform_OnChangedViewport)(ImGuiViewport* vp);               // . F . . .  // (Optional) [BETA] FIXME-DPI: DPI handling: Called during Begin() every time the viewport we are outputting into changes, so backend has a chance to swap fonts to adjust style.
+    int     (*Platform_CreateVkSurface)(ImGuiViewport* vp, ImU64 vk_inst, const void* vk_allocators, ImU64* out_vk_surface); // (Optional) For a Vulkan Renderer to call into Platform code (since the surface creation needs to tie them both).
+
+    // (Optional) Renderer functions (e.g. DirectX, OpenGL, Vulkan)
+    void    (*Renderer_CreateWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                    // . . U . .  // Create swap chain, frame buffers etc. (called after Platform_CreateWindow)
+    void    (*Renderer_DestroyWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp);                   // N . U . D  // Destroy swap chain, frame buffers etc. (called before Platform_DestroyWindow)
+    void    (*Renderer_SetWindowSize)(ImGuiViewport* vp, ImVec2 size);      // . . U . .  // Resize swap chain, frame buffers etc. (called after Platform_SetWindowSize)
+    void    (*Renderer_RenderWindow)(ImGuiViewport* vp, void* render_arg);  // . . . R .  // (Optional) Clear framebuffer, setup render target, then render the viewport->DrawData. 'render_arg' is the value passed to RenderPlatformWindowsDefault().
+    void    (*Renderer_SwapBuffers)(ImGuiViewport* vp, void* render_arg);   // . . . R .  // (Optional) Call Present/SwapBuffers. 'render_arg' is the value passed to RenderPlatformWindowsDefault().
+
+    // (Optional) Monitor list
+    // - Updated by: app/backend. Update every frame to dynamically support changing monitor or DPI configuration.
+    // - Used by: dear imgui to query DPI info, clamp popups/tooltips within same monitor and not have them straddle monitors.
+    ImVector<ImGuiPlatformMonitor>  Monitors;
+
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+    // Output - List of viewports to render into platform windows
+    //------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+    // Viewports list (the list is updated by calling ImGui::EndFrame or ImGui::Render)
+    // (in the future we will attempt to organize this feature to remove the need for a "main viewport")
+    ImVector<ImGuiViewport*>        Viewports;                              // Main viewports, followed by all secondary viewports.
+    ImGuiPlatformIO()               { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }     // Zero clear
+};
+
+// (Optional) This is required when enabling multi-viewport. Represent the bounds of each connected monitor/display and their DPI.
+// We use this information for multiple DPI support + clamping the position of popups and tooltips so they don't straddle multiple monitors.
+struct ImGuiPlatformMonitor
+{
+    ImVec2  MainPos, MainSize;      // Coordinates of the area displayed on this monitor (Min = upper left, Max = bottom right)
+    ImVec2  WorkPos, WorkSize;      // Coordinates without task bars / side bars / menu bars. Used to avoid positioning popups/tooltips inside this region. If you don't have this info, please copy the value for MainPos/MainSize.
+    float   DpiScale;               // 1.0f = 96 DPI
+    ImGuiPlatformMonitor()          { MainPos = MainSize = WorkPos = WorkSize = ImVec2(0, 0); DpiScale = 1.0f; }
+};
+
+// (Optional) Support for IME (Input Method Editor) via the io.SetPlatformImeDataFn() function.
+struct ImGuiPlatformImeData
+{
+    bool    WantVisible;        // A widget wants the IME to be visible
+    ImVec2  InputPos;           // Position of the input cursor
+    float   InputLineHeight;    // Line height
+
+    ImGuiPlatformImeData() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Obsolete functions and types
+// (Will be removed! Read 'API BREAKING CHANGES' section in imgui.cpp for details)
+// Please keep your copy of dear imgui up to date! Occasionally set '#define IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS' in imconfig.h to stay ahead.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiKey     GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey key);  // map ImGuiKey_* values into legacy native key index. == io.KeyMap[key]
+#else
+    static inline ImGuiKey GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey key)   { IM_ASSERT(key >= ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END && "ImGuiKey and native_index was merged together and native_index is disabled by IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO. Please switch to ImGuiKey."); return key; }
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    // OBSOLETED in 1.89.4 (from March 2023)
+    static inline void  PushAllowKeyboardFocus(bool tab_stop)                               { PushTabStop(tab_stop); }
+    static inline void  PopAllowKeyboardFocus()                                             { PopTabStop(); }
+    // OBSOLETED in 1.89 (from August 2022)
+    IMGUI_API bool      ImageButton(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0 = ImVec2(0, 0), const ImVec2& uv1 = ImVec2(1, 1), int frame_padding = -1, const ImVec4& bg_col = ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0), const ImVec4& tint_col = ImVec4(1, 1, 1, 1)); // Use new ImageButton() signature (explicit item id, regular FramePadding)
+    // OBSOLETED in 1.88 (from May 2022)
+    static inline void  CaptureKeyboardFromApp(bool want_capture_keyboard = true)           { SetNextFrameWantCaptureKeyboard(want_capture_keyboard); } // Renamed as name was misleading + removed default value.
+    static inline void  CaptureMouseFromApp(bool want_capture_mouse = true)                 { SetNextFrameWantCaptureMouse(want_capture_mouse); }       // Renamed as name was misleading + removed default value.
+    // OBSOLETED in 1.86 (from November 2021)
+    IMGUI_API void      CalcListClipping(int items_count, float items_height, int* out_items_display_start, int* out_items_display_end); // Calculate coarse clipping for large list of evenly sized items. Prefer using ImGuiListClipper.
+    // OBSOLETED in 1.85 (from August 2021)
+    static inline float GetWindowContentRegionWidth()                                       { return GetWindowContentRegionMax().x - GetWindowContentRegionMin().x; }
+    // OBSOLETED in 1.81 (from February 2021)
+    IMGUI_API bool      ListBoxHeader(const char* label, int items_count, int height_in_items = -1); // Helper to calculate size from items_count and height_in_items
+    static inline bool  ListBoxHeader(const char* label, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0)) { return BeginListBox(label, size); }
+    static inline void  ListBoxFooter()                                                     { EndListBox(); }
+
+    // Some of the older obsolete names along with their replacement (commented out so they are not reported in IDE)
+    //-- OBSOLETED in 1.79 (from August 2020)
+    //static inline void  OpenPopupContextItem(const char* str_id = NULL, ImGuiMouseButton mb = 1)    { OpenPopupOnItemClick(str_id, mb); } // Bool return value removed. Use IsWindowAppearing() in BeginPopup() instead. Renamed in 1.77, renamed back in 1.79. Sorry!
+    //-- OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020): Old drag/sliders functions that took a 'float power > 1.0f' argument instead of ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic. See github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/3361 for details.
+    //IMGUI_API bool      DragScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, float v_speed, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f)                                                            // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //IMGUI_API bool      DragScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, int components, float v_speed, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f);                                          // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //IMGUI_API bool      SliderScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f);                                                                        // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //IMGUI_API bool      SliderScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, int components, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f);                                                       // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  DragFloat(const char* label, float* v, float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f)    { return DragScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); }     // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  DragFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f) { return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 2, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); } // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  DragFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f) { return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 3, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); } // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  DragFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f) { return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 4, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); } // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  SliderFloat(const char* label, float* v, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f)                 { return SliderScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); }            // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  SliderFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f)              { return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 2, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); }        // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  SliderFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f)              { return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 3, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); }        // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline bool  SliderFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, float power = 1.0f)              { return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 4, &v_min, &v_max, format, power); }        // OBSOLETED in 1.78 (from June 2020)
+    //-- OBSOLETED in 1.77 and before
+    //static inline bool  BeginPopupContextWindow(const char* str_id, ImGuiMouseButton mb, bool over_items) { return BeginPopupContextWindow(str_id, mb | (over_items ? 0 : ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOpenOverItems)); } // OBSOLETED in 1.77 (from June 2020)
+    //static inline void  TreeAdvanceToLabelPos()               { SetCursorPosX(GetCursorPosX() + GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing()); }   // OBSOLETED in 1.72 (from July 2019)
+    //static inline void  SetNextTreeNodeOpen(bool open, ImGuiCond cond = 0) { SetNextItemOpen(open, cond); }                       // OBSOLETED in 1.71 (from June 2019)
+    //static inline float GetContentRegionAvailWidth()          { return GetContentRegionAvail().x; }                               // OBSOLETED in 1.70 (from May 2019)
+    //static inline ImDrawList* GetOverlayDrawList()            { return GetForegroundDrawList(); }                                 // OBSOLETED in 1.69 (from Mar 2019)
+    //static inline void  SetScrollHere(float ratio = 0.5f)     { SetScrollHereY(ratio); }                                          // OBSOLETED in 1.66 (from Nov 2018)
+    //static inline bool  IsItemDeactivatedAfterChange()        { return IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit(); }                            // OBSOLETED in 1.63 (from Aug 2018)
+    //-- OBSOLETED in 1.60 and before
+    //static inline bool  IsAnyWindowFocused()                  { return IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow); }            // OBSOLETED in 1.60 (from Apr 2018)
+    //static inline bool  IsAnyWindowHovered()                  { return IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow); }            // OBSOLETED in 1.60 (between Dec 2017 and Apr 2018)
+    //static inline void  ShowTestWindow()                      { return ShowDemoWindow(); }                                        // OBSOLETED in 1.53 (between Oct 2017 and Dec 2017)
+    //static inline bool  IsRootWindowFocused()                 { return IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow); }           // OBSOLETED in 1.53 (between Oct 2017 and Dec 2017)
+    //static inline bool  IsRootWindowOrAnyChildFocused()       { return IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootAndChildWindows); }  // OBSOLETED in 1.53 (between Oct 2017 and Dec 2017)
+    //static inline void  SetNextWindowContentWidth(float w)    { SetNextWindowContentSize(ImVec2(w, 0.0f)); }                      // OBSOLETED in 1.53 (between Oct 2017 and Dec 2017)
+    //static inline float GetItemsLineHeightWithSpacing()       { return GetFrameHeightWithSpacing(); }                             // OBSOLETED in 1.53 (between Oct 2017 and Dec 2017)
+    //IMGUI_API bool      Begin(char* name, bool* p_open, ImVec2 size_first_use, float bg_alpha = -1.0f, ImGuiWindowFlags flags=0); // OBSOLETED in 1.52 (between Aug 2017 and Oct 2017): Equivalent of using SetNextWindowSize(size, ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver) and SetNextWindowBgAlpha().
+    //static inline bool  IsRootWindowOrAnyChildHovered()       { return IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootAndChildWindows); }  // OBSOLETED in 1.52 (between Aug 2017 and Oct 2017)
+    //static inline void  AlignFirstTextHeightToWidgets()       { AlignTextToFramePadding(); }                                      // OBSOLETED in 1.52 (between Aug 2017 and Oct 2017)
+    //static inline void  SetNextWindowPosCenter(ImGuiCond c=0) { SetNextWindowPos(GetMainViewport()->GetCenter(), c, ImVec2(0.5f,0.5f)); } // OBSOLETED in 1.52 (between Aug 2017 and Oct 2017)
+    //static inline bool  IsItemHoveredRect()                   { return IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RectOnly); }               // OBSOLETED in 1.51 (between Jun 2017 and Aug 2017)
+    //static inline bool  IsPosHoveringAnyWindow(const ImVec2&) { IM_ASSERT(0); return false; }                                     // OBSOLETED in 1.51 (between Jun 2017 and Aug 2017): This was misleading and partly broken. You probably want to use the io.WantCaptureMouse flag instead.
+    //static inline bool  IsMouseHoveringAnyWindow()            { return IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow); }            // OBSOLETED in 1.51 (between Jun 2017 and Aug 2017)
+    //static inline bool  IsMouseHoveringWindow()               { return IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup | ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem); }       // OBSOLETED in 1.51 (between Jun 2017 and Aug 2017)
+    //-- OBSOLETED in 1.50 and before
+    //static inline bool  CollapsingHeader(char* label, const char* str_id, bool framed = true, bool default_open = false) { return CollapsingHeader(label, (default_open ? (1 << 5) : 0)); } // OBSOLETED in 1.49
+    //static inline ImFont*GetWindowFont()                      { return GetFont(); }                                               // OBSOLETED in 1.48
+    //static inline float GetWindowFontSize()                   { return GetFontSize(); }                                           // OBSOLETED in 1.48
+    //static inline void  SetScrollPosHere()                    { SetScrollHere(); }                                                // OBSOLETED in 1.42
+}
+
+// OBSOLETED in 1.82 (from Mars 2021): flags for AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), AddImageRounded(), PathRect()
+typedef ImDrawFlags ImDrawCornerFlags;
+enum ImDrawCornerFlags_
+{
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_None      = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone,         // Was == 0 prior to 1.82, this is now == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone which is != 0 and not implicit
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_TopLeft   = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft,      // Was == 0x01 (1 << 0) prior to 1.82. Order matches ImDrawFlags_NoRoundCorner* flag (we exploit this internally).
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_TopRight  = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight,     // Was == 0x02 (1 << 1) prior to 1.82.
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_BotLeft   = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft,   // Was == 0x04 (1 << 2) prior to 1.82.
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_BotRight  = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight,  // Was == 0x08 (1 << 3) prior to 1.82.
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_All       = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll,          // Was == 0x0F prior to 1.82
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_Top       = ImDrawCornerFlags_TopLeft | ImDrawCornerFlags_TopRight,
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_Bot       = ImDrawCornerFlags_BotLeft | ImDrawCornerFlags_BotRight,
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_Left      = ImDrawCornerFlags_TopLeft | ImDrawCornerFlags_BotLeft,
+    ImDrawCornerFlags_Right     = ImDrawCornerFlags_TopRight | ImDrawCornerFlags_BotRight,
+};
+
+// RENAMED and MERGED both ImGuiKey_ModXXX and ImGuiModFlags_XXX into ImGuiMod_XXX (from September 2022)
+// RENAMED ImGuiKeyModFlags -> ImGuiModFlags in 1.88 (from April 2022). Exceptionally commented out ahead of obscolescence schedule to reduce confusion and because they were not meant to be used in the first place.
+typedef ImGuiKeyChord ImGuiModFlags;      // == int. We generally use ImGuiKeyChord to mean "a ImGuiKey or-ed with any number of ImGuiMod_XXX value", but you may store only mods in there.
+enum ImGuiModFlags_ { ImGuiModFlags_None = 0, ImGuiModFlags_Ctrl = ImGuiMod_Ctrl, ImGuiModFlags_Shift = ImGuiMod_Shift, ImGuiModFlags_Alt = ImGuiMod_Alt, ImGuiModFlags_Super = ImGuiMod_Super };
+//typedef ImGuiKeyChord ImGuiKeyModFlags; // == int
+//enum ImGuiKeyModFlags_ { ImGuiKeyModFlags_None = 0, ImGuiKeyModFlags_Ctrl = ImGuiMod_Ctrl, ImGuiKeyModFlags_Shift = ImGuiMod_Shift, ImGuiKeyModFlags_Alt = ImGuiMod_Alt, ImGuiKeyModFlags_Super = ImGuiMod_Super };
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+
+// RENAMED IMGUI_DISABLE_METRICS_WINDOW > IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS in 1.88 (from June 2022)
+#if defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_METRICS_WINDOW) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS)
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+#endif
+#if defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_METRICS_WINDOW) && defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS)
+#error IMGUI_DISABLE_METRICS_WINDOW was renamed to IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS, please use new name.
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (pop)
+#endif
+
+// Include imgui_user.h at the end of imgui.h (convenient for user to only explicitly include vanilla imgui.h)
+#ifdef IMGUI_INCLUDE_IMGUI_USER_H
+#include "imgui_user.h"
+#endif
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_demo.cpp b/external/imgui/imgui_demo.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c285bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_demo.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8334 @@
+// dear imgui, v1.89.5 WIP
+// (demo code)
+
+// Help:
+// - Read FAQ at http://dearimgui.com/faq
+// - Newcomers, read 'Programmer guide' in imgui.cpp for notes on how to setup Dear ImGui in your codebase.
+// - Call and read ImGui::ShowDemoWindow() in imgui_demo.cpp. All applications in examples/ are doing that.
+// Read imgui.cpp for more details, documentation and comments.
+// Get the latest version at https://github.com/ocornut/imgui
+
+// -------------------------------------------------
+// PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE THIS FILE FROM YOUR PROJECT!
+// -------------------------------------------------
+// Message to the person tempted to delete this file when integrating Dear ImGui into their codebase:
+// Think again! It is the most useful reference code that you and other coders will want to refer to and call.
+// Have the ImGui::ShowDemoWindow() function wired in an always-available debug menu of your game/app!
+// Also include Metrics! ItemPicker! DebugLog! and other debug features.
+// Removing this file from your project is hindering access to documentation for everyone in your team,
+// likely leading you to poorer usage of the library.
+// Everything in this file will be stripped out by the linker if you don't call ImGui::ShowDemoWindow().
+// If you want to link core Dear ImGui in your shipped builds but want a thorough guarantee that the demo will not be
+// linked, you can setup your imconfig.h with #define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEMO_WINDOWS and those functions will be empty.
+// In another situation, whenever you have Dear ImGui available you probably want this to be available for reference.
+// Thank you,
+// -Your beloved friend, imgui_demo.cpp (which you won't delete)
+
+// Message to beginner C/C++ programmers about the meaning of the 'static' keyword:
+// In this demo code, we frequently use 'static' variables inside functions. A static variable persists across calls,
+// so it is essentially like a global variable but declared inside the scope of the function. We do this as a way to
+// gather code and data in the same place, to make the demo source code faster to read, faster to write, and smaller
+// in size. It also happens to be a convenient way of storing simple UI related information as long as your function
+// doesn't need to be reentrant or used in multiple threads. This might be a pattern you will want to use in your code,
+// but most of the real data you would be editing is likely going to be stored outside your functions.
+
+// The Demo code in this file is designed to be easy to copy-and-paste into your application!
+// Because of this:
+// - We never omit the ImGui:: prefix when calling functions, even though most code here is in the same namespace.
+// - We try to declare static variables in the local scope, as close as possible to the code using them.
+// - We never use any of the helpers/facilities used internally by Dear ImGui, unless available in the public API.
+// - We never use maths operators on ImVec2/ImVec4. For our other sources files we use them, and they are provided
+//   by imgui.h using the IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS define. For your own sources file they are optional
+//   and require you either enable those, either provide your own via IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA in imconfig.h.
+//   Because we can't assume anything about your support of maths operators, we cannot use them in imgui_demo.cpp.
+
+// Navigating this file:
+// - In Visual Studio IDE: CTRL+comma ("Edit.GoToAll") can follow symbols in comments, whereas CTRL+F12 ("Edit.GoToImplementation") cannot.
+// - With Visual Assist installed: ALT+G ("VAssistX.GoToImplementation") can also follow symbols in comments.
+
+/*
+
+Index of this file:
+
+// [SECTION] Forward Declarations
+// [SECTION] Helpers
+// [SECTION] Demo Window / ShowDemoWindow()
+// - ShowDemoWindow()
+// - sub section: ShowDemoWindowWidgets()
+// - sub section: ShowDemoWindowLayout()
+// - sub section: ShowDemoWindowPopups()
+// - sub section: ShowDemoWindowTables()
+// - sub section: ShowDemoWindowInputs()
+// [SECTION] About Window / ShowAboutWindow()
+// [SECTION] Style Editor / ShowStyleEditor()
+// [SECTION] User Guide / ShowUserGuide()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Main Menu Bar / ShowExampleAppMainMenuBar()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Debug Console / ShowExampleAppConsole()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Debug Log / ShowExampleAppLog()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Simple Layout / ShowExampleAppLayout()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Property Editor / ShowExampleAppPropertyEditor()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Long Text / ShowExampleAppLongText()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Auto Resize / ShowExampleAppAutoResize()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Constrained Resize / ShowExampleAppConstrainedResize()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Simple overlay / ShowExampleAppSimpleOverlay()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Fullscreen window / ShowExampleAppFullscreen()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Manipulating window titles / ShowExampleAppWindowTitles()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Custom Rendering using ImDrawList API / ShowExampleAppCustomRendering()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Docking, DockSpace / ShowExampleAppDockSpace()
+// [SECTION] Example App: Documents Handling / ShowExampleAppDocuments()
+
+*/
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
+
+// System includes
+#include <ctype.h>          // toupper
+#include <limits.h>         // INT_MIN, INT_MAX
+#include <math.h>           // sqrtf, powf, cosf, sinf, floorf, ceilf
+#include <stdio.h>          // vsnprintf, sscanf, printf
+#include <stdlib.h>         // NULL, malloc, free, atoi
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1500 // MSVC 2008 or earlier
+#include <stddef.h>         // intptr_t
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>         // intptr_t
+#endif
+
+// Visual Studio warnings
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (disable: 4127)     // condition expression is constant
+#pragma warning (disable: 4996)     // 'This function or variable may be unsafe': strcpy, strdup, sprintf, vsnprintf, sscanf, fopen
+#pragma warning (disable: 26451)    // [Static Analyzer] Arithmetic overflow : Using operator 'xxx' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to an 8 byte value. Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator 'xxx' to avoid overflow(io.2).
+#endif
+
+// Clang/GCC warnings with -Weverything
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_warning("-Wunknown-warning-option")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-warning-option"         // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'                     // not all warnings are known by all Clang versions and they tend to be rename-happy.. so ignoring warnings triggers new warnings on some configuration. Great!
+#endif
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-pragmas"                // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"                 // warning: use of old-style cast                           // yes, they are more terse.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"        // warning: 'xx' is deprecated: The POSIX name for this..   // for strdup used in demo code (so user can copy & paste the code)
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wint-to-void-pointer-cast"       // warning: cast to 'void *' from smaller integer type
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-security"                // warning: format string is not a string literal
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wexit-time-destructors"          // warning: declaration requires an exit-time destructor    // exit-time destruction order is undefined. if MemFree() leads to users code that has been disabled before exit it might cause problems. ImGui coding style welcomes static/globals.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-macros"                  // warning: macro is not used                               // we define snprintf/vsnprintf on Windows so they are available, but not always used.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"  // warning: zero as null pointer constant                   // some standard header variations use #define NULL 0
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"               // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function  // using printf() is a misery with this as C++ va_arg ellipsis changes float to double.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreserved-id-macro"              // warning: macro name is a reserved identifier
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion"  // warning: implicit conversion from 'xxx' to 'float' may lose precision
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"                  // warning: unknown option after '#pragma GCC diagnostic' kind
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wint-to-pointer-cast"      // warning: cast to pointer from integer of different size
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-security"          // warning: format string is not a string literal (potentially insecure)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"         // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"               // warning: conversion to 'xxxx' from 'xxxx' may alter its value
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wmisleading-indentation"   // [__GNUC__ >= 6] warning: this 'if' clause does not guard this statement      // GCC 6.0+ only. See #883 on GitHub.
+#endif
+
+// Play it nice with Windows users (Update: May 2018, Notepad now supports Unix-style carriage returns!)
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define IM_NEWLINE  "\r\n"
+#else
+#define IM_NEWLINE  "\n"
+#endif
+
+// Helpers
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(snprintf)
+#define snprintf    _snprintf
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(vsnprintf)
+#define vsnprintf   _vsnprintf
+#endif
+
+// Format specifiers, printing 64-bit hasn't been decently standardized...
+// In a real application you should be using PRId64 and PRIu64 from <inttypes.h> (non-windows) and on Windows define them yourself.
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define IM_PRId64   "I64d"
+#define IM_PRIu64   "I64u"
+#else
+#define IM_PRId64   "lld"
+#define IM_PRIu64   "llu"
+#endif
+
+// Helpers macros
+// We normally try to not use many helpers in imgui_demo.cpp in order to make code easier to copy and paste,
+// but making an exception here as those are largely simplifying code...
+// In other imgui sources we can use nicer internal functions from imgui_internal.h (ImMin/ImMax) but not in the demo.
+#define IM_MIN(A, B)            (((A) < (B)) ? (A) : (B))
+#define IM_MAX(A, B)            (((A) >= (B)) ? (A) : (B))
+#define IM_CLAMP(V, MN, MX)     ((V) < (MN) ? (MN) : (V) > (MX) ? (MX) : (V))
+
+// Enforce cdecl calling convention for functions called by the standard library, in case compilation settings changed the default to e.g. __vectorcall
+#ifndef IMGUI_CDECL
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define IMGUI_CDECL __cdecl
+#else
+#define IMGUI_CDECL
+#endif
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Forward Declarations, Helpers
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_DEMO_WINDOWS)
+
+// Forward Declarations
+static void ShowExampleAppDockSpace(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppDocuments(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppMainMenuBar();
+static void ShowExampleAppConsole(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppLog(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppLayout(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppPropertyEditor(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppLongText(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppAutoResize(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppConstrainedResize(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppSimpleOverlay(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppFullscreen(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppWindowTitles(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleAppCustomRendering(bool* p_open);
+static void ShowExampleMenuFile();
+
+// We split the contents of the big ShowDemoWindow() function into smaller functions
+// (because the link time of very large functions grow non-linearly)
+static void ShowDemoWindowWidgets();
+static void ShowDemoWindowLayout();
+static void ShowDemoWindowPopups();
+static void ShowDemoWindowTables();
+static void ShowDemoWindowColumns();
+static void ShowDemoWindowInputs();
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Helpers
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helper to display a little (?) mark which shows a tooltip when hovered.
+// In your own code you may want to display an actual icon if you are using a merged icon fonts (see docs/FONTS.md)
+static void HelpMarker(const char* desc)
+{
+    ImGui::TextDisabled("(?)");
+    if (ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayShort) && ImGui::BeginTooltip())
+    {
+        ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 35.0f);
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(desc);
+        ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+        ImGui::EndTooltip();
+    }
+}
+
+static void ShowDockingDisabledMessage()
+{
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    ImGui::Text("ERROR: Docking is not enabled! See Demo > Configuration.");
+    ImGui::Text("Set io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable in your code, or ");
+    ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    if (ImGui::SmallButton("click here"))
+        io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable;
+}
+
+// Helper to wire demo markers located in code to an interactive browser
+typedef void (*ImGuiDemoMarkerCallback)(const char* file, int line, const char* section, void* user_data);
+extern ImGuiDemoMarkerCallback      GImGuiDemoMarkerCallback;
+extern void*                        GImGuiDemoMarkerCallbackUserData;
+ImGuiDemoMarkerCallback             GImGuiDemoMarkerCallback = NULL;
+void*                               GImGuiDemoMarkerCallbackUserData = NULL;
+#define IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER(section)  do { if (GImGuiDemoMarkerCallback != NULL) GImGuiDemoMarkerCallback(__FILE__, __LINE__, section, GImGuiDemoMarkerCallbackUserData); } while (0)
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Demo Window / ShowDemoWindow()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ShowDemoWindow()
+// - ShowDemoWindowWidgets()
+// - ShowDemoWindowLayout()
+// - ShowDemoWindowPopups()
+// - ShowDemoWindowTables()
+// - ShowDemoWindowColumns()
+// - ShowDemoWindowInputs()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate most Dear ImGui features (this is big function!)
+// You may execute this function to experiment with the UI and understand what it does.
+// You may then search for keywords in the code when you are interested by a specific feature.
+void ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(bool* p_open)
+{
+    // Exceptionally add an extra assert here for people confused about initial Dear ImGui setup
+    // Most functions would normally just crash if the context is missing.
+    IM_ASSERT(ImGui::GetCurrentContext() != NULL && "Missing dear imgui context. Refer to examples app!");
+
+    // Examples Apps (accessible from the "Examples" menu)
+    static bool show_app_main_menu_bar = false;
+    static bool show_app_dockspace = false;
+    static bool show_app_documents = false;
+    static bool show_app_console = false;
+    static bool show_app_log = false;
+    static bool show_app_layout = false;
+    static bool show_app_property_editor = false;
+    static bool show_app_long_text = false;
+    static bool show_app_auto_resize = false;
+    static bool show_app_constrained_resize = false;
+    static bool show_app_simple_overlay = false;
+    static bool show_app_fullscreen = false;
+    static bool show_app_window_titles = false;
+    static bool show_app_custom_rendering = false;
+
+    if (show_app_main_menu_bar)       ShowExampleAppMainMenuBar();
+    if (show_app_dockspace)           ShowExampleAppDockSpace(&show_app_dockspace);     // Process the Docking app first, as explicit DockSpace() nodes needs to be submitted early (read comments near the DockSpace function)
+    if (show_app_documents)           ShowExampleAppDocuments(&show_app_documents);     // Process the Document app next, as it may also use a DockSpace()
+    if (show_app_console)             ShowExampleAppConsole(&show_app_console);
+    if (show_app_log)                 ShowExampleAppLog(&show_app_log);
+    if (show_app_layout)              ShowExampleAppLayout(&show_app_layout);
+    if (show_app_property_editor)     ShowExampleAppPropertyEditor(&show_app_property_editor);
+    if (show_app_long_text)           ShowExampleAppLongText(&show_app_long_text);
+    if (show_app_auto_resize)         ShowExampleAppAutoResize(&show_app_auto_resize);
+    if (show_app_constrained_resize)  ShowExampleAppConstrainedResize(&show_app_constrained_resize);
+    if (show_app_simple_overlay)      ShowExampleAppSimpleOverlay(&show_app_simple_overlay);
+    if (show_app_fullscreen)          ShowExampleAppFullscreen(&show_app_fullscreen);
+    if (show_app_window_titles)       ShowExampleAppWindowTitles(&show_app_window_titles);
+    if (show_app_custom_rendering)    ShowExampleAppCustomRendering(&show_app_custom_rendering);
+
+    // Dear ImGui Tools/Apps (accessible from the "Tools" menu)
+    static bool show_app_metrics = false;
+    static bool show_app_debug_log = false;
+    static bool show_app_stack_tool = false;
+    static bool show_app_about = false;
+    static bool show_app_style_editor = false;
+
+    if (show_app_metrics)
+        ImGui::ShowMetricsWindow(&show_app_metrics);
+    if (show_app_debug_log)
+        ImGui::ShowDebugLogWindow(&show_app_debug_log);
+    if (show_app_stack_tool)
+        ImGui::ShowStackToolWindow(&show_app_stack_tool);
+    if (show_app_about)
+        ImGui::ShowAboutWindow(&show_app_about);
+    if (show_app_style_editor)
+    {
+        ImGui::Begin("Dear ImGui Style Editor", &show_app_style_editor);
+        ImGui::ShowStyleEditor();
+        ImGui::End();
+    }
+
+    // Demonstrate the various window flags. Typically you would just use the default!
+    static bool no_titlebar = false;
+    static bool no_scrollbar = false;
+    static bool no_menu = false;
+    static bool no_move = false;
+    static bool no_resize = false;
+    static bool no_collapse = false;
+    static bool no_close = false;
+    static bool no_nav = false;
+    static bool no_background = false;
+    static bool no_bring_to_front = false;
+    static bool no_docking = false;
+    static bool unsaved_document = false;
+
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = 0;
+    if (no_titlebar)        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;
+    if (no_scrollbar)       window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar;
+    if (!no_menu)           window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar;
+    if (no_move)            window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove;
+    if (no_resize)          window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize;
+    if (no_collapse)        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse;
+    if (no_nav)             window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNav;
+    if (no_background)      window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground;
+    if (no_bring_to_front)  window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus;
+    if (no_docking)         window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    if (unsaved_document)   window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument;
+    if (no_close)           p_open = NULL; // Don't pass our bool* to Begin
+
+    // We specify a default position/size in case there's no data in the .ini file.
+    // We only do it to make the demo applications a little more welcoming, but typically this isn't required.
+    const ImGuiViewport* main_viewport = ImGui::GetMainViewport();
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(main_viewport->WorkPos.x + 650, main_viewport->WorkPos.y + 20), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(550, 680), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+
+    // Main body of the Demo window starts here.
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("Dear ImGui Demo", p_open, window_flags))
+    {
+        // Early out if the window is collapsed, as an optimization.
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Most "big" widgets share a common width settings by default. See 'Demo->Layout->Widgets Width' for details.
+    // e.g. Use 2/3 of the space for widgets and 1/3 for labels (right align)
+    //ImGui::PushItemWidth(-ImGui::GetWindowWidth() * 0.35f);
+    // e.g. Leave a fixed amount of width for labels (by passing a negative value), the rest goes to widgets.
+    ImGui::PushItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * -12);
+
+    // Menu Bar
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+    {
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Menu"))
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Menu/File");
+            ShowExampleMenuFile();
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Examples"))
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Menu/Examples");
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Main menu bar", NULL, &show_app_main_menu_bar);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Console", NULL, &show_app_console);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Log", NULL, &show_app_log);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Simple layout", NULL, &show_app_layout);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Property editor", NULL, &show_app_property_editor);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Long text display", NULL, &show_app_long_text);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Auto-resizing window", NULL, &show_app_auto_resize);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Constrained-resizing window", NULL, &show_app_constrained_resize);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Simple overlay", NULL, &show_app_simple_overlay);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Fullscreen window", NULL, &show_app_fullscreen);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Manipulating window titles", NULL, &show_app_window_titles);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Custom rendering", NULL, &show_app_custom_rendering);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Dockspace", NULL, &show_app_dockspace);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Documents", NULL, &show_app_documents);
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        //if (ImGui::MenuItem("MenuItem")) {} // You can also use MenuItem() inside a menu bar!
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Tools"))
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Menu/Tools");
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+            const bool has_debug_tools = true;
+#else
+            const bool has_debug_tools = false;
+#endif
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Metrics/Debugger", NULL, &show_app_metrics, has_debug_tools);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Debug Log", NULL, &show_app_debug_log, has_debug_tools);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Stack Tool", NULL, &show_app_stack_tool, has_debug_tools);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Style Editor", NULL, &show_app_style_editor);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("About Dear ImGui", NULL, &show_app_about);
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::Text("dear imgui says hello! (%s) (%d)", IMGUI_VERSION, IMGUI_VERSION_NUM);
+    ImGui::Spacing();
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Help");
+    if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Help"))
+    {
+        ImGui::Text("ABOUT THIS DEMO:");
+        ImGui::BulletText("Sections below are demonstrating many aspects of the library.");
+        ImGui::BulletText("The \"Examples\" menu above leads to more demo contents.");
+        ImGui::BulletText("The \"Tools\" menu above gives access to: About Box, Style Editor,\n"
+                          "and Metrics/Debugger (general purpose Dear ImGui debugging tool).");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        ImGui::Text("PROGRAMMER GUIDE:");
+        ImGui::BulletText("See the ShowDemoWindow() code in imgui_demo.cpp. <- you are here!");
+        ImGui::BulletText("See comments in imgui.cpp.");
+        ImGui::BulletText("See example applications in the examples/ folder.");
+        ImGui::BulletText("Read the FAQ at http://www.dearimgui.com/faq/");
+        ImGui::BulletText("Set 'io.ConfigFlags |= NavEnableKeyboard' for keyboard controls.");
+        ImGui::BulletText("Set 'io.ConfigFlags |= NavEnableGamepad' for gamepad controls.");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        ImGui::Text("USER GUIDE:");
+        ImGui::ShowUserGuide();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Configuration");
+    if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Configuration"))
+    {
+        ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Configuration##2"))
+        {
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("General");
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.ConfigFlags: NavEnableKeyboard",    &io.ConfigFlags, ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable keyboard controls.");
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.ConfigFlags: NavEnableGamepad",     &io.ConfigFlags, ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable gamepad controls. Require backend to set io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad.\n\nRead instructions in imgui.cpp for details.");
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.ConfigFlags: NavEnableSetMousePos", &io.ConfigFlags, ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Instruct navigation to move the mouse cursor. See comment for ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos.");
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.ConfigFlags: NoMouse",              &io.ConfigFlags, ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouse);
+            if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouse)
+            {
+                // The "NoMouse" option can get us stuck with a disabled mouse! Let's provide an alternative way to fix it:
+                if (fmodf((float)ImGui::GetTime(), 0.40f) < 0.20f)
+                {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::Text("<<PRESS SPACE TO DISABLE>>");
+                }
+                if (ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Space))
+                    io.ConfigFlags &= ~ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouse;
+            }
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.ConfigFlags: NoMouseCursorChange", &io.ConfigFlags, ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouseCursorChange);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Instruct backend to not alter mouse cursor shape and visibility.");
+
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.ConfigFlags: DockingEnable", &io.ConfigFlags, ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (io.ConfigDockingWithShift)
+                HelpMarker("Drag from window title bar or their tab to dock/undock. Hold SHIFT to enable docking.\n\nDrag from window menu button (upper-left button) to undock an entire node (all windows).");
+            else
+                HelpMarker("Drag from window title bar or their tab to dock/undock. Hold SHIFT to disable docking.\n\nDrag from window menu button (upper-left button) to undock an entire node (all windows).");
+            if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable)
+            {
+                ImGui::Indent();
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigDockingNoSplit", &io.ConfigDockingNoSplit);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Simplified docking mode: disable window splitting, so docking is limited to merging multiple windows together into tab-bars.");
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigDockingWithShift", &io.ConfigDockingWithShift);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable docking when holding Shift only (allow to drop in wider space, reduce visual noise)");
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar", &io.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Create a docking node and tab-bar on single floating windows.");
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload", &io.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Make window or viewport transparent when docking and only display docking boxes on the target viewport. Useful if rendering of multiple viewport cannot be synced. Best used with ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge.");
+                ImGui::Unindent();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.ConfigFlags: ViewportsEnable", &io.ConfigFlags, ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("[beta] Enable beta multi-viewports support. See ImGuiPlatformIO for details.");
+            if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)
+            {
+                ImGui::Indent();
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge", &io.ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Set to make all floating imgui windows always create their own viewport. Otherwise, they are merged into the main host viewports when overlapping it.");
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon", &io.ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Toggling this at runtime is normally unsupported (most platform backends won't refresh the task bar icon state right away).");
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigViewportsNoDecoration", &io.ConfigViewportsNoDecoration);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Toggling this at runtime is normally unsupported (most platform backends won't refresh the decoration right away).");
+                ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigViewportsNoDefaultParent", &io.ConfigViewportsNoDefaultParent);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Toggling this at runtime is normally unsupported (most platform backends won't refresh the parenting right away).");
+                ImGui::Unindent();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigInputTrickleEventQueue", &io.ConfigInputTrickleEventQueue);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable input queue trickling: some types of events submitted during the same frame (e.g. button down + up) will be spread over multiple frames, improving interactions with low framerates.");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.MouseDrawCursor", &io.MouseDrawCursor);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Instruct Dear ImGui to render a mouse cursor itself. Note that a mouse cursor rendered via your application GPU rendering path will feel more laggy than hardware cursor, but will be more in sync with your other visuals.\n\nSome desktop applications may use both kinds of cursors (e.g. enable software cursor only when resizing/dragging something).");
+
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Widgets");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink", &io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable blinking cursor (optional as some users consider it to be distracting).");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigInputTextEnterKeepActive", &io.ConfigInputTextEnterKeepActive);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Pressing Enter will keep item active and select contents (single-line only).");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigDragClickToInputText", &io.ConfigDragClickToInputText);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable turning DragXXX widgets into text input with a simple mouse click-release (without moving).");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges", &io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable resizing of windows from their edges and from the lower-left corner.\nThis requires (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors) because it needs mouse cursor feedback.");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly", &io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors", &io.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors);
+            ImGui::Text("Also see Style->Rendering for rendering options.");
+
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Debug");
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueOnce", &io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueOnce); // .
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("First calls to Begin()/BeginChild() will return false.\n\nTHIS OPTION IS DISABLED because it needs to be set at application boot-time to make sense. Showing the disabled option is a way to make this feature easier to discover");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueLoop", &io.ConfigDebugBeginReturnValueLoop);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Some calls to Begin()/BeginChild() will return false.\n\nWill cycle through window depths then repeat. Windows should be flickering while running.");
+
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Configuration/Backend Flags");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Backend Flags"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker(
+                "Those flags are set by the backends (imgui_impl_xxx files) to specify their capabilities.\n"
+                "Here we expose them as read-only fields to avoid breaking interactions with your backend.");
+
+            // Make a local copy to avoid modifying actual backend flags.
+            // FIXME: Maybe we need a BeginReadonly() equivalent to keep label bright?
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: HasGamepad",             &io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: HasMouseCursors",        &io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: HasSetMousePos",         &io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_HasSetMousePos);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: PlatformHasViewports",   &io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: HasMouseHoveredViewport",&io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: RendererHasVtxOffset",   &io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: RendererHasViewports",   &io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasViewports);
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Configuration/Style");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Style"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker("The same contents can be accessed in 'Tools->Style Editor' or by calling the ShowStyleEditor() function.");
+            ImGui::ShowStyleEditor();
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Configuration/Capture, Logging");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Capture/Logging"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker(
+                "The logging API redirects all text output so you can easily capture the content of "
+                "a window or a block. Tree nodes can be automatically expanded.\n"
+                "Try opening any of the contents below in this window and then click one of the \"Log To\" button.");
+            ImGui::LogButtons();
+
+            HelpMarker("You can also call ImGui::LogText() to output directly to the log without a visual output.");
+            if (ImGui::Button("Copy \"Hello, world!\" to clipboard"))
+            {
+                ImGui::LogToClipboard();
+                ImGui::LogText("Hello, world!");
+                ImGui::LogFinish();
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Window options");
+    if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Window options"))
+    {
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("split", 3))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No titlebar", &no_titlebar);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No scrollbar", &no_scrollbar);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No menu", &no_menu);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No move", &no_move);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No resize", &no_resize);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No collapse", &no_collapse);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No close", &no_close);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No nav", &no_nav);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No background", &no_background);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No bring to front", &no_bring_to_front);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("No docking", &no_docking);
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Checkbox("Unsaved document", &unsaved_document);
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // All demo contents
+    ShowDemoWindowWidgets();
+    ShowDemoWindowLayout();
+    ShowDemoWindowPopups();
+    ShowDemoWindowTables();
+    ShowDemoWindowInputs();
+
+    // End of ShowDemoWindow()
+    ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+static void ShowDemoWindowWidgets()
+{
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets");
+    if (!ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Widgets"))
+        return;
+
+    static bool disable_all = false; // The Checkbox for that is inside the "Disabled" section at the bottom
+    if (disable_all)
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Basic"))
+    {
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("General");
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/Button");
+        static int clicked = 0;
+        if (ImGui::Button("Button"))
+            clicked++;
+        if (clicked & 1)
+        {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Thanks for clicking me!");
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/Checkbox");
+        static bool check = true;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("checkbox", &check);
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/RadioButton");
+        static int e = 0;
+        ImGui::RadioButton("radio a", &e, 0); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::RadioButton("radio b", &e, 1); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::RadioButton("radio c", &e, 2);
+
+        // Color buttons, demonstrate using PushID() to add unique identifier in the ID stack, and changing style.
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/Buttons (Colored)");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+        {
+            if (i > 0)
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::PushID(i);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(i / 7.0f, 0.6f, 0.6f));
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(i / 7.0f, 0.7f, 0.7f));
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonActive, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(i / 7.0f, 0.8f, 0.8f));
+            ImGui::Button("Click");
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor(3);
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+
+        // Use AlignTextToFramePadding() to align text baseline to the baseline of framed widgets elements
+        // (otherwise a Text+SameLine+Button sequence will have the text a little too high by default!)
+        // See 'Demo->Layout->Text Baseline Alignment' for details.
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+        ImGui::Text("Hold to repeat:");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+
+        // Arrow buttons with Repeater
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/Buttons (Repeating)");
+        static int counter = 0;
+        float spacing = ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+        ImGui::PushButtonRepeat(true);
+        if (ImGui::ArrowButton("##left", ImGuiDir_Left)) { counter--; }
+        ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, spacing);
+        if (ImGui::ArrowButton("##right", ImGuiDir_Right)) { counter++; }
+        ImGui::PopButtonRepeat();
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text("%d", counter);
+
+        {
+            // Tooltips
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/Tooltips");
+            //ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::Text("Tooltips:");
+
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SmallButton("Button");
+            if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                ImGui::SetTooltip("I am a tooltip");
+
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SmallButton("Fancy");
+            if (ImGui::IsItemHovered() && ImGui::BeginTooltip())
+            {
+                ImGui::Text("I am a fancy tooltip");
+                static float arr[] = { 0.6f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.92f, 0.1f, 0.2f };
+                ImGui::PlotLines("Curve", arr, IM_ARRAYSIZE(arr));
+                ImGui::Text("Sin(time) = %f", sinf((float)ImGui::GetTime()));
+                ImGui::EndTooltip();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SmallButton("Delayed");
+            if (ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayNormal)) // With a delay
+                ImGui::SetTooltip("I am a tooltip with a delay.");
+
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker(
+                "Tooltip are created by using the IsItemHovered() function over any kind of item.");
+        }
+
+        ImGui::LabelText("label", "Value");
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Inputs");
+
+        {
+            // To wire InputText() with std::string or any other custom string type,
+            // see the "Text Input > Resize Callback" section of this demo, and the misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h file.
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/InputText");
+            static char str0[128] = "Hello, world!";
+            ImGui::InputText("input text", str0, IM_ARRAYSIZE(str0));
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "USER:\n"
+                "Hold SHIFT or use mouse to select text.\n"
+                "CTRL+Left/Right to word jump.\n"
+                "CTRL+A or Double-Click to select all.\n"
+                "CTRL+X,CTRL+C,CTRL+V clipboard.\n"
+                "CTRL+Z,CTRL+Y undo/redo.\n"
+                "ESCAPE to revert.\n\n"
+                "PROGRAMMER:\n"
+                "You can use the ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize facility if you need to wire InputText() "
+                "to a dynamic string type. See misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h for an example (this is not demonstrated "
+                "in imgui_demo.cpp).");
+
+            static char str1[128] = "";
+            ImGui::InputTextWithHint("input text (w/ hint)", "enter text here", str1, IM_ARRAYSIZE(str1));
+
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/InputInt, InputFloat");
+            static int i0 = 123;
+            ImGui::InputInt("input int", &i0);
+
+            static float f0 = 0.001f;
+            ImGui::InputFloat("input float", &f0, 0.01f, 1.0f, "%.3f");
+
+            static double d0 = 999999.00000001;
+            ImGui::InputDouble("input double", &d0, 0.01f, 1.0f, "%.8f");
+
+            static float f1 = 1.e10f;
+            ImGui::InputFloat("input scientific", &f1, 0.0f, 0.0f, "%e");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "You can input value using the scientific notation,\n"
+                "  e.g. \"1e+8\" becomes \"100000000\".");
+
+            static float vec4a[4] = { 0.10f, 0.20f, 0.30f, 0.44f };
+            ImGui::InputFloat3("input float3", vec4a);
+        }
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Drags");
+
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/DragInt, DragFloat");
+            static int i1 = 50, i2 = 42;
+            ImGui::DragInt("drag int", &i1, 1);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "Click and drag to edit value.\n"
+                "Hold SHIFT/ALT for faster/slower edit.\n"
+                "Double-click or CTRL+click to input value.");
+
+            ImGui::DragInt("drag int 0..100", &i2, 1, 0, 100, "%d%%", ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+
+            static float f1 = 1.00f, f2 = 0.0067f;
+            ImGui::DragFloat("drag float", &f1, 0.005f);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("drag small float", &f2, 0.0001f, 0.0f, 0.0f, "%.06f ns");
+        }
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Sliders");
+
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/SliderInt, SliderFloat");
+            static int i1 = 0;
+            ImGui::SliderInt("slider int", &i1, -1, 3);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("CTRL+click to input value.");
+
+            static float f1 = 0.123f, f2 = 0.0f;
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("slider float", &f1, 0.0f, 1.0f, "ratio = %.3f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("slider float (log)", &f2, -10.0f, 10.0f, "%.4f", ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic);
+
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/SliderAngle");
+            static float angle = 0.0f;
+            ImGui::SliderAngle("slider angle", &angle);
+
+            // Using the format string to display a name instead of an integer.
+            // Here we completely omit '%d' from the format string, so it'll only display a name.
+            // This technique can also be used with DragInt().
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/Slider (enum)");
+            enum Element { Element_Fire, Element_Earth, Element_Air, Element_Water, Element_COUNT };
+            static int elem = Element_Fire;
+            const char* elems_names[Element_COUNT] = { "Fire", "Earth", "Air", "Water" };
+            const char* elem_name = (elem >= 0 && elem < Element_COUNT) ? elems_names[elem] : "Unknown";
+            ImGui::SliderInt("slider enum", &elem, 0, Element_COUNT - 1, elem_name);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Using the format string parameter to display a name instead of the underlying integer.");
+        }
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Selectors/Pickers");
+
+        {
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/ColorEdit3, ColorEdit4");
+            static float col1[3] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.2f };
+            static float col2[4] = { 0.4f, 0.7f, 0.0f, 0.5f };
+            ImGui::ColorEdit3("color 1", col1);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "Click on the color square to open a color picker.\n"
+                "Click and hold to use drag and drop.\n"
+                "Right-click on the color square to show options.\n"
+                "CTRL+click on individual component to input value.\n");
+
+            ImGui::ColorEdit4("color 2", col2);
+        }
+
+        {
+            // Using the _simplified_ one-liner Combo() api here
+            // See "Combo" section for examples of how to use the more flexible BeginCombo()/EndCombo() api.
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/Combo");
+            const char* items[] = { "AAAA", "BBBB", "CCCC", "DDDD", "EEEE", "FFFF", "GGGG", "HHHH", "IIIIIII", "JJJJ", "KKKKKKK" };
+            static int item_current = 0;
+            ImGui::Combo("combo", &item_current, items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items));
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "Using the simplified one-liner Combo API here.\nRefer to the \"Combo\" section below for an explanation of how to use the more flexible and general BeginCombo/EndCombo API.");
+        }
+
+        {
+            // Using the _simplified_ one-liner ListBox() api here
+            // See "List boxes" section for examples of how to use the more flexible BeginListBox()/EndListBox() api.
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Basic/ListBox");
+            const char* items[] = { "Apple", "Banana", "Cherry", "Kiwi", "Mango", "Orange", "Pineapple", "Strawberry", "Watermelon" };
+            static int item_current = 1;
+            ImGui::ListBox("listbox", &item_current, items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items), 4);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "Using the simplified one-liner ListBox API here.\nRefer to the \"List boxes\" section below for an explanation of how to use the more flexible and general BeginListBox/EndListBox API.");
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Testing ImGuiOnceUponAFrame helper.
+    //static ImGuiOnceUponAFrame once;
+    //for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+    //    if (once)
+    //        ImGui::Text("This will be displayed only once.");
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Trees");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Trees"))
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Trees/Basic trees");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Basic trees"))
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+            {
+                // Use SetNextItemOpen() so set the default state of a node to be open. We could
+                // also use TreeNodeEx() with the ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen flag to achieve the same thing!
+                if (i == 0)
+                    ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+
+                if (ImGui::TreeNode((void*)(intptr_t)i, "Child %d", i))
+                {
+                    ImGui::Text("blah blah");
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::SmallButton("button")) {}
+                    ImGui::TreePop();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Trees/Advanced, with Selectable nodes");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Advanced, with Selectable nodes"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker(
+                "This is a more typical looking tree with selectable nodes.\n"
+                "Click to select, CTRL+Click to toggle, click on arrows or double-click to open.");
+            static ImGuiTreeNodeFlags base_flags = ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnArrow | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanAvailWidth;
+            static bool align_label_with_current_x_position = false;
+            static bool test_drag_and_drop = false;
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnArrow",       &base_flags, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnArrow);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick", &base_flags, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanAvailWidth",    &base_flags, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanAvailWidth); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Extend hit area to all available width instead of allowing more items to be laid out after the node.");
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth",     &base_flags, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Align label with current X position", &align_label_with_current_x_position);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Test tree node as drag source", &test_drag_and_drop);
+            ImGui::Text("Hello!");
+            if (align_label_with_current_x_position)
+                ImGui::Unindent(ImGui::GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing());
+
+            // 'selection_mask' is dumb representation of what may be user-side selection state.
+            //  You may retain selection state inside or outside your objects in whatever format you see fit.
+            // 'node_clicked' is temporary storage of what node we have clicked to process selection at the end
+            /// of the loop. May be a pointer to your own node type, etc.
+            static int selection_mask = (1 << 2);
+            int node_clicked = -1;
+            for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+            {
+                // Disable the default "open on single-click behavior" + set Selected flag according to our selection.
+                // To alter selection we use IsItemClicked() && !IsItemToggledOpen(), so clicking on an arrow doesn't alter selection.
+                ImGuiTreeNodeFlags node_flags = base_flags;
+                const bool is_selected = (selection_mask & (1 << i)) != 0;
+                if (is_selected)
+                    node_flags |= ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Selected;
+                if (i < 3)
+                {
+                    // Items 0..2 are Tree Node
+                    bool node_open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx((void*)(intptr_t)i, node_flags, "Selectable Node %d", i);
+                    if (ImGui::IsItemClicked() && !ImGui::IsItemToggledOpen())
+                        node_clicked = i;
+                    if (test_drag_and_drop && ImGui::BeginDragDropSource())
+                    {
+                        ImGui::SetDragDropPayload("_TREENODE", NULL, 0);
+                        ImGui::Text("This is a drag and drop source");
+                        ImGui::EndDragDropSource();
+                    }
+                    if (node_open)
+                    {
+                        ImGui::BulletText("Blah blah\nBlah Blah");
+                        ImGui::TreePop();
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Items 3..5 are Tree Leaves
+                    // The only reason we use TreeNode at all is to allow selection of the leaf. Otherwise we can
+                    // use BulletText() or advance the cursor by GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing() and call Text().
+                    node_flags |= ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen; // ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Bullet
+                    ImGui::TreeNodeEx((void*)(intptr_t)i, node_flags, "Selectable Leaf %d", i);
+                    if (ImGui::IsItemClicked() && !ImGui::IsItemToggledOpen())
+                        node_clicked = i;
+                    if (test_drag_and_drop && ImGui::BeginDragDropSource())
+                    {
+                        ImGui::SetDragDropPayload("_TREENODE", NULL, 0);
+                        ImGui::Text("This is a drag and drop source");
+                        ImGui::EndDragDropSource();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (node_clicked != -1)
+            {
+                // Update selection state
+                // (process outside of tree loop to avoid visual inconsistencies during the clicking frame)
+                if (ImGui::GetIO().KeyCtrl)
+                    selection_mask ^= (1 << node_clicked);          // CTRL+click to toggle
+                else //if (!(selection_mask & (1 << node_clicked))) // Depending on selection behavior you want, may want to preserve selection when clicking on item that is part of the selection
+                    selection_mask = (1 << node_clicked);           // Click to single-select
+            }
+            if (align_label_with_current_x_position)
+                ImGui::Indent(ImGui::GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing());
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Collapsing Headers");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Collapsing Headers"))
+    {
+        static bool closable_group = true;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Show 2nd header", &closable_group);
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Header", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_None))
+        {
+            ImGui::Text("IsItemHovered: %d", ImGui::IsItemHovered());
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+                ImGui::Text("Some content %d", i);
+        }
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Header with a close button", &closable_group))
+        {
+            ImGui::Text("IsItemHovered: %d", ImGui::IsItemHovered());
+            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+                ImGui::Text("More content %d", i);
+        }
+        /*
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Header with a bullet", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Bullet))
+            ImGui::Text("IsItemHovered: %d", ImGui::IsItemHovered());
+        */
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Bullets");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Bullets"))
+    {
+        ImGui::BulletText("Bullet point 1");
+        ImGui::BulletText("Bullet point 2\nOn multiple lines");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Tree node"))
+        {
+            ImGui::BulletText("Another bullet point");
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        ImGui::Bullet(); ImGui::Text("Bullet point 3 (two calls)");
+        ImGui::Bullet(); ImGui::SmallButton("Button");
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Text"))
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text/Colored Text");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Colorful Text"))
+        {
+            // Using shortcut. You can use PushStyleColor()/PopStyleColor() for more flexibility.
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f), "Pink");
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), "Yellow");
+            ImGui::TextDisabled("Disabled");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("The TextDisabled color is stored in ImGuiStyle.");
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text/Word Wrapping");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Word Wrapping"))
+        {
+            // Using shortcut. You can use PushTextWrapPos()/PopTextWrapPos() for more flexibility.
+            ImGui::TextWrapped(
+                "This text should automatically wrap on the edge of the window. The current implementation "
+                "for text wrapping follows simple rules suitable for English and possibly other languages.");
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+
+            static float wrap_width = 200.0f;
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("Wrap width", &wrap_width, -20, 600, "%.0f");
+
+            ImDrawList* draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+            for (int n = 0; n < 2; n++)
+            {
+                ImGui::Text("Test paragraph %d:", n);
+                ImVec2 pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                ImVec2 marker_min = ImVec2(pos.x + wrap_width, pos.y);
+                ImVec2 marker_max = ImVec2(pos.x + wrap_width + 10, pos.y + ImGui::GetTextLineHeight());
+                ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetCursorPos().x + wrap_width);
+                if (n == 0)
+                    ImGui::Text("The lazy dog is a good dog. This paragraph should fit within %.0f pixels. Testing a 1 character word. The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", wrap_width);
+                else
+                    ImGui::Text("aaaaaaaa bbbbbbbb, c cccccccc,dddddddd. d eeeeeeee   ffffffff. gggggggg!hhhhhhhh");
+
+                // Draw actual text bounding box, following by marker of our expected limit (should not overlap!)
+                draw_list->AddRect(ImGui::GetItemRectMin(), ImGui::GetItemRectMax(), IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(marker_min, marker_max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 255, 255));
+                ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text/UTF-8 Text");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("UTF-8 Text"))
+        {
+            // UTF-8 test with Japanese characters
+            // (Needs a suitable font? Try "Google Noto" or "Arial Unicode". See docs/FONTS.md for details.)
+            // - From C++11 you can use the u8"my text" syntax to encode literal strings as UTF-8
+            // - For earlier compiler, you may be able to encode your sources as UTF-8 (e.g. in Visual Studio, you
+            //   can save your source files as 'UTF-8 without signature').
+            // - FOR THIS DEMO FILE ONLY, BECAUSE WE WANT TO SUPPORT OLD COMPILERS, WE ARE *NOT* INCLUDING RAW UTF-8
+            //   CHARACTERS IN THIS SOURCE FILE. Instead we are encoding a few strings with hexadecimal constants.
+            //   Don't do this in your application! Please use u8"text in any language" in your application!
+            // Note that characters values are preserved even by InputText() if the font cannot be displayed,
+            // so you can safely copy & paste garbled characters into another application.
+            ImGui::TextWrapped(
+                "CJK text will only appear if the font was loaded with the appropriate CJK character ranges. "
+                "Call io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF() manually to load extra character ranges. "
+                "Read docs/FONTS.md for details.");
+            ImGui::Text("Hiragana: \xe3\x81\x8b\xe3\x81\x8d\xe3\x81\x8f\xe3\x81\x91\xe3\x81\x93 (kakikukeko)"); // Normally we would use u8"blah blah" with the proper characters directly in the string.
+            ImGui::Text("Kanjis: \xe6\x97\xa5\xe6\x9c\xac\xe8\xaa\x9e (nihongo)");
+            static char buf[32] = "\xe6\x97\xa5\xe6\x9c\xac\xe8\xaa\x9e";
+            //static char buf[32] = u8"NIHONGO"; // <- this is how you would write it with C++11, using real kanjis
+            ImGui::InputText("UTF-8 input", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Images");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Images"))
+    {
+        ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+        ImGui::TextWrapped(
+            "Below we are displaying the font texture (which is the only texture we have access to in this demo). "
+            "Use the 'ImTextureID' type as storage to pass pointers or identifier to your own texture data. "
+            "Hover the texture for a zoomed view!");
+
+        // Below we are displaying the font texture because it is the only texture we have access to inside the demo!
+        // Remember that ImTextureID is just storage for whatever you want it to be. It is essentially a value that
+        // will be passed to the rendering backend via the ImDrawCmd structure.
+        // If you use one of the default imgui_impl_XXXX.cpp rendering backend, they all have comments at the top
+        // of their respective source file to specify what they expect to be stored in ImTextureID, for example:
+        // - The imgui_impl_dx11.cpp renderer expect a 'ID3D11ShaderResourceView*' pointer
+        // - The imgui_impl_opengl3.cpp renderer expect a GLuint OpenGL texture identifier, etc.
+        // More:
+        // - If you decided that ImTextureID = MyEngineTexture*, then you can pass your MyEngineTexture* pointers
+        //   to ImGui::Image(), and gather width/height through your own functions, etc.
+        // - You can use ShowMetricsWindow() to inspect the draw data that are being passed to your renderer,
+        //   it will help you debug issues if you are confused about it.
+        // - Consider using the lower-level ImDrawList::AddImage() API, via ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddImage().
+        // - Read https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/blob/master/docs/FAQ.md
+        // - Read https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Image-Loading-and-Displaying-Examples
+        ImTextureID my_tex_id = io.Fonts->TexID;
+        float my_tex_w = (float)io.Fonts->TexWidth;
+        float my_tex_h = (float)io.Fonts->TexHeight;
+        {
+            static bool use_text_color_for_tint = false;
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Use Text Color for Tint", &use_text_color_for_tint);
+            ImGui::Text("%.0fx%.0f", my_tex_w, my_tex_h);
+            ImVec2 pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+            ImVec2 uv_min = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);                 // Top-left
+            ImVec2 uv_max = ImVec2(1.0f, 1.0f);                 // Lower-right
+            ImVec4 tint_col = use_text_color_for_tint ? ImGui::GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_Text) : ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);   // No tint
+            ImVec4 border_col = ImGui::GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_Border);
+            ImGui::Image(my_tex_id, ImVec2(my_tex_w, my_tex_h), uv_min, uv_max, tint_col, border_col);
+            if (ImGui::IsItemHovered() && ImGui::BeginTooltip())
+            {
+                float region_sz = 32.0f;
+                float region_x = io.MousePos.x - pos.x - region_sz * 0.5f;
+                float region_y = io.MousePos.y - pos.y - region_sz * 0.5f;
+                float zoom = 4.0f;
+                if (region_x < 0.0f) { region_x = 0.0f; }
+                else if (region_x > my_tex_w - region_sz) { region_x = my_tex_w - region_sz; }
+                if (region_y < 0.0f) { region_y = 0.0f; }
+                else if (region_y > my_tex_h - region_sz) { region_y = my_tex_h - region_sz; }
+                ImGui::Text("Min: (%.2f, %.2f)", region_x, region_y);
+                ImGui::Text("Max: (%.2f, %.2f)", region_x + region_sz, region_y + region_sz);
+                ImVec2 uv0 = ImVec2((region_x) / my_tex_w, (region_y) / my_tex_h);
+                ImVec2 uv1 = ImVec2((region_x + region_sz) / my_tex_w, (region_y + region_sz) / my_tex_h);
+                ImGui::Image(my_tex_id, ImVec2(region_sz * zoom, region_sz * zoom), uv0, uv1, tint_col, border_col);
+                ImGui::EndTooltip();
+            }
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Images/Textured buttons");
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("And now some textured buttons..");
+        static int pressed_count = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+        {
+            // UV coordinates are often (0.0f, 0.0f) and (1.0f, 1.0f) to display an entire textures.
+            // Here are trying to display only a 32x32 pixels area of the texture, hence the UV computation.
+            // Read about UV coordinates here: https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Image-Loading-and-Displaying-Examples
+            ImGui::PushID(i);
+            if (i > 0)
+                ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(i - 1.0f, i - 1.0f));
+            ImVec2 size = ImVec2(32.0f, 32.0f);                         // Size of the image we want to make visible
+            ImVec2 uv0 = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);                            // UV coordinates for lower-left
+            ImVec2 uv1 = ImVec2(32.0f / my_tex_w, 32.0f / my_tex_h);    // UV coordinates for (32,32) in our texture
+            ImVec4 bg_col = ImVec4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);             // Black background
+            ImVec4 tint_col = ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);           // No tint
+            if (ImGui::ImageButton("", my_tex_id, size, uv0, uv1, bg_col, tint_col))
+                pressed_count += 1;
+            if (i > 0)
+                ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            ImGui::PopID();
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+        }
+        ImGui::NewLine();
+        ImGui::Text("Pressed %d times.", pressed_count);
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Combo");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Combo"))
+    {
+        // Combo Boxes are also called "Dropdown" in other systems
+        // Expose flags as checkbox for the demo
+        static ImGuiComboFlags flags = 0;
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiComboFlags_PopupAlignLeft", &flags, ImGuiComboFlags_PopupAlignLeft);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Only makes a difference if the popup is larger than the combo");
+        if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton", &flags, ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton))
+            flags &= ~ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview;     // Clear the other flag, as we cannot combine both
+        if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview", &flags, ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview))
+            flags &= ~ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton; // Clear the other flag, as we cannot combine both
+
+        // Using the generic BeginCombo() API, you have full control over how to display the combo contents.
+        // (your selection data could be an index, a pointer to the object, an id for the object, a flag intrusively
+        // stored in the object itself, etc.)
+        const char* items[] = { "AAAA", "BBBB", "CCCC", "DDDD", "EEEE", "FFFF", "GGGG", "HHHH", "IIII", "JJJJ", "KKKK", "LLLLLLL", "MMMM", "OOOOOOO" };
+        static int item_current_idx = 0; // Here we store our selection data as an index.
+        const char* combo_preview_value = items[item_current_idx];  // Pass in the preview value visible before opening the combo (it could be anything)
+        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("combo 1", combo_preview_value, flags))
+        {
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(items); n++)
+            {
+                const bool is_selected = (item_current_idx == n);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(items[n], is_selected))
+                    item_current_idx = n;
+
+                // Set the initial focus when opening the combo (scrolling + keyboard navigation focus)
+                if (is_selected)
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndCombo();
+        }
+
+        // Simplified one-liner Combo() API, using values packed in a single constant string
+        // This is a convenience for when the selection set is small and known at compile-time.
+        static int item_current_2 = 0;
+        ImGui::Combo("combo 2 (one-liner)", &item_current_2, "aaaa\0bbbb\0cccc\0dddd\0eeee\0\0");
+
+        // Simplified one-liner Combo() using an array of const char*
+        // This is not very useful (may obsolete): prefer using BeginCombo()/EndCombo() for full control.
+        static int item_current_3 = -1; // If the selection isn't within 0..count, Combo won't display a preview
+        ImGui::Combo("combo 3 (array)", &item_current_3, items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items));
+
+        // Simplified one-liner Combo() using an accessor function
+        struct Funcs { static bool ItemGetter(void* data, int n, const char** out_str) { *out_str = ((const char**)data)[n]; return true; } };
+        static int item_current_4 = 0;
+        ImGui::Combo("combo 4 (function)", &item_current_4, &Funcs::ItemGetter, items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items));
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/List Boxes");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("List boxes"))
+    {
+        // Using the generic BeginListBox() API, you have full control over how to display the combo contents.
+        // (your selection data could be an index, a pointer to the object, an id for the object, a flag intrusively
+        // stored in the object itself, etc.)
+        const char* items[] = { "AAAA", "BBBB", "CCCC", "DDDD", "EEEE", "FFFF", "GGGG", "HHHH", "IIII", "JJJJ", "KKKK", "LLLLLLL", "MMMM", "OOOOOOO" };
+        static int item_current_idx = 0; // Here we store our selection data as an index.
+        if (ImGui::BeginListBox("listbox 1"))
+        {
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(items); n++)
+            {
+                const bool is_selected = (item_current_idx == n);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(items[n], is_selected))
+                    item_current_idx = n;
+
+                // Set the initial focus when opening the combo (scrolling + keyboard navigation focus)
+                if (is_selected)
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndListBox();
+        }
+
+        // Custom size: use all width, 5 items tall
+        ImGui::Text("Full-width:");
+        if (ImGui::BeginListBox("##listbox 2", ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 5 * ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing())))
+        {
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(items); n++)
+            {
+                const bool is_selected = (item_current_idx == n);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(items[n], is_selected))
+                    item_current_idx = n;
+
+                // Set the initial focus when opening the combo (scrolling + keyboard navigation focus)
+                if (is_selected)
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndListBox();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Selectables"))
+    {
+        // Selectable() has 2 overloads:
+        // - The one taking "bool selected" as a read-only selection information.
+        //   When Selectable() has been clicked it returns true and you can alter selection state accordingly.
+        // - The one taking "bool* p_selected" as a read-write selection information (convenient in some cases)
+        // The earlier is more flexible, as in real application your selection may be stored in many different ways
+        // and not necessarily inside a bool value (e.g. in flags within objects, as an external list, etc).
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables/Basic");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Basic"))
+        {
+            static bool selection[5] = { false, true, false, false, false };
+            ImGui::Selectable("1. I am selectable", &selection[0]);
+            ImGui::Selectable("2. I am selectable", &selection[1]);
+            ImGui::Text("(I am not selectable)");
+            ImGui::Selectable("4. I am selectable", &selection[3]);
+            if (ImGui::Selectable("5. I am double clickable", selection[4], ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowDoubleClick))
+                if (ImGui::IsMouseDoubleClicked(0))
+                    selection[4] = !selection[4];
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables/Single Selection");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Selection State: Single Selection"))
+        {
+            static int selected = -1;
+            for (int n = 0; n < 5; n++)
+            {
+                char buf[32];
+                sprintf(buf, "Object %d", n);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(buf, selected == n))
+                    selected = n;
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables/Multiple Selection");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Selection State: Multiple Selection"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker("Hold CTRL and click to select multiple items.");
+            static bool selection[5] = { false, false, false, false, false };
+            for (int n = 0; n < 5; n++)
+            {
+                char buf[32];
+                sprintf(buf, "Object %d", n);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(buf, selection[n]))
+                {
+                    if (!ImGui::GetIO().KeyCtrl)    // Clear selection when CTRL is not held
+                        memset(selection, 0, sizeof(selection));
+                    selection[n] ^= 1;
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables/Rendering more text into the same line");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Rendering more text into the same line"))
+        {
+            // Using the Selectable() override that takes "bool* p_selected" parameter,
+            // this function toggle your bool value automatically.
+            static bool selected[3] = { false, false, false };
+            ImGui::Selectable("main.c",    &selected[0]); ImGui::SameLine(300); ImGui::Text(" 2,345 bytes");
+            ImGui::Selectable("Hello.cpp", &selected[1]); ImGui::SameLine(300); ImGui::Text("12,345 bytes");
+            ImGui::Selectable("Hello.h",   &selected[2]); ImGui::SameLine(300); ImGui::Text(" 2,345 bytes");
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables/In columns");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("In columns"))
+        {
+            static bool selected[10] = {};
+
+            if (ImGui::BeginTable("split1", 3, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders))
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+                {
+                    char label[32];
+                    sprintf(label, "Item %d", i);
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Selectable(label, &selected[i]); // FIXME-TABLE: Selection overlap
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTable();
+            }
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            if (ImGui::BeginTable("split2", 3, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders))
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+                {
+                    char label[32];
+                    sprintf(label, "Item %d", i);
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Selectable(label, &selected[i], ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns);
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("Some other contents");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("123456");
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTable();
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables/Grid");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Grid"))
+        {
+            static char selected[4][4] = { { 1, 0, 0, 0 }, { 0, 1, 0, 0 }, { 0, 0, 1, 0 }, { 0, 0, 0, 1 } };
+
+            // Add in a bit of silly fun...
+            const float time = (float)ImGui::GetTime();
+            const bool winning_state = memchr(selected, 0, sizeof(selected)) == NULL; // If all cells are selected...
+            if (winning_state)
+                ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_SelectableTextAlign, ImVec2(0.5f + 0.5f * cosf(time * 2.0f), 0.5f + 0.5f * sinf(time * 3.0f)));
+
+            for (int y = 0; y < 4; y++)
+                for (int x = 0; x < 4; x++)
+                {
+                    if (x > 0)
+                        ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::PushID(y * 4 + x);
+                    if (ImGui::Selectable("Sailor", selected[y][x] != 0, 0, ImVec2(50, 50)))
+                    {
+                        // Toggle clicked cell + toggle neighbors
+                        selected[y][x] ^= 1;
+                        if (x > 0) { selected[y][x - 1] ^= 1; }
+                        if (x < 3) { selected[y][x + 1] ^= 1; }
+                        if (y > 0) { selected[y - 1][x] ^= 1; }
+                        if (y < 3) { selected[y + 1][x] ^= 1; }
+                    }
+                    ImGui::PopID();
+                }
+
+            if (winning_state)
+                ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Selectables/Alignment");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Alignment"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker(
+                "By default, Selectables uses style.SelectableTextAlign but it can be overridden on a per-item "
+                "basis using PushStyleVar(). You'll probably want to always keep your default situation to "
+                "left-align otherwise it becomes difficult to layout multiple items on a same line");
+            static bool selected[3 * 3] = { true, false, true, false, true, false, true, false, true };
+            for (int y = 0; y < 3; y++)
+            {
+                for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++)
+                {
+                    ImVec2 alignment = ImVec2((float)x / 2.0f, (float)y / 2.0f);
+                    char name[32];
+                    sprintf(name, "(%.1f,%.1f)", alignment.x, alignment.y);
+                    if (x > 0) ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_SelectableTextAlign, alignment);
+                    ImGui::Selectable(name, &selected[3 * y + x], ImGuiSelectableFlags_None, ImVec2(80, 80));
+                    ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // To wire InputText() with std::string or any other custom string type,
+    // see the "Text Input > Resize Callback" section of this demo, and the misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h file.
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text Input");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Text Input"))
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text Input/Multi-line Text Input");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Multi-line Text Input"))
+        {
+            // Note: we are using a fixed-sized buffer for simplicity here. See ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize
+            // and the code in misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h for how to setup InputText() for dynamically resizing strings.
+            static char text[1024 * 16] =
+                "/*\n"
+                " The Pentium F00F bug, shorthand for F0 0F C7 C8,\n"
+                " the hexadecimal encoding of one offending instruction,\n"
+                " more formally, the invalid operand with locked CMPXCHG8B\n"
+                " instruction bug, is a design flaw in the majority of\n"
+                " Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX, and Pentium OverDrive\n"
+                " processors (all in the P5 microarchitecture).\n"
+                "*/\n\n"
+                "label:\n"
+                "\tlock cmpxchg8b eax\n";
+
+            static ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput;
+            HelpMarker("You can use the ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize facility if you need to wire InputTextMultiline() to a dynamic string type. See misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h for an example. (This is not demonstrated in imgui_demo.cpp because we don't want to include <string> in here)");
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly", &flags, ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput", &flags, ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiInputTextFlags_CtrlEnterForNewLine", &flags, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CtrlEnterForNewLine);
+            ImGui::InputTextMultiline("##source", text, IM_ARRAYSIZE(text), ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, ImGui::GetTextLineHeight() * 16), flags);
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text Input/Filtered Text Input");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Filtered Text Input"))
+        {
+            struct TextFilters
+            {
+                // Return 0 (pass) if the character is 'i' or 'm' or 'g' or 'u' or 'i'
+                static int FilterImGuiLetters(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data)
+                {
+                    if (data->EventChar < 256 && strchr("imgui", (char)data->EventChar))
+                        return 0;
+                    return 1;
+                }
+            };
+
+            static char buf1[64] = ""; ImGui::InputText("default",     buf1, 64);
+            static char buf2[64] = ""; ImGui::InputText("decimal",     buf2, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsDecimal);
+            static char buf3[64] = ""; ImGui::InputText("hexadecimal", buf3, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase);
+            static char buf4[64] = ""; ImGui::InputText("uppercase",   buf4, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase);
+            static char buf5[64] = ""; ImGui::InputText("no blank",    buf5, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsNoBlank);
+            static char buf6[64] = ""; ImGui::InputText("\"imgui\" letters", buf6, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter, TextFilters::FilterImGuiLetters);
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text Input/Password input");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Password Input"))
+        {
+            static char password[64] = "password123";
+            ImGui::InputText("password", password, IM_ARRAYSIZE(password), ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Display all characters as '*'.\nDisable clipboard cut and copy.\nDisable logging.\n");
+            ImGui::InputTextWithHint("password (w/ hint)", "<password>", password, IM_ARRAYSIZE(password), ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password);
+            ImGui::InputText("password (clear)", password, IM_ARRAYSIZE(password));
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Completion, History, Edit Callbacks"))
+        {
+            struct Funcs
+            {
+                static int MyCallback(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data)
+                {
+                    if (data->EventFlag == ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion)
+                    {
+                        data->InsertChars(data->CursorPos, "..");
+                    }
+                    else if (data->EventFlag == ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory)
+                    {
+                        if (data->EventKey == ImGuiKey_UpArrow)
+                        {
+                            data->DeleteChars(0, data->BufTextLen);
+                            data->InsertChars(0, "Pressed Up!");
+                            data->SelectAll();
+                        }
+                        else if (data->EventKey == ImGuiKey_DownArrow)
+                        {
+                            data->DeleteChars(0, data->BufTextLen);
+                            data->InsertChars(0, "Pressed Down!");
+                            data->SelectAll();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (data->EventFlag == ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackEdit)
+                    {
+                        // Toggle casing of first character
+                        char c = data->Buf[0];
+                        if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')) data->Buf[0] ^= 32;
+                        data->BufDirty = true;
+
+                        // Increment a counter
+                        int* p_int = (int*)data->UserData;
+                        *p_int = *p_int + 1;
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+            };
+            static char buf1[64];
+            ImGui::InputText("Completion", buf1, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion, Funcs::MyCallback);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Here we append \"..\" each time Tab is pressed. See 'Examples>Console' for a more meaningful demonstration of using this callback.");
+
+            static char buf2[64];
+            ImGui::InputText("History", buf2, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory, Funcs::MyCallback);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Here we replace and select text each time Up/Down are pressed. See 'Examples>Console' for a more meaningful demonstration of using this callback.");
+
+            static char buf3[64];
+            static int edit_count = 0;
+            ImGui::InputText("Edit", buf3, 64, ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackEdit, Funcs::MyCallback, (void*)&edit_count);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Here we toggle the casing of the first character on every edit + count edits.");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::Text("(%d)", edit_count);
+
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text Input/Resize Callback");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Resize Callback"))
+        {
+            // To wire InputText() with std::string or any other custom string type,
+            // you can use the ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize flag + create a custom ImGui::InputText() wrapper
+            // using your preferred type. See misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h for an implementation of this using std::string.
+            HelpMarker(
+                "Using ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize to wire your custom string type to InputText().\n\n"
+                "See misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h for an implementation of this for std::string.");
+            struct Funcs
+            {
+                static int MyResizeCallback(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data)
+                {
+                    if (data->EventFlag == ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize)
+                    {
+                        ImVector<char>* my_str = (ImVector<char>*)data->UserData;
+                        IM_ASSERT(my_str->begin() == data->Buf);
+                        my_str->resize(data->BufSize); // NB: On resizing calls, generally data->BufSize == data->BufTextLen + 1
+                        data->Buf = my_str->begin();
+                    }
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                // Note: Because ImGui:: is a namespace you would typically add your own function into the namespace.
+                // For example, you code may declare a function 'ImGui::InputText(const char* label, MyString* my_str)'
+                static bool MyInputTextMultiline(const char* label, ImVector<char>* my_str, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0), ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0)
+                {
+                    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize) == 0);
+                    return ImGui::InputTextMultiline(label, my_str->begin(), (size_t)my_str->size(), size, flags | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize, Funcs::MyResizeCallback, (void*)my_str);
+                }
+            };
+
+            // For this demo we are using ImVector as a string container.
+            // Note that because we need to store a terminating zero character, our size/capacity are 1 more
+            // than usually reported by a typical string class.
+            static ImVector<char> my_str;
+            if (my_str.empty())
+                my_str.push_back(0);
+            Funcs::MyInputTextMultiline("##MyStr", &my_str, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, ImGui::GetTextLineHeight() * 16));
+            ImGui::Text("Data: %p\nSize: %d\nCapacity: %d", (void*)my_str.begin(), my_str.size(), my_str.capacity());
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Tabs
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Tabs");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Tabs"))
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Tabs/Basic");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Basic"))
+        {
+            ImGuiTabBarFlags tab_bar_flags = ImGuiTabBarFlags_None;
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("MyTabBar", tab_bar_flags))
+            {
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Avocado"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::Text("This is the Avocado tab!\nblah blah blah blah blah");
+                    ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Broccoli"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::Text("This is the Broccoli tab!\nblah blah blah blah blah");
+                    ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Cucumber"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::Text("This is the Cucumber tab!\nblah blah blah blah blah");
+                    ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTabBar();
+            }
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Tabs/Advanced & Close Button");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Advanced & Close Button"))
+        {
+            // Expose a couple of the available flags. In most cases you may just call BeginTabBar() with no flags (0).
+            static ImGuiTabBarFlags tab_bar_flags = ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable;
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_AutoSelectNewTabs", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_AutoSelectNewTabs);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_TabListPopupButton", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_TabListPopupButton);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton);
+            if ((tab_bar_flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyMask_) == 0)
+                tab_bar_flags |= ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyDefault_;
+            if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown))
+                tab_bar_flags &= ~(ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyMask_ ^ ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown);
+            if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll))
+                tab_bar_flags &= ~(ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyMask_ ^ ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll);
+
+            // Tab Bar
+            const char* names[4] = { "Artichoke", "Beetroot", "Celery", "Daikon" };
+            static bool opened[4] = { true, true, true, true }; // Persistent user state
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(opened); n++)
+            {
+                if (n > 0) { ImGui::SameLine(); }
+                ImGui::Checkbox(names[n], &opened[n]);
+            }
+
+            // Passing a bool* to BeginTabItem() is similar to passing one to Begin():
+            // the underlying bool will be set to false when the tab is closed.
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("MyTabBar", tab_bar_flags))
+            {
+                for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(opened); n++)
+                    if (opened[n] && ImGui::BeginTabItem(names[n], &opened[n], ImGuiTabItemFlags_None))
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("This is the %s tab!", names[n]);
+                        if (n & 1)
+                            ImGui::Text("I am an odd tab.");
+                        ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                    }
+                ImGui::EndTabBar();
+            }
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Tabs/TabItemButton & Leading-Trailing flags");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("TabItemButton & Leading/Trailing flags"))
+        {
+            static ImVector<int> active_tabs;
+            static int next_tab_id = 0;
+            if (next_tab_id == 0) // Initialize with some default tabs
+                for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+                    active_tabs.push_back(next_tab_id++);
+
+            // TabItemButton() and Leading/Trailing flags are distinct features which we will demo together.
+            // (It is possible to submit regular tabs with Leading/Trailing flags, or TabItemButton tabs without Leading/Trailing flags...
+            // but they tend to make more sense together)
+            static bool show_leading_button = true;
+            static bool show_trailing_button = true;
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Show Leading TabItemButton()", &show_leading_button);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Show Trailing TabItemButton()", &show_trailing_button);
+
+            // Expose some other flags which are useful to showcase how they interact with Leading/Trailing tabs
+            static ImGuiTabBarFlags tab_bar_flags = ImGuiTabBarFlags_AutoSelectNewTabs | ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown;
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_TabListPopupButton", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_TabListPopupButton);
+            if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown))
+                tab_bar_flags &= ~(ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyMask_ ^ ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown);
+            if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll", &tab_bar_flags, ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll))
+                tab_bar_flags &= ~(ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyMask_ ^ ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll);
+
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("MyTabBar", tab_bar_flags))
+            {
+                // Demo a Leading TabItemButton(): click the "?" button to open a menu
+                if (show_leading_button)
+                    if (ImGui::TabItemButton("?", ImGuiTabItemFlags_Leading | ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoTooltip))
+                        ImGui::OpenPopup("MyHelpMenu");
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopup("MyHelpMenu"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::Selectable("Hello!");
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+
+                // Demo Trailing Tabs: click the "+" button to add a new tab (in your app you may want to use a font icon instead of the "+")
+                // Note that we submit it before the regular tabs, but because of the ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing flag it will always appear at the end.
+                if (show_trailing_button)
+                    if (ImGui::TabItemButton("+", ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing | ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoTooltip))
+                        active_tabs.push_back(next_tab_id++); // Add new tab
+
+                // Submit our regular tabs
+                for (int n = 0; n < active_tabs.Size; )
+                {
+                    bool open = true;
+                    char name[16];
+                    snprintf(name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(name), "%04d", active_tabs[n]);
+                    if (ImGui::BeginTabItem(name, &open, ImGuiTabItemFlags_None))
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("This is the %s tab!", name);
+                        ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                    }
+
+                    if (!open)
+                        active_tabs.erase(active_tabs.Data + n);
+                    else
+                        n++;
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndTabBar();
+            }
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Plot/Graph widgets are not very good.
+    // Consider using a third-party library such as ImPlot: https://github.com/epezent/implot
+    // (see others https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Useful-Extensions)
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Plotting");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Plotting"))
+    {
+        static bool animate = true;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Animate", &animate);
+
+        // Plot as lines and plot as histogram
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Plotting/PlotLines, PlotHistogram");
+        static float arr[] = { 0.6f, 0.1f, 1.0f, 0.5f, 0.92f, 0.1f, 0.2f };
+        ImGui::PlotLines("Frame Times", arr, IM_ARRAYSIZE(arr));
+        ImGui::PlotHistogram("Histogram", arr, IM_ARRAYSIZE(arr), 0, NULL, 0.0f, 1.0f, ImVec2(0, 80.0f));
+
+        // Fill an array of contiguous float values to plot
+        // Tip: If your float aren't contiguous but part of a structure, you can pass a pointer to your first float
+        // and the sizeof() of your structure in the "stride" parameter.
+        static float values[90] = {};
+        static int values_offset = 0;
+        static double refresh_time = 0.0;
+        if (!animate || refresh_time == 0.0)
+            refresh_time = ImGui::GetTime();
+        while (refresh_time < ImGui::GetTime()) // Create data at fixed 60 Hz rate for the demo
+        {
+            static float phase = 0.0f;
+            values[values_offset] = cosf(phase);
+            values_offset = (values_offset + 1) % IM_ARRAYSIZE(values);
+            phase += 0.10f * values_offset;
+            refresh_time += 1.0f / 60.0f;
+        }
+
+        // Plots can display overlay texts
+        // (in this example, we will display an average value)
+        {
+            float average = 0.0f;
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(values); n++)
+                average += values[n];
+            average /= (float)IM_ARRAYSIZE(values);
+            char overlay[32];
+            sprintf(overlay, "avg %f", average);
+            ImGui::PlotLines("Lines", values, IM_ARRAYSIZE(values), values_offset, overlay, -1.0f, 1.0f, ImVec2(0, 80.0f));
+        }
+
+        // Use functions to generate output
+        // FIXME: This is actually VERY awkward because current plot API only pass in indices.
+        // We probably want an API passing floats and user provide sample rate/count.
+        struct Funcs
+        {
+            static float Sin(void*, int i) { return sinf(i * 0.1f); }
+            static float Saw(void*, int i) { return (i & 1) ? 1.0f : -1.0f; }
+        };
+        static int func_type = 0, display_count = 70;
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Functions");
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 8);
+        ImGui::Combo("func", &func_type, "Sin\0Saw\0");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SliderInt("Sample count", &display_count, 1, 400);
+        float (*func)(void*, int) = (func_type == 0) ? Funcs::Sin : Funcs::Saw;
+        ImGui::PlotLines("Lines", func, NULL, display_count, 0, NULL, -1.0f, 1.0f, ImVec2(0, 80));
+        ImGui::PlotHistogram("Histogram", func, NULL, display_count, 0, NULL, -1.0f, 1.0f, ImVec2(0, 80));
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // Animate a simple progress bar
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Plotting/ProgressBar");
+        static float progress = 0.0f, progress_dir = 1.0f;
+        if (animate)
+        {
+            progress += progress_dir * 0.4f * ImGui::GetIO().DeltaTime;
+            if (progress >= +1.1f) { progress = +1.1f; progress_dir *= -1.0f; }
+            if (progress <= -0.1f) { progress = -0.1f; progress_dir *= -1.0f; }
+        }
+
+        // Typically we would use ImVec2(-1.0f,0.0f) or ImVec2(-FLT_MIN,0.0f) to use all available width,
+        // or ImVec2(width,0.0f) for a specified width. ImVec2(0.0f,0.0f) uses ItemWidth.
+        ImGui::ProgressBar(progress, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+        ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        ImGui::Text("Progress Bar");
+
+        float progress_saturated = IM_CLAMP(progress, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        char buf[32];
+        sprintf(buf, "%d/%d", (int)(progress_saturated * 1753), 1753);
+        ImGui::ProgressBar(progress, ImVec2(0.f, 0.f), buf);
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Color/Picker Widgets"))
+    {
+        static ImVec4 color = ImVec4(114.0f / 255.0f, 144.0f / 255.0f, 154.0f / 255.0f, 200.0f / 255.0f);
+
+        static bool alpha_preview = true;
+        static bool alpha_half_preview = false;
+        static bool drag_and_drop = true;
+        static bool options_menu = true;
+        static bool hdr = false;
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Options");
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With Alpha Preview", &alpha_preview);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With Half Alpha Preview", &alpha_half_preview);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With Drag and Drop", &drag_and_drop);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With Options Menu", &options_menu); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Right-click on the individual color widget to show options.");
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With HDR", &hdr); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Currently all this does is to lift the 0..1 limits on dragging widgets.");
+        ImGuiColorEditFlags misc_flags = (hdr ? ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR : 0) | (drag_and_drop ? 0 : ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoDragDrop) | (alpha_half_preview ? ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf : (alpha_preview ? ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview : 0)) | (options_menu ? 0 : ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions);
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color/ColorEdit");
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Inline color editor");
+        ImGui::Text("Color widget:");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+            "Click on the color square to open a color picker.\n"
+            "CTRL+click on individual component to input value.\n");
+        ImGui::ColorEdit3("MyColor##1", (float*)&color, misc_flags);
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color/ColorEdit (HSV, with Alpha)");
+        ImGui::Text("Color widget HSV with Alpha:");
+        ImGui::ColorEdit4("MyColor##2", (float*)&color, ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV | misc_flags);
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color/ColorEdit (float display)");
+        ImGui::Text("Color widget with Float Display:");
+        ImGui::ColorEdit4("MyColor##2f", (float*)&color, ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float | misc_flags);
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color/ColorButton (with Picker)");
+        ImGui::Text("Color button with Picker:");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+            "With the ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs flag you can hide all the slider/text inputs.\n"
+            "With the ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel flag you can pass a non-empty label which will only "
+            "be used for the tooltip and picker popup.");
+        ImGui::ColorEdit4("MyColor##3", (float*)&color, ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel | misc_flags);
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color/ColorButton (with custom Picker popup)");
+        ImGui::Text("Color button with Custom Picker Popup:");
+
+        // Generate a default palette. The palette will persist and can be edited.
+        static bool saved_palette_init = true;
+        static ImVec4 saved_palette[32] = {};
+        if (saved_palette_init)
+        {
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(saved_palette); n++)
+            {
+                ImGui::ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(n / 31.0f, 0.8f, 0.8f,
+                    saved_palette[n].x, saved_palette[n].y, saved_palette[n].z);
+                saved_palette[n].w = 1.0f; // Alpha
+            }
+            saved_palette_init = false;
+        }
+
+        static ImVec4 backup_color;
+        bool open_popup = ImGui::ColorButton("MyColor##3b", color, misc_flags);
+        ImGui::SameLine(0, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        open_popup |= ImGui::Button("Palette");
+        if (open_popup)
+        {
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("mypicker");
+            backup_color = color;
+        }
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopup("mypicker"))
+        {
+            ImGui::Text("MY CUSTOM COLOR PICKER WITH AN AMAZING PALETTE!");
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::ColorPicker4("##picker", (float*)&color, misc_flags | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSmallPreview);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+
+            ImGui::BeginGroup(); // Lock X position
+            ImGui::Text("Current");
+            ImGui::ColorButton("##current", color, ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoPicker | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf, ImVec2(60, 40));
+            ImGui::Text("Previous");
+            if (ImGui::ColorButton("##previous", backup_color, ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoPicker | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf, ImVec2(60, 40)))
+                color = backup_color;
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("Palette");
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(saved_palette); n++)
+            {
+                ImGui::PushID(n);
+                if ((n % 8) != 0)
+                    ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y);
+
+                ImGuiColorEditFlags palette_button_flags = ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoPicker | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip;
+                if (ImGui::ColorButton("##palette", saved_palette[n], palette_button_flags, ImVec2(20, 20)))
+                    color = ImVec4(saved_palette[n].x, saved_palette[n].y, saved_palette[n].z, color.w); // Preserve alpha!
+
+                // Allow user to drop colors into each palette entry. Note that ColorButton() is already a
+                // drag source by default, unless specifying the ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoDragDrop flag.
+                if (ImGui::BeginDragDropTarget())
+                {
+                    if (const ImGuiPayload* payload = ImGui::AcceptDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_3F))
+                        memcpy((float*)&saved_palette[n], payload->Data, sizeof(float) * 3);
+                    if (const ImGuiPayload* payload = ImGui::AcceptDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_4F))
+                        memcpy((float*)&saved_palette[n], payload->Data, sizeof(float) * 4);
+                    ImGui::EndDragDropTarget();
+                }
+
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndGroup();
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color/ColorButton (simple)");
+        ImGui::Text("Color button only:");
+        static bool no_border = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoBorder", &no_border);
+        ImGui::ColorButton("MyColor##3c", *(ImVec4*)&color, misc_flags | (no_border ? ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoBorder : 0), ImVec2(80, 80));
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Color/ColorPicker");
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Color picker");
+        static bool alpha = true;
+        static bool alpha_bar = true;
+        static bool side_preview = true;
+        static bool ref_color = false;
+        static ImVec4 ref_color_v(1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.5f);
+        static int display_mode = 0;
+        static int picker_mode = 0;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With Alpha", &alpha);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With Alpha Bar", &alpha_bar);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("With Side Preview", &side_preview);
+        if (side_preview)
+        {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("With Ref Color", &ref_color);
+            if (ref_color)
+            {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::ColorEdit4("##RefColor", &ref_color_v.x, ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs | misc_flags);
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::Combo("Display Mode", &display_mode, "Auto/Current\0None\0RGB Only\0HSV Only\0Hex Only\0");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+            "ColorEdit defaults to displaying RGB inputs if you don't specify a display mode, "
+            "but the user can change it with a right-click on those inputs.\n\nColorPicker defaults to displaying RGB+HSV+Hex "
+            "if you don't specify a display mode.\n\nYou can change the defaults using SetColorEditOptions().");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("When not specified explicitly (Auto/Current mode), user can right-click the picker to change mode.");
+        ImGuiColorEditFlags flags = misc_flags;
+        if (!alpha)            flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha;        // This is by default if you call ColorPicker3() instead of ColorPicker4()
+        if (alpha_bar)         flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar;
+        if (!side_preview)     flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview;
+        if (picker_mode == 1)  flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar;
+        if (picker_mode == 2)  flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel;
+        if (display_mode == 1) flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs;       // Disable all RGB/HSV/Hex displays
+        if (display_mode == 2) flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB;     // Override display mode
+        if (display_mode == 3) flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV;
+        if (display_mode == 4) flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex;
+        ImGui::ColorPicker4("MyColor##4", (float*)&color, flags, ref_color ? &ref_color_v.x : NULL);
+
+        ImGui::Text("Set defaults in code:");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+            "SetColorEditOptions() is designed to allow you to set boot-time default.\n"
+            "We don't have Push/Pop functions because you can force options on a per-widget basis if needed,"
+            "and the user can change non-forced ones with the options menu.\nWe don't have a getter to avoid"
+            "encouraging you to persistently save values that aren't forward-compatible.");
+        if (ImGui::Button("Default: Uint8 + HSV + Hue Bar"))
+            ImGui::SetColorEditOptions(ImGuiColorEditFlags_Uint8 | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV | ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar);
+        if (ImGui::Button("Default: Float + HDR + Hue Wheel"))
+            ImGui::SetColorEditOptions(ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float | ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR | ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel);
+
+        // Always both a small version of both types of pickers (to make it more visible in the demo to people who are skimming quickly through it)
+        ImGui::Text("Both types:");
+        float w = (ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x - ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y) * 0.40f;
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(w);
+        ImGui::ColorPicker3("##MyColor##5", (float*)&color, ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(w);
+        ImGui::ColorPicker3("##MyColor##6", (float*)&color, ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha);
+
+        // HSV encoded support (to avoid RGB<>HSV round trips and singularities when S==0 or V==0)
+        static ImVec4 color_hsv(0.23f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Stored as HSV!
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        ImGui::Text("HSV encoded colors");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+            "By default, colors are given to ColorEdit and ColorPicker in RGB, but ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV"
+            "allows you to store colors as HSV and pass them to ColorEdit and ColorPicker as HSV. This comes with the"
+            "added benefit that you can manipulate hue values with the picker even when saturation or value are zero.");
+        ImGui::Text("Color widget with InputHSV:");
+        ImGui::ColorEdit4("HSV shown as RGB##1", (float*)&color_hsv, ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB | ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV | ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float);
+        ImGui::ColorEdit4("HSV shown as HSV##1", (float*)&color_hsv, ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV | ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV | ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float);
+        ImGui::DragFloat4("Raw HSV values", (float*)&color_hsv, 0.01f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Drag and Slider Flags");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Drag/Slider Flags"))
+    {
+        // Demonstrate using advanced flags for DragXXX and SliderXXX functions. Note that the flags are the same!
+        static ImGuiSliderFlags flags = ImGuiSliderFlags_None;
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp", &flags, ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Always clamp value to min/max bounds (if any) when input manually with CTRL+Click.");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic", &flags, ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable logarithmic editing (more precision for small values).");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat", &flags, ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable rounding underlying value to match precision of the format string (e.g. %.3f values are rounded to those 3 digits).");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput", &flags, ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable CTRL+Click or Enter key allowing to input text directly into the widget.");
+
+        // Drags
+        static float drag_f = 0.5f;
+        static int drag_i = 50;
+        ImGui::Text("Underlying float value: %f", drag_f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("DragFloat (0 -> 1)", &drag_f, 0.005f, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.3f", flags);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("DragFloat (0 -> +inf)", &drag_f, 0.005f, 0.0f, FLT_MAX, "%.3f", flags);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("DragFloat (-inf -> 1)", &drag_f, 0.005f, -FLT_MAX, 1.0f, "%.3f", flags);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("DragFloat (-inf -> +inf)", &drag_f, 0.005f, -FLT_MAX, +FLT_MAX, "%.3f", flags);
+        ImGui::DragInt("DragInt (0 -> 100)", &drag_i, 0.5f, 0, 100, "%d", flags);
+
+        // Sliders
+        static float slider_f = 0.5f;
+        static int slider_i = 50;
+        ImGui::Text("Underlying float value: %f", slider_f);
+        ImGui::SliderFloat("SliderFloat (0 -> 1)", &slider_f, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.3f", flags);
+        ImGui::SliderInt("SliderInt (0 -> 100)", &slider_i, 0, 100, "%d", flags);
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Range Widgets");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Range Widgets"))
+    {
+        static float begin = 10, end = 90;
+        static int begin_i = 100, end_i = 1000;
+        ImGui::DragFloatRange2("range float", &begin, &end, 0.25f, 0.0f, 100.0f, "Min: %.1f %%", "Max: %.1f %%", ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+        ImGui::DragIntRange2("range int", &begin_i, &end_i, 5, 0, 1000, "Min: %d units", "Max: %d units");
+        ImGui::DragIntRange2("range int (no bounds)", &begin_i, &end_i, 5, 0, 0, "Min: %d units", "Max: %d units");
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Data Types");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Data Types"))
+    {
+        // DragScalar/InputScalar/SliderScalar functions allow various data types
+        // - signed/unsigned
+        // - 8/16/32/64-bits
+        // - integer/float/double
+        // To avoid polluting the public API with all possible combinations, we use the ImGuiDataType enum
+        // to pass the type, and passing all arguments by pointer.
+        // This is the reason the test code below creates local variables to hold "zero" "one" etc. for each type.
+        // In practice, if you frequently use a given type that is not covered by the normal API entry points,
+        // you can wrap it yourself inside a 1 line function which can take typed argument as value instead of void*,
+        // and then pass their address to the generic function. For example:
+        //   bool MySliderU64(const char *label, u64* value, u64 min = 0, u64 max = 0, const char* format = "%lld")
+        //   {
+        //      return SliderScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_U64, value, &min, &max, format);
+        //   }
+
+        // Setup limits (as helper variables so we can take their address, as explained above)
+        // Note: SliderScalar() functions have a maximum usable range of half the natural type maximum, hence the /2.
+        #ifndef LLONG_MIN
+        ImS64 LLONG_MIN = -9223372036854775807LL - 1;
+        ImS64 LLONG_MAX = 9223372036854775807LL;
+        ImU64 ULLONG_MAX = (2ULL * 9223372036854775807LL + 1);
+        #endif
+        const char    s8_zero  = 0,   s8_one  = 1,   s8_fifty  = 50, s8_min  = -128,        s8_max = 127;
+        const ImU8    u8_zero  = 0,   u8_one  = 1,   u8_fifty  = 50, u8_min  = 0,           u8_max = 255;
+        const short   s16_zero = 0,   s16_one = 1,   s16_fifty = 50, s16_min = -32768,      s16_max = 32767;
+        const ImU16   u16_zero = 0,   u16_one = 1,   u16_fifty = 50, u16_min = 0,           u16_max = 65535;
+        const ImS32   s32_zero = 0,   s32_one = 1,   s32_fifty = 50, s32_min = INT_MIN/2,   s32_max = INT_MAX/2,    s32_hi_a = INT_MAX/2 - 100,    s32_hi_b = INT_MAX/2;
+        const ImU32   u32_zero = 0,   u32_one = 1,   u32_fifty = 50, u32_min = 0,           u32_max = UINT_MAX/2,   u32_hi_a = UINT_MAX/2 - 100,   u32_hi_b = UINT_MAX/2;
+        const ImS64   s64_zero = 0,   s64_one = 1,   s64_fifty = 50, s64_min = LLONG_MIN/2, s64_max = LLONG_MAX/2,  s64_hi_a = LLONG_MAX/2 - 100,  s64_hi_b = LLONG_MAX/2;
+        const ImU64   u64_zero = 0,   u64_one = 1,   u64_fifty = 50, u64_min = 0,           u64_max = ULLONG_MAX/2, u64_hi_a = ULLONG_MAX/2 - 100, u64_hi_b = ULLONG_MAX/2;
+        const float   f32_zero = 0.f, f32_one = 1.f, f32_lo_a = -10000000000.0f, f32_hi_a = +10000000000.0f;
+        const double  f64_zero = 0.,  f64_one = 1.,  f64_lo_a = -1000000000000000.0, f64_hi_a = +1000000000000000.0;
+
+        // State
+        static char   s8_v  = 127;
+        static ImU8   u8_v  = 255;
+        static short  s16_v = 32767;
+        static ImU16  u16_v = 65535;
+        static ImS32  s32_v = -1;
+        static ImU32  u32_v = (ImU32)-1;
+        static ImS64  s64_v = -1;
+        static ImU64  u64_v = (ImU64)-1;
+        static float  f32_v = 0.123f;
+        static double f64_v = 90000.01234567890123456789;
+
+        const float drag_speed = 0.2f;
+        static bool drag_clamp = false;
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Data Types/Drags");
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Drags");
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Clamp integers to 0..50", &drag_clamp);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+            "As with every widget in dear imgui, we never modify values unless there is a user interaction.\n"
+            "You can override the clamping limits by using CTRL+Click to input a value.");
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag s8",        ImGuiDataType_S8,     &s8_v,  drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &s8_zero  : NULL, drag_clamp ? &s8_fifty  : NULL);
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag u8",        ImGuiDataType_U8,     &u8_v,  drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &u8_zero  : NULL, drag_clamp ? &u8_fifty  : NULL, "%u ms");
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag s16",       ImGuiDataType_S16,    &s16_v, drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &s16_zero : NULL, drag_clamp ? &s16_fifty : NULL);
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag u16",       ImGuiDataType_U16,    &u16_v, drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &u16_zero : NULL, drag_clamp ? &u16_fifty : NULL, "%u ms");
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag s32",       ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &s32_zero : NULL, drag_clamp ? &s32_fifty : NULL);
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag s32 hex",   ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &s32_zero : NULL, drag_clamp ? &s32_fifty : NULL, "0x%08X");
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag u32",       ImGuiDataType_U32,    &u32_v, drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &u32_zero : NULL, drag_clamp ? &u32_fifty : NULL, "%u ms");
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag s64",       ImGuiDataType_S64,    &s64_v, drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &s64_zero : NULL, drag_clamp ? &s64_fifty : NULL);
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag u64",       ImGuiDataType_U64,    &u64_v, drag_speed, drag_clamp ? &u64_zero : NULL, drag_clamp ? &u64_fifty : NULL);
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag float",     ImGuiDataType_Float,  &f32_v, 0.005f,  &f32_zero, &f32_one, "%f");
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag float log", ImGuiDataType_Float,  &f32_v, 0.005f,  &f32_zero, &f32_one, "%f", ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic);
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag double",    ImGuiDataType_Double, &f64_v, 0.0005f, &f64_zero, NULL,     "%.10f grams");
+        ImGui::DragScalar("drag double log",ImGuiDataType_Double, &f64_v, 0.0005f, &f64_zero, &f64_one, "0 < %.10f < 1", ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic);
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Data Types/Sliders");
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Sliders");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s8 full",       ImGuiDataType_S8,     &s8_v,  &s8_min,   &s8_max,   "%d");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u8 full",       ImGuiDataType_U8,     &u8_v,  &u8_min,   &u8_max,   "%u");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s16 full",      ImGuiDataType_S16,    &s16_v, &s16_min,  &s16_max,  "%d");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u16 full",      ImGuiDataType_U16,    &u16_v, &u16_min,  &u16_max,  "%u");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s32 low",       ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, &s32_zero, &s32_fifty,"%d");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s32 high",      ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, &s32_hi_a, &s32_hi_b, "%d");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s32 full",      ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, &s32_min,  &s32_max,  "%d");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s32 hex",       ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, &s32_zero, &s32_fifty, "0x%04X");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u32 low",       ImGuiDataType_U32,    &u32_v, &u32_zero, &u32_fifty,"%u");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u32 high",      ImGuiDataType_U32,    &u32_v, &u32_hi_a, &u32_hi_b, "%u");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u32 full",      ImGuiDataType_U32,    &u32_v, &u32_min,  &u32_max,  "%u");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s64 low",       ImGuiDataType_S64,    &s64_v, &s64_zero, &s64_fifty,"%" IM_PRId64);
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s64 high",      ImGuiDataType_S64,    &s64_v, &s64_hi_a, &s64_hi_b, "%" IM_PRId64);
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s64 full",      ImGuiDataType_S64,    &s64_v, &s64_min,  &s64_max,  "%" IM_PRId64);
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u64 low",       ImGuiDataType_U64,    &u64_v, &u64_zero, &u64_fifty,"%" IM_PRIu64 " ms");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u64 high",      ImGuiDataType_U64,    &u64_v, &u64_hi_a, &u64_hi_b, "%" IM_PRIu64 " ms");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u64 full",      ImGuiDataType_U64,    &u64_v, &u64_min,  &u64_max,  "%" IM_PRIu64 " ms");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider float low",     ImGuiDataType_Float,  &f32_v, &f32_zero, &f32_one);
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider float low log", ImGuiDataType_Float,  &f32_v, &f32_zero, &f32_one,  "%.10f", ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic);
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider float high",    ImGuiDataType_Float,  &f32_v, &f32_lo_a, &f32_hi_a, "%e");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider double low",    ImGuiDataType_Double, &f64_v, &f64_zero, &f64_one,  "%.10f grams");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider double low log",ImGuiDataType_Double, &f64_v, &f64_zero, &f64_one,  "%.10f", ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic);
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider double high",   ImGuiDataType_Double, &f64_v, &f64_lo_a, &f64_hi_a, "%e grams");
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Sliders (reverse)");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s8 reverse",    ImGuiDataType_S8,   &s8_v,  &s8_max,    &s8_min,   "%d");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u8 reverse",    ImGuiDataType_U8,   &u8_v,  &u8_max,    &u8_min,   "%u");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s32 reverse",   ImGuiDataType_S32,  &s32_v, &s32_fifty, &s32_zero, "%d");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u32 reverse",   ImGuiDataType_U32,  &u32_v, &u32_fifty, &u32_zero, "%u");
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider s64 reverse",   ImGuiDataType_S64,  &s64_v, &s64_fifty, &s64_zero, "%" IM_PRId64);
+        ImGui::SliderScalar("slider u64 reverse",   ImGuiDataType_U64,  &u64_v, &u64_fifty, &u64_zero, "%" IM_PRIu64 " ms");
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Data Types/Inputs");
+        static bool inputs_step = true;
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Inputs");
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Show step buttons", &inputs_step);
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input s8",      ImGuiDataType_S8,     &s8_v,  inputs_step ? &s8_one  : NULL, NULL, "%d");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input u8",      ImGuiDataType_U8,     &u8_v,  inputs_step ? &u8_one  : NULL, NULL, "%u");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input s16",     ImGuiDataType_S16,    &s16_v, inputs_step ? &s16_one : NULL, NULL, "%d");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input u16",     ImGuiDataType_U16,    &u16_v, inputs_step ? &u16_one : NULL, NULL, "%u");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input s32",     ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, inputs_step ? &s32_one : NULL, NULL, "%d");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input s32 hex", ImGuiDataType_S32,    &s32_v, inputs_step ? &s32_one : NULL, NULL, "%04X");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input u32",     ImGuiDataType_U32,    &u32_v, inputs_step ? &u32_one : NULL, NULL, "%u");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input u32 hex", ImGuiDataType_U32,    &u32_v, inputs_step ? &u32_one : NULL, NULL, "%08X");
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input s64",     ImGuiDataType_S64,    &s64_v, inputs_step ? &s64_one : NULL);
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input u64",     ImGuiDataType_U64,    &u64_v, inputs_step ? &u64_one : NULL);
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input float",   ImGuiDataType_Float,  &f32_v, inputs_step ? &f32_one : NULL);
+        ImGui::InputScalar("input double",  ImGuiDataType_Double, &f64_v, inputs_step ? &f64_one : NULL);
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Multi-component Widgets");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Multi-component Widgets"))
+    {
+        static float vec4f[4] = { 0.10f, 0.20f, 0.30f, 0.44f };
+        static int vec4i[4] = { 1, 5, 100, 255 };
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("2-wide");
+        ImGui::InputFloat2("input float2", vec4f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat2("drag float2", vec4f, 0.01f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImGui::SliderFloat2("slider float2", vec4f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImGui::InputInt2("input int2", vec4i);
+        ImGui::DragInt2("drag int2", vec4i, 1, 0, 255);
+        ImGui::SliderInt2("slider int2", vec4i, 0, 255);
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("3-wide");
+        ImGui::InputFloat3("input float3", vec4f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat3("drag float3", vec4f, 0.01f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImGui::SliderFloat3("slider float3", vec4f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImGui::InputInt3("input int3", vec4i);
+        ImGui::DragInt3("drag int3", vec4i, 1, 0, 255);
+        ImGui::SliderInt3("slider int3", vec4i, 0, 255);
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("4-wide");
+        ImGui::InputFloat4("input float4", vec4f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat4("drag float4", vec4f, 0.01f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImGui::SliderFloat4("slider float4", vec4f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImGui::InputInt4("input int4", vec4i);
+        ImGui::DragInt4("drag int4", vec4i, 1, 0, 255);
+        ImGui::SliderInt4("slider int4", vec4i, 0, 255);
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Vertical Sliders");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Vertical Sliders"))
+    {
+        const float spacing = 4;
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(spacing, spacing));
+
+        static int int_value = 0;
+        ImGui::VSliderInt("##int", ImVec2(18, 160), &int_value, 0, 5);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+
+        static float values[7] = { 0.0f, 0.60f, 0.35f, 0.9f, 0.70f, 0.20f, 0.0f };
+        ImGui::PushID("set1");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++)
+        {
+            if (i > 0) ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::PushID(i);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_FrameBg, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(i / 7.0f, 0.5f, 0.5f));
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(i / 7.0f, 0.6f, 0.5f));
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(i / 7.0f, 0.7f, 0.5f));
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_SliderGrab, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(i / 7.0f, 0.9f, 0.9f));
+            ImGui::VSliderFloat("##v", ImVec2(18, 160), &values[i], 0.0f, 1.0f, "");
+            if (ImGui::IsItemActive() || ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                ImGui::SetTooltip("%.3f", values[i]);
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor(4);
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopID();
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::PushID("set2");
+        static float values2[4] = { 0.20f, 0.80f, 0.40f, 0.25f };
+        const int rows = 3;
+        const ImVec2 small_slider_size(18, (float)(int)((160.0f - (rows - 1) * spacing) / rows));
+        for (int nx = 0; nx < 4; nx++)
+        {
+            if (nx > 0) ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::BeginGroup();
+            for (int ny = 0; ny < rows; ny++)
+            {
+                ImGui::PushID(nx * rows + ny);
+                ImGui::VSliderFloat("##v", small_slider_size, &values2[nx], 0.0f, 1.0f, "");
+                if (ImGui::IsItemActive() || ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                    ImGui::SetTooltip("%.3f", values2[nx]);
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndGroup();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopID();
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::PushID("set3");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            if (i > 0) ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::PushID(i);
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_GrabMinSize, 40);
+            ImGui::VSliderFloat("##v", ImVec2(40, 160), &values[i], 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.2f\nsec");
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopID();
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Drag and drop");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Drag and Drop"))
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Drag and drop/Standard widgets");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Drag and drop in standard widgets"))
+        {
+            // ColorEdit widgets automatically act as drag source and drag target.
+            // They are using standardized payload strings IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_3F and IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_4F
+            // to allow your own widgets to use colors in their drag and drop interaction.
+            // Also see 'Demo->Widgets->Color/Picker Widgets->Palette' demo.
+            HelpMarker("You can drag from the color squares.");
+            static float col1[3] = { 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.2f };
+            static float col2[4] = { 0.4f, 0.7f, 0.0f, 0.5f };
+            ImGui::ColorEdit3("color 1", col1);
+            ImGui::ColorEdit4("color 2", col2);
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Drag and drop/Copy-swap items");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Drag and drop to copy/swap items"))
+        {
+            enum Mode
+            {
+                Mode_Copy,
+                Mode_Move,
+                Mode_Swap
+            };
+            static int mode = 0;
+            if (ImGui::RadioButton("Copy", mode == Mode_Copy)) { mode = Mode_Copy; } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::RadioButton("Move", mode == Mode_Move)) { mode = Mode_Move; } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::RadioButton("Swap", mode == Mode_Swap)) { mode = Mode_Swap; }
+            static const char* names[9] =
+            {
+                "Bobby", "Beatrice", "Betty",
+                "Brianna", "Barry", "Bernard",
+                "Bibi", "Blaine", "Bryn"
+            };
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(names); n++)
+            {
+                ImGui::PushID(n);
+                if ((n % 3) != 0)
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::Button(names[n], ImVec2(60, 60));
+
+                // Our buttons are both drag sources and drag targets here!
+                if (ImGui::BeginDragDropSource(ImGuiDragDropFlags_None))
+                {
+                    // Set payload to carry the index of our item (could be anything)
+                    ImGui::SetDragDropPayload("DND_DEMO_CELL", &n, sizeof(int));
+
+                    // Display preview (could be anything, e.g. when dragging an image we could decide to display
+                    // the filename and a small preview of the image, etc.)
+                    if (mode == Mode_Copy) { ImGui::Text("Copy %s", names[n]); }
+                    if (mode == Mode_Move) { ImGui::Text("Move %s", names[n]); }
+                    if (mode == Mode_Swap) { ImGui::Text("Swap %s", names[n]); }
+                    ImGui::EndDragDropSource();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginDragDropTarget())
+                {
+                    if (const ImGuiPayload* payload = ImGui::AcceptDragDropPayload("DND_DEMO_CELL"))
+                    {
+                        IM_ASSERT(payload->DataSize == sizeof(int));
+                        int payload_n = *(const int*)payload->Data;
+                        if (mode == Mode_Copy)
+                        {
+                            names[n] = names[payload_n];
+                        }
+                        if (mode == Mode_Move)
+                        {
+                            names[n] = names[payload_n];
+                            names[payload_n] = "";
+                        }
+                        if (mode == Mode_Swap)
+                        {
+                            const char* tmp = names[n];
+                            names[n] = names[payload_n];
+                            names[payload_n] = tmp;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndDragDropTarget();
+                }
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Drag and Drop/Drag to reorder items (simple)");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Drag to reorder items (simple)"))
+        {
+            // Simple reordering
+            HelpMarker(
+                "We don't use the drag and drop api at all here! "
+                "Instead we query when the item is held but not hovered, and order items accordingly.");
+            static const char* item_names[] = { "Item One", "Item Two", "Item Three", "Item Four", "Item Five" };
+            for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(item_names); n++)
+            {
+                const char* item = item_names[n];
+                ImGui::Selectable(item);
+
+                if (ImGui::IsItemActive() && !ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                {
+                    int n_next = n + (ImGui::GetMouseDragDelta(0).y < 0.f ? -1 : 1);
+                    if (n_next >= 0 && n_next < IM_ARRAYSIZE(item_names))
+                    {
+                        item_names[n] = item_names[n_next];
+                        item_names[n_next] = item;
+                        ImGui::ResetMouseDragDelta();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Querying Item Status (Edited,Active,Hovered etc.)");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Querying Item Status (Edited/Active/Hovered etc.)"))
+    {
+        // Select an item type
+        const char* item_names[] =
+        {
+            "Text", "Button", "Button (w/ repeat)", "Checkbox", "SliderFloat", "InputText", "InputTextMultiline", "InputFloat",
+            "InputFloat3", "ColorEdit4", "Selectable", "MenuItem", "TreeNode", "TreeNode (w/ double-click)", "Combo", "ListBox"
+        };
+        static int item_type = 4;
+        static bool item_disabled = false;
+        ImGui::Combo("Item Type", &item_type, item_names, IM_ARRAYSIZE(item_names), IM_ARRAYSIZE(item_names));
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        HelpMarker("Testing how various types of items are interacting with the IsItemXXX functions. Note that the bool return value of most ImGui function is generally equivalent to calling ImGui::IsItemHovered().");
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Item Disabled",  &item_disabled);
+
+        // Submit selected items so we can query their status in the code following it.
+        bool ret = false;
+        static bool b = false;
+        static float col4f[4] = { 1.0f, 0.5, 0.0f, 1.0f };
+        static char str[16] = {};
+        if (item_disabled)
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(true);
+        if (item_type == 0) { ImGui::Text("ITEM: Text"); }                                              // Testing text items with no identifier/interaction
+        if (item_type == 1) { ret = ImGui::Button("ITEM: Button"); }                                    // Testing button
+        if (item_type == 2) { ImGui::PushButtonRepeat(true); ret = ImGui::Button("ITEM: Button"); ImGui::PopButtonRepeat(); } // Testing button (with repeater)
+        if (item_type == 3) { ret = ImGui::Checkbox("ITEM: Checkbox", &b); }                            // Testing checkbox
+        if (item_type == 4) { ret = ImGui::SliderFloat("ITEM: SliderFloat", &col4f[0], 0.0f, 1.0f); }   // Testing basic item
+        if (item_type == 5) { ret = ImGui::InputText("ITEM: InputText", &str[0], IM_ARRAYSIZE(str)); }  // Testing input text (which handles tabbing)
+        if (item_type == 6) { ret = ImGui::InputTextMultiline("ITEM: InputTextMultiline", &str[0], IM_ARRAYSIZE(str)); } // Testing input text (which uses a child window)
+        if (item_type == 7) { ret = ImGui::InputFloat("ITEM: InputFloat", col4f, 1.0f); }               // Testing +/- buttons on scalar input
+        if (item_type == 8) { ret = ImGui::InputFloat3("ITEM: InputFloat3", col4f); }                   // Testing multi-component items (IsItemXXX flags are reported merged)
+        if (item_type == 9) { ret = ImGui::ColorEdit4("ITEM: ColorEdit4", col4f); }                     // Testing multi-component items (IsItemXXX flags are reported merged)
+        if (item_type == 10){ ret = ImGui::Selectable("ITEM: Selectable"); }                            // Testing selectable item
+        if (item_type == 11){ ret = ImGui::MenuItem("ITEM: MenuItem"); }                                // Testing menu item (they use ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnRelease button policy)
+        if (item_type == 12){ ret = ImGui::TreeNode("ITEM: TreeNode"); if (ret) ImGui::TreePop(); }     // Testing tree node
+        if (item_type == 13){ ret = ImGui::TreeNodeEx("ITEM: TreeNode w/ ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen); } // Testing tree node with ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick button policy.
+        if (item_type == 14){ const char* items[] = { "Apple", "Banana", "Cherry", "Kiwi" }; static int current = 1; ret = ImGui::Combo("ITEM: Combo", &current, items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items)); }
+        if (item_type == 15){ const char* items[] = { "Apple", "Banana", "Cherry", "Kiwi" }; static int current = 1; ret = ImGui::ListBox("ITEM: ListBox", &current, items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items), IM_ARRAYSIZE(items)); }
+
+        bool hovered_delay_none = ImGui::IsItemHovered();
+        bool hovered_delay_short = ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayShort);
+        bool hovered_delay_normal = ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayNormal);
+
+        // Display the values of IsItemHovered() and other common item state functions.
+        // Note that the ImGuiHoveredFlags_XXX flags can be combined.
+        // Because BulletText is an item itself and that would affect the output of IsItemXXX functions,
+        // we query every state in a single call to avoid storing them and to simplify the code.
+        ImGui::BulletText(
+            "Return value = %d\n"
+            "IsItemFocused() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemHovered() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemHovered(_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup) = %d\n"
+            "IsItemHovered(_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem) = %d\n"
+            "IsItemHovered(_AllowWhenOverlapped) = %d\n"
+            "IsItemHovered(_AllowWhenDisabled) = %d\n"
+            "IsItemHovered(_RectOnly) = %d\n"
+            "IsItemActive() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemEdited() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemActivated() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemDeactivated() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemVisible() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemClicked() = %d\n"
+            "IsItemToggledOpen() = %d\n"
+            "GetItemRectMin() = (%.1f, %.1f)\n"
+            "GetItemRectMax() = (%.1f, %.1f)\n"
+            "GetItemRectSize() = (%.1f, %.1f)",
+            ret,
+            ImGui::IsItemFocused(),
+            ImGui::IsItemHovered(),
+            ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup),
+            ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem),
+            ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenOverlapped),
+            ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenDisabled),
+            ImGui::IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RectOnly),
+            ImGui::IsItemActive(),
+            ImGui::IsItemEdited(),
+            ImGui::IsItemActivated(),
+            ImGui::IsItemDeactivated(),
+            ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit(),
+            ImGui::IsItemVisible(),
+            ImGui::IsItemClicked(),
+            ImGui::IsItemToggledOpen(),
+            ImGui::GetItemRectMin().x, ImGui::GetItemRectMin().y,
+            ImGui::GetItemRectMax().x, ImGui::GetItemRectMax().y,
+            ImGui::GetItemRectSize().x, ImGui::GetItemRectSize().y
+        );
+        ImGui::BulletText(
+            "w/ Hovering Delay: None = %d, Fast %d, Normal = %d", hovered_delay_none, hovered_delay_short, hovered_delay_normal);
+
+        if (item_disabled)
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+        char buf[1] = "";
+        ImGui::InputText("unused", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        HelpMarker("This widget is only here to be able to tab-out of the widgets above and see e.g. Deactivated() status.");
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Querying Window Status (Focused,Hovered etc.)");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Querying Window Status (Focused/Hovered etc.)"))
+    {
+        static bool embed_all_inside_a_child_window = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Embed everything inside a child window for testing _RootWindow flag.", &embed_all_inside_a_child_window);
+        if (embed_all_inside_a_child_window)
+            ImGui::BeginChild("outer_child", ImVec2(0, ImGui::GetFontSize() * 20.0f), true);
+
+        // Testing IsWindowFocused() function with its various flags.
+        ImGui::BulletText(
+            "IsWindowFocused() = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_ChildWindows) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_ChildWindows|_NoPopupHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_ChildWindows|_DockHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_ChildWindows|_RootWindow) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_ChildWindows|_RootWindow|_NoPopupHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_ChildWindows|_RootWindow|_DockHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_RootWindow) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_RootWindow|_NoPopupHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_RootWindow|_DockHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowFocused(_AnyWindow) = %d\n",
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiFocusedFlags_NoPopupHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiFocusedFlags_DockHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiFocusedFlags_NoPopupHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiFocusedFlags_DockHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiFocusedFlags_NoPopupHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiFocusedFlags_DockHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow));
+
+        // Testing IsWindowHovered() function with its various flags.
+        ImGui::BulletText(
+            "IsWindowHovered() = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_ChildWindows) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_ChildWindows|_NoPopupHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_ChildWindows|_DockHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_ChildWindows|_RootWindow) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_ChildWindows|_RootWindow|_NoPopupHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_ChildWindows|_RootWindow|_DockHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_RootWindow) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_RootWindow|_NoPopupHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_RootWindow|_DockHierarchy) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_ChildWindows|_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup) = %d\n"
+            "IsWindowHovered(_AnyWindow) = %d\n",
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoPopupHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiHoveredFlags_DockHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoPopupHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiHoveredFlags_DockHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiHoveredFlags_NoPopupHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootWindow | ImGuiHoveredFlags_DockHierarchy),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_ChildWindows | ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup),
+            ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AnyWindow));
+
+        ImGui::BeginChild("child", ImVec2(0, 50), true);
+        ImGui::Text("This is another child window for testing the _ChildWindows flag.");
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+        if (embed_all_inside_a_child_window)
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+
+        // Calling IsItemHovered() after begin returns the hovered status of the title bar.
+        // This is useful in particular if you want to create a context menu associated to the title bar of a window.
+        // This will also work when docked into a Tab (the Tab replace the Title Bar and guarantee the same properties).
+        static bool test_window = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Hovered/Active tests after Begin() for title bar testing", &test_window);
+        if (test_window)
+        {
+            // FIXME-DOCK: This window cannot be docked within the ImGui Demo window, this will cause a feedback loop and get them stuck.
+            // Could we fix this through an ImGuiWindowClass feature? Or an API call to tag our parent as "don't skip items"?
+            ImGui::Begin("Title bar Hovered/Active tests", &test_window);
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem()) // <-- This is using IsItemHovered()
+            {
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Close")) { test_window = false; }
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::Text(
+                "IsItemHovered() after begin = %d (== is title bar hovered)\n"
+                "IsItemActive() after begin = %d (== is window being clicked/moved)\n",
+                ImGui::IsItemHovered(), ImGui::IsItemActive());
+            ImGui::End();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Demonstrate BeginDisabled/EndDisabled using a checkbox located at the bottom of the section (which is a bit odd:
+    // logically we'd have this checkbox at the top of the section, but we don't want this feature to steal that space)
+    if (disable_all)
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Disable Block");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Disable block"))
+    {
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Disable entire section above", &disable_all);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Demonstrate using BeginDisabled()/EndDisabled() across this section.");
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Widgets/Text Filter");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Text Filter"))
+    {
+        // Helper class to easy setup a text filter.
+        // You may want to implement a more feature-full filtering scheme in your own application.
+        HelpMarker("Not a widget per-se, but ImGuiTextFilter is a helper to perform simple filtering on text strings.");
+        static ImGuiTextFilter filter;
+        ImGui::Text("Filter usage:\n"
+            "  \"\"         display all lines\n"
+            "  \"xxx\"      display lines containing \"xxx\"\n"
+            "  \"xxx,yyy\"  display lines containing \"xxx\" or \"yyy\"\n"
+            "  \"-xxx\"     hide lines containing \"xxx\"");
+        filter.Draw();
+        const char* lines[] = { "aaa1.c", "bbb1.c", "ccc1.c", "aaa2.cpp", "bbb2.cpp", "ccc2.cpp", "abc.h", "hello, world" };
+        for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(lines); i++)
+            if (filter.PassFilter(lines[i]))
+                ImGui::BulletText("%s", lines[i]);
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+}
+
+static void ShowDemoWindowLayout()
+{
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout");
+    if (!ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Layout & Scrolling"))
+        return;
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Child windows");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Child windows"))
+    {
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Child windows");
+
+        HelpMarker("Use child windows to begin into a self-contained independent scrolling/clipping regions within a host window.");
+        static bool disable_mouse_wheel = false;
+        static bool disable_menu = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Disable Mouse Wheel", &disable_mouse_wheel);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Disable Menu", &disable_menu);
+
+        // Child 1: no border, enable horizontal scrollbar
+        {
+            ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar;
+            if (disable_mouse_wheel)
+                window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse;
+            ImGui::BeginChild("ChildL", ImVec2(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x * 0.5f, 260), false, window_flags);
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+                ImGui::Text("%04d: scrollable region", i);
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+
+        // Child 2: rounded border
+        {
+            ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_None;
+            if (disable_mouse_wheel)
+                window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollWithMouse;
+            if (!disable_menu)
+                window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar;
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding, 5.0f);
+            ImGui::BeginChild("ChildR", ImVec2(0, 260), true, window_flags);
+            if (!disable_menu && ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+            {
+                if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Menu"))
+                {
+                    ShowExampleMenuFile();
+                    ImGui::EndMenu();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTable("split", 2, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings))
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+                {
+                    char buf[32];
+                    sprintf(buf, "%03d", i);
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Button(buf, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 0.0f));
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTable();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Misc/Advanced");
+
+        // Demonstrate a few extra things
+        // - Changing ImGuiCol_ChildBg (which is transparent black in default styles)
+        // - Using SetCursorPos() to position child window (the child window is an item from the POV of parent window)
+        //   You can also call SetNextWindowPos() to position the child window. The parent window will effectively
+        //   layout from this position.
+        // - Using ImGui::GetItemRectMin/Max() to query the "item" state (because the child window is an item from
+        //   the POV of the parent window). See 'Demo->Querying Status (Edited/Active/Hovered etc.)' for details.
+        {
+            static int offset_x = 0;
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 8);
+            ImGui::DragInt("Offset X", &offset_x, 1.0f, -1000, 1000);
+
+            ImGui::SetCursorPosX(ImGui::GetCursorPosX() + (float)offset_x);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ChildBg, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 100));
+            ImGui::BeginChild("Red", ImVec2(200, 100), true, ImGuiWindowFlags_None);
+            for (int n = 0; n < 50; n++)
+                ImGui::Text("Some test %d", n);
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+            bool child_is_hovered = ImGui::IsItemHovered();
+            ImVec2 child_rect_min = ImGui::GetItemRectMin();
+            ImVec2 child_rect_max = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            ImGui::Text("Hovered: %d", child_is_hovered);
+            ImGui::Text("Rect of child window is: (%.0f,%.0f) (%.0f,%.0f)", child_rect_min.x, child_rect_min.y, child_rect_max.x, child_rect_max.y);
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Widgets Width");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Widgets Width"))
+    {
+        static float f = 0.0f;
+        static bool show_indented_items = true;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Show indented items", &show_indented_items);
+
+        // Use SetNextItemWidth() to set the width of a single upcoming item.
+        // Use PushItemWidth()/PopItemWidth() to set the width of a group of items.
+        // In real code use you'll probably want to choose width values that are proportional to your font size
+        // e.g. Using '20.0f * GetFontSize()' as width instead of '200.0f', etc.
+
+        ImGui::Text("SetNextItemWidth/PushItemWidth(100)");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Fixed width.");
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(100);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("float##1b", &f);
+        if (show_indented_items)
+        {
+            ImGui::Indent();
+            ImGui::DragFloat("float (indented)##1b", &f);
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        ImGui::Text("SetNextItemWidth/PushItemWidth(-100)");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Align to right edge minus 100");
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(-100);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("float##2a", &f);
+        if (show_indented_items)
+        {
+            ImGui::Indent();
+            ImGui::DragFloat("float (indented)##2b", &f);
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        ImGui::Text("SetNextItemWidth/PushItemWidth(GetContentRegionAvail().x * 0.5f)");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Half of available width.\n(~ right-cursor_pos)\n(works within a column set)");
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x * 0.5f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("float##3a", &f);
+        if (show_indented_items)
+        {
+            ImGui::Indent();
+            ImGui::DragFloat("float (indented)##3b", &f);
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        ImGui::Text("SetNextItemWidth/PushItemWidth(-GetContentRegionAvail().x * 0.5f)");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Align to right edge minus half");
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(-ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x * 0.5f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("float##4a", &f);
+        if (show_indented_items)
+        {
+            ImGui::Indent();
+            ImGui::DragFloat("float (indented)##4b", &f);
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        // Demonstrate using PushItemWidth to surround three items.
+        // Calling SetNextItemWidth() before each of them would have the same effect.
+        ImGui::Text("SetNextItemWidth/PushItemWidth(-FLT_MIN)");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Align to right edge");
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(-FLT_MIN);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("##float5a", &f);
+        if (show_indented_items)
+        {
+            ImGui::Indent();
+            ImGui::DragFloat("float (indented)##5b", &f);
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Basic Horizontal Layout");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Basic Horizontal Layout"))
+    {
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("(Use ImGui::SameLine() to keep adding items to the right of the preceding item)");
+
+        // Text
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Basic Horizontal Layout/SameLine");
+        ImGui::Text("Two items: Hello"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1,1,0,1), "Sailor");
+
+        // Adjust spacing
+        ImGui::Text("More spacing: Hello"); ImGui::SameLine(0, 20);
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1,1,0,1), "Sailor");
+
+        // Button
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+        ImGui::Text("Normal buttons"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Button("Banana"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Button("Apple"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Button("Corniflower");
+
+        // Button
+        ImGui::Text("Small buttons"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SmallButton("Like this one"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text("can fit within a text block.");
+
+        // Aligned to arbitrary position. Easy/cheap column.
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Basic Horizontal Layout/SameLine (with offset)");
+        ImGui::Text("Aligned");
+        ImGui::SameLine(150); ImGui::Text("x=150");
+        ImGui::SameLine(300); ImGui::Text("x=300");
+        ImGui::Text("Aligned");
+        ImGui::SameLine(150); ImGui::SmallButton("x=150");
+        ImGui::SameLine(300); ImGui::SmallButton("x=300");
+
+        // Checkbox
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Basic Horizontal Layout/SameLine (more)");
+        static bool c1 = false, c2 = false, c3 = false, c4 = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("My", &c1); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Tailor", &c2); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Is", &c3); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Rich", &c4);
+
+        // Various
+        static float f0 = 1.0f, f1 = 2.0f, f2 = 3.0f;
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(80);
+        const char* items[] = { "AAAA", "BBBB", "CCCC", "DDDD" };
+        static int item = -1;
+        ImGui::Combo("Combo", &item, items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items)); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SliderFloat("X", &f0, 0.0f, 5.0f); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SliderFloat("Y", &f1, 0.0f, 5.0f); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SliderFloat("Z", &f2, 0.0f, 5.0f);
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(80);
+        ImGui::Text("Lists:");
+        static int selection[4] = { 0, 1, 2, 3 };
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        {
+            if (i > 0) ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::PushID(i);
+            ImGui::ListBox("", &selection[i], items, IM_ARRAYSIZE(items));
+            ImGui::PopID();
+            //if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) ImGui::SetTooltip("ListBox %d hovered", i);
+        }
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        // Dummy
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Basic Horizontal Layout/Dummy");
+        ImVec2 button_sz(40, 40);
+        ImGui::Button("A", button_sz); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Dummy(button_sz); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Button("B", button_sz);
+
+        // Manually wrapping
+        // (we should eventually provide this as an automatic layout feature, but for now you can do it manually)
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Basic Horizontal Layout/Manual wrapping");
+        ImGui::Text("Manual wrapping:");
+        ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+        int buttons_count = 20;
+        float window_visible_x2 = ImGui::GetWindowPos().x + ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().x;
+        for (int n = 0; n < buttons_count; n++)
+        {
+            ImGui::PushID(n);
+            ImGui::Button("Box", button_sz);
+            float last_button_x2 = ImGui::GetItemRectMax().x;
+            float next_button_x2 = last_button_x2 + style.ItemSpacing.x + button_sz.x; // Expected position if next button was on same line
+            if (n + 1 < buttons_count && next_button_x2 < window_visible_x2)
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Groups");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Groups"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker(
+            "BeginGroup() basically locks the horizontal position for new line. "
+            "EndGroup() bundles the whole group so that you can use \"item\" functions such as "
+            "IsItemHovered()/IsItemActive() or SameLine() etc. on the whole group.");
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            ImGui::BeginGroup();
+            ImGui::Button("AAA");
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("BBB");
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::BeginGroup();
+            ImGui::Button("CCC");
+            ImGui::Button("DDD");
+            ImGui::EndGroup();
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("EEE");
+            ImGui::EndGroup();
+            if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                ImGui::SetTooltip("First group hovered");
+        }
+        // Capture the group size and create widgets using the same size
+        ImVec2 size = ImGui::GetItemRectSize();
+        const float values[5] = { 0.5f, 0.20f, 0.80f, 0.60f, 0.25f };
+        ImGui::PlotHistogram("##values", values, IM_ARRAYSIZE(values), 0, NULL, 0.0f, 1.0f, size);
+
+        ImGui::Button("ACTION", ImVec2((size.x - ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.x) * 0.5f, size.y));
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Button("REACTION", ImVec2((size.x - ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.x) * 0.5f, size.y));
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+
+        ImGui::Button("LEVERAGE\nBUZZWORD", size);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginListBox("List", size))
+        {
+            ImGui::Selectable("Selected", true);
+            ImGui::Selectable("Not Selected", false);
+            ImGui::EndListBox();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Text Baseline Alignment");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Text Baseline Alignment"))
+    {
+        {
+            ImGui::BulletText("Text baseline:");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "This is testing the vertical alignment that gets applied on text to keep it aligned with widgets. "
+                "Lines only composed of text or \"small\" widgets use less vertical space than lines with framed widgets.");
+            ImGui::Indent();
+
+            ImGui::Text("KO Blahblah"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("Some framed item"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker("Baseline of button will look misaligned with text..");
+
+            // If your line starts with text, call AlignTextToFramePadding() to align text to upcoming widgets.
+            // (because we don't know what's coming after the Text() statement, we need to move the text baseline
+            // down by FramePadding.y ahead of time)
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::Text("OK Blahblah"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("Some framed item"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker("We call AlignTextToFramePadding() to vertically align the text baseline by +FramePadding.y");
+
+            // SmallButton() uses the same vertical padding as Text
+            ImGui::Button("TEST##1"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("TEST"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SmallButton("TEST##2");
+
+            // If your line starts with text, call AlignTextToFramePadding() to align text to upcoming widgets.
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::Text("Text aligned to framed item"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("Item##1"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Item"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SmallButton("Item##2"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("Item##3");
+
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        {
+            ImGui::BulletText("Multi-line text:");
+            ImGui::Indent();
+            ImGui::Text("One\nTwo\nThree"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Hello\nWorld"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Banana");
+
+            ImGui::Text("Banana"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Hello\nWorld"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("One\nTwo\nThree");
+
+            ImGui::Button("HOP##1"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Banana"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Hello\nWorld"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Banana");
+
+            ImGui::Button("HOP##2"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Hello\nWorld"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Text("Banana");
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        {
+            ImGui::BulletText("Misc items:");
+            ImGui::Indent();
+
+            // SmallButton() sets FramePadding to zero. Text baseline is aligned to match baseline of previous Button.
+            ImGui::Button("80x80", ImVec2(80, 80));
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("50x50", ImVec2(50, 50));
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Button("Button()");
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SmallButton("SmallButton()");
+
+            // Tree
+            const float spacing = ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+            ImGui::Button("Button##1");
+            ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, spacing);
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Node##1"))
+            {
+                // Placeholder tree data
+                for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+                    ImGui::BulletText("Item %d..", i);
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            // Vertically align text node a bit lower so it'll be vertically centered with upcoming widget.
+            // Otherwise you can use SmallButton() (smaller fit).
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+
+            // Common mistake to avoid: if we want to SameLine after TreeNode we need to do it before we add
+            // other contents below the node.
+            bool node_open = ImGui::TreeNode("Node##2");
+            ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, spacing); ImGui::Button("Button##2");
+            if (node_open)
+            {
+                // Placeholder tree data
+                for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+                    ImGui::BulletText("Item %d..", i);
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            // Bullet
+            ImGui::Button("Button##3");
+            ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, spacing);
+            ImGui::BulletText("Bullet text");
+
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::BulletText("Node");
+            ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, spacing); ImGui::Button("Button##4");
+            ImGui::Unindent();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Scrolling");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Scrolling"))
+    {
+        // Vertical scroll functions
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Scrolling/Vertical");
+        HelpMarker("Use SetScrollHereY() or SetScrollFromPosY() to scroll to a given vertical position.");
+
+        static int track_item = 50;
+        static bool enable_track = true;
+        static bool enable_extra_decorations = false;
+        static float scroll_to_off_px = 0.0f;
+        static float scroll_to_pos_px = 200.0f;
+
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Decoration", &enable_extra_decorations);
+
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Track", &enable_track);
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(100);
+        ImGui::SameLine(140); enable_track |= ImGui::DragInt("##item", &track_item, 0.25f, 0, 99, "Item = %d");
+
+        bool scroll_to_off = ImGui::Button("Scroll Offset");
+        ImGui::SameLine(140); scroll_to_off |= ImGui::DragFloat("##off", &scroll_to_off_px, 1.00f, 0, FLT_MAX, "+%.0f px");
+
+        bool scroll_to_pos = ImGui::Button("Scroll To Pos");
+        ImGui::SameLine(140); scroll_to_pos |= ImGui::DragFloat("##pos", &scroll_to_pos_px, 1.00f, -10, FLT_MAX, "X/Y = %.0f px");
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+        if (scroll_to_off || scroll_to_pos)
+            enable_track = false;
+
+        ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+        float child_w = (ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x - 4 * style.ItemSpacing.x) / 5;
+        if (child_w < 1.0f)
+            child_w = 1.0f;
+        ImGui::PushID("##VerticalScrolling");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+        {
+            if (i > 0) ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::BeginGroup();
+            const char* names[] = { "Top", "25%", "Center", "75%", "Bottom" };
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted(names[i]);
+
+            const ImGuiWindowFlags child_flags = enable_extra_decorations ? ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar : 0;
+            const ImGuiID child_id = ImGui::GetID((void*)(intptr_t)i);
+            const bool child_is_visible = ImGui::BeginChild(child_id, ImVec2(child_w, 200.0f), true, child_flags);
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+            {
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("abc");
+                ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+            }
+            if (scroll_to_off)
+                ImGui::SetScrollY(scroll_to_off_px);
+            if (scroll_to_pos)
+                ImGui::SetScrollFromPosY(ImGui::GetCursorStartPos().y + scroll_to_pos_px, i * 0.25f);
+            if (child_is_visible) // Avoid calling SetScrollHereY when running with culled items
+            {
+                for (int item = 0; item < 100; item++)
+                {
+                    if (enable_track && item == track_item)
+                    {
+                        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1, 1, 0, 1), "Item %d", item);
+                        ImGui::SetScrollHereY(i * 0.25f); // 0.0f:top, 0.5f:center, 1.0f:bottom
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("Item %d", item);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            float scroll_y = ImGui::GetScrollY();
+            float scroll_max_y = ImGui::GetScrollMaxY();
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+            ImGui::Text("%.0f/%.0f", scroll_y, scroll_max_y);
+            ImGui::EndGroup();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopID();
+
+        // Horizontal scroll functions
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Scrolling/Horizontal");
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Use SetScrollHereX() or SetScrollFromPosX() to scroll to a given horizontal position.\n\n"
+            "Because the clipping rectangle of most window hides half worth of WindowPadding on the "
+            "left/right, using SetScrollFromPosX(+1) will usually result in clipped text whereas the "
+            "equivalent SetScrollFromPosY(+1) wouldn't.");
+        ImGui::PushID("##HorizontalScrolling");
+        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
+        {
+            float child_height = ImGui::GetTextLineHeight() + style.ScrollbarSize + style.WindowPadding.y * 2.0f;
+            ImGuiWindowFlags child_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar | (enable_extra_decorations ? ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysVerticalScrollbar : 0);
+            ImGuiID child_id = ImGui::GetID((void*)(intptr_t)i);
+            bool child_is_visible = ImGui::BeginChild(child_id, ImVec2(-100, child_height), true, child_flags);
+            if (scroll_to_off)
+                ImGui::SetScrollX(scroll_to_off_px);
+            if (scroll_to_pos)
+                ImGui::SetScrollFromPosX(ImGui::GetCursorStartPos().x + scroll_to_pos_px, i * 0.25f);
+            if (child_is_visible) // Avoid calling SetScrollHereY when running with culled items
+            {
+                for (int item = 0; item < 100; item++)
+                {
+                    if (item > 0)
+                        ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (enable_track && item == track_item)
+                    {
+                        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1, 1, 0, 1), "Item %d", item);
+                        ImGui::SetScrollHereX(i * 0.25f); // 0.0f:left, 0.5f:center, 1.0f:right
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("Item %d", item);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            float scroll_x = ImGui::GetScrollX();
+            float scroll_max_x = ImGui::GetScrollMaxX();
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            const char* names[] = { "Left", "25%", "Center", "75%", "Right" };
+            ImGui::Text("%s\n%.0f/%.0f", names[i], scroll_x, scroll_max_x);
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopID();
+
+        // Miscellaneous Horizontal Scrolling Demo
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Scrolling/Horizontal (more)");
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Horizontal scrolling for a window is enabled via the ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar flag.\n\n"
+            "You may want to also explicitly specify content width by using SetNextWindowContentWidth() before Begin().");
+        static int lines = 7;
+        ImGui::SliderInt("Lines", &lines, 1, 15);
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FrameRounding, 3.0f);
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(2.0f, 1.0f));
+        ImVec2 scrolling_child_size = ImVec2(0, ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() * 7 + 30);
+        ImGui::BeginChild("scrolling", scrolling_child_size, true, ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar);
+        for (int line = 0; line < lines; line++)
+        {
+            // Display random stuff. For the sake of this trivial demo we are using basic Button() + SameLine()
+            // If you want to create your own time line for a real application you may be better off manipulating
+            // the cursor position yourself, aka using SetCursorPos/SetCursorScreenPos to position the widgets
+            // yourself. You may also want to use the lower-level ImDrawList API.
+            int num_buttons = 10 + ((line & 1) ? line * 9 : line * 3);
+            for (int n = 0; n < num_buttons; n++)
+            {
+                if (n > 0) ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::PushID(n + line * 1000);
+                char num_buf[16];
+                sprintf(num_buf, "%d", n);
+                const char* label = (!(n % 15)) ? "FizzBuzz" : (!(n % 3)) ? "Fizz" : (!(n % 5)) ? "Buzz" : num_buf;
+                float hue = n * 0.05f;
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.6f, 0.6f));
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.7f, 0.7f));
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonActive, (ImVec4)ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.8f, 0.8f));
+                ImGui::Button(label, ImVec2(40.0f + sinf((float)(line + n)) * 20.0f, 0.0f));
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor(3);
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+        }
+        float scroll_x = ImGui::GetScrollX();
+        float scroll_max_x = ImGui::GetScrollMaxX();
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar(2);
+        float scroll_x_delta = 0.0f;
+        ImGui::SmallButton("<<");
+        if (ImGui::IsItemActive())
+            scroll_x_delta = -ImGui::GetIO().DeltaTime * 1000.0f;
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text("Scroll from code"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SmallButton(">>");
+        if (ImGui::IsItemActive())
+            scroll_x_delta = +ImGui::GetIO().DeltaTime * 1000.0f;
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text("%.0f/%.0f", scroll_x, scroll_max_x);
+        if (scroll_x_delta != 0.0f)
+        {
+            // Demonstrate a trick: you can use Begin to set yourself in the context of another window
+            // (here we are already out of your child window)
+            ImGui::BeginChild("scrolling");
+            ImGui::SetScrollX(ImGui::GetScrollX() + scroll_x_delta);
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+        }
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        static bool show_horizontal_contents_size_demo_window = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Show Horizontal contents size demo window", &show_horizontal_contents_size_demo_window);
+
+        if (show_horizontal_contents_size_demo_window)
+        {
+            static bool show_h_scrollbar = true;
+            static bool show_button = true;
+            static bool show_tree_nodes = true;
+            static bool show_text_wrapped = false;
+            static bool show_columns = true;
+            static bool show_tab_bar = true;
+            static bool show_child = false;
+            static bool explicit_content_size = false;
+            static float contents_size_x = 300.0f;
+            if (explicit_content_size)
+                ImGui::SetNextWindowContentSize(ImVec2(contents_size_x, 0.0f));
+            ImGui::Begin("Horizontal contents size demo window", &show_horizontal_contents_size_demo_window, show_h_scrollbar ? ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar : 0);
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Scrolling/Horizontal contents size demo window");
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(2, 0));
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(2, 0));
+            HelpMarker("Test of different widgets react and impact the work rectangle growing when horizontal scrolling is enabled.\n\nUse 'Metrics->Tools->Show windows rectangles' to visualize rectangles.");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("H-scrollbar", &show_h_scrollbar);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Button", &show_button);            // Will grow contents size (unless explicitly overwritten)
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Tree nodes", &show_tree_nodes);    // Will grow contents size and display highlight over full width
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Text wrapped", &show_text_wrapped);// Will grow and use contents size
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Columns", &show_columns);          // Will use contents size
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Tab bar", &show_tab_bar);          // Will use contents size
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Child", &show_child);              // Will grow and use contents size
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Explicit content size", &explicit_content_size);
+            ImGui::Text("Scroll %.1f/%.1f %.1f/%.1f", ImGui::GetScrollX(), ImGui::GetScrollMaxX(), ImGui::GetScrollY(), ImGui::GetScrollMaxY());
+            if (explicit_content_size)
+            {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(100);
+                ImGui::DragFloat("##csx", &contents_size_x);
+                ImVec2 p = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilled(p, ImVec2(p.x + 10, p.y + 10), IM_COL32_WHITE);
+                ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(p.x + contents_size_x - 10, p.y), ImVec2(p.x + contents_size_x, p.y + 10), IM_COL32_WHITE);
+                ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(0, 10));
+            }
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar(2);
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            if (show_button)
+            {
+                ImGui::Button("this is a 300-wide button", ImVec2(300, 0));
+            }
+            if (show_tree_nodes)
+            {
+                bool open = true;
+                if (ImGui::TreeNode("this is a tree node"))
+                {
+                    if (ImGui::TreeNode("another one of those tree node..."))
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("Some tree contents");
+                        ImGui::TreePop();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::TreePop();
+                }
+                ImGui::CollapsingHeader("CollapsingHeader", &open);
+            }
+            if (show_text_wrapped)
+            {
+                ImGui::TextWrapped("This text should automatically wrap on the edge of the work rectangle.");
+            }
+            if (show_columns)
+            {
+                ImGui::Text("Tables:");
+                if (ImGui::BeginTable("table", 4, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders))
+                {
+                    for (int n = 0; n < 4; n++)
+                    {
+                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                        ImGui::Text("Width %.2f", ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndTable();
+                }
+                ImGui::Text("Columns:");
+                ImGui::Columns(4);
+                for (int n = 0; n < 4; n++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::Text("Width %.2f", ImGui::GetColumnWidth());
+                    ImGui::NextColumn();
+                }
+                ImGui::Columns(1);
+            }
+            if (show_tab_bar && ImGui::BeginTabBar("Hello"))
+            {
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("OneOneOne")) { ImGui::EndTabItem(); }
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("TwoTwoTwo")) { ImGui::EndTabItem(); }
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("ThreeThreeThree")) { ImGui::EndTabItem(); }
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("FourFourFour")) { ImGui::EndTabItem(); }
+                ImGui::EndTabBar();
+            }
+            if (show_child)
+            {
+                ImGui::BeginChild("child", ImVec2(0, 0), true);
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+            }
+            ImGui::End();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Layout/Clipping");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Clipping"))
+    {
+        static ImVec2 size(100.0f, 100.0f);
+        static ImVec2 offset(30.0f, 30.0f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat2("size", (float*)&size, 0.5f, 1.0f, 200.0f, "%.0f");
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("(Click and drag to scroll)");
+
+        HelpMarker(
+            "(Left) Using ImGui::PushClipRect():\n"
+            "Will alter ImGui hit-testing logic + ImDrawList rendering.\n"
+            "(use this if you want your clipping rectangle to affect interactions)\n\n"
+            "(Center) Using ImDrawList::PushClipRect():\n"
+            "Will alter ImDrawList rendering only.\n"
+            "(use this as a shortcut if you are only using ImDrawList calls)\n\n"
+            "(Right) Using ImDrawList::AddText() with a fine ClipRect:\n"
+            "Will alter only this specific ImDrawList::AddText() rendering.\n"
+            "This is often used internally to avoid altering the clipping rectangle and minimize draw calls.");
+
+        for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++)
+        {
+            if (n > 0)
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+
+            ImGui::PushID(n);
+            ImGui::InvisibleButton("##canvas", size);
+            if (ImGui::IsItemActive() && ImGui::IsMouseDragging(ImGuiMouseButton_Left))
+            {
+                offset.x += ImGui::GetIO().MouseDelta.x;
+                offset.y += ImGui::GetIO().MouseDelta.y;
+            }
+            ImGui::PopID();
+            if (!ImGui::IsItemVisible()) // Skip rendering as ImDrawList elements are not clipped.
+                continue;
+
+            const ImVec2 p0 = ImGui::GetItemRectMin();
+            const ImVec2 p1 = ImGui::GetItemRectMax();
+            const char* text_str = "Line 1 hello\nLine 2 clip me!";
+            const ImVec2 text_pos = ImVec2(p0.x + offset.x, p0.y + offset.y);
+            ImDrawList* draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+            switch (n)
+            {
+            case 0:
+                ImGui::PushClipRect(p0, p1, true);
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(p0, p1, IM_COL32(90, 90, 120, 255));
+                draw_list->AddText(text_pos, IM_COL32_WHITE, text_str);
+                ImGui::PopClipRect();
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                draw_list->PushClipRect(p0, p1, true);
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(p0, p1, IM_COL32(90, 90, 120, 255));
+                draw_list->AddText(text_pos, IM_COL32_WHITE, text_str);
+                draw_list->PopClipRect();
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                ImVec4 clip_rect(p0.x, p0.y, p1.x, p1.y); // AddText() takes a ImVec4* here so let's convert.
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(p0, p1, IM_COL32(90, 90, 120, 255));
+                draw_list->AddText(ImGui::GetFont(), ImGui::GetFontSize(), text_pos, IM_COL32_WHITE, text_str, NULL, 0.0f, &clip_rect);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+}
+
+static void ShowDemoWindowPopups()
+{
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Popups");
+    if (!ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Popups & Modal windows"))
+        return;
+
+    // The properties of popups windows are:
+    // - They block normal mouse hovering detection outside them. (*)
+    // - Unless modal, they can be closed by clicking anywhere outside them, or by pressing ESCAPE.
+    // - Their visibility state (~bool) is held internally by Dear ImGui instead of being held by the programmer as
+    //   we are used to with regular Begin() calls. User can manipulate the visibility state by calling OpenPopup().
+    // (*) One can use IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup) to bypass it and detect hovering even
+    //     when normally blocked by a popup.
+    // Those three properties are connected. The library needs to hold their visibility state BECAUSE it can close
+    // popups at any time.
+
+    // Typical use for regular windows:
+    //   bool my_tool_is_active = false; if (ImGui::Button("Open")) my_tool_is_active = true; [...] if (my_tool_is_active) Begin("My Tool", &my_tool_is_active) { [...] } End();
+    // Typical use for popups:
+    //   if (ImGui::Button("Open")) ImGui::OpenPopup("MyPopup"); if (ImGui::BeginPopup("MyPopup") { [...] EndPopup(); }
+
+    // With popups we have to go through a library call (here OpenPopup) to manipulate the visibility state.
+    // This may be a bit confusing at first but it should quickly make sense. Follow on the examples below.
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Popups/Popups");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Popups"))
+    {
+        ImGui::TextWrapped(
+            "When a popup is active, it inhibits interacting with windows that are behind the popup. "
+            "Clicking outside the popup closes it.");
+
+        static int selected_fish = -1;
+        const char* names[] = { "Bream", "Haddock", "Mackerel", "Pollock", "Tilefish" };
+        static bool toggles[] = { true, false, false, false, false };
+
+        // Simple selection popup (if you want to show the current selection inside the Button itself,
+        // you may want to build a string using the "###" operator to preserve a constant ID with a variable label)
+        if (ImGui::Button("Select.."))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("my_select_popup");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(selected_fish == -1 ? "<None>" : names[selected_fish]);
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopup("my_select_popup"))
+        {
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Aquarium");
+            for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(names); i++)
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(names[i]))
+                    selected_fish = i;
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        // Showing a menu with toggles
+        if (ImGui::Button("Toggle.."))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("my_toggle_popup");
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopup("my_toggle_popup"))
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(names); i++)
+                ImGui::MenuItem(names[i], "", &toggles[i]);
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Sub-menu"))
+            {
+                ImGui::MenuItem("Click me");
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("Tooltip here");
+            if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                ImGui::SetTooltip("I am a tooltip over a popup");
+
+            if (ImGui::Button("Stacked Popup"))
+                ImGui::OpenPopup("another popup");
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopup("another popup"))
+            {
+                for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(names); i++)
+                    ImGui::MenuItem(names[i], "", &toggles[i]);
+                if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Sub-menu"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::MenuItem("Click me");
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Stacked Popup"))
+                        ImGui::OpenPopup("another popup");
+                    if (ImGui::BeginPopup("another popup"))
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("I am the last one here.");
+                        ImGui::EndPopup();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndMenu();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        // Call the more complete ShowExampleMenuFile which we use in various places of this demo
+        if (ImGui::Button("With a menu.."))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("my_file_popup");
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopup("my_file_popup", ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar))
+        {
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+            {
+                if (ImGui::BeginMenu("File"))
+                {
+                    ShowExampleMenuFile();
+                    ImGui::EndMenu();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Edit"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::MenuItem("Dummy");
+                    ImGui::EndMenu();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+            }
+            ImGui::Text("Hello from popup!");
+            ImGui::Button("This is a dummy button..");
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Popups/Context menus");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Context menus"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker("\"Context\" functions are simple helpers to associate a Popup to a given Item or Window identifier.");
+
+        // BeginPopupContextItem() is a helper to provide common/simple popup behavior of essentially doing:
+        //     if (id == 0)
+        //         id = GetItemID(); // Use last item id
+        //     if (IsItemHovered() && IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton_Right))
+        //         OpenPopup(id);
+        //     return BeginPopup(id);
+        // For advanced uses you may want to replicate and customize this code.
+        // See more details in BeginPopupContextItem().
+
+        // Example 1
+        // When used after an item that has an ID (e.g. Button), we can skip providing an ID to BeginPopupContextItem(),
+        // and BeginPopupContextItem() will use the last item ID as the popup ID.
+        {
+            const char* names[5] = { "Label1", "Label2", "Label3", "Label4", "Label5" };
+            static int selected = -1;
+            for (int n = 0; n < 5; n++)
+            {
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(names[n], selected == n))
+                    selected = n;
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem()) // <-- use last item id as popup id
+                {
+                    selected = n;
+                    ImGui::Text("This a popup for \"%s\"!", names[n]);
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Close"))
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                    ImGui::SetTooltip("Right-click to open popup");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Example 2
+        // Popup on a Text() element which doesn't have an identifier: we need to provide an identifier to BeginPopupContextItem().
+        // Using an explicit identifier is also convenient if you want to activate the popups from different locations.
+        {
+            HelpMarker("Text() elements don't have stable identifiers so we need to provide one.");
+            static float value = 0.5f;
+            ImGui::Text("Value = %.3f <-- (1) right-click this text", value);
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem("my popup"))
+            {
+                if (ImGui::Selectable("Set to zero")) value = 0.0f;
+                if (ImGui::Selectable("Set to PI")) value = 3.1415f;
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN);
+                ImGui::DragFloat("##Value", &value, 0.1f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+
+            // We can also use OpenPopupOnItemClick() to toggle the visibility of a given popup.
+            // Here we make it that right-clicking this other text element opens the same popup as above.
+            // The popup itself will be submitted by the code above.
+            ImGui::Text("(2) Or right-click this text");
+            ImGui::OpenPopupOnItemClick("my popup", ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+
+            // Back to square one: manually open the same popup.
+            if (ImGui::Button("(3) Or click this button"))
+                ImGui::OpenPopup("my popup");
+        }
+
+        // Example 3
+        // When using BeginPopupContextItem() with an implicit identifier (NULL == use last item ID),
+        // we need to make sure your item identifier is stable.
+        // In this example we showcase altering the item label while preserving its identifier, using the ### operator (see FAQ).
+        {
+            HelpMarker("Showcase using a popup ID linked to item ID, with the item having a changing label + stable ID using the ### operator.");
+            static char name[32] = "Label1";
+            char buf[64];
+            sprintf(buf, "Button: %s###Button", name); // ### operator override ID ignoring the preceding label
+            ImGui::Button(buf);
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem())
+            {
+                ImGui::Text("Edit name:");
+                ImGui::InputText("##edit", name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(name));
+                if (ImGui::Button("Close"))
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::Text("(<-- right-click here)");
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Popups/Modals");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Modals"))
+    {
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("Modal windows are like popups but the user cannot close them by clicking outside.");
+
+        if (ImGui::Button("Delete.."))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Delete?");
+
+        // Always center this window when appearing
+        ImVec2 center = ImGui::GetMainViewport()->GetCenter();
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(center, ImGuiCond_Appearing, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Delete?", NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
+        {
+            ImGui::Text("All those beautiful files will be deleted.\nThis operation cannot be undone!");
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            //static int unused_i = 0;
+            //ImGui::Combo("Combo", &unused_i, "Delete\0Delete harder\0");
+
+            static bool dont_ask_me_next_time = false;
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(0, 0));
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Don't ask me next time", &dont_ask_me_next_time);
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+
+            if (ImGui::Button("OK", ImVec2(120, 0))) { ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup(); }
+            ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Cancel", ImVec2(120, 0))) { ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup(); }
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        if (ImGui::Button("Stacked modals.."))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Stacked 1");
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Stacked 1", NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar))
+        {
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+            {
+                if (ImGui::BeginMenu("File"))
+                {
+                    if (ImGui::MenuItem("Some menu item")) {}
+                    ImGui::EndMenu();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+            }
+            ImGui::Text("Hello from Stacked The First\nUsing style.Colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg] behind it.");
+
+            // Testing behavior of widgets stacking their own regular popups over the modal.
+            static int item = 1;
+            static float color[4] = { 0.4f, 0.7f, 0.0f, 0.5f };
+            ImGui::Combo("Combo", &item, "aaaa\0bbbb\0cccc\0dddd\0eeee\0\0");
+            ImGui::ColorEdit4("color", color);
+
+            if (ImGui::Button("Add another modal.."))
+                ImGui::OpenPopup("Stacked 2");
+
+            // Also demonstrate passing a bool* to BeginPopupModal(), this will create a regular close button which
+            // will close the popup. Note that the visibility state of popups is owned by imgui, so the input value
+            // of the bool actually doesn't matter here.
+            bool unused_open = true;
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Stacked 2", &unused_open))
+            {
+                ImGui::Text("Hello from Stacked The Second!");
+                if (ImGui::Button("Close"))
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+
+            if (ImGui::Button("Close"))
+                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Popups/Menus inside a regular window");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Menus inside a regular window"))
+    {
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("Below we are testing adding menu items to a regular window. It's rather unusual but should work!");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Menu item", "CTRL+M");
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Menu inside a regular window"))
+        {
+            ShowExampleMenuFile();
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+}
+
+// Dummy data structure that we use for the Table demo.
+// (pre-C++11 doesn't allow us to instantiate ImVector<MyItem> template if this structure is defined inside the demo function)
+namespace
+{
+// We are passing our own identifier to TableSetupColumn() to facilitate identifying columns in the sorting code.
+// This identifier will be passed down into ImGuiTableSortSpec::ColumnUserID.
+// But it is possible to omit the user id parameter of TableSetupColumn() and just use the column index instead! (ImGuiTableSortSpec::ColumnIndex)
+// If you don't use sorting, you will generally never care about giving column an ID!
+enum MyItemColumnID
+{
+    MyItemColumnID_ID,
+    MyItemColumnID_Name,
+    MyItemColumnID_Action,
+    MyItemColumnID_Quantity,
+    MyItemColumnID_Description
+};
+
+struct MyItem
+{
+    int         ID;
+    const char* Name;
+    int         Quantity;
+
+    // We have a problem which is affecting _only this demo_ and should not affect your code:
+    // As we don't rely on std:: or other third-party library to compile dear imgui, we only have reliable access to qsort(),
+    // however qsort doesn't allow passing user data to comparing function.
+    // As a workaround, we are storing the sort specs in a static/global for the comparing function to access.
+    // In your own use case you would probably pass the sort specs to your sorting/comparing functions directly and not use a global.
+    // We could technically call ImGui::TableGetSortSpecs() in CompareWithSortSpecs(), but considering that this function is called
+    // very often by the sorting algorithm it would be a little wasteful.
+    static const ImGuiTableSortSpecs* s_current_sort_specs;
+
+    // Compare function to be used by qsort()
+    static int IMGUI_CDECL CompareWithSortSpecs(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+    {
+        const MyItem* a = (const MyItem*)lhs;
+        const MyItem* b = (const MyItem*)rhs;
+        for (int n = 0; n < s_current_sort_specs->SpecsCount; n++)
+        {
+            // Here we identify columns using the ColumnUserID value that we ourselves passed to TableSetupColumn()
+            // We could also choose to identify columns based on their index (sort_spec->ColumnIndex), which is simpler!
+            const ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs* sort_spec = &s_current_sort_specs->Specs[n];
+            int delta = 0;
+            switch (sort_spec->ColumnUserID)
+            {
+            case MyItemColumnID_ID:             delta = (a->ID - b->ID);                break;
+            case MyItemColumnID_Name:           delta = (strcmp(a->Name, b->Name));     break;
+            case MyItemColumnID_Quantity:       delta = (a->Quantity - b->Quantity);    break;
+            case MyItemColumnID_Description:    delta = (strcmp(a->Name, b->Name));     break;
+            default: IM_ASSERT(0); break;
+            }
+            if (delta > 0)
+                return (sort_spec->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending) ? +1 : -1;
+            if (delta < 0)
+                return (sort_spec->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending) ? -1 : +1;
+        }
+
+        // qsort() is instable so always return a way to differenciate items.
+        // Your own compare function may want to avoid fallback on implicit sort specs e.g. a Name compare if it wasn't already part of the sort specs.
+        return (a->ID - b->ID);
+    }
+};
+const ImGuiTableSortSpecs* MyItem::s_current_sort_specs = NULL;
+}
+
+// Make the UI compact because there are so many fields
+static void PushStyleCompact()
+{
+    ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(style.FramePadding.x, (float)(int)(style.FramePadding.y * 0.60f)));
+    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(style.ItemSpacing.x, (float)(int)(style.ItemSpacing.y * 0.60f)));
+}
+
+static void PopStyleCompact()
+{
+    ImGui::PopStyleVar(2);
+}
+
+// Show a combo box with a choice of sizing policies
+static void EditTableSizingFlags(ImGuiTableFlags* p_flags)
+{
+    struct EnumDesc { ImGuiTableFlags Value; const char* Name; const char* Tooltip; };
+    static const EnumDesc policies[] =
+    {
+        { ImGuiTableFlags_None,               "Default",                            "Use default sizing policy:\n- ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit if ScrollX is on or if host window has ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize.\n- ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame otherwise." },
+        { ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit,     "ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit",     "Columns default to _WidthFixed (if resizable) or _WidthAuto (if not resizable), matching contents width." },
+        { ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame,    "ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame",    "Columns are all the same width, matching the maximum contents width.\nImplicitly disable ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable and enable ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible." },
+        { ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp,  "ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp",  "Columns default to _WidthStretch with weights proportional to their widths." },
+        { ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame,  "ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame",  "Columns default to _WidthStretch with same weights." }
+    };
+    int idx;
+    for (idx = 0; idx < IM_ARRAYSIZE(policies); idx++)
+        if (policies[idx].Value == (*p_flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_))
+            break;
+    const char* preview_text = (idx < IM_ARRAYSIZE(policies)) ? policies[idx].Name + (idx > 0 ? strlen("ImGuiTableFlags") : 0) : "";
+    if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Sizing Policy", preview_text))
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(policies); n++)
+            if (ImGui::Selectable(policies[n].Name, idx == n))
+                *p_flags = (*p_flags & ~ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) | policies[n].Value;
+        ImGui::EndCombo();
+    }
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    ImGui::TextDisabled("(?)");
+    if (ImGui::IsItemHovered() && ImGui::BeginTooltip())
+    {
+        ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 50.0f);
+        for (int m = 0; m < IM_ARRAYSIZE(policies); m++)
+        {
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("%s:", policies[m].Name);
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::SetCursorPosX(ImGui::GetCursorPosX() + ImGui::GetStyle().IndentSpacing * 0.5f);
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted(policies[m].Tooltip);
+        }
+        ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+        ImGui::EndTooltip();
+    }
+}
+
+static void EditTableColumnsFlags(ImGuiTableColumnFlags* p_flags)
+{
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_Disabled", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_Disabled); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Master disable flag (also hide from context menu)");
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_DefaultHide", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_DefaultSort", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort);
+    if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_WidthStretch", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch))
+        *p_flags &= ~(ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthMask_ ^ ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch);
+    if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_WidthFixed", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed))
+        *p_flags &= ~(ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthMask_ ^ ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoResize", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoReorder", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoReorder);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoHide", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHide);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoClip", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoClip);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoSort", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoSortAscending", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortAscending);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoSortDescending", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortDescending);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoHeaderLabel", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHeaderLabel);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_NoHeaderWidth", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHeaderWidth);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_PreferSortAscending", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortAscending);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_PreferSortDescending", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_IndentEnable", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentEnable); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Default for column 0");
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_IndentDisable", p_flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentDisable); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Default for column >0");
+}
+
+static void ShowTableColumnsStatusFlags(ImGuiTableColumnFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_IsEnabled", &flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsEnabled);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_IsVisible", &flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsVisible);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_IsSorted", &flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsSorted);
+    ImGui::CheckboxFlags("_IsHovered", &flags, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered);
+}
+
+static void ShowDemoWindowTables()
+{
+    //ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables");
+    if (!ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Tables & Columns"))
+        return;
+
+    // Using those as a base value to create width/height that are factor of the size of our font
+    const float TEXT_BASE_WIDTH = ImGui::CalcTextSize("A").x;
+    const float TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT = ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing();
+
+    ImGui::PushID("Tables");
+
+    int open_action = -1;
+    if (ImGui::Button("Open all"))
+        open_action = 1;
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    if (ImGui::Button("Close all"))
+        open_action = 0;
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+
+    // Options
+    static bool disable_indent = false;
+    ImGui::Checkbox("Disable tree indentation", &disable_indent);
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    HelpMarker("Disable the indenting of tree nodes so demo tables can use the full window width.");
+    ImGui::Separator();
+    if (disable_indent)
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_IndentSpacing, 0.0f);
+
+    // About Styling of tables
+    // Most settings are configured on a per-table basis via the flags passed to BeginTable() and TableSetupColumns APIs.
+    // There are however a few settings that a shared and part of the ImGuiStyle structure:
+    //   style.CellPadding                          // Padding within each cell
+    //   style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]       // Table header background
+    //   style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]   // Table outer and header borders
+    //   style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]    // Table inner borders
+    //   style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]          // Table row background when ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg is enabled (even rows)
+    //   style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]       // Table row background when ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg is enabled (odds rows)
+
+    // Demos
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Basic");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Basic"))
+    {
+        // Here we will showcase three different ways to output a table.
+        // They are very simple variations of a same thing!
+
+        // [Method 1] Using TableNextRow() to create a new row, and TableSetColumnIndex() to select the column.
+        // In many situations, this is the most flexible and easy to use pattern.
+        HelpMarker("Using TableNextRow() + calling TableSetColumnIndex() _before_ each cell, in a loop.");
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("Row %d Column %d", row, column);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        // [Method 2] Using TableNextColumn() called multiple times, instead of using a for loop + TableSetColumnIndex().
+        // This is generally more convenient when you have code manually submitting the contents of each column.
+        HelpMarker("Using TableNextRow() + calling TableNextColumn() _before_ each cell, manually.");
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", 3))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("Row %d", row);
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("Some contents");
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("123.456");
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        // [Method 3] We call TableNextColumn() _before_ each cell. We never call TableNextRow(),
+        // as TableNextColumn() will automatically wrap around and create new rows as needed.
+        // This is generally more convenient when your cells all contains the same type of data.
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Only using TableNextColumn(), which tends to be convenient for tables where every cell contains the same type of contents.\n"
+            "This is also more similar to the old NextColumn() function of the Columns API, and provided to facilitate the Columns->Tables API transition.");
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table3", 3))
+        {
+            for (int item = 0; item < 14; item++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("Item %d", item);
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Borders, background");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Borders, background"))
+    {
+        // Expose a few Borders related flags interactively
+        enum ContentsType { CT_Text, CT_FillButton };
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg;
+        static bool display_headers = false;
+        static int contents_type = CT_Text;
+
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Borders", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("ImGuiTableFlags_Borders\n = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV\n | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV\n | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV\n | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH");
+        ImGui::Indent();
+
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersH", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersH);
+        ImGui::Indent();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH);
+        ImGui::Unindent();
+
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV);
+        ImGui::Indent();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV);
+        ImGui::Unindent();
+
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInner", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInner);
+        ImGui::Unindent();
+
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding(); ImGui::Text("Cell contents:");
+        ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::RadioButton("Text", &contents_type, CT_Text);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::RadioButton("FillButton", &contents_type, CT_FillButton);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Display headers", &display_headers);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable vertical borders in columns Body (borders will always appear in Headers");
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, flags))
+        {
+            // Display headers so we can inspect their interaction with borders.
+            // (Headers are not the main purpose of this section of the demo, so we are not elaborating on them too much. See other sections for details)
+            if (display_headers)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+                ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            }
+
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    char buf[32];
+                    sprintf(buf, "Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                    if (contents_type == CT_Text)
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(buf);
+                    else if (contents_type == CT_FillButton)
+                        ImGui::Button(buf, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 0.0f));
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Resizable, stretch");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Resizable, stretch"))
+    {
+        // By default, if we don't enable ScrollX the sizing policy for each column is "Stretch"
+        // All columns maintain a sizing weight, and they will occupy all available width.
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV | ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Using the _Resizable flag automatically enables the _BordersInnerV flag as well, this is why the resize borders are still showing when unchecking this.");
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, flags))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Resizable, fixed");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Resizable, fixed"))
+    {
+        // Here we use ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit (even though _ScrollX is not set)
+        // So columns will adopt the "Fixed" policy and will maintain a fixed width regardless of the whole available width (unless table is small)
+        // If there is not enough available width to fit all columns, they will however be resized down.
+        // FIXME-TABLE: Providing a stretch-on-init would make sense especially for tables which don't have saved settings
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Using _Resizable + _SizingFixedFit flags.\n"
+            "Fixed-width columns generally makes more sense if you want to use horizontal scrolling.\n\n"
+            "Double-click a column border to auto-fit the column to its contents.");
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV | ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody;
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, flags))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Resizable, mixed");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Resizable, mixed"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Using TableSetupColumn() to alter resizing policy on a per-column basis.\n\n"
+            "When combining Fixed and Stretch columns, generally you only want one, maybe two trailing columns to use _WidthStretch.");
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable;
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, flags))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("AAA", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("BBB", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("CCC", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch);
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("%s %d,%d", (column == 2) ? "Stretch" : "Fixed", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", 6, flags))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("AAA", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("BBB", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("CCC", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("DDD", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("EEE", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("FFF", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide);
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 6; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("%s %d,%d", (column >= 3) ? "Stretch" : "Fixed", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Reorderable, hideable, with headers");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Reorderable, hideable, with headers"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Click and drag column headers to reorder columns.\n\n"
+            "Right-click on a header to open a context menu.");
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable vertical borders in columns Body until hovered for resize (borders will always appear in Headers)");
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, flags))
+        {
+            // Submit columns name with TableSetupColumn() and call TableHeadersRow() to create a row with a header in each column.
+            // (Later we will show how TableSetupColumn() has other uses, optional flags, sizing weight etc.)
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int row = 0; row < 6; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        // Use outer_size.x == 0.0f instead of default to make the table as tight as possible (only valid when no scrolling and no stretch column)
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", 3, flags | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f)))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int row = 0; row < 6; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("Fixed %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Padding");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Padding"))
+    {
+        // First example: showcase use of padding flags and effect of BorderOuterV/BorderInnerV on X padding.
+        // We don't expose BorderOuterH/BorderInnerH here because they have no effect on X padding.
+        HelpMarker(
+            "We often want outer padding activated when any using features which makes the edges of a column visible:\n"
+            "e.g.:\n"
+            "- BorderOuterV\n"
+            "- any form of row selection\n"
+            "Because of this, activating BorderOuterV sets the default to PadOuterX. Using PadOuterX or NoPadOuterX you can override the default.\n\n"
+            "Actual padding values are using style.CellPadding.\n\n"
+            "In this demo we don't show horizontal borders to emphasize how they don't affect default horizontal padding.");
+
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags1 = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_PadOuterX", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_PadOuterX);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Enable outer-most padding (default if ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV is set)");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadOuterX", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadOuterX);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable outer-most padding (default if ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV is not set)");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadInnerX", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadInnerX);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable inner padding between columns (double inner padding if BordersOuterV is on, single inner padding if BordersOuterV is off)");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV);
+        static bool show_headers = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("show_headers", &show_headers);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_padding", 3, flags1))
+        {
+            if (show_headers)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+                ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            }
+
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    if (row == 0)
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("Avail %.2f", ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        char buf[32];
+                        sprintf(buf, "Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                        ImGui::Button(buf, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 0.0f));
+                    }
+                    //if (ImGui::TableGetColumnFlags() & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered)
+                    //    ImGui::TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg, IM_COL32(0, 100, 0, 255));
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        // Second example: set style.CellPadding to (0.0) or a custom value.
+        // FIXME-TABLE: Vertical border effectively not displayed the same way as horizontal one...
+        HelpMarker("Setting style.CellPadding to (0,0) or a custom value.");
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags2 = ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg;
+        static ImVec2 cell_padding(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        static bool show_widget_frame_bg = true;
+
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Borders", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersH", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersH);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInner", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInner);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("show_widget_frame_bg", &show_widget_frame_bg);
+        ImGui::SliderFloat2("CellPadding", &cell_padding.x, 0.0f, 10.0f, "%.0f");
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_CellPadding, cell_padding);
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_padding_2", 3, flags2))
+        {
+            static char text_bufs[3 * 5][16]; // Mini text storage for 3x5 cells
+            static bool init = true;
+            if (!show_widget_frame_bg)
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_FrameBg, 0);
+            for (int cell = 0; cell < 3 * 5; cell++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                if (init)
+                    strcpy(text_bufs[cell], "edit me");
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN);
+                ImGui::PushID(cell);
+                ImGui::InputText("##cell", text_bufs[cell], IM_ARRAYSIZE(text_bufs[cell]));
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            if (!show_widget_frame_bg)
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            init = false;
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Explicit widths");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Sizing policies"))
+    {
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags1 = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        static ImGuiTableFlags sizing_policy_flags[4] = { ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit, ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame, ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp, ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame };
+        for (int table_n = 0; table_n < 4; table_n++)
+        {
+            ImGui::PushID(table_n);
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 30);
+            EditTableSizingFlags(&sizing_policy_flags[table_n]);
+
+            // To make it easier to understand the different sizing policy,
+            // For each policy: we display one table where the columns have equal contents width, and one where the columns have different contents width.
+            if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, sizing_policy_flags[table_n] | flags1))
+            {
+                for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("Oh dear");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("Oh dear");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("Oh dear");
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTable();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", 3, sizing_policy_flags[table_n] | flags1))
+            {
+                for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("AAAA");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("BBBBBBBB");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("CCCCCCCCCCCC");
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTable();
+            }
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("Advanced");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        HelpMarker("This section allows you to interact and see the effect of various sizing policies depending on whether Scroll is enabled and the contents of your columns.");
+
+        enum ContentsType { CT_ShowWidth, CT_ShortText, CT_LongText, CT_Button, CT_FillButton, CT_InputText };
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable;
+        static int contents_type = CT_ShowWidth;
+        static int column_count = 3;
+
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::PushID("Advanced");
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 30);
+        EditTableSizingFlags(&flags);
+        ImGui::Combo("Contents", &contents_type, "Show width\0Short Text\0Long Text\0Button\0Fill Button\0InputText\0");
+        if (contents_type == CT_FillButton)
+        {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker("Be mindful that using right-alignment (e.g. size.x = -FLT_MIN) creates a feedback loop where contents width can feed into auto-column width can feed into contents width.");
+        }
+        ImGui::DragInt("Columns", &column_count, 0.1f, 1, 64, "%d", ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_PreciseWidths", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_PreciseWidths);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable distributing remainder width to stretched columns (width allocation on a 100-wide table with 3 columns: Without this flag: 33,33,34. With this flag: 33,33,33). With larger number of columns, resizing will appear to be less smooth.");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip);
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+        ImGui::PopID();
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", column_count, flags, ImVec2(0.0f, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 7)))
+        {
+            for (int cell = 0; cell < 10 * column_count; cell++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                int column = ImGui::TableGetColumnIndex();
+                int row = ImGui::TableGetRowIndex();
+
+                ImGui::PushID(cell);
+                char label[32];
+                static char text_buf[32] = "";
+                sprintf(label, "Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                switch (contents_type)
+                {
+                case CT_ShortText:  ImGui::TextUnformatted(label); break;
+                case CT_LongText:   ImGui::Text("Some %s text %d,%d\nOver two lines..", column == 0 ? "long" : "longeeer", column, row); break;
+                case CT_ShowWidth:  ImGui::Text("W: %.1f", ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x); break;
+                case CT_Button:     ImGui::Button(label); break;
+                case CT_FillButton: ImGui::Button(label, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 0.0f)); break;
+                case CT_InputText:  ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN); ImGui::InputText("##", text_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(text_buf)); break;
+                }
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Vertical scrolling, with clipping");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Vertical scrolling, with clipping"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker("Here we activate ScrollY, which will create a child window container to allow hosting scrollable contents.\n\nWe also demonstrate using ImGuiListClipper to virtualize the submission of many items.");
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable;
+
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        // When using ScrollX or ScrollY we need to specify a size for our table container!
+        // Otherwise by default the table will fit all available space, like a BeginChild() call.
+        ImVec2 outer_size = ImVec2(0.0f, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 8);
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_scrolly", 3, flags, outer_size))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupScrollFreeze(0, 1); // Make top row always visible
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None);
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+            // Demonstrate using clipper for large vertical lists
+            ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+            clipper.Begin(1000);
+            while (clipper.Step())
+            {
+                for (int row = clipper.DisplayStart; row < clipper.DisplayEnd; row++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                    {
+                        ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                        ImGui::Text("Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Horizontal scrolling");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Horizontal scrolling"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker(
+            "When ScrollX is enabled, the default sizing policy becomes ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit, "
+            "as automatically stretching columns doesn't make much sense with horizontal scrolling.\n\n"
+            "Also note that as of the current version, you will almost always want to enable ScrollY along with ScrollX,"
+            "because the container window won't automatically extend vertically to fix contents (this may be improved in future versions).");
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable;
+        static int freeze_cols = 1;
+        static int freeze_rows = 1;
+
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY);
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+        ImGui::DragInt("freeze_cols", &freeze_cols, 0.2f, 0, 9, NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput);
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+        ImGui::DragInt("freeze_rows", &freeze_rows, 0.2f, 0, 9, NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        // When using ScrollX or ScrollY we need to specify a size for our table container!
+        // Otherwise by default the table will fit all available space, like a BeginChild() call.
+        ImVec2 outer_size = ImVec2(0.0f, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 8);
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_scrollx", 7, flags, outer_size))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupScrollFreeze(freeze_cols, freeze_rows);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Line #", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHide); // Make the first column not hideable to match our use of TableSetupScrollFreeze()
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Four");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Five");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Six");
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int row = 0; row < 20; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 7; column++)
+                {
+                    // Both TableNextColumn() and TableSetColumnIndex() return true when a column is visible or performing width measurement.
+                    // Because here we know that:
+                    // - A) all our columns are contributing the same to row height
+                    // - B) column 0 is always visible,
+                    // We only always submit this one column and can skip others.
+                    // More advanced per-column clipping behaviors may benefit from polling the status flags via TableGetColumnFlags().
+                    if (!ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column) && column > 0)
+                        continue;
+                    if (column == 0)
+                        ImGui::Text("Line %d", row);
+                    else
+                        ImGui::Text("Hello world %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("Stretch + ScrollX");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Showcase using Stretch columns + ScrollX together: "
+            "this is rather unusual and only makes sense when specifying an 'inner_width' for the table!\n"
+            "Without an explicit value, inner_width is == outer_size.x and therefore using Stretch columns + ScrollX together doesn't make sense.");
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags2 = ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody;
+        static float inner_width = 1000.0f;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::PushID("flags3");
+        ImGui::PushItemWidth(TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 30);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("inner_width", &inner_width, 1.0f, 0.0f, FLT_MAX, "%.1f");
+        ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+        ImGui::PopID();
+        PopStyleCompact();
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", 7, flags2, outer_size, inner_width))
+        {
+            for (int cell = 0; cell < 20 * 7; cell++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("Hello world %d,%d", ImGui::TableGetColumnIndex(), ImGui::TableGetRowIndex());
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Columns flags");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Columns flags"))
+    {
+        // Create a first table just to show all the options/flags we want to make visible in our example!
+        const int column_count = 3;
+        const char* column_names[column_count] = { "One", "Two", "Three" };
+        static ImGuiTableColumnFlags column_flags[column_count] = { ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide };
+        static ImGuiTableColumnFlags column_flags_out[column_count] = { 0, 0, 0 }; // Output from TableGetColumnFlags()
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_columns_flags_checkboxes", column_count, ImGuiTableFlags_None))
+        {
+            PushStyleCompact();
+            for (int column = 0; column < column_count; column++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::PushID(column);
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding(); // FIXME-TABLE: Workaround for wrong text baseline propagation across columns
+                ImGui::Text("'%s'", column_names[column]);
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImGui::Text("Input flags:");
+                EditTableColumnsFlags(&column_flags[column]);
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImGui::Text("Output flags:");
+                ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+                ShowTableColumnsStatusFlags(column_flags_out[column]);
+                ImGui::EndDisabled();
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            PopStyleCompact();
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        // Create the real table we care about for the example!
+        // We use a scrolling table to be able to showcase the difference between the _IsEnabled and _IsVisible flags above, otherwise in
+        // a non-scrolling table columns are always visible (unless using ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible + resizing the parent window down)
+        const ImGuiTableFlags flags
+            = ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable | ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable;
+        ImVec2 outer_size = ImVec2(0.0f, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 9);
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_columns_flags", column_count, flags, outer_size))
+        {
+            for (int column = 0; column < column_count; column++)
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn(column_names[column], column_flags[column]);
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int column = 0; column < column_count; column++)
+                column_flags_out[column] = ImGui::TableGetColumnFlags(column);
+            float indent_step = (float)((int)TEXT_BASE_WIDTH / 2);
+            for (int row = 0; row < 8; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::Indent(indent_step); // Add some indentation to demonstrate usage of per-column IndentEnable/IndentDisable flags.
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < column_count; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("%s %s", (column == 0) ? "Indented" : "Hello", ImGui::TableGetColumnName(column));
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::Unindent(indent_step * 8.0f);
+
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Columns widths");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Columns widths"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker("Using TableSetupColumn() to setup default width.");
+
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags1 = ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, flags1))
+        {
+            // We could also set ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit on the table and all columns will default to ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed.
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("one", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 100.0f); // Default to 100.0f
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("two", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 200.0f); // Default to 200.0f
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("three", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed);       // Default to auto
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    if (row == 0)
+                        ImGui::Text("(w: %5.1f)", ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+                    else
+                        ImGui::Text("Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        HelpMarker("Using TableSetupColumn() to setup explicit width.\n\nUnless _NoKeepColumnsVisible is set, fixed columns with set width may still be shrunk down if there's not enough space in the host.");
+
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags2 = ImGuiTableFlags_None;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV", &flags2, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", 4, flags2))
+        {
+            // We could also set ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit on the table and all columns will default to ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed.
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 100.0f);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 15.0f);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 30.0f);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 15.0f);
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 4; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    if (row == 0)
+                        ImGui::Text("(w: %5.1f)", ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+                    else
+                        ImGui::Text("Hello %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Nested tables");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Nested tables"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker("This demonstrates embedding a table into another table cell.");
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_nested1", 2, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("A0");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("A1");
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("A0 Row 0");
+            {
+                float rows_height = TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 2;
+                if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_nested2", 2, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable))
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("B0");
+                    ImGui::TableSetupColumn("B1");
+                    ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags_None, rows_height);
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("B0 Row 0");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("B1 Row 0");
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags_None, rows_height);
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("B0 Row 1");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("B1 Row 1");
+
+                    ImGui::EndTable();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("A1 Row 0");
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("A0 Row 1");
+            ImGui::TableNextColumn(); ImGui::Text("A1 Row 1");
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Row height");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Row height"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker("You can pass a 'min_row_height' to TableNextRow().\n\nRows are padded with 'style.CellPadding.y' on top and bottom, so effectively the minimum row height will always be >= 'style.CellPadding.y * 2.0f'.\n\nWe cannot honor a _maximum_ row height as that would require a unique clipping rectangle per row.");
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_row_height", 1, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 10; row++)
+            {
+                float min_row_height = (float)(int)(TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 0.30f * row);
+                ImGui::TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags_None, min_row_height);
+                ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("min_row_height = %.2f", min_row_height);
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Outer size");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Outer size"))
+    {
+        // Showcasing use of ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX and ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY
+        // Important to that note how the two flags have slightly different behaviors!
+        ImGui::Text("Using NoHostExtendX and NoHostExtendY:");
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit | ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX;
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Make outer width auto-fit to columns, overriding outer_size.x value.\n\nOnly available when ScrollX/ScrollY are disabled and Stretch columns are not used.");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Make outer height stop exactly at outer_size.y (prevent auto-extending table past the limit).\n\nOnly available when ScrollX/ScrollY are disabled. Data below the limit will be clipped and not visible.");
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        ImVec2 outer_size = ImVec2(0.0f, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 5.5f);
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 3, flags, outer_size))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 10; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("Cell %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text("Hello!");
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        ImGui::Text("Using explicit size:");
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table2", 3, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg, ImVec2(TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 30, 0.0f)))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("Cell %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table3", 3, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg, ImVec2(TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 30, 0.0f)))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow(0, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 1.5f);
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("Cell %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Background color");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Background color"))
+    {
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg;
+        static int row_bg_type = 1;
+        static int row_bg_target = 1;
+        static int cell_bg_type = 1;
+
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Borders", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg automatically sets RowBg0 to alternative colors pulled from the Style.");
+        ImGui::Combo("row bg type", (int*)&row_bg_type, "None\0Red\0Gradient\0");
+        ImGui::Combo("row bg target", (int*)&row_bg_target, "RowBg0\0RowBg1\0"); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Target RowBg0 to override the alternating odd/even colors,\nTarget RowBg1 to blend with them.");
+        ImGui::Combo("cell bg type", (int*)&cell_bg_type, "None\0Blue\0"); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("We are colorizing cells to B1->C2 here.");
+        IM_ASSERT(row_bg_type >= 0 && row_bg_type <= 2);
+        IM_ASSERT(row_bg_target >= 0 && row_bg_target <= 1);
+        IM_ASSERT(cell_bg_type >= 0 && cell_bg_type <= 1);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table1", 5, flags))
+        {
+            for (int row = 0; row < 6; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+
+                // Demonstrate setting a row background color with 'ImGui::TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBgX, ...)'
+                // We use a transparent color so we can see the one behind in case our target is RowBg1 and RowBg0 was already targeted by the ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg flag.
+                if (row_bg_type != 0)
+                {
+                    ImU32 row_bg_color = ImGui::GetColorU32(row_bg_type == 1 ? ImVec4(0.7f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 0.65f) : ImVec4(0.2f + row * 0.1f, 0.2f, 0.2f, 0.65f)); // Flat or Gradient?
+                    ImGui::TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBg0 + row_bg_target, row_bg_color);
+                }
+
+                // Fill cells
+                for (int column = 0; column < 5; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("%c%c", 'A' + row, '0' + column);
+
+                    // Change background of Cells B1->C2
+                    // Demonstrate setting a cell background color with 'ImGui::TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg, ...)'
+                    // (the CellBg color will be blended over the RowBg and ColumnBg colors)
+                    // We can also pass a column number as a third parameter to TableSetBgColor() and do this outside the column loop.
+                    if (row >= 1 && row <= 2 && column >= 1 && column <= 2 && cell_bg_type == 1)
+                    {
+                        ImU32 cell_bg_color = ImGui::GetColorU32(ImVec4(0.3f, 0.3f, 0.7f, 0.65f));
+                        ImGui::TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg, cell_bg_color);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Tree view");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Tree view"))
+    {
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody;
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("3ways", 3, flags))
+        {
+            // The first column will use the default _WidthStretch when ScrollX is Off and _WidthFixed when ScrollX is On
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Name", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHide);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Size", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 12.0f);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Type", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 18.0f);
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+            // Simple storage to output a dummy file-system.
+            struct MyTreeNode
+            {
+                const char*     Name;
+                const char*     Type;
+                int             Size;
+                int             ChildIdx;
+                int             ChildCount;
+                static void DisplayNode(const MyTreeNode* node, const MyTreeNode* all_nodes)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    const bool is_folder = (node->ChildCount > 0);
+                    if (is_folder)
+                    {
+                        bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(node->Name, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth);
+                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                        ImGui::TextDisabled("--");
+                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(node->Type);
+                        if (open)
+                        {
+                            for (int child_n = 0; child_n < node->ChildCount; child_n++)
+                                DisplayNode(&all_nodes[node->ChildIdx + child_n], all_nodes);
+                            ImGui::TreePop();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        ImGui::TreeNodeEx(node->Name, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Bullet | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth);
+                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                        ImGui::Text("%d", node->Size);
+                        ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(node->Type);
+                    }
+                }
+            };
+            static const MyTreeNode nodes[] =
+            {
+                { "Root",                         "Folder",       -1,       1, 3    }, // 0
+                { "Music",                        "Folder",       -1,       4, 2    }, // 1
+                { "Textures",                     "Folder",       -1,       6, 3    }, // 2
+                { "desktop.ini",                  "System file",  1024,    -1,-1    }, // 3
+                { "File1_a.wav",                  "Audio file",   123000,  -1,-1    }, // 4
+                { "File1_b.wav",                  "Audio file",   456000,  -1,-1    }, // 5
+                { "Image001.png",                 "Image file",   203128,  -1,-1    }, // 6
+                { "Copy of Image001.png",         "Image file",   203256,  -1,-1    }, // 7
+                { "Copy of Image001 (Final2).png","Image file",   203512,  -1,-1    }, // 8
+            };
+
+            MyTreeNode::DisplayNode(&nodes[0], nodes);
+
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Item width");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Item width"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker(
+            "Showcase using PushItemWidth() and how it is preserved on a per-column basis.\n\n"
+            "Note that on auto-resizing non-resizable fixed columns, querying the content width for e.g. right-alignment doesn't make sense.");
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_item_width", 3, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("small");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("half");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("right-align");
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+            for (int row = 0; row < 3; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                if (row == 0)
+                {
+                    // Setup ItemWidth once (instead of setting up every time, which is also possible but less efficient)
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(0);
+                    ImGui::PushItemWidth(TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 3.0f); // Small
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(1);
+                    ImGui::PushItemWidth(-ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x * 0.5f);
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(2);
+                    ImGui::PushItemWidth(-FLT_MIN); // Right-aligned
+                }
+
+                // Draw our contents
+                static float dummy_f = 0.0f;
+                ImGui::PushID(row);
+                ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(0);
+                ImGui::SliderFloat("float0", &dummy_f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+                ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(1);
+                ImGui::SliderFloat("float1", &dummy_f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+                ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(2);
+                ImGui::SliderFloat("##float2", &dummy_f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // No visible label since right-aligned
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Demonstrate using TableHeader() calls instead of TableHeadersRow()
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Custom headers");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Custom headers"))
+    {
+        const int COLUMNS_COUNT = 3;
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_custom_headers", COLUMNS_COUNT, ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Apricot");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Banana");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Cherry");
+
+            // Dummy entire-column selection storage
+            // FIXME: It would be nice to actually demonstrate full-featured selection using those checkbox.
+            static bool column_selected[3] = {};
+
+            // Instead of calling TableHeadersRow() we'll submit custom headers ourselves
+            ImGui::TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers);
+            for (int column = 0; column < COLUMNS_COUNT; column++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                const char* column_name = ImGui::TableGetColumnName(column); // Retrieve name passed to TableSetupColumn()
+                ImGui::PushID(column);
+                ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(0, 0));
+                ImGui::Checkbox("##checkall", &column_selected[column]);
+                ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+                ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+                ImGui::TableHeader(column_name);
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+
+            for (int row = 0; row < 5; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < 3; column++)
+                {
+                    char buf[32];
+                    sprintf(buf, "Cell %d,%d", column, row);
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Selectable(buf, column_selected[column]);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Demonstrate creating custom context menus inside columns, while playing it nice with context menus provided by TableHeadersRow()/TableHeader()
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Context menus");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Context menus"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker("By default, right-clicking over a TableHeadersRow()/TableHeader() line will open the default context-menu.\nUsing ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody we also allow right-clicking over columns body.");
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags1 = ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody;
+
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody", &flags1, ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody);
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        // Context Menus: first example
+        // [1.1] Right-click on the TableHeadersRow() line to open the default table context menu.
+        // [1.2] Right-click in columns also open the default table context menu (if ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody is set)
+        const int COLUMNS_COUNT = 3;
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_context_menu", COLUMNS_COUNT, flags1))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+
+            // [1.1]] Right-click on the TableHeadersRow() line to open the default table context menu.
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+            // Submit dummy contents
+            for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < COLUMNS_COUNT; column++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("Cell %d,%d", column, row);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+
+        // Context Menus: second example
+        // [2.1] Right-click on the TableHeadersRow() line to open the default table context menu.
+        // [2.2] Right-click on the ".." to open a custom popup
+        // [2.3] Right-click in columns to open another custom popup
+        HelpMarker("Demonstrate mixing table context menu (over header), item context button (over button) and custom per-colum context menu (over column body).");
+        ImGuiTableFlags flags2 = ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders;
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_context_menu_2", COLUMNS_COUNT, flags2))
+        {
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+
+            // [2.1] Right-click on the TableHeadersRow() line to open the default table context menu.
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+            for (int row = 0; row < 4; row++)
+            {
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                for (int column = 0; column < COLUMNS_COUNT; column++)
+                {
+                    // Submit dummy contents
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(column);
+                    ImGui::Text("Cell %d,%d", column, row);
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+
+                    // [2.2] Right-click on the ".." to open a custom popup
+                    ImGui::PushID(row * COLUMNS_COUNT + column);
+                    ImGui::SmallButton("..");
+                    if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem())
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("This is the popup for Button(\"..\") in Cell %d,%d", column, row);
+                        if (ImGui::Button("Close"))
+                            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                        ImGui::EndPopup();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::PopID();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // [2.3] Right-click anywhere in columns to open another custom popup
+            // (instead of testing for !IsAnyItemHovered() we could also call OpenPopup() with ImGuiPopupFlags_NoOpenOverExistingPopup
+            // to manage popup priority as the popups triggers, here "are we hovering a column" are overlapping)
+            int hovered_column = -1;
+            for (int column = 0; column < COLUMNS_COUNT + 1; column++)
+            {
+                ImGui::PushID(column);
+                if (ImGui::TableGetColumnFlags(column) & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered)
+                    hovered_column = column;
+                if (hovered_column == column && !ImGui::IsAnyItemHovered() && ImGui::IsMouseReleased(1))
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup("MyPopup");
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopup("MyPopup"))
+                {
+                    if (column == COLUMNS_COUNT)
+                        ImGui::Text("This is a custom popup for unused space after the last column.");
+                    else
+                        ImGui::Text("This is a custom popup for Column %d", column);
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Close"))
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+            ImGui::Text("Hovered column: %d", hovered_column);
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Demonstrate creating multiple tables with the same ID
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Synced instances");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Synced instances"))
+    {
+        HelpMarker("Multiple tables with the same identifier will share their settings, width, visibility, order etc.");
+
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags = ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit | ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings;
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit);
+        for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++)
+        {
+            char buf[32];
+            sprintf(buf, "Synced Table %d", n);
+            bool open = ImGui::CollapsingHeader(buf, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen);
+            if (open && ImGui::BeginTable("Table", 3, flags, ImVec2(0.0f, ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * 5)))
+            {
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("One");
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Two");
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Three");
+                ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+                const int cell_count = (n == 1) ? 27 : 9; // Make second table have a scrollbar to verify that additional decoration is not affecting column positions.
+                for (int cell = 0; cell < cell_count; cell++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("this cell %d", cell);
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTable();
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Demonstrate using Sorting facilities
+    // This is a simplified version of the "Advanced" example, where we mostly focus on the code necessary to handle sorting.
+    // Note that the "Advanced" example also showcase manually triggering a sort (e.g. if item quantities have been modified)
+    static const char* template_items_names[] =
+    {
+        "Banana", "Apple", "Cherry", "Watermelon", "Grapefruit", "Strawberry", "Mango",
+        "Kiwi", "Orange", "Pineapple", "Blueberry", "Plum", "Coconut", "Pear", "Apricot"
+    };
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Sorting");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Sorting"))
+    {
+        // Create item list
+        static ImVector<MyItem> items;
+        if (items.Size == 0)
+        {
+            items.resize(50, MyItem());
+            for (int n = 0; n < items.Size; n++)
+            {
+                const int template_n = n % IM_ARRAYSIZE(template_items_names);
+                MyItem& item = items[n];
+                item.ID = n;
+                item.Name = template_items_names[template_n];
+                item.Quantity = (n * n - n) % 20; // Assign default quantities
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Options
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags =
+            ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable | ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable | ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV | ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY;
+        PushStyleCompact();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("When sorting is enabled: hold shift when clicking headers to sort on multiple column. TableGetSortSpecs() may return specs where (SpecsCount > 1).");
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate);
+        ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("When sorting is enabled: allow no sorting, disable default sorting. TableGetSortSpecs() may return specs where (SpecsCount == 0).");
+        PopStyleCompact();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_sorting", 4, flags, ImVec2(0.0f, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 15), 0.0f))
+        {
+            // Declare columns
+            // We use the "user_id" parameter of TableSetupColumn() to specify a user id that will be stored in the sort specifications.
+            // This is so our sort function can identify a column given our own identifier. We could also identify them based on their index!
+            // Demonstrate using a mixture of flags among available sort-related flags:
+            // - ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort
+            // - ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort / ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortAscending / ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortDescending
+            // - ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortAscending / ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("ID",       ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort          | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed,   0.0f, MyItemColumnID_ID);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Name",                                                  ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed,   0.0f, MyItemColumnID_Name);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Action",   ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort               | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed,   0.0f, MyItemColumnID_Action);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Quantity", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch, 0.0f, MyItemColumnID_Quantity);
+            ImGui::TableSetupScrollFreeze(0, 1); // Make row always visible
+            ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+            // Sort our data if sort specs have been changed!
+            if (ImGuiTableSortSpecs* sorts_specs = ImGui::TableGetSortSpecs())
+                if (sorts_specs->SpecsDirty)
+                {
+                    MyItem::s_current_sort_specs = sorts_specs; // Store in variable accessible by the sort function.
+                    if (items.Size > 1)
+                        qsort(&items[0], (size_t)items.Size, sizeof(items[0]), MyItem::CompareWithSortSpecs);
+                    MyItem::s_current_sort_specs = NULL;
+                    sorts_specs->SpecsDirty = false;
+                }
+
+            // Demonstrate using clipper for large vertical lists
+            ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+            clipper.Begin(items.Size);
+            while (clipper.Step())
+                for (int row_n = clipper.DisplayStart; row_n < clipper.DisplayEnd; row_n++)
+                {
+                    // Display a data item
+                    MyItem* item = &items[row_n];
+                    ImGui::PushID(item->ID);
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("%04d", item->ID);
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted(item->Name);
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::SmallButton("None");
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("%d", item->Quantity);
+                    ImGui::PopID();
+                }
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // In this example we'll expose most table flags and settings.
+    // For specific flags and settings refer to the corresponding section for more detailed explanation.
+    // This section is mostly useful to experiment with combining certain flags or settings with each others.
+    //ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once); // [DEBUG]
+    if (open_action != -1)
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(open_action != 0);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tables/Advanced");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Advanced"))
+    {
+        static ImGuiTableFlags flags =
+            ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable | ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg | ImGuiTableFlags_Borders | ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY
+            | ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit;
+
+        enum ContentsType { CT_Text, CT_Button, CT_SmallButton, CT_FillButton, CT_Selectable, CT_SelectableSpanRow };
+        static int contents_type = CT_SelectableSpanRow;
+        const char* contents_type_names[] = { "Text", "Button", "SmallButton", "FillButton", "Selectable", "Selectable (span row)" };
+        static int freeze_cols = 1;
+        static int freeze_rows = 1;
+        static int items_count = IM_ARRAYSIZE(template_items_names) * 2;
+        static ImVec2 outer_size_value = ImVec2(0.0f, TEXT_BASE_HEIGHT * 12);
+        static float row_min_height = 0.0f; // Auto
+        static float inner_width_with_scroll = 0.0f; // Auto-extend
+        static bool outer_size_enabled = true;
+        static bool show_headers = true;
+        static bool show_wrapped_text = false;
+        //static ImGuiTextFilter filter;
+        //ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once); // FIXME-TABLE: Enabling this results in initial clipped first pass on table which tend to affect column sizing
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Options"))
+        {
+            // Make the UI compact because there are so many fields
+            PushStyleCompact();
+            ImGui::PushItemWidth(TEXT_BASE_WIDTH * 28.0f);
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Features:", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+            {
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody);
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Decorations:", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+            {
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersV);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersH", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersH);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable vertical borders in columns Body (borders will always appear in Headers");
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable vertical borders in columns Body until hovered for resize (borders will always appear in Headers)");
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Sizing:", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+            {
+                EditTableSizingFlags(&flags);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("In the Advanced demo we override the policy of each column so those table-wide settings have less effect that typical.");
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Make outer width auto-fit to columns, overriding outer_size.x value.\n\nOnly available when ScrollX/ScrollY are disabled and Stretch columns are not used.");
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Make outer height stop exactly at outer_size.y (prevent auto-extending table past the limit).\n\nOnly available when ScrollX/ScrollY are disabled. Data below the limit will be clipped and not visible.");
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Only available if ScrollX is disabled.");
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_PreciseWidths", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_PreciseWidths);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable distributing remainder width to stretched columns (width allocation on a 100-wide table with 3 columns: Without this flag: 33,33,34. With this flag: 33,33,33). With larger number of columns, resizing will appear to be less smooth.");
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Disable clipping rectangle for every individual columns (reduce draw command count, items will be able to overflow into other columns). Generally incompatible with ScrollFreeze options.");
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Padding:", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+            {
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_PadOuterX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_PadOuterX);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadOuterX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadOuterX);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadInnerX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadInnerX);
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Scrolling:", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+            {
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX);
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+                ImGui::DragInt("freeze_cols", &freeze_cols, 0.2f, 0, 9, NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput);
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY);
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+                ImGui::DragInt("freeze_rows", &freeze_rows, 0.2f, 0, 9, NULL, ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput);
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Sorting:", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+            {
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("When sorting is enabled: hold shift when clicking headers to sort on multiple column. TableGetSortSpecs() may return specs where (SpecsCount > 1).");
+                ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate", &flags, ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("When sorting is enabled: allow no sorting, disable default sorting. TableGetSortSpecs() may return specs where (SpecsCount == 0).");
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Other:", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
+            {
+                ImGui::Checkbox("show_headers", &show_headers);
+                ImGui::Checkbox("show_wrapped_text", &show_wrapped_text);
+
+                ImGui::DragFloat2("##OuterSize", &outer_size_value.x);
+                ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+                ImGui::Checkbox("outer_size", &outer_size_enabled);
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                HelpMarker("If scrolling is disabled (ScrollX and ScrollY not set):\n"
+                    "- The table is output directly in the parent window.\n"
+                    "- OuterSize.x < 0.0f will right-align the table.\n"
+                    "- OuterSize.x = 0.0f will narrow fit the table unless there are any Stretch columns.\n"
+                    "- OuterSize.y then becomes the minimum size for the table, which will extend vertically if there are more rows (unless NoHostExtendY is set).");
+
+                // From a user point of view we will tend to use 'inner_width' differently depending on whether our table is embedding scrolling.
+                // To facilitate toying with this demo we will actually pass 0.0f to the BeginTable() when ScrollX is disabled.
+                ImGui::DragFloat("inner_width (when ScrollX active)", &inner_width_with_scroll, 1.0f, 0.0f, FLT_MAX);
+
+                ImGui::DragFloat("row_min_height", &row_min_height, 1.0f, 0.0f, FLT_MAX);
+                ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Specify height of the Selectable item.");
+
+                ImGui::DragInt("items_count", &items_count, 0.1f, 0, 9999);
+                ImGui::Combo("items_type (first column)", &contents_type, contents_type_names, IM_ARRAYSIZE(contents_type_names));
+                //filter.Draw("filter");
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+            PopStyleCompact();
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        // Update item list if we changed the number of items
+        static ImVector<MyItem> items;
+        static ImVector<int> selection;
+        static bool items_need_sort = false;
+        if (items.Size != items_count)
+        {
+            items.resize(items_count, MyItem());
+            for (int n = 0; n < items_count; n++)
+            {
+                const int template_n = n % IM_ARRAYSIZE(template_items_names);
+                MyItem& item = items[n];
+                item.ID = n;
+                item.Name = template_items_names[template_n];
+                item.Quantity = (template_n == 3) ? 10 : (template_n == 4) ? 20 : 0; // Assign default quantities
+            }
+        }
+
+        const ImDrawList* parent_draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+        const int parent_draw_list_draw_cmd_count = parent_draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size;
+        ImVec2 table_scroll_cur, table_scroll_max; // For debug display
+        const ImDrawList* table_draw_list = NULL;  // "
+
+        // Submit table
+        const float inner_width_to_use = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) ? inner_width_with_scroll : 0.0f;
+        if (ImGui::BeginTable("table_advanced", 6, flags, outer_size_enabled ? outer_size_value : ImVec2(0, 0), inner_width_to_use))
+        {
+            // Declare columns
+            // We use the "user_id" parameter of TableSetupColumn() to specify a user id that will be stored in the sort specifications.
+            // This is so our sort function can identify a column given our own identifier. We could also identify them based on their index!
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("ID",           ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHide, 0.0f, MyItemColumnID_ID);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Name",         ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 0.0f, MyItemColumnID_Name);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Action",       ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 0.0f, MyItemColumnID_Action);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Quantity",     ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending, 0.0f, MyItemColumnID_Quantity);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Description",  (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX) ? 0 : ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch, 0.0f, MyItemColumnID_Description);
+            ImGui::TableSetupColumn("Hidden",       ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort);
+            ImGui::TableSetupScrollFreeze(freeze_cols, freeze_rows);
+
+            // Sort our data if sort specs have been changed!
+            ImGuiTableSortSpecs* sorts_specs = ImGui::TableGetSortSpecs();
+            if (sorts_specs && sorts_specs->SpecsDirty)
+                items_need_sort = true;
+            if (sorts_specs && items_need_sort && items.Size > 1)
+            {
+                MyItem::s_current_sort_specs = sorts_specs; // Store in variable accessible by the sort function.
+                qsort(&items[0], (size_t)items.Size, sizeof(items[0]), MyItem::CompareWithSortSpecs);
+                MyItem::s_current_sort_specs = NULL;
+                sorts_specs->SpecsDirty = false;
+            }
+            items_need_sort = false;
+
+            // Take note of whether we are currently sorting based on the Quantity field,
+            // we will use this to trigger sorting when we know the data of this column has been modified.
+            const bool sorts_specs_using_quantity = (ImGui::TableGetColumnFlags(3) & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsSorted) != 0;
+
+            // Show headers
+            if (show_headers)
+                ImGui::TableHeadersRow();
+
+            // Show data
+            // FIXME-TABLE FIXME-NAV: How we can get decent up/down even though we have the buttons here?
+            ImGui::PushButtonRepeat(true);
+#if 1
+            // Demonstrate using clipper for large vertical lists
+            ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+            clipper.Begin(items.Size);
+            while (clipper.Step())
+            {
+                for (int row_n = clipper.DisplayStart; row_n < clipper.DisplayEnd; row_n++)
+#else
+            // Without clipper
+            {
+                for (int row_n = 0; row_n < items.Size; row_n++)
+#endif
+                {
+                    MyItem* item = &items[row_n];
+                    //if (!filter.PassFilter(item->Name))
+                    //    continue;
+
+                    const bool item_is_selected = selection.contains(item->ID);
+                    ImGui::PushID(item->ID);
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags_None, row_min_height);
+
+                    // For the demo purpose we can select among different type of items submitted in the first column
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(0);
+                    char label[32];
+                    sprintf(label, "%04d", item->ID);
+                    if (contents_type == CT_Text)
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(label);
+                    else if (contents_type == CT_Button)
+                        ImGui::Button(label);
+                    else if (contents_type == CT_SmallButton)
+                        ImGui::SmallButton(label);
+                    else if (contents_type == CT_FillButton)
+                        ImGui::Button(label, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 0.0f));
+                    else if (contents_type == CT_Selectable || contents_type == CT_SelectableSpanRow)
+                    {
+                        ImGuiSelectableFlags selectable_flags = (contents_type == CT_SelectableSpanRow) ? ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns | ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowItemOverlap : ImGuiSelectableFlags_None;
+                        if (ImGui::Selectable(label, item_is_selected, selectable_flags, ImVec2(0, row_min_height)))
+                        {
+                            if (ImGui::GetIO().KeyCtrl)
+                            {
+                                if (item_is_selected)
+                                    selection.find_erase_unsorted(item->ID);
+                                else
+                                    selection.push_back(item->ID);
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                selection.clear();
+                                selection.push_back(item->ID);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(1))
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(item->Name);
+
+                    // Here we demonstrate marking our data set as needing to be sorted again if we modified a quantity,
+                    // and we are currently sorting on the column showing the Quantity.
+                    // To avoid triggering a sort while holding the button, we only trigger it when the button has been released.
+                    // You will probably need a more advanced system in your code if you want to automatically sort when a specific entry changes.
+                    if (ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(2))
+                    {
+                        if (ImGui::SmallButton("Chop")) { item->Quantity += 1; }
+                        if (sorts_specs_using_quantity && ImGui::IsItemDeactivated()) { items_need_sort = true; }
+                        ImGui::SameLine();
+                        if (ImGui::SmallButton("Eat")) { item->Quantity -= 1; }
+                        if (sorts_specs_using_quantity && ImGui::IsItemDeactivated()) { items_need_sort = true; }
+                    }
+
+                    if (ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(3))
+                        ImGui::Text("%d", item->Quantity);
+
+                    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(4);
+                    if (show_wrapped_text)
+                        ImGui::TextWrapped("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet");
+                    else
+                        ImGui::Text("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet");
+
+                    if (ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(5))
+                        ImGui::Text("1234");
+
+                    ImGui::PopID();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::PopButtonRepeat();
+
+            // Store some info to display debug details below
+            table_scroll_cur = ImVec2(ImGui::GetScrollX(), ImGui::GetScrollY());
+            table_scroll_max = ImVec2(ImGui::GetScrollMaxX(), ImGui::GetScrollMaxY());
+            table_draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+            ImGui::EndTable();
+        }
+        static bool show_debug_details = false;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Debug details", &show_debug_details);
+        if (show_debug_details && table_draw_list)
+        {
+            ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, 0.0f);
+            const int table_draw_list_draw_cmd_count = table_draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size;
+            if (table_draw_list == parent_draw_list)
+                ImGui::Text(": DrawCmd: +%d (in same window)",
+                    table_draw_list_draw_cmd_count - parent_draw_list_draw_cmd_count);
+            else
+                ImGui::Text(": DrawCmd: +%d (in child window), Scroll: (%.f/%.f) (%.f/%.f)",
+                    table_draw_list_draw_cmd_count - 1, table_scroll_cur.x, table_scroll_max.x, table_scroll_cur.y, table_scroll_max.y);
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::PopID();
+
+    ShowDemoWindowColumns();
+
+    if (disable_indent)
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+}
+
+// Demonstrate old/legacy Columns API!
+// [2020: Columns are under-featured and not maintained. Prefer using the more flexible and powerful BeginTable() API!]
+static void ShowDemoWindowColumns()
+{
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Columns (legacy API)");
+    bool open = ImGui::TreeNode("Legacy Columns API");
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    HelpMarker("Columns() is an old API! Prefer using the more flexible and powerful BeginTable() API!");
+    if (!open)
+        return;
+
+    // Basic columns
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Columns (legacy API)/Basic");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Basic"))
+    {
+        ImGui::Text("Without border:");
+        ImGui::Columns(3, "mycolumns3", false);  // 3-ways, no border
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        for (int n = 0; n < 14; n++)
+        {
+            char label[32];
+            sprintf(label, "Item %d", n);
+            if (ImGui::Selectable(label)) {}
+            //if (ImGui::Button(label, ImVec2(-FLT_MIN,0.0f))) {}
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        ImGui::Text("With border:");
+        ImGui::Columns(4, "mycolumns"); // 4-ways, with border
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("ID"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Text("Name"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Text("Path"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Text("Hovered"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        const char* names[3] = { "One", "Two", "Three" };
+        const char* paths[3] = { "/path/one", "/path/two", "/path/three" };
+        static int selected = -1;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
+        {
+            char label[32];
+            sprintf(label, "%04d", i);
+            if (ImGui::Selectable(label, selected == i, ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns))
+                selected = i;
+            bool hovered = ImGui::IsItemHovered();
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text(names[i]); ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text(paths[i]); ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("%d", hovered); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Columns (legacy API)/Borders");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Borders"))
+    {
+        // NB: Future columns API should allow automatic horizontal borders.
+        static bool h_borders = true;
+        static bool v_borders = true;
+        static int columns_count = 4;
+        const int lines_count = 3;
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 8);
+        ImGui::DragInt("##columns_count", &columns_count, 0.1f, 2, 10, "%d columns");
+        if (columns_count < 2)
+            columns_count = 2;
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Checkbox("horizontal", &h_borders);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Checkbox("vertical", &v_borders);
+        ImGui::Columns(columns_count, NULL, v_borders);
+        for (int i = 0; i < columns_count * lines_count; i++)
+        {
+            if (h_borders && ImGui::GetColumnIndex() == 0)
+                ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("%c%c%c", 'a' + i, 'a' + i, 'a' + i);
+            ImGui::Text("Width %.2f", ImGui::GetColumnWidth());
+            ImGui::Text("Avail %.2f", ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x);
+            ImGui::Text("Offset %.2f", ImGui::GetColumnOffset());
+            ImGui::Text("Long text that is likely to clip");
+            ImGui::Button("Button", ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 0.0f));
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        if (h_borders)
+            ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Create multiple items in a same cell before switching to next column
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Columns (legacy API)/Mixed items");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Mixed items"))
+    {
+        ImGui::Columns(3, "mixed");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        ImGui::Text("Hello");
+        ImGui::Button("Banana");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+        ImGui::Text("ImGui");
+        ImGui::Button("Apple");
+        static float foo = 1.0f;
+        ImGui::InputFloat("red", &foo, 0.05f, 0, "%.3f");
+        ImGui::Text("An extra line here.");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+        ImGui::Text("Sailor");
+        ImGui::Button("Corniflower");
+        static float bar = 1.0f;
+        ImGui::InputFloat("blue", &bar, 0.05f, 0, "%.3f");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Category A")) { ImGui::Text("Blah blah blah"); } ImGui::NextColumn();
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Category B")) { ImGui::Text("Blah blah blah"); } ImGui::NextColumn();
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Category C")) { ImGui::Text("Blah blah blah"); } ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    // Word wrapping
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Columns (legacy API)/Word-wrapping");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Word-wrapping"))
+    {
+        ImGui::Columns(2, "word-wrapping");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("Hello Left");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.");
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("Hello Right");
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Columns (legacy API)/Horizontal Scrolling");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Horizontal Scrolling"))
+    {
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowContentSize(ImVec2(1500.0f, 0.0f));
+        ImVec2 child_size = ImVec2(0, ImGui::GetFontSize() * 20.0f);
+        ImGui::BeginChild("##ScrollingRegion", child_size, false, ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar);
+        ImGui::Columns(10);
+
+        // Also demonstrate using clipper for large vertical lists
+        int ITEMS_COUNT = 2000;
+        ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+        clipper.Begin(ITEMS_COUNT);
+        while (clipper.Step())
+        {
+            for (int i = clipper.DisplayStart; i < clipper.DisplayEnd; i++)
+                for (int j = 0; j < 10; j++)
+                {
+                    ImGui::Text("Line %d Column %d...", i, j);
+                    ImGui::NextColumn();
+                }
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Columns (legacy API)/Tree");
+    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Tree"))
+    {
+        ImGui::Columns(2, "tree", true);
+        for (int x = 0; x < 3; x++)
+        {
+            bool open1 = ImGui::TreeNode((void*)(intptr_t)x, "Node%d", x);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("Node contents");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            if (open1)
+            {
+                for (int y = 0; y < 3; y++)
+                {
+                    bool open2 = ImGui::TreeNode((void*)(intptr_t)y, "Node%d.%d", x, y);
+                    ImGui::NextColumn();
+                    ImGui::Text("Node contents");
+                    if (open2)
+                    {
+                        ImGui::Text("Even more contents");
+                        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Tree in column"))
+                        {
+                            ImGui::Text("The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog");
+                            ImGui::TreePop();
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ImGui::NextColumn();
+                    if (open2)
+                        ImGui::TreePop();
+                }
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::TreePop();
+}
+
+static void ShowDemoWindowInputs()
+{
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus");
+    if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Inputs & Focus"))
+    {
+        ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+
+        // Display inputs submitted to ImGuiIO
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus/Inputs");
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Inputs"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker(
+                "This is a simplified view. See more detailed input state:\n"
+                "- in 'Tools->Metrics/Debugger->Inputs'.\n"
+                "- in 'Tools->Debug Log->IO'.");
+            if (ImGui::IsMousePosValid())
+                ImGui::Text("Mouse pos: (%g, %g)", io.MousePos.x, io.MousePos.y);
+            else
+                ImGui::Text("Mouse pos: <INVALID>");
+            ImGui::Text("Mouse delta: (%g, %g)", io.MouseDelta.x, io.MouseDelta.y);
+            ImGui::Text("Mouse down:");
+            for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(io.MouseDown); i++) if (ImGui::IsMouseDown(i)) { ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::Text("b%d (%.02f secs)", i, io.MouseDownDuration[i]); }
+            ImGui::Text("Mouse wheel: %.1f", io.MouseWheel);
+
+            // We iterate both legacy native range and named ImGuiKey ranges, which is a little odd but this allows displaying the data for old/new backends.
+            // User code should never have to go through such hoops! You can generally iterate between ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN and ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END.
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+            struct funcs { static bool IsLegacyNativeDupe(ImGuiKey) { return false; } };
+            ImGuiKey start_key = ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN;
+#else
+            struct funcs { static bool IsLegacyNativeDupe(ImGuiKey key) { return key < 512 && ImGui::GetIO().KeyMap[key] != -1; } }; // Hide Native<>ImGuiKey duplicates when both exists in the array
+            ImGuiKey start_key = (ImGuiKey)0;
+#endif
+            ImGui::Text("Keys down:");         for (ImGuiKey key = start_key; key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; key = (ImGuiKey)(key + 1)) { if (funcs::IsLegacyNativeDupe(key) || !ImGui::IsKeyDown(key)) continue; ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::Text((key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN) ? "\"%s\"" : "\"%s\" %d", ImGui::GetKeyName(key), key); }
+            ImGui::Text("Keys mods: %s%s%s%s", io.KeyCtrl ? "CTRL " : "", io.KeyShift ? "SHIFT " : "", io.KeyAlt ? "ALT " : "", io.KeySuper ? "SUPER " : "");
+            ImGui::Text("Chars queue:");       for (int i = 0; i < io.InputQueueCharacters.Size; i++) { ImWchar c = io.InputQueueCharacters[i]; ImGui::SameLine();  ImGui::Text("\'%c\' (0x%04X)", (c > ' ' && c <= 255) ? (char)c : '?', c); } // FIXME: We should convert 'c' to UTF-8 here but the functions are not public.
+
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        // Display ImGuiIO output flags
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus/Outputs");
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Outputs"))
+        {
+            HelpMarker(
+                "The value of io.WantCaptureMouse and io.WantCaptureKeyboard are normally set by Dear ImGui "
+                "to instruct your application of how to route inputs. Typically, when a value is true, it means "
+                "Dear ImGui wants the corresponding inputs and we expect the underlying application to ignore them.\n\n"
+                "The most typical case is: when hovering a window, Dear ImGui set io.WantCaptureMouse to true, "
+                "and underlying application should ignore mouse inputs (in practice there are many and more subtle "
+                "rules leading to how those flags are set).");
+            ImGui::Text("io.WantCaptureMouse: %d", io.WantCaptureMouse);
+            ImGui::Text("io.WantCaptureMouseUnlessPopupClose: %d", io.WantCaptureMouseUnlessPopupClose);
+            ImGui::Text("io.WantCaptureKeyboard: %d", io.WantCaptureKeyboard);
+            ImGui::Text("io.WantTextInput: %d", io.WantTextInput);
+            ImGui::Text("io.WantSetMousePos: %d", io.WantSetMousePos);
+            ImGui::Text("io.NavActive: %d, io.NavVisible: %d", io.NavActive, io.NavVisible);
+
+            IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus/Outputs/WantCapture override");
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("WantCapture override"))
+            {
+                HelpMarker(
+                    "Hovering the colored canvas will override io.WantCaptureXXX fields.\n"
+                    "Notice how normally (when set to none), the value of io.WantCaptureKeyboard would be false when hovering and true when clicking.");
+                static int capture_override_mouse = -1;
+                static int capture_override_keyboard = -1;
+                const char* capture_override_desc[] = { "None", "Set to false", "Set to true" };
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 15);
+                ImGui::SliderInt("SetNextFrameWantCaptureMouse() on hover", &capture_override_mouse, -1, +1, capture_override_desc[capture_override_mouse + 1], ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 15);
+                ImGui::SliderInt("SetNextFrameWantCaptureKeyboard() on hover", &capture_override_keyboard, -1, +1, capture_override_desc[capture_override_keyboard + 1], ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+
+                ImGui::ColorButton("##panel", ImVec4(0.7f, 0.1f, 0.7f, 1.0f), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoDragDrop, ImVec2(128.0f, 96.0f)); // Dummy item
+                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered() && capture_override_mouse != -1)
+                    ImGui::SetNextFrameWantCaptureMouse(capture_override_mouse == 1);
+                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered() && capture_override_keyboard != -1)
+                    ImGui::SetNextFrameWantCaptureKeyboard(capture_override_keyboard == 1);
+
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        // Display mouse cursors
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus/Mouse Cursors");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Mouse Cursors"))
+        {
+            const char* mouse_cursors_names[] = { "Arrow", "TextInput", "ResizeAll", "ResizeNS", "ResizeEW", "ResizeNESW", "ResizeNWSE", "Hand", "NotAllowed" };
+            IM_ASSERT(IM_ARRAYSIZE(mouse_cursors_names) == ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT);
+
+            ImGuiMouseCursor current = ImGui::GetMouseCursor();
+            ImGui::Text("Current mouse cursor = %d: %s", current, mouse_cursors_names[current]);
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(true);
+            ImGui::CheckboxFlags("io.BackendFlags: HasMouseCursors", &io.BackendFlags, ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors);
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+            ImGui::Text("Hover to see mouse cursors:");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker(
+                "Your application can render a different mouse cursor based on what ImGui::GetMouseCursor() returns. "
+                "If software cursor rendering (io.MouseDrawCursor) is set ImGui will draw the right cursor for you, "
+                "otherwise your backend needs to handle it.");
+            for (int i = 0; i < ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT; i++)
+            {
+                char label[32];
+                sprintf(label, "Mouse cursor %d: %s", i, mouse_cursors_names[i]);
+                ImGui::Bullet(); ImGui::Selectable(label, false);
+                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered())
+                    ImGui::SetMouseCursor(i);
+            }
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus/Tabbing");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Tabbing"))
+        {
+            ImGui::Text("Use TAB/SHIFT+TAB to cycle through keyboard editable fields.");
+            static char buf[32] = "hello";
+            ImGui::InputText("1", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            ImGui::InputText("2", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            ImGui::InputText("3", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            ImGui::PushTabStop(false);
+            ImGui::InputText("4 (tab skip)", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Item won't be cycled through when using TAB or Shift+Tab.");
+            ImGui::PopTabStop();
+            ImGui::InputText("5", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus/Focus from code");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Focus from code"))
+        {
+            bool focus_1 = ImGui::Button("Focus on 1"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            bool focus_2 = ImGui::Button("Focus on 2"); ImGui::SameLine();
+            bool focus_3 = ImGui::Button("Focus on 3");
+            int has_focus = 0;
+            static char buf[128] = "click on a button to set focus";
+
+            if (focus_1) ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere();
+            ImGui::InputText("1", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            if (ImGui::IsItemActive()) has_focus = 1;
+
+            if (focus_2) ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere();
+            ImGui::InputText("2", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            if (ImGui::IsItemActive()) has_focus = 2;
+
+            ImGui::PushTabStop(false);
+            if (focus_3) ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere();
+            ImGui::InputText("3 (tab skip)", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+            if (ImGui::IsItemActive()) has_focus = 3;
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Item won't be cycled through when using TAB or Shift+Tab.");
+            ImGui::PopTabStop();
+
+            if (has_focus)
+                ImGui::Text("Item with focus: %d", has_focus);
+            else
+                ImGui::Text("Item with focus: <none>");
+
+            // Use >= 0 parameter to SetKeyboardFocusHere() to focus an upcoming item
+            static float f3[3] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f };
+            int focus_ahead = -1;
+            if (ImGui::Button("Focus on X")) { focus_ahead = 0; } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Focus on Y")) { focus_ahead = 1; } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Focus on Z")) { focus_ahead = 2; }
+            if (focus_ahead != -1) ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere(focus_ahead);
+            ImGui::SliderFloat3("Float3", &f3[0], 0.0f, 1.0f);
+
+            ImGui::TextWrapped("NB: Cursor & selection are preserved when refocusing last used item in code.");
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Inputs & Focus/Dragging");
+        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Dragging"))
+        {
+            ImGui::TextWrapped("You can use ImGui::GetMouseDragDelta(0) to query for the dragged amount on any widget.");
+            for (int button = 0; button < 3; button++)
+            {
+                ImGui::Text("IsMouseDragging(%d):", button);
+                ImGui::Text("  w/ default threshold: %d,", ImGui::IsMouseDragging(button));
+                ImGui::Text("  w/ zero threshold: %d,", ImGui::IsMouseDragging(button, 0.0f));
+                ImGui::Text("  w/ large threshold: %d,", ImGui::IsMouseDragging(button, 20.0f));
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Button("Drag Me");
+            if (ImGui::IsItemActive())
+                ImGui::GetForegroundDrawList()->AddLine(io.MouseClickedPos[0], io.MousePos, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Button), 4.0f); // Draw a line between the button and the mouse cursor
+
+            // Drag operations gets "unlocked" when the mouse has moved past a certain threshold
+            // (the default threshold is stored in io.MouseDragThreshold). You can request a lower or higher
+            // threshold using the second parameter of IsMouseDragging() and GetMouseDragDelta().
+            ImVec2 value_raw = ImGui::GetMouseDragDelta(0, 0.0f);
+            ImVec2 value_with_lock_threshold = ImGui::GetMouseDragDelta(0);
+            ImVec2 mouse_delta = io.MouseDelta;
+            ImGui::Text("GetMouseDragDelta(0):");
+            ImGui::Text("  w/ default threshold: (%.1f, %.1f)", value_with_lock_threshold.x, value_with_lock_threshold.y);
+            ImGui::Text("  w/ zero threshold: (%.1f, %.1f)", value_raw.x, value_raw.y);
+            ImGui::Text("io.MouseDelta: (%.1f, %.1f)", mouse_delta.x, mouse_delta.y);
+            ImGui::TreePop();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] About Window / ShowAboutWindow()
+// Access from Dear ImGui Demo -> Tools -> About
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::ShowAboutWindow(bool* p_open)
+{
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("About Dear ImGui", p_open, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tools/About Dear ImGui");
+    ImGui::Text("Dear ImGui %s", ImGui::GetVersion());
+    ImGui::Separator();
+    ImGui::Text("By Omar Cornut and all Dear ImGui contributors.");
+    ImGui::Text("Dear ImGui is licensed under the MIT License, see LICENSE for more information.");
+
+    static bool show_config_info = false;
+    ImGui::Checkbox("Config/Build Information", &show_config_info);
+    if (show_config_info)
+    {
+        ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+        ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+
+        bool copy_to_clipboard = ImGui::Button("Copy to clipboard");
+        ImVec2 child_size = ImVec2(0, ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * 18);
+        ImGui::BeginChildFrame(ImGui::GetID("cfg_infos"), child_size, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove);
+        if (copy_to_clipboard)
+        {
+            ImGui::LogToClipboard();
+            ImGui::LogText("```\n"); // Back quotes will make text appears without formatting when pasting on GitHub
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Text("Dear ImGui %s (%d)", IMGUI_VERSION, IMGUI_VERSION_NUM);
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("sizeof(size_t): %d, sizeof(ImDrawIdx): %d, sizeof(ImDrawVert): %d", (int)sizeof(size_t), (int)sizeof(ImDrawIdx), (int)sizeof(ImDrawVert));
+        ImGui::Text("define: __cplusplus=%d", (int)__cplusplus);
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_CLIPBOARD_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_DEFAULT_IME_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_WIN32_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_MATH_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_MATH_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_FILE_FUNCTIONS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_FILE_FUNCTIONS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_ALLOCATORS");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_BGRA_PACKED_COLOR
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_USE_BGRA_PACKED_COLOR");
+#endif
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        ImGui::Text("define: _WIN32");
+#endif
+#ifdef _WIN64
+        ImGui::Text("define: _WIN64");
+#endif
+#ifdef __linux__
+        ImGui::Text("define: __linux__");
+#endif
+#ifdef __APPLE__
+        ImGui::Text("define: __APPLE__");
+#endif
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+        ImGui::Text("define: _MSC_VER=%d", _MSC_VER);
+#endif
+#ifdef _MSVC_LANG
+        ImGui::Text("define: _MSVC_LANG=%d", (int)_MSVC_LANG);
+#endif
+#ifdef __MINGW32__
+        ImGui::Text("define: __MINGW32__");
+#endif
+#ifdef __MINGW64__
+        ImGui::Text("define: __MINGW64__");
+#endif
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+        ImGui::Text("define: __GNUC__=%d", (int)__GNUC__);
+#endif
+#ifdef __clang_version__
+        ImGui::Text("define: __clang_version__=%s", __clang_version__);
+#endif
+#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
+        ImGui::Text("define: __EMSCRIPTEN__");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_VIEWPORT
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_HAS_VIEWPORT");
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+        ImGui::Text("define: IMGUI_HAS_DOCK");
+#endif
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("io.BackendPlatformName: %s", io.BackendPlatformName ? io.BackendPlatformName : "NULL");
+        ImGui::Text("io.BackendRendererName: %s", io.BackendRendererName ? io.BackendRendererName : "NULL");
+        ImGui::Text("io.ConfigFlags: 0x%08X", io.ConfigFlags);
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard)        ImGui::Text(" NavEnableKeyboard");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad)         ImGui::Text(" NavEnableGamepad");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos)     ImGui::Text(" NavEnableSetMousePos");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavNoCaptureKeyboard)     ImGui::Text(" NavNoCaptureKeyboard");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouse)                  ImGui::Text(" NoMouse");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouseCursorChange)      ImGui::Text(" NoMouseCursorChange");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable)            ImGui::Text(" DockingEnable");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable)          ImGui::Text(" ViewportsEnable");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DpiEnableScaleViewports)  ImGui::Text(" DpiEnableScaleViewports");
+        if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DpiEnableScaleFonts)      ImGui::Text(" DpiEnableScaleFonts");
+        if (io.MouseDrawCursor)                                         ImGui::Text("io.MouseDrawCursor");
+        if (io.ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge)                              ImGui::Text("io.ConfigViewportsNoAutoMerge");
+        if (io.ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon)                            ImGui::Text("io.ConfigViewportsNoTaskBarIcon");
+        if (io.ConfigViewportsNoDecoration)                             ImGui::Text("io.ConfigViewportsNoDecoration");
+        if (io.ConfigViewportsNoDefaultParent)                          ImGui::Text("io.ConfigViewportsNoDefaultParent");
+        if (io.ConfigDockingNoSplit)                                    ImGui::Text("io.ConfigDockingNoSplit");
+        if (io.ConfigDockingWithShift)                                  ImGui::Text("io.ConfigDockingWithShift");
+        if (io.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar)                               ImGui::Text("io.ConfigDockingAlwaysTabBar");
+        if (io.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload)                         ImGui::Text("io.ConfigDockingTransparentPayload");
+        if (io.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors)                                   ImGui::Text("io.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors");
+        if (io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink)                              ImGui::Text("io.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink");
+        if (io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges)                            ImGui::Text("io.ConfigWindowsResizeFromEdges");
+        if (io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly)                       ImGui::Text("io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly");
+        if (io.ConfigMemoryCompactTimer >= 0.0f)                        ImGui::Text("io.ConfigMemoryCompactTimer = %.1f", io.ConfigMemoryCompactTimer);
+        ImGui::Text("io.BackendFlags: 0x%08X", io.BackendFlags);
+        if (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad)             ImGui::Text(" HasGamepad");
+        if (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors)        ImGui::Text(" HasMouseCursors");
+        if (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasSetMousePos)         ImGui::Text(" HasSetMousePos");
+        if (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_PlatformHasViewports)   ImGui::Text(" PlatformHasViewports");
+        if (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseHoveredViewport)ImGui::Text(" HasMouseHoveredViewport");
+        if (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset)   ImGui::Text(" RendererHasVtxOffset");
+        if (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasViewports)   ImGui::Text(" RendererHasViewports");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("io.Fonts: %d fonts, Flags: 0x%08X, TexSize: %d,%d", io.Fonts->Fonts.Size, io.Fonts->Flags, io.Fonts->TexWidth, io.Fonts->TexHeight);
+        ImGui::Text("io.DisplaySize: %.2f,%.2f", io.DisplaySize.x, io.DisplaySize.y);
+        ImGui::Text("io.DisplayFramebufferScale: %.2f,%.2f", io.DisplayFramebufferScale.x, io.DisplayFramebufferScale.y);
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("style.WindowPadding: %.2f,%.2f", style.WindowPadding.x, style.WindowPadding.y);
+        ImGui::Text("style.WindowBorderSize: %.2f", style.WindowBorderSize);
+        ImGui::Text("style.FramePadding: %.2f,%.2f", style.FramePadding.x, style.FramePadding.y);
+        ImGui::Text("style.FrameRounding: %.2f", style.FrameRounding);
+        ImGui::Text("style.FrameBorderSize: %.2f", style.FrameBorderSize);
+        ImGui::Text("style.ItemSpacing: %.2f,%.2f", style.ItemSpacing.x, style.ItemSpacing.y);
+        ImGui::Text("style.ItemInnerSpacing: %.2f,%.2f", style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, style.ItemInnerSpacing.y);
+
+        if (copy_to_clipboard)
+        {
+            ImGui::LogText("\n```\n");
+            ImGui::LogFinish();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndChildFrame();
+    }
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Style Editor / ShowStyleEditor()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ShowFontSelector()
+// - ShowStyleSelector()
+// - ShowStyleEditor()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Forward declare ShowFontAtlas() which isn't worth putting in public API yet
+namespace ImGui { IMGUI_API void ShowFontAtlas(ImFontAtlas* atlas); }
+
+// Demo helper function to select among loaded fonts.
+// Here we use the regular BeginCombo()/EndCombo() api which is the more flexible one.
+void ImGui::ShowFontSelector(const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    ImFont* font_current = ImGui::GetFont();
+    if (ImGui::BeginCombo(label, font_current->GetDebugName()))
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; n < io.Fonts->Fonts.Size; n++)
+        {
+            ImFont* font = io.Fonts->Fonts[n];
+            ImGui::PushID((void*)font);
+            if (ImGui::Selectable(font->GetDebugName(), font == font_current))
+                io.FontDefault = font;
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndCombo();
+    }
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    HelpMarker(
+        "- Load additional fonts with io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF().\n"
+        "- The font atlas is built when calling io.Fonts->GetTexDataAsXXXX() or io.Fonts->Build().\n"
+        "- Read FAQ and docs/FONTS.md for more details.\n"
+        "- If you need to add/remove fonts at runtime (e.g. for DPI change), do it before calling NewFrame().");
+}
+
+// Demo helper function to select among default colors. See ShowStyleEditor() for more advanced options.
+// Here we use the simplified Combo() api that packs items into a single literal string.
+// Useful for quick combo boxes where the choices are known locally.
+bool ImGui::ShowStyleSelector(const char* label)
+{
+    static int style_idx = -1;
+    if (ImGui::Combo(label, &style_idx, "Dark\0Light\0Classic\0"))
+    {
+        switch (style_idx)
+        {
+        case 0: ImGui::StyleColorsDark(); break;
+        case 1: ImGui::StyleColorsLight(); break;
+        case 2: ImGui::StyleColorsClassic(); break;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+void ImGui::ShowStyleEditor(ImGuiStyle* ref)
+{
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Tools/Style Editor");
+    // You can pass in a reference ImGuiStyle structure to compare to, revert to and save to
+    // (without a reference style pointer, we will use one compared locally as a reference)
+    ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+    static ImGuiStyle ref_saved_style;
+
+    // Default to using internal storage as reference
+    static bool init = true;
+    if (init && ref == NULL)
+        ref_saved_style = style;
+    init = false;
+    if (ref == NULL)
+        ref = &ref_saved_style;
+
+    ImGui::PushItemWidth(ImGui::GetWindowWidth() * 0.50f);
+
+    if (ImGui::ShowStyleSelector("Colors##Selector"))
+        ref_saved_style = style;
+    ImGui::ShowFontSelector("Fonts##Selector");
+
+    // Simplified Settings (expose floating-pointer border sizes as boolean representing 0.0f or 1.0f)
+    if (ImGui::SliderFloat("FrameRounding", &style.FrameRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f"))
+        style.GrabRounding = style.FrameRounding; // Make GrabRounding always the same value as FrameRounding
+    { bool border = (style.WindowBorderSize > 0.0f); if (ImGui::Checkbox("WindowBorder", &border)) { style.WindowBorderSize = border ? 1.0f : 0.0f; } }
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    { bool border = (style.FrameBorderSize > 0.0f);  if (ImGui::Checkbox("FrameBorder",  &border)) { style.FrameBorderSize  = border ? 1.0f : 0.0f; } }
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    { bool border = (style.PopupBorderSize > 0.0f);  if (ImGui::Checkbox("PopupBorder",  &border)) { style.PopupBorderSize  = border ? 1.0f : 0.0f; } }
+
+    // Save/Revert button
+    if (ImGui::Button("Save Ref"))
+        *ref = ref_saved_style = style;
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    if (ImGui::Button("Revert Ref"))
+        style = *ref;
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    HelpMarker(
+        "Save/Revert in local non-persistent storage. Default Colors definition are not affected. "
+        "Use \"Export\" below to save them somewhere.");
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+
+    if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("##tabs", ImGuiTabBarFlags_None))
+    {
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Sizes"))
+        {
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Main");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("WindowPadding", (float*)&style.WindowPadding, 0.0f, 20.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("FramePadding", (float*)&style.FramePadding, 0.0f, 20.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("CellPadding", (float*)&style.CellPadding, 0.0f, 20.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("ItemSpacing", (float*)&style.ItemSpacing, 0.0f, 20.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("ItemInnerSpacing", (float*)&style.ItemInnerSpacing, 0.0f, 20.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("TouchExtraPadding", (float*)&style.TouchExtraPadding, 0.0f, 10.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("IndentSpacing", &style.IndentSpacing, 0.0f, 30.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("ScrollbarSize", &style.ScrollbarSize, 1.0f, 20.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("GrabMinSize", &style.GrabMinSize, 1.0f, 20.0f, "%.0f");
+
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Borders");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("WindowBorderSize", &style.WindowBorderSize, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("ChildBorderSize", &style.ChildBorderSize, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("PopupBorderSize", &style.PopupBorderSize, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("FrameBorderSize", &style.FrameBorderSize, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("TabBorderSize", &style.TabBorderSize, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.0f");
+
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Rounding");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("WindowRounding", &style.WindowRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("ChildRounding", &style.ChildRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("FrameRounding", &style.FrameRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("PopupRounding", &style.PopupRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("ScrollbarRounding", &style.ScrollbarRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("GrabRounding", &style.GrabRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("TabRounding", &style.TabRounding, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Widgets");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("WindowTitleAlign", (float*)&style.WindowTitleAlign, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.2f");
+            int window_menu_button_position = style.WindowMenuButtonPosition + 1;
+            if (ImGui::Combo("WindowMenuButtonPosition", (int*)&window_menu_button_position, "None\0Left\0Right\0"))
+                style.WindowMenuButtonPosition = window_menu_button_position - 1;
+            ImGui::Combo("ColorButtonPosition", (int*)&style.ColorButtonPosition, "Left\0Right\0");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("ButtonTextAlign", (float*)&style.ButtonTextAlign, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.2f");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Alignment applies when a button is larger than its text content.");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("SelectableTextAlign", (float*)&style.SelectableTextAlign, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.2f");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Alignment applies when a selectable is larger than its text content.");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("SeparatorTextBorderSize", &style.SeparatorTextBorderSize, 0.0f, 10.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("SeparatorTextAlign", (float*)&style.SeparatorTextAlign, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.2f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("SeparatorTextPadding", (float*)&style.SeparatorTextPadding, 0.0f, 40.0f, "%0.f");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("LogSliderDeadzone", &style.LogSliderDeadzone, 0.0f, 12.0f, "%.0f");
+
+            ImGui::SeparatorText("Misc");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat2("DisplaySafeAreaPadding", (float*)&style.DisplaySafeAreaPadding, 0.0f, 30.0f, "%.0f"); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Adjust if you cannot see the edges of your screen (e.g. on a TV where scaling has not been configured).");
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Colors"))
+        {
+            static int output_dest = 0;
+            static bool output_only_modified = true;
+            if (ImGui::Button("Export"))
+            {
+                if (output_dest == 0)
+                    ImGui::LogToClipboard();
+                else
+                    ImGui::LogToTTY();
+                ImGui::LogText("ImVec4* colors = ImGui::GetStyle().Colors;" IM_NEWLINE);
+                for (int i = 0; i < ImGuiCol_COUNT; i++)
+                {
+                    const ImVec4& col = style.Colors[i];
+                    const char* name = ImGui::GetStyleColorName(i);
+                    if (!output_only_modified || memcmp(&col, &ref->Colors[i], sizeof(ImVec4)) != 0)
+                        ImGui::LogText("colors[ImGuiCol_%s]%*s= ImVec4(%.2ff, %.2ff, %.2ff, %.2ff);" IM_NEWLINE,
+                            name, 23 - (int)strlen(name), "", col.x, col.y, col.z, col.w);
+                }
+                ImGui::LogFinish();
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(120); ImGui::Combo("##output_type", &output_dest, "To Clipboard\0To TTY\0");
+            ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::Checkbox("Only Modified Colors", &output_only_modified);
+
+            static ImGuiTextFilter filter;
+            filter.Draw("Filter colors", ImGui::GetFontSize() * 16);
+
+            static ImGuiColorEditFlags alpha_flags = 0;
+            if (ImGui::RadioButton("Opaque", alpha_flags == ImGuiColorEditFlags_None))             { alpha_flags = ImGuiColorEditFlags_None; } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::RadioButton("Alpha",  alpha_flags == ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview))     { alpha_flags = ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview; } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::RadioButton("Both",   alpha_flags == ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf)) { alpha_flags = ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf; } ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker(
+                "In the color list:\n"
+                "Left-click on color square to open color picker,\n"
+                "Right-click to open edit options menu.");
+
+            ImGui::BeginChild("##colors", ImVec2(0, 0), true, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysVerticalScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysHorizontalScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened);
+            ImGui::PushItemWidth(-160);
+            for (int i = 0; i < ImGuiCol_COUNT; i++)
+            {
+                const char* name = ImGui::GetStyleColorName(i);
+                if (!filter.PassFilter(name))
+                    continue;
+                ImGui::PushID(i);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit4("##color", (float*)&style.Colors[i], ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar | alpha_flags);
+                if (memcmp(&style.Colors[i], &ref->Colors[i], sizeof(ImVec4)) != 0)
+                {
+                    // Tips: in a real user application, you may want to merge and use an icon font into the main font,
+                    // so instead of "Save"/"Revert" you'd use icons!
+                    // Read the FAQ and docs/FONTS.md about using icon fonts. It's really easy and super convenient!
+                    ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x); if (ImGui::Button("Save")) { ref->Colors[i] = style.Colors[i]; }
+                    ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x); if (ImGui::Button("Revert")) { style.Colors[i] = ref->Colors[i]; }
+                }
+                ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted(name);
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Fonts"))
+        {
+            ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+            ImFontAtlas* atlas = io.Fonts;
+            HelpMarker("Read FAQ and docs/FONTS.md for details on font loading.");
+            ImGui::ShowFontAtlas(atlas);
+
+            // Post-baking font scaling. Note that this is NOT the nice way of scaling fonts, read below.
+            // (we enforce hard clamping manually as by default DragFloat/SliderFloat allows CTRL+Click text to get out of bounds).
+            const float MIN_SCALE = 0.3f;
+            const float MAX_SCALE = 2.0f;
+            HelpMarker(
+                "Those are old settings provided for convenience.\n"
+                "However, the _correct_ way of scaling your UI is currently to reload your font at the designed size, "
+                "rebuild the font atlas, and call style.ScaleAllSizes() on a reference ImGuiStyle structure.\n"
+                "Using those settings here will give you poor quality results.");
+            static float window_scale = 1.0f;
+            ImGui::PushItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 8);
+            if (ImGui::DragFloat("window scale", &window_scale, 0.005f, MIN_SCALE, MAX_SCALE, "%.2f", ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp)) // Scale only this window
+                ImGui::SetWindowFontScale(window_scale);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("global scale", &io.FontGlobalScale, 0.005f, MIN_SCALE, MAX_SCALE, "%.2f", ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp); // Scale everything
+            ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Rendering"))
+        {
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Anti-aliased lines", &style.AntiAliasedLines);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker("When disabling anti-aliasing lines, you'll probably want to disable borders in your style as well.");
+
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Anti-aliased lines use texture", &style.AntiAliasedLinesUseTex);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker("Faster lines using texture data. Require backend to render with bilinear filtering (not point/nearest filtering).");
+
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Anti-aliased fill", &style.AntiAliasedFill);
+            ImGui::PushItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 8);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Curve Tessellation Tolerance", &style.CurveTessellationTol, 0.02f, 0.10f, 10.0f, "%.2f");
+            if (style.CurveTessellationTol < 0.10f) style.CurveTessellationTol = 0.10f;
+
+            // When editing the "Circle Segment Max Error" value, draw a preview of its effect on auto-tessellated circles.
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Circle Tessellation Max Error", &style.CircleTessellationMaxError , 0.005f, 0.10f, 5.0f, "%.2f", ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+            const bool show_samples = ImGui::IsItemActive();
+            if (show_samples)
+                ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos());
+            if (show_samples && ImGui::BeginTooltip())
+            {
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("(R = radius, N = number of segments)");
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImDrawList* draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+                const float min_widget_width = ImGui::CalcTextSize("N: MMM\nR: MMM").x;
+                for (int n = 0; n < 8; n++)
+                {
+                    const float RAD_MIN = 5.0f;
+                    const float RAD_MAX = 70.0f;
+                    const float rad = RAD_MIN + (RAD_MAX - RAD_MIN) * (float)n / (8.0f - 1.0f);
+
+                    ImGui::BeginGroup();
+
+                    ImGui::Text("R: %.f\nN: %d", rad, draw_list->_CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(rad));
+
+                    const float canvas_width = IM_MAX(min_widget_width, rad * 2.0f);
+                    const float offset_x     = floorf(canvas_width * 0.5f);
+                    const float offset_y     = floorf(RAD_MAX);
+
+                    const ImVec2 p1 = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                    draw_list->AddCircle(ImVec2(p1.x + offset_x, p1.y + offset_y), rad, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text));
+                    ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(canvas_width, RAD_MAX * 2));
+
+                    /*
+                    const ImVec2 p2 = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                    draw_list->AddCircleFilled(ImVec2(p2.x + offset_x, p2.y + offset_y), rad, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text));
+                    ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(canvas_width, RAD_MAX * 2));
+                    */
+
+                    ImGui::EndGroup();
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTooltip();
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            HelpMarker("When drawing circle primitives with \"num_segments == 0\" tesselation will be calculated automatically.");
+
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Global Alpha", &style.Alpha, 0.005f, 0.20f, 1.0f, "%.2f"); // Not exposing zero here so user doesn't "lose" the UI (zero alpha clips all widgets). But application code could have a toggle to switch between zero and non-zero.
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Disabled Alpha", &style.DisabledAlpha, 0.005f, 0.0f, 1.0f, "%.2f"); ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("Additional alpha multiplier for disabled items (multiply over current value of Alpha).");
+            ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndTabBar();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] User Guide / ShowUserGuide()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::ShowUserGuide()
+{
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    ImGui::BulletText("Double-click on title bar to collapse window.");
+    ImGui::BulletText(
+        "Click and drag on lower corner to resize window\n"
+        "(double-click to auto fit window to its contents).");
+    ImGui::BulletText("CTRL+Click on a slider or drag box to input value as text.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("TAB/SHIFT+TAB to cycle through keyboard editable fields.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("CTRL+Tab to select a window.");
+    if (io.FontAllowUserScaling)
+        ImGui::BulletText("CTRL+Mouse Wheel to zoom window contents.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("While inputing text:\n");
+    ImGui::Indent();
+    ImGui::BulletText("CTRL+Left/Right to word jump.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("CTRL+A or double-click to select all.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("CTRL+X/C/V to use clipboard cut/copy/paste.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("CTRL+Z,CTRL+Y to undo/redo.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("ESCAPE to revert.");
+    ImGui::Unindent();
+    ImGui::BulletText("With keyboard navigation enabled:");
+    ImGui::Indent();
+    ImGui::BulletText("Arrow keys to navigate.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("Space to activate a widget.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("Return to input text into a widget.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("Escape to deactivate a widget, close popup, exit child window.");
+    ImGui::BulletText("Alt to jump to the menu layer of a window.");
+    ImGui::Unindent();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Main Menu Bar / ShowExampleAppMainMenuBar()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ShowExampleAppMainMenuBar()
+// - ShowExampleMenuFile()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate creating a "main" fullscreen menu bar and populating it.
+// Note the difference between BeginMainMenuBar() and BeginMenuBar():
+// - BeginMenuBar() = menu-bar inside current window (which needs the ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar flag!)
+// - BeginMainMenuBar() = helper to create menu-bar-sized window at the top of the main viewport + call BeginMenuBar() into it.
+static void ShowExampleAppMainMenuBar()
+{
+    if (ImGui::BeginMainMenuBar())
+    {
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("File"))
+        {
+            ShowExampleMenuFile();
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Edit"))
+        {
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Undo", "CTRL+Z")) {}
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Redo", "CTRL+Y", false, false)) {}  // Disabled item
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Cut", "CTRL+X")) {}
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Copy", "CTRL+C")) {}
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Paste", "CTRL+V")) {}
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
+    }
+}
+
+// Note that shortcuts are currently provided for display only
+// (future version will add explicit flags to BeginMenu() to request processing shortcuts)
+static void ShowExampleMenuFile()
+{
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Menu");
+    ImGui::MenuItem("(demo menu)", NULL, false, false);
+    if (ImGui::MenuItem("New")) {}
+    if (ImGui::MenuItem("Open", "Ctrl+O")) {}
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Open Recent"))
+    {
+        ImGui::MenuItem("fish_hat.c");
+        ImGui::MenuItem("fish_hat.inl");
+        ImGui::MenuItem("fish_hat.h");
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("More.."))
+        {
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Hello");
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Sailor");
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Recurse.."))
+            {
+                ShowExampleMenuFile();
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndMenu();
+    }
+    if (ImGui::MenuItem("Save", "Ctrl+S")) {}
+    if (ImGui::MenuItem("Save As..")) {}
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Menu/Options");
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Options"))
+    {
+        static bool enabled = true;
+        ImGui::MenuItem("Enabled", "", &enabled);
+        ImGui::BeginChild("child", ImVec2(0, 60), true);
+        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
+            ImGui::Text("Scrolling Text %d", i);
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+        static float f = 0.5f;
+        static int n = 0;
+        ImGui::SliderFloat("Value", &f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        ImGui::InputFloat("Input", &f, 0.1f);
+        ImGui::Combo("Combo", &n, "Yes\0No\0Maybe\0\0");
+        ImGui::EndMenu();
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Menu/Colors");
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Colors"))
+    {
+        float sz = ImGui::GetTextLineHeight();
+        for (int i = 0; i < ImGuiCol_COUNT; i++)
+        {
+            const char* name = ImGui::GetStyleColorName((ImGuiCol)i);
+            ImVec2 p = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+            ImGui::GetWindowDrawList()->AddRectFilled(p, ImVec2(p.x + sz, p.y + sz), ImGui::GetColorU32((ImGuiCol)i));
+            ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(sz, sz));
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::MenuItem(name);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndMenu();
+    }
+
+    // Here we demonstrate appending again to the "Options" menu (which we already created above)
+    // Of course in this demo it is a little bit silly that this function calls BeginMenu("Options") twice.
+    // In a real code-base using it would make senses to use this feature from very different code locations.
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Options")) // <-- Append!
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Menu/Append to an existing menu");
+        static bool b = true;
+        ImGui::Checkbox("SomeOption", &b);
+        ImGui::EndMenu();
+    }
+
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Disabled", false)) // Disabled
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+    if (ImGui::MenuItem("Checked", NULL, true)) {}
+    ImGui::Separator();
+    if (ImGui::MenuItem("Quit", "Alt+F4")) {}
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Debug Console / ShowExampleAppConsole()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate creating a simple console window, with scrolling, filtering, completion and history.
+// For the console example, we are using a more C++ like approach of declaring a class to hold both data and functions.
+struct ExampleAppConsole
+{
+    char                  InputBuf[256];
+    ImVector<char*>       Items;
+    ImVector<const char*> Commands;
+    ImVector<char*>       History;
+    int                   HistoryPos;    // -1: new line, 0..History.Size-1 browsing history.
+    ImGuiTextFilter       Filter;
+    bool                  AutoScroll;
+    bool                  ScrollToBottom;
+
+    ExampleAppConsole()
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Console");
+        ClearLog();
+        memset(InputBuf, 0, sizeof(InputBuf));
+        HistoryPos = -1;
+
+        // "CLASSIFY" is here to provide the test case where "C"+[tab] completes to "CL" and display multiple matches.
+        Commands.push_back("HELP");
+        Commands.push_back("HISTORY");
+        Commands.push_back("CLEAR");
+        Commands.push_back("CLASSIFY");
+        AutoScroll = true;
+        ScrollToBottom = false;
+        AddLog("Welcome to Dear ImGui!");
+    }
+    ~ExampleAppConsole()
+    {
+        ClearLog();
+        for (int i = 0; i < History.Size; i++)
+            free(History[i]);
+    }
+
+    // Portable helpers
+    static int   Stricmp(const char* s1, const char* s2)         { int d; while ((d = toupper(*s2) - toupper(*s1)) == 0 && *s1) { s1++; s2++; } return d; }
+    static int   Strnicmp(const char* s1, const char* s2, int n) { int d = 0; while (n > 0 && (d = toupper(*s2) - toupper(*s1)) == 0 && *s1) { s1++; s2++; n--; } return d; }
+    static char* Strdup(const char* s)                           { IM_ASSERT(s); size_t len = strlen(s) + 1; void* buf = malloc(len); IM_ASSERT(buf); return (char*)memcpy(buf, (const void*)s, len); }
+    static void  Strtrim(char* s)                                { char* str_end = s + strlen(s); while (str_end > s && str_end[-1] == ' ') str_end--; *str_end = 0; }
+
+    void    ClearLog()
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < Items.Size; i++)
+            free(Items[i]);
+        Items.clear();
+    }
+
+    void    AddLog(const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(2)
+    {
+        // FIXME-OPT
+        char buf[1024];
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, fmt);
+        vsnprintf(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), fmt, args);
+        buf[IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf)-1] = 0;
+        va_end(args);
+        Items.push_back(Strdup(buf));
+    }
+
+    void    Draw(const char* title, bool* p_open)
+    {
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(520, 600), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+        if (!ImGui::Begin(title, p_open))
+        {
+            ImGui::End();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // As a specific feature guaranteed by the library, after calling Begin() the last Item represent the title bar.
+        // So e.g. IsItemHovered() will return true when hovering the title bar.
+        // Here we create a context menu only available from the title bar.
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem())
+        {
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Close Console"))
+                *p_open = false;
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TextWrapped(
+            "This example implements a console with basic coloring, completion (TAB key) and history (Up/Down keys). A more elaborate "
+            "implementation may want to store entries along with extra data such as timestamp, emitter, etc.");
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("Enter 'HELP' for help.");
+
+        // TODO: display items starting from the bottom
+
+        if (ImGui::SmallButton("Add Debug Text"))  { AddLog("%d some text", Items.Size); AddLog("some more text"); AddLog("display very important message here!"); }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::SmallButton("Add Debug Error")) { AddLog("[error] something went wrong"); }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::SmallButton("Clear"))           { ClearLog(); }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        bool copy_to_clipboard = ImGui::SmallButton("Copy");
+        //static float t = 0.0f; if (ImGui::GetTime() - t > 0.02f) { t = ImGui::GetTime(); AddLog("Spam %f", t); }
+
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // Options menu
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopup("Options"))
+        {
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Auto-scroll", &AutoScroll);
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        // Options, Filter
+        if (ImGui::Button("Options"))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Options");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        Filter.Draw("Filter (\"incl,-excl\") (\"error\")", 180);
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // Reserve enough left-over height for 1 separator + 1 input text
+        const float footer_height_to_reserve = ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y + ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing();
+        if (ImGui::BeginChild("ScrollingRegion", ImVec2(0, -footer_height_to_reserve), false, ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar))
+        {
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextWindow())
+            {
+                if (ImGui::Selectable("Clear")) ClearLog();
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+
+            // Display every line as a separate entry so we can change their color or add custom widgets.
+            // If you only want raw text you can use ImGui::TextUnformatted(log.begin(), log.end());
+            // NB- if you have thousands of entries this approach may be too inefficient and may require user-side clipping
+            // to only process visible items. The clipper will automatically measure the height of your first item and then
+            // "seek" to display only items in the visible area.
+            // To use the clipper we can replace your standard loop:
+            //      for (int i = 0; i < Items.Size; i++)
+            //   With:
+            //      ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+            //      clipper.Begin(Items.Size);
+            //      while (clipper.Step())
+            //         for (int i = clipper.DisplayStart; i < clipper.DisplayEnd; i++)
+            // - That your items are evenly spaced (same height)
+            // - That you have cheap random access to your elements (you can access them given their index,
+            //   without processing all the ones before)
+            // You cannot this code as-is if a filter is active because it breaks the 'cheap random-access' property.
+            // We would need random-access on the post-filtered list.
+            // A typical application wanting coarse clipping and filtering may want to pre-compute an array of indices
+            // or offsets of items that passed the filtering test, recomputing this array when user changes the filter,
+            // and appending newly elements as they are inserted. This is left as a task to the user until we can manage
+            // to improve this example code!
+            // If your items are of variable height:
+            // - Split them into same height items would be simpler and facilitate random-seeking into your list.
+            // - Consider using manual call to IsRectVisible() and skipping extraneous decoration from your items.
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(4, 1)); // Tighten spacing
+            if (copy_to_clipboard)
+                ImGui::LogToClipboard();
+            for (int i = 0; i < Items.Size; i++)
+            {
+                const char* item = Items[i];
+                if (!Filter.PassFilter(item))
+                    continue;
+
+                // Normally you would store more information in your item than just a string.
+                // (e.g. make Items[] an array of structure, store color/type etc.)
+                ImVec4 color;
+                bool has_color = false;
+                if (strstr(item, "[error]")) { color = ImVec4(1.0f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f); has_color = true; }
+                else if (strncmp(item, "# ", 2) == 0) { color = ImVec4(1.0f, 0.8f, 0.6f, 1.0f); has_color = true; }
+                if (has_color)
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, color);
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted(item);
+                if (has_color)
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            }
+            if (copy_to_clipboard)
+                ImGui::LogFinish();
+
+            // Keep up at the bottom of the scroll region if we were already at the bottom at the beginning of the frame.
+            // Using a scrollbar or mouse-wheel will take away from the bottom edge.
+            if (ScrollToBottom || (AutoScroll && ImGui::GetScrollY() >= ImGui::GetScrollMaxY()))
+                ImGui::SetScrollHereY(1.0f);
+            ScrollToBottom = false;
+
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // Command-line
+        bool reclaim_focus = false;
+        ImGuiInputTextFlags input_text_flags = ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue | ImGuiInputTextFlags_EscapeClearsAll | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory;
+        if (ImGui::InputText("Input", InputBuf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(InputBuf), input_text_flags, &TextEditCallbackStub, (void*)this))
+        {
+            char* s = InputBuf;
+            Strtrim(s);
+            if (s[0])
+                ExecCommand(s);
+            strcpy(s, "");
+            reclaim_focus = true;
+        }
+
+        // Auto-focus on window apparition
+        ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+        if (reclaim_focus)
+            ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere(-1); // Auto focus previous widget
+
+        ImGui::End();
+    }
+
+    void    ExecCommand(const char* command_line)
+    {
+        AddLog("# %s\n", command_line);
+
+        // Insert into history. First find match and delete it so it can be pushed to the back.
+        // This isn't trying to be smart or optimal.
+        HistoryPos = -1;
+        for (int i = History.Size - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+            if (Stricmp(History[i], command_line) == 0)
+            {
+                free(History[i]);
+                History.erase(History.begin() + i);
+                break;
+            }
+        History.push_back(Strdup(command_line));
+
+        // Process command
+        if (Stricmp(command_line, "CLEAR") == 0)
+        {
+            ClearLog();
+        }
+        else if (Stricmp(command_line, "HELP") == 0)
+        {
+            AddLog("Commands:");
+            for (int i = 0; i < Commands.Size; i++)
+                AddLog("- %s", Commands[i]);
+        }
+        else if (Stricmp(command_line, "HISTORY") == 0)
+        {
+            int first = History.Size - 10;
+            for (int i = first > 0 ? first : 0; i < History.Size; i++)
+                AddLog("%3d: %s\n", i, History[i]);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            AddLog("Unknown command: '%s'\n", command_line);
+        }
+
+        // On command input, we scroll to bottom even if AutoScroll==false
+        ScrollToBottom = true;
+    }
+
+    // In C++11 you'd be better off using lambdas for this sort of forwarding callbacks
+    static int TextEditCallbackStub(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data)
+    {
+        ExampleAppConsole* console = (ExampleAppConsole*)data->UserData;
+        return console->TextEditCallback(data);
+    }
+
+    int     TextEditCallback(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data)
+    {
+        //AddLog("cursor: %d, selection: %d-%d", data->CursorPos, data->SelectionStart, data->SelectionEnd);
+        switch (data->EventFlag)
+        {
+        case ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion:
+            {
+                // Example of TEXT COMPLETION
+
+                // Locate beginning of current word
+                const char* word_end = data->Buf + data->CursorPos;
+                const char* word_start = word_end;
+                while (word_start > data->Buf)
+                {
+                    const char c = word_start[-1];
+                    if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == ',' || c == ';')
+                        break;
+                    word_start--;
+                }
+
+                // Build a list of candidates
+                ImVector<const char*> candidates;
+                for (int i = 0; i < Commands.Size; i++)
+                    if (Strnicmp(Commands[i], word_start, (int)(word_end - word_start)) == 0)
+                        candidates.push_back(Commands[i]);
+
+                if (candidates.Size == 0)
+                {
+                    // No match
+                    AddLog("No match for \"%.*s\"!\n", (int)(word_end - word_start), word_start);
+                }
+                else if (candidates.Size == 1)
+                {
+                    // Single match. Delete the beginning of the word and replace it entirely so we've got nice casing.
+                    data->DeleteChars((int)(word_start - data->Buf), (int)(word_end - word_start));
+                    data->InsertChars(data->CursorPos, candidates[0]);
+                    data->InsertChars(data->CursorPos, " ");
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Multiple matches. Complete as much as we can..
+                    // So inputing "C"+Tab will complete to "CL" then display "CLEAR" and "CLASSIFY" as matches.
+                    int match_len = (int)(word_end - word_start);
+                    for (;;)
+                    {
+                        int c = 0;
+                        bool all_candidates_matches = true;
+                        for (int i = 0; i < candidates.Size && all_candidates_matches; i++)
+                            if (i == 0)
+                                c = toupper(candidates[i][match_len]);
+                            else if (c == 0 || c != toupper(candidates[i][match_len]))
+                                all_candidates_matches = false;
+                        if (!all_candidates_matches)
+                            break;
+                        match_len++;
+                    }
+
+                    if (match_len > 0)
+                    {
+                        data->DeleteChars((int)(word_start - data->Buf), (int)(word_end - word_start));
+                        data->InsertChars(data->CursorPos, candidates[0], candidates[0] + match_len);
+                    }
+
+                    // List matches
+                    AddLog("Possible matches:\n");
+                    for (int i = 0; i < candidates.Size; i++)
+                        AddLog("- %s\n", candidates[i]);
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+        case ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory:
+            {
+                // Example of HISTORY
+                const int prev_history_pos = HistoryPos;
+                if (data->EventKey == ImGuiKey_UpArrow)
+                {
+                    if (HistoryPos == -1)
+                        HistoryPos = History.Size - 1;
+                    else if (HistoryPos > 0)
+                        HistoryPos--;
+                }
+                else if (data->EventKey == ImGuiKey_DownArrow)
+                {
+                    if (HistoryPos != -1)
+                        if (++HistoryPos >= History.Size)
+                            HistoryPos = -1;
+                }
+
+                // A better implementation would preserve the data on the current input line along with cursor position.
+                if (prev_history_pos != HistoryPos)
+                {
+                    const char* history_str = (HistoryPos >= 0) ? History[HistoryPos] : "";
+                    data->DeleteChars(0, data->BufTextLen);
+                    data->InsertChars(0, history_str);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+};
+
+static void ShowExampleAppConsole(bool* p_open)
+{
+    static ExampleAppConsole console;
+    console.Draw("Example: Console", p_open);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Debug Log / ShowExampleAppLog()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Usage:
+//  static ExampleAppLog my_log;
+//  my_log.AddLog("Hello %d world\n", 123);
+//  my_log.Draw("title");
+struct ExampleAppLog
+{
+    ImGuiTextBuffer     Buf;
+    ImGuiTextFilter     Filter;
+    ImVector<int>       LineOffsets; // Index to lines offset. We maintain this with AddLog() calls.
+    bool                AutoScroll;  // Keep scrolling if already at the bottom.
+
+    ExampleAppLog()
+    {
+        AutoScroll = true;
+        Clear();
+    }
+
+    void    Clear()
+    {
+        Buf.clear();
+        LineOffsets.clear();
+        LineOffsets.push_back(0);
+    }
+
+    void    AddLog(const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(2)
+    {
+        int old_size = Buf.size();
+        va_list args;
+        va_start(args, fmt);
+        Buf.appendfv(fmt, args);
+        va_end(args);
+        for (int new_size = Buf.size(); old_size < new_size; old_size++)
+            if (Buf[old_size] == '\n')
+                LineOffsets.push_back(old_size + 1);
+    }
+
+    void    Draw(const char* title, bool* p_open = NULL)
+    {
+        if (!ImGui::Begin(title, p_open))
+        {
+            ImGui::End();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Options menu
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopup("Options"))
+        {
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Auto-scroll", &AutoScroll);
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        // Main window
+        if (ImGui::Button("Options"))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Options");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        bool clear = ImGui::Button("Clear");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        bool copy = ImGui::Button("Copy");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        Filter.Draw("Filter", -100.0f);
+
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginChild("scrolling", ImVec2(0, 0), false, ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar))
+        {
+            if (clear)
+                Clear();
+            if (copy)
+                ImGui::LogToClipboard();
+
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0, 0));
+            const char* buf = Buf.begin();
+            const char* buf_end = Buf.end();
+            if (Filter.IsActive())
+            {
+                // In this example we don't use the clipper when Filter is enabled.
+                // This is because we don't have random access to the result of our filter.
+                // A real application processing logs with ten of thousands of entries may want to store the result of
+                // search/filter.. especially if the filtering function is not trivial (e.g. reg-exp).
+                for (int line_no = 0; line_no < LineOffsets.Size; line_no++)
+                {
+                    const char* line_start = buf + LineOffsets[line_no];
+                    const char* line_end = (line_no + 1 < LineOffsets.Size) ? (buf + LineOffsets[line_no + 1] - 1) : buf_end;
+                    if (Filter.PassFilter(line_start, line_end))
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(line_start, line_end);
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // The simplest and easy way to display the entire buffer:
+                //   ImGui::TextUnformatted(buf_begin, buf_end);
+                // And it'll just work. TextUnformatted() has specialization for large blob of text and will fast-forward
+                // to skip non-visible lines. Here we instead demonstrate using the clipper to only process lines that are
+                // within the visible area.
+                // If you have tens of thousands of items and their processing cost is non-negligible, coarse clipping them
+                // on your side is recommended. Using ImGuiListClipper requires
+                // - A) random access into your data
+                // - B) items all being the  same height,
+                // both of which we can handle since we have an array pointing to the beginning of each line of text.
+                // When using the filter (in the block of code above) we don't have random access into the data to display
+                // anymore, which is why we don't use the clipper. Storing or skimming through the search result would make
+                // it possible (and would be recommended if you want to search through tens of thousands of entries).
+                ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+                clipper.Begin(LineOffsets.Size);
+                while (clipper.Step())
+                {
+                    for (int line_no = clipper.DisplayStart; line_no < clipper.DisplayEnd; line_no++)
+                    {
+                        const char* line_start = buf + LineOffsets[line_no];
+                        const char* line_end = (line_no + 1 < LineOffsets.Size) ? (buf + LineOffsets[line_no + 1] - 1) : buf_end;
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(line_start, line_end);
+                    }
+                }
+                clipper.End();
+            }
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+
+            // Keep up at the bottom of the scroll region if we were already at the bottom at the beginning of the frame.
+            // Using a scrollbar or mouse-wheel will take away from the bottom edge.
+            if (AutoScroll && ImGui::GetScrollY() >= ImGui::GetScrollMaxY())
+                ImGui::SetScrollHereY(1.0f);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+        ImGui::End();
+    }
+};
+
+// Demonstrate creating a simple log window with basic filtering.
+static void ShowExampleAppLog(bool* p_open)
+{
+    static ExampleAppLog log;
+
+    // For the demo: add a debug button _BEFORE_ the normal log window contents
+    // We take advantage of a rarely used feature: multiple calls to Begin()/End() are appending to the _same_ window.
+    // Most of the contents of the window will be added by the log.Draw() call.
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(500, 400), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    ImGui::Begin("Example: Log", p_open);
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Log");
+    if (ImGui::SmallButton("[Debug] Add 5 entries"))
+    {
+        static int counter = 0;
+        const char* categories[3] = { "info", "warn", "error" };
+        const char* words[] = { "Bumfuzzled", "Cattywampus", "Snickersnee", "Abibliophobia", "Absquatulate", "Nincompoop", "Pauciloquent" };
+        for (int n = 0; n < 5; n++)
+        {
+            const char* category = categories[counter % IM_ARRAYSIZE(categories)];
+            const char* word = words[counter % IM_ARRAYSIZE(words)];
+            log.AddLog("[%05d] [%s] Hello, current time is %.1f, here's a word: '%s'\n",
+                ImGui::GetFrameCount(), category, ImGui::GetTime(), word);
+            counter++;
+        }
+    }
+    ImGui::End();
+
+    // Actually call in the regular Log helper (which will Begin() into the same window as we just did)
+    log.Draw("Example: Log", p_open);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Simple Layout / ShowExampleAppLayout()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate create a window with multiple child windows.
+static void ShowExampleAppLayout(bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(500, 440), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    if (ImGui::Begin("Example: Simple layout", p_open, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar))
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Simple layout");
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+        {
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenu("File"))
+            {
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Close", "Ctrl+W")) { *p_open = false; }
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+        }
+
+        // Left
+        static int selected = 0;
+        {
+            ImGui::BeginChild("left pane", ImVec2(150, 0), true);
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            {
+                // FIXME: Good candidate to use ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnNav
+                char label[128];
+                sprintf(label, "MyObject %d", i);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(label, selected == i))
+                    selected = i;
+            }
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+
+        // Right
+        {
+            ImGui::BeginGroup();
+            ImGui::BeginChild("item view", ImVec2(0, -ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing())); // Leave room for 1 line below us
+            ImGui::Text("MyObject: %d", selected);
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("##Tabs", ImGuiTabBarFlags_None))
+            {
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Description"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::TextWrapped("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. ");
+                    ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Details"))
+                {
+                    ImGui::Text("ID: 0123456789");
+                    ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTabBar();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Revert")) {}
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Save")) {}
+            ImGui::EndGroup();
+        }
+    }
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Property Editor / ShowExampleAppPropertyEditor()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static void ShowPlaceholderObject(const char* prefix, int uid)
+{
+    // Use object uid as identifier. Most commonly you could also use the object pointer as a base ID.
+    ImGui::PushID(uid);
+
+    // Text and Tree nodes are less high than framed widgets, using AlignTextToFramePadding() we add vertical spacing to make the tree lines equal high.
+    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(0);
+    ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+    bool node_open = ImGui::TreeNode("Object", "%s_%u", prefix, uid);
+    ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(1);
+    ImGui::Text("my sailor is rich");
+
+    if (node_open)
+    {
+        static float placeholder_members[8] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 3.1416f, 100.0f, 999.0f };
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++)
+        {
+            ImGui::PushID(i); // Use field index as identifier.
+            if (i < 2)
+            {
+                ShowPlaceholderObject("Child", 424242);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Here we use a TreeNode to highlight on hover (we could use e.g. Selectable as well)
+                ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(0);
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Bullet;
+                ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Field", flags, "Field_%d", i);
+
+                ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(1);
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN);
+                if (i >= 5)
+                    ImGui::InputFloat("##value", &placeholder_members[i], 1.0f);
+                else
+                    ImGui::DragFloat("##value", &placeholder_members[i], 0.01f);
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+            }
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+        ImGui::TreePop();
+    }
+    ImGui::PopID();
+}
+
+// Demonstrate create a simple property editor.
+static void ShowExampleAppPropertyEditor(bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(430, 450), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("Example: Property editor", p_open))
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Property Editor");
+
+    HelpMarker(
+        "This example shows how you may implement a property editor using two columns.\n"
+        "All objects/fields data are dummies here.\n"
+        "Remember that in many simple cases, you can use ImGui::SameLine(xxx) to position\n"
+        "your cursor horizontally instead of using the Columns() API.");
+
+    ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(2, 2));
+    if (ImGui::BeginTable("split", 2, ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter | ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable))
+    {
+        // Iterate placeholder objects (all the same data)
+        for (int obj_i = 0; obj_i < 4; obj_i++)
+        {
+            ShowPlaceholderObject("Object", obj_i);
+            //ImGui::Separator();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndTable();
+    }
+    ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Long Text / ShowExampleAppLongText()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate/test rendering huge amount of text, and the incidence of clipping.
+static void ShowExampleAppLongText(bool* p_open)
+{
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(520, 600), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("Example: Long text display", p_open))
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Long text display");
+
+    static int test_type = 0;
+    static ImGuiTextBuffer log;
+    static int lines = 0;
+    ImGui::Text("Printing unusually long amount of text.");
+    ImGui::Combo("Test type", &test_type,
+        "Single call to TextUnformatted()\0"
+        "Multiple calls to Text(), clipped\0"
+        "Multiple calls to Text(), not clipped (slow)\0");
+    ImGui::Text("Buffer contents: %d lines, %d bytes", lines, log.size());
+    if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) { log.clear(); lines = 0; }
+    ImGui::SameLine();
+    if (ImGui::Button("Add 1000 lines"))
+    {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
+            log.appendf("%i The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\n", lines + i);
+        lines += 1000;
+    }
+    ImGui::BeginChild("Log");
+    switch (test_type)
+    {
+    case 0:
+        // Single call to TextUnformatted() with a big buffer
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(log.begin(), log.end());
+        break;
+    case 1:
+        {
+            // Multiple calls to Text(), manually coarsely clipped - demonstrate how to use the ImGuiListClipper helper.
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0, 0));
+            ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+            clipper.Begin(lines);
+            while (clipper.Step())
+                for (int i = clipper.DisplayStart; i < clipper.DisplayEnd; i++)
+                    ImGui::Text("%i The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", i);
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            break;
+        }
+    case 2:
+        // Multiple calls to Text(), not clipped (slow)
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0, 0));
+        for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++)
+            ImGui::Text("%i The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog", i);
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+        break;
+    }
+    ImGui::EndChild();
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Auto Resize / ShowExampleAppAutoResize()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate creating a window which gets auto-resized according to its content.
+static void ShowExampleAppAutoResize(bool* p_open)
+{
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("Example: Auto-resizing window", p_open, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Auto-resizing window");
+
+    static int lines = 10;
+    ImGui::TextUnformatted(
+        "Window will resize every-frame to the size of its content.\n"
+        "Note that you probably don't want to query the window size to\n"
+        "output your content because that would create a feedback loop.");
+    ImGui::SliderInt("Number of lines", &lines, 1, 20);
+    for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++)
+        ImGui::Text("%*sThis is line %d", i * 4, "", i); // Pad with space to extend size horizontally
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Constrained Resize / ShowExampleAppConstrainedResize()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate creating a window with custom resize constraints.
+// Note that size constraints currently don't work on a docked window (when in 'docking' branch)
+static void ShowExampleAppConstrainedResize(bool* p_open)
+{
+    struct CustomConstraints
+    {
+        // Helper functions to demonstrate programmatic constraints
+        // FIXME: This doesn't take account of decoration size (e.g. title bar), library should make this easier.
+        static void AspectRatio(ImGuiSizeCallbackData* data)    { float aspect_ratio = *(float*)data->UserData; data->DesiredSize.x = IM_MAX(data->CurrentSize.x, data->CurrentSize.y); data->DesiredSize.y = (float)(int)(data->DesiredSize.x / aspect_ratio); }
+        static void Square(ImGuiSizeCallbackData* data)         { data->DesiredSize.x = data->DesiredSize.y = IM_MAX(data->CurrentSize.x, data->CurrentSize.y); }
+        static void Step(ImGuiSizeCallbackData* data)           { float step = *(float*)data->UserData; data->DesiredSize = ImVec2((int)(data->CurrentSize.x / step + 0.5f) * step, (int)(data->CurrentSize.y / step + 0.5f) * step); }
+    };
+
+    const char* test_desc[] =
+    {
+        "Between 100x100 and 500x500",
+        "At least 100x100",
+        "Resize vertical only",
+        "Resize horizontal only",
+        "Width Between 400 and 500",
+        "Custom: Aspect Ratio 16:9",
+        "Custom: Always Square",
+        "Custom: Fixed Steps (100)",
+    };
+
+    // Options
+    static bool auto_resize = false;
+    static bool window_padding = true;
+    static int type = 5; // Aspect Ratio
+    static int display_lines = 10;
+
+    // Submit constraint
+    float aspect_ratio = 16.0f / 9.0f;
+    float fixed_step = 100.0f;
+    if (type == 0) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(100, 100), ImVec2(500, 500));         // Between 100x100 and 500x500
+    if (type == 1) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(100, 100), ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX)); // Width > 100, Height > 100
+    if (type == 2) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(-1, 0),    ImVec2(-1, FLT_MAX));      // Vertical only
+    if (type == 3) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(0, -1),    ImVec2(FLT_MAX, -1));      // Horizontal only
+    if (type == 4) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(400, -1),  ImVec2(500, -1));          // Width Between and 400 and 500
+    if (type == 5) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(0, 0),     ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX), CustomConstraints::AspectRatio, (void*)&aspect_ratio);   // Aspect ratio
+    if (type == 6) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(0, 0),     ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX), CustomConstraints::Square);                              // Always Square
+    if (type == 7) ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(0, 0),     ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX), CustomConstraints::Step, (void*)&fixed_step);            // Fixed Step
+
+    // Submit window
+    if (!window_padding)
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    const ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = auto_resize ? ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize : 0;
+    const bool window_open = ImGui::Begin("Example: Constrained Resize", p_open, window_flags);
+    if (!window_padding)
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+    if (window_open)
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Constrained Resizing window");
+        if (ImGui::GetIO().KeyShift)
+        {
+            // Display a dummy viewport (in your real app you would likely use ImageButton() to display a texture.
+            ImVec2 avail_size = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail();
+            ImVec2 pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+            ImGui::ColorButton("viewport", ImVec4(0.5f, 0.2f, 0.5f, 1.0f), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoDragDrop, avail_size);
+            ImGui::SetCursorScreenPos(ImVec2(pos.x + 10, pos.y + 10));
+            ImGui::Text("%.2f x %.2f", avail_size.x, avail_size.y);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ImGui::Text("(Hold SHIFT to display a dummy viewport)");
+            if (ImGui::IsWindowDocked())
+                ImGui::Text("Warning: Sizing Constraints won't work if the window is docked!");
+            if (ImGui::Button("Set 200x200")) { ImGui::SetWindowSize(ImVec2(200, 200)); } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Set 500x500")) { ImGui::SetWindowSize(ImVec2(500, 500)); } ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Set 800x200")) { ImGui::SetWindowSize(ImVec2(800, 200)); }
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 20);
+            ImGui::Combo("Constraint", &type, test_desc, IM_ARRAYSIZE(test_desc));
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 20);
+            ImGui::DragInt("Lines", &display_lines, 0.2f, 1, 100);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Auto-resize", &auto_resize);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Window padding", &window_padding);
+            for (int i = 0; i < display_lines; i++)
+                ImGui::Text("%*sHello, sailor! Making this line long enough for the example.", i * 4, "");
+        }
+    }
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Simple overlay / ShowExampleAppSimpleOverlay()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate creating a simple static window with no decoration
+// + a context-menu to choose which corner of the screen to use.
+static void ShowExampleAppSimpleOverlay(bool* p_open)
+{
+    static int location = 0;
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNav;
+    if (location >= 0)
+    {
+        const float PAD = 10.0f;
+        const ImGuiViewport* viewport = ImGui::GetMainViewport();
+        ImVec2 work_pos = viewport->WorkPos; // Use work area to avoid menu-bar/task-bar, if any!
+        ImVec2 work_size = viewport->WorkSize;
+        ImVec2 window_pos, window_pos_pivot;
+        window_pos.x = (location & 1) ? (work_pos.x + work_size.x - PAD) : (work_pos.x + PAD);
+        window_pos.y = (location & 2) ? (work_pos.y + work_size.y - PAD) : (work_pos.y + PAD);
+        window_pos_pivot.x = (location & 1) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+        window_pos_pivot.y = (location & 2) ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(window_pos, ImGuiCond_Always, window_pos_pivot);
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowViewport(viewport->ID);
+        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove;
+    }
+    else if (location == -2)
+    {
+        // Center window
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImGui::GetMainViewport()->GetCenter(), ImGuiCond_Always, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove;
+    }
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowBgAlpha(0.35f); // Transparent background
+    if (ImGui::Begin("Example: Simple overlay", p_open, window_flags))
+    {
+        IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Simple Overlay");
+        ImGui::Text("Simple overlay\n" "(right-click to change position)");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        if (ImGui::IsMousePosValid())
+            ImGui::Text("Mouse Position: (%.1f,%.1f)", io.MousePos.x, io.MousePos.y);
+        else
+            ImGui::Text("Mouse Position: <invalid>");
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupContextWindow())
+        {
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Custom",       NULL, location == -1)) location = -1;
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Center",       NULL, location == -2)) location = -2;
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Top-left",     NULL, location == 0)) location = 0;
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Top-right",    NULL, location == 1)) location = 1;
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Bottom-left",  NULL, location == 2)) location = 2;
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Bottom-right", NULL, location == 3)) location = 3;
+            if (p_open && ImGui::MenuItem("Close")) *p_open = false;
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+    }
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Fullscreen window / ShowExampleAppFullscreen()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate creating a window covering the entire screen/viewport
+static void ShowExampleAppFullscreen(bool* p_open)
+{
+    static bool use_work_area = true;
+    static ImGuiWindowFlags flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings;
+
+    // We demonstrate using the full viewport area or the work area (without menu-bars, task-bars etc.)
+    // Based on your use case you may want one or the other.
+    const ImGuiViewport* viewport = ImGui::GetMainViewport();
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(use_work_area ? viewport->WorkPos : viewport->Pos);
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(use_work_area ? viewport->WorkSize : viewport->Size);
+
+    if (ImGui::Begin("Example: Fullscreen window", p_open, flags))
+    {
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Use work area instead of main area", &use_work_area);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        HelpMarker("Main Area = entire viewport,\nWork Area = entire viewport minus sections used by the main menu bars, task bars etc.\n\nEnable the main-menu bar in Examples menu to see the difference.");
+
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground", &flags, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration", &flags, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration);
+        ImGui::Indent();
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar", &flags, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse", &flags, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse);
+        ImGui::CheckboxFlags("ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar", &flags, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar);
+        ImGui::Unindent();
+
+        if (p_open && ImGui::Button("Close this window"))
+            *p_open = false;
+    }
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Manipulating Window Titles / ShowExampleAppWindowTitles()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate the use of "##" and "###" in identifiers to manipulate ID generation.
+// This applies to all regular items as well.
+// Read FAQ section "How can I have multiple widgets with the same label?" for details.
+static void ShowExampleAppWindowTitles(bool*)
+{
+    const ImGuiViewport* viewport = ImGui::GetMainViewport();
+    const ImVec2 base_pos = viewport->Pos;
+
+    // By default, Windows are uniquely identified by their title.
+    // You can use the "##" and "###" markers to manipulate the display/ID.
+
+    // Using "##" to display same title but have unique identifier.
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(base_pos.x + 100, base_pos.y + 100), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    ImGui::Begin("Same title as another window##1");
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Manipulating window titles");
+    ImGui::Text("This is window 1.\nMy title is the same as window 2, but my identifier is unique.");
+    ImGui::End();
+
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(base_pos.x + 100, base_pos.y + 200), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    ImGui::Begin("Same title as another window##2");
+    ImGui::Text("This is window 2.\nMy title is the same as window 1, but my identifier is unique.");
+    ImGui::End();
+
+    // Using "###" to display a changing title but keep a static identifier "AnimatedTitle"
+    char buf[128];
+    sprintf(buf, "Animated title %c %d###AnimatedTitle", "|/-\\"[(int)(ImGui::GetTime() / 0.25f) & 3], ImGui::GetFrameCount());
+    ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(ImVec2(base_pos.x + 100, base_pos.y + 300), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    ImGui::Begin(buf);
+    ImGui::Text("This window has a changing title.");
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Custom Rendering using ImDrawList API / ShowExampleAppCustomRendering()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate using the low-level ImDrawList to draw custom shapes.
+static void ShowExampleAppCustomRendering(bool* p_open)
+{
+    if (!ImGui::Begin("Example: Custom rendering", p_open))
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+    IMGUI_DEMO_MARKER("Examples/Custom Rendering");
+
+    // Tip: If you do a lot of custom rendering, you probably want to use your own geometrical types and benefit of
+    // overloaded operators, etc. Define IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA in imconfig.h to create implicit conversions between your
+    // types and ImVec2/ImVec4. Dear ImGui defines overloaded operators but they are internal to imgui.cpp and not
+    // exposed outside (to avoid messing with your types) In this example we are not using the maths operators!
+
+    if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("##TabBar"))
+    {
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Primitives"))
+        {
+            ImGui::PushItemWidth(-ImGui::GetFontSize() * 15);
+            ImDrawList* draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+
+            // Draw gradients
+            // (note that those are currently exacerbating our sRGB/Linear issues)
+            // Calling ImGui::GetColorU32() multiplies the given colors by the current Style Alpha, but you may pass the IM_COL32() directly as well..
+            ImGui::Text("Gradients");
+            ImVec2 gradient_size = ImVec2(ImGui::CalcItemWidth(), ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+            {
+                ImVec2 p0 = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                ImVec2 p1 = ImVec2(p0.x + gradient_size.x, p0.y + gradient_size.y);
+                ImU32 col_a = ImGui::GetColorU32(IM_COL32(0, 0, 0, 255));
+                ImU32 col_b = ImGui::GetColorU32(IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 255));
+                draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor(p0, p1, col_a, col_b, col_b, col_a);
+                ImGui::InvisibleButton("##gradient1", gradient_size);
+            }
+            {
+                ImVec2 p0 = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                ImVec2 p1 = ImVec2(p0.x + gradient_size.x, p0.y + gradient_size.y);
+                ImU32 col_a = ImGui::GetColorU32(IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255));
+                ImU32 col_b = ImGui::GetColorU32(IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255));
+                draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor(p0, p1, col_a, col_b, col_b, col_a);
+                ImGui::InvisibleButton("##gradient2", gradient_size);
+            }
+
+            // Draw a bunch of primitives
+            ImGui::Text("All primitives");
+            static float sz = 36.0f;
+            static float thickness = 3.0f;
+            static int ngon_sides = 6;
+            static bool circle_segments_override = false;
+            static int circle_segments_override_v = 12;
+            static bool curve_segments_override = false;
+            static int curve_segments_override_v = 8;
+            static ImVec4 colf = ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 0.4f, 1.0f);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Size", &sz, 0.2f, 2.0f, 100.0f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Thickness", &thickness, 0.05f, 1.0f, 8.0f, "%.02f");
+            ImGui::SliderInt("N-gon sides", &ngon_sides, 3, 12);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("##circlesegmentoverride", &circle_segments_override);
+            ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+            circle_segments_override |= ImGui::SliderInt("Circle segments override", &circle_segments_override_v, 3, 40);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("##curvessegmentoverride", &curve_segments_override);
+            ImGui::SameLine(0.0f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+            curve_segments_override |= ImGui::SliderInt("Curves segments override", &curve_segments_override_v, 3, 40);
+            ImGui::ColorEdit4("Color", &colf.x);
+
+            const ImVec2 p = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+            const ImU32 col = ImColor(colf);
+            const float spacing = 10.0f;
+            const ImDrawFlags corners_tl_br = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight;
+            const float rounding = sz / 5.0f;
+            const int circle_segments = circle_segments_override ? circle_segments_override_v : 0;
+            const int curve_segments = curve_segments_override ? curve_segments_override_v : 0;
+            float x = p.x + 4.0f;
+            float y = p.y + 4.0f;
+            for (int n = 0; n < 2; n++)
+            {
+                // First line uses a thickness of 1.0f, second line uses the configurable thickness
+                float th = (n == 0) ? 1.0f : thickness;
+                draw_list->AddNgon(ImVec2(x + sz*0.5f, y + sz*0.5f), sz*0.5f, col, ngon_sides, th);                 x += sz + spacing;  // N-gon
+                draw_list->AddCircle(ImVec2(x + sz*0.5f, y + sz*0.5f), sz*0.5f, col, circle_segments, th);          x += sz + spacing;  // Circle
+                draw_list->AddRect(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), col, 0.0f, ImDrawFlags_None, th);          x += sz + spacing;  // Square
+                draw_list->AddRect(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_None, th);      x += sz + spacing;  // Square with all rounded corners
+                draw_list->AddRect(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), col, rounding, corners_tl_br, th);         x += sz + spacing;  // Square with two rounded corners
+                draw_list->AddTriangle(ImVec2(x+sz*0.5f,y), ImVec2(x+sz, y+sz-0.5f), ImVec2(x, y+sz-0.5f), col, th);x += sz + spacing;  // Triangle
+                //draw_list->AddTriangle(ImVec2(x+sz*0.2f,y), ImVec2(x, y+sz-0.5f), ImVec2(x+sz*0.4f, y+sz-0.5f), col, th);x+= sz*0.4f + spacing; // Thin triangle
+                draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y), col, th);                                       x += sz + spacing;  // Horizontal line (note: drawing a filled rectangle will be faster!)
+                draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x, y + sz), col, th);                                       x += spacing;       // Vertical line (note: drawing a filled rectangle will be faster!)
+                draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), col, th);                                  x += sz + spacing;  // Diagonal line
+
+                // Quadratic Bezier Curve (3 control points)
+                ImVec2 cp3[3] = { ImVec2(x, y + sz * 0.6f), ImVec2(x + sz * 0.5f, y - sz * 0.4f), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz) };
+                draw_list->AddBezierQuadratic(cp3[0], cp3[1], cp3[2], col, th, curve_segments); x += sz + spacing;
+
+                // Cubic Bezier Curve (4 control points)
+                ImVec2 cp4[4] = { ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz * 1.3f, y + sz * 0.3f), ImVec2(x + sz - sz * 1.3f, y + sz - sz * 0.3f), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz) };
+                draw_list->AddBezierCubic(cp4[0], cp4[1], cp4[2], cp4[3], col, th, curve_segments);
+
+                x = p.x + 4;
+                y += sz + spacing;
+            }
+            draw_list->AddNgonFilled(ImVec2(x + sz * 0.5f, y + sz * 0.5f), sz*0.5f, col, ngon_sides);               x += sz + spacing;  // N-gon
+            draw_list->AddCircleFilled(ImVec2(x + sz*0.5f, y + sz*0.5f), sz*0.5f, col, circle_segments);            x += sz + spacing;  // Circle
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), col);                                    x += sz + spacing;  // Square
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), col, 10.0f);                             x += sz + spacing;  // Square with all rounded corners
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), col, 10.0f, corners_tl_br);              x += sz + spacing;  // Square with two rounded corners
+            draw_list->AddTriangleFilled(ImVec2(x+sz*0.5f,y), ImVec2(x+sz, y+sz-0.5f), ImVec2(x, y+sz-0.5f), col);  x += sz + spacing;  // Triangle
+            //draw_list->AddTriangleFilled(ImVec2(x+sz*0.2f,y), ImVec2(x, y+sz-0.5f), ImVec2(x+sz*0.4f, y+sz-0.5f), col); x += sz*0.4f + spacing; // Thin triangle
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + thickness), col);                             x += sz + spacing;  // Horizontal line (faster than AddLine, but only handle integer thickness)
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + thickness, y + sz), col);                             x += spacing * 2.0f;// Vertical line (faster than AddLine, but only handle integer thickness)
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + 1, y + 1), col);                                      x += sz;            // Pixel (faster than AddLine)
+            draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor(ImVec2(x, y), ImVec2(x + sz, y + sz), IM_COL32(0, 0, 0, 255), IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255), IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255));
+
+            ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2((sz + spacing) * 10.2f, (sz + spacing) * 3.0f));
+            ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Canvas"))
+        {
+            static ImVector<ImVec2> points;
+            static ImVec2 scrolling(0.0f, 0.0f);
+            static bool opt_enable_grid = true;
+            static bool opt_enable_context_menu = true;
+            static bool adding_line = false;
+
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Enable grid", &opt_enable_grid);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Enable context menu", &opt_enable_context_menu);
+            ImGui::Text("Mouse Left: drag to add lines,\nMouse Right: drag to scroll, click for context menu.");
+
+            // Typically you would use a BeginChild()/EndChild() pair to benefit from a clipping region + own scrolling.
+            // Here we demonstrate that this can be replaced by simple offsetting + custom drawing + PushClipRect/PopClipRect() calls.
+            // To use a child window instead we could use, e.g:
+            //      ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0, 0));      // Disable padding
+            //      ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ChildBg, IM_COL32(50, 50, 50, 255));  // Set a background color
+            //      ImGui::BeginChild("canvas", ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), true, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove);
+            //      ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            //      ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            //      [...]
+            //      ImGui::EndChild();
+
+            // Using InvisibleButton() as a convenience 1) it will advance the layout cursor and 2) allows us to use IsItemHovered()/IsItemActive()
+            ImVec2 canvas_p0 = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();      // ImDrawList API uses screen coordinates!
+            ImVec2 canvas_sz = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail();   // Resize canvas to what's available
+            if (canvas_sz.x < 50.0f) canvas_sz.x = 50.0f;
+            if (canvas_sz.y < 50.0f) canvas_sz.y = 50.0f;
+            ImVec2 canvas_p1 = ImVec2(canvas_p0.x + canvas_sz.x, canvas_p0.y + canvas_sz.y);
+
+            // Draw border and background color
+            ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+            ImDrawList* draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+            draw_list->AddRectFilled(canvas_p0, canvas_p1, IM_COL32(50, 50, 50, 255));
+            draw_list->AddRect(canvas_p0, canvas_p1, IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 255));
+
+            // This will catch our interactions
+            ImGui::InvisibleButton("canvas", canvas_sz, ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonLeft | ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+            const bool is_hovered = ImGui::IsItemHovered(); // Hovered
+            const bool is_active = ImGui::IsItemActive();   // Held
+            const ImVec2 origin(canvas_p0.x + scrolling.x, canvas_p0.y + scrolling.y); // Lock scrolled origin
+            const ImVec2 mouse_pos_in_canvas(io.MousePos.x - origin.x, io.MousePos.y - origin.y);
+
+            // Add first and second point
+            if (is_hovered && !adding_line && ImGui::IsMouseClicked(ImGuiMouseButton_Left))
+            {
+                points.push_back(mouse_pos_in_canvas);
+                points.push_back(mouse_pos_in_canvas);
+                adding_line = true;
+            }
+            if (adding_line)
+            {
+                points.back() = mouse_pos_in_canvas;
+                if (!ImGui::IsMouseDown(ImGuiMouseButton_Left))
+                    adding_line = false;
+            }
+
+            // Pan (we use a zero mouse threshold when there's no context menu)
+            // You may decide to make that threshold dynamic based on whether the mouse is hovering something etc.
+            const float mouse_threshold_for_pan = opt_enable_context_menu ? -1.0f : 0.0f;
+            if (is_active && ImGui::IsMouseDragging(ImGuiMouseButton_Right, mouse_threshold_for_pan))
+            {
+                scrolling.x += io.MouseDelta.x;
+                scrolling.y += io.MouseDelta.y;
+            }
+
+            // Context menu (under default mouse threshold)
+            ImVec2 drag_delta = ImGui::GetMouseDragDelta(ImGuiMouseButton_Right);
+            if (opt_enable_context_menu && drag_delta.x == 0.0f && drag_delta.y == 0.0f)
+                ImGui::OpenPopupOnItemClick("context", ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopup("context"))
+            {
+                if (adding_line)
+                    points.resize(points.size() - 2);
+                adding_line = false;
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Remove one", NULL, false, points.Size > 0)) { points.resize(points.size() - 2); }
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Remove all", NULL, false, points.Size > 0)) { points.clear(); }
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+
+            // Draw grid + all lines in the canvas
+            draw_list->PushClipRect(canvas_p0, canvas_p1, true);
+            if (opt_enable_grid)
+            {
+                const float GRID_STEP = 64.0f;
+                for (float x = fmodf(scrolling.x, GRID_STEP); x < canvas_sz.x; x += GRID_STEP)
+                    draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(canvas_p0.x + x, canvas_p0.y), ImVec2(canvas_p0.x + x, canvas_p1.y), IM_COL32(200, 200, 200, 40));
+                for (float y = fmodf(scrolling.y, GRID_STEP); y < canvas_sz.y; y += GRID_STEP)
+                    draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(canvas_p0.x, canvas_p0.y + y), ImVec2(canvas_p1.x, canvas_p0.y + y), IM_COL32(200, 200, 200, 40));
+            }
+            for (int n = 0; n < points.Size; n += 2)
+                draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(origin.x + points[n].x, origin.y + points[n].y), ImVec2(origin.x + points[n + 1].x, origin.y + points[n + 1].y), IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), 2.0f);
+            draw_list->PopClipRect();
+
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("BG/FG draw lists"))
+        {
+            static bool draw_bg = true;
+            static bool draw_fg = true;
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Draw in Background draw list", &draw_bg);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("The Background draw list will be rendered below every Dear ImGui windows.");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Draw in Foreground draw list", &draw_fg);
+            ImGui::SameLine(); HelpMarker("The Foreground draw list will be rendered over every Dear ImGui windows.");
+            ImVec2 window_pos = ImGui::GetWindowPos();
+            ImVec2 window_size = ImGui::GetWindowSize();
+            ImVec2 window_center = ImVec2(window_pos.x + window_size.x * 0.5f, window_pos.y + window_size.y * 0.5f);
+            if (draw_bg)
+                ImGui::GetBackgroundDrawList()->AddCircle(window_center, window_size.x * 0.6f, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 200), 0, 10 + 4);
+            if (draw_fg)
+                ImGui::GetForegroundDrawList()->AddCircle(window_center, window_size.y * 0.6f, IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 200), 0, 10);
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndTabBar();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Docking, DockSpace / ShowExampleAppDockSpace()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Demonstrate using DockSpace() to create an explicit docking node within an existing window.
+// Note: You can use most Docking facilities without calling any API. You DO NOT need to call DockSpace() to use Docking!
+// - Drag from window title bar or their tab to dock/undock. Hold SHIFT to disable docking.
+// - Drag from window menu button (upper-left button) to undock an entire node (all windows).
+// - When io.ConfigDockingWithShift == true, you instead need to hold SHIFT to _enable_ docking/undocking.
+// About dockspaces:
+// - Use DockSpace() to create an explicit dock node _within_ an existing window.
+// - Use DockSpaceOverViewport() to create an explicit dock node covering the screen or a specific viewport.
+//   This is often used with ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode.
+// - Important: Dockspaces need to be submitted _before_ any window they can host. Submit it early in your frame! (*)
+// - Important: Dockspaces need to be kept alive if hidden, otherwise windows docked into it will be undocked.
+//   e.g. if you have multiple tabs with a dockspace inside each tab: submit the non-visible dockspaces with ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly.
+// (*) because of this constraint, the implicit \"Debug\" window can not be docked into an explicit DockSpace() node,
+// because that window is submitted as part of the part of the NewFrame() call. An easy workaround is that you can create
+// your own implicit "Debug##2" window after calling DockSpace() and leave it in the window stack for anyone to use.
+void ShowExampleAppDockSpace(bool* p_open)
+{
+    // If you strip some features of, this demo is pretty much equivalent to calling DockSpaceOverViewport()!
+    // In most cases you should be able to just call DockSpaceOverViewport() and ignore all the code below!
+    // In this specific demo, we are not using DockSpaceOverViewport() because:
+    // - we allow the host window to be floating/moveable instead of filling the viewport (when opt_fullscreen == false)
+    // - we allow the host window to have padding (when opt_padding == true)
+    // - we have a local menu bar in the host window (vs. you could use BeginMainMenuBar() + DockSpaceOverViewport() in your code!)
+    // TL;DR; this demo is more complicated than what you would normally use.
+    // If we removed all the options we are showcasing, this demo would become:
+    //     void ShowExampleAppDockSpace()
+    //     {
+    //         ImGui::DockSpaceOverViewport(ImGui::GetMainViewport());
+    //     }
+
+    static bool opt_fullscreen = true;
+    static bool opt_padding = false;
+    static ImGuiDockNodeFlags dockspace_flags = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_None;
+
+    // We are using the ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking flag to make the parent window not dockable into,
+    // because it would be confusing to have two docking targets within each others.
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    if (opt_fullscreen)
+    {
+        const ImGuiViewport* viewport = ImGui::GetMainViewport();
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(viewport->WorkPos);
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(viewport->WorkSize);
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowViewport(viewport->ID);
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding, 0.0f);
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowBorderSize, 0.0f);
+        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove;
+        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBringToFrontOnFocus | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        dockspace_flags &= ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode;
+    }
+
+    // When using ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode, DockSpace() will render our background
+    // and handle the pass-thru hole, so we ask Begin() to not render a background.
+    if (dockspace_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode)
+        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground;
+
+    // Important: note that we proceed even if Begin() returns false (aka window is collapsed).
+    // This is because we want to keep our DockSpace() active. If a DockSpace() is inactive,
+    // all active windows docked into it will lose their parent and become undocked.
+    // We cannot preserve the docking relationship between an active window and an inactive docking, otherwise
+    // any change of dockspace/settings would lead to windows being stuck in limbo and never being visible.
+    if (!opt_padding)
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    ImGui::Begin("DockSpace Demo", p_open, window_flags);
+    if (!opt_padding)
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+
+    if (opt_fullscreen)
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar(2);
+
+    // Submit the DockSpace
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable)
+    {
+        ImGuiID dockspace_id = ImGui::GetID("MyDockSpace");
+        ImGui::DockSpace(dockspace_id, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), dockspace_flags);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ShowDockingDisabledMessage();
+    }
+
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+    {
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Options"))
+        {
+            // Disabling fullscreen would allow the window to be moved to the front of other windows,
+            // which we can't undo at the moment without finer window depth/z control.
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Fullscreen", NULL, &opt_fullscreen);
+            ImGui::MenuItem("Padding", NULL, &opt_padding);
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Flag: NoSplit",                "", (dockspace_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoSplit) != 0))                 { dockspace_flags ^= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoSplit; }
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Flag: NoResize",               "", (dockspace_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize) != 0))                { dockspace_flags ^= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize; }
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Flag: NoDockingInCentralNode", "", (dockspace_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingInCentralNode) != 0))  { dockspace_flags ^= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingInCentralNode; }
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Flag: AutoHideTabBar",         "", (dockspace_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_AutoHideTabBar) != 0))          { dockspace_flags ^= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_AutoHideTabBar; }
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Flag: PassthruCentralNode",    "", (dockspace_flags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode) != 0, opt_fullscreen)) { dockspace_flags ^= ImGuiDockNodeFlags_PassthruCentralNode; }
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Close", NULL, false, p_open != NULL))
+                *p_open = false;
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        HelpMarker(
+            "When docking is enabled, you can ALWAYS dock MOST window into another! Try it now!" "\n"
+            "- Drag from window title bar or their tab to dock/undock." "\n"
+            "- Drag from window menu button (upper-left button) to undock an entire node (all windows)." "\n"
+            "- Hold SHIFT to disable docking (if io.ConfigDockingWithShift == false, default)" "\n"
+            "- Hold SHIFT to enable docking (if io.ConfigDockingWithShift == true)" "\n"
+            "This demo app has nothing to do with enabling docking!" "\n\n"
+            "This demo app only demonstrate the use of ImGui::DockSpace() which allows you to manually create a docking node _within_ another window." "\n\n"
+            "Read comments in ShowExampleAppDockSpace() for more details.");
+
+        ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+    }
+
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Example App: Documents Handling / ShowExampleAppDocuments()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Simplified structure to mimic a Document model
+struct MyDocument
+{
+    const char* Name;       // Document title
+    bool        Open;       // Set when open (we keep an array of all available documents to simplify demo code!)
+    bool        OpenPrev;   // Copy of Open from last update.
+    bool        Dirty;      // Set when the document has been modified
+    bool        WantClose;  // Set when the document
+    ImVec4      Color;      // An arbitrary variable associated to the document
+
+    MyDocument(const char* name, bool open = true, const ImVec4& color = ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f))
+    {
+        Name = name;
+        Open = OpenPrev = open;
+        Dirty = false;
+        WantClose = false;
+        Color = color;
+    }
+    void DoOpen()       { Open = true; }
+    void DoQueueClose() { WantClose = true; }
+    void DoForceClose() { Open = false; Dirty = false; }
+    void DoSave()       { Dirty = false; }
+
+    // Display placeholder contents for the Document
+    static void DisplayContents(MyDocument* doc)
+    {
+        ImGui::PushID(doc);
+        ImGui::Text("Document \"%s\"", doc->Name);
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, doc->Color);
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.");
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Modify", ImVec2(100, 0)))
+            doc->Dirty = true;
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Save", ImVec2(100, 0)))
+            doc->DoSave();
+        ImGui::ColorEdit3("color", &doc->Color.x);  // Useful to test drag and drop and hold-dragged-to-open-tab behavior.
+        ImGui::PopID();
+    }
+
+    // Display context menu for the Document
+    static void DisplayContextMenu(MyDocument* doc)
+    {
+        if (!ImGui::BeginPopupContextItem())
+            return;
+
+        char buf[256];
+        sprintf(buf, "Save %s", doc->Name);
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem(buf, "CTRL+S", false, doc->Open))
+            doc->DoSave();
+        if (ImGui::MenuItem("Close", "CTRL+W", false, doc->Open))
+            doc->DoQueueClose();
+        ImGui::EndPopup();
+    }
+};
+
+struct ExampleAppDocuments
+{
+    ImVector<MyDocument> Documents;
+
+    ExampleAppDocuments()
+    {
+        Documents.push_back(MyDocument("Lettuce",             true,  ImVec4(0.4f, 0.8f, 0.4f, 1.0f)));
+        Documents.push_back(MyDocument("Eggplant",            true,  ImVec4(0.8f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f)));
+        Documents.push_back(MyDocument("Carrot",              true,  ImVec4(1.0f, 0.8f, 0.5f, 1.0f)));
+        Documents.push_back(MyDocument("Tomato",              false, ImVec4(1.0f, 0.3f, 0.4f, 1.0f)));
+        Documents.push_back(MyDocument("A Rather Long Title", false));
+        Documents.push_back(MyDocument("Some Document",       false));
+    }
+};
+
+// [Optional] Notify the system of Tabs/Windows closure that happened outside the regular tab interface.
+// If a tab has been closed programmatically (aka closed from another source such as the Checkbox() in the demo,
+// as opposed to clicking on the regular tab closing button) and stops being submitted, it will take a frame for
+// the tab bar to notice its absence. During this frame there will be a gap in the tab bar, and if the tab that has
+// disappeared was the selected one, the tab bar will report no selected tab during the frame. This will effectively
+// give the impression of a flicker for one frame.
+// We call SetTabItemClosed() to manually notify the Tab Bar or Docking system of removed tabs to avoid this glitch.
+// Note that this completely optional, and only affect tab bars with the ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable flag.
+static void NotifyOfDocumentsClosedElsewhere(ExampleAppDocuments& app)
+{
+    for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+    {
+        MyDocument* doc = &app.Documents[doc_n];
+        if (!doc->Open && doc->OpenPrev)
+            ImGui::SetTabItemClosed(doc->Name);
+        doc->OpenPrev = doc->Open;
+    }
+}
+
+void ShowExampleAppDocuments(bool* p_open)
+{
+    static ExampleAppDocuments app;
+
+    // Options
+    enum Target
+    {
+        Target_None,
+        Target_Tab,                 // Create documents as local tab into a local tab bar
+        Target_DockSpaceAndWindow   // Create documents as regular windows, and create an embedded dockspace
+    };
+    static Target opt_target = Target_Tab;
+    static bool opt_reorderable = true;
+    static ImGuiTabBarFlags opt_fitting_flags = ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyDefault_;
+
+    // When (opt_target == Target_DockSpaceAndWindow) there is the possibily that one of our child Document window (e.g. "Eggplant")
+    // that we emit gets docked into the same spot as the parent window ("Example: Documents").
+    // This would create a problematic feedback loop because selecting the "Eggplant" tab would make the "Example: Documents" tab
+    // not visible, which in turn would stop submitting the "Eggplant" window.
+    // We avoid this problem by submitting our documents window even if our parent window is not currently visible.
+    // Another solution may be to make the "Example: Documents" window use the ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking.
+
+    bool window_contents_visible = ImGui::Begin("Example: Documents", p_open, ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar);
+    if (!window_contents_visible && opt_target != Target_DockSpaceAndWindow)
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Menu
+    if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar())
+    {
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenu("File"))
+        {
+            int open_count = 0;
+            for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+                open_count += app.Documents[doc_n].Open ? 1 : 0;
+
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Open", open_count < app.Documents.Size))
+            {
+                for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+                {
+                    MyDocument* doc = &app.Documents[doc_n];
+                    if (!doc->Open)
+                        if (ImGui::MenuItem(doc->Name))
+                            doc->DoOpen();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Close All Documents", NULL, false, open_count > 0))
+                for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+                    app.Documents[doc_n].DoQueueClose();
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Exit", "Ctrl+F4") && p_open)
+                *p_open = false;
+            ImGui::EndMenu();
+        }
+        ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+    }
+
+    // [Debug] List documents with one checkbox for each
+    for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+    {
+        MyDocument* doc = &app.Documents[doc_n];
+        if (doc_n > 0)
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::PushID(doc);
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox(doc->Name, &doc->Open))
+            if (!doc->Open)
+                doc->DoForceClose();
+        ImGui::PopID();
+    }
+    ImGui::PushItemWidth(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 12);
+    ImGui::Combo("Output", (int*)&opt_target, "None\0TabBar+Tabs\0DockSpace+Window\0");
+    ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+    bool redock_all = false;
+    if (opt_target == Target_Tab)                { ImGui::SameLine(); ImGui::Checkbox("Reorderable Tabs", &opt_reorderable); }
+    if (opt_target == Target_DockSpaceAndWindow) { ImGui::SameLine(); redock_all = ImGui::Button("Redock all"); }
+
+    ImGui::Separator();
+
+    // About the ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument / ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument flags.
+    // They have multiple effects:
+    // - Display a dot next to the title.
+    // - Tab is selected when clicking the X close button.
+    // - Closure is not assumed (will wait for user to stop submitting the tab).
+    //   Otherwise closure is assumed when pressing the X, so if you keep submitting the tab may reappear at end of tab bar.
+    //   We need to assume closure by default otherwise waiting for "lack of submission" on the next frame would leave an empty
+    //   hole for one-frame, both in the tab-bar and in tab-contents when closing a tab/window.
+    //   The rarely used SetTabItemClosed() function is a way to notify of programmatic closure to avoid the one-frame hole.
+
+    // Tabs
+    if (opt_target == Target_Tab)
+    {
+        ImGuiTabBarFlags tab_bar_flags = (opt_fitting_flags) | (opt_reorderable ? ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable : 0);
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("##tabs", tab_bar_flags))
+        {
+            if (opt_reorderable)
+                NotifyOfDocumentsClosedElsewhere(app);
+
+            // [DEBUG] Stress tests
+            //if ((ImGui::GetFrameCount() % 30) == 0) docs[1].Open ^= 1;            // [DEBUG] Automatically show/hide a tab. Test various interactions e.g. dragging with this on.
+            //if (ImGui::GetIO().KeyCtrl) ImGui::SetTabItemSelected(docs[1].Name);  // [DEBUG] Test SetTabItemSelected(), probably not very useful as-is anyway..
+
+            // Submit Tabs
+            for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+            {
+                MyDocument* doc = &app.Documents[doc_n];
+                if (!doc->Open)
+                    continue;
+
+                ImGuiTabItemFlags tab_flags = (doc->Dirty ? ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument : 0);
+                bool visible = ImGui::BeginTabItem(doc->Name, &doc->Open, tab_flags);
+
+                // Cancel attempt to close when unsaved add to save queue so we can display a popup.
+                if (!doc->Open && doc->Dirty)
+                {
+                    doc->Open = true;
+                    doc->DoQueueClose();
+                }
+
+                MyDocument::DisplayContextMenu(doc);
+                if (visible)
+                {
+                    MyDocument::DisplayContents(doc);
+                    ImGui::EndTabItem();
+                }
+            }
+
+            ImGui::EndTabBar();
+        }
+    }
+    else if (opt_target == Target_DockSpaceAndWindow)
+    {
+        if (ImGui::GetIO().ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable)
+        {
+            NotifyOfDocumentsClosedElsewhere(app);
+
+            // Create a DockSpace node where any window can be docked
+            ImGuiID dockspace_id = ImGui::GetID("MyDockSpace");
+            ImGui::DockSpace(dockspace_id);
+
+            // Create Windows
+            for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+            {
+                MyDocument* doc = &app.Documents[doc_n];
+                if (!doc->Open)
+                    continue;
+
+                ImGui::SetNextWindowDockID(dockspace_id, redock_all ? ImGuiCond_Always : ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+                ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = (doc->Dirty ? ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument : 0);
+                bool visible = ImGui::Begin(doc->Name, &doc->Open, window_flags);
+
+                // Cancel attempt to close when unsaved add to save queue so we can display a popup.
+                if (!doc->Open && doc->Dirty)
+                {
+                    doc->Open = true;
+                    doc->DoQueueClose();
+                }
+
+                MyDocument::DisplayContextMenu(doc);
+                if (visible)
+                    MyDocument::DisplayContents(doc);
+
+                ImGui::End();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ShowDockingDisabledMessage();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Early out other contents
+    if (!window_contents_visible)
+    {
+        ImGui::End();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Update closing queue
+    static ImVector<MyDocument*> close_queue;
+    if (close_queue.empty())
+    {
+        // Close queue is locked once we started a popup
+        for (int doc_n = 0; doc_n < app.Documents.Size; doc_n++)
+        {
+            MyDocument* doc = &app.Documents[doc_n];
+            if (doc->WantClose)
+            {
+                doc->WantClose = false;
+                close_queue.push_back(doc);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Display closing confirmation UI
+    if (!close_queue.empty())
+    {
+        int close_queue_unsaved_documents = 0;
+        for (int n = 0; n < close_queue.Size; n++)
+            if (close_queue[n]->Dirty)
+                close_queue_unsaved_documents++;
+
+        if (close_queue_unsaved_documents == 0)
+        {
+            // Close documents when all are unsaved
+            for (int n = 0; n < close_queue.Size; n++)
+                close_queue[n]->DoForceClose();
+            close_queue.clear();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            if (!ImGui::IsPopupOpen("Save?"))
+                ImGui::OpenPopup("Save?");
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Save?", NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize))
+            {
+                ImGui::Text("Save change to the following items?");
+                float item_height = ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing();
+                if (ImGui::BeginChildFrame(ImGui::GetID("frame"), ImVec2(-FLT_MIN, 6.25f * item_height)))
+                {
+                    for (int n = 0; n < close_queue.Size; n++)
+                        if (close_queue[n]->Dirty)
+                            ImGui::Text("%s", close_queue[n]->Name);
+                    ImGui::EndChildFrame();
+                }
+
+                ImVec2 button_size(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 7.0f, 0.0f);
+                if (ImGui::Button("Yes", button_size))
+                {
+                    for (int n = 0; n < close_queue.Size; n++)
+                    {
+                        if (close_queue[n]->Dirty)
+                            close_queue[n]->DoSave();
+                        close_queue[n]->DoForceClose();
+                    }
+                    close_queue.clear();
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("No", button_size))
+                {
+                    for (int n = 0; n < close_queue.Size; n++)
+                        close_queue[n]->DoForceClose();
+                    close_queue.clear();
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Cancel", button_size))
+                {
+                    close_queue.clear();
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ImGui::End();
+}
+
+// End of Demo code
+#else
+
+void ImGui::ShowAboutWindow(bool*) {}
+void ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(bool*) {}
+void ImGui::ShowUserGuide() {}
+void ImGui::ShowStyleEditor(ImGuiStyle*) {}
+
+#endif
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_draw.cpp b/external/imgui/imgui_draw.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5afd15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_draw.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4201 @@
+// dear imgui, v1.89.5 WIP
+// (drawing and font code)
+
+/*
+
+Index of this file:
+
+// [SECTION] STB libraries implementation
+// [SECTION] Style functions
+// [SECTION] ImDrawList
+// [SECTION] ImDrawListSplitter
+// [SECTION] ImDrawData
+// [SECTION] Helpers ShadeVertsXXX functions
+// [SECTION] ImFontConfig
+// [SECTION] ImFontAtlas
+// [SECTION] ImFontAtlas glyph ranges helpers
+// [SECTION] ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder
+// [SECTION] ImFont
+// [SECTION] ImGui Internal Render Helpers
+// [SECTION] Decompression code
+// [SECTION] Default font data (ProggyClean.ttf)
+
+*/
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#endif
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
+#include "imgui_internal.h"
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_FREETYPE
+#include "misc/freetype/imgui_freetype.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>      // vsnprintf, sscanf, printf
+
+// Visual Studio warnings
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (disable: 4127)     // condition expression is constant
+#pragma warning (disable: 4505)     // unreferenced local function has been removed (stb stuff)
+#pragma warning (disable: 4996)     // 'This function or variable may be unsafe': strcpy, strdup, sprintf, vsnprintf, sscanf, fopen
+#pragma warning (disable: 26451)    // [Static Analyzer] Arithmetic overflow : Using operator 'xxx' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to a 8 byte value. Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator 'xxx' to avoid overflow(io.2).
+#pragma warning (disable: 26812)    // [Static Analyzer] The enum type 'xxx' is unscoped. Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum' (Enum.3). [MSVC Static Analyzer)
+#endif
+
+// Clang/GCC warnings with -Weverything
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_warning("-Wunknown-warning-option")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-warning-option"         // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'                      // not all warnings are known by all Clang versions and they tend to be rename-happy.. so ignoring warnings triggers new warnings on some configuration. Great!
+#endif
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-pragmas"                // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"                 // warning: use of old-style cast                            // yes, they are more terse.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"                    // warning: comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe // storing and comparing against same constants ok.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wglobal-constructors"            // warning: declaration requires a global destructor         // similar to above, not sure what the exact difference is.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"                // warning: implicit conversion changes signedness
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"  // warning: zero as null pointer constant                    // some standard header variations use #define NULL 0
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcomma"                          // warning: possible misuse of comma operator here
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wreserved-id-macro"              // warning: macro name is a reserved identifier
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"               // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function  // using printf() is a misery with this as C++ va_arg ellipsis changes float to double.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion"  // warning: implicit conversion from 'xxx' to 'float' may lose precision
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"                  // warning: unknown option after '#pragma GCC diagnostic' kind
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"          // warning: 'xxxx' defined but not used
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"         // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wconversion"               // warning: conversion to 'xxxx' from 'xxxx' may alter its value
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wstack-protector"          // warning: stack protector not protecting local variables: variable length buffer
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wclass-memaccess"          // [__GNUC__ >= 8] warning: 'memset/memcpy' clearing/writing an object of type 'xxxx' with no trivial copy-assignment; use assignment or value-initialization instead
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] STB libraries implementation (for stb_truetype and stb_rect_pack)
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Compile time options:
+//#define IMGUI_STB_NAMESPACE           ImStb
+//#define IMGUI_STB_TRUETYPE_FILENAME   "my_folder/stb_truetype.h"
+//#define IMGUI_STB_RECT_PACK_FILENAME  "my_folder/stb_rect_pack.h"
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
+//#define IMGUI_DISABLE_STB_RECT_PACK_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_STB_NAMESPACE
+namespace IMGUI_STB_NAMESPACE
+{
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (push)
+#pragma warning (disable: 4456)                             // declaration of 'xx' hides previous local declaration
+#pragma warning (disable: 6011)                             // (stb_rectpack) Dereferencing NULL pointer 'cur->next'.
+#pragma warning (disable: 6385)                             // (stb_truetype) Reading invalid data from 'buffer':  the readable size is '_Old_3`kernel_width' bytes, but '3' bytes may be read.
+#pragma warning (disable: 28182)                            // (stb_rectpack) Dereferencing NULL pointer. 'cur' contains the same NULL value as 'cur->next' did.
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-prototypes"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"              // warning: cast from 'const xxxx *' to 'xxx *' drops const qualifier
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wtype-limits"              // warning: comparison is always true due to limited range of data type [-Wtype-limits]
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"                // warning: cast from type 'const xxxx *' to type 'xxxx *' casts away qualifiers
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STB_RECT_PACK_IMPLEMENTATION                        // in case the user already have an implementation in the _same_ compilation unit (e.g. unity builds)
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_STB_RECT_PACK_IMPLEMENTATION          // in case the user already have an implementation in another compilation unit
+#define STBRP_STATIC
+#define STBRP_ASSERT(x)     do { IM_ASSERT(x); } while (0)
+#define STBRP_SORT          ImQsort
+#define STB_RECT_PACK_IMPLEMENTATION
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_STB_RECT_PACK_FILENAME
+#include IMGUI_STB_RECT_PACK_FILENAME
+#else
+#include "imstb_rectpack.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef  IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE
+#ifndef STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION                         // in case the user already have an implementation in the _same_ compilation unit (e.g. unity builds)
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION           // in case the user already have an implementation in another compilation unit
+#define STBTT_malloc(x,u)   ((void)(u), IM_ALLOC(x))
+#define STBTT_free(x,u)     ((void)(u), IM_FREE(x))
+#define STBTT_assert(x)     do { IM_ASSERT(x); } while(0)
+#define STBTT_fmod(x,y)     ImFmod(x,y)
+#define STBTT_sqrt(x)       ImSqrt(x)
+#define STBTT_pow(x,y)      ImPow(x,y)
+#define STBTT_fabs(x)       ImFabs(x)
+#define STBTT_ifloor(x)     ((int)ImFloorSigned(x))
+#define STBTT_iceil(x)      ((int)ImCeil(x))
+#define STBTT_STATIC
+#define STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#else
+#define STBTT_DEF extern
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_STB_TRUETYPE_FILENAME
+#include IMGUI_STB_TRUETYPE_FILENAME
+#else
+#include "imstb_truetype.h"
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif // IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#pragma warning (pop)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_STB_NAMESPACE
+} // namespace ImStb
+using namespace IMGUI_STB_NAMESPACE;
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Style functions
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::StyleColorsDark(ImGuiStyle* dst)
+{
+    ImGuiStyle* style = dst ? dst : &ImGui::GetStyle();
+    ImVec4* colors = style->Colors;
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Text]                   = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]           = ImVec4(0.50f, 0.50f, 0.50f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]               = ImVec4(0.06f, 0.06f, 0.06f, 0.94f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]                = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]                = ImVec4(0.08f, 0.08f, 0.08f, 0.94f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Border]                 = ImVec4(0.43f, 0.43f, 0.50f, 0.50f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]           = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]                = ImVec4(0.16f, 0.29f, 0.48f, 0.54f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]         = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]                = ImVec4(0.04f, 0.04f, 0.04f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.16f, 0.29f, 0.48f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]       = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.51f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]              = ImVec4(0.14f, 0.14f, 0.14f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]            = ImVec4(0.02f, 0.02f, 0.02f, 0.53f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]          = ImVec4(0.31f, 0.31f, 0.31f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]   = ImVec4(0.41f, 0.41f, 0.41f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]    = ImVec4(0.51f, 0.51f, 0.51f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]              = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]             = ImVec4(0.24f, 0.52f, 0.88f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]       = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Button]                 = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]          = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]           = ImVec4(0.06f, 0.53f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Header]                 = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.31f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]          = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]           = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]              = colors[ImGuiCol_Border];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]       = ImVec4(0.10f, 0.40f, 0.75f, 0.78f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]        = ImVec4(0.10f, 0.40f, 0.75f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]             = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.20f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]      = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]       = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.95f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                    = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_Header],       colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive], 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]             = colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]              = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive], colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive], 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]           = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_Tab],          colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg], 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]     = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive],    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg], 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingPreview]         = colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive] * ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.7f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingEmptyBg]         = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]              = ImVec4(0.61f, 0.61f, 0.61f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]       = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.43f, 0.35f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]          = ImVec4(0.90f, 0.70f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]   = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.60f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]          = ImVec4(0.19f, 0.19f, 0.20f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]      = ImVec4(0.31f, 0.31f, 0.35f, 1.00f);   // Prefer using Alpha=1.0 here
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]       = ImVec4(0.23f, 0.23f, 0.25f, 1.00f);   // Prefer using Alpha=1.0 here
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]             = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]          = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.06f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]         = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.35f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]         = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 0.00f, 0.90f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]           = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight]  = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.70f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.80f, 0.80f, 0.80f, 0.20f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]       = ImVec4(0.80f, 0.80f, 0.80f, 0.35f);
+}
+
+void ImGui::StyleColorsClassic(ImGuiStyle* dst)
+{
+    ImGuiStyle* style = dst ? dst : &ImGui::GetStyle();
+    ImVec4* colors = style->Colors;
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Text]                   = ImVec4(0.90f, 0.90f, 0.90f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]           = ImVec4(0.60f, 0.60f, 0.60f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]               = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.85f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]                = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]                = ImVec4(0.11f, 0.11f, 0.14f, 0.92f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Border]                 = ImVec4(0.50f, 0.50f, 0.50f, 0.50f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]           = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]                = ImVec4(0.43f, 0.43f, 0.43f, 0.39f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]         = ImVec4(0.47f, 0.47f, 0.69f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.42f, 0.41f, 0.64f, 0.69f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]                = ImVec4(0.27f, 0.27f, 0.54f, 0.83f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.32f, 0.32f, 0.63f, 0.87f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]       = ImVec4(0.40f, 0.40f, 0.80f, 0.20f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]              = ImVec4(0.40f, 0.40f, 0.55f, 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]            = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.25f, 0.30f, 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]          = ImVec4(0.40f, 0.40f, 0.80f, 0.30f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]   = ImVec4(0.40f, 0.40f, 0.80f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]    = ImVec4(0.41f, 0.39f, 0.80f, 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]              = ImVec4(0.90f, 0.90f, 0.90f, 0.50f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]             = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.30f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]       = ImVec4(0.41f, 0.39f, 0.80f, 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Button]                 = ImVec4(0.35f, 0.40f, 0.61f, 0.62f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]          = ImVec4(0.40f, 0.48f, 0.71f, 0.79f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]           = ImVec4(0.46f, 0.54f, 0.80f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Header]                 = ImVec4(0.40f, 0.40f, 0.90f, 0.45f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]          = ImVec4(0.45f, 0.45f, 0.90f, 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]           = ImVec4(0.53f, 0.53f, 0.87f, 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]              = ImVec4(0.50f, 0.50f, 0.50f, 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]       = ImVec4(0.60f, 0.60f, 0.70f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]        = ImVec4(0.70f, 0.70f, 0.90f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]             = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.10f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]      = ImVec4(0.78f, 0.82f, 1.00f, 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]       = ImVec4(0.78f, 0.82f, 1.00f, 0.90f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                    = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_Header],       colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive], 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]             = colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]              = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive], colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive], 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]           = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_Tab],          colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg], 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]     = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive],    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg], 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingPreview]         = colors[ImGuiCol_Header] * ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.7f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingEmptyBg]         = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]              = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]       = ImVec4(0.90f, 0.70f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]          = ImVec4(0.90f, 0.70f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]   = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.60f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]          = ImVec4(0.27f, 0.27f, 0.38f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]      = ImVec4(0.31f, 0.31f, 0.45f, 1.00f);   // Prefer using Alpha=1.0 here
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]       = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.26f, 0.28f, 1.00f);   // Prefer using Alpha=1.0 here
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]             = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]          = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.07f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]         = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 1.00f, 0.35f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]         = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 0.00f, 0.90f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]           = colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight]  = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.70f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.80f, 0.80f, 0.80f, 0.20f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]       = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 0.35f);
+}
+
+// Those light colors are better suited with a thicker font than the default one + FrameBorder
+void ImGui::StyleColorsLight(ImGuiStyle* dst)
+{
+    ImGuiStyle* style = dst ? dst : &ImGui::GetStyle();
+    ImVec4* colors = style->Colors;
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Text]                   = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]           = ImVec4(0.60f, 0.60f, 0.60f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]               = ImVec4(0.94f, 0.94f, 0.94f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]                = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]                = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.98f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Border]                 = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.30f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]           = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]                = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]         = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]                = ImVec4(0.96f, 0.96f, 0.96f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.82f, 0.82f, 0.82f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]       = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.51f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]              = ImVec4(0.86f, 0.86f, 0.86f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]            = ImVec4(0.98f, 0.98f, 0.98f, 0.53f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]          = ImVec4(0.69f, 0.69f, 0.69f, 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]   = ImVec4(0.49f, 0.49f, 0.49f, 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]    = ImVec4(0.49f, 0.49f, 0.49f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]              = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]             = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.78f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]       = ImVec4(0.46f, 0.54f, 0.80f, 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Button]                 = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]          = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]           = ImVec4(0.06f, 0.53f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Header]                 = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.31f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]          = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]           = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]              = ImVec4(0.39f, 0.39f, 0.39f, 0.62f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]       = ImVec4(0.14f, 0.44f, 0.80f, 0.78f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]        = ImVec4(0.14f, 0.44f, 0.80f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]             = ImVec4(0.35f, 0.35f, 0.35f, 0.17f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]      = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]       = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.95f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                    = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_Header],       colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive], 0.90f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]             = colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]              = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive], colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive], 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]           = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_Tab],          colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg], 0.80f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]     = ImLerp(colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive],    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg], 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingPreview]         = colors[ImGuiCol_Header] * ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.7f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingEmptyBg]         = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]              = ImVec4(0.39f, 0.39f, 0.39f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]       = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.43f, 0.35f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]          = ImVec4(0.90f, 0.70f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]   = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.45f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]          = ImVec4(0.78f, 0.87f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]      = ImVec4(0.57f, 0.57f, 0.64f, 1.00f);   // Prefer using Alpha=1.0 here
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]       = ImVec4(0.68f, 0.68f, 0.74f, 1.00f);   // Prefer using Alpha=1.0 here
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]             = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]          = ImVec4(0.30f, 0.30f, 0.30f, 0.09f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]         = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.35f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]         = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.95f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]           = colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight]  = ImVec4(0.70f, 0.70f, 0.70f, 0.70f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]       = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 0.35f);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImDrawList
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImDrawListSharedData::ImDrawListSharedData()
+{
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(ArcFastVtx); i++)
+    {
+        const float a = ((float)i * 2 * IM_PI) / (float)IM_ARRAYSIZE(ArcFastVtx);
+        ArcFastVtx[i] = ImVec2(ImCos(a), ImSin(a));
+    }
+    ArcFastRadiusCutoff = IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC_R(IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX, CircleSegmentMaxError);
+}
+
+void ImDrawListSharedData::SetCircleTessellationMaxError(float max_error)
+{
+    if (CircleSegmentMaxError == max_error)
+        return;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(max_error > 0.0f);
+    CircleSegmentMaxError = max_error;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(CircleSegmentCounts); i++)
+    {
+        const float radius = (float)i;
+        CircleSegmentCounts[i] = (ImU8)((i > 0) ? IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC(radius, CircleSegmentMaxError) : IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX);
+    }
+    ArcFastRadiusCutoff = IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC_R(IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX, CircleSegmentMaxError);
+}
+
+// Initialize before use in a new frame. We always have a command ready in the buffer.
+void ImDrawList::_ResetForNewFrame()
+{
+    // Verify that the ImDrawCmd fields we want to memcmp() are contiguous in memory.
+    IM_STATIC_ASSERT(IM_OFFSETOF(ImDrawCmd, ClipRect) == 0);
+    IM_STATIC_ASSERT(IM_OFFSETOF(ImDrawCmd, TextureId) == sizeof(ImVec4));
+    IM_STATIC_ASSERT(IM_OFFSETOF(ImDrawCmd, VtxOffset) == sizeof(ImVec4) + sizeof(ImTextureID));
+    if (_Splitter._Count > 1)
+        _Splitter.Merge(this);
+
+    CmdBuffer.resize(0);
+    IdxBuffer.resize(0);
+    VtxBuffer.resize(0);
+    Flags = _Data->InitialFlags;
+    memset(&_CmdHeader, 0, sizeof(_CmdHeader));
+    _VtxCurrentIdx = 0;
+    _VtxWritePtr = NULL;
+    _IdxWritePtr = NULL;
+    _ClipRectStack.resize(0);
+    _TextureIdStack.resize(0);
+    _Path.resize(0);
+    _Splitter.Clear();
+    CmdBuffer.push_back(ImDrawCmd());
+    _FringeScale = 1.0f;
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::_ClearFreeMemory()
+{
+    CmdBuffer.clear();
+    IdxBuffer.clear();
+    VtxBuffer.clear();
+    Flags = ImDrawListFlags_None;
+    _VtxCurrentIdx = 0;
+    _VtxWritePtr = NULL;
+    _IdxWritePtr = NULL;
+    _ClipRectStack.clear();
+    _TextureIdStack.clear();
+    _Path.clear();
+    _Splitter.ClearFreeMemory();
+}
+
+ImDrawList* ImDrawList::CloneOutput() const
+{
+    ImDrawList* dst = IM_NEW(ImDrawList(_Data));
+    dst->CmdBuffer = CmdBuffer;
+    dst->IdxBuffer = IdxBuffer;
+    dst->VtxBuffer = VtxBuffer;
+    dst->Flags = Flags;
+    return dst;
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddDrawCmd()
+{
+    ImDrawCmd draw_cmd;
+    draw_cmd.ClipRect = _CmdHeader.ClipRect;    // Same as calling ImDrawCmd_HeaderCopy()
+    draw_cmd.TextureId = _CmdHeader.TextureId;
+    draw_cmd.VtxOffset = _CmdHeader.VtxOffset;
+    draw_cmd.IdxOffset = IdxBuffer.Size;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(draw_cmd.ClipRect.x <= draw_cmd.ClipRect.z && draw_cmd.ClipRect.y <= draw_cmd.ClipRect.w);
+    CmdBuffer.push_back(draw_cmd);
+}
+
+// Pop trailing draw command (used before merging or presenting to user)
+// Note that this leaves the ImDrawList in a state unfit for further commands, as most code assume that CmdBuffer.Size > 0 && CmdBuffer.back().UserCallback == NULL
+void ImDrawList::_PopUnusedDrawCmd()
+{
+    while (CmdBuffer.Size > 0)
+    {
+        ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+        if (curr_cmd->ElemCount != 0 || curr_cmd->UserCallback != NULL)
+            return;// break;
+        CmdBuffer.pop_back();
+    }
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddCallback(ImDrawCallback callback, void* callback_data)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(CmdBuffer.Size > 0);
+    ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    IM_ASSERT(curr_cmd->UserCallback == NULL);
+    if (curr_cmd->ElemCount != 0)
+    {
+        AddDrawCmd();
+        curr_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    }
+    curr_cmd->UserCallback = callback;
+    curr_cmd->UserCallbackData = callback_data;
+
+    AddDrawCmd(); // Force a new command after us (see comment below)
+}
+
+// Compare ClipRect, TextureId and VtxOffset with a single memcmp()
+#define ImDrawCmd_HeaderSize                            (IM_OFFSETOF(ImDrawCmd, VtxOffset) + sizeof(unsigned int))
+#define ImDrawCmd_HeaderCompare(CMD_LHS, CMD_RHS)       (memcmp(CMD_LHS, CMD_RHS, ImDrawCmd_HeaderSize))    // Compare ClipRect, TextureId, VtxOffset
+#define ImDrawCmd_HeaderCopy(CMD_DST, CMD_SRC)          (memcpy(CMD_DST, CMD_SRC, ImDrawCmd_HeaderSize))    // Copy ClipRect, TextureId, VtxOffset
+#define ImDrawCmd_AreSequentialIdxOffset(CMD_0, CMD_1)  (CMD_0->IdxOffset + CMD_0->ElemCount == CMD_1->IdxOffset)
+
+// Try to merge two last draw commands
+void ImDrawList::_TryMergeDrawCmds()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(CmdBuffer.Size > 0);
+    ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    ImDrawCmd* prev_cmd = curr_cmd - 1;
+    if (ImDrawCmd_HeaderCompare(curr_cmd, prev_cmd) == 0 && ImDrawCmd_AreSequentialIdxOffset(prev_cmd, curr_cmd) && curr_cmd->UserCallback == NULL && prev_cmd->UserCallback == NULL)
+    {
+        prev_cmd->ElemCount += curr_cmd->ElemCount;
+        CmdBuffer.pop_back();
+    }
+}
+
+// Our scheme may appears a bit unusual, basically we want the most-common calls AddLine AddRect etc. to not have to perform any check so we always have a command ready in the stack.
+// The cost of figuring out if a new command has to be added or if we can merge is paid in those Update** functions only.
+void ImDrawList::_OnChangedClipRect()
+{
+    // If current command is used with different settings we need to add a new command
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(CmdBuffer.Size > 0);
+    ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    if (curr_cmd->ElemCount != 0 && memcmp(&curr_cmd->ClipRect, &_CmdHeader.ClipRect, sizeof(ImVec4)) != 0)
+    {
+        AddDrawCmd();
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(curr_cmd->UserCallback == NULL);
+
+    // Try to merge with previous command if it matches, else use current command
+    ImDrawCmd* prev_cmd = curr_cmd - 1;
+    if (curr_cmd->ElemCount == 0 && CmdBuffer.Size > 1 && ImDrawCmd_HeaderCompare(&_CmdHeader, prev_cmd) == 0 && ImDrawCmd_AreSequentialIdxOffset(prev_cmd, curr_cmd) && prev_cmd->UserCallback == NULL)
+    {
+        CmdBuffer.pop_back();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    curr_cmd->ClipRect = _CmdHeader.ClipRect;
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::_OnChangedTextureID()
+{
+    // If current command is used with different settings we need to add a new command
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(CmdBuffer.Size > 0);
+    ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    if (curr_cmd->ElemCount != 0 && curr_cmd->TextureId != _CmdHeader.TextureId)
+    {
+        AddDrawCmd();
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(curr_cmd->UserCallback == NULL);
+
+    // Try to merge with previous command if it matches, else use current command
+    ImDrawCmd* prev_cmd = curr_cmd - 1;
+    if (curr_cmd->ElemCount == 0 && CmdBuffer.Size > 1 && ImDrawCmd_HeaderCompare(&_CmdHeader, prev_cmd) == 0 && ImDrawCmd_AreSequentialIdxOffset(prev_cmd, curr_cmd) && prev_cmd->UserCallback == NULL)
+    {
+        CmdBuffer.pop_back();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    curr_cmd->TextureId = _CmdHeader.TextureId;
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::_OnChangedVtxOffset()
+{
+    // We don't need to compare curr_cmd->VtxOffset != _CmdHeader.VtxOffset because we know it'll be different at the time we call this.
+    _VtxCurrentIdx = 0;
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(CmdBuffer.Size > 0);
+    ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    //IM_ASSERT(curr_cmd->VtxOffset != _CmdHeader.VtxOffset); // See #3349
+    if (curr_cmd->ElemCount != 0)
+    {
+        AddDrawCmd();
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(curr_cmd->UserCallback == NULL);
+    curr_cmd->VtxOffset = _CmdHeader.VtxOffset;
+}
+
+int ImDrawList::_CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(float radius) const
+{
+    // Automatic segment count
+    const int radius_idx = (int)(radius + 0.999999f); // ceil to never reduce accuracy
+    if (radius_idx < IM_ARRAYSIZE(_Data->CircleSegmentCounts))
+        return _Data->CircleSegmentCounts[radius_idx]; // Use cached value
+    else
+        return IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC(radius, _Data->CircleSegmentMaxError);
+}
+
+// Render-level scissoring. This is passed down to your render function but not used for CPU-side coarse clipping. Prefer using higher-level ImGui::PushClipRect() to affect logic (hit-testing and widget culling)
+void ImDrawList::PushClipRect(const ImVec2& cr_min, const ImVec2& cr_max, bool intersect_with_current_clip_rect)
+{
+    ImVec4 cr(cr_min.x, cr_min.y, cr_max.x, cr_max.y);
+    if (intersect_with_current_clip_rect)
+    {
+        ImVec4 current = _CmdHeader.ClipRect;
+        if (cr.x < current.x) cr.x = current.x;
+        if (cr.y < current.y) cr.y = current.y;
+        if (cr.z > current.z) cr.z = current.z;
+        if (cr.w > current.w) cr.w = current.w;
+    }
+    cr.z = ImMax(cr.x, cr.z);
+    cr.w = ImMax(cr.y, cr.w);
+
+    _ClipRectStack.push_back(cr);
+    _CmdHeader.ClipRect = cr;
+    _OnChangedClipRect();
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PushClipRectFullScreen()
+{
+    PushClipRect(ImVec2(_Data->ClipRectFullscreen.x, _Data->ClipRectFullscreen.y), ImVec2(_Data->ClipRectFullscreen.z, _Data->ClipRectFullscreen.w));
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PopClipRect()
+{
+    _ClipRectStack.pop_back();
+    _CmdHeader.ClipRect = (_ClipRectStack.Size == 0) ? _Data->ClipRectFullscreen : _ClipRectStack.Data[_ClipRectStack.Size - 1];
+    _OnChangedClipRect();
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PushTextureID(ImTextureID texture_id)
+{
+    _TextureIdStack.push_back(texture_id);
+    _CmdHeader.TextureId = texture_id;
+    _OnChangedTextureID();
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PopTextureID()
+{
+    _TextureIdStack.pop_back();
+    _CmdHeader.TextureId = (_TextureIdStack.Size == 0) ? (ImTextureID)NULL : _TextureIdStack.Data[_TextureIdStack.Size - 1];
+    _OnChangedTextureID();
+}
+
+// Reserve space for a number of vertices and indices.
+// You must finish filling your reserved data before calling PrimReserve() again, as it may reallocate or
+// submit the intermediate results. PrimUnreserve() can be used to release unused allocations.
+void ImDrawList::PrimReserve(int idx_count, int vtx_count)
+{
+    // Large mesh support (when enabled)
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(idx_count >= 0 && vtx_count >= 0);
+    if (sizeof(ImDrawIdx) == 2 && (_VtxCurrentIdx + vtx_count >= (1 << 16)) && (Flags & ImDrawListFlags_AllowVtxOffset))
+    {
+        // FIXME: In theory we should be testing that vtx_count <64k here.
+        // In practice, RenderText() relies on reserving ahead for a worst case scenario so it is currently useful for us
+        // to not make that check until we rework the text functions to handle clipping and large horizontal lines better.
+        _CmdHeader.VtxOffset = VtxBuffer.Size;
+        _OnChangedVtxOffset();
+    }
+
+    ImDrawCmd* draw_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    draw_cmd->ElemCount += idx_count;
+
+    int vtx_buffer_old_size = VtxBuffer.Size;
+    VtxBuffer.resize(vtx_buffer_old_size + vtx_count);
+    _VtxWritePtr = VtxBuffer.Data + vtx_buffer_old_size;
+
+    int idx_buffer_old_size = IdxBuffer.Size;
+    IdxBuffer.resize(idx_buffer_old_size + idx_count);
+    _IdxWritePtr = IdxBuffer.Data + idx_buffer_old_size;
+}
+
+// Release the a number of reserved vertices/indices from the end of the last reservation made with PrimReserve().
+void ImDrawList::PrimUnreserve(int idx_count, int vtx_count)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(idx_count >= 0 && vtx_count >= 0);
+
+    ImDrawCmd* draw_cmd = &CmdBuffer.Data[CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    draw_cmd->ElemCount -= idx_count;
+    VtxBuffer.shrink(VtxBuffer.Size - vtx_count);
+    IdxBuffer.shrink(IdxBuffer.Size - idx_count);
+}
+
+// Fully unrolled with inline call to keep our debug builds decently fast.
+void ImDrawList::PrimRect(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& c, ImU32 col)
+{
+    ImVec2 b(c.x, a.y), d(a.x, c.y), uv(_Data->TexUvWhitePixel);
+    ImDrawIdx idx = (ImDrawIdx)_VtxCurrentIdx;
+    _IdxWritePtr[0] = idx; _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+1); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+2);
+    _IdxWritePtr[3] = idx; _IdxWritePtr[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+2); _IdxWritePtr[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+3);
+    _VtxWritePtr[0].pos = a; _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[1].pos = b; _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[2].pos = c; _VtxWritePtr[2].uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr[2].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[3].pos = d; _VtxWritePtr[3].uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr[3].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr += 4;
+    _VtxCurrentIdx += 4;
+    _IdxWritePtr += 6;
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PrimRectUV(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& uv_a, const ImVec2& uv_c, ImU32 col)
+{
+    ImVec2 b(c.x, a.y), d(a.x, c.y), uv_b(uv_c.x, uv_a.y), uv_d(uv_a.x, uv_c.y);
+    ImDrawIdx idx = (ImDrawIdx)_VtxCurrentIdx;
+    _IdxWritePtr[0] = idx; _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+1); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+2);
+    _IdxWritePtr[3] = idx; _IdxWritePtr[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+2); _IdxWritePtr[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+3);
+    _VtxWritePtr[0].pos = a; _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = uv_a; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[1].pos = b; _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = uv_b; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[2].pos = c; _VtxWritePtr[2].uv = uv_c; _VtxWritePtr[2].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[3].pos = d; _VtxWritePtr[3].uv = uv_d; _VtxWritePtr[3].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr += 4;
+    _VtxCurrentIdx += 4;
+    _IdxWritePtr += 6;
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PrimQuadUV(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& d, const ImVec2& uv_a, const ImVec2& uv_b, const ImVec2& uv_c, const ImVec2& uv_d, ImU32 col)
+{
+    ImDrawIdx idx = (ImDrawIdx)_VtxCurrentIdx;
+    _IdxWritePtr[0] = idx; _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+1); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+2);
+    _IdxWritePtr[3] = idx; _IdxWritePtr[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+2); _IdxWritePtr[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx+3);
+    _VtxWritePtr[0].pos = a; _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = uv_a; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[1].pos = b; _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = uv_b; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[2].pos = c; _VtxWritePtr[2].uv = uv_c; _VtxWritePtr[2].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr[3].pos = d; _VtxWritePtr[3].uv = uv_d; _VtxWritePtr[3].col = col;
+    _VtxWritePtr += 4;
+    _VtxCurrentIdx += 4;
+    _IdxWritePtr += 6;
+}
+
+// On AddPolyline() and AddConvexPolyFilled() we intentionally avoid using ImVec2 and superfluous function calls to optimize debug/non-inlined builds.
+// - Those macros expects l-values and need to be used as their own statement.
+// - Those macros are intentionally not surrounded by the 'do {} while (0)' idiom because even that translates to runtime with debug compilers.
+#define IM_NORMALIZE2F_OVER_ZERO(VX,VY)     { float d2 = VX*VX + VY*VY; if (d2 > 0.0f) { float inv_len = ImRsqrt(d2); VX *= inv_len; VY *= inv_len; } } (void)0
+#define IM_FIXNORMAL2F_MAX_INVLEN2          100.0f // 500.0f (see #4053, #3366)
+#define IM_FIXNORMAL2F(VX,VY)               { float d2 = VX*VX + VY*VY; if (d2 > 0.000001f) { float inv_len2 = 1.0f / d2; if (inv_len2 > IM_FIXNORMAL2F_MAX_INVLEN2) inv_len2 = IM_FIXNORMAL2F_MAX_INVLEN2; VX *= inv_len2; VY *= inv_len2; } } (void)0
+
+// TODO: Thickness anti-aliased lines cap are missing their AA fringe.
+// We avoid using the ImVec2 math operators here to reduce cost to a minimum for debug/non-inlined builds.
+void ImDrawList::AddPolyline(const ImVec2* points, const int points_count, ImU32 col, ImDrawFlags flags, float thickness)
+{
+    if (points_count < 2 || (col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    const bool closed = (flags & ImDrawFlags_Closed) != 0;
+    const ImVec2 opaque_uv = _Data->TexUvWhitePixel;
+    const int count = closed ? points_count : points_count - 1; // The number of line segments we need to draw
+    const bool thick_line = (thickness > _FringeScale);
+
+    if (Flags & ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLines)
+    {
+        // Anti-aliased stroke
+        const float AA_SIZE = _FringeScale;
+        const ImU32 col_trans = col & ~IM_COL32_A_MASK;
+
+        // Thicknesses <1.0 should behave like thickness 1.0
+        thickness = ImMax(thickness, 1.0f);
+        const int integer_thickness = (int)thickness;
+        const float fractional_thickness = thickness - integer_thickness;
+
+        // Do we want to draw this line using a texture?
+        // - For now, only draw integer-width lines using textures to avoid issues with the way scaling occurs, could be improved.
+        // - If AA_SIZE is not 1.0f we cannot use the texture path.
+        const bool use_texture = (Flags & ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLinesUseTex) && (integer_thickness < IM_DRAWLIST_TEX_LINES_WIDTH_MAX) && (fractional_thickness <= 0.00001f) && (AA_SIZE == 1.0f);
+
+        // We should never hit this, because NewFrame() doesn't set ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLinesUseTex unless ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines is off
+        IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(!use_texture || !(_Data->Font->ContainerAtlas->Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines));
+
+        const int idx_count = use_texture ? (count * 6) : (thick_line ? count * 18 : count * 12);
+        const int vtx_count = use_texture ? (points_count * 2) : (thick_line ? points_count * 4 : points_count * 3);
+        PrimReserve(idx_count, vtx_count);
+
+        // Temporary buffer
+        // The first <points_count> items are normals at each line point, then after that there are either 2 or 4 temp points for each line point
+        _Data->TempBuffer.reserve_discard(points_count * ((use_texture || !thick_line) ? 3 : 5));
+        ImVec2* temp_normals = _Data->TempBuffer.Data;
+        ImVec2* temp_points = temp_normals + points_count;
+
+        // Calculate normals (tangents) for each line segment
+        for (int i1 = 0; i1 < count; i1++)
+        {
+            const int i2 = (i1 + 1) == points_count ? 0 : i1 + 1;
+            float dx = points[i2].x - points[i1].x;
+            float dy = points[i2].y - points[i1].y;
+            IM_NORMALIZE2F_OVER_ZERO(dx, dy);
+            temp_normals[i1].x = dy;
+            temp_normals[i1].y = -dx;
+        }
+        if (!closed)
+            temp_normals[points_count - 1] = temp_normals[points_count - 2];
+
+        // If we are drawing a one-pixel-wide line without a texture, or a textured line of any width, we only need 2 or 3 vertices per point
+        if (use_texture || !thick_line)
+        {
+            // [PATH 1] Texture-based lines (thick or non-thick)
+            // [PATH 2] Non texture-based lines (non-thick)
+
+            // The width of the geometry we need to draw - this is essentially <thickness> pixels for the line itself, plus "one pixel" for AA.
+            // - In the texture-based path, we don't use AA_SIZE here because the +1 is tied to the generated texture
+            //   (see ImFontAtlasBuildRenderLinesTexData() function), and so alternate values won't work without changes to that code.
+            // - In the non texture-based paths, we would allow AA_SIZE to potentially be != 1.0f with a patch (e.g. fringe_scale patch to
+            //   allow scaling geometry while preserving one-screen-pixel AA fringe).
+            const float half_draw_size = use_texture ? ((thickness * 0.5f) + 1) : AA_SIZE;
+
+            // If line is not closed, the first and last points need to be generated differently as there are no normals to blend
+            if (!closed)
+            {
+                temp_points[0] = points[0] + temp_normals[0] * half_draw_size;
+                temp_points[1] = points[0] - temp_normals[0] * half_draw_size;
+                temp_points[(points_count-1)*2+0] = points[points_count-1] + temp_normals[points_count-1] * half_draw_size;
+                temp_points[(points_count-1)*2+1] = points[points_count-1] - temp_normals[points_count-1] * half_draw_size;
+            }
+
+            // Generate the indices to form a number of triangles for each line segment, and the vertices for the line edges
+            // This takes points n and n+1 and writes into n+1, with the first point in a closed line being generated from the final one (as n+1 wraps)
+            // FIXME-OPT: Merge the different loops, possibly remove the temporary buffer.
+            unsigned int idx1 = _VtxCurrentIdx; // Vertex index for start of line segment
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < count; i1++) // i1 is the first point of the line segment
+            {
+                const int i2 = (i1 + 1) == points_count ? 0 : i1 + 1; // i2 is the second point of the line segment
+                const unsigned int idx2 = ((i1 + 1) == points_count) ? _VtxCurrentIdx : (idx1 + (use_texture ? 2 : 3)); // Vertex index for end of segment
+
+                // Average normals
+                float dm_x = (temp_normals[i1].x + temp_normals[i2].x) * 0.5f;
+                float dm_y = (temp_normals[i1].y + temp_normals[i2].y) * 0.5f;
+                IM_FIXNORMAL2F(dm_x, dm_y);
+                dm_x *= half_draw_size; // dm_x, dm_y are offset to the outer edge of the AA area
+                dm_y *= half_draw_size;
+
+                // Add temporary vertexes for the outer edges
+                ImVec2* out_vtx = &temp_points[i2 * 2];
+                out_vtx[0].x = points[i2].x + dm_x;
+                out_vtx[0].y = points[i2].y + dm_y;
+                out_vtx[1].x = points[i2].x - dm_x;
+                out_vtx[1].y = points[i2].y - dm_y;
+
+                if (use_texture)
+                {
+                    // Add indices for two triangles
+                    _IdxWritePtr[0] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 1); // Right tri
+                    _IdxWritePtr[3] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 0); // Left tri
+                    _IdxWritePtr += 6;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Add indexes for four triangles
+                    _IdxWritePtr[0] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 2); // Right tri 1
+                    _IdxWritePtr[3] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 2); _IdxWritePtr[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 2); _IdxWritePtr[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 0); // Right tri 2
+                    _IdxWritePtr[6] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[7] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[8] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 0); // Left tri 1
+                    _IdxWritePtr[9] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[10] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[11] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 1); // Left tri 2
+                    _IdxWritePtr += 12;
+                }
+
+                idx1 = idx2;
+            }
+
+            // Add vertexes for each point on the line
+            if (use_texture)
+            {
+                // If we're using textures we only need to emit the left/right edge vertices
+                ImVec4 tex_uvs = _Data->TexUvLines[integer_thickness];
+                /*if (fractional_thickness != 0.0f) // Currently always zero when use_texture==false!
+                {
+                    const ImVec4 tex_uvs_1 = _Data->TexUvLines[integer_thickness + 1];
+                    tex_uvs.x = tex_uvs.x + (tex_uvs_1.x - tex_uvs.x) * fractional_thickness; // inlined ImLerp()
+                    tex_uvs.y = tex_uvs.y + (tex_uvs_1.y - tex_uvs.y) * fractional_thickness;
+                    tex_uvs.z = tex_uvs.z + (tex_uvs_1.z - tex_uvs.z) * fractional_thickness;
+                    tex_uvs.w = tex_uvs.w + (tex_uvs_1.w - tex_uvs.w) * fractional_thickness;
+                }*/
+                ImVec2 tex_uv0(tex_uvs.x, tex_uvs.y);
+                ImVec2 tex_uv1(tex_uvs.z, tex_uvs.w);
+                for (int i = 0; i < points_count; i++)
+                {
+                    _VtxWritePtr[0].pos = temp_points[i * 2 + 0]; _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = tex_uv0; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col; // Left-side outer edge
+                    _VtxWritePtr[1].pos = temp_points[i * 2 + 1]; _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = tex_uv1; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col; // Right-side outer edge
+                    _VtxWritePtr += 2;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // If we're not using a texture, we need the center vertex as well
+                for (int i = 0; i < points_count; i++)
+                {
+                    _VtxWritePtr[0].pos = points[i];              _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col;       // Center of line
+                    _VtxWritePtr[1].pos = temp_points[i * 2 + 0]; _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col_trans; // Left-side outer edge
+                    _VtxWritePtr[2].pos = temp_points[i * 2 + 1]; _VtxWritePtr[2].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[2].col = col_trans; // Right-side outer edge
+                    _VtxWritePtr += 3;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // [PATH 2] Non texture-based lines (thick): we need to draw the solid line core and thus require four vertices per point
+            const float half_inner_thickness = (thickness - AA_SIZE) * 0.5f;
+
+            // If line is not closed, the first and last points need to be generated differently as there are no normals to blend
+            if (!closed)
+            {
+                const int points_last = points_count - 1;
+                temp_points[0] = points[0] + temp_normals[0] * (half_inner_thickness + AA_SIZE);
+                temp_points[1] = points[0] + temp_normals[0] * (half_inner_thickness);
+                temp_points[2] = points[0] - temp_normals[0] * (half_inner_thickness);
+                temp_points[3] = points[0] - temp_normals[0] * (half_inner_thickness + AA_SIZE);
+                temp_points[points_last * 4 + 0] = points[points_last] + temp_normals[points_last] * (half_inner_thickness + AA_SIZE);
+                temp_points[points_last * 4 + 1] = points[points_last] + temp_normals[points_last] * (half_inner_thickness);
+                temp_points[points_last * 4 + 2] = points[points_last] - temp_normals[points_last] * (half_inner_thickness);
+                temp_points[points_last * 4 + 3] = points[points_last] - temp_normals[points_last] * (half_inner_thickness + AA_SIZE);
+            }
+
+            // Generate the indices to form a number of triangles for each line segment, and the vertices for the line edges
+            // This takes points n and n+1 and writes into n+1, with the first point in a closed line being generated from the final one (as n+1 wraps)
+            // FIXME-OPT: Merge the different loops, possibly remove the temporary buffer.
+            unsigned int idx1 = _VtxCurrentIdx; // Vertex index for start of line segment
+            for (int i1 = 0; i1 < count; i1++) // i1 is the first point of the line segment
+            {
+                const int i2 = (i1 + 1) == points_count ? 0 : (i1 + 1); // i2 is the second point of the line segment
+                const unsigned int idx2 = (i1 + 1) == points_count ? _VtxCurrentIdx : (idx1 + 4); // Vertex index for end of segment
+
+                // Average normals
+                float dm_x = (temp_normals[i1].x + temp_normals[i2].x) * 0.5f;
+                float dm_y = (temp_normals[i1].y + temp_normals[i2].y) * 0.5f;
+                IM_FIXNORMAL2F(dm_x, dm_y);
+                float dm_out_x = dm_x * (half_inner_thickness + AA_SIZE);
+                float dm_out_y = dm_y * (half_inner_thickness + AA_SIZE);
+                float dm_in_x = dm_x * half_inner_thickness;
+                float dm_in_y = dm_y * half_inner_thickness;
+
+                // Add temporary vertices
+                ImVec2* out_vtx = &temp_points[i2 * 4];
+                out_vtx[0].x = points[i2].x + dm_out_x;
+                out_vtx[0].y = points[i2].y + dm_out_y;
+                out_vtx[1].x = points[i2].x + dm_in_x;
+                out_vtx[1].y = points[i2].y + dm_in_y;
+                out_vtx[2].x = points[i2].x - dm_in_x;
+                out_vtx[2].y = points[i2].y - dm_in_y;
+                out_vtx[3].x = points[i2].x - dm_out_x;
+                out_vtx[3].y = points[i2].y - dm_out_y;
+
+                // Add indexes
+                _IdxWritePtr[0]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[1]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[2]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 2);
+                _IdxWritePtr[3]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 2); _IdxWritePtr[4]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 2); _IdxWritePtr[5]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 1);
+                _IdxWritePtr[6]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[7]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 1); _IdxWritePtr[8]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 0);
+                _IdxWritePtr[9]  = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[10] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 0); _IdxWritePtr[11] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 1);
+                _IdxWritePtr[12] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 2); _IdxWritePtr[13] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 2); _IdxWritePtr[14] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 3);
+                _IdxWritePtr[15] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx1 + 3); _IdxWritePtr[16] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 3); _IdxWritePtr[17] = (ImDrawIdx)(idx2 + 2);
+                _IdxWritePtr += 18;
+
+                idx1 = idx2;
+            }
+
+            // Add vertices
+            for (int i = 0; i < points_count; i++)
+            {
+                _VtxWritePtr[0].pos = temp_points[i * 4 + 0]; _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col_trans;
+                _VtxWritePtr[1].pos = temp_points[i * 4 + 1]; _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col;
+                _VtxWritePtr[2].pos = temp_points[i * 4 + 2]; _VtxWritePtr[2].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[2].col = col;
+                _VtxWritePtr[3].pos = temp_points[i * 4 + 3]; _VtxWritePtr[3].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[3].col = col_trans;
+                _VtxWritePtr += 4;
+            }
+        }
+        _VtxCurrentIdx += (ImDrawIdx)vtx_count;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // [PATH 4] Non texture-based, Non anti-aliased lines
+        const int idx_count = count * 6;
+        const int vtx_count = count * 4;    // FIXME-OPT: Not sharing edges
+        PrimReserve(idx_count, vtx_count);
+
+        for (int i1 = 0; i1 < count; i1++)
+        {
+            const int i2 = (i1 + 1) == points_count ? 0 : i1 + 1;
+            const ImVec2& p1 = points[i1];
+            const ImVec2& p2 = points[i2];
+
+            float dx = p2.x - p1.x;
+            float dy = p2.y - p1.y;
+            IM_NORMALIZE2F_OVER_ZERO(dx, dy);
+            dx *= (thickness * 0.5f);
+            dy *= (thickness * 0.5f);
+
+            _VtxWritePtr[0].pos.x = p1.x + dy; _VtxWritePtr[0].pos.y = p1.y - dx; _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col;
+            _VtxWritePtr[1].pos.x = p2.x + dy; _VtxWritePtr[1].pos.y = p2.y - dx; _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col;
+            _VtxWritePtr[2].pos.x = p2.x - dy; _VtxWritePtr[2].pos.y = p2.y + dx; _VtxWritePtr[2].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[2].col = col;
+            _VtxWritePtr[3].pos.x = p1.x - dy; _VtxWritePtr[3].pos.y = p1.y + dx; _VtxWritePtr[3].uv = opaque_uv; _VtxWritePtr[3].col = col;
+            _VtxWritePtr += 4;
+
+            _IdxWritePtr[0] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx); _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 1); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 2);
+            _IdxWritePtr[3] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx); _IdxWritePtr[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 2); _IdxWritePtr[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 3);
+            _IdxWritePtr += 6;
+            _VtxCurrentIdx += 4;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// - We intentionally avoid using ImVec2 and its math operators here to reduce cost to a minimum for debug/non-inlined builds.
+// - Filled shapes must always use clockwise winding order. The anti-aliasing fringe depends on it. Counter-clockwise shapes will have "inward" anti-aliasing.
+void ImDrawList::AddConvexPolyFilled(const ImVec2* points, const int points_count, ImU32 col)
+{
+    if (points_count < 3 || (col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    const ImVec2 uv = _Data->TexUvWhitePixel;
+
+    if (Flags & ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedFill)
+    {
+        // Anti-aliased Fill
+        const float AA_SIZE = _FringeScale;
+        const ImU32 col_trans = col & ~IM_COL32_A_MASK;
+        const int idx_count = (points_count - 2)*3 + points_count * 6;
+        const int vtx_count = (points_count * 2);
+        PrimReserve(idx_count, vtx_count);
+
+        // Add indexes for fill
+        unsigned int vtx_inner_idx = _VtxCurrentIdx;
+        unsigned int vtx_outer_idx = _VtxCurrentIdx + 1;
+        for (int i = 2; i < points_count; i++)
+        {
+            _IdxWritePtr[0] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_inner_idx); _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_inner_idx + ((i - 1) << 1)); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_inner_idx + (i << 1));
+            _IdxWritePtr += 3;
+        }
+
+        // Compute normals
+        _Data->TempBuffer.reserve_discard(points_count);
+        ImVec2* temp_normals = _Data->TempBuffer.Data;
+        for (int i0 = points_count - 1, i1 = 0; i1 < points_count; i0 = i1++)
+        {
+            const ImVec2& p0 = points[i0];
+            const ImVec2& p1 = points[i1];
+            float dx = p1.x - p0.x;
+            float dy = p1.y - p0.y;
+            IM_NORMALIZE2F_OVER_ZERO(dx, dy);
+            temp_normals[i0].x = dy;
+            temp_normals[i0].y = -dx;
+        }
+
+        for (int i0 = points_count - 1, i1 = 0; i1 < points_count; i0 = i1++)
+        {
+            // Average normals
+            const ImVec2& n0 = temp_normals[i0];
+            const ImVec2& n1 = temp_normals[i1];
+            float dm_x = (n0.x + n1.x) * 0.5f;
+            float dm_y = (n0.y + n1.y) * 0.5f;
+            IM_FIXNORMAL2F(dm_x, dm_y);
+            dm_x *= AA_SIZE * 0.5f;
+            dm_y *= AA_SIZE * 0.5f;
+
+            // Add vertices
+            _VtxWritePtr[0].pos.x = (points[i1].x - dm_x); _VtxWritePtr[0].pos.y = (points[i1].y - dm_y); _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col;        // Inner
+            _VtxWritePtr[1].pos.x = (points[i1].x + dm_x); _VtxWritePtr[1].pos.y = (points[i1].y + dm_y); _VtxWritePtr[1].uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr[1].col = col_trans;  // Outer
+            _VtxWritePtr += 2;
+
+            // Add indexes for fringes
+            _IdxWritePtr[0] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_inner_idx + (i1 << 1)); _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_inner_idx + (i0 << 1)); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_outer_idx + (i0 << 1));
+            _IdxWritePtr[3] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_outer_idx + (i0 << 1)); _IdxWritePtr[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_outer_idx + (i1 << 1)); _IdxWritePtr[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_inner_idx + (i1 << 1));
+            _IdxWritePtr += 6;
+        }
+        _VtxCurrentIdx += (ImDrawIdx)vtx_count;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Non Anti-aliased Fill
+        const int idx_count = (points_count - 2)*3;
+        const int vtx_count = points_count;
+        PrimReserve(idx_count, vtx_count);
+        for (int i = 0; i < vtx_count; i++)
+        {
+            _VtxWritePtr[0].pos = points[i]; _VtxWritePtr[0].uv = uv; _VtxWritePtr[0].col = col;
+            _VtxWritePtr++;
+        }
+        for (int i = 2; i < points_count; i++)
+        {
+            _IdxWritePtr[0] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx); _IdxWritePtr[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + i - 1); _IdxWritePtr[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + i);
+            _IdxWritePtr += 3;
+        }
+        _VtxCurrentIdx += (ImDrawIdx)vtx_count;
+    }
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::_PathArcToFastEx(const ImVec2& center, float radius, int a_min_sample, int a_max_sample, int a_step)
+{
+    if (radius < 0.5f)
+    {
+        _Path.push_back(center);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Calculate arc auto segment step size
+    if (a_step <= 0)
+        a_step = IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX / _CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(radius);
+
+    // Make sure we never do steps larger than one quarter of the circle
+    a_step = ImClamp(a_step, 1, IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_TABLE_SIZE / 4);
+
+    const int sample_range = ImAbs(a_max_sample - a_min_sample);
+    const int a_next_step = a_step;
+
+    int samples = sample_range + 1;
+    bool extra_max_sample = false;
+    if (a_step > 1)
+    {
+        samples            = sample_range / a_step + 1;
+        const int overstep = sample_range % a_step;
+
+        if (overstep > 0)
+        {
+            extra_max_sample = true;
+            samples++;
+
+            // When we have overstep to avoid awkwardly looking one long line and one tiny one at the end,
+            // distribute first step range evenly between them by reducing first step size.
+            if (sample_range > 0)
+                a_step -= (a_step - overstep) / 2;
+        }
+    }
+
+    _Path.resize(_Path.Size + samples);
+    ImVec2* out_ptr = _Path.Data + (_Path.Size - samples);
+
+    int sample_index = a_min_sample;
+    if (sample_index < 0 || sample_index >= IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX)
+    {
+        sample_index = sample_index % IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+        if (sample_index < 0)
+            sample_index += IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+    }
+
+    if (a_max_sample >= a_min_sample)
+    {
+        for (int a = a_min_sample; a <= a_max_sample; a += a_step, sample_index += a_step, a_step = a_next_step)
+        {
+            // a_step is clamped to IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX, so we have guaranteed that it will not wrap over range twice or more
+            if (sample_index >= IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX)
+                sample_index -= IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+
+            const ImVec2 s = _Data->ArcFastVtx[sample_index];
+            out_ptr->x = center.x + s.x * radius;
+            out_ptr->y = center.y + s.y * radius;
+            out_ptr++;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (int a = a_min_sample; a >= a_max_sample; a -= a_step, sample_index -= a_step, a_step = a_next_step)
+        {
+            // a_step is clamped to IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX, so we have guaranteed that it will not wrap over range twice or more
+            if (sample_index < 0)
+                sample_index += IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+
+            const ImVec2 s = _Data->ArcFastVtx[sample_index];
+            out_ptr->x = center.x + s.x * radius;
+            out_ptr->y = center.y + s.y * radius;
+            out_ptr++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (extra_max_sample)
+    {
+        int normalized_max_sample = a_max_sample % IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+        if (normalized_max_sample < 0)
+            normalized_max_sample += IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+
+        const ImVec2 s = _Data->ArcFastVtx[normalized_max_sample];
+        out_ptr->x = center.x + s.x * radius;
+        out_ptr->y = center.y + s.y * radius;
+        out_ptr++;
+    }
+
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(_Path.Data + _Path.Size == out_ptr);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::_PathArcToN(const ImVec2& center, float radius, float a_min, float a_max, int num_segments)
+{
+    if (radius < 0.5f)
+    {
+        _Path.push_back(center);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Note that we are adding a point at both a_min and a_max.
+    // If you are trying to draw a full closed circle you don't want the overlapping points!
+    _Path.reserve(_Path.Size + (num_segments + 1));
+    for (int i = 0; i <= num_segments; i++)
+    {
+        const float a = a_min + ((float)i / (float)num_segments) * (a_max - a_min);
+        _Path.push_back(ImVec2(center.x + ImCos(a) * radius, center.y + ImSin(a) * radius));
+    }
+}
+
+// 0: East, 3: South, 6: West, 9: North, 12: East
+void ImDrawList::PathArcToFast(const ImVec2& center, float radius, int a_min_of_12, int a_max_of_12)
+{
+    if (radius < 0.5f)
+    {
+        _Path.push_back(center);
+        return;
+    }
+    _PathArcToFastEx(center, radius, a_min_of_12 * IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX / 12, a_max_of_12 * IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX / 12, 0);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PathArcTo(const ImVec2& center, float radius, float a_min, float a_max, int num_segments)
+{
+    if (radius < 0.5f)
+    {
+        _Path.push_back(center);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (num_segments > 0)
+    {
+        _PathArcToN(center, radius, a_min, a_max, num_segments);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Automatic segment count
+    if (radius <= _Data->ArcFastRadiusCutoff)
+    {
+        const bool a_is_reverse = a_max < a_min;
+
+        // We are going to use precomputed values for mid samples.
+        // Determine first and last sample in lookup table that belong to the arc.
+        const float a_min_sample_f = IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX * a_min / (IM_PI * 2.0f);
+        const float a_max_sample_f = IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX * a_max / (IM_PI * 2.0f);
+
+        const int a_min_sample = a_is_reverse ? (int)ImFloorSigned(a_min_sample_f) : (int)ImCeil(a_min_sample_f);
+        const int a_max_sample = a_is_reverse ? (int)ImCeil(a_max_sample_f) : (int)ImFloorSigned(a_max_sample_f);
+        const int a_mid_samples = a_is_reverse ? ImMax(a_min_sample - a_max_sample, 0) : ImMax(a_max_sample - a_min_sample, 0);
+
+        const float a_min_segment_angle = a_min_sample * IM_PI * 2.0f / IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+        const float a_max_segment_angle = a_max_sample * IM_PI * 2.0f / IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX;
+        const bool a_emit_start = ImAbs(a_min_segment_angle - a_min) >= 1e-5f;
+        const bool a_emit_end = ImAbs(a_max - a_max_segment_angle) >= 1e-5f;
+
+        _Path.reserve(_Path.Size + (a_mid_samples + 1 + (a_emit_start ? 1 : 0) + (a_emit_end ? 1 : 0)));
+        if (a_emit_start)
+            _Path.push_back(ImVec2(center.x + ImCos(a_min) * radius, center.y + ImSin(a_min) * radius));
+        if (a_mid_samples > 0)
+            _PathArcToFastEx(center, radius, a_min_sample, a_max_sample, 0);
+        if (a_emit_end)
+            _Path.push_back(ImVec2(center.x + ImCos(a_max) * radius, center.y + ImSin(a_max) * radius));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const float arc_length = ImAbs(a_max - a_min);
+        const int circle_segment_count = _CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(radius);
+        const int arc_segment_count = ImMax((int)ImCeil(circle_segment_count * arc_length / (IM_PI * 2.0f)), (int)(2.0f * IM_PI / arc_length));
+        _PathArcToN(center, radius, a_min, a_max, arc_segment_count);
+    }
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImBezierCubicCalc(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, float t)
+{
+    float u = 1.0f - t;
+    float w1 = u * u * u;
+    float w2 = 3 * u * u * t;
+    float w3 = 3 * u * t * t;
+    float w4 = t * t * t;
+    return ImVec2(w1 * p1.x + w2 * p2.x + w3 * p3.x + w4 * p4.x, w1 * p1.y + w2 * p2.y + w3 * p3.y + w4 * p4.y);
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImBezierQuadraticCalc(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, float t)
+{
+    float u = 1.0f - t;
+    float w1 = u * u;
+    float w2 = 2 * u * t;
+    float w3 = t * t;
+    return ImVec2(w1 * p1.x + w2 * p2.x + w3 * p3.x, w1 * p1.y + w2 * p2.y + w3 * p3.y);
+}
+
+// Closely mimics ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljau() in imgui.cpp
+static void PathBezierCubicCurveToCasteljau(ImVector<ImVec2>* path, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3, float x4, float y4, float tess_tol, int level)
+{
+    float dx = x4 - x1;
+    float dy = y4 - y1;
+    float d2 = (x2 - x4) * dy - (y2 - y4) * dx;
+    float d3 = (x3 - x4) * dy - (y3 - y4) * dx;
+    d2 = (d2 >= 0) ? d2 : -d2;
+    d3 = (d3 >= 0) ? d3 : -d3;
+    if ((d2 + d3) * (d2 + d3) < tess_tol * (dx * dx + dy * dy))
+    {
+        path->push_back(ImVec2(x4, y4));
+    }
+    else if (level < 10)
+    {
+        float x12 = (x1 + x2) * 0.5f, y12 = (y1 + y2) * 0.5f;
+        float x23 = (x2 + x3) * 0.5f, y23 = (y2 + y3) * 0.5f;
+        float x34 = (x3 + x4) * 0.5f, y34 = (y3 + y4) * 0.5f;
+        float x123 = (x12 + x23) * 0.5f, y123 = (y12 + y23) * 0.5f;
+        float x234 = (x23 + x34) * 0.5f, y234 = (y23 + y34) * 0.5f;
+        float x1234 = (x123 + x234) * 0.5f, y1234 = (y123 + y234) * 0.5f;
+        PathBezierCubicCurveToCasteljau(path, x1, y1, x12, y12, x123, y123, x1234, y1234, tess_tol, level + 1);
+        PathBezierCubicCurveToCasteljau(path, x1234, y1234, x234, y234, x34, y34, x4, y4, tess_tol, level + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+static void PathBezierQuadraticCurveToCasteljau(ImVector<ImVec2>* path, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3, float tess_tol, int level)
+{
+    float dx = x3 - x1, dy = y3 - y1;
+    float det = (x2 - x3) * dy - (y2 - y3) * dx;
+    if (det * det * 4.0f < tess_tol * (dx * dx + dy * dy))
+    {
+        path->push_back(ImVec2(x3, y3));
+    }
+    else if (level < 10)
+    {
+        float x12 = (x1 + x2) * 0.5f, y12 = (y1 + y2) * 0.5f;
+        float x23 = (x2 + x3) * 0.5f, y23 = (y2 + y3) * 0.5f;
+        float x123 = (x12 + x23) * 0.5f, y123 = (y12 + y23) * 0.5f;
+        PathBezierQuadraticCurveToCasteljau(path, x1, y1, x12, y12, x123, y123, tess_tol, level + 1);
+        PathBezierQuadraticCurveToCasteljau(path, x123, y123, x23, y23, x3, y3, tess_tol, level + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PathBezierCubicCurveTo(const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, int num_segments)
+{
+    ImVec2 p1 = _Path.back();
+    if (num_segments == 0)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(_Data->CurveTessellationTol > 0.0f);
+        PathBezierCubicCurveToCasteljau(&_Path, p1.x, p1.y, p2.x, p2.y, p3.x, p3.y, p4.x, p4.y, _Data->CurveTessellationTol, 0); // Auto-tessellated
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        float t_step = 1.0f / (float)num_segments;
+        for (int i_step = 1; i_step <= num_segments; i_step++)
+            _Path.push_back(ImBezierCubicCalc(p1, p2, p3, p4, t_step * i_step));
+    }
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PathBezierQuadraticCurveTo(const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, int num_segments)
+{
+    ImVec2 p1 = _Path.back();
+    if (num_segments == 0)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(_Data->CurveTessellationTol > 0.0f);
+        PathBezierQuadraticCurveToCasteljau(&_Path, p1.x, p1.y, p2.x, p2.y, p3.x, p3.y, _Data->CurveTessellationTol, 0);// Auto-tessellated
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        float t_step = 1.0f / (float)num_segments;
+        for (int i_step = 1; i_step <= num_segments; i_step++)
+            _Path.push_back(ImBezierQuadraticCalc(p1, p2, p3, t_step * i_step));
+    }
+}
+
+IM_STATIC_ASSERT(ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft == (1 << 4));
+static inline ImDrawFlags FixRectCornerFlags(ImDrawFlags flags)
+{
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    // Obsoleted in 1.82 (from February 2021)
+    // Legacy Support for hard coded ~0 (used to be a suggested equivalent to ImDrawCornerFlags_All)
+    //   ~0   --> ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll or 0
+    if (flags == ~0)
+        return ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll;
+
+    // Legacy Support for hard coded 0x01 to 0x0F (matching 15 out of 16 old flags combinations)
+    //   0x01 --> ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft (VALUE 0x01 OVERLAPS ImDrawFlags_Closed but ImDrawFlags_Closed is never valid in this path!)
+    //   0x02 --> ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight
+    //   0x03 --> ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight
+    //   0x04 --> ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBotLeft
+    //   0x05 --> ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft | ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBotLeft
+    //   ...
+    //   0x0F --> ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll or 0
+    // (See all values in ImDrawCornerFlags_)
+    if (flags >= 0x01 && flags <= 0x0F)
+        return (flags << 4);
+
+    // We cannot support hard coded 0x00 with 'float rounding > 0.0f' --> replace with ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone or use 'float rounding = 0.0f'
+#endif
+
+    // If this triggers, please update your code replacing hardcoded values with new ImDrawFlags_RoundCorners* values.
+    // Note that ImDrawFlags_Closed (== 0x01) is an invalid flag for AddRect(), AddRectFilled(), PathRect() etc...
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & 0x0F) == 0 && "Misuse of legacy hardcoded ImDrawCornerFlags values!");
+
+    if ((flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll;
+
+    return flags;
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::PathRect(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, float rounding, ImDrawFlags flags)
+{
+    flags = FixRectCornerFlags(flags);
+    rounding = ImMin(rounding, ImFabs(b.x - a.x) * ( ((flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTop)  == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTop)  || ((flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottom) == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottom) ? 0.5f : 1.0f ) - 1.0f);
+    rounding = ImMin(rounding, ImFabs(b.y - a.y) * ( ((flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersLeft) == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersLeft) || ((flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersRight)  == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersRight)  ? 0.5f : 1.0f ) - 1.0f);
+
+    if (rounding < 0.5f || (flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersMask_) == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone)
+    {
+        PathLineTo(a);
+        PathLineTo(ImVec2(b.x, a.y));
+        PathLineTo(b);
+        PathLineTo(ImVec2(a.x, b.y));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const float rounding_tl = (flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft)     ? rounding : 0.0f;
+        const float rounding_tr = (flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight)    ? rounding : 0.0f;
+        const float rounding_br = (flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight) ? rounding : 0.0f;
+        const float rounding_bl = (flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft)  ? rounding : 0.0f;
+        PathArcToFast(ImVec2(a.x + rounding_tl, a.y + rounding_tl), rounding_tl, 6, 9);
+        PathArcToFast(ImVec2(b.x - rounding_tr, a.y + rounding_tr), rounding_tr, 9, 12);
+        PathArcToFast(ImVec2(b.x - rounding_br, b.y - rounding_br), rounding_br, 0, 3);
+        PathArcToFast(ImVec2(a.x + rounding_bl, b.y - rounding_bl), rounding_bl, 3, 6);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddLine(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, ImU32 col, float thickness)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+    PathLineTo(p1 + ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+    PathLineTo(p2 + ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+    PathStroke(col, 0, thickness);
+}
+
+// p_min = upper-left, p_max = lower-right
+// Note we don't render 1 pixels sized rectangles properly.
+void ImDrawList::AddRect(const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, ImU32 col, float rounding, ImDrawFlags flags, float thickness)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+    if (Flags & ImDrawListFlags_AntiAliasedLines)
+        PathRect(p_min + ImVec2(0.50f, 0.50f), p_max - ImVec2(0.50f, 0.50f), rounding, flags);
+    else
+        PathRect(p_min + ImVec2(0.50f, 0.50f), p_max - ImVec2(0.49f, 0.49f), rounding, flags); // Better looking lower-right corner and rounded non-AA shapes.
+    PathStroke(col, ImDrawFlags_Closed, thickness);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddRectFilled(const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, ImU32 col, float rounding, ImDrawFlags flags)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+    if (rounding < 0.5f || (flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersMask_) == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone)
+    {
+        PrimReserve(6, 4);
+        PrimRect(p_min, p_max, col);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        PathRect(p_min, p_max, rounding, flags);
+        PathFillConvex(col);
+    }
+}
+
+// p_min = upper-left, p_max = lower-right
+void ImDrawList::AddRectFilledMultiColor(const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, ImU32 col_upr_left, ImU32 col_upr_right, ImU32 col_bot_right, ImU32 col_bot_left)
+{
+    if (((col_upr_left | col_upr_right | col_bot_right | col_bot_left) & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    const ImVec2 uv = _Data->TexUvWhitePixel;
+    PrimReserve(6, 4);
+    PrimWriteIdx((ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx)); PrimWriteIdx((ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 1)); PrimWriteIdx((ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 2));
+    PrimWriteIdx((ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx)); PrimWriteIdx((ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 2)); PrimWriteIdx((ImDrawIdx)(_VtxCurrentIdx + 3));
+    PrimWriteVtx(p_min, uv, col_upr_left);
+    PrimWriteVtx(ImVec2(p_max.x, p_min.y), uv, col_upr_right);
+    PrimWriteVtx(p_max, uv, col_bot_right);
+    PrimWriteVtx(ImVec2(p_min.x, p_max.y), uv, col_bot_left);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddQuad(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, ImU32 col, float thickness)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    PathLineTo(p1);
+    PathLineTo(p2);
+    PathLineTo(p3);
+    PathLineTo(p4);
+    PathStroke(col, ImDrawFlags_Closed, thickness);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddQuadFilled(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, ImU32 col)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    PathLineTo(p1);
+    PathLineTo(p2);
+    PathLineTo(p3);
+    PathLineTo(p4);
+    PathFillConvex(col);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddTriangle(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, ImU32 col, float thickness)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    PathLineTo(p1);
+    PathLineTo(p2);
+    PathLineTo(p3);
+    PathStroke(col, ImDrawFlags_Closed, thickness);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddTriangleFilled(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, ImU32 col)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    PathLineTo(p1);
+    PathLineTo(p2);
+    PathLineTo(p3);
+    PathFillConvex(col);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddCircle(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments, float thickness)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0 || radius < 0.5f)
+        return;
+
+    if (num_segments <= 0)
+    {
+        // Use arc with automatic segment count
+        _PathArcToFastEx(center, radius - 0.5f, 0, IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX, 0);
+        _Path.Size--;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Explicit segment count (still clamp to avoid drawing insanely tessellated shapes)
+        num_segments = ImClamp(num_segments, 3, IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_MAX);
+
+        // Because we are filling a closed shape we remove 1 from the count of segments/points
+        const float a_max = (IM_PI * 2.0f) * ((float)num_segments - 1.0f) / (float)num_segments;
+        PathArcTo(center, radius - 0.5f, 0.0f, a_max, num_segments - 1);
+    }
+
+    PathStroke(col, ImDrawFlags_Closed, thickness);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddCircleFilled(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0 || radius < 0.5f)
+        return;
+
+    if (num_segments <= 0)
+    {
+        // Use arc with automatic segment count
+        _PathArcToFastEx(center, radius, 0, IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX, 0);
+        _Path.Size--;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Explicit segment count (still clamp to avoid drawing insanely tessellated shapes)
+        num_segments = ImClamp(num_segments, 3, IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_MAX);
+
+        // Because we are filling a closed shape we remove 1 from the count of segments/points
+        const float a_max = (IM_PI * 2.0f) * ((float)num_segments - 1.0f) / (float)num_segments;
+        PathArcTo(center, radius, 0.0f, a_max, num_segments - 1);
+    }
+
+    PathFillConvex(col);
+}
+
+// Guaranteed to honor 'num_segments'
+void ImDrawList::AddNgon(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments, float thickness)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0 || num_segments <= 2)
+        return;
+
+    // Because we are filling a closed shape we remove 1 from the count of segments/points
+    const float a_max = (IM_PI * 2.0f) * ((float)num_segments - 1.0f) / (float)num_segments;
+    PathArcTo(center, radius - 0.5f, 0.0f, a_max, num_segments - 1);
+    PathStroke(col, ImDrawFlags_Closed, thickness);
+}
+
+// Guaranteed to honor 'num_segments'
+void ImDrawList::AddNgonFilled(const ImVec2& center, float radius, ImU32 col, int num_segments)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0 || num_segments <= 2)
+        return;
+
+    // Because we are filling a closed shape we remove 1 from the count of segments/points
+    const float a_max = (IM_PI * 2.0f) * ((float)num_segments - 1.0f) / (float)num_segments;
+    PathArcTo(center, radius, 0.0f, a_max, num_segments - 1);
+    PathFillConvex(col);
+}
+
+// Cubic Bezier takes 4 controls points
+void ImDrawList::AddBezierCubic(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, ImU32 col, float thickness, int num_segments)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    PathLineTo(p1);
+    PathBezierCubicCurveTo(p2, p3, p4, num_segments);
+    PathStroke(col, 0, thickness);
+}
+
+// Quadratic Bezier takes 3 controls points
+void ImDrawList::AddBezierQuadratic(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, ImU32 col, float thickness, int num_segments)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    PathLineTo(p1);
+    PathBezierQuadraticCurveTo(p2, p3, num_segments);
+    PathStroke(col, 0, thickness);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddText(const ImFont* font, float font_size, const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end, float wrap_width, const ImVec4* cpu_fine_clip_rect)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    if (text_end == NULL)
+        text_end = text_begin + strlen(text_begin);
+    if (text_begin == text_end)
+        return;
+
+    // Pull default font/size from the shared ImDrawListSharedData instance
+    if (font == NULL)
+        font = _Data->Font;
+    if (font_size == 0.0f)
+        font_size = _Data->FontSize;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(font->ContainerAtlas->TexID == _CmdHeader.TextureId);  // Use high-level ImGui::PushFont() or low-level ImDrawList::PushTextureId() to change font.
+
+    ImVec4 clip_rect = _CmdHeader.ClipRect;
+    if (cpu_fine_clip_rect)
+    {
+        clip_rect.x = ImMax(clip_rect.x, cpu_fine_clip_rect->x);
+        clip_rect.y = ImMax(clip_rect.y, cpu_fine_clip_rect->y);
+        clip_rect.z = ImMin(clip_rect.z, cpu_fine_clip_rect->z);
+        clip_rect.w = ImMin(clip_rect.w, cpu_fine_clip_rect->w);
+    }
+    font->RenderText(this, font_size, pos, col, clip_rect, text_begin, text_end, wrap_width, cpu_fine_clip_rect != NULL);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddText(const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end)
+{
+    AddText(NULL, 0.0f, pos, col, text_begin, text_end);
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddImage(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, const ImVec2& uv_min, const ImVec2& uv_max, ImU32 col)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    const bool push_texture_id = user_texture_id != _CmdHeader.TextureId;
+    if (push_texture_id)
+        PushTextureID(user_texture_id);
+
+    PrimReserve(6, 4);
+    PrimRectUV(p_min, p_max, uv_min, uv_max, col);
+
+    if (push_texture_id)
+        PopTextureID();
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddImageQuad(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, const ImVec2& uv1, const ImVec2& uv2, const ImVec2& uv3, const ImVec2& uv4, ImU32 col)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    const bool push_texture_id = user_texture_id != _CmdHeader.TextureId;
+    if (push_texture_id)
+        PushTextureID(user_texture_id);
+
+    PrimReserve(6, 4);
+    PrimQuadUV(p1, p2, p3, p4, uv1, uv2, uv3, uv4, col);
+
+    if (push_texture_id)
+        PopTextureID();
+}
+
+void ImDrawList::AddImageRounded(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& p_min, const ImVec2& p_max, const ImVec2& uv_min, const ImVec2& uv_max, ImU32 col, float rounding, ImDrawFlags flags)
+{
+    if ((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    flags = FixRectCornerFlags(flags);
+    if (rounding < 0.5f || (flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersMask_) == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone)
+    {
+        AddImage(user_texture_id, p_min, p_max, uv_min, uv_max, col);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const bool push_texture_id = user_texture_id != _CmdHeader.TextureId;
+    if (push_texture_id)
+        PushTextureID(user_texture_id);
+
+    int vert_start_idx = VtxBuffer.Size;
+    PathRect(p_min, p_max, rounding, flags);
+    PathFillConvex(col);
+    int vert_end_idx = VtxBuffer.Size;
+    ImGui::ShadeVertsLinearUV(this, vert_start_idx, vert_end_idx, p_min, p_max, uv_min, uv_max, true);
+
+    if (push_texture_id)
+        PopTextureID();
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImDrawListSplitter
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FIXME: This may be a little confusing, trying to be a little too low-level/optimal instead of just doing vector swap..
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImDrawListSplitter::ClearFreeMemory()
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < _Channels.Size; i++)
+    {
+        if (i == _Current)
+            memset(&_Channels[i], 0, sizeof(_Channels[i]));  // Current channel is a copy of CmdBuffer/IdxBuffer, don't destruct again
+        _Channels[i]._CmdBuffer.clear();
+        _Channels[i]._IdxBuffer.clear();
+    }
+    _Current = 0;
+    _Count = 1;
+    _Channels.clear();
+}
+
+void ImDrawListSplitter::Split(ImDrawList* draw_list, int channels_count)
+{
+    IM_UNUSED(draw_list);
+    IM_ASSERT(_Current == 0 && _Count <= 1 && "Nested channel splitting is not supported. Please use separate instances of ImDrawListSplitter.");
+    int old_channels_count = _Channels.Size;
+    if (old_channels_count < channels_count)
+    {
+        _Channels.reserve(channels_count); // Avoid over reserving since this is likely to stay stable
+        _Channels.resize(channels_count);
+    }
+    _Count = channels_count;
+
+    // Channels[] (24/32 bytes each) hold storage that we'll swap with draw_list->_CmdBuffer/_IdxBuffer
+    // The content of Channels[0] at this point doesn't matter. We clear it to make state tidy in a debugger but we don't strictly need to.
+    // When we switch to the next channel, we'll copy draw_list->_CmdBuffer/_IdxBuffer into Channels[0] and then Channels[1] into draw_list->CmdBuffer/_IdxBuffer
+    memset(&_Channels[0], 0, sizeof(ImDrawChannel));
+    for (int i = 1; i < channels_count; i++)
+    {
+        if (i >= old_channels_count)
+        {
+            IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(&_Channels[i]) ImDrawChannel();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            _Channels[i]._CmdBuffer.resize(0);
+            _Channels[i]._IdxBuffer.resize(0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ImDrawListSplitter::Merge(ImDrawList* draw_list)
+{
+    // Note that we never use or rely on _Channels.Size because it is merely a buffer that we never shrink back to 0 to keep all sub-buffers ready for use.
+    if (_Count <= 1)
+        return;
+
+    SetCurrentChannel(draw_list, 0);
+    draw_list->_PopUnusedDrawCmd();
+
+    // Calculate our final buffer sizes. Also fix the incorrect IdxOffset values in each command.
+    int new_cmd_buffer_count = 0;
+    int new_idx_buffer_count = 0;
+    ImDrawCmd* last_cmd = (_Count > 0 && draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size > 0) ? &draw_list->CmdBuffer.back() : NULL;
+    int idx_offset = last_cmd ? last_cmd->IdxOffset + last_cmd->ElemCount : 0;
+    for (int i = 1; i < _Count; i++)
+    {
+        ImDrawChannel& ch = _Channels[i];
+        if (ch._CmdBuffer.Size > 0 && ch._CmdBuffer.back().ElemCount == 0 && ch._CmdBuffer.back().UserCallback == NULL) // Equivalent of PopUnusedDrawCmd()
+            ch._CmdBuffer.pop_back();
+
+        if (ch._CmdBuffer.Size > 0 && last_cmd != NULL)
+        {
+            // Do not include ImDrawCmd_AreSequentialIdxOffset() in the compare as we rebuild IdxOffset values ourselves.
+            // Manipulating IdxOffset (e.g. by reordering draw commands like done by RenderDimmedBackgroundBehindWindow()) is not supported within a splitter.
+            ImDrawCmd* next_cmd = &ch._CmdBuffer[0];
+            if (ImDrawCmd_HeaderCompare(last_cmd, next_cmd) == 0 && last_cmd->UserCallback == NULL && next_cmd->UserCallback == NULL)
+            {
+                // Merge previous channel last draw command with current channel first draw command if matching.
+                last_cmd->ElemCount += next_cmd->ElemCount;
+                idx_offset += next_cmd->ElemCount;
+                ch._CmdBuffer.erase(ch._CmdBuffer.Data); // FIXME-OPT: Improve for multiple merges.
+            }
+        }
+        if (ch._CmdBuffer.Size > 0)
+            last_cmd = &ch._CmdBuffer.back();
+        new_cmd_buffer_count += ch._CmdBuffer.Size;
+        new_idx_buffer_count += ch._IdxBuffer.Size;
+        for (int cmd_n = 0; cmd_n < ch._CmdBuffer.Size; cmd_n++)
+        {
+            ch._CmdBuffer.Data[cmd_n].IdxOffset = idx_offset;
+            idx_offset += ch._CmdBuffer.Data[cmd_n].ElemCount;
+        }
+    }
+    draw_list->CmdBuffer.resize(draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size + new_cmd_buffer_count);
+    draw_list->IdxBuffer.resize(draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size + new_idx_buffer_count);
+
+    // Write commands and indices in order (they are fairly small structures, we don't copy vertices only indices)
+    ImDrawCmd* cmd_write = draw_list->CmdBuffer.Data + draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size - new_cmd_buffer_count;
+    ImDrawIdx* idx_write = draw_list->IdxBuffer.Data + draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size - new_idx_buffer_count;
+    for (int i = 1; i < _Count; i++)
+    {
+        ImDrawChannel& ch = _Channels[i];
+        if (int sz = ch._CmdBuffer.Size) { memcpy(cmd_write, ch._CmdBuffer.Data, sz * sizeof(ImDrawCmd)); cmd_write += sz; }
+        if (int sz = ch._IdxBuffer.Size) { memcpy(idx_write, ch._IdxBuffer.Data, sz * sizeof(ImDrawIdx)); idx_write += sz; }
+    }
+    draw_list->_IdxWritePtr = idx_write;
+
+    // Ensure there's always a non-callback draw command trailing the command-buffer
+    if (draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size == 0 || draw_list->CmdBuffer.back().UserCallback != NULL)
+        draw_list->AddDrawCmd();
+
+    // If current command is used with different settings we need to add a new command
+    ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = &draw_list->CmdBuffer.Data[draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    if (curr_cmd->ElemCount == 0)
+        ImDrawCmd_HeaderCopy(curr_cmd, &draw_list->_CmdHeader); // Copy ClipRect, TextureId, VtxOffset
+    else if (ImDrawCmd_HeaderCompare(curr_cmd, &draw_list->_CmdHeader) != 0)
+        draw_list->AddDrawCmd();
+
+    _Count = 1;
+}
+
+void ImDrawListSplitter::SetCurrentChannel(ImDrawList* draw_list, int idx)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(idx >= 0 && idx < _Count);
+    if (_Current == idx)
+        return;
+
+    // Overwrite ImVector (12/16 bytes), four times. This is merely a silly optimization instead of doing .swap()
+    memcpy(&_Channels.Data[_Current]._CmdBuffer, &draw_list->CmdBuffer, sizeof(draw_list->CmdBuffer));
+    memcpy(&_Channels.Data[_Current]._IdxBuffer, &draw_list->IdxBuffer, sizeof(draw_list->IdxBuffer));
+    _Current = idx;
+    memcpy(&draw_list->CmdBuffer, &_Channels.Data[idx]._CmdBuffer, sizeof(draw_list->CmdBuffer));
+    memcpy(&draw_list->IdxBuffer, &_Channels.Data[idx]._IdxBuffer, sizeof(draw_list->IdxBuffer));
+    draw_list->_IdxWritePtr = draw_list->IdxBuffer.Data + draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size;
+
+    // If current command is used with different settings we need to add a new command
+    ImDrawCmd* curr_cmd = (draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size == 0) ? NULL : &draw_list->CmdBuffer.Data[draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size - 1];
+    if (curr_cmd == NULL)
+        draw_list->AddDrawCmd();
+    else if (curr_cmd->ElemCount == 0)
+        ImDrawCmd_HeaderCopy(curr_cmd, &draw_list->_CmdHeader); // Copy ClipRect, TextureId, VtxOffset
+    else if (ImDrawCmd_HeaderCompare(curr_cmd, &draw_list->_CmdHeader) != 0)
+        draw_list->AddDrawCmd();
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImDrawData
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// For backward compatibility: convert all buffers from indexed to de-indexed, in case you cannot render indexed. Note: this is slow and most likely a waste of resources. Always prefer indexed rendering!
+void ImDrawData::DeIndexAllBuffers()
+{
+    ImVector<ImDrawVert> new_vtx_buffer;
+    TotalVtxCount = TotalIdxCount = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i < CmdListsCount; i++)
+    {
+        ImDrawList* cmd_list = CmdLists[i];
+        if (cmd_list->IdxBuffer.empty())
+            continue;
+        new_vtx_buffer.resize(cmd_list->IdxBuffer.Size);
+        for (int j = 0; j < cmd_list->IdxBuffer.Size; j++)
+            new_vtx_buffer[j] = cmd_list->VtxBuffer[cmd_list->IdxBuffer[j]];
+        cmd_list->VtxBuffer.swap(new_vtx_buffer);
+        cmd_list->IdxBuffer.resize(0);
+        TotalVtxCount += cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Size;
+    }
+}
+
+// Helper to scale the ClipRect field of each ImDrawCmd.
+// Use if your final output buffer is at a different scale than draw_data->DisplaySize,
+// or if there is a difference between your window resolution and framebuffer resolution.
+void ImDrawData::ScaleClipRects(const ImVec2& fb_scale)
+{
+    for (int i = 0; i < CmdListsCount; i++)
+    {
+        ImDrawList* cmd_list = CmdLists[i];
+        for (int cmd_i = 0; cmd_i < cmd_list->CmdBuffer.Size; cmd_i++)
+        {
+            ImDrawCmd* cmd = &cmd_list->CmdBuffer[cmd_i];
+            cmd->ClipRect = ImVec4(cmd->ClipRect.x * fb_scale.x, cmd->ClipRect.y * fb_scale.y, cmd->ClipRect.z * fb_scale.x, cmd->ClipRect.w * fb_scale.y);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Helpers ShadeVertsXXX functions
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Generic linear color gradient, write to RGB fields, leave A untouched.
+void ImGui::ShadeVertsLinearColorGradientKeepAlpha(ImDrawList* draw_list, int vert_start_idx, int vert_end_idx, ImVec2 gradient_p0, ImVec2 gradient_p1, ImU32 col0, ImU32 col1)
+{
+    ImVec2 gradient_extent = gradient_p1 - gradient_p0;
+    float gradient_inv_length2 = 1.0f / ImLengthSqr(gradient_extent);
+    ImDrawVert* vert_start = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data + vert_start_idx;
+    ImDrawVert* vert_end = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data + vert_end_idx;
+    const int col0_r = (int)(col0 >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFF;
+    const int col0_g = (int)(col0 >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFF;
+    const int col0_b = (int)(col0 >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFF;
+    const int col_delta_r = ((int)(col1 >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFF) - col0_r;
+    const int col_delta_g = ((int)(col1 >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFF) - col0_g;
+    const int col_delta_b = ((int)(col1 >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFF) - col0_b;
+    for (ImDrawVert* vert = vert_start; vert < vert_end; vert++)
+    {
+        float d = ImDot(vert->pos - gradient_p0, gradient_extent);
+        float t = ImClamp(d * gradient_inv_length2, 0.0f, 1.0f);
+        int r = (int)(col0_r + col_delta_r * t);
+        int g = (int)(col0_g + col_delta_g * t);
+        int b = (int)(col0_b + col_delta_b * t);
+        vert->col = (r << IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) | (g << IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) | (b << IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) | (vert->col & IM_COL32_A_MASK);
+    }
+}
+
+// Distribute UV over (a, b) rectangle
+void ImGui::ShadeVertsLinearUV(ImDrawList* draw_list, int vert_start_idx, int vert_end_idx, const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& uv_a, const ImVec2& uv_b, bool clamp)
+{
+    const ImVec2 size = b - a;
+    const ImVec2 uv_size = uv_b - uv_a;
+    const ImVec2 scale = ImVec2(
+        size.x != 0.0f ? (uv_size.x / size.x) : 0.0f,
+        size.y != 0.0f ? (uv_size.y / size.y) : 0.0f);
+
+    ImDrawVert* vert_start = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data + vert_start_idx;
+    ImDrawVert* vert_end = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data + vert_end_idx;
+    if (clamp)
+    {
+        const ImVec2 min = ImMin(uv_a, uv_b);
+        const ImVec2 max = ImMax(uv_a, uv_b);
+        for (ImDrawVert* vertex = vert_start; vertex < vert_end; ++vertex)
+            vertex->uv = ImClamp(uv_a + ImMul(ImVec2(vertex->pos.x, vertex->pos.y) - a, scale), min, max);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        for (ImDrawVert* vertex = vert_start; vertex < vert_end; ++vertex)
+            vertex->uv = uv_a + ImMul(ImVec2(vertex->pos.x, vertex->pos.y) - a, scale);
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImFontConfig
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImFontConfig::ImFontConfig()
+{
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    FontDataOwnedByAtlas = true;
+    OversampleH = 3; // FIXME: 2 may be a better default?
+    OversampleV = 1;
+    GlyphMaxAdvanceX = FLT_MAX;
+    RasterizerMultiply = 1.0f;
+    EllipsisChar = (ImWchar)-1;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImFontAtlas
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// A work of art lies ahead! (. = white layer, X = black layer, others are blank)
+// The 2x2 white texels on the top left are the ones we'll use everywhere in Dear ImGui to render filled shapes.
+// (This is used when io.MouseDrawCursor = true)
+const int FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W = 122; // Actual texture will be 2 times that + 1 spacing.
+const int FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H = 27;
+static const char FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_PIXELS[FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W * FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H + 1] =
+{
+    "..-         -XXXXXXX-    X    -           X           -XXXXXXX          -          XXXXXXX-     XX          - XX       XX "
+    "..-         -X.....X-   X.X   -          X.X          -X.....X          -          X.....X-    X..X         -X..X     X..X"
+    "---         -XXX.XXX-  X...X  -         X...X         -X....X           -           X....X-    X..X         -X...X   X...X"
+    "X           -  X.X  - X.....X -        X.....X        -X...X            -            X...X-    X..X         - X...X X...X "
+    "XX          -  X.X  -X.......X-       X.......X       -X..X.X           -           X.X..X-    X..X         -  X...X...X  "
+    "X.X         -  X.X  -XXXX.XXXX-       XXXX.XXXX       -X.X X.X          -          X.X X.X-    X..XXX       -   X.....X   "
+    "X..X        -  X.X  -   X.X   -          X.X          -XX   X.X         -         X.X   XX-    X..X..XXX    -    X...X    "
+    "X...X       -  X.X  -   X.X   -    XX    X.X    XX    -      X.X        -        X.X      -    X..X..X..XX  -     X.X     "
+    "X....X      -  X.X  -   X.X   -   X.X    X.X    X.X   -       X.X       -       X.X       -    X..X..X..X.X -    X...X    "
+    "X.....X     -  X.X  -   X.X   -  X..X    X.X    X..X  -        X.X      -      X.X        -XXX X..X..X..X..X-   X.....X   "
+    "X......X    -  X.X  -   X.X   - X...XXXXXX.XXXXXX...X -         X.X   XX-XX   X.X         -X..XX........X..X-  X...X...X  "
+    "X.......X   -  X.X  -   X.X   -X.....................X-          X.X X.X-X.X X.X          -X...X...........X- X...X X...X "
+    "X........X  -  X.X  -   X.X   - X...XXXXXX.XXXXXX...X -           X.X..X-X..X.X           - X..............X-X...X   X...X"
+    "X.........X -XXX.XXX-   X.X   -  X..X    X.X    X..X  -            X...X-X...X            -  X.............X-X..X     X..X"
+    "X..........X-X.....X-   X.X   -   X.X    X.X    X.X   -           X....X-X....X           -  X.............X- XX       XX "
+    "X......XXXXX-XXXXXXX-   X.X   -    XX    X.X    XX    -          X.....X-X.....X          -   X............X--------------"
+    "X...X..X    ---------   X.X   -          X.X          -          XXXXXXX-XXXXXXX          -   X...........X -             "
+    "X..X X..X   -       -XXXX.XXXX-       XXXX.XXXX       -------------------------------------    X..........X -             "
+    "X.X  X..X   -       -X.......X-       X.......X       -    XX           XX    -           -    X..........X -             "
+    "XX    X..X  -       - X.....X -        X.....X        -   X.X           X.X   -           -     X........X  -             "
+    "      X..X  -       -  X...X  -         X...X         -  X..X           X..X  -           -     X........X  -             "
+    "       XX   -       -   X.X   -          X.X          - X...XXXXXXXXXXXXX...X -           -     XXXXXXXXXX  -             "
+    "-------------       -    X    -           X           -X.....................X-           -------------------             "
+    "                    ----------------------------------- X...XXXXXXXXXXXXX...X -                                           "
+    "                                                      -  X..X           X..X  -                                           "
+    "                                                      -   X.X           X.X   -                                           "
+    "                                                      -    XX           XX    -                                           "
+};
+
+static const ImVec2 FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_CURSOR_DATA[ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT][3] =
+{
+    // Pos ........ Size ......... Offset ......
+    { ImVec2( 0,3), ImVec2(12,19), ImVec2( 0, 0) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_Arrow
+    { ImVec2(13,0), ImVec2( 7,16), ImVec2( 1, 8) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_TextInput
+    { ImVec2(31,0), ImVec2(23,23), ImVec2(11,11) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeAll
+    { ImVec2(21,0), ImVec2( 9,23), ImVec2( 4,11) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNS
+    { ImVec2(55,18),ImVec2(23, 9), ImVec2(11, 4) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeEW
+    { ImVec2(73,0), ImVec2(17,17), ImVec2( 8, 8) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNESW
+    { ImVec2(55,0), ImVec2(17,17), ImVec2( 8, 8) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNWSE
+    { ImVec2(91,0), ImVec2(17,22), ImVec2( 5, 0) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_Hand
+    { ImVec2(109,0),ImVec2(13,15), ImVec2( 6, 7) }, // ImGuiMouseCursor_NotAllowed
+};
+
+ImFontAtlas::ImFontAtlas()
+{
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    TexGlyphPadding = 1;
+    PackIdMouseCursors = PackIdLines = -1;
+}
+
+ImFontAtlas::~ImFontAtlas()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+    Clear();
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlas::ClearInputData()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+    for (int i = 0; i < ConfigData.Size; i++)
+        if (ConfigData[i].FontData && ConfigData[i].FontDataOwnedByAtlas)
+        {
+            IM_FREE(ConfigData[i].FontData);
+            ConfigData[i].FontData = NULL;
+        }
+
+    // When clearing this we lose access to the font name and other information used to build the font.
+    for (int i = 0; i < Fonts.Size; i++)
+        if (Fonts[i]->ConfigData >= ConfigData.Data && Fonts[i]->ConfigData < ConfigData.Data + ConfigData.Size)
+        {
+            Fonts[i]->ConfigData = NULL;
+            Fonts[i]->ConfigDataCount = 0;
+        }
+    ConfigData.clear();
+    CustomRects.clear();
+    PackIdMouseCursors = PackIdLines = -1;
+    // Important: we leave TexReady untouched
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlas::ClearTexData()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+    if (TexPixelsAlpha8)
+        IM_FREE(TexPixelsAlpha8);
+    if (TexPixelsRGBA32)
+        IM_FREE(TexPixelsRGBA32);
+    TexPixelsAlpha8 = NULL;
+    TexPixelsRGBA32 = NULL;
+    TexPixelsUseColors = false;
+    // Important: we leave TexReady untouched
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlas::ClearFonts()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+    Fonts.clear_delete();
+    TexReady = false;
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlas::Clear()
+{
+    ClearInputData();
+    ClearTexData();
+    ClearFonts();
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlas::GetTexDataAsAlpha8(unsigned char** out_pixels, int* out_width, int* out_height, int* out_bytes_per_pixel)
+{
+    // Build atlas on demand
+    if (TexPixelsAlpha8 == NULL)
+        Build();
+
+    *out_pixels = TexPixelsAlpha8;
+    if (out_width) *out_width = TexWidth;
+    if (out_height) *out_height = TexHeight;
+    if (out_bytes_per_pixel) *out_bytes_per_pixel = 1;
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlas::GetTexDataAsRGBA32(unsigned char** out_pixels, int* out_width, int* out_height, int* out_bytes_per_pixel)
+{
+    // Convert to RGBA32 format on demand
+    // Although it is likely to be the most commonly used format, our font rendering is 1 channel / 8 bpp
+    if (!TexPixelsRGBA32)
+    {
+        unsigned char* pixels = NULL;
+        GetTexDataAsAlpha8(&pixels, NULL, NULL);
+        if (pixels)
+        {
+            TexPixelsRGBA32 = (unsigned int*)IM_ALLOC((size_t)TexWidth * (size_t)TexHeight * 4);
+            const unsigned char* src = pixels;
+            unsigned int* dst = TexPixelsRGBA32;
+            for (int n = TexWidth * TexHeight; n > 0; n--)
+                *dst++ = IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, (unsigned int)(*src++));
+        }
+    }
+
+    *out_pixels = (unsigned char*)TexPixelsRGBA32;
+    if (out_width) *out_width = TexWidth;
+    if (out_height) *out_height = TexHeight;
+    if (out_bytes_per_pixel) *out_bytes_per_pixel = 4;
+}
+
+ImFont* ImFontAtlas::AddFont(const ImFontConfig* font_cfg)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+    IM_ASSERT(font_cfg->FontData != NULL && font_cfg->FontDataSize > 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(font_cfg->SizePixels > 0.0f);
+
+    // Create new font
+    if (!font_cfg->MergeMode)
+        Fonts.push_back(IM_NEW(ImFont));
+    else
+        IM_ASSERT(!Fonts.empty() && "Cannot use MergeMode for the first font"); // When using MergeMode make sure that a font has already been added before. You can use ImGui::GetIO().Fonts->AddFontDefault() to add the default imgui font.
+
+    ConfigData.push_back(*font_cfg);
+    ImFontConfig& new_font_cfg = ConfigData.back();
+    if (new_font_cfg.DstFont == NULL)
+        new_font_cfg.DstFont = Fonts.back();
+    if (!new_font_cfg.FontDataOwnedByAtlas)
+    {
+        new_font_cfg.FontData = IM_ALLOC(new_font_cfg.FontDataSize);
+        new_font_cfg.FontDataOwnedByAtlas = true;
+        memcpy(new_font_cfg.FontData, font_cfg->FontData, (size_t)new_font_cfg.FontDataSize);
+    }
+
+    if (new_font_cfg.DstFont->EllipsisChar == (ImWchar)-1)
+        new_font_cfg.DstFont->EllipsisChar = font_cfg->EllipsisChar;
+
+    // Invalidate texture
+    TexReady = false;
+    ClearTexData();
+    return new_font_cfg.DstFont;
+}
+
+// Default font TTF is compressed with stb_compress then base85 encoded (see misc/fonts/binary_to_compressed_c.cpp for encoder)
+static unsigned int stb_decompress_length(const unsigned char* input);
+static unsigned int stb_decompress(unsigned char* output, const unsigned char* input, unsigned int length);
+static const char*  GetDefaultCompressedFontDataTTFBase85();
+static unsigned int Decode85Byte(char c)                                    { return c >= '\\' ? c-36 : c-35; }
+static void         Decode85(const unsigned char* src, unsigned char* dst)
+{
+    while (*src)
+    {
+        unsigned int tmp = Decode85Byte(src[0]) + 85 * (Decode85Byte(src[1]) + 85 * (Decode85Byte(src[2]) + 85 * (Decode85Byte(src[3]) + 85 * Decode85Byte(src[4]))));
+        dst[0] = ((tmp >> 0) & 0xFF); dst[1] = ((tmp >> 8) & 0xFF); dst[2] = ((tmp >> 16) & 0xFF); dst[3] = ((tmp >> 24) & 0xFF);   // We can't assume little-endianness.
+        src += 5;
+        dst += 4;
+    }
+}
+
+// Load embedded ProggyClean.ttf at size 13, disable oversampling
+ImFont* ImFontAtlas::AddFontDefault(const ImFontConfig* font_cfg_template)
+{
+    ImFontConfig font_cfg = font_cfg_template ? *font_cfg_template : ImFontConfig();
+    if (!font_cfg_template)
+    {
+        font_cfg.OversampleH = font_cfg.OversampleV = 1;
+        font_cfg.PixelSnapH = true;
+    }
+    if (font_cfg.SizePixels <= 0.0f)
+        font_cfg.SizePixels = 13.0f * 1.0f;
+    if (font_cfg.Name[0] == '\0')
+        ImFormatString(font_cfg.Name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(font_cfg.Name), "ProggyClean.ttf, %dpx", (int)font_cfg.SizePixels);
+    font_cfg.EllipsisChar = (ImWchar)0x0085;
+    font_cfg.GlyphOffset.y = 1.0f * IM_FLOOR(font_cfg.SizePixels / 13.0f);  // Add +1 offset per 13 units
+
+    const char* ttf_compressed_base85 = GetDefaultCompressedFontDataTTFBase85();
+    const ImWchar* glyph_ranges = font_cfg.GlyphRanges != NULL ? font_cfg.GlyphRanges : GetGlyphRangesDefault();
+    ImFont* font = AddFontFromMemoryCompressedBase85TTF(ttf_compressed_base85, font_cfg.SizePixels, &font_cfg, glyph_ranges);
+    return font;
+}
+
+ImFont* ImFontAtlas::AddFontFromFileTTF(const char* filename, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg_template, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+    size_t data_size = 0;
+    void* data = ImFileLoadToMemory(filename, "rb", &data_size, 0);
+    if (!data)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(0, "Could not load font file!");
+        return NULL;
+    }
+    ImFontConfig font_cfg = font_cfg_template ? *font_cfg_template : ImFontConfig();
+    if (font_cfg.Name[0] == '\0')
+    {
+        // Store a short copy of filename into into the font name for convenience
+        const char* p;
+        for (p = filename + strlen(filename); p > filename && p[-1] != '/' && p[-1] != '\\'; p--) {}
+        ImFormatString(font_cfg.Name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(font_cfg.Name), "%s, %.0fpx", p, size_pixels);
+    }
+    return AddFontFromMemoryTTF(data, (int)data_size, size_pixels, &font_cfg, glyph_ranges);
+}
+
+// NB: Transfer ownership of 'ttf_data' to ImFontAtlas, unless font_cfg_template->FontDataOwnedByAtlas == false. Owned TTF buffer will be deleted after Build().
+ImFont* ImFontAtlas::AddFontFromMemoryTTF(void* ttf_data, int ttf_size, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg_template, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+    ImFontConfig font_cfg = font_cfg_template ? *font_cfg_template : ImFontConfig();
+    IM_ASSERT(font_cfg.FontData == NULL);
+    font_cfg.FontData = ttf_data;
+    font_cfg.FontDataSize = ttf_size;
+    font_cfg.SizePixels = size_pixels > 0.0f ? size_pixels : font_cfg.SizePixels;
+    if (glyph_ranges)
+        font_cfg.GlyphRanges = glyph_ranges;
+    return AddFont(&font_cfg);
+}
+
+ImFont* ImFontAtlas::AddFontFromMemoryCompressedTTF(const void* compressed_ttf_data, int compressed_ttf_size, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg_template, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges)
+{
+    const unsigned int buf_decompressed_size = stb_decompress_length((const unsigned char*)compressed_ttf_data);
+    unsigned char* buf_decompressed_data = (unsigned char*)IM_ALLOC(buf_decompressed_size);
+    stb_decompress(buf_decompressed_data, (const unsigned char*)compressed_ttf_data, (unsigned int)compressed_ttf_size);
+
+    ImFontConfig font_cfg = font_cfg_template ? *font_cfg_template : ImFontConfig();
+    IM_ASSERT(font_cfg.FontData == NULL);
+    font_cfg.FontDataOwnedByAtlas = true;
+    return AddFontFromMemoryTTF(buf_decompressed_data, (int)buf_decompressed_size, size_pixels, &font_cfg, glyph_ranges);
+}
+
+ImFont* ImFontAtlas::AddFontFromMemoryCompressedBase85TTF(const char* compressed_ttf_data_base85, float size_pixels, const ImFontConfig* font_cfg, const ImWchar* glyph_ranges)
+{
+    int compressed_ttf_size = (((int)strlen(compressed_ttf_data_base85) + 4) / 5) * 4;
+    void* compressed_ttf = IM_ALLOC((size_t)compressed_ttf_size);
+    Decode85((const unsigned char*)compressed_ttf_data_base85, (unsigned char*)compressed_ttf);
+    ImFont* font = AddFontFromMemoryCompressedTTF(compressed_ttf, compressed_ttf_size, size_pixels, font_cfg, glyph_ranges);
+    IM_FREE(compressed_ttf);
+    return font;
+}
+
+int ImFontAtlas::AddCustomRectRegular(int width, int height)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(width > 0 && width <= 0xFFFF);
+    IM_ASSERT(height > 0 && height <= 0xFFFF);
+    ImFontAtlasCustomRect r;
+    r.Width = (unsigned short)width;
+    r.Height = (unsigned short)height;
+    CustomRects.push_back(r);
+    return CustomRects.Size - 1; // Return index
+}
+
+int ImFontAtlas::AddCustomRectFontGlyph(ImFont* font, ImWchar id, int width, int height, float advance_x, const ImVec2& offset)
+{
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_WCHAR32
+    IM_ASSERT(id <= IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX);
+#endif
+    IM_ASSERT(font != NULL);
+    IM_ASSERT(width > 0 && width <= 0xFFFF);
+    IM_ASSERT(height > 0 && height <= 0xFFFF);
+    ImFontAtlasCustomRect r;
+    r.Width = (unsigned short)width;
+    r.Height = (unsigned short)height;
+    r.GlyphID = id;
+    r.GlyphAdvanceX = advance_x;
+    r.GlyphOffset = offset;
+    r.Font = font;
+    CustomRects.push_back(r);
+    return CustomRects.Size - 1; // Return index
+}
+
+void ImFontAtlas::CalcCustomRectUV(const ImFontAtlasCustomRect* rect, ImVec2* out_uv_min, ImVec2* out_uv_max) const
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(TexWidth > 0 && TexHeight > 0);   // Font atlas needs to be built before we can calculate UV coordinates
+    IM_ASSERT(rect->IsPacked());                // Make sure the rectangle has been packed
+    *out_uv_min = ImVec2((float)rect->X * TexUvScale.x, (float)rect->Y * TexUvScale.y);
+    *out_uv_max = ImVec2((float)(rect->X + rect->Width) * TexUvScale.x, (float)(rect->Y + rect->Height) * TexUvScale.y);
+}
+
+bool ImFontAtlas::GetMouseCursorTexData(ImGuiMouseCursor cursor_type, ImVec2* out_offset, ImVec2* out_size, ImVec2 out_uv_border[2], ImVec2 out_uv_fill[2])
+{
+    if (cursor_type <= ImGuiMouseCursor_None || cursor_type >= ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT)
+        return false;
+    if (Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoMouseCursors)
+        return false;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(PackIdMouseCursors != -1);
+    ImFontAtlasCustomRect* r = GetCustomRectByIndex(PackIdMouseCursors);
+    ImVec2 pos = FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_CURSOR_DATA[cursor_type][0] + ImVec2((float)r->X, (float)r->Y);
+    ImVec2 size = FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_CURSOR_DATA[cursor_type][1];
+    *out_size = size;
+    *out_offset = FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_CURSOR_DATA[cursor_type][2];
+    out_uv_border[0] = (pos) * TexUvScale;
+    out_uv_border[1] = (pos + size) * TexUvScale;
+    pos.x += FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W + 1;
+    out_uv_fill[0] = (pos) * TexUvScale;
+    out_uv_fill[1] = (pos + size) * TexUvScale;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool    ImFontAtlas::Build()
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!Locked && "Cannot modify a locked ImFontAtlas between NewFrame() and EndFrame/Render()!");
+
+    // Default font is none are specified
+    if (ConfigData.Size == 0)
+        AddFontDefault();
+
+    // Select builder
+    // - Note that we do not reassign to atlas->FontBuilderIO, since it is likely to point to static data which
+    //   may mess with some hot-reloading schemes. If you need to assign to this (for dynamic selection) AND are
+    //   using a hot-reloading scheme that messes up static data, store your own instance of ImFontBuilderIO somewhere
+    //   and point to it instead of pointing directly to return value of the GetBuilderXXX functions.
+    const ImFontBuilderIO* builder_io = FontBuilderIO;
+    if (builder_io == NULL)
+    {
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_FREETYPE
+        builder_io = ImGuiFreeType::GetBuilderForFreeType();
+#elif defined(IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE)
+        builder_io = ImFontAtlasGetBuilderForStbTruetype();
+#else
+        IM_ASSERT(0); // Invalid Build function
+#endif
+    }
+
+    // Build
+    return builder_io->FontBuilder_Build(this);
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlasBuildMultiplyCalcLookupTable(unsigned char out_table[256], float in_brighten_factor)
+{
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 256; i++)
+    {
+        unsigned int value = (unsigned int)(i * in_brighten_factor);
+        out_table[i] = value > 255 ? 255 : (value & 0xFF);
+    }
+}
+
+void    ImFontAtlasBuildMultiplyRectAlpha8(const unsigned char table[256], unsigned char* pixels, int x, int y, int w, int h, int stride)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(w <= stride);
+    unsigned char* data = pixels + x + y * stride;
+    for (int j = h; j > 0; j--, data += stride - w)
+        for (int i = w; i > 0; i--, data++)
+            *data = table[*data];
+}
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE
+// Temporary data for one source font (multiple source fonts can be merged into one destination ImFont)
+// (C++03 doesn't allow instancing ImVector<> with function-local types so we declare the type here.)
+struct ImFontBuildSrcData
+{
+    stbtt_fontinfo      FontInfo;
+    stbtt_pack_range    PackRange;          // Hold the list of codepoints to pack (essentially points to Codepoints.Data)
+    stbrp_rect*         Rects;              // Rectangle to pack. We first fill in their size and the packer will give us their position.
+    stbtt_packedchar*   PackedChars;        // Output glyphs
+    const ImWchar*      SrcRanges;          // Ranges as requested by user (user is allowed to request too much, e.g. 0x0020..0xFFFF)
+    int                 DstIndex;           // Index into atlas->Fonts[] and dst_tmp_array[]
+    int                 GlyphsHighest;      // Highest requested codepoint
+    int                 GlyphsCount;        // Glyph count (excluding missing glyphs and glyphs already set by an earlier source font)
+    ImBitVector         GlyphsSet;          // Glyph bit map (random access, 1-bit per codepoint. This will be a maximum of 8KB)
+    ImVector<int>       GlyphsList;         // Glyph codepoints list (flattened version of GlyphsSet)
+};
+
+// Temporary data for one destination ImFont* (multiple source fonts can be merged into one destination ImFont)
+struct ImFontBuildDstData
+{
+    int                 SrcCount;           // Number of source fonts targeting this destination font.
+    int                 GlyphsHighest;
+    int                 GlyphsCount;
+    ImBitVector         GlyphsSet;          // This is used to resolve collision when multiple sources are merged into a same destination font.
+};
+
+static void UnpackBitVectorToFlatIndexList(const ImBitVector* in, ImVector<int>* out)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(sizeof(in->Storage.Data[0]) == sizeof(int));
+    const ImU32* it_begin = in->Storage.begin();
+    const ImU32* it_end = in->Storage.end();
+    for (const ImU32* it = it_begin; it < it_end; it++)
+        if (ImU32 entries_32 = *it)
+            for (ImU32 bit_n = 0; bit_n < 32; bit_n++)
+                if (entries_32 & ((ImU32)1 << bit_n))
+                    out->push_back((int)(((it - it_begin) << 5) + bit_n));
+}
+
+static bool ImFontAtlasBuildWithStbTruetype(ImFontAtlas* atlas)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(atlas->ConfigData.Size > 0);
+
+    ImFontAtlasBuildInit(atlas);
+
+    // Clear atlas
+    atlas->TexID = (ImTextureID)NULL;
+    atlas->TexWidth = atlas->TexHeight = 0;
+    atlas->TexUvScale = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    atlas->TexUvWhitePixel = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    atlas->ClearTexData();
+
+    // Temporary storage for building
+    ImVector<ImFontBuildSrcData> src_tmp_array;
+    ImVector<ImFontBuildDstData> dst_tmp_array;
+    src_tmp_array.resize(atlas->ConfigData.Size);
+    dst_tmp_array.resize(atlas->Fonts.Size);
+    memset(src_tmp_array.Data, 0, (size_t)src_tmp_array.size_in_bytes());
+    memset(dst_tmp_array.Data, 0, (size_t)dst_tmp_array.size_in_bytes());
+
+    // 1. Initialize font loading structure, check font data validity
+    for (int src_i = 0; src_i < atlas->ConfigData.Size; src_i++)
+    {
+        ImFontBuildSrcData& src_tmp = src_tmp_array[src_i];
+        ImFontConfig& cfg = atlas->ConfigData[src_i];
+        IM_ASSERT(cfg.DstFont && (!cfg.DstFont->IsLoaded() || cfg.DstFont->ContainerAtlas == atlas));
+
+        // Find index from cfg.DstFont (we allow the user to set cfg.DstFont. Also it makes casual debugging nicer than when storing indices)
+        src_tmp.DstIndex = -1;
+        for (int output_i = 0; output_i < atlas->Fonts.Size && src_tmp.DstIndex == -1; output_i++)
+            if (cfg.DstFont == atlas->Fonts[output_i])
+                src_tmp.DstIndex = output_i;
+        if (src_tmp.DstIndex == -1)
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(src_tmp.DstIndex != -1); // cfg.DstFont not pointing within atlas->Fonts[] array?
+            return false;
+        }
+        // Initialize helper structure for font loading and verify that the TTF/OTF data is correct
+        const int font_offset = stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex((unsigned char*)cfg.FontData, cfg.FontNo);
+        IM_ASSERT(font_offset >= 0 && "FontData is incorrect, or FontNo cannot be found.");
+        if (!stbtt_InitFont(&src_tmp.FontInfo, (unsigned char*)cfg.FontData, font_offset))
+            return false;
+
+        // Measure highest codepoints
+        ImFontBuildDstData& dst_tmp = dst_tmp_array[src_tmp.DstIndex];
+        src_tmp.SrcRanges = cfg.GlyphRanges ? cfg.GlyphRanges : atlas->GetGlyphRangesDefault();
+        for (const ImWchar* src_range = src_tmp.SrcRanges; src_range[0] && src_range[1]; src_range += 2)
+        {
+            // Check for valid range. This may also help detect *some* dangling pointers, because a common
+            // user error is to setup ImFontConfig::GlyphRanges with a pointer to data that isn't persistent.
+            IM_ASSERT(src_range[0] <= src_range[1]);
+            src_tmp.GlyphsHighest = ImMax(src_tmp.GlyphsHighest, (int)src_range[1]);
+        }
+        dst_tmp.SrcCount++;
+        dst_tmp.GlyphsHighest = ImMax(dst_tmp.GlyphsHighest, src_tmp.GlyphsHighest);
+    }
+
+    // 2. For every requested codepoint, check for their presence in the font data, and handle redundancy or overlaps between source fonts to avoid unused glyphs.
+    int total_glyphs_count = 0;
+    for (int src_i = 0; src_i < src_tmp_array.Size; src_i++)
+    {
+        ImFontBuildSrcData& src_tmp = src_tmp_array[src_i];
+        ImFontBuildDstData& dst_tmp = dst_tmp_array[src_tmp.DstIndex];
+        src_tmp.GlyphsSet.Create(src_tmp.GlyphsHighest + 1);
+        if (dst_tmp.GlyphsSet.Storage.empty())
+            dst_tmp.GlyphsSet.Create(dst_tmp.GlyphsHighest + 1);
+
+        for (const ImWchar* src_range = src_tmp.SrcRanges; src_range[0] && src_range[1]; src_range += 2)
+            for (unsigned int codepoint = src_range[0]; codepoint <= src_range[1]; codepoint++)
+            {
+                if (dst_tmp.GlyphsSet.TestBit(codepoint))    // Don't overwrite existing glyphs. We could make this an option for MergeMode (e.g. MergeOverwrite==true)
+                    continue;
+                if (!stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(&src_tmp.FontInfo, codepoint))    // It is actually in the font?
+                    continue;
+
+                // Add to avail set/counters
+                src_tmp.GlyphsCount++;
+                dst_tmp.GlyphsCount++;
+                src_tmp.GlyphsSet.SetBit(codepoint);
+                dst_tmp.GlyphsSet.SetBit(codepoint);
+                total_glyphs_count++;
+            }
+    }
+
+    // 3. Unpack our bit map into a flat list (we now have all the Unicode points that we know are requested _and_ available _and_ not overlapping another)
+    for (int src_i = 0; src_i < src_tmp_array.Size; src_i++)
+    {
+        ImFontBuildSrcData& src_tmp = src_tmp_array[src_i];
+        src_tmp.GlyphsList.reserve(src_tmp.GlyphsCount);
+        UnpackBitVectorToFlatIndexList(&src_tmp.GlyphsSet, &src_tmp.GlyphsList);
+        src_tmp.GlyphsSet.Clear();
+        IM_ASSERT(src_tmp.GlyphsList.Size == src_tmp.GlyphsCount);
+    }
+    for (int dst_i = 0; dst_i < dst_tmp_array.Size; dst_i++)
+        dst_tmp_array[dst_i].GlyphsSet.Clear();
+    dst_tmp_array.clear();
+
+    // Allocate packing character data and flag packed characters buffer as non-packed (x0=y0=x1=y1=0)
+    // (We technically don't need to zero-clear buf_rects, but let's do it for the sake of sanity)
+    ImVector<stbrp_rect> buf_rects;
+    ImVector<stbtt_packedchar> buf_packedchars;
+    buf_rects.resize(total_glyphs_count);
+    buf_packedchars.resize(total_glyphs_count);
+    memset(buf_rects.Data, 0, (size_t)buf_rects.size_in_bytes());
+    memset(buf_packedchars.Data, 0, (size_t)buf_packedchars.size_in_bytes());
+
+    // 4. Gather glyphs sizes so we can pack them in our virtual canvas.
+    int total_surface = 0;
+    int buf_rects_out_n = 0;
+    int buf_packedchars_out_n = 0;
+    for (int src_i = 0; src_i < src_tmp_array.Size; src_i++)
+    {
+        ImFontBuildSrcData& src_tmp = src_tmp_array[src_i];
+        if (src_tmp.GlyphsCount == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        src_tmp.Rects = &buf_rects[buf_rects_out_n];
+        src_tmp.PackedChars = &buf_packedchars[buf_packedchars_out_n];
+        buf_rects_out_n += src_tmp.GlyphsCount;
+        buf_packedchars_out_n += src_tmp.GlyphsCount;
+
+        // Convert our ranges in the format stb_truetype wants
+        ImFontConfig& cfg = atlas->ConfigData[src_i];
+        src_tmp.PackRange.font_size = cfg.SizePixels;
+        src_tmp.PackRange.first_unicode_codepoint_in_range = 0;
+        src_tmp.PackRange.array_of_unicode_codepoints = src_tmp.GlyphsList.Data;
+        src_tmp.PackRange.num_chars = src_tmp.GlyphsList.Size;
+        src_tmp.PackRange.chardata_for_range = src_tmp.PackedChars;
+        src_tmp.PackRange.h_oversample = (unsigned char)cfg.OversampleH;
+        src_tmp.PackRange.v_oversample = (unsigned char)cfg.OversampleV;
+
+        // Gather the sizes of all rectangles we will need to pack (this loop is based on stbtt_PackFontRangesGatherRects)
+        const float scale = (cfg.SizePixels > 0) ? stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&src_tmp.FontInfo, cfg.SizePixels) : stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels(&src_tmp.FontInfo, -cfg.SizePixels);
+        const int padding = atlas->TexGlyphPadding;
+        for (int glyph_i = 0; glyph_i < src_tmp.GlyphsList.Size; glyph_i++)
+        {
+            int x0, y0, x1, y1;
+            const int glyph_index_in_font = stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(&src_tmp.FontInfo, src_tmp.GlyphsList[glyph_i]);
+            IM_ASSERT(glyph_index_in_font != 0);
+            stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(&src_tmp.FontInfo, glyph_index_in_font, scale * cfg.OversampleH, scale * cfg.OversampleV, 0, 0, &x0, &y0, &x1, &y1);
+            src_tmp.Rects[glyph_i].w = (stbrp_coord)(x1 - x0 + padding + cfg.OversampleH - 1);
+            src_tmp.Rects[glyph_i].h = (stbrp_coord)(y1 - y0 + padding + cfg.OversampleV - 1);
+            total_surface += src_tmp.Rects[glyph_i].w * src_tmp.Rects[glyph_i].h;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We need a width for the skyline algorithm, any width!
+    // The exact width doesn't really matter much, but some API/GPU have texture size limitations and increasing width can decrease height.
+    // User can override TexDesiredWidth and TexGlyphPadding if they wish, otherwise we use a simple heuristic to select the width based on expected surface.
+    const int surface_sqrt = (int)ImSqrt((float)total_surface) + 1;
+    atlas->TexHeight = 0;
+    if (atlas->TexDesiredWidth > 0)
+        atlas->TexWidth = atlas->TexDesiredWidth;
+    else
+        atlas->TexWidth = (surface_sqrt >= 4096 * 0.7f) ? 4096 : (surface_sqrt >= 2048 * 0.7f) ? 2048 : (surface_sqrt >= 1024 * 0.7f) ? 1024 : 512;
+
+    // 5. Start packing
+    // Pack our extra data rectangles first, so it will be on the upper-left corner of our texture (UV will have small values).
+    const int TEX_HEIGHT_MAX = 1024 * 32;
+    stbtt_pack_context spc = {};
+    stbtt_PackBegin(&spc, NULL, atlas->TexWidth, TEX_HEIGHT_MAX, 0, atlas->TexGlyphPadding, NULL);
+    ImFontAtlasBuildPackCustomRects(atlas, spc.pack_info);
+
+    // 6. Pack each source font. No rendering yet, we are working with rectangles in an infinitely tall texture at this point.
+    for (int src_i = 0; src_i < src_tmp_array.Size; src_i++)
+    {
+        ImFontBuildSrcData& src_tmp = src_tmp_array[src_i];
+        if (src_tmp.GlyphsCount == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        stbrp_pack_rects((stbrp_context*)spc.pack_info, src_tmp.Rects, src_tmp.GlyphsCount);
+
+        // Extend texture height and mark missing glyphs as non-packed so we won't render them.
+        // FIXME: We are not handling packing failure here (would happen if we got off TEX_HEIGHT_MAX or if a single if larger than TexWidth?)
+        for (int glyph_i = 0; glyph_i < src_tmp.GlyphsCount; glyph_i++)
+            if (src_tmp.Rects[glyph_i].was_packed)
+                atlas->TexHeight = ImMax(atlas->TexHeight, src_tmp.Rects[glyph_i].y + src_tmp.Rects[glyph_i].h);
+    }
+
+    // 7. Allocate texture
+    atlas->TexHeight = (atlas->Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoPowerOfTwoHeight) ? (atlas->TexHeight + 1) : ImUpperPowerOfTwo(atlas->TexHeight);
+    atlas->TexUvScale = ImVec2(1.0f / atlas->TexWidth, 1.0f / atlas->TexHeight);
+    atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8 = (unsigned char*)IM_ALLOC(atlas->TexWidth * atlas->TexHeight);
+    memset(atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8, 0, atlas->TexWidth * atlas->TexHeight);
+    spc.pixels = atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8;
+    spc.height = atlas->TexHeight;
+
+    // 8. Render/rasterize font characters into the texture
+    for (int src_i = 0; src_i < src_tmp_array.Size; src_i++)
+    {
+        ImFontConfig& cfg = atlas->ConfigData[src_i];
+        ImFontBuildSrcData& src_tmp = src_tmp_array[src_i];
+        if (src_tmp.GlyphsCount == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        stbtt_PackFontRangesRenderIntoRects(&spc, &src_tmp.FontInfo, &src_tmp.PackRange, 1, src_tmp.Rects);
+
+        // Apply multiply operator
+        if (cfg.RasterizerMultiply != 1.0f)
+        {
+            unsigned char multiply_table[256];
+            ImFontAtlasBuildMultiplyCalcLookupTable(multiply_table, cfg.RasterizerMultiply);
+            stbrp_rect* r = &src_tmp.Rects[0];
+            for (int glyph_i = 0; glyph_i < src_tmp.GlyphsCount; glyph_i++, r++)
+                if (r->was_packed)
+                    ImFontAtlasBuildMultiplyRectAlpha8(multiply_table, atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8, r->x, r->y, r->w, r->h, atlas->TexWidth * 1);
+        }
+        src_tmp.Rects = NULL;
+    }
+
+    // End packing
+    stbtt_PackEnd(&spc);
+    buf_rects.clear();
+
+    // 9. Setup ImFont and glyphs for runtime
+    for (int src_i = 0; src_i < src_tmp_array.Size; src_i++)
+    {
+        ImFontBuildSrcData& src_tmp = src_tmp_array[src_i];
+        if (src_tmp.GlyphsCount == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        // When merging fonts with MergeMode=true:
+        // - We can have multiple input fonts writing into a same destination font.
+        // - dst_font->ConfigData is != from cfg which is our source configuration.
+        ImFontConfig& cfg = atlas->ConfigData[src_i];
+        ImFont* dst_font = cfg.DstFont;
+
+        const float font_scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&src_tmp.FontInfo, cfg.SizePixels);
+        int unscaled_ascent, unscaled_descent, unscaled_line_gap;
+        stbtt_GetFontVMetrics(&src_tmp.FontInfo, &unscaled_ascent, &unscaled_descent, &unscaled_line_gap);
+
+        const float ascent = ImFloor(unscaled_ascent * font_scale + ((unscaled_ascent > 0.0f) ? +1 : -1));
+        const float descent = ImFloor(unscaled_descent * font_scale + ((unscaled_descent > 0.0f) ? +1 : -1));
+        ImFontAtlasBuildSetupFont(atlas, dst_font, &cfg, ascent, descent);
+        const float font_off_x = cfg.GlyphOffset.x;
+        const float font_off_y = cfg.GlyphOffset.y + IM_ROUND(dst_font->Ascent);
+
+        for (int glyph_i = 0; glyph_i < src_tmp.GlyphsCount; glyph_i++)
+        {
+            // Register glyph
+            const int codepoint = src_tmp.GlyphsList[glyph_i];
+            const stbtt_packedchar& pc = src_tmp.PackedChars[glyph_i];
+            stbtt_aligned_quad q;
+            float unused_x = 0.0f, unused_y = 0.0f;
+            stbtt_GetPackedQuad(src_tmp.PackedChars, atlas->TexWidth, atlas->TexHeight, glyph_i, &unused_x, &unused_y, &q, 0);
+            dst_font->AddGlyph(&cfg, (ImWchar)codepoint, q.x0 + font_off_x, q.y0 + font_off_y, q.x1 + font_off_x, q.y1 + font_off_y, q.s0, q.t0, q.s1, q.t1, pc.xadvance);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Cleanup
+    src_tmp_array.clear_destruct();
+
+    ImFontAtlasBuildFinish(atlas);
+    return true;
+}
+
+const ImFontBuilderIO* ImFontAtlasGetBuilderForStbTruetype()
+{
+    static ImFontBuilderIO io;
+    io.FontBuilder_Build = ImFontAtlasBuildWithStbTruetype;
+    return &io;
+}
+
+#endif // IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE
+
+void ImFontAtlasBuildSetupFont(ImFontAtlas* atlas, ImFont* font, ImFontConfig* font_config, float ascent, float descent)
+{
+    if (!font_config->MergeMode)
+    {
+        font->ClearOutputData();
+        font->FontSize = font_config->SizePixels;
+        font->ConfigData = font_config;
+        font->ConfigDataCount = 0;
+        font->ContainerAtlas = atlas;
+        font->Ascent = ascent;
+        font->Descent = descent;
+    }
+    font->ConfigDataCount++;
+}
+
+void ImFontAtlasBuildPackCustomRects(ImFontAtlas* atlas, void* stbrp_context_opaque)
+{
+    stbrp_context* pack_context = (stbrp_context*)stbrp_context_opaque;
+    IM_ASSERT(pack_context != NULL);
+
+    ImVector<ImFontAtlasCustomRect>& user_rects = atlas->CustomRects;
+    IM_ASSERT(user_rects.Size >= 1); // We expect at least the default custom rects to be registered, else something went wrong.
+
+    ImVector<stbrp_rect> pack_rects;
+    pack_rects.resize(user_rects.Size);
+    memset(pack_rects.Data, 0, (size_t)pack_rects.size_in_bytes());
+    for (int i = 0; i < user_rects.Size; i++)
+    {
+        pack_rects[i].w = user_rects[i].Width;
+        pack_rects[i].h = user_rects[i].Height;
+    }
+    stbrp_pack_rects(pack_context, &pack_rects[0], pack_rects.Size);
+    for (int i = 0; i < pack_rects.Size; i++)
+        if (pack_rects[i].was_packed)
+        {
+            user_rects[i].X = (unsigned short)pack_rects[i].x;
+            user_rects[i].Y = (unsigned short)pack_rects[i].y;
+            IM_ASSERT(pack_rects[i].w == user_rects[i].Width && pack_rects[i].h == user_rects[i].Height);
+            atlas->TexHeight = ImMax(atlas->TexHeight, pack_rects[i].y + pack_rects[i].h);
+        }
+}
+
+void ImFontAtlasBuildRender8bppRectFromString(ImFontAtlas* atlas, int x, int y, int w, int h, const char* in_str, char in_marker_char, unsigned char in_marker_pixel_value)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(x >= 0 && x + w <= atlas->TexWidth);
+    IM_ASSERT(y >= 0 && y + h <= atlas->TexHeight);
+    unsigned char* out_pixel = atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8 + x + (y * atlas->TexWidth);
+    for (int off_y = 0; off_y < h; off_y++, out_pixel += atlas->TexWidth, in_str += w)
+        for (int off_x = 0; off_x < w; off_x++)
+            out_pixel[off_x] = (in_str[off_x] == in_marker_char) ? in_marker_pixel_value : 0x00;
+}
+
+void ImFontAtlasBuildRender32bppRectFromString(ImFontAtlas* atlas, int x, int y, int w, int h, const char* in_str, char in_marker_char, unsigned int in_marker_pixel_value)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(x >= 0 && x + w <= atlas->TexWidth);
+    IM_ASSERT(y >= 0 && y + h <= atlas->TexHeight);
+    unsigned int* out_pixel = atlas->TexPixelsRGBA32 + x + (y * atlas->TexWidth);
+    for (int off_y = 0; off_y < h; off_y++, out_pixel += atlas->TexWidth, in_str += w)
+        for (int off_x = 0; off_x < w; off_x++)
+            out_pixel[off_x] = (in_str[off_x] == in_marker_char) ? in_marker_pixel_value : IM_COL32_BLACK_TRANS;
+}
+
+static void ImFontAtlasBuildRenderDefaultTexData(ImFontAtlas* atlas)
+{
+    ImFontAtlasCustomRect* r = atlas->GetCustomRectByIndex(atlas->PackIdMouseCursors);
+    IM_ASSERT(r->IsPacked());
+
+    const int w = atlas->TexWidth;
+    if (!(atlas->Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoMouseCursors))
+    {
+        // Render/copy pixels
+        IM_ASSERT(r->Width == FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W * 2 + 1 && r->Height == FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H);
+        const int x_for_white = r->X;
+        const int x_for_black = r->X + FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W + 1;
+        if (atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8 != NULL)
+        {
+            ImFontAtlasBuildRender8bppRectFromString(atlas, x_for_white, r->Y, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_PIXELS, '.', 0xFF);
+            ImFontAtlasBuildRender8bppRectFromString(atlas, x_for_black, r->Y, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_PIXELS, 'X', 0xFF);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            ImFontAtlasBuildRender32bppRectFromString(atlas, x_for_white, r->Y, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_PIXELS, '.', IM_COL32_WHITE);
+            ImFontAtlasBuildRender32bppRectFromString(atlas, x_for_black, r->Y, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_PIXELS, 'X', IM_COL32_WHITE);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Render 4 white pixels
+        IM_ASSERT(r->Width == 2 && r->Height == 2);
+        const int offset = (int)r->X + (int)r->Y * w;
+        if (atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8 != NULL)
+        {
+            atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8[offset] = atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8[offset + 1] = atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8[offset + w] = atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8[offset + w + 1] = 0xFF;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            atlas->TexPixelsRGBA32[offset] = atlas->TexPixelsRGBA32[offset + 1] = atlas->TexPixelsRGBA32[offset + w] = atlas->TexPixelsRGBA32[offset + w + 1] = IM_COL32_WHITE;
+        }
+    }
+    atlas->TexUvWhitePixel = ImVec2((r->X + 0.5f) * atlas->TexUvScale.x, (r->Y + 0.5f) * atlas->TexUvScale.y);
+}
+
+static void ImFontAtlasBuildRenderLinesTexData(ImFontAtlas* atlas)
+{
+    if (atlas->Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines)
+        return;
+
+    // This generates a triangular shape in the texture, with the various line widths stacked on top of each other to allow interpolation between them
+    ImFontAtlasCustomRect* r = atlas->GetCustomRectByIndex(atlas->PackIdLines);
+    IM_ASSERT(r->IsPacked());
+    for (unsigned int n = 0; n < IM_DRAWLIST_TEX_LINES_WIDTH_MAX + 1; n++) // +1 because of the zero-width row
+    {
+        // Each line consists of at least two empty pixels at the ends, with a line of solid pixels in the middle
+        unsigned int y = n;
+        unsigned int line_width = n;
+        unsigned int pad_left = (r->Width - line_width) / 2;
+        unsigned int pad_right = r->Width - (pad_left + line_width);
+
+        // Write each slice
+        IM_ASSERT(pad_left + line_width + pad_right == r->Width && y < r->Height); // Make sure we're inside the texture bounds before we start writing pixels
+        if (atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8 != NULL)
+        {
+            unsigned char* write_ptr = &atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8[r->X + ((r->Y + y) * atlas->TexWidth)];
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pad_left; i++)
+                *(write_ptr + i) = 0x00;
+
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < line_width; i++)
+                *(write_ptr + pad_left + i) = 0xFF;
+
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pad_right; i++)
+                *(write_ptr + pad_left + line_width + i) = 0x00;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            unsigned int* write_ptr = &atlas->TexPixelsRGBA32[r->X + ((r->Y + y) * atlas->TexWidth)];
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pad_left; i++)
+                *(write_ptr + i) = IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 0);
+
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < line_width; i++)
+                *(write_ptr + pad_left + i) = IM_COL32_WHITE;
+
+            for (unsigned int i = 0; i < pad_right; i++)
+                *(write_ptr + pad_left + line_width + i) = IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 0);
+        }
+
+        // Calculate UVs for this line
+        ImVec2 uv0 = ImVec2((float)(r->X + pad_left - 1), (float)(r->Y + y)) * atlas->TexUvScale;
+        ImVec2 uv1 = ImVec2((float)(r->X + pad_left + line_width + 1), (float)(r->Y + y + 1)) * atlas->TexUvScale;
+        float half_v = (uv0.y + uv1.y) * 0.5f; // Calculate a constant V in the middle of the row to avoid sampling artifacts
+        atlas->TexUvLines[n] = ImVec4(uv0.x, half_v, uv1.x, half_v);
+    }
+}
+
+// Note: this is called / shared by both the stb_truetype and the FreeType builder
+void ImFontAtlasBuildInit(ImFontAtlas* atlas)
+{
+    // Register texture region for mouse cursors or standard white pixels
+    if (atlas->PackIdMouseCursors < 0)
+    {
+        if (!(atlas->Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoMouseCursors))
+            atlas->PackIdMouseCursors = atlas->AddCustomRectRegular(FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_W * 2 + 1, FONT_ATLAS_DEFAULT_TEX_DATA_H);
+        else
+            atlas->PackIdMouseCursors = atlas->AddCustomRectRegular(2, 2);
+    }
+
+    // Register texture region for thick lines
+    // The +2 here is to give space for the end caps, whilst height +1 is to accommodate the fact we have a zero-width row
+    if (atlas->PackIdLines < 0)
+    {
+        if (!(atlas->Flags & ImFontAtlasFlags_NoBakedLines))
+            atlas->PackIdLines = atlas->AddCustomRectRegular(IM_DRAWLIST_TEX_LINES_WIDTH_MAX + 2, IM_DRAWLIST_TEX_LINES_WIDTH_MAX + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// This is called/shared by both the stb_truetype and the FreeType builder.
+void ImFontAtlasBuildFinish(ImFontAtlas* atlas)
+{
+    // Render into our custom data blocks
+    IM_ASSERT(atlas->TexPixelsAlpha8 != NULL || atlas->TexPixelsRGBA32 != NULL);
+    ImFontAtlasBuildRenderDefaultTexData(atlas);
+    ImFontAtlasBuildRenderLinesTexData(atlas);
+
+    // Register custom rectangle glyphs
+    for (int i = 0; i < atlas->CustomRects.Size; i++)
+    {
+        const ImFontAtlasCustomRect* r = &atlas->CustomRects[i];
+        if (r->Font == NULL || r->GlyphID == 0)
+            continue;
+
+        // Will ignore ImFontConfig settings: GlyphMinAdvanceX, GlyphMinAdvanceY, GlyphExtraSpacing, PixelSnapH
+        IM_ASSERT(r->Font->ContainerAtlas == atlas);
+        ImVec2 uv0, uv1;
+        atlas->CalcCustomRectUV(r, &uv0, &uv1);
+        r->Font->AddGlyph(NULL, (ImWchar)r->GlyphID, r->GlyphOffset.x, r->GlyphOffset.y, r->GlyphOffset.x + r->Width, r->GlyphOffset.y + r->Height, uv0.x, uv0.y, uv1.x, uv1.y, r->GlyphAdvanceX);
+    }
+
+    // Build all fonts lookup tables
+    for (int i = 0; i < atlas->Fonts.Size; i++)
+        if (atlas->Fonts[i]->DirtyLookupTables)
+            atlas->Fonts[i]->BuildLookupTable();
+
+    atlas->TexReady = true;
+}
+
+// Retrieve list of range (2 int per range, values are inclusive)
+const ImWchar*   ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesDefault()
+{
+    static const ImWchar ranges[] =
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin + Latin Supplement
+        0,
+    };
+    return &ranges[0];
+}
+
+const ImWchar*   ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesGreek()
+{
+    static const ImWchar ranges[] =
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin + Latin Supplement
+        0x0370, 0x03FF, // Greek and Coptic
+        0,
+    };
+    return &ranges[0];
+}
+
+const ImWchar*  ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesKorean()
+{
+    static const ImWchar ranges[] =
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin + Latin Supplement
+        0x3131, 0x3163, // Korean alphabets
+        0xAC00, 0xD7A3, // Korean characters
+        0xFFFD, 0xFFFD, // Invalid
+        0,
+    };
+    return &ranges[0];
+}
+
+const ImWchar*  ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesChineseFull()
+{
+    static const ImWchar ranges[] =
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin + Latin Supplement
+        0x2000, 0x206F, // General Punctuation
+        0x3000, 0x30FF, // CJK Symbols and Punctuations, Hiragana, Katakana
+        0x31F0, 0x31FF, // Katakana Phonetic Extensions
+        0xFF00, 0xFFEF, // Half-width characters
+        0xFFFD, 0xFFFD, // Invalid
+        0x4e00, 0x9FAF, // CJK Ideograms
+        0,
+    };
+    return &ranges[0];
+}
+
+static void UnpackAccumulativeOffsetsIntoRanges(int base_codepoint, const short* accumulative_offsets, int accumulative_offsets_count, ImWchar* out_ranges)
+{
+    for (int n = 0; n < accumulative_offsets_count; n++, out_ranges += 2)
+    {
+        out_ranges[0] = out_ranges[1] = (ImWchar)(base_codepoint + accumulative_offsets[n]);
+        base_codepoint += accumulative_offsets[n];
+    }
+    out_ranges[0] = 0;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImFontAtlas glyph ranges helpers
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+const ImWchar*  ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesChineseSimplifiedCommon()
+{
+    // Store 2500 regularly used characters for Simplified Chinese.
+    // Sourced from https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E9%99%84%E5%BD%95:%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8
+    // This table covers 97.97% of all characters used during the month in July, 1987.
+    // You can use ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder to create your own ranges derived from this, by merging existing ranges or adding new characters.
+    // (Stored as accumulative offsets from the initial unicode codepoint 0x4E00. This encoding is designed to helps us compact the source code size.)
+    static const short accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00[] =
+    {
+        0,1,2,4,1,1,1,1,2,1,3,2,1,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,5,2,1,2,3,3,3,2,2,4,1,1,1,2,1,5,2,3,1,2,1,2,1,1,2,1,1,2,2,1,4,1,1,1,1,5,10,1,2,19,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,1,2,
+        1,5,1,6,3,2,1,2,2,1,1,1,4,8,5,1,1,4,1,1,3,1,2,1,5,1,2,1,1,1,10,1,1,5,2,4,6,1,4,2,2,2,12,2,1,1,6,1,1,1,4,1,1,4,6,5,1,4,2,2,4,10,7,1,1,4,2,4,
+        2,1,4,3,6,10,12,5,7,2,14,2,9,1,1,6,7,10,4,7,13,1,5,4,8,4,1,1,2,28,5,6,1,1,5,2,5,20,2,2,9,8,11,2,9,17,1,8,6,8,27,4,6,9,20,11,27,6,68,2,2,1,1,
+        1,2,1,2,2,7,6,11,3,3,1,1,3,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,3,1,1,8,3,4,1,5,7,2,1,4,4,8,4,2,1,2,1,1,4,5,6,3,6,2,12,3,1,3,9,2,4,3,4,1,5,3,3,1,3,7,1,5,1,1,1,1,2,
+        3,4,5,2,3,2,6,1,1,2,1,7,1,7,3,4,5,15,2,2,1,5,3,22,19,2,1,1,1,1,2,5,1,1,1,6,1,1,12,8,2,9,18,22,4,1,1,5,1,16,1,2,7,10,15,1,1,6,2,4,1,2,4,1,6,
+        1,1,3,2,4,1,6,4,5,1,2,1,1,2,1,10,3,1,3,2,1,9,3,2,5,7,2,19,4,3,6,1,1,1,1,1,4,3,2,1,1,1,2,5,3,1,1,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,2,1,3,1,1,1,3,7,1,4,1,1,2,1,
+        1,2,1,2,4,4,3,8,1,1,1,2,1,3,5,1,3,1,3,4,6,2,2,14,4,6,6,11,9,1,15,3,1,28,5,2,5,5,3,1,3,4,5,4,6,14,3,2,3,5,21,2,7,20,10,1,2,19,2,4,28,28,2,3,
+        2,1,14,4,1,26,28,42,12,40,3,52,79,5,14,17,3,2,2,11,3,4,6,3,1,8,2,23,4,5,8,10,4,2,7,3,5,1,1,6,3,1,2,2,2,5,28,1,1,7,7,20,5,3,29,3,17,26,1,8,4,
+        27,3,6,11,23,5,3,4,6,13,24,16,6,5,10,25,35,7,3,2,3,3,14,3,6,2,6,1,4,2,3,8,2,1,1,3,3,3,4,1,1,13,2,2,4,5,2,1,14,14,1,2,2,1,4,5,2,3,1,14,3,12,
+        3,17,2,16,5,1,2,1,8,9,3,19,4,2,2,4,17,25,21,20,28,75,1,10,29,103,4,1,2,1,1,4,2,4,1,2,3,24,2,2,2,1,1,2,1,3,8,1,1,1,2,1,1,3,1,1,1,6,1,5,3,1,1,
+        1,3,4,1,1,5,2,1,5,6,13,9,16,1,1,1,1,3,2,3,2,4,5,2,5,2,2,3,7,13,7,2,2,1,1,1,1,2,3,3,2,1,6,4,9,2,1,14,2,14,2,1,18,3,4,14,4,11,41,15,23,15,23,
+        176,1,3,4,1,1,1,1,5,3,1,2,3,7,3,1,1,2,1,2,4,4,6,2,4,1,9,7,1,10,5,8,16,29,1,1,2,2,3,1,3,5,2,4,5,4,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,1,6,10,1,17,1,44,4,6,2,1,1,6,
+        5,4,2,10,1,6,9,2,8,1,24,1,2,13,7,8,8,2,1,4,1,3,1,3,3,5,2,5,10,9,4,9,12,2,1,6,1,10,1,1,7,7,4,10,8,3,1,13,4,3,1,6,1,3,5,2,1,2,17,16,5,2,16,6,
+        1,4,2,1,3,3,6,8,5,11,11,1,3,3,2,4,6,10,9,5,7,4,7,4,7,1,1,4,2,1,3,6,8,7,1,6,11,5,5,3,24,9,4,2,7,13,5,1,8,82,16,61,1,1,1,4,2,2,16,10,3,8,1,1,
+        6,4,2,1,3,1,1,1,4,3,8,4,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,6,3,5,1,1,4,6,9,2,1,1,1,2,1,7,2,1,6,1,5,4,4,3,1,8,1,3,3,1,3,2,2,2,2,3,1,6,1,2,1,2,1,3,7,1,8,2,1,2,1,5,
+        2,5,3,5,10,1,2,1,1,3,2,5,11,3,9,3,5,1,1,5,9,1,2,1,5,7,9,9,8,1,3,3,3,6,8,2,3,2,1,1,32,6,1,2,15,9,3,7,13,1,3,10,13,2,14,1,13,10,2,1,3,10,4,15,
+        2,15,15,10,1,3,9,6,9,32,25,26,47,7,3,2,3,1,6,3,4,3,2,8,5,4,1,9,4,2,2,19,10,6,2,3,8,1,2,2,4,2,1,9,4,4,4,6,4,8,9,2,3,1,1,1,1,3,5,5,1,3,8,4,6,
+        2,1,4,12,1,5,3,7,13,2,5,8,1,6,1,2,5,14,6,1,5,2,4,8,15,5,1,23,6,62,2,10,1,1,8,1,2,2,10,4,2,2,9,2,1,1,3,2,3,1,5,3,3,2,1,3,8,1,1,1,11,3,1,1,4,
+        3,7,1,14,1,2,3,12,5,2,5,1,6,7,5,7,14,11,1,3,1,8,9,12,2,1,11,8,4,4,2,6,10,9,13,1,1,3,1,5,1,3,2,4,4,1,18,2,3,14,11,4,29,4,2,7,1,3,13,9,2,2,5,
+        3,5,20,7,16,8,5,72,34,6,4,22,12,12,28,45,36,9,7,39,9,191,1,1,1,4,11,8,4,9,2,3,22,1,1,1,1,4,17,1,7,7,1,11,31,10,2,4,8,2,3,2,1,4,2,16,4,32,2,
+        3,19,13,4,9,1,5,2,14,8,1,1,3,6,19,6,5,1,16,6,2,10,8,5,1,2,3,1,5,5,1,11,6,6,1,3,3,2,6,3,8,1,1,4,10,7,5,7,7,5,8,9,2,1,3,4,1,1,3,1,3,3,2,6,16,
+        1,4,6,3,1,10,6,1,3,15,2,9,2,10,25,13,9,16,6,2,2,10,11,4,3,9,1,2,6,6,5,4,30,40,1,10,7,12,14,33,6,3,6,7,3,1,3,1,11,14,4,9,5,12,11,49,18,51,31,
+        140,31,2,2,1,5,1,8,1,10,1,4,4,3,24,1,10,1,3,6,6,16,3,4,5,2,1,4,2,57,10,6,22,2,22,3,7,22,6,10,11,36,18,16,33,36,2,5,5,1,1,1,4,10,1,4,13,2,7,
+        5,2,9,3,4,1,7,43,3,7,3,9,14,7,9,1,11,1,1,3,7,4,18,13,1,14,1,3,6,10,73,2,2,30,6,1,11,18,19,13,22,3,46,42,37,89,7,3,16,34,2,2,3,9,1,7,1,1,1,2,
+        2,4,10,7,3,10,3,9,5,28,9,2,6,13,7,3,1,3,10,2,7,2,11,3,6,21,54,85,2,1,4,2,2,1,39,3,21,2,2,5,1,1,1,4,1,1,3,4,15,1,3,2,4,4,2,3,8,2,20,1,8,7,13,
+        4,1,26,6,2,9,34,4,21,52,10,4,4,1,5,12,2,11,1,7,2,30,12,44,2,30,1,1,3,6,16,9,17,39,82,2,2,24,7,1,7,3,16,9,14,44,2,1,2,1,2,3,5,2,4,1,6,7,5,3,
+        2,6,1,11,5,11,2,1,18,19,8,1,3,24,29,2,1,3,5,2,2,1,13,6,5,1,46,11,3,5,1,1,5,8,2,10,6,12,6,3,7,11,2,4,16,13,2,5,1,1,2,2,5,2,28,5,2,23,10,8,4,
+        4,22,39,95,38,8,14,9,5,1,13,5,4,3,13,12,11,1,9,1,27,37,2,5,4,4,63,211,95,2,2,2,1,3,5,2,1,1,2,2,1,1,1,3,2,4,1,2,1,1,5,2,2,1,1,2,3,1,3,1,1,1,
+        3,1,4,2,1,3,6,1,1,3,7,15,5,3,2,5,3,9,11,4,2,22,1,6,3,8,7,1,4,28,4,16,3,3,25,4,4,27,27,1,4,1,2,2,7,1,3,5,2,28,8,2,14,1,8,6,16,25,3,3,3,14,3,
+        3,1,1,2,1,4,6,3,8,4,1,1,1,2,3,6,10,6,2,3,18,3,2,5,5,4,3,1,5,2,5,4,23,7,6,12,6,4,17,11,9,5,1,1,10,5,12,1,1,11,26,33,7,3,6,1,17,7,1,5,12,1,11,
+        2,4,1,8,14,17,23,1,2,1,7,8,16,11,9,6,5,2,6,4,16,2,8,14,1,11,8,9,1,1,1,9,25,4,11,19,7,2,15,2,12,8,52,7,5,19,2,16,4,36,8,1,16,8,24,26,4,6,2,9,
+        5,4,36,3,28,12,25,15,37,27,17,12,59,38,5,32,127,1,2,9,17,14,4,1,2,1,1,8,11,50,4,14,2,19,16,4,17,5,4,5,26,12,45,2,23,45,104,30,12,8,3,10,2,2,
+        3,3,1,4,20,7,2,9,6,15,2,20,1,3,16,4,11,15,6,134,2,5,59,1,2,2,2,1,9,17,3,26,137,10,211,59,1,2,4,1,4,1,1,1,2,6,2,3,1,1,2,3,2,3,1,3,4,4,2,3,3,
+        1,4,3,1,7,2,2,3,1,2,1,3,3,3,2,2,3,2,1,3,14,6,1,3,2,9,6,15,27,9,34,145,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,1,2,1,1,1,2,3,5,8,3,5,2,4,1,3,2,2,2,12,
+        4,1,1,1,10,4,5,1,20,4,16,1,15,9,5,12,2,9,2,5,4,2,26,19,7,1,26,4,30,12,15,42,1,6,8,172,1,1,4,2,1,1,11,2,2,4,2,1,2,1,10,8,1,2,1,4,5,1,2,5,1,8,
+        4,1,3,4,2,1,6,2,1,3,4,1,2,1,1,1,1,12,5,7,2,4,3,1,1,1,3,3,6,1,2,2,3,3,3,2,1,2,12,14,11,6,6,4,12,2,8,1,7,10,1,35,7,4,13,15,4,3,23,21,28,52,5,
+        26,5,6,1,7,10,2,7,53,3,2,1,1,1,2,163,532,1,10,11,1,3,3,4,8,2,8,6,2,2,23,22,4,2,2,4,2,1,3,1,3,3,5,9,8,2,1,2,8,1,10,2,12,21,20,15,105,2,3,1,1,
+        3,2,3,1,1,2,5,1,4,15,11,19,1,1,1,1,5,4,5,1,1,2,5,3,5,12,1,2,5,1,11,1,1,15,9,1,4,5,3,26,8,2,1,3,1,1,15,19,2,12,1,2,5,2,7,2,19,2,20,6,26,7,5,
+        2,2,7,34,21,13,70,2,128,1,1,2,1,1,2,1,1,3,2,2,2,15,1,4,1,3,4,42,10,6,1,49,85,8,1,2,1,1,4,4,2,3,6,1,5,7,4,3,211,4,1,2,1,2,5,1,2,4,2,2,6,5,6,
+        10,3,4,48,100,6,2,16,296,5,27,387,2,2,3,7,16,8,5,38,15,39,21,9,10,3,7,59,13,27,21,47,5,21,6
+    };
+    static ImWchar base_ranges[] = // not zero-terminated
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin + Latin Supplement
+        0x2000, 0x206F, // General Punctuation
+        0x3000, 0x30FF, // CJK Symbols and Punctuations, Hiragana, Katakana
+        0x31F0, 0x31FF, // Katakana Phonetic Extensions
+        0xFF00, 0xFFEF, // Half-width characters
+        0xFFFD, 0xFFFD  // Invalid
+    };
+    static ImWchar full_ranges[IM_ARRAYSIZE(base_ranges) + IM_ARRAYSIZE(accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00) * 2 + 1] = { 0 };
+    if (!full_ranges[0])
+    {
+        memcpy(full_ranges, base_ranges, sizeof(base_ranges));
+        UnpackAccumulativeOffsetsIntoRanges(0x4E00, accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00, IM_ARRAYSIZE(accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00), full_ranges + IM_ARRAYSIZE(base_ranges));
+    }
+    return &full_ranges[0];
+}
+
+const ImWchar*  ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesJapanese()
+{
+    // 2999 ideograms code points for Japanese
+    // - 2136 Joyo (meaning "for regular use" or "for common use") Kanji code points
+    // - 863 Jinmeiyo (meaning "for personal name") Kanji code points
+    // - Sourced from official information provided by the government agencies of Japan:
+    //   - List of Joyo Kanji by the Agency for Cultural Affairs
+    //     - https://www.bunka.go.jp/kokugo_nihongo/sisaku/joho/joho/kijun/naikaku/kanji/
+    //   - List of Jinmeiyo Kanji by the Ministry of Justice
+    //     - http://www.moj.go.jp/MINJI/minji86.html
+    //   - Available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
+    //     - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode
+    // - You can generate this code by the script at:
+    //   - https://github.com/vaiorabbit/everyday_use_kanji
+    // - References:
+    //   - List of Joyo Kanji
+    //     - (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_j%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji
+    //   - List of Jinmeiyo Kanji
+    //     - (Wikipedia) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinmeiy%C5%8D_kanji
+    // - Missing 1 Joyo Kanji: U+20B9F (Kun'yomi: Shikaru, On'yomi: Shitsu,shichi), see https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/pull/3627 for details.
+    // You can use ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder to create your own ranges derived from this, by merging existing ranges or adding new characters.
+    // (Stored as accumulative offsets from the initial unicode codepoint 0x4E00. This encoding is designed to helps us compact the source code size.)
+    static const short accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00[] =
+    {
+        0,1,2,4,1,1,1,1,2,1,3,3,2,2,1,5,3,5,7,5,6,1,2,1,7,2,6,3,1,8,1,1,4,1,1,18,2,11,2,6,2,1,2,1,5,1,2,1,3,1,2,1,2,3,3,1,1,2,3,1,1,1,12,7,9,1,4,5,1,
+        1,2,1,10,1,1,9,2,2,4,5,6,9,3,1,1,1,1,9,3,18,5,2,2,2,2,1,6,3,7,1,1,1,1,2,2,4,2,1,23,2,10,4,3,5,2,4,10,2,4,13,1,6,1,9,3,1,1,6,6,7,6,3,1,2,11,3,
+        2,2,3,2,15,2,2,5,4,3,6,4,1,2,5,2,12,16,6,13,9,13,2,1,1,7,16,4,7,1,19,1,5,1,2,2,7,7,8,2,6,5,4,9,18,7,4,5,9,13,11,8,15,2,1,1,1,2,1,2,2,1,2,2,8,
+        2,9,3,3,1,1,4,4,1,1,1,4,9,1,4,3,5,5,2,7,5,3,4,8,2,1,13,2,3,3,1,14,1,1,4,5,1,3,6,1,5,2,1,1,3,3,3,3,1,1,2,7,6,6,7,1,4,7,6,1,1,1,1,1,12,3,3,9,5,
+        2,6,1,5,6,1,2,3,18,2,4,14,4,1,3,6,1,1,6,3,5,5,3,2,2,2,2,12,3,1,4,2,3,2,3,11,1,7,4,1,2,1,3,17,1,9,1,24,1,1,4,2,2,4,1,2,7,1,1,1,3,1,2,2,4,15,1,
+        1,2,1,1,2,1,5,2,5,20,2,5,9,1,10,8,7,6,1,1,1,1,1,1,6,2,1,2,8,1,1,1,1,5,1,1,3,1,1,1,1,3,1,1,12,4,1,3,1,1,1,1,1,10,3,1,7,5,13,1,2,3,4,6,1,1,30,
+        2,9,9,1,15,38,11,3,1,8,24,7,1,9,8,10,2,1,9,31,2,13,6,2,9,4,49,5,2,15,2,1,10,2,1,1,1,2,2,6,15,30,35,3,14,18,8,1,16,10,28,12,19,45,38,1,3,2,3,
+        13,2,1,7,3,6,5,3,4,3,1,5,7,8,1,5,3,18,5,3,6,1,21,4,24,9,24,40,3,14,3,21,3,2,1,2,4,2,3,1,15,15,6,5,1,1,3,1,5,6,1,9,7,3,3,2,1,4,3,8,21,5,16,4,
+        5,2,10,11,11,3,6,3,2,9,3,6,13,1,2,1,1,1,1,11,12,6,6,1,4,2,6,5,2,1,1,3,3,6,13,3,1,1,5,1,2,3,3,14,2,1,2,2,2,5,1,9,5,1,1,6,12,3,12,3,4,13,2,14,
+        2,8,1,17,5,1,16,4,2,2,21,8,9,6,23,20,12,25,19,9,38,8,3,21,40,25,33,13,4,3,1,4,1,2,4,1,2,5,26,2,1,1,2,1,3,6,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,3,1,1,1,9,2,3,1,1,
+        1,3,6,3,2,1,1,6,6,1,8,2,2,2,1,4,1,2,3,2,7,3,2,4,1,2,1,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,3,1,2,5,4,10,9,4,9,1,1,1,1,1,1,5,3,2,1,6,4,9,6,1,10,2,31,17,8,3,7,5,40,1,
+        7,7,1,6,5,2,10,7,8,4,15,39,25,6,28,47,18,10,7,1,3,1,1,2,1,1,1,3,3,3,1,1,1,3,4,2,1,4,1,3,6,10,7,8,6,2,2,1,3,3,2,5,8,7,9,12,2,15,1,1,4,1,2,1,1,
+        1,3,2,1,3,3,5,6,2,3,2,10,1,4,2,8,1,1,1,11,6,1,21,4,16,3,1,3,1,4,2,3,6,5,1,3,1,1,3,3,4,6,1,1,10,4,2,7,10,4,7,4,2,9,4,3,1,1,1,4,1,8,3,4,1,3,1,
+        6,1,4,2,1,4,7,2,1,8,1,4,5,1,1,2,2,4,6,2,7,1,10,1,1,3,4,11,10,8,21,4,6,1,3,5,2,1,2,28,5,5,2,3,13,1,2,3,1,4,2,1,5,20,3,8,11,1,3,3,3,1,8,10,9,2,
+        10,9,2,3,1,1,2,4,1,8,3,6,1,7,8,6,11,1,4,29,8,4,3,1,2,7,13,1,4,1,6,2,6,12,12,2,20,3,2,3,6,4,8,9,2,7,34,5,1,18,6,1,1,4,4,5,7,9,1,2,2,4,3,4,1,7,
+        2,2,2,6,2,3,25,5,3,6,1,4,6,7,4,2,1,4,2,13,6,4,4,3,1,5,3,4,4,3,2,1,1,4,1,2,1,1,3,1,11,1,6,3,1,7,3,6,2,8,8,6,9,3,4,11,3,2,10,12,2,5,11,1,6,4,5,
+        3,1,8,5,4,6,6,3,5,1,1,3,2,1,2,2,6,17,12,1,10,1,6,12,1,6,6,19,9,6,16,1,13,4,4,15,7,17,6,11,9,15,12,6,7,2,1,2,2,15,9,3,21,4,6,49,18,7,3,2,3,1,
+        6,8,2,2,6,2,9,1,3,6,4,4,1,2,16,2,5,2,1,6,2,3,5,3,1,2,5,1,2,1,9,3,1,8,6,4,8,11,3,1,1,1,1,3,1,13,8,4,1,3,2,2,1,4,1,11,1,5,2,1,5,2,5,8,6,1,1,7,
+        4,3,8,3,2,7,2,1,5,1,5,2,4,7,6,2,8,5,1,11,4,5,3,6,18,1,2,13,3,3,1,21,1,1,4,1,4,1,1,1,8,1,2,2,7,1,2,4,2,2,9,2,1,1,1,4,3,6,3,12,5,1,1,1,5,6,3,2,
+        4,8,2,2,4,2,7,1,8,9,5,2,3,2,1,3,2,13,7,14,6,5,1,1,2,1,4,2,23,2,1,1,6,3,1,4,1,15,3,1,7,3,9,14,1,3,1,4,1,1,5,8,1,3,8,3,8,15,11,4,14,4,4,2,5,5,
+        1,7,1,6,14,7,7,8,5,15,4,8,6,5,6,2,1,13,1,20,15,11,9,2,5,6,2,11,2,6,2,5,1,5,8,4,13,19,25,4,1,1,11,1,34,2,5,9,14,6,2,2,6,1,1,14,1,3,14,13,1,6,
+        12,21,14,14,6,32,17,8,32,9,28,1,2,4,11,8,3,1,14,2,5,15,1,1,1,1,3,6,4,1,3,4,11,3,1,1,11,30,1,5,1,4,1,5,8,1,1,3,2,4,3,17,35,2,6,12,17,3,1,6,2,
+        1,1,12,2,7,3,3,2,1,16,2,8,3,6,5,4,7,3,3,8,1,9,8,5,1,2,1,3,2,8,1,2,9,12,1,1,2,3,8,3,24,12,4,3,7,5,8,3,3,3,3,3,3,1,23,10,3,1,2,2,6,3,1,16,1,16,
+        22,3,10,4,11,6,9,7,7,3,6,2,2,2,4,10,2,1,1,2,8,7,1,6,4,1,3,3,3,5,10,12,12,2,3,12,8,15,1,1,16,6,6,1,5,9,11,4,11,4,2,6,12,1,17,5,13,1,4,9,5,1,11,
+        2,1,8,1,5,7,28,8,3,5,10,2,17,3,38,22,1,2,18,12,10,4,38,18,1,4,44,19,4,1,8,4,1,12,1,4,31,12,1,14,7,75,7,5,10,6,6,13,3,2,11,11,3,2,5,28,15,6,18,
+        18,5,6,4,3,16,1,7,18,7,36,3,5,3,1,7,1,9,1,10,7,2,4,2,6,2,9,7,4,3,32,12,3,7,10,2,23,16,3,1,12,3,31,4,11,1,3,8,9,5,1,30,15,6,12,3,2,2,11,19,9,
+        14,2,6,2,3,19,13,17,5,3,3,25,3,14,1,1,1,36,1,3,2,19,3,13,36,9,13,31,6,4,16,34,2,5,4,2,3,3,5,1,1,1,4,3,1,17,3,2,3,5,3,1,3,2,3,5,6,3,12,11,1,3,
+        1,2,26,7,12,7,2,14,3,3,7,7,11,25,25,28,16,4,36,1,2,1,6,2,1,9,3,27,17,4,3,4,13,4,1,3,2,2,1,10,4,2,4,6,3,8,2,1,18,1,1,24,2,2,4,33,2,3,63,7,1,6,
+        40,7,3,4,4,2,4,15,18,1,16,1,1,11,2,41,14,1,3,18,13,3,2,4,16,2,17,7,15,24,7,18,13,44,2,2,3,6,1,1,7,5,1,7,1,4,3,3,5,10,8,2,3,1,8,1,1,27,4,2,1,
+        12,1,2,1,10,6,1,6,7,5,2,3,7,11,5,11,3,6,6,2,3,15,4,9,1,1,2,1,2,11,2,8,12,8,5,4,2,3,1,5,2,2,1,14,1,12,11,4,1,11,17,17,4,3,2,5,5,7,3,1,5,9,9,8,
+        2,5,6,6,13,13,2,1,2,6,1,2,2,49,4,9,1,2,10,16,7,8,4,3,2,23,4,58,3,29,1,14,19,19,11,11,2,7,5,1,3,4,6,2,18,5,12,12,17,17,3,3,2,4,1,6,2,3,4,3,1,
+        1,1,1,5,1,1,9,1,3,1,3,6,1,8,1,1,2,6,4,14,3,1,4,11,4,1,3,32,1,2,4,13,4,1,2,4,2,1,3,1,11,1,4,2,1,4,4,6,3,5,1,6,5,7,6,3,23,3,5,3,5,3,3,13,3,9,10,
+        1,12,10,2,3,18,13,7,160,52,4,2,2,3,2,14,5,4,12,4,6,4,1,20,4,11,6,2,12,27,1,4,1,2,2,7,4,5,2,28,3,7,25,8,3,19,3,6,10,2,2,1,10,2,5,4,1,3,4,1,5,
+        3,2,6,9,3,6,2,16,3,3,16,4,5,5,3,2,1,2,16,15,8,2,6,21,2,4,1,22,5,8,1,1,21,11,2,1,11,11,19,13,12,4,2,3,2,3,6,1,8,11,1,4,2,9,5,2,1,11,2,9,1,1,2,
+        14,31,9,3,4,21,14,4,8,1,7,2,2,2,5,1,4,20,3,3,4,10,1,11,9,8,2,1,4,5,14,12,14,2,17,9,6,31,4,14,1,20,13,26,5,2,7,3,6,13,2,4,2,19,6,2,2,18,9,3,5,
+        12,12,14,4,6,2,3,6,9,5,22,4,5,25,6,4,8,5,2,6,27,2,35,2,16,3,7,8,8,6,6,5,9,17,2,20,6,19,2,13,3,1,1,1,4,17,12,2,14,7,1,4,18,12,38,33,2,10,1,1,
+        2,13,14,17,11,50,6,33,20,26,74,16,23,45,50,13,38,33,6,6,7,4,4,2,1,3,2,5,8,7,8,9,3,11,21,9,13,1,3,10,6,7,1,2,2,18,5,5,1,9,9,2,68,9,19,13,2,5,
+        1,4,4,7,4,13,3,9,10,21,17,3,26,2,1,5,2,4,5,4,1,7,4,7,3,4,2,1,6,1,1,20,4,1,9,2,2,1,3,3,2,3,2,1,1,1,20,2,3,1,6,2,3,6,2,4,8,1,3,2,10,3,5,3,4,4,
+        3,4,16,1,6,1,10,2,4,2,1,1,2,10,11,2,2,3,1,24,31,4,10,10,2,5,12,16,164,15,4,16,7,9,15,19,17,1,2,1,1,5,1,1,1,1,1,3,1,4,3,1,3,1,3,1,2,1,1,3,3,7,
+        2,8,1,2,2,2,1,3,4,3,7,8,12,92,2,10,3,1,3,14,5,25,16,42,4,7,7,4,2,21,5,27,26,27,21,25,30,31,2,1,5,13,3,22,5,6,6,11,9,12,1,5,9,7,5,5,22,60,3,5,
+        13,1,1,8,1,1,3,3,2,1,9,3,3,18,4,1,2,3,7,6,3,1,2,3,9,1,3,1,3,2,1,3,1,1,1,2,1,11,3,1,6,9,1,3,2,3,1,2,1,5,1,1,4,3,4,1,2,2,4,4,1,7,2,1,2,2,3,5,13,
+        18,3,4,14,9,9,4,16,3,7,5,8,2,6,48,28,3,1,1,4,2,14,8,2,9,2,1,15,2,4,3,2,10,16,12,8,7,1,1,3,1,1,1,2,7,4,1,6,4,38,39,16,23,7,15,15,3,2,12,7,21,
+        37,27,6,5,4,8,2,10,8,8,6,5,1,2,1,3,24,1,16,17,9,23,10,17,6,1,51,55,44,13,294,9,3,6,2,4,2,2,15,1,1,1,13,21,17,68,14,8,9,4,1,4,9,3,11,7,1,1,1,
+        5,6,3,2,1,1,1,2,3,8,1,2,2,4,1,5,5,2,1,4,3,7,13,4,1,4,1,3,1,1,1,5,5,10,1,6,1,5,2,1,5,2,4,1,4,5,7,3,18,2,9,11,32,4,3,3,2,4,7,11,16,9,11,8,13,38,
+        32,8,4,2,1,1,2,1,2,4,4,1,1,1,4,1,21,3,11,1,16,1,1,6,1,3,2,4,9,8,57,7,44,1,3,3,13,3,10,1,1,7,5,2,7,21,47,63,3,15,4,7,1,16,1,1,2,8,2,3,42,15,4,
+        1,29,7,22,10,3,78,16,12,20,18,4,67,11,5,1,3,15,6,21,31,32,27,18,13,71,35,5,142,4,10,1,2,50,19,33,16,35,37,16,19,27,7,1,133,19,1,4,8,7,20,1,4,
+        4,1,10,3,1,6,1,2,51,5,40,15,24,43,22928,11,1,13,154,70,3,1,1,7,4,10,1,2,1,1,2,1,2,1,2,2,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,1,
+        3,2,1,1,1,1,2,1,1,
+    };
+    static ImWchar base_ranges[] = // not zero-terminated
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin + Latin Supplement
+        0x3000, 0x30FF, // CJK Symbols and Punctuations, Hiragana, Katakana
+        0x31F0, 0x31FF, // Katakana Phonetic Extensions
+        0xFF00, 0xFFEF, // Half-width characters
+        0xFFFD, 0xFFFD  // Invalid
+    };
+    static ImWchar full_ranges[IM_ARRAYSIZE(base_ranges) + IM_ARRAYSIZE(accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00)*2 + 1] = { 0 };
+    if (!full_ranges[0])
+    {
+        memcpy(full_ranges, base_ranges, sizeof(base_ranges));
+        UnpackAccumulativeOffsetsIntoRanges(0x4E00, accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00, IM_ARRAYSIZE(accumulative_offsets_from_0x4E00), full_ranges + IM_ARRAYSIZE(base_ranges));
+    }
+    return &full_ranges[0];
+}
+
+const ImWchar*  ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesCyrillic()
+{
+    static const ImWchar ranges[] =
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin + Latin Supplement
+        0x0400, 0x052F, // Cyrillic + Cyrillic Supplement
+        0x2DE0, 0x2DFF, // Cyrillic Extended-A
+        0xA640, 0xA69F, // Cyrillic Extended-B
+        0,
+    };
+    return &ranges[0];
+}
+
+const ImWchar*  ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesThai()
+{
+    static const ImWchar ranges[] =
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin
+        0x2010, 0x205E, // Punctuations
+        0x0E00, 0x0E7F, // Thai
+        0,
+    };
+    return &ranges[0];
+}
+
+const ImWchar*  ImFontAtlas::GetGlyphRangesVietnamese()
+{
+    static const ImWchar ranges[] =
+    {
+        0x0020, 0x00FF, // Basic Latin
+        0x0102, 0x0103,
+        0x0110, 0x0111,
+        0x0128, 0x0129,
+        0x0168, 0x0169,
+        0x01A0, 0x01A1,
+        0x01AF, 0x01B0,
+        0x1EA0, 0x1EF9,
+        0,
+    };
+    return &ranges[0];
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder::AddText(const char* text, const char* text_end)
+{
+    while (text_end ? (text < text_end) : *text)
+    {
+        unsigned int c = 0;
+        int c_len = ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, text, text_end);
+        text += c_len;
+        if (c_len == 0)
+            break;
+        AddChar((ImWchar)c);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder::AddRanges(const ImWchar* ranges)
+{
+    for (; ranges[0]; ranges += 2)
+        for (unsigned int c = ranges[0]; c <= ranges[1] && c <= IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX; c++) //-V560
+            AddChar((ImWchar)c);
+}
+
+void ImFontGlyphRangesBuilder::BuildRanges(ImVector<ImWchar>* out_ranges)
+{
+    const int max_codepoint = IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX;
+    for (int n = 0; n <= max_codepoint; n++)
+        if (GetBit(n))
+        {
+            out_ranges->push_back((ImWchar)n);
+            while (n < max_codepoint && GetBit(n + 1))
+                n++;
+            out_ranges->push_back((ImWchar)n);
+        }
+    out_ranges->push_back(0);
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImFont
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+ImFont::ImFont()
+{
+    FontSize = 0.0f;
+    FallbackAdvanceX = 0.0f;
+    FallbackChar = (ImWchar)-1;
+    EllipsisChar = (ImWchar)-1;
+    EllipsisWidth = EllipsisCharStep = 0.0f;
+    EllipsisCharCount = 0;
+    FallbackGlyph = NULL;
+    ContainerAtlas = NULL;
+    ConfigData = NULL;
+    ConfigDataCount = 0;
+    DirtyLookupTables = false;
+    Scale = 1.0f;
+    Ascent = Descent = 0.0f;
+    MetricsTotalSurface = 0;
+    memset(Used4kPagesMap, 0, sizeof(Used4kPagesMap));
+}
+
+ImFont::~ImFont()
+{
+    ClearOutputData();
+}
+
+void    ImFont::ClearOutputData()
+{
+    FontSize = 0.0f;
+    FallbackAdvanceX = 0.0f;
+    Glyphs.clear();
+    IndexAdvanceX.clear();
+    IndexLookup.clear();
+    FallbackGlyph = NULL;
+    ContainerAtlas = NULL;
+    DirtyLookupTables = true;
+    Ascent = Descent = 0.0f;
+    MetricsTotalSurface = 0;
+}
+
+static ImWchar FindFirstExistingGlyph(ImFont* font, const ImWchar* candidate_chars, int candidate_chars_count)
+{
+    for (int n = 0; n < candidate_chars_count; n++)
+        if (font->FindGlyphNoFallback(candidate_chars[n]) != NULL)
+            return candidate_chars[n];
+    return (ImWchar)-1;
+}
+
+void ImFont::BuildLookupTable()
+{
+    int max_codepoint = 0;
+    for (int i = 0; i != Glyphs.Size; i++)
+        max_codepoint = ImMax(max_codepoint, (int)Glyphs[i].Codepoint);
+
+    // Build lookup table
+    IM_ASSERT(Glyphs.Size < 0xFFFF); // -1 is reserved
+    IndexAdvanceX.clear();
+    IndexLookup.clear();
+    DirtyLookupTables = false;
+    memset(Used4kPagesMap, 0, sizeof(Used4kPagesMap));
+    GrowIndex(max_codepoint + 1);
+    for (int i = 0; i < Glyphs.Size; i++)
+    {
+        int codepoint = (int)Glyphs[i].Codepoint;
+        IndexAdvanceX[codepoint] = Glyphs[i].AdvanceX;
+        IndexLookup[codepoint] = (ImWchar)i;
+
+        // Mark 4K page as used
+        const int page_n = codepoint / 4096;
+        Used4kPagesMap[page_n >> 3] |= 1 << (page_n & 7);
+    }
+
+    // Create a glyph to handle TAB
+    // FIXME: Needs proper TAB handling but it needs to be contextualized (or we could arbitrary say that each string starts at "column 0" ?)
+    if (FindGlyph((ImWchar)' '))
+    {
+        if (Glyphs.back().Codepoint != '\t')   // So we can call this function multiple times (FIXME: Flaky)
+            Glyphs.resize(Glyphs.Size + 1);
+        ImFontGlyph& tab_glyph = Glyphs.back();
+        tab_glyph = *FindGlyph((ImWchar)' ');
+        tab_glyph.Codepoint = '\t';
+        tab_glyph.AdvanceX *= IM_TABSIZE;
+        IndexAdvanceX[(int)tab_glyph.Codepoint] = (float)tab_glyph.AdvanceX;
+        IndexLookup[(int)tab_glyph.Codepoint] = (ImWchar)(Glyphs.Size - 1);
+    }
+
+    // Mark special glyphs as not visible (note that AddGlyph already mark as non-visible glyphs with zero-size polygons)
+    SetGlyphVisible((ImWchar)' ', false);
+    SetGlyphVisible((ImWchar)'\t', false);
+
+    // Ellipsis character is required for rendering elided text. We prefer using U+2026 (horizontal ellipsis).
+    // However some old fonts may contain ellipsis at U+0085. Here we auto-detect most suitable ellipsis character.
+    // FIXME: Note that 0x2026 is rarely included in our font ranges. Because of this we are more likely to use three individual dots.
+    const ImWchar ellipsis_chars[] = { (ImWchar)0x2026, (ImWchar)0x0085 };
+    const ImWchar dots_chars[] = { (ImWchar)'.', (ImWchar)0xFF0E };
+    if (EllipsisChar == (ImWchar)-1)
+        EllipsisChar = FindFirstExistingGlyph(this, ellipsis_chars, IM_ARRAYSIZE(ellipsis_chars));
+    const ImWchar dot_char = FindFirstExistingGlyph(this, dots_chars, IM_ARRAYSIZE(dots_chars));
+    if (EllipsisChar != (ImWchar)-1)
+    {
+        EllipsisCharCount = 1;
+        EllipsisWidth = EllipsisCharStep = FindGlyph(EllipsisChar)->X1;
+    }
+    else if (dot_char != (ImWchar)-1)
+    {
+        const ImFontGlyph* glyph = FindGlyph(dot_char);
+        EllipsisChar = dot_char;
+        EllipsisCharCount = 3;
+        EllipsisCharStep = (glyph->X1 - glyph->X0) + 1.0f;
+        EllipsisWidth = EllipsisCharStep * 3.0f - 1.0f;
+    }
+
+    // Setup fallback character
+    const ImWchar fallback_chars[] = { (ImWchar)IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_INVALID, (ImWchar)'?', (ImWchar)' ' };
+    FallbackGlyph = FindGlyphNoFallback(FallbackChar);
+    if (FallbackGlyph == NULL)
+    {
+        FallbackChar = FindFirstExistingGlyph(this, fallback_chars, IM_ARRAYSIZE(fallback_chars));
+        FallbackGlyph = FindGlyphNoFallback(FallbackChar);
+        if (FallbackGlyph == NULL)
+        {
+            FallbackGlyph = &Glyphs.back();
+            FallbackChar = (ImWchar)FallbackGlyph->Codepoint;
+        }
+    }
+
+    FallbackAdvanceX = FallbackGlyph->AdvanceX;
+    for (int i = 0; i < max_codepoint + 1; i++)
+        if (IndexAdvanceX[i] < 0.0f)
+            IndexAdvanceX[i] = FallbackAdvanceX;
+}
+
+// API is designed this way to avoid exposing the 4K page size
+// e.g. use with IsGlyphRangeUnused(0, 255)
+bool ImFont::IsGlyphRangeUnused(unsigned int c_begin, unsigned int c_last)
+{
+    unsigned int page_begin = (c_begin / 4096);
+    unsigned int page_last = (c_last / 4096);
+    for (unsigned int page_n = page_begin; page_n <= page_last; page_n++)
+        if ((page_n >> 3) < sizeof(Used4kPagesMap))
+            if (Used4kPagesMap[page_n >> 3] & (1 << (page_n & 7)))
+                return false;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImFont::SetGlyphVisible(ImWchar c, bool visible)
+{
+    if (ImFontGlyph* glyph = (ImFontGlyph*)(void*)FindGlyph((ImWchar)c))
+        glyph->Visible = visible ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+void ImFont::GrowIndex(int new_size)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(IndexAdvanceX.Size == IndexLookup.Size);
+    if (new_size <= IndexLookup.Size)
+        return;
+    IndexAdvanceX.resize(new_size, -1.0f);
+    IndexLookup.resize(new_size, (ImWchar)-1);
+}
+
+// x0/y0/x1/y1 are offset from the character upper-left layout position, in pixels. Therefore x0/y0 are often fairly close to zero.
+// Not to be mistaken with texture coordinates, which are held by u0/v0/u1/v1 in normalized format (0.0..1.0 on each texture axis).
+// 'cfg' is not necessarily == 'this->ConfigData' because multiple source fonts+configs can be used to build one target font.
+void ImFont::AddGlyph(const ImFontConfig* cfg, ImWchar codepoint, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, float u0, float v0, float u1, float v1, float advance_x)
+{
+    if (cfg != NULL)
+    {
+        // Clamp & recenter if needed
+        const float advance_x_original = advance_x;
+        advance_x = ImClamp(advance_x, cfg->GlyphMinAdvanceX, cfg->GlyphMaxAdvanceX);
+        if (advance_x != advance_x_original)
+        {
+            float char_off_x = cfg->PixelSnapH ? ImFloor((advance_x - advance_x_original) * 0.5f) : (advance_x - advance_x_original) * 0.5f;
+            x0 += char_off_x;
+            x1 += char_off_x;
+        }
+
+        // Snap to pixel
+        if (cfg->PixelSnapH)
+            advance_x = IM_ROUND(advance_x);
+
+        // Bake spacing
+        advance_x += cfg->GlyphExtraSpacing.x;
+    }
+
+    Glyphs.resize(Glyphs.Size + 1);
+    ImFontGlyph& glyph = Glyphs.back();
+    glyph.Codepoint = (unsigned int)codepoint;
+    glyph.Visible = (x0 != x1) && (y0 != y1);
+    glyph.Colored = false;
+    glyph.X0 = x0;
+    glyph.Y0 = y0;
+    glyph.X1 = x1;
+    glyph.Y1 = y1;
+    glyph.U0 = u0;
+    glyph.V0 = v0;
+    glyph.U1 = u1;
+    glyph.V1 = v1;
+    glyph.AdvanceX = advance_x;
+
+    // Compute rough surface usage metrics (+1 to account for average padding, +0.99 to round)
+    // We use (U1-U0)*TexWidth instead of X1-X0 to account for oversampling.
+    float pad = ContainerAtlas->TexGlyphPadding + 0.99f;
+    DirtyLookupTables = true;
+    MetricsTotalSurface += (int)((glyph.U1 - glyph.U0) * ContainerAtlas->TexWidth + pad) * (int)((glyph.V1 - glyph.V0) * ContainerAtlas->TexHeight + pad);
+}
+
+void ImFont::AddRemapChar(ImWchar dst, ImWchar src, bool overwrite_dst)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(IndexLookup.Size > 0);    // Currently this can only be called AFTER the font has been built, aka after calling ImFontAtlas::GetTexDataAs*() function.
+    unsigned int index_size = (unsigned int)IndexLookup.Size;
+
+    if (dst < index_size && IndexLookup.Data[dst] == (ImWchar)-1 && !overwrite_dst) // 'dst' already exists
+        return;
+    if (src >= index_size && dst >= index_size) // both 'dst' and 'src' don't exist -> no-op
+        return;
+
+    GrowIndex(dst + 1);
+    IndexLookup[dst] = (src < index_size) ? IndexLookup.Data[src] : (ImWchar)-1;
+    IndexAdvanceX[dst] = (src < index_size) ? IndexAdvanceX.Data[src] : 1.0f;
+}
+
+const ImFontGlyph* ImFont::FindGlyph(ImWchar c) const
+{
+    if (c >= (size_t)IndexLookup.Size)
+        return FallbackGlyph;
+    const ImWchar i = IndexLookup.Data[c];
+    if (i == (ImWchar)-1)
+        return FallbackGlyph;
+    return &Glyphs.Data[i];
+}
+
+const ImFontGlyph* ImFont::FindGlyphNoFallback(ImWchar c) const
+{
+    if (c >= (size_t)IndexLookup.Size)
+        return NULL;
+    const ImWchar i = IndexLookup.Data[c];
+    if (i == (ImWchar)-1)
+        return NULL;
+    return &Glyphs.Data[i];
+}
+
+// Wrapping skips upcoming blanks
+static inline const char* CalcWordWrapNextLineStartA(const char* text, const char* text_end)
+{
+    while (text < text_end && ImCharIsBlankA(*text))
+        text++;
+    if (*text == '\n')
+        text++;
+    return text;
+}
+
+// Simple word-wrapping for English, not full-featured. Please submit failing cases!
+// This will return the next location to wrap from. If no wrapping if necessary, this will fast-forward to e.g. text_end.
+// FIXME: Much possible improvements (don't cut things like "word !", "word!!!" but cut within "word,,,,", more sensible support for punctuations, support for Unicode punctuations, etc.)
+const char* ImFont::CalcWordWrapPositionA(float scale, const char* text, const char* text_end, float wrap_width) const
+{
+    // For references, possible wrap point marked with ^
+    //  "aaa bbb, ccc,ddd. eee   fff. ggg!"
+    //      ^    ^    ^   ^   ^__    ^    ^
+
+    // List of hardcoded separators: .,;!?'"
+
+    // Skip extra blanks after a line returns (that includes not counting them in width computation)
+    // e.g. "Hello    world" --> "Hello" "World"
+
+    // Cut words that cannot possibly fit within one line.
+    // e.g.: "The tropical fish" with ~5 characters worth of width --> "The tr" "opical" "fish"
+    float line_width = 0.0f;
+    float word_width = 0.0f;
+    float blank_width = 0.0f;
+    wrap_width /= scale; // We work with unscaled widths to avoid scaling every characters
+
+    const char* word_end = text;
+    const char* prev_word_end = NULL;
+    bool inside_word = true;
+
+    const char* s = text;
+    IM_ASSERT(text_end != NULL);
+    while (s < text_end)
+    {
+        unsigned int c = (unsigned int)*s;
+        const char* next_s;
+        if (c < 0x80)
+            next_s = s + 1;
+        else
+            next_s = s + ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, s, text_end);
+
+        if (c < 32)
+        {
+            if (c == '\n')
+            {
+                line_width = word_width = blank_width = 0.0f;
+                inside_word = true;
+                s = next_s;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (c == '\r')
+            {
+                s = next_s;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const float char_width = ((int)c < IndexAdvanceX.Size ? IndexAdvanceX.Data[c] : FallbackAdvanceX);
+        if (ImCharIsBlankW(c))
+        {
+            if (inside_word)
+            {
+                line_width += blank_width;
+                blank_width = 0.0f;
+                word_end = s;
+            }
+            blank_width += char_width;
+            inside_word = false;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            word_width += char_width;
+            if (inside_word)
+            {
+                word_end = next_s;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                prev_word_end = word_end;
+                line_width += word_width + blank_width;
+                word_width = blank_width = 0.0f;
+            }
+
+            // Allow wrapping after punctuation.
+            inside_word = (c != '.' && c != ',' && c != ';' && c != '!' && c != '?' && c != '\"');
+        }
+
+        // We ignore blank width at the end of the line (they can be skipped)
+        if (line_width + word_width > wrap_width)
+        {
+            // Words that cannot possibly fit within an entire line will be cut anywhere.
+            if (word_width < wrap_width)
+                s = prev_word_end ? prev_word_end : word_end;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        s = next_s;
+    }
+
+    // Wrap_width is too small to fit anything. Force displaying 1 character to minimize the height discontinuity.
+    // +1 may not be a character start point in UTF-8 but it's ok because caller loops use (text >= word_wrap_eol).
+    if (s == text && text < text_end)
+        return s + 1;
+    return s;
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImFont::CalcTextSizeA(float size, float max_width, float wrap_width, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end, const char** remaining) const
+{
+    if (!text_end)
+        text_end = text_begin + strlen(text_begin); // FIXME-OPT: Need to avoid this.
+
+    const float line_height = size;
+    const float scale = size / FontSize;
+
+    ImVec2 text_size = ImVec2(0, 0);
+    float line_width = 0.0f;
+
+    const bool word_wrap_enabled = (wrap_width > 0.0f);
+    const char* word_wrap_eol = NULL;
+
+    const char* s = text_begin;
+    while (s < text_end)
+    {
+        if (word_wrap_enabled)
+        {
+            // Calculate how far we can render. Requires two passes on the string data but keeps the code simple and not intrusive for what's essentially an uncommon feature.
+            if (!word_wrap_eol)
+                word_wrap_eol = CalcWordWrapPositionA(scale, s, text_end, wrap_width - line_width);
+
+            if (s >= word_wrap_eol)
+            {
+                if (text_size.x < line_width)
+                    text_size.x = line_width;
+                text_size.y += line_height;
+                line_width = 0.0f;
+                word_wrap_eol = NULL;
+                s = CalcWordWrapNextLineStartA(s, text_end); // Wrapping skips upcoming blanks
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Decode and advance source
+        const char* prev_s = s;
+        unsigned int c = (unsigned int)*s;
+        if (c < 0x80)
+            s += 1;
+        else
+            s += ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, s, text_end);
+
+        if (c < 32)
+        {
+            if (c == '\n')
+            {
+                text_size.x = ImMax(text_size.x, line_width);
+                text_size.y += line_height;
+                line_width = 0.0f;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (c == '\r')
+                continue;
+        }
+
+        const float char_width = ((int)c < IndexAdvanceX.Size ? IndexAdvanceX.Data[c] : FallbackAdvanceX) * scale;
+        if (line_width + char_width >= max_width)
+        {
+            s = prev_s;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        line_width += char_width;
+    }
+
+    if (text_size.x < line_width)
+        text_size.x = line_width;
+
+    if (line_width > 0 || text_size.y == 0.0f)
+        text_size.y += line_height;
+
+    if (remaining)
+        *remaining = s;
+
+    return text_size;
+}
+
+// Note: as with every ImDrawList drawing function, this expects that the font atlas texture is bound.
+void ImFont::RenderChar(ImDrawList* draw_list, float size, const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, ImWchar c) const
+{
+    const ImFontGlyph* glyph = FindGlyph(c);
+    if (!glyph || !glyph->Visible)
+        return;
+    if (glyph->Colored)
+        col |= ~IM_COL32_A_MASK;
+    float scale = (size >= 0.0f) ? (size / FontSize) : 1.0f;
+    float x = IM_FLOOR(pos.x);
+    float y = IM_FLOOR(pos.y);
+    draw_list->PrimReserve(6, 4);
+    draw_list->PrimRectUV(ImVec2(x + glyph->X0 * scale, y + glyph->Y0 * scale), ImVec2(x + glyph->X1 * scale, y + glyph->Y1 * scale), ImVec2(glyph->U0, glyph->V0), ImVec2(glyph->U1, glyph->V1), col);
+}
+
+// Note: as with every ImDrawList drawing function, this expects that the font atlas texture is bound.
+void ImFont::RenderText(ImDrawList* draw_list, float size, const ImVec2& pos, ImU32 col, const ImVec4& clip_rect, const char* text_begin, const char* text_end, float wrap_width, bool cpu_fine_clip) const
+{
+    if (!text_end)
+        text_end = text_begin + strlen(text_begin); // ImGui:: functions generally already provides a valid text_end, so this is merely to handle direct calls.
+
+    // Align to be pixel perfect
+    float x = IM_FLOOR(pos.x);
+    float y = IM_FLOOR(pos.y);
+    if (y > clip_rect.w)
+        return;
+
+    const float start_x = x;
+    const float scale = size / FontSize;
+    const float line_height = FontSize * scale;
+    const bool word_wrap_enabled = (wrap_width > 0.0f);
+
+    // Fast-forward to first visible line
+    const char* s = text_begin;
+    if (y + line_height < clip_rect.y)
+        while (y + line_height < clip_rect.y && s < text_end)
+        {
+            const char* line_end = (const char*)memchr(s, '\n', text_end - s);
+            if (word_wrap_enabled)
+            {
+                // FIXME-OPT: This is not optimal as do first do a search for \n before calling CalcWordWrapPositionA().
+                // If the specs for CalcWordWrapPositionA() were reworked to optionally return on \n we could combine both.
+                // However it is still better than nothing performing the fast-forward!
+                s = CalcWordWrapPositionA(scale, s, line_end ? line_end : text_end, wrap_width);
+                s = CalcWordWrapNextLineStartA(s, text_end);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                s = line_end ? line_end + 1 : text_end;
+            }
+            y += line_height;
+        }
+
+    // For large text, scan for the last visible line in order to avoid over-reserving in the call to PrimReserve()
+    // Note that very large horizontal line will still be affected by the issue (e.g. a one megabyte string buffer without a newline will likely crash atm)
+    if (text_end - s > 10000 && !word_wrap_enabled)
+    {
+        const char* s_end = s;
+        float y_end = y;
+        while (y_end < clip_rect.w && s_end < text_end)
+        {
+            s_end = (const char*)memchr(s_end, '\n', text_end - s_end);
+            s_end = s_end ? s_end + 1 : text_end;
+            y_end += line_height;
+        }
+        text_end = s_end;
+    }
+    if (s == text_end)
+        return;
+
+    // Reserve vertices for remaining worse case (over-reserving is useful and easily amortized)
+    const int vtx_count_max = (int)(text_end - s) * 4;
+    const int idx_count_max = (int)(text_end - s) * 6;
+    const int idx_expected_size = draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size + idx_count_max;
+    draw_list->PrimReserve(idx_count_max, vtx_count_max);
+    ImDrawVert*  vtx_write = draw_list->_VtxWritePtr;
+    ImDrawIdx*   idx_write = draw_list->_IdxWritePtr;
+    unsigned int vtx_index = draw_list->_VtxCurrentIdx;
+
+    const ImU32 col_untinted = col | ~IM_COL32_A_MASK;
+    const char* word_wrap_eol = NULL;
+
+    while (s < text_end)
+    {
+        if (word_wrap_enabled)
+        {
+            // Calculate how far we can render. Requires two passes on the string data but keeps the code simple and not intrusive for what's essentially an uncommon feature.
+            if (!word_wrap_eol)
+                word_wrap_eol = CalcWordWrapPositionA(scale, s, text_end, wrap_width - (x - start_x));
+
+            if (s >= word_wrap_eol)
+            {
+                x = start_x;
+                y += line_height;
+                word_wrap_eol = NULL;
+                s = CalcWordWrapNextLineStartA(s, text_end); // Wrapping skips upcoming blanks
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Decode and advance source
+        unsigned int c = (unsigned int)*s;
+        if (c < 0x80)
+            s += 1;
+        else
+            s += ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, s, text_end);
+
+        if (c < 32)
+        {
+            if (c == '\n')
+            {
+                x = start_x;
+                y += line_height;
+                if (y > clip_rect.w)
+                    break; // break out of main loop
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (c == '\r')
+                continue;
+        }
+
+        const ImFontGlyph* glyph = FindGlyph((ImWchar)c);
+        if (glyph == NULL)
+            continue;
+
+        float char_width = glyph->AdvanceX * scale;
+        if (glyph->Visible)
+        {
+            // We don't do a second finer clipping test on the Y axis as we've already skipped anything before clip_rect.y and exit once we pass clip_rect.w
+            float x1 = x + glyph->X0 * scale;
+            float x2 = x + glyph->X1 * scale;
+            float y1 = y + glyph->Y0 * scale;
+            float y2 = y + glyph->Y1 * scale;
+            if (x1 <= clip_rect.z && x2 >= clip_rect.x)
+            {
+                // Render a character
+                float u1 = glyph->U0;
+                float v1 = glyph->V0;
+                float u2 = glyph->U1;
+                float v2 = glyph->V1;
+
+                // CPU side clipping used to fit text in their frame when the frame is too small. Only does clipping for axis aligned quads.
+                if (cpu_fine_clip)
+                {
+                    if (x1 < clip_rect.x)
+                    {
+                        u1 = u1 + (1.0f - (x2 - clip_rect.x) / (x2 - x1)) * (u2 - u1);
+                        x1 = clip_rect.x;
+                    }
+                    if (y1 < clip_rect.y)
+                    {
+                        v1 = v1 + (1.0f - (y2 - clip_rect.y) / (y2 - y1)) * (v2 - v1);
+                        y1 = clip_rect.y;
+                    }
+                    if (x2 > clip_rect.z)
+                    {
+                        u2 = u1 + ((clip_rect.z - x1) / (x2 - x1)) * (u2 - u1);
+                        x2 = clip_rect.z;
+                    }
+                    if (y2 > clip_rect.w)
+                    {
+                        v2 = v1 + ((clip_rect.w - y1) / (y2 - y1)) * (v2 - v1);
+                        y2 = clip_rect.w;
+                    }
+                    if (y1 >= y2)
+                    {
+                        x += char_width;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Support for untinted glyphs
+                ImU32 glyph_col = glyph->Colored ? col_untinted : col;
+
+                // We are NOT calling PrimRectUV() here because non-inlined causes too much overhead in a debug builds. Inlined here:
+                {
+                    vtx_write[0].pos.x = x1; vtx_write[0].pos.y = y1; vtx_write[0].col = glyph_col; vtx_write[0].uv.x = u1; vtx_write[0].uv.y = v1;
+                    vtx_write[1].pos.x = x2; vtx_write[1].pos.y = y1; vtx_write[1].col = glyph_col; vtx_write[1].uv.x = u2; vtx_write[1].uv.y = v1;
+                    vtx_write[2].pos.x = x2; vtx_write[2].pos.y = y2; vtx_write[2].col = glyph_col; vtx_write[2].uv.x = u2; vtx_write[2].uv.y = v2;
+                    vtx_write[3].pos.x = x1; vtx_write[3].pos.y = y2; vtx_write[3].col = glyph_col; vtx_write[3].uv.x = u1; vtx_write[3].uv.y = v2;
+                    idx_write[0] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_index); idx_write[1] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_index + 1); idx_write[2] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_index + 2);
+                    idx_write[3] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_index); idx_write[4] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_index + 2); idx_write[5] = (ImDrawIdx)(vtx_index + 3);
+                    vtx_write += 4;
+                    vtx_index += 4;
+                    idx_write += 6;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        x += char_width;
+    }
+
+    // Give back unused vertices (clipped ones, blanks) ~ this is essentially a PrimUnreserve() action.
+    draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size = (int)(vtx_write - draw_list->VtxBuffer.Data); // Same as calling shrink()
+    draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size = (int)(idx_write - draw_list->IdxBuffer.Data);
+    draw_list->CmdBuffer[draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size - 1].ElemCount -= (idx_expected_size - draw_list->IdxBuffer.Size);
+    draw_list->_VtxWritePtr = vtx_write;
+    draw_list->_IdxWritePtr = idx_write;
+    draw_list->_VtxCurrentIdx = vtx_index;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGui Internal Render Helpers
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Vaguely redesigned to stop accessing ImGui global state:
+// - RenderArrow()
+// - RenderBullet()
+// - RenderCheckMark()
+// - RenderArrowDockMenu()
+// - RenderArrowPointingAt()
+// - RenderRectFilledRangeH()
+// - RenderRectFilledWithHole()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Function in need of a redesign (legacy mess)
+// - RenderColorRectWithAlphaCheckerboard()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Render an arrow aimed to be aligned with text (p_min is a position in the same space text would be positioned). To e.g. denote expanded/collapsed state
+void ImGui::RenderArrow(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImU32 col, ImGuiDir dir, float scale)
+{
+    const float h = draw_list->_Data->FontSize * 1.00f;
+    float r = h * 0.40f * scale;
+    ImVec2 center = pos + ImVec2(h * 0.50f, h * 0.50f * scale);
+
+    ImVec2 a, b, c;
+    switch (dir)
+    {
+    case ImGuiDir_Up:
+    case ImGuiDir_Down:
+        if (dir == ImGuiDir_Up) r = -r;
+        a = ImVec2(+0.000f, +0.750f) * r;
+        b = ImVec2(-0.866f, -0.750f) * r;
+        c = ImVec2(+0.866f, -0.750f) * r;
+        break;
+    case ImGuiDir_Left:
+    case ImGuiDir_Right:
+        if (dir == ImGuiDir_Left) r = -r;
+        a = ImVec2(+0.750f, +0.000f) * r;
+        b = ImVec2(-0.750f, +0.866f) * r;
+        c = ImVec2(-0.750f, -0.866f) * r;
+        break;
+    case ImGuiDir_None:
+    case ImGuiDir_COUNT:
+        IM_ASSERT(0);
+        break;
+    }
+    draw_list->AddTriangleFilled(center + a, center + b, center + c, col);
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderBullet(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImU32 col)
+{
+    // FIXME-OPT: This should be baked in font.
+    draw_list->AddCircleFilled(pos, draw_list->_Data->FontSize * 0.20f, col, 8);
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderCheckMark(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImU32 col, float sz)
+{
+    float thickness = ImMax(sz / 5.0f, 1.0f);
+    sz -= thickness * 0.5f;
+    pos += ImVec2(thickness * 0.25f, thickness * 0.25f);
+
+    float third = sz / 3.0f;
+    float bx = pos.x + third;
+    float by = pos.y + sz - third * 0.5f;
+    draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(bx - third, by - third));
+    draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(bx, by));
+    draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(bx + third * 2.0f, by - third * 2.0f));
+    draw_list->PathStroke(col, 0, thickness);
+}
+
+// Render an arrow. 'pos' is position of the arrow tip. half_sz.x is length from base to tip. half_sz.y is length on each side.
+void ImGui::RenderArrowPointingAt(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImVec2 half_sz, ImGuiDir direction, ImU32 col)
+{
+    switch (direction)
+    {
+    case ImGuiDir_Left:  draw_list->AddTriangleFilled(ImVec2(pos.x + half_sz.x, pos.y - half_sz.y), ImVec2(pos.x + half_sz.x, pos.y + half_sz.y), pos, col); return;
+    case ImGuiDir_Right: draw_list->AddTriangleFilled(ImVec2(pos.x - half_sz.x, pos.y + half_sz.y), ImVec2(pos.x - half_sz.x, pos.y - half_sz.y), pos, col); return;
+    case ImGuiDir_Up:    draw_list->AddTriangleFilled(ImVec2(pos.x + half_sz.x, pos.y + half_sz.y), ImVec2(pos.x - half_sz.x, pos.y + half_sz.y), pos, col); return;
+    case ImGuiDir_Down:  draw_list->AddTriangleFilled(ImVec2(pos.x - half_sz.x, pos.y - half_sz.y), ImVec2(pos.x + half_sz.x, pos.y - half_sz.y), pos, col); return;
+    case ImGuiDir_None: case ImGuiDir_COUNT: break; // Fix warnings
+    }
+}
+
+// This is less wide than RenderArrow() and we use in dock nodes instead of the regular RenderArrow() to denote a change of functionality,
+// and because the saved space means that the left-most tab label can stay at exactly the same position as the label of a loose window.
+void ImGui::RenderArrowDockMenu(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 p_min, float sz, ImU32 col)
+{
+    draw_list->AddRectFilled(p_min + ImVec2(sz * 0.20f, sz * 0.15f), p_min + ImVec2(sz * 0.80f, sz * 0.30f), col);
+    RenderArrowPointingAt(draw_list, p_min + ImVec2(sz * 0.50f, sz * 0.85f), ImVec2(sz * 0.30f, sz * 0.40f), ImGuiDir_Down, col);
+}
+
+static inline float ImAcos01(float x)
+{
+    if (x <= 0.0f) return IM_PI * 0.5f;
+    if (x >= 1.0f) return 0.0f;
+    return ImAcos(x);
+    //return (-0.69813170079773212f * x * x - 0.87266462599716477f) * x + 1.5707963267948966f; // Cheap approximation, may be enough for what we do.
+}
+
+// FIXME: Cleanup and move code to ImDrawList.
+void ImGui::RenderRectFilledRangeH(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& rect, ImU32 col, float x_start_norm, float x_end_norm, float rounding)
+{
+    if (x_end_norm == x_start_norm)
+        return;
+    if (x_start_norm > x_end_norm)
+        ImSwap(x_start_norm, x_end_norm);
+
+    ImVec2 p0 = ImVec2(ImLerp(rect.Min.x, rect.Max.x, x_start_norm), rect.Min.y);
+    ImVec2 p1 = ImVec2(ImLerp(rect.Min.x, rect.Max.x, x_end_norm), rect.Max.y);
+    if (rounding == 0.0f)
+    {
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(p0, p1, col, 0.0f);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    rounding = ImClamp(ImMin((rect.Max.x - rect.Min.x) * 0.5f, (rect.Max.y - rect.Min.y) * 0.5f) - 1.0f, 0.0f, rounding);
+    const float inv_rounding = 1.0f / rounding;
+    const float arc0_b = ImAcos01(1.0f - (p0.x - rect.Min.x) * inv_rounding);
+    const float arc0_e = ImAcos01(1.0f - (p1.x - rect.Min.x) * inv_rounding);
+    const float half_pi = IM_PI * 0.5f; // We will == compare to this because we know this is the exact value ImAcos01 can return.
+    const float x0 = ImMax(p0.x, rect.Min.x + rounding);
+    if (arc0_b == arc0_e)
+    {
+        draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(x0, p1.y));
+        draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(x0, p0.y));
+    }
+    else if (arc0_b == 0.0f && arc0_e == half_pi)
+    {
+        draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(x0, p1.y - rounding), rounding, 3, 6); // BL
+        draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(x0, p0.y + rounding), rounding, 6, 9); // TR
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        draw_list->PathArcTo(ImVec2(x0, p1.y - rounding), rounding, IM_PI - arc0_e, IM_PI - arc0_b, 3); // BL
+        draw_list->PathArcTo(ImVec2(x0, p0.y + rounding), rounding, IM_PI + arc0_b, IM_PI + arc0_e, 3); // TR
+    }
+    if (p1.x > rect.Min.x + rounding)
+    {
+        const float arc1_b = ImAcos01(1.0f - (rect.Max.x - p1.x) * inv_rounding);
+        const float arc1_e = ImAcos01(1.0f - (rect.Max.x - p0.x) * inv_rounding);
+        const float x1 = ImMin(p1.x, rect.Max.x - rounding);
+        if (arc1_b == arc1_e)
+        {
+            draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(x1, p0.y));
+            draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(x1, p1.y));
+        }
+        else if (arc1_b == 0.0f && arc1_e == half_pi)
+        {
+            draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(x1, p0.y + rounding), rounding, 9, 12); // TR
+            draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(x1, p1.y - rounding), rounding, 0, 3);  // BR
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            draw_list->PathArcTo(ImVec2(x1, p0.y + rounding), rounding, -arc1_e, -arc1_b, 3); // TR
+            draw_list->PathArcTo(ImVec2(x1, p1.y - rounding), rounding, +arc1_b, +arc1_e, 3); // BR
+        }
+    }
+    draw_list->PathFillConvex(col);
+}
+
+void ImGui::RenderRectFilledWithHole(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& outer, const ImRect& inner, ImU32 col, float rounding)
+{
+    const bool fill_L = (inner.Min.x > outer.Min.x);
+    const bool fill_R = (inner.Max.x < outer.Max.x);
+    const bool fill_U = (inner.Min.y > outer.Min.y);
+    const bool fill_D = (inner.Max.y < outer.Max.y);
+    if (fill_L) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(outer.Min.x, inner.Min.y), ImVec2(inner.Min.x, inner.Max.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone | (fill_U ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft)    | (fill_D ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft));
+    if (fill_R) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(inner.Max.x, inner.Min.y), ImVec2(outer.Max.x, inner.Max.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone | (fill_U ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight)   | (fill_D ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight));
+    if (fill_U) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(inner.Min.x, outer.Min.y), ImVec2(inner.Max.x, inner.Min.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone | (fill_L ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft)    | (fill_R ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight));
+    if (fill_D) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(inner.Min.x, inner.Max.y), ImVec2(inner.Max.x, outer.Max.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone | (fill_L ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft) | (fill_R ? 0 : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight));
+    if (fill_L && fill_U) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(outer.Min.x, outer.Min.y), ImVec2(inner.Min.x, inner.Min.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft);
+    if (fill_R && fill_U) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(inner.Max.x, outer.Min.y), ImVec2(outer.Max.x, inner.Min.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight);
+    if (fill_L && fill_D) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(outer.Min.x, inner.Max.y), ImVec2(inner.Min.x, outer.Max.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft);
+    if (fill_R && fill_D) draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(inner.Max.x, inner.Max.y), ImVec2(outer.Max.x, outer.Max.y), col, rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight);
+}
+
+ImDrawFlags ImGui::CalcRoundingFlagsForRectInRect(const ImRect& r_in, const ImRect& r_outer, float threshold)
+{
+    bool round_l = r_in.Min.x <= r_outer.Min.x + threshold;
+    bool round_r = r_in.Max.x >= r_outer.Max.x - threshold;
+    bool round_t = r_in.Min.y <= r_outer.Min.y + threshold;
+    bool round_b = r_in.Max.y >= r_outer.Max.y - threshold;
+    return ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone
+        | ((round_t && round_l) ? ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft : 0) | ((round_t && round_r) ? ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight : 0)
+        | ((round_b && round_l) ? ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft : 0) | ((round_b && round_r) ? ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight : 0);
+}
+
+// Helper for ColorPicker4()
+// NB: This is rather brittle and will show artifact when rounding this enabled if rounded corners overlap multiple cells. Caller currently responsible for avoiding that.
+// Spent a non reasonable amount of time trying to getting this right for ColorButton with rounding+anti-aliasing+ImGuiColorEditFlags_HalfAlphaPreview flag + various grid sizes and offsets, and eventually gave up... probably more reasonable to disable rounding altogether.
+// FIXME: uses ImGui::GetColorU32
+void ImGui::RenderColorRectWithAlphaCheckerboard(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 p_min, ImVec2 p_max, ImU32 col, float grid_step, ImVec2 grid_off, float rounding, ImDrawFlags flags)
+{
+    if ((flags & ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersMask_) == 0)
+        flags = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersDefault_;
+    if (((col & IM_COL32_A_MASK) >> IM_COL32_A_SHIFT) < 0xFF)
+    {
+        ImU32 col_bg1 = GetColorU32(ImAlphaBlendColors(IM_COL32(204, 204, 204, 255), col));
+        ImU32 col_bg2 = GetColorU32(ImAlphaBlendColors(IM_COL32(128, 128, 128, 255), col));
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(p_min, p_max, col_bg1, rounding, flags);
+
+        int yi = 0;
+        for (float y = p_min.y + grid_off.y; y < p_max.y; y += grid_step, yi++)
+        {
+            float y1 = ImClamp(y, p_min.y, p_max.y), y2 = ImMin(y + grid_step, p_max.y);
+            if (y2 <= y1)
+                continue;
+            for (float x = p_min.x + grid_off.x + (yi & 1) * grid_step; x < p_max.x; x += grid_step * 2.0f)
+            {
+                float x1 = ImClamp(x, p_min.x, p_max.x), x2 = ImMin(x + grid_step, p_max.x);
+                if (x2 <= x1)
+                    continue;
+                ImDrawFlags cell_flags = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone;
+                if (y1 <= p_min.y) { if (x1 <= p_min.x) cell_flags |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopLeft; if (x2 >= p_max.x) cell_flags |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight; }
+                if (y2 >= p_max.y) { if (x1 <= p_min.x) cell_flags |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft; if (x2 >= p_max.x) cell_flags |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight; }
+
+                // Combine flags
+                cell_flags = (flags == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone || cell_flags == ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone) ? ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone : (cell_flags & flags);
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(x1, y1), ImVec2(x2, y2), col_bg2, rounding, cell_flags);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        draw_list->AddRectFilled(p_min, p_max, col, rounding, flags);
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Decompression code
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Compressed with stb_compress() then converted to a C array and encoded as base85.
+// Use the program in misc/fonts/binary_to_compressed_c.cpp to create the array from a TTF file.
+// The purpose of encoding as base85 instead of "0x00,0x01,..." style is only save on _source code_ size.
+// Decompression from stb.h (public domain) by Sean Barrett https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/stb.h
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static unsigned int stb_decompress_length(const unsigned char *input)
+{
+    return (input[8] << 24) + (input[9] << 16) + (input[10] << 8) + input[11];
+}
+
+static unsigned char *stb__barrier_out_e, *stb__barrier_out_b;
+static const unsigned char *stb__barrier_in_b;
+static unsigned char *stb__dout;
+static void stb__match(const unsigned char *data, unsigned int length)
+{
+    // INVERSE of memmove... write each byte before copying the next...
+    IM_ASSERT(stb__dout + length <= stb__barrier_out_e);
+    if (stb__dout + length > stb__barrier_out_e) { stb__dout += length; return; }
+    if (data < stb__barrier_out_b) { stb__dout = stb__barrier_out_e+1; return; }
+    while (length--) *stb__dout++ = *data++;
+}
+
+static void stb__lit(const unsigned char *data, unsigned int length)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(stb__dout + length <= stb__barrier_out_e);
+    if (stb__dout + length > stb__barrier_out_e) { stb__dout += length; return; }
+    if (data < stb__barrier_in_b) { stb__dout = stb__barrier_out_e+1; return; }
+    memcpy(stb__dout, data, length);
+    stb__dout += length;
+}
+
+#define stb__in2(x)   ((i[x] << 8) + i[(x)+1])
+#define stb__in3(x)   ((i[x] << 16) + stb__in2((x)+1))
+#define stb__in4(x)   ((i[x] << 24) + stb__in3((x)+1))
+
+static const unsigned char *stb_decompress_token(const unsigned char *i)
+{
+    if (*i >= 0x20) { // use fewer if's for cases that expand small
+        if (*i >= 0x80)       stb__match(stb__dout-i[1]-1, i[0] - 0x80 + 1), i += 2;
+        else if (*i >= 0x40)  stb__match(stb__dout-(stb__in2(0) - 0x4000 + 1), i[2]+1), i += 3;
+        else /* *i >= 0x20 */ stb__lit(i+1, i[0] - 0x20 + 1), i += 1 + (i[0] - 0x20 + 1);
+    } else { // more ifs for cases that expand large, since overhead is amortized
+        if (*i >= 0x18)       stb__match(stb__dout-(stb__in3(0) - 0x180000 + 1), i[3]+1), i += 4;
+        else if (*i >= 0x10)  stb__match(stb__dout-(stb__in3(0) - 0x100000 + 1), stb__in2(3)+1), i += 5;
+        else if (*i >= 0x08)  stb__lit(i+2, stb__in2(0) - 0x0800 + 1), i += 2 + (stb__in2(0) - 0x0800 + 1);
+        else if (*i == 0x07)  stb__lit(i+3, stb__in2(1) + 1), i += 3 + (stb__in2(1) + 1);
+        else if (*i == 0x06)  stb__match(stb__dout-(stb__in3(1)+1), i[4]+1), i += 5;
+        else if (*i == 0x04)  stb__match(stb__dout-(stb__in3(1)+1), stb__in2(4)+1), i += 6;
+    }
+    return i;
+}
+
+static unsigned int stb_adler32(unsigned int adler32, unsigned char *buffer, unsigned int buflen)
+{
+    const unsigned long ADLER_MOD = 65521;
+    unsigned long s1 = adler32 & 0xffff, s2 = adler32 >> 16;
+    unsigned long blocklen = buflen % 5552;
+
+    unsigned long i;
+    while (buflen) {
+        for (i=0; i + 7 < blocklen; i += 8) {
+            s1 += buffer[0], s2 += s1;
+            s1 += buffer[1], s2 += s1;
+            s1 += buffer[2], s2 += s1;
+            s1 += buffer[3], s2 += s1;
+            s1 += buffer[4], s2 += s1;
+            s1 += buffer[5], s2 += s1;
+            s1 += buffer[6], s2 += s1;
+            s1 += buffer[7], s2 += s1;
+
+            buffer += 8;
+        }
+
+        for (; i < blocklen; ++i)
+            s1 += *buffer++, s2 += s1;
+
+        s1 %= ADLER_MOD, s2 %= ADLER_MOD;
+        buflen -= blocklen;
+        blocklen = 5552;
+    }
+    return (unsigned int)(s2 << 16) + (unsigned int)s1;
+}
+
+static unsigned int stb_decompress(unsigned char *output, const unsigned char *i, unsigned int /*length*/)
+{
+    if (stb__in4(0) != 0x57bC0000) return 0;
+    if (stb__in4(4) != 0)          return 0; // error! stream is > 4GB
+    const unsigned int olen = stb_decompress_length(i);
+    stb__barrier_in_b = i;
+    stb__barrier_out_e = output + olen;
+    stb__barrier_out_b = output;
+    i += 16;
+
+    stb__dout = output;
+    for (;;) {
+        const unsigned char *old_i = i;
+        i = stb_decompress_token(i);
+        if (i == old_i) {
+            if (*i == 0x05 && i[1] == 0xfa) {
+                IM_ASSERT(stb__dout == output + olen);
+                if (stb__dout != output + olen) return 0;
+                if (stb_adler32(1, output, olen) != (unsigned int) stb__in4(2))
+                    return 0;
+                return olen;
+            } else {
+                IM_ASSERT(0); /* NOTREACHED */
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        IM_ASSERT(stb__dout <= output + olen);
+        if (stb__dout > output + olen)
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Default font data (ProggyClean.ttf)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ProggyClean.ttf
+// Copyright (c) 2004, 2005 Tristan Grimmer
+// MIT license (see License.txt in http://www.upperbounds.net/download/ProggyClean.ttf.zip)
+// Download and more information at http://upperbounds.net
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// File: 'ProggyClean.ttf' (41208 bytes)
+// Exported using misc/fonts/binary_to_compressed_c.cpp (with compression + base85 string encoding).
+// The purpose of encoding as base85 instead of "0x00,0x01,..." style is only save on _source code_ size.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static const char proggy_clean_ttf_compressed_data_base85[11980 + 1] =
+    "7])#######hV0qs'/###[),##/l:$#Q6>##5[n42>c-TH`->>#/e>11NNV=Bv(*:.F?uu#(gRU.o0XGH`$vhLG1hxt9?W`#,5LsCp#-i>.r$<$6pD>Lb';9Crc6tgXmKVeU2cD4Eo3R/"
+    "2*>]b(MC;$jPfY.;h^`IWM9<Lh2TlS+f-s$o6Q<BWH`YiU.xfLq$N;$0iR/GX:U(jcW2p/W*q?-qmnUCI;jHSAiFWM.R*kU@C=GH?a9wp8f$e.-4^Qg1)Q-GL(lf(r/7GrRgwV%MS=C#"
+    "`8ND>Qo#t'X#(v#Y9w0#1D$CIf;W'#pWUPXOuxXuU(H9M(1<q-UE31#^-V'8IRUo7Qf./L>=Ke$$'5F%)]0^#0X@U.a<r:QLtFsLcL6##lOj)#.Y5<-R&KgLwqJfLgN&;Q?gI^#DY2uL"
+    "i@^rMl9t=cWq6##weg>$FBjVQTSDgEKnIS7EM9>ZY9w0#L;>>#Mx&4Mvt//L[MkA#W@lK.N'[0#7RL_&#w+F%HtG9M#XL`N&.,GM4Pg;-<nLENhvx>-VsM.M0rJfLH2eTM`*oJMHRC`N"
+    "kfimM2J,W-jXS:)r0wK#@Fge$U>`w'N7G#$#fB#$E^$#:9:hk+eOe--6x)F7*E%?76%^GMHePW-Z5l'&GiF#$956:rS?dA#fiK:)Yr+`&#0j@'DbG&#^$PG.Ll+DNa<XCMKEV*N)LN/N"
+    "*b=%Q6pia-Xg8I$<MR&,VdJe$<(7G;Ckl'&hF;;$<_=X(b.RS%%)###MPBuuE1V:v&cX&#2m#(&cV]`k9OhLMbn%s$G2,B$BfD3X*sp5#l,$R#]x_X1xKX%b5U*[r5iMfUo9U`N99hG)"
+    "tm+/Us9pG)XPu`<0s-)WTt(gCRxIg(%6sfh=ktMKn3j)<6<b5Sk_/0(^]AaN#(p/L>&VZ>1i%h1S9u5o@YaaW$e+b<TWFn/Z:Oh(Cx2$lNEoN^e)#CFY@@I;BOQ*sRwZtZxRcU7uW6CX"
+    "ow0i(?$Q[cjOd[P4d)]>ROPOpxTO7Stwi1::iB1q)C_=dV26J;2,]7op$]uQr@_V7$q^%lQwtuHY]=DX,n3L#0PHDO4f9>dC@O>HBuKPpP*E,N+b3L#lpR/MrTEH.IAQk.a>D[.e;mc."
+    "x]Ip.PH^'/aqUO/$1WxLoW0[iLA<QT;5HKD+@qQ'NQ(3_PLhE48R.qAPSwQ0/WK?Z,[x?-J;jQTWA0X@KJ(_Y8N-:/M74:/-ZpKrUss?d#dZq]DAbkU*JqkL+nwX@@47`5>w=4h(9.`G"
+    "CRUxHPeR`5Mjol(dUWxZa(>STrPkrJiWx`5U7F#.g*jrohGg`cg:lSTvEY/EV_7H4Q9[Z%cnv;JQYZ5q.l7Zeas:HOIZOB?G<Nald$qs]@]L<J7bR*>gv:[7MI2k).'2($5FNP&EQ(,)"
+    "U]W]+fh18.vsai00);D3@4ku5P?DP8aJt+;qUM]=+b'8@;mViBKx0DE[-auGl8:PJ&Dj+M6OC]O^((##]`0i)drT;-7X`=-H3[igUnPG-NZlo.#k@h#=Ork$m>a>$-?Tm$UV(?#P6YY#"
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+    "d<F&#*;G##.GY##2Sl##6`($#:l:$#>xL$#B.`$#F:r$#JF.%#NR@%#R_R%#Vke%#Zww%#_-4&#3^Rh%Sflr-k'MS.o?.5/sWel/wpEM0%3'/1)K^f1-d>G21&v(35>V`39V7A4=onx4"
+    "A1OY5EI0;6Ibgr6M$HS7Q<)58C5w,;WoA*#[%T*#`1g*#d=#+#hI5+#lUG+#pbY+#tnl+#x$),#&1;,#*=M,#.I`,#2Ur,#6b.-#;w[H#iQtA#m^0B#qjBB#uvTB##-hB#'9$C#+E6C#"
+    "/QHC#3^ZC#7jmC#;v)D#?,<D#C8ND#GDaD#KPsD#O]/E#g1A5#KA*1#gC17#MGd;#8(02#L-d3#rWM4#Hga1#,<w0#T.j<#O#'2#CYN1#qa^:#_4m3#o@/=#eG8=#t8J5#`+78#4uI-#"
+    "m3B2#SB[8#Q0@8#i[*9#iOn8#1Nm;#^sN9#qh<9#:=x-#P;K2#$%X9#bC+.#Rg;<#mN=.#MTF.#RZO.#2?)4#Y#(/#[)1/#b;L/#dAU/#0Sv;#lY$0#n`-0#sf60#(F24#wrH0#%/e0#"
+    "TmD<#%JSMFove:CTBEXI:<eh2g)B,3h2^G3i;#d3jD>)4kMYD4lVu`4m`:&5niUA5@(A5BA1]PBB:xlBCC=2CDLXMCEUtiCf&0g2'tN?PGT4CPGT4CPGT4CPGT4CPGT4CPGT4CPGT4CP"
+    "GT4CPGT4CPGT4CPGT4CPGT4CPGT4CP-qekC`.9kEg^+F$kwViFJTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5KTB&5o,^<-28ZI'O?;xp"
+    "O?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xpO?;xp;7q-#lLYI:xvD=#";
+
+static const char* GetDefaultCompressedFontDataTTFBase85()
+{
+    return proggy_clean_ttf_compressed_data_base85;
+}
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_filebrowser.h b/external/imgui/imgui_filebrowser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f52538
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_filebrowser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,983 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_VERSION
+#   error "include imgui.h before this header"
+#endif
+
+using ImGuiFileBrowserFlags = int;
+
+enum ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory   = 1 << 0, // select directory instead of regular file
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_EnterNewFilename  = 1 << 1, // allow user to enter new filename when selecting regular file
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoModal           = 1 << 2, // file browsing window is modal by default. specify this to use a popup window
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoTitleBar        = 1 << 3, // hide window title bar
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoStatusBar       = 1 << 4, // hide status bar at the bottom of browsing window
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_CloseOnEsc        = 1 << 5, // close file browser when pressing 'ESC'
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_CreateNewDir      = 1 << 6, // allow user to create new directory
+    ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_MultipleSelection = 1 << 7, // allow user to select multiple files. this will hide ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_EnterNewFilename
+};
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    class FileBrowser
+    {
+    public:
+
+        // pwd is set to current working directory by default
+        explicit FileBrowser(ImGuiFileBrowserFlags flags = 0);
+
+        FileBrowser(const FileBrowser &copyFrom);
+
+        FileBrowser &operator=(const FileBrowser &copyFrom);
+
+        // set the window position (in pixels)
+        // default is centered
+        void SetWindowPos(int posx, int posy) noexcept;
+
+        // set the window size (in pixels)
+        // default is (700, 450)
+        void SetWindowSize(int width, int height) noexcept;
+
+        // set the window title text
+        void SetTitle(std::string title);
+
+        // open the browsing window
+        void Open();
+
+        // close the browsing window
+        void Close();
+
+        // the browsing window is opened or not
+        bool IsOpened() const noexcept;
+
+        // display the browsing window if opened
+        void Display();
+
+        // returns true when there is a selected filename and the "ok" button was clicked
+        bool HasSelected() const noexcept;
+
+        // set current browsing directory
+        bool SetPwd(const std::filesystem::path &pwd =
+                                    std::filesystem::current_path());
+
+        // get current browsing directory
+        const std::filesystem::path &GetPwd() const noexcept;
+
+        // returns selected filename. make sense only when HasSelected returns true
+        // when ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_MultipleSelection is enabled, only one of
+        // selected filename will be returned
+        std::filesystem::path GetSelected() const;
+
+        // returns all selected filenames.
+        // when ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_MultipleSelection is enabled, use this
+        // instead of GetSelected
+        std::vector<std::filesystem::path> GetMultiSelected() const;
+
+        // set selected filename to empty
+        void ClearSelected();
+
+        // (optional) set file type filters. eg. { ".h", ".cpp", ".hpp" }
+        // ".*" matches any file types
+        void SetTypeFilters(const std::vector<std::string> &typeFilters);
+
+        // set currently applied type filter
+        // default value is 0 (the first type filter)
+        void SetCurrentTypeFilterIndex(int index);
+
+        // when ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_EnterNewFilename is set
+        // this function will pre-fill the input dialog with a filename.
+        void SetInputName(std::string_view input);
+
+    private:
+
+        template <class Functor>
+        struct ScopeGuard
+        {
+            ScopeGuard(Functor&& t) : func(std::move(t)) { }
+
+            ~ScopeGuard() { func(); }
+
+        private:
+
+            Functor func;
+        };
+
+        struct FileRecord
+        {
+            bool                  isDir = false;
+            std::filesystem::path name;
+            std::string           showName;
+            std::filesystem::path extension;
+        };
+
+        static std::string ToLower(const std::string &s);
+
+        void UpdateFileRecords();
+
+        void SetPwdUncatched(const std::filesystem::path &pwd);
+
+        bool IsExtensionMatched(const std::filesystem::path &extension) const;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        static std::uint32_t GetDrivesBitMask();
+#endif
+
+        // for c++17 compatibility
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_char8_t)
+        static std::string u8StrToStr(std::u8string s);
+#endif
+        static std::string u8StrToStr(std::string s);
+
+        int width_;
+        int height_;
+        int posX_;
+        int posY_;
+        ImGuiFileBrowserFlags flags_;
+
+        std::string title_;
+        std::string openLabel_;
+
+        bool openFlag_;
+        bool closeFlag_;
+        bool isOpened_;
+        bool ok_;
+        bool posIsSet_;
+
+        std::string statusStr_;
+
+        std::vector<std::string> typeFilters_;
+        unsigned int typeFilterIndex_;
+        bool hasAllFilter_;
+
+        std::filesystem::path pwd_;
+        std::set<std::filesystem::path> selectedFilenames_;
+
+        std::vector<FileRecord> fileRecords_;
+
+        // IMPROVE: truncate when selectedFilename_.length() > inputNameBuf_.size() - 1
+        static constexpr size_t INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE = 512;
+        std::unique_ptr<std::array<char, INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE>> inputNameBuf_;
+
+        std::string openNewDirLabel_;
+        std::unique_ptr<std::array<char, INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE>> newDirNameBuf_;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        uint32_t drives_;
+#endif
+    };
+} // namespace ImGui
+
+inline ImGui::FileBrowser::FileBrowser(ImGuiFileBrowserFlags flags)
+    : width_(700), height_(450), posX_(0), posY_(0), flags_(flags),
+      openFlag_(false), closeFlag_(false), isOpened_(false), ok_(false), posIsSet_(false),
+      inputNameBuf_(std::make_unique<std::array<char, INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE>>())
+{
+    if(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_CreateNewDir)
+    {
+        newDirNameBuf_ =
+            std::make_unique<std::array<char, INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE>>();
+    }
+
+    inputNameBuf_->front() = '\0';
+    inputNameBuf_->back() = '\0';
+    SetTitle("file browser");
+    SetPwd(std::filesystem::current_path());
+
+    typeFilters_.clear();
+    typeFilterIndex_ = 0;
+    hasAllFilter_ = false;
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    drives_ = GetDrivesBitMask();
+#endif
+}
+
+inline ImGui::FileBrowser::FileBrowser(const FileBrowser &copyFrom)
+    : FileBrowser()
+{
+    *this = copyFrom;
+}
+
+inline ImGui::FileBrowser &ImGui::FileBrowser::operator=(
+    const FileBrowser &copyFrom)
+{
+    width_  = copyFrom.width_;
+    height_ = copyFrom.height_;
+
+    posX_ = copyFrom.posX_;
+    posY_ = copyFrom.posY_;
+
+    flags_ = copyFrom.flags_;
+    SetTitle(copyFrom.title_);
+
+    openFlag_  = copyFrom.openFlag_;
+    closeFlag_ = copyFrom.closeFlag_;
+    isOpened_  = copyFrom.isOpened_;
+    ok_        = copyFrom.ok_;
+    posIsSet_  = copyFrom.posIsSet_;
+
+    statusStr_ = "";
+
+    typeFilters_     = copyFrom.typeFilters_;
+    typeFilterIndex_ = copyFrom.typeFilterIndex_;
+    hasAllFilter_    = copyFrom.hasAllFilter_;
+
+    pwd_               = copyFrom.pwd_;
+    selectedFilenames_ = copyFrom.selectedFilenames_;
+
+    fileRecords_ = copyFrom.fileRecords_;
+
+    *inputNameBuf_ = *copyFrom.inputNameBuf_;
+
+    openNewDirLabel_ = copyFrom.openNewDirLabel_;
+    if(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_CreateNewDir)
+    {
+        newDirNameBuf_ = std::make_unique<
+            std::array<char, INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE>>();
+        *newDirNameBuf_ = *copyFrom.newDirNameBuf_;
+    }
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    drives_ = copyFrom.drives_;
+#endif
+
+    return *this;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetWindowPos(int posx, int posy) noexcept
+{
+    posX_ = posx;
+    posY_ = posy;
+    posIsSet_ = true;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetWindowSize(int width, int height) noexcept
+{
+    assert(width > 0 && height > 0);
+    width_  = width;
+    height_ = height;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetTitle(std::string title)
+{
+    title_ = std::move(title);
+    openLabel_ = title_ + "##filebrowser_" +
+                 std::to_string(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(this));
+    openNewDirLabel_ = "new dir##new_dir_" +
+                       std::to_string(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(this));
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::Open()
+{
+    ClearSelected();
+    UpdateFileRecords();
+    statusStr_ = std::string();
+    openFlag_ = true;
+    closeFlag_ = false;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::Close()
+{
+    ClearSelected();
+    statusStr_ = std::string();
+    closeFlag_ = true;
+    openFlag_ = false;
+}
+
+inline bool ImGui::FileBrowser::IsOpened() const noexcept
+{
+    return isOpened_;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::Display()
+{
+    PushID(this);
+    ScopeGuard exitThis([this]
+    {
+        openFlag_ = false;
+        closeFlag_ = false;
+        PopID();
+    });
+
+    if(openFlag_)
+    {
+        OpenPopup(openLabel_.c_str());
+    }
+    isOpened_ = false;
+
+    // open the popup window
+
+    if(openFlag_ && (flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoModal))
+    {
+        if (posIsSet_)
+            SetNextWindowPos(
+                    ImVec2(static_cast<float>(posX_), static_cast<float>(posY_)));
+        SetNextWindowSize(
+            ImVec2(static_cast<float>(width_), static_cast<float>(height_)));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (posIsSet_)
+            SetNextWindowPos(
+                    ImVec2(static_cast<float>(posX_), static_cast<float>(posY_)),
+                    ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+        SetNextWindowSize(
+            ImVec2(static_cast<float>(width_), static_cast<float>(height_)),
+            ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+    }
+    if(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoModal)
+    {
+        if(!BeginPopup(openLabel_.c_str()))
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+    else if(!BeginPopupModal(openLabel_.c_str(), nullptr,
+                             flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoTitleBar ?
+                                ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar : 0))
+    {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    isOpened_ = true;
+    ScopeGuard endPopup([] { EndPopup(); });
+
+    // display elements in pwd
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    char currentDrive = static_cast<char>(pwd_.c_str()[0]);
+    char driveStr[] = { currentDrive, ':', '\0' };
+
+    PushItemWidth(4 * GetFontSize());
+    if(BeginCombo("##select_drive", driveStr))
+    {
+        ScopeGuard guard([&] { EndCombo(); });
+
+        for(int i = 0; i < 26; ++i)
+        {
+            if(!(drives_ & (1 << i)))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            char driveCh = static_cast<char>('A' + i);
+            char selectableStr[] = { driveCh, ':', '\0' };
+            bool selected = currentDrive == driveCh;
+
+            if(Selectable(selectableStr, selected) && !selected)
+            {
+                char newPwd[] = { driveCh, ':', '\\', '\0' };
+                SetPwd(newPwd);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    PopItemWidth();
+
+    SameLine();
+#endif
+
+    int secIdx = 0, newPwdLastSecIdx = -1;
+    for(const auto &sec : pwd_)
+    {
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        if(secIdx == 1)
+        {
+            ++secIdx;
+            continue;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        PushID(secIdx);
+        if(secIdx > 0)
+        {
+            SameLine();
+        }
+        if(SmallButton(u8StrToStr(sec.u8string()).c_str()))
+        {
+            newPwdLastSecIdx = secIdx;
+        }
+        PopID();
+
+        ++secIdx;
+    }
+
+    if(newPwdLastSecIdx >= 0)
+    {
+        int i = 0;
+        std::filesystem::path newPwd;
+        for(const auto &sec : pwd_)
+        {
+            if(i++ > newPwdLastSecIdx)
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+            newPwd /= sec;
+        }
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+        if(newPwdLastSecIdx == 0)
+        {
+            newPwd /= "\\";
+        }
+#endif
+
+        SetPwd(newPwd);
+    }
+
+    SameLine();
+
+    if(SmallButton("*"))
+    {
+        UpdateFileRecords();
+
+        std::set<std::filesystem::path> newSelectedFilenames;
+        for(auto &name : selectedFilenames_)
+        {
+            auto it = std::find_if(
+                fileRecords_.begin(), fileRecords_.end(),
+                [&](const FileRecord &record)
+            {
+                return name == record.name;
+            });
+
+            if(it != fileRecords_.end())
+            {
+                newSelectedFilenames.insert(name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(inputNameBuf_ && (*inputNameBuf_)[0])
+        {
+            newSelectedFilenames.insert(inputNameBuf_->data());
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(newDirNameBuf_)
+    {
+        SameLine();
+        if(SmallButton("+"))
+        {
+            OpenPopup(openNewDirLabel_.c_str());
+            (*newDirNameBuf_)[0] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        if(BeginPopup(openNewDirLabel_.c_str()))
+        {
+            ScopeGuard endNewDirPopup([] { EndPopup(); });
+
+            InputText("name", newDirNameBuf_->data(), newDirNameBuf_->size());
+            SameLine();
+
+            if(Button("ok") && (*newDirNameBuf_)[0] != '\0')
+            {
+                ScopeGuard closeNewDirPopup([] { CloseCurrentPopup(); });
+                if(create_directory(pwd_ / newDirNameBuf_->data()))
+                {
+                    UpdateFileRecords();
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    statusStr_ = "failed to create " +
+                                 std::string(newDirNameBuf_->data());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // browse files in a child window
+
+    float reserveHeight = GetFrameHeightWithSpacing();
+    std::filesystem::path newPwd; bool setNewPwd = false;
+    if(!(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory) &&
+       (flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_EnterNewFilename))
+        reserveHeight += GetFrameHeightWithSpacing();
+    {
+        BeginChild("ch", ImVec2(0, -reserveHeight), true,
+            (flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoModal) ?
+                ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysHorizontalScrollbar : 0);
+        ScopeGuard endChild([] { EndChild(); });
+
+        for(auto &rsc : fileRecords_)
+        {
+            if(!rsc.isDir && !IsExtensionMatched(rsc.extension))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if(!rsc.name.empty() && rsc.name.c_str()[0] == '$')
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            bool selected = selectedFilenames_.find(rsc.name)
+                         != selectedFilenames_.end();
+
+            if(Selectable(rsc.showName.c_str(), selected,
+                          ImGuiSelectableFlags_DontClosePopups))
+            {
+                const bool multiSelect =
+                    (flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_MultipleSelection) &&
+                    IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootAndChildWindows) &&
+                    (GetIO().KeyCtrl || GetIO().KeyShift);
+
+                if(selected)
+                {
+                    if(!multiSelect)
+                    {
+                        selectedFilenames_.clear();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        selectedFilenames_.erase(rsc.name);
+                    }
+
+                    (*inputNameBuf_)[0] = '\0';
+                }
+                else if(rsc.name != "..")
+                {
+                    if((rsc.isDir && (flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory)) ||
+                       (!rsc.isDir && !(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory)))
+                    {
+                        if(multiSelect)
+                        {
+                            selectedFilenames_.insert(rsc.name);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            selectedFilenames_ = { rsc.name };
+                        }
+
+                        if(!(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory))
+                        {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+                            strcpy_s(
+                                inputNameBuf_->data(), inputNameBuf_->size(),
+                                u8StrToStr(rsc.name.u8string()).c_str());
+#else
+                            std::strncpy(inputNameBuf_->data(),
+                                         u8StrToStr(rsc.name.u8string()).c_str(),
+                                         inputNameBuf_->size() - 1);
+#endif
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if(!multiSelect)
+                    {
+                        selectedFilenames_.clear();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if(IsItemClicked(0) && IsMouseDoubleClicked(0))
+            {
+                if(rsc.isDir)
+                {
+                    setNewPwd = true;
+                    newPwd = (rsc.name != "..") ? (pwd_ / rsc.name) :
+                                                   pwd_.parent_path();
+                }
+                else if(!(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory))
+                {
+                    selectedFilenames_ = { rsc.name };
+                    ok_ = true;
+                    CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if(setNewPwd)
+    {
+        SetPwd(newPwd);
+    }
+
+    if(!(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory) &&
+       (flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_EnterNewFilename))
+    {
+        PushID(this);
+        ScopeGuard popTextID([] { PopID(); });
+
+        PushItemWidth(-1);
+        if(InputText("", inputNameBuf_->data(), inputNameBuf_->size()) &&
+           inputNameBuf_->at(0) != '\0')
+        {
+            selectedFilenames_ = { inputNameBuf_->data() };
+        }
+        PopItemWidth();
+    }
+
+    if(!(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_SelectDirectory))
+    {
+        if(Button(" ok ") && !selectedFilenames_.empty())
+        {
+            ok_ = true;
+            CloseCurrentPopup();
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if(Button(" ok "))
+        {
+            ok_ = true;
+            CloseCurrentPopup();
+        }
+    }
+
+    SameLine();
+
+    bool shouldExit =
+        Button("cancel") || closeFlag_ ||
+        ((flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_CloseOnEsc) &&
+        IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_RootAndChildWindows) &&
+        IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Escape));
+    if(shouldExit)
+    {
+        CloseCurrentPopup();
+    }
+
+    if(!statusStr_.empty() && !(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_NoStatusBar))
+    {
+        SameLine();
+        Text("%s", statusStr_.c_str());
+    }
+
+    if(!typeFilters_.empty())
+    {
+        SameLine();
+        PushItemWidth(8 * GetFontSize());
+        if(BeginCombo(
+            "##type_filters", typeFilters_[typeFilterIndex_].c_str()))
+        {
+            ScopeGuard guard([&] { EndCombo(); });
+
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < typeFilters_.size(); ++i)
+            {
+                bool selected = i == typeFilterIndex_;
+                if(Selectable(typeFilters_[i].c_str(), selected) && !selected)
+                {
+                    typeFilterIndex_ = static_cast<unsigned int>(i);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        PopItemWidth();
+    }
+}
+
+inline bool ImGui::FileBrowser::HasSelected() const noexcept
+{
+    return ok_;
+}
+
+inline bool ImGui::FileBrowser::SetPwd(const std::filesystem::path &pwd)
+{
+    try
+    {
+        SetPwdUncatched(pwd);
+        return true;
+    }
+    catch(const std::exception &err)
+    {
+        statusStr_ = std::string("last error: ") + err.what();
+    }
+    catch(...)
+    {
+        statusStr_ = "last error: unknown";
+    }
+
+    SetPwdUncatched(std::filesystem::current_path());
+    return false;
+}
+
+inline const class std::filesystem::path &ImGui::FileBrowser::GetPwd() const noexcept
+{
+    return pwd_;
+}
+
+inline std::filesystem::path ImGui::FileBrowser::GetSelected() const
+{
+    // when ok_ is true, selectedFilenames_ may be empty if SelectDirectory
+    // is enabled. return pwd in that case.
+    if(selectedFilenames_.empty())
+    {
+        return pwd_;
+    }
+    return pwd_ / *selectedFilenames_.begin();
+}
+
+inline std::vector<std::filesystem::path>
+    ImGui::FileBrowser::GetMultiSelected() const
+{
+    if(selectedFilenames_.empty())
+    {
+        return { pwd_ };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::filesystem::path> ret;
+    ret.reserve(selectedFilenames_.size());
+    for(auto &s : selectedFilenames_)
+    {
+        ret.push_back(pwd_ / s);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::ClearSelected()
+{
+    selectedFilenames_.clear();
+    (*inputNameBuf_)[0] = '\0';
+    ok_ = false;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetTypeFilters(
+    const std::vector<std::string> &_typeFilters)
+{
+    typeFilters_.clear();
+
+    // remove duplicate filter names due to case unsensitivity on windows
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+    std::vector<std::string> typeFilters;
+    for(auto &rawFilter : _typeFilters)
+    {
+        std::string lowerFilter = ToLower(rawFilter);
+        auto it = std::find(typeFilters.begin(), typeFilters.end(), lowerFilter);
+        if(it == typeFilters.end())
+        {
+            typeFilters.push_back(std::move(lowerFilter));
+        }
+    }
+
+#else
+
+    auto &typeFilters = _typeFilters;
+
+#endif
+
+    // insert auto-generated filter
+
+    if(typeFilters.size() > 1)
+    {
+        hasAllFilter_  = true;
+        std::string allFiltersName = std::string();
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < typeFilters.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if(typeFilters[i] == std::string_view(".*"))
+            {
+                hasAllFilter_ = false;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if(i > 0)
+            {
+                allFiltersName += ",";
+            }
+            allFiltersName += typeFilters[i];
+        }
+
+        if(hasAllFilter_)
+        {
+            typeFilters_.push_back(std::move(allFiltersName));
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::copy(
+        typeFilters.begin(), typeFilters.end(),
+        std::back_inserter(typeFilters_));
+
+    typeFilterIndex_ = 0;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetCurrentTypeFilterIndex(int index)
+{
+    typeFilterIndex_ = static_cast<unsigned int>(index);
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetInputName(std::string_view input)
+{
+    if(flags_ & ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_EnterNewFilename)
+    {
+        if(input.size() >= static_cast<size_t>(INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE))
+        {
+            // If input doesn't fit trim off characters
+            input = input.substr(0, INPUT_NAME_BUF_SIZE - 1);
+        }
+        std::copy(input.begin(), input.end(), inputNameBuf_->begin());
+        inputNameBuf_->at(input.size()) = '\0';
+        selectedFilenames_ = { inputNameBuf_->data() };
+    }
+}
+
+inline std::string ImGui::FileBrowser::ToLower(const std::string &s)
+{
+    std::string ret = s;
+    for(char &c : ret)
+    {
+        c = static_cast<char>(std::tolower(c));
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::UpdateFileRecords()
+{
+    fileRecords_ = { FileRecord{ true, "..", "[D] ..", "" } };
+
+    for(auto &p : std::filesystem::directory_iterator(pwd_))
+    {
+        FileRecord rcd;
+
+        if(p.is_regular_file())
+        {
+            rcd.isDir = false;
+        }
+        else if(p.is_directory())
+        {
+            rcd.isDir = true;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        rcd.name = p.path().filename();
+        if(rcd.name.empty())
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        rcd.extension = p.path().filename().extension();
+
+        rcd.showName = (rcd.isDir ? "[D] " : "[F] ") +
+                       u8StrToStr(p.path().filename().u8string());
+        fileRecords_.push_back(rcd);
+    }
+
+    std::sort(fileRecords_.begin(), fileRecords_.end(),
+        [](const FileRecord &L, const FileRecord &R)
+    {
+        return (L.isDir ^ R.isDir) ? L.isDir : (L.name < R.name);
+    });
+}
+
+inline void ImGui::FileBrowser::SetPwdUncatched(const std::filesystem::path &pwd)
+{
+    pwd_ = absolute(pwd);
+    UpdateFileRecords();
+    selectedFilenames_.clear();
+    (*inputNameBuf_)[0] = '\0';
+}
+
+inline bool ImGui::FileBrowser::IsExtensionMatched(
+    const std::filesystem::path &_extension) const
+{
+#ifdef _WIN32
+    std::filesystem::path extension = ToLower(_extension.string());
+#else
+    auto &extension = _extension;
+#endif
+
+    // no type filters
+    if(typeFilters_.empty())
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // invalid type filter index
+    if(static_cast<size_t>(typeFilterIndex_) >= typeFilters_.size())
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // all type filters
+    if(hasAllFilter_ && typeFilterIndex_ == 0)
+    {
+        for(size_t i = 1; i < typeFilters_.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if(extension == typeFilters_[i])
+            {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // universal filter
+    if(typeFilters_[typeFilterIndex_] == std::string_view(".*"))
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // regular filter
+    return extension == typeFilters_[typeFilterIndex_];
+}
+
+#if defined(__cpp_lib_char8_t)
+inline std::string ImGui::FileBrowser::u8StrToStr(std::u8string s)
+{
+    return std::string(s.begin(), s.end());
+}
+#endif
+
+inline std::string ImGui::FileBrowser::u8StrToStr(std::string s)
+{
+    return s;
+}
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+
+#ifndef _INC_WINDOWS
+
+#ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+
+#define IMGUI_FILEBROWSER_UNDEF_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+
+#endif // #ifndef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_FILEBROWSER_UNDEF_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#undef IMGUI_FILEBROWSER_UNDEF_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#undef WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#endif // #ifdef IMGUI_FILEBROWSER_UNDEF_WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+
+#endif // #ifdef _INC_WINDOWS
+
+inline std::uint32_t ImGui::FileBrowser::GetDrivesBitMask()
+{
+    DWORD mask = GetLogicalDrives();
+    uint32_t ret = 0;
+    for(int i = 0; i < 26; ++i)
+    {
+        if(!(mask & (1 << i)))
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+        char rootName[4] = { static_cast<char>('A' + i), ':', '\\', '\0' };
+        UINT type = GetDriveTypeA(rootName);
+        if(type == DRIVE_REMOVABLE || type == DRIVE_FIXED ||  type == DRIVE_REMOTE)
+        {
+            ret |= (1 << i);
+        }
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_internal.h b/external/imgui/imgui_internal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..31dceb1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_internal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3585 @@
+// dear imgui, v1.89.5 WIP
+// (internal structures/api)
+
+// You may use this file to debug, understand or extend Dear ImGui features but we don't provide any guarantee of forward compatibility.
+// To implement maths operators for ImVec2 (disabled by default to not conflict with using IM_VEC2_CLASS_EXTRA with your own math types+operators), use:
+/*
+#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#include "imgui_internal.h"
+*/
+
+/*
+
+Index of this file:
+
+// [SECTION] Header mess
+// [SECTION] Forward declarations
+// [SECTION] Context pointer
+// [SECTION] STB libraries includes
+// [SECTION] Macros
+// [SECTION] Generic helpers
+// [SECTION] ImDrawList support
+// [SECTION] Widgets support: flags, enums, data structures
+// [SECTION] Inputs support
+// [SECTION] Clipper support
+// [SECTION] Navigation support
+// [SECTION] Columns support
+// [SECTION] Multi-select support
+// [SECTION] Docking support
+// [SECTION] Viewport support
+// [SECTION] Settings support
+// [SECTION] Localization support
+// [SECTION] Metrics, Debug tools
+// [SECTION] Generic context hooks
+// [SECTION] ImGuiContext (main imgui context)
+// [SECTION] ImGuiWindowTempData, ImGuiWindow
+// [SECTION] Tab bar, Tab item support
+// [SECTION] Table support
+// [SECTION] ImGui internal API
+// [SECTION] ImFontAtlas internal API
+// [SECTION] Test Engine specific hooks (imgui_test_engine)
+
+*/
+
+#pragma once
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Header mess
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_VERSION
+#include "imgui.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>      // FILE*, sscanf
+#include <stdlib.h>     // NULL, malloc, free, qsort, atoi, atof
+#include <math.h>       // sqrtf, fabsf, fmodf, powf, floorf, ceilf, cosf, sinf
+#include <limits.h>     // INT_MIN, INT_MAX
+
+// Enable SSE intrinsics if available
+#if (defined __SSE__ || defined __x86_64__ || defined _M_X64 || (defined(_M_IX86_FP) && (_M_IX86_FP >= 1))) && !defined(IMGUI_DISABLE_SSE)
+#define IMGUI_ENABLE_SSE
+#include <immintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+// Visual Studio warnings
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (push)
+#pragma warning (disable: 4251)     // class 'xxx' needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of struct 'xxx' // when IMGUI_API is set to__declspec(dllexport)
+#pragma warning (disable: 26812)    // The enum type 'xxx' is unscoped. Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum' (Enum.3). [MSVC Static Analyzer)
+#pragma warning (disable: 26495)    // [Static Analyzer] Variable 'XXX' is uninitialized. Always initialize a member variable (type.6).
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1922 // MSVC 2019 16.2 or later
+#pragma warning (disable: 5054)     // operator '|': deprecated between enumerations of different types
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// Clang/GCC warnings with -Weverything
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#if __has_warning("-Wunknown-warning-option")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-warning-option"         // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'
+#endif
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-pragmas"                // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"                    // warning: comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe // storing and comparing against same constants ok, for ImFloorSigned()
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-function"                // for stb_textedit.h
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-prototypes"             // for stb_textedit.h
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion"  // warning: implicit conversion from 'xxx' to 'float' may lose precision
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wmissing-noreturn"               // warning: function 'xxx' could be declared with attribute 'noreturn'
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"              // warning: unknown option after '#pragma GCC diagnostic' kind
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wclass-memaccess"      // [__GNUC__ >= 8] warning: 'memset/memcpy' clearing/writing an object of type 'xxxx' with no trivial copy-assignment; use assignment or value-initialization instead
+#endif
+
+// In 1.89.4, we moved the implementation of "courtesy maths operators" from imgui_internal.h in imgui.h
+// As they are frequently requested, we do not want to encourage to many people using imgui_internal.h
+#if defined(IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS) && !defined(IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS_IMPLEMENTED)
+#error Please '#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS' _BEFORE_ including imgui.h!
+#endif
+
+// Legacy defines
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_FORMAT_STRING_FUNCTIONS            // Renamed in 1.74
+#error Use IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS
+#endif
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_MATH_FUNCTIONS                     // Renamed in 1.74
+#error Use IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_MATH_FUNCTIONS
+#endif
+
+// Enable stb_truetype by default unless FreeType is enabled.
+// You can compile with both by defining both IMGUI_ENABLE_FREETYPE and IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE together.
+#ifndef IMGUI_ENABLE_FREETYPE
+#define IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Forward declarations
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ImBitVector;                 // Store 1-bit per value
+struct ImRect;                      // An axis-aligned rectangle (2 points)
+struct ImDrawDataBuilder;           // Helper to build a ImDrawData instance
+struct ImDrawListSharedData;        // Data shared between all ImDrawList instances
+struct ImGuiColorMod;               // Stacked color modifier, backup of modified data so we can restore it
+struct ImGuiContext;                // Main Dear ImGui context
+struct ImGuiContextHook;            // Hook for extensions like ImGuiTestEngine
+struct ImGuiDataVarInfo;            // Variable information (e.g. to avoid style variables from an enum)
+struct ImGuiDataTypeInfo;           // Type information associated to a ImGuiDataType enum
+struct ImGuiDockContext;            // Docking system context
+struct ImGuiDockRequest;            // Docking system dock/undock queued request
+struct ImGuiDockNode;               // Docking system node (hold a list of Windows OR two child dock nodes)
+struct ImGuiDockNodeSettings;       // Storage for a dock node in .ini file (we preserve those even if the associated dock node isn't active during the session)
+struct ImGuiGroupData;              // Stacked storage data for BeginGroup()/EndGroup()
+struct ImGuiInputTextState;         // Internal state of the currently focused/edited text input box
+struct ImGuiInputTextDeactivateData;// Short term storage to backup text of a deactivating InputText() while another is stealing active id
+struct ImGuiLastItemData;           // Status storage for last submitted items
+struct ImGuiLocEntry;               // A localization entry.
+struct ImGuiMenuColumns;            // Simple column measurement, currently used for MenuItem() only
+struct ImGuiNavItemData;            // Result of a gamepad/keyboard directional navigation move query result
+struct ImGuiMetricsConfig;          // Storage for ShowMetricsWindow() and DebugNodeXXX() functions
+struct ImGuiNextWindowData;         // Storage for SetNextWindow** functions
+struct ImGuiNextItemData;           // Storage for SetNextItem** functions
+struct ImGuiOldColumnData;          // Storage data for a single column for legacy Columns() api
+struct ImGuiOldColumns;             // Storage data for a columns set for legacy Columns() api
+struct ImGuiPopupData;              // Storage for current popup stack
+struct ImGuiSettingsHandler;        // Storage for one type registered in the .ini file
+struct ImGuiStackSizes;             // Storage of stack sizes for debugging/asserting
+struct ImGuiStyleMod;               // Stacked style modifier, backup of modified data so we can restore it
+struct ImGuiTabBar;                 // Storage for a tab bar
+struct ImGuiTabItem;                // Storage for a tab item (within a tab bar)
+struct ImGuiTable;                  // Storage for a table
+struct ImGuiTableColumn;            // Storage for one column of a table
+struct ImGuiTableInstanceData;      // Storage for one instance of a same table
+struct ImGuiTableTempData;          // Temporary storage for one table (one per table in the stack), shared between tables.
+struct ImGuiTableSettings;          // Storage for a table .ini settings
+struct ImGuiTableColumnsSettings;   // Storage for a column .ini settings
+struct ImGuiWindow;                 // Storage for one window
+struct ImGuiWindowTempData;         // Temporary storage for one window (that's the data which in theory we could ditch at the end of the frame, in practice we currently keep it for each window)
+struct ImGuiWindowSettings;         // Storage for a window .ini settings (we keep one of those even if the actual window wasn't instanced during this session)
+
+// Enumerations
+// Use your programming IDE "Go to definition" facility on the names of the center columns to find the actual flags/enum lists.
+enum ImGuiLocKey : int;                 // -> enum ImGuiLocKey              // Enum: a localization entry for translation.
+typedef int ImGuiDataAuthority;         // -> enum ImGuiDataAuthority_      // Enum: for storing the source authority (dock node vs window) of a field
+typedef int ImGuiLayoutType;            // -> enum ImGuiLayoutType_         // Enum: Horizontal or vertical
+
+// Flags
+typedef int ImGuiActivateFlags;         // -> enum ImGuiActivateFlags_      // Flags: for navigation/focus function (will be for ActivateItem() later)
+typedef int ImGuiDebugLogFlags;         // -> enum ImGuiDebugLogFlags_      // Flags: for ShowDebugLogWindow(), g.DebugLogFlags
+typedef int ImGuiInputFlags;            // -> enum ImGuiInputFlags_         // Flags: for IsKeyPressed(), IsMouseClicked(), SetKeyOwner(), SetItemKeyOwner() etc.
+typedef int ImGuiItemFlags;             // -> enum ImGuiItemFlags_          // Flags: for PushItemFlag(), g.LastItemData.InFlags
+typedef int ImGuiItemStatusFlags;       // -> enum ImGuiItemStatusFlags_    // Flags: for g.LastItemData.StatusFlags
+typedef int ImGuiOldColumnFlags;        // -> enum ImGuiOldColumnFlags_     // Flags: for BeginColumns()
+typedef int ImGuiNavHighlightFlags;     // -> enum ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_  // Flags: for RenderNavHighlight()
+typedef int ImGuiNavMoveFlags;          // -> enum ImGuiNavMoveFlags_       // Flags: for navigation requests
+typedef int ImGuiNextItemDataFlags;     // -> enum ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_  // Flags: for SetNextItemXXX() functions
+typedef int ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags;   // -> enum ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_// Flags: for SetNextWindowXXX() functions
+typedef int ImGuiScrollFlags;           // -> enum ImGuiScrollFlags_        // Flags: for ScrollToItem() and navigation requests
+typedef int ImGuiSeparatorFlags;        // -> enum ImGuiSeparatorFlags_     // Flags: for SeparatorEx()
+typedef int ImGuiTextFlags;             // -> enum ImGuiTextFlags_          // Flags: for TextEx()
+typedef int ImGuiTooltipFlags;          // -> enum ImGuiTooltipFlags_       // Flags: for BeginTooltipEx()
+
+typedef void (*ImGuiErrorLogCallback)(void* user_data, const char* fmt, ...);
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Context pointer
+// See implementation of this variable in imgui.cpp for comments and details.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef GImGui
+extern IMGUI_API ImGuiContext* GImGui;  // Current implicit context pointer
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] STB libraries includes
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace ImStb
+{
+
+#undef STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING
+#undef STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING             ImGuiInputTextState
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE           ImWchar
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH_NEWLINE   (-1.0f)
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT     99
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT      999
+#include "imstb_textedit.h"
+
+} // namespace ImStb
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Macros
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Internal Drag and Drop payload types. String starting with '_' are reserved for Dear ImGui.
+#define IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_WINDOW       "_IMWINDOW"     // Payload == ImGuiWindow*
+
+// Debug Printing Into TTY
+// (since IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18729: IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG was reworked into IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINTF (and removed framecount from it). If you were using a #define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG please rename)
+#ifndef IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINTF
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONS
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINTF(_FMT,...)    printf(_FMT, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINTF(_FMT,...)    ((void)0)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+// Debug Logging for ShowDebugLogWindow(). This is designed for relatively rare events so please don't spam.
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(...)            ImGui::DebugLog(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(...)            ((void)0)
+#endif
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_ACTIVEID(...)   do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventActiveId) IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_FOCUS(...)      do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventFocus)    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_POPUP(...)      do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventPopup)    IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_NAV(...)        do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventNav)      IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_CLIPPER(...)    do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventClipper)  IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_IO(...)         do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventIO)       IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_DOCKING(...)    do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventDocking)  IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+#define IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG_VIEWPORT(...)   do { if (g.DebugLogFlags & ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventViewport) IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG(__VA_ARGS__); } while (0)
+
+// Static Asserts
+#define IM_STATIC_ASSERT(_COND)         static_assert(_COND, "")
+
+// "Paranoid" Debug Asserts are meant to only be enabled during specific debugging/work, otherwise would slow down the code too much.
+// We currently don't have many of those so the effect is currently negligible, but onward intent to add more aggressive ones in the code.
+//#define IMGUI_DEBUG_PARANOID
+#ifdef IMGUI_DEBUG_PARANOID
+#define IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(_EXPR)       IM_ASSERT(_EXPR)
+#else
+#define IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(_EXPR)
+#endif
+
+// Error handling
+// Down the line in some frameworks/languages we would like to have a way to redirect those to the programmer and recover from more faults.
+#ifndef IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR
+#define IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(_EXP,_MSG) IM_ASSERT((_EXP) && _MSG)   // Recoverable User Error
+#endif
+
+// Misc Macros
+#define IM_PI                           3.14159265358979323846f
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#define IM_NEWLINE                      "\r\n"   // Play it nice with Windows users (Update: since 2018-05, Notepad finally appears to support Unix-style carriage returns!)
+#else
+#define IM_NEWLINE                      "\n"
+#endif
+#ifndef IM_TABSIZE                      // Until we move this to runtime and/or add proper tab support, at least allow users to compile-time override
+#define IM_TABSIZE                      (4)
+#endif
+#define IM_MEMALIGN(_OFF,_ALIGN)        (((_OFF) + ((_ALIGN) - 1)) & ~((_ALIGN) - 1))           // Memory align e.g. IM_ALIGN(0,4)=0, IM_ALIGN(1,4)=4, IM_ALIGN(4,4)=4, IM_ALIGN(5,4)=8
+#define IM_F32_TO_INT8_UNBOUND(_VAL)    ((int)((_VAL) * 255.0f + ((_VAL)>=0 ? 0.5f : -0.5f)))   // Unsaturated, for display purpose
+#define IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(_VAL)        ((int)(ImSaturate(_VAL) * 255.0f + 0.5f))               // Saturated, always output 0..255
+#define IM_FLOOR(_VAL)                  ((float)(int)(_VAL))                                    // ImFloor() is not inlined in MSVC debug builds
+#define IM_ROUND(_VAL)                  ((float)(int)((_VAL) + 0.5f))                           //
+
+// Enforce cdecl calling convention for functions called by the standard library, in case compilation settings changed the default to e.g. __vectorcall
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define IMGUI_CDECL __cdecl
+#else
+#define IMGUI_CDECL
+#endif
+
+// Warnings
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
+#define IM_MSVC_WARNING_SUPPRESS(XXXX)  __pragma(warning(suppress: XXXX))
+#else
+#define IM_MSVC_WARNING_SUPPRESS(XXXX)
+#endif
+
+// Debug Tools
+// Use 'Metrics/Debugger->Tools->Item Picker' to break into the call-stack of a specific item.
+// This will call IM_DEBUG_BREAK() which you may redefine yourself. See https://github.com/scottt/debugbreak for more reference.
+#ifndef IM_DEBUG_BREAK
+#if defined (_MSC_VER)
+#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK()    __debugbreak()
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK()    __builtin_debugtrap()
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__))
+#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK()    __asm__ volatile("int $0x03")
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__thumb__)
+#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK()    __asm__ volatile(".inst 0xde01")
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__arm__) && !defined(__thumb__)
+#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK()    __asm__ volatile(".inst 0xe7f001f0");
+#else
+#define IM_DEBUG_BREAK()    IM_ASSERT(0)    // It is expected that you define IM_DEBUG_BREAK() into something that will break nicely in a debugger!
+#endif
+#endif // #ifndef IM_DEBUG_BREAK
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Generic helpers
+// Note that the ImXXX helpers functions are lower-level than ImGui functions.
+// ImGui functions or the ImGui context are never called/used from other ImXXX functions.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - Helpers: Hashing
+// - Helpers: Sorting
+// - Helpers: Bit manipulation
+// - Helpers: String
+// - Helpers: Formatting
+// - Helpers: UTF-8 <> wchar conversions
+// - Helpers: ImVec2/ImVec4 operators
+// - Helpers: Maths
+// - Helpers: Geometry
+// - Helper: ImVec1
+// - Helper: ImVec2ih
+// - Helper: ImRect
+// - Helper: ImBitArray
+// - Helper: ImBitVector
+// - Helper: ImSpan<>, ImSpanAllocator<>
+// - Helper: ImPool<>
+// - Helper: ImChunkStream<>
+// - Helper: ImGuiTextIndex
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helpers: Hashing
+IMGUI_API ImGuiID       ImHashData(const void* data, size_t data_size, ImGuiID seed = 0);
+IMGUI_API ImGuiID       ImHashStr(const char* data, size_t data_size = 0, ImGuiID seed = 0);
+
+// Helpers: Sorting
+#ifndef ImQsort
+static inline void      ImQsort(void* base, size_t count, size_t size_of_element, int(IMGUI_CDECL *compare_func)(void const*, void const*)) { if (count > 1) qsort(base, count, size_of_element, compare_func); }
+#endif
+
+// Helpers: Color Blending
+IMGUI_API ImU32         ImAlphaBlendColors(ImU32 col_a, ImU32 col_b);
+
+// Helpers: Bit manipulation
+static inline bool      ImIsPowerOfTwo(int v)           { return v != 0 && (v & (v - 1)) == 0; }
+static inline bool      ImIsPowerOfTwo(ImU64 v)         { return v != 0 && (v & (v - 1)) == 0; }
+static inline int       ImUpperPowerOfTwo(int v)        { v--; v |= v >> 1; v |= v >> 2; v |= v >> 4; v |= v >> 8; v |= v >> 16; v++; return v; }
+
+// Helpers: String
+IMGUI_API int           ImStricmp(const char* str1, const char* str2);
+IMGUI_API int           ImStrnicmp(const char* str1, const char* str2, size_t count);
+IMGUI_API void          ImStrncpy(char* dst, const char* src, size_t count);
+IMGUI_API char*         ImStrdup(const char* str);
+IMGUI_API char*         ImStrdupcpy(char* dst, size_t* p_dst_size, const char* str);
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImStrchrRange(const char* str_begin, const char* str_end, char c);
+IMGUI_API int           ImStrlenW(const ImWchar* str);
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImStreolRange(const char* str, const char* str_end);                // End end-of-line
+IMGUI_API const ImWchar*ImStrbolW(const ImWchar* buf_mid_line, const ImWchar* buf_begin);   // Find beginning-of-line
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImStristr(const char* haystack, const char* haystack_end, const char* needle, const char* needle_end);
+IMGUI_API void          ImStrTrimBlanks(char* str);
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImStrSkipBlank(const char* str);
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+static inline char      ImToUpper(char c)               { return (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ? c &= ~32 : c; }
+static inline bool      ImCharIsBlankA(char c)          { return c == ' ' || c == '\t'; }
+static inline bool      ImCharIsBlankW(unsigned int c)  { return c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == 0x3000; }
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+
+// Helpers: Formatting
+IMGUI_API int           ImFormatString(char* buf, size_t buf_size, const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(3);
+IMGUI_API int           ImFormatStringV(char* buf, size_t buf_size, const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(3);
+IMGUI_API void          ImFormatStringToTempBuffer(const char** out_buf, const char** out_buf_end, const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(3);
+IMGUI_API void          ImFormatStringToTempBufferV(const char** out_buf, const char** out_buf_end, const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(3);
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImParseFormatFindStart(const char* format);
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImParseFormatFindEnd(const char* format);
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImParseFormatTrimDecorations(const char* format, char* buf, size_t buf_size);
+IMGUI_API void          ImParseFormatSanitizeForPrinting(const char* fmt_in, char* fmt_out, size_t fmt_out_size);
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImParseFormatSanitizeForScanning(const char* fmt_in, char* fmt_out, size_t fmt_out_size);
+IMGUI_API int           ImParseFormatPrecision(const char* format, int default_value);
+
+// Helpers: UTF-8 <> wchar conversions
+IMGUI_API const char*   ImTextCharToUtf8(char out_buf[5], unsigned int c);                                                      // return out_buf
+IMGUI_API int           ImTextStrToUtf8(char* out_buf, int out_buf_size, const ImWchar* in_text, const ImWchar* in_text_end);   // return output UTF-8 bytes count
+IMGUI_API int           ImTextCharFromUtf8(unsigned int* out_char, const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end);               // read one character. return input UTF-8 bytes count
+IMGUI_API int           ImTextStrFromUtf8(ImWchar* out_buf, int out_buf_size, const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end, const char** in_remaining = NULL);   // return input UTF-8 bytes count
+IMGUI_API int           ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8(const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end);                                 // return number of UTF-8 code-points (NOT bytes count)
+IMGUI_API int           ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromChar(const char* in_text, const char* in_text_end);                             // return number of bytes to express one char in UTF-8
+IMGUI_API int           ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(const ImWchar* in_text, const ImWchar* in_text_end);                        // return number of bytes to express string in UTF-8
+
+// Helpers: File System
+#ifdef IMGUI_DISABLE_FILE_FUNCTIONS
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS
+typedef void* ImFileHandle;
+static inline ImFileHandle  ImFileOpen(const char*, const char*)                    { return NULL; }
+static inline bool          ImFileClose(ImFileHandle)                               { return false; }
+static inline ImU64         ImFileGetSize(ImFileHandle)                             { return (ImU64)-1; }
+static inline ImU64         ImFileRead(void*, ImU64, ImU64, ImFileHandle)           { return 0; }
+static inline ImU64         ImFileWrite(const void*, ImU64, ImU64, ImFileHandle)    { return 0; }
+#endif
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_FILE_FUNCTIONS
+typedef FILE* ImFileHandle;
+IMGUI_API ImFileHandle      ImFileOpen(const char* filename, const char* mode);
+IMGUI_API bool              ImFileClose(ImFileHandle file);
+IMGUI_API ImU64             ImFileGetSize(ImFileHandle file);
+IMGUI_API ImU64             ImFileRead(void* data, ImU64 size, ImU64 count, ImFileHandle file);
+IMGUI_API ImU64             ImFileWrite(const void* data, ImU64 size, ImU64 count, ImFileHandle file);
+#else
+#define IMGUI_DISABLE_TTY_FUNCTIONS // Can't use stdout, fflush if we are not using default file functions
+#endif
+IMGUI_API void*             ImFileLoadToMemory(const char* filename, const char* mode, size_t* out_file_size = NULL, int padding_bytes = 0);
+
+// Helpers: Maths
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+// - Wrapper for standard libs functions. (Note that imgui_demo.cpp does _not_ use them to keep the code easy to copy)
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEFAULT_MATH_FUNCTIONS
+#define ImFabs(X)           fabsf(X)
+#define ImSqrt(X)           sqrtf(X)
+#define ImFmod(X, Y)        fmodf((X), (Y))
+#define ImCos(X)            cosf(X)
+#define ImSin(X)            sinf(X)
+#define ImAcos(X)           acosf(X)
+#define ImAtan2(Y, X)       atan2f((Y), (X))
+#define ImAtof(STR)         atof(STR)
+//#define ImFloorStd(X)     floorf(X)           // We use our own, see ImFloor() and ImFloorSigned()
+#define ImCeil(X)           ceilf(X)
+static inline float  ImPow(float x, float y)    { return powf(x, y); }          // DragBehaviorT/SliderBehaviorT uses ImPow with either float/double and need the precision
+static inline double ImPow(double x, double y)  { return pow(x, y); }
+static inline float  ImLog(float x)             { return logf(x); }             // DragBehaviorT/SliderBehaviorT uses ImLog with either float/double and need the precision
+static inline double ImLog(double x)            { return log(x); }
+static inline int    ImAbs(int x)               { return x < 0 ? -x : x; }
+static inline float  ImAbs(float x)             { return fabsf(x); }
+static inline double ImAbs(double x)            { return fabs(x); }
+static inline float  ImSign(float x)            { return (x < 0.0f) ? -1.0f : (x > 0.0f) ? 1.0f : 0.0f; } // Sign operator - returns -1, 0 or 1 based on sign of argument
+static inline double ImSign(double x)           { return (x < 0.0) ? -1.0 : (x > 0.0) ? 1.0 : 0.0; }
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_SSE
+static inline float  ImRsqrt(float x)           { return _mm_cvtss_f32(_mm_rsqrt_ss(_mm_set_ss(x))); }
+#else
+static inline float  ImRsqrt(float x)           { return 1.0f / sqrtf(x); }
+#endif
+static inline double ImRsqrt(double x)          { return 1.0 / sqrt(x); }
+#endif
+// - ImMin/ImMax/ImClamp/ImLerp/ImSwap are used by widgets which support variety of types: signed/unsigned int/long long float/double
+// (Exceptionally using templates here but we could also redefine them for those types)
+template<typename T> static inline T ImMin(T lhs, T rhs)                        { return lhs < rhs ? lhs : rhs; }
+template<typename T> static inline T ImMax(T lhs, T rhs)                        { return lhs >= rhs ? lhs : rhs; }
+template<typename T> static inline T ImClamp(T v, T mn, T mx)                   { return (v < mn) ? mn : (v > mx) ? mx : v; }
+template<typename T> static inline T ImLerp(T a, T b, float t)                  { return (T)(a + (b - a) * t); }
+template<typename T> static inline void ImSwap(T& a, T& b)                      { T tmp = a; a = b; b = tmp; }
+template<typename T> static inline T ImAddClampOverflow(T a, T b, T mn, T mx)   { if (b < 0 && (a < mn - b)) return mn; if (b > 0 && (a > mx - b)) return mx; return a + b; }
+template<typename T> static inline T ImSubClampOverflow(T a, T b, T mn, T mx)   { if (b > 0 && (a < mn + b)) return mn; if (b < 0 && (a > mx + b)) return mx; return a - b; }
+// - Misc maths helpers
+static inline ImVec2 ImMin(const ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)                { return ImVec2(lhs.x < rhs.x ? lhs.x : rhs.x, lhs.y < rhs.y ? lhs.y : rhs.y); }
+static inline ImVec2 ImMax(const ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)                { return ImVec2(lhs.x >= rhs.x ? lhs.x : rhs.x, lhs.y >= rhs.y ? lhs.y : rhs.y); }
+static inline ImVec2 ImClamp(const ImVec2& v, const ImVec2& mn, ImVec2 mx)      { return ImVec2((v.x < mn.x) ? mn.x : (v.x > mx.x) ? mx.x : v.x, (v.y < mn.y) ? mn.y : (v.y > mx.y) ? mx.y : v.y); }
+static inline ImVec2 ImLerp(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, float t)          { return ImVec2(a.x + (b.x - a.x) * t, a.y + (b.y - a.y) * t); }
+static inline ImVec2 ImLerp(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& t)  { return ImVec2(a.x + (b.x - a.x) * t.x, a.y + (b.y - a.y) * t.y); }
+static inline ImVec4 ImLerp(const ImVec4& a, const ImVec4& b, float t)          { return ImVec4(a.x + (b.x - a.x) * t, a.y + (b.y - a.y) * t, a.z + (b.z - a.z) * t, a.w + (b.w - a.w) * t); }
+static inline float  ImSaturate(float f)                                        { return (f < 0.0f) ? 0.0f : (f > 1.0f) ? 1.0f : f; }
+static inline float  ImLengthSqr(const ImVec2& lhs)                             { return (lhs.x * lhs.x) + (lhs.y * lhs.y); }
+static inline float  ImLengthSqr(const ImVec4& lhs)                             { return (lhs.x * lhs.x) + (lhs.y * lhs.y) + (lhs.z * lhs.z) + (lhs.w * lhs.w); }
+static inline float  ImInvLength(const ImVec2& lhs, float fail_value)           { float d = (lhs.x * lhs.x) + (lhs.y * lhs.y); if (d > 0.0f) return ImRsqrt(d); return fail_value; }
+static inline float  ImFloor(float f)                                           { return (float)(int)(f); }
+static inline float  ImFloorSigned(float f)                                     { return (float)((f >= 0 || (float)(int)f == f) ? (int)f : (int)f - 1); } // Decent replacement for floorf()
+static inline ImVec2 ImFloor(const ImVec2& v)                                   { return ImVec2((float)(int)(v.x), (float)(int)(v.y)); }
+static inline ImVec2 ImFloorSigned(const ImVec2& v)                             { return ImVec2(ImFloorSigned(v.x), ImFloorSigned(v.y)); }
+static inline int    ImModPositive(int a, int b)                                { return (a + b) % b; }
+static inline float  ImDot(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b)                    { return a.x * b.x + a.y * b.y; }
+static inline ImVec2 ImRotate(const ImVec2& v, float cos_a, float sin_a)        { return ImVec2(v.x * cos_a - v.y * sin_a, v.x * sin_a + v.y * cos_a); }
+static inline float  ImLinearSweep(float current, float target, float speed)    { if (current < target) return ImMin(current + speed, target); if (current > target) return ImMax(current - speed, target); return current; }
+static inline ImVec2 ImMul(const ImVec2& lhs, const ImVec2& rhs)                { return ImVec2(lhs.x * rhs.x, lhs.y * rhs.y); }
+static inline bool   ImIsFloatAboveGuaranteedIntegerPrecision(float f)          { return f <= -16777216 || f >= 16777216; }
+static inline float  ImExponentialMovingAverage(float avg, float sample, int n) { avg -= avg / n; avg += sample / n; return avg; }
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+
+// Helpers: Geometry
+IMGUI_API ImVec2     ImBezierCubicCalc(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, float t);
+IMGUI_API ImVec2     ImBezierCubicClosestPoint(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, const ImVec2& p, int num_segments);       // For curves with explicit number of segments
+IMGUI_API ImVec2     ImBezierCubicClosestPointCasteljau(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, const ImVec2& p4, const ImVec2& p, float tess_tol);// For auto-tessellated curves you can use tess_tol = style.CurveTessellationTol
+IMGUI_API ImVec2     ImBezierQuadraticCalc(const ImVec2& p1, const ImVec2& p2, const ImVec2& p3, float t);
+IMGUI_API ImVec2     ImLineClosestPoint(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& p);
+IMGUI_API bool       ImTriangleContainsPoint(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& p);
+IMGUI_API ImVec2     ImTriangleClosestPoint(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& p);
+IMGUI_API void       ImTriangleBarycentricCoords(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c, const ImVec2& p, float& out_u, float& out_v, float& out_w);
+inline float         ImTriangleArea(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& c) { return ImFabs((a.x * (b.y - c.y)) + (b.x * (c.y - a.y)) + (c.x * (a.y - b.y))) * 0.5f; }
+IMGUI_API ImGuiDir   ImGetDirQuadrantFromDelta(float dx, float dy);
+
+// Helper: ImVec1 (1D vector)
+// (this odd construct is used to facilitate the transition between 1D and 2D, and the maintenance of some branches/patches)
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_OFF
+struct ImVec1
+{
+    float   x;
+    constexpr ImVec1()         : x(0.0f) { }
+    constexpr ImVec1(float _x) : x(_x) { }
+};
+
+// Helper: ImVec2ih (2D vector, half-size integer, for long-term packed storage)
+struct ImVec2ih
+{
+    short   x, y;
+    constexpr ImVec2ih()                           : x(0), y(0) {}
+    constexpr ImVec2ih(short _x, short _y)         : x(_x), y(_y) {}
+    constexpr explicit ImVec2ih(const ImVec2& rhs) : x((short)rhs.x), y((short)rhs.y) {}
+};
+
+// Helper: ImRect (2D axis aligned bounding-box)
+// NB: we can't rely on ImVec2 math operators being available here!
+struct IMGUI_API ImRect
+{
+    ImVec2      Min;    // Upper-left
+    ImVec2      Max;    // Lower-right
+
+    constexpr ImRect()                                        : Min(0.0f, 0.0f), Max(0.0f, 0.0f)  {}
+    constexpr ImRect(const ImVec2& min, const ImVec2& max)    : Min(min), Max(max)                {}
+    constexpr ImRect(const ImVec4& v)                         : Min(v.x, v.y), Max(v.z, v.w)      {}
+    constexpr ImRect(float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2)  : Min(x1, y1), Max(x2, y2)          {}
+
+    ImVec2      GetCenter() const                   { return ImVec2((Min.x + Max.x) * 0.5f, (Min.y + Max.y) * 0.5f); }
+    ImVec2      GetSize() const                     { return ImVec2(Max.x - Min.x, Max.y - Min.y); }
+    float       GetWidth() const                    { return Max.x - Min.x; }
+    float       GetHeight() const                   { return Max.y - Min.y; }
+    float       GetArea() const                     { return (Max.x - Min.x) * (Max.y - Min.y); }
+    ImVec2      GetTL() const                       { return Min; }                   // Top-left
+    ImVec2      GetTR() const                       { return ImVec2(Max.x, Min.y); }  // Top-right
+    ImVec2      GetBL() const                       { return ImVec2(Min.x, Max.y); }  // Bottom-left
+    ImVec2      GetBR() const                       { return Max; }                   // Bottom-right
+    bool        Contains(const ImVec2& p) const     { return p.x     >= Min.x && p.y     >= Min.y && p.x     <  Max.x && p.y     <  Max.y; }
+    bool        Contains(const ImRect& r) const     { return r.Min.x >= Min.x && r.Min.y >= Min.y && r.Max.x <= Max.x && r.Max.y <= Max.y; }
+    bool        Overlaps(const ImRect& r) const     { return r.Min.y <  Max.y && r.Max.y >  Min.y && r.Min.x <  Max.x && r.Max.x >  Min.x; }
+    void        Add(const ImVec2& p)                { if (Min.x > p.x)     Min.x = p.x;     if (Min.y > p.y)     Min.y = p.y;     if (Max.x < p.x)     Max.x = p.x;     if (Max.y < p.y)     Max.y = p.y; }
+    void        Add(const ImRect& r)                { if (Min.x > r.Min.x) Min.x = r.Min.x; if (Min.y > r.Min.y) Min.y = r.Min.y; if (Max.x < r.Max.x) Max.x = r.Max.x; if (Max.y < r.Max.y) Max.y = r.Max.y; }
+    void        Expand(const float amount)          { Min.x -= amount;   Min.y -= amount;   Max.x += amount;   Max.y += amount; }
+    void        Expand(const ImVec2& amount)        { Min.x -= amount.x; Min.y -= amount.y; Max.x += amount.x; Max.y += amount.y; }
+    void        Translate(const ImVec2& d)          { Min.x += d.x; Min.y += d.y; Max.x += d.x; Max.y += d.y; }
+    void        TranslateX(float dx)                { Min.x += dx; Max.x += dx; }
+    void        TranslateY(float dy)                { Min.y += dy; Max.y += dy; }
+    void        ClipWith(const ImRect& r)           { Min = ImMax(Min, r.Min); Max = ImMin(Max, r.Max); }                   // Simple version, may lead to an inverted rectangle, which is fine for Contains/Overlaps test but not for display.
+    void        ClipWithFull(const ImRect& r)       { Min = ImClamp(Min, r.Min, r.Max); Max = ImClamp(Max, r.Min, r.Max); } // Full version, ensure both points are fully clipped.
+    void        Floor()                             { Min.x = IM_FLOOR(Min.x); Min.y = IM_FLOOR(Min.y); Max.x = IM_FLOOR(Max.x); Max.y = IM_FLOOR(Max.y); }
+    bool        IsInverted() const                  { return Min.x > Max.x || Min.y > Max.y; }
+    ImVec4      ToVec4() const                      { return ImVec4(Min.x, Min.y, Max.x, Max.y); }
+};
+
+// Helper: ImBitArray
+#define         IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(_ARRAY, _N)                 ((_ARRAY[(_N) >> 5] & ((ImU32)1 << ((_N) & 31))) != 0) // Macro version of ImBitArrayTestBit(): ensure args have side-effect or are costly!
+#define         IM_BITARRAY_CLEARBIT(_ARRAY, _N)                ((_ARRAY[(_N) >> 5] &= ~((ImU32)1 << ((_N) & 31))))    // Macro version of ImBitArrayClearBit(): ensure args have side-effect or are costly!
+inline size_t   ImBitArrayGetStorageSizeInBytes(int bitcount)   { return (size_t)((bitcount + 31) >> 5) << 2; }
+inline void     ImBitArrayClearAllBits(ImU32* arr, int bitcount){ memset(arr, 0, ImBitArrayGetStorageSizeInBytes(bitcount)); }
+inline bool     ImBitArrayTestBit(const ImU32* arr, int n)      { ImU32 mask = (ImU32)1 << (n & 31); return (arr[n >> 5] & mask) != 0; }
+inline void     ImBitArrayClearBit(ImU32* arr, int n)           { ImU32 mask = (ImU32)1 << (n & 31); arr[n >> 5] &= ~mask; }
+inline void     ImBitArraySetBit(ImU32* arr, int n)             { ImU32 mask = (ImU32)1 << (n & 31); arr[n >> 5] |= mask; }
+inline void     ImBitArraySetBitRange(ImU32* arr, int n, int n2) // Works on range [n..n2)
+{
+    n2--;
+    while (n <= n2)
+    {
+        int a_mod = (n & 31);
+        int b_mod = (n2 > (n | 31) ? 31 : (n2 & 31)) + 1;
+        ImU32 mask = (ImU32)(((ImU64)1 << b_mod) - 1) & ~(ImU32)(((ImU64)1 << a_mod) - 1);
+        arr[n >> 5] |= mask;
+        n = (n + 32) & ~31;
+    }
+}
+
+typedef ImU32* ImBitArrayPtr; // Name for use in structs
+
+// Helper: ImBitArray class (wrapper over ImBitArray functions)
+// Store 1-bit per value.
+template<int BITCOUNT, int OFFSET = 0>
+struct ImBitArray
+{
+    ImU32           Storage[(BITCOUNT + 31) >> 5];
+    ImBitArray()                                { ClearAllBits(); }
+    void            ClearAllBits()              { memset(Storage, 0, sizeof(Storage)); }
+    void            SetAllBits()                { memset(Storage, 255, sizeof(Storage)); }
+    bool            TestBit(int n) const        { n += OFFSET; IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < BITCOUNT); return IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(Storage, n); }
+    void            SetBit(int n)               { n += OFFSET; IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < BITCOUNT); ImBitArraySetBit(Storage, n); }
+    void            ClearBit(int n)             { n += OFFSET; IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < BITCOUNT); ImBitArrayClearBit(Storage, n); }
+    void            SetBitRange(int n, int n2)  { n += OFFSET; n2 += OFFSET; IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < BITCOUNT && n2 > n && n2 <= BITCOUNT); ImBitArraySetBitRange(Storage, n, n2); } // Works on range [n..n2)
+    bool            operator[](int n) const     { n += OFFSET; IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < BITCOUNT); return IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(Storage, n); }
+};
+
+// Helper: ImBitVector
+// Store 1-bit per value.
+struct IMGUI_API ImBitVector
+{
+    ImVector<ImU32> Storage;
+    void            Create(int sz)              { Storage.resize((sz + 31) >> 5); memset(Storage.Data, 0, (size_t)Storage.Size * sizeof(Storage.Data[0])); }
+    void            Clear()                     { Storage.clear(); }
+    bool            TestBit(int n) const        { IM_ASSERT(n < (Storage.Size << 5)); return IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(Storage.Data, n); }
+    void            SetBit(int n)               { IM_ASSERT(n < (Storage.Size << 5)); ImBitArraySetBit(Storage.Data, n); }
+    void            ClearBit(int n)             { IM_ASSERT(n < (Storage.Size << 5)); ImBitArrayClearBit(Storage.Data, n); }
+};
+IM_MSVC_RUNTIME_CHECKS_RESTORE
+
+// Helper: ImSpan<>
+// Pointing to a span of data we don't own.
+template<typename T>
+struct ImSpan
+{
+    T*                  Data;
+    T*                  DataEnd;
+
+    // Constructors, destructor
+    inline ImSpan()                                 { Data = DataEnd = NULL; }
+    inline ImSpan(T* data, int size)                { Data = data; DataEnd = data + size; }
+    inline ImSpan(T* data, T* data_end)             { Data = data; DataEnd = data_end; }
+
+    inline void         set(T* data, int size)      { Data = data; DataEnd = data + size; }
+    inline void         set(T* data, T* data_end)   { Data = data; DataEnd = data_end; }
+    inline int          size() const                { return (int)(ptrdiff_t)(DataEnd - Data); }
+    inline int          size_in_bytes() const       { return (int)(ptrdiff_t)(DataEnd - Data) * (int)sizeof(T); }
+    inline T&           operator[](int i)           { T* p = Data + i; IM_ASSERT(p >= Data && p < DataEnd); return *p; }
+    inline const T&     operator[](int i) const     { const T* p = Data + i; IM_ASSERT(p >= Data && p < DataEnd); return *p; }
+
+    inline T*           begin()                     { return Data; }
+    inline const T*     begin() const               { return Data; }
+    inline T*           end()                       { return DataEnd; }
+    inline const T*     end() const                 { return DataEnd; }
+
+    // Utilities
+    inline int  index_from_ptr(const T* it) const   { IM_ASSERT(it >= Data && it < DataEnd); const ptrdiff_t off = it - Data; return (int)off; }
+};
+
+// Helper: ImSpanAllocator<>
+// Facilitate storing multiple chunks into a single large block (the "arena")
+// - Usage: call Reserve() N times, allocate GetArenaSizeInBytes() worth, pass it to SetArenaBasePtr(), call GetSpan() N times to retrieve the aligned ranges.
+template<int CHUNKS>
+struct ImSpanAllocator
+{
+    char*   BasePtr;
+    int     CurrOff;
+    int     CurrIdx;
+    int     Offsets[CHUNKS];
+    int     Sizes[CHUNKS];
+
+    ImSpanAllocator()                               { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    inline void  Reserve(int n, size_t sz, int a=4) { IM_ASSERT(n == CurrIdx && n < CHUNKS); CurrOff = IM_MEMALIGN(CurrOff, a); Offsets[n] = CurrOff; Sizes[n] = (int)sz; CurrIdx++; CurrOff += (int)sz; }
+    inline int   GetArenaSizeInBytes()              { return CurrOff; }
+    inline void  SetArenaBasePtr(void* base_ptr)    { BasePtr = (char*)base_ptr; }
+    inline void* GetSpanPtrBegin(int n)             { IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < CHUNKS && CurrIdx == CHUNKS); return (void*)(BasePtr + Offsets[n]); }
+    inline void* GetSpanPtrEnd(int n)               { IM_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n < CHUNKS && CurrIdx == CHUNKS); return (void*)(BasePtr + Offsets[n] + Sizes[n]); }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline void  GetSpan(int n, ImSpan<T>* span)    { span->set((T*)GetSpanPtrBegin(n), (T*)GetSpanPtrEnd(n)); }
+};
+
+// Helper: ImPool<>
+// Basic keyed storage for contiguous instances, slow/amortized insertion, O(1) indexable, O(Log N) queries by ID over a dense/hot buffer,
+// Honor constructor/destructor. Add/remove invalidate all pointers. Indexes have the same lifetime as the associated object.
+typedef int ImPoolIdx;
+template<typename T>
+struct ImPool
+{
+    ImVector<T>     Buf;        // Contiguous data
+    ImGuiStorage    Map;        // ID->Index
+    ImPoolIdx       FreeIdx;    // Next free idx to use
+    ImPoolIdx       AliveCount; // Number of active/alive items (for display purpose)
+
+    ImPool()    { FreeIdx = AliveCount = 0; }
+    ~ImPool()   { Clear(); }
+    T*          GetByKey(ImGuiID key)               { int idx = Map.GetInt(key, -1); return (idx != -1) ? &Buf[idx] : NULL; }
+    T*          GetByIndex(ImPoolIdx n)             { return &Buf[n]; }
+    ImPoolIdx   GetIndex(const T* p) const          { IM_ASSERT(p >= Buf.Data && p < Buf.Data + Buf.Size); return (ImPoolIdx)(p - Buf.Data); }
+    T*          GetOrAddByKey(ImGuiID key)          { int* p_idx = Map.GetIntRef(key, -1); if (*p_idx != -1) return &Buf[*p_idx]; *p_idx = FreeIdx; return Add(); }
+    bool        Contains(const T* p) const          { return (p >= Buf.Data && p < Buf.Data + Buf.Size); }
+    void        Clear()                             { for (int n = 0; n < Map.Data.Size; n++) { int idx = Map.Data[n].val_i; if (idx != -1) Buf[idx].~T(); } Map.Clear(); Buf.clear(); FreeIdx = AliveCount = 0; }
+    T*          Add()                               { int idx = FreeIdx; if (idx == Buf.Size) { Buf.resize(Buf.Size + 1); FreeIdx++; } else { FreeIdx = *(int*)&Buf[idx]; } IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(&Buf[idx]) T(); AliveCount++; return &Buf[idx]; }
+    void        Remove(ImGuiID key, const T* p)     { Remove(key, GetIndex(p)); }
+    void        Remove(ImGuiID key, ImPoolIdx idx)  { Buf[idx].~T(); *(int*)&Buf[idx] = FreeIdx; FreeIdx = idx; Map.SetInt(key, -1); AliveCount--; }
+    void        Reserve(int capacity)               { Buf.reserve(capacity); Map.Data.reserve(capacity); }
+
+    // To iterate a ImPool: for (int n = 0; n < pool.GetMapSize(); n++) if (T* t = pool.TryGetMapData(n)) { ... }
+    // Can be avoided if you know .Remove() has never been called on the pool, or AliveCount == GetMapSize()
+    int         GetAliveCount() const               { return AliveCount; }      // Number of active/alive items in the pool (for display purpose)
+    int         GetBufSize() const                  { return Buf.Size; }
+    int         GetMapSize() const                  { return Map.Data.Size; }   // It is the map we need iterate to find valid items, since we don't have "alive" storage anywhere
+    T*          TryGetMapData(ImPoolIdx n)          { int idx = Map.Data[n].val_i; if (idx == -1) return NULL; return GetByIndex(idx); }
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    int         GetSize()                           { return GetMapSize(); } // For ImPlot: should use GetMapSize() from (IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18304)
+#endif
+};
+
+// Helper: ImChunkStream<>
+// Build and iterate a contiguous stream of variable-sized structures.
+// This is used by Settings to store persistent data while reducing allocation count.
+// We store the chunk size first, and align the final size on 4 bytes boundaries.
+// The tedious/zealous amount of casting is to avoid -Wcast-align warnings.
+template<typename T>
+struct ImChunkStream
+{
+    ImVector<char>  Buf;
+
+    void    clear()                     { Buf.clear(); }
+    bool    empty() const               { return Buf.Size == 0; }
+    int     size() const                { return Buf.Size; }
+    T*      alloc_chunk(size_t sz)      { size_t HDR_SZ = 4; sz = IM_MEMALIGN(HDR_SZ + sz, 4u); int off = Buf.Size; Buf.resize(off + (int)sz); ((int*)(void*)(Buf.Data + off))[0] = (int)sz; return (T*)(void*)(Buf.Data + off + (int)HDR_SZ); }
+    T*      begin()                     { size_t HDR_SZ = 4; if (!Buf.Data) return NULL; return (T*)(void*)(Buf.Data + HDR_SZ); }
+    T*      next_chunk(T* p)            { size_t HDR_SZ = 4; IM_ASSERT(p >= begin() && p < end()); p = (T*)(void*)((char*)(void*)p + chunk_size(p)); if (p == (T*)(void*)((char*)end() + HDR_SZ)) return (T*)0; IM_ASSERT(p < end()); return p; }
+    int     chunk_size(const T* p)      { return ((const int*)p)[-1]; }
+    T*      end()                       { return (T*)(void*)(Buf.Data + Buf.Size); }
+    int     offset_from_ptr(const T* p) { IM_ASSERT(p >= begin() && p < end()); const ptrdiff_t off = (const char*)p - Buf.Data; return (int)off; }
+    T*      ptr_from_offset(int off)    { IM_ASSERT(off >= 4 && off < Buf.Size); return (T*)(void*)(Buf.Data + off); }
+    void    swap(ImChunkStream<T>& rhs) { rhs.Buf.swap(Buf); }
+
+};
+
+// Helper: ImGuiTextIndex<>
+// Maintain a line index for a text buffer. This is a strong candidate to be moved into the public API.
+struct ImGuiTextIndex
+{
+    ImVector<int>   LineOffsets;
+    int             EndOffset = 0;                          // Because we don't own text buffer we need to maintain EndOffset (may bake in LineOffsets?)
+
+    void            clear()                                 { LineOffsets.clear(); EndOffset = 0; }
+    int             size()                                  { return LineOffsets.Size; }
+    const char*     get_line_begin(const char* base, int n) { return base + LineOffsets[n]; }
+    const char*     get_line_end(const char* base, int n)   { return base + (n + 1 < LineOffsets.Size ? (LineOffsets[n + 1] - 1) : EndOffset); }
+    void            append(const char* base, int old_size, int new_size);
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImDrawList support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ImDrawList: Helper function to calculate a circle's segment count given its radius and a "maximum error" value.
+// Estimation of number of circle segment based on error is derived using method described in https://stackoverflow.com/a/2244088/15194693
+// Number of segments (N) is calculated using equation:
+//   N = ceil ( pi / acos(1 - error / r) )     where r > 0, error <= r
+// Our equation is significantly simpler that one in the post thanks for choosing segment that is
+// perpendicular to X axis. Follow steps in the article from this starting condition and you will
+// will get this result.
+//
+// Rendering circles with an odd number of segments, while mathematically correct will produce
+// asymmetrical results on the raster grid. Therefore we're rounding N to next even number (7->8, 8->8, 9->10 etc.)
+#define IM_ROUNDUP_TO_EVEN(_V)                                  ((((_V) + 1) / 2) * 2)
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_MIN                     4
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_MAX                     512
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC(_RAD,_MAXERROR)    ImClamp(IM_ROUNDUP_TO_EVEN((int)ImCeil(IM_PI / ImAcos(1 - ImMin((_MAXERROR), (_RAD)) / (_RAD)))), IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_MIN, IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_MAX)
+
+// Raw equation from IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC rewritten for 'r' and 'error'.
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC_R(_N,_MAXERROR)    ((_MAXERROR) / (1 - ImCos(IM_PI / ImMax((float)(_N), IM_PI))))
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_CIRCLE_AUTO_SEGMENT_CALC_ERROR(_N,_RAD)     ((1 - ImCos(IM_PI / ImMax((float)(_N), IM_PI))) / (_RAD))
+
+// ImDrawList: Lookup table size for adaptive arc drawing, cover full circle.
+#ifndef IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_TABLE_SIZE
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_TABLE_SIZE                          48 // Number of samples in lookup table.
+#endif
+#define IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_SAMPLE_MAX                          IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_TABLE_SIZE // Sample index _PathArcToFastEx() for 360 angle.
+
+// Data shared between all ImDrawList instances
+// You may want to create your own instance of this if you want to use ImDrawList completely without ImGui. In that case, watch out for future changes to this structure.
+struct IMGUI_API ImDrawListSharedData
+{
+    ImVec2          TexUvWhitePixel;            // UV of white pixel in the atlas
+    ImFont*         Font;                       // Current/default font (optional, for simplified AddText overload)
+    float           FontSize;                   // Current/default font size (optional, for simplified AddText overload)
+    float           CurveTessellationTol;       // Tessellation tolerance when using PathBezierCurveTo()
+    float           CircleSegmentMaxError;      // Number of circle segments to use per pixel of radius for AddCircle() etc
+    ImVec4          ClipRectFullscreen;         // Value for PushClipRectFullscreen()
+    ImDrawListFlags InitialFlags;               // Initial flags at the beginning of the frame (it is possible to alter flags on a per-drawlist basis afterwards)
+
+    // [Internal] Temp write buffer
+    ImVector<ImVec2> TempBuffer;
+
+    // [Internal] Lookup tables
+    ImVec2          ArcFastVtx[IM_DRAWLIST_ARCFAST_TABLE_SIZE]; // Sample points on the quarter of the circle.
+    float           ArcFastRadiusCutoff;                        // Cutoff radius after which arc drawing will fallback to slower PathArcTo()
+    ImU8            CircleSegmentCounts[64];    // Precomputed segment count for given radius before we calculate it dynamically (to avoid calculation overhead)
+    const ImVec4*   TexUvLines;                 // UV of anti-aliased lines in the atlas
+
+    ImDrawListSharedData();
+    void SetCircleTessellationMaxError(float max_error);
+};
+
+struct ImDrawDataBuilder
+{
+    ImVector<ImDrawList*>   Layers[2];           // Global layers for: regular, tooltip
+
+    void Clear()                    { for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(Layers); n++) Layers[n].resize(0); }
+    void ClearFreeMemory()          { for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(Layers); n++) Layers[n].clear(); }
+    int  GetDrawListCount() const   { int count = 0; for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(Layers); n++) count += Layers[n].Size; return count; }
+    IMGUI_API void FlattenIntoSingleLayer();
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets support: flags, enums, data structures
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Flags used by upcoming items
+// - input: PushItemFlag() manipulates g.CurrentItemFlags, ItemAdd() calls may add extra flags.
+// - output: stored in g.LastItemData.InFlags
+// Current window shared by all windows.
+// This is going to be exposed in imgui.h when stabilized enough.
+enum ImGuiItemFlags_
+{
+    // Controlled by user
+    ImGuiItemFlags_None                     = 0,
+    ImGuiItemFlags_NoTabStop                = 1 << 0,  // false     // Disable keyboard tabbing. This is a "lighter" version of ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav.
+    ImGuiItemFlags_ButtonRepeat             = 1 << 1,  // false     // Button() will return true multiple times based on io.KeyRepeatDelay and io.KeyRepeatRate settings.
+    ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled                 = 1 << 2,  // false     // Disable interactions but doesn't affect visuals. See BeginDisabled()/EndDisabled(). See github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/211
+    ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav                    = 1 << 3,  // false     // Disable any form of focusing (keyboard/gamepad directional navigation and SetKeyboardFocusHere() calls)
+    ImGuiItemFlags_NoNavDefaultFocus        = 1 << 4,  // false     // Disable item being a candidate for default focus (e.g. used by title bar items)
+    ImGuiItemFlags_SelectableDontClosePopup = 1 << 5,  // false     // Disable MenuItem/Selectable() automatically closing their popup window
+    ImGuiItemFlags_MixedValue               = 1 << 6,  // false     // [BETA] Represent a mixed/indeterminate value, generally multi-selection where values differ. Currently only supported by Checkbox() (later should support all sorts of widgets)
+    ImGuiItemFlags_ReadOnly                 = 1 << 7,  // false     // [ALPHA] Allow hovering interactions but underlying value is not changed.
+    ImGuiItemFlags_NoWindowHoverableCheck   = 1 << 8,  // false     // Disable hoverable check in ItemHoverable()
+
+    // Controlled by widget code
+    ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable                = 1 << 10, // false     // [WIP] Auto-activate input mode when tab focused. Currently only used and supported by a few items before it becomes a generic feature.
+};
+
+// Status flags for an already submitted item
+// - output: stored in g.LastItemData.StatusFlags
+enum ImGuiItemStatusFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_None               = 0,
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect        = 1 << 0,   // Mouse position is within item rectangle (does NOT mean that the window is in correct z-order and can be hovered!, this is only one part of the most-common IsItemHovered test)
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDisplayRect     = 1 << 1,   // g.LastItemData.DisplayRect is valid
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Edited             = 1 << 2,   // Value exposed by item was edited in the current frame (should match the bool return value of most widgets)
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_ToggledSelection   = 1 << 3,   // Set when Selectable(), TreeNode() reports toggling a selection. We can't report "Selected", only state changes, in order to easily handle clipping with less issues.
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_ToggledOpen        = 1 << 4,   // Set when TreeNode() reports toggling their open state.
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDeactivated     = 1 << 5,   // Set if the widget/group is able to provide data for the ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Deactivated flag.
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Deactivated        = 1 << 6,   // Only valid if ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDeactivated is set.
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow      = 1 << 7,   // Override the HoveredWindow test to allow cross-window hover testing.
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_FocusedByTabbing   = 1 << 8,   // Set when the Focusable item just got focused by Tabbing (FIXME: to be removed soon)
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Visible            = 1 << 9,   // [WIP] Set when item is overlapping the current clipping rectangle (Used internally. Please don't use yet: API/system will change as we refactor Itemadd()).
+
+    // Additional status + semantic for ImGuiTestEngine
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Openable           = 1 << 20,  // Item is an openable (e.g. TreeNode)
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Opened             = 1 << 21,  // Opened status
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checkable          = 1 << 22,  // Item is a checkable (e.g. CheckBox, MenuItem)
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checked            = 1 << 23,  // Checked status
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Inputable          = 1 << 24,  // Item is a text-inputable (e.g. InputText, SliderXXX, DragXXX)
+#endif
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiInputTextFlags_
+enum ImGuiInputTextFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    // [Internal]
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_Multiline           = 1 << 26,  // For internal use by InputTextMultiline()
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoMarkEdited        = 1 << 27,  // For internal use by functions using InputText() before reformatting data
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags_MergedItem          = 1 << 28,  // For internal use by TempInputText(), will skip calling ItemAdd(). Require bounding-box to strictly match.
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiButtonFlags_
+enum ImGuiButtonFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick         = 1 << 4,   // return true on click (mouse down event)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease  = 1 << 5,   // [Default] return true on click + release on same item <-- this is what the majority of Button are using
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickReleaseAnywhere = 1 << 6, // return true on click + release even if the release event is not done while hovering the item
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnRelease       = 1 << 7,   // return true on release (default requires click+release)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick   = 1 << 8,   // return true on double-click (default requires click+release)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDragDropHold  = 1 << 9,   // return true when held into while we are drag and dropping another item (used by e.g. tree nodes, collapsing headers)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat                 = 1 << 10,  // hold to repeat
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren        = 1 << 11,  // allow interactions even if a child window is overlapping
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap       = 1 << 12,  // require previous frame HoveredId to either match id or be null before being usable, use along with SetItemAllowOverlap()
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_DontClosePopups        = 1 << 13,  // disable automatically closing parent popup on press // [UNUSED]
+    //ImGuiButtonFlags_Disabled             = 1 << 14,  // disable interactions -> use BeginDisabled() or ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_AlignTextBaseLine      = 1 << 15,  // vertically align button to match text baseline - ButtonEx() only // FIXME: Should be removed and handled by SmallButton(), not possible currently because of DC.CursorPosPrevLine
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_NoKeyModifiers         = 1 << 16,  // disable mouse interaction if a key modifier is held
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_NoHoldingActiveId      = 1 << 17,  // don't set ActiveId while holding the mouse (ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick only)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus             = 1 << 18,  // don't override navigation focus when activated (FIXME: this is essentially used everytime an item uses ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav, but because legacy specs don't requires LastItemData to be set ButtonBehavior(), we can't poll g.LastItemData.InFlags)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_NoHoveredOnFocus       = 1 << 19,  // don't report as hovered when nav focus is on this item
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_NoSetKeyOwner          = 1 << 20,  // don't set key/input owner on the initial click (note: mouse buttons are keys! often, the key in question will be ImGuiKey_MouseLeft!)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_NoTestKeyOwner         = 1 << 21,  // don't test key/input owner when polling the key (note: mouse buttons are keys! often, the key in question will be ImGuiKey_MouseLeft!)
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnMask_         = ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickReleaseAnywhere | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnRelease | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDragDropHold,
+    ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDefault_      = ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease,
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiComboFlags_
+enum ImGuiComboFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    ImGuiComboFlags_CustomPreview           = 1 << 20,  // enable BeginComboPreview()
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiSliderFlags_
+enum ImGuiSliderFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_Vertical               = 1 << 20,  // Should this slider be orientated vertically?
+    ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly               = 1 << 21,
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiSelectableFlags_
+enum ImGuiSelectableFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    // NB: need to be in sync with last value of ImGuiSelectableFlags_
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoHoldingActiveID      = 1 << 20,
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnNav            = 1 << 21,  // (WIP) Auto-select when moved into. This is not exposed in public API as to handle multi-select and modifiers we will need user to explicitly control focus scope. May be replaced with a BeginSelection() API.
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnClick          = 1 << 22,  // Override button behavior to react on Click (default is Click+Release)
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnRelease        = 1 << 23,  // Override button behavior to react on Release (default is Click+Release)
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAvailWidth         = 1 << 24,  // Span all avail width even if we declared less for layout purpose. FIXME: We may be able to remove this (added in 6251d379, 2bcafc86 for menus)
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_SetNavIdOnHover        = 1 << 25,  // Set Nav/Focus ID on mouse hover (used by MenuItem)
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoPadWithHalfSpacing   = 1 << 26,  // Disable padding each side with ItemSpacing * 0.5f
+    ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoSetKeyOwner          = 1 << 27,  // Don't set key/input owner on the initial click (note: mouse buttons are keys! often, the key in question will be ImGuiKey_MouseLeft!)
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_
+enum ImGuiTreeNodeFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_ClipLabelForTrailingButton = 1 << 20,
+};
+
+enum ImGuiSeparatorFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiSeparatorFlags_None                    = 0,
+    ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Horizontal              = 1 << 0,   // Axis default to current layout type, so generally Horizontal unless e.g. in a menu bar
+    ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Vertical                = 1 << 1,
+    ImGuiSeparatorFlags_SpanAllColumns          = 1 << 2,
+};
+
+enum ImGuiTextFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiTextFlags_None                         = 0,
+    ImGuiTextFlags_NoWidthForLargeClippedText   = 1 << 0,
+};
+
+enum ImGuiTooltipFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiTooltipFlags_None                      = 0,
+    ImGuiTooltipFlags_OverridePreviousTooltip   = 1 << 0,   // Override will clear/ignore previously submitted tooltip (defaults to append)
+};
+
+// FIXME: this is in development, not exposed/functional as a generic feature yet.
+// Horizontal/Vertical enums are fixed to 0/1 so they may be used to index ImVec2
+enum ImGuiLayoutType_
+{
+    ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal = 0,
+    ImGuiLayoutType_Vertical = 1
+};
+
+enum ImGuiLogType
+{
+    ImGuiLogType_None = 0,
+    ImGuiLogType_TTY,
+    ImGuiLogType_File,
+    ImGuiLogType_Buffer,
+    ImGuiLogType_Clipboard,
+};
+
+// X/Y enums are fixed to 0/1 so they may be used to index ImVec2
+enum ImGuiAxis
+{
+    ImGuiAxis_None = -1,
+    ImGuiAxis_X = 0,
+    ImGuiAxis_Y = 1
+};
+
+enum ImGuiPlotType
+{
+    ImGuiPlotType_Lines,
+    ImGuiPlotType_Histogram,
+};
+
+enum ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy
+{
+    ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Default,
+    ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_ComboBox,
+    ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_Tooltip,
+};
+
+struct ImGuiDataVarInfo
+{
+    ImGuiDataType   Type;
+    ImU32           Count;      // 1+
+    ImU32           Offset;     // Offset in parent structure
+    void* GetVarPtr(void* parent) const { return (void*)((unsigned char*)parent + Offset); }
+};
+
+struct ImGuiDataTypeTempStorage
+{
+    ImU8        Data[8];        // Can fit any data up to ImGuiDataType_COUNT
+};
+
+// Type information associated to one ImGuiDataType. Retrieve with DataTypeGetInfo().
+struct ImGuiDataTypeInfo
+{
+    size_t      Size;           // Size in bytes
+    const char* Name;           // Short descriptive name for the type, for debugging
+    const char* PrintFmt;       // Default printf format for the type
+    const char* ScanFmt;        // Default scanf format for the type
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiDataType_
+enum ImGuiDataTypePrivate_
+{
+    ImGuiDataType_String = ImGuiDataType_COUNT + 1,
+    ImGuiDataType_Pointer,
+    ImGuiDataType_ID,
+};
+
+// Stacked color modifier, backup of modified data so we can restore it
+struct ImGuiColorMod
+{
+    ImGuiCol        Col;
+    ImVec4          BackupValue;
+};
+
+// Stacked style modifier, backup of modified data so we can restore it. Data type inferred from the variable.
+struct ImGuiStyleMod
+{
+    ImGuiStyleVar   VarIdx;
+    union           { int BackupInt[2]; float BackupFloat[2]; };
+    ImGuiStyleMod(ImGuiStyleVar idx, int v)     { VarIdx = idx; BackupInt[0] = v; }
+    ImGuiStyleMod(ImGuiStyleVar idx, float v)   { VarIdx = idx; BackupFloat[0] = v; }
+    ImGuiStyleMod(ImGuiStyleVar idx, ImVec2 v)  { VarIdx = idx; BackupFloat[0] = v.x; BackupFloat[1] = v.y; }
+};
+
+// Storage data for BeginComboPreview()/EndComboPreview()
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiComboPreviewData
+{
+    ImRect          PreviewRect;
+    ImVec2          BackupCursorPos;
+    ImVec2          BackupCursorMaxPos;
+    ImVec2          BackupCursorPosPrevLine;
+    float           BackupPrevLineTextBaseOffset;
+    ImGuiLayoutType BackupLayout;
+
+    ImGuiComboPreviewData() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+// Stacked storage data for BeginGroup()/EndGroup()
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiGroupData
+{
+    ImGuiID     WindowID;
+    ImVec2      BackupCursorPos;
+    ImVec2      BackupCursorMaxPos;
+    ImVec1      BackupIndent;
+    ImVec1      BackupGroupOffset;
+    ImVec2      BackupCurrLineSize;
+    float       BackupCurrLineTextBaseOffset;
+    ImGuiID     BackupActiveIdIsAlive;
+    bool        BackupActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive;
+    bool        BackupHoveredIdIsAlive;
+    bool        EmitItem;
+};
+
+// Simple column measurement, currently used for MenuItem() only.. This is very short-sighted/throw-away code and NOT a generic helper.
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiMenuColumns
+{
+    ImU32       TotalWidth;
+    ImU32       NextTotalWidth;
+    ImU16       Spacing;
+    ImU16       OffsetIcon;         // Always zero for now
+    ImU16       OffsetLabel;        // Offsets are locked in Update()
+    ImU16       OffsetShortcut;
+    ImU16       OffsetMark;
+    ImU16       Widths[4];          // Width of:   Icon, Label, Shortcut, Mark  (accumulators for current frame)
+
+    ImGuiMenuColumns() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    void        Update(float spacing, bool window_reappearing);
+    float       DeclColumns(float w_icon, float w_label, float w_shortcut, float w_mark);
+    void        CalcNextTotalWidth(bool update_offsets);
+};
+
+// Internal temporary state for deactivating InputText() instances.
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiInputTextDeactivatedState
+{
+    ImGuiID            ID;              // widget id owning the text state (which just got deactivated)
+    ImVector<char>     TextA;           // text buffer
+
+    ImGuiInputTextDeactivatedState()    { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    void    ClearFreeMemory()           { ID = 0; TextA.clear(); }
+};
+// Internal state of the currently focused/edited text input box
+// For a given item ID, access with ImGui::GetInputTextState()
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiInputTextState
+{
+    ImGuiContext*           Ctx;                    // parent UI context (needs to be set explicitly by parent).
+    ImGuiID                 ID;                     // widget id owning the text state
+    int                     CurLenW, CurLenA;       // we need to maintain our buffer length in both UTF-8 and wchar format. UTF-8 length is valid even if TextA is not.
+    ImVector<ImWchar>       TextW;                  // edit buffer, we need to persist but can't guarantee the persistence of the user-provided buffer. so we copy into own buffer.
+    ImVector<char>          TextA;                  // temporary UTF8 buffer for callbacks and other operations. this is not updated in every code-path! size=capacity.
+    ImVector<char>          InitialTextA;           // backup of end-user buffer at the time of focus (in UTF-8, unaltered)
+    bool                    TextAIsValid;           // temporary UTF8 buffer is not initially valid before we make the widget active (until then we pull the data from user argument)
+    int                     BufCapacityA;           // end-user buffer capacity
+    float                   ScrollX;                // horizontal scrolling/offset
+    ImStb::STB_TexteditState Stb;                   // state for stb_textedit.h
+    float                   CursorAnim;             // timer for cursor blink, reset on every user action so the cursor reappears immediately
+    bool                    CursorFollow;           // set when we want scrolling to follow the current cursor position (not always!)
+    bool                    SelectedAllMouseLock;   // after a double-click to select all, we ignore further mouse drags to update selection
+    bool                    Edited;                 // edited this frame
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags     Flags;                  // copy of InputText() flags. may be used to check if e.g. ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password is set.
+
+    ImGuiInputTextState()                   { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    void        ClearText()                 { CurLenW = CurLenA = 0; TextW[0] = 0; TextA[0] = 0; CursorClamp(); }
+    void        ClearFreeMemory()           { TextW.clear(); TextA.clear(); InitialTextA.clear(); }
+    int         GetUndoAvailCount() const   { return Stb.undostate.undo_point; }
+    int         GetRedoAvailCount() const   { return STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT - Stb.undostate.redo_point; }
+    void        OnKeyPressed(int key);      // Cannot be inline because we call in code in stb_textedit.h implementation
+
+    // Cursor & Selection
+    void        CursorAnimReset()           { CursorAnim = -0.30f; }                                   // After a user-input the cursor stays on for a while without blinking
+    void        CursorClamp()               { Stb.cursor = ImMin(Stb.cursor, CurLenW); Stb.select_start = ImMin(Stb.select_start, CurLenW); Stb.select_end = ImMin(Stb.select_end, CurLenW); }
+    bool        HasSelection() const        { return Stb.select_start != Stb.select_end; }
+    void        ClearSelection()            { Stb.select_start = Stb.select_end = Stb.cursor; }
+    int         GetCursorPos() const        { return Stb.cursor; }
+    int         GetSelectionStart() const   { return Stb.select_start; }
+    int         GetSelectionEnd() const     { return Stb.select_end; }
+    void        SelectAll()                 { Stb.select_start = 0; Stb.cursor = Stb.select_end = CurLenW; Stb.has_preferred_x = 0; }
+};
+
+// Storage for current popup stack
+struct ImGuiPopupData
+{
+    ImGuiID             PopupId;        // Set on OpenPopup()
+    ImGuiWindow*        Window;         // Resolved on BeginPopup() - may stay unresolved if user never calls OpenPopup()
+    ImGuiWindow*        BackupNavWindow;// Set on OpenPopup(), a NavWindow that will be restored on popup close
+    int                 ParentNavLayer; // Resolved on BeginPopup(). Actually a ImGuiNavLayer type (declared down below), initialized to -1 which is not part of an enum, but serves well-enough as "not any of layers" value
+    int                 OpenFrameCount; // Set on OpenPopup()
+    ImGuiID             OpenParentId;   // Set on OpenPopup(), we need this to differentiate multiple menu sets from each others (e.g. inside menu bar vs loose menu items)
+    ImVec2              OpenPopupPos;   // Set on OpenPopup(), preferred popup position (typically == OpenMousePos when using mouse)
+    ImVec2              OpenMousePos;   // Set on OpenPopup(), copy of mouse position at the time of opening popup
+
+    ImGuiPopupData()    { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); ParentNavLayer = OpenFrameCount = -1; }
+};
+
+enum ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_None               = 0,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasPos             = 1 << 0,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSize            = 1 << 1,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasContentSize     = 1 << 2,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasCollapsed       = 1 << 3,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSizeConstraint  = 1 << 4,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasFocus           = 1 << 5,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasBgAlpha         = 1 << 6,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasScroll          = 1 << 7,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasViewport        = 1 << 8,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasDock            = 1 << 9,
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasWindowClass     = 1 << 10,
+};
+
+// Storage for SetNexWindow** functions
+struct ImGuiNextWindowData
+{
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags    Flags;
+    ImGuiCond                   PosCond;
+    ImGuiCond                   SizeCond;
+    ImGuiCond                   CollapsedCond;
+    ImGuiCond                   DockCond;
+    ImVec2                      PosVal;
+    ImVec2                      PosPivotVal;
+    ImVec2                      SizeVal;
+    ImVec2                      ContentSizeVal;
+    ImVec2                      ScrollVal;
+    bool                        PosUndock;
+    bool                        CollapsedVal;
+    ImRect                      SizeConstraintRect;
+    ImGuiSizeCallback           SizeCallback;
+    void*                       SizeCallbackUserData;
+    float                       BgAlphaVal;             // Override background alpha
+    ImGuiID                     ViewportId;
+    ImGuiID                     DockId;
+    ImGuiWindowClass            WindowClass;
+    ImVec2                      MenuBarOffsetMinVal;    // (Always on) This is not exposed publicly, so we don't clear it and it doesn't have a corresponding flag (could we? for consistency?)
+
+    ImGuiNextWindowData()       { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    inline void ClearFlags()    { Flags = ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_None; }
+};
+
+enum ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_None     = 0,
+    ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasWidth = 1 << 0,
+    ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasOpen  = 1 << 1,
+};
+
+struct ImGuiNextItemData
+{
+    ImGuiNextItemDataFlags      Flags;
+    float                       Width;          // Set by SetNextItemWidth()
+    ImGuiID                     FocusScopeId;   // Set by SetNextItemMultiSelectData() (!= 0 signify value has been set, so it's an alternate version of HasSelectionData, we don't use Flags for this because they are cleared too early. This is mostly used for debugging)
+    ImGuiCond                   OpenCond;
+    bool                        OpenVal;        // Set by SetNextItemOpen()
+
+    ImGuiNextItemData()         { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    inline void ClearFlags()    { Flags = ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_None; } // Also cleared manually by ItemAdd()!
+};
+
+// Status storage for the last submitted item
+struct ImGuiLastItemData
+{
+    ImGuiID                 ID;
+    ImGuiItemFlags          InFlags;            // See ImGuiItemFlags_
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags    StatusFlags;        // See ImGuiItemStatusFlags_
+    ImRect                  Rect;               // Full rectangle
+    ImRect                  NavRect;            // Navigation scoring rectangle (not displayed)
+    ImRect                  DisplayRect;        // Display rectangle (only if ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDisplayRect is set)
+
+    ImGuiLastItemData()     { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiStackSizes
+{
+    short   SizeOfIDStack;
+    short   SizeOfColorStack;
+    short   SizeOfStyleVarStack;
+    short   SizeOfFontStack;
+    short   SizeOfFocusScopeStack;
+    short   SizeOfGroupStack;
+    short   SizeOfItemFlagsStack;
+    short   SizeOfBeginPopupStack;
+    short   SizeOfDisabledStack;
+
+    ImGuiStackSizes() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    void SetToContextState(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    void CompareWithContextState(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+};
+
+// Data saved for each window pushed into the stack
+struct ImGuiWindowStackData
+{
+    ImGuiWindow*            Window;
+    ImGuiLastItemData       ParentLastItemDataBackup;
+    ImGuiStackSizes         StackSizesOnBegin;      // Store size of various stacks for asserting
+};
+
+struct ImGuiShrinkWidthItem
+{
+    int         Index;
+    float       Width;
+    float       InitialWidth;
+};
+
+struct ImGuiPtrOrIndex
+{
+    void*       Ptr;            // Either field can be set, not both. e.g. Dock node tab bars are loose while BeginTabBar() ones are in a pool.
+    int         Index;          // Usually index in a main pool.
+
+    ImGuiPtrOrIndex(void* ptr)  { Ptr = ptr; Index = -1; }
+    ImGuiPtrOrIndex(int index)  { Ptr = NULL; Index = index; }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Inputs support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Bit array for named keys
+typedef ImBitArray<ImGuiKey_NamedKey_COUNT, -ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN>    ImBitArrayForNamedKeys;
+
+// [Internal] Key ranges
+#define ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_BEGIN  0
+#define ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_END    512
+#define ImGuiKey_Keyboard_BEGIN         (ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN)
+#define ImGuiKey_Keyboard_END           (ImGuiKey_GamepadStart)
+#define ImGuiKey_Gamepad_BEGIN          (ImGuiKey_GamepadStart)
+#define ImGuiKey_Gamepad_END            (ImGuiKey_GamepadRStickDown + 1)
+#define ImGuiKey_Mouse_BEGIN            (ImGuiKey_MouseLeft)
+#define ImGuiKey_Mouse_END              (ImGuiKey_MouseWheelY + 1)
+#define ImGuiKey_Aliases_BEGIN          (ImGuiKey_Mouse_BEGIN)
+#define ImGuiKey_Aliases_END            (ImGuiKey_Mouse_END)
+
+// [Internal] Named shortcuts for Navigation
+#define ImGuiKey_NavKeyboardTweakSlow   ImGuiMod_Ctrl
+#define ImGuiKey_NavKeyboardTweakFast   ImGuiMod_Shift
+#define ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakSlow    ImGuiKey_GamepadL1
+#define ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakFast    ImGuiKey_GamepadR1
+#define ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate     ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceDown
+#define ImGuiKey_NavGamepadCancel       ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceRight
+#define ImGuiKey_NavGamepadMenu         ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceLeft
+#define ImGuiKey_NavGamepadInput        ImGuiKey_GamepadFaceUp
+
+enum ImGuiInputEventType
+{
+    ImGuiInputEventType_None = 0,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_MousePos,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_MouseWheel,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_MouseButton,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_MouseViewport,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_Key,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_Text,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_Focus,
+    ImGuiInputEventType_COUNT
+};
+
+enum ImGuiInputSource
+{
+    ImGuiInputSource_None = 0,
+    ImGuiInputSource_Mouse,         // Note: may be Mouse or TouchScreen or Pen. See io.MouseSource to distinguish them.
+    ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard,
+    ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad,
+    ImGuiInputSource_Clipboard,     // Currently only used by InputText()
+    ImGuiInputSource_COUNT
+};
+
+// FIXME: Structures in the union below need to be declared as anonymous unions appears to be an extension?
+// Using ImVec2() would fail on Clang 'union member 'MousePos' has a non-trivial default constructor'
+struct ImGuiInputEventMousePos      { float PosX, PosY; ImGuiMouseSource MouseSource; };
+struct ImGuiInputEventMouseWheel    { float WheelX, WheelY; ImGuiMouseSource MouseSource; };
+struct ImGuiInputEventMouseButton   { int Button; bool Down; ImGuiMouseSource MouseSource; };
+struct ImGuiInputEventMouseViewport { ImGuiID HoveredViewportID; };
+struct ImGuiInputEventKey           { ImGuiKey Key; bool Down; float AnalogValue; };
+struct ImGuiInputEventText          { unsigned int Char; };
+struct ImGuiInputEventAppFocused    { bool Focused; };
+
+struct ImGuiInputEvent
+{
+    ImGuiInputEventType             Type;
+    ImGuiInputSource                Source;
+    ImU32                           EventId;        // Unique, sequential increasing integer to identify an event (if you need to correlate them to other data).
+    union
+    {
+        ImGuiInputEventMousePos     MousePos;       // if Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MousePos
+        ImGuiInputEventMouseWheel   MouseWheel;     // if Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseWheel
+        ImGuiInputEventMouseButton  MouseButton;    // if Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseButton
+        ImGuiInputEventMouseViewport MouseViewport; // if Type == ImGuiInputEventType_MouseViewport
+        ImGuiInputEventKey          Key;            // if Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Key
+        ImGuiInputEventText         Text;           // if Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Text
+        ImGuiInputEventAppFocused   AppFocused;     // if Type == ImGuiInputEventType_Focus
+    };
+    bool                            AddedByTestEngine;
+
+    ImGuiInputEvent() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+// Input function taking an 'ImGuiID owner_id' argument defaults to (ImGuiKeyOwner_Any == 0) aka don't test ownership, which matches legacy behavior.
+#define ImGuiKeyOwner_Any           ((ImGuiID)0)    // Accept key that have an owner, UNLESS a call to SetKeyOwner() explicitly used ImGuiInputFlags_LockThisFrame or ImGuiInputFlags_LockUntilRelease.
+#define ImGuiKeyOwner_None          ((ImGuiID)-1)   // Require key to have no owner.
+
+typedef ImS16 ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex;
+
+// Routing table entry (sizeof() == 16 bytes)
+struct ImGuiKeyRoutingData
+{
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex            NextEntryIndex;
+    ImU16                           Mods;               // Technically we'd only need 4-bits but for simplify we store ImGuiMod_ values which need 16-bits. ImGuiMod_Shortcut is already translated to Ctrl/Super.
+    ImU8                            RoutingNextScore;   // Lower is better (0: perfect score)
+    ImGuiID                         RoutingCurr;
+    ImGuiID                         RoutingNext;
+
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingData()           { NextEntryIndex = -1; Mods = 0; RoutingNextScore = 255; RoutingCurr = RoutingNext = ImGuiKeyOwner_None; }
+};
+
+// Routing table: maintain a desired owner for each possible key-chord (key + mods), and setup owner in NewFrame() when mods are matching.
+// Stored in main context (1 instance)
+struct ImGuiKeyRoutingTable
+{
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingIndex            Index[ImGuiKey_NamedKey_COUNT]; // Index of first entry in Entries[]
+    ImVector<ImGuiKeyRoutingData>   Entries;
+    ImVector<ImGuiKeyRoutingData>   EntriesNext;                    // Double-buffer to avoid reallocation (could use a shared buffer)
+
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingTable()          { Clear(); }
+    void Clear()                    { for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(Index); n++) Index[n] = -1; Entries.clear(); EntriesNext.clear(); }
+};
+
+// This extends ImGuiKeyData but only for named keys (legacy keys don't support the new features)
+// Stored in main context (1 per named key). In the future it might be merged into ImGuiKeyData.
+struct ImGuiKeyOwnerData
+{
+    ImGuiID     OwnerCurr;
+    ImGuiID     OwnerNext;
+    bool        LockThisFrame;      // Reading this key requires explicit owner id (until end of frame). Set by ImGuiInputFlags_LockThisFrame.
+    bool        LockUntilRelease;   // Reading this key requires explicit owner id (until key is released). Set by ImGuiInputFlags_LockUntilRelease. When this is true LockThisFrame is always true as well.
+
+    ImGuiKeyOwnerData()             { OwnerCurr = OwnerNext = ImGuiKeyOwner_None; LockThisFrame = LockUntilRelease = false; }
+};
+
+// Flags for extended versions of IsKeyPressed(), IsMouseClicked(), Shortcut(), SetKeyOwner(), SetItemKeyOwner()
+// Don't mistake with ImGuiInputTextFlags! (for ImGui::InputText() function)
+enum ImGuiInputFlags_
+{
+    // Flags for IsKeyPressed(), IsMouseClicked(), Shortcut()
+    ImGuiInputFlags_None                = 0,
+    ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat              = 1 << 0,   // Return true on successive repeats. Default for legacy IsKeyPressed(). NOT Default for legacy IsMouseClicked(). MUST BE == 1.
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateDefault   = 1 << 1,   // Repeat rate: Regular (default)
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavMove   = 1 << 2,   // Repeat rate: Fast
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavTweak  = 1 << 3,   // Repeat rate: Faster
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateMask_     = ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateDefault | ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavMove | ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateNavTweak,
+
+    // Flags for SetItemKeyOwner()
+    ImGuiInputFlags_CondHovered         = 1 << 4,   // Only set if item is hovered (default to both)
+    ImGuiInputFlags_CondActive          = 1 << 5,   // Only set if item is active (default to both)
+    ImGuiInputFlags_CondDefault_        = ImGuiInputFlags_CondHovered | ImGuiInputFlags_CondActive,
+    ImGuiInputFlags_CondMask_           = ImGuiInputFlags_CondHovered | ImGuiInputFlags_CondActive,
+
+    // Flags for SetKeyOwner(), SetItemKeyOwner()
+    ImGuiInputFlags_LockThisFrame       = 1 << 6,   // Access to key data will require EXPLICIT owner ID (ImGuiKeyOwner_Any/0 will NOT accepted for polling). Cleared at end of frame. This is useful to make input-owner-aware code steal keys from non-input-owner-aware code.
+    ImGuiInputFlags_LockUntilRelease    = 1 << 7,   // Access to key data will require EXPLICIT owner ID (ImGuiKeyOwner_Any/0 will NOT accepted for polling). Cleared when the key is released or at end of each frame if key is released. This is useful to make input-owner-aware code steal keys from non-input-owner-aware code.
+
+    // Routing policies for Shortcut() + low-level SetShortcutRouting()
+    // - The general idea is that several callers register interest in a shortcut, and only one owner gets it.
+    // - When a policy (other than _RouteAlways) is set, Shortcut() will register itself with SetShortcutRouting(),
+    //   allowing the system to decide where to route the input among other route-aware calls.
+    // - Shortcut() uses ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused by default: meaning that a simple Shortcut() poll
+    //   will register a route and only succeed when parent window is in the focus stack and if no-one
+    //   with a higher priority is claiming the shortcut.
+    // - Using ImGuiInputFlags_RouteAlways is roughly equivalent to doing e.g. IsKeyPressed(key) + testing mods.
+    // - Priorities: GlobalHigh > Focused (when owner is active item) > Global > Focused (when focused window) > GlobalLow.
+    // - Can select only 1 policy among all available.
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused        = 1 << 8,   // (Default) Register focused route: Accept inputs if window is in focus stack. Deep-most focused window takes inputs. ActiveId takes inputs over deep-most focused window.
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalLow      = 1 << 9,   // Register route globally (lowest priority: unless a focused window or active item registered the route) -> recommended Global priority.
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobal         = 1 << 10,  // Register route globally (medium priority: unless an active item registered the route, e.g. CTRL+A registered by InputText).
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalHigh     = 1 << 11,  // Register route globally (highest priority: unlikely you need to use that: will interfere with every active items)
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteMask_          = ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobal | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalLow | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteGlobalHigh, // _Always not part of this!
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteAlways         = 1 << 12,  // Do not register route, poll keys directly.
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteUnlessBgFocused= 1 << 13,  // Global routes will not be applied if underlying background/void is focused (== no Dear ImGui windows are focused). Useful for overlay applications.
+    ImGuiInputFlags_RouteExtraMask_     = ImGuiInputFlags_RouteAlways | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteUnlessBgFocused,
+
+    // [Internal] Mask of which function support which flags
+    ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedByIsKeyPressed     = ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat | ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateMask_,
+    ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedByShortcut         = ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat | ImGuiInputFlags_RepeatRateMask_ | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteMask_ | ImGuiInputFlags_RouteExtraMask_,
+    ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedBySetKeyOwner      = ImGuiInputFlags_LockThisFrame | ImGuiInputFlags_LockUntilRelease,
+    ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedBySetItemKeyOwner  = ImGuiInputFlags_SupportedBySetKeyOwner | ImGuiInputFlags_CondMask_,
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Clipper support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ImGuiListClipperRange
+{
+    int     Min;
+    int     Max;
+    bool    PosToIndexConvert;      // Begin/End are absolute position (will be converted to indices later)
+    ImS8    PosToIndexOffsetMin;    // Add to Min after converting to indices
+    ImS8    PosToIndexOffsetMax;    // Add to Min after converting to indices
+
+    static ImGuiListClipperRange    FromIndices(int min, int max)                               { ImGuiListClipperRange r = { min, max, false, 0, 0 }; return r; }
+    static ImGuiListClipperRange    FromPositions(float y1, float y2, int off_min, int off_max) { ImGuiListClipperRange r = { (int)y1, (int)y2, true, (ImS8)off_min, (ImS8)off_max }; return r; }
+};
+
+// Temporary clipper data, buffers shared/reused between instances
+struct ImGuiListClipperData
+{
+    ImGuiListClipper*               ListClipper;
+    float                           LossynessOffset;
+    int                             StepNo;
+    int                             ItemsFrozen;
+    ImVector<ImGuiListClipperRange> Ranges;
+
+    ImGuiListClipperData()          { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    void                            Reset(ImGuiListClipper* clipper) { ListClipper = clipper; StepNo = ItemsFrozen = 0; Ranges.resize(0); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Navigation support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+enum ImGuiActivateFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiActivateFlags_None                 = 0,
+    ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput          = 1 << 0,       // Favor activation that requires keyboard text input (e.g. for Slider/Drag). Default for Enter key.
+    ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferTweak          = 1 << 1,       // Favor activation for tweaking with arrows or gamepad (e.g. for Slider/Drag). Default for Space key and if keyboard is not used.
+    ImGuiActivateFlags_TryToPreserveState   = 1 << 2,       // Request widget to preserve state if it can (e.g. InputText will try to preserve cursor/selection)
+};
+
+// Early work-in-progress API for ScrollToItem()
+enum ImGuiScrollFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_None                   = 0,
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX       = 1 << 0,       // If item is not visible: scroll as little as possible on X axis to bring item back into view [default for X axis]
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY       = 1 << 1,       // If item is not visible: scroll as little as possible on Y axis to bring item back into view [default for Y axis for windows that are already visible]
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterX     = 1 << 2,       // If item is not visible: scroll to make the item centered on X axis [rarely used]
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterY     = 1 << 3,       // If item is not visible: scroll to make the item centered on Y axis
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterX          = 1 << 4,       // Always center the result item on X axis [rarely used]
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterY          = 1 << 5,       // Always center the result item on Y axis [default for Y axis for appearing window)
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_NoScrollParent         = 1 << 6,       // Disable forwarding scrolling to parent window if required to keep item/rect visible (only scroll window the function was applied to).
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskX_                 = ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeX | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterX | ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterX,
+    ImGuiScrollFlags_MaskY_                 = ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY | ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleCenterY | ImGuiScrollFlags_AlwaysCenterY,
+};
+
+enum ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_None             = 0,
+    ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeDefault      = 1 << 0,
+    ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeThin         = 1 << 1,
+    ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_AlwaysDraw       = 1 << 2,       // Draw rectangular highlight if (g.NavId == id) _even_ when using the mouse.
+    ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_NoRounding       = 1 << 3,
+};
+
+enum ImGuiNavMoveFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_None                  = 0,
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopX                 = 1 << 0,   // On failed request, restart from opposite side
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_LoopY                 = 1 << 1,
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapX                 = 1 << 2,   // On failed request, request from opposite side one line down (when NavDir==right) or one line up (when NavDir==left)
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_WrapY                 = 1 << 3,   // This is not super useful but provided for completeness
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AllowCurrentNavId     = 1 << 4,   // Allow scoring and considering the current NavId as a move target candidate. This is used when the move source is offset (e.g. pressing PageDown actually needs to send a Up move request, if we are pressing PageDown from the bottom-most item we need to stay in place)
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AlsoScoreVisibleSet   = 1 << 5,   // Store alternate result in NavMoveResultLocalVisible that only comprise elements that are already fully visible (used by PageUp/PageDown)
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_ScrollToEdgeY         = 1 << 6,   // Force scrolling to min/max (used by Home/End) // FIXME-NAV: Aim to remove or reword, probably unnecessary
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Forwarded             = 1 << 7,
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DebugNoResult         = 1 << 8,   // Dummy scoring for debug purpose, don't apply result
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_FocusApi              = 1 << 9,
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Tabbing               = 1 << 10,  // == Focus + Activate if item is Inputable + DontChangeNavHighlight
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Activate              = 1 << 11,
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags_DontSetNavHighlight   = 1 << 12,  // Do not alter the visible state of keyboard vs mouse nav highlight
+};
+
+enum ImGuiNavLayer
+{
+    ImGuiNavLayer_Main  = 0,    // Main scrolling layer
+    ImGuiNavLayer_Menu  = 1,    // Menu layer (access with Alt)
+    ImGuiNavLayer_COUNT
+};
+
+struct ImGuiNavItemData
+{
+    ImGuiWindow*        Window;         // Init,Move    // Best candidate window (result->ItemWindow->RootWindowForNav == request->Window)
+    ImGuiID             ID;             // Init,Move    // Best candidate item ID
+    ImGuiID             FocusScopeId;   // Init,Move    // Best candidate focus scope ID
+    ImRect              RectRel;        // Init,Move    // Best candidate bounding box in window relative space
+    ImGuiItemFlags      InFlags;        // ????,Move    // Best candidate item flags
+    float               DistBox;        //      Move    // Best candidate box distance to current NavId
+    float               DistCenter;     //      Move    // Best candidate center distance to current NavId
+    float               DistAxial;      //      Move    // Best candidate axial distance to current NavId
+
+    ImGuiNavItemData()  { Clear(); }
+    void Clear()        { Window = NULL; ID = FocusScopeId = 0; InFlags = 0; DistBox = DistCenter = DistAxial = FLT_MAX; }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Columns support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Flags for internal's BeginColumns(). Prefix using BeginTable() nowadays!
+enum ImGuiOldColumnFlags_
+{
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags_None                    = 0,
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoBorder                = 1 << 0,   // Disable column dividers
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoResize                = 1 << 1,   // Disable resizing columns when clicking on the dividers
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoPreserveWidths        = 1 << 2,   // Disable column width preservation when adjusting columns
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoForceWithinWindow     = 1 << 3,   // Disable forcing columns to fit within window
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags_GrowParentContentsSize  = 1 << 4,   // (WIP) Restore pre-1.51 behavior of extending the parent window contents size but _without affecting the columns width at all_. Will eventually remove.
+
+    // Obsolete names (will be removed)
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    ImGuiColumnsFlags_None                      = ImGuiOldColumnFlags_None,
+    ImGuiColumnsFlags_NoBorder                  = ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoBorder,
+    ImGuiColumnsFlags_NoResize                  = ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoResize,
+    ImGuiColumnsFlags_NoPreserveWidths          = ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoPreserveWidths,
+    ImGuiColumnsFlags_NoForceWithinWindow       = ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoForceWithinWindow,
+    ImGuiColumnsFlags_GrowParentContentsSize    = ImGuiOldColumnFlags_GrowParentContentsSize,
+#endif
+};
+
+struct ImGuiOldColumnData
+{
+    float               OffsetNorm;             // Column start offset, normalized 0.0 (far left) -> 1.0 (far right)
+    float               OffsetNormBeforeResize;
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags Flags;                  // Not exposed
+    ImRect              ClipRect;
+
+    ImGuiOldColumnData() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+struct ImGuiOldColumns
+{
+    ImGuiID             ID;
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags Flags;
+    bool                IsFirstFrame;
+    bool                IsBeingResized;
+    int                 Current;
+    int                 Count;
+    float               OffMinX, OffMaxX;       // Offsets from HostWorkRect.Min.x
+    float               LineMinY, LineMaxY;
+    float               HostCursorPosY;         // Backup of CursorPos at the time of BeginColumns()
+    float               HostCursorMaxPosX;      // Backup of CursorMaxPos at the time of BeginColumns()
+    ImRect              HostInitialClipRect;    // Backup of ClipRect at the time of BeginColumns()
+    ImRect              HostBackupClipRect;     // Backup of ClipRect during PushColumnsBackground()/PopColumnsBackground()
+    ImRect              HostBackupParentWorkRect;//Backup of WorkRect at the time of BeginColumns()
+    ImVector<ImGuiOldColumnData> Columns;
+    ImDrawListSplitter  Splitter;
+
+    ImGuiOldColumns()   { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Multi-select support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_MULTI_SELECT
+// <this is filled in 'range_select' branch>
+#endif // #ifdef IMGUI_HAS_MULTI_SELECT
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Docking support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG 0  // Dock host: background fill
+#define DOCKING_HOST_DRAW_CHANNEL_FG 1  // Dock host: decorations and contents
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+
+// Extend ImGuiDockNodeFlags_
+enum ImGuiDockNodeFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    // [Internal]
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace                = 1 << 10,  // Local, Saved  // A dockspace is a node that occupy space within an existing user window. Otherwise the node is floating and create its own window.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode              = 1 << 11,  // Local, Saved  // The central node has 2 main properties: stay visible when empty, only use "remaining" spaces from its neighbor.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoTabBar                 = 1 << 12,  // Local, Saved  // Tab bar is completely unavailable. No triangle in the corner to enable it back.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar             = 1 << 13,  // Local, Saved  // Tab bar is hidden, with a triangle in the corner to show it again (NB: actual tab-bar instance may be destroyed as this is only used for single-window tab bar)
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton       = 1 << 14,  // Local, Saved  // Disable window/docking menu (that one that appears instead of the collapse button)
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCloseButton            = 1 << 15,  // Local, Saved  //
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDocking                = 1 << 16,  // Local, Saved  // Disable any form of docking in this dockspace or individual node. (On a whole dockspace, this pretty much defeat the purpose of using a dockspace at all). Note: when turned on, existing docked nodes will be preserved.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingSplitMe         = 1 << 17,  // [EXPERIMENTAL] Prevent another window/node from splitting this node.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingSplitOther      = 1 << 18,  // [EXPERIMENTAL] Prevent this node from splitting another window/node.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverMe          = 1 << 19,  // [EXPERIMENTAL] Prevent another window/node to be docked over this node.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverOther       = 1 << 20,  // [EXPERIMENTAL] Prevent this node to be docked over another window or non-empty node.
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDockingOverEmpty       = 1 << 21,  // [EXPERIMENTAL] Prevent this node to be docked over an empty node (e.g. DockSpace with no other windows)
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeX                = 1 << 22,  // [EXPERIMENTAL]
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeY                = 1 << 23,  // [EXPERIMENTAL]
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SharedFlagsInheritMask_  = ~0,
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeFlagsMask_       = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResize | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeX | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeY,
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsMask_          = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoSplit | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeFlagsMask_ | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_AutoHideTabBar | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoTabBar | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCloseButton | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDocking,
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsTransferMask_  = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_LocalFlagsMask_ & ~ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace,  // When splitting those flags are moved to the inheriting child, never duplicated
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags_SavedFlagsMask_          = ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoResizeFlagsMask_ | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoTabBar | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoWindowMenuButton | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoCloseButton | ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoDocking
+};
+
+// Store the source authority (dock node vs window) of a field
+enum ImGuiDataAuthority_
+{
+    ImGuiDataAuthority_Auto,
+    ImGuiDataAuthority_DockNode,
+    ImGuiDataAuthority_Window,
+};
+
+enum ImGuiDockNodeState
+{
+    ImGuiDockNodeState_Unknown,
+    ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowHiddenBecauseSingleWindow,
+    ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowHiddenBecauseWindowsAreResizing,
+    ImGuiDockNodeState_HostWindowVisible,
+};
+
+// sizeof() 156~192
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiDockNode
+{
+    ImGuiID                 ID;
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags      SharedFlags;                // (Write) Flags shared by all nodes of a same dockspace hierarchy (inherited from the root node)
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags      LocalFlags;                 // (Write) Flags specific to this node
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags      LocalFlagsInWindows;        // (Write) Flags specific to this node, applied from windows
+    ImGuiDockNodeFlags      MergedFlags;                // (Read)  Effective flags (== SharedFlags | LocalFlagsInNode | LocalFlagsInWindows)
+    ImGuiDockNodeState      State;
+    ImGuiDockNode*          ParentNode;
+    ImGuiDockNode*          ChildNodes[2];              // [Split node only] Child nodes (left/right or top/bottom). Consider switching to an array.
+    ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>  Windows;                    // Note: unordered list! Iterate TabBar->Tabs for user-order.
+    ImGuiTabBar*            TabBar;
+    ImVec2                  Pos;                        // Current position
+    ImVec2                  Size;                       // Current size
+    ImVec2                  SizeRef;                    // [Split node only] Last explicitly written-to size (overridden when using a splitter affecting the node), used to calculate Size.
+    ImGuiAxis               SplitAxis;                  // [Split node only] Split axis (X or Y)
+    ImGuiWindowClass        WindowClass;                // [Root node only]
+    ImU32                   LastBgColor;
+
+    ImGuiWindow*            HostWindow;
+    ImGuiWindow*            VisibleWindow;              // Generally point to window which is ID is == SelectedTabID, but when CTRL+Tabbing this can be a different window.
+    ImGuiDockNode*          CentralNode;                // [Root node only] Pointer to central node.
+    ImGuiDockNode*          OnlyNodeWithWindows;        // [Root node only] Set when there is a single visible node within the hierarchy.
+    int                     CountNodeWithWindows;       // [Root node only]
+    int                     LastFrameAlive;             // Last frame number the node was updated or kept alive explicitly with DockSpace() + ImGuiDockNodeFlags_KeepAliveOnly
+    int                     LastFrameActive;            // Last frame number the node was updated.
+    int                     LastFrameFocused;           // Last frame number the node was focused.
+    ImGuiID                 LastFocusedNodeId;          // [Root node only] Which of our child docking node (any ancestor in the hierarchy) was last focused.
+    ImGuiID                 SelectedTabId;              // [Leaf node only] Which of our tab/window is selected.
+    ImGuiID                 WantCloseTabId;             // [Leaf node only] Set when closing a specific tab/window.
+    ImGuiDataAuthority      AuthorityForPos         :3;
+    ImGuiDataAuthority      AuthorityForSize        :3;
+    ImGuiDataAuthority      AuthorityForViewport    :3;
+    bool                    IsVisible               :1; // Set to false when the node is hidden (usually disabled as it has no active window)
+    bool                    IsFocused               :1;
+    bool                    IsBgDrawnThisFrame      :1;
+    bool                    HasCloseButton          :1; // Provide space for a close button (if any of the docked window has one). Note that button may be hidden on window without one.
+    bool                    HasWindowMenuButton     :1;
+    bool                    HasCentralNodeChild     :1;
+    bool                    WantCloseAll            :1; // Set when closing all tabs at once.
+    bool                    WantLockSizeOnce        :1;
+    bool                    WantMouseMove           :1; // After a node extraction we need to transition toward moving the newly created host window
+    bool                    WantHiddenTabBarUpdate  :1;
+    bool                    WantHiddenTabBarToggle  :1;
+
+    ImGuiDockNode(ImGuiID id);
+    ~ImGuiDockNode();
+    bool                    IsRootNode() const      { return ParentNode == NULL; }
+    bool                    IsDockSpace() const     { return (MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace) != 0; }
+    bool                    IsFloatingNode() const  { return ParentNode == NULL && (MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace) == 0; }
+    bool                    IsCentralNode() const   { return (MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_CentralNode) != 0; }
+    bool                    IsHiddenTabBar() const  { return (MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_HiddenTabBar) != 0; } // Hidden tab bar can be shown back by clicking the small triangle
+    bool                    IsNoTabBar() const      { return (MergedFlags & ImGuiDockNodeFlags_NoTabBar) != 0; }     // Never show a tab bar
+    bool                    IsSplitNode() const     { return ChildNodes[0] != NULL; }
+    bool                    IsLeafNode() const      { return ChildNodes[0] == NULL; }
+    bool                    IsEmpty() const         { return ChildNodes[0] == NULL && Windows.Size == 0; }
+    ImRect                  Rect() const            { return ImRect(Pos.x, Pos.y, Pos.x + Size.x, Pos.y + Size.y); }
+
+    void                    SetLocalFlags(ImGuiDockNodeFlags flags) { LocalFlags = flags; UpdateMergedFlags(); }
+    void                    UpdateMergedFlags()     { MergedFlags = SharedFlags | LocalFlags | LocalFlagsInWindows; }
+};
+
+// List of colors that are stored at the time of Begin() into Docked Windows.
+// We currently store the packed colors in a simple array window->DockStyle.Colors[].
+// A better solution may involve appending into a log of colors in ImGuiContext + store offsets into those arrays in ImGuiWindow,
+// but it would be more complex as we'd need to double-buffer both as e.g. drop target may refer to window from last frame.
+enum ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol
+{
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_Text,
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_Tab,
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_TabHovered,
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_TabActive,
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_TabUnfocused,
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_TabUnfocusedActive,
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT
+};
+
+struct ImGuiWindowDockStyle
+{
+    ImU32 Colors[ImGuiWindowDockStyleCol_COUNT];
+};
+
+struct ImGuiDockContext
+{
+    ImGuiStorage                    Nodes;          // Map ID -> ImGuiDockNode*: Active nodes
+    ImVector<ImGuiDockRequest>      Requests;
+    ImVector<ImGuiDockNodeSettings> NodesSettings;
+    bool                            WantFullRebuild;
+    ImGuiDockContext()              { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+#endif // #ifdef IMGUI_HAS_DOCK
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Viewport support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// ImGuiViewport Private/Internals fields (cardinal sin: we are using inheritance!)
+// Every instance of ImGuiViewport is in fact a ImGuiViewportP.
+struct ImGuiViewportP : public ImGuiViewport
+{
+    ImGuiWindow*        Window;                 // Set when the viewport is owned by a window (and ImGuiViewportFlags_CanHostOtherWindows is NOT set)
+    int                 Idx;
+    int                 LastFrameActive;        // Last frame number this viewport was activated by a window
+    int                 LastFocusedStampCount;  // Last stamp number from when a window hosted by this viewport was focused (by comparing this value between two viewport we have an implicit viewport z-order we use as fallback)
+    ImGuiID             LastNameHash;
+    ImVec2              LastPos;
+    float               Alpha;                  // Window opacity (when dragging dockable windows/viewports we make them transparent)
+    float               LastAlpha;
+    bool                LastFocusedHadNavWindow;// Instead of maintaining a LastFocusedWindow (which may harder to correctly maintain), we merely store weither NavWindow != NULL last time the viewport was focused.
+    short               PlatformMonitor;
+    int                 DrawListsLastFrame[2];  // Last frame number the background (0) and foreground (1) draw lists were used
+    ImDrawList*         DrawLists[2];           // Convenience background (0) and foreground (1) draw lists. We use them to draw software mouser cursor when io.MouseDrawCursor is set and to draw most debug overlays.
+    ImDrawData          DrawDataP;
+    ImDrawDataBuilder   DrawDataBuilder;
+    ImVec2              LastPlatformPos;
+    ImVec2              LastPlatformSize;
+    ImVec2              LastRendererSize;
+    ImVec2              WorkOffsetMin;          // Work Area: Offset from Pos to top-left corner of Work Area. Generally (0,0) or (0,+main_menu_bar_height). Work Area is Full Area but without menu-bars/status-bars (so WorkArea always fit inside Pos/Size!)
+    ImVec2              WorkOffsetMax;          // Work Area: Offset from Pos+Size to bottom-right corner of Work Area. Generally (0,0) or (0,-status_bar_height).
+    ImVec2              BuildWorkOffsetMin;     // Work Area: Offset being built during current frame. Generally >= 0.0f.
+    ImVec2              BuildWorkOffsetMax;     // Work Area: Offset being built during current frame. Generally <= 0.0f.
+
+    ImGuiViewportP()                    { Window = NULL; Idx = -1; LastFrameActive = DrawListsLastFrame[0] = DrawListsLastFrame[1] = LastFocusedStampCount = -1; LastNameHash = 0; Alpha = LastAlpha = 1.0f; LastFocusedHadNavWindow = false; PlatformMonitor = -1; Window = NULL; DrawLists[0] = DrawLists[1] = NULL; LastPlatformPos = LastPlatformSize = LastRendererSize = ImVec2(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX); }
+    ~ImGuiViewportP()                   { if (DrawLists[0]) IM_DELETE(DrawLists[0]); if (DrawLists[1]) IM_DELETE(DrawLists[1]); }
+    void    ClearRequestFlags()         { PlatformRequestClose = PlatformRequestMove = PlatformRequestResize = false; }
+
+    // Calculate work rect pos/size given a set of offset (we have 1 pair of offset for rect locked from last frame data, and 1 pair for currently building rect)
+    ImVec2  CalcWorkRectPos(const ImVec2& off_min) const                            { return ImVec2(Pos.x + off_min.x, Pos.y + off_min.y); }
+    ImVec2  CalcWorkRectSize(const ImVec2& off_min, const ImVec2& off_max) const    { return ImVec2(ImMax(0.0f, Size.x - off_min.x + off_max.x), ImMax(0.0f, Size.y - off_min.y + off_max.y)); }
+    void    UpdateWorkRect()            { WorkPos = CalcWorkRectPos(WorkOffsetMin); WorkSize = CalcWorkRectSize(WorkOffsetMin, WorkOffsetMax); } // Update public fields
+
+    // Helpers to retrieve ImRect (we don't need to store BuildWorkRect as every access tend to change it, hence the code asymmetry)
+    ImRect  GetMainRect() const         { return ImRect(Pos.x, Pos.y, Pos.x + Size.x, Pos.y + Size.y); }
+    ImRect  GetWorkRect() const         { return ImRect(WorkPos.x, WorkPos.y, WorkPos.x + WorkSize.x, WorkPos.y + WorkSize.y); }
+    ImRect  GetBuildWorkRect() const    { ImVec2 pos = CalcWorkRectPos(BuildWorkOffsetMin); ImVec2 size = CalcWorkRectSize(BuildWorkOffsetMin, BuildWorkOffsetMax); return ImRect(pos.x, pos.y, pos.x + size.x, pos.y + size.y); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Settings support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Windows data saved in imgui.ini file
+// Because we never destroy or rename ImGuiWindowSettings, we can store the names in a separate buffer easily.
+// (this is designed to be stored in a ImChunkStream buffer, with the variable-length Name following our structure)
+struct ImGuiWindowSettings
+{
+    ImGuiID     ID;
+    ImVec2ih    Pos;            // NB: Settings position are stored RELATIVE to the viewport! Whereas runtime ones are absolute positions.
+    ImVec2ih    Size;
+    ImVec2ih    ViewportPos;
+    ImGuiID     ViewportId;
+    ImGuiID     DockId;         // ID of last known DockNode (even if the DockNode is invisible because it has only 1 active window), or 0 if none.
+    ImGuiID     ClassId;        // ID of window class if specified
+    short       DockOrder;      // Order of the last time the window was visible within its DockNode. This is used to reorder windows that are reappearing on the same frame. Same value between windows that were active and windows that were none are possible.
+    bool        Collapsed;
+    bool        WantApply;      // Set when loaded from .ini data (to enable merging/loading .ini data into an already running context)
+    bool        WantDelete;     // Set to invalidate/delete the settings entry
+
+    ImGuiWindowSettings()       { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); DockOrder = -1; }
+    char* GetName()             { return (char*)(this + 1); }
+};
+
+struct ImGuiSettingsHandler
+{
+    const char* TypeName;       // Short description stored in .ini file. Disallowed characters: '[' ']'
+    ImGuiID     TypeHash;       // == ImHashStr(TypeName)
+    void        (*ClearAllFn)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler);                                // Clear all settings data
+    void        (*ReadInitFn)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler);                                // Read: Called before reading (in registration order)
+    void*       (*ReadOpenFn)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler, const char* name);              // Read: Called when entering into a new ini entry e.g. "[Window][Name]"
+    void        (*ReadLineFn)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler, void* entry, const char* line); // Read: Called for every line of text within an ini entry
+    void        (*ApplyAllFn)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler);                                // Read: Called after reading (in registration order)
+    void        (*WriteAllFn)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler, ImGuiTextBuffer* out_buf);      // Write: Output every entries into 'out_buf'
+    void*       UserData;
+
+    ImGuiSettingsHandler() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Localization support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This is experimental and not officially supported, it'll probably fall short of features, if/when it does we may backtrack.
+enum ImGuiLocKey : int
+{
+    ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeOne,
+    ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeAllFit,
+    ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeAllDefault,
+    ImGuiLocKey_TableResetOrder,
+    ImGuiLocKey_WindowingMainMenuBar,
+    ImGuiLocKey_WindowingPopup,
+    ImGuiLocKey_WindowingUntitled,
+    ImGuiLocKey_DockingHideTabBar,
+    ImGuiLocKey_COUNT
+};
+
+struct ImGuiLocEntry
+{
+    ImGuiLocKey     Key;
+    const char*     Text;
+};
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Metrics, Debug Tools
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+enum ImGuiDebugLogFlags_
+{
+    // Event types
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_None             = 0,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventActiveId    = 1 << 0,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventFocus       = 1 << 1,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventPopup       = 1 << 2,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventNav         = 1 << 3,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventClipper     = 1 << 4,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventIO          = 1 << 5,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventDocking     = 1 << 6,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventViewport    = 1 << 7,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventMask_       = ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventActiveId | ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventFocus | ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventPopup | ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventNav | ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventClipper | ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventIO | ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventDocking | ImGuiDebugLogFlags_EventViewport,
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags_OutputToTTY      = 1 << 10,  // Also send output to TTY
+};
+
+struct ImGuiMetricsConfig
+{
+    bool        ShowDebugLog = false;
+    bool        ShowStackTool = false;
+    bool        ShowWindowsRects = false;
+    bool        ShowWindowsBeginOrder = false;
+    bool        ShowTablesRects = false;
+    bool        ShowDrawCmdMesh = true;
+    bool        ShowDrawCmdBoundingBoxes = true;
+    bool        ShowAtlasTintedWithTextColor = false;
+    bool        ShowDockingNodes = false;
+    int         ShowWindowsRectsType = -1;
+    int         ShowTablesRectsType = -1;
+};
+
+struct ImGuiStackLevelInfo
+{
+    ImGuiID                 ID;
+    ImS8                    QueryFrameCount;            // >= 1: Query in progress
+    bool                    QuerySuccess;               // Obtained result from DebugHookIdInfo()
+    ImGuiDataType           DataType : 8;
+    char                    Desc[57];                   // Arbitrarily sized buffer to hold a result (FIXME: could replace Results[] with a chunk stream?) FIXME: Now that we added CTRL+C this should be fixed.
+
+    ImGuiStackLevelInfo()   { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+// State for Stack tool queries
+struct ImGuiStackTool
+{
+    int                     LastActiveFrame;
+    int                     StackLevel;                 // -1: query stack and resize Results, >= 0: individual stack level
+    ImGuiID                 QueryId;                    // ID to query details for
+    ImVector<ImGuiStackLevelInfo> Results;
+    bool                    CopyToClipboardOnCtrlC;
+    float                   CopyToClipboardLastTime;
+
+    ImGuiStackTool()        { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); CopyToClipboardLastTime = -FLT_MAX; }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Generic context hooks
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+typedef void (*ImGuiContextHookCallback)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiContextHook* hook);
+enum ImGuiContextHookType { ImGuiContextHookType_NewFramePre, ImGuiContextHookType_NewFramePost, ImGuiContextHookType_EndFramePre, ImGuiContextHookType_EndFramePost, ImGuiContextHookType_RenderPre, ImGuiContextHookType_RenderPost, ImGuiContextHookType_Shutdown, ImGuiContextHookType_PendingRemoval_ };
+
+struct ImGuiContextHook
+{
+    ImGuiID                     HookId;     // A unique ID assigned by AddContextHook()
+    ImGuiContextHookType        Type;
+    ImGuiID                     Owner;
+    ImGuiContextHookCallback    Callback;
+    void*                       UserData;
+
+    ImGuiContextHook()          { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiContext (main Dear ImGui context)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ImGuiContext
+{
+    bool                    Initialized;
+    bool                    FontAtlasOwnedByContext;            // IO.Fonts-> is owned by the ImGuiContext and will be destructed along with it.
+    ImGuiIO                 IO;
+    ImGuiPlatformIO         PlatformIO;
+    ImGuiStyle              Style;
+    ImGuiConfigFlags        ConfigFlagsCurrFrame;               // = g.IO.ConfigFlags at the time of NewFrame()
+    ImGuiConfigFlags        ConfigFlagsLastFrame;
+    ImFont*                 Font;                               // (Shortcut) == FontStack.empty() ? IO.Font : FontStack.back()
+    float                   FontSize;                           // (Shortcut) == FontBaseSize * g.CurrentWindow->FontWindowScale == window->FontSize(). Text height for current window.
+    float                   FontBaseSize;                       // (Shortcut) == IO.FontGlobalScale * Font->Scale * Font->FontSize. Base text height.
+    ImDrawListSharedData    DrawListSharedData;
+    double                  Time;
+    int                     FrameCount;
+    int                     FrameCountEnded;
+    int                     FrameCountPlatformEnded;
+    int                     FrameCountRendered;
+    bool                    WithinFrameScope;                   // Set by NewFrame(), cleared by EndFrame()
+    bool                    WithinFrameScopeWithImplicitWindow; // Set by NewFrame(), cleared by EndFrame() when the implicit debug window has been pushed
+    bool                    WithinEndChild;                     // Set within EndChild()
+    bool                    GcCompactAll;                       // Request full GC
+    bool                    TestEngineHookItems;                // Will call test engine hooks: ImGuiTestEngineHook_ItemAdd(), ImGuiTestEngineHook_ItemInfo(), ImGuiTestEngineHook_Log()
+    void*                   TestEngine;                         // Test engine user data
+
+    // Inputs
+    ImVector<ImGuiInputEvent> InputEventsQueue;                 // Input events which will be trickled/written into IO structure.
+    ImVector<ImGuiInputEvent> InputEventsTrail;                 // Past input events processed in NewFrame(). This is to allow domain-specific application to access e.g mouse/pen trail.
+    ImGuiMouseSource        InputEventsNextMouseSource;
+    ImU32                   InputEventsNextEventId;
+
+    // Windows state
+    ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>  Windows;                            // Windows, sorted in display order, back to front
+    ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>  WindowsFocusOrder;                  // Root windows, sorted in focus order, back to front.
+    ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>  WindowsTempSortBuffer;              // Temporary buffer used in EndFrame() to reorder windows so parents are kept before their child
+    ImVector<ImGuiWindowStackData> CurrentWindowStack;
+    ImGuiStorage            WindowsById;                        // Map window's ImGuiID to ImGuiWindow*
+    int                     WindowsActiveCount;                 // Number of unique windows submitted by frame
+    ImVec2                  WindowsHoverPadding;                // Padding around resizable windows for which hovering on counts as hovering the window == ImMax(style.TouchExtraPadding, WINDOWS_HOVER_PADDING)
+    ImGuiWindow*            CurrentWindow;                      // Window being drawn into
+    ImGuiWindow*            HoveredWindow;                      // Window the mouse is hovering. Will typically catch mouse inputs.
+    ImGuiWindow*            HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow;     // Hovered window ignoring MovingWindow. Only set if MovingWindow is set.
+    ImGuiWindow*            MovingWindow;                       // Track the window we clicked on (in order to preserve focus). The actual window that is moved is generally MovingWindow->RootWindowDockTree.
+    ImGuiWindow*            WheelingWindow;                     // Track the window we started mouse-wheeling on. Until a timer elapse or mouse has moved, generally keep scrolling the same window even if during the course of scrolling the mouse ends up hovering a child window.
+    ImVec2                  WheelingWindowRefMousePos;
+    int                     WheelingWindowStartFrame;           // This may be set one frame before WheelingWindow is != NULL
+    float                   WheelingWindowReleaseTimer;
+    ImVec2                  WheelingWindowWheelRemainder;
+    ImVec2                  WheelingAxisAvg;
+
+    // Item/widgets state and tracking information
+    ImGuiID                 DebugHookIdInfo;                    // Will call core hooks: DebugHookIdInfo() from GetID functions, used by Stack Tool [next HoveredId/ActiveId to not pull in an extra cache-line]
+    ImGuiID                 HoveredId;                          // Hovered widget, filled during the frame
+    ImGuiID                 HoveredIdPreviousFrame;
+    bool                    HoveredIdAllowOverlap;
+    bool                    HoveredIdDisabled;                  // At least one widget passed the rect test, but has been discarded by disabled flag or popup inhibit. May be true even if HoveredId == 0.
+    float                   HoveredIdTimer;                     // Measure contiguous hovering time
+    float                   HoveredIdNotActiveTimer;            // Measure contiguous hovering time where the item has not been active
+    ImGuiID                 ActiveId;                           // Active widget
+    ImGuiID                 ActiveIdIsAlive;                    // Active widget has been seen this frame (we can't use a bool as the ActiveId may change within the frame)
+    float                   ActiveIdTimer;
+    bool                    ActiveIdIsJustActivated;            // Set at the time of activation for one frame
+    bool                    ActiveIdAllowOverlap;               // Active widget allows another widget to steal active id (generally for overlapping widgets, but not always)
+    bool                    ActiveIdNoClearOnFocusLoss;         // Disable losing active id if the active id window gets unfocused.
+    bool                    ActiveIdHasBeenPressedBefore;       // Track whether the active id led to a press (this is to allow changing between PressOnClick and PressOnRelease without pressing twice). Used by range_select branch.
+    bool                    ActiveIdHasBeenEditedBefore;        // Was the value associated to the widget Edited over the course of the Active state.
+    bool                    ActiveIdHasBeenEditedThisFrame;
+    ImVec2                  ActiveIdClickOffset;                // Clicked offset from upper-left corner, if applicable (currently only set by ButtonBehavior)
+    ImGuiWindow*            ActiveIdWindow;
+    ImGuiInputSource        ActiveIdSource;                     // Activating source: ImGuiInputSource_Mouse OR ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard OR ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad
+    int                     ActiveIdMouseButton;
+    ImGuiID                 ActiveIdPreviousFrame;
+    bool                    ActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive;
+    bool                    ActiveIdPreviousFrameHasBeenEditedBefore;
+    ImGuiWindow*            ActiveIdPreviousFrameWindow;
+    ImGuiID                 LastActiveId;                       // Store the last non-zero ActiveId, useful for animation.
+    float                   LastActiveIdTimer;                  // Store the last non-zero ActiveId timer since the beginning of activation, useful for animation.
+
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL] Key/Input Ownership + Shortcut Routing system
+    // - The idea is that instead of "eating" a given key, we can link to an owner.
+    // - Input query can then read input by specifying ImGuiKeyOwner_Any (== 0), ImGuiKeyOwner_None (== -1) or a custom ID.
+    // - Routing is requested ahead of time for a given chord (Key + Mods) and granted in NewFrame().
+    ImGuiKeyOwnerData       KeysOwnerData[ImGuiKey_NamedKey_COUNT];
+    ImGuiKeyRoutingTable    KeysRoutingTable;
+    ImU32                   ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask;            // Active widget will want to read those nav move requests (e.g. can activate a button and move away from it)
+    bool                    ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys;       // Active widget will want to read all keyboard keys inputs. (FIXME: This is a shortcut for not taking ownership of 100+ keys but perhaps best to not have the inconsistency)
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    ImU32                   ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask;          // If you used this. Since (IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18804) : 'g.ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask |= (1 << ImGuiNavInput_Cancel);' becomes 'SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_Escape, g.ActiveId) and/or SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadCancel, g.ActiveId);'
+#endif
+
+    // Next window/item data
+    ImGuiID                 CurrentFocusScopeId;                // == g.FocusScopeStack.back()
+    ImGuiItemFlags          CurrentItemFlags;                   // == g.ItemFlagsStack.back()
+    ImGuiID                 DebugLocateId;                      // Storage for DebugLocateItemOnHover() feature: this is read by ItemAdd() so we keep it in a hot/cached location
+    ImGuiNextItemData       NextItemData;                       // Storage for SetNextItem** functions
+    ImGuiLastItemData       LastItemData;                       // Storage for last submitted item (setup by ItemAdd)
+    ImGuiNextWindowData     NextWindowData;                     // Storage for SetNextWindow** functions
+
+    // Shared stacks
+    ImVector<ImGuiColorMod> ColorStack;                         // Stack for PushStyleColor()/PopStyleColor() - inherited by Begin()
+    ImVector<ImGuiStyleMod> StyleVarStack;                      // Stack for PushStyleVar()/PopStyleVar() - inherited by Begin()
+    ImVector<ImFont*>       FontStack;                          // Stack for PushFont()/PopFont() - inherited by Begin()
+    ImVector<ImGuiID>       FocusScopeStack;                    // Stack for PushFocusScope()/PopFocusScope() - inherited by BeginChild(), pushed into by Begin()
+    ImVector<ImGuiItemFlags>ItemFlagsStack;                     // Stack for PushItemFlag()/PopItemFlag() - inherited by Begin()
+    ImVector<ImGuiGroupData>GroupStack;                         // Stack for BeginGroup()/EndGroup() - not inherited by Begin()
+    ImVector<ImGuiPopupData>OpenPopupStack;                     // Which popups are open (persistent)
+    ImVector<ImGuiPopupData>BeginPopupStack;                    // Which level of BeginPopup() we are in (reset every frame)
+    int                     BeginMenuCount;
+
+    // Viewports
+    ImVector<ImGuiViewportP*> Viewports;                        // Active viewports (always 1+, and generally 1 unless multi-viewports are enabled). Each viewports hold their copy of ImDrawData.
+    float                   CurrentDpiScale;                    // == CurrentViewport->DpiScale
+    ImGuiViewportP*         CurrentViewport;                    // We track changes of viewport (happening in Begin) so we can call Platform_OnChangedViewport()
+    ImGuiViewportP*         MouseViewport;
+    ImGuiViewportP*         MouseLastHoveredViewport;           // Last known viewport that was hovered by mouse (even if we are not hovering any viewport any more) + honoring the _NoInputs flag.
+    ImGuiID                 PlatformLastFocusedViewportId;
+    ImGuiPlatformMonitor    FallbackMonitor;                    // Virtual monitor used as fallback if backend doesn't provide monitor information.
+    int                     ViewportFocusedStampCount;          // Every time the front-most window changes, we stamp its viewport with an incrementing counter
+
+    // Gamepad/keyboard Navigation
+    ImGuiWindow*            NavWindow;                          // Focused window for navigation. Could be called 'FocusedWindow'
+    ImGuiID                 NavId;                              // Focused item for navigation
+    ImGuiID                 NavFocusScopeId;                    // Identify a selection scope (selection code often wants to "clear other items" when landing on an item of the selection set)
+    ImGuiID                 NavActivateId;                      // ~~ (g.ActiveId == 0) && (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Space) || IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_Enter) || IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate)) ? NavId : 0, also set when calling ActivateItem()
+    ImGuiID                 NavActivateDownId;                  // ~~ IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_Space) || IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_Enter) || IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate) ? NavId : 0
+    ImGuiID                 NavActivatePressedId;               // ~~ IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Space) || IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Enter) || IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate) ? NavId : 0 (no repeat)
+    ImGuiActivateFlags      NavActivateFlags;
+    ImGuiID                 NavJustMovedToId;                   // Just navigated to this id (result of a successfully MoveRequest).
+    ImGuiID                 NavJustMovedToFocusScopeId;         // Just navigated to this focus scope id (result of a successfully MoveRequest).
+    ImGuiKeyChord           NavJustMovedToKeyMods;
+    ImGuiID                 NavNextActivateId;                  // Set by ActivateItem(), queued until next frame.
+    ImGuiActivateFlags      NavNextActivateFlags;
+    ImGuiInputSource        NavInputSource;                     // Keyboard or Gamepad mode? THIS CAN ONLY BE ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard or ImGuiInputSource_Mouse
+    ImGuiNavLayer           NavLayer;                           // Layer we are navigating on. For now the system is hard-coded for 0=main contents and 1=menu/title bar, may expose layers later.
+    bool                    NavIdIsAlive;                       // Nav widget has been seen this frame ~~ NavRectRel is valid
+    bool                    NavMousePosDirty;                   // When set we will update mouse position if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos) if set (NB: this not enabled by default)
+    bool                    NavDisableHighlight;                // When user starts using mouse, we hide gamepad/keyboard highlight (NB: but they are still available, which is why NavDisableHighlight isn't always != NavDisableMouseHover)
+    bool                    NavDisableMouseHover;               // When user starts using gamepad/keyboard, we hide mouse hovering highlight until mouse is touched again.
+
+    // Navigation: Init & Move Requests
+    bool                    NavAnyRequest;                      // ~~ NavMoveRequest || NavInitRequest this is to perform early out in ItemAdd()
+    bool                    NavInitRequest;                     // Init request for appearing window to select first item
+    bool                    NavInitRequestFromMove;
+    ImGuiID                 NavInitResultId;                    // Init request result (first item of the window, or one for which SetItemDefaultFocus() was called)
+    ImRect                  NavInitResultRectRel;               // Init request result rectangle (relative to parent window)
+    bool                    NavMoveSubmitted;                   // Move request submitted, will process result on next NewFrame()
+    bool                    NavMoveScoringItems;                // Move request submitted, still scoring incoming items
+    bool                    NavMoveForwardToNextFrame;
+    ImGuiNavMoveFlags       NavMoveFlags;
+    ImGuiScrollFlags        NavMoveScrollFlags;
+    ImGuiKeyChord           NavMoveKeyMods;
+    ImGuiDir                NavMoveDir;                         // Direction of the move request (left/right/up/down)
+    ImGuiDir                NavMoveDirForDebug;
+    ImGuiDir                NavMoveClipDir;                     // FIXME-NAV: Describe the purpose of this better. Might want to rename?
+    ImRect                  NavScoringRect;                     // Rectangle used for scoring, in screen space. Based of window->NavRectRel[], modified for directional navigation scoring.
+    ImRect                  NavScoringNoClipRect;               // Some nav operations (such as PageUp/PageDown) enforce a region which clipper will attempt to always keep submitted
+    int                     NavScoringDebugCount;               // Metrics for debugging
+    int                     NavTabbingDir;                      // Generally -1 or +1, 0 when tabbing without a nav id
+    int                     NavTabbingCounter;                  // >0 when counting items for tabbing
+    ImGuiNavItemData        NavMoveResultLocal;                 // Best move request candidate within NavWindow
+    ImGuiNavItemData        NavMoveResultLocalVisible;          // Best move request candidate within NavWindow that are mostly visible (when using ImGuiNavMoveFlags_AlsoScoreVisibleSet flag)
+    ImGuiNavItemData        NavMoveResultOther;                 // Best move request candidate within NavWindow's flattened hierarchy (when using ImGuiWindowFlags_NavFlattened flag)
+    ImGuiNavItemData        NavTabbingResultFirst;              // First tabbing request candidate within NavWindow and flattened hierarchy
+
+    // Navigation: Windowing (CTRL+TAB for list, or Menu button + keys or directional pads to move/resize)
+    ImGuiKeyChord           ConfigNavWindowingKeyNext;          // = ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiKey_Tab, for reconfiguration (see #4828)
+    ImGuiKeyChord           ConfigNavWindowingKeyPrev;          // = ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiMod_Shift | ImGuiKey_Tab
+    ImGuiWindow*            NavWindowingTarget;                 // Target window when doing CTRL+Tab (or Pad Menu + FocusPrev/Next), this window is temporarily displayed top-most!
+    ImGuiWindow*            NavWindowingTargetAnim;             // Record of last valid NavWindowingTarget until DimBgRatio and NavWindowingHighlightAlpha becomes 0.0f, so the fade-out can stay on it.
+    ImGuiWindow*            NavWindowingListWindow;             // Internal window actually listing the CTRL+Tab contents
+    float                   NavWindowingTimer;
+    float                   NavWindowingHighlightAlpha;
+    bool                    NavWindowingToggleLayer;
+    ImVec2                  NavWindowingAccumDeltaPos;
+    ImVec2                  NavWindowingAccumDeltaSize;
+
+    // Render
+    float                   DimBgRatio;                         // 0.0..1.0 animation when fading in a dimming background (for modal window and CTRL+TAB list)
+    ImGuiMouseCursor        MouseCursor;
+
+    // Drag and Drop
+    bool                    DragDropActive;
+    bool                    DragDropWithinSource;               // Set when within a BeginDragDropXXX/EndDragDropXXX block for a drag source.
+    bool                    DragDropWithinTarget;               // Set when within a BeginDragDropXXX/EndDragDropXXX block for a drag target.
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags      DragDropSourceFlags;
+    int                     DragDropSourceFrameCount;
+    int                     DragDropMouseButton;
+    ImGuiPayload            DragDropPayload;
+    ImRect                  DragDropTargetRect;                 // Store rectangle of current target candidate (we favor small targets when overlapping)
+    ImGuiID                 DragDropTargetId;
+    ImGuiDragDropFlags      DragDropAcceptFlags;
+    float                   DragDropAcceptIdCurrRectSurface;    // Target item surface (we resolve overlapping targets by prioritizing the smaller surface)
+    ImGuiID                 DragDropAcceptIdCurr;               // Target item id (set at the time of accepting the payload)
+    ImGuiID                 DragDropAcceptIdPrev;               // Target item id from previous frame (we need to store this to allow for overlapping drag and drop targets)
+    int                     DragDropAcceptFrameCount;           // Last time a target expressed a desire to accept the source
+    ImGuiID                 DragDropHoldJustPressedId;          // Set when holding a payload just made ButtonBehavior() return a press.
+    ImVector<unsigned char> DragDropPayloadBufHeap;             // We don't expose the ImVector<> directly, ImGuiPayload only holds pointer+size
+    unsigned char           DragDropPayloadBufLocal[16];        // Local buffer for small payloads
+
+    // Clipper
+    int                             ClipperTempDataStacked;
+    ImVector<ImGuiListClipperData>  ClipperTempData;
+
+    // Tables
+    ImGuiTable*                     CurrentTable;
+    int                             TablesTempDataStacked;      // Temporary table data size (because we leave previous instances undestructed, we generally don't use TablesTempData.Size)
+    ImVector<ImGuiTableTempData>    TablesTempData;             // Temporary table data (buffers reused/shared across instances, support nesting)
+    ImPool<ImGuiTable>              Tables;                     // Persistent table data
+    ImVector<float>                 TablesLastTimeActive;       // Last used timestamp of each tables (SOA, for efficient GC)
+    ImVector<ImDrawChannel>         DrawChannelsTempMergeBuffer;
+
+    // Tab bars
+    ImGuiTabBar*                    CurrentTabBar;
+    ImPool<ImGuiTabBar>             TabBars;
+    ImVector<ImGuiPtrOrIndex>       CurrentTabBarStack;
+    ImVector<ImGuiShrinkWidthItem>  ShrinkWidthBuffer;
+
+    // Hover Delay system
+    ImGuiID                 HoverDelayId;
+    ImGuiID                 HoverDelayIdPreviousFrame;
+    float                   HoverDelayTimer;                    // Currently used IsItemHovered(), generally inferred from g.HoveredIdTimer but kept uncleared until clear timer elapse.
+    float                   HoverDelayClearTimer;               // Currently used IsItemHovered(): grace time before g.TooltipHoverTimer gets cleared.
+
+    // Widget state
+    ImVec2                  MouseLastValidPos;
+    ImGuiInputTextState     InputTextState;
+    ImGuiInputTextDeactivatedState InputTextDeactivatedState;
+    ImFont                  InputTextPasswordFont;
+    ImGuiID                 TempInputId;                        // Temporary text input when CTRL+clicking on a slider, etc.
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags     ColorEditOptions;                   // Store user options for color edit widgets
+    ImGuiID                 ColorEditCurrentID;                 // Set temporarily while inside of the parent-most ColorEdit4/ColorPicker4 (because they call each others).
+    ImGuiID                 ColorEditSavedID;                   // ID we are saving/restoring HS for
+    float                   ColorEditSavedHue;                  // Backup of last Hue associated to LastColor, so we can restore Hue in lossy RGB<>HSV round trips
+    float                   ColorEditSavedSat;                  // Backup of last Saturation associated to LastColor, so we can restore Saturation in lossy RGB<>HSV round trips
+    ImU32                   ColorEditSavedColor;                // RGB value with alpha set to 0.
+    ImVec4                  ColorPickerRef;                     // Initial/reference color at the time of opening the color picker.
+    ImGuiComboPreviewData   ComboPreviewData;
+    float                   SliderGrabClickOffset;
+    float                   SliderCurrentAccum;                 // Accumulated slider delta when using navigation controls.
+    bool                    SliderCurrentAccumDirty;            // Has the accumulated slider delta changed since last time we tried to apply it?
+    bool                    DragCurrentAccumDirty;
+    float                   DragCurrentAccum;                   // Accumulator for dragging modification. Always high-precision, not rounded by end-user precision settings
+    float                   DragSpeedDefaultRatio;              // If speed == 0.0f, uses (max-min) * DragSpeedDefaultRatio
+    float                   ScrollbarClickDeltaToGrabCenter;    // Distance between mouse and center of grab box, normalized in parent space. Use storage?
+    float                   DisabledAlphaBackup;                // Backup for style.Alpha for BeginDisabled()
+    short                   DisabledStackSize;
+    short                   TooltipOverrideCount;
+    ImVector<char>          ClipboardHandlerData;               // If no custom clipboard handler is defined
+    ImVector<ImGuiID>       MenusIdSubmittedThisFrame;          // A list of menu IDs that were rendered at least once
+
+    // Platform support
+    ImGuiPlatformImeData    PlatformImeData;                    // Data updated by current frame
+    ImGuiPlatformImeData    PlatformImeDataPrev;                // Previous frame data (when changing we will call io.SetPlatformImeDataFn
+    ImGuiID                 PlatformImeViewport;
+    char                    PlatformLocaleDecimalPoint;         // '.' or *localeconv()->decimal_point
+
+    // Extensions
+    // FIXME: We could provide an API to register one slot in an array held in ImGuiContext?
+    ImGuiDockContext        DockContext;
+    void                    (*DockNodeWindowMenuHandler)(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+
+    // Settings
+    bool                    SettingsLoaded;
+    float                   SettingsDirtyTimer;                 // Save .ini Settings to memory when time reaches zero
+    ImGuiTextBuffer         SettingsIniData;                    // In memory .ini settings
+    ImVector<ImGuiSettingsHandler>      SettingsHandlers;       // List of .ini settings handlers
+    ImChunkStream<ImGuiWindowSettings>  SettingsWindows;        // ImGuiWindow .ini settings entries
+    ImChunkStream<ImGuiTableSettings>   SettingsTables;         // ImGuiTable .ini settings entries
+    ImVector<ImGuiContextHook>          Hooks;                  // Hooks for extensions (e.g. test engine)
+    ImGuiID                             HookIdNext;             // Next available HookId
+
+    // Localization
+    const char*             LocalizationTable[ImGuiLocKey_COUNT];
+
+    // Capture/Logging
+    bool                    LogEnabled;                         // Currently capturing
+    ImGuiLogType            LogType;                            // Capture target
+    ImFileHandle            LogFile;                            // If != NULL log to stdout/ file
+    ImGuiTextBuffer         LogBuffer;                          // Accumulation buffer when log to clipboard. This is pointer so our GImGui static constructor doesn't call heap allocators.
+    const char*             LogNextPrefix;
+    const char*             LogNextSuffix;
+    float                   LogLinePosY;
+    bool                    LogLineFirstItem;
+    int                     LogDepthRef;
+    int                     LogDepthToExpand;
+    int                     LogDepthToExpandDefault;            // Default/stored value for LogDepthMaxExpand if not specified in the LogXXX function call.
+
+    // Debug Tools
+    ImGuiDebugLogFlags      DebugLogFlags;
+    ImGuiTextBuffer         DebugLogBuf;
+    ImGuiTextIndex          DebugLogIndex;
+    ImU8                    DebugLogClipperAutoDisableFrames;
+    ImU8                    DebugLocateFrames;                  // For DebugLocateItemOnHover(). This is used together with DebugLocateId which is in a hot/cached spot above.
+    ImS8                    DebugBeginReturnValueCullDepth;     // Cycle between 0..9 then wrap around.
+    bool                    DebugItemPickerActive;              // Item picker is active (started with DebugStartItemPicker())
+    ImU8                    DebugItemPickerMouseButton;
+    ImGuiID                 DebugItemPickerBreakId;             // Will call IM_DEBUG_BREAK() when encountering this ID
+    ImGuiMetricsConfig      DebugMetricsConfig;
+    ImGuiStackTool          DebugStackTool;
+    ImGuiDockNode*          DebugHoveredDockNode;               // Hovered dock node.
+
+    // Misc
+    float                   FramerateSecPerFrame[60];           // Calculate estimate of framerate for user over the last 60 frames..
+    int                     FramerateSecPerFrameIdx;
+    int                     FramerateSecPerFrameCount;
+    float                   FramerateSecPerFrameAccum;
+    int                     WantCaptureMouseNextFrame;          // Explicit capture override via SetNextFrameWantCaptureMouse()/SetNextFrameWantCaptureKeyboard(). Default to -1.
+    int                     WantCaptureKeyboardNextFrame;       // "
+    int                     WantTextInputNextFrame;
+    ImVector<char>          TempBuffer;                         // Temporary text buffer
+
+    ImGuiContext(ImFontAtlas* shared_font_atlas)
+    {
+        IO.Ctx = this;
+        InputTextState.Ctx = this;
+
+        Initialized = false;
+        ConfigFlagsCurrFrame = ConfigFlagsLastFrame = ImGuiConfigFlags_None;
+        FontAtlasOwnedByContext = shared_font_atlas ? false : true;
+        Font = NULL;
+        FontSize = FontBaseSize = 0.0f;
+        IO.Fonts = shared_font_atlas ? shared_font_atlas : IM_NEW(ImFontAtlas)();
+        Time = 0.0f;
+        FrameCount = 0;
+        FrameCountEnded = FrameCountPlatformEnded = FrameCountRendered = -1;
+        WithinFrameScope = WithinFrameScopeWithImplicitWindow = WithinEndChild = false;
+        GcCompactAll = false;
+        TestEngineHookItems = false;
+        TestEngine = NULL;
+
+        InputEventsNextMouseSource = ImGuiMouseSource_Mouse;
+        InputEventsNextEventId = 1;
+
+        WindowsActiveCount = 0;
+        CurrentWindow = NULL;
+        HoveredWindow = NULL;
+        HoveredWindowUnderMovingWindow = NULL;
+        MovingWindow = NULL;
+        WheelingWindow = NULL;
+        WheelingWindowStartFrame = -1;
+        WheelingWindowReleaseTimer = 0.0f;
+
+        DebugHookIdInfo = 0;
+        HoveredId = HoveredIdPreviousFrame = 0;
+        HoveredIdAllowOverlap = false;
+        HoveredIdDisabled = false;
+        HoveredIdTimer = HoveredIdNotActiveTimer = 0.0f;
+        ActiveId = 0;
+        ActiveIdIsAlive = 0;
+        ActiveIdTimer = 0.0f;
+        ActiveIdIsJustActivated = false;
+        ActiveIdAllowOverlap = false;
+        ActiveIdNoClearOnFocusLoss = false;
+        ActiveIdHasBeenPressedBefore = false;
+        ActiveIdHasBeenEditedBefore = false;
+        ActiveIdHasBeenEditedThisFrame = false;
+        ActiveIdClickOffset = ImVec2(-1, -1);
+        ActiveIdWindow = NULL;
+        ActiveIdSource = ImGuiInputSource_None;
+        ActiveIdMouseButton = -1;
+        ActiveIdPreviousFrame = 0;
+        ActiveIdPreviousFrameIsAlive = false;
+        ActiveIdPreviousFrameHasBeenEditedBefore = false;
+        ActiveIdPreviousFrameWindow = NULL;
+        LastActiveId = 0;
+        LastActiveIdTimer = 0.0f;
+
+        ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask = 0x00;
+        ActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys = false;
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+        ActiveIdUsingNavInputMask = 0x00;
+#endif
+
+        CurrentFocusScopeId = 0;
+        CurrentItemFlags = ImGuiItemFlags_None;
+        BeginMenuCount = 0;
+
+        CurrentDpiScale = 0.0f;
+        CurrentViewport = NULL;
+        MouseViewport = MouseLastHoveredViewport = NULL;
+        PlatformLastFocusedViewportId = 0;
+        ViewportFocusedStampCount = 0;
+
+        NavWindow = NULL;
+        NavId = NavFocusScopeId = NavActivateId = NavActivateDownId = NavActivatePressedId = 0;
+        NavJustMovedToId = NavJustMovedToFocusScopeId = NavNextActivateId = 0;
+        NavActivateFlags = NavNextActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_None;
+        NavJustMovedToKeyMods = ImGuiMod_None;
+        NavInputSource = ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard;
+        NavLayer = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+        NavIdIsAlive = false;
+        NavMousePosDirty = false;
+        NavDisableHighlight = true;
+        NavDisableMouseHover = false;
+        NavAnyRequest = false;
+        NavInitRequest = false;
+        NavInitRequestFromMove = false;
+        NavInitResultId = 0;
+        NavMoveSubmitted = false;
+        NavMoveScoringItems = false;
+        NavMoveForwardToNextFrame = false;
+        NavMoveFlags = ImGuiNavMoveFlags_None;
+        NavMoveScrollFlags = ImGuiScrollFlags_None;
+        NavMoveKeyMods = ImGuiMod_None;
+        NavMoveDir = NavMoveDirForDebug = NavMoveClipDir = ImGuiDir_None;
+        NavScoringDebugCount = 0;
+        NavTabbingDir = 0;
+        NavTabbingCounter = 0;
+
+        ConfigNavWindowingKeyNext = ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiKey_Tab;
+        ConfigNavWindowingKeyPrev = ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiMod_Shift | ImGuiKey_Tab;
+        NavWindowingTarget = NavWindowingTargetAnim = NavWindowingListWindow = NULL;
+        NavWindowingTimer = NavWindowingHighlightAlpha = 0.0f;
+        NavWindowingToggleLayer = false;
+
+        DimBgRatio = 0.0f;
+        MouseCursor = ImGuiMouseCursor_Arrow;
+
+        DragDropActive = DragDropWithinSource = DragDropWithinTarget = false;
+        DragDropSourceFlags = ImGuiDragDropFlags_None;
+        DragDropSourceFrameCount = -1;
+        DragDropMouseButton = -1;
+        DragDropTargetId = 0;
+        DragDropAcceptFlags = ImGuiDragDropFlags_None;
+        DragDropAcceptIdCurrRectSurface = 0.0f;
+        DragDropAcceptIdPrev = DragDropAcceptIdCurr = 0;
+        DragDropAcceptFrameCount = -1;
+        DragDropHoldJustPressedId = 0;
+        memset(DragDropPayloadBufLocal, 0, sizeof(DragDropPayloadBufLocal));
+
+        ClipperTempDataStacked = 0;
+
+        CurrentTable = NULL;
+        TablesTempDataStacked = 0;
+        CurrentTabBar = NULL;
+
+        HoverDelayId = HoverDelayIdPreviousFrame = 0;
+        HoverDelayTimer = HoverDelayClearTimer = 0.0f;
+
+        TempInputId = 0;
+        ColorEditOptions = ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_;
+        ColorEditCurrentID = ColorEditSavedID = 0;
+        ColorEditSavedHue = ColorEditSavedSat = 0.0f;
+        ColorEditSavedColor = 0;
+        SliderGrabClickOffset = 0.0f;
+        SliderCurrentAccum = 0.0f;
+        SliderCurrentAccumDirty = false;
+        DragCurrentAccumDirty = false;
+        DragCurrentAccum = 0.0f;
+        DragSpeedDefaultRatio = 1.0f / 100.0f;
+        ScrollbarClickDeltaToGrabCenter = 0.0f;
+        DisabledAlphaBackup = 0.0f;
+        DisabledStackSize = 0;
+        TooltipOverrideCount = 0;
+
+        PlatformImeData.InputPos = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+        PlatformImeDataPrev.InputPos = ImVec2(-1.0f, -1.0f); // Different to ensure initial submission
+        PlatformImeViewport = 0;
+        PlatformLocaleDecimalPoint = '.';
+
+        DockNodeWindowMenuHandler = NULL;
+
+        SettingsLoaded = false;
+        SettingsDirtyTimer = 0.0f;
+        HookIdNext = 0;
+
+        memset(LocalizationTable, 0, sizeof(LocalizationTable));
+
+        LogEnabled = false;
+        LogType = ImGuiLogType_None;
+        LogNextPrefix = LogNextSuffix = NULL;
+        LogFile = NULL;
+        LogLinePosY = FLT_MAX;
+        LogLineFirstItem = false;
+        LogDepthRef = 0;
+        LogDepthToExpand = LogDepthToExpandDefault = 2;
+
+        DebugLogFlags = ImGuiDebugLogFlags_OutputToTTY;
+        DebugLocateId = 0;
+        DebugLogClipperAutoDisableFrames = 0;
+        DebugLocateFrames = 0;
+        DebugBeginReturnValueCullDepth = -1;
+        DebugItemPickerActive = false;
+        DebugItemPickerMouseButton = ImGuiMouseButton_Left;
+        DebugItemPickerBreakId = 0;
+        DebugHoveredDockNode = NULL;
+
+        memset(FramerateSecPerFrame, 0, sizeof(FramerateSecPerFrame));
+        FramerateSecPerFrameIdx = FramerateSecPerFrameCount = 0;
+        FramerateSecPerFrameAccum = 0.0f;
+        WantCaptureMouseNextFrame = WantCaptureKeyboardNextFrame = WantTextInputNextFrame = -1;
+    }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGuiWindowTempData, ImGuiWindow
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Transient per-window data, reset at the beginning of the frame. This used to be called ImGuiDrawContext, hence the DC variable name in ImGuiWindow.
+// (That's theory, in practice the delimitation between ImGuiWindow and ImGuiWindowTempData is quite tenuous and could be reconsidered..)
+// (This doesn't need a constructor because we zero-clear it as part of ImGuiWindow and all frame-temporary data are setup on Begin)
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiWindowTempData
+{
+    // Layout
+    ImVec2                  CursorPos;              // Current emitting position, in absolute coordinates.
+    ImVec2                  CursorPosPrevLine;
+    ImVec2                  CursorStartPos;         // Initial position after Begin(), generally ~ window position + WindowPadding.
+    ImVec2                  CursorMaxPos;           // Used to implicitly calculate ContentSize at the beginning of next frame, for scrolling range and auto-resize. Always growing during the frame.
+    ImVec2                  IdealMaxPos;            // Used to implicitly calculate ContentSizeIdeal at the beginning of next frame, for auto-resize only. Always growing during the frame.
+    ImVec2                  CurrLineSize;
+    ImVec2                  PrevLineSize;
+    float                   CurrLineTextBaseOffset; // Baseline offset (0.0f by default on a new line, generally == style.FramePadding.y when a framed item has been added).
+    float                   PrevLineTextBaseOffset;
+    bool                    IsSameLine;
+    bool                    IsSetPos;
+    ImVec1                  Indent;                 // Indentation / start position from left of window (increased by TreePush/TreePop, etc.)
+    ImVec1                  ColumnsOffset;          // Offset to the current column (if ColumnsCurrent > 0). FIXME: This and the above should be a stack to allow use cases like Tree->Column->Tree. Need revamp columns API.
+    ImVec1                  GroupOffset;
+    ImVec2                  CursorStartPosLossyness;// Record the loss of precision of CursorStartPos due to really large scrolling amount. This is used by clipper to compensentate and fix the most common use case of large scroll area.
+
+    // Keyboard/Gamepad navigation
+    ImGuiNavLayer           NavLayerCurrent;        // Current layer, 0..31 (we currently only use 0..1)
+    short                   NavLayersActiveMask;    // Which layers have been written to (result from previous frame)
+    short                   NavLayersActiveMaskNext;// Which layers have been written to (accumulator for current frame)
+    bool                    NavHideHighlightOneFrame;
+    bool                    NavHasScroll;           // Set when scrolling can be used (ScrollMax > 0.0f)
+
+    // Miscellaneous
+    bool                    MenuBarAppending;       // FIXME: Remove this
+    ImVec2                  MenuBarOffset;          // MenuBarOffset.x is sort of equivalent of a per-layer CursorPos.x, saved/restored as we switch to the menu bar. The only situation when MenuBarOffset.y is > 0 if when (SafeAreaPadding.y > FramePadding.y), often used on TVs.
+    ImGuiMenuColumns        MenuColumns;            // Simplified columns storage for menu items measurement
+    int                     TreeDepth;              // Current tree depth.
+    ImU32                   TreeJumpToParentOnPopMask; // Store a copy of !g.NavIdIsAlive for TreeDepth 0..31.. Could be turned into a ImU64 if necessary.
+    ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>  ChildWindows;
+    ImGuiStorage*           StateStorage;           // Current persistent per-window storage (store e.g. tree node open/close state)
+    ImGuiOldColumns*        CurrentColumns;         // Current columns set
+    int                     CurrentTableIdx;        // Current table index (into g.Tables)
+    ImGuiLayoutType         LayoutType;
+    ImGuiLayoutType         ParentLayoutType;       // Layout type of parent window at the time of Begin()
+
+    // Local parameters stacks
+    // We store the current settings outside of the vectors to increase memory locality (reduce cache misses). The vectors are rarely modified. Also it allows us to not heap allocate for short-lived windows which are not using those settings.
+    float                   ItemWidth;              // Current item width (>0.0: width in pixels, <0.0: align xx pixels to the right of window).
+    float                   TextWrapPos;            // Current text wrap pos.
+    ImVector<float>         ItemWidthStack;         // Store item widths to restore (attention: .back() is not == ItemWidth)
+    ImVector<float>         TextWrapPosStack;       // Store text wrap pos to restore (attention: .back() is not == TextWrapPos)
+};
+
+// Storage for one window
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiWindow
+{
+    ImGuiContext*           Ctx;                                // Parent UI context (needs to be set explicitly by parent).
+    char*                   Name;                               // Window name, owned by the window.
+    ImGuiID                 ID;                                 // == ImHashStr(Name)
+    ImGuiWindowFlags        Flags, FlagsPreviousFrame;          // See enum ImGuiWindowFlags_
+    ImGuiWindowClass        WindowClass;                        // Advanced users only. Set with SetNextWindowClass()
+    ImGuiViewportP*         Viewport;                           // Always set in Begin(). Inactive windows may have a NULL value here if their viewport was discarded.
+    ImGuiID                 ViewportId;                         // We backup the viewport id (since the viewport may disappear or never be created if the window is inactive)
+    ImVec2                  ViewportPos;                        // We backup the viewport position (since the viewport may disappear or never be created if the window is inactive)
+    int                     ViewportAllowPlatformMonitorExtend; // Reset to -1 every frame (index is guaranteed to be valid between NewFrame..EndFrame), only used in the Appearing frame of a tooltip/popup to enforce clamping to a given monitor
+    ImVec2                  Pos;                                // Position (always rounded-up to nearest pixel)
+    ImVec2                  Size;                               // Current size (==SizeFull or collapsed title bar size)
+    ImVec2                  SizeFull;                           // Size when non collapsed
+    ImVec2                  ContentSize;                        // Size of contents/scrollable client area (calculated from the extents reach of the cursor) from previous frame. Does not include window decoration or window padding.
+    ImVec2                  ContentSizeIdeal;
+    ImVec2                  ContentSizeExplicit;                // Size of contents/scrollable client area explicitly request by the user via SetNextWindowContentSize().
+    ImVec2                  WindowPadding;                      // Window padding at the time of Begin().
+    float                   WindowRounding;                     // Window rounding at the time of Begin(). May be clamped lower to avoid rendering artifacts with title bar, menu bar etc.
+    float                   WindowBorderSize;                   // Window border size at the time of Begin().
+    float                   DecoOuterSizeX1, DecoOuterSizeY1;   // Left/Up offsets. Sum of non-scrolling outer decorations (X1 generally == 0.0f. Y1 generally = TitleBarHeight + MenuBarHeight). Locked during Begin().
+    float                   DecoOuterSizeX2, DecoOuterSizeY2;   // Right/Down offsets (X2 generally == ScrollbarSize.x, Y2 == ScrollbarSizes.y).
+    float                   DecoInnerSizeX1, DecoInnerSizeY1;   // Applied AFTER/OVER InnerRect. Specialized for Tables as they use specialized form of clipping and frozen rows/columns are inside InnerRect (and not part of regular decoration sizes).
+    int                     NameBufLen;                         // Size of buffer storing Name. May be larger than strlen(Name)!
+    ImGuiID                 MoveId;                             // == window->GetID("#MOVE")
+    ImGuiID                 TabId;                              // == window->GetID("#TAB")
+    ImGuiID                 ChildId;                            // ID of corresponding item in parent window (for navigation to return from child window to parent window)
+    ImVec2                  Scroll;
+    ImVec2                  ScrollMax;
+    ImVec2                  ScrollTarget;                       // target scroll position. stored as cursor position with scrolling canceled out, so the highest point is always 0.0f. (FLT_MAX for no change)
+    ImVec2                  ScrollTargetCenterRatio;            // 0.0f = scroll so that target position is at top, 0.5f = scroll so that target position is centered
+    ImVec2                  ScrollTargetEdgeSnapDist;           // 0.0f = no snapping, >0.0f snapping threshold
+    ImVec2                  ScrollbarSizes;                     // Size taken by each scrollbars on their smaller axis. Pay attention! ScrollbarSizes.x == width of the vertical scrollbar, ScrollbarSizes.y = height of the horizontal scrollbar.
+    bool                    ScrollbarX, ScrollbarY;             // Are scrollbars visible?
+    bool                    ViewportOwned;
+    bool                    Active;                             // Set to true on Begin(), unless Collapsed
+    bool                    WasActive;
+    bool                    WriteAccessed;                      // Set to true when any widget access the current window
+    bool                    Collapsed;                          // Set when collapsing window to become only title-bar
+    bool                    WantCollapseToggle;
+    bool                    SkipItems;                          // Set when items can safely be all clipped (e.g. window not visible or collapsed)
+    bool                    Appearing;                          // Set during the frame where the window is appearing (or re-appearing)
+    bool                    Hidden;                             // Do not display (== HiddenFrames*** > 0)
+    bool                    IsFallbackWindow;                   // Set on the "Debug##Default" window.
+    bool                    IsExplicitChild;                    // Set when passed _ChildWindow, left to false by BeginDocked()
+    bool                    HasCloseButton;                     // Set when the window has a close button (p_open != NULL)
+    signed char             ResizeBorderHeld;                   // Current border being held for resize (-1: none, otherwise 0-3)
+    short                   BeginCount;                         // Number of Begin() during the current frame (generally 0 or 1, 1+ if appending via multiple Begin/End pairs)
+    short                   BeginCountPreviousFrame;            // Number of Begin() during the previous frame
+    short                   BeginOrderWithinParent;             // Begin() order within immediate parent window, if we are a child window. Otherwise 0.
+    short                   BeginOrderWithinContext;            // Begin() order within entire imgui context. This is mostly used for debugging submission order related issues.
+    short                   FocusOrder;                         // Order within WindowsFocusOrder[], altered when windows are focused.
+    ImGuiID                 PopupId;                            // ID in the popup stack when this window is used as a popup/menu (because we use generic Name/ID for recycling)
+    ImS8                    AutoFitFramesX, AutoFitFramesY;
+    ImS8                    AutoFitChildAxises;
+    bool                    AutoFitOnlyGrows;
+    ImGuiDir                AutoPosLastDirection;
+    ImS8                    HiddenFramesCanSkipItems;           // Hide the window for N frames
+    ImS8                    HiddenFramesCannotSkipItems;        // Hide the window for N frames while allowing items to be submitted so we can measure their size
+    ImS8                    HiddenFramesForRenderOnly;          // Hide the window until frame N at Render() time only
+    ImS8                    DisableInputsFrames;                // Disable window interactions for N frames
+    ImGuiCond               SetWindowPosAllowFlags : 8;         // store acceptable condition flags for SetNextWindowPos() use.
+    ImGuiCond               SetWindowSizeAllowFlags : 8;        // store acceptable condition flags for SetNextWindowSize() use.
+    ImGuiCond               SetWindowCollapsedAllowFlags : 8;   // store acceptable condition flags for SetNextWindowCollapsed() use.
+    ImGuiCond               SetWindowDockAllowFlags : 8;        // store acceptable condition flags for SetNextWindowDock() use.
+    ImVec2                  SetWindowPosVal;                    // store window position when using a non-zero Pivot (position set needs to be processed when we know the window size)
+    ImVec2                  SetWindowPosPivot;                  // store window pivot for positioning. ImVec2(0, 0) when positioning from top-left corner; ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f) for centering; ImVec2(1, 1) for bottom right.
+
+    ImVector<ImGuiID>       IDStack;                            // ID stack. ID are hashes seeded with the value at the top of the stack. (In theory this should be in the TempData structure)
+    ImGuiWindowTempData     DC;                                 // Temporary per-window data, reset at the beginning of the frame. This used to be called ImGuiDrawContext, hence the "DC" variable name.
+
+    // The best way to understand what those rectangles are is to use the 'Metrics->Tools->Show Windows Rectangles' viewer.
+    // The main 'OuterRect', omitted as a field, is window->Rect().
+    ImRect                  OuterRectClipped;                   // == Window->Rect() just after setup in Begin(). == window->Rect() for root window.
+    ImRect                  InnerRect;                          // Inner rectangle (omit title bar, menu bar, scroll bar)
+    ImRect                  InnerClipRect;                      // == InnerRect shrunk by WindowPadding*0.5f on each side, clipped within viewport or parent clip rect.
+    ImRect                  WorkRect;                           // Initially covers the whole scrolling region. Reduced by containers e.g columns/tables when active. Shrunk by WindowPadding*1.0f on each side. This is meant to replace ContentRegionRect over time (from 1.71+ onward).
+    ImRect                  ParentWorkRect;                     // Backup of WorkRect before entering a container such as columns/tables. Used by e.g. SpanAllColumns functions to easily access. Stacked containers are responsible for maintaining this. // FIXME-WORKRECT: Could be a stack?
+    ImRect                  ClipRect;                           // Current clipping/scissoring rectangle, evolve as we are using PushClipRect(), etc. == DrawList->clip_rect_stack.back().
+    ImRect                  ContentRegionRect;                  // FIXME: This is currently confusing/misleading. It is essentially WorkRect but not handling of scrolling. We currently rely on it as right/bottom aligned sizing operation need some size to rely on.
+    ImVec2ih                HitTestHoleSize;                    // Define an optional rectangular hole where mouse will pass-through the window.
+    ImVec2ih                HitTestHoleOffset;
+
+    int                     LastFrameActive;                    // Last frame number the window was Active.
+    int                     LastFrameJustFocused;               // Last frame number the window was made Focused.
+    float                   LastTimeActive;                     // Last timestamp the window was Active (using float as we don't need high precision there)
+    float                   ItemWidthDefault;
+    ImGuiStorage            StateStorage;
+    ImVector<ImGuiOldColumns> ColumnsStorage;
+    float                   FontWindowScale;                    // User scale multiplier per-window, via SetWindowFontScale()
+    float                   FontDpiScale;
+    int                     SettingsOffset;                     // Offset into SettingsWindows[] (offsets are always valid as we only grow the array from the back)
+
+    ImDrawList*             DrawList;                           // == &DrawListInst (for backward compatibility reason with code using imgui_internal.h we keep this a pointer)
+    ImDrawList              DrawListInst;
+    ImGuiWindow*            ParentWindow;                       // If we are a child _or_ popup _or_ docked window, this is pointing to our parent. Otherwise NULL.
+    ImGuiWindow*            ParentWindowInBeginStack;
+    ImGuiWindow*            RootWindow;                         // Point to ourself or first ancestor that is not a child window. Doesn't cross through popups/dock nodes.
+    ImGuiWindow*            RootWindowPopupTree;                // Point to ourself or first ancestor that is not a child window. Cross through popups parent<>child.
+    ImGuiWindow*            RootWindowDockTree;                 // Point to ourself or first ancestor that is not a child window. Cross through dock nodes.
+    ImGuiWindow*            RootWindowForTitleBarHighlight;     // Point to ourself or first ancestor which will display TitleBgActive color when this window is active.
+    ImGuiWindow*            RootWindowForNav;                   // Point to ourself or first ancestor which doesn't have the NavFlattened flag.
+
+    ImGuiWindow*            NavLastChildNavWindow;              // When going to the menu bar, we remember the child window we came from. (This could probably be made implicit if we kept g.Windows sorted by last focused including child window.)
+    ImGuiID                 NavLastIds[ImGuiNavLayer_COUNT];    // Last known NavId for this window, per layer (0/1)
+    ImRect                  NavRectRel[ImGuiNavLayer_COUNT];    // Reference rectangle, in window relative space
+    ImGuiID                 NavRootFocusScopeId;                // Focus Scope ID at the time of Begin()
+
+    int                     MemoryDrawListIdxCapacity;          // Backup of last idx/vtx count, so when waking up the window we can preallocate and avoid iterative alloc/copy
+    int                     MemoryDrawListVtxCapacity;
+    bool                    MemoryCompacted;                    // Set when window extraneous data have been garbage collected
+
+    // Docking
+    bool                    DockIsActive        :1;             // When docking artifacts are actually visible. When this is set, DockNode is guaranteed to be != NULL. ~~ (DockNode != NULL) && (DockNode->Windows.Size > 1).
+    bool                    DockNodeIsVisible   :1;
+    bool                    DockTabIsVisible    :1;             // Is our window visible this frame? ~~ is the corresponding tab selected?
+    bool                    DockTabWantClose    :1;
+    short                   DockOrder;                          // Order of the last time the window was visible within its DockNode. This is used to reorder windows that are reappearing on the same frame. Same value between windows that were active and windows that were none are possible.
+    ImGuiWindowDockStyle    DockStyle;
+    ImGuiDockNode*          DockNode;                           // Which node are we docked into. Important: Prefer testing DockIsActive in many cases as this will still be set when the dock node is hidden.
+    ImGuiDockNode*          DockNodeAsHost;                     // Which node are we owning (for parent windows)
+    ImGuiID                 DockId;                             // Backup of last valid DockNode->ID, so single window remember their dock node id even when they are not bound any more
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags    DockTabItemStatusFlags;
+    ImRect                  DockTabItemRect;
+
+public:
+    ImGuiWindow(ImGuiContext* context, const char* name);
+    ~ImGuiWindow();
+
+    ImGuiID     GetID(const char* str, const char* str_end = NULL);
+    ImGuiID     GetID(const void* ptr);
+    ImGuiID     GetID(int n);
+    ImGuiID     GetIDFromRectangle(const ImRect& r_abs);
+
+    // We don't use g.FontSize because the window may be != g.CurrentWindow.
+    ImRect      Rect() const            { return ImRect(Pos.x, Pos.y, Pos.x + Size.x, Pos.y + Size.y); }
+    float       CalcFontSize() const    { ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx; float scale = g.FontBaseSize * FontWindowScale * FontDpiScale; if (ParentWindow) scale *= ParentWindow->FontWindowScale; return scale; }
+    float       TitleBarHeight() const  { ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx; return (Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) ? 0.0f : CalcFontSize() + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f; }
+    ImRect      TitleBarRect() const    { return ImRect(Pos, ImVec2(Pos.x + SizeFull.x, Pos.y + TitleBarHeight())); }
+    float       MenuBarHeight() const   { ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx; return (Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar) ? DC.MenuBarOffset.y + CalcFontSize() + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f : 0.0f; }
+    ImRect      MenuBarRect() const     { float y1 = Pos.y + TitleBarHeight(); return ImRect(Pos.x, y1, Pos.x + SizeFull.x, y1 + MenuBarHeight()); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tab bar, Tab item support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Extend ImGuiTabBarFlags_
+enum ImGuiTabBarFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode                   = 1 << 20,  // Part of a dock node [we don't use this in the master branch but it facilitate branch syncing to keep this around]
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_IsFocused                  = 1 << 21,
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags_SaveSettings               = 1 << 22,  // FIXME: Settings are handled by the docking system, this only request the tab bar to mark settings dirty when reordering tabs
+};
+
+// Extend ImGuiTabItemFlags_
+enum ImGuiTabItemFlagsPrivate_
+{
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_              = ImGuiTabItemFlags_Leading | ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing,
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseButton             = 1 << 20,  // Track whether p_open was set or not (we'll need this info on the next frame to recompute ContentWidth during layout)
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button                    = 1 << 21,  // Used by TabItemButton, change the tab item behavior to mimic a button
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_Unsorted                  = 1 << 22,  // [Docking] Trailing tabs with the _Unsorted flag will be sorted based on the DockOrder of their Window.
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags_Preview                   = 1 << 23,  // [Docking] Display tab shape for docking preview (height is adjusted slightly to compensate for the yet missing tab bar)
+};
+
+// Storage for one active tab item (sizeof() 48 bytes)
+struct ImGuiTabItem
+{
+    ImGuiID             ID;
+    ImGuiTabItemFlags   Flags;
+    ImGuiWindow*        Window;                 // When TabItem is part of a DockNode's TabBar, we hold on to a window.
+    int                 LastFrameVisible;
+    int                 LastFrameSelected;      // This allows us to infer an ordered list of the last activated tabs with little maintenance
+    float               Offset;                 // Position relative to beginning of tab
+    float               Width;                  // Width currently displayed
+    float               ContentWidth;           // Width of label, stored during BeginTabItem() call
+    float               RequestedWidth;         // Width optionally requested by caller, -1.0f is unused
+    ImS32               NameOffset;             // When Window==NULL, offset to name within parent ImGuiTabBar::TabsNames
+    ImS16               BeginOrder;             // BeginTabItem() order, used to re-order tabs after toggling ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable
+    ImS16               IndexDuringLayout;      // Index only used during TabBarLayout(). Tabs gets reordered so 'Tabs[n].IndexDuringLayout == n' but may mismatch during additions.
+    bool                WantClose;              // Marked as closed by SetTabItemClosed()
+
+    ImGuiTabItem()      { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); LastFrameVisible = LastFrameSelected = -1; RequestedWidth = -1.0f; NameOffset = -1; BeginOrder = IndexDuringLayout = -1; }
+};
+
+// Storage for a tab bar (sizeof() 152 bytes)
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiTabBar
+{
+    ImVector<ImGuiTabItem> Tabs;
+    ImGuiTabBarFlags    Flags;
+    ImGuiID             ID;                     // Zero for tab-bars used by docking
+    ImGuiID             SelectedTabId;          // Selected tab/window
+    ImGuiID             NextSelectedTabId;      // Next selected tab/window. Will also trigger a scrolling animation
+    ImGuiID             VisibleTabId;           // Can occasionally be != SelectedTabId (e.g. when previewing contents for CTRL+TAB preview)
+    int                 CurrFrameVisible;
+    int                 PrevFrameVisible;
+    ImRect              BarRect;
+    float               CurrTabsContentsHeight;
+    float               PrevTabsContentsHeight; // Record the height of contents submitted below the tab bar
+    float               WidthAllTabs;           // Actual width of all tabs (locked during layout)
+    float               WidthAllTabsIdeal;      // Ideal width if all tabs were visible and not clipped
+    float               ScrollingAnim;
+    float               ScrollingTarget;
+    float               ScrollingTargetDistToVisibility;
+    float               ScrollingSpeed;
+    float               ScrollingRectMinX;
+    float               ScrollingRectMaxX;
+    ImGuiID             ReorderRequestTabId;
+    ImS16               ReorderRequestOffset;
+    ImS8                BeginCount;
+    bool                WantLayout;
+    bool                VisibleTabWasSubmitted;
+    bool                TabsAddedNew;           // Set to true when a new tab item or button has been added to the tab bar during last frame
+    ImS16               TabsActiveCount;        // Number of tabs submitted this frame.
+    ImS16               LastTabItemIdx;         // Index of last BeginTabItem() tab for use by EndTabItem()
+    float               ItemSpacingY;
+    ImVec2              FramePadding;           // style.FramePadding locked at the time of BeginTabBar()
+    ImVec2              BackupCursorPos;
+    ImGuiTextBuffer     TabsNames;              // For non-docking tab bar we re-append names in a contiguous buffer.
+
+    ImGuiTabBar();
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Table support
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#define IM_COL32_DISABLE                IM_COL32(0,0,0,1)   // Special sentinel code which cannot be used as a regular color.
+#define IMGUI_TABLE_MAX_COLUMNS         512                 // May be further lifted
+
+// Our current column maximum is 64 but we may raise that in the future.
+typedef ImS16 ImGuiTableColumnIdx;
+typedef ImU16 ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx;
+
+// [Internal] sizeof() ~ 104
+// We use the terminology "Enabled" to refer to a column that is not Hidden by user/api.
+// We use the terminology "Clipped" to refer to a column that is out of sight because of scrolling/clipping.
+// This is in contrast with some user-facing api such as IsItemVisible() / IsRectVisible() which use "Visible" to mean "not clipped".
+struct ImGuiTableColumn
+{
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags   Flags;                          // Flags after some patching (not directly same as provided by user). See ImGuiTableColumnFlags_
+    float                   WidthGiven;                     // Final/actual width visible == (MaxX - MinX), locked in TableUpdateLayout(). May be > WidthRequest to honor minimum width, may be < WidthRequest to honor shrinking columns down in tight space.
+    float                   MinX;                           // Absolute positions
+    float                   MaxX;
+    float                   WidthRequest;                   // Master width absolute value when !(Flags & _WidthStretch). When Stretch this is derived every frame from StretchWeight in TableUpdateLayout()
+    float                   WidthAuto;                      // Automatic width
+    float                   StretchWeight;                  // Master width weight when (Flags & _WidthStretch). Often around ~1.0f initially.
+    float                   InitStretchWeightOrWidth;       // Value passed to TableSetupColumn(). For Width it is a content width (_without padding_).
+    ImRect                  ClipRect;                       // Clipping rectangle for the column
+    ImGuiID                 UserID;                         // Optional, value passed to TableSetupColumn()
+    float                   WorkMinX;                       // Contents region min ~(MinX + CellPaddingX + CellSpacingX1) == cursor start position when entering column
+    float                   WorkMaxX;                       // Contents region max ~(MaxX - CellPaddingX - CellSpacingX2)
+    float                   ItemWidth;                      // Current item width for the column, preserved across rows
+    float                   ContentMaxXFrozen;              // Contents maximum position for frozen rows (apart from headers), from which we can infer content width.
+    float                   ContentMaxXUnfrozen;
+    float                   ContentMaxXHeadersUsed;         // Contents maximum position for headers rows (regardless of freezing). TableHeader() automatically softclip itself + report ideal desired size, to avoid creating extraneous draw calls
+    float                   ContentMaxXHeadersIdeal;
+    ImS16                   NameOffset;                     // Offset into parent ColumnsNames[]
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     DisplayOrder;                   // Index within Table's IndexToDisplayOrder[] (column may be reordered by users)
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     IndexWithinEnabledSet;          // Index within enabled/visible set (<= IndexToDisplayOrder)
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     PrevEnabledColumn;              // Index of prev enabled/visible column within Columns[], -1 if first enabled/visible column
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     NextEnabledColumn;              // Index of next enabled/visible column within Columns[], -1 if last enabled/visible column
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     SortOrder;                      // Index of this column within sort specs, -1 if not sorting on this column, 0 for single-sort, may be >0 on multi-sort
+    ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx DrawChannelCurrent;            // Index within DrawSplitter.Channels[]
+    ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx DrawChannelFrozen;             // Draw channels for frozen rows (often headers)
+    ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx DrawChannelUnfrozen;           // Draw channels for unfrozen rows
+    bool                    IsEnabled;                      // IsUserEnabled && (Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_Disabled) == 0
+    bool                    IsUserEnabled;                  // Is the column not marked Hidden by the user? (unrelated to being off view, e.g. clipped by scrolling).
+    bool                    IsUserEnabledNextFrame;
+    bool                    IsVisibleX;                     // Is actually in view (e.g. overlapping the host window clipping rectangle, not scrolled).
+    bool                    IsVisibleY;
+    bool                    IsRequestOutput;                // Return value for TableSetColumnIndex() / TableNextColumn(): whether we request user to output contents or not.
+    bool                    IsSkipItems;                    // Do we want item submissions to this column to be completely ignored (no layout will happen).
+    bool                    IsPreserveWidthAuto;
+    ImS8                    NavLayerCurrent;                // ImGuiNavLayer in 1 byte
+    ImU8                    AutoFitQueue;                   // Queue of 8 values for the next 8 frames to request auto-fit
+    ImU8                    CannotSkipItemsQueue;           // Queue of 8 values for the next 8 frames to disable Clipped/SkipItem
+    ImU8                    SortDirection : 2;              // ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending or ImGuiSortDirection_Descending
+    ImU8                    SortDirectionsAvailCount : 2;   // Number of available sort directions (0 to 3)
+    ImU8                    SortDirectionsAvailMask : 4;    // Mask of available sort directions (1-bit each)
+    ImU8                    SortDirectionsAvailList;        // Ordered of available sort directions (2-bits each)
+
+    ImGuiTableColumn()
+    {
+        memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+        StretchWeight = WidthRequest = -1.0f;
+        NameOffset = -1;
+        DisplayOrder = IndexWithinEnabledSet = -1;
+        PrevEnabledColumn = NextEnabledColumn = -1;
+        SortOrder = -1;
+        SortDirection = ImGuiSortDirection_None;
+        DrawChannelCurrent = DrawChannelFrozen = DrawChannelUnfrozen = (ImU8)-1;
+    }
+};
+
+// Transient cell data stored per row.
+// sizeof() ~ 6
+struct ImGuiTableCellData
+{
+    ImU32                       BgColor;    // Actual color
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         Column;     // Column number
+};
+
+// Per-instance data that needs preserving across frames (seemingly most others do not need to be preserved aside from debug needs. Does that means they could be moved to ImGuiTableTempData?)
+struct ImGuiTableInstanceData
+{
+    ImGuiID                     TableInstanceID;
+    float                       LastOuterHeight;            // Outer height from last frame
+    float                       LastFirstRowHeight;         // Height of first row from last frame (FIXME: this is used as "header height" and may be reworked)
+    float                       LastFrozenHeight;           // Height of frozen section from last frame
+
+    ImGuiTableInstanceData()    { TableInstanceID = 0; LastOuterHeight = LastFirstRowHeight = LastFrozenHeight = 0.0f; }
+};
+
+// FIXME-TABLE: more transient data could be stored in a stacked ImGuiTableTempData: e.g. SortSpecs, incoming RowData
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiTable
+{
+    ImGuiID                     ID;
+    ImGuiTableFlags             Flags;
+    void*                       RawData;                    // Single allocation to hold Columns[], DisplayOrderToIndex[] and RowCellData[]
+    ImGuiTableTempData*         TempData;                   // Transient data while table is active. Point within g.CurrentTableStack[]
+    ImSpan<ImGuiTableColumn>    Columns;                    // Point within RawData[]
+    ImSpan<ImGuiTableColumnIdx> DisplayOrderToIndex;        // Point within RawData[]. Store display order of columns (when not reordered, the values are 0...Count-1)
+    ImSpan<ImGuiTableCellData>  RowCellData;                // Point within RawData[]. Store cells background requests for current row.
+    ImBitArrayPtr               EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder;  // Column DisplayOrder -> IsEnabled map
+    ImBitArrayPtr               EnabledMaskByIndex;         // Column Index -> IsEnabled map (== not hidden by user/api) in a format adequate for iterating column without touching cold data
+    ImBitArrayPtr               VisibleMaskByIndex;         // Column Index -> IsVisibleX|IsVisibleY map (== not hidden by user/api && not hidden by scrolling/cliprect)
+    ImGuiTableFlags             SettingsLoadedFlags;        // Which data were loaded from the .ini file (e.g. when order is not altered we won't save order)
+    int                         SettingsOffset;             // Offset in g.SettingsTables
+    int                         LastFrameActive;
+    int                         ColumnsCount;               // Number of columns declared in BeginTable()
+    int                         CurrentRow;
+    int                         CurrentColumn;
+    ImS16                       InstanceCurrent;            // Count of BeginTable() calls with same ID in the same frame (generally 0). This is a little bit similar to BeginCount for a window, but multiple table with same ID look are multiple tables, they are just synched.
+    ImS16                       InstanceInteracted;         // Mark which instance (generally 0) of the same ID is being interacted with
+    float                       RowPosY1;
+    float                       RowPosY2;
+    float                       RowMinHeight;               // Height submitted to TableNextRow()
+    float                       RowTextBaseline;
+    float                       RowIndentOffsetX;
+    ImGuiTableRowFlags          RowFlags : 16;              // Current row flags, see ImGuiTableRowFlags_
+    ImGuiTableRowFlags          LastRowFlags : 16;
+    int                         RowBgColorCounter;          // Counter for alternating background colors (can be fast-forwarded by e.g clipper), not same as CurrentRow because header rows typically don't increase this.
+    ImU32                       RowBgColor[2];              // Background color override for current row.
+    ImU32                       BorderColorStrong;
+    ImU32                       BorderColorLight;
+    float                       BorderX1;
+    float                       BorderX2;
+    float                       HostIndentX;
+    float                       MinColumnWidth;
+    float                       OuterPaddingX;
+    float                       CellPaddingX;               // Padding from each borders
+    float                       CellPaddingY;
+    float                       CellSpacingX1;              // Spacing between non-bordered cells
+    float                       CellSpacingX2;
+    float                       InnerWidth;                 // User value passed to BeginTable(), see comments at the top of BeginTable() for details.
+    float                       ColumnsGivenWidth;          // Sum of current column width
+    float                       ColumnsAutoFitWidth;        // Sum of ideal column width in order nothing to be clipped, used for auto-fitting and content width submission in outer window
+    float                       ColumnsStretchSumWeights;   // Sum of weight of all enabled stretching columns
+    float                       ResizedColumnNextWidth;
+    float                       ResizeLockMinContentsX2;    // Lock minimum contents width while resizing down in order to not create feedback loops. But we allow growing the table.
+    float                       RefScale;                   // Reference scale to be able to rescale columns on font/dpi changes.
+    ImRect                      OuterRect;                  // Note: for non-scrolling table, OuterRect.Max.y is often FLT_MAX until EndTable(), unless a height has been specified in BeginTable().
+    ImRect                      InnerRect;                  // InnerRect but without decoration. As with OuterRect, for non-scrolling tables, InnerRect.Max.y is
+    ImRect                      WorkRect;
+    ImRect                      InnerClipRect;
+    ImRect                      BgClipRect;                 // We use this to cpu-clip cell background color fill, evolve during the frame as we cross frozen rows boundaries
+    ImRect                      Bg0ClipRectForDrawCmd;      // Actual ImDrawCmd clip rect for BG0/1 channel. This tends to be == OuterWindow->ClipRect at BeginTable() because output in BG0/BG1 is cpu-clipped
+    ImRect                      Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd;      // Actual ImDrawCmd clip rect for BG2 channel. This tends to be a correct, tight-fit, because output to BG2 are done by widgets relying on regular ClipRect.
+    ImRect                      HostClipRect;               // This is used to check if we can eventually merge our columns draw calls into the current draw call of the current window.
+    ImRect                      HostBackupInnerClipRect;    // Backup of InnerWindow->ClipRect during PushTableBackground()/PopTableBackground()
+    ImGuiWindow*                OuterWindow;                // Parent window for the table
+    ImGuiWindow*                InnerWindow;                // Window holding the table data (== OuterWindow or a child window)
+    ImGuiTextBuffer             ColumnsNames;               // Contiguous buffer holding columns names
+    ImDrawListSplitter*         DrawSplitter;               // Shortcut to TempData->DrawSplitter while in table. Isolate draw commands per columns to avoid switching clip rect constantly
+    ImGuiTableInstanceData      InstanceDataFirst;
+    ImVector<ImGuiTableInstanceData>    InstanceDataExtra;  // FIXME-OPT: Using a small-vector pattern would be good.
+    ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs   SortSpecsSingle;
+    ImVector<ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs> SortSpecsMulti;     // FIXME-OPT: Using a small-vector pattern would be good.
+    ImGuiTableSortSpecs         SortSpecs;                  // Public facing sorts specs, this is what we return in TableGetSortSpecs()
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         SortSpecsCount;
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ColumnsEnabledCount;        // Number of enabled columns (<= ColumnsCount)
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ColumnsEnabledFixedCount;   // Number of enabled columns (<= ColumnsCount)
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         DeclColumnsCount;           // Count calls to TableSetupColumn()
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         HoveredColumnBody;          // Index of column whose visible region is being hovered. Important: == ColumnsCount when hovering empty region after the right-most column!
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         HoveredColumnBorder;        // Index of column whose right-border is being hovered (for resizing).
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         AutoFitSingleColumn;        // Index of single column requesting auto-fit.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ResizedColumn;              // Index of column being resized. Reset when InstanceCurrent==0.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         LastResizedColumn;          // Index of column being resized from previous frame.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         HeldHeaderColumn;           // Index of column header being held.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ReorderColumn;              // Index of column being reordered. (not cleared)
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ReorderColumnDir;           // -1 or +1
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         LeftMostEnabledColumn;      // Index of left-most non-hidden column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         RightMostEnabledColumn;     // Index of right-most non-hidden column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         LeftMostStretchedColumn;    // Index of left-most stretched column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         RightMostStretchedColumn;   // Index of right-most stretched column.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ContextPopupColumn;         // Column right-clicked on, of -1 if opening context menu from a neutral/empty spot
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         FreezeRowsRequest;          // Requested frozen rows count
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         FreezeRowsCount;            // Actual frozen row count (== FreezeRowsRequest, or == 0 when no scrolling offset)
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         FreezeColumnsRequest;       // Requested frozen columns count
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         FreezeColumnsCount;         // Actual frozen columns count (== FreezeColumnsRequest, or == 0 when no scrolling offset)
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         RowCellDataCurrent;         // Index of current RowCellData[] entry in current row
+    ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx    DummyDrawChannel;           // Redirect non-visible columns here.
+    ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx    Bg2DrawChannelCurrent;      // For Selectable() and other widgets drawing across columns after the freezing line. Index within DrawSplitter.Channels[]
+    ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx    Bg2DrawChannelUnfrozen;
+    bool                        IsLayoutLocked;             // Set by TableUpdateLayout() which is called when beginning the first row.
+    bool                        IsInsideRow;                // Set when inside TableBeginRow()/TableEndRow().
+    bool                        IsInitializing;
+    bool                        IsSortSpecsDirty;
+    bool                        IsUsingHeaders;             // Set when the first row had the ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers flag.
+    bool                        IsContextPopupOpen;         // Set when default context menu is open (also see: ContextPopupColumn, InstanceInteracted).
+    bool                        IsSettingsRequestLoad;
+    bool                        IsSettingsDirty;            // Set when table settings have changed and needs to be reported into ImGuiTableSetttings data.
+    bool                        IsDefaultDisplayOrder;      // Set when display order is unchanged from default (DisplayOrder contains 0...Count-1)
+    bool                        IsResetAllRequest;
+    bool                        IsResetDisplayOrderRequest;
+    bool                        IsUnfrozenRows;             // Set when we got past the frozen row.
+    bool                        IsDefaultSizingPolicy;      // Set if user didn't explicitly set a sizing policy in BeginTable()
+    bool                        HasScrollbarYCurr;          // Whether ANY instance of this table had a vertical scrollbar during the current frame.
+    bool                        HasScrollbarYPrev;          // Whether ANY instance of this table had a vertical scrollbar during the previous.
+    bool                        MemoryCompacted;
+    bool                        HostSkipItems;              // Backup of InnerWindow->SkipItem at the end of BeginTable(), because we will overwrite InnerWindow->SkipItem on a per-column basis
+
+    ImGuiTable()                { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); LastFrameActive = -1; }
+    ~ImGuiTable()               { IM_FREE(RawData); }
+};
+
+// Transient data that are only needed between BeginTable() and EndTable(), those buffers are shared (1 per level of stacked table).
+// - Accessing those requires chasing an extra pointer so for very frequently used data we leave them in the main table structure.
+// - We also leave out of this structure data that tend to be particularly useful for debugging/metrics.
+struct IMGUI_API ImGuiTableTempData
+{
+    int                         TableIndex;                 // Index in g.Tables.Buf[] pool
+    float                       LastTimeActive;             // Last timestamp this structure was used
+
+    ImVec2                      UserOuterSize;              // outer_size.x passed to BeginTable()
+    ImDrawListSplitter          DrawSplitter;
+
+    ImRect                      HostBackupWorkRect;         // Backup of InnerWindow->WorkRect at the end of BeginTable()
+    ImRect                      HostBackupParentWorkRect;   // Backup of InnerWindow->ParentWorkRect at the end of BeginTable()
+    ImVec2                      HostBackupPrevLineSize;     // Backup of InnerWindow->DC.PrevLineSize at the end of BeginTable()
+    ImVec2                      HostBackupCurrLineSize;     // Backup of InnerWindow->DC.CurrLineSize at the end of BeginTable()
+    ImVec2                      HostBackupCursorMaxPos;     // Backup of InnerWindow->DC.CursorMaxPos at the end of BeginTable()
+    ImVec1                      HostBackupColumnsOffset;    // Backup of OuterWindow->DC.ColumnsOffset at the end of BeginTable()
+    float                       HostBackupItemWidth;        // Backup of OuterWindow->DC.ItemWidth at the end of BeginTable()
+    int                         HostBackupItemWidthStackSize;//Backup of OuterWindow->DC.ItemWidthStack.Size at the end of BeginTable()
+
+    ImGuiTableTempData()        { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); LastTimeActive = -1.0f; }
+};
+
+// sizeof() ~ 12
+struct ImGuiTableColumnSettings
+{
+    float                   WidthOrWeight;
+    ImGuiID                 UserID;
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     Index;
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     DisplayOrder;
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx     SortOrder;
+    ImU8                    SortDirection : 2;
+    ImU8                    IsEnabled : 1; // "Visible" in ini file
+    ImU8                    IsStretch : 1;
+
+    ImGuiTableColumnSettings()
+    {
+        WidthOrWeight = 0.0f;
+        UserID = 0;
+        Index = -1;
+        DisplayOrder = SortOrder = -1;
+        SortDirection = ImGuiSortDirection_None;
+        IsEnabled = 1;
+        IsStretch = 0;
+    }
+};
+
+// This is designed to be stored in a single ImChunkStream (1 header followed by N ImGuiTableColumnSettings, etc.)
+struct ImGuiTableSettings
+{
+    ImGuiID                     ID;                     // Set to 0 to invalidate/delete the setting
+    ImGuiTableFlags             SaveFlags;              // Indicate data we want to save using the Resizable/Reorderable/Sortable/Hideable flags (could be using its own flags..)
+    float                       RefScale;               // Reference scale to be able to rescale columns on font/dpi changes.
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ColumnsCount;
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx         ColumnsCountMax;        // Maximum number of columns this settings instance can store, we can recycle a settings instance with lower number of columns but not higher
+    bool                        WantApply;              // Set when loaded from .ini data (to enable merging/loading .ini data into an already running context)
+
+    ImGuiTableSettings()        { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    ImGuiTableColumnSettings*   GetColumnSettings()     { return (ImGuiTableColumnSettings*)(this + 1); }
+};
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImGui internal API
+// No guarantee of forward compatibility here!
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    // Windows
+    // We should always have a CurrentWindow in the stack (there is an implicit "Debug" window)
+    // If this ever crash because g.CurrentWindow is NULL it means that either
+    // - ImGui::NewFrame() has never been called, which is illegal.
+    // - You are calling ImGui functions after ImGui::EndFrame()/ImGui::Render() and before the next ImGui::NewFrame(), which is also illegal.
+    inline    ImGuiWindow*  GetCurrentWindowRead()      { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.CurrentWindow; }
+    inline    ImGuiWindow*  GetCurrentWindow()          { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; g.CurrentWindow->WriteAccessed = true; return g.CurrentWindow; }
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindow*  FindWindowByID(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindow*  FindWindowByName(const char* name);
+    IMGUI_API void          UpdateWindowParentAndRootLinks(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindowFlags flags, ImGuiWindow* parent_window);
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        CalcWindowNextAutoFitSize(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowChildOf(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* potential_parent, bool popup_hierarchy, bool dock_hierarchy);
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowWithinBeginStackOf(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* potential_parent);
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowAbove(ImGuiWindow* potential_above, ImGuiWindow* potential_below);
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowNavFocusable(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowPos(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiCond cond = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowSize(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiCond cond = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowCollapsed(ImGuiWindow* window, bool collapsed, ImGuiCond cond = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowHitTestHole(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImVec2& pos, const ImVec2& size);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowHiddendAndSkipItemsForCurrentFrame(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    inline ImRect           WindowRectAbsToRel(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& r) { ImVec2 off = window->DC.CursorStartPos; return ImRect(r.Min.x - off.x, r.Min.y - off.y, r.Max.x - off.x, r.Max.y - off.y); }
+    inline ImRect           WindowRectRelToAbs(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& r) { ImVec2 off = window->DC.CursorStartPos; return ImRect(r.Min.x + off.x, r.Min.y + off.y, r.Max.x + off.x, r.Max.y + off.y); }
+
+    // Windows: Display Order and Focus Order
+    IMGUI_API void          FocusWindow(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          FocusTopMostWindowUnderOne(ImGuiWindow* under_this_window, ImGuiWindow* ignore_window, ImGuiViewport* filter_viewport);
+    IMGUI_API void          BringWindowToFocusFront(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          BringWindowToDisplayFront(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          BringWindowToDisplayBack(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          BringWindowToDisplayBehind(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiWindow* above_window);
+    IMGUI_API int           FindWindowDisplayIndex(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindow*  FindBottomMostVisibleWindowWithinBeginStack(ImGuiWindow* window);
+
+    // Fonts, drawing
+    IMGUI_API void          SetCurrentFont(ImFont* font);
+    inline ImFont*          GetDefaultFont() { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.IO.FontDefault ? g.IO.FontDefault : g.IO.Fonts->Fonts[0]; }
+    inline ImDrawList*      GetForegroundDrawList(ImGuiWindow* window) { return GetForegroundDrawList(window->Viewport); }
+
+    // Init
+    IMGUI_API void          Initialize();
+    IMGUI_API void          Shutdown();    // Since 1.60 this is a _private_ function. You can call DestroyContext() to destroy the context created by CreateContext().
+
+    // NewFrame
+    IMGUI_API void          UpdateInputEvents(bool trickle_fast_inputs);
+    IMGUI_API void          UpdateHoveredWindowAndCaptureFlags();
+    IMGUI_API void          StartMouseMovingWindow(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          StartMouseMovingWindowOrNode(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiDockNode* node, bool undock_floating_node);
+    IMGUI_API void          UpdateMouseMovingWindowNewFrame();
+    IMGUI_API void          UpdateMouseMovingWindowEndFrame();
+
+    // Generic context hooks
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       AddContextHook(ImGuiContext* context, const ImGuiContextHook* hook);
+    IMGUI_API void          RemoveContextHook(ImGuiContext* context, ImGuiID hook_to_remove);
+    IMGUI_API void          CallContextHooks(ImGuiContext* context, ImGuiContextHookType type);
+
+    // Viewports
+    IMGUI_API void          TranslateWindowsInViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport, const ImVec2& old_pos, const ImVec2& new_pos);
+    IMGUI_API void          ScaleWindowsInViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport, float scale);
+    IMGUI_API void          DestroyPlatformWindow(ImGuiViewportP* viewport);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiViewportP* viewport);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetCurrentViewport(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiViewportP* viewport);
+    IMGUI_API const ImGuiPlatformMonitor*   GetViewportPlatformMonitor(ImGuiViewport* viewport);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiViewportP*               FindHoveredViewportFromPlatformWindowStack(const ImVec2& mouse_platform_pos);
+
+    // Settings
+    IMGUI_API void                  MarkIniSettingsDirty();
+    IMGUI_API void                  MarkIniSettingsDirty(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void                  ClearIniSettings();
+    IMGUI_API void                  AddSettingsHandler(const ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler);
+    IMGUI_API void                  RemoveSettingsHandler(const char* type_name);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiSettingsHandler* FindSettingsHandler(const char* type_name);
+
+    // Settings - Windows
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindowSettings*  CreateNewWindowSettings(const char* name);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindowSettings*  FindWindowSettingsByID(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindowSettings*  FindWindowSettingsByWindow(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void                  ClearWindowSettings(const char* name);
+
+    // Localization
+    IMGUI_API void          LocalizeRegisterEntries(const ImGuiLocEntry* entries, int count);
+    inline const char*      LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey key) { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; const char* msg = g.LocalizationTable[key]; return msg ? msg : "*Missing Text*"; }
+
+    // Scrolling
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollX(ImGuiWindow* window, float scroll_x);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollY(ImGuiWindow* window, float scroll_y);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollFromPosX(ImGuiWindow* window, float local_x, float center_x_ratio);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetScrollFromPosY(ImGuiWindow* window, float local_y, float center_y_ratio);
+
+    // Early work-in-progress API (ScrollToItem() will become public)
+    IMGUI_API void          ScrollToItem(ImGuiScrollFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          ScrollToRect(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& rect, ImGuiScrollFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        ScrollToRectEx(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& rect, ImGuiScrollFlags flags = 0);
+//#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    inline void             ScrollToBringRectIntoView(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& rect) { ScrollToRect(window, rect, ImGuiScrollFlags_KeepVisibleEdgeY); }
+//#endif
+
+    // Basic Accessors
+    inline ImGuiItemStatusFlags GetItemStatusFlags(){ ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.LastItemData.StatusFlags; }
+    inline ImGuiItemFlags   GetItemFlags()  { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.LastItemData.InFlags; }
+    inline ImGuiID          GetActiveID()   { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.ActiveId; }
+    inline ImGuiID          GetFocusID()    { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.NavId; }
+    IMGUI_API void          SetActiveID(ImGuiID id, ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetFocusID(ImGuiID id, ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          ClearActiveID();
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetHoveredID();
+    IMGUI_API void          SetHoveredID(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API void          KeepAliveID(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API void          MarkItemEdited(ImGuiID id);     // Mark data associated to given item as "edited", used by IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit() function.
+    IMGUI_API void          PushOverrideID(ImGuiID id);     // Push given value as-is at the top of the ID stack (whereas PushID combines old and new hashes)
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetIDWithSeed(const char* str_id_begin, const char* str_id_end, ImGuiID seed);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetIDWithSeed(int n, ImGuiID seed);
+
+    // Basic Helpers for widget code
+    IMGUI_API void          ItemSize(const ImVec2& size, float text_baseline_y = -1.0f);
+    inline void             ItemSize(const ImRect& bb, float text_baseline_y = -1.0f) { ItemSize(bb.GetSize(), text_baseline_y); } // FIXME: This is a misleading API since we expect CursorPos to be bb.Min.
+    IMGUI_API bool          ItemAdd(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, const ImRect* nav_bb = NULL, ImGuiItemFlags extra_flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ItemHoverable(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsWindowContentHoverable(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiHoveredFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsClippedEx(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetLastItemData(ImGuiID item_id, ImGuiItemFlags in_flags, ImGuiItemStatusFlags status_flags, const ImRect& item_rect);
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        CalcItemSize(ImVec2 size, float default_w, float default_h);
+    IMGUI_API float         CalcWrapWidthForPos(const ImVec2& pos, float wrap_pos_x);
+    IMGUI_API void          PushMultiItemsWidths(int components, float width_full);
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsItemToggledSelection();                                   // Was the last item selection toggled? (after Selectable(), TreeNode() etc. We only returns toggle _event_ in order to handle clipping correctly)
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetContentRegionMaxAbs();
+    IMGUI_API void          ShrinkWidths(ImGuiShrinkWidthItem* items, int count, float width_excess);
+
+    // Parameter stacks (shared)
+    IMGUI_API void          PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags option, bool enabled);
+    IMGUI_API void          PopItemFlag();
+    IMGUI_API const ImGuiDataVarInfo* GetStyleVarInfo(ImGuiStyleVar idx);
+
+    // Logging/Capture
+    IMGUI_API void          LogBegin(ImGuiLogType type, int auto_open_depth);           // -> BeginCapture() when we design v2 api, for now stay under the radar by using the old name.
+    IMGUI_API void          LogToBuffer(int auto_open_depth = -1);                      // Start logging/capturing to internal buffer
+    IMGUI_API void          LogRenderedText(const ImVec2* ref_pos, const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          LogSetNextTextDecoration(const char* prefix, const char* suffix);
+
+    // Popups, Modals, Tooltips
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginChildEx(const char* name, ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& size_arg, bool border, ImGuiWindowFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API void          OpenPopupEx(ImGuiID id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags = ImGuiPopupFlags_None);
+    IMGUI_API void          ClosePopupToLevel(int remaining, bool restore_focus_to_window_under_popup);
+    IMGUI_API void          ClosePopupsOverWindow(ImGuiWindow* ref_window, bool restore_focus_to_window_under_popup);
+    IMGUI_API void          ClosePopupsExceptModals();
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsPopupOpen(ImGuiID id, ImGuiPopupFlags popup_flags);
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginPopupEx(ImGuiID id, ImGuiWindowFlags extra_flags);
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginTooltipEx(ImGuiTooltipFlags tooltip_flags, ImGuiWindowFlags extra_window_flags);
+    IMGUI_API ImRect        GetPopupAllowedExtentRect(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindow*  GetTopMostPopupModal();
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiWindow*  GetTopMostAndVisiblePopupModal();
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        FindBestWindowPosForPopup(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        FindBestWindowPosForPopupEx(const ImVec2& ref_pos, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiDir* last_dir, const ImRect& r_outer, const ImRect& r_avoid, ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy policy);
+
+    // Menus
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginViewportSideBar(const char* name, ImGuiViewport* viewport, ImGuiDir dir, float size, ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags);
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginMenuEx(const char* label, const char* icon, bool enabled = true);
+    IMGUI_API bool          MenuItemEx(const char* label, const char* icon, const char* shortcut = NULL, bool selected = false, bool enabled = true);
+
+    // Combos
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginComboPopup(ImGuiID popup_id, const ImRect& bb, ImGuiComboFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginComboPreview();
+    IMGUI_API void          EndComboPreview();
+
+    // Gamepad/Keyboard Navigation
+    IMGUI_API void          NavInitWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, bool force_reinit);
+    IMGUI_API void          NavInitRequestApplyResult();
+    IMGUI_API bool          NavMoveRequestButNoResultYet();
+    IMGUI_API void          NavMoveRequestSubmit(ImGuiDir move_dir, ImGuiDir clip_dir, ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags, ImGuiScrollFlags scroll_flags);
+    IMGUI_API void          NavMoveRequestForward(ImGuiDir move_dir, ImGuiDir clip_dir, ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags, ImGuiScrollFlags scroll_flags);
+    IMGUI_API void          NavMoveRequestResolveWithLastItem(ImGuiNavItemData* result);
+    IMGUI_API void          NavMoveRequestCancel();
+    IMGUI_API void          NavMoveRequestApplyResult();
+    IMGUI_API void          NavMoveRequestTryWrapping(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiNavMoveFlags move_flags);
+    IMGUI_API void          ActivateItem(ImGuiID id);   // Remotely activate a button, checkbox, tree node etc. given its unique ID. activation is queued and processed on the next frame when the item is encountered again.
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNavWindow(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetNavID(ImGuiID id, ImGuiNavLayer nav_layer, ImGuiID focus_scope_id, const ImRect& rect_rel);
+
+    // Inputs
+    // FIXME: Eventually we should aim to move e.g. IsActiveIdUsingKey() into IsKeyXXX functions.
+    inline bool             IsNamedKey(ImGuiKey key)                                    { return key >= ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END; }
+    inline bool             IsNamedKeyOrModKey(ImGuiKey key)                            { return (key >= ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_NamedKey_END) || key == ImGuiMod_Ctrl || key == ImGuiMod_Shift || key == ImGuiMod_Alt || key == ImGuiMod_Super || key == ImGuiMod_Shortcut; }
+    inline bool             IsLegacyKey(ImGuiKey key)                                   { return key >= ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_LegacyNativeKey_END; }
+    inline bool             IsKeyboardKey(ImGuiKey key)                                 { return key >= ImGuiKey_Keyboard_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_Keyboard_END; }
+    inline bool             IsGamepadKey(ImGuiKey key)                                  { return key >= ImGuiKey_Gamepad_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_Gamepad_END; }
+    inline bool             IsMouseKey(ImGuiKey key)                                    { return key >= ImGuiKey_Mouse_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_Mouse_END; }
+    inline bool             IsAliasKey(ImGuiKey key)                                    { return key >= ImGuiKey_Aliases_BEGIN && key < ImGuiKey_Aliases_END; }
+    inline ImGuiKeyChord    ConvertShortcutMod(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord)                 { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; IM_ASSERT_PARANOID(key_chord & ImGuiMod_Shortcut); return (key_chord & ~ImGuiMod_Shortcut) | (g.IO.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors ? ImGuiMod_Super : ImGuiMod_Ctrl); }
+    inline ImGuiKey         ConvertSingleModFlagToKey(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiKey key)
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+        if (key == ImGuiMod_Ctrl) return ImGuiKey_ReservedForModCtrl;
+        if (key == ImGuiMod_Shift) return ImGuiKey_ReservedForModShift;
+        if (key == ImGuiMod_Alt) return ImGuiKey_ReservedForModAlt;
+        if (key == ImGuiMod_Super) return ImGuiKey_ReservedForModSuper;
+        if (key == ImGuiMod_Shortcut) return (g.IO.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors ? ImGuiKey_ReservedForModSuper : ImGuiKey_ReservedForModCtrl);
+        return key;
+    }
+
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiKeyData* GetKeyData(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiKey key);
+    inline ImGuiKeyData*    GetKeyData(ImGuiKey key)                                    { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return GetKeyData(&g, key); }
+    IMGUI_API void          GetKeyChordName(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, char* out_buf, int out_buf_size);
+    inline ImGuiKey         MouseButtonToKey(ImGuiMouseButton button)                   { IM_ASSERT(button >= 0 && button < ImGuiMouseButton_COUNT); return (ImGuiKey)(ImGuiKey_MouseLeft + button); }
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsMouseDragPastThreshold(ImGuiMouseButton button, float lock_threshold = -1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        GetKeyMagnitude2d(ImGuiKey key_left, ImGuiKey key_right, ImGuiKey key_up, ImGuiKey key_down);
+    IMGUI_API float         GetNavTweakPressedAmount(ImGuiAxis axis);
+    IMGUI_API int           CalcTypematicRepeatAmount(float t0, float t1, float repeat_delay, float repeat_rate);
+    IMGUI_API void          GetTypematicRepeatRate(ImGuiInputFlags flags, float* repeat_delay, float* repeat_rate);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys();
+    inline bool             IsActiveIdUsingNavDir(ImGuiDir dir)                         { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return (g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask & (1 << dir)) != 0; }
+
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL] Low-Level: Key/Input Ownership
+    // - The idea is that instead of "eating" a given input, we can link to an owner id.
+    // - Ownership is most often claimed as a result of reacting to a press/down event (but occasionally may be claimed ahead).
+    // - Input queries can then read input by specifying ImGuiKeyOwner_Any (== 0), ImGuiKeyOwner_None (== -1) or a custom ID.
+    // - Legacy input queries (without specifying an owner or _Any or _None) are equivalent to using ImGuiKeyOwner_Any (== 0).
+    // - Input ownership is automatically released on the frame after a key is released. Therefore:
+    //   - for ownership registration happening as a result of a down/press event, the SetKeyOwner() call may be done once (common case).
+    //   - for ownership registration happening ahead of a down/press event, the SetKeyOwner() call needs to be made every frame (happens if e.g. claiming ownership on hover).
+    // - SetItemKeyOwner() is a shortcut for common simple case. A custom widget will probably want to call SetKeyOwner() multiple times directly based on its interaction state.
+    // - This is marked experimental because not all widgets are fully honoring the Set/Test idioms. We will need to move forward step by step.
+    //   Please open a GitHub Issue to submit your usage scenario or if there's a use case you need solved.
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID           GetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key);
+    IMGUI_API void              SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void              SetKeyOwnersForKeyChord(ImGuiKeyChord key, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void              SetItemKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiInputFlags flags = 0);           // Set key owner to last item if it is hovered or active. Equivalent to 'if (IsItemHovered() || IsItemActive()) { SetKeyOwner(key, GetItemID());'.
+    IMGUI_API bool              TestKeyOwner(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id);                       // Test that key is either not owned, either owned by 'owner_id'
+    inline ImGuiKeyOwnerData*   GetKeyOwnerData(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiKey key)                    { if (key & ImGuiMod_Mask_) key = ConvertSingleModFlagToKey(ctx, key); IM_ASSERT(IsNamedKey(key)); return &ctx->KeysOwnerData[key - ImGuiKey_NamedKey_BEGIN]; }
+
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL] High-Level: Input Access functions w/ support for Key/Input Ownership
+    // - Important: legacy IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey, bool repeat=true) _DEFAULTS_ to repeat, new IsKeyPressed() requires _EXPLICIT_ ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat flag.
+    // - Expected to be later promoted to public API, the prototypes are designed to replace existing ones (since owner_id can default to Any == 0)
+    // - Specifying a value for 'ImGuiID owner' will test that EITHER the key is NOT owned (UNLESS locked), EITHER the key is owned by 'owner'.
+    //   Legacy functions use ImGuiKeyOwner_Any meaning that they typically ignore ownership, unless a call to SetKeyOwner() explicitly used ImGuiInputFlags_LockThisFrame or ImGuiInputFlags_LockUntilRelease.
+    // - Binding generators may want to ignore those for now, or suffix them with Ex() until we decide if this gets moved into public API.
+    IMGUI_API bool              IsKeyDown(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id);
+    IMGUI_API bool              IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags = 0);    // Important: when transitioning from old to new IsKeyPressed(): old API has "bool repeat = true", so would default to repeat. New API requiress explicit ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat.
+    IMGUI_API bool              IsKeyReleased(ImGuiKey key, ImGuiID owner_id);
+    IMGUI_API bool              IsMouseDown(ImGuiMouseButton button, ImGuiID owner_id);
+    IMGUI_API bool              IsMouseClicked(ImGuiMouseButton button, ImGuiID owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool              IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton button, ImGuiID owner_id);
+
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL] Shortcut Routing
+    // - ImGuiKeyChord = a ImGuiKey optionally OR-red with ImGuiMod_Alt/ImGuiMod_Ctrl/ImGuiMod_Shift/ImGuiMod_Super.
+    //     ImGuiKey_C                 (accepted by functions taking ImGuiKey or ImGuiKeyChord)
+    //     ImGuiKey_C | ImGuiMod_Ctrl (accepted by functions taking ImGuiKeyChord)
+    //   ONLY ImGuiMod_XXX values are legal to 'OR' with an ImGuiKey. You CANNOT 'OR' two ImGuiKey values.
+    // - When using one of the routing flags (e.g. ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused): routes requested ahead of time given a chord (key + modifiers) and a routing policy.
+    // - Routes are resolved during NewFrame(): if keyboard modifiers are matching current ones: SetKeyOwner() is called + route is granted for the frame.
+    // - Route is granted to a single owner. When multiple requests are made we have policies to select the winning route.
+    // - Multiple read sites may use the same owner id and will all get the granted route.
+    // - For routing: when owner_id is 0 we use the current Focus Scope ID as a default owner in order to identify our location.
+    IMGUI_API bool              Shortcut(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, ImGuiID owner_id = 0, ImGuiInputFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool              SetShortcutRouting(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, ImGuiID owner_id = 0, ImGuiInputFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool              TestShortcutRouting(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord, ImGuiID owner_id);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiKeyRoutingData* GetShortcutRoutingData(ImGuiKeyChord key_chord);
+
+    // Docking
+    // (some functions are only declared in imgui.cpp, see Docking section)
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextInitialize(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextShutdown(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextClearNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID root_id, bool clear_settings_refs); // Use root_id==0 to clear all
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextRebuildNodes(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextNewFrameUpdateUndocking(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextNewFrameUpdateDocking(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextEndFrame(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       DockContextGenNodeID(ImGuiContext* ctx);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextQueueDock(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* target, ImGuiDockNode* target_node, ImGuiWindow* payload, ImGuiDir split_dir, float split_ratio, bool split_outer);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextQueueUndockWindow(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextQueueUndockNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextProcessUndockWindow(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiWindow* window, bool clear_persistent_docking_ref = true);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockContextProcessUndockNode(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DockContextCalcDropPosForDocking(ImGuiWindow* target, ImGuiDockNode* target_node, ImGuiWindow* payload_window, ImGuiDockNode* payload_node, ImGuiDir split_dir, bool split_outer, ImVec2* out_pos);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiDockNode*DockContextFindNodeByID(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockNodeWindowMenuHandler_Default(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DockNodeBeginAmendTabBar(ImGuiDockNode* node);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockNodeEndAmendTabBar();
+    inline ImGuiDockNode*   DockNodeGetRootNode(ImGuiDockNode* node)                 { while (node->ParentNode) node = node->ParentNode; return node; }
+    inline bool             DockNodeIsInHierarchyOf(ImGuiDockNode* node, ImGuiDockNode* parent) { while (node) { if (node == parent) return true; node = node->ParentNode; } return false; }
+    inline int              DockNodeGetDepth(const ImGuiDockNode* node)              { int depth = 0; while (node->ParentNode) { node = node->ParentNode; depth++; } return depth; }
+    inline ImGuiID          DockNodeGetWindowMenuButtonId(const ImGuiDockNode* node) { return ImHashStr("#COLLAPSE", 0, node->ID); }
+    inline ImGuiDockNode*   GetWindowDockNode()                                      { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.CurrentWindow->DockNode; }
+    IMGUI_API bool          GetWindowAlwaysWantOwnTabBar(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          BeginDocked(ImGuiWindow* window, bool* p_open);
+    IMGUI_API void          BeginDockableDragDropSource(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          BeginDockableDragDropTarget(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowDock(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID dock_id, ImGuiCond cond);
+
+    // Docking - Builder function needs to be generally called before the node is used/submitted.
+    // - The DockBuilderXXX functions are designed to _eventually_ become a public API, but it is too early to expose it and guarantee stability.
+    // - Do not hold on ImGuiDockNode* pointers! They may be invalidated by any split/merge/remove operation and every frame.
+    // - To create a DockSpace() node, make sure to set the ImGuiDockNodeFlags_DockSpace flag when calling DockBuilderAddNode().
+    //   You can create dockspace nodes (attached to a window) _or_ floating nodes (carry its own window) with this API.
+    // - DockBuilderSplitNode() create 2 child nodes within 1 node. The initial node becomes a parent node.
+    // - If you intend to split the node immediately after creation using DockBuilderSplitNode(), make sure
+    //   to call DockBuilderSetNodeSize() beforehand. If you don't, the resulting split sizes may not be reliable.
+    // - Call DockBuilderFinish() after you are done.
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderDockWindow(const char* window_name, ImGuiID node_id);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiDockNode*DockBuilderGetNode(ImGuiID node_id);
+    inline ImGuiDockNode*   DockBuilderGetCentralNode(ImGuiID node_id)              { ImGuiDockNode* node = DockBuilderGetNode(node_id); if (!node) return NULL; return DockNodeGetRootNode(node)->CentralNode; }
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       DockBuilderAddNode(ImGuiID node_id = 0, ImGuiDockNodeFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderRemoveNode(ImGuiID node_id);                 // Remove node and all its child, undock all windows
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderRemoveNodeDockedWindows(ImGuiID node_id, bool clear_settings_refs = true);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderRemoveNodeChildNodes(ImGuiID node_id);       // Remove all split/hierarchy. All remaining docked windows will be re-docked to the remaining root node (node_id).
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderSetNodePos(ImGuiID node_id, ImVec2 pos);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderSetNodeSize(ImGuiID node_id, ImVec2 size);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       DockBuilderSplitNode(ImGuiID node_id, ImGuiDir split_dir, float size_ratio_for_node_at_dir, ImGuiID* out_id_at_dir, ImGuiID* out_id_at_opposite_dir); // Create 2 child nodes in this parent node.
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderCopyDockSpace(ImGuiID src_dockspace_id, ImGuiID dst_dockspace_id, ImVector<const char*>* in_window_remap_pairs);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderCopyNode(ImGuiID src_node_id, ImGuiID dst_node_id, ImVector<ImGuiID>* out_node_remap_pairs);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderCopyWindowSettings(const char* src_name, const char* dst_name);
+    IMGUI_API void          DockBuilderFinish(ImGuiID node_id);
+
+    // [EXPERIMENTAL] Focus Scope
+    // This is generally used to identify a unique input location (for e.g. a selection set)
+    // There is one per window (automatically set in Begin), but:
+    // - Selection patterns generally need to react (e.g. clear a selection) when landing on one item of the set.
+    //   So in order to identify a set multiple lists in same window may each need a focus scope.
+    //   If you imagine an hypothetical BeginSelectionGroup()/EndSelectionGroup() api, it would likely call PushFocusScope()/EndFocusScope()
+    // - Shortcut routing also use focus scope as a default location identifier if an owner is not provided.
+    // We don't use the ID Stack for this as it is common to want them separate.
+    IMGUI_API void          PushFocusScope(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API void          PopFocusScope();
+    inline ImGuiID          GetCurrentFocusScope() { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.CurrentFocusScopeId; }   // Focus scope we are outputting into, set by PushFocusScope()
+
+    // Drag and Drop
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsDragDropActive();
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginDragDropTargetCustom(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API void          ClearDragDrop();
+    IMGUI_API bool          IsDragDropPayloadBeingAccepted();
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderDragDropTargetRect(const ImRect& bb);
+
+    // Internal Columns API (this is not exposed because we will encourage transitioning to the Tables API)
+    IMGUI_API void          SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& clip_rect);
+    IMGUI_API void          BeginColumns(const char* str_id, int count, ImGuiOldColumnFlags flags = 0); // setup number of columns. use an identifier to distinguish multiple column sets. close with EndColumns().
+    IMGUI_API void          EndColumns();                                                               // close columns
+    IMGUI_API void          PushColumnClipRect(int column_index);
+    IMGUI_API void          PushColumnsBackground();
+    IMGUI_API void          PopColumnsBackground();
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetColumnsID(const char* str_id, int count);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiOldColumns* FindOrCreateColumns(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API float         GetColumnOffsetFromNorm(const ImGuiOldColumns* columns, float offset_norm);
+    IMGUI_API float         GetColumnNormFromOffset(const ImGuiOldColumns* columns, float offset);
+
+    // Tables: Candidates for public API
+    IMGUI_API void          TableOpenContextMenu(int column_n = -1);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSetColumnWidth(int column_n, float width);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSetColumnSortDirection(int column_n, ImGuiSortDirection sort_direction, bool append_to_sort_specs);
+    IMGUI_API int           TableGetHoveredColumn(); // May use (TableGetColumnFlags() & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered) instead. Return hovered column. return -1 when table is not hovered. return columns_count if the unused space at the right of visible columns is hovered.
+    IMGUI_API float         TableGetHeaderRowHeight();
+    IMGUI_API void          TablePushBackgroundChannel();
+    IMGUI_API void          TablePopBackgroundChannel();
+
+    // Tables: Internals
+    inline    ImGuiTable*   GetCurrentTable() { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.CurrentTable; }
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTable*   TableFindByID(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginTableEx(const char* name, ImGuiID id, int columns_count, ImGuiTableFlags flags = 0, const ImVec2& outer_size = ImVec2(0, 0), float inner_width = 0.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableBeginInitMemory(ImGuiTable* table, int columns_count);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableBeginApplyRequests(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSetupDrawChannels(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableUpdateLayout(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableUpdateBorders(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableUpdateColumnsWeightFromWidth(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableDrawBorders(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableDrawContextMenu(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TableBeginContextMenuPopup(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableMergeDrawChannels(ImGuiTable* table);
+    inline ImGuiTableInstanceData*  TableGetInstanceData(ImGuiTable* table, int instance_no) { if (instance_no == 0) return &table->InstanceDataFirst; return &table->InstanceDataExtra[instance_no - 1]; }
+    inline ImGuiID                  TableGetInstanceID(ImGuiTable* table, int instance_no)   { return TableGetInstanceData(table, instance_no)->TableInstanceID; }
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSortSpecsSanitize(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSortSpecsBuild(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiSortDirection TableGetColumnNextSortDirection(ImGuiTableColumn* column);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableFixColumnSortDirection(ImGuiTable* table, ImGuiTableColumn* column);
+    IMGUI_API float         TableGetColumnWidthAuto(ImGuiTable* table, ImGuiTableColumn* column);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableBeginRow(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableEndRow(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableBeginCell(ImGuiTable* table, int column_n);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableEndCell(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API ImRect        TableGetCellBgRect(const ImGuiTable* table, int column_n);
+    IMGUI_API const char*   TableGetColumnName(const ImGuiTable* table, int column_n);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       TableGetColumnResizeID(ImGuiTable* table, int column_n, int instance_no = 0);
+    IMGUI_API float         TableGetMaxColumnWidth(const ImGuiTable* table, int column_n);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSetColumnWidthAutoSingle(ImGuiTable* table, int column_n);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableSetColumnWidthAutoAll(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableRemove(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableGcCompactTransientBuffers(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableGcCompactTransientBuffers(ImGuiTableTempData* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          TableGcCompactSettings();
+
+    // Tables: Settings
+    IMGUI_API void                  TableLoadSettings(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void                  TableSaveSettings(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void                  TableResetSettings(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTableSettings*   TableGetBoundSettings(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void                  TableSettingsAddSettingsHandler();
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTableSettings*   TableSettingsCreate(ImGuiID id, int columns_count);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTableSettings*   TableSettingsFindByID(ImGuiID id);
+
+    // Tab Bars
+    inline    ImGuiTabBar*  GetCurrentTabBar() { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return g.CurrentTabBar; }
+    IMGUI_API bool          BeginTabBarEx(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const ImRect& bb, ImGuiTabBarFlags flags, ImGuiDockNode* dock_node);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTabItem* TabBarFindTabByID(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiID tab_id);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTabItem* TabBarFindTabByOrder(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, int order);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTabItem* TabBarFindMostRecentlySelectedTabForActiveWindow(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiTabItem* TabBarGetCurrentTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+    inline int              TabBarGetTabOrder(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab) { return tab_bar->Tabs.index_from_ptr(tab); }
+    IMGUI_API const char*   TabBarGetTabName(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabBarAddTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItemFlags tab_flags, ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabBarRemoveTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiID tab_id);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabBarCloseTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabBarQueueFocus(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabBarQueueReorder(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab, int offset);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabBarQueueReorderFromMousePos(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab, ImVec2 mouse_pos);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TabBarProcessReorder(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TabItemEx(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const char* label, bool* p_open, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags, ImGuiWindow* docked_window);
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        TabItemCalcSize(const char* label, bool has_close_button_or_unsaved_marker);
+    IMGUI_API ImVec2        TabItemCalcSize(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabItemBackground(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& bb, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void          TabItemLabelAndCloseButton(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& bb, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags, ImVec2 frame_padding, const char* label, ImGuiID tab_id, ImGuiID close_button_id, bool is_contents_visible, bool* out_just_closed, bool* out_text_clipped);
+
+    // Render helpers
+    // AVOID USING OUTSIDE OF IMGUI.CPP! NOT FOR PUBLIC CONSUMPTION. THOSE FUNCTIONS ARE A MESS. THEIR SIGNATURE AND BEHAVIOR WILL CHANGE, THEY NEED TO BE REFACTORED INTO SOMETHING DECENT.
+    // NB: All position are in absolute pixels coordinates (we are never using window coordinates internally)
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderText(ImVec2 pos, const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL, bool hide_text_after_hash = true);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderTextWrapped(ImVec2 pos, const char* text, const char* text_end, float wrap_width);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderTextClipped(const ImVec2& pos_min, const ImVec2& pos_max, const char* text, const char* text_end, const ImVec2* text_size_if_known, const ImVec2& align = ImVec2(0, 0), const ImRect* clip_rect = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderTextClippedEx(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImVec2& pos_min, const ImVec2& pos_max, const char* text, const char* text_end, const ImVec2* text_size_if_known, const ImVec2& align = ImVec2(0, 0), const ImRect* clip_rect = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderTextEllipsis(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImVec2& pos_min, const ImVec2& pos_max, float clip_max_x, float ellipsis_max_x, const char* text, const char* text_end, const ImVec2* text_size_if_known);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderFrame(ImVec2 p_min, ImVec2 p_max, ImU32 fill_col, bool border = true, float rounding = 0.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderFrameBorder(ImVec2 p_min, ImVec2 p_max, float rounding = 0.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderColorRectWithAlphaCheckerboard(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 p_min, ImVec2 p_max, ImU32 fill_col, float grid_step, ImVec2 grid_off, float rounding = 0.0f, ImDrawFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderNavHighlight(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiNavHighlightFlags flags = ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeDefault); // Navigation highlight
+    IMGUI_API const char*   FindRenderedTextEnd(const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL); // Find the optional ## from which we stop displaying text.
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderMouseCursor(ImVec2 pos, float scale, ImGuiMouseCursor mouse_cursor, ImU32 col_fill, ImU32 col_border, ImU32 col_shadow);
+
+    // Render helpers (those functions don't access any ImGui state!)
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderArrow(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImU32 col, ImGuiDir dir, float scale = 1.0f);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderBullet(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderCheckMark(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImU32 col, float sz);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderArrowPointingAt(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImVec2 half_sz, ImGuiDir direction, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderArrowDockMenu(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 p_min, float sz, ImU32 col);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderRectFilledRangeH(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& rect, ImU32 col, float x_start_norm, float x_end_norm, float rounding);
+    IMGUI_API void          RenderRectFilledWithHole(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& outer, const ImRect& inner, ImU32 col, float rounding);
+    IMGUI_API ImDrawFlags   CalcRoundingFlagsForRectInRect(const ImRect& r_in, const ImRect& r_outer, float threshold);
+
+    // Widgets
+    IMGUI_API void          TextEx(const char* text, const char* text_end = NULL, ImGuiTextFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ButtonEx(const char* label, const ImVec2& size_arg = ImVec2(0, 0), ImGuiButtonFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ArrowButtonEx(const char* str_id, ImGuiDir dir, ImVec2 size_arg, ImGuiButtonFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ImageButtonEx(ImGuiID id, ImTextureID texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0, const ImVec2& uv1, const ImVec4& bg_col, const ImVec4& tint_col, ImGuiButtonFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API void          SeparatorEx(ImGuiSeparatorFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API void          SeparatorTextEx(ImGuiID id, const char* label, const char* label_end, float extra_width);
+    IMGUI_API bool          CheckboxFlags(const char* label, ImS64* flags, ImS64 flags_value);
+    IMGUI_API bool          CheckboxFlags(const char* label, ImU64* flags, ImU64 flags_value);
+
+    // Widgets: Window Decorations
+    IMGUI_API bool          CloseButton(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& pos);
+    IMGUI_API bool          CollapseButton(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiDockNode* dock_node);
+    IMGUI_API void          Scrollbar(ImGuiAxis axis);
+    IMGUI_API bool          ScrollbarEx(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiAxis axis, ImS64* p_scroll_v, ImS64 avail_v, ImS64 contents_v, ImDrawFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API ImRect        GetWindowScrollbarRect(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiAxis axis);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetWindowScrollbarID(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiAxis axis);
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetWindowResizeCornerID(ImGuiWindow* window, int n); // 0..3: corners
+    IMGUI_API ImGuiID       GetWindowResizeBorderID(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiDir dir);
+
+    // Widgets low-level behaviors
+    IMGUI_API bool          ButtonBehavior(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, bool* out_hovered, bool* out_held, ImGuiButtonFlags flags = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DragBehavior(ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_v, float v_speed, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SliderBehavior(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_v, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags, ImRect* out_grab_bb);
+    IMGUI_API bool          SplitterBehavior(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiAxis axis, float* size1, float* size2, float min_size1, float min_size2, float hover_extend = 0.0f, float hover_visibility_delay = 0.0f, ImU32 bg_col = 0);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeBehavior(ImGuiID id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* label, const char* label_end = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          TreePushOverrideID(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API void          TreeNodeSetOpen(ImGuiID id, bool open);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TreeNodeUpdateNextOpen(ImGuiID id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags);   // Return open state. Consume previous SetNextItemOpen() data, if any. May return true when logging.
+
+    // Template functions are instantiated in imgui_widgets.cpp for a finite number of types.
+    // To use them externally (for custom widget) you may need an "extern template" statement in your code in order to link to existing instances and silence Clang warnings (see #2036).
+    // e.g. " extern template IMGUI_API float RoundScalarWithFormatT<float, float>(const char* format, ImGuiDataType data_type, float v); "
+    template<typename T, typename SIGNED_T, typename FLOAT_T>   IMGUI_API float ScaleRatioFromValueT(ImGuiDataType data_type, T v, T v_min, T v_max, bool is_logarithmic, float logarithmic_zero_epsilon, float zero_deadzone_size);
+    template<typename T, typename SIGNED_T, typename FLOAT_T>   IMGUI_API T     ScaleValueFromRatioT(ImGuiDataType data_type, float t, T v_min, T v_max, bool is_logarithmic, float logarithmic_zero_epsilon, float zero_deadzone_size);
+    template<typename T, typename SIGNED_T, typename FLOAT_T>   IMGUI_API bool  DragBehaviorT(ImGuiDataType data_type, T* v, float v_speed, T v_min, T v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags);
+    template<typename T, typename SIGNED_T, typename FLOAT_T>   IMGUI_API bool  SliderBehaviorT(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, T* v, T v_min, T v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags, ImRect* out_grab_bb);
+    template<typename T>                                        IMGUI_API T     RoundScalarWithFormatT(const char* format, ImGuiDataType data_type, T v);
+    template<typename T>                                        IMGUI_API bool  CheckboxFlagsT(const char* label, T* flags, T flags_value);
+
+    // Data type helpers
+    IMGUI_API const ImGuiDataTypeInfo*  DataTypeGetInfo(ImGuiDataType data_type);
+    IMGUI_API int           DataTypeFormatString(char* buf, int buf_size, ImGuiDataType data_type, const void* p_data, const char* format);
+    IMGUI_API void          DataTypeApplyOp(ImGuiDataType data_type, int op, void* output, const void* arg_1, const void* arg_2);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DataTypeApplyFromText(const char* buf, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const char* format);
+    IMGUI_API int           DataTypeCompare(ImGuiDataType data_type, const void* arg_1, const void* arg_2);
+    IMGUI_API bool          DataTypeClamp(ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_min, const void* p_max);
+
+    // InputText
+    IMGUI_API bool          InputTextEx(const char* label, const char* hint, char* buf, int buf_size, const ImVec2& size_arg, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback = NULL, void* user_data = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          InputTextDeactivateHook(ImGuiID id);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TempInputText(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, const char* label, char* buf, int buf_size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API bool          TempInputScalar(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const char* format, const void* p_clamp_min = NULL, const void* p_clamp_max = NULL);
+    inline bool             TempInputIsActive(ImGuiID id)       { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return (g.ActiveId == id && g.TempInputId == id); }
+    inline ImGuiInputTextState* GetInputTextState(ImGuiID id)   { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; return (id != 0 && g.InputTextState.ID == id) ? &g.InputTextState : NULL; } // Get input text state if active
+
+    // Color
+    IMGUI_API void          ColorTooltip(const char* text, const float* col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API void          ColorEditOptionsPopup(const float* col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags);
+    IMGUI_API void          ColorPickerOptionsPopup(const float* ref_col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags);
+
+    // Plot
+    IMGUI_API int           PlotEx(ImGuiPlotType plot_type, const char* label, float (*values_getter)(void* data, int idx), void* data, int values_count, int values_offset, const char* overlay_text, float scale_min, float scale_max, const ImVec2& size_arg);
+
+    // Shade functions (write over already created vertices)
+    IMGUI_API void          ShadeVertsLinearColorGradientKeepAlpha(ImDrawList* draw_list, int vert_start_idx, int vert_end_idx, ImVec2 gradient_p0, ImVec2 gradient_p1, ImU32 col0, ImU32 col1);
+    IMGUI_API void          ShadeVertsLinearUV(ImDrawList* draw_list, int vert_start_idx, int vert_end_idx, const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& uv_a, const ImVec2& uv_b, bool clamp);
+
+    // Garbage collection
+    IMGUI_API void          GcCompactTransientMiscBuffers();
+    IMGUI_API void          GcCompactTransientWindowBuffers(ImGuiWindow* window);
+    IMGUI_API void          GcAwakeTransientWindowBuffers(ImGuiWindow* window);
+
+    // Debug Log
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugLog(const char* fmt, ...) IM_FMTARGS(1);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugLogV(const char* fmt, va_list args) IM_FMTLIST(1);
+
+    // Debug Tools
+    IMGUI_API void          ErrorCheckEndFrameRecover(ImGuiErrorLogCallback log_callback, void* user_data = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          ErrorCheckEndWindowRecover(ImGuiErrorLogCallback log_callback, void* user_data = NULL);
+    IMGUI_API void          ErrorCheckUsingSetCursorPosToExtendParentBoundaries();
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugLocateItem(ImGuiID target_id);                     // Call sparingly: only 1 at the same time!
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugLocateItemOnHover(ImGuiID target_id);              // Only call on reaction to a mouse Hover: because only 1 at the same time!
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugLocateItemResolveWithLastItem();
+    inline void             DebugDrawItemRect(ImU32 col = IM_COL32(255,0,0,255))    { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow; GetForegroundDrawList(window)->AddRect(g.LastItemData.Rect.Min, g.LastItemData.Rect.Max, col); }
+    inline void             DebugStartItemPicker()                                  { ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui; g.DebugItemPickerActive = true; }
+    IMGUI_API void          ShowFontAtlas(ImFontAtlas* atlas);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugHookIdInfo(ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, const void* data_id, const void* data_id_end);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeColumns(ImGuiOldColumns* columns);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeDockNode(ImGuiDockNode* node, const char* label);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeDrawList(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiViewportP* viewport, const ImDrawList* draw_list, const char* label);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeDrawCmdShowMeshAndBoundingBox(ImDrawList* out_draw_list, const ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImDrawCmd* draw_cmd, bool show_mesh, bool show_aabb);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeFont(ImFont* font);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeFontGlyph(ImFont* font, const ImFontGlyph* glyph);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeStorage(ImGuiStorage* storage, const char* label);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeTabBar(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const char* label);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeTable(ImGuiTable* table);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeTableSettings(ImGuiTableSettings* settings);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeInputTextState(ImGuiInputTextState* state);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeWindow(ImGuiWindow* window, const char* label);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeWindowSettings(ImGuiWindowSettings* settings);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeWindowsList(ImVector<ImGuiWindow*>* windows, const char* label);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeWindowsListByBeginStackParent(ImGuiWindow** windows, int windows_size, ImGuiWindow* parent_in_begin_stack);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugNodeViewport(ImGuiViewportP* viewport);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugRenderKeyboardPreview(ImDrawList* draw_list);
+    IMGUI_API void          DebugRenderViewportThumbnail(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImGuiViewportP* viewport, const ImRect& bb);
+
+    // Obsolete functions
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+    inline void     SetItemUsingMouseWheel()                                            { SetItemKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseWheelY); }      // Changed in 1.89
+    inline bool     TreeNodeBehaviorIsOpen(ImGuiID id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags = 0)    { return TreeNodeUpdateNextOpen(id, flags); }   // Renamed in 1.89
+
+    // Refactored focus/nav/tabbing system in 1.82 and 1.84. If you have old/custom copy-and-pasted widgets that used FocusableItemRegister():
+    //  (Old) IMGUI_VERSION_NUM  < 18209: using 'ItemAdd(....)'                              and 'bool tab_focused = FocusableItemRegister(...)'
+    //  (Old) IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18209: using 'ItemAdd(..., ImGuiItemAddFlags_Focusable)'  and 'bool tab_focused = (GetItemStatusFlags() & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Focused) != 0'
+    //  (New) IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18413: using 'ItemAdd(..., ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable)'     and 'bool tab_focused = (GetItemStatusFlags() & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_FocusedTabbing) != 0 || (g.NavActivateId == id && (g.NavActivateFlags & ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput))' (WIP)
+    // Widget code are simplified as there's no need to call FocusableItemUnregister() while managing the transition from regular widget to TempInputText()
+    inline bool     FocusableItemRegister(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID id)              { IM_ASSERT(0); IM_UNUSED(window); IM_UNUSED(id); return false; } // -> pass ImGuiItemAddFlags_Inputable flag to ItemAdd()
+    inline void     FocusableItemUnregister(ImGuiWindow* window)                        { IM_ASSERT(0); IM_UNUSED(window); }                              // -> unnecessary: TempInputText() uses ImGuiInputTextFlags_MergedItem
+#endif
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_KEYIO
+    inline bool     IsKeyPressedMap(ImGuiKey key, bool repeat = true)                   { IM_ASSERT(IsNamedKey(key)); return IsKeyPressed(key, repeat); } // Removed in 1.87: Mapping from named key is always identity!
+#endif
+
+} // namespace ImGui
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] ImFontAtlas internal API
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This structure is likely to evolve as we add support for incremental atlas updates
+struct ImFontBuilderIO
+{
+    bool    (*FontBuilder_Build)(ImFontAtlas* atlas);
+};
+
+// Helper for font builder
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_STB_TRUETYPE
+IMGUI_API const ImFontBuilderIO* ImFontAtlasGetBuilderForStbTruetype();
+#endif
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildInit(ImFontAtlas* atlas);
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildSetupFont(ImFontAtlas* atlas, ImFont* font, ImFontConfig* font_config, float ascent, float descent);
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildPackCustomRects(ImFontAtlas* atlas, void* stbrp_context_opaque);
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildFinish(ImFontAtlas* atlas);
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildRender8bppRectFromString(ImFontAtlas* atlas, int x, int y, int w, int h, const char* in_str, char in_marker_char, unsigned char in_marker_pixel_value);
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildRender32bppRectFromString(ImFontAtlas* atlas, int x, int y, int w, int h, const char* in_str, char in_marker_char, unsigned int in_marker_pixel_value);
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildMultiplyCalcLookupTable(unsigned char out_table[256], float in_multiply_factor);
+IMGUI_API void      ImFontAtlasBuildMultiplyRectAlpha8(const unsigned char table[256], unsigned char* pixels, int x, int y, int w, int h, int stride);
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Test Engine specific hooks (imgui_test_engine)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+extern void         ImGuiTestEngineHook_ItemAdd(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id, const ImRect& bb, const ImGuiLastItemData* item_data);           // item_data may be NULL
+extern void         ImGuiTestEngineHook_ItemInfo(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id, const char* label, ImGuiItemStatusFlags flags);
+extern void         ImGuiTestEngineHook_Log(ImGuiContext* ctx, const char* fmt, ...);
+extern const char*  ImGuiTestEngine_FindItemDebugLabel(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiID id);
+
+// In IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18934: changed IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(bb,id) to IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(id,bb,item_data);
+#define IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(_ID,_BB,_ITEM_DATA)      if (g.TestEngineHookItems) ImGuiTestEngineHook_ItemAdd(&g, _ID, _BB, _ITEM_DATA)    // Register item bounding box
+#define IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(_ID,_LABEL,_FLAGS)      if (g.TestEngineHookItems) ImGuiTestEngineHook_ItemInfo(&g, _ID, _LABEL, _FLAGS)    // Register item label and status flags (optional)
+#define IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_LOG(_FMT,...)                     if (g.TestEngineHookItems) ImGuiTestEngineHook_Log(&g, _FMT, __VA_ARGS__)           // Custom log entry from user land into test log
+#else
+#define IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(_BB,_ID)                 ((void)0)
+#define IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(_ID,_LABEL,_FLAGS)      ((void)g)
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_memory_editor.h b/external/imgui/imgui_memory_editor.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27de524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_memory_editor.h
@@ -0,0 +1,742 @@
+// Mini memory editor for Dear ImGui (to embed in your game/tools)
+// Get latest version at http://www.github.com/ocornut/imgui_club
+//
+// Right-click anywhere to access the Options menu!
+// You can adjust the keyboard repeat delay/rate in ImGuiIO.
+// The code assume a mono-space font for simplicity!
+// If you don't use the default font, use ImGui::PushFont()/PopFont() to switch to a mono-space font before calling this.
+//
+// Usage:
+//   // Create a window and draw memory editor inside it:
+//   static MemoryEditor mem_edit_1;
+//   static char data[0x10000];
+//   size_t data_size = 0x10000;
+//   mem_edit_1.DrawWindow("Memory Editor", data, data_size);
+//
+// Usage:
+//   // If you already have a window, use DrawContents() instead:
+//   static MemoryEditor mem_edit_2;
+//   ImGui::Begin("MyWindow")
+//   mem_edit_2.DrawContents(this, sizeof(*this), (size_t)this);
+//   ImGui::End();
+//
+// Changelog:
+// - v0.10: initial version
+// - v0.23 (2017/08/17): added to github. fixed right-arrow triggering a byte write.
+// - v0.24 (2018/06/02): changed DragInt("Rows" to use a %d data format (which is desirable since imgui 1.61).
+// - v0.25 (2018/07/11): fixed wording: all occurrences of "Rows" renamed to "Columns".
+// - v0.26 (2018/08/02): fixed clicking on hex region
+// - v0.30 (2018/08/02): added data preview for common data types
+// - v0.31 (2018/10/10): added OptUpperCaseHex option to select lower/upper casing display [@samhocevar]
+// - v0.32 (2018/10/10): changed signatures to use void* instead of unsigned char*
+// - v0.33 (2018/10/10): added OptShowOptions option to hide all the interactive option setting.
+// - v0.34 (2019/05/07): binary preview now applies endianness setting [@nicolasnoble]
+// - v0.35 (2020/01/29): using ImGuiDataType available since Dear ImGui 1.69.
+// - v0.36 (2020/05/05): minor tweaks, minor refactor.
+// - v0.40 (2020/10/04): fix misuse of ImGuiListClipper API, broke with Dear ImGui 1.79. made cursor position appears on left-side of edit box. option popup appears on mouse release. fix MSVC warnings where _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS wasn't working in recent versions.
+// - v0.41 (2020/10/05): fix when using with keyboard/gamepad navigation enabled.
+// - v0.42 (2020/10/14): fix for . character in ASCII view always being greyed out.
+// - v0.43 (2021/03/12): added OptFooterExtraHeight to allow for custom drawing at the bottom of the editor [@leiradel]
+// - v0.44 (2021/03/12): use ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysOverwrite in 1.82 + fix hardcoded width.
+// - v0.50 (2021/11/12): various fixes for recent dear imgui versions (fixed misuse of clipper, relying on SetKeyboardFocusHere() handling scrolling from 1.85). added default size.
+//
+// Todo/Bugs:
+// - This is generally old/crappy code, it should work but isn't very good.. to be rewritten some day.
+// - PageUp/PageDown are supported because we use _NoNav. This is a good test scenario for working out idioms of how to mix natural nav and our own...
+// - Arrows are being sent to the InputText() about to disappear which for LeftArrow makes the text cursor appear at position 1 for one frame.
+// - Using InputText() is awkward and maybe overkill here, consider implementing something custom.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdio.h>      // sprintf, scanf
+#include <stdint.h>     // uint8_t, etc.
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define _PRISizeT   "I"
+#define ImSnprintf  _snprintf
+#else
+#define _PRISizeT   "z"
+#define ImSnprintf  snprintf
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (push)
+#pragma warning (disable: 4996) // warning C4996: 'sprintf': This function or variable may be unsafe.
+#endif
+
+struct MemoryEditor
+{
+    enum DataFormat
+    {
+        DataFormat_Bin = 0,
+        DataFormat_Dec = 1,
+        DataFormat_Hex = 2,
+        DataFormat_COUNT
+    };
+
+    // Settings
+    bool            Open;                                       // = true   // set to false when DrawWindow() was closed. ignore if not using DrawWindow().
+    bool            ReadOnly;                                   // = false  // disable any editing.
+    int             Cols;                                       // = 16     // number of columns to display.
+    bool            OptShowOptions;                             // = true   // display options button/context menu. when disabled, options will be locked unless you provide your own UI for them.
+    bool            OptShowDataPreview;                         // = false  // display a footer previewing the decimal/binary/hex/float representation of the currently selected bytes.
+    bool            OptShowHexII;                               // = false  // display values in HexII representation instead of regular hexadecimal: hide null/zero bytes, ascii values as ".X".
+    bool            OptShowAscii;                               // = true   // display ASCII representation on the right side.
+    bool            OptGreyOutZeroes;                           // = true   // display null/zero bytes using the TextDisabled color.
+    bool            OptUpperCaseHex;                            // = true   // display hexadecimal values as "FF" instead of "ff".
+    int             OptMidColsCount;                            // = 8      // set to 0 to disable extra spacing between every mid-cols.
+    int             OptAddrDigitsCount;                         // = 0      // number of addr digits to display (default calculated based on maximum displayed addr).
+    float           OptFooterExtraHeight;                       // = 0      // space to reserve at the bottom of the widget to add custom widgets
+    ImU32           HighlightColor;                             //          // background color of highlighted bytes.
+    ImU8            (*ReadFn)(const ImU8* data, size_t off);    // = 0      // optional handler to read bytes.
+    void            (*WriteFn)(ImU8* data, size_t off, ImU8 d); // = 0      // optional handler to write bytes.
+    bool            (*HighlightFn)(const ImU8* data, size_t off);//= 0      // optional handler to return Highlight property (to support non-contiguous highlighting).
+
+    // [Internal State]
+    bool            ContentsWidthChanged;
+    size_t          DataPreviewAddr;
+    size_t          DataEditingAddr;
+    bool            DataEditingTakeFocus;
+    char            DataInputBuf[32];
+    char            AddrInputBuf[32];
+    size_t          GotoAddr;
+    size_t          HighlightMin, HighlightMax;
+    int             PreviewEndianess;
+    ImGuiDataType   PreviewDataType;
+
+    MemoryEditor()
+    {
+        // Settings
+        Open = true;
+        ReadOnly = false;
+        Cols = 16;
+        OptShowOptions = true;
+        OptShowDataPreview = false;
+        OptShowHexII = false;
+        OptShowAscii = true;
+        OptGreyOutZeroes = true;
+        OptUpperCaseHex = true;
+        OptMidColsCount = 8;
+        OptAddrDigitsCount = 0;
+        OptFooterExtraHeight = 0.0f;
+        HighlightColor = IM_COL32(255, 255, 255, 50);
+        ReadFn = NULL;
+        WriteFn = NULL;
+        HighlightFn = NULL;
+
+        // State/Internals
+        ContentsWidthChanged = false;
+        DataPreviewAddr = DataEditingAddr = (size_t)-1;
+        DataEditingTakeFocus = false;
+        memset(DataInputBuf, 0, sizeof(DataInputBuf));
+        memset(AddrInputBuf, 0, sizeof(AddrInputBuf));
+        GotoAddr = (size_t)-1;
+        HighlightMin = HighlightMax = (size_t)-1;
+        PreviewEndianess = 0;
+        PreviewDataType = ImGuiDataType_S32;
+    }
+
+    void GotoAddrAndHighlight(size_t addr_min, size_t addr_max)
+    {
+        GotoAddr = addr_min;
+        HighlightMin = addr_min;
+        HighlightMax = addr_max;
+    }
+
+    struct Sizes
+    {
+        int     AddrDigitsCount;
+        float   LineHeight;
+        float   GlyphWidth;
+        float   HexCellWidth;
+        float   SpacingBetweenMidCols;
+        float   PosHexStart;
+        float   PosHexEnd;
+        float   PosAsciiStart;
+        float   PosAsciiEnd;
+        float   WindowWidth;
+
+        Sizes() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+    };
+
+    void CalcSizes(Sizes& s, size_t mem_size, size_t base_display_addr)
+    {
+        ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+        s.AddrDigitsCount = OptAddrDigitsCount;
+        if (s.AddrDigitsCount == 0)
+            for (size_t n = base_display_addr + mem_size - 1; n > 0; n >>= 4)
+                s.AddrDigitsCount++;
+        s.LineHeight = ImGui::GetTextLineHeight();
+        s.GlyphWidth = ImGui::CalcTextSize("F").x + 1;                  // We assume the font is mono-space
+        s.HexCellWidth = (float)(int)(s.GlyphWidth * 2.5f);             // "FF " we include trailing space in the width to easily catch clicks everywhere
+        s.SpacingBetweenMidCols = (float)(int)(s.HexCellWidth * 0.25f); // Every OptMidColsCount columns we add a bit of extra spacing
+        s.PosHexStart = (s.AddrDigitsCount + 2) * s.GlyphWidth;
+        s.PosHexEnd = s.PosHexStart + (s.HexCellWidth * Cols);
+        s.PosAsciiStart = s.PosAsciiEnd = s.PosHexEnd;
+        if (OptShowAscii)
+        {
+            s.PosAsciiStart = s.PosHexEnd + s.GlyphWidth * 1;
+            if (OptMidColsCount > 0)
+                s.PosAsciiStart += (float)((Cols + OptMidColsCount - 1) / OptMidColsCount) * s.SpacingBetweenMidCols;
+            s.PosAsciiEnd = s.PosAsciiStart + Cols * s.GlyphWidth;
+        }
+        s.WindowWidth = s.PosAsciiEnd + style.ScrollbarSize + style.WindowPadding.x * 2 + s.GlyphWidth;
+    }
+
+    // Standalone Memory Editor window
+    void DrawWindow(const char* title, void* mem_data, size_t mem_size, size_t base_display_addr = 0x0000)
+    {
+        Sizes s;
+        CalcSizes(s, mem_size, base_display_addr);
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(s.WindowWidth, s.WindowWidth * 0.60f), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
+        ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f), ImVec2(s.WindowWidth, FLT_MAX));
+
+        Open = true;
+        if (ImGui::Begin(title, &Open, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar))
+        {
+            if (ImGui::IsWindowHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_RootAndChildWindows) && ImGui::IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton_Right))
+                ImGui::OpenPopup("context");
+            DrawContents(mem_data, mem_size, base_display_addr);
+            if (ContentsWidthChanged)
+            {
+                CalcSizes(s, mem_size, base_display_addr);
+                ImGui::SetWindowSize(ImVec2(s.WindowWidth, ImGui::GetWindowSize().y));
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::End();
+    }
+
+    // Memory Editor contents only
+    void DrawContents(void* mem_data_void, size_t mem_size, size_t base_display_addr = 0x0000)
+    {
+        if (Cols < 1)
+            Cols = 1;
+
+        ImU8* mem_data = (ImU8*)mem_data_void;
+        Sizes s;
+        CalcSizes(s, mem_size, base_display_addr);
+        ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+
+        // We begin into our scrolling region with the 'ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove' in order to prevent click from moving the window.
+        // This is used as a facility since our main click detection code doesn't assign an ActiveId so the click would normally be caught as a window-move.
+        const float height_separator = style.ItemSpacing.y;
+        float footer_height = OptFooterExtraHeight;
+        if (OptShowOptions)
+            footer_height += height_separator + ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() * 1;
+        if (OptShowDataPreview)
+            footer_height += height_separator + ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() * 1 + ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * 3;
+        ImGui::BeginChild("##scrolling", ImVec2(0, -footer_height), false, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNav);
+        ImDrawList* draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2(0, 0));
+        ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0, 0));
+
+        // We are not really using the clipper API correctly here, because we rely on visible_start_addr/visible_end_addr for our scrolling function.
+        const int line_total_count = (int)((mem_size + Cols - 1) / Cols);
+        ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+        clipper.Begin(line_total_count, s.LineHeight);
+
+        bool data_next = false;
+
+        if (ReadOnly || DataEditingAddr >= mem_size)
+            DataEditingAddr = (size_t)-1;
+        if (DataPreviewAddr >= mem_size)
+            DataPreviewAddr = (size_t)-1;
+
+        size_t preview_data_type_size = OptShowDataPreview ? DataTypeGetSize(PreviewDataType) : 0;
+
+        size_t data_editing_addr_next = (size_t)-1;
+        if (DataEditingAddr != (size_t)-1)
+        {
+            // Move cursor but only apply on next frame so scrolling with be synchronized (because currently we can't change the scrolling while the window is being rendered)
+            if (ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGui::GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey_UpArrow)) && (ptrdiff_t)DataEditingAddr >= (ptrdiff_t)Cols)                     { data_editing_addr_next = DataEditingAddr - Cols; }
+            else if (ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGui::GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey_DownArrow)) && (ptrdiff_t)DataEditingAddr < (ptrdiff_t)mem_size - Cols)    { data_editing_addr_next = DataEditingAddr + Cols; }
+            else if (ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGui::GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey_LeftArrow)) && (ptrdiff_t)DataEditingAddr > (ptrdiff_t)0)                  { data_editing_addr_next = DataEditingAddr - 1; }
+            else if (ImGui::IsKeyPressed(ImGui::GetKeyIndex(ImGuiKey_RightArrow)) && (ptrdiff_t)DataEditingAddr < (ptrdiff_t)mem_size - 1)      { data_editing_addr_next = DataEditingAddr + 1; }
+        }
+
+        // Draw vertical separator
+        ImVec2 window_pos = ImGui::GetWindowPos();
+        if (OptShowAscii)
+            draw_list->AddLine(ImVec2(window_pos.x + s.PosAsciiStart - s.GlyphWidth, window_pos.y), ImVec2(window_pos.x + s.PosAsciiStart - s.GlyphWidth, window_pos.y + 9999), ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border));
+
+        const ImU32 color_text = ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+        const ImU32 color_disabled = OptGreyOutZeroes ? ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled) : color_text;
+
+        const char* format_address = OptUpperCaseHex ? "%0*" _PRISizeT "X: " : "%0*" _PRISizeT "x: ";
+        const char* format_data = OptUpperCaseHex ? "%0*" _PRISizeT "X" : "%0*" _PRISizeT "x";
+        const char* format_byte = OptUpperCaseHex ? "%02X" : "%02x";
+        const char* format_byte_space = OptUpperCaseHex ? "%02X " : "%02x ";
+
+        while (clipper.Step())
+            for (int line_i = clipper.DisplayStart; line_i < clipper.DisplayEnd; line_i++) // display only visible lines
+            {
+                size_t addr = (size_t)(line_i * Cols);
+                ImGui::Text(format_address, s.AddrDigitsCount, base_display_addr + addr);
+
+                // Draw Hexadecimal
+                for (int n = 0; n < Cols && addr < mem_size; n++, addr++)
+                {
+                    float byte_pos_x = s.PosHexStart + s.HexCellWidth * n;
+                    if (OptMidColsCount > 0)
+                        byte_pos_x += (float)(n / OptMidColsCount) * s.SpacingBetweenMidCols;
+                    ImGui::SameLine(byte_pos_x);
+
+                    // Draw highlight
+                    bool is_highlight_from_user_range = (addr >= HighlightMin && addr < HighlightMax);
+                    bool is_highlight_from_user_func = (HighlightFn && HighlightFn(mem_data, addr));
+                    bool is_highlight_from_preview = (addr >= DataPreviewAddr && addr < DataPreviewAddr + preview_data_type_size);
+                    if (is_highlight_from_user_range || is_highlight_from_user_func || is_highlight_from_preview)
+                    {
+                        ImVec2 pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                        float highlight_width = s.GlyphWidth * 2;
+                        bool is_next_byte_highlighted = (addr + 1 < mem_size) && ((HighlightMax != (size_t)-1 && addr + 1 < HighlightMax) || (HighlightFn && HighlightFn(mem_data, addr + 1)));
+                        if (is_next_byte_highlighted || (n + 1 == Cols))
+                        {
+                            highlight_width = s.HexCellWidth;
+                            if (OptMidColsCount > 0 && n > 0 && (n + 1) < Cols && ((n + 1) % OptMidColsCount) == 0)
+                                highlight_width += s.SpacingBetweenMidCols;
+                        }
+                        draw_list->AddRectFilled(pos, ImVec2(pos.x + highlight_width, pos.y + s.LineHeight), HighlightColor);
+                    }
+
+                    if (DataEditingAddr == addr)
+                    {
+                        // Display text input on current byte
+                        bool data_write = false;
+                        ImGui::PushID((void*)addr);
+                        if (DataEditingTakeFocus)
+                        {
+                            ImGui::SetKeyboardFocusHere(0);
+                            sprintf(AddrInputBuf, format_data, s.AddrDigitsCount, base_display_addr + addr);
+                            sprintf(DataInputBuf, format_byte, ReadFn ? ReadFn(mem_data, addr) : mem_data[addr]);
+                        }
+                        struct UserData
+                        {
+                            // FIXME: We should have a way to retrieve the text edit cursor position more easily in the API, this is rather tedious. This is such a ugly mess we may be better off not using InputText() at all here.
+                            static int Callback(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data)
+                            {
+                                UserData* user_data = (UserData*)data->UserData;
+                                if (!data->HasSelection())
+                                    user_data->CursorPos = data->CursorPos;
+                                if (data->SelectionStart == 0 && data->SelectionEnd == data->BufTextLen)
+                                {
+                                    // When not editing a byte, always refresh its InputText content pulled from underlying memory data
+                                    // (this is a bit tricky, since InputText technically "owns" the master copy of the buffer we edit it in there)
+                                    data->DeleteChars(0, data->BufTextLen);
+                                    data->InsertChars(0, user_data->CurrentBufOverwrite);
+                                    data->SelectionStart = 0;
+                                    data->SelectionEnd = 2;
+                                    data->CursorPos = 0;
+                                }
+                                return 0;
+                            }
+                            char   CurrentBufOverwrite[3];  // Input
+                            int    CursorPos;               // Output
+                        };
+                        UserData user_data;
+                        user_data.CursorPos = -1;
+                        sprintf(user_data.CurrentBufOverwrite, format_byte, ReadFn ? ReadFn(mem_data, addr) : mem_data[addr]);
+                        ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue | ImGuiInputTextFlags_AutoSelectAll | ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoHorizontalScroll | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackAlways;
+#if IMGUI_VERSION_NUM >= 18104
+                        flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysOverwrite;
+#else
+                        flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysInsertMode;
+#endif
+                        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(s.GlyphWidth * 2);
+                        if (ImGui::InputText("##data", DataInputBuf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(DataInputBuf), flags, UserData::Callback, &user_data))
+                            data_write = data_next = true;
+                        else if (!DataEditingTakeFocus && !ImGui::IsItemActive())
+                            DataEditingAddr = data_editing_addr_next = (size_t)-1;
+                        DataEditingTakeFocus = false;
+                        if (user_data.CursorPos >= 2)
+                            data_write = data_next = true;
+                        if (data_editing_addr_next != (size_t)-1)
+                            data_write = data_next = false;
+                        unsigned int data_input_value = 0;
+                        if (data_write && sscanf(DataInputBuf, "%X", &data_input_value) == 1)
+                        {
+                            if (WriteFn)
+                                WriteFn(mem_data, addr, (ImU8)data_input_value);
+                            else
+                                mem_data[addr] = (ImU8)data_input_value;
+                        }
+                        ImGui::PopID();
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // NB: The trailing space is not visible but ensure there's no gap that the mouse cannot click on.
+                        ImU8 b = ReadFn ? ReadFn(mem_data, addr) : mem_data[addr];
+
+                        if (OptShowHexII)
+                        {
+                            if ((b >= 32 && b < 128))
+                                ImGui::Text(".%c ", b);
+                            else if (b == 0xFF && OptGreyOutZeroes)
+                                ImGui::TextDisabled("## ");
+                            else if (b == 0x00)
+                                ImGui::Text("   ");
+                            else
+                                ImGui::Text(format_byte_space, b);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            if (b == 0 && OptGreyOutZeroes)
+                                ImGui::TextDisabled("00 ");
+                            else
+                                ImGui::Text(format_byte_space, b);
+                        }
+                        if (!ReadOnly && ImGui::IsItemHovered() && ImGui::IsMouseClicked(0))
+                        {
+                            DataEditingTakeFocus = true;
+                            data_editing_addr_next = addr;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if (OptShowAscii)
+                {
+                    // Draw ASCII values
+                    ImGui::SameLine(s.PosAsciiStart);
+                    ImVec2 pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+                    addr = line_i * Cols;
+                    ImGui::PushID(line_i);
+                    if (ImGui::InvisibleButton("ascii", ImVec2(s.PosAsciiEnd - s.PosAsciiStart, s.LineHeight)))
+                    {
+                        DataEditingAddr = DataPreviewAddr = addr + (size_t)((ImGui::GetIO().MousePos.x - pos.x) / s.GlyphWidth);
+                        DataEditingTakeFocus = true;
+                    }
+                    ImGui::PopID();
+                    for (int n = 0; n < Cols && addr < mem_size; n++, addr++)
+                    {
+                        if (addr == DataEditingAddr)
+                        {
+                            draw_list->AddRectFilled(pos, ImVec2(pos.x + s.GlyphWidth, pos.y + s.LineHeight), ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_FrameBg));
+                            draw_list->AddRectFilled(pos, ImVec2(pos.x + s.GlyphWidth, pos.y + s.LineHeight), ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg));
+                        }
+                        unsigned char c = ReadFn ? ReadFn(mem_data, addr) : mem_data[addr];
+                        char display_c = (c < 32 || c >= 128) ? '.' : c;
+                        draw_list->AddText(pos, (display_c == c) ? color_text : color_disabled, &display_c, &display_c + 1);
+                        pos.x += s.GlyphWidth;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        ImGui::PopStyleVar(2);
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+
+        // Notify the main window of our ideal child content size (FIXME: we are missing an API to get the contents size from the child)
+        ImGui::SetCursorPosX(s.WindowWidth);
+
+        if (data_next && DataEditingAddr + 1 < mem_size)
+        {
+            DataEditingAddr = DataPreviewAddr = DataEditingAddr + 1;
+            DataEditingTakeFocus = true;
+        }
+        else if (data_editing_addr_next != (size_t)-1)
+        {
+            DataEditingAddr = DataPreviewAddr = data_editing_addr_next;
+            DataEditingTakeFocus = true;
+        }
+
+        const bool lock_show_data_preview = OptShowDataPreview;
+        if (OptShowOptions)
+        {
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            DrawOptionsLine(s, mem_data, mem_size, base_display_addr);
+        }
+
+        if (lock_show_data_preview)
+        {
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            DrawPreviewLine(s, mem_data, mem_size, base_display_addr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void DrawOptionsLine(const Sizes& s, void* mem_data, size_t mem_size, size_t base_display_addr)
+    {
+        IM_UNUSED(mem_data);
+        ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+        const char* format_range = OptUpperCaseHex ? "Range %0*" _PRISizeT "X..%0*" _PRISizeT "X" : "Range %0*" _PRISizeT "x..%0*" _PRISizeT "x";
+
+        // Options menu
+        if (ImGui::Button("Options"))
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("context");
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopup("context"))
+        {
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(s.GlyphWidth * 7 + style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f);
+            if (ImGui::DragInt("##cols", &Cols, 0.2f, 4, 32, "%d cols")) { ContentsWidthChanged = true; if (Cols < 1) Cols = 1; }
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Show Data Preview", &OptShowDataPreview);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Show HexII", &OptShowHexII);
+            if (ImGui::Checkbox("Show Ascii", &OptShowAscii)) { ContentsWidthChanged = true; }
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Grey out zeroes", &OptGreyOutZeroes);
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Uppercase Hex", &OptUpperCaseHex);
+
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text(format_range, s.AddrDigitsCount, base_display_addr, s.AddrDigitsCount, base_display_addr + mem_size - 1);
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth((s.AddrDigitsCount + 1) * s.GlyphWidth + style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f);
+        if (ImGui::InputText("##addr", AddrInputBuf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(AddrInputBuf), ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue))
+        {
+            size_t goto_addr;
+            if (sscanf(AddrInputBuf, "%" _PRISizeT "X", &goto_addr) == 1)
+            {
+                GotoAddr = goto_addr - base_display_addr;
+                HighlightMin = HighlightMax = (size_t)-1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (GotoAddr != (size_t)-1)
+        {
+            if (GotoAddr < mem_size)
+            {
+                ImGui::BeginChild("##scrolling");
+                ImGui::SetScrollFromPosY(ImGui::GetCursorStartPos().y + (GotoAddr / Cols) * ImGui::GetTextLineHeight());
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+                DataEditingAddr = DataPreviewAddr = GotoAddr;
+                DataEditingTakeFocus = true;
+            }
+            GotoAddr = (size_t)-1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void DrawPreviewLine(const Sizes& s, void* mem_data_void, size_t mem_size, size_t base_display_addr)
+    {
+        IM_UNUSED(base_display_addr);
+        ImU8* mem_data = (ImU8*)mem_data_void;
+        ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+        ImGui::Text("Preview as:");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth((s.GlyphWidth * 10.0f) + style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("##combo_type", DataTypeGetDesc(PreviewDataType), ImGuiComboFlags_HeightLargest))
+        {
+            for (int n = 0; n < ImGuiDataType_COUNT; n++)
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(DataTypeGetDesc((ImGuiDataType)n), PreviewDataType == n))
+                    PreviewDataType = (ImGuiDataType)n;
+            ImGui::EndCombo();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth((s.GlyphWidth * 6.0f) + style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        ImGui::Combo("##combo_endianess", &PreviewEndianess, "LE\0BE\0\0");
+
+        char buf[128] = "";
+        float x = s.GlyphWidth * 6.0f;
+        bool has_value = DataPreviewAddr != (size_t)-1;
+        if (has_value)
+            DrawPreviewData(DataPreviewAddr, mem_data, mem_size, PreviewDataType, DataFormat_Dec, buf, (size_t)IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+        ImGui::Text("Dec"); ImGui::SameLine(x); ImGui::TextUnformatted(has_value ? buf : "N/A");
+        if (has_value)
+            DrawPreviewData(DataPreviewAddr, mem_data, mem_size, PreviewDataType, DataFormat_Hex, buf, (size_t)IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+        ImGui::Text("Hex"); ImGui::SameLine(x); ImGui::TextUnformatted(has_value ? buf : "N/A");
+        if (has_value)
+            DrawPreviewData(DataPreviewAddr, mem_data, mem_size, PreviewDataType, DataFormat_Bin, buf, (size_t)IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf));
+        buf[IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf) - 1] = 0;
+        ImGui::Text("Bin"); ImGui::SameLine(x); ImGui::TextUnformatted(has_value ? buf : "N/A");
+    }
+
+    // Utilities for Data Preview
+    const char* DataTypeGetDesc(ImGuiDataType data_type) const
+    {
+        const char* descs[] = { "Int8", "Uint8", "Int16", "Uint16", "Int32", "Uint32", "Int64", "Uint64", "Float", "Double" };
+        IM_ASSERT(data_type >= 0 && data_type < ImGuiDataType_COUNT);
+        return descs[data_type];
+    }
+
+    size_t DataTypeGetSize(ImGuiDataType data_type) const
+    {
+        const size_t sizes[] = { 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, sizeof(float), sizeof(double) };
+        IM_ASSERT(data_type >= 0 && data_type < ImGuiDataType_COUNT);
+        return sizes[data_type];
+    }
+
+    const char* DataFormatGetDesc(DataFormat data_format) const
+    {
+        const char* descs[] = { "Bin", "Dec", "Hex" };
+        IM_ASSERT(data_format >= 0 && data_format < DataFormat_COUNT);
+        return descs[data_format];
+    }
+
+    bool IsBigEndian() const
+    {
+        uint16_t x = 1;
+        char c[2];
+        memcpy(c, &x, 2);
+        return c[0] != 0;
+    }
+
+    static void* EndianessCopyBigEndian(void* _dst, void* _src, size_t s, int is_little_endian)
+    {
+        if (is_little_endian)
+        {
+            uint8_t* dst = (uint8_t*)_dst;
+            uint8_t* src = (uint8_t*)_src + s - 1;
+            for (int i = 0, n = (int)s; i < n; ++i)
+                memcpy(dst++, src--, 1);
+            return _dst;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            return memcpy(_dst, _src, s);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void* EndianessCopyLittleEndian(void* _dst, void* _src, size_t s, int is_little_endian)
+    {
+        if (is_little_endian)
+        {
+            return memcpy(_dst, _src, s);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            uint8_t* dst = (uint8_t*)_dst;
+            uint8_t* src = (uint8_t*)_src + s - 1;
+            for (int i = 0, n = (int)s; i < n; ++i)
+                memcpy(dst++, src--, 1);
+            return _dst;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void* EndianessCopy(void* dst, void* src, size_t size) const
+    {
+        static void* (*fp)(void*, void*, size_t, int) = NULL;
+        if (fp == NULL)
+            fp = IsBigEndian() ? EndianessCopyBigEndian : EndianessCopyLittleEndian;
+        return fp(dst, src, size, PreviewEndianess);
+    }
+
+    const char* FormatBinary(const uint8_t* buf, int width) const
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(width <= 64);
+        size_t out_n = 0;
+        static char out_buf[64 + 8 + 1];
+        int n = width / 8;
+        for (int j = n - 1; j >= 0; --j)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
+                out_buf[out_n++] = (buf[j] & (1 << (7 - i))) ? '1' : '0';
+            out_buf[out_n++] = ' ';
+        }
+        IM_ASSERT(out_n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(out_buf));
+        out_buf[out_n] = 0;
+        return out_buf;
+    }
+
+    // [Internal]
+    void DrawPreviewData(size_t addr, const ImU8* mem_data, size_t mem_size, ImGuiDataType data_type, DataFormat data_format, char* out_buf, size_t out_buf_size) const
+    {
+        uint8_t buf[8];
+        size_t elem_size = DataTypeGetSize(data_type);
+        size_t size = addr + elem_size > mem_size ? mem_size - addr : elem_size;
+        if (ReadFn)
+            for (int i = 0, n = (int)size; i < n; ++i)
+                buf[i] = ReadFn(mem_data, addr + i);
+        else
+            memcpy(buf, mem_data + addr, size);
+
+        if (data_format == DataFormat_Bin)
+        {
+            uint8_t binbuf[8];
+            EndianessCopy(binbuf, buf, size);
+            ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%s", FormatBinary(binbuf, (int)size * 8));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        out_buf[0] = 0;
+        switch (data_type)
+        {
+        case ImGuiDataType_S8:
+        {
+            int8_t int8 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&int8, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%hhd", int8); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%02x", int8 & 0xFF); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_U8:
+        {
+            uint8_t uint8 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&uint8, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%hhu", uint8); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%02x", uint8 & 0XFF); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_S16:
+        {
+            int16_t int16 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&int16, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%hd", int16); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%04x", int16 & 0xFFFF); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_U16:
+        {
+            uint16_t uint16 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&uint16, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%hu", uint16); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%04x", uint16 & 0xFFFF); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_S32:
+        {
+            int32_t int32 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&int32, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%d", int32); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%08x", int32); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_U32:
+        {
+            uint32_t uint32 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&uint32, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%u", uint32); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%08x", uint32); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_S64:
+        {
+            int64_t int64 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&int64, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%lld", (long long)int64); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%016llx", (long long)int64); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_U64:
+        {
+            uint64_t uint64 = 0;
+            EndianessCopy(&uint64, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%llu", (long long)uint64); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "0x%016llx", (long long)uint64); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_Float:
+        {
+            float float32 = 0.0f;
+            EndianessCopy(&float32, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%f", float32); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%a", float32); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_Double:
+        {
+            double float64 = 0.0;
+            EndianessCopy(&float64, buf, size);
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Dec) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%f", float64); return; }
+            if (data_format == DataFormat_Hex) { ImSnprintf(out_buf, out_buf_size, "%a", float64); return; }
+            break;
+        }
+        case ImGuiDataType_COUNT:
+            break;
+        } // Switch
+        IM_ASSERT(0); // Shouldn't reach
+    }
+};
+
+#undef _PRISizeT
+#undef ImSnprintf
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (pop)
+#endif
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_stdlib.cpp b/external/imgui/imgui_stdlib.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf69aa8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_stdlib.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+// dear imgui: wrappers for C++ standard library (STL) types (std::string, etc.)
+// This is also an example of how you may wrap your own similar types.
+
+// Changelog:
+// - v0.10: Initial version. Added InputText() / InputTextMultiline() calls with std::string
+
+// See more C++ related extension (fmt, RAII, syntaxis sugar) on Wiki:
+//   https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Useful-Extensions#cness
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#include "imgui_stdlib.h"
+
+// Clang warnings with -Weverything
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"    // warning: implicit conversion changes signedness
+#endif
+
+struct InputTextCallback_UserData
+{
+    std::string*            Str;
+    ImGuiInputTextCallback  ChainCallback;
+    void*                   ChainCallbackUserData;
+};
+
+static int InputTextCallback(ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data)
+{
+    InputTextCallback_UserData* user_data = (InputTextCallback_UserData*)data->UserData;
+    if (data->EventFlag == ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize)
+    {
+        // Resize string callback
+        // If for some reason we refuse the new length (BufTextLen) and/or capacity (BufSize) we need to set them back to what we want.
+        std::string* str = user_data->Str;
+        IM_ASSERT(data->Buf == str->c_str());
+        str->resize(data->BufTextLen);
+        data->Buf = (char*)str->c_str();
+    }
+    else if (user_data->ChainCallback)
+    {
+        // Forward to user callback, if any
+        data->UserData = user_data->ChainCallbackUserData;
+        return user_data->ChainCallback(data);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputText(const char* label, std::string* str, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize) == 0);
+    flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize;
+
+    InputTextCallback_UserData cb_user_data;
+    cb_user_data.Str = str;
+    cb_user_data.ChainCallback = callback;
+    cb_user_data.ChainCallbackUserData = user_data;
+    return InputText(label, (char*)str->c_str(), str->capacity() + 1, flags, InputTextCallback, &cb_user_data);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputTextMultiline(const char* label, std::string* str, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize) == 0);
+    flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize;
+
+    InputTextCallback_UserData cb_user_data;
+    cb_user_data.Str = str;
+    cb_user_data.ChainCallback = callback;
+    cb_user_data.ChainCallbackUserData = user_data;
+    return InputTextMultiline(label, (char*)str->c_str(), str->capacity() + 1, size, flags, InputTextCallback, &cb_user_data);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputTextWithHint(const char* label, const char* hint, std::string* str, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize) == 0);
+    flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize;
+
+    InputTextCallback_UserData cb_user_data;
+    cb_user_data.Str = str;
+    cb_user_data.ChainCallback = callback;
+    cb_user_data.ChainCallbackUserData = user_data;
+    return InputTextWithHint(label, hint, (char*)str->c_str(), str->capacity() + 1, flags, InputTextCallback, &cb_user_data);
+}
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+#endif
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_stdlib.h b/external/imgui/imgui_stdlib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..835a808
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_stdlib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// dear imgui: wrappers for C++ standard library (STL) types (std::string, etc.)
+// This is also an example of how you may wrap your own similar types.
+
+// Changelog:
+// - v0.10: Initial version. Added InputText() / InputTextMultiline() calls with std::string
+
+// See more C++ related extension (fmt, RAII, syntaxis sugar) on Wiki:
+//   https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Useful-Extensions#cness
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    // ImGui::InputText() with std::string
+    // Because text input needs dynamic resizing, we need to setup a callback to grow the capacity
+    IMGUI_API bool  InputText(const char* label, std::string* str, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback = nullptr, void* user_data = nullptr);
+    IMGUI_API bool  InputTextMultiline(const char* label, std::string* str, const ImVec2& size = ImVec2(0, 0), ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback = nullptr, void* user_data = nullptr);
+    IMGUI_API bool  InputTextWithHint(const char* label, const char* hint, std::string* str, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = 0, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback = nullptr, void* user_data = nullptr);
+}
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_tables.cpp b/external/imgui/imgui_tables.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e92ff2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_tables.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,4117 @@
+// dear imgui, v1.89.5 WIP
+// (tables and columns code)
+
+/*
+
+Index of this file:
+
+// [SECTION] Commentary
+// [SECTION] Header mess
+// [SECTION] Tables: Main code
+// [SECTION] Tables: Simple accessors
+// [SECTION] Tables: Row changes
+// [SECTION] Tables: Columns changes
+// [SECTION] Tables: Columns width management
+// [SECTION] Tables: Drawing
+// [SECTION] Tables: Sorting
+// [SECTION] Tables: Headers
+// [SECTION] Tables: Context Menu
+// [SECTION] Tables: Settings (.ini data)
+// [SECTION] Tables: Garbage Collection
+// [SECTION] Tables: Debugging
+// [SECTION] Columns, BeginColumns, EndColumns, etc.
+
+*/
+
+// Navigating this file:
+// - In Visual Studio IDE: CTRL+comma ("Edit.GoToAll") can follow symbols in comments, whereas CTRL+F12 ("Edit.GoToImplementation") cannot.
+// - With Visual Assist installed: ALT+G ("VAssistX.GoToImplementation") can also follow symbols in comments.
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Commentary
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Typical tables call flow: (root level is generally public API):
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - BeginTable()                               user begin into a table
+//    | BeginChild()                            - (if ScrollX/ScrollY is set)
+//    | TableBeginInitMemory()                  - first time table is used
+//    | TableResetSettings()                    - on settings reset
+//    | TableLoadSettings()                     - on settings load
+//    | TableBeginApplyRequests()               - apply queued resizing/reordering/hiding requests
+//    | - TableSetColumnWidth()                 - apply resizing width (for mouse resize, often requested by previous frame)
+//    |    - TableUpdateColumnsWeightFromWidth()- recompute columns weights (of stretch columns) from their respective width
+// - TableSetupColumn()                         user submit columns details (optional)
+// - TableSetupScrollFreeze()                   user submit scroll freeze information (optional)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableUpdateLayout() [Internal]             followup to BeginTable(): setup everything: widths, columns positions, clipping rectangles. Automatically called by the FIRST call to TableNextRow() or TableHeadersRow().
+//    | TableSetupDrawChannels()                - setup ImDrawList channels
+//    | TableUpdateBorders()                    - detect hovering columns for resize, ahead of contents submission
+//    | TableDrawContextMenu()                  - draw right-click context menu
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableHeadersRow() or TableHeader()         user submit a headers row (optional)
+//    | TableSortSpecsClickColumn()             - when left-clicked: alter sort order and sort direction
+//    | TableOpenContextMenu()                  - when right-clicked: trigger opening of the default context menu
+// - TableGetSortSpecs()                        user queries updated sort specs (optional, generally after submitting headers)
+// - TableNextRow()                             user begin into a new row (also automatically called by TableHeadersRow())
+//    | TableEndRow()                           - finish existing row
+//    | TableBeginRow()                         - add a new row
+// - TableSetColumnIndex() / TableNextColumn()  user begin into a cell
+//    | TableEndCell()                          - close existing column/cell
+//    | TableBeginCell()                        - enter into current column/cell
+// - [...]                                      user emit contents
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - EndTable()                                 user ends the table
+//    | TableDrawBorders()                      - draw outer borders, inner vertical borders
+//    | TableMergeDrawChannels()                - merge draw channels if clipping isn't required
+//    | EndChild()                              - (if ScrollX/ScrollY is set)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// TABLE SIZING
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// (Read carefully because this is subtle but it does make sense!)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About 'outer_size':
+// Its meaning needs to differ slightly depending on if we are using ScrollX/ScrollY flags.
+// Default value is ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f).
+//   X
+//   - outer_size.x <= 0.0f  ->  Right-align from window/work-rect right-most edge. With -FLT_MIN or 0.0f will align exactly on right-most edge.
+//   - outer_size.x  > 0.0f  ->  Set Fixed width.
+//   Y with ScrollX/ScrollY disabled: we output table directly in current window
+//   - outer_size.y  < 0.0f  ->  Bottom-align (but will auto extend, unless _NoHostExtendY is set). Not meaningful is parent window can vertically scroll.
+//   - outer_size.y  = 0.0f  ->  No minimum height (but will auto extend, unless _NoHostExtendY is set)
+//   - outer_size.y  > 0.0f  ->  Set Minimum height (but will auto extend, unless _NoHostExtenY is set)
+//   Y with ScrollX/ScrollY enabled: using a child window for scrolling
+//   - outer_size.y  < 0.0f  ->  Bottom-align. Not meaningful is parent window can vertically scroll.
+//   - outer_size.y  = 0.0f  ->  Bottom-align, consistent with BeginChild(). Not recommended unless table is last item in parent window.
+//   - outer_size.y  > 0.0f  ->  Set Exact height. Recommended when using Scrolling on any axis.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Outer size is also affected by the NoHostExtendX/NoHostExtendY flags.
+// Important to that note how the two flags have slightly different behaviors!
+//   - ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX -> Make outer width auto-fit to columns (overriding outer_size.x value). Only available when ScrollX/ScrollY are disabled and Stretch columns are not used.
+//   - ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY -> Make outer height stop exactly at outer_size.y (prevent auto-extending table past the limit). Only available when ScrollX/ScrollY is disabled. Data below the limit will be clipped and not visible.
+// In theory ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY could be the default and any non-scrolling tables with outer_size.y != 0.0f would use exact height.
+// This would be consistent but perhaps less useful and more confusing (as vertically clipped items are not easily noticeable)
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About 'inner_width':
+//   With ScrollX disabled:
+//   - inner_width          ->  *ignored*
+//   With ScrollX enabled:
+//   - inner_width  < 0.0f  ->  *illegal* fit in known width (right align from outer_size.x) <-- weird
+//   - inner_width  = 0.0f  ->  fit in outer_width: Fixed size columns will take space they need (if avail, otherwise shrink down), Stretch columns becomes Fixed columns.
+//   - inner_width  > 0.0f  ->  override scrolling width, generally to be larger than outer_size.x. Fixed column take space they need (if avail, otherwise shrink down), Stretch columns share remaining space!
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Details:
+// - If you want to use Stretch columns with ScrollX, you generally need to specify 'inner_width' otherwise the concept
+//   of "available space" doesn't make sense.
+// - Even if not really useful, we allow 'inner_width < outer_size.x' for consistency and to facilitate understanding
+//   of what the value does.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// COLUMNS SIZING POLICIES
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About overriding column sizing policy and width/weight with TableSetupColumn():
+// We use a default parameter of 'init_width_or_weight == -1'.
+//   - with ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed,    init_width  <= 0 (default)  --> width is automatic
+//   - with ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed,    init_width  >  0 (explicit) --> width is custom
+//   - with ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch,  init_weight <= 0 (default)  --> weight is 1.0f
+//   - with ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch,  init_weight >  0 (explicit) --> weight is custom
+// Widths are specified _without_ CellPadding. If you specify a width of 100.0f, the column will be cover (100.0f + Padding * 2.0f)
+// and you can fit a 100.0f wide item in it without clipping and with full padding.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About default sizing policy (if you don't specify a ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthXXXX flag)
+//   - with Table policy ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit      --> default Column policy is ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, default Width is equal to contents width
+//   - with Table policy ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame     --> default Column policy is ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, default Width is max of all contents width
+//   - with Table policy ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame   --> default Column policy is ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch, default Weight is 1.0f
+//   - with Table policy ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchWeight --> default Column policy is ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch, default Weight is proportional to contents
+// Default Width and default Weight can be overridden when calling TableSetupColumn().
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About mixing Fixed/Auto and Stretch columns together:
+//   - the typical use of mixing sizing policies is: any number of LEADING Fixed columns, followed by one or two TRAILING Stretch columns.
+//   - using mixed policies with ScrollX does not make much sense, as using Stretch columns with ScrollX does not make much sense in the first place!
+//     that is, unless 'inner_width' is passed to BeginTable() to explicitly provide a total width to layout columns in.
+//   - when using ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame with mixed columns, only the Fixed/Auto columns will match their widths to the width of the maximum contents.
+//   - when using ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame with mixed columns, only the Stretch columns will match their weight/widths.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About using column width:
+// If a column is manual resizable or has a width specified with TableSetupColumn():
+//   - you may use GetContentRegionAvail().x to query the width available in a given column.
+//   - right-side alignment features such as SetNextItemWidth(-x) or PushItemWidth(-x) will rely on this width.
+// If the column is not resizable and has no width specified with TableSetupColumn():
+//   - its width will be automatic and be set to the max of items submitted.
+//   - therefore you generally cannot have ALL items of the columns use e.g. SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN).
+//   - but if the column has one or more items of known/fixed size, this will become the reference width used by SetNextItemWidth(-FLT_MIN).
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// TABLES CLIPPING/CULLING
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About clipping/culling of Rows in Tables:
+// - For large numbers of rows, it is recommended you use ImGuiListClipper to only submit visible rows.
+//   ImGuiListClipper is reliant on the fact that rows are of equal height.
+//   See 'Demo->Tables->Vertical Scrolling' or 'Demo->Tables->Advanced' for a demo of using the clipper.
+// - Note that auto-resizing columns don't play well with using the clipper.
+//   By default a table with _ScrollX but without _Resizable will have column auto-resize.
+//   So, if you want to use the clipper, make sure to either enable _Resizable, either setup columns width explicitly with _WidthFixed.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About clipping/culling of Columns in Tables:
+// - Both TableSetColumnIndex() and TableNextColumn() return true when the column is visible or performing
+//   width measurements. Otherwise, you may skip submitting the contents of a cell/column, BUT ONLY if you know
+//   it is not going to contribute to row height.
+//   In many situations, you may skip submitting contents for every column but one (e.g. the first one).
+// - Case A: column is not hidden by user, and at least partially in sight (most common case).
+// - Case B: column is clipped / out of sight (because of scrolling or parent ClipRect): TableNextColumn() return false as a hint but we still allow layout output.
+// - Case C: column is hidden explicitly by the user (e.g. via the context menu, or _DefaultHide column flag, etc.).
+//
+//                        [A]         [B]          [C]
+//  TableNextColumn():    true        false        false       -> [userland] when TableNextColumn() / TableSetColumnIndex() return false, user can skip submitting items but only if the column doesn't contribute to row height.
+//          SkipItems:    false       false        true        -> [internal] when SkipItems is true, most widgets will early out if submitted, resulting is no layout output.
+//           ClipRect:    normal      zero-width   zero-width  -> [internal] when ClipRect is zero, ItemAdd() will return false and most widgets will early out mid-way.
+//  ImDrawList output:    normal      dummy        dummy       -> [internal] when using the dummy channel, ImDrawList submissions (if any) will be wasted (because cliprect is zero-width anyway).
+//
+// - We need to distinguish those cases because non-hidden columns that are clipped outside of scrolling bounds should still contribute their height to the row.
+//   However, in the majority of cases, the contribution to row height is the same for all columns, or the tallest cells are known by the programmer.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// About clipping/culling of whole Tables:
+// - Scrolling tables with a known outer size can be clipped earlier as BeginTable() will return false.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Header mess
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#endif
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
+#include "imgui_internal.h"
+
+// System includes
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1500 // MSVC 2008 or earlier
+#include <stddef.h>     // intptr_t
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>     // intptr_t
+#endif
+
+// Visual Studio warnings
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (disable: 4127)     // condition expression is constant
+#pragma warning (disable: 4996)     // 'This function or variable may be unsafe': strcpy, strdup, sprintf, vsnprintf, sscanf, fopen
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1922 // MSVC 2019 16.2 or later
+#pragma warning (disable: 5054)     // operator '|': deprecated between enumerations of different types
+#endif
+#pragma warning (disable: 26451)    // [Static Analyzer] Arithmetic overflow : Using operator 'xxx' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to a 8 byte value. Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator 'xxx' to avoid overflow(io.2).
+#pragma warning (disable: 26812)    // [Static Analyzer] The enum type 'xxx' is unscoped. Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum' (Enum.3).
+#endif
+
+// Clang/GCC warnings with -Weverything
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_warning("-Wunknown-warning-option")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-warning-option"         // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'                      // not all warnings are known by all Clang versions and they tend to be rename-happy.. so ignoring warnings triggers new warnings on some configuration. Great!
+#endif
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-pragmas"                // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"                 // warning: use of old-style cast                            // yes, they are more terse.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"                    // warning: comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe // storing and comparing against same constants (typically 0.0f) is ok.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"              // warning: format string is not a string literal            // passing non-literal to vsnformat(). yes, user passing incorrect format strings can crash the code.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"                // warning: implicit conversion changes signedness
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"  // warning: zero as null pointer constant                    // some standard header variations use #define NULL 0
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"               // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function  // using printf() is a misery with this as C++ va_arg ellipsis changes float to double.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wenum-enum-conversion"           // warning: bitwise operation between different enumeration types ('XXXFlags_' and 'XXXFlagsPrivate_')
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-enum-enum-conversion"// warning: bitwise operation between different enumeration types ('XXXFlags_' and 'XXXFlagsPrivate_') is deprecated
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion"  // warning: implicit conversion from 'xxx' to 'float' may lose precision
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"                          // warning: unknown option after '#pragma GCC diagnostic' kind
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"                // warning: format not a string literal, format string not checked
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wclass-memaccess"                  // [__GNUC__ >= 8] warning: 'memset/memcpy' clearing/writing an object of type 'xxxx' with no trivial copy-assignment; use assignment or value-initialization instead
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Main code
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableFixFlags() [Internal]
+// - TableFindByID() [Internal]
+// - BeginTable()
+// - BeginTableEx() [Internal]
+// - TableBeginInitMemory() [Internal]
+// - TableBeginApplyRequests() [Internal]
+// - TableSetupColumnFlags() [Internal]
+// - TableUpdateLayout() [Internal]
+// - TableUpdateBorders() [Internal]
+// - EndTable()
+// - TableSetupColumn()
+// - TableSetupScrollFreeze()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Configuration
+static const int TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG0 = 0;
+static const int TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG2_FROZEN = 1;
+static const int TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_NOCLIP = 2;                     // When using ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip (this becomes the last visible channel)
+static const float TABLE_BORDER_SIZE                     = 1.0f;    // FIXME-TABLE: Currently hard-coded because of clipping assumptions with outer borders rendering.
+static const float TABLE_RESIZE_SEPARATOR_HALF_THICKNESS = 4.0f;    // Extend outside inner borders.
+static const float TABLE_RESIZE_SEPARATOR_FEEDBACK_TIMER = 0.06f;   // Delay/timer before making the hover feedback (color+cursor) visible because tables/columns tends to be more cramped.
+
+// Helper
+inline ImGuiTableFlags TableFixFlags(ImGuiTableFlags flags, ImGuiWindow* outer_window)
+{
+    // Adjust flags: set default sizing policy
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ((flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) || (outer_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) ? ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit : ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame;
+
+    // Adjust flags: enable NoKeepColumnsVisible when using ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame)
+        flags |= ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible;
+
+    // Adjust flags: enforce borders when resizable
+    if (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable)
+        flags |= ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV;
+
+    // Adjust flags: disable NoHostExtendX/NoHostExtendY if we have any scrolling going on
+    if (flags & (ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY))
+        flags &= ~(ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX | ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY);
+
+    // Adjust flags: NoBordersInBodyUntilResize takes priority over NoBordersInBody
+    if (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize)
+        flags &= ~ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody;
+
+    // Adjust flags: disable saved settings if there's nothing to save
+    if ((flags & (ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable)) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings;
+
+    // Inherit _NoSavedSettings from top-level window (child windows always have _NoSavedSettings set)
+    if (outer_window->RootWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings)
+        flags |= ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings;
+
+    return flags;
+}
+
+ImGuiTable* ImGui::TableFindByID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.Tables.GetByKey(id);
+}
+
+// Read about "TABLE SIZING" at the top of this file.
+bool    ImGui::BeginTable(const char* str_id, int columns_count, ImGuiTableFlags flags, const ImVec2& outer_size, float inner_width)
+{
+    ImGuiID id = GetID(str_id);
+    return BeginTableEx(str_id, id, columns_count, flags, outer_size, inner_width);
+}
+
+bool    ImGui::BeginTableEx(const char* name, ImGuiID id, int columns_count, ImGuiTableFlags flags, const ImVec2& outer_size, float inner_width)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* outer_window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (outer_window->SkipItems) // Consistent with other tables + beneficial side effect that assert on miscalling EndTable() will be more visible.
+        return false;
+
+    // Sanity checks
+    IM_ASSERT(columns_count > 0 && columns_count < IMGUI_TABLE_MAX_COLUMNS);
+    if (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX)
+        IM_ASSERT(inner_width >= 0.0f);
+
+    // If an outer size is specified ahead we will be able to early out when not visible. Exact clipping rules may evolve.
+    const bool use_child_window = (flags & (ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY)) != 0;
+    const ImVec2 avail_size = GetContentRegionAvail();
+    ImVec2 actual_outer_size = CalcItemSize(outer_size, ImMax(avail_size.x, 1.0f), use_child_window ? ImMax(avail_size.y, 1.0f) : 0.0f);
+    ImRect outer_rect(outer_window->DC.CursorPos, outer_window->DC.CursorPos + actual_outer_size);
+    if (use_child_window && IsClippedEx(outer_rect, 0))
+    {
+        ItemSize(outer_rect);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Acquire storage for the table
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.Tables.GetOrAddByKey(id);
+    const ImGuiTableFlags table_last_flags = table->Flags;
+
+    // Acquire temporary buffers
+    const int table_idx = g.Tables.GetIndex(table);
+    if (++g.TablesTempDataStacked > g.TablesTempData.Size)
+        g.TablesTempData.resize(g.TablesTempDataStacked, ImGuiTableTempData());
+    ImGuiTableTempData* temp_data = table->TempData = &g.TablesTempData[g.TablesTempDataStacked - 1];
+    temp_data->TableIndex = table_idx;
+    table->DrawSplitter = &table->TempData->DrawSplitter;
+    table->DrawSplitter->Clear();
+
+    // Fix flags
+    table->IsDefaultSizingPolicy = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) == 0;
+    flags = TableFixFlags(flags, outer_window);
+
+    // Initialize
+    const int instance_no = (table->LastFrameActive != g.FrameCount) ? 0 : table->InstanceCurrent + 1;
+    table->ID = id;
+    table->Flags = flags;
+    table->LastFrameActive = g.FrameCount;
+    table->OuterWindow = table->InnerWindow = outer_window;
+    table->ColumnsCount = columns_count;
+    table->IsLayoutLocked = false;
+    table->InnerWidth = inner_width;
+    temp_data->UserOuterSize = outer_size;
+
+    // Instance data (for instance 0, TableID == TableInstanceID)
+    ImGuiID instance_id;
+    table->InstanceCurrent = (ImS16)instance_no;
+    if (instance_no > 0)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(table->ColumnsCount == columns_count && "BeginTable(): Cannot change columns count mid-frame while preserving same ID");
+        if (table->InstanceDataExtra.Size < instance_no)
+            table->InstanceDataExtra.push_back(ImGuiTableInstanceData());
+        instance_id = GetIDWithSeed(instance_no, GetIDWithSeed("##Instances", NULL, id)); // Push "##Instance" followed by (int)instance_no in ID stack.
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        instance_id = id;
+    }
+    ImGuiTableInstanceData* table_instance = TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent);
+    table_instance->TableInstanceID = instance_id;
+
+    // When not using a child window, WorkRect.Max will grow as we append contents.
+    if (use_child_window)
+    {
+        // Ensure no vertical scrollbar appears if we only want horizontal one, to make flag consistent
+        // (we have no other way to disable vertical scrollbar of a window while keeping the horizontal one showing)
+        ImVec2 override_content_size(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) && !(flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY))
+            override_content_size.y = FLT_MIN;
+
+        // Ensure specified width (when not specified, Stretched columns will act as if the width == OuterWidth and
+        // never lead to any scrolling). We don't handle inner_width < 0.0f, we could potentially use it to right-align
+        // based on the right side of the child window work rect, which would require knowing ahead if we are going to
+        // have decoration taking horizontal spaces (typically a vertical scrollbar).
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) && inner_width > 0.0f)
+            override_content_size.x = inner_width;
+
+        if (override_content_size.x != FLT_MAX || override_content_size.y != FLT_MAX)
+            SetNextWindowContentSize(ImVec2(override_content_size.x != FLT_MAX ? override_content_size.x : 0.0f, override_content_size.y != FLT_MAX ? override_content_size.y : 0.0f));
+
+        // Reset scroll if we are reactivating it
+        if ((table_last_flags & (ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX | ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY)) == 0)
+            SetNextWindowScroll(ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+
+        // Create scrolling region (without border and zero window padding)
+        ImGuiWindowFlags child_flags = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) ? ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar : ImGuiWindowFlags_None;
+        BeginChildEx(name, instance_id, outer_rect.GetSize(), false, child_flags);
+        table->InnerWindow = g.CurrentWindow;
+        table->WorkRect = table->InnerWindow->WorkRect;
+        table->OuterRect = table->InnerWindow->Rect();
+        table->InnerRect = table->InnerWindow->InnerRect;
+        IM_ASSERT(table->InnerWindow->WindowPadding.x == 0.0f && table->InnerWindow->WindowPadding.y == 0.0f && table->InnerWindow->WindowBorderSize == 0.0f);
+
+        // When using multiple instances, ensure they have the same amount of horizontal decorations (aka vertical scrollbar) so stretched columns can be aligned)
+        if (instance_no == 0)
+        {
+            table->HasScrollbarYPrev = table->HasScrollbarYCurr;
+            table->HasScrollbarYCurr = false;
+        }
+        table->HasScrollbarYCurr |= (table->InnerWindow->ScrollMax.y > 0.0f);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // For non-scrolling tables, WorkRect == OuterRect == InnerRect.
+        // But at this point we do NOT have a correct value for .Max.y (unless a height has been explicitly passed in). It will only be updated in EndTable().
+        table->WorkRect = table->OuterRect = table->InnerRect = outer_rect;
+    }
+
+    // Push a standardized ID for both child-using and not-child-using tables
+    PushOverrideID(id);
+    if (instance_no > 0)
+        PushOverrideID(instance_id); // FIXME: Somehow this is not resolved by stack-tool, even tho GetIDWithSeed() submitted the symbol.
+
+    // Backup a copy of host window members we will modify
+    ImGuiWindow* inner_window = table->InnerWindow;
+    table->HostIndentX = inner_window->DC.Indent.x;
+    table->HostClipRect = inner_window->ClipRect;
+    table->HostSkipItems = inner_window->SkipItems;
+    temp_data->HostBackupWorkRect = inner_window->WorkRect;
+    temp_data->HostBackupParentWorkRect = inner_window->ParentWorkRect;
+    temp_data->HostBackupColumnsOffset = outer_window->DC.ColumnsOffset;
+    temp_data->HostBackupPrevLineSize = inner_window->DC.PrevLineSize;
+    temp_data->HostBackupCurrLineSize = inner_window->DC.CurrLineSize;
+    temp_data->HostBackupCursorMaxPos = inner_window->DC.CursorMaxPos;
+    temp_data->HostBackupItemWidth = outer_window->DC.ItemWidth;
+    temp_data->HostBackupItemWidthStackSize = outer_window->DC.ItemWidthStack.Size;
+    inner_window->DC.PrevLineSize = inner_window->DC.CurrLineSize = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    // Padding and Spacing
+    // - None               ........Content..... Pad .....Content........
+    // - PadOuter           | Pad ..Content..... Pad .....Content.. Pad |
+    // - PadInner           ........Content.. Pad | Pad ..Content........
+    // - PadOuter+PadInner  | Pad ..Content.. Pad | Pad ..Content.. Pad |
+    const bool pad_outer_x = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadOuterX) ? false : (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_PadOuterX) ? true : (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV) != 0;
+    const bool pad_inner_x = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoPadInnerX) ? false : true;
+    const float inner_spacing_for_border = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV) ? TABLE_BORDER_SIZE : 0.0f;
+    const float inner_spacing_explicit = (pad_inner_x && (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV) == 0) ? g.Style.CellPadding.x : 0.0f;
+    const float inner_padding_explicit = (pad_inner_x && (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV) != 0) ? g.Style.CellPadding.x : 0.0f;
+    table->CellSpacingX1 = inner_spacing_explicit + inner_spacing_for_border;
+    table->CellSpacingX2 = inner_spacing_explicit;
+    table->CellPaddingX = inner_padding_explicit;
+    table->CellPaddingY = g.Style.CellPadding.y;
+
+    const float outer_padding_for_border = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV) ? TABLE_BORDER_SIZE : 0.0f;
+    const float outer_padding_explicit = pad_outer_x ? g.Style.CellPadding.x : 0.0f;
+    table->OuterPaddingX = (outer_padding_for_border + outer_padding_explicit) - table->CellPaddingX;
+
+    table->CurrentColumn = -1;
+    table->CurrentRow = -1;
+    table->RowBgColorCounter = 0;
+    table->LastRowFlags = ImGuiTableRowFlags_None;
+    table->InnerClipRect = (inner_window == outer_window) ? table->WorkRect : inner_window->ClipRect;
+    table->InnerClipRect.ClipWith(table->WorkRect);     // We need this to honor inner_width
+    table->InnerClipRect.ClipWithFull(table->HostClipRect);
+    table->InnerClipRect.Max.y = (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY) ? ImMin(table->InnerClipRect.Max.y, inner_window->WorkRect.Max.y) : inner_window->ClipRect.Max.y;
+
+    table->RowPosY1 = table->RowPosY2 = table->WorkRect.Min.y; // This is needed somehow
+    table->RowTextBaseline = 0.0f; // This will be cleared again by TableBeginRow()
+    table->FreezeRowsRequest = table->FreezeRowsCount = 0; // This will be setup by TableSetupScrollFreeze(), if any
+    table->FreezeColumnsRequest = table->FreezeColumnsCount = 0;
+    table->IsUnfrozenRows = true;
+    table->DeclColumnsCount = 0;
+
+    // Using opaque colors facilitate overlapping elements of the grid
+    table->BorderColorStrong = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong);
+    table->BorderColorLight = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight);
+
+    // Make table current
+    g.CurrentTable = table;
+    outer_window->DC.CurrentTableIdx = table_idx;
+    if (inner_window != outer_window) // So EndChild() within the inner window can restore the table properly.
+        inner_window->DC.CurrentTableIdx = table_idx;
+
+    if ((table_last_flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable) && (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable) == 0)
+        table->IsResetDisplayOrderRequest = true;
+
+    // Mark as used
+    if (table_idx >= g.TablesLastTimeActive.Size)
+        g.TablesLastTimeActive.resize(table_idx + 1, -1.0f);
+    g.TablesLastTimeActive[table_idx] = (float)g.Time;
+    temp_data->LastTimeActive = (float)g.Time;
+    table->MemoryCompacted = false;
+
+    // Setup memory buffer (clear data if columns count changed)
+    ImGuiTableColumn* old_columns_to_preserve = NULL;
+    void* old_columns_raw_data = NULL;
+    const int old_columns_count = table->Columns.size();
+    if (old_columns_count != 0 && old_columns_count != columns_count)
+    {
+        // Attempt to preserve width on column count change (#4046)
+        old_columns_to_preserve = table->Columns.Data;
+        old_columns_raw_data = table->RawData;
+        table->RawData = NULL;
+    }
+    if (table->RawData == NULL)
+    {
+        TableBeginInitMemory(table, columns_count);
+        table->IsInitializing = table->IsSettingsRequestLoad = true;
+    }
+    if (table->IsResetAllRequest)
+        TableResetSettings(table);
+    if (table->IsInitializing)
+    {
+        // Initialize
+        table->SettingsOffset = -1;
+        table->IsSortSpecsDirty = true;
+        table->InstanceInteracted = -1;
+        table->ContextPopupColumn = -1;
+        table->ReorderColumn = table->ResizedColumn = table->LastResizedColumn = -1;
+        table->AutoFitSingleColumn = -1;
+        table->HoveredColumnBody = table->HoveredColumnBorder = -1;
+        for (int n = 0; n < columns_count; n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[n];
+            if (old_columns_to_preserve && n < old_columns_count)
+            {
+                // FIXME: We don't attempt to preserve column order in this path.
+                *column = old_columns_to_preserve[n];
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                float width_auto = column->WidthAuto;
+                *column = ImGuiTableColumn();
+                column->WidthAuto = width_auto;
+                column->IsPreserveWidthAuto = true; // Preserve WidthAuto when reinitializing a live table: not technically necessary but remove a visible flicker
+                column->IsEnabled = column->IsUserEnabled = column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame = true;
+            }
+            column->DisplayOrder = table->DisplayOrderToIndex[n] = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)n;
+        }
+    }
+    if (old_columns_raw_data)
+        IM_FREE(old_columns_raw_data);
+
+    // Load settings
+    if (table->IsSettingsRequestLoad)
+        TableLoadSettings(table);
+
+    // Handle DPI/font resize
+    // This is designed to facilitate DPI changes with the assumption that e.g. style.CellPadding has been scaled as well.
+    // It will also react to changing fonts with mixed results. It doesn't need to be perfect but merely provide a decent transition.
+    // FIXME-DPI: Provide consistent standards for reference size. Perhaps using g.CurrentDpiScale would be more self explanatory.
+    // This is will lead us to non-rounded WidthRequest in columns, which should work but is a poorly tested path.
+    const float new_ref_scale_unit = g.FontSize; // g.Font->GetCharAdvance('A') ?
+    if (table->RefScale != 0.0f && table->RefScale != new_ref_scale_unit)
+    {
+        const float scale_factor = new_ref_scale_unit / table->RefScale;
+        //IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINT("[table] %08X RefScaleUnit %.3f -> %.3f, scaling width by %.3f\n", table->ID, table->RefScaleUnit, new_ref_scale_unit, scale_factor);
+        for (int n = 0; n < columns_count; n++)
+            table->Columns[n].WidthRequest = table->Columns[n].WidthRequest * scale_factor;
+    }
+    table->RefScale = new_ref_scale_unit;
+
+    // Disable output until user calls TableNextRow() or TableNextColumn() leading to the TableUpdateLayout() call..
+    // This is not strictly necessary but will reduce cases were "out of table" output will be misleading to the user.
+    // Because we cannot safely assert in EndTable() when no rows have been created, this seems like our best option.
+    inner_window->SkipItems = true;
+
+    // Clear names
+    // At this point the ->NameOffset field of each column will be invalid until TableUpdateLayout() or the first call to TableSetupColumn()
+    if (table->ColumnsNames.Buf.Size > 0)
+        table->ColumnsNames.Buf.resize(0);
+
+    // Apply queued resizing/reordering/hiding requests
+    TableBeginApplyRequests(table);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// For reference, the average total _allocation count_ for a table is:
+// + 0 (for ImGuiTable instance, we are pooling allocations in g.Tables)
+// + 1 (for table->RawData allocated below)
+// + 1 (for table->ColumnsNames, if names are used)
+// Shared allocations per number of nested tables
+// + 1 (for table->Splitter._Channels)
+// + 2 * active_channels_count (for ImDrawCmd and ImDrawIdx buffers inside channels)
+// Where active_channels_count is variable but often == columns_count or columns_count + 1, see TableSetupDrawChannels() for details.
+// Unused channels don't perform their +2 allocations.
+void ImGui::TableBeginInitMemory(ImGuiTable* table, int columns_count)
+{
+    // Allocate single buffer for our arrays
+    const int columns_bit_array_size = (int)ImBitArrayGetStorageSizeInBytes(columns_count);
+    ImSpanAllocator<6> span_allocator;
+    span_allocator.Reserve(0, columns_count * sizeof(ImGuiTableColumn));
+    span_allocator.Reserve(1, columns_count * sizeof(ImGuiTableColumnIdx));
+    span_allocator.Reserve(2, columns_count * sizeof(ImGuiTableCellData), 4);
+    for (int n = 3; n < 6; n++)
+        span_allocator.Reserve(n, columns_bit_array_size);
+    table->RawData = IM_ALLOC(span_allocator.GetArenaSizeInBytes());
+    memset(table->RawData, 0, span_allocator.GetArenaSizeInBytes());
+    span_allocator.SetArenaBasePtr(table->RawData);
+    span_allocator.GetSpan(0, &table->Columns);
+    span_allocator.GetSpan(1, &table->DisplayOrderToIndex);
+    span_allocator.GetSpan(2, &table->RowCellData);
+    table->EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder = (ImU32*)span_allocator.GetSpanPtrBegin(3);
+    table->EnabledMaskByIndex = (ImU32*)span_allocator.GetSpanPtrBegin(4);
+    table->VisibleMaskByIndex = (ImU32*)span_allocator.GetSpanPtrBegin(5);
+}
+
+// Apply queued resizing/reordering/hiding requests
+void ImGui::TableBeginApplyRequests(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    // Handle resizing request
+    // (We process this at the first TableBegin of the frame)
+    // FIXME-TABLE: Contains columns if our work area doesn't allow for scrolling?
+    if (table->InstanceCurrent == 0)
+    {
+        if (table->ResizedColumn != -1 && table->ResizedColumnNextWidth != FLT_MAX)
+            TableSetColumnWidth(table->ResizedColumn, table->ResizedColumnNextWidth);
+        table->LastResizedColumn = table->ResizedColumn;
+        table->ResizedColumnNextWidth = FLT_MAX;
+        table->ResizedColumn = -1;
+
+        // Process auto-fit for single column, which is a special case for stretch columns and fixed columns with FixedSame policy.
+        // FIXME-TABLE: Would be nice to redistribute available stretch space accordingly to other weights, instead of giving it all to siblings.
+        if (table->AutoFitSingleColumn != -1)
+        {
+            TableSetColumnWidth(table->AutoFitSingleColumn, table->Columns[table->AutoFitSingleColumn].WidthAuto);
+            table->AutoFitSingleColumn = -1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Handle reordering request
+    // Note: we don't clear ReorderColumn after handling the request.
+    if (table->InstanceCurrent == 0)
+    {
+        if (table->HeldHeaderColumn == -1 && table->ReorderColumn != -1)
+            table->ReorderColumn = -1;
+        table->HeldHeaderColumn = -1;
+        if (table->ReorderColumn != -1 && table->ReorderColumnDir != 0)
+        {
+            // We need to handle reordering across hidden columns.
+            // In the configuration below, moving C to the right of E will lead to:
+            //    ... C [D] E  --->  ... [D] E  C   (Column name/index)
+            //    ... 2  3  4        ...  2  3  4   (Display order)
+            const int reorder_dir = table->ReorderColumnDir;
+            IM_ASSERT(reorder_dir == -1 || reorder_dir == +1);
+            IM_ASSERT(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable);
+            ImGuiTableColumn* src_column = &table->Columns[table->ReorderColumn];
+            ImGuiTableColumn* dst_column = &table->Columns[(reorder_dir == -1) ? src_column->PrevEnabledColumn : src_column->NextEnabledColumn];
+            IM_UNUSED(dst_column);
+            const int src_order = src_column->DisplayOrder;
+            const int dst_order = dst_column->DisplayOrder;
+            src_column->DisplayOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)dst_order;
+            for (int order_n = src_order + reorder_dir; order_n != dst_order + reorder_dir; order_n += reorder_dir)
+                table->Columns[table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n]].DisplayOrder -= (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)reorder_dir;
+            IM_ASSERT(dst_column->DisplayOrder == dst_order - reorder_dir);
+
+            // Display order is stored in both columns->IndexDisplayOrder and table->DisplayOrder[],
+            // rebuild the later from the former.
+            for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+                table->DisplayOrderToIndex[table->Columns[column_n].DisplayOrder] = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+            table->ReorderColumnDir = 0;
+            table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Handle display order reset request
+    if (table->IsResetDisplayOrderRequest)
+    {
+        for (int n = 0; n < table->ColumnsCount; n++)
+            table->DisplayOrderToIndex[n] = table->Columns[n].DisplayOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)n;
+        table->IsResetDisplayOrderRequest = false;
+        table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// Adjust flags: default width mode + stretch columns are not allowed when auto extending
+static void TableSetupColumnFlags(ImGuiTable* table, ImGuiTableColumn* column, ImGuiTableColumnFlags flags_in)
+{
+    ImGuiTableColumnFlags flags = flags_in;
+
+    // Sizing Policy
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthMask_) == 0)
+    {
+        const ImGuiTableFlags table_sizing_policy = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_);
+        if (table_sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit || table_sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame)
+            flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed;
+        else
+            flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthMask_)); // Check that only 1 of each set is used.
+    }
+
+    // Resize
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize;
+
+    // Sorting
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortAscending) && (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortDescending))
+        flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort;
+
+    // Indentation
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= (table->Columns.index_from_ptr(column) == 0) ? ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentEnable : ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentDisable;
+
+    // Alignment
+    //if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_AlignMask_) == 0)
+    //    flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_AlignCenter;
+    //IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_AlignMask_)); // Check that only 1 of each set is used.
+
+    // Preserve status flags
+    column->Flags = flags | (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_StatusMask_);
+
+    // Build an ordered list of available sort directions
+    column->SortDirectionsAvailCount = column->SortDirectionsAvailMask = column->SortDirectionsAvailList = 0;
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable)
+    {
+        int count = 0, mask = 0, list = 0;
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortAscending)  != 0 && (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortAscending)  == 0) { mask |= 1 << ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending;  list |= ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending  << (count << 1); count++; }
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending) != 0 && (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortDescending) == 0) { mask |= 1 << ImGuiSortDirection_Descending; list |= ImGuiSortDirection_Descending << (count << 1); count++; }
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortAscending)  == 0 && (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortAscending)  == 0) { mask |= 1 << ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending;  list |= ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending  << (count << 1); count++; }
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending) == 0 && (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortDescending) == 0) { mask |= 1 << ImGuiSortDirection_Descending; list |= ImGuiSortDirection_Descending << (count << 1); count++; }
+        if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate) || count == 0) { mask |= 1 << ImGuiSortDirection_None; count++; }
+        column->SortDirectionsAvailList = (ImU8)list;
+        column->SortDirectionsAvailMask = (ImU8)mask;
+        column->SortDirectionsAvailCount = (ImU8)count;
+        ImGui::TableFixColumnSortDirection(table, column);
+    }
+}
+
+// Layout columns for the frame. This is in essence the followup to BeginTable().
+// Runs on the first call to TableNextRow(), to give a chance for TableSetupColumn() to be called first.
+// FIXME-TABLE: Our width (and therefore our WorkRect) will be minimal in the first frame for _WidthAuto columns.
+// Increase feedback side-effect with widgets relying on WorkRect.Max.x... Maybe provide a default distribution for _WidthAuto columns?
+void ImGui::TableUpdateLayout(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(table->IsLayoutLocked == false);
+
+    const ImGuiTableFlags table_sizing_policy = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_);
+    table->IsDefaultDisplayOrder = true;
+    table->ColumnsEnabledCount = 0;
+    ImBitArrayClearAllBits(table->EnabledMaskByIndex, table->ColumnsCount);
+    ImBitArrayClearAllBits(table->EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder, table->ColumnsCount);
+    table->LeftMostEnabledColumn = -1;
+    table->MinColumnWidth = ImMax(1.0f, g.Style.FramePadding.x * 1.0f); // g.Style.ColumnsMinSpacing; // FIXME-TABLE
+
+    // [Part 1] Apply/lock Enabled and Order states. Calculate auto/ideal width for columns. Count fixed/stretch columns.
+    // Process columns in their visible orders as we are building the Prev/Next indices.
+    int count_fixed = 0;                // Number of columns that have fixed sizing policies
+    int count_stretch = 0;              // Number of columns that have stretch sizing policies
+    int prev_visible_column_idx = -1;
+    bool has_auto_fit_request = false;
+    bool has_resizable = false;
+    float stretch_sum_width_auto = 0.0f;
+    float fixed_max_width_auto = 0.0f;
+    for (int order_n = 0; order_n < table->ColumnsCount; order_n++)
+    {
+        const int column_n = table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n];
+        if (column_n != order_n)
+            table->IsDefaultDisplayOrder = false;
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+
+        // Clear column setup if not submitted by user. Currently we make it mandatory to call TableSetupColumn() every frame.
+        // It would easily work without but we're not ready to guarantee it since e.g. names need resubmission anyway.
+        // We take a slight shortcut but in theory we could be calling TableSetupColumn() here with dummy values, it should yield the same effect.
+        if (table->DeclColumnsCount <= column_n)
+        {
+            TableSetupColumnFlags(table, column, ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None);
+            column->NameOffset = -1;
+            column->UserID = 0;
+            column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth = -1.0f;
+        }
+
+        // Update Enabled state, mark settings and sort specs dirty
+        if (!(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable) || (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHide))
+            column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame = true;
+        if (column->IsUserEnabled != column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame)
+        {
+            column->IsUserEnabled = column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame;
+            table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+        }
+        column->IsEnabled = column->IsUserEnabled && (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_Disabled) == 0;
+
+        if (column->SortOrder != -1 && !column->IsEnabled)
+            table->IsSortSpecsDirty = true;
+        if (column->SortOrder > 0 && !(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti))
+            table->IsSortSpecsDirty = true;
+
+        // Auto-fit unsized columns
+        const bool start_auto_fit = (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed) ? (column->WidthRequest < 0.0f) : (column->StretchWeight < 0.0f);
+        if (start_auto_fit)
+            column->AutoFitQueue = column->CannotSkipItemsQueue = (1 << 3) - 1; // Fit for three frames
+
+        if (!column->IsEnabled)
+        {
+            column->IndexWithinEnabledSet = -1;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Mark as enabled and link to previous/next enabled column
+        column->PrevEnabledColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)prev_visible_column_idx;
+        column->NextEnabledColumn = -1;
+        if (prev_visible_column_idx != -1)
+            table->Columns[prev_visible_column_idx].NextEnabledColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        else
+            table->LeftMostEnabledColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        column->IndexWithinEnabledSet = table->ColumnsEnabledCount++;
+        ImBitArraySetBit(table->EnabledMaskByIndex, column_n);
+        ImBitArraySetBit(table->EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder, column->DisplayOrder);
+        prev_visible_column_idx = column_n;
+        IM_ASSERT(column->IndexWithinEnabledSet <= column->DisplayOrder);
+
+        // Calculate ideal/auto column width (that's the width required for all contents to be visible without clipping)
+        // Combine width from regular rows + width from headers unless requested not to.
+        if (!column->IsPreserveWidthAuto)
+            column->WidthAuto = TableGetColumnWidthAuto(table, column);
+
+        // Non-resizable columns keep their requested width (apply user value regardless of IsPreserveWidthAuto)
+        const bool column_is_resizable = (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize) == 0;
+        if (column_is_resizable)
+            has_resizable = true;
+        if ((column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed) && column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth > 0.0f && !column_is_resizable)
+            column->WidthAuto = column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth;
+
+        if (column->AutoFitQueue != 0x00)
+            has_auto_fit_request = true;
+        if (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch)
+        {
+            stretch_sum_width_auto += column->WidthAuto;
+            count_stretch++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            fixed_max_width_auto = ImMax(fixed_max_width_auto, column->WidthAuto);
+            count_fixed++;
+        }
+    }
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable) && table->SortSpecsCount == 0 && !(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate))
+        table->IsSortSpecsDirty = true;
+    table->RightMostEnabledColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)prev_visible_column_idx;
+    IM_ASSERT(table->LeftMostEnabledColumn >= 0 && table->RightMostEnabledColumn >= 0);
+
+    // [Part 2] Disable child window clipping while fitting columns. This is not strictly necessary but makes it possible
+    // to avoid the column fitting having to wait until the first visible frame of the child container (may or not be a good thing).
+    // FIXME-TABLE: for always auto-resizing columns may not want to do that all the time.
+    if (has_auto_fit_request && table->OuterWindow != table->InnerWindow)
+        table->InnerWindow->SkipItems = false;
+    if (has_auto_fit_request)
+        table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+
+    // [Part 3] Fix column flags and record a few extra information.
+    float sum_width_requests = 0.0f;        // Sum of all width for fixed and auto-resize columns, excluding width contributed by Stretch columns but including spacing/padding.
+    float stretch_sum_weights = 0.0f;       // Sum of all weights for stretch columns.
+    table->LeftMostStretchedColumn = table->RightMostStretchedColumn = -1;
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->EnabledMaskByIndex, column_n))
+            continue;
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+
+        const bool column_is_resizable = (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize) == 0;
+        if (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed)
+        {
+            // Apply same widths policy
+            float width_auto = column->WidthAuto;
+            if (table_sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame && (column->AutoFitQueue != 0x00 || !column_is_resizable))
+                width_auto = fixed_max_width_auto;
+
+            // Apply automatic width
+            // Latch initial size for fixed columns and update it constantly for auto-resizing column (unless clipped!)
+            if (column->AutoFitQueue != 0x00)
+                column->WidthRequest = width_auto;
+            else if ((column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed) && !column_is_resizable && column->IsRequestOutput)
+                column->WidthRequest = width_auto;
+
+            // FIXME-TABLE: Increase minimum size during init frame to avoid biasing auto-fitting widgets
+            // (e.g. TextWrapped) too much. Otherwise what tends to happen is that TextWrapped would output a very
+            // large height (= first frame scrollbar display very off + clipper would skip lots of items).
+            // This is merely making the side-effect less extreme, but doesn't properly fixes it.
+            // FIXME: Move this to ->WidthGiven to avoid temporary lossyless?
+            // FIXME: This break IsPreserveWidthAuto from not flickering if the stored WidthAuto was smaller.
+            if (column->AutoFitQueue > 0x01 && table->IsInitializing && !column->IsPreserveWidthAuto)
+                column->WidthRequest = ImMax(column->WidthRequest, table->MinColumnWidth * 4.0f); // FIXME-TABLE: Another constant/scale?
+            sum_width_requests += column->WidthRequest;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // Initialize stretch weight
+            if (column->AutoFitQueue != 0x00 || column->StretchWeight < 0.0f || !column_is_resizable)
+            {
+                if (column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth > 0.0f)
+                    column->StretchWeight = column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth;
+                else if (table_sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp)
+                    column->StretchWeight = (column->WidthAuto / stretch_sum_width_auto) * count_stretch;
+                else
+                    column->StretchWeight = 1.0f;
+            }
+
+            stretch_sum_weights += column->StretchWeight;
+            if (table->LeftMostStretchedColumn == -1 || table->Columns[table->LeftMostStretchedColumn].DisplayOrder > column->DisplayOrder)
+                table->LeftMostStretchedColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+            if (table->RightMostStretchedColumn == -1 || table->Columns[table->RightMostStretchedColumn].DisplayOrder < column->DisplayOrder)
+                table->RightMostStretchedColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        }
+        column->IsPreserveWidthAuto = false;
+        sum_width_requests += table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f;
+    }
+    table->ColumnsEnabledFixedCount = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)count_fixed;
+    table->ColumnsStretchSumWeights = stretch_sum_weights;
+
+    // [Part 4] Apply final widths based on requested widths
+    const ImRect work_rect = table->WorkRect;
+    const float width_spacings = (table->OuterPaddingX * 2.0f) + (table->CellSpacingX1 + table->CellSpacingX2) * (table->ColumnsEnabledCount - 1);
+    const float width_removed = (table->HasScrollbarYPrev && !table->InnerWindow->ScrollbarY) ? g.Style.ScrollbarSize : 0.0f; // To synchronize decoration width of synched tables with mismatching scrollbar state (#5920)
+    const float width_avail = ImMax(1.0f, (((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) && table->InnerWidth == 0.0f) ? table->InnerClipRect.GetWidth() : work_rect.GetWidth()) - width_removed);
+    const float width_avail_for_stretched_columns = width_avail - width_spacings - sum_width_requests;
+    float width_remaining_for_stretched_columns = width_avail_for_stretched_columns;
+    table->ColumnsGivenWidth = width_spacings + (table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f) * table->ColumnsEnabledCount;
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->EnabledMaskByIndex, column_n))
+            continue;
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+
+        // Allocate width for stretched/weighted columns (StretchWeight gets converted into WidthRequest)
+        if (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch)
+        {
+            float weight_ratio = column->StretchWeight / stretch_sum_weights;
+            column->WidthRequest = IM_FLOOR(ImMax(width_avail_for_stretched_columns * weight_ratio, table->MinColumnWidth) + 0.01f);
+            width_remaining_for_stretched_columns -= column->WidthRequest;
+        }
+
+        // [Resize Rule 1] The right-most Visible column is not resizable if there is at least one Stretch column
+        // See additional comments in TableSetColumnWidth().
+        if (column->NextEnabledColumn == -1 && table->LeftMostStretchedColumn != -1)
+            column->Flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoDirectResize_;
+
+        // Assign final width, record width in case we will need to shrink
+        column->WidthGiven = ImFloor(ImMax(column->WidthRequest, table->MinColumnWidth));
+        table->ColumnsGivenWidth += column->WidthGiven;
+    }
+
+    // [Part 5] Redistribute stretch remainder width due to rounding (remainder width is < 1.0f * number of Stretch column).
+    // Using right-to-left distribution (more likely to match resizing cursor).
+    if (width_remaining_for_stretched_columns >= 1.0f && !(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_PreciseWidths))
+        for (int order_n = table->ColumnsCount - 1; stretch_sum_weights > 0.0f && width_remaining_for_stretched_columns >= 1.0f && order_n >= 0; order_n--)
+        {
+            if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder, order_n))
+                continue;
+            ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n]];
+            if (!(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch))
+                continue;
+            column->WidthRequest += 1.0f;
+            column->WidthGiven += 1.0f;
+            width_remaining_for_stretched_columns -= 1.0f;
+        }
+
+    // Determine if table is hovered which will be used to flag columns as hovered.
+    // - In principle we'd like to use the equivalent of IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem),
+    //   but because our item is partially submitted at this point we use ItemHoverable() and a workaround (temporarily
+    //   clear ActiveId, which is equivalent to the change provided by _AllowWhenBLockedByActiveItem).
+    // - This allows columns to be marked as hovered when e.g. clicking a button inside the column, or using drag and drop.
+    ImGuiTableInstanceData* table_instance = TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent);
+    table->HoveredColumnBody = -1;
+    table->HoveredColumnBorder = -1;
+    const ImRect mouse_hit_rect(table->OuterRect.Min.x, table->OuterRect.Min.y, table->OuterRect.Max.x, ImMax(table->OuterRect.Max.y, table->OuterRect.Min.y + table_instance->LastOuterHeight));
+    const ImGuiID backup_active_id = g.ActiveId;
+    g.ActiveId = 0;
+    const bool is_hovering_table = ItemHoverable(mouse_hit_rect, 0);
+    g.ActiveId = backup_active_id;
+
+    // [Part 6] Setup final position, offset, skip/clip states and clipping rectangles, detect hovered column
+    // Process columns in their visible orders as we are comparing the visible order and adjusting host_clip_rect while looping.
+    int visible_n = 0;
+    bool offset_x_frozen = (table->FreezeColumnsCount > 0);
+    float offset_x = ((table->FreezeColumnsCount > 0) ? table->OuterRect.Min.x : work_rect.Min.x) + table->OuterPaddingX - table->CellSpacingX1;
+    ImRect host_clip_rect = table->InnerClipRect;
+    //host_clip_rect.Max.x += table->CellPaddingX + table->CellSpacingX2;
+    ImBitArrayClearAllBits(table->VisibleMaskByIndex, table->ColumnsCount);
+    for (int order_n = 0; order_n < table->ColumnsCount; order_n++)
+    {
+        const int column_n = table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n];
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+
+        column->NavLayerCurrent = (ImS8)(table->FreezeRowsCount > 0 ? ImGuiNavLayer_Menu : ImGuiNavLayer_Main); // Use Count NOT request so Header line changes layer when frozen
+
+        if (offset_x_frozen && table->FreezeColumnsCount == visible_n)
+        {
+            offset_x += work_rect.Min.x - table->OuterRect.Min.x;
+            offset_x_frozen = false;
+        }
+
+        // Clear status flags
+        column->Flags &= ~ImGuiTableColumnFlags_StatusMask_;
+
+        if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder, order_n))
+        {
+            // Hidden column: clear a few fields and we are done with it for the remainder of the function.
+            // We set a zero-width clip rect but set Min.y/Max.y properly to not interfere with the clipper.
+            column->MinX = column->MaxX = column->WorkMinX = column->ClipRect.Min.x = column->ClipRect.Max.x = offset_x;
+            column->WidthGiven = 0.0f;
+            column->ClipRect.Min.y = work_rect.Min.y;
+            column->ClipRect.Max.y = FLT_MAX;
+            column->ClipRect.ClipWithFull(host_clip_rect);
+            column->IsVisibleX = column->IsVisibleY = column->IsRequestOutput = false;
+            column->IsSkipItems = true;
+            column->ItemWidth = 1.0f;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // Detect hovered column
+        if (is_hovering_table && g.IO.MousePos.x >= column->ClipRect.Min.x && g.IO.MousePos.x < column->ClipRect.Max.x)
+            table->HoveredColumnBody = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+
+        // Lock start position
+        column->MinX = offset_x;
+
+        // Lock width based on start position and minimum/maximum width for this position
+        float max_width = TableGetMaxColumnWidth(table, column_n);
+        column->WidthGiven = ImMin(column->WidthGiven, max_width);
+        column->WidthGiven = ImMax(column->WidthGiven, ImMin(column->WidthRequest, table->MinColumnWidth));
+        column->MaxX = offset_x + column->WidthGiven + table->CellSpacingX1 + table->CellSpacingX2 + table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f;
+
+        // Lock other positions
+        // - ClipRect.Min.x: Because merging draw commands doesn't compare min boundaries, we make ClipRect.Min.x match left bounds to be consistent regardless of merging.
+        // - ClipRect.Max.x: using WorkMaxX instead of MaxX (aka including padding) makes things more consistent when resizing down, tho slightly detrimental to visibility in very-small column.
+        // - ClipRect.Max.x: using MaxX makes it easier for header to receive hover highlight with no discontinuity and display sorting arrow.
+        // - FIXME-TABLE: We want equal width columns to have equal (ClipRect.Max.x - WorkMinX) width, which means ClipRect.max.x cannot stray off host_clip_rect.Max.x else right-most column may appear shorter.
+        column->WorkMinX = column->MinX + table->CellPaddingX + table->CellSpacingX1;
+        column->WorkMaxX = column->MaxX - table->CellPaddingX - table->CellSpacingX2; // Expected max
+        column->ItemWidth = ImFloor(column->WidthGiven * 0.65f);
+        column->ClipRect.Min.x = column->MinX;
+        column->ClipRect.Min.y = work_rect.Min.y;
+        column->ClipRect.Max.x = column->MaxX; //column->WorkMaxX;
+        column->ClipRect.Max.y = FLT_MAX;
+        column->ClipRect.ClipWithFull(host_clip_rect);
+
+        // Mark column as Clipped (not in sight)
+        // Note that scrolling tables (where inner_window != outer_window) handle Y clipped earlier in BeginTable() so IsVisibleY really only applies to non-scrolling tables.
+        // FIXME-TABLE: Because InnerClipRect.Max.y is conservatively ==outer_window->ClipRect.Max.y, we never can mark columns _Above_ the scroll line as not IsVisibleY.
+        // Taking advantage of LastOuterHeight would yield good results there...
+        // FIXME-TABLE: Y clipping is disabled because it effectively means not submitting will reduce contents width which is fed to outer_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x,
+        // and this may be used (e.g. typically by outer_window using AlwaysAutoResize or outer_window's horizontal scrollbar, but could be something else).
+        // Possible solution to preserve last known content width for clipped column. Test 'table_reported_size' fails when enabling Y clipping and window is resized small.
+        column->IsVisibleX = (column->ClipRect.Max.x > column->ClipRect.Min.x);
+        column->IsVisibleY = true; // (column->ClipRect.Max.y > column->ClipRect.Min.y);
+        const bool is_visible = column->IsVisibleX; //&& column->IsVisibleY;
+        if (is_visible)
+            ImBitArraySetBit(table->VisibleMaskByIndex, column_n);
+
+        // Mark column as requesting output from user. Note that fixed + non-resizable sets are auto-fitting at all times and therefore always request output.
+        column->IsRequestOutput = is_visible || column->AutoFitQueue != 0 || column->CannotSkipItemsQueue != 0;
+
+        // Mark column as SkipItems (ignoring all items/layout)
+        column->IsSkipItems = !column->IsEnabled || table->HostSkipItems;
+        if (column->IsSkipItems)
+            IM_ASSERT(!is_visible);
+
+        // Update status flags
+        column->Flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsEnabled;
+        if (is_visible)
+            column->Flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsVisible;
+        if (column->SortOrder != -1)
+            column->Flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsSorted;
+        if (table->HoveredColumnBody == column_n)
+            column->Flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered;
+
+        // Alignment
+        // FIXME-TABLE: This align based on the whole column width, not per-cell, and therefore isn't useful in
+        // many cases (to be able to honor this we might be able to store a log of cells width, per row, for
+        // visible rows, but nav/programmatic scroll would have visible artifacts.)
+        //if (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_AlignRight)
+        //    column->WorkMinX = ImMax(column->WorkMinX, column->MaxX - column->ContentWidthRowsUnfrozen);
+        //else if (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_AlignCenter)
+        //    column->WorkMinX = ImLerp(column->WorkMinX, ImMax(column->StartX, column->MaxX - column->ContentWidthRowsUnfrozen), 0.5f);
+
+        // Reset content width variables
+        column->ContentMaxXFrozen = column->ContentMaxXUnfrozen = column->WorkMinX;
+        column->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed = column->ContentMaxXHeadersIdeal = column->WorkMinX;
+
+        // Don't decrement auto-fit counters until container window got a chance to submit its items
+        if (table->HostSkipItems == false)
+        {
+            column->AutoFitQueue >>= 1;
+            column->CannotSkipItemsQueue >>= 1;
+        }
+
+        if (visible_n < table->FreezeColumnsCount)
+            host_clip_rect.Min.x = ImClamp(column->MaxX + TABLE_BORDER_SIZE, host_clip_rect.Min.x, host_clip_rect.Max.x);
+
+        offset_x += column->WidthGiven + table->CellSpacingX1 + table->CellSpacingX2 + table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f;
+        visible_n++;
+    }
+
+    // [Part 7] Detect/store when we are hovering the unused space after the right-most column (so e.g. context menus can react on it)
+    // Clear Resizable flag if none of our column are actually resizable (either via an explicit _NoResize flag, either
+    // because of using _WidthAuto/_WidthStretch). This will hide the resizing option from the context menu.
+    const float unused_x1 = ImMax(table->WorkRect.Min.x, table->Columns[table->RightMostEnabledColumn].ClipRect.Max.x);
+    if (is_hovering_table && table->HoveredColumnBody == -1)
+    {
+        if (g.IO.MousePos.x >= unused_x1)
+            table->HoveredColumnBody = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)table->ColumnsCount;
+    }
+    if (has_resizable == false && (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable))
+        table->Flags &= ~ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable;
+
+    // [Part 8] Lock actual OuterRect/WorkRect right-most position.
+    // This is done late to handle the case of fixed-columns tables not claiming more widths that they need.
+    // Because of this we are careful with uses of WorkRect and InnerClipRect before this point.
+    if (table->RightMostStretchedColumn != -1)
+        table->Flags &= ~ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX;
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX)
+    {
+        table->OuterRect.Max.x = table->WorkRect.Max.x = unused_x1;
+        table->InnerClipRect.Max.x = ImMin(table->InnerClipRect.Max.x, unused_x1);
+    }
+    table->InnerWindow->ParentWorkRect = table->WorkRect;
+    table->BorderX1 = table->InnerClipRect.Min.x;// +((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter) ? 0.0f : -1.0f);
+    table->BorderX2 = table->InnerClipRect.Max.x;// +((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter) ? 0.0f : +1.0f);
+
+    // [Part 9] Allocate draw channels and setup background cliprect
+    TableSetupDrawChannels(table);
+
+    // [Part 10] Hit testing on borders
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable)
+        TableUpdateBorders(table);
+    table_instance->LastFirstRowHeight = 0.0f;
+    table->IsLayoutLocked = true;
+    table->IsUsingHeaders = false;
+
+    // [Part 11] Context menu
+    if (TableBeginContextMenuPopup(table))
+    {
+        TableDrawContextMenu(table);
+        EndPopup();
+    }
+
+    // [Part 12] Sanitize and build sort specs before we have a change to use them for display.
+    // This path will only be exercised when sort specs are modified before header rows (e.g. init or visibility change)
+    if (table->IsSortSpecsDirty && (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable))
+        TableSortSpecsBuild(table);
+
+    // [Part 13] Setup inner window decoration size (for scrolling / nav tracking to properly take account of frozen rows/columns)
+    if (table->FreezeColumnsRequest > 0)
+        table->InnerWindow->DecoInnerSizeX1 = table->Columns[table->DisplayOrderToIndex[table->FreezeColumnsRequest - 1]].MaxX - table->OuterRect.Min.x;
+    if (table->FreezeRowsRequest > 0)
+        table->InnerWindow->DecoInnerSizeY1 = table_instance->LastFrozenHeight;
+    table_instance->LastFrozenHeight = 0.0f;
+
+    // Initial state
+    ImGuiWindow* inner_window = table->InnerWindow;
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip)
+        table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(inner_window->DrawList, TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_NOCLIP);
+    else
+        inner_window->DrawList->PushClipRect(inner_window->ClipRect.Min, inner_window->ClipRect.Max, false);
+}
+
+// Process hit-testing on resizing borders. Actual size change will be applied in EndTable()
+// - Set table->HoveredColumnBorder with a short delay/timer to reduce feedback noise
+// - Submit ahead of table contents and header, use ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap to prioritize widgets
+//   overlapping the same area.
+void ImGui::TableUpdateBorders(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable);
+
+    // At this point OuterRect height may be zero or under actual final height, so we rely on temporal coherency and
+    // use the final height from last frame. Because this is only affecting _interaction_ with columns, it is not
+    // really problematic (whereas the actual visual will be displayed in EndTable() and using the current frame height).
+    // Actual columns highlight/render will be performed in EndTable() and not be affected.
+    ImGuiTableInstanceData* table_instance = TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent);
+    const float hit_half_width = TABLE_RESIZE_SEPARATOR_HALF_THICKNESS;
+    const float hit_y1 = table->OuterRect.Min.y;
+    const float hit_y2_body = ImMax(table->OuterRect.Max.y, hit_y1 + table_instance->LastOuterHeight);
+    const float hit_y2_head = hit_y1 + table_instance->LastFirstRowHeight;
+
+    for (int order_n = 0; order_n < table->ColumnsCount; order_n++)
+    {
+        if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder, order_n))
+            continue;
+
+        const int column_n = table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n];
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+        if (column->Flags & (ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoDirectResize_))
+            continue;
+
+        // ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize will be honored in TableDrawBorders()
+        const float border_y2_hit = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody) ? hit_y2_head : hit_y2_body;
+        if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody) && table->IsUsingHeaders == false)
+            continue;
+
+        if (!column->IsVisibleX && table->LastResizedColumn != column_n)
+            continue;
+
+        ImGuiID column_id = TableGetColumnResizeID(table, column_n, table->InstanceCurrent);
+        ImRect hit_rect(column->MaxX - hit_half_width, hit_y1, column->MaxX + hit_half_width, border_y2_hit);
+        ItemAdd(hit_rect, column_id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav);
+        //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(hit_rect.Min, hit_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 100));
+
+        bool hovered = false, held = false;
+        bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(hit_rect, column_id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren | ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick | ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus);
+        if (pressed && IsMouseDoubleClicked(0))
+        {
+            TableSetColumnWidthAutoSingle(table, column_n);
+            ClearActiveID();
+            held = hovered = false;
+        }
+        if (held)
+        {
+            if (table->LastResizedColumn == -1)
+                table->ResizeLockMinContentsX2 = table->RightMostEnabledColumn != -1 ? table->Columns[table->RightMostEnabledColumn].MaxX : -FLT_MAX;
+            table->ResizedColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+            table->InstanceInteracted = table->InstanceCurrent;
+        }
+        if ((hovered && g.HoveredIdTimer > TABLE_RESIZE_SEPARATOR_FEEDBACK_TIMER) || held)
+        {
+            table->HoveredColumnBorder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+            SetMouseCursor(ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeEW);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void    ImGui::EndTable()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL && "Only call EndTable() if BeginTable() returns true!");
+
+    // This assert would be very useful to catch a common error... unfortunately it would probably trigger in some
+    // cases, and for consistency user may sometimes output empty tables (and still benefit from e.g. outer border)
+    //IM_ASSERT(table->IsLayoutLocked && "Table unused: never called TableNextRow(), is that the intent?");
+
+    // If the user never got to call TableNextRow() or TableNextColumn(), we call layout ourselves to ensure all our
+    // code paths are consistent (instead of just hoping that TableBegin/TableEnd will work), get borders drawn, etc.
+    if (!table->IsLayoutLocked)
+        TableUpdateLayout(table);
+
+    const ImGuiTableFlags flags = table->Flags;
+    ImGuiWindow* inner_window = table->InnerWindow;
+    ImGuiWindow* outer_window = table->OuterWindow;
+    ImGuiTableTempData* temp_data = table->TempData;
+    IM_ASSERT(inner_window == g.CurrentWindow);
+    IM_ASSERT(outer_window == inner_window || outer_window == inner_window->ParentWindow);
+
+    if (table->IsInsideRow)
+        TableEndRow(table);
+
+    // Context menu in columns body
+    if (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody)
+        if (table->HoveredColumnBody != -1 && !IsAnyItemHovered() && IsMouseReleased(ImGuiMouseButton_Right))
+            TableOpenContextMenu((int)table->HoveredColumnBody);
+
+    // Finalize table height
+    ImGuiTableInstanceData* table_instance = TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent);
+    inner_window->DC.PrevLineSize = temp_data->HostBackupPrevLineSize;
+    inner_window->DC.CurrLineSize = temp_data->HostBackupCurrLineSize;
+    inner_window->DC.CursorMaxPos = temp_data->HostBackupCursorMaxPos;
+    const float inner_content_max_y = table->RowPosY2;
+    IM_ASSERT(table->RowPosY2 == inner_window->DC.CursorPos.y);
+    if (inner_window != outer_window)
+        inner_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y = inner_content_max_y;
+    else if (!(flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY))
+        table->OuterRect.Max.y = table->InnerRect.Max.y = ImMax(table->OuterRect.Max.y, inner_content_max_y); // Patch OuterRect/InnerRect height
+    table->WorkRect.Max.y = ImMax(table->WorkRect.Max.y, table->OuterRect.Max.y);
+    table_instance->LastOuterHeight = table->OuterRect.GetHeight();
+
+    // Setup inner scrolling range
+    // FIXME: This ideally should be done earlier, in BeginTable() SetNextWindowContentSize call, just like writing to inner_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y,
+    // but since the later is likely to be impossible to do we'd rather update both axises together.
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX)
+    {
+        const float outer_padding_for_border = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV) ? TABLE_BORDER_SIZE : 0.0f;
+        float max_pos_x = table->InnerWindow->DC.CursorMaxPos.x;
+        if (table->RightMostEnabledColumn != -1)
+            max_pos_x = ImMax(max_pos_x, table->Columns[table->RightMostEnabledColumn].WorkMaxX + table->CellPaddingX + table->OuterPaddingX - outer_padding_for_border);
+        if (table->ResizedColumn != -1)
+            max_pos_x = ImMax(max_pos_x, table->ResizeLockMinContentsX2);
+        table->InnerWindow->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = max_pos_x;
+    }
+
+    // Pop clipping rect
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip))
+        inner_window->DrawList->PopClipRect();
+    inner_window->ClipRect = inner_window->DrawList->_ClipRectStack.back();
+
+    // Draw borders
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Borders) != 0)
+        TableDrawBorders(table);
+
+#if 0
+    // Strip out dummy channel draw calls
+    // We have no way to prevent user submitting direct ImDrawList calls into a hidden column (but ImGui:: calls will be clipped out)
+    // Pros: remove draw calls which will have no effect. since they'll have zero-size cliprect they may be early out anyway.
+    // Cons: making it harder for users watching metrics/debugger to spot the wasted vertices.
+    if (table->DummyDrawChannel != (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)-1)
+    {
+        ImDrawChannel* dummy_channel = &table->DrawSplitter._Channels[table->DummyDrawChannel];
+        dummy_channel->_CmdBuffer.resize(0);
+        dummy_channel->_IdxBuffer.resize(0);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Flatten channels and merge draw calls
+    ImDrawListSplitter* splitter = table->DrawSplitter;
+    splitter->SetCurrentChannel(inner_window->DrawList, 0);
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip) == 0)
+        TableMergeDrawChannels(table);
+    splitter->Merge(inner_window->DrawList);
+
+    // Update ColumnsAutoFitWidth to get us ahead for host using our size to auto-resize without waiting for next BeginTable()
+    float auto_fit_width_for_fixed = 0.0f;
+    float auto_fit_width_for_stretched = 0.0f;
+    float auto_fit_width_for_stretched_min = 0.0f;
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+        if (IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->EnabledMaskByIndex, column_n))
+        {
+            ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+            float column_width_request = ((column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed) && !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize)) ? column->WidthRequest : TableGetColumnWidthAuto(table, column);
+            if (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed)
+                auto_fit_width_for_fixed += column_width_request;
+            else
+                auto_fit_width_for_stretched += column_width_request;
+            if ((column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch) && (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize) != 0)
+                auto_fit_width_for_stretched_min = ImMax(auto_fit_width_for_stretched_min, column_width_request / (column->StretchWeight / table->ColumnsStretchSumWeights));
+        }
+    const float width_spacings = (table->OuterPaddingX * 2.0f) + (table->CellSpacingX1 + table->CellSpacingX2) * (table->ColumnsEnabledCount - 1);
+    table->ColumnsAutoFitWidth = width_spacings + (table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f) * table->ColumnsEnabledCount + auto_fit_width_for_fixed + ImMax(auto_fit_width_for_stretched, auto_fit_width_for_stretched_min);
+
+    // Update scroll
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) == 0 && inner_window != outer_window)
+    {
+        inner_window->Scroll.x = 0.0f;
+    }
+    else if (table->LastResizedColumn != -1 && table->ResizedColumn == -1 && inner_window->ScrollbarX && table->InstanceInteracted == table->InstanceCurrent)
+    {
+        // When releasing a column being resized, scroll to keep the resulting column in sight
+        const float neighbor_width_to_keep_visible = table->MinColumnWidth + table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f;
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[table->LastResizedColumn];
+        if (column->MaxX < table->InnerClipRect.Min.x)
+            SetScrollFromPosX(inner_window, column->MaxX - inner_window->Pos.x - neighbor_width_to_keep_visible, 1.0f);
+        else if (column->MaxX > table->InnerClipRect.Max.x)
+            SetScrollFromPosX(inner_window, column->MaxX - inner_window->Pos.x + neighbor_width_to_keep_visible, 1.0f);
+    }
+
+    // Apply resizing/dragging at the end of the frame
+    if (table->ResizedColumn != -1 && table->InstanceCurrent == table->InstanceInteracted)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[table->ResizedColumn];
+        const float new_x2 = (g.IO.MousePos.x - g.ActiveIdClickOffset.x + TABLE_RESIZE_SEPARATOR_HALF_THICKNESS);
+        const float new_width = ImFloor(new_x2 - column->MinX - table->CellSpacingX1 - table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f);
+        table->ResizedColumnNextWidth = new_width;
+    }
+
+    // Pop from id stack
+    IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(inner_window->IDStack.back() == table_instance->TableInstanceID, "Mismatching PushID/PopID!");
+    IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(outer_window->DC.ItemWidthStack.Size >= temp_data->HostBackupItemWidthStackSize, "Too many PopItemWidth!");
+    if (table->InstanceCurrent > 0)
+        PopID();
+    PopID();
+
+    // Restore window data that we modified
+    const ImVec2 backup_outer_max_pos = outer_window->DC.CursorMaxPos;
+    inner_window->WorkRect = temp_data->HostBackupWorkRect;
+    inner_window->ParentWorkRect = temp_data->HostBackupParentWorkRect;
+    inner_window->SkipItems = table->HostSkipItems;
+    outer_window->DC.CursorPos = table->OuterRect.Min;
+    outer_window->DC.ItemWidth = temp_data->HostBackupItemWidth;
+    outer_window->DC.ItemWidthStack.Size = temp_data->HostBackupItemWidthStackSize;
+    outer_window->DC.ColumnsOffset = temp_data->HostBackupColumnsOffset;
+
+    // Layout in outer window
+    // (FIXME: To allow auto-fit and allow desirable effect of SameLine() we dissociate 'used' vs 'ideal' size by overriding
+    // CursorPosPrevLine and CursorMaxPos manually. That should be a more general layout feature, see same problem e.g. #3414)
+    if (inner_window != outer_window)
+    {
+        EndChild();
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ItemSize(table->OuterRect.GetSize());
+        ItemAdd(table->OuterRect, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Override declared contents width/height to enable auto-resize while not needlessly adding a scrollbar
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX)
+    {
+        // FIXME-TABLE: Could we remove this section?
+        // ColumnsAutoFitWidth may be one frame ahead here since for Fixed+NoResize is calculated from latest contents
+        IM_ASSERT((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) == 0);
+        outer_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = ImMax(backup_outer_max_pos.x, table->OuterRect.Min.x + table->ColumnsAutoFitWidth);
+    }
+    else if (temp_data->UserOuterSize.x <= 0.0f)
+    {
+        const float decoration_size = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) ? inner_window->ScrollbarSizes.x : 0.0f;
+        outer_window->DC.IdealMaxPos.x = ImMax(outer_window->DC.IdealMaxPos.x, table->OuterRect.Min.x + table->ColumnsAutoFitWidth + decoration_size - temp_data->UserOuterSize.x);
+        outer_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = ImMax(backup_outer_max_pos.x, ImMin(table->OuterRect.Max.x, table->OuterRect.Min.x + table->ColumnsAutoFitWidth));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        outer_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = ImMax(backup_outer_max_pos.x, table->OuterRect.Max.x);
+    }
+    if (temp_data->UserOuterSize.y <= 0.0f)
+    {
+        const float decoration_size = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY) ? inner_window->ScrollbarSizes.y : 0.0f;
+        outer_window->DC.IdealMaxPos.y = ImMax(outer_window->DC.IdealMaxPos.y, inner_content_max_y + decoration_size - temp_data->UserOuterSize.y);
+        outer_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y = ImMax(backup_outer_max_pos.y, ImMin(table->OuterRect.Max.y, inner_content_max_y));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // OuterRect.Max.y may already have been pushed downward from the initial value (unless ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY is set)
+        outer_window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y = ImMax(backup_outer_max_pos.y, table->OuterRect.Max.y);
+    }
+
+    // Save settings
+    if (table->IsSettingsDirty)
+        TableSaveSettings(table);
+    table->IsInitializing = false;
+
+    // Clear or restore current table, if any
+    IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentWindow == outer_window && g.CurrentTable == table);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.TablesTempDataStacked > 0);
+    temp_data = (--g.TablesTempDataStacked > 0) ? &g.TablesTempData[g.TablesTempDataStacked - 1] : NULL;
+    g.CurrentTable = temp_data ? g.Tables.GetByIndex(temp_data->TableIndex) : NULL;
+    if (g.CurrentTable)
+    {
+        g.CurrentTable->TempData = temp_data;
+        g.CurrentTable->DrawSplitter = &temp_data->DrawSplitter;
+    }
+    outer_window->DC.CurrentTableIdx = g.CurrentTable ? g.Tables.GetIndex(g.CurrentTable) : -1;
+}
+
+// See "COLUMN SIZING POLICIES" comments at the top of this file
+// If (init_width_or_weight <= 0.0f) it is ignored
+void ImGui::TableSetupColumn(const char* label, ImGuiTableColumnFlags flags, float init_width_or_weight, ImGuiID user_id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL && "Need to call TableSetupColumn() after BeginTable()!");
+    IM_ASSERT(table->IsLayoutLocked == false && "Need to call call TableSetupColumn() before first row!");
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_StatusMask_) == 0 && "Illegal to pass StatusMask values to TableSetupColumn()");
+    if (table->DeclColumnsCount >= table->ColumnsCount)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(table->DeclColumnsCount < table->ColumnsCount, "Called TableSetupColumn() too many times!");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[table->DeclColumnsCount];
+    table->DeclColumnsCount++;
+
+    // Assert when passing a width or weight if policy is entirely left to default, to avoid storing width into weight and vice-versa.
+    // Give a grace to users of ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX.
+    if (table->IsDefaultSizingPolicy && (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthMask_) == 0 && (flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) == 0)
+        IM_ASSERT(init_width_or_weight <= 0.0f && "Can only specify width/weight if sizing policy is set explicitly in either Table or Column.");
+
+    // When passing a width automatically enforce WidthFixed policy
+    // (whereas TableSetupColumnFlags would default to WidthAuto if table is not Resizable)
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthMask_) == 0 && init_width_or_weight > 0.0f)
+        if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit || (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame)
+            flags |= ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed;
+
+    TableSetupColumnFlags(table, column, flags);
+    column->UserID = user_id;
+    flags = column->Flags;
+
+    // Initialize defaults
+    column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth = init_width_or_weight;
+    if (table->IsInitializing)
+    {
+        // Init width or weight
+        if (column->WidthRequest < 0.0f && column->StretchWeight < 0.0f)
+        {
+            if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed) && init_width_or_weight > 0.0f)
+                column->WidthRequest = init_width_or_weight;
+            if (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch)
+                column->StretchWeight = (init_width_or_weight > 0.0f) ? init_width_or_weight : -1.0f;
+
+            // Disable auto-fit if an explicit width/weight has been specified
+            if (init_width_or_weight > 0.0f)
+                column->AutoFitQueue = 0x00;
+        }
+
+        // Init default visibility/sort state
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide) && (table->SettingsLoadedFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable) == 0)
+            column->IsUserEnabled = column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame = false;
+        if (flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort && (table->SettingsLoadedFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable) == 0)
+        {
+            column->SortOrder = 0; // Multiple columns using _DefaultSort will be reassigned unique SortOrder values when building the sort specs.
+            column->SortDirection = (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_PreferSortDescending) ? (ImS8)ImGuiSortDirection_Descending : (ImU8)(ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Store name (append with zero-terminator in contiguous buffer)
+    column->NameOffset = -1;
+    if (label != NULL && label[0] != 0)
+    {
+        column->NameOffset = (ImS16)table->ColumnsNames.size();
+        table->ColumnsNames.append(label, label + strlen(label) + 1);
+    }
+}
+
+// [Public]
+void ImGui::TableSetupScrollFreeze(int columns, int rows)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL && "Need to call TableSetupColumn() after BeginTable()!");
+    IM_ASSERT(table->IsLayoutLocked == false && "Need to call TableSetupColumn() before first row!");
+    IM_ASSERT(columns >= 0 && columns < IMGUI_TABLE_MAX_COLUMNS);
+    IM_ASSERT(rows >= 0 && rows < 128); // Arbitrary limit
+
+    table->FreezeColumnsRequest = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX) ? (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)ImMin(columns, table->ColumnsCount) : 0;
+    table->FreezeColumnsCount = (table->InnerWindow->Scroll.x != 0.0f) ? table->FreezeColumnsRequest : 0;
+    table->FreezeRowsRequest = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollY) ? (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)rows : 0;
+    table->FreezeRowsCount = (table->InnerWindow->Scroll.y != 0.0f) ? table->FreezeRowsRequest : 0;
+    table->IsUnfrozenRows = (table->FreezeRowsCount == 0); // Make sure this is set before TableUpdateLayout() so ImGuiListClipper can benefit from it.b
+
+    // Ensure frozen columns are ordered in their section. We still allow multiple frozen columns to be reordered.
+    // FIXME-TABLE: This work for preserving 2143 into 21|43. How about 4321 turning into 21|43? (preserve relative order in each section)
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->FreezeColumnsRequest; column_n++)
+    {
+        int order_n = table->DisplayOrderToIndex[column_n];
+        if (order_n != column_n && order_n >= table->FreezeColumnsRequest)
+        {
+            ImSwap(table->Columns[table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n]].DisplayOrder, table->Columns[table->DisplayOrderToIndex[column_n]].DisplayOrder);
+            ImSwap(table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n], table->DisplayOrderToIndex[column_n]);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Simple accessors
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableGetColumnCount()
+// - TableGetColumnName()
+// - TableGetColumnName() [Internal]
+// - TableSetColumnEnabled()
+// - TableGetColumnFlags()
+// - TableGetCellBgRect() [Internal]
+// - TableGetColumnResizeID() [Internal]
+// - TableGetHoveredColumn() [Internal]
+// - TableSetBgColor()
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int ImGui::TableGetColumnCount()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    return table ? table->ColumnsCount : 0;
+}
+
+const char* ImGui::TableGetColumnName(int column_n)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (!table)
+        return NULL;
+    if (column_n < 0)
+        column_n = table->CurrentColumn;
+    return TableGetColumnName(table, column_n);
+}
+
+const char* ImGui::TableGetColumnName(const ImGuiTable* table, int column_n)
+{
+    if (table->IsLayoutLocked == false && column_n >= table->DeclColumnsCount)
+        return ""; // NameOffset is invalid at this point
+    const ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    if (column->NameOffset == -1)
+        return "";
+    return &table->ColumnsNames.Buf[column->NameOffset];
+}
+
+// Change user accessible enabled/disabled state of a column (often perceived as "showing/hiding" from users point of view)
+// Note that end-user can use the context menu to change this themselves (right-click in headers, or right-click in columns body with ImGuiTableFlags_ContextMenuInBody)
+// - Require table to have the ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable flag because we are manipulating user accessible state.
+// - Request will be applied during next layout, which happens on the first call to TableNextRow() after BeginTable().
+// - For the getter you can test (TableGetColumnFlags() & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsEnabled) != 0.
+// - Alternative: the ImGuiTableColumnFlags_Disabled is an overriding/master disable flag which will also hide the column from context menu.
+void ImGui::TableSetColumnEnabled(int column_n, bool enabled)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL);
+    if (!table)
+        return;
+    IM_ASSERT(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable); // See comments above
+    if (column_n < 0)
+        column_n = table->CurrentColumn;
+    IM_ASSERT(column_n >= 0 && column_n < table->ColumnsCount);
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame = enabled;
+}
+
+// We allow querying for an extra column in order to poll the IsHovered state of the right-most section
+ImGuiTableColumnFlags ImGui::TableGetColumnFlags(int column_n)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (!table)
+        return ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None;
+    if (column_n < 0)
+        column_n = table->CurrentColumn;
+    if (column_n == table->ColumnsCount)
+        return (table->HoveredColumnBody == column_n) ? ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsHovered : ImGuiTableColumnFlags_None;
+    return table->Columns[column_n].Flags;
+}
+
+// Return the cell rectangle based on currently known height.
+// - Important: we generally don't know our row height until the end of the row, so Max.y will be incorrect in many situations.
+//   The only case where this is correct is if we provided a min_row_height to TableNextRow() and don't go below it, or in TableEndRow() when we locked that height.
+// - Important: if ImGuiTableFlags_PadOuterX is set but ImGuiTableFlags_PadInnerX is not set, the outer-most left and right
+//   columns report a small offset so their CellBgRect can extend up to the outer border.
+//   FIXME: But the rendering code in TableEndRow() nullifies that with clamping required for scrolling.
+ImRect ImGui::TableGetCellBgRect(const ImGuiTable* table, int column_n)
+{
+    const ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    float x1 = column->MinX;
+    float x2 = column->MaxX;
+    //if (column->PrevEnabledColumn == -1)
+    //    x1 -= table->OuterPaddingX;
+    //if (column->NextEnabledColumn == -1)
+    //    x2 += table->OuterPaddingX;
+    x1 = ImMax(x1, table->WorkRect.Min.x);
+    x2 = ImMin(x2, table->WorkRect.Max.x);
+    return ImRect(x1, table->RowPosY1, x2, table->RowPosY2);
+}
+
+// Return the resizing ID for the right-side of the given column.
+ImGuiID ImGui::TableGetColumnResizeID(ImGuiTable* table, int column_n, int instance_no)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(column_n >= 0 && column_n < table->ColumnsCount);
+    ImGuiID instance_id = TableGetInstanceID(table, instance_no);
+    return instance_id + 1 + column_n; // FIXME: #6140: still not ideal
+}
+
+// Return -1 when table is not hovered. return columns_count if the unused space at the right of visible columns is hovered.
+int ImGui::TableGetHoveredColumn()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (!table)
+        return -1;
+    return (int)table->HoveredColumnBody;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget target, ImU32 color, int column_n)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(target != ImGuiTableBgTarget_None);
+
+    if (color == IM_COL32_DISABLE)
+        color = 0;
+
+    // We cannot draw neither the cell or row background immediately as we don't know the row height at this point in time.
+    switch (target)
+    {
+    case ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg:
+    {
+        if (table->RowPosY1 > table->InnerClipRect.Max.y) // Discard
+            return;
+        if (column_n == -1)
+            column_n = table->CurrentColumn;
+        if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->VisibleMaskByIndex, column_n))
+            return;
+        if (table->RowCellDataCurrent < 0 || table->RowCellData[table->RowCellDataCurrent].Column != column_n)
+            table->RowCellDataCurrent++;
+        ImGuiTableCellData* cell_data = &table->RowCellData[table->RowCellDataCurrent];
+        cell_data->BgColor = color;
+        cell_data->Column = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        break;
+    }
+    case ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBg0:
+    case ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBg1:
+    {
+        if (table->RowPosY1 > table->InnerClipRect.Max.y) // Discard
+            return;
+        IM_ASSERT(column_n == -1);
+        int bg_idx = (target == ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBg1) ? 1 : 0;
+        table->RowBgColor[bg_idx] = color;
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+        IM_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Row changes
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableGetRowIndex()
+// - TableNextRow()
+// - TableBeginRow() [Internal]
+// - TableEndRow() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// [Public] Note: for row coloring we use ->RowBgColorCounter which is the same value without counting header rows
+int ImGui::TableGetRowIndex()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (!table)
+        return 0;
+    return table->CurrentRow;
+}
+
+// [Public] Starts into the first cell of a new row
+void ImGui::TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags row_flags, float row_min_height)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+
+    if (!table->IsLayoutLocked)
+        TableUpdateLayout(table);
+    if (table->IsInsideRow)
+        TableEndRow(table);
+
+    table->LastRowFlags = table->RowFlags;
+    table->RowFlags = row_flags;
+    table->RowMinHeight = row_min_height;
+    TableBeginRow(table);
+
+    // We honor min_row_height requested by user, but cannot guarantee per-row maximum height,
+    // because that would essentially require a unique clipping rectangle per-cell.
+    table->RowPosY2 += table->CellPaddingY * 2.0f;
+    table->RowPosY2 = ImMax(table->RowPosY2, table->RowPosY1 + row_min_height);
+
+    // Disable output until user calls TableNextColumn()
+    table->InnerWindow->SkipItems = true;
+}
+
+// [Internal] Called by TableNextRow()
+void ImGui::TableBeginRow(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = table->InnerWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(!table->IsInsideRow);
+
+    // New row
+    table->CurrentRow++;
+    table->CurrentColumn = -1;
+    table->RowBgColor[0] = table->RowBgColor[1] = IM_COL32_DISABLE;
+    table->RowCellDataCurrent = -1;
+    table->IsInsideRow = true;
+
+    // Begin frozen rows
+    float next_y1 = table->RowPosY2;
+    if (table->CurrentRow == 0 && table->FreezeRowsCount > 0)
+        next_y1 = window->DC.CursorPos.y = table->OuterRect.Min.y;
+
+    table->RowPosY1 = table->RowPosY2 = next_y1;
+    table->RowTextBaseline = 0.0f;
+    table->RowIndentOffsetX = window->DC.Indent.x - table->HostIndentX; // Lock indent
+    window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset = 0.0f;
+    window->DC.CurrLineSize = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = window->DC.IsSetPos = false;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y = next_y1;
+
+    // Making the header BG color non-transparent will allow us to overlay it multiple times when handling smooth dragging.
+    if (table->RowFlags & ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers)
+    {
+        TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_RowBg0, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg));
+        if (table->CurrentRow == 0)
+            table->IsUsingHeaders = true;
+    }
+}
+
+// [Internal] Called by TableNextRow()
+void ImGui::TableEndRow(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(window == table->InnerWindow);
+    IM_ASSERT(table->IsInsideRow);
+
+    if (table->CurrentColumn != -1)
+        TableEndCell(table);
+
+    // Logging
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogRenderedText(NULL, "|");
+
+    // Position cursor at the bottom of our row so it can be used for e.g. clipping calculation. However it is
+    // likely that the next call to TableBeginCell() will reposition the cursor to take account of vertical padding.
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y = table->RowPosY2;
+
+    // Row background fill
+    const float bg_y1 = table->RowPosY1;
+    const float bg_y2 = table->RowPosY2;
+    const bool unfreeze_rows_actual = (table->CurrentRow + 1 == table->FreezeRowsCount);
+    const bool unfreeze_rows_request = (table->CurrentRow + 1 == table->FreezeRowsRequest);
+    if (table->CurrentRow == 0)
+        TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent)->LastFirstRowHeight = bg_y2 - bg_y1;
+
+    const bool is_visible = (bg_y2 >= table->InnerClipRect.Min.y && bg_y1 <= table->InnerClipRect.Max.y);
+    if (is_visible)
+    {
+        // Decide of background color for the row
+        ImU32 bg_col0 = 0;
+        ImU32 bg_col1 = 0;
+        if (table->RowBgColor[0] != IM_COL32_DISABLE)
+            bg_col0 = table->RowBgColor[0];
+        else if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg)
+            bg_col0 = GetColorU32((table->RowBgColorCounter & 1) ? ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt : ImGuiCol_TableRowBg);
+        if (table->RowBgColor[1] != IM_COL32_DISABLE)
+            bg_col1 = table->RowBgColor[1];
+
+        // Decide of top border color
+        ImU32 border_col = 0;
+        const float border_size = TABLE_BORDER_SIZE;
+        if (table->CurrentRow > 0 || table->InnerWindow == table->OuterWindow)
+            if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH)
+                border_col = (table->LastRowFlags & ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers) ? table->BorderColorStrong : table->BorderColorLight;
+
+        const bool draw_cell_bg_color = table->RowCellDataCurrent >= 0;
+        const bool draw_strong_bottom_border = unfreeze_rows_actual;
+        if ((bg_col0 | bg_col1 | border_col) != 0 || draw_strong_bottom_border || draw_cell_bg_color)
+        {
+            // In theory we could call SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel() but since we know TableEndRow() is
+            // always followed by a change of clipping rectangle we perform the smallest overwrite possible here.
+            if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip) == 0)
+                window->DrawList->_CmdHeader.ClipRect = table->Bg0ClipRectForDrawCmd.ToVec4();
+            table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG0);
+        }
+
+        // Draw row background
+        // We soft/cpu clip this so all backgrounds and borders can share the same clipping rectangle
+        if (bg_col0 || bg_col1)
+        {
+            ImRect row_rect(table->WorkRect.Min.x, bg_y1, table->WorkRect.Max.x, bg_y2);
+            row_rect.ClipWith(table->BgClipRect);
+            if (bg_col0 != 0 && row_rect.Min.y < row_rect.Max.y)
+                window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(row_rect.Min, row_rect.Max, bg_col0);
+            if (bg_col1 != 0 && row_rect.Min.y < row_rect.Max.y)
+                window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(row_rect.Min, row_rect.Max, bg_col1);
+        }
+
+        // Draw cell background color
+        if (draw_cell_bg_color)
+        {
+            ImGuiTableCellData* cell_data_end = &table->RowCellData[table->RowCellDataCurrent];
+            for (ImGuiTableCellData* cell_data = &table->RowCellData[0]; cell_data <= cell_data_end; cell_data++)
+            {
+                // As we render the BG here we need to clip things (for layout we would not)
+                // FIXME: This cancels the OuterPadding addition done by TableGetCellBgRect(), need to keep it while rendering correctly while scrolling.
+                const ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[cell_data->Column];
+                ImRect cell_bg_rect = TableGetCellBgRect(table, cell_data->Column);
+                cell_bg_rect.ClipWith(table->BgClipRect);
+                cell_bg_rect.Min.x = ImMax(cell_bg_rect.Min.x, column->ClipRect.Min.x);     // So that first column after frozen one gets clipped when scrolling
+                cell_bg_rect.Max.x = ImMin(cell_bg_rect.Max.x, column->MaxX);
+                window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(cell_bg_rect.Min, cell_bg_rect.Max, cell_data->BgColor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Draw top border
+        if (border_col && bg_y1 >= table->BgClipRect.Min.y && bg_y1 < table->BgClipRect.Max.y)
+            window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(table->BorderX1, bg_y1), ImVec2(table->BorderX2, bg_y1), border_col, border_size);
+
+        // Draw bottom border at the row unfreezing mark (always strong)
+        if (draw_strong_bottom_border && bg_y2 >= table->BgClipRect.Min.y && bg_y2 < table->BgClipRect.Max.y)
+            window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(table->BorderX1, bg_y2), ImVec2(table->BorderX2, bg_y2), table->BorderColorStrong, border_size);
+    }
+
+    // End frozen rows (when we are past the last frozen row line, teleport cursor and alter clipping rectangle)
+    // We need to do that in TableEndRow() instead of TableBeginRow() so the list clipper can mark end of row and
+    // get the new cursor position.
+    if (unfreeze_rows_request)
+        for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+            table->Columns[column_n].NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+    if (unfreeze_rows_actual)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(table->IsUnfrozenRows == false);
+        const float y0 = ImMax(table->RowPosY2 + 1, window->InnerClipRect.Min.y);
+        table->IsUnfrozenRows = true;
+        TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent)->LastFrozenHeight = y0 - table->OuterRect.Min.y;
+
+        // BgClipRect starts as table->InnerClipRect, reduce it now and make BgClipRectForDrawCmd == BgClipRect
+        table->BgClipRect.Min.y = table->Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd.Min.y = ImMin(y0, window->InnerClipRect.Max.y);
+        table->BgClipRect.Max.y = table->Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd.Max.y = window->InnerClipRect.Max.y;
+        table->Bg2DrawChannelCurrent = table->Bg2DrawChannelUnfrozen;
+        IM_ASSERT(table->Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd.Min.y <= table->Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd.Max.y);
+
+        float row_height = table->RowPosY2 - table->RowPosY1;
+        table->RowPosY2 = window->DC.CursorPos.y = table->WorkRect.Min.y + table->RowPosY2 - table->OuterRect.Min.y;
+        table->RowPosY1 = table->RowPosY2 - row_height;
+        for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+            column->DrawChannelCurrent = column->DrawChannelUnfrozen;
+            column->ClipRect.Min.y = table->Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd.Min.y;
+        }
+
+        // Update cliprect ahead of TableBeginCell() so clipper can access to new ClipRect->Min.y
+        SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(window, table->Columns[0].ClipRect);
+        table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, table->Columns[0].DrawChannelCurrent);
+    }
+
+    if (!(table->RowFlags & ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers))
+        table->RowBgColorCounter++;
+    table->IsInsideRow = false;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Columns changes
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableGetColumnIndex()
+// - TableSetColumnIndex()
+// - TableNextColumn()
+// - TableBeginCell() [Internal]
+// - TableEndCell() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int ImGui::TableGetColumnIndex()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (!table)
+        return 0;
+    return table->CurrentColumn;
+}
+
+// [Public] Append into a specific column
+bool ImGui::TableSetColumnIndex(int column_n)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (!table)
+        return false;
+
+    if (table->CurrentColumn != column_n)
+    {
+        if (table->CurrentColumn != -1)
+            TableEndCell(table);
+        IM_ASSERT(column_n >= 0 && table->ColumnsCount);
+        TableBeginCell(table, column_n);
+    }
+
+    // Return whether the column is visible. User may choose to skip submitting items based on this return value,
+    // however they shouldn't skip submitting for columns that may have the tallest contribution to row height.
+    return table->Columns[column_n].IsRequestOutput;
+}
+
+// [Public] Append into the next column, wrap and create a new row when already on last column
+bool ImGui::TableNextColumn()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (!table)
+        return false;
+
+    if (table->IsInsideRow && table->CurrentColumn + 1 < table->ColumnsCount)
+    {
+        if (table->CurrentColumn != -1)
+            TableEndCell(table);
+        TableBeginCell(table, table->CurrentColumn + 1);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        TableNextRow();
+        TableBeginCell(table, 0);
+    }
+
+    // Return whether the column is visible. User may choose to skip submitting items based on this return value,
+    // however they shouldn't skip submitting for columns that may have the tallest contribution to row height.
+    return table->Columns[table->CurrentColumn].IsRequestOutput;
+}
+
+
+// [Internal] Called by TableSetColumnIndex()/TableNextColumn()
+// This is called very frequently, so we need to be mindful of unnecessary overhead.
+// FIXME-TABLE FIXME-OPT: Could probably shortcut some things for non-active or clipped columns.
+void ImGui::TableBeginCell(ImGuiTable* table, int column_n)
+{
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    ImGuiWindow* window = table->InnerWindow;
+    table->CurrentColumn = column_n;
+
+    // Start position is roughly ~~ CellRect.Min + CellPadding + Indent
+    float start_x = column->WorkMinX;
+    if (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IndentEnable)
+        start_x += table->RowIndentOffsetX; // ~~ += window.DC.Indent.x - table->HostIndentX, except we locked it for the row.
+
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = start_x;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y = table->RowPosY1 + table->CellPaddingY;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = window->DC.CursorPos.x;
+    window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x = start_x - window->Pos.x - window->DC.Indent.x; // FIXME-WORKRECT
+    window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = table->RowTextBaseline;
+    window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = (ImGuiNavLayer)column->NavLayerCurrent;
+
+    window->WorkRect.Min.y = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+    window->WorkRect.Min.x = column->WorkMinX;
+    window->WorkRect.Max.x = column->WorkMaxX;
+    window->DC.ItemWidth = column->ItemWidth;
+
+    window->SkipItems = column->IsSkipItems;
+    if (column->IsSkipItems)
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        g.LastItemData.ID = 0;
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip)
+    {
+        // FIXME: if we end up drawing all borders/bg in EndTable, could remove this and just assert that channel hasn't changed.
+        table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_NOCLIP);
+        //IM_ASSERT(table->DrawSplitter._Current == TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_NOCLIP);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // FIXME-TABLE: Could avoid this if draw channel is dummy channel?
+        SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(window, column->ClipRect);
+        table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, column->DrawChannelCurrent);
+    }
+
+    // Logging
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.LogEnabled && !column->IsSkipItems)
+    {
+        LogRenderedText(&window->DC.CursorPos, "|");
+        g.LogLinePosY = FLT_MAX;
+    }
+}
+
+// [Internal] Called by TableNextRow()/TableSetColumnIndex()/TableNextColumn()
+void ImGui::TableEndCell(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[table->CurrentColumn];
+    ImGuiWindow* window = table->InnerWindow;
+
+    if (window->DC.IsSetPos)
+        ErrorCheckUsingSetCursorPosToExtendParentBoundaries();
+
+    // Report maximum position so we can infer content size per column.
+    float* p_max_pos_x;
+    if (table->RowFlags & ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers)
+        p_max_pos_x = &column->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed;  // Useful in case user submit contents in header row that is not a TableHeader() call
+    else
+        p_max_pos_x = table->IsUnfrozenRows ? &column->ContentMaxXUnfrozen : &column->ContentMaxXFrozen;
+    *p_max_pos_x = ImMax(*p_max_pos_x, window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x);
+    if (column->IsEnabled)
+        table->RowPosY2 = ImMax(table->RowPosY2, window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y + table->CellPaddingY);
+    column->ItemWidth = window->DC.ItemWidth;
+
+    // Propagate text baseline for the entire row
+    // FIXME-TABLE: Here we propagate text baseline from the last line of the cell.. instead of the first one.
+    table->RowTextBaseline = ImMax(table->RowTextBaseline, window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Columns width management
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableGetMaxColumnWidth() [Internal]
+// - TableGetColumnWidthAuto() [Internal]
+// - TableSetColumnWidth()
+// - TableSetColumnWidthAutoSingle() [Internal]
+// - TableSetColumnWidthAutoAll() [Internal]
+// - TableUpdateColumnsWeightFromWidth() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Maximum column content width given current layout. Use column->MinX so this value on a per-column basis.
+float ImGui::TableGetMaxColumnWidth(const ImGuiTable* table, int column_n)
+{
+    const ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    float max_width = FLT_MAX;
+    const float min_column_distance = table->MinColumnWidth + table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f + table->CellSpacingX1 + table->CellSpacingX2;
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_ScrollX)
+    {
+        // Frozen columns can't reach beyond visible width else scrolling will naturally break.
+        // (we use DisplayOrder as within a set of multiple frozen column reordering is possible)
+        if (column->DisplayOrder < table->FreezeColumnsRequest)
+        {
+            max_width = (table->InnerClipRect.Max.x - (table->FreezeColumnsRequest - column->DisplayOrder) * min_column_distance) - column->MinX;
+            max_width = max_width - table->OuterPaddingX - table->CellPaddingX - table->CellSpacingX2;
+        }
+    }
+    else if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoKeepColumnsVisible) == 0)
+    {
+        // If horizontal scrolling if disabled, we apply a final lossless shrinking of columns in order to make
+        // sure they are all visible. Because of this we also know that all of the columns will always fit in
+        // table->WorkRect and therefore in table->InnerRect (because ScrollX is off)
+        // FIXME-TABLE: This is solved incorrectly but also quite a difficult problem to fix as we also want ClipRect width to match.
+        // See "table_width_distrib" and "table_width_keep_visible" tests
+        max_width = table->WorkRect.Max.x - (table->ColumnsEnabledCount - column->IndexWithinEnabledSet - 1) * min_column_distance - column->MinX;
+        //max_width -= table->CellSpacingX1;
+        max_width -= table->CellSpacingX2;
+        max_width -= table->CellPaddingX * 2.0f;
+        max_width -= table->OuterPaddingX;
+    }
+    return max_width;
+}
+
+// Note this is meant to be stored in column->WidthAuto, please generally use the WidthAuto field
+float ImGui::TableGetColumnWidthAuto(ImGuiTable* table, ImGuiTableColumn* column)
+{
+    const float content_width_body = ImMax(column->ContentMaxXFrozen, column->ContentMaxXUnfrozen) - column->WorkMinX;
+    const float content_width_headers = column->ContentMaxXHeadersIdeal - column->WorkMinX;
+    float width_auto = content_width_body;
+    if (!(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHeaderWidth))
+        width_auto = ImMax(width_auto, content_width_headers);
+
+    // Non-resizable fixed columns preserve their requested width
+    if ((column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed) && column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth > 0.0f)
+        if (!(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable) || (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize))
+            width_auto = column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth;
+
+    return ImMax(width_auto, table->MinColumnWidth);
+}
+
+// 'width' = inner column width, without padding
+void ImGui::TableSetColumnWidth(int column_n, float width)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL && table->IsLayoutLocked == false);
+    IM_ASSERT(column_n >= 0 && column_n < table->ColumnsCount);
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column_0 = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    float column_0_width = width;
+
+    // Apply constraints early
+    // Compare both requested and actual given width to avoid overwriting requested width when column is stuck (minimum size, bounded)
+    IM_ASSERT(table->MinColumnWidth > 0.0f);
+    const float min_width = table->MinColumnWidth;
+    const float max_width = ImMax(min_width, TableGetMaxColumnWidth(table, column_n));
+    column_0_width = ImClamp(column_0_width, min_width, max_width);
+    if (column_0->WidthGiven == column_0_width || column_0->WidthRequest == column_0_width)
+        return;
+
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINT("TableSetColumnWidth(%d, %.1f->%.1f)\n", column_0_idx, column_0->WidthGiven, column_0_width);
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column_1 = (column_0->NextEnabledColumn != -1) ? &table->Columns[column_0->NextEnabledColumn] : NULL;
+
+    // In this surprisingly not simple because of how we support mixing Fixed and multiple Stretch columns.
+    // - All fixed: easy.
+    // - All stretch: easy.
+    // - One or more fixed + one stretch: easy.
+    // - One or more fixed + more than one stretch: tricky.
+    // Qt when manual resize is enabled only support a single _trailing_ stretch column.
+
+    // When forwarding resize from Wn| to Fn+1| we need to be considerate of the _NoResize flag on Fn+1.
+    // FIXME-TABLE: Find a way to rewrite all of this so interactions feel more consistent for the user.
+    // Scenarios:
+    // - F1 F2 F3  resize from F1| or F2|   --> ok: alter ->WidthRequested of Fixed column. Subsequent columns will be offset.
+    // - F1 F2 F3  resize from F3|          --> ok: alter ->WidthRequested of Fixed column. If active, ScrollX extent can be altered.
+    // - F1 F2 W3  resize from F1| or F2|   --> ok: alter ->WidthRequested of Fixed column. If active, ScrollX extent can be altered, but it doesn't make much sense as the Stretch column will always be minimal size.
+    // - F1 F2 W3  resize from W3|          --> ok: no-op (disabled by Resize Rule 1)
+    // - W1 W2 W3  resize from W1| or W2|   --> ok
+    // - W1 W2 W3  resize from W3|          --> ok: no-op (disabled by Resize Rule 1)
+    // - W1 F2 F3  resize from F3|          --> ok: no-op (disabled by Resize Rule 1)
+    // - W1 F2     resize from F2|          --> ok: no-op (disabled by Resize Rule 1)
+    // - W1 W2 F3  resize from W1| or W2|   --> ok
+    // - W1 F2 W3  resize from W1| or F2|   --> ok
+    // - F1 W2 F3  resize from W2|          --> ok
+    // - F1 W3 F2  resize from W3|          --> ok
+    // - W1 F2 F3  resize from W1|          --> ok: equivalent to resizing |F2. F3 will not move.
+    // - W1 F2 F3  resize from F2|          --> ok
+    // All resizes from a Wx columns are locking other columns.
+
+    // Possible improvements:
+    // - W1 W2 W3  resize W1|               --> to not be stuck, both W2 and W3 would stretch down. Seems possible to fix. Would be most beneficial to simplify resize of all-weighted columns.
+    // - W3 F1 F2  resize W3|               --> to not be stuck past F1|, both F1 and F2 would need to stretch down, which would be lossy or ambiguous. Seems hard to fix.
+
+    // [Resize Rule 1] Can't resize from right of right-most visible column if there is any Stretch column. Implemented in TableUpdateLayout().
+
+    // If we have all Fixed columns OR resizing a Fixed column that doesn't come after a Stretch one, we can do an offsetting resize.
+    // This is the preferred resize path
+    if (column_0->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed)
+        if (!column_1 || table->LeftMostStretchedColumn == -1 || table->Columns[table->LeftMostStretchedColumn].DisplayOrder >= column_0->DisplayOrder)
+        {
+            column_0->WidthRequest = column_0_width;
+            table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+            return;
+        }
+
+    // We can also use previous column if there's no next one (this is used when doing an auto-fit on the right-most stretch column)
+    if (column_1 == NULL)
+        column_1 = (column_0->PrevEnabledColumn != -1) ? &table->Columns[column_0->PrevEnabledColumn] : NULL;
+    if (column_1 == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    // Resizing from right-side of a Stretch column before a Fixed column forward sizing to left-side of fixed column.
+    // (old_a + old_b == new_a + new_b) --> (new_a == old_a + old_b - new_b)
+    float column_1_width = ImMax(column_1->WidthRequest - (column_0_width - column_0->WidthRequest), min_width);
+    column_0_width = column_0->WidthRequest + column_1->WidthRequest - column_1_width;
+    IM_ASSERT(column_0_width > 0.0f && column_1_width > 0.0f);
+    column_0->WidthRequest = column_0_width;
+    column_1->WidthRequest = column_1_width;
+    if ((column_0->Flags | column_1->Flags) & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch)
+        TableUpdateColumnsWeightFromWidth(table);
+    table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+}
+
+// Disable clipping then auto-fit, will take 2 frames
+// (we don't take a shortcut for unclipped columns to reduce inconsistencies when e.g. resizing multiple columns)
+void ImGui::TableSetColumnWidthAutoSingle(ImGuiTable* table, int column_n)
+{
+    // Single auto width uses auto-fit
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    if (!column->IsEnabled)
+        return;
+    column->CannotSkipItemsQueue = (1 << 0);
+    table->AutoFitSingleColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableSetColumnWidthAutoAll(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+        if (!column->IsEnabled && !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch)) // Cannot reset weight of hidden stretch column
+            continue;
+        column->CannotSkipItemsQueue = (1 << 0);
+        column->AutoFitQueue = (1 << 1);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableUpdateColumnsWeightFromWidth(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(table->LeftMostStretchedColumn != -1 && table->RightMostStretchedColumn != -1);
+
+    // Measure existing quantity
+    float visible_weight = 0.0f;
+    float visible_width = 0.0f;
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+        if (!column->IsEnabled || !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch))
+            continue;
+        IM_ASSERT(column->StretchWeight > 0.0f);
+        visible_weight += column->StretchWeight;
+        visible_width += column->WidthRequest;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(visible_weight > 0.0f && visible_width > 0.0f);
+
+    // Apply new weights
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+        if (!column->IsEnabled || !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch))
+            continue;
+        column->StretchWeight = (column->WidthRequest / visible_width) * visible_weight;
+        IM_ASSERT(column->StretchWeight > 0.0f);
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Drawing
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TablePushBackgroundChannel() [Internal]
+// - TablePopBackgroundChannel() [Internal]
+// - TableSetupDrawChannels() [Internal]
+// - TableMergeDrawChannels() [Internal]
+// - TableDrawBorders() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Bg2 is used by Selectable (and possibly other widgets) to render to the background.
+// Unlike our Bg0/1 channel which we uses for RowBg/CellBg/Borders and where we guarantee all shapes to be CPU-clipped, the Bg2 channel being widgets-facing will rely on regular ClipRect.
+void ImGui::TablePushBackgroundChannel()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+
+    // Optimization: avoid SetCurrentChannel() + PushClipRect()
+    table->HostBackupInnerClipRect = window->ClipRect;
+    SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(window, table->Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd);
+    table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, table->Bg2DrawChannelCurrent);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TablePopBackgroundChannel()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[table->CurrentColumn];
+
+    // Optimization: avoid PopClipRect() + SetCurrentChannel()
+    SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(window, table->HostBackupInnerClipRect);
+    table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, column->DrawChannelCurrent);
+}
+
+// Allocate draw channels. Called by TableUpdateLayout()
+// - We allocate them following storage order instead of display order so reordering columns won't needlessly
+//   increase overall dormant memory cost.
+// - We isolate headers draw commands in their own channels instead of just altering clip rects.
+//   This is in order to facilitate merging of draw commands.
+// - After crossing FreezeRowsCount, all columns see their current draw channel changed to a second set of channels.
+// - We only use the dummy draw channel so we can push a null clipping rectangle into it without affecting other
+//   channels, while simplifying per-row/per-cell overhead. It will be empty and discarded when merged.
+// - We allocate 1 or 2 background draw channels. This is because we know TablePushBackgroundChannel() is only used for
+//   horizontal spanning. If we allowed vertical spanning we'd need one background draw channel per merge group (1-4).
+// Draw channel allocation (before merging):
+// - NoClip                       --> 2+D+1 channels: bg0/1 + bg2 + foreground (same clip rect == always 1 draw call)
+// - Clip                         --> 2+D+N channels
+// - FreezeRows                   --> 2+D+N*2 (unless scrolling value is zero)
+// - FreezeRows || FreezeColunns  --> 3+D+N*2 (unless scrolling value is zero)
+// Where D is 1 if any column is clipped or hidden (dummy channel) otherwise 0.
+void ImGui::TableSetupDrawChannels(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    const int freeze_row_multiplier = (table->FreezeRowsCount > 0) ? 2 : 1;
+    const int channels_for_row = (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip) ? 1 : table->ColumnsEnabledCount;
+    const int channels_for_bg = 1 + 1 * freeze_row_multiplier;
+    const int channels_for_dummy = (table->ColumnsEnabledCount < table->ColumnsCount || (memcmp(table->VisibleMaskByIndex, table->EnabledMaskByIndex, ImBitArrayGetStorageSizeInBytes(table->ColumnsCount)) != 0)) ? +1 : 0;
+    const int channels_total = channels_for_bg + (channels_for_row * freeze_row_multiplier) + channels_for_dummy;
+    table->DrawSplitter->Split(table->InnerWindow->DrawList, channels_total);
+    table->DummyDrawChannel = (ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx)((channels_for_dummy > 0) ? channels_total - 1 : -1);
+    table->Bg2DrawChannelCurrent = TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG2_FROZEN;
+    table->Bg2DrawChannelUnfrozen = (ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx)((table->FreezeRowsCount > 0) ? 2 + channels_for_row : TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG2_FROZEN);
+
+    int draw_channel_current = 2;
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+        if (column->IsVisibleX && column->IsVisibleY)
+        {
+            column->DrawChannelFrozen = (ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx)(draw_channel_current);
+            column->DrawChannelUnfrozen = (ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx)(draw_channel_current + (table->FreezeRowsCount > 0 ? channels_for_row + 1 : 0));
+            if (!(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoClip))
+                draw_channel_current++;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            column->DrawChannelFrozen = column->DrawChannelUnfrozen = table->DummyDrawChannel;
+        }
+        column->DrawChannelCurrent = column->DrawChannelFrozen;
+    }
+
+    // Initial draw cmd starts with a BgClipRect that matches the one of its host, to facilitate merge draw commands by default.
+    // All our cell highlight are manually clipped with BgClipRect. When unfreezing it will be made smaller to fit scrolling rect.
+    // (This technically isn't part of setting up draw channels, but is reasonably related to be done here)
+    table->BgClipRect = table->InnerClipRect;
+    table->Bg0ClipRectForDrawCmd = table->OuterWindow->ClipRect;
+    table->Bg2ClipRectForDrawCmd = table->HostClipRect;
+    IM_ASSERT(table->BgClipRect.Min.y <= table->BgClipRect.Max.y);
+}
+
+// This function reorder draw channels based on matching clip rectangle, to facilitate merging them. Called by EndTable().
+// For simplicity we call it TableMergeDrawChannels() but in fact it only reorder channels + overwrite ClipRect,
+// actual merging is done by table->DrawSplitter.Merge() which is called right after TableMergeDrawChannels().
+//
+// Columns where the contents didn't stray off their local clip rectangle can be merged. To achieve
+// this we merge their clip rect and make them contiguous in the channel list, so they can be merged
+// by the call to DrawSplitter.Merge() following to the call to this function.
+// We reorder draw commands by arranging them into a maximum of 4 distinct groups:
+//
+//   1 group:               2 groups:              2 groups:              4 groups:
+//   [ 0. ] no freeze       [ 0. ] row freeze      [ 01 ] col freeze      [ 01 ] row+col freeze
+//   [ .. ]  or no scroll   [ 2. ]  and v-scroll   [ .. ]  and h-scroll   [ 23 ]  and v+h-scroll
+//
+// Each column itself can use 1 channel (row freeze disabled) or 2 channels (row freeze enabled).
+// When the contents of a column didn't stray off its limit, we move its channels into the corresponding group
+// based on its position (within frozen rows/columns groups or not).
+// At the end of the operation our 1-4 groups will each have a ImDrawCmd using the same ClipRect.
+// This function assume that each column are pointing to a distinct draw channel,
+// otherwise merge_group->ChannelsCount will not match set bit count of merge_group->ChannelsMask.
+//
+// Column channels will not be merged into one of the 1-4 groups in the following cases:
+// - The contents stray off its clipping rectangle (we only compare the MaxX value, not the MinX value).
+//   Direct ImDrawList calls won't be taken into account by default, if you use them make sure the ImGui:: bounds
+//   matches, by e.g. calling SetCursorScreenPos().
+// - The channel uses more than one draw command itself. We drop all our attempt at merging stuff here..
+//   we could do better but it's going to be rare and probably not worth the hassle.
+// Columns for which the draw channel(s) haven't been merged with other will use their own ImDrawCmd.
+//
+// This function is particularly tricky to understand.. take a breath.
+void ImGui::TableMergeDrawChannels(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImDrawListSplitter* splitter = table->DrawSplitter;
+    const bool has_freeze_v = (table->FreezeRowsCount > 0);
+    const bool has_freeze_h = (table->FreezeColumnsCount > 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(splitter->_Current == 0);
+
+    // Track which groups we are going to attempt to merge, and which channels goes into each group.
+    struct MergeGroup
+    {
+        ImRect          ClipRect;
+        int             ChannelsCount;
+        ImBitArrayPtr   ChannelsMask;
+    };
+    int merge_group_mask = 0x00;
+    MergeGroup merge_groups[4] = {};
+
+    // Use a reusable temp buffer for the merge masks as they are dynamically sized.
+    const int max_draw_channels = (4 + table->ColumnsCount * 2);
+    const int size_for_masks_bitarrays_one = (int)ImBitArrayGetStorageSizeInBytes(max_draw_channels);
+    g.TempBuffer.reserve(size_for_masks_bitarrays_one * 5);
+    memset(g.TempBuffer.Data, 0, size_for_masks_bitarrays_one * 5);
+    for (int n = 0; n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(merge_groups); n++)
+        merge_groups[n].ChannelsMask = (ImBitArrayPtr)(void*)(g.TempBuffer.Data + (size_for_masks_bitarrays_one * n));
+    ImBitArrayPtr remaining_mask = (ImBitArrayPtr)(void*)(g.TempBuffer.Data + (size_for_masks_bitarrays_one * 4));
+
+    // 1. Scan channels and take note of those which can be merged
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->VisibleMaskByIndex, column_n))
+            continue;
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+
+        const int merge_group_sub_count = has_freeze_v ? 2 : 1;
+        for (int merge_group_sub_n = 0; merge_group_sub_n < merge_group_sub_count; merge_group_sub_n++)
+        {
+            const int channel_no = (merge_group_sub_n == 0) ? column->DrawChannelFrozen : column->DrawChannelUnfrozen;
+
+            // Don't attempt to merge if there are multiple draw calls within the column
+            ImDrawChannel* src_channel = &splitter->_Channels[channel_no];
+            if (src_channel->_CmdBuffer.Size > 0 && src_channel->_CmdBuffer.back().ElemCount == 0 && src_channel->_CmdBuffer.back().UserCallback == NULL) // Equivalent of PopUnusedDrawCmd()
+                src_channel->_CmdBuffer.pop_back();
+            if (src_channel->_CmdBuffer.Size != 1)
+                continue;
+
+            // Find out the width of this merge group and check if it will fit in our column
+            // (note that we assume that rendering didn't stray on the left direction. we should need a CursorMinPos to detect it)
+            if (!(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoClip))
+            {
+                float content_max_x;
+                if (!has_freeze_v)
+                    content_max_x = ImMax(column->ContentMaxXUnfrozen, column->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed); // No row freeze
+                else if (merge_group_sub_n == 0)
+                    content_max_x = ImMax(column->ContentMaxXFrozen, column->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed);   // Row freeze: use width before freeze
+                else
+                    content_max_x = column->ContentMaxXUnfrozen;                                        // Row freeze: use width after freeze
+                if (content_max_x > column->ClipRect.Max.x)
+                    continue;
+            }
+
+            const int merge_group_n = (has_freeze_h && column_n < table->FreezeColumnsCount ? 0 : 1) + (has_freeze_v && merge_group_sub_n == 0 ? 0 : 2);
+            IM_ASSERT(channel_no < max_draw_channels);
+            MergeGroup* merge_group = &merge_groups[merge_group_n];
+            if (merge_group->ChannelsCount == 0)
+                merge_group->ClipRect = ImRect(+FLT_MAX, +FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+            ImBitArraySetBit(merge_group->ChannelsMask, channel_no);
+            merge_group->ChannelsCount++;
+            merge_group->ClipRect.Add(src_channel->_CmdBuffer[0].ClipRect);
+            merge_group_mask |= (1 << merge_group_n);
+        }
+
+        // Invalidate current draw channel
+        // (we don't clear DrawChannelFrozen/DrawChannelUnfrozen solely to facilitate debugging/later inspection of data)
+        column->DrawChannelCurrent = (ImGuiTableDrawChannelIdx)-1;
+    }
+
+    // [DEBUG] Display merge groups
+#if 0
+    if (g.IO.KeyShift)
+        for (int merge_group_n = 0; merge_group_n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(merge_groups); merge_group_n++)
+        {
+            MergeGroup* merge_group = &merge_groups[merge_group_n];
+            if (merge_group->ChannelsCount == 0)
+                continue;
+            char buf[32];
+            ImFormatString(buf, 32, "MG%d:%d", merge_group_n, merge_group->ChannelsCount);
+            ImVec2 text_pos = merge_group->ClipRect.Min + ImVec2(4, 4);
+            ImVec2 text_size = CalcTextSize(buf, NULL);
+            GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRectFilled(text_pos, text_pos + text_size, IM_COL32(0, 0, 0, 255));
+            GetForegroundDrawList()->AddText(text_pos, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255), buf, NULL);
+            GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(merge_group->ClipRect.Min, merge_group->ClipRect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+        }
+#endif
+
+    // 2. Rewrite channel list in our preferred order
+    if (merge_group_mask != 0)
+    {
+        // We skip channel 0 (Bg0/Bg1) and 1 (Bg2 frozen) from the shuffling since they won't move - see channels allocation in TableSetupDrawChannels().
+        const int LEADING_DRAW_CHANNELS = 2;
+        g.DrawChannelsTempMergeBuffer.resize(splitter->_Count - LEADING_DRAW_CHANNELS); // Use shared temporary storage so the allocation gets amortized
+        ImDrawChannel* dst_tmp = g.DrawChannelsTempMergeBuffer.Data;
+        ImBitArraySetBitRange(remaining_mask, LEADING_DRAW_CHANNELS, splitter->_Count);
+        ImBitArrayClearBit(remaining_mask, table->Bg2DrawChannelUnfrozen);
+        IM_ASSERT(has_freeze_v == false || table->Bg2DrawChannelUnfrozen != TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG2_FROZEN);
+        int remaining_count = splitter->_Count - (has_freeze_v ? LEADING_DRAW_CHANNELS + 1 : LEADING_DRAW_CHANNELS);
+        //ImRect host_rect = (table->InnerWindow == table->OuterWindow) ? table->InnerClipRect : table->HostClipRect;
+        ImRect host_rect = table->HostClipRect;
+        for (int merge_group_n = 0; merge_group_n < IM_ARRAYSIZE(merge_groups); merge_group_n++)
+        {
+            if (int merge_channels_count = merge_groups[merge_group_n].ChannelsCount)
+            {
+                MergeGroup* merge_group = &merge_groups[merge_group_n];
+                ImRect merge_clip_rect = merge_group->ClipRect;
+
+                // Extend outer-most clip limits to match those of host, so draw calls can be merged even if
+                // outer-most columns have some outer padding offsetting them from their parent ClipRect.
+                // The principal cases this is dealing with are:
+                // - On a same-window table (not scrolling = single group), all fitting columns ClipRect -> will extend and match host ClipRect -> will merge
+                // - Columns can use padding and have left-most ClipRect.Min.x and right-most ClipRect.Max.x != from host ClipRect -> will extend and match host ClipRect -> will merge
+                // FIXME-TABLE FIXME-WORKRECT: We are wasting a merge opportunity on tables without scrolling if column doesn't fit
+                // within host clip rect, solely because of the half-padding difference between window->WorkRect and window->InnerClipRect.
+                if ((merge_group_n & 1) == 0 || !has_freeze_h)
+                    merge_clip_rect.Min.x = ImMin(merge_clip_rect.Min.x, host_rect.Min.x);
+                if ((merge_group_n & 2) == 0 || !has_freeze_v)
+                    merge_clip_rect.Min.y = ImMin(merge_clip_rect.Min.y, host_rect.Min.y);
+                if ((merge_group_n & 1) != 0)
+                    merge_clip_rect.Max.x = ImMax(merge_clip_rect.Max.x, host_rect.Max.x);
+                if ((merge_group_n & 2) != 0 && (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendY) == 0)
+                    merge_clip_rect.Max.y = ImMax(merge_clip_rect.Max.y, host_rect.Max.y);
+#if 0
+                GetOverlayDrawList()->AddRect(merge_group->ClipRect.Min, merge_group->ClipRect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 200), 0.0f, 0, 1.0f);
+                GetOverlayDrawList()->AddLine(merge_group->ClipRect.Min, merge_clip_rect.Min, IM_COL32(255, 100, 0, 200));
+                GetOverlayDrawList()->AddLine(merge_group->ClipRect.Max, merge_clip_rect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 100, 0, 200));
+#endif
+                remaining_count -= merge_group->ChannelsCount;
+                for (int n = 0; n < (size_for_masks_bitarrays_one >> 2); n++)
+                    remaining_mask[n] &= ~merge_group->ChannelsMask[n];
+                for (int n = 0; n < splitter->_Count && merge_channels_count != 0; n++)
+                {
+                    // Copy + overwrite new clip rect
+                    if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(merge_group->ChannelsMask, n))
+                        continue;
+                    IM_BITARRAY_CLEARBIT(merge_group->ChannelsMask, n);
+                    merge_channels_count--;
+
+                    ImDrawChannel* channel = &splitter->_Channels[n];
+                    IM_ASSERT(channel->_CmdBuffer.Size == 1 && merge_clip_rect.Contains(ImRect(channel->_CmdBuffer[0].ClipRect)));
+                    channel->_CmdBuffer[0].ClipRect = merge_clip_rect.ToVec4();
+                    memcpy(dst_tmp++, channel, sizeof(ImDrawChannel));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Make sure Bg2DrawChannelUnfrozen appears in the middle of our groups (whereas Bg0/Bg1 and Bg2 frozen are fixed to 0 and 1)
+            if (merge_group_n == 1 && has_freeze_v)
+                memcpy(dst_tmp++, &splitter->_Channels[table->Bg2DrawChannelUnfrozen], sizeof(ImDrawChannel));
+        }
+
+        // Append unmergeable channels that we didn't reorder at the end of the list
+        for (int n = 0; n < splitter->_Count && remaining_count != 0; n++)
+        {
+            if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(remaining_mask, n))
+                continue;
+            ImDrawChannel* channel = &splitter->_Channels[n];
+            memcpy(dst_tmp++, channel, sizeof(ImDrawChannel));
+            remaining_count--;
+        }
+        IM_ASSERT(dst_tmp == g.DrawChannelsTempMergeBuffer.Data + g.DrawChannelsTempMergeBuffer.Size);
+        memcpy(splitter->_Channels.Data + LEADING_DRAW_CHANNELS, g.DrawChannelsTempMergeBuffer.Data, (splitter->_Count - LEADING_DRAW_CHANNELS) * sizeof(ImDrawChannel));
+    }
+}
+
+// FIXME-TABLE: This is a mess, need to redesign how we render borders (as some are also done in TableEndRow)
+void ImGui::TableDrawBorders(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* inner_window = table->InnerWindow;
+    if (!table->OuterWindow->ClipRect.Overlaps(table->OuterRect))
+        return;
+
+    ImDrawList* inner_drawlist = inner_window->DrawList;
+    table->DrawSplitter->SetCurrentChannel(inner_drawlist, TABLE_DRAW_CHANNEL_BG0);
+    inner_drawlist->PushClipRect(table->Bg0ClipRectForDrawCmd.Min, table->Bg0ClipRectForDrawCmd.Max, false);
+
+    // Draw inner border and resizing feedback
+    ImGuiTableInstanceData* table_instance = TableGetInstanceData(table, table->InstanceCurrent);
+    const float border_size = TABLE_BORDER_SIZE;
+    const float draw_y1 = table->InnerRect.Min.y;
+    const float draw_y2_body = table->InnerRect.Max.y;
+    const float draw_y2_head = table->IsUsingHeaders ? ImMin(table->InnerRect.Max.y, (table->FreezeRowsCount >= 1 ? table->InnerRect.Min.y : table->WorkRect.Min.y) + table_instance->LastFirstRowHeight) : draw_y1;
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerV)
+    {
+        for (int order_n = 0; order_n < table->ColumnsCount; order_n++)
+        {
+            if (!IM_BITARRAY_TESTBIT(table->EnabledMaskByDisplayOrder, order_n))
+                continue;
+
+            const int column_n = table->DisplayOrderToIndex[order_n];
+            ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+            const bool is_hovered = (table->HoveredColumnBorder == column_n);
+            const bool is_resized = (table->ResizedColumn == column_n) && (table->InstanceInteracted == table->InstanceCurrent);
+            const bool is_resizable = (column->Flags & (ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize | ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoDirectResize_)) == 0;
+            const bool is_frozen_separator = (table->FreezeColumnsCount == order_n + 1);
+            if (column->MaxX > table->InnerClipRect.Max.x && !is_resized)
+                continue;
+
+            // Decide whether right-most column is visible
+            if (column->NextEnabledColumn == -1 && !is_resizable)
+                if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) != ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame || (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoHostExtendX))
+                    continue;
+            if (column->MaxX <= column->ClipRect.Min.x) // FIXME-TABLE FIXME-STYLE: Assume BorderSize==1, this is problematic if we want to increase the border size..
+                continue;
+
+            // Draw in outer window so right-most column won't be clipped
+            // Always draw full height border when being resized/hovered, or on the delimitation of frozen column scrolling.
+            ImU32 col;
+            float draw_y2;
+            if (is_hovered || is_resized || is_frozen_separator)
+            {
+                draw_y2 = draw_y2_body;
+                col = is_resized ? GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive) : is_hovered ? GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered) : table->BorderColorStrong;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                draw_y2 = (table->Flags & (ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody | ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize)) ? draw_y2_head : draw_y2_body;
+                col = (table->Flags & (ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBody | ImGuiTableFlags_NoBordersInBodyUntilResize)) ? table->BorderColorStrong : table->BorderColorLight;
+            }
+
+            if (draw_y2 > draw_y1)
+                inner_drawlist->AddLine(ImVec2(column->MaxX, draw_y1), ImVec2(column->MaxX, draw_y2), col, border_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Draw outer border
+    // FIXME: could use AddRect or explicit VLine/HLine helper?
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter)
+    {
+        // Display outer border offset by 1 which is a simple way to display it without adding an extra draw call
+        // (Without the offset, in outer_window it would be rendered behind cells, because child windows are above their
+        // parent. In inner_window, it won't reach out over scrollbars. Another weird solution would be to display part
+        // of it in inner window, and the part that's over scrollbars in the outer window..)
+        // Either solution currently won't allow us to use a larger border size: the border would clipped.
+        const ImRect outer_border = table->OuterRect;
+        const ImU32 outer_col = table->BorderColorStrong;
+        if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter) == ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuter)
+        {
+            inner_drawlist->AddRect(outer_border.Min, outer_border.Max, outer_col, 0.0f, 0, border_size);
+        }
+        else if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterV)
+        {
+            inner_drawlist->AddLine(outer_border.Min, ImVec2(outer_border.Min.x, outer_border.Max.y), outer_col, border_size);
+            inner_drawlist->AddLine(ImVec2(outer_border.Max.x, outer_border.Min.y), outer_border.Max, outer_col, border_size);
+        }
+        else if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersOuterH)
+        {
+            inner_drawlist->AddLine(outer_border.Min, ImVec2(outer_border.Max.x, outer_border.Min.y), outer_col, border_size);
+            inner_drawlist->AddLine(ImVec2(outer_border.Min.x, outer_border.Max.y), outer_border.Max, outer_col, border_size);
+        }
+    }
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_BordersInnerH) && table->RowPosY2 < table->OuterRect.Max.y)
+    {
+        // Draw bottom-most row border
+        const float border_y = table->RowPosY2;
+        if (border_y >= table->BgClipRect.Min.y && border_y < table->BgClipRect.Max.y)
+            inner_drawlist->AddLine(ImVec2(table->BorderX1, border_y), ImVec2(table->BorderX2, border_y), table->BorderColorLight, border_size);
+    }
+
+    inner_drawlist->PopClipRect();
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Sorting
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableGetSortSpecs()
+// - TableFixColumnSortDirection() [Internal]
+// - TableGetColumnNextSortDirection() [Internal]
+// - TableSetColumnSortDirection() [Internal]
+// - TableSortSpecsSanitize() [Internal]
+// - TableSortSpecsBuild() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Return NULL if no sort specs (most often when ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable is not set)
+// You can sort your data again when 'SpecsChanged == true'. It will be true with sorting specs have changed since
+// last call, or the first time.
+// Lifetime: don't hold on this pointer over multiple frames or past any subsequent call to BeginTable()!
+ImGuiTableSortSpecs* ImGui::TableGetSortSpecs()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL);
+
+    if (!(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable))
+        return NULL;
+
+    // Require layout (in case TableHeadersRow() hasn't been called) as it may alter IsSortSpecsDirty in some paths.
+    if (!table->IsLayoutLocked)
+        TableUpdateLayout(table);
+
+    TableSortSpecsBuild(table);
+
+    return &table->SortSpecs;
+}
+
+static inline ImGuiSortDirection TableGetColumnAvailSortDirection(ImGuiTableColumn* column, int n)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(n < column->SortDirectionsAvailCount);
+    return (column->SortDirectionsAvailList >> (n << 1)) & 0x03;
+}
+
+// Fix sort direction if currently set on a value which is unavailable (e.g. activating NoSortAscending/NoSortDescending)
+void ImGui::TableFixColumnSortDirection(ImGuiTable* table, ImGuiTableColumn* column)
+{
+    if (column->SortOrder == -1 || (column->SortDirectionsAvailMask & (1 << column->SortDirection)) != 0)
+        return;
+    column->SortDirection = (ImU8)TableGetColumnAvailSortDirection(column, 0);
+    table->IsSortSpecsDirty = true;
+}
+
+// Calculate next sort direction that would be set after clicking the column
+// - If the PreferSortDescending flag is set, we will default to a Descending direction on the first click.
+// - Note that the PreferSortAscending flag is never checked, it is essentially the default and therefore a no-op.
+IM_STATIC_ASSERT(ImGuiSortDirection_None == 0 && ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending == 1 && ImGuiSortDirection_Descending == 2);
+ImGuiSortDirection ImGui::TableGetColumnNextSortDirection(ImGuiTableColumn* column)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(column->SortDirectionsAvailCount > 0);
+    if (column->SortOrder == -1)
+        return TableGetColumnAvailSortDirection(column, 0);
+    for (int n = 0; n < 3; n++)
+        if (column->SortDirection == TableGetColumnAvailSortDirection(column, n))
+            return TableGetColumnAvailSortDirection(column, (n + 1) % column->SortDirectionsAvailCount);
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return ImGuiSortDirection_None;
+}
+
+// Note that the NoSortAscending/NoSortDescending flags are processed in TableSortSpecsSanitize(), and they may change/revert
+// the value of SortDirection. We could technically also do it here but it would be unnecessary and duplicate code.
+void ImGui::TableSetColumnSortDirection(int column_n, ImGuiSortDirection sort_direction, bool append_to_sort_specs)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+
+    if (!(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti))
+        append_to_sort_specs = false;
+    if (!(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate))
+        IM_ASSERT(sort_direction != ImGuiSortDirection_None);
+
+    ImGuiTableColumnIdx sort_order_max = 0;
+    if (append_to_sort_specs)
+        for (int other_column_n = 0; other_column_n < table->ColumnsCount; other_column_n++)
+            sort_order_max = ImMax(sort_order_max, table->Columns[other_column_n].SortOrder);
+
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+    column->SortDirection = (ImU8)sort_direction;
+    if (column->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_None)
+        column->SortOrder = -1;
+    else if (column->SortOrder == -1 || !append_to_sort_specs)
+        column->SortOrder = append_to_sort_specs ? sort_order_max + 1 : 0;
+
+    for (int other_column_n = 0; other_column_n < table->ColumnsCount; other_column_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* other_column = &table->Columns[other_column_n];
+        if (other_column != column && !append_to_sort_specs)
+            other_column->SortOrder = -1;
+        TableFixColumnSortDirection(table, other_column);
+    }
+    table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+    table->IsSortSpecsDirty = true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableSortSpecsSanitize(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable);
+
+    // Clear SortOrder from hidden column and verify that there's no gap or duplicate.
+    int sort_order_count = 0;
+    ImU64 sort_order_mask = 0x00;
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+        if (column->SortOrder != -1 && !column->IsEnabled)
+            column->SortOrder = -1;
+        if (column->SortOrder == -1)
+            continue;
+        sort_order_count++;
+        sort_order_mask |= ((ImU64)1 << column->SortOrder);
+        IM_ASSERT(sort_order_count < (int)sizeof(sort_order_mask) * 8);
+    }
+
+    const bool need_fix_linearize = ((ImU64)1 << sort_order_count) != (sort_order_mask + 1);
+    const bool need_fix_single_sort_order = (sort_order_count > 1) && !(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SortMulti);
+    if (need_fix_linearize || need_fix_single_sort_order)
+    {
+        ImU64 fixed_mask = 0x00;
+        for (int sort_n = 0; sort_n < sort_order_count; sort_n++)
+        {
+            // Fix: Rewrite sort order fields if needed so they have no gap or duplicate.
+            // (e.g. SortOrder 0 disappeared, SortOrder 1..2 exists --> rewrite then as SortOrder 0..1)
+            int column_with_smallest_sort_order = -1;
+            for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+                if ((fixed_mask & ((ImU64)1 << (ImU64)column_n)) == 0 && table->Columns[column_n].SortOrder != -1)
+                    if (column_with_smallest_sort_order == -1 || table->Columns[column_n].SortOrder < table->Columns[column_with_smallest_sort_order].SortOrder)
+                        column_with_smallest_sort_order = column_n;
+            IM_ASSERT(column_with_smallest_sort_order != -1);
+            fixed_mask |= ((ImU64)1 << column_with_smallest_sort_order);
+            table->Columns[column_with_smallest_sort_order].SortOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)sort_n;
+
+            // Fix: Make sure only one column has a SortOrder if ImGuiTableFlags_MultiSortable is not set.
+            if (need_fix_single_sort_order)
+            {
+                sort_order_count = 1;
+                for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+                    if (column_n != column_with_smallest_sort_order)
+                        table->Columns[column_n].SortOrder = -1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Fallback default sort order (if no column had the ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultSort flag)
+    if (sort_order_count == 0 && !(table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SortTristate))
+        for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+            if (column->IsEnabled && !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort))
+            {
+                sort_order_count = 1;
+                column->SortOrder = 0;
+                column->SortDirection = (ImU8)TableGetColumnAvailSortDirection(column, 0);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+    table->SortSpecsCount = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)sort_order_count;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableSortSpecsBuild(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    bool dirty = table->IsSortSpecsDirty;
+    if (dirty)
+    {
+        TableSortSpecsSanitize(table);
+        table->SortSpecsMulti.resize(table->SortSpecsCount <= 1 ? 0 : table->SortSpecsCount);
+        table->SortSpecs.SpecsDirty = true; // Mark as dirty for user
+        table->IsSortSpecsDirty = false; // Mark as not dirty for us
+    }
+
+    // Write output
+    ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs* sort_specs = (table->SortSpecsCount == 0) ? NULL : (table->SortSpecsCount == 1) ? &table->SortSpecsSingle : table->SortSpecsMulti.Data;
+    if (dirty && sort_specs != NULL)
+        for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+            if (column->SortOrder == -1)
+                continue;
+            IM_ASSERT(column->SortOrder < table->SortSpecsCount);
+            ImGuiTableColumnSortSpecs* sort_spec = &sort_specs[column->SortOrder];
+            sort_spec->ColumnUserID = column->UserID;
+            sort_spec->ColumnIndex = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+            sort_spec->SortOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column->SortOrder;
+            sort_spec->SortDirection = column->SortDirection;
+        }
+
+    table->SortSpecs.Specs = sort_specs;
+    table->SortSpecs.SpecsCount = table->SortSpecsCount;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Headers
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableGetHeaderRowHeight() [Internal]
+// - TableHeadersRow()
+// - TableHeader()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+float ImGui::TableGetHeaderRowHeight()
+{
+    // Caring for a minor edge case:
+    // Calculate row height, for the unlikely case that some labels may be taller than others.
+    // If we didn't do that, uneven header height would highlight but smaller one before the tallest wouldn't catch input for all height.
+    // In your custom header row you may omit this all together and just call TableNextRow() without a height...
+    float row_height = GetTextLineHeight();
+    int columns_count = TableGetColumnCount();
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < columns_count; column_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumnFlags flags = TableGetColumnFlags(column_n);
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_IsEnabled) && !(flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHeaderLabel))
+            row_height = ImMax(row_height, CalcTextSize(TableGetColumnName(column_n)).y);
+    }
+    row_height += GetStyle().CellPadding.y * 2.0f;
+    return row_height;
+}
+
+// [Public] This is a helper to output TableHeader() calls based on the column names declared in TableSetupColumn().
+// The intent is that advanced users willing to create customized headers would not need to use this helper
+// and can create their own! For example: TableHeader() may be preceeded by Checkbox() or other custom widgets.
+// See 'Demo->Tables->Custom headers' for a demonstration of implementing a custom version of this.
+// This code is constructed to not make much use of internal functions, as it is intended to be a template to copy.
+// FIXME-TABLE: TableOpenContextMenu() and TableGetHeaderRowHeight() are not public.
+void ImGui::TableHeadersRow()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL && "Need to call TableHeadersRow() after BeginTable()!");
+
+    // Layout if not already done (this is automatically done by TableNextRow, we do it here solely to facilitate stepping in debugger as it is frequent to step in TableUpdateLayout)
+    if (!table->IsLayoutLocked)
+        TableUpdateLayout(table);
+
+    // Open row
+    const float row_y1 = GetCursorScreenPos().y;
+    const float row_height = TableGetHeaderRowHeight();
+    TableNextRow(ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers, row_height);
+    if (table->HostSkipItems) // Merely an optimization, you may skip in your own code.
+        return;
+
+    const int columns_count = TableGetColumnCount();
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < columns_count; column_n++)
+    {
+        if (!TableSetColumnIndex(column_n))
+            continue;
+
+        // Push an id to allow unnamed labels (generally accidental, but let's behave nicely with them)
+        // In your own code you may omit the PushID/PopID all-together, provided you know they won't collide.
+        const char* name = (TableGetColumnFlags(column_n) & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHeaderLabel) ? "" : TableGetColumnName(column_n);
+        PushID(column_n);
+        TableHeader(name);
+        PopID();
+    }
+
+    // Allow opening popup from the right-most section after the last column.
+    ImVec2 mouse_pos = ImGui::GetMousePos();
+    if (IsMouseReleased(1) && TableGetHoveredColumn() == columns_count)
+        if (mouse_pos.y >= row_y1 && mouse_pos.y < row_y1 + row_height)
+            TableOpenContextMenu(-1); // Will open a non-column-specific popup.
+}
+
+// Emit a column header (text + optional sort order)
+// We cpu-clip text here so that all columns headers can be merged into a same draw call.
+// Note that because of how we cpu-clip and display sorting indicators, you _cannot_ use SameLine() after a TableHeader()
+void ImGui::TableHeader(const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    IM_ASSERT(table != NULL && "Need to call TableHeader() after BeginTable()!");
+    IM_ASSERT(table->CurrentColumn != -1);
+    const int column_n = table->CurrentColumn;
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+
+    // Label
+    if (label == NULL)
+        label = "";
+    const char* label_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+    ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, label_end, true);
+    ImVec2 label_pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+
+    // If we already got a row height, there's use that.
+    // FIXME-TABLE: Padding problem if the correct outer-padding CellBgRect strays off our ClipRect?
+    ImRect cell_r = TableGetCellBgRect(table, column_n);
+    float label_height = ImMax(label_size.y, table->RowMinHeight - table->CellPaddingY * 2.0f);
+
+    // Calculate ideal size for sort order arrow
+    float w_arrow = 0.0f;
+    float w_sort_text = 0.0f;
+    char sort_order_suf[4] = "";
+    const float ARROW_SCALE = 0.65f;
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable) && !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort))
+    {
+        w_arrow = ImFloor(g.FontSize * ARROW_SCALE + g.Style.FramePadding.x);
+        if (column->SortOrder > 0)
+        {
+            ImFormatString(sort_order_suf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(sort_order_suf), "%d", column->SortOrder + 1);
+            w_sort_text = g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + CalcTextSize(sort_order_suf).x;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // We feed our unclipped width to the column without writing on CursorMaxPos, so that column is still considering for merging.
+    float max_pos_x = label_pos.x + label_size.x + w_sort_text + w_arrow;
+    column->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed = ImMax(column->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed, column->WorkMaxX);
+    column->ContentMaxXHeadersIdeal = ImMax(column->ContentMaxXHeadersIdeal, max_pos_x);
+
+    // Keep header highlighted when context menu is open.
+    const bool selected = (table->IsContextPopupOpen && table->ContextPopupColumn == column_n && table->InstanceInteracted == table->InstanceCurrent);
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    ImRect bb(cell_r.Min.x, cell_r.Min.y, cell_r.Max.x, ImMax(cell_r.Max.y, cell_r.Min.y + label_height + g.Style.CellPadding.y * 2.0f));
+    ItemSize(ImVec2(0.0f, label_height)); // Don't declare unclipped width, it'll be fed ContentMaxPosHeadersIdeal
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+        return;
+
+    //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(cell_r.Min, cell_r.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255)); // [DEBUG]
+    //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255)); // [DEBUG]
+
+    // Using AllowItemOverlap mode because we cover the whole cell, and we want user to be able to submit subsequent items.
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+    if (g.ActiveId != id)
+        SetItemAllowOverlap();
+    if (held || hovered || selected)
+    {
+        const ImU32 col = GetColorU32(held ? ImGuiCol_HeaderActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered : ImGuiCol_Header);
+        //RenderFrame(bb.Min, bb.Max, col, false, 0.0f);
+        TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg, col, table->CurrentColumn);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Submit single cell bg color in the case we didn't submit a full header row
+        if ((table->RowFlags & ImGuiTableRowFlags_Headers) == 0)
+            TableSetBgColor(ImGuiTableBgTarget_CellBg, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg), table->CurrentColumn);
+    }
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id, ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeThin | ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_NoRounding);
+    if (held)
+        table->HeldHeaderColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y -= g.Style.ItemSpacing.y * 0.5f;
+
+    // Drag and drop to re-order columns.
+    // FIXME-TABLE: Scroll request while reordering a column and it lands out of the scrolling zone.
+    if (held && (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable) && IsMouseDragging(0) && !g.DragDropActive)
+    {
+        // While moving a column it will jump on the other side of the mouse, so we also test for MouseDelta.x
+        table->ReorderColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        table->InstanceInteracted = table->InstanceCurrent;
+
+        // We don't reorder: through the frozen<>unfrozen line, or through a column that is marked with ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoReorder.
+        if (g.IO.MouseDelta.x < 0.0f && g.IO.MousePos.x < cell_r.Min.x)
+            if (ImGuiTableColumn* prev_column = (column->PrevEnabledColumn != -1) ? &table->Columns[column->PrevEnabledColumn] : NULL)
+                if (!((column->Flags | prev_column->Flags) & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoReorder))
+                    if ((column->IndexWithinEnabledSet < table->FreezeColumnsRequest) == (prev_column->IndexWithinEnabledSet < table->FreezeColumnsRequest))
+                        table->ReorderColumnDir = -1;
+        if (g.IO.MouseDelta.x > 0.0f && g.IO.MousePos.x > cell_r.Max.x)
+            if (ImGuiTableColumn* next_column = (column->NextEnabledColumn != -1) ? &table->Columns[column->NextEnabledColumn] : NULL)
+                if (!((column->Flags | next_column->Flags) & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoReorder))
+                    if ((column->IndexWithinEnabledSet < table->FreezeColumnsRequest) == (next_column->IndexWithinEnabledSet < table->FreezeColumnsRequest))
+                        table->ReorderColumnDir = +1;
+    }
+
+    // Sort order arrow
+    const float ellipsis_max = cell_r.Max.x - w_arrow - w_sort_text;
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable) && !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort))
+    {
+        if (column->SortOrder != -1)
+        {
+            float x = ImMax(cell_r.Min.x, cell_r.Max.x - w_arrow - w_sort_text);
+            float y = label_pos.y;
+            if (column->SortOrder > 0)
+            {
+                PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text, 0.70f));
+                RenderText(ImVec2(x + g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, y), sort_order_suf);
+                PopStyleColor();
+                x += w_sort_text;
+            }
+            RenderArrow(window->DrawList, ImVec2(x, y), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), column->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending ? ImGuiDir_Up : ImGuiDir_Down, ARROW_SCALE);
+        }
+
+        // Handle clicking on column header to adjust Sort Order
+        if (pressed && table->ReorderColumn != column_n)
+        {
+            ImGuiSortDirection sort_direction = TableGetColumnNextSortDirection(column);
+            TableSetColumnSortDirection(column_n, sort_direction, g.IO.KeyShift);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Render clipped label. Clipping here ensure that in the majority of situations, all our header cells will
+    // be merged into a single draw call.
+    //window->DrawList->AddCircleFilled(ImVec2(ellipsis_max, label_pos.y), 40, IM_COL32_WHITE);
+    RenderTextEllipsis(window->DrawList, label_pos, ImVec2(ellipsis_max, label_pos.y + label_height + g.Style.FramePadding.y), ellipsis_max, ellipsis_max, label, label_end, &label_size);
+
+    const bool text_clipped = label_size.x > (ellipsis_max - label_pos.x);
+    if (text_clipped && hovered && g.ActiveId == 0 && IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayNormal))
+        SetTooltip("%.*s", (int)(label_end - label), label);
+
+    // We don't use BeginPopupContextItem() because we want the popup to stay up even after the column is hidden
+    if (IsMouseReleased(1) && IsItemHovered())
+        TableOpenContextMenu(column_n);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Context Menu
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableOpenContextMenu() [Internal]
+// - TableDrawContextMenu() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Use -1 to open menu not specific to a given column.
+void ImGui::TableOpenContextMenu(int column_n)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable;
+    if (column_n == -1 && table->CurrentColumn != -1)   // When called within a column automatically use this one (for consistency)
+        column_n = table->CurrentColumn;
+    if (column_n == table->ColumnsCount)                // To facilitate using with TableGetHoveredColumn()
+        column_n = -1;
+    IM_ASSERT(column_n >= -1 && column_n < table->ColumnsCount);
+    if (table->Flags & (ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable | ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable))
+    {
+        table->IsContextPopupOpen = true;
+        table->ContextPopupColumn = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        table->InstanceInteracted = table->InstanceCurrent;
+        const ImGuiID context_menu_id = ImHashStr("##ContextMenu", 0, table->ID);
+        OpenPopupEx(context_menu_id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None);
+    }
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TableBeginContextMenuPopup(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    if (!table->IsContextPopupOpen || table->InstanceCurrent != table->InstanceInteracted)
+        return false;
+    const ImGuiID context_menu_id = ImHashStr("##ContextMenu", 0, table->ID);
+    if (BeginPopupEx(context_menu_id, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings))
+        return true;
+    table->IsContextPopupOpen = false;
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Output context menu into current window (generally a popup)
+// FIXME-TABLE: Ideally this should be writable by the user. Full programmatic access to that data?
+void ImGui::TableDrawContextMenu(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    bool want_separator = false;
+    const int column_n = (table->ContextPopupColumn >= 0 && table->ContextPopupColumn < table->ColumnsCount) ? table->ContextPopupColumn : -1;
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = (column_n != -1) ? &table->Columns[column_n] : NULL;
+
+    // Sizing
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable)
+    {
+        if (column != NULL)
+        {
+            const bool can_resize = !(column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize) && column->IsEnabled;
+            if (MenuItem(LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeOne), NULL, false, can_resize)) // "###SizeOne"
+                TableSetColumnWidthAutoSingle(table, column_n);
+        }
+
+        const char* size_all_desc;
+        if (table->ColumnsEnabledFixedCount == table->ColumnsEnabledCount && (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_) != ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame)
+            size_all_desc = LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeAllFit);        // "###SizeAll" All fixed
+        else
+            size_all_desc = LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_TableSizeAllDefault);    // "###SizeAll" All stretch or mixed
+        if (MenuItem(size_all_desc, NULL))
+            TableSetColumnWidthAutoAll(table);
+        want_separator = true;
+    }
+
+    // Ordering
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable)
+    {
+        if (MenuItem(LocalizeGetMsg(ImGuiLocKey_TableResetOrder), NULL, false, !table->IsDefaultDisplayOrder))
+            table->IsResetDisplayOrderRequest = true;
+        want_separator = true;
+    }
+
+    // Reset all (should work but seems unnecessary/noisy to expose?)
+    //if (MenuItem("Reset all"))
+    //    table->IsResetAllRequest = true;
+
+    // Sorting
+    // (modify TableOpenContextMenu() to add _Sortable flag if enabling this)
+#if 0
+    if ((table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable) && column != NULL && (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSort) == 0)
+    {
+        if (want_separator)
+            Separator();
+        want_separator = true;
+
+        bool append_to_sort_specs = g.IO.KeyShift;
+        if (MenuItem("Sort in Ascending Order", NULL, column->SortOrder != -1 && column->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending, (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortAscending) == 0))
+            TableSetColumnSortDirection(table, column_n, ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending, append_to_sort_specs);
+        if (MenuItem("Sort in Descending Order", NULL, column->SortOrder != -1 && column->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Descending, (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoSortDescending) == 0))
+            TableSetColumnSortDirection(table, column_n, ImGuiSortDirection_Descending, append_to_sort_specs);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Hiding / Visibility
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable)
+    {
+        if (want_separator)
+            Separator();
+        want_separator = true;
+
+        PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_SelectableDontClosePopup, true);
+        for (int other_column_n = 0; other_column_n < table->ColumnsCount; other_column_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTableColumn* other_column = &table->Columns[other_column_n];
+            if (other_column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_Disabled)
+                continue;
+
+            const char* name = TableGetColumnName(table, other_column_n);
+            if (name == NULL || name[0] == 0)
+                name = "<Unknown>";
+
+            // Make sure we can't hide the last active column
+            bool menu_item_active = (other_column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoHide) ? false : true;
+            if (other_column->IsUserEnabled && table->ColumnsEnabledCount <= 1)
+                menu_item_active = false;
+            if (MenuItem(name, NULL, other_column->IsUserEnabled, menu_item_active))
+                other_column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame = !other_column->IsUserEnabled;
+        }
+        PopItemFlag();
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Settings (.ini data)
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FIXME: The binding/finding/creating flow are too confusing.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableSettingsInit() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsCalcChunkSize() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsCreate() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsFindByID() [Internal]
+// - TableGetBoundSettings() [Internal]
+// - TableResetSettings()
+// - TableSaveSettings() [Internal]
+// - TableLoadSettings() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsHandler_ClearAll() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsHandler_ApplyAll() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsHandler_ReadOpen() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsHandler_ReadLine() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsHandler_WriteAll() [Internal]
+// - TableSettingsInstallHandler() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [Init] 1: TableSettingsHandler_ReadXXXX()   Load and parse .ini file into TableSettings.
+// [Main] 2: TableLoadSettings()               When table is created, bind Table to TableSettings, serialize TableSettings data into Table.
+// [Main] 3: TableSaveSettings()               When table properties are modified, serialize Table data into bound or new TableSettings, mark .ini as dirty.
+// [Main] 4: TableSettingsHandler_WriteAll()   When .ini file is dirty (which can come from other source), save TableSettings into .ini file.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Clear and initialize empty settings instance
+static void TableSettingsInit(ImGuiTableSettings* settings, ImGuiID id, int columns_count, int columns_count_max)
+{
+    IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(settings) ImGuiTableSettings();
+    ImGuiTableColumnSettings* settings_column = settings->GetColumnSettings();
+    for (int n = 0; n < columns_count_max; n++, settings_column++)
+        IM_PLACEMENT_NEW(settings_column) ImGuiTableColumnSettings();
+    settings->ID = id;
+    settings->ColumnsCount = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)columns_count;
+    settings->ColumnsCountMax = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)columns_count_max;
+    settings->WantApply = true;
+}
+
+static size_t TableSettingsCalcChunkSize(int columns_count)
+{
+    return sizeof(ImGuiTableSettings) + (size_t)columns_count * sizeof(ImGuiTableColumnSettings);
+}
+
+ImGuiTableSettings* ImGui::TableSettingsCreate(ImGuiID id, int columns_count)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTableSettings* settings = g.SettingsTables.alloc_chunk(TableSettingsCalcChunkSize(columns_count));
+    TableSettingsInit(settings, id, columns_count, columns_count);
+    return settings;
+}
+
+// Find existing settings
+ImGuiTableSettings* ImGui::TableSettingsFindByID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    // FIXME-OPT: Might want to store a lookup map for this?
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    for (ImGuiTableSettings* settings = g.SettingsTables.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsTables.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (settings->ID == id)
+            return settings;
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Get settings for a given table, NULL if none
+ImGuiTableSettings* ImGui::TableGetBoundSettings(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    if (table->SettingsOffset != -1)
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        ImGuiTableSettings* settings = g.SettingsTables.ptr_from_offset(table->SettingsOffset);
+        IM_ASSERT(settings->ID == table->ID);
+        if (settings->ColumnsCountMax >= table->ColumnsCount)
+            return settings; // OK
+        settings->ID = 0; // Invalidate storage, we won't fit because of a count change
+    }
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Restore initial state of table (with or without saved settings)
+void ImGui::TableResetSettings(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    table->IsInitializing = table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+    table->IsResetAllRequest = false;
+    table->IsSettingsRequestLoad = false;                   // Don't reload from ini
+    table->SettingsLoadedFlags = ImGuiTableFlags_None;      // Mark as nothing loaded so our initialized data becomes authoritative
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableSaveSettings(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    table->IsSettingsDirty = false;
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings)
+        return;
+
+    // Bind or create settings data
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiTableSettings* settings = TableGetBoundSettings(table);
+    if (settings == NULL)
+    {
+        settings = TableSettingsCreate(table->ID, table->ColumnsCount);
+        table->SettingsOffset = g.SettingsTables.offset_from_ptr(settings);
+    }
+    settings->ColumnsCount = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)table->ColumnsCount;
+
+    // Serialize ImGuiTable/ImGuiTableColumn into ImGuiTableSettings/ImGuiTableColumnSettings
+    IM_ASSERT(settings->ID == table->ID);
+    IM_ASSERT(settings->ColumnsCount == table->ColumnsCount && settings->ColumnsCountMax >= settings->ColumnsCount);
+    ImGuiTableColumn* column = table->Columns.Data;
+    ImGuiTableColumnSettings* column_settings = settings->GetColumnSettings();
+
+    bool save_ref_scale = false;
+    settings->SaveFlags = ImGuiTableFlags_None;
+    for (int n = 0; n < table->ColumnsCount; n++, column++, column_settings++)
+    {
+        const float width_or_weight = (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch) ? column->StretchWeight : column->WidthRequest;
+        column_settings->WidthOrWeight = width_or_weight;
+        column_settings->Index = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)n;
+        column_settings->DisplayOrder = column->DisplayOrder;
+        column_settings->SortOrder = column->SortOrder;
+        column_settings->SortDirection = column->SortDirection;
+        column_settings->IsEnabled = column->IsUserEnabled;
+        column_settings->IsStretch = (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch) ? 1 : 0;
+        if ((column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch) == 0)
+            save_ref_scale = true;
+
+        // We skip saving some data in the .ini file when they are unnecessary to restore our state.
+        // Note that fixed width where initial width was derived from auto-fit will always be saved as InitStretchWeightOrWidth will be 0.0f.
+        // FIXME-TABLE: We don't have logic to easily compare SortOrder to DefaultSortOrder yet so it's always saved when present.
+        if (width_or_weight != column->InitStretchWeightOrWidth)
+            settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable;
+        if (column->DisplayOrder != n)
+            settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable;
+        if (column->SortOrder != -1)
+            settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable;
+        if (column->IsUserEnabled != ((column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_DefaultHide) == 0))
+            settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable;
+    }
+    settings->SaveFlags &= table->Flags;
+    settings->RefScale = save_ref_scale ? table->RefScale : 0.0f;
+
+    MarkIniSettingsDirty();
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableLoadSettings(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    table->IsSettingsRequestLoad = false;
+    if (table->Flags & ImGuiTableFlags_NoSavedSettings)
+        return;
+
+    // Bind settings
+    ImGuiTableSettings* settings;
+    if (table->SettingsOffset == -1)
+    {
+        settings = TableSettingsFindByID(table->ID);
+        if (settings == NULL)
+            return;
+        if (settings->ColumnsCount != table->ColumnsCount) // Allow settings if columns count changed. We could otherwise decide to return...
+            table->IsSettingsDirty = true;
+        table->SettingsOffset = g.SettingsTables.offset_from_ptr(settings);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        settings = TableGetBoundSettings(table);
+    }
+
+    table->SettingsLoadedFlags = settings->SaveFlags;
+    table->RefScale = settings->RefScale;
+
+    // Serialize ImGuiTableSettings/ImGuiTableColumnSettings into ImGuiTable/ImGuiTableColumn
+    ImGuiTableColumnSettings* column_settings = settings->GetColumnSettings();
+    ImU64 display_order_mask = 0;
+    for (int data_n = 0; data_n < settings->ColumnsCount; data_n++, column_settings++)
+    {
+        int column_n = column_settings->Index;
+        if (column_n < 0 || column_n >= table->ColumnsCount)
+            continue;
+
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[column_n];
+        if (settings->SaveFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable)
+        {
+            if (column_settings->IsStretch)
+                column->StretchWeight = column_settings->WidthOrWeight;
+            else
+                column->WidthRequest = column_settings->WidthOrWeight;
+            column->AutoFitQueue = 0x00;
+        }
+        if (settings->SaveFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable)
+            column->DisplayOrder = column_settings->DisplayOrder;
+        else
+            column->DisplayOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        display_order_mask |= (ImU64)1 << column->DisplayOrder;
+        column->IsUserEnabled = column->IsUserEnabledNextFrame = column_settings->IsEnabled;
+        column->SortOrder = column_settings->SortOrder;
+        column->SortDirection = column_settings->SortDirection;
+    }
+
+    // Validate and fix invalid display order data
+    const ImU64 expected_display_order_mask = (settings->ColumnsCount == 64) ? ~0 : ((ImU64)1 << settings->ColumnsCount) - 1;
+    if (display_order_mask != expected_display_order_mask)
+        for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+            table->Columns[column_n].DisplayOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+
+    // Rebuild index
+    for (int column_n = 0; column_n < table->ColumnsCount; column_n++)
+        table->DisplayOrderToIndex[table->Columns[column_n].DisplayOrder] = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+}
+
+static void TableSettingsHandler_ClearAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler*)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Tables.GetMapSize(); i++)
+        if (ImGuiTable* table = g.Tables.TryGetMapData(i))
+            table->SettingsOffset = -1;
+    g.SettingsTables.clear();
+}
+
+// Apply to existing windows (if any)
+static void TableSettingsHandler_ApplyAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler*)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (int i = 0; i != g.Tables.GetMapSize(); i++)
+        if (ImGuiTable* table = g.Tables.TryGetMapData(i))
+        {
+            table->IsSettingsRequestLoad = true;
+            table->SettingsOffset = -1;
+        }
+}
+
+static void* TableSettingsHandler_ReadOpen(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, const char* name)
+{
+    ImGuiID id = 0;
+    int columns_count = 0;
+    if (sscanf(name, "0x%08X,%d", &id, &columns_count) < 2)
+        return NULL;
+
+    if (ImGuiTableSettings* settings = ImGui::TableSettingsFindByID(id))
+    {
+        if (settings->ColumnsCountMax >= columns_count)
+        {
+            TableSettingsInit(settings, id, columns_count, settings->ColumnsCountMax); // Recycle
+            return settings;
+        }
+        settings->ID = 0; // Invalidate storage, we won't fit because of a count change
+    }
+    return ImGui::TableSettingsCreate(id, columns_count);
+}
+
+static void TableSettingsHandler_ReadLine(ImGuiContext*, ImGuiSettingsHandler*, void* entry, const char* line)
+{
+    // "Column 0  UserID=0x42AD2D21 Width=100 Visible=1 Order=0 Sort=0v"
+    ImGuiTableSettings* settings = (ImGuiTableSettings*)entry;
+    float f = 0.0f;
+    int column_n = 0, r = 0, n = 0;
+
+    if (sscanf(line, "RefScale=%f", &f) == 1) { settings->RefScale = f; return; }
+
+    if (sscanf(line, "Column %d%n", &column_n, &r) == 1)
+    {
+        if (column_n < 0 || column_n >= settings->ColumnsCount)
+            return;
+        line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + r);
+        char c = 0;
+        ImGuiTableColumnSettings* column = settings->GetColumnSettings() + column_n;
+        column->Index = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)column_n;
+        if (sscanf(line, "UserID=0x%08X%n", (ImU32*)&n, &r)==1) { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + r); column->UserID = (ImGuiID)n; }
+        if (sscanf(line, "Width=%d%n", &n, &r) == 1)            { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + r); column->WidthOrWeight = (float)n; column->IsStretch = 0; settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable; }
+        if (sscanf(line, "Weight=%f%n", &f, &r) == 1)           { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + r); column->WidthOrWeight = f; column->IsStretch = 1; settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable; }
+        if (sscanf(line, "Visible=%d%n", &n, &r) == 1)          { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + r); column->IsEnabled = (ImU8)n; settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable; }
+        if (sscanf(line, "Order=%d%n", &n, &r) == 1)            { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + r); column->DisplayOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)n; settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable; }
+        if (sscanf(line, "Sort=%d%c%n", &n, &c, &r) == 2)       { line = ImStrSkipBlank(line + r); column->SortOrder = (ImGuiTableColumnIdx)n; column->SortDirection = (c == '^') ? ImGuiSortDirection_Descending : ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending; settings->SaveFlags |= ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable; }
+    }
+}
+
+static void TableSettingsHandler_WriteAll(ImGuiContext* ctx, ImGuiSettingsHandler* handler, ImGuiTextBuffer* buf)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    for (ImGuiTableSettings* settings = g.SettingsTables.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsTables.next_chunk(settings))
+    {
+        if (settings->ID == 0) // Skip ditched settings
+            continue;
+
+        // TableSaveSettings() may clear some of those flags when we establish that the data can be stripped
+        // (e.g. Order was unchanged)
+        const bool save_size    = (settings->SaveFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable) != 0;
+        const bool save_visible = (settings->SaveFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Hideable) != 0;
+        const bool save_order   = (settings->SaveFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Reorderable) != 0;
+        const bool save_sort    = (settings->SaveFlags & ImGuiTableFlags_Sortable) != 0;
+        if (!save_size && !save_visible && !save_order && !save_sort)
+            continue;
+
+        buf->reserve(buf->size() + 30 + settings->ColumnsCount * 50); // ballpark reserve
+        buf->appendf("[%s][0x%08X,%d]\n", handler->TypeName, settings->ID, settings->ColumnsCount);
+        if (settings->RefScale != 0.0f)
+            buf->appendf("RefScale=%g\n", settings->RefScale);
+        ImGuiTableColumnSettings* column = settings->GetColumnSettings();
+        for (int column_n = 0; column_n < settings->ColumnsCount; column_n++, column++)
+        {
+            // "Column 0  UserID=0x42AD2D21 Width=100 Visible=1 Order=0 Sort=0v"
+            bool save_column = column->UserID != 0 || save_size || save_visible || save_order || (save_sort && column->SortOrder != -1);
+            if (!save_column)
+                continue;
+            buf->appendf("Column %-2d", column_n);
+            if (column->UserID != 0)                    buf->appendf(" UserID=%08X", column->UserID);
+            if (save_size && column->IsStretch)         buf->appendf(" Weight=%.4f", column->WidthOrWeight);
+            if (save_size && !column->IsStretch)        buf->appendf(" Width=%d", (int)column->WidthOrWeight);
+            if (save_visible)                           buf->appendf(" Visible=%d", column->IsEnabled);
+            if (save_order)                             buf->appendf(" Order=%d", column->DisplayOrder);
+            if (save_sort && column->SortOrder != -1)   buf->appendf(" Sort=%d%c", column->SortOrder, (column->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending) ? 'v' : '^');
+            buf->append("\n");
+        }
+        buf->append("\n");
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableSettingsAddSettingsHandler()
+{
+    ImGuiSettingsHandler ini_handler;
+    ini_handler.TypeName = "Table";
+    ini_handler.TypeHash = ImHashStr("Table");
+    ini_handler.ClearAllFn = TableSettingsHandler_ClearAll;
+    ini_handler.ReadOpenFn = TableSettingsHandler_ReadOpen;
+    ini_handler.ReadLineFn = TableSettingsHandler_ReadLine;
+    ini_handler.ApplyAllFn = TableSettingsHandler_ApplyAll;
+    ini_handler.WriteAllFn = TableSettingsHandler_WriteAll;
+    AddSettingsHandler(&ini_handler);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Garbage Collection
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TableRemove() [Internal]
+// - TableGcCompactTransientBuffers() [Internal]
+// - TableGcCompactSettings() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Remove Table (currently only used by TestEngine)
+void ImGui::TableRemove(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINT("TableRemove() id=0x%08X\n", table->ID);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    int table_idx = g.Tables.GetIndex(table);
+    //memset(table->RawData.Data, 0, table->RawData.size_in_bytes());
+    //memset(table, 0, sizeof(ImGuiTable));
+    g.Tables.Remove(table->ID, table);
+    g.TablesLastTimeActive[table_idx] = -1.0f;
+}
+
+// Free up/compact internal Table buffers for when it gets unused
+void ImGui::TableGcCompactTransientBuffers(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    //IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINT("TableGcCompactTransientBuffers() id=0x%08X\n", table->ID);
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(table->MemoryCompacted == false);
+    table->SortSpecs.Specs = NULL;
+    table->SortSpecsMulti.clear();
+    table->IsSortSpecsDirty = true; // FIXME: shouldn't have to leak into user performing a sort
+    table->ColumnsNames.clear();
+    table->MemoryCompacted = true;
+    for (int n = 0; n < table->ColumnsCount; n++)
+        table->Columns[n].NameOffset = -1;
+    g.TablesLastTimeActive[g.Tables.GetIndex(table)] = -1.0f;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TableGcCompactTransientBuffers(ImGuiTableTempData* temp_data)
+{
+    temp_data->DrawSplitter.ClearFreeMemory();
+    temp_data->LastTimeActive = -1.0f;
+}
+
+// Compact and remove unused settings data (currently only used by TestEngine)
+void ImGui::TableGcCompactSettings()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    int required_memory = 0;
+    for (ImGuiTableSettings* settings = g.SettingsTables.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsTables.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (settings->ID != 0)
+            required_memory += (int)TableSettingsCalcChunkSize(settings->ColumnsCount);
+    if (required_memory == g.SettingsTables.Buf.Size)
+        return;
+    ImChunkStream<ImGuiTableSettings> new_chunk_stream;
+    new_chunk_stream.Buf.reserve(required_memory);
+    for (ImGuiTableSettings* settings = g.SettingsTables.begin(); settings != NULL; settings = g.SettingsTables.next_chunk(settings))
+        if (settings->ID != 0)
+            memcpy(new_chunk_stream.alloc_chunk(TableSettingsCalcChunkSize(settings->ColumnsCount)), settings, TableSettingsCalcChunkSize(settings->ColumnsCount));
+    g.SettingsTables.swap(new_chunk_stream);
+}
+
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Tables: Debugging
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DebugNodeTable() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+
+static const char* DebugNodeTableGetSizingPolicyDesc(ImGuiTableFlags sizing_policy)
+{
+    sizing_policy &= ImGuiTableFlags_SizingMask_;
+    if (sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedFit)    { return "FixedFit"; }
+    if (sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingFixedSame)   { return "FixedSame"; }
+    if (sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchProp) { return "StretchProp"; }
+    if (sizing_policy == ImGuiTableFlags_SizingStretchSame) { return "StretchSame"; }
+    return "N/A";
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeTable(ImGuiTable* table)
+{
+    char buf[512];
+    char* p = buf;
+    const char* buf_end = buf + IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf);
+    const bool is_active = (table->LastFrameActive >= ImGui::GetFrameCount() - 2); // Note that fully clipped early out scrolling tables will appear as inactive here.
+    ImFormatString(p, buf_end - p, "Table 0x%08X (%d columns, in '%s')%s", table->ID, table->ColumnsCount, table->OuterWindow->Name, is_active ? "" : " *Inactive*");
+    if (!is_active) { PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, GetStyleColorVec4(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled)); }
+    bool open = TreeNode(table, "%s", buf);
+    if (!is_active) { PopStyleColor(); }
+    if (IsItemHovered())
+        GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(table->OuterRect.Min, table->OuterRect.Max, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+    if (IsItemVisible() && table->HoveredColumnBody != -1)
+        GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(GetItemRectMin(), GetItemRectMax(), IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+    if (!open)
+        return;
+    if (table->InstanceCurrent > 0)
+        ImGui::Text("** %d instances of same table! Some data below will refer to last instance.", table->InstanceCurrent + 1);
+    bool clear_settings = SmallButton("Clear settings");
+    BulletText("OuterRect: Pos: (%.1f,%.1f) Size: (%.1f,%.1f) Sizing: '%s'", table->OuterRect.Min.x, table->OuterRect.Min.y, table->OuterRect.GetWidth(), table->OuterRect.GetHeight(), DebugNodeTableGetSizingPolicyDesc(table->Flags));
+    BulletText("ColumnsGivenWidth: %.1f, ColumnsAutoFitWidth: %.1f, InnerWidth: %.1f%s", table->ColumnsGivenWidth, table->ColumnsAutoFitWidth, table->InnerWidth, table->InnerWidth == 0.0f ? " (auto)" : "");
+    BulletText("CellPaddingX: %.1f, CellSpacingX: %.1f/%.1f, OuterPaddingX: %.1f", table->CellPaddingX, table->CellSpacingX1, table->CellSpacingX2, table->OuterPaddingX);
+    BulletText("HoveredColumnBody: %d, HoveredColumnBorder: %d", table->HoveredColumnBody, table->HoveredColumnBorder);
+    BulletText("ResizedColumn: %d, ReorderColumn: %d, HeldHeaderColumn: %d", table->ResizedColumn, table->ReorderColumn, table->HeldHeaderColumn);
+    //BulletText("BgDrawChannels: %d/%d", 0, table->BgDrawChannelUnfrozen);
+    float sum_weights = 0.0f;
+    for (int n = 0; n < table->ColumnsCount; n++)
+        if (table->Columns[n].Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch)
+            sum_weights += table->Columns[n].StretchWeight;
+    for (int n = 0; n < table->ColumnsCount; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumn* column = &table->Columns[n];
+        const char* name = TableGetColumnName(table, n);
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf),
+            "Column %d order %d '%s': offset %+.2f to %+.2f%s\n"
+            "Enabled: %d, VisibleX/Y: %d/%d, RequestOutput: %d, SkipItems: %d, DrawChannels: %d,%d\n"
+            "WidthGiven: %.1f, Request/Auto: %.1f/%.1f, StretchWeight: %.3f (%.1f%%)\n"
+            "MinX: %.1f, MaxX: %.1f (%+.1f), ClipRect: %.1f to %.1f (+%.1f)\n"
+            "ContentWidth: %.1f,%.1f, HeadersUsed/Ideal %.1f/%.1f\n"
+            "Sort: %d%s, UserID: 0x%08X, Flags: 0x%04X: %s%s%s..",
+            n, column->DisplayOrder, name, column->MinX - table->WorkRect.Min.x, column->MaxX - table->WorkRect.Min.x, (n < table->FreezeColumnsRequest) ? " (Frozen)" : "",
+            column->IsEnabled, column->IsVisibleX, column->IsVisibleY, column->IsRequestOutput, column->IsSkipItems, column->DrawChannelFrozen, column->DrawChannelUnfrozen,
+            column->WidthGiven, column->WidthRequest, column->WidthAuto, column->StretchWeight, column->StretchWeight > 0.0f ? (column->StretchWeight / sum_weights) * 100.0f : 0.0f,
+            column->MinX, column->MaxX, column->MaxX - column->MinX, column->ClipRect.Min.x, column->ClipRect.Max.x, column->ClipRect.Max.x - column->ClipRect.Min.x,
+            column->ContentMaxXFrozen - column->WorkMinX, column->ContentMaxXUnfrozen - column->WorkMinX, column->ContentMaxXHeadersUsed - column->WorkMinX, column->ContentMaxXHeadersIdeal - column->WorkMinX,
+            column->SortOrder, (column->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending) ? " (Asc)" : (column->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Descending) ? " (Des)" : "", column->UserID, column->Flags,
+            (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch) ? "WidthStretch " : "",
+            (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed) ? "WidthFixed " : "",
+            (column->Flags & ImGuiTableColumnFlags_NoResize) ? "NoResize " : "");
+        Bullet();
+        Selectable(buf);
+        if (IsItemHovered())
+        {
+            ImRect r(column->MinX, table->OuterRect.Min.y, column->MaxX, table->OuterRect.Max.y);
+            GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(r.Min, r.Max, IM_COL32(255, 255, 0, 255));
+        }
+    }
+    if (ImGuiTableSettings* settings = TableGetBoundSettings(table))
+        DebugNodeTableSettings(settings);
+    if (clear_settings)
+        table->IsResetAllRequest = true;
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeTableSettings(ImGuiTableSettings* settings)
+{
+    if (!TreeNode((void*)(intptr_t)settings->ID, "Settings 0x%08X (%d columns)", settings->ID, settings->ColumnsCount))
+        return;
+    BulletText("SaveFlags: 0x%08X", settings->SaveFlags);
+    BulletText("ColumnsCount: %d (max %d)", settings->ColumnsCount, settings->ColumnsCountMax);
+    for (int n = 0; n < settings->ColumnsCount; n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTableColumnSettings* column_settings = &settings->GetColumnSettings()[n];
+        ImGuiSortDirection sort_dir = (column_settings->SortOrder != -1) ? (ImGuiSortDirection)column_settings->SortDirection : ImGuiSortDirection_None;
+        BulletText("Column %d Order %d SortOrder %d %s Vis %d %s %7.3f UserID 0x%08X",
+            n, column_settings->DisplayOrder, column_settings->SortOrder,
+            (sort_dir == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending) ? "Asc" : (sort_dir == ImGuiSortDirection_Descending) ? "Des" : "---",
+            column_settings->IsEnabled, column_settings->IsStretch ? "Weight" : "Width ", column_settings->WidthOrWeight, column_settings->UserID);
+    }
+    TreePop();
+}
+
+#else // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeTable(ImGuiTable*) {}
+void ImGui::DebugNodeTableSettings(ImGuiTableSettings*) {}
+
+#endif
+
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Columns, BeginColumns, EndColumns, etc.
+// (This is a legacy API, prefer using BeginTable/EndTable!)
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// FIXME: sizing is lossy when columns width is very small (default width may turn negative etc.)
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel() [Internal]
+// - GetColumnIndex()
+// - GetColumnsCount()
+// - GetColumnOffset()
+// - GetColumnWidth()
+// - SetColumnOffset()
+// - SetColumnWidth()
+// - PushColumnClipRect() [Internal]
+// - PushColumnsBackground() [Internal]
+// - PopColumnsBackground() [Internal]
+// - FindOrCreateColumns() [Internal]
+// - GetColumnsID() [Internal]
+// - BeginColumns()
+// - NextColumn()
+// - EndColumns()
+// - Columns()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// [Internal] Small optimization to avoid calls to PopClipRect/SetCurrentChannel/PushClipRect in sequences,
+// they would meddle many times with the underlying ImDrawCmd.
+// Instead, we do a preemptive overwrite of clipping rectangle _without_ altering the command-buffer and let
+// the subsequent single call to SetCurrentChannel() does it things once.
+void ImGui::SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(ImGuiWindow* window, const ImRect& clip_rect)
+{
+    ImVec4 clip_rect_vec4 = clip_rect.ToVec4();
+    window->ClipRect = clip_rect;
+    window->DrawList->_CmdHeader.ClipRect = clip_rect_vec4;
+    window->DrawList->_ClipRectStack.Data[window->DrawList->_ClipRectStack.Size - 1] = clip_rect_vec4;
+}
+
+int ImGui::GetColumnIndex()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->DC.CurrentColumns ? window->DC.CurrentColumns->Current : 0;
+}
+
+int ImGui::GetColumnsCount()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    return window->DC.CurrentColumns ? window->DC.CurrentColumns->Count : 1;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetColumnOffsetFromNorm(const ImGuiOldColumns* columns, float offset_norm)
+{
+    return offset_norm * (columns->OffMaxX - columns->OffMinX);
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetColumnNormFromOffset(const ImGuiOldColumns* columns, float offset)
+{
+    return offset / (columns->OffMaxX - columns->OffMinX);
+}
+
+static const float COLUMNS_HIT_RECT_HALF_WIDTH = 4.0f;
+
+static float GetDraggedColumnOffset(ImGuiOldColumns* columns, int column_index)
+{
+    // Active (dragged) column always follow mouse. The reason we need this is that dragging a column to the right edge of an auto-resizing
+    // window creates a feedback loop because we store normalized positions. So while dragging we enforce absolute positioning.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(column_index > 0); // We are not supposed to drag column 0.
+    IM_ASSERT(g.ActiveId == columns->ID + ImGuiID(column_index));
+
+    float x = g.IO.MousePos.x - g.ActiveIdClickOffset.x + COLUMNS_HIT_RECT_HALF_WIDTH - window->Pos.x;
+    x = ImMax(x, ImGui::GetColumnOffset(column_index - 1) + g.Style.ColumnsMinSpacing);
+    if ((columns->Flags & ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoPreserveWidths))
+        x = ImMin(x, ImGui::GetColumnOffset(column_index + 1) - g.Style.ColumnsMinSpacing);
+
+    return x;
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetColumnOffset(int column_index)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    if (columns == NULL)
+        return 0.0f;
+
+    if (column_index < 0)
+        column_index = columns->Current;
+    IM_ASSERT(column_index < columns->Columns.Size);
+
+    const float t = columns->Columns[column_index].OffsetNorm;
+    const float x_offset = ImLerp(columns->OffMinX, columns->OffMaxX, t);
+    return x_offset;
+}
+
+static float GetColumnWidthEx(ImGuiOldColumns* columns, int column_index, bool before_resize = false)
+{
+    if (column_index < 0)
+        column_index = columns->Current;
+
+    float offset_norm;
+    if (before_resize)
+        offset_norm = columns->Columns[column_index + 1].OffsetNormBeforeResize - columns->Columns[column_index].OffsetNormBeforeResize;
+    else
+        offset_norm = columns->Columns[column_index + 1].OffsetNorm - columns->Columns[column_index].OffsetNorm;
+    return ImGui::GetColumnOffsetFromNorm(columns, offset_norm);
+}
+
+float ImGui::GetColumnWidth(int column_index)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    if (columns == NULL)
+        return GetContentRegionAvail().x;
+
+    if (column_index < 0)
+        column_index = columns->Current;
+    return GetColumnOffsetFromNorm(columns, columns->Columns[column_index + 1].OffsetNorm - columns->Columns[column_index].OffsetNorm);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetColumnOffset(int column_index, float offset)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    IM_ASSERT(columns != NULL);
+
+    if (column_index < 0)
+        column_index = columns->Current;
+    IM_ASSERT(column_index < columns->Columns.Size);
+
+    const bool preserve_width = !(columns->Flags & ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoPreserveWidths) && (column_index < columns->Count - 1);
+    const float width = preserve_width ? GetColumnWidthEx(columns, column_index, columns->IsBeingResized) : 0.0f;
+
+    if (!(columns->Flags & ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoForceWithinWindow))
+        offset = ImMin(offset, columns->OffMaxX - g.Style.ColumnsMinSpacing * (columns->Count - column_index));
+    columns->Columns[column_index].OffsetNorm = GetColumnNormFromOffset(columns, offset - columns->OffMinX);
+
+    if (preserve_width)
+        SetColumnOffset(column_index + 1, offset + ImMax(g.Style.ColumnsMinSpacing, width));
+}
+
+void ImGui::SetColumnWidth(int column_index, float width)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    IM_ASSERT(columns != NULL);
+
+    if (column_index < 0)
+        column_index = columns->Current;
+    SetColumnOffset(column_index + 1, GetColumnOffset(column_index) + width);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PushColumnClipRect(int column_index)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    if (column_index < 0)
+        column_index = columns->Current;
+
+    ImGuiOldColumnData* column = &columns->Columns[column_index];
+    PushClipRect(column->ClipRect.Min, column->ClipRect.Max, false);
+}
+
+// Get into the columns background draw command (which is generally the same draw command as before we called BeginColumns)
+void ImGui::PushColumnsBackground()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    if (columns->Count == 1)
+        return;
+
+    // Optimization: avoid SetCurrentChannel() + PushClipRect()
+    columns->HostBackupClipRect = window->ClipRect;
+    SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(window, columns->HostInitialClipRect);
+    columns->Splitter.SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, 0);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PopColumnsBackground()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindowRead();
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    if (columns->Count == 1)
+        return;
+
+    // Optimization: avoid PopClipRect() + SetCurrentChannel()
+    SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(window, columns->HostBackupClipRect);
+    columns->Splitter.SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, columns->Current + 1);
+}
+
+ImGuiOldColumns* ImGui::FindOrCreateColumns(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiID id)
+{
+    // We have few columns per window so for now we don't need bother much with turning this into a faster lookup.
+    for (int n = 0; n < window->ColumnsStorage.Size; n++)
+        if (window->ColumnsStorage[n].ID == id)
+            return &window->ColumnsStorage[n];
+
+    window->ColumnsStorage.push_back(ImGuiOldColumns());
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = &window->ColumnsStorage.back();
+    columns->ID = id;
+    return columns;
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetColumnsID(const char* str_id, int columns_count)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+
+    // Differentiate column ID with an arbitrary prefix for cases where users name their columns set the same as another widget.
+    // In addition, when an identifier isn't explicitly provided we include the number of columns in the hash to make it uniquer.
+    PushID(0x11223347 + (str_id ? 0 : columns_count));
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id ? str_id : "columns");
+    PopID();
+
+    return id;
+}
+
+void ImGui::BeginColumns(const char* str_id, int columns_count, ImGuiOldColumnFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+
+    IM_ASSERT(columns_count >= 1);
+    IM_ASSERT(window->DC.CurrentColumns == NULL);   // Nested columns are currently not supported
+
+    // Acquire storage for the columns set
+    ImGuiID id = GetColumnsID(str_id, columns_count);
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = FindOrCreateColumns(window, id);
+    IM_ASSERT(columns->ID == id);
+    columns->Current = 0;
+    columns->Count = columns_count;
+    columns->Flags = flags;
+    window->DC.CurrentColumns = columns;
+
+    columns->HostCursorPosY = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+    columns->HostCursorMaxPosX = window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x;
+    columns->HostInitialClipRect = window->ClipRect;
+    columns->HostBackupParentWorkRect = window->ParentWorkRect;
+    window->ParentWorkRect = window->WorkRect;
+
+    // Set state for first column
+    // We aim so that the right-most column will have the same clipping width as other after being clipped by parent ClipRect
+    const float column_padding = g.Style.ItemSpacing.x;
+    const float half_clip_extend_x = ImFloor(ImMax(window->WindowPadding.x * 0.5f, window->WindowBorderSize));
+    const float max_1 = window->WorkRect.Max.x + column_padding - ImMax(column_padding - window->WindowPadding.x, 0.0f);
+    const float max_2 = window->WorkRect.Max.x + half_clip_extend_x;
+    columns->OffMinX = window->DC.Indent.x - column_padding + ImMax(column_padding - window->WindowPadding.x, 0.0f);
+    columns->OffMaxX = ImMax(ImMin(max_1, max_2) - window->Pos.x, columns->OffMinX + 1.0f);
+    columns->LineMinY = columns->LineMaxY = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+
+    // Clear data if columns count changed
+    if (columns->Columns.Size != 0 && columns->Columns.Size != columns_count + 1)
+        columns->Columns.resize(0);
+
+    // Initialize default widths
+    columns->IsFirstFrame = (columns->Columns.Size == 0);
+    if (columns->Columns.Size == 0)
+    {
+        columns->Columns.reserve(columns_count + 1);
+        for (int n = 0; n < columns_count + 1; n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiOldColumnData column;
+            column.OffsetNorm = n / (float)columns_count;
+            columns->Columns.push_back(column);
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (int n = 0; n < columns_count; n++)
+    {
+        // Compute clipping rectangle
+        ImGuiOldColumnData* column = &columns->Columns[n];
+        float clip_x1 = IM_ROUND(window->Pos.x + GetColumnOffset(n));
+        float clip_x2 = IM_ROUND(window->Pos.x + GetColumnOffset(n + 1) - 1.0f);
+        column->ClipRect = ImRect(clip_x1, -FLT_MAX, clip_x2, +FLT_MAX);
+        column->ClipRect.ClipWithFull(window->ClipRect);
+    }
+
+    if (columns->Count > 1)
+    {
+        columns->Splitter.Split(window->DrawList, 1 + columns->Count);
+        columns->Splitter.SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, 1);
+        PushColumnClipRect(0);
+    }
+
+    // We don't generally store Indent.x inside ColumnsOffset because it may be manipulated by the user.
+    float offset_0 = GetColumnOffset(columns->Current);
+    float offset_1 = GetColumnOffset(columns->Current + 1);
+    float width = offset_1 - offset_0;
+    PushItemWidth(width * 0.65f);
+    window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x = ImMax(column_padding - window->WindowPadding.x, 0.0f);
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = IM_FLOOR(window->Pos.x + window->DC.Indent.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x);
+    window->WorkRect.Max.x = window->Pos.x + offset_1 - column_padding;
+}
+
+void ImGui::NextColumn()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems || window->DC.CurrentColumns == NULL)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+
+    if (columns->Count == 1)
+    {
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x = IM_FLOOR(window->Pos.x + window->DC.Indent.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x);
+        IM_ASSERT(columns->Current == 0);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Next column
+    if (++columns->Current == columns->Count)
+        columns->Current = 0;
+
+    PopItemWidth();
+
+    // Optimization: avoid PopClipRect() + SetCurrentChannel() + PushClipRect()
+    // (which would needlessly attempt to update commands in the wrong channel, then pop or overwrite them),
+    ImGuiOldColumnData* column = &columns->Columns[columns->Current];
+    SetWindowClipRectBeforeSetChannel(window, column->ClipRect);
+    columns->Splitter.SetCurrentChannel(window->DrawList, columns->Current + 1);
+
+    const float column_padding = g.Style.ItemSpacing.x;
+    columns->LineMaxY = ImMax(columns->LineMaxY, window->DC.CursorPos.y);
+    if (columns->Current > 0)
+    {
+        // Columns 1+ ignore IndentX (by canceling it out)
+        // FIXME-COLUMNS: Unnecessary, could be locked?
+        window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x = GetColumnOffset(columns->Current) - window->DC.Indent.x + column_padding;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // New row/line: column 0 honor IndentX.
+        window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x = ImMax(column_padding - window->WindowPadding.x, 0.0f);
+        window->DC.IsSameLine = false;
+        columns->LineMinY = columns->LineMaxY;
+    }
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = IM_FLOOR(window->Pos.x + window->DC.Indent.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x);
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y = columns->LineMinY;
+    window->DC.CurrLineSize = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+    window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = 0.0f;
+
+    // FIXME-COLUMNS: Share code with BeginColumns() - move code on columns setup.
+    float offset_0 = GetColumnOffset(columns->Current);
+    float offset_1 = GetColumnOffset(columns->Current + 1);
+    float width = offset_1 - offset_0;
+    PushItemWidth(width * 0.65f);
+    window->WorkRect.Max.x = window->Pos.x + offset_1 - column_padding;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndColumns()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    IM_ASSERT(columns != NULL);
+
+    PopItemWidth();
+    if (columns->Count > 1)
+    {
+        PopClipRect();
+        columns->Splitter.Merge(window->DrawList);
+    }
+
+    const ImGuiOldColumnFlags flags = columns->Flags;
+    columns->LineMaxY = ImMax(columns->LineMaxY, window->DC.CursorPos.y);
+    window->DC.CursorPos.y = columns->LineMaxY;
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiOldColumnFlags_GrowParentContentsSize))
+        window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x = columns->HostCursorMaxPosX;  // Restore cursor max pos, as columns don't grow parent
+
+    // Draw columns borders and handle resize
+    // The IsBeingResized flag ensure we preserve pre-resize columns width so back-and-forth are not lossy
+    bool is_being_resized = false;
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoBorder) && !window->SkipItems)
+    {
+        // We clip Y boundaries CPU side because very long triangles are mishandled by some GPU drivers.
+        const float y1 = ImMax(columns->HostCursorPosY, window->ClipRect.Min.y);
+        const float y2 = ImMin(window->DC.CursorPos.y, window->ClipRect.Max.y);
+        int dragging_column = -1;
+        for (int n = 1; n < columns->Count; n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiOldColumnData* column = &columns->Columns[n];
+            float x = window->Pos.x + GetColumnOffset(n);
+            const ImGuiID column_id = columns->ID + ImGuiID(n);
+            const float column_hit_hw = COLUMNS_HIT_RECT_HALF_WIDTH;
+            const ImRect column_hit_rect(ImVec2(x - column_hit_hw, y1), ImVec2(x + column_hit_hw, y2));
+            if (!ItemAdd(column_hit_rect, column_id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav))
+                continue;
+
+            bool hovered = false, held = false;
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoResize))
+            {
+                ButtonBehavior(column_hit_rect, column_id, &hovered, &held);
+                if (hovered || held)
+                    g.MouseCursor = ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeEW;
+                if (held && !(column->Flags & ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoResize))
+                    dragging_column = n;
+            }
+
+            // Draw column
+            const ImU32 col = GetColorU32(held ? ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered : ImGuiCol_Separator);
+            const float xi = IM_FLOOR(x);
+            window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(xi, y1 + 1.0f), ImVec2(xi, y2), col);
+        }
+
+        // Apply dragging after drawing the column lines, so our rendered lines are in sync with how items were displayed during the frame.
+        if (dragging_column != -1)
+        {
+            if (!columns->IsBeingResized)
+                for (int n = 0; n < columns->Count + 1; n++)
+                    columns->Columns[n].OffsetNormBeforeResize = columns->Columns[n].OffsetNorm;
+            columns->IsBeingResized = is_being_resized = true;
+            float x = GetDraggedColumnOffset(columns, dragging_column);
+            SetColumnOffset(dragging_column, x);
+        }
+    }
+    columns->IsBeingResized = is_being_resized;
+
+    window->WorkRect = window->ParentWorkRect;
+    window->ParentWorkRect = columns->HostBackupParentWorkRect;
+    window->DC.CurrentColumns = NULL;
+    window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x = 0.0f;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = IM_FLOOR(window->Pos.x + window->DC.Indent.x + window->DC.ColumnsOffset.x);
+}
+
+void ImGui::Columns(int columns_count, const char* id, bool border)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    IM_ASSERT(columns_count >= 1);
+
+    ImGuiOldColumnFlags flags = (border ? 0 : ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoBorder);
+    //flags |= ImGuiOldColumnFlags_NoPreserveWidths; // NB: Legacy behavior
+    ImGuiOldColumns* columns = window->DC.CurrentColumns;
+    if (columns != NULL && columns->Count == columns_count && columns->Flags == flags)
+        return;
+
+    if (columns != NULL)
+        EndColumns();
+
+    if (columns_count != 1)
+        BeginColumns(id, columns_count, flags);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
diff --git a/external/imgui/imgui_widgets.cpp b/external/imgui/imgui_widgets.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61fc969
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imgui_widgets.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8765 @@
+// dear imgui, v1.89.5 WIP
+// (widgets code)
+
+/*
+
+Index of this file:
+
+// [SECTION] Forward Declarations
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Text, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Main (Button, Image, Checkbox, RadioButton, ProgressBar, Bullet, etc.)
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Low-level Layout helpers (Spacing, Dummy, NewLine, Separator, etc.)
+// [SECTION] Widgets: ComboBox
+// [SECTION] Data Type and Data Formatting Helpers
+// [SECTION] Widgets: DragScalar, DragFloat, DragInt, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: SliderScalar, SliderFloat, SliderInt, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: InputScalar, InputFloat, InputInt, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: InputText, InputTextMultiline
+// [SECTION] Widgets: ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: TreeNode, CollapsingHeader, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Selectable
+// [SECTION] Widgets: ListBox
+// [SECTION] Widgets: PlotLines, PlotHistogram
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Value helpers
+// [SECTION] Widgets: MenuItem, BeginMenu, EndMenu, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: BeginTabBar, EndTabBar, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: BeginTabItem, EndTabItem, etc.
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Columns, BeginColumns, EndColumns, etc.
+
+*/
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+#endif
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#define IMGUI_DEFINE_MATH_OPERATORS
+#endif
+
+#include "imgui.h"
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
+#include "imgui_internal.h"
+
+// System includes
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER <= 1500 // MSVC 2008 or earlier
+#include <stddef.h>     // intptr_t
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>     // intptr_t
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Warnings
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Visual Studio warnings
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning (disable: 4127)     // condition expression is constant
+#pragma warning (disable: 4996)     // 'This function or variable may be unsafe': strcpy, strdup, sprintf, vsnprintf, sscanf, fopen
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1922 // MSVC 2019 16.2 or later
+#pragma warning (disable: 5054)     // operator '|': deprecated between enumerations of different types
+#endif
+#pragma warning (disable: 26451)    // [Static Analyzer] Arithmetic overflow : Using operator 'xxx' on a 4 byte value and then casting the result to a 8 byte value. Cast the value to the wider type before calling operator 'xxx' to avoid overflow(io.2).
+#pragma warning (disable: 26812)    // [Static Analyzer] The enum type 'xxx' is unscoped. Prefer 'enum class' over 'enum' (Enum.3).
+#endif
+
+// Clang/GCC warnings with -Weverything
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_warning("-Wunknown-warning-option")
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-warning-option"         // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'                      // not all warnings are known by all Clang versions and they tend to be rename-happy.. so ignoring warnings triggers new warnings on some configuration. Great!
+#endif
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-pragmas"                // warning: unknown warning group 'xxx'
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wold-style-cast"                 // warning: use of old-style cast                            // yes, they are more terse.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wfloat-equal"                    // warning: comparing floating point with == or != is unsafe // storing and comparing against same constants (typically 0.0f) is ok.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"              // warning: format string is not a string literal            // passing non-literal to vsnformat(). yes, user passing incorrect format strings can crash the code.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"                // warning: implicit conversion changes signedness
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant"  // warning: zero as null pointer constant                    // some standard header variations use #define NULL 0
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdouble-promotion"               // warning: implicit conversion from 'float' to 'double' when passing argument to function  // using printf() is a misery with this as C++ va_arg ellipsis changes float to double.
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wenum-enum-conversion"           // warning: bitwise operation between different enumeration types ('XXXFlags_' and 'XXXFlagsPrivate_')
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-enum-enum-conversion"// warning: bitwise operation between different enumeration types ('XXXFlags_' and 'XXXFlagsPrivate_') is deprecated
+#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-int-float-conversion"  // warning: implicit conversion from 'xxx' to 'float' may lose precision
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpragmas"                          // warning: unknown option after '#pragma GCC diagnostic' kind
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"                // warning: format not a string literal, format string not checked
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wclass-memaccess"                  // [__GNUC__ >= 8] warning: 'memset/memcpy' clearing/writing an object of type 'xxxx' with no trivial copy-assignment; use assignment or value-initialization instead
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-enum-enum-conversion"  // warning: bitwise operation between different enumeration types ('XXXFlags_' and 'XXXFlagsPrivate_') is deprecated
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Data
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Widgets
+static const float          DRAGDROP_HOLD_TO_OPEN_TIMER = 0.70f;    // Time for drag-hold to activate items accepting the ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDragDropHold button behavior.
+static const float          DRAG_MOUSE_THRESHOLD_FACTOR = 0.50f;    // Multiplier for the default value of io.MouseDragThreshold to make DragFloat/DragInt react faster to mouse drags.
+
+// Those MIN/MAX values are not define because we need to point to them
+static const signed char    IM_S8_MIN  = -128;
+static const signed char    IM_S8_MAX  = 127;
+static const unsigned char  IM_U8_MIN  = 0;
+static const unsigned char  IM_U8_MAX  = 0xFF;
+static const signed short   IM_S16_MIN = -32768;
+static const signed short   IM_S16_MAX = 32767;
+static const unsigned short IM_U16_MIN = 0;
+static const unsigned short IM_U16_MAX = 0xFFFF;
+static const ImS32          IM_S32_MIN = INT_MIN;    // (-2147483647 - 1), (0x80000000);
+static const ImS32          IM_S32_MAX = INT_MAX;    // (2147483647), (0x7FFFFFFF)
+static const ImU32          IM_U32_MIN = 0;
+static const ImU32          IM_U32_MAX = UINT_MAX;   // (0xFFFFFFFF)
+#ifdef LLONG_MIN
+static const ImS64          IM_S64_MIN = LLONG_MIN;  // (-9223372036854775807ll - 1ll);
+static const ImS64          IM_S64_MAX = LLONG_MAX;  // (9223372036854775807ll);
+#else
+static const ImS64          IM_S64_MIN = -9223372036854775807LL - 1;
+static const ImS64          IM_S64_MAX = 9223372036854775807LL;
+#endif
+static const ImU64          IM_U64_MIN = 0;
+#ifdef ULLONG_MAX
+static const ImU64          IM_U64_MAX = ULLONG_MAX; // (0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFull);
+#else
+static const ImU64          IM_U64_MAX = (2ULL * 9223372036854775807LL + 1);
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Forward Declarations
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// For InputTextEx()
+static bool             InputTextFilterCharacter(unsigned int* p_char, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data, ImGuiInputSource input_source);
+static int              InputTextCalcTextLenAndLineCount(const char* text_begin, const char** out_text_end);
+static ImVec2           InputTextCalcTextSizeW(ImGuiContext* ctx, const ImWchar* text_begin, const ImWchar* text_end, const ImWchar** remaining = NULL, ImVec2* out_offset = NULL, bool stop_on_new_line = false);
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Text, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TextEx() [Internal]
+// - TextUnformatted()
+// - Text()
+// - TextV()
+// - TextColored()
+// - TextColoredV()
+// - TextDisabled()
+// - TextDisabledV()
+// - TextWrapped()
+// - TextWrappedV()
+// - LabelText()
+// - LabelTextV()
+// - BulletText()
+// - BulletTextV()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::TextEx(const char* text, const char* text_end, ImGuiTextFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Accept null ranges
+    if (text == text_end)
+        text = text_end = "";
+
+    // Calculate length
+    const char* text_begin = text;
+    if (text_end == NULL)
+        text_end = text + strlen(text); // FIXME-OPT
+
+    const ImVec2 text_pos(window->DC.CursorPos.x, window->DC.CursorPos.y + window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset);
+    const float wrap_pos_x = window->DC.TextWrapPos;
+    const bool wrap_enabled = (wrap_pos_x >= 0.0f);
+    if (text_end - text <= 2000 || wrap_enabled)
+    {
+        // Common case
+        const float wrap_width = wrap_enabled ? CalcWrapWidthForPos(window->DC.CursorPos, wrap_pos_x) : 0.0f;
+        const ImVec2 text_size = CalcTextSize(text_begin, text_end, false, wrap_width);
+
+        ImRect bb(text_pos, text_pos + text_size);
+        ItemSize(text_size, 0.0f);
+        if (!ItemAdd(bb, 0))
+            return;
+
+        // Render (we don't hide text after ## in this end-user function)
+        RenderTextWrapped(bb.Min, text_begin, text_end, wrap_width);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Long text!
+        // Perform manual coarse clipping to optimize for long multi-line text
+        // - From this point we will only compute the width of lines that are visible. Optimization only available when word-wrapping is disabled.
+        // - We also don't vertically center the text within the line full height, which is unlikely to matter because we are likely the biggest and only item on the line.
+        // - We use memchr(), pay attention that well optimized versions of those str/mem functions are much faster than a casually written loop.
+        const char* line = text;
+        const float line_height = GetTextLineHeight();
+        ImVec2 text_size(0, 0);
+
+        // Lines to skip (can't skip when logging text)
+        ImVec2 pos = text_pos;
+        if (!g.LogEnabled)
+        {
+            int lines_skippable = (int)((window->ClipRect.Min.y - text_pos.y) / line_height);
+            if (lines_skippable > 0)
+            {
+                int lines_skipped = 0;
+                while (line < text_end && lines_skipped < lines_skippable)
+                {
+                    const char* line_end = (const char*)memchr(line, '\n', text_end - line);
+                    if (!line_end)
+                        line_end = text_end;
+                    if ((flags & ImGuiTextFlags_NoWidthForLargeClippedText) == 0)
+                        text_size.x = ImMax(text_size.x, CalcTextSize(line, line_end).x);
+                    line = line_end + 1;
+                    lines_skipped++;
+                }
+                pos.y += lines_skipped * line_height;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Lines to render
+        if (line < text_end)
+        {
+            ImRect line_rect(pos, pos + ImVec2(FLT_MAX, line_height));
+            while (line < text_end)
+            {
+                if (IsClippedEx(line_rect, 0))
+                    break;
+
+                const char* line_end = (const char*)memchr(line, '\n', text_end - line);
+                if (!line_end)
+                    line_end = text_end;
+                text_size.x = ImMax(text_size.x, CalcTextSize(line, line_end).x);
+                RenderText(pos, line, line_end, false);
+                line = line_end + 1;
+                line_rect.Min.y += line_height;
+                line_rect.Max.y += line_height;
+                pos.y += line_height;
+            }
+
+            // Count remaining lines
+            int lines_skipped = 0;
+            while (line < text_end)
+            {
+                const char* line_end = (const char*)memchr(line, '\n', text_end - line);
+                if (!line_end)
+                    line_end = text_end;
+                if ((flags & ImGuiTextFlags_NoWidthForLargeClippedText) == 0)
+                    text_size.x = ImMax(text_size.x, CalcTextSize(line, line_end).x);
+                line = line_end + 1;
+                lines_skipped++;
+            }
+            pos.y += lines_skipped * line_height;
+        }
+        text_size.y = (pos - text_pos).y;
+
+        ImRect bb(text_pos, text_pos + text_size);
+        ItemSize(text_size, 0.0f);
+        ItemAdd(bb, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextUnformatted(const char* text, const char* text_end)
+{
+    TextEx(text, text_end, ImGuiTextFlags_NoWidthForLargeClippedText);
+}
+
+void ImGui::Text(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    TextV(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    const char* text, *text_end;
+    ImFormatStringToTempBufferV(&text, &text_end, fmt, args);
+    TextEx(text, text_end, ImGuiTextFlags_NoWidthForLargeClippedText);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextColored(const ImVec4& col, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    TextColoredV(col, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextColoredV(const ImVec4& col, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, col);
+    TextV(fmt, args);
+    PopStyleColor();
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextDisabled(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    TextDisabledV(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextDisabledV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, g.Style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]);
+    TextV(fmt, args);
+    PopStyleColor();
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextWrapped(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    TextWrappedV(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TextWrappedV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const bool need_backup = (g.CurrentWindow->DC.TextWrapPos < 0.0f);  // Keep existing wrap position if one is already set
+    if (need_backup)
+        PushTextWrapPos(0.0f);
+    TextV(fmt, args);
+    if (need_backup)
+        PopTextWrapPos();
+}
+
+void ImGui::LabelText(const char* label, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    LabelTextV(label, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+// Add a label+text combo aligned to other label+value widgets
+void ImGui::LabelTextV(const char* label, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const float w = CalcItemWidth();
+
+    const char* value_text_begin, *value_text_end;
+    ImFormatStringToTempBufferV(&value_text_begin, &value_text_end, fmt, args);
+    const ImVec2 value_size = CalcTextSize(value_text_begin, value_text_end, false);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    const ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    const ImRect value_bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(w, value_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2));
+    const ImRect total_bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(w + (label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f), ImMax(value_size.y, label_size.y) + style.FramePadding.y * 2));
+    ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, 0))
+        return;
+
+    // Render
+    RenderTextClipped(value_bb.Min + style.FramePadding, value_bb.Max, value_text_begin, value_text_end, &value_size, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderText(ImVec2(value_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, value_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), label);
+}
+
+void ImGui::BulletText(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    BulletTextV(fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+// Text with a little bullet aligned to the typical tree node.
+void ImGui::BulletTextV(const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    const char* text_begin, *text_end;
+    ImFormatStringToTempBufferV(&text_begin, &text_end, fmt, args);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(text_begin, text_end, false);
+    const ImVec2 total_size = ImVec2(g.FontSize + (label_size.x > 0.0f ? (label_size.x + style.FramePadding.x * 2) : 0.0f), label_size.y);  // Empty text doesn't add padding
+    ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    pos.y += window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset;
+    ItemSize(total_size, 0.0f);
+    const ImRect bb(pos, pos + total_size);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, 0))
+        return;
+
+    // Render
+    ImU32 text_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+    RenderBullet(window->DrawList, bb.Min + ImVec2(style.FramePadding.x + g.FontSize * 0.5f, g.FontSize * 0.5f), text_col);
+    RenderText(bb.Min + ImVec2(g.FontSize + style.FramePadding.x * 2, 0.0f), text_begin, text_end, false);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Main
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ButtonBehavior() [Internal]
+// - Button()
+// - SmallButton()
+// - InvisibleButton()
+// - ArrowButton()
+// - CloseButton() [Internal]
+// - CollapseButton() [Internal]
+// - GetWindowScrollbarID() [Internal]
+// - GetWindowScrollbarRect() [Internal]
+// - Scrollbar() [Internal]
+// - ScrollbarEx() [Internal]
+// - Image()
+// - ImageButton()
+// - Checkbox()
+// - CheckboxFlagsT() [Internal]
+// - CheckboxFlags()
+// - RadioButton()
+// - ProgressBar()
+// - Bullet()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// The ButtonBehavior() function is key to many interactions and used by many/most widgets.
+// Because we handle so many cases (keyboard/gamepad navigation, drag and drop) and many specific behavior (via ImGuiButtonFlags_),
+// this code is a little complex.
+// By far the most common path is interacting with the Mouse using the default ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease button behavior.
+// See the series of events below and the corresponding state reported by dear imgui:
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// with PressedOnClickRelease:             return-value  IsItemHovered()  IsItemActive()  IsItemActivated()  IsItemDeactivated()  IsItemClicked()
+//   Frame N+0 (mouse is outside bb)        -             -                -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+1 (mouse moves inside bb)      -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+2 (mouse button is down)       -             true             true            true               -                    true
+//   Frame N+3 (mouse button is down)       -             true             true            -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+4 (mouse moves outside bb)     -             -                true            -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+5 (mouse moves inside bb)      -             true             true            -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+6 (mouse button is released)   true          true             -               -                  true                 -
+//   Frame N+7 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+8 (mouse moves outside bb)     -             -                -               -                  -                    -
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// with PressedOnClick:                    return-value  IsItemHovered()  IsItemActive()  IsItemActivated()  IsItemDeactivated()  IsItemClicked()
+//   Frame N+2 (mouse button is down)       true          true             true            true               -                    true
+//   Frame N+3 (mouse button is down)       -             true             true            -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+6 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  true                 -
+//   Frame N+7 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// with PressedOnRelease:                  return-value  IsItemHovered()  IsItemActive()  IsItemActivated()  IsItemDeactivated()  IsItemClicked()
+//   Frame N+2 (mouse button is down)       -             true             -               -                  -                    true
+//   Frame N+3 (mouse button is down)       -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+6 (mouse button is released)   true          true             -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+7 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// with PressedOnDoubleClick:              return-value  IsItemHovered()  IsItemActive()  IsItemActivated()  IsItemDeactivated()  IsItemClicked()
+//   Frame N+0 (mouse button is down)       -             true             -               -                  -                    true
+//   Frame N+1 (mouse button is down)       -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+2 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+3 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+4 (mouse button is down)       true          true             true            true               -                    true
+//   Frame N+5 (mouse button is down)       -             true             true            -                  -                    -
+//   Frame N+6 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  true                 -
+//   Frame N+7 (mouse button is released)   -             true             -               -                  -                    -
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Note that some combinations are supported,
+// - PressedOnDragDropHold can generally be associated with any flag.
+// - PressedOnDoubleClick can be associated by PressedOnClickRelease/PressedOnRelease, in which case the second release event won't be reported.
+//------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// The behavior of the return-value changes when ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat is set:
+//                                         Repeat+                  Repeat+           Repeat+             Repeat+
+//                                         PressedOnClickRelease    PressedOnClick    PressedOnRelease    PressedOnDoubleClick
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//   Frame N+0 (mouse button is down)       -                        true              -                   true
+//   ...                                    -                        -                 -                   -
+//   Frame N + RepeatDelay                  true                     true              -                   true
+//   ...                                    -                        -                 -                   -
+//   Frame N + RepeatDelay + RepeatRate*N   true                     true              -                   true
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ImGui::ButtonBehavior(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, bool* out_hovered, bool* out_held, ImGuiButtonFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+
+    // Default only reacts to left mouse button
+    if ((flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonDefault_;
+
+    // Default behavior requires click + release inside bounding box
+    if ((flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDefault_;
+
+    ImGuiWindow* backup_hovered_window = g.HoveredWindow;
+    const bool flatten_hovered_children = (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren) && g.HoveredWindow && g.HoveredWindow->RootWindowDockTree == window->RootWindowDockTree;
+    if (flatten_hovered_children)
+        g.HoveredWindow = window;
+
+#ifdef IMGUI_ENABLE_TEST_ENGINE
+    // Alternate registration spot, for when caller didn't use ItemAdd()
+    if (id != 0 && g.LastItemData.ID != id)
+        IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_ADD(id, bb, NULL);
+#endif
+
+    bool pressed = false;
+    bool hovered = ItemHoverable(bb, id);
+
+    // Drag source doesn't report as hovered
+    if (hovered && g.DragDropActive && g.DragDropPayload.SourceId == id && !(g.DragDropSourceFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoDisableHover))
+        hovered = false;
+
+    // Special mode for Drag and Drop where holding button pressed for a long time while dragging another item triggers the button
+    if (g.DragDropActive && (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDragDropHold) && !(g.DragDropSourceFlags & ImGuiDragDropFlags_SourceNoHoldToOpenOthers))
+        if (IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByActiveItem))
+        {
+            hovered = true;
+            SetHoveredID(id);
+            if (g.HoveredIdTimer - g.IO.DeltaTime <= DRAGDROP_HOLD_TO_OPEN_TIMER && g.HoveredIdTimer >= DRAGDROP_HOLD_TO_OPEN_TIMER)
+            {
+                pressed = true;
+                g.DragDropHoldJustPressedId = id;
+                FocusWindow(window);
+            }
+        }
+
+    if (flatten_hovered_children)
+        g.HoveredWindow = backup_hovered_window;
+
+    // AllowOverlap mode (rarely used) requires previous frame HoveredId to be null or to match. This allows using patterns where a later submitted widget overlaps a previous one.
+    if (hovered && (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap) && (g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame != id && g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame != 0))
+        hovered = false;
+
+    // Mouse handling
+    const ImGuiID test_owner_id = (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoTestKeyOwner) ? ImGuiKeyOwner_Any : id;
+    if (hovered)
+    {
+        // Poll mouse buttons
+        // - 'mouse_button_clicked' is generally carried into ActiveIdMouseButton when setting ActiveId.
+        // - Technically we only need some values in one code path, but since this is gated by hovered test this is fine.
+        int mouse_button_clicked = -1;
+        int mouse_button_released = -1;
+        for (int button = 0; button < 3; button++)
+            if (flags & (ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonLeft << button)) // Handle ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonRight and ImGuiButtonFlags_MouseButtonMiddle here.
+            {
+                if (IsMouseClicked(button, test_owner_id) && mouse_button_clicked == -1) { mouse_button_clicked = button; }
+                if (IsMouseReleased(button, test_owner_id) && mouse_button_released == -1) { mouse_button_released = button; }
+            }
+
+        // Process initial action
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoKeyModifiers) || (!g.IO.KeyCtrl && !g.IO.KeyShift && !g.IO.KeyAlt))
+        {
+            if (mouse_button_clicked != -1 && g.ActiveId != id)
+            {
+                if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoSetKeyOwner))
+                    SetKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(mouse_button_clicked), id);
+                if (flags & (ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickReleaseAnywhere))
+                {
+                    SetActiveID(id, window);
+                    g.ActiveIdMouseButton = mouse_button_clicked;
+                    if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus))
+                        SetFocusID(id, window);
+                    FocusWindow(window);
+                }
+                if ((flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick) || ((flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick) && g.IO.MouseClickedCount[mouse_button_clicked] == 2))
+                {
+                    pressed = true;
+                    if (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoHoldingActiveId)
+                        ClearActiveID();
+                    else
+                        SetActiveID(id, window); // Hold on ID
+                    if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus))
+                        SetFocusID(id, window);
+                    g.ActiveIdMouseButton = mouse_button_clicked;
+                    FocusWindow(window);
+                }
+            }
+            if (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnRelease)
+            {
+                if (mouse_button_released != -1)
+                {
+                    const bool has_repeated_at_least_once = (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat) && g.IO.MouseDownDurationPrev[mouse_button_released] >= g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay; // Repeat mode trumps on release behavior
+                    if (!has_repeated_at_least_once)
+                        pressed = true;
+                    if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus))
+                        SetFocusID(id, window);
+                    ClearActiveID();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // 'Repeat' mode acts when held regardless of _PressedOn flags (see table above).
+            // Relies on repeat logic of IsMouseClicked() but we may as well do it ourselves if we end up exposing finer RepeatDelay/RepeatRate settings.
+            if (g.ActiveId == id && (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat))
+                if (g.IO.MouseDownDuration[g.ActiveIdMouseButton] > 0.0f && IsMouseClicked(g.ActiveIdMouseButton, test_owner_id, ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat))
+                    pressed = true;
+        }
+
+        if (pressed)
+            g.NavDisableHighlight = true;
+    }
+
+    // Gamepad/Keyboard navigation
+    // We report navigated item as hovered but we don't set g.HoveredId to not interfere with mouse.
+    if (g.NavId == id && !g.NavDisableHighlight && g.NavDisableMouseHover && (g.ActiveId == 0 || g.ActiveId == id || g.ActiveId == window->MoveId))
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoHoveredOnFocus))
+            hovered = true;
+    if (g.NavActivateDownId == id)
+    {
+        bool nav_activated_by_code = (g.NavActivateId == id);
+        bool nav_activated_by_inputs = (g.NavActivatePressedId == id);
+        if (!nav_activated_by_inputs && (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat))
+        {
+            // Avoid pressing multiple keys from triggering excessive amount of repeat events
+            const ImGuiKeyData* key1 = GetKeyData(ImGuiKey_Space);
+            const ImGuiKeyData* key2 = GetKeyData(ImGuiKey_Enter);
+            const ImGuiKeyData* key3 = GetKeyData(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate);
+            const float t1 = ImMax(ImMax(key1->DownDuration, key2->DownDuration), key3->DownDuration);
+            nav_activated_by_inputs = CalcTypematicRepeatAmount(t1 - g.IO.DeltaTime, t1, g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay, g.IO.KeyRepeatRate) > 0;
+        }
+        if (nav_activated_by_code || nav_activated_by_inputs)
+        {
+            // Set active id so it can be queried by user via IsItemActive(), equivalent of holding the mouse button.
+            pressed = true;
+            SetActiveID(id, window);
+            g.ActiveIdSource = g.NavInputSource;
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus))
+                SetFocusID(id, window);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process while held
+    bool held = false;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+    {
+        if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Mouse)
+        {
+            if (g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+                g.ActiveIdClickOffset = g.IO.MousePos - bb.Min;
+
+            const int mouse_button = g.ActiveIdMouseButton;
+            if (mouse_button == -1)
+            {
+                // Fallback for the rare situation were g.ActiveId was set programmatically or from another widget (e.g. #6304).
+                ClearActiveID();
+            }
+            else if (IsMouseDown(mouse_button, test_owner_id))
+            {
+                held = true;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                bool release_in = hovered && (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease) != 0;
+                bool release_anywhere = (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickReleaseAnywhere) != 0;
+                if ((release_in || release_anywhere) && !g.DragDropActive)
+                {
+                    // Report as pressed when releasing the mouse (this is the most common path)
+                    bool is_double_click_release = (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick) && g.IO.MouseReleased[mouse_button] && g.IO.MouseClickedLastCount[mouse_button] == 2;
+                    bool is_repeating_already = (flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat) && g.IO.MouseDownDurationPrev[mouse_button] >= g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay; // Repeat mode trumps <on release>
+                    bool is_button_avail_or_owned = TestKeyOwner(MouseButtonToKey(mouse_button), test_owner_id);
+                    if (!is_double_click_release && !is_repeating_already && is_button_avail_or_owned)
+                        pressed = true;
+                }
+                ClearActiveID();
+            }
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus))
+                g.NavDisableHighlight = true;
+        }
+        else if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard || g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+        {
+            // When activated using Nav, we hold on the ActiveID until activation button is released
+            if (g.NavActivateDownId != id)
+                ClearActiveID();
+        }
+        if (pressed)
+            g.ActiveIdHasBeenPressedBefore = true;
+    }
+
+    if (out_hovered) *out_hovered = hovered;
+    if (out_held) *out_held = held;
+
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::ButtonEx(const char* label, const ImVec2& size_arg, ImGuiButtonFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_AlignTextBaseLine) && style.FramePadding.y < window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset) // Try to vertically align buttons that are smaller/have no padding so that text baseline matches (bit hacky, since it shouldn't be a flag)
+        pos.y += window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset - style.FramePadding.y;
+    ImVec2 size = CalcItemSize(size_arg, label_size.x + style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f, label_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f);
+
+    const ImRect bb(pos, pos + size);
+    ItemSize(size, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+        return false;
+
+    if (g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_ButtonRepeat)
+        flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, flags);
+
+    // Render
+    const ImU32 col = GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_ButtonActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered : ImGuiCol_Button);
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id);
+    RenderFrame(bb.Min, bb.Max, col, true, style.FrameRounding);
+
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogSetNextTextDecoration("[", "]");
+    RenderTextClipped(bb.Min + style.FramePadding, bb.Max - style.FramePadding, label, NULL, &label_size, style.ButtonTextAlign, &bb);
+
+    // Automatically close popups
+    //if (pressed && !(flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_DontClosePopups) && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup))
+    //    CloseCurrentPopup();
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags);
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::Button(const char* label, const ImVec2& size_arg)
+{
+    return ButtonEx(label, size_arg, ImGuiButtonFlags_None);
+}
+
+// Small buttons fits within text without additional vertical spacing.
+bool ImGui::SmallButton(const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    float backup_padding_y = g.Style.FramePadding.y;
+    g.Style.FramePadding.y = 0.0f;
+    bool pressed = ButtonEx(label, ImVec2(0, 0), ImGuiButtonFlags_AlignTextBaseLine);
+    g.Style.FramePadding.y = backup_padding_y;
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+// Tip: use ImGui::PushID()/PopID() to push indices or pointers in the ID stack.
+// Then you can keep 'str_id' empty or the same for all your buttons (instead of creating a string based on a non-string id)
+bool ImGui::InvisibleButton(const char* str_id, const ImVec2& size_arg, ImGuiButtonFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    // Cannot use zero-size for InvisibleButton(). Unlike Button() there is not way to fallback using the label size.
+    IM_ASSERT(size_arg.x != 0.0f && size_arg.y != 0.0f);
+
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id);
+    ImVec2 size = CalcItemSize(size_arg, 0.0f, 0.0f);
+    const ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size);
+    ItemSize(size);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+        return false;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, flags);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, str_id, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags);
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::ArrowButtonEx(const char* str_id, ImGuiDir dir, ImVec2 size, ImGuiButtonFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id);
+    const ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size);
+    const float default_size = GetFrameHeight();
+    ItemSize(size, (size.y >= default_size) ? g.Style.FramePadding.y : -1.0f);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+        return false;
+
+    if (g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_ButtonRepeat)
+        flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, flags);
+
+    // Render
+    const ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_ButtonActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered : ImGuiCol_Button);
+    const ImU32 text_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id);
+    RenderFrame(bb.Min, bb.Max, bg_col, true, g.Style.FrameRounding);
+    RenderArrow(window->DrawList, bb.Min + ImVec2(ImMax(0.0f, (size.x - g.FontSize) * 0.5f), ImMax(0.0f, (size.y - g.FontSize) * 0.5f)), text_col, dir);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, str_id, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags);
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::ArrowButton(const char* str_id, ImGuiDir dir)
+{
+    float sz = GetFrameHeight();
+    return ArrowButtonEx(str_id, dir, ImVec2(sz, sz), ImGuiButtonFlags_None);
+}
+
+// Button to close a window
+bool ImGui::CloseButton(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    // Tweak 1: Shrink hit-testing area if button covers an abnormally large proportion of the visible region. That's in order to facilitate moving the window away. (#3825)
+    // This may better be applied as a general hit-rect reduction mechanism for all widgets to ensure the area to move window is always accessible?
+    const ImRect bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(g.FontSize, g.FontSize) + g.Style.FramePadding * 2.0f);
+    ImRect bb_interact = bb;
+    const float area_to_visible_ratio = window->OuterRectClipped.GetArea() / bb.GetArea();
+    if (area_to_visible_ratio < 1.5f)
+        bb_interact.Expand(ImFloor(bb_interact.GetSize() * -0.25f));
+
+    // Tweak 2: We intentionally allow interaction when clipped so that a mechanical Alt,Right,Activate sequence can always close a window.
+    // (this isn't the regular behavior of buttons, but it doesn't affect the user much because navigation tends to keep items visible).
+    bool is_clipped = !ItemAdd(bb_interact, id);
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb_interact, id, &hovered, &held);
+    if (is_clipped)
+        return pressed;
+
+    // Render
+    // FIXME: Clarify this mess
+    ImU32 col = GetColorU32(held ? ImGuiCol_ButtonActive : ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered);
+    ImVec2 center = bb.GetCenter();
+    if (hovered)
+        window->DrawList->AddCircleFilled(center, ImMax(2.0f, g.FontSize * 0.5f + 1.0f), col);
+
+    float cross_extent = g.FontSize * 0.5f * 0.7071f - 1.0f;
+    ImU32 cross_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+    center -= ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f);
+    window->DrawList->AddLine(center + ImVec2(+cross_extent, +cross_extent), center + ImVec2(-cross_extent, -cross_extent), cross_col, 1.0f);
+    window->DrawList->AddLine(center + ImVec2(+cross_extent, -cross_extent), center + ImVec2(-cross_extent, +cross_extent), cross_col, 1.0f);
+
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+// The Collapse button also functions as a Dock Menu button.
+bool ImGui::CollapseButton(ImGuiID id, const ImVec2& pos, ImGuiDockNode* dock_node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    ImRect bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(g.FontSize, g.FontSize) + g.Style.FramePadding * 2.0f);
+    ItemAdd(bb, id);
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_None);
+
+    // Render
+    //bool is_dock_menu = (window->DockNodeAsHost && !window->Collapsed);
+    ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_ButtonActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered : ImGuiCol_Button);
+    ImU32 text_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+    if (hovered || held)
+        window->DrawList->AddCircleFilled(bb.GetCenter() + ImVec2(0,-0.5f), g.FontSize * 0.5f + 1.0f, bg_col);
+
+    if (dock_node)
+        RenderArrowDockMenu(window->DrawList, bb.Min + g.Style.FramePadding, g.FontSize, text_col);
+    else
+        RenderArrow(window->DrawList, bb.Min + g.Style.FramePadding, text_col, window->Collapsed ? ImGuiDir_Right : ImGuiDir_Down, 1.0f);
+
+    // Switch to moving the window after mouse is moved beyond the initial drag threshold
+    if (IsItemActive() && IsMouseDragging(0))
+        StartMouseMovingWindowOrNode(window, dock_node, true);
+
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+ImGuiID ImGui::GetWindowScrollbarID(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiAxis axis)
+{
+    return window->GetID(axis == ImGuiAxis_X ? "#SCROLLX" : "#SCROLLY");
+}
+
+// Return scrollbar rectangle, must only be called for corresponding axis if window->ScrollbarX/Y is set.
+ImRect ImGui::GetWindowScrollbarRect(ImGuiWindow* window, ImGuiAxis axis)
+{
+    const ImRect outer_rect = window->Rect();
+    const ImRect inner_rect = window->InnerRect;
+    const float border_size = window->WindowBorderSize;
+    const float scrollbar_size = window->ScrollbarSizes[axis ^ 1]; // (ScrollbarSizes.x = width of Y scrollbar; ScrollbarSizes.y = height of X scrollbar)
+    IM_ASSERT(scrollbar_size > 0.0f);
+    if (axis == ImGuiAxis_X)
+        return ImRect(inner_rect.Min.x, ImMax(outer_rect.Min.y, outer_rect.Max.y - border_size - scrollbar_size), inner_rect.Max.x, outer_rect.Max.y);
+    else
+        return ImRect(ImMax(outer_rect.Min.x, outer_rect.Max.x - border_size - scrollbar_size), inner_rect.Min.y, outer_rect.Max.x, inner_rect.Max.y);
+}
+
+void ImGui::Scrollbar(ImGuiAxis axis)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    const ImGuiID id = GetWindowScrollbarID(window, axis);
+
+    // Calculate scrollbar bounding box
+    ImRect bb = GetWindowScrollbarRect(window, axis);
+    ImDrawFlags rounding_corners = ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersNone;
+    if (axis == ImGuiAxis_X)
+    {
+        rounding_corners |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomLeft;
+        if (!window->ScrollbarY)
+            rounding_corners |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if ((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar) && !(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar))
+            rounding_corners |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersTopRight;
+        if (!window->ScrollbarX)
+            rounding_corners |= ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersBottomRight;
+    }
+    float size_avail = window->InnerRect.Max[axis] - window->InnerRect.Min[axis];
+    float size_contents = window->ContentSize[axis] + window->WindowPadding[axis] * 2.0f;
+    ImS64 scroll = (ImS64)window->Scroll[axis];
+    ScrollbarEx(bb, id, axis, &scroll, (ImS64)size_avail, (ImS64)size_contents, rounding_corners);
+    window->Scroll[axis] = (float)scroll;
+}
+
+// Vertical/Horizontal scrollbar
+// The entire piece of code below is rather confusing because:
+// - We handle absolute seeking (when first clicking outside the grab) and relative manipulation (afterward or when clicking inside the grab)
+// - We store values as normalized ratio and in a form that allows the window content to change while we are holding on a scrollbar
+// - We handle both horizontal and vertical scrollbars, which makes the terminology not ideal.
+// Still, the code should probably be made simpler..
+bool ImGui::ScrollbarEx(const ImRect& bb_frame, ImGuiID id, ImGuiAxis axis, ImS64* p_scroll_v, ImS64 size_avail_v, ImS64 size_contents_v, ImDrawFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const float bb_frame_width = bb_frame.GetWidth();
+    const float bb_frame_height = bb_frame.GetHeight();
+    if (bb_frame_width <= 0.0f || bb_frame_height <= 0.0f)
+        return false;
+
+    // When we are too small, start hiding and disabling the grab (this reduce visual noise on very small window and facilitate using the window resize grab)
+    float alpha = 1.0f;
+    if ((axis == ImGuiAxis_Y) && bb_frame_height < g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f)
+        alpha = ImSaturate((bb_frame_height - g.FontSize) / (g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+    if (alpha <= 0.0f)
+        return false;
+
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const bool allow_interaction = (alpha >= 1.0f);
+
+    ImRect bb = bb_frame;
+    bb.Expand(ImVec2(-ImClamp(IM_FLOOR((bb_frame_width - 2.0f) * 0.5f), 0.0f, 3.0f), -ImClamp(IM_FLOOR((bb_frame_height - 2.0f) * 0.5f), 0.0f, 3.0f)));
+
+    // V denote the main, longer axis of the scrollbar (= height for a vertical scrollbar)
+    const float scrollbar_size_v = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? bb.GetWidth() : bb.GetHeight();
+
+    // Calculate the height of our grabbable box. It generally represent the amount visible (vs the total scrollable amount)
+    // But we maintain a minimum size in pixel to allow for the user to still aim inside.
+    IM_ASSERT(ImMax(size_contents_v, size_avail_v) > 0.0f); // Adding this assert to check if the ImMax(XXX,1.0f) is still needed. PLEASE CONTACT ME if this triggers.
+    const ImS64 win_size_v = ImMax(ImMax(size_contents_v, size_avail_v), (ImS64)1);
+    const float grab_h_pixels = ImClamp(scrollbar_size_v * ((float)size_avail_v / (float)win_size_v), style.GrabMinSize, scrollbar_size_v);
+    const float grab_h_norm = grab_h_pixels / scrollbar_size_v;
+
+    // Handle input right away. None of the code of Begin() is relying on scrolling position before calling Scrollbar().
+    bool held = false;
+    bool hovered = false;
+    ItemAdd(bb_frame, id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav);
+    ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_NoNavFocus);
+
+    const ImS64 scroll_max = ImMax((ImS64)1, size_contents_v - size_avail_v);
+    float scroll_ratio = ImSaturate((float)*p_scroll_v / (float)scroll_max);
+    float grab_v_norm = scroll_ratio * (scrollbar_size_v - grab_h_pixels) / scrollbar_size_v; // Grab position in normalized space
+    if (held && allow_interaction && grab_h_norm < 1.0f)
+    {
+        const float scrollbar_pos_v = bb.Min[axis];
+        const float mouse_pos_v = g.IO.MousePos[axis];
+
+        // Click position in scrollbar normalized space (0.0f->1.0f)
+        const float clicked_v_norm = ImSaturate((mouse_pos_v - scrollbar_pos_v) / scrollbar_size_v);
+        SetHoveredID(id);
+
+        bool seek_absolute = false;
+        if (g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+        {
+            // On initial click calculate the distance between mouse and the center of the grab
+            seek_absolute = (clicked_v_norm < grab_v_norm || clicked_v_norm > grab_v_norm + grab_h_norm);
+            if (seek_absolute)
+                g.ScrollbarClickDeltaToGrabCenter = 0.0f;
+            else
+                g.ScrollbarClickDeltaToGrabCenter = clicked_v_norm - grab_v_norm - grab_h_norm * 0.5f;
+        }
+
+        // Apply scroll (p_scroll_v will generally point on one member of window->Scroll)
+        // It is ok to modify Scroll here because we are being called in Begin() after the calculation of ContentSize and before setting up our starting position
+        const float scroll_v_norm = ImSaturate((clicked_v_norm - g.ScrollbarClickDeltaToGrabCenter - grab_h_norm * 0.5f) / (1.0f - grab_h_norm));
+        *p_scroll_v = (ImS64)(scroll_v_norm * scroll_max);
+
+        // Update values for rendering
+        scroll_ratio = ImSaturate((float)*p_scroll_v / (float)scroll_max);
+        grab_v_norm = scroll_ratio * (scrollbar_size_v - grab_h_pixels) / scrollbar_size_v;
+
+        // Update distance to grab now that we have seeked and saturated
+        if (seek_absolute)
+            g.ScrollbarClickDeltaToGrabCenter = clicked_v_norm - grab_v_norm - grab_h_norm * 0.5f;
+    }
+
+    // Render
+    const ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg);
+    const ImU32 grab_col = GetColorU32(held ? ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered : ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab, alpha);
+    window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb_frame.Min, bb_frame.Max, bg_col, window->WindowRounding, flags);
+    ImRect grab_rect;
+    if (axis == ImGuiAxis_X)
+        grab_rect = ImRect(ImLerp(bb.Min.x, bb.Max.x, grab_v_norm), bb.Min.y, ImLerp(bb.Min.x, bb.Max.x, grab_v_norm) + grab_h_pixels, bb.Max.y);
+    else
+        grab_rect = ImRect(bb.Min.x, ImLerp(bb.Min.y, bb.Max.y, grab_v_norm), bb.Max.x, ImLerp(bb.Min.y, bb.Max.y, grab_v_norm) + grab_h_pixels);
+    window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(grab_rect.Min, grab_rect.Max, grab_col, style.ScrollbarRounding);
+
+    return held;
+}
+
+void ImGui::Image(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0, const ImVec2& uv1, const ImVec4& tint_col, const ImVec4& border_col)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size);
+    if (border_col.w > 0.0f)
+        bb.Max += ImVec2(2, 2);
+    ItemSize(bb);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, 0))
+        return;
+
+    if (border_col.w > 0.0f)
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(border_col), 0.0f);
+        window->DrawList->AddImage(user_texture_id, bb.Min + ImVec2(1, 1), bb.Max - ImVec2(1, 1), uv0, uv1, GetColorU32(tint_col));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddImage(user_texture_id, bb.Min, bb.Max, uv0, uv1, GetColorU32(tint_col));
+    }
+}
+
+// ImageButton() is flawed as 'id' is always derived from 'texture_id' (see #2464 #1390)
+// We provide this internal helper to write your own variant while we figure out how to redesign the public ImageButton() API.
+bool ImGui::ImageButtonEx(ImGuiID id, ImTextureID texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0, const ImVec2& uv1, const ImVec4& bg_col, const ImVec4& tint_col, ImGuiButtonFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const ImVec2 padding = g.Style.FramePadding;
+    const ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size + padding * 2.0f);
+    ItemSize(bb);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+        return false;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, flags);
+
+    // Render
+    const ImU32 col = GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_ButtonActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered : ImGuiCol_Button);
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id);
+    RenderFrame(bb.Min, bb.Max, col, true, ImClamp((float)ImMin(padding.x, padding.y), 0.0f, g.Style.FrameRounding));
+    if (bg_col.w > 0.0f)
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb.Min + padding, bb.Max - padding, GetColorU32(bg_col));
+    window->DrawList->AddImage(texture_id, bb.Min + padding, bb.Max - padding, uv0, uv1, GetColorU32(tint_col));
+
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::ImageButton(const char* str_id, ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0, const ImVec2& uv1, const ImVec4& bg_col, const ImVec4& tint_col)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    return ImageButtonEx(window->GetID(str_id), user_texture_id, size, uv0, uv1, bg_col, tint_col);
+}
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+// Legacy API obsoleted in 1.89. Two differences with new ImageButton()
+// - new ImageButton() requires an explicit 'const char* str_id'    Old ImageButton() used opaque imTextureId (created issue with: multiple buttons with same image, transient texture id values, opaque computation of ID)
+// - new ImageButton() always use style.FramePadding                Old ImageButton() had an override argument.
+// If you need to change padding with new ImageButton() you can use PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, value), consistent with other Button functions.
+bool ImGui::ImageButton(ImTextureID user_texture_id, const ImVec2& size, const ImVec2& uv0, const ImVec2& uv1, int frame_padding, const ImVec4& bg_col, const ImVec4& tint_col)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    // Default to using texture ID as ID. User can still push string/integer prefixes.
+    PushID((void*)(intptr_t)user_texture_id);
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID("#image");
+    PopID();
+
+    if (frame_padding >= 0)
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, ImVec2((float)frame_padding, (float)frame_padding));
+    bool ret = ImageButtonEx(id, user_texture_id, size, uv0, uv1, bg_col, tint_col);
+    if (frame_padding >= 0)
+        PopStyleVar();
+    return ret;
+}
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+
+bool ImGui::Checkbox(const char* label, bool* v)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    const float square_sz = GetFrameHeight();
+    const ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    const ImRect total_bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(square_sz + (label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f), label_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+    ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, id))
+    {
+        IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checkable | (*v ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checked : 0));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(total_bb, id, &hovered, &held);
+    if (pressed)
+    {
+        *v = !(*v);
+        MarkItemEdited(id);
+    }
+
+    const ImRect check_bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(square_sz, square_sz));
+    RenderNavHighlight(total_bb, id);
+    RenderFrame(check_bb.Min, check_bb.Max, GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered : ImGuiCol_FrameBg), true, style.FrameRounding);
+    ImU32 check_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_CheckMark);
+    bool mixed_value = (g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_MixedValue) != 0;
+    if (mixed_value)
+    {
+        // Undocumented tristate/mixed/indeterminate checkbox (#2644)
+        // This may seem awkwardly designed because the aim is to make ImGuiItemFlags_MixedValue supported by all widgets (not just checkbox)
+        ImVec2 pad(ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR(square_sz / 3.6f)), ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR(square_sz / 3.6f)));
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(check_bb.Min + pad, check_bb.Max - pad, check_col, style.FrameRounding);
+    }
+    else if (*v)
+    {
+        const float pad = ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR(square_sz / 6.0f));
+        RenderCheckMark(window->DrawList, check_bb.Min + ImVec2(pad, pad), check_col, square_sz - pad * 2.0f);
+    }
+
+    ImVec2 label_pos = ImVec2(check_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, check_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogRenderedText(&label_pos, mixed_value ? "[~]" : *v ? "[x]" : "[ ]");
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderText(label_pos, label);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checkable | (*v ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checked : 0));
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+bool ImGui::CheckboxFlagsT(const char* label, T* flags, T flags_value)
+{
+    bool all_on = (*flags & flags_value) == flags_value;
+    bool any_on = (*flags & flags_value) != 0;
+    bool pressed;
+    if (!all_on && any_on)
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        ImGuiItemFlags backup_item_flags = g.CurrentItemFlags;
+        g.CurrentItemFlags |= ImGuiItemFlags_MixedValue;
+        pressed = Checkbox(label, &all_on);
+        g.CurrentItemFlags = backup_item_flags;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        pressed = Checkbox(label, &all_on);
+
+    }
+    if (pressed)
+    {
+        if (all_on)
+            *flags |= flags_value;
+        else
+            *flags &= ~flags_value;
+    }
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::CheckboxFlags(const char* label, int* flags, int flags_value)
+{
+    return CheckboxFlagsT(label, flags, flags_value);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::CheckboxFlags(const char* label, unsigned int* flags, unsigned int flags_value)
+{
+    return CheckboxFlagsT(label, flags, flags_value);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::CheckboxFlags(const char* label, ImS64* flags, ImS64 flags_value)
+{
+    return CheckboxFlagsT(label, flags, flags_value);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::CheckboxFlags(const char* label, ImU64* flags, ImU64 flags_value)
+{
+    return CheckboxFlagsT(label, flags, flags_value);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::RadioButton(const char* label, bool active)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    const float square_sz = GetFrameHeight();
+    const ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    const ImRect check_bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(square_sz, square_sz));
+    const ImRect total_bb(pos, pos + ImVec2(square_sz + (label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f), label_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+    ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, id))
+        return false;
+
+    ImVec2 center = check_bb.GetCenter();
+    center.x = IM_ROUND(center.x);
+    center.y = IM_ROUND(center.y);
+    const float radius = (square_sz - 1.0f) * 0.5f;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(total_bb, id, &hovered, &held);
+    if (pressed)
+        MarkItemEdited(id);
+
+    RenderNavHighlight(total_bb, id);
+    const int num_segment = window->DrawList->_CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(radius);
+    window->DrawList->AddCircleFilled(center, radius, GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered : ImGuiCol_FrameBg), num_segment);
+    if (active)
+    {
+        const float pad = ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR(square_sz / 6.0f));
+        window->DrawList->AddCircleFilled(center, radius - pad, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_CheckMark));
+    }
+
+    if (style.FrameBorderSize > 0.0f)
+    {
+        window->DrawList->AddCircle(center + ImVec2(1, 1), radius, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_BorderShadow), num_segment, style.FrameBorderSize);
+        window->DrawList->AddCircle(center, radius, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border), num_segment, style.FrameBorderSize);
+    }
+
+    ImVec2 label_pos = ImVec2(check_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, check_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogRenderedText(&label_pos, active ? "(x)" : "( )");
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderText(label_pos, label);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags);
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+// FIXME: This would work nicely if it was a public template, e.g. 'template<T> RadioButton(const char* label, T* v, T v_button)', but I'm not sure how we would expose it..
+bool ImGui::RadioButton(const char* label, int* v, int v_button)
+{
+    const bool pressed = RadioButton(label, *v == v_button);
+    if (pressed)
+        *v = v_button;
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+// size_arg (for each axis) < 0.0f: align to end, 0.0f: auto, > 0.0f: specified size
+void ImGui::ProgressBar(float fraction, const ImVec2& size_arg, const char* overlay)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    ImVec2 size = CalcItemSize(size_arg, CalcItemWidth(), g.FontSize + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f);
+    ImRect bb(pos, pos + size);
+    ItemSize(size, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, 0))
+        return;
+
+    // Render
+    fraction = ImSaturate(fraction);
+    RenderFrame(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_FrameBg), true, style.FrameRounding);
+    bb.Expand(ImVec2(-style.FrameBorderSize, -style.FrameBorderSize));
+    const ImVec2 fill_br = ImVec2(ImLerp(bb.Min.x, bb.Max.x, fraction), bb.Max.y);
+    RenderRectFilledRangeH(window->DrawList, bb, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram), 0.0f, fraction, style.FrameRounding);
+
+    // Default displaying the fraction as percentage string, but user can override it
+    char overlay_buf[32];
+    if (!overlay)
+    {
+        ImFormatString(overlay_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(overlay_buf), "%.0f%%", fraction * 100 + 0.01f);
+        overlay = overlay_buf;
+    }
+
+    ImVec2 overlay_size = CalcTextSize(overlay, NULL);
+    if (overlay_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderTextClipped(ImVec2(ImClamp(fill_br.x + style.ItemSpacing.x, bb.Min.x, bb.Max.x - overlay_size.x - style.ItemInnerSpacing.x), bb.Min.y), bb.Max, overlay, NULL, &overlay_size, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.5f), &bb);
+}
+
+void ImGui::Bullet()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const float line_height = ImMax(ImMin(window->DC.CurrLineSize.y, g.FontSize + style.FramePadding.y * 2), g.FontSize);
+    const ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + ImVec2(g.FontSize, line_height));
+    ItemSize(bb);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, 0))
+    {
+        SameLine(0, style.FramePadding.x * 2);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Render and stay on same line
+    ImU32 text_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+    RenderBullet(window->DrawList, bb.Min + ImVec2(style.FramePadding.x + g.FontSize * 0.5f, line_height * 0.5f), text_col);
+    SameLine(0, style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Low-level Layout helpers
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - Spacing()
+// - Dummy()
+// - NewLine()
+// - AlignTextToFramePadding()
+// - SeparatorEx() [Internal]
+// - Separator()
+// - SplitterBehavior() [Internal]
+// - ShrinkWidths() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::Spacing()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+    ItemSize(ImVec2(0, 0));
+}
+
+void ImGui::Dummy(const ImVec2& size)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    const ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size);
+    ItemSize(size);
+    ItemAdd(bb, 0);
+}
+
+void ImGui::NewLine()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiLayoutType backup_layout_type = window->DC.LayoutType;
+    window->DC.LayoutType = ImGuiLayoutType_Vertical;
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = false;
+    if (window->DC.CurrLineSize.y > 0.0f)     // In the event that we are on a line with items that is smaller that FontSize high, we will preserve its height.
+        ItemSize(ImVec2(0, 0));
+    else
+        ItemSize(ImVec2(0.0f, g.FontSize));
+    window->DC.LayoutType = backup_layout_type;
+}
+
+void ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    window->DC.CurrLineSize.y = ImMax(window->DC.CurrLineSize.y, g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2);
+    window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset = ImMax(window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset, g.Style.FramePadding.y);
+}
+
+// Horizontal/vertical separating line
+// FIXME: Surprisingly, this seemingly simple widget is adjacent to MANY different legacy/tricky layout issues.
+void ImGui::SeparatorEx(ImGuiSeparatorFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & (ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Horizontal | ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Vertical)));   // Check that only 1 option is selected
+
+    const float thickness = 1.0f; // Cannot use g.Style.SeparatorTextSize yet for various reasons.
+    if (flags & ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Vertical)
+    {
+        // Vertical separator, for menu bars (use current line height).
+        float y1 = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+        float y2 = window->DC.CursorPos.y + window->DC.CurrLineSize.y;
+        const ImRect bb(ImVec2(window->DC.CursorPos.x, y1), ImVec2(window->DC.CursorPos.x + thickness, y2));
+        ItemSize(ImVec2(thickness, 0.0f));
+        if (!ItemAdd(bb, 0))
+            return;
+
+        // Draw
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Separator));
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogText(" |");
+    }
+    else if (flags & ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Horizontal)
+    {
+        // Horizontal Separator
+        float x1 = window->Pos.x;
+        float x2 = window->Pos.x + window->Size.x;
+
+        // FIXME-WORKRECT: old hack (#205) until we decide of consistent behavior with WorkRect/Indent and Separator
+        if (g.GroupStack.Size > 0 && g.GroupStack.back().WindowID == window->ID)
+            x1 += window->DC.Indent.x;
+
+        // FIXME-WORKRECT: In theory we should simply be using WorkRect.Min.x/Max.x everywhere but it isn't aesthetically what we want,
+        // need to introduce a variant of WorkRect for that purpose. (#4787)
+        if (ImGuiTable* table = g.CurrentTable)
+        {
+            x1 = table->Columns[table->CurrentColumn].MinX;
+            x2 = table->Columns[table->CurrentColumn].MaxX;
+        }
+
+        ImGuiOldColumns* columns = (flags & ImGuiSeparatorFlags_SpanAllColumns) ? window->DC.CurrentColumns : NULL;
+        if (columns)
+            PushColumnsBackground();
+
+        // We don't provide our width to the layout so that it doesn't get feed back into AutoFit
+        // FIXME: This prevents ->CursorMaxPos based bounding box evaluation from working (e.g. TableEndCell)
+        const float thickness_for_layout = (thickness == 1.0f) ? 0.0f : thickness; // FIXME: See 1.70/1.71 Separator() change: makes legacy 1-px separator not affect layout yet. Should change.
+        const ImRect bb(ImVec2(x1, window->DC.CursorPos.y), ImVec2(x2, window->DC.CursorPos.y + thickness));
+        ItemSize(ImVec2(0.0f, thickness_for_layout));
+        const bool item_visible = ItemAdd(bb, 0);
+        if (item_visible)
+        {
+            // Draw
+            window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Separator));
+            if (g.LogEnabled)
+                LogRenderedText(&bb.Min, "--------------------------------\n");
+
+        }
+        if (columns)
+        {
+            PopColumnsBackground();
+            columns->LineMinY = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::Separator()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    // Those flags should eventually be overridable by the user
+    ImGuiSeparatorFlags flags = (window->DC.LayoutType == ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal) ? ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Vertical : ImGuiSeparatorFlags_Horizontal;
+    flags |= ImGuiSeparatorFlags_SpanAllColumns; // NB: this only applies to legacy Columns() api as they relied on Separator() a lot.
+    SeparatorEx(flags);
+}
+
+void ImGui::SeparatorTextEx(ImGuiID id, const char* label, const char* label_end, float extra_w)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, label_end, false);
+    const ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    const ImVec2 padding = style.SeparatorTextPadding;
+
+    const float separator_thickness = style.SeparatorTextBorderSize;
+    const ImVec2 min_size(label_size.x + extra_w + padding.x * 2.0f, ImMax(label_size.y + padding.y * 2.0f, separator_thickness));
+    const ImRect bb(pos, ImVec2(window->WorkRect.Max.x, pos.y + min_size.y));
+    const float text_baseline_y = ImFloor((bb.GetHeight() - label_size.y) * style.SeparatorTextAlign.y + 0.99999f); //ImMax(padding.y, ImFloor((style.SeparatorTextSize - label_size.y) * 0.5f));
+    ItemSize(min_size, text_baseline_y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+        return;
+
+    const float sep1_x1 = pos.x;
+    const float sep2_x2 = bb.Max.x;
+    const float seps_y = ImFloor((bb.Min.y + bb.Max.y) * 0.5f + 0.99999f);
+
+    const float label_avail_w = ImMax(0.0f, sep2_x2 - sep1_x1 - padding.x * 2.0f);
+    const ImVec2 label_pos(pos.x + padding.x + ImMax(0.0f, (label_avail_w - label_size.x - extra_w) * style.SeparatorTextAlign.x), pos.y + text_baseline_y); // FIXME-ALIGN
+
+    // This allows using SameLine() to position something in the 'extra_w'
+    window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine.x = label_pos.x + label_size.x;
+
+    const ImU32 separator_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Separator);
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+    {
+        const float sep1_x2 = label_pos.x - style.ItemSpacing.x;
+        const float sep2_x1 = label_pos.x + label_size.x + extra_w + style.ItemSpacing.x;
+        if (sep1_x2 > sep1_x1 && separator_thickness > 0.0f)
+            window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(sep1_x1, seps_y), ImVec2(sep1_x2, seps_y), separator_col, separator_thickness);
+        if (sep2_x2 > sep2_x1 && separator_thickness > 0.0f)
+            window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(sep2_x1, seps_y), ImVec2(sep2_x2, seps_y), separator_col, separator_thickness);
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogSetNextTextDecoration("---", NULL);
+        RenderTextEllipsis(window->DrawList, label_pos, ImVec2(bb.Max.x, bb.Max.y + style.ItemSpacing.y), bb.Max.x, bb.Max.x, label, label_end, &label_size);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogText("---");
+        if (separator_thickness > 0.0f)
+            window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(sep1_x1, seps_y), ImVec2(sep2_x2, seps_y), separator_col, separator_thickness);
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::SeparatorText(const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    // The SeparatorText() vs SeparatorTextEx() distinction is designed to be considerate that we may want:
+    // - allow headers to be draggable items (would require a stable ID + a noticeable highlight)
+    // - this high-level entry point to allow formatting? (may require ID separate from formatted string)
+    // - because of this we probably can't turn 'const char* label' into 'const char* fmt, ...'
+    // Otherwise, we can decide that users wanting to drag this would layout a dedicated drag-item,
+    // and then we can turn this into a format function.
+    SeparatorTextEx(0, label, FindRenderedTextEnd(label), 0.0f);
+}
+
+// Using 'hover_visibility_delay' allows us to hide the highlight and mouse cursor for a short time, which can be convenient to reduce visual noise.
+bool ImGui::SplitterBehavior(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiAxis axis, float* size1, float* size2, float min_size1, float min_size2, float hover_extend, float hover_visibility_delay, ImU32 bg_col)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav))
+        return false;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    ImRect bb_interact = bb;
+    bb_interact.Expand(axis == ImGuiAxis_Y ? ImVec2(0.0f, hover_extend) : ImVec2(hover_extend, 0.0f));
+    ButtonBehavior(bb_interact, id, &hovered, &held, ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren | ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+    if (hovered)
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect; // for IsItemHovered(), because bb_interact is larger than bb
+    if (g.ActiveId != id)
+        SetItemAllowOverlap();
+
+    if (held || (hovered && g.HoveredIdPreviousFrame == id && g.HoveredIdTimer >= hover_visibility_delay))
+        SetMouseCursor(axis == ImGuiAxis_Y ? ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNS : ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeEW);
+
+    ImRect bb_render = bb;
+    if (held)
+    {
+        ImVec2 mouse_delta_2d = g.IO.MousePos - g.ActiveIdClickOffset - bb_interact.Min;
+        float mouse_delta = (axis == ImGuiAxis_Y) ? mouse_delta_2d.y : mouse_delta_2d.x;
+
+        // Minimum pane size
+        float size_1_maximum_delta = ImMax(0.0f, *size1 - min_size1);
+        float size_2_maximum_delta = ImMax(0.0f, *size2 - min_size2);
+        if (mouse_delta < -size_1_maximum_delta)
+            mouse_delta = -size_1_maximum_delta;
+        if (mouse_delta > size_2_maximum_delta)
+            mouse_delta = size_2_maximum_delta;
+
+        // Apply resize
+        if (mouse_delta != 0.0f)
+        {
+            if (mouse_delta < 0.0f)
+                IM_ASSERT(*size1 + mouse_delta >= min_size1);
+            if (mouse_delta > 0.0f)
+                IM_ASSERT(*size2 - mouse_delta >= min_size2);
+            *size1 += mouse_delta;
+            *size2 -= mouse_delta;
+            bb_render.Translate((axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? ImVec2(mouse_delta, 0.0f) : ImVec2(0.0f, mouse_delta));
+            MarkItemEdited(id);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Render at new position
+    if (bg_col & IM_COL32_A_MASK)
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb_render.Min, bb_render.Max, bg_col, 0.0f);
+    const ImU32 col = GetColorU32(held ? ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive : (hovered && g.HoveredIdTimer >= hover_visibility_delay) ? ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered : ImGuiCol_Separator);
+    window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb_render.Min, bb_render.Max, col, 0.0f);
+
+    return held;
+}
+
+static int IMGUI_CDECL ShrinkWidthItemComparer(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+{
+    const ImGuiShrinkWidthItem* a = (const ImGuiShrinkWidthItem*)lhs;
+    const ImGuiShrinkWidthItem* b = (const ImGuiShrinkWidthItem*)rhs;
+    if (int d = (int)(b->Width - a->Width))
+        return d;
+    return (b->Index - a->Index);
+}
+
+// Shrink excess width from a set of item, by removing width from the larger items first.
+// Set items Width to -1.0f to disable shrinking this item.
+void ImGui::ShrinkWidths(ImGuiShrinkWidthItem* items, int count, float width_excess)
+{
+    if (count == 1)
+    {
+        if (items[0].Width >= 0.0f)
+            items[0].Width = ImMax(items[0].Width - width_excess, 1.0f);
+        return;
+    }
+    ImQsort(items, (size_t)count, sizeof(ImGuiShrinkWidthItem), ShrinkWidthItemComparer);
+    int count_same_width = 1;
+    while (width_excess > 0.0f && count_same_width < count)
+    {
+        while (count_same_width < count && items[0].Width <= items[count_same_width].Width)
+            count_same_width++;
+        float max_width_to_remove_per_item = (count_same_width < count && items[count_same_width].Width >= 0.0f) ? (items[0].Width - items[count_same_width].Width) : (items[0].Width - 1.0f);
+        if (max_width_to_remove_per_item <= 0.0f)
+            break;
+        float width_to_remove_per_item = ImMin(width_excess / count_same_width, max_width_to_remove_per_item);
+        for (int item_n = 0; item_n < count_same_width; item_n++)
+            items[item_n].Width -= width_to_remove_per_item;
+        width_excess -= width_to_remove_per_item * count_same_width;
+    }
+
+    // Round width and redistribute remainder
+    // Ensure that e.g. the right-most tab of a shrunk tab-bar always reaches exactly at the same distance from the right-most edge of the tab bar separator.
+    width_excess = 0.0f;
+    for (int n = 0; n < count; n++)
+    {
+        float width_rounded = ImFloor(items[n].Width);
+        width_excess += items[n].Width - width_rounded;
+        items[n].Width = width_rounded;
+    }
+    while (width_excess > 0.0f)
+        for (int n = 0; n < count && width_excess > 0.0f; n++)
+        {
+            float width_to_add = ImMin(items[n].InitialWidth - items[n].Width, 1.0f);
+            items[n].Width += width_to_add;
+            width_excess -= width_to_add;
+        }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: ComboBox
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - CalcMaxPopupHeightFromItemCount() [Internal]
+// - BeginCombo()
+// - BeginComboPopup() [Internal]
+// - EndCombo()
+// - BeginComboPreview() [Internal]
+// - EndComboPreview() [Internal]
+// - Combo()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static float CalcMaxPopupHeightFromItemCount(int items_count)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (items_count <= 0)
+        return FLT_MAX;
+    return (g.FontSize + g.Style.ItemSpacing.y) * items_count - g.Style.ItemSpacing.y + (g.Style.WindowPadding.y * 2);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginCombo(const char* label, const char* preview_value, ImGuiComboFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+
+    ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags backup_next_window_data_flags = g.NextWindowData.Flags;
+    g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags(); // We behave like Begin() and need to consume those values
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & (ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton | ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview)) != (ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton | ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview)); // Can't use both flags together
+
+    const float arrow_size = (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton) ? 0.0f : GetFrameHeight();
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    const float w = (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview) ? arrow_size : CalcItemWidth();
+    const ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + ImVec2(w, label_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+    const ImRect total_bb(bb.Min, bb.Max + ImVec2(label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f, 0.0f));
+    ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, id, &bb))
+        return false;
+
+    // Open on click
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held);
+    const ImGuiID popup_id = ImHashStr("##ComboPopup", 0, id);
+    bool popup_open = IsPopupOpen(popup_id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None);
+    if (pressed && !popup_open)
+    {
+        OpenPopupEx(popup_id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None);
+        popup_open = true;
+    }
+
+    // Render shape
+    const ImU32 frame_col = GetColorU32(hovered ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered : ImGuiCol_FrameBg);
+    const float value_x2 = ImMax(bb.Min.x, bb.Max.x - arrow_size);
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id);
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview))
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb.Min, ImVec2(value_x2, bb.Max.y), frame_col, style.FrameRounding, (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton) ? ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersLeft);
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiComboFlags_NoArrowButton))
+    {
+        ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32((popup_open || hovered) ? ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered : ImGuiCol_Button);
+        ImU32 text_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(ImVec2(value_x2, bb.Min.y), bb.Max, bg_col, style.FrameRounding, (w <= arrow_size) ? ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersAll : ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersRight);
+        if (value_x2 + arrow_size - style.FramePadding.x <= bb.Max.x)
+            RenderArrow(window->DrawList, ImVec2(value_x2 + style.FramePadding.y, bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), text_col, ImGuiDir_Down, 1.0f);
+    }
+    RenderFrameBorder(bb.Min, bb.Max, style.FrameRounding);
+
+    // Custom preview
+    if (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_CustomPreview)
+    {
+        g.ComboPreviewData.PreviewRect = ImRect(bb.Min.x, bb.Min.y, value_x2, bb.Max.y);
+        IM_ASSERT(preview_value == NULL || preview_value[0] == 0);
+        preview_value = NULL;
+    }
+
+    // Render preview and label
+    if (preview_value != NULL && !(flags & ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview))
+    {
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogSetNextTextDecoration("{", "}");
+        RenderTextClipped(bb.Min + style.FramePadding, ImVec2(value_x2, bb.Max.y), preview_value, NULL, NULL);
+    }
+    if (label_size.x > 0)
+        RenderText(ImVec2(bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), label);
+
+    if (!popup_open)
+        return false;
+
+    g.NextWindowData.Flags = backup_next_window_data_flags;
+    return BeginComboPopup(popup_id, bb, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginComboPopup(ImGuiID popup_id, const ImRect& bb, ImGuiComboFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (!IsPopupOpen(popup_id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None))
+    {
+        g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags();
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Set popup size
+    float w = bb.GetWidth();
+    if (g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSizeConstraint)
+    {
+        g.NextWindowData.SizeConstraintRect.Min.x = ImMax(g.NextWindowData.SizeConstraintRect.Min.x, w);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if ((flags & ImGuiComboFlags_HeightMask_) == 0)
+            flags |= ImGuiComboFlags_HeightRegular;
+        IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiComboFlags_HeightMask_)); // Only one
+        int popup_max_height_in_items = -1;
+        if (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_HeightRegular)     popup_max_height_in_items = 8;
+        else if (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_HeightSmall)  popup_max_height_in_items = 4;
+        else if (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_HeightLarge)  popup_max_height_in_items = 20;
+        ImVec2 constraint_min(0.0f, 0.0f), constraint_max(FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+        if ((g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSize) == 0 || g.NextWindowData.SizeVal.x <= 0.0f) // Don't apply constraints if user specified a size
+            constraint_min.x = w;
+        if ((g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSize) == 0 || g.NextWindowData.SizeVal.y <= 0.0f)
+            constraint_max.y = CalcMaxPopupHeightFromItemCount(popup_max_height_in_items);
+        SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(constraint_min, constraint_max);
+    }
+
+    // This is essentially a specialized version of BeginPopupEx()
+    char name[16];
+    ImFormatString(name, IM_ARRAYSIZE(name), "##Combo_%02d", g.BeginPopupStack.Size); // Recycle windows based on depth
+
+    // Set position given a custom constraint (peak into expected window size so we can position it)
+    // FIXME: This might be easier to express with an hypothetical SetNextWindowPosConstraints() function?
+    // FIXME: This might be moved to Begin() or at least around the same spot where Tooltips and other Popups are calling FindBestWindowPosForPopupEx()?
+    if (ImGuiWindow* popup_window = FindWindowByName(name))
+        if (popup_window->WasActive)
+        {
+            // Always override 'AutoPosLastDirection' to not leave a chance for a past value to affect us.
+            ImVec2 size_expected = CalcWindowNextAutoFitSize(popup_window);
+            popup_window->AutoPosLastDirection = (flags & ImGuiComboFlags_PopupAlignLeft) ? ImGuiDir_Left : ImGuiDir_Down; // Left = "Below, Toward Left", Down = "Below, Toward Right (default)"
+            ImRect r_outer = GetPopupAllowedExtentRect(popup_window);
+            ImVec2 pos = FindBestWindowPosForPopupEx(bb.GetBL(), size_expected, &popup_window->AutoPosLastDirection, r_outer, bb, ImGuiPopupPositionPolicy_ComboBox);
+            SetNextWindowPos(pos);
+        }
+
+    // We don't use BeginPopupEx() solely because we have a custom name string, which we could make an argument to BeginPopupEx()
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove;
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(g.Style.FramePadding.x, g.Style.WindowPadding.y)); // Horizontally align ourselves with the framed text
+    bool ret = Begin(name, NULL, window_flags);
+    PopStyleVar();
+    if (!ret)
+    {
+        EndPopup();
+        IM_ASSERT(0);   // This should never happen as we tested for IsPopupOpen() above
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndCombo()
+{
+    EndPopup();
+}
+
+// Call directly after the BeginCombo/EndCombo block. The preview is designed to only host non-interactive elements
+// (Experimental, see GitHub issues: #1658, #4168)
+bool ImGui::BeginComboPreview()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiComboPreviewData* preview_data = &g.ComboPreviewData;
+
+    if (window->SkipItems || !(g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Visible))
+        return false;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.LastItemData.Rect.Min.x == preview_data->PreviewRect.Min.x && g.LastItemData.Rect.Min.y == preview_data->PreviewRect.Min.y); // Didn't call after BeginCombo/EndCombo block or forgot to pass ImGuiComboFlags_CustomPreview flag?
+    if (!window->ClipRect.Contains(preview_data->PreviewRect)) // Narrower test (optional)
+        return false;
+
+    // FIXME: This could be contained in a PushWorkRect() api
+    preview_data->BackupCursorPos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    preview_data->BackupCursorMaxPos = window->DC.CursorMaxPos;
+    preview_data->BackupCursorPosPrevLine = window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine;
+    preview_data->BackupPrevLineTextBaseOffset = window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset;
+    preview_data->BackupLayout = window->DC.LayoutType;
+    window->DC.CursorPos = preview_data->PreviewRect.Min + g.Style.FramePadding;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    window->DC.LayoutType = ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal;
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = false;
+    PushClipRect(preview_data->PreviewRect.Min, preview_data->PreviewRect.Max, true);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndComboPreview()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiComboPreviewData* preview_data = &g.ComboPreviewData;
+
+    // FIXME: Using CursorMaxPos approximation instead of correct AABB which we will store in ImDrawCmd in the future
+    ImDrawList* draw_list = window->DrawList;
+    if (window->DC.CursorMaxPos.x < preview_data->PreviewRect.Max.x && window->DC.CursorMaxPos.y < preview_data->PreviewRect.Max.y)
+        if (draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size > 1) // Unlikely case that the PushClipRect() didn't create a command
+        {
+            draw_list->_CmdHeader.ClipRect = draw_list->CmdBuffer[draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size - 1].ClipRect = draw_list->CmdBuffer[draw_list->CmdBuffer.Size - 2].ClipRect;
+            draw_list->_TryMergeDrawCmds();
+        }
+    PopClipRect();
+    window->DC.CursorPos = preview_data->BackupCursorPos;
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos, preview_data->BackupCursorMaxPos);
+    window->DC.CursorPosPrevLine = preview_data->BackupCursorPosPrevLine;
+    window->DC.PrevLineTextBaseOffset = preview_data->BackupPrevLineTextBaseOffset;
+    window->DC.LayoutType = preview_data->BackupLayout;
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = false;
+    preview_data->PreviewRect = ImRect();
+}
+
+// Getter for the old Combo() API: const char*[]
+static bool Items_ArrayGetter(void* data, int idx, const char** out_text)
+{
+    const char* const* items = (const char* const*)data;
+    if (out_text)
+        *out_text = items[idx];
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Getter for the old Combo() API: "item1\0item2\0item3\0"
+static bool Items_SingleStringGetter(void* data, int idx, const char** out_text)
+{
+    // FIXME-OPT: we could pre-compute the indices to fasten this. But only 1 active combo means the waste is limited.
+    const char* items_separated_by_zeros = (const char*)data;
+    int items_count = 0;
+    const char* p = items_separated_by_zeros;
+    while (*p)
+    {
+        if (idx == items_count)
+            break;
+        p += strlen(p) + 1;
+        items_count++;
+    }
+    if (!*p)
+        return false;
+    if (out_text)
+        *out_text = p;
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Old API, prefer using BeginCombo() nowadays if you can.
+bool ImGui::Combo(const char* label, int* current_item, bool (*items_getter)(void*, int, const char**), void* data, int items_count, int popup_max_height_in_items)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Call the getter to obtain the preview string which is a parameter to BeginCombo()
+    const char* preview_value = NULL;
+    if (*current_item >= 0 && *current_item < items_count)
+        items_getter(data, *current_item, &preview_value);
+
+    // The old Combo() API exposed "popup_max_height_in_items". The new more general BeginCombo() API doesn't have/need it, but we emulate it here.
+    if (popup_max_height_in_items != -1 && !(g.NextWindowData.Flags & ImGuiNextWindowDataFlags_HasSizeConstraint))
+        SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(ImVec2(0, 0), ImVec2(FLT_MAX, CalcMaxPopupHeightFromItemCount(popup_max_height_in_items)));
+
+    if (!BeginCombo(label, preview_value, ImGuiComboFlags_None))
+        return false;
+
+    // Display items
+    // FIXME-OPT: Use clipper (but we need to disable it on the appearing frame to make sure our call to SetItemDefaultFocus() is processed)
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < items_count; i++)
+    {
+        PushID(i);
+        const bool item_selected = (i == *current_item);
+        const char* item_text;
+        if (!items_getter(data, i, &item_text))
+            item_text = "*Unknown item*";
+        if (Selectable(item_text, item_selected))
+        {
+            value_changed = true;
+            *current_item = i;
+        }
+        if (item_selected)
+            SetItemDefaultFocus();
+        PopID();
+    }
+
+    EndCombo();
+
+    if (value_changed)
+        MarkItemEdited(g.LastItemData.ID);
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// Combo box helper allowing to pass an array of strings.
+bool ImGui::Combo(const char* label, int* current_item, const char* const items[], int items_count, int height_in_items)
+{
+    const bool value_changed = Combo(label, current_item, Items_ArrayGetter, (void*)items, items_count, height_in_items);
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// Combo box helper allowing to pass all items in a single string literal holding multiple zero-terminated items "item1\0item2\0"
+bool ImGui::Combo(const char* label, int* current_item, const char* items_separated_by_zeros, int height_in_items)
+{
+    int items_count = 0;
+    const char* p = items_separated_by_zeros;       // FIXME-OPT: Avoid computing this, or at least only when combo is open
+    while (*p)
+    {
+        p += strlen(p) + 1;
+        items_count++;
+    }
+    bool value_changed = Combo(label, current_item, Items_SingleStringGetter, (void*)items_separated_by_zeros, items_count, height_in_items);
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Data Type and Data Formatting Helpers [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DataTypeGetInfo()
+// - DataTypeFormatString()
+// - DataTypeApplyOp()
+// - DataTypeApplyOpFromText()
+// - DataTypeCompare()
+// - DataTypeClamp()
+// - GetMinimumStepAtDecimalPrecision
+// - RoundScalarWithFormat<>()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+static const ImGuiDataTypeInfo GDataTypeInfo[] =
+{
+    { sizeof(char),             "S8",   "%d",   "%d"    },  // ImGuiDataType_S8
+    { sizeof(unsigned char),    "U8",   "%u",   "%u"    },
+    { sizeof(short),            "S16",  "%d",   "%d"    },  // ImGuiDataType_S16
+    { sizeof(unsigned short),   "U16",  "%u",   "%u"    },
+    { sizeof(int),              "S32",  "%d",   "%d"    },  // ImGuiDataType_S32
+    { sizeof(unsigned int),     "U32",  "%u",   "%u"    },
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    { sizeof(ImS64),            "S64",  "%I64d","%I64d" },  // ImGuiDataType_S64
+    { sizeof(ImU64),            "U64",  "%I64u","%I64u" },
+#else
+    { sizeof(ImS64),            "S64",  "%lld", "%lld"  },  // ImGuiDataType_S64
+    { sizeof(ImU64),            "U64",  "%llu", "%llu"  },
+#endif
+    { sizeof(float),            "float", "%.3f","%f"    },  // ImGuiDataType_Float (float are promoted to double in va_arg)
+    { sizeof(double),           "double","%f",  "%lf"   },  // ImGuiDataType_Double
+};
+IM_STATIC_ASSERT(IM_ARRAYSIZE(GDataTypeInfo) == ImGuiDataType_COUNT);
+
+const ImGuiDataTypeInfo* ImGui::DataTypeGetInfo(ImGuiDataType data_type)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(data_type >= 0 && data_type < ImGuiDataType_COUNT);
+    return &GDataTypeInfo[data_type];
+}
+
+int ImGui::DataTypeFormatString(char* buf, int buf_size, ImGuiDataType data_type, const void* p_data, const char* format)
+{
+    // Signedness doesn't matter when pushing integer arguments
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_S32 || data_type == ImGuiDataType_U32)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const ImU32*)p_data);
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_S64 || data_type == ImGuiDataType_U64)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const ImU64*)p_data);
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Float)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const float*)p_data);
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Double)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const double*)p_data);
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_S8)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const ImS8*)p_data);
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_U8)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const ImU8*)p_data);
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_S16)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const ImS16*)p_data);
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_U16)
+        return ImFormatString(buf, buf_size, format, *(const ImU16*)p_data);
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DataTypeApplyOp(ImGuiDataType data_type, int op, void* output, const void* arg1, const void* arg2)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(op == '+' || op == '-');
+    switch (data_type)
+    {
+        case ImGuiDataType_S8:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImS8*)output  = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImS8*)arg1,  *(const ImS8*)arg2,  IM_S8_MIN,  IM_S8_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImS8*)output  = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImS8*)arg1,  *(const ImS8*)arg2,  IM_S8_MIN,  IM_S8_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_U8:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImU8*)output  = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImU8*)arg1,  *(const ImU8*)arg2,  IM_U8_MIN,  IM_U8_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImU8*)output  = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImU8*)arg1,  *(const ImU8*)arg2,  IM_U8_MIN,  IM_U8_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_S16:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImS16*)output = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImS16*)arg1, *(const ImS16*)arg2, IM_S16_MIN, IM_S16_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImS16*)output = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImS16*)arg1, *(const ImS16*)arg2, IM_S16_MIN, IM_S16_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_U16:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImU16*)output = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImU16*)arg1, *(const ImU16*)arg2, IM_U16_MIN, IM_U16_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImU16*)output = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImU16*)arg1, *(const ImU16*)arg2, IM_U16_MIN, IM_U16_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_S32:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImS32*)output = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImS32*)arg1, *(const ImS32*)arg2, IM_S32_MIN, IM_S32_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImS32*)output = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImS32*)arg1, *(const ImS32*)arg2, IM_S32_MIN, IM_S32_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_U32:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImU32*)output = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImU32*)arg1, *(const ImU32*)arg2, IM_U32_MIN, IM_U32_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImU32*)output = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImU32*)arg1, *(const ImU32*)arg2, IM_U32_MIN, IM_U32_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_S64:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImS64*)output = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImS64*)arg1, *(const ImS64*)arg2, IM_S64_MIN, IM_S64_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImS64*)output = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImS64*)arg1, *(const ImS64*)arg2, IM_S64_MIN, IM_S64_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_U64:
+            if (op == '+') { *(ImU64*)output = ImAddClampOverflow(*(const ImU64*)arg1, *(const ImU64*)arg2, IM_U64_MIN, IM_U64_MAX); }
+            if (op == '-') { *(ImU64*)output = ImSubClampOverflow(*(const ImU64*)arg1, *(const ImU64*)arg2, IM_U64_MIN, IM_U64_MAX); }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_Float:
+            if (op == '+') { *(float*)output = *(const float*)arg1 + *(const float*)arg2; }
+            if (op == '-') { *(float*)output = *(const float*)arg1 - *(const float*)arg2; }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_Double:
+            if (op == '+') { *(double*)output = *(const double*)arg1 + *(const double*)arg2; }
+            if (op == '-') { *(double*)output = *(const double*)arg1 - *(const double*)arg2; }
+            return;
+        case ImGuiDataType_COUNT: break;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+}
+
+// User can input math operators (e.g. +100) to edit a numerical values.
+// NB: This is _not_ a full expression evaluator. We should probably add one and replace this dumb mess..
+bool ImGui::DataTypeApplyFromText(const char* buf, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const char* format)
+{
+    while (ImCharIsBlankA(*buf))
+        buf++;
+    if (!buf[0])
+        return false;
+
+    // Copy the value in an opaque buffer so we can compare at the end of the function if it changed at all.
+    const ImGuiDataTypeInfo* type_info = DataTypeGetInfo(data_type);
+    ImGuiDataTypeTempStorage data_backup;
+    memcpy(&data_backup, p_data, type_info->Size);
+
+    // Sanitize format
+    // For float/double we have to ignore format with precision (e.g. "%.2f") because sscanf doesn't take them in, so force them into %f and %lf
+    char format_sanitized[32];
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Float || data_type == ImGuiDataType_Double)
+        format = type_info->ScanFmt;
+    else
+        format = ImParseFormatSanitizeForScanning(format, format_sanitized, IM_ARRAYSIZE(format_sanitized));
+
+    // Small types need a 32-bit buffer to receive the result from scanf()
+    int v32 = 0;
+    if (sscanf(buf, format, type_info->Size >= 4 ? p_data : &v32) < 1)
+        return false;
+    if (type_info->Size < 4)
+    {
+        if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_S8)
+            *(ImS8*)p_data = (ImS8)ImClamp(v32, (int)IM_S8_MIN, (int)IM_S8_MAX);
+        else if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_U8)
+            *(ImU8*)p_data = (ImU8)ImClamp(v32, (int)IM_U8_MIN, (int)IM_U8_MAX);
+        else if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_S16)
+            *(ImS16*)p_data = (ImS16)ImClamp(v32, (int)IM_S16_MIN, (int)IM_S16_MAX);
+        else if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_U16)
+            *(ImU16*)p_data = (ImU16)ImClamp(v32, (int)IM_U16_MIN, (int)IM_U16_MAX);
+        else
+            IM_ASSERT(0);
+    }
+
+    return memcmp(&data_backup, p_data, type_info->Size) != 0;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static int DataTypeCompareT(const T* lhs, const T* rhs)
+{
+    if (*lhs < *rhs) return -1;
+    if (*lhs > *rhs) return +1;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int ImGui::DataTypeCompare(ImGuiDataType data_type, const void* arg_1, const void* arg_2)
+{
+    switch (data_type)
+    {
+    case ImGuiDataType_S8:     return DataTypeCompareT<ImS8  >((const ImS8*  )arg_1, (const ImS8*  )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U8:     return DataTypeCompareT<ImU8  >((const ImU8*  )arg_1, (const ImU8*  )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S16:    return DataTypeCompareT<ImS16 >((const ImS16* )arg_1, (const ImS16* )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U16:    return DataTypeCompareT<ImU16 >((const ImU16* )arg_1, (const ImU16* )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S32:    return DataTypeCompareT<ImS32 >((const ImS32* )arg_1, (const ImS32* )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U32:    return DataTypeCompareT<ImU32 >((const ImU32* )arg_1, (const ImU32* )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S64:    return DataTypeCompareT<ImS64 >((const ImS64* )arg_1, (const ImS64* )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U64:    return DataTypeCompareT<ImU64 >((const ImU64* )arg_1, (const ImU64* )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Float:  return DataTypeCompareT<float >((const float* )arg_1, (const float* )arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Double: return DataTypeCompareT<double>((const double*)arg_1, (const double*)arg_2);
+    case ImGuiDataType_COUNT:  break;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static bool DataTypeClampT(T* v, const T* v_min, const T* v_max)
+{
+    // Clamp, both sides are optional, return true if modified
+    if (v_min && *v < *v_min) { *v = *v_min; return true; }
+    if (v_max && *v > *v_max) { *v = *v_max; return true; }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DataTypeClamp(ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_min, const void* p_max)
+{
+    switch (data_type)
+    {
+    case ImGuiDataType_S8:     return DataTypeClampT<ImS8  >((ImS8*  )p_data, (const ImS8*  )p_min, (const ImS8*  )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U8:     return DataTypeClampT<ImU8  >((ImU8*  )p_data, (const ImU8*  )p_min, (const ImU8*  )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S16:    return DataTypeClampT<ImS16 >((ImS16* )p_data, (const ImS16* )p_min, (const ImS16* )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U16:    return DataTypeClampT<ImU16 >((ImU16* )p_data, (const ImU16* )p_min, (const ImU16* )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S32:    return DataTypeClampT<ImS32 >((ImS32* )p_data, (const ImS32* )p_min, (const ImS32* )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U32:    return DataTypeClampT<ImU32 >((ImU32* )p_data, (const ImU32* )p_min, (const ImU32* )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S64:    return DataTypeClampT<ImS64 >((ImS64* )p_data, (const ImS64* )p_min, (const ImS64* )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U64:    return DataTypeClampT<ImU64 >((ImU64* )p_data, (const ImU64* )p_min, (const ImU64* )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Float:  return DataTypeClampT<float >((float* )p_data, (const float* )p_min, (const float* )p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Double: return DataTypeClampT<double>((double*)p_data, (const double*)p_min, (const double*)p_max);
+    case ImGuiDataType_COUNT:  break;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return false;
+}
+
+static float GetMinimumStepAtDecimalPrecision(int decimal_precision)
+{
+    static const float min_steps[10] = { 1.0f, 0.1f, 0.01f, 0.001f, 0.0001f, 0.00001f, 0.000001f, 0.0000001f, 0.00000001f, 0.000000001f };
+    if (decimal_precision < 0)
+        return FLT_MIN;
+    return (decimal_precision < IM_ARRAYSIZE(min_steps)) ? min_steps[decimal_precision] : ImPow(10.0f, (float)-decimal_precision);
+}
+
+template<typename TYPE>
+TYPE ImGui::RoundScalarWithFormatT(const char* format, ImGuiDataType data_type, TYPE v)
+{
+    IM_UNUSED(data_type);
+    IM_ASSERT(data_type == ImGuiDataType_Float || data_type == ImGuiDataType_Double);
+    const char* fmt_start = ImParseFormatFindStart(format);
+    if (fmt_start[0] != '%' || fmt_start[1] == '%') // Don't apply if the value is not visible in the format string
+        return v;
+
+    // Sanitize format
+    char fmt_sanitized[32];
+    ImParseFormatSanitizeForPrinting(fmt_start, fmt_sanitized, IM_ARRAYSIZE(fmt_sanitized));
+    fmt_start = fmt_sanitized;
+
+    // Format value with our rounding, and read back
+    char v_str[64];
+    ImFormatString(v_str, IM_ARRAYSIZE(v_str), fmt_start, v);
+    const char* p = v_str;
+    while (*p == ' ')
+        p++;
+    v = (TYPE)ImAtof(p);
+
+    return v;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: DragScalar, DragFloat, DragInt, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - DragBehaviorT<>() [Internal]
+// - DragBehavior() [Internal]
+// - DragScalar()
+// - DragScalarN()
+// - DragFloat()
+// - DragFloat2()
+// - DragFloat3()
+// - DragFloat4()
+// - DragFloatRange2()
+// - DragInt()
+// - DragInt2()
+// - DragInt3()
+// - DragInt4()
+// - DragIntRange2()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// This is called by DragBehavior() when the widget is active (held by mouse or being manipulated with Nav controls)
+template<typename TYPE, typename SIGNEDTYPE, typename FLOATTYPE>
+bool ImGui::DragBehaviorT(ImGuiDataType data_type, TYPE* v, float v_speed, const TYPE v_min, const TYPE v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiAxis axis = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_Vertical) ? ImGuiAxis_Y : ImGuiAxis_X;
+    const bool is_clamped = (v_min < v_max);
+    const bool is_logarithmic = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic) != 0;
+    const bool is_floating_point = (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Float) || (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Double);
+
+    // Default tweak speed
+    if (v_speed == 0.0f && is_clamped && (v_max - v_min < FLT_MAX))
+        v_speed = (float)((v_max - v_min) * g.DragSpeedDefaultRatio);
+
+    // Inputs accumulates into g.DragCurrentAccum, which is flushed into the current value as soon as it makes a difference with our precision settings
+    float adjust_delta = 0.0f;
+    if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Mouse && IsMousePosValid() && IsMouseDragPastThreshold(0, g.IO.MouseDragThreshold * DRAG_MOUSE_THRESHOLD_FACTOR))
+    {
+        adjust_delta = g.IO.MouseDelta[axis];
+        if (g.IO.KeyAlt)
+            adjust_delta *= 1.0f / 100.0f;
+        if (g.IO.KeyShift)
+            adjust_delta *= 10.0f;
+    }
+    else if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard || g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+    {
+        const int decimal_precision = is_floating_point ? ImParseFormatPrecision(format, 3) : 0;
+        const bool tweak_slow = IsKeyDown((g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad) ? ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakSlow : ImGuiKey_NavKeyboardTweakSlow);
+        const bool tweak_fast = IsKeyDown((g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad) ? ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakFast : ImGuiKey_NavKeyboardTweakFast);
+        const float tweak_factor = tweak_slow ? 1.0f / 1.0f : tweak_fast ? 10.0f : 1.0f;
+        adjust_delta = GetNavTweakPressedAmount(axis) * tweak_factor;
+        v_speed = ImMax(v_speed, GetMinimumStepAtDecimalPrecision(decimal_precision));
+    }
+    adjust_delta *= v_speed;
+
+    // For vertical drag we currently assume that Up=higher value (like we do with vertical sliders). This may become a parameter.
+    if (axis == ImGuiAxis_Y)
+        adjust_delta = -adjust_delta;
+
+    // For logarithmic use our range is effectively 0..1 so scale the delta into that range
+    if (is_logarithmic && (v_max - v_min < FLT_MAX) && ((v_max - v_min) > 0.000001f)) // Epsilon to avoid /0
+        adjust_delta /= (float)(v_max - v_min);
+
+    // Clear current value on activation
+    // Avoid altering values and clamping when we are _already_ past the limits and heading in the same direction, so e.g. if range is 0..255, current value is 300 and we are pushing to the right side, keep the 300.
+    bool is_just_activated = g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated;
+    bool is_already_past_limits_and_pushing_outward = is_clamped && ((*v >= v_max && adjust_delta > 0.0f) || (*v <= v_min && adjust_delta < 0.0f));
+    if (is_just_activated || is_already_past_limits_and_pushing_outward)
+    {
+        g.DragCurrentAccum = 0.0f;
+        g.DragCurrentAccumDirty = false;
+    }
+    else if (adjust_delta != 0.0f)
+    {
+        g.DragCurrentAccum += adjust_delta;
+        g.DragCurrentAccumDirty = true;
+    }
+
+    if (!g.DragCurrentAccumDirty)
+        return false;
+
+    TYPE v_cur = *v;
+    FLOATTYPE v_old_ref_for_accum_remainder = (FLOATTYPE)0.0f;
+
+    float logarithmic_zero_epsilon = 0.0f; // Only valid when is_logarithmic is true
+    const float zero_deadzone_halfsize = 0.0f; // Drag widgets have no deadzone (as it doesn't make sense)
+    if (is_logarithmic)
+    {
+        // When using logarithmic sliders, we need to clamp to avoid hitting zero, but our choice of clamp value greatly affects slider precision. We attempt to use the specified precision to estimate a good lower bound.
+        const int decimal_precision = is_floating_point ? ImParseFormatPrecision(format, 3) : 1;
+        logarithmic_zero_epsilon = ImPow(0.1f, (float)decimal_precision);
+
+        // Convert to parametric space, apply delta, convert back
+        float v_old_parametric = ScaleRatioFromValueT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, v_cur, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+        float v_new_parametric = v_old_parametric + g.DragCurrentAccum;
+        v_cur = ScaleValueFromRatioT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, v_new_parametric, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+        v_old_ref_for_accum_remainder = v_old_parametric;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        v_cur += (SIGNEDTYPE)g.DragCurrentAccum;
+    }
+
+    // Round to user desired precision based on format string
+    if (is_floating_point && !(flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat))
+        v_cur = RoundScalarWithFormatT<TYPE>(format, data_type, v_cur);
+
+    // Preserve remainder after rounding has been applied. This also allow slow tweaking of values.
+    g.DragCurrentAccumDirty = false;
+    if (is_logarithmic)
+    {
+        // Convert to parametric space, apply delta, convert back
+        float v_new_parametric = ScaleRatioFromValueT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, v_cur, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+        g.DragCurrentAccum -= (float)(v_new_parametric - v_old_ref_for_accum_remainder);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        g.DragCurrentAccum -= (float)((SIGNEDTYPE)v_cur - (SIGNEDTYPE)*v);
+    }
+
+    // Lose zero sign for float/double
+    if (v_cur == (TYPE)-0)
+        v_cur = (TYPE)0;
+
+    // Clamp values (+ handle overflow/wrap-around for integer types)
+    if (*v != v_cur && is_clamped)
+    {
+        if (v_cur < v_min || (v_cur > *v && adjust_delta < 0.0f && !is_floating_point))
+            v_cur = v_min;
+        if (v_cur > v_max || (v_cur < *v && adjust_delta > 0.0f && !is_floating_point))
+            v_cur = v_max;
+    }
+
+    // Apply result
+    if (*v == v_cur)
+        return false;
+    *v = v_cur;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragBehavior(ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_v, float v_speed, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    // Read imgui.cpp "API BREAKING CHANGES" section for 1.78 if you hit this assert.
+    IM_ASSERT((flags == 1 || (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_InvalidMask_) == 0) && "Invalid ImGuiSliderFlags flags! Has the 'float power' argument been mistakenly cast to flags? Call function with ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic flags instead.");
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+    {
+        // Those are the things we can do easily outside the DragBehaviorT<> template, saves code generation.
+        if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Mouse && !g.IO.MouseDown[0])
+            ClearActiveID();
+        else if ((g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard || g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad) && g.NavActivatePressedId == id && !g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+            ClearActiveID();
+    }
+    if (g.ActiveId != id)
+        return false;
+    if ((g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_ReadOnly) || (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly))
+        return false;
+
+    switch (data_type)
+    {
+    case ImGuiDataType_S8:     { ImS32 v32 = (ImS32)*(ImS8*)p_v;  bool r = DragBehaviorT<ImS32, ImS32, float>(ImGuiDataType_S32, &v32, v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImS8*) p_min : IM_S8_MIN,  p_max ? *(const ImS8*)p_max  : IM_S8_MAX,  format, flags); if (r) *(ImS8*)p_v = (ImS8)v32; return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_U8:     { ImU32 v32 = (ImU32)*(ImU8*)p_v;  bool r = DragBehaviorT<ImU32, ImS32, float>(ImGuiDataType_U32, &v32, v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImU8*) p_min : IM_U8_MIN,  p_max ? *(const ImU8*)p_max  : IM_U8_MAX,  format, flags); if (r) *(ImU8*)p_v = (ImU8)v32; return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_S16:    { ImS32 v32 = (ImS32)*(ImS16*)p_v; bool r = DragBehaviorT<ImS32, ImS32, float>(ImGuiDataType_S32, &v32, v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImS16*)p_min : IM_S16_MIN, p_max ? *(const ImS16*)p_max : IM_S16_MAX, format, flags); if (r) *(ImS16*)p_v = (ImS16)v32; return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_U16:    { ImU32 v32 = (ImU32)*(ImU16*)p_v; bool r = DragBehaviorT<ImU32, ImS32, float>(ImGuiDataType_U32, &v32, v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImU16*)p_min : IM_U16_MIN, p_max ? *(const ImU16*)p_max : IM_U16_MAX, format, flags); if (r) *(ImU16*)p_v = (ImU16)v32; return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_S32:    return DragBehaviorT<ImS32, ImS32, float >(data_type, (ImS32*)p_v,  v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImS32* )p_min : IM_S32_MIN, p_max ? *(const ImS32* )p_max : IM_S32_MAX, format, flags);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U32:    return DragBehaviorT<ImU32, ImS32, float >(data_type, (ImU32*)p_v,  v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImU32* )p_min : IM_U32_MIN, p_max ? *(const ImU32* )p_max : IM_U32_MAX, format, flags);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S64:    return DragBehaviorT<ImS64, ImS64, double>(data_type, (ImS64*)p_v,  v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImS64* )p_min : IM_S64_MIN, p_max ? *(const ImS64* )p_max : IM_S64_MAX, format, flags);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U64:    return DragBehaviorT<ImU64, ImS64, double>(data_type, (ImU64*)p_v,  v_speed, p_min ? *(const ImU64* )p_min : IM_U64_MIN, p_max ? *(const ImU64* )p_max : IM_U64_MAX, format, flags);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Float:  return DragBehaviorT<float, float, float >(data_type, (float*)p_v,  v_speed, p_min ? *(const float* )p_min : -FLT_MAX,   p_max ? *(const float* )p_max : FLT_MAX,    format, flags);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Double: return DragBehaviorT<double,double,double>(data_type, (double*)p_v, v_speed, p_min ? *(const double*)p_min : -DBL_MAX,   p_max ? *(const double*)p_max : DBL_MAX,    format, flags);
+    case ImGuiDataType_COUNT:  break;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Note: p_data, p_min and p_max are _pointers_ to a memory address holding the data. For a Drag widget, p_min and p_max are optional.
+// Read code of e.g. DragFloat(), DragInt() etc. or examples in 'Demo->Widgets->Data Types' to understand how to use this function directly.
+bool ImGui::DragScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, float v_speed, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    const float w = CalcItemWidth();
+
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    const ImRect frame_bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + ImVec2(w, label_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+    const ImRect total_bb(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max + ImVec2(label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f, 0.0f));
+
+    const bool temp_input_allowed = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput) == 0;
+    ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, id, &frame_bb, temp_input_allowed ? ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable : 0))
+        return false;
+
+    // Default format string when passing NULL
+    if (format == NULL)
+        format = DataTypeGetInfo(data_type)->PrintFmt;
+
+    const bool hovered = ItemHoverable(frame_bb, id);
+    bool temp_input_is_active = temp_input_allowed && TempInputIsActive(id);
+    if (!temp_input_is_active)
+    {
+        // Tabbing or CTRL-clicking on Drag turns it into an InputText
+        const bool input_requested_by_tabbing = temp_input_allowed && (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_FocusedByTabbing) != 0;
+        const bool clicked = hovered && IsMouseClicked(0, id);
+        const bool double_clicked = (hovered && g.IO.MouseClickedCount[0] == 2 && TestKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseLeft, id));
+        const bool make_active = (input_requested_by_tabbing || clicked || double_clicked || g.NavActivateId == id);
+        if (make_active && (clicked || double_clicked))
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseLeft, id);
+        if (make_active && temp_input_allowed)
+            if (input_requested_by_tabbing || (clicked && g.IO.KeyCtrl) || double_clicked || (g.NavActivateId == id && (g.NavActivateFlags & ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput)))
+                temp_input_is_active = true;
+
+        // (Optional) simple click (without moving) turns Drag into an InputText
+        if (g.IO.ConfigDragClickToInputText && temp_input_allowed && !temp_input_is_active)
+            if (g.ActiveId == id && hovered && g.IO.MouseReleased[0] && !IsMouseDragPastThreshold(0, g.IO.MouseDragThreshold * DRAG_MOUSE_THRESHOLD_FACTOR))
+            {
+                g.NavActivateId = id;
+                g.NavActivateFlags = ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput;
+                temp_input_is_active = true;
+            }
+
+        if (make_active && !temp_input_is_active)
+        {
+            SetActiveID(id, window);
+            SetFocusID(id, window);
+            FocusWindow(window);
+            g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask = (1 << ImGuiDir_Left) | (1 << ImGuiDir_Right);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (temp_input_is_active)
+    {
+        // Only clamp CTRL+Click input when ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp is set
+        const bool is_clamp_input = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp) != 0 && (p_min == NULL || p_max == NULL || DataTypeCompare(data_type, p_min, p_max) < 0);
+        return TempInputScalar(frame_bb, id, label, data_type, p_data, format, is_clamp_input ? p_min : NULL, is_clamp_input ? p_max : NULL);
+    }
+
+    // Draw frame
+    const ImU32 frame_col = GetColorU32(g.ActiveId == id ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered : ImGuiCol_FrameBg);
+    RenderNavHighlight(frame_bb, id);
+    RenderFrame(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, frame_col, true, style.FrameRounding);
+
+    // Drag behavior
+    const bool value_changed = DragBehavior(id, data_type, p_data, v_speed, p_min, p_max, format, flags);
+    if (value_changed)
+        MarkItemEdited(id);
+
+    // Display value using user-provided display format so user can add prefix/suffix/decorations to the value.
+    char value_buf[64];
+    const char* value_buf_end = value_buf + DataTypeFormatString(value_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(value_buf), data_type, p_data, format);
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogSetNextTextDecoration("{", "}");
+    RenderTextClipped(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, value_buf, value_buf_end, NULL, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderText(ImVec2(frame_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, frame_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), label);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | (temp_input_allowed ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Inputable : 0));
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, int components, float v_speed, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    BeginGroup();
+    PushID(label);
+    PushMultiItemsWidths(components, CalcItemWidth());
+    size_t type_size = GDataTypeInfo[data_type].Size;
+    for (int i = 0; i < components; i++)
+    {
+        PushID(i);
+        if (i > 0)
+            SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        value_changed |= DragScalar("", data_type, p_data, v_speed, p_min, p_max, format, flags);
+        PopID();
+        PopItemWidth();
+        p_data = (void*)((char*)p_data + type_size);
+    }
+    PopID();
+
+    const char* label_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+    if (label != label_end)
+    {
+        SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        TextEx(label, label_end);
+    }
+
+    EndGroup();
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragFloat(const char* label, float* v, float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 2, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 3, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 4, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+// NB: You likely want to specify the ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp when using this.
+bool ImGui::DragFloatRange2(const char* label, float* v_current_min, float* v_current_max, float v_speed, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, const char* format_max, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    PushID(label);
+    BeginGroup();
+    PushMultiItemsWidths(2, CalcItemWidth());
+
+    float min_min = (v_min >= v_max) ? -FLT_MAX : v_min;
+    float min_max = (v_min >= v_max) ? *v_current_max : ImMin(v_max, *v_current_max);
+    ImGuiSliderFlags min_flags = flags | ((min_min == min_max) ? ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly : 0);
+    bool value_changed = DragScalar("##min", ImGuiDataType_Float, v_current_min, v_speed, &min_min, &min_max, format, min_flags);
+    PopItemWidth();
+    SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+
+    float max_min = (v_min >= v_max) ? *v_current_min : ImMax(v_min, *v_current_min);
+    float max_max = (v_min >= v_max) ? FLT_MAX : v_max;
+    ImGuiSliderFlags max_flags = flags | ((max_min == max_max) ? ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly : 0);
+    value_changed |= DragScalar("##max", ImGuiDataType_Float, v_current_max, v_speed, &max_min, &max_max, format_max ? format_max : format, max_flags);
+    PopItemWidth();
+    SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+
+    TextEx(label, FindRenderedTextEnd(label));
+    EndGroup();
+    PopID();
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// NB: v_speed is float to allow adjusting the drag speed with more precision
+bool ImGui::DragInt(const char* label, int* v, float v_speed, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragInt2(const char* label, int v[2], float v_speed, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 2, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragInt3(const char* label, int v[3], float v_speed, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 3, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::DragInt4(const char* label, int v[4], float v_speed, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return DragScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 4, v_speed, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+// NB: You likely want to specify the ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp when using this.
+bool ImGui::DragIntRange2(const char* label, int* v_current_min, int* v_current_max, float v_speed, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, const char* format_max, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    PushID(label);
+    BeginGroup();
+    PushMultiItemsWidths(2, CalcItemWidth());
+
+    int min_min = (v_min >= v_max) ? INT_MIN : v_min;
+    int min_max = (v_min >= v_max) ? *v_current_max : ImMin(v_max, *v_current_max);
+    ImGuiSliderFlags min_flags = flags | ((min_min == min_max) ? ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly : 0);
+    bool value_changed = DragInt("##min", v_current_min, v_speed, min_min, min_max, format, min_flags);
+    PopItemWidth();
+    SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+
+    int max_min = (v_min >= v_max) ? *v_current_min : ImMax(v_min, *v_current_min);
+    int max_max = (v_min >= v_max) ? INT_MAX : v_max;
+    ImGuiSliderFlags max_flags = flags | ((max_min == max_max) ? ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly : 0);
+    value_changed |= DragInt("##max", v_current_max, v_speed, max_min, max_max, format_max ? format_max : format, max_flags);
+    PopItemWidth();
+    SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+
+    TextEx(label, FindRenderedTextEnd(label));
+    EndGroup();
+    PopID();
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: SliderScalar, SliderFloat, SliderInt, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ScaleRatioFromValueT<> [Internal]
+// - ScaleValueFromRatioT<> [Internal]
+// - SliderBehaviorT<>() [Internal]
+// - SliderBehavior() [Internal]
+// - SliderScalar()
+// - SliderScalarN()
+// - SliderFloat()
+// - SliderFloat2()
+// - SliderFloat3()
+// - SliderFloat4()
+// - SliderAngle()
+// - SliderInt()
+// - SliderInt2()
+// - SliderInt3()
+// - SliderInt4()
+// - VSliderScalar()
+// - VSliderFloat()
+// - VSliderInt()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Convert a value v in the output space of a slider into a parametric position on the slider itself (the logical opposite of ScaleValueFromRatioT)
+template<typename TYPE, typename SIGNEDTYPE, typename FLOATTYPE>
+float ImGui::ScaleRatioFromValueT(ImGuiDataType data_type, TYPE v, TYPE v_min, TYPE v_max, bool is_logarithmic, float logarithmic_zero_epsilon, float zero_deadzone_halfsize)
+{
+    if (v_min == v_max)
+        return 0.0f;
+    IM_UNUSED(data_type);
+
+    const TYPE v_clamped = (v_min < v_max) ? ImClamp(v, v_min, v_max) : ImClamp(v, v_max, v_min);
+    if (is_logarithmic)
+    {
+        bool flipped = v_max < v_min;
+
+        if (flipped) // Handle the case where the range is backwards
+            ImSwap(v_min, v_max);
+
+        // Fudge min/max to avoid getting close to log(0)
+        FLOATTYPE v_min_fudged = (ImAbs((FLOATTYPE)v_min) < logarithmic_zero_epsilon) ? ((v_min < 0.0f) ? -logarithmic_zero_epsilon : logarithmic_zero_epsilon) : (FLOATTYPE)v_min;
+        FLOATTYPE v_max_fudged = (ImAbs((FLOATTYPE)v_max) < logarithmic_zero_epsilon) ? ((v_max < 0.0f) ? -logarithmic_zero_epsilon : logarithmic_zero_epsilon) : (FLOATTYPE)v_max;
+
+        // Awkward special cases - we need ranges of the form (-100 .. 0) to convert to (-100 .. -epsilon), not (-100 .. epsilon)
+        if ((v_min == 0.0f) && (v_max < 0.0f))
+            v_min_fudged = -logarithmic_zero_epsilon;
+        else if ((v_max == 0.0f) && (v_min < 0.0f))
+            v_max_fudged = -logarithmic_zero_epsilon;
+
+        float result;
+        if (v_clamped <= v_min_fudged)
+            result = 0.0f; // Workaround for values that are in-range but below our fudge
+        else if (v_clamped >= v_max_fudged)
+            result = 1.0f; // Workaround for values that are in-range but above our fudge
+        else if ((v_min * v_max) < 0.0f) // Range crosses zero, so split into two portions
+        {
+            float zero_point_center = (-(float)v_min) / ((float)v_max - (float)v_min); // The zero point in parametric space.  There's an argument we should take the logarithmic nature into account when calculating this, but for now this should do (and the most common case of a symmetrical range works fine)
+            float zero_point_snap_L = zero_point_center - zero_deadzone_halfsize;
+            float zero_point_snap_R = zero_point_center + zero_deadzone_halfsize;
+            if (v == 0.0f)
+                result = zero_point_center; // Special case for exactly zero
+            else if (v < 0.0f)
+                result = (1.0f - (float)(ImLog(-(FLOATTYPE)v_clamped / logarithmic_zero_epsilon) / ImLog(-v_min_fudged / logarithmic_zero_epsilon))) * zero_point_snap_L;
+            else
+                result = zero_point_snap_R + ((float)(ImLog((FLOATTYPE)v_clamped / logarithmic_zero_epsilon) / ImLog(v_max_fudged / logarithmic_zero_epsilon)) * (1.0f - zero_point_snap_R));
+        }
+        else if ((v_min < 0.0f) || (v_max < 0.0f)) // Entirely negative slider
+            result = 1.0f - (float)(ImLog(-(FLOATTYPE)v_clamped / -v_max_fudged) / ImLog(-v_min_fudged / -v_max_fudged));
+        else
+            result = (float)(ImLog((FLOATTYPE)v_clamped / v_min_fudged) / ImLog(v_max_fudged / v_min_fudged));
+
+        return flipped ? (1.0f - result) : result;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Linear slider
+        return (float)((FLOATTYPE)(SIGNEDTYPE)(v_clamped - v_min) / (FLOATTYPE)(SIGNEDTYPE)(v_max - v_min));
+    }
+}
+
+// Convert a parametric position on a slider into a value v in the output space (the logical opposite of ScaleRatioFromValueT)
+template<typename TYPE, typename SIGNEDTYPE, typename FLOATTYPE>
+TYPE ImGui::ScaleValueFromRatioT(ImGuiDataType data_type, float t, TYPE v_min, TYPE v_max, bool is_logarithmic, float logarithmic_zero_epsilon, float zero_deadzone_halfsize)
+{
+    // We special-case the extents because otherwise our logarithmic fudging can lead to "mathematically correct"
+    // but non-intuitive behaviors like a fully-left slider not actually reaching the minimum value. Also generally simpler.
+    if (t <= 0.0f || v_min == v_max)
+        return v_min;
+    if (t >= 1.0f)
+        return v_max;
+
+    TYPE result = (TYPE)0;
+    if (is_logarithmic)
+    {
+        // Fudge min/max to avoid getting silly results close to zero
+        FLOATTYPE v_min_fudged = (ImAbs((FLOATTYPE)v_min) < logarithmic_zero_epsilon) ? ((v_min < 0.0f) ? -logarithmic_zero_epsilon : logarithmic_zero_epsilon) : (FLOATTYPE)v_min;
+        FLOATTYPE v_max_fudged = (ImAbs((FLOATTYPE)v_max) < logarithmic_zero_epsilon) ? ((v_max < 0.0f) ? -logarithmic_zero_epsilon : logarithmic_zero_epsilon) : (FLOATTYPE)v_max;
+
+        const bool flipped = v_max < v_min; // Check if range is "backwards"
+        if (flipped)
+            ImSwap(v_min_fudged, v_max_fudged);
+
+        // Awkward special case - we need ranges of the form (-100 .. 0) to convert to (-100 .. -epsilon), not (-100 .. epsilon)
+        if ((v_max == 0.0f) && (v_min < 0.0f))
+            v_max_fudged = -logarithmic_zero_epsilon;
+
+        float t_with_flip = flipped ? (1.0f - t) : t; // t, but flipped if necessary to account for us flipping the range
+
+        if ((v_min * v_max) < 0.0f) // Range crosses zero, so we have to do this in two parts
+        {
+            float zero_point_center = (-(float)ImMin(v_min, v_max)) / ImAbs((float)v_max - (float)v_min); // The zero point in parametric space
+            float zero_point_snap_L = zero_point_center - zero_deadzone_halfsize;
+            float zero_point_snap_R = zero_point_center + zero_deadzone_halfsize;
+            if (t_with_flip >= zero_point_snap_L && t_with_flip <= zero_point_snap_R)
+                result = (TYPE)0.0f; // Special case to make getting exactly zero possible (the epsilon prevents it otherwise)
+            else if (t_with_flip < zero_point_center)
+                result = (TYPE)-(logarithmic_zero_epsilon * ImPow(-v_min_fudged / logarithmic_zero_epsilon, (FLOATTYPE)(1.0f - (t_with_flip / zero_point_snap_L))));
+            else
+                result = (TYPE)(logarithmic_zero_epsilon * ImPow(v_max_fudged / logarithmic_zero_epsilon, (FLOATTYPE)((t_with_flip - zero_point_snap_R) / (1.0f - zero_point_snap_R))));
+        }
+        else if ((v_min < 0.0f) || (v_max < 0.0f)) // Entirely negative slider
+            result = (TYPE)-(-v_max_fudged * ImPow(-v_min_fudged / -v_max_fudged, (FLOATTYPE)(1.0f - t_with_flip)));
+        else
+            result = (TYPE)(v_min_fudged * ImPow(v_max_fudged / v_min_fudged, (FLOATTYPE)t_with_flip));
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Linear slider
+        const bool is_floating_point = (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Float) || (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Double);
+        if (is_floating_point)
+        {
+            result = ImLerp(v_min, v_max, t);
+        }
+        else if (t < 1.0)
+        {
+            // - For integer values we want the clicking position to match the grab box so we round above
+            //   This code is carefully tuned to work with large values (e.g. high ranges of U64) while preserving this property..
+            // - Not doing a *1.0 multiply at the end of a range as it tends to be lossy. While absolute aiming at a large s64/u64
+            //   range is going to be imprecise anyway, with this check we at least make the edge values matches expected limits.
+            FLOATTYPE v_new_off_f = (SIGNEDTYPE)(v_max - v_min) * t;
+            result = (TYPE)((SIGNEDTYPE)v_min + (SIGNEDTYPE)(v_new_off_f + (FLOATTYPE)(v_min > v_max ? -0.5 : 0.5)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+// FIXME: Try to move more of the code into shared SliderBehavior()
+template<typename TYPE, typename SIGNEDTYPE, typename FLOATTYPE>
+bool ImGui::SliderBehaviorT(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, TYPE* v, const TYPE v_min, const TYPE v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags, ImRect* out_grab_bb)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    const ImGuiAxis axis = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_Vertical) ? ImGuiAxis_Y : ImGuiAxis_X;
+    const bool is_logarithmic = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic) != 0;
+    const bool is_floating_point = (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Float) || (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Double);
+    const SIGNEDTYPE v_range = (v_min < v_max ? v_max - v_min : v_min - v_max);
+
+    // Calculate bounds
+    const float grab_padding = 2.0f; // FIXME: Should be part of style.
+    const float slider_sz = (bb.Max[axis] - bb.Min[axis]) - grab_padding * 2.0f;
+    float grab_sz = style.GrabMinSize;
+    if (!is_floating_point && v_range >= 0)                                     // v_range < 0 may happen on integer overflows
+        grab_sz = ImMax((float)(slider_sz / (v_range + 1)), style.GrabMinSize); // For integer sliders: if possible have the grab size represent 1 unit
+    grab_sz = ImMin(grab_sz, slider_sz);
+    const float slider_usable_sz = slider_sz - grab_sz;
+    const float slider_usable_pos_min = bb.Min[axis] + grab_padding + grab_sz * 0.5f;
+    const float slider_usable_pos_max = bb.Max[axis] - grab_padding - grab_sz * 0.5f;
+
+    float logarithmic_zero_epsilon = 0.0f; // Only valid when is_logarithmic is true
+    float zero_deadzone_halfsize = 0.0f; // Only valid when is_logarithmic is true
+    if (is_logarithmic)
+    {
+        // When using logarithmic sliders, we need to clamp to avoid hitting zero, but our choice of clamp value greatly affects slider precision. We attempt to use the specified precision to estimate a good lower bound.
+        const int decimal_precision = is_floating_point ? ImParseFormatPrecision(format, 3) : 1;
+        logarithmic_zero_epsilon = ImPow(0.1f, (float)decimal_precision);
+        zero_deadzone_halfsize = (style.LogSliderDeadzone * 0.5f) / ImMax(slider_usable_sz, 1.0f);
+    }
+
+    // Process interacting with the slider
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+    {
+        bool set_new_value = false;
+        float clicked_t = 0.0f;
+        if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Mouse)
+        {
+            if (!g.IO.MouseDown[0])
+            {
+                ClearActiveID();
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                const float mouse_abs_pos = g.IO.MousePos[axis];
+                if (g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+                {
+                    float grab_t = ScaleRatioFromValueT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, *v, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+                    if (axis == ImGuiAxis_Y)
+                        grab_t = 1.0f - grab_t;
+                    const float grab_pos = ImLerp(slider_usable_pos_min, slider_usable_pos_max, grab_t);
+                    const bool clicked_around_grab = (mouse_abs_pos >= grab_pos - grab_sz * 0.5f - 1.0f) && (mouse_abs_pos <= grab_pos + grab_sz * 0.5f + 1.0f); // No harm being extra generous here.
+                    g.SliderGrabClickOffset = (clicked_around_grab && is_floating_point) ? mouse_abs_pos - grab_pos : 0.0f;
+                }
+                if (slider_usable_sz > 0.0f)
+                    clicked_t = ImSaturate((mouse_abs_pos - g.SliderGrabClickOffset - slider_usable_pos_min) / slider_usable_sz);
+                if (axis == ImGuiAxis_Y)
+                    clicked_t = 1.0f - clicked_t;
+                set_new_value = true;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard || g.ActiveIdSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad)
+        {
+            if (g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+            {
+                g.SliderCurrentAccum = 0.0f; // Reset any stored nav delta upon activation
+                g.SliderCurrentAccumDirty = false;
+            }
+
+            float input_delta = (axis == ImGuiAxis_X) ? GetNavTweakPressedAmount(axis) : -GetNavTweakPressedAmount(axis);
+            if (input_delta != 0.0f)
+            {
+                const bool tweak_slow = IsKeyDown((g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad) ? ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakSlow : ImGuiKey_NavKeyboardTweakSlow);
+                const bool tweak_fast = IsKeyDown((g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Gamepad) ? ImGuiKey_NavGamepadTweakFast : ImGuiKey_NavKeyboardTweakFast);
+                const int decimal_precision = is_floating_point ? ImParseFormatPrecision(format, 3) : 0;
+                if (decimal_precision > 0)
+                {
+                    input_delta /= 100.0f;    // Gamepad/keyboard tweak speeds in % of slider bounds
+                    if (tweak_slow)
+                        input_delta /= 10.0f;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    if ((v_range >= -100.0f && v_range <= 100.0f) || tweak_slow)
+                        input_delta = ((input_delta < 0.0f) ? -1.0f : +1.0f) / (float)v_range; // Gamepad/keyboard tweak speeds in integer steps
+                    else
+                        input_delta /= 100.0f;
+                }
+                if (tweak_fast)
+                    input_delta *= 10.0f;
+
+                g.SliderCurrentAccum += input_delta;
+                g.SliderCurrentAccumDirty = true;
+            }
+
+            float delta = g.SliderCurrentAccum;
+            if (g.NavActivatePressedId == id && !g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+            {
+                ClearActiveID();
+            }
+            else if (g.SliderCurrentAccumDirty)
+            {
+                clicked_t = ScaleRatioFromValueT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, *v, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+
+                if ((clicked_t >= 1.0f && delta > 0.0f) || (clicked_t <= 0.0f && delta < 0.0f)) // This is to avoid applying the saturation when already past the limits
+                {
+                    set_new_value = false;
+                    g.SliderCurrentAccum = 0.0f; // If pushing up against the limits, don't continue to accumulate
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    set_new_value = true;
+                    float old_clicked_t = clicked_t;
+                    clicked_t = ImSaturate(clicked_t + delta);
+
+                    // Calculate what our "new" clicked_t will be, and thus how far we actually moved the slider, and subtract this from the accumulator
+                    TYPE v_new = ScaleValueFromRatioT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, clicked_t, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+                    if (is_floating_point && !(flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat))
+                        v_new = RoundScalarWithFormatT<TYPE>(format, data_type, v_new);
+                    float new_clicked_t = ScaleRatioFromValueT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, v_new, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+
+                    if (delta > 0)
+                        g.SliderCurrentAccum -= ImMin(new_clicked_t - old_clicked_t, delta);
+                    else
+                        g.SliderCurrentAccum -= ImMax(new_clicked_t - old_clicked_t, delta);
+                }
+
+                g.SliderCurrentAccumDirty = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (set_new_value)
+        {
+            TYPE v_new = ScaleValueFromRatioT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, clicked_t, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+
+            // Round to user desired precision based on format string
+            if (is_floating_point && !(flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat))
+                v_new = RoundScalarWithFormatT<TYPE>(format, data_type, v_new);
+
+            // Apply result
+            if (*v != v_new)
+            {
+                *v = v_new;
+                value_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (slider_sz < 1.0f)
+    {
+        *out_grab_bb = ImRect(bb.Min, bb.Min);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Output grab position so it can be displayed by the caller
+        float grab_t = ScaleRatioFromValueT<TYPE, SIGNEDTYPE, FLOATTYPE>(data_type, *v, v_min, v_max, is_logarithmic, logarithmic_zero_epsilon, zero_deadzone_halfsize);
+        if (axis == ImGuiAxis_Y)
+            grab_t = 1.0f - grab_t;
+        const float grab_pos = ImLerp(slider_usable_pos_min, slider_usable_pos_max, grab_t);
+        if (axis == ImGuiAxis_X)
+            *out_grab_bb = ImRect(grab_pos - grab_sz * 0.5f, bb.Min.y + grab_padding, grab_pos + grab_sz * 0.5f, bb.Max.y - grab_padding);
+        else
+            *out_grab_bb = ImRect(bb.Min.x + grab_padding, grab_pos - grab_sz * 0.5f, bb.Max.x - grab_padding, grab_pos + grab_sz * 0.5f);
+    }
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// For 32-bit and larger types, slider bounds are limited to half the natural type range.
+// So e.g. an integer Slider between INT_MAX-10 and INT_MAX will fail, but an integer Slider between INT_MAX/2-10 and INT_MAX/2 will be ok.
+// It would be possible to lift that limitation with some work but it doesn't seem to be worth it for sliders.
+bool ImGui::SliderBehavior(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_v, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags, ImRect* out_grab_bb)
+{
+    // Read imgui.cpp "API BREAKING CHANGES" section for 1.78 if you hit this assert.
+    IM_ASSERT((flags == 1 || (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_InvalidMask_) == 0) && "Invalid ImGuiSliderFlags flag!  Has the 'float power' argument been mistakenly cast to flags? Call function with ImGuiSliderFlags_Logarithmic flags instead.");
+
+    // Those are the things we can do easily outside the SliderBehaviorT<> template, saves code generation.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if ((g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_ReadOnly) || (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_ReadOnly))
+        return false;
+
+    switch (data_type)
+    {
+    case ImGuiDataType_S8:  { ImS32 v32 = (ImS32)*(ImS8*)p_v;  bool r = SliderBehaviorT<ImS32, ImS32, float>(bb, id, ImGuiDataType_S32, &v32, *(const ImS8*)p_min,  *(const ImS8*)p_max,  format, flags, out_grab_bb); if (r) *(ImS8*)p_v  = (ImS8)v32;  return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_U8:  { ImU32 v32 = (ImU32)*(ImU8*)p_v;  bool r = SliderBehaviorT<ImU32, ImS32, float>(bb, id, ImGuiDataType_U32, &v32, *(const ImU8*)p_min,  *(const ImU8*)p_max,  format, flags, out_grab_bb); if (r) *(ImU8*)p_v  = (ImU8)v32;  return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_S16: { ImS32 v32 = (ImS32)*(ImS16*)p_v; bool r = SliderBehaviorT<ImS32, ImS32, float>(bb, id, ImGuiDataType_S32, &v32, *(const ImS16*)p_min, *(const ImS16*)p_max, format, flags, out_grab_bb); if (r) *(ImS16*)p_v = (ImS16)v32; return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_U16: { ImU32 v32 = (ImU32)*(ImU16*)p_v; bool r = SliderBehaviorT<ImU32, ImS32, float>(bb, id, ImGuiDataType_U32, &v32, *(const ImU16*)p_min, *(const ImU16*)p_max, format, flags, out_grab_bb); if (r) *(ImU16*)p_v = (ImU16)v32; return r; }
+    case ImGuiDataType_S32:
+        IM_ASSERT(*(const ImS32*)p_min >= IM_S32_MIN / 2 && *(const ImS32*)p_max <= IM_S32_MAX / 2);
+        return SliderBehaviorT<ImS32, ImS32, float >(bb, id, data_type, (ImS32*)p_v,  *(const ImS32*)p_min,  *(const ImS32*)p_max,  format, flags, out_grab_bb);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U32:
+        IM_ASSERT(*(const ImU32*)p_max <= IM_U32_MAX / 2);
+        return SliderBehaviorT<ImU32, ImS32, float >(bb, id, data_type, (ImU32*)p_v,  *(const ImU32*)p_min,  *(const ImU32*)p_max,  format, flags, out_grab_bb);
+    case ImGuiDataType_S64:
+        IM_ASSERT(*(const ImS64*)p_min >= IM_S64_MIN / 2 && *(const ImS64*)p_max <= IM_S64_MAX / 2);
+        return SliderBehaviorT<ImS64, ImS64, double>(bb, id, data_type, (ImS64*)p_v,  *(const ImS64*)p_min,  *(const ImS64*)p_max,  format, flags, out_grab_bb);
+    case ImGuiDataType_U64:
+        IM_ASSERT(*(const ImU64*)p_max <= IM_U64_MAX / 2);
+        return SliderBehaviorT<ImU64, ImS64, double>(bb, id, data_type, (ImU64*)p_v,  *(const ImU64*)p_min,  *(const ImU64*)p_max,  format, flags, out_grab_bb);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Float:
+        IM_ASSERT(*(const float*)p_min >= -FLT_MAX / 2.0f && *(const float*)p_max <= FLT_MAX / 2.0f);
+        return SliderBehaviorT<float, float, float >(bb, id, data_type, (float*)p_v,  *(const float*)p_min,  *(const float*)p_max,  format, flags, out_grab_bb);
+    case ImGuiDataType_Double:
+        IM_ASSERT(*(const double*)p_min >= -DBL_MAX / 2.0f && *(const double*)p_max <= DBL_MAX / 2.0f);
+        return SliderBehaviorT<double, double, double>(bb, id, data_type, (double*)p_v, *(const double*)p_min, *(const double*)p_max, format, flags, out_grab_bb);
+    case ImGuiDataType_COUNT: break;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0);
+    return false;
+}
+
+// Note: p_data, p_min and p_max are _pointers_ to a memory address holding the data. For a slider, they are all required.
+// Read code of e.g. SliderFloat(), SliderInt() etc. or examples in 'Demo->Widgets->Data Types' to understand how to use this function directly.
+bool ImGui::SliderScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    const float w = CalcItemWidth();
+
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    const ImRect frame_bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + ImVec2(w, label_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+    const ImRect total_bb(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max + ImVec2(label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f, 0.0f));
+
+    const bool temp_input_allowed = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_NoInput) == 0;
+    ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, id, &frame_bb, temp_input_allowed ? ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable : 0))
+        return false;
+
+    // Default format string when passing NULL
+    if (format == NULL)
+        format = DataTypeGetInfo(data_type)->PrintFmt;
+
+    const bool hovered = ItemHoverable(frame_bb, id);
+    bool temp_input_is_active = temp_input_allowed && TempInputIsActive(id);
+    if (!temp_input_is_active)
+    {
+        // Tabbing or CTRL-clicking on Slider turns it into an input box
+        const bool input_requested_by_tabbing = temp_input_allowed && (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_FocusedByTabbing) != 0;
+        const bool clicked = hovered && IsMouseClicked(0, id);
+        const bool make_active = (input_requested_by_tabbing || clicked || g.NavActivateId == id);
+        if (make_active && clicked)
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseLeft, id);
+        if (make_active && temp_input_allowed)
+            if (input_requested_by_tabbing || (clicked && g.IO.KeyCtrl) || (g.NavActivateId == id && (g.NavActivateFlags & ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput)))
+                temp_input_is_active = true;
+
+        if (make_active && !temp_input_is_active)
+        {
+            SetActiveID(id, window);
+            SetFocusID(id, window);
+            FocusWindow(window);
+            g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask |= (1 << ImGuiDir_Left) | (1 << ImGuiDir_Right);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (temp_input_is_active)
+    {
+        // Only clamp CTRL+Click input when ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp is set
+        const bool is_clamp_input = (flags & ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp) != 0;
+        return TempInputScalar(frame_bb, id, label, data_type, p_data, format, is_clamp_input ? p_min : NULL, is_clamp_input ? p_max : NULL);
+    }
+
+    // Draw frame
+    const ImU32 frame_col = GetColorU32(g.ActiveId == id ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered : ImGuiCol_FrameBg);
+    RenderNavHighlight(frame_bb, id);
+    RenderFrame(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, frame_col, true, g.Style.FrameRounding);
+
+    // Slider behavior
+    ImRect grab_bb;
+    const bool value_changed = SliderBehavior(frame_bb, id, data_type, p_data, p_min, p_max, format, flags, &grab_bb);
+    if (value_changed)
+        MarkItemEdited(id);
+
+    // Render grab
+    if (grab_bb.Max.x > grab_bb.Min.x)
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(grab_bb.Min, grab_bb.Max, GetColorU32(g.ActiveId == id ? ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive : ImGuiCol_SliderGrab), style.GrabRounding);
+
+    // Display value using user-provided display format so user can add prefix/suffix/decorations to the value.
+    char value_buf[64];
+    const char* value_buf_end = value_buf + DataTypeFormatString(value_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(value_buf), data_type, p_data, format);
+    if (g.LogEnabled)
+        LogSetNextTextDecoration("{", "}");
+    RenderTextClipped(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, value_buf, value_buf_end, NULL, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderText(ImVec2(frame_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, frame_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), label);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | (temp_input_allowed ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Inputable : 0));
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// Add multiple sliders on 1 line for compact edition of multiple components
+bool ImGui::SliderScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* v, int components, const void* v_min, const void* v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    BeginGroup();
+    PushID(label);
+    PushMultiItemsWidths(components, CalcItemWidth());
+    size_t type_size = GDataTypeInfo[data_type].Size;
+    for (int i = 0; i < components; i++)
+    {
+        PushID(i);
+        if (i > 0)
+            SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        value_changed |= SliderScalar("", data_type, v, v_min, v_max, format, flags);
+        PopID();
+        PopItemWidth();
+        v = (void*)((char*)v + type_size);
+    }
+    PopID();
+
+    const char* label_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+    if (label != label_end)
+    {
+        SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        TextEx(label, label_end);
+    }
+
+    EndGroup();
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderFloat(const char* label, float* v, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 2, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 3, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 4, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderAngle(const char* label, float* v_rad, float v_degrees_min, float v_degrees_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    if (format == NULL)
+        format = "%.0f deg";
+    float v_deg = (*v_rad) * 360.0f / (2 * IM_PI);
+    bool value_changed = SliderFloat(label, &v_deg, v_degrees_min, v_degrees_max, format, flags);
+    *v_rad = v_deg * (2 * IM_PI) / 360.0f;
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderInt(const char* label, int* v, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderInt2(const char* label, int v[2], int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 2, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderInt3(const char* label, int v[3], int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 3, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::SliderInt4(const char* label, int v[4], int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return SliderScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 4, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::VSliderScalar(const char* label, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_min, const void* p_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    const ImRect frame_bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size);
+    const ImRect bb(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max + ImVec2(label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f, 0.0f));
+
+    ItemSize(bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(frame_bb, id))
+        return false;
+
+    // Default format string when passing NULL
+    if (format == NULL)
+        format = DataTypeGetInfo(data_type)->PrintFmt;
+
+    const bool hovered = ItemHoverable(frame_bb, id);
+    const bool clicked = hovered && IsMouseClicked(0, id);
+    if (clicked || g.NavActivateId == id)
+    {
+        if (clicked)
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseLeft, id);
+        SetActiveID(id, window);
+        SetFocusID(id, window);
+        FocusWindow(window);
+        g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask |= (1 << ImGuiDir_Up) | (1 << ImGuiDir_Down);
+    }
+
+    // Draw frame
+    const ImU32 frame_col = GetColorU32(g.ActiveId == id ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered : ImGuiCol_FrameBg);
+    RenderNavHighlight(frame_bb, id);
+    RenderFrame(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, frame_col, true, g.Style.FrameRounding);
+
+    // Slider behavior
+    ImRect grab_bb;
+    const bool value_changed = SliderBehavior(frame_bb, id, data_type, p_data, p_min, p_max, format, flags | ImGuiSliderFlags_Vertical, &grab_bb);
+    if (value_changed)
+        MarkItemEdited(id);
+
+    // Render grab
+    if (grab_bb.Max.y > grab_bb.Min.y)
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(grab_bb.Min, grab_bb.Max, GetColorU32(g.ActiveId == id ? ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive : ImGuiCol_SliderGrab), style.GrabRounding);
+
+    // Display value using user-provided display format so user can add prefix/suffix/decorations to the value.
+    // For the vertical slider we allow centered text to overlap the frame padding
+    char value_buf[64];
+    const char* value_buf_end = value_buf + DataTypeFormatString(value_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(value_buf), data_type, p_data, format);
+    RenderTextClipped(ImVec2(frame_bb.Min.x, frame_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), frame_bb.Max, value_buf, value_buf_end, NULL, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.0f));
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderText(ImVec2(frame_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, frame_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), label);
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::VSliderFloat(const char* label, const ImVec2& size, float* v, float v_min, float v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return VSliderScalar(label, size, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::VSliderInt(const char* label, const ImVec2& size, int* v, int v_min, int v_max, const char* format, ImGuiSliderFlags flags)
+{
+    return VSliderScalar(label, size, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, &v_min, &v_max, format, flags);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: InputScalar, InputFloat, InputInt, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ImParseFormatFindStart() [Internal]
+// - ImParseFormatFindEnd() [Internal]
+// - ImParseFormatTrimDecorations() [Internal]
+// - ImParseFormatSanitizeForPrinting() [Internal]
+// - ImParseFormatSanitizeForScanning() [Internal]
+// - ImParseFormatPrecision() [Internal]
+// - TempInputTextScalar() [Internal]
+// - InputScalar()
+// - InputScalarN()
+// - InputFloat()
+// - InputFloat2()
+// - InputFloat3()
+// - InputFloat4()
+// - InputInt()
+// - InputInt2()
+// - InputInt3()
+// - InputInt4()
+// - InputDouble()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// We don't use strchr() because our strings are usually very short and often start with '%'
+const char* ImParseFormatFindStart(const char* fmt)
+{
+    while (char c = fmt[0])
+    {
+        if (c == '%' && fmt[1] != '%')
+            return fmt;
+        else if (c == '%')
+            fmt++;
+        fmt++;
+    }
+    return fmt;
+}
+
+const char* ImParseFormatFindEnd(const char* fmt)
+{
+    // Printf/scanf types modifiers: I/L/h/j/l/t/w/z. Other uppercase letters qualify as types aka end of the format.
+    if (fmt[0] != '%')
+        return fmt;
+    const unsigned int ignored_uppercase_mask = (1 << ('I'-'A')) | (1 << ('L'-'A'));
+    const unsigned int ignored_lowercase_mask = (1 << ('h'-'a')) | (1 << ('j'-'a')) | (1 << ('l'-'a')) | (1 << ('t'-'a')) | (1 << ('w'-'a')) | (1 << ('z'-'a'));
+    for (char c; (c = *fmt) != 0; fmt++)
+    {
+        if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' && ((1 << (c - 'A')) & ignored_uppercase_mask) == 0)
+            return fmt + 1;
+        if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' && ((1 << (c - 'a')) & ignored_lowercase_mask) == 0)
+            return fmt + 1;
+    }
+    return fmt;
+}
+
+// Extract the format out of a format string with leading or trailing decorations
+//  fmt = "blah blah"  -> return fmt
+//  fmt = "%.3f"       -> return fmt
+//  fmt = "hello %.3f" -> return fmt + 6
+//  fmt = "%.3f hello" -> return buf written with "%.3f"
+const char* ImParseFormatTrimDecorations(const char* fmt, char* buf, size_t buf_size)
+{
+    const char* fmt_start = ImParseFormatFindStart(fmt);
+    if (fmt_start[0] != '%')
+        return fmt;
+    const char* fmt_end = ImParseFormatFindEnd(fmt_start);
+    if (fmt_end[0] == 0) // If we only have leading decoration, we don't need to copy the data.
+        return fmt_start;
+    ImStrncpy(buf, fmt_start, ImMin((size_t)(fmt_end - fmt_start) + 1, buf_size));
+    return buf;
+}
+
+// Sanitize format
+// - Zero terminate so extra characters after format (e.g. "%f123") don't confuse atof/atoi
+// - stb_sprintf.h supports several new modifiers which format numbers in a way that also makes them incompatible atof/atoi.
+void ImParseFormatSanitizeForPrinting(const char* fmt_in, char* fmt_out, size_t fmt_out_size)
+{
+    const char* fmt_end = ImParseFormatFindEnd(fmt_in);
+    IM_UNUSED(fmt_out_size);
+    IM_ASSERT((size_t)(fmt_end - fmt_in + 1) < fmt_out_size); // Format is too long, let us know if this happens to you!
+    while (fmt_in < fmt_end)
+    {
+        char c = *fmt_in++;
+        if (c != '\'' && c != '$' && c != '_') // Custom flags provided by stb_sprintf.h. POSIX 2008 also supports '.
+            *(fmt_out++) = c;
+    }
+    *fmt_out = 0; // Zero-terminate
+}
+
+// - For scanning we need to remove all width and precision fields and flags "%+3.7f" -> "%f". BUT don't strip types like "%I64d" which includes digits. ! "%07I64d" -> "%I64d"
+const char* ImParseFormatSanitizeForScanning(const char* fmt_in, char* fmt_out, size_t fmt_out_size)
+{
+    const char* fmt_end = ImParseFormatFindEnd(fmt_in);
+    const char* fmt_out_begin = fmt_out;
+    IM_UNUSED(fmt_out_size);
+    IM_ASSERT((size_t)(fmt_end - fmt_in + 1) < fmt_out_size); // Format is too long, let us know if this happens to you!
+    bool has_type = false;
+    while (fmt_in < fmt_end)
+    {
+        char c = *fmt_in++;
+        if (!has_type && ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || c == '.' || c == '+' || c == '#'))
+            continue;
+        has_type |= ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')); // Stop skipping digits
+        if (c != '\'' && c != '$' && c != '_') // Custom flags provided by stb_sprintf.h. POSIX 2008 also supports '.
+            *(fmt_out++) = c;
+    }
+    *fmt_out = 0; // Zero-terminate
+    return fmt_out_begin;
+}
+
+template<typename TYPE>
+static const char* ImAtoi(const char* src, TYPE* output)
+{
+    int negative = 0;
+    if (*src == '-') { negative = 1; src++; }
+    if (*src == '+') { src++; }
+    TYPE v = 0;
+    while (*src >= '0' && *src <= '9')
+        v = (v * 10) + (*src++ - '0');
+    *output = negative ? -v : v;
+    return src;
+}
+
+// Parse display precision back from the display format string
+// FIXME: This is still used by some navigation code path to infer a minimum tweak step, but we should aim to rework widgets so it isn't needed.
+int ImParseFormatPrecision(const char* fmt, int default_precision)
+{
+    fmt = ImParseFormatFindStart(fmt);
+    if (fmt[0] != '%')
+        return default_precision;
+    fmt++;
+    while (*fmt >= '0' && *fmt <= '9')
+        fmt++;
+    int precision = INT_MAX;
+    if (*fmt == '.')
+    {
+        fmt = ImAtoi<int>(fmt + 1, &precision);
+        if (precision < 0 || precision > 99)
+            precision = default_precision;
+    }
+    if (*fmt == 'e' || *fmt == 'E') // Maximum precision with scientific notation
+        precision = -1;
+    if ((*fmt == 'g' || *fmt == 'G') && precision == INT_MAX)
+        precision = -1;
+    return (precision == INT_MAX) ? default_precision : precision;
+}
+
+// Create text input in place of another active widget (e.g. used when doing a CTRL+Click on drag/slider widgets)
+// FIXME: Facilitate using this in variety of other situations.
+bool ImGui::TempInputText(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, const char* label, char* buf, int buf_size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    // On the first frame, g.TempInputTextId == 0, then on subsequent frames it becomes == id.
+    // We clear ActiveID on the first frame to allow the InputText() taking it back.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const bool init = (g.TempInputId != id);
+    if (init)
+        ClearActiveID();
+
+    g.CurrentWindow->DC.CursorPos = bb.Min;
+    bool value_changed = InputTextEx(label, NULL, buf, buf_size, bb.GetSize(), flags | ImGuiInputTextFlags_MergedItem);
+    if (init)
+    {
+        // First frame we started displaying the InputText widget, we expect it to take the active id.
+        IM_ASSERT(g.ActiveId == id);
+        g.TempInputId = g.ActiveId;
+    }
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+static inline ImGuiInputTextFlags InputScalar_DefaultCharsFilter(ImGuiDataType data_type, const char* format)
+{
+    if (data_type == ImGuiDataType_Float || data_type == ImGuiDataType_Double)
+        return ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific;
+    const char format_last_char = format[0] ? format[strlen(format) - 1] : 0;
+    return (format_last_char == 'x' || format_last_char == 'X') ? ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal : ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsDecimal;
+}
+
+// Note that Drag/Slider functions are only forwarding the min/max values clamping values if the ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp flag is set!
+// This is intended: this way we allow CTRL+Click manual input to set a value out of bounds, for maximum flexibility.
+// However this may not be ideal for all uses, as some user code may break on out of bound values.
+bool ImGui::TempInputScalar(const ImRect& bb, ImGuiID id, const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const char* format, const void* p_clamp_min, const void* p_clamp_max)
+{
+    char fmt_buf[32];
+    char data_buf[32];
+    format = ImParseFormatTrimDecorations(format, fmt_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(fmt_buf));
+    DataTypeFormatString(data_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(data_buf), data_type, p_data, format);
+    ImStrTrimBlanks(data_buf);
+
+    ImGuiInputTextFlags flags = ImGuiInputTextFlags_AutoSelectAll | ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoMarkEdited;
+    flags |= InputScalar_DefaultCharsFilter(data_type, format);
+
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    if (TempInputText(bb, id, label, data_buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(data_buf), flags))
+    {
+        // Backup old value
+        size_t data_type_size = DataTypeGetInfo(data_type)->Size;
+        ImGuiDataTypeTempStorage data_backup;
+        memcpy(&data_backup, p_data, data_type_size);
+
+        // Apply new value (or operations) then clamp
+        DataTypeApplyFromText(data_buf, data_type, p_data, format);
+        if (p_clamp_min || p_clamp_max)
+        {
+            if (p_clamp_min && p_clamp_max && DataTypeCompare(data_type, p_clamp_min, p_clamp_max) > 0)
+                ImSwap(p_clamp_min, p_clamp_max);
+            DataTypeClamp(data_type, p_data, p_clamp_min, p_clamp_max);
+        }
+
+        // Only mark as edited if new value is different
+        value_changed = memcmp(&data_backup, p_data, data_type_size) != 0;
+        if (value_changed)
+            MarkItemEdited(id);
+    }
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// Note: p_data, p_step, p_step_fast are _pointers_ to a memory address holding the data. For an Input widget, p_step and p_step_fast are optional.
+// Read code of e.g. InputFloat(), InputInt() etc. or examples in 'Demo->Widgets->Data Types' to understand how to use this function directly.
+bool ImGui::InputScalar(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, const void* p_step, const void* p_step_fast, const char* format, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    if (format == NULL)
+        format = DataTypeGetInfo(data_type)->PrintFmt;
+
+    char buf[64];
+    DataTypeFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), data_type, p_data, format);
+
+    // Testing ActiveId as a minor optimization as filtering is not needed until active
+    if (g.ActiveId == 0 && (flags & (ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsDecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific)) == 0)
+        flags |= InputScalar_DefaultCharsFilter(data_type, format);
+    flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_AutoSelectAll | ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoMarkEdited; // We call MarkItemEdited() ourselves by comparing the actual data rather than the string.
+
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    if (p_step == NULL)
+    {
+        if (InputText(label, buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), flags))
+            value_changed = DataTypeApplyFromText(buf, data_type, p_data, format);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const float button_size = GetFrameHeight();
+
+        BeginGroup(); // The only purpose of the group here is to allow the caller to query item data e.g. IsItemActive()
+        PushID(label);
+        SetNextItemWidth(ImMax(1.0f, CalcItemWidth() - (button_size + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x) * 2));
+        if (InputText("", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), flags)) // PushId(label) + "" gives us the expected ID from outside point of view
+            value_changed = DataTypeApplyFromText(buf, data_type, p_data, format);
+        IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(g.LastItemData.ID, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Inputable);
+
+        // Step buttons
+        const ImVec2 backup_frame_padding = style.FramePadding;
+        style.FramePadding.x = style.FramePadding.y;
+        ImGuiButtonFlags button_flags = ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat | ImGuiButtonFlags_DontClosePopups;
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly)
+            BeginDisabled();
+        SameLine(0, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        if (ButtonEx("-", ImVec2(button_size, button_size), button_flags))
+        {
+            DataTypeApplyOp(data_type, '-', p_data, p_data, g.IO.KeyCtrl && p_step_fast ? p_step_fast : p_step);
+            value_changed = true;
+        }
+        SameLine(0, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        if (ButtonEx("+", ImVec2(button_size, button_size), button_flags))
+        {
+            DataTypeApplyOp(data_type, '+', p_data, p_data, g.IO.KeyCtrl && p_step_fast ? p_step_fast : p_step);
+            value_changed = true;
+        }
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly)
+            EndDisabled();
+
+        const char* label_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+        if (label != label_end)
+        {
+            SameLine(0, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+            TextEx(label, label_end);
+        }
+        style.FramePadding = backup_frame_padding;
+
+        PopID();
+        EndGroup();
+    }
+    if (value_changed)
+        MarkItemEdited(g.LastItemData.ID);
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputScalarN(const char* label, ImGuiDataType data_type, void* p_data, int components, const void* p_step, const void* p_step_fast, const char* format, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    BeginGroup();
+    PushID(label);
+    PushMultiItemsWidths(components, CalcItemWidth());
+    size_t type_size = GDataTypeInfo[data_type].Size;
+    for (int i = 0; i < components; i++)
+    {
+        PushID(i);
+        if (i > 0)
+            SameLine(0, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        value_changed |= InputScalar("", data_type, p_data, p_step, p_step_fast, format, flags);
+        PopID();
+        PopItemWidth();
+        p_data = (void*)((char*)p_data + type_size);
+    }
+    PopID();
+
+    const char* label_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+    if (label != label_end)
+    {
+        SameLine(0.0f, g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        TextEx(label, label_end);
+    }
+
+    EndGroup();
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputFloat(const char* label, float* v, float step, float step_fast, const char* format, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific;
+    return InputScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, (void*)v, (void*)(step > 0.0f ? &step : NULL), (void*)(step_fast > 0.0f ? &step_fast : NULL), format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputFloat2(const char* label, float v[2], const char* format, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    return InputScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 2, NULL, NULL, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputFloat3(const char* label, float v[3], const char* format, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    return InputScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 3, NULL, NULL, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputFloat4(const char* label, float v[4], const char* format, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    return InputScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_Float, v, 4, NULL, NULL, format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputInt(const char* label, int* v, int step, int step_fast, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    // Hexadecimal input provided as a convenience but the flag name is awkward. Typically you'd use InputText() to parse your own data, if you want to handle prefixes.
+    const char* format = (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal) ? "%08X" : "%d";
+    return InputScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, (void*)v, (void*)(step > 0 ? &step : NULL), (void*)(step_fast > 0 ? &step_fast : NULL), format, flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputInt2(const char* label, int v[2], ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    return InputScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 2, NULL, NULL, "%d", flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputInt3(const char* label, int v[3], ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    return InputScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 3, NULL, NULL, "%d", flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputInt4(const char* label, int v[4], ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    return InputScalarN(label, ImGuiDataType_S32, v, 4, NULL, NULL, "%d", flags);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputDouble(const char* label, double* v, double step, double step_fast, const char* format, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags)
+{
+    flags |= ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific;
+    return InputScalar(label, ImGuiDataType_Double, (void*)v, (void*)(step > 0.0 ? &step : NULL), (void*)(step_fast > 0.0 ? &step_fast : NULL), format, flags);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: InputText, InputTextMultiline, InputTextWithHint
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - InputText()
+// - InputTextWithHint()
+// - InputTextMultiline()
+// - InputTextGetCharInfo() [Internal]
+// - InputTextReindexLines() [Internal]
+// - InputTextReindexLinesRange() [Internal]
+// - InputTextEx() [Internal]
+// - DebugNodeInputTextState() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ImGui::InputText(const char* label, char* buf, size_t buf_size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!(flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Multiline)); // call InputTextMultiline()
+    return InputTextEx(label, NULL, buf, (int)buf_size, ImVec2(0, 0), flags, callback, user_data);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputTextMultiline(const char* label, char* buf, size_t buf_size, const ImVec2& size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    return InputTextEx(label, NULL, buf, (int)buf_size, size, flags | ImGuiInputTextFlags_Multiline, callback, user_data);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::InputTextWithHint(const char* label, const char* hint, char* buf, size_t buf_size, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(!(flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Multiline)); // call InputTextMultiline() or  InputTextEx() manually if you need multi-line + hint.
+    return InputTextEx(label, hint, buf, (int)buf_size, ImVec2(0, 0), flags, callback, user_data);
+}
+
+static int InputTextCalcTextLenAndLineCount(const char* text_begin, const char** out_text_end)
+{
+    int line_count = 0;
+    const char* s = text_begin;
+    while (char c = *s++) // We are only matching for \n so we can ignore UTF-8 decoding
+        if (c == '\n')
+            line_count++;
+    s--;
+    if (s[0] != '\n' && s[0] != '\r')
+        line_count++;
+    *out_text_end = s;
+    return line_count;
+}
+
+static ImVec2 InputTextCalcTextSizeW(ImGuiContext* ctx, const ImWchar* text_begin, const ImWchar* text_end, const ImWchar** remaining, ImVec2* out_offset, bool stop_on_new_line)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *ctx;
+    ImFont* font = g.Font;
+    const float line_height = g.FontSize;
+    const float scale = line_height / font->FontSize;
+
+    ImVec2 text_size = ImVec2(0, 0);
+    float line_width = 0.0f;
+
+    const ImWchar* s = text_begin;
+    while (s < text_end)
+    {
+        unsigned int c = (unsigned int)(*s++);
+        if (c == '\n')
+        {
+            text_size.x = ImMax(text_size.x, line_width);
+            text_size.y += line_height;
+            line_width = 0.0f;
+            if (stop_on_new_line)
+                break;
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (c == '\r')
+            continue;
+
+        const float char_width = font->GetCharAdvance((ImWchar)c) * scale;
+        line_width += char_width;
+    }
+
+    if (text_size.x < line_width)
+        text_size.x = line_width;
+
+    if (out_offset)
+        *out_offset = ImVec2(line_width, text_size.y + line_height);  // offset allow for the possibility of sitting after a trailing \n
+
+    if (line_width > 0 || text_size.y == 0.0f)                        // whereas size.y will ignore the trailing \n
+        text_size.y += line_height;
+
+    if (remaining)
+        *remaining = s;
+
+    return text_size;
+}
+
+// Wrapper for stb_textedit.h to edit text (our wrapper is for: statically sized buffer, single-line, wchar characters. InputText converts between UTF-8 and wchar)
+namespace ImStb
+{
+
+static int     STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(const ImGuiInputTextState* obj)                             { return obj->CurLenW; }
+static ImWchar STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(const ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int idx)                      { return obj->TextW[idx]; }
+static float   STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int line_start_idx, int char_idx)  { ImWchar c = obj->TextW[line_start_idx + char_idx]; if (c == '\n') return STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH_NEWLINE; ImGuiContext& g = *obj->Ctx; return g.Font->GetCharAdvance(c) * (g.FontSize / g.Font->FontSize); }
+static int     STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTOTEXT(int key)                                                    { return key >= 0x200000 ? 0 : key; }
+static ImWchar STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE = '\n';
+static void    STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(StbTexteditRow* r, ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int line_start_idx)
+{
+    const ImWchar* text = obj->TextW.Data;
+    const ImWchar* text_remaining = NULL;
+    const ImVec2 size = InputTextCalcTextSizeW(obj->Ctx, text + line_start_idx, text + obj->CurLenW, &text_remaining, NULL, true);
+    r->x0 = 0.0f;
+    r->x1 = size.x;
+    r->baseline_y_delta = size.y;
+    r->ymin = 0.0f;
+    r->ymax = size.y;
+    r->num_chars = (int)(text_remaining - (text + line_start_idx));
+}
+
+static bool is_separator(unsigned int c)
+{
+    return c==',' || c==';' || c=='(' || c==')' || c=='{' || c=='}' || c=='[' || c==']' || c=='|' || c=='\n' || c=='\r' || c=='.' || c=='!';
+}
+
+static int is_word_boundary_from_right(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int idx)
+{
+    // When ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password is set, we don't want actions such as CTRL+Arrow to leak the fact that underlying data are blanks or separators.
+    if ((obj->Flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password) || idx <= 0)
+        return 0;
+
+    bool prev_white = ImCharIsBlankW(obj->TextW[idx - 1]);
+    bool prev_separ = is_separator(obj->TextW[idx - 1]);
+    bool curr_white = ImCharIsBlankW(obj->TextW[idx]);
+    bool curr_separ = is_separator(obj->TextW[idx]);
+    return ((prev_white || prev_separ) && !(curr_separ || curr_white)) || (curr_separ && !prev_separ);
+}
+static int is_word_boundary_from_left(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int idx)
+{
+    if ((obj->Flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password) || idx <= 0)
+        return 0;
+
+    bool prev_white = ImCharIsBlankW(obj->TextW[idx]);
+    bool prev_separ = is_separator(obj->TextW[idx]);
+    bool curr_white = ImCharIsBlankW(obj->TextW[idx - 1]);
+    bool curr_separ = is_separator(obj->TextW[idx - 1]);
+    return ((prev_white) && !(curr_separ || curr_white)) || (curr_separ && !prev_separ);
+}
+static int  STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT_IMPL(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int idx)   { idx--; while (idx >= 0 && !is_word_boundary_from_right(obj, idx)) idx--; return idx < 0 ? 0 : idx; }
+static int  STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT_MAC(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int idx)   { idx++; int len = obj->CurLenW; while (idx < len && !is_word_boundary_from_left(obj, idx)) idx++; return idx > len ? len : idx; }
+static int  STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT_WIN(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int idx)   { idx++; int len = obj->CurLenW; while (idx < len && !is_word_boundary_from_right(obj, idx)) idx++; return idx > len ? len : idx; }
+static int  STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT_IMPL(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int idx)  { ImGuiContext& g = *obj->Ctx; if (g.IO.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors) return STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT_MAC(obj, idx); else return STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT_WIN(obj, idx); }
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT   STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT_IMPL  // They need to be #define for stb_textedit.h
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT  STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT_IMPL
+
+static void STB_TEXTEDIT_DELETECHARS(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int pos, int n)
+{
+    ImWchar* dst = obj->TextW.Data + pos;
+
+    // We maintain our buffer length in both UTF-8 and wchar formats
+    obj->Edited = true;
+    obj->CurLenA -= ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(dst, dst + n);
+    obj->CurLenW -= n;
+
+    // Offset remaining text (FIXME-OPT: Use memmove)
+    const ImWchar* src = obj->TextW.Data + pos + n;
+    while (ImWchar c = *src++)
+        *dst++ = c;
+    *dst = '\0';
+}
+
+static bool STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(ImGuiInputTextState* obj, int pos, const ImWchar* new_text, int new_text_len)
+{
+    const bool is_resizable = (obj->Flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize) != 0;
+    const int text_len = obj->CurLenW;
+    IM_ASSERT(pos <= text_len);
+
+    const int new_text_len_utf8 = ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(new_text, new_text + new_text_len);
+    if (!is_resizable && (new_text_len_utf8 + obj->CurLenA + 1 > obj->BufCapacityA))
+        return false;
+
+    // Grow internal buffer if needed
+    if (new_text_len + text_len + 1 > obj->TextW.Size)
+    {
+        if (!is_resizable)
+            return false;
+        IM_ASSERT(text_len < obj->TextW.Size);
+        obj->TextW.resize(text_len + ImClamp(new_text_len * 4, 32, ImMax(256, new_text_len)) + 1);
+    }
+
+    ImWchar* text = obj->TextW.Data;
+    if (pos != text_len)
+        memmove(text + pos + new_text_len, text + pos, (size_t)(text_len - pos) * sizeof(ImWchar));
+    memcpy(text + pos, new_text, (size_t)new_text_len * sizeof(ImWchar));
+
+    obj->Edited = true;
+    obj->CurLenW += new_text_len;
+    obj->CurLenA += new_text_len_utf8;
+    obj->TextW[obj->CurLenW] = '\0';
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// We don't use an enum so we can build even with conflicting symbols (if another user of stb_textedit.h leak their STB_TEXTEDIT_K_* symbols)
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LEFT         0x200000 // keyboard input to move cursor left
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT        0x200001 // keyboard input to move cursor right
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UP           0x200002 // keyboard input to move cursor up
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DOWN         0x200003 // keyboard input to move cursor down
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART    0x200004 // keyboard input to move cursor to start of line
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND      0x200005 // keyboard input to move cursor to end of line
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART    0x200006 // keyboard input to move cursor to start of text
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND      0x200007 // keyboard input to move cursor to end of text
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DELETE       0x200008 // keyboard input to delete selection or character under cursor
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_BACKSPACE    0x200009 // keyboard input to delete selection or character left of cursor
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UNDO         0x20000A // keyboard input to perform undo
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_REDO         0x20000B // keyboard input to perform redo
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT     0x20000C // keyboard input to move cursor left one word
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDRIGHT    0x20000D // keyboard input to move cursor right one word
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGUP         0x20000E // keyboard input to move cursor up a page
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGDOWN       0x20000F // keyboard input to move cursor down a page
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT        0x400000
+
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "imstb_textedit.h"
+
+// stb_textedit internally allows for a single undo record to do addition and deletion, but somehow, calling
+// the stb_textedit_paste() function creates two separate records, so we perform it manually. (FIXME: Report to nothings/stb?)
+static void stb_textedit_replace(ImGuiInputTextState* str, STB_TexteditState* state, const STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE* text, int text_len)
+{
+    stb_text_makeundo_replace(str, state, 0, str->CurLenW, text_len);
+    ImStb::STB_TEXTEDIT_DELETECHARS(str, 0, str->CurLenW);
+    state->cursor = state->select_start = state->select_end = 0;
+    if (text_len <= 0)
+        return;
+    if (ImStb::STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(str, 0, text, text_len))
+    {
+        state->cursor = state->select_start = state->select_end = text_len;
+        state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(0); // Failed to insert character, normally shouldn't happen because of how we currently use stb_textedit_replace()
+}
+
+} // namespace ImStb
+
+void ImGuiInputTextState::OnKeyPressed(int key)
+{
+    stb_textedit_key(this, &Stb, key);
+    CursorFollow = true;
+    CursorAnimReset();
+}
+
+ImGuiInputTextCallbackData::ImGuiInputTextCallbackData()
+{
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+}
+
+// Public API to manipulate UTF-8 text
+// We expose UTF-8 to the user (unlike the STB_TEXTEDIT_* functions which are manipulating wchar)
+// FIXME: The existence of this rarely exercised code path is a bit of a nuisance.
+void ImGuiInputTextCallbackData::DeleteChars(int pos, int bytes_count)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(pos + bytes_count <= BufTextLen);
+    char* dst = Buf + pos;
+    const char* src = Buf + pos + bytes_count;
+    while (char c = *src++)
+        *dst++ = c;
+    *dst = '\0';
+
+    if (CursorPos >= pos + bytes_count)
+        CursorPos -= bytes_count;
+    else if (CursorPos >= pos)
+        CursorPos = pos;
+    SelectionStart = SelectionEnd = CursorPos;
+    BufDirty = true;
+    BufTextLen -= bytes_count;
+}
+
+void ImGuiInputTextCallbackData::InsertChars(int pos, const char* new_text, const char* new_text_end)
+{
+    const bool is_resizable = (Flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize) != 0;
+    const int new_text_len = new_text_end ? (int)(new_text_end - new_text) : (int)strlen(new_text);
+    if (new_text_len + BufTextLen >= BufSize)
+    {
+        if (!is_resizable)
+            return;
+
+        // Contrary to STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS() this is working in the UTF8 buffer, hence the mildly similar code (until we remove the U16 buffer altogether!)
+        ImGuiContext& g = *Ctx;
+        ImGuiInputTextState* edit_state = &g.InputTextState;
+        IM_ASSERT(edit_state->ID != 0 && g.ActiveId == edit_state->ID);
+        IM_ASSERT(Buf == edit_state->TextA.Data);
+        int new_buf_size = BufTextLen + ImClamp(new_text_len * 4, 32, ImMax(256, new_text_len)) + 1;
+        edit_state->TextA.reserve(new_buf_size + 1);
+        Buf = edit_state->TextA.Data;
+        BufSize = edit_state->BufCapacityA = new_buf_size;
+    }
+
+    if (BufTextLen != pos)
+        memmove(Buf + pos + new_text_len, Buf + pos, (size_t)(BufTextLen - pos));
+    memcpy(Buf + pos, new_text, (size_t)new_text_len * sizeof(char));
+    Buf[BufTextLen + new_text_len] = '\0';
+
+    if (CursorPos >= pos)
+        CursorPos += new_text_len;
+    SelectionStart = SelectionEnd = CursorPos;
+    BufDirty = true;
+    BufTextLen += new_text_len;
+}
+
+// Return false to discard a character.
+static bool InputTextFilterCharacter(unsigned int* p_char, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* user_data, ImGuiInputSource input_source)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(input_source == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard || input_source == ImGuiInputSource_Clipboard);
+    unsigned int c = *p_char;
+
+    // Filter non-printable (NB: isprint is unreliable! see #2467)
+    bool apply_named_filters = true;
+    if (c < 0x20)
+    {
+        bool pass = false;
+        pass |= (c == '\n' && (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Multiline)); // Note that an Enter KEY will emit \r and be ignored (we poll for KEY in InputText() code)
+        pass |= (c == '\t' && (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput));
+        if (!pass)
+            return false;
+        apply_named_filters = false; // Override named filters below so newline and tabs can still be inserted.
+    }
+
+    if (input_source != ImGuiInputSource_Clipboard)
+    {
+        // We ignore Ascii representation of delete (emitted from Backspace on OSX, see #2578, #2817)
+        if (c == 127)
+            return false;
+
+        // Filter private Unicode range. GLFW on OSX seems to send private characters for special keys like arrow keys (FIXME)
+        if (c >= 0xE000 && c <= 0xF8FF)
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // Filter Unicode ranges we are not handling in this build
+    if (c > IM_UNICODE_CODEPOINT_MAX)
+        return false;
+
+    // Generic named filters
+    if (apply_named_filters && (flags & (ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsDecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsNoBlank | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific)))
+    {
+        // The libc allows overriding locale, with e.g. 'setlocale(LC_NUMERIC, "de_DE.UTF-8");' which affect the output/input of printf/scanf to use e.g. ',' instead of '.'.
+        // The standard mandate that programs starts in the "C" locale where the decimal point is '.'.
+        // We don't really intend to provide widespread support for it, but out of empathy for people stuck with using odd API, we support the bare minimum aka overriding the decimal point.
+        // Change the default decimal_point with:
+        //   ImGui::GetCurrentContext()->PlatformLocaleDecimalPoint = *localeconv()->decimal_point;
+        // Users of non-default decimal point (in particular ',') may be affected by word-selection logic (is_word_boundary_from_right/is_word_boundary_from_left) functions.
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        const unsigned c_decimal_point = (unsigned int)g.PlatformLocaleDecimalPoint;
+
+        // Full-width -> half-width conversion for numeric fields (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfwidth_and_Fullwidth_Forms_(Unicode_block)
+        // While this is mostly convenient, this has the side-effect for uninformed users accidentally inputting full-width characters that they may
+        // scratch their head as to why it works in numerical fields vs in generic text fields it would require support in the font.
+        if (flags & (ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsDecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal))
+            if (c >= 0xFF01 && c <= 0xFF5E)
+                c = c - 0xFF01 + 0x21;
+
+        // Allow 0-9 . - + * /
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsDecimal)
+            if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') && (c != c_decimal_point) && (c != '-') && (c != '+') && (c != '*') && (c != '/'))
+                return false;
+
+        // Allow 0-9 . - + * / e E
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsScientific)
+            if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') && (c != c_decimal_point) && (c != '-') && (c != '+') && (c != '*') && (c != '/') && (c != 'e') && (c != 'E'))
+                return false;
+
+        // Allow 0-9 a-F A-F
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal)
+            if (!(c >= '0' && c <= '9') && !(c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') && !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'F'))
+                return false;
+
+        // Turn a-z into A-Z
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase)
+            if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
+                c += (unsigned int)('A' - 'a');
+
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsNoBlank)
+            if (ImCharIsBlankW(c))
+                return false;
+
+        *p_char = c;
+    }
+
+    // Custom callback filter
+    if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter)
+    {
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        ImGuiInputTextCallbackData callback_data;
+        callback_data.Ctx = &g;
+        callback_data.EventFlag = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter;
+        callback_data.EventChar = (ImWchar)c;
+        callback_data.Flags = flags;
+        callback_data.UserData = user_data;
+        if (callback(&callback_data) != 0)
+            return false;
+        *p_char = callback_data.EventChar;
+        if (!callback_data.EventChar)
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Find the shortest single replacement we can make to get the new text from the old text.
+// Important: needs to be run before TextW is rewritten with the new characters because calling STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR() at the end.
+// FIXME: Ideally we should transition toward (1) making InsertChars()/DeleteChars() update undo-stack (2) discourage (and keep reconcile) or obsolete (and remove reconcile) accessing buffer directly.
+static void InputTextReconcileUndoStateAfterUserCallback(ImGuiInputTextState* state, const char* new_buf_a, int new_length_a)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImWchar* old_buf = state->TextW.Data;
+    const int old_length = state->CurLenW;
+    const int new_length = ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8(new_buf_a, new_buf_a + new_length_a);
+    g.TempBuffer.reserve_discard((new_length + 1) * sizeof(ImWchar));
+    ImWchar* new_buf = (ImWchar*)(void*)g.TempBuffer.Data;
+    ImTextStrFromUtf8(new_buf, new_length + 1, new_buf_a, new_buf_a + new_length_a);
+
+    const int shorter_length = ImMin(old_length, new_length);
+    int first_diff;
+    for (first_diff = 0; first_diff < shorter_length; first_diff++)
+        if (old_buf[first_diff] != new_buf[first_diff])
+            break;
+    if (first_diff == old_length && first_diff == new_length)
+        return;
+
+    int old_last_diff = old_length - 1;
+    int new_last_diff = new_length - 1;
+    for (; old_last_diff >= first_diff && new_last_diff >= first_diff; old_last_diff--, new_last_diff--)
+        if (old_buf[old_last_diff] != new_buf[new_last_diff])
+            break;
+
+    const int insert_len = new_last_diff - first_diff + 1;
+    const int delete_len = old_last_diff - first_diff + 1;
+    if (insert_len > 0 || delete_len > 0)
+        if (STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE* p = stb_text_createundo(&state->Stb.undostate, first_diff, delete_len, insert_len))
+            for (int i = 0; i < delete_len; i++)
+                p[i] = ImStb::STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(state, first_diff + i);
+}
+
+// As InputText() retain textual data and we currently provide a path for user to not retain it (via local variables)
+// we need some form of hook to reapply data back to user buffer on deactivation frame. (#4714)
+// It would be more desirable that we discourage users from taking advantage of the "user not retaining data" trick,
+// but that more likely be attractive when we do have _NoLiveEdit flag available.
+void ImGui::InputTextDeactivateHook(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiInputTextState* state = &g.InputTextState;
+    if (id == 0 || state->ID != id)
+        return;
+    g.InputTextDeactivatedState.ID = state->ID;
+    g.InputTextDeactivatedState.TextA.resize(state->CurLenA + 1);
+    memcpy(g.InputTextDeactivatedState.TextA.Data, state->TextA.Data ? state->TextA.Data : "", state->CurLenA + 1);
+}
+
+// Edit a string of text
+// - buf_size account for the zero-terminator, so a buf_size of 6 can hold "Hello" but not "Hello!".
+//   This is so we can easily call InputText() on static arrays using ARRAYSIZE() and to match
+//   Note that in std::string world, capacity() would omit 1 byte used by the zero-terminator.
+// - When active, hold on a privately held copy of the text (and apply back to 'buf'). So changing 'buf' while the InputText is active has no effect.
+// - If you want to use ImGui::InputText() with std::string, see misc/cpp/imgui_stdlib.h
+// (FIXME: Rather confusing and messy function, among the worse part of our codebase, expecting to rewrite a V2 at some point.. Partly because we are
+//  doing UTF8 > U16 > UTF8 conversions on the go to easily interface with stb_textedit. Ideally should stay in UTF-8 all the time. See https://github.com/nothings/stb/issues/188)
+bool ImGui::InputTextEx(const char* label, const char* hint, char* buf, int buf_size, const ImVec2& size_arg, ImGuiInputTextFlags flags, ImGuiInputTextCallback callback, void* callback_user_data)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(buf != NULL && buf_size >= 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(!((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory) && (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Multiline)));        // Can't use both together (they both use up/down keys)
+    IM_ASSERT(!((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion) && (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput))); // Can't use both together (they both use tab key)
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    const bool RENDER_SELECTION_WHEN_INACTIVE = false;
+    const bool is_multiline = (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Multiline) != 0;
+    const bool is_readonly = (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly) != 0;
+    const bool is_password = (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_Password) != 0;
+    const bool is_undoable = (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoUndoRedo) == 0;
+    const bool is_resizable = (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize) != 0;
+    if (is_resizable)
+        IM_ASSERT(callback != NULL); // Must provide a callback if you set the ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize flag!
+
+    if (is_multiline) // Open group before calling GetID() because groups tracks id created within their scope (including the scrollbar)
+        BeginGroup();
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    const ImVec2 frame_size = CalcItemSize(size_arg, CalcItemWidth(), (is_multiline ? g.FontSize * 8.0f : label_size.y) + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f); // Arbitrary default of 8 lines high for multi-line
+    const ImVec2 total_size = ImVec2(frame_size.x + (label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f), frame_size.y);
+
+    const ImRect frame_bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + frame_size);
+    const ImRect total_bb(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Min + total_size);
+
+    ImGuiWindow* draw_window = window;
+    ImVec2 inner_size = frame_size;
+    ImGuiItemStatusFlags item_status_flags = 0;
+    ImGuiLastItemData item_data_backup;
+    if (is_multiline)
+    {
+        ImVec2 backup_pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+        ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+        if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, id, &frame_bb, ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable))
+        {
+            EndGroup();
+            return false;
+        }
+        item_status_flags = g.LastItemData.StatusFlags;
+        item_data_backup = g.LastItemData;
+        window->DC.CursorPos = backup_pos;
+
+        // We reproduce the contents of BeginChildFrame() in order to provide 'label' so our window internal data are easier to read/debug.
+        // FIXME-NAV: Pressing NavActivate will trigger general child activation right before triggering our own below. Harmless but bizarre.
+        PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ChildBg, style.Colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]);
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding, style.FrameRounding);
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ChildBorderSize, style.FrameBorderSize);
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0, 0)); // Ensure no clip rect so mouse hover can reach FramePadding edges
+        bool child_visible = BeginChildEx(label, id, frame_bb.GetSize(), true, ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove);
+        PopStyleVar(3);
+        PopStyleColor();
+        if (!child_visible)
+        {
+            EndChild();
+            EndGroup();
+            return false;
+        }
+        draw_window = g.CurrentWindow; // Child window
+        draw_window->DC.NavLayersActiveMaskNext |= (1 << draw_window->DC.NavLayerCurrent); // This is to ensure that EndChild() will display a navigation highlight so we can "enter" into it.
+        draw_window->DC.CursorPos += style.FramePadding;
+        inner_size.x -= draw_window->ScrollbarSizes.x;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Support for internal ImGuiInputTextFlags_MergedItem flag, which could be redesigned as an ItemFlags if needed (with test performed in ItemAdd)
+        ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_MergedItem))
+            if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, id, &frame_bb, ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable))
+                return false;
+        item_status_flags = g.LastItemData.StatusFlags;
+    }
+    const bool hovered = ItemHoverable(frame_bb, id);
+    if (hovered)
+        g.MouseCursor = ImGuiMouseCursor_TextInput;
+
+    // We are only allowed to access the state if we are already the active widget.
+    ImGuiInputTextState* state = GetInputTextState(id);
+
+    const bool input_requested_by_tabbing = (item_status_flags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_FocusedByTabbing) != 0;
+    const bool input_requested_by_nav = (g.ActiveId != id) && ((g.NavActivateId == id) && ((g.NavActivateFlags & ImGuiActivateFlags_PreferInput) || (g.NavInputSource == ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard)));
+
+    const bool user_clicked = hovered && io.MouseClicked[0];
+    const bool user_scroll_finish = is_multiline && state != NULL && g.ActiveId == 0 && g.ActiveIdPreviousFrame == GetWindowScrollbarID(draw_window, ImGuiAxis_Y);
+    const bool user_scroll_active = is_multiline && state != NULL && g.ActiveId == GetWindowScrollbarID(draw_window, ImGuiAxis_Y);
+    bool clear_active_id = false;
+    bool select_all = false;
+
+    float scroll_y = is_multiline ? draw_window->Scroll.y : FLT_MAX;
+
+    const bool init_changed_specs = (state != NULL && state->Stb.single_line != !is_multiline); // state != NULL means its our state.
+    const bool init_make_active = (user_clicked || user_scroll_finish || input_requested_by_nav || input_requested_by_tabbing);
+    const bool init_state = (init_make_active || user_scroll_active);
+    if ((init_state && g.ActiveId != id) || init_changed_specs)
+    {
+        // Access state even if we don't own it yet.
+        state = &g.InputTextState;
+        state->CursorAnimReset();
+
+        // Backup state of deactivating item so they'll have a chance to do a write to output buffer on the same frame they report IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit (#4714)
+        InputTextDeactivateHook(state->ID);
+
+        // Take a copy of the initial buffer value (both in original UTF-8 format and converted to wchar)
+        // From the moment we focused we are ignoring the content of 'buf' (unless we are in read-only mode)
+        const int buf_len = (int)strlen(buf);
+        state->InitialTextA.resize(buf_len + 1);    // UTF-8. we use +1 to make sure that .Data is always pointing to at least an empty string.
+        memcpy(state->InitialTextA.Data, buf, buf_len + 1);
+
+        // Preserve cursor position and undo/redo stack if we come back to same widget
+        // FIXME: Since we reworked this on 2022/06, may want to differenciate recycle_cursor vs recycle_undostate?
+        bool recycle_state = (state->ID == id && !init_changed_specs);
+        if (recycle_state && (state->CurLenA != buf_len || (state->TextAIsValid && strncmp(state->TextA.Data, buf, buf_len) != 0)))
+            recycle_state = false;
+
+        // Start edition
+        const char* buf_end = NULL;
+        state->ID = id;
+        state->TextW.resize(buf_size + 1);          // wchar count <= UTF-8 count. we use +1 to make sure that .Data is always pointing to at least an empty string.
+        state->TextA.resize(0);
+        state->TextAIsValid = false;                // TextA is not valid yet (we will display buf until then)
+        state->CurLenW = ImTextStrFromUtf8(state->TextW.Data, buf_size, buf, NULL, &buf_end);
+        state->CurLenA = (int)(buf_end - buf);      // We can't get the result from ImStrncpy() above because it is not UTF-8 aware. Here we'll cut off malformed UTF-8.
+
+        if (recycle_state)
+        {
+            // Recycle existing cursor/selection/undo stack but clamp position
+            // Note a single mouse click will override the cursor/position immediately by calling stb_textedit_click handler.
+            state->CursorClamp();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            state->ScrollX = 0.0f;
+            stb_textedit_initialize_state(&state->Stb, !is_multiline);
+        }
+
+        if (!is_multiline)
+        {
+            if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_AutoSelectAll)
+                select_all = true;
+            if (input_requested_by_nav && (!recycle_state || !(g.NavActivateFlags & ImGuiActivateFlags_TryToPreserveState)))
+                select_all = true;
+            if (input_requested_by_tabbing || (user_clicked && io.KeyCtrl))
+                select_all = true;
+        }
+
+        if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_AlwaysOverwrite)
+            state->Stb.insert_mode = 1; // stb field name is indeed incorrect (see #2863)
+    }
+
+    const bool is_osx = io.ConfigMacOSXBehaviors;
+    if (g.ActiveId != id && init_make_active)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(state && state->ID == id);
+        SetActiveID(id, window);
+        SetFocusID(id, window);
+        FocusWindow(window);
+    }
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+    {
+        // Declare some inputs, the other are registered and polled via Shortcut() routing system.
+        if (user_clicked)
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_MouseLeft, id);
+        g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask |= (1 << ImGuiDir_Left) | (1 << ImGuiDir_Right);
+        if (is_multiline || (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory))
+            g.ActiveIdUsingNavDirMask |= (1 << ImGuiDir_Up) | (1 << ImGuiDir_Down);
+        SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_Home, id);
+        SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_End, id);
+        if (is_multiline)
+        {
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_PageUp, id);
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiKey_PageDown, id);
+        }
+        if (is_osx)
+            SetKeyOwner(ImGuiMod_Alt, id);
+        if (flags & (ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion | ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput)) // Disable keyboard tabbing out as we will use the \t character.
+            SetShortcutRouting(ImGuiKey_Tab, id);
+    }
+
+    // We have an edge case if ActiveId was set through another widget (e.g. widget being swapped), clear id immediately (don't wait until the end of the function)
+    if (g.ActiveId == id && state == NULL)
+        ClearActiveID();
+
+    // Release focus when we click outside
+    if (g.ActiveId == id && io.MouseClicked[0] && !init_state && !init_make_active) //-V560
+        clear_active_id = true;
+
+    // Lock the decision of whether we are going to take the path displaying the cursor or selection
+    bool render_cursor = (g.ActiveId == id) || (state && user_scroll_active);
+    bool render_selection = state && (state->HasSelection() || select_all) && (RENDER_SELECTION_WHEN_INACTIVE || render_cursor);
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    bool validated = false;
+
+    // When read-only we always use the live data passed to the function
+    // FIXME-OPT: Because our selection/cursor code currently needs the wide text we need to convert it when active, which is not ideal :(
+    if (is_readonly && state != NULL && (render_cursor || render_selection))
+    {
+        const char* buf_end = NULL;
+        state->TextW.resize(buf_size + 1);
+        state->CurLenW = ImTextStrFromUtf8(state->TextW.Data, state->TextW.Size, buf, NULL, &buf_end);
+        state->CurLenA = (int)(buf_end - buf);
+        state->CursorClamp();
+        render_selection &= state->HasSelection();
+    }
+
+    // Select the buffer to render.
+    const bool buf_display_from_state = (render_cursor || render_selection || g.ActiveId == id) && !is_readonly && state && state->TextAIsValid;
+    const bool is_displaying_hint = (hint != NULL && (buf_display_from_state ? state->TextA.Data : buf)[0] == 0);
+
+    // Password pushes a temporary font with only a fallback glyph
+    if (is_password && !is_displaying_hint)
+    {
+        const ImFontGlyph* glyph = g.Font->FindGlyph('*');
+        ImFont* password_font = &g.InputTextPasswordFont;
+        password_font->FontSize = g.Font->FontSize;
+        password_font->Scale = g.Font->Scale;
+        password_font->Ascent = g.Font->Ascent;
+        password_font->Descent = g.Font->Descent;
+        password_font->ContainerAtlas = g.Font->ContainerAtlas;
+        password_font->FallbackGlyph = glyph;
+        password_font->FallbackAdvanceX = glyph->AdvanceX;
+        IM_ASSERT(password_font->Glyphs.empty() && password_font->IndexAdvanceX.empty() && password_font->IndexLookup.empty());
+        PushFont(password_font);
+    }
+
+    // Process mouse inputs and character inputs
+    int backup_current_text_length = 0;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(state != NULL);
+        backup_current_text_length = state->CurLenA;
+        state->Edited = false;
+        state->BufCapacityA = buf_size;
+        state->Flags = flags;
+
+        // Although we are active we don't prevent mouse from hovering other elements unless we are interacting right now with the widget.
+        // Down the line we should have a cleaner library-wide concept of Selected vs Active.
+        g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap = !io.MouseDown[0];
+        g.WantTextInputNextFrame = 1;
+
+        // Edit in progress
+        const float mouse_x = (io.MousePos.x - frame_bb.Min.x - style.FramePadding.x) + state->ScrollX;
+        const float mouse_y = (is_multiline ? (io.MousePos.y - draw_window->DC.CursorPos.y) : (g.FontSize * 0.5f));
+
+        if (select_all)
+        {
+            state->SelectAll();
+            state->SelectedAllMouseLock = true;
+        }
+        else if (hovered && io.MouseClickedCount[0] >= 2 && !io.KeyShift)
+        {
+            stb_textedit_click(state, &state->Stb, mouse_x, mouse_y);
+            const int multiclick_count = (io.MouseClickedCount[0] - 2);
+            if ((multiclick_count % 2) == 0)
+            {
+                // Double-click: Select word
+                // We always use the "Mac" word advance for double-click select vs CTRL+Right which use the platform dependent variant:
+                // FIXME: There are likely many ways to improve this behavior, but there's no "right" behavior (depends on use-case, software, OS)
+                const bool is_bol = (state->Stb.cursor == 0) || ImStb::STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(state, state->Stb.cursor - 1) == '\n';
+                if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(&state->Stb) || !is_bol)
+                    state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT);
+                //state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDRIGHT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+                if (!STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(&state->Stb))
+                    ImStb::stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(&state->Stb);
+                state->Stb.cursor = ImStb::STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT_MAC(state, state->Stb.cursor);
+                state->Stb.select_end = state->Stb.cursor;
+                ImStb::stb_textedit_clamp(state, &state->Stb);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Triple-click: Select line
+                const bool is_eol = ImStb::STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(state, state->Stb.cursor) == '\n';
+                state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART);
+                state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+                state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+                if (!is_eol && is_multiline)
+                {
+                    ImSwap(state->Stb.select_start, state->Stb.select_end);
+                    state->Stb.cursor = state->Stb.select_end;
+                }
+                state->CursorFollow = false;
+            }
+            state->CursorAnimReset();
+        }
+        else if (io.MouseClicked[0] && !state->SelectedAllMouseLock)
+        {
+            if (hovered)
+            {
+                if (io.KeyShift)
+                    stb_textedit_drag(state, &state->Stb, mouse_x, mouse_y);
+                else
+                    stb_textedit_click(state, &state->Stb, mouse_x, mouse_y);
+                state->CursorAnimReset();
+            }
+        }
+        else if (io.MouseDown[0] && !state->SelectedAllMouseLock && (io.MouseDelta.x != 0.0f || io.MouseDelta.y != 0.0f))
+        {
+            stb_textedit_drag(state, &state->Stb, mouse_x, mouse_y);
+            state->CursorAnimReset();
+            state->CursorFollow = true;
+        }
+        if (state->SelectedAllMouseLock && !io.MouseDown[0])
+            state->SelectedAllMouseLock = false;
+
+        // We expect backends to emit a Tab key but some also emit a Tab character which we ignore (#2467, #1336)
+        // (For Tab and Enter: Win32/SFML/Allegro are sending both keys and chars, GLFW and SDL are only sending keys. For Space they all send all threes)
+        if ((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_AllowTabInput) && Shortcut(ImGuiKey_Tab, id) && !is_readonly)
+        {
+            unsigned int c = '\t'; // Insert TAB
+            if (InputTextFilterCharacter(&c, flags, callback, callback_user_data, ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard))
+                state->OnKeyPressed((int)c);
+        }
+
+        // Process regular text input (before we check for Return because using some IME will effectively send a Return?)
+        // We ignore CTRL inputs, but need to allow ALT+CTRL as some keyboards (e.g. German) use AltGR (which _is_ Alt+Ctrl) to input certain characters.
+        const bool ignore_char_inputs = (io.KeyCtrl && !io.KeyAlt) || (is_osx && io.KeySuper);
+        if (io.InputQueueCharacters.Size > 0)
+        {
+            if (!ignore_char_inputs && !is_readonly && !input_requested_by_nav)
+                for (int n = 0; n < io.InputQueueCharacters.Size; n++)
+                {
+                    // Insert character if they pass filtering
+                    unsigned int c = (unsigned int)io.InputQueueCharacters[n];
+                    if (c == '\t') // Skip Tab, see above.
+                        continue;
+                    if (InputTextFilterCharacter(&c, flags, callback, callback_user_data, ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard))
+                        state->OnKeyPressed((int)c);
+                }
+
+            // Consume characters
+            io.InputQueueCharacters.resize(0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Process other shortcuts/key-presses
+    bool revert_edit = false;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id && !g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated && !clear_active_id)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(state != NULL);
+
+        const int row_count_per_page = ImMax((int)((inner_size.y - style.FramePadding.y) / g.FontSize), 1);
+        state->Stb.row_count_per_page = row_count_per_page;
+
+        const int k_mask = (io.KeyShift ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT : 0);
+        const bool is_wordmove_key_down = is_osx ? io.KeyAlt : io.KeyCtrl;                     // OS X style: Text editing cursor movement using Alt instead of Ctrl
+        const bool is_startend_key_down = is_osx && io.KeySuper && !io.KeyCtrl && !io.KeyAlt;  // OS X style: Line/Text Start and End using Cmd+Arrows instead of Home/End
+
+        // Using Shortcut() with ImGuiInputFlags_RouteFocused (default policy) to allow routing operations for other code (e.g. calling window trying to use CTRL+A and CTRL+B: formet would be handled by InputText)
+        // Otherwise we could simply assume that we own the keys as we are active.
+        const ImGuiInputFlags f_repeat = ImGuiInputFlags_Repeat;
+        const bool is_cut   = (Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shortcut | ImGuiKey_X, id, f_repeat) || Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shift | ImGuiKey_Delete, id, f_repeat)) && !is_readonly && !is_password && (!is_multiline || state->HasSelection());
+        const bool is_copy  = (Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shortcut | ImGuiKey_C, id) || Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Ctrl | ImGuiKey_Insert, id))  && !is_password && (!is_multiline || state->HasSelection());
+        const bool is_paste = (Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shortcut | ImGuiKey_V, id, f_repeat) || Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shift | ImGuiKey_Insert, id, f_repeat)) && !is_readonly;
+        const bool is_undo  = (Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shortcut | ImGuiKey_Z, id, f_repeat)) && !is_readonly && is_undoable;
+        const bool is_redo =  (Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shortcut | ImGuiKey_Y, id, f_repeat) || (is_osx && Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shortcut | ImGuiMod_Shift | ImGuiKey_Z, id, f_repeat))) && !is_readonly && is_undoable;
+        const bool is_select_all = Shortcut(ImGuiMod_Shortcut | ImGuiKey_A, id);
+
+        // We allow validate/cancel with Nav source (gamepad) to makes it easier to undo an accidental NavInput press with no keyboard wired, but otherwise it isn't very useful.
+        const bool nav_gamepad_active = (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad) != 0 && (io.BackendFlags & ImGuiBackendFlags_HasGamepad) != 0;
+        const bool is_enter_pressed = IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Enter, true) || IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_KeypadEnter, true);
+        const bool is_gamepad_validate = nav_gamepad_active && (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadActivate, false) || IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadInput, false));
+        const bool is_cancel = Shortcut(ImGuiKey_Escape, id, f_repeat) || (nav_gamepad_active && Shortcut(ImGuiKey_NavGamepadCancel, id, f_repeat));
+
+        // FIXME: Should use more Shortcut() and reduce IsKeyPressed()+SetKeyOwner(), but requires modifiers combination to be taken account of.
+        if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_LeftArrow))                        { state->OnKeyPressed((is_startend_key_down ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART : is_wordmove_key_down ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT : STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LEFT) | k_mask); }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_RightArrow))                  { state->OnKeyPressed((is_startend_key_down ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND : is_wordmove_key_down ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDRIGHT : STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT) | k_mask); }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_UpArrow) && is_multiline)     { if (io.KeyCtrl) SetScrollY(draw_window, ImMax(draw_window->Scroll.y - g.FontSize, 0.0f)); else state->OnKeyPressed((is_startend_key_down ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART : STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UP) | k_mask); }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_DownArrow) && is_multiline)   { if (io.KeyCtrl) SetScrollY(draw_window, ImMin(draw_window->Scroll.y + g.FontSize, GetScrollMaxY())); else state->OnKeyPressed((is_startend_key_down ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND : STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DOWN) | k_mask); }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_PageUp) && is_multiline)      { state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGUP | k_mask); scroll_y -= row_count_per_page * g.FontSize; }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_PageDown) && is_multiline)    { state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGDOWN | k_mask); scroll_y += row_count_per_page * g.FontSize; }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Home))                        { state->OnKeyPressed(io.KeyCtrl ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART | k_mask : STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART | k_mask); }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_End))                         { state->OnKeyPressed(io.KeyCtrl ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND | k_mask : STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND | k_mask); }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Delete) && !is_readonly && !is_cut)
+        {
+            if (!state->HasSelection())
+            {
+                // OSX doesn't seem to have Super+Delete to delete until end-of-line, so we don't emulate that (as opposed to Super+Backspace)
+                if (is_wordmove_key_down)
+                    state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDRIGHT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+            }
+            state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DELETE | k_mask);
+        }
+        else if (IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_Backspace) && !is_readonly)
+        {
+            if (!state->HasSelection())
+            {
+                if (is_wordmove_key_down)
+                    state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+                else if (is_osx && io.KeySuper && !io.KeyAlt && !io.KeyCtrl)
+                    state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+            }
+            state->OnKeyPressed(STB_TEXTEDIT_K_BACKSPACE | k_mask);
+        }
+        else if (is_enter_pressed || is_gamepad_validate)
+        {
+            // Determine if we turn Enter into a \n character
+            bool ctrl_enter_for_new_line = (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CtrlEnterForNewLine) != 0;
+            if (!is_multiline || is_gamepad_validate || (ctrl_enter_for_new_line && !io.KeyCtrl) || (!ctrl_enter_for_new_line && io.KeyCtrl))
+            {
+                validated = true;
+                if (io.ConfigInputTextEnterKeepActive && !is_multiline)
+                    state->SelectAll(); // No need to scroll
+                else
+                    clear_active_id = true;
+            }
+            else if (!is_readonly)
+            {
+                unsigned int c = '\n'; // Insert new line
+                if (InputTextFilterCharacter(&c, flags, callback, callback_user_data, ImGuiInputSource_Keyboard))
+                    state->OnKeyPressed((int)c);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (is_cancel)
+        {
+            if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_EscapeClearsAll)
+            {
+                if (state->CurLenA > 0)
+                {
+                    revert_edit = true;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    render_cursor = render_selection = false;
+                    clear_active_id = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                clear_active_id = revert_edit = true;
+                render_cursor = render_selection = false;
+            }
+        }
+        else if (is_undo || is_redo)
+        {
+            state->OnKeyPressed(is_undo ? STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UNDO : STB_TEXTEDIT_K_REDO);
+            state->ClearSelection();
+        }
+        else if (is_select_all)
+        {
+            state->SelectAll();
+            state->CursorFollow = true;
+        }
+        else if (is_cut || is_copy)
+        {
+            // Cut, Copy
+            if (io.SetClipboardTextFn)
+            {
+                const int ib = state->HasSelection() ? ImMin(state->Stb.select_start, state->Stb.select_end) : 0;
+                const int ie = state->HasSelection() ? ImMax(state->Stb.select_start, state->Stb.select_end) : state->CurLenW;
+                const int clipboard_data_len = ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(state->TextW.Data + ib, state->TextW.Data + ie) + 1;
+                char* clipboard_data = (char*)IM_ALLOC(clipboard_data_len * sizeof(char));
+                ImTextStrToUtf8(clipboard_data, clipboard_data_len, state->TextW.Data + ib, state->TextW.Data + ie);
+                SetClipboardText(clipboard_data);
+                MemFree(clipboard_data);
+            }
+            if (is_cut)
+            {
+                if (!state->HasSelection())
+                    state->SelectAll();
+                state->CursorFollow = true;
+                stb_textedit_cut(state, &state->Stb);
+            }
+        }
+        else if (is_paste)
+        {
+            if (const char* clipboard = GetClipboardText())
+            {
+                // Filter pasted buffer
+                const int clipboard_len = (int)strlen(clipboard);
+                ImWchar* clipboard_filtered = (ImWchar*)IM_ALLOC((clipboard_len + 1) * sizeof(ImWchar));
+                int clipboard_filtered_len = 0;
+                for (const char* s = clipboard; *s != 0; )
+                {
+                    unsigned int c;
+                    s += ImTextCharFromUtf8(&c, s, NULL);
+                    if (!InputTextFilterCharacter(&c, flags, callback, callback_user_data, ImGuiInputSource_Clipboard))
+                        continue;
+                    clipboard_filtered[clipboard_filtered_len++] = (ImWchar)c;
+                }
+                clipboard_filtered[clipboard_filtered_len] = 0;
+                if (clipboard_filtered_len > 0) // If everything was filtered, ignore the pasting operation
+                {
+                    stb_textedit_paste(state, &state->Stb, clipboard_filtered, clipboard_filtered_len);
+                    state->CursorFollow = true;
+                }
+                MemFree(clipboard_filtered);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Update render selection flag after events have been handled, so selection highlight can be displayed during the same frame.
+        render_selection |= state->HasSelection() && (RENDER_SELECTION_WHEN_INACTIVE || render_cursor);
+    }
+
+    // Process callbacks and apply result back to user's buffer.
+    const char* apply_new_text = NULL;
+    int apply_new_text_length = 0;
+    if (g.ActiveId == id)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(state != NULL);
+        if (revert_edit && !is_readonly)
+        {
+            if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_EscapeClearsAll)
+            {
+                // Clear input
+                apply_new_text = "";
+                apply_new_text_length = 0;
+                STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE empty_string;
+                stb_textedit_replace(state, &state->Stb, &empty_string, 0);
+            }
+            else if (strcmp(buf, state->InitialTextA.Data) != 0)
+            {
+                // Restore initial value. Only return true if restoring to the initial value changes the current buffer contents.
+                // Push records into the undo stack so we can CTRL+Z the revert operation itself
+                apply_new_text = state->InitialTextA.Data;
+                apply_new_text_length = state->InitialTextA.Size - 1;
+                value_changed = true;
+                ImVector<ImWchar> w_text;
+                if (apply_new_text_length > 0)
+                {
+                    w_text.resize(ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8(apply_new_text, apply_new_text + apply_new_text_length) + 1);
+                    ImTextStrFromUtf8(w_text.Data, w_text.Size, apply_new_text, apply_new_text + apply_new_text_length);
+                }
+                stb_textedit_replace(state, &state->Stb, w_text.Data, (apply_new_text_length > 0) ? (w_text.Size - 1) : 0);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Apply ASCII value
+        if (!is_readonly)
+        {
+            state->TextAIsValid = true;
+            state->TextA.resize(state->TextW.Size * 4 + 1);
+            ImTextStrToUtf8(state->TextA.Data, state->TextA.Size, state->TextW.Data, NULL);
+        }
+
+        // When using 'ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue' as a special case we reapply the live buffer back to the input buffer before clearing ActiveId, even though strictly speaking it wasn't modified on this frame.
+        // If we didn't do that, code like InputInt() with ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue would fail.
+        // This also allows the user to use InputText() with ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue without maintaining any user-side storage (please note that if you use this property along ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize you can end up with your temporary string object unnecessarily allocating once a frame, either store your string data, either if you don't then don't use ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize).
+        const bool apply_edit_back_to_user_buffer = !revert_edit || (validated && (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue) != 0);
+        if (apply_edit_back_to_user_buffer)
+        {
+            // Apply new value immediately - copy modified buffer back
+            // Note that as soon as the input box is active, the in-widget value gets priority over any underlying modification of the input buffer
+            // FIXME: We actually always render 'buf' when calling DrawList->AddText, making the comment above incorrect.
+            // FIXME-OPT: CPU waste to do this every time the widget is active, should mark dirty state from the stb_textedit callbacks.
+
+            // User callback
+            if ((flags & (ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackEdit | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackAlways)) != 0)
+            {
+                IM_ASSERT(callback != NULL);
+
+                // The reason we specify the usage semantic (Completion/History) is that Completion needs to disable keyboard TABBING at the moment.
+                ImGuiInputTextFlags event_flag = 0;
+                ImGuiKey event_key = ImGuiKey_None;
+                if ((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion) != 0 && Shortcut(ImGuiKey_Tab, id))
+                {
+                    event_flag = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCompletion;
+                    event_key = ImGuiKey_Tab;
+                }
+                else if ((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory) != 0 && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_UpArrow))
+                {
+                    event_flag = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory;
+                    event_key = ImGuiKey_UpArrow;
+                }
+                else if ((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory) != 0 && IsKeyPressed(ImGuiKey_DownArrow))
+                {
+                    event_flag = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackHistory;
+                    event_key = ImGuiKey_DownArrow;
+                }
+                else if ((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackEdit) && state->Edited)
+                {
+                    event_flag = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackEdit;
+                }
+                else if (flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackAlways)
+                {
+                    event_flag = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackAlways;
+                }
+
+                if (event_flag)
+                {
+                    ImGuiInputTextCallbackData callback_data;
+                    callback_data.Ctx = &g;
+                    callback_data.EventFlag = event_flag;
+                    callback_data.Flags = flags;
+                    callback_data.UserData = callback_user_data;
+
+                    char* callback_buf = is_readonly ? buf : state->TextA.Data;
+                    callback_data.EventKey = event_key;
+                    callback_data.Buf = callback_buf;
+                    callback_data.BufTextLen = state->CurLenA;
+                    callback_data.BufSize = state->BufCapacityA;
+                    callback_data.BufDirty = false;
+
+                    // We have to convert from wchar-positions to UTF-8-positions, which can be pretty slow (an incentive to ditch the ImWchar buffer, see https://github.com/nothings/stb/issues/188)
+                    ImWchar* text = state->TextW.Data;
+                    const int utf8_cursor_pos = callback_data.CursorPos = ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(text, text + state->Stb.cursor);
+                    const int utf8_selection_start = callback_data.SelectionStart = ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(text, text + state->Stb.select_start);
+                    const int utf8_selection_end = callback_data.SelectionEnd = ImTextCountUtf8BytesFromStr(text, text + state->Stb.select_end);
+
+                    // Call user code
+                    callback(&callback_data);
+
+                    // Read back what user may have modified
+                    callback_buf = is_readonly ? buf : state->TextA.Data; // Pointer may have been invalidated by a resize callback
+                    IM_ASSERT(callback_data.Buf == callback_buf);         // Invalid to modify those fields
+                    IM_ASSERT(callback_data.BufSize == state->BufCapacityA);
+                    IM_ASSERT(callback_data.Flags == flags);
+                    const bool buf_dirty = callback_data.BufDirty;
+                    if (callback_data.CursorPos != utf8_cursor_pos || buf_dirty)            { state->Stb.cursor = ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8(callback_data.Buf, callback_data.Buf + callback_data.CursorPos); state->CursorFollow = true; }
+                    if (callback_data.SelectionStart != utf8_selection_start || buf_dirty)  { state->Stb.select_start = (callback_data.SelectionStart == callback_data.CursorPos) ? state->Stb.cursor : ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8(callback_data.Buf, callback_data.Buf + callback_data.SelectionStart); }
+                    if (callback_data.SelectionEnd != utf8_selection_end || buf_dirty)      { state->Stb.select_end = (callback_data.SelectionEnd == callback_data.SelectionStart) ? state->Stb.select_start : ImTextCountCharsFromUtf8(callback_data.Buf, callback_data.Buf + callback_data.SelectionEnd); }
+                    if (buf_dirty)
+                    {
+                        IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_ReadOnly) == 0);
+                        IM_ASSERT(callback_data.BufTextLen == (int)strlen(callback_data.Buf)); // You need to maintain BufTextLen if you change the text!
+                        InputTextReconcileUndoStateAfterUserCallback(state, callback_data.Buf, callback_data.BufTextLen); // FIXME: Move the rest of this block inside function and rename to InputTextReconcileStateAfterUserCallback() ?
+                        if (callback_data.BufTextLen > backup_current_text_length && is_resizable)
+                            state->TextW.resize(state->TextW.Size + (callback_data.BufTextLen - backup_current_text_length)); // Worse case scenario resize
+                        state->CurLenW = ImTextStrFromUtf8(state->TextW.Data, state->TextW.Size, callback_data.Buf, NULL);
+                        state->CurLenA = callback_data.BufTextLen;  // Assume correct length and valid UTF-8 from user, saves us an extra strlen()
+                        state->CursorAnimReset();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // Will copy result string if modified
+            if (!is_readonly && strcmp(state->TextA.Data, buf) != 0)
+            {
+                apply_new_text = state->TextA.Data;
+                apply_new_text_length = state->CurLenA;
+                value_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Handle reapplying final data on deactivation (see InputTextDeactivateHook() for details)
+    if (g.InputTextDeactivatedState.ID == id)
+    {
+        if (g.ActiveId != id && IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit() && !is_readonly)
+        {
+            apply_new_text = g.InputTextDeactivatedState.TextA.Data;
+            apply_new_text_length = g.InputTextDeactivatedState.TextA.Size - 1;
+            value_changed |= (strcmp(g.InputTextDeactivatedState.TextA.Data, buf) != 0);
+            //IMGUI_DEBUG_LOG("InputText(): apply Deactivated data for 0x%08X: \"%.*s\".\n", id, apply_new_text_length, apply_new_text);
+        }
+        g.InputTextDeactivatedState.ID = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Copy result to user buffer. This can currently only happen when (g.ActiveId == id)
+    if (apply_new_text != NULL)
+    {
+        // We cannot test for 'backup_current_text_length != apply_new_text_length' here because we have no guarantee that the size
+        // of our owned buffer matches the size of the string object held by the user, and by design we allow InputText() to be used
+        // without any storage on user's side.
+        IM_ASSERT(apply_new_text_length >= 0);
+        if (is_resizable)
+        {
+            ImGuiInputTextCallbackData callback_data;
+            callback_data.Ctx = &g;
+            callback_data.EventFlag = ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackResize;
+            callback_data.Flags = flags;
+            callback_data.Buf = buf;
+            callback_data.BufTextLen = apply_new_text_length;
+            callback_data.BufSize = ImMax(buf_size, apply_new_text_length + 1);
+            callback_data.UserData = callback_user_data;
+            callback(&callback_data);
+            buf = callback_data.Buf;
+            buf_size = callback_data.BufSize;
+            apply_new_text_length = ImMin(callback_data.BufTextLen, buf_size - 1);
+            IM_ASSERT(apply_new_text_length <= buf_size);
+        }
+        //IMGUI_DEBUG_PRINT("InputText(\"%s\"): apply_new_text length %d\n", label, apply_new_text_length);
+
+        // If the underlying buffer resize was denied or not carried to the next frame, apply_new_text_length+1 may be >= buf_size.
+        ImStrncpy(buf, apply_new_text, ImMin(apply_new_text_length + 1, buf_size));
+    }
+
+    // Release active ID at the end of the function (so e.g. pressing Return still does a final application of the value)
+    if (clear_active_id && g.ActiveId == id)
+        ClearActiveID();
+
+    // Render frame
+    if (!is_multiline)
+    {
+        RenderNavHighlight(frame_bb, id);
+        RenderFrame(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_FrameBg), true, style.FrameRounding);
+    }
+
+    const ImVec4 clip_rect(frame_bb.Min.x, frame_bb.Min.y, frame_bb.Min.x + inner_size.x, frame_bb.Min.y + inner_size.y); // Not using frame_bb.Max because we have adjusted size
+    ImVec2 draw_pos = is_multiline ? draw_window->DC.CursorPos : frame_bb.Min + style.FramePadding;
+    ImVec2 text_size(0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    // Set upper limit of single-line InputTextEx() at 2 million characters strings. The current pathological worst case is a long line
+    // without any carriage return, which would makes ImFont::RenderText() reserve too many vertices and probably crash. Avoid it altogether.
+    // Note that we only use this limit on single-line InputText(), so a pathologically large line on a InputTextMultiline() would still crash.
+    const int buf_display_max_length = 2 * 1024 * 1024;
+    const char* buf_display = buf_display_from_state ? state->TextA.Data : buf; //-V595
+    const char* buf_display_end = NULL; // We have specialized paths below for setting the length
+    if (is_displaying_hint)
+    {
+        buf_display = hint;
+        buf_display_end = hint + strlen(hint);
+    }
+
+    // Render text. We currently only render selection when the widget is active or while scrolling.
+    // FIXME: We could remove the '&& render_cursor' to keep rendering selection when inactive.
+    if (render_cursor || render_selection)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(state != NULL);
+        if (!is_displaying_hint)
+            buf_display_end = buf_display + state->CurLenA;
+
+        // Render text (with cursor and selection)
+        // This is going to be messy. We need to:
+        // - Display the text (this alone can be more easily clipped)
+        // - Handle scrolling, highlight selection, display cursor (those all requires some form of 1d->2d cursor position calculation)
+        // - Measure text height (for scrollbar)
+        // We are attempting to do most of that in **one main pass** to minimize the computation cost (non-negligible for large amount of text) + 2nd pass for selection rendering (we could merge them by an extra refactoring effort)
+        // FIXME: This should occur on buf_display but we'd need to maintain cursor/select_start/select_end for UTF-8.
+        const ImWchar* text_begin = state->TextW.Data;
+        ImVec2 cursor_offset, select_start_offset;
+
+        {
+            // Find lines numbers straddling 'cursor' (slot 0) and 'select_start' (slot 1) positions.
+            const ImWchar* searches_input_ptr[2] = { NULL, NULL };
+            int searches_result_line_no[2] = { -1000, -1000 };
+            int searches_remaining = 0;
+            if (render_cursor)
+            {
+                searches_input_ptr[0] = text_begin + state->Stb.cursor;
+                searches_result_line_no[0] = -1;
+                searches_remaining++;
+            }
+            if (render_selection)
+            {
+                searches_input_ptr[1] = text_begin + ImMin(state->Stb.select_start, state->Stb.select_end);
+                searches_result_line_no[1] = -1;
+                searches_remaining++;
+            }
+
+            // Iterate all lines to find our line numbers
+            // In multi-line mode, we never exit the loop until all lines are counted, so add one extra to the searches_remaining counter.
+            searches_remaining += is_multiline ? 1 : 0;
+            int line_count = 0;
+            //for (const ImWchar* s = text_begin; (s = (const ImWchar*)wcschr((const wchar_t*)s, (wchar_t)'\n')) != NULL; s++)  // FIXME-OPT: Could use this when wchar_t are 16-bit
+            for (const ImWchar* s = text_begin; *s != 0; s++)
+                if (*s == '\n')
+                {
+                    line_count++;
+                    if (searches_result_line_no[0] == -1 && s >= searches_input_ptr[0]) { searches_result_line_no[0] = line_count; if (--searches_remaining <= 0) break; }
+                    if (searches_result_line_no[1] == -1 && s >= searches_input_ptr[1]) { searches_result_line_no[1] = line_count; if (--searches_remaining <= 0) break; }
+                }
+            line_count++;
+            if (searches_result_line_no[0] == -1)
+                searches_result_line_no[0] = line_count;
+            if (searches_result_line_no[1] == -1)
+                searches_result_line_no[1] = line_count;
+
+            // Calculate 2d position by finding the beginning of the line and measuring distance
+            cursor_offset.x = InputTextCalcTextSizeW(&g, ImStrbolW(searches_input_ptr[0], text_begin), searches_input_ptr[0]).x;
+            cursor_offset.y = searches_result_line_no[0] * g.FontSize;
+            if (searches_result_line_no[1] >= 0)
+            {
+                select_start_offset.x = InputTextCalcTextSizeW(&g, ImStrbolW(searches_input_ptr[1], text_begin), searches_input_ptr[1]).x;
+                select_start_offset.y = searches_result_line_no[1] * g.FontSize;
+            }
+
+            // Store text height (note that we haven't calculated text width at all, see GitHub issues #383, #1224)
+            if (is_multiline)
+                text_size = ImVec2(inner_size.x, line_count * g.FontSize);
+        }
+
+        // Scroll
+        if (render_cursor && state->CursorFollow)
+        {
+            // Horizontal scroll in chunks of quarter width
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoHorizontalScroll))
+            {
+                const float scroll_increment_x = inner_size.x * 0.25f;
+                const float visible_width = inner_size.x - style.FramePadding.x;
+                if (cursor_offset.x < state->ScrollX)
+                    state->ScrollX = IM_FLOOR(ImMax(0.0f, cursor_offset.x - scroll_increment_x));
+                else if (cursor_offset.x - visible_width >= state->ScrollX)
+                    state->ScrollX = IM_FLOOR(cursor_offset.x - visible_width + scroll_increment_x);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                state->ScrollX = 0.0f;
+            }
+
+            // Vertical scroll
+            if (is_multiline)
+            {
+                // Test if cursor is vertically visible
+                if (cursor_offset.y - g.FontSize < scroll_y)
+                    scroll_y = ImMax(0.0f, cursor_offset.y - g.FontSize);
+                else if (cursor_offset.y - (inner_size.y - style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f) >= scroll_y)
+                    scroll_y = cursor_offset.y - inner_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f;
+                const float scroll_max_y = ImMax((text_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f) - inner_size.y, 0.0f);
+                scroll_y = ImClamp(scroll_y, 0.0f, scroll_max_y);
+                draw_pos.y += (draw_window->Scroll.y - scroll_y);   // Manipulate cursor pos immediately avoid a frame of lag
+                draw_window->Scroll.y = scroll_y;
+            }
+
+            state->CursorFollow = false;
+        }
+
+        // Draw selection
+        const ImVec2 draw_scroll = ImVec2(state->ScrollX, 0.0f);
+        if (render_selection)
+        {
+            const ImWchar* text_selected_begin = text_begin + ImMin(state->Stb.select_start, state->Stb.select_end);
+            const ImWchar* text_selected_end = text_begin + ImMax(state->Stb.select_start, state->Stb.select_end);
+
+            ImU32 bg_color = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg, render_cursor ? 1.0f : 0.6f); // FIXME: current code flow mandate that render_cursor is always true here, we are leaving the transparent one for tests.
+            float bg_offy_up = is_multiline ? 0.0f : -1.0f;    // FIXME: those offsets should be part of the style? they don't play so well with multi-line selection.
+            float bg_offy_dn = is_multiline ? 0.0f : 2.0f;
+            ImVec2 rect_pos = draw_pos + select_start_offset - draw_scroll;
+            for (const ImWchar* p = text_selected_begin; p < text_selected_end; )
+            {
+                if (rect_pos.y > clip_rect.w + g.FontSize)
+                    break;
+                if (rect_pos.y < clip_rect.y)
+                {
+                    //p = (const ImWchar*)wmemchr((const wchar_t*)p, '\n', text_selected_end - p);  // FIXME-OPT: Could use this when wchar_t are 16-bit
+                    //p = p ? p + 1 : text_selected_end;
+                    while (p < text_selected_end)
+                        if (*p++ == '\n')
+                            break;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    ImVec2 rect_size = InputTextCalcTextSizeW(&g, p, text_selected_end, &p, NULL, true);
+                    if (rect_size.x <= 0.0f) rect_size.x = IM_FLOOR(g.Font->GetCharAdvance((ImWchar)' ') * 0.50f); // So we can see selected empty lines
+                    ImRect rect(rect_pos + ImVec2(0.0f, bg_offy_up - g.FontSize), rect_pos + ImVec2(rect_size.x, bg_offy_dn));
+                    rect.ClipWith(clip_rect);
+                    if (rect.Overlaps(clip_rect))
+                        draw_window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(rect.Min, rect.Max, bg_color);
+                }
+                rect_pos.x = draw_pos.x - draw_scroll.x;
+                rect_pos.y += g.FontSize;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // We test for 'buf_display_max_length' as a way to avoid some pathological cases (e.g. single-line 1 MB string) which would make ImDrawList crash.
+        if (is_multiline || (buf_display_end - buf_display) < buf_display_max_length)
+        {
+            ImU32 col = GetColorU32(is_displaying_hint ? ImGuiCol_TextDisabled : ImGuiCol_Text);
+            draw_window->DrawList->AddText(g.Font, g.FontSize, draw_pos - draw_scroll, col, buf_display, buf_display_end, 0.0f, is_multiline ? NULL : &clip_rect);
+        }
+
+        // Draw blinking cursor
+        if (render_cursor)
+        {
+            state->CursorAnim += io.DeltaTime;
+            bool cursor_is_visible = (!g.IO.ConfigInputTextCursorBlink) || (state->CursorAnim <= 0.0f) || ImFmod(state->CursorAnim, 1.20f) <= 0.80f;
+            ImVec2 cursor_screen_pos = ImFloor(draw_pos + cursor_offset - draw_scroll);
+            ImRect cursor_screen_rect(cursor_screen_pos.x, cursor_screen_pos.y - g.FontSize + 0.5f, cursor_screen_pos.x + 1.0f, cursor_screen_pos.y - 1.5f);
+            if (cursor_is_visible && cursor_screen_rect.Overlaps(clip_rect))
+                draw_window->DrawList->AddLine(cursor_screen_rect.Min, cursor_screen_rect.GetBL(), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text));
+
+            // Notify OS of text input position for advanced IME (-1 x offset so that Windows IME can cover our cursor. Bit of an extra nicety.)
+            if (!is_readonly)
+            {
+                g.PlatformImeData.WantVisible = true;
+                g.PlatformImeData.InputPos = ImVec2(cursor_screen_pos.x - 1.0f, cursor_screen_pos.y - g.FontSize);
+                g.PlatformImeData.InputLineHeight = g.FontSize;
+                g.PlatformImeViewport = window->Viewport->ID;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Render text only (no selection, no cursor)
+        if (is_multiline)
+            text_size = ImVec2(inner_size.x, InputTextCalcTextLenAndLineCount(buf_display, &buf_display_end) * g.FontSize); // We don't need width
+        else if (!is_displaying_hint && g.ActiveId == id)
+            buf_display_end = buf_display + state->CurLenA;
+        else if (!is_displaying_hint)
+            buf_display_end = buf_display + strlen(buf_display);
+
+        if (is_multiline || (buf_display_end - buf_display) < buf_display_max_length)
+        {
+            ImU32 col = GetColorU32(is_displaying_hint ? ImGuiCol_TextDisabled : ImGuiCol_Text);
+            draw_window->DrawList->AddText(g.Font, g.FontSize, draw_pos, col, buf_display, buf_display_end, 0.0f, is_multiline ? NULL : &clip_rect);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (is_password && !is_displaying_hint)
+        PopFont();
+
+    if (is_multiline)
+    {
+        // For focus requests to work on our multiline we need to ensure our child ItemAdd() call specifies the ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable (ref issue #4761)...
+        Dummy(ImVec2(text_size.x, text_size.y + style.FramePadding.y));
+        ImGuiItemFlags backup_item_flags = g.CurrentItemFlags;
+        g.CurrentItemFlags |= ImGuiItemFlags_Inputable | ImGuiItemFlags_NoTabStop;
+        EndChild();
+        item_data_backup.StatusFlags |= (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow);
+        g.CurrentItemFlags = backup_item_flags;
+
+        // ...and then we need to undo the group overriding last item data, which gets a bit messy as EndGroup() tries to forward scrollbar being active...
+        // FIXME: This quite messy/tricky, should attempt to get rid of the child window.
+        EndGroup();
+        if (g.LastItemData.ID == 0)
+        {
+            g.LastItemData.ID = id;
+            g.LastItemData.InFlags = item_data_backup.InFlags;
+            g.LastItemData.StatusFlags = item_data_backup.StatusFlags;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Log as text
+    if (g.LogEnabled && (!is_password || is_displaying_hint))
+    {
+        LogSetNextTextDecoration("{", "}");
+        LogRenderedText(&draw_pos, buf_display, buf_display_end);
+    }
+
+    if (label_size.x > 0)
+        RenderText(ImVec2(frame_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, frame_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), label);
+
+    if (value_changed && !(flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_NoMarkEdited))
+        MarkItemEdited(id);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Inputable);
+    if ((flags & ImGuiInputTextFlags_EnterReturnsTrue) != 0)
+        return validated;
+    else
+        return value_changed;
+}
+
+void ImGui::DebugNodeInputTextState(ImGuiInputTextState* state)
+{
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImStb::STB_TexteditState* stb_state = &state->Stb;
+    ImStb::StbUndoState* undo_state = &stb_state->undostate;
+    Text("ID: 0x%08X, ActiveID: 0x%08X", state->ID, g.ActiveId);
+    DebugLocateItemOnHover(state->ID);
+    Text("CurLenW: %d, CurLenA: %d, Cursor: %d, Selection: %d..%d", state->CurLenW, state->CurLenA, stb_state->cursor, stb_state->select_start, stb_state->select_end);
+    Text("has_preferred_x: %d (%.2f)", stb_state->has_preferred_x, stb_state->preferred_x);
+    Text("undo_point: %d, redo_point: %d, undo_char_point: %d, redo_char_point: %d", undo_state->undo_point, undo_state->redo_point, undo_state->undo_char_point, undo_state->redo_char_point);
+    if (BeginChild("undopoints", ImVec2(0.0f, GetTextLineHeight() * 15), true)) // Visualize undo state
+    {
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(0, 0));
+        for (int n = 0; n < STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT; n++)
+        {
+            ImStb::StbUndoRecord* undo_rec = &undo_state->undo_rec[n];
+            const char undo_rec_type = (n < undo_state->undo_point) ? 'u' : (n >= undo_state->redo_point) ? 'r' : ' ';
+            if (undo_rec_type == ' ')
+                BeginDisabled();
+            char buf[64] = "";
+            if (undo_rec_type != ' ' && undo_rec->char_storage != -1)
+                ImTextStrToUtf8(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), undo_state->undo_char + undo_rec->char_storage, undo_state->undo_char + undo_rec->char_storage + undo_rec->insert_length);
+            Text("%c [%02d] where %03d, insert %03d, delete %03d, char_storage %03d \"%s\"",
+                undo_rec_type, n, undo_rec->where, undo_rec->insert_length, undo_rec->delete_length, undo_rec->char_storage, buf);
+            if (undo_rec_type == ' ')
+                EndDisabled();
+        }
+        PopStyleVar();
+    }
+    EndChild();
+#else
+    IM_UNUSED(state);
+#endif
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: ColorEdit, ColorPicker, ColorButton, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ColorEdit3()
+// - ColorEdit4()
+// - ColorPicker3()
+// - RenderColorRectWithAlphaCheckerboard() [Internal]
+// - ColorPicker4()
+// - ColorButton()
+// - SetColorEditOptions()
+// - ColorTooltip() [Internal]
+// - ColorEditOptionsPopup() [Internal]
+// - ColorPickerOptionsPopup() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ImGui::ColorEdit3(const char* label, float col[3], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags)
+{
+    return ColorEdit4(label, col, flags | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha);
+}
+
+static void ColorEditRestoreH(const float* col, float* H)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.ColorEditCurrentID != 0);
+    if (g.ColorEditSavedID != g.ColorEditCurrentID || g.ColorEditSavedColor != ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(ImVec4(col[0], col[1], col[2], 0)))
+        return;
+    *H = g.ColorEditSavedHue;
+}
+
+// ColorEdit supports RGB and HSV inputs. In case of RGB input resulting color may have undefined hue and/or saturation.
+// Since widget displays both RGB and HSV values we must preserve hue and saturation to prevent these values resetting.
+static void ColorEditRestoreHS(const float* col, float* H, float* S, float* V)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(g.ColorEditCurrentID != 0);
+    if (g.ColorEditSavedID != g.ColorEditCurrentID || g.ColorEditSavedColor != ImGui::ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(ImVec4(col[0], col[1], col[2], 0)))
+        return;
+
+    // When S == 0, H is undefined.
+    // When H == 1 it wraps around to 0.
+    if (*S == 0.0f || (*H == 0.0f && g.ColorEditSavedHue == 1))
+        *H = g.ColorEditSavedHue;
+
+    // When V == 0, S is undefined.
+    if (*V == 0.0f)
+        *S = g.ColorEditSavedSat;
+}
+
+// Edit colors components (each component in 0.0f..1.0f range).
+// See enum ImGuiColorEditFlags_ for available options. e.g. Only access 3 floats if ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha flag is set.
+// With typical options: Left-click on color square to open color picker. Right-click to open option menu. CTRL-Click over input fields to edit them and TAB to go to next item.
+bool ImGui::ColorEdit4(const char* label, float col[4], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const float square_sz = GetFrameHeight();
+    const float w_full = CalcItemWidth();
+    const float w_button = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSmallPreview) ? 0.0f : (square_sz + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+    const float w_inputs = w_full - w_button;
+    const char* label_display_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+    g.NextItemData.ClearFlags();
+
+    BeginGroup();
+    PushID(label);
+    const bool set_current_color_edit_id = (g.ColorEditCurrentID == 0);
+    if (set_current_color_edit_id)
+        g.ColorEditCurrentID = window->IDStack.back();
+
+    // If we're not showing any slider there's no point in doing any HSV conversions
+    const ImGuiColorEditFlags flags_untouched = flags;
+    if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs)
+        flags = (flags & (~ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_)) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions;
+
+    // Context menu: display and modify options (before defaults are applied)
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+        ColorEditOptionsPopup(col, flags);
+
+    // Read stored options
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_))
+        flags |= (g.ColorEditOptions & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_);
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_))
+        flags |= (g.ColorEditOptions & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_);
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_))
+        flags |= (g.ColorEditOptions & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_);
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_))
+        flags |= (g.ColorEditOptions & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_);
+    flags |= (g.ColorEditOptions & ~(ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_));
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_)); // Check that only 1 is selected
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_));   // Check that only 1 is selected
+
+    const bool alpha = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) == 0;
+    const bool hdr = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR) != 0;
+    const int components = alpha ? 4 : 3;
+
+    // Convert to the formats we need
+    float f[4] = { col[0], col[1], col[2], alpha ? col[3] : 1.0f };
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV) && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB))
+        ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(f[0], f[1], f[2], f[0], f[1], f[2]);
+    else if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB) && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV))
+    {
+        // Hue is lost when converting from grayscale rgb (saturation=0). Restore it.
+        ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(f[0], f[1], f[2], f[0], f[1], f[2]);
+        ColorEditRestoreHS(col, &f[0], &f[1], &f[2]);
+    }
+    int i[4] = { IM_F32_TO_INT8_UNBOUND(f[0]), IM_F32_TO_INT8_UNBOUND(f[1]), IM_F32_TO_INT8_UNBOUND(f[2]), IM_F32_TO_INT8_UNBOUND(f[3]) };
+
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    bool value_changed_as_float = false;
+
+    const ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    const float inputs_offset_x = (style.ColorButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left) ? w_button : 0.0f;
+    window->DC.CursorPos.x = pos.x + inputs_offset_x;
+
+    if ((flags & (ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV)) != 0 && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs) == 0)
+    {
+        // RGB/HSV 0..255 Sliders
+        const float w_item_one  = ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR((w_inputs - (style.ItemInnerSpacing.x) * (components - 1)) / (float)components));
+        const float w_item_last = ImMax(1.0f, IM_FLOOR(w_inputs - (w_item_one + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x) * (components - 1)));
+
+        const bool hide_prefix = (w_item_one <= CalcTextSize((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float) ? "M:0.000" : "M:000").x);
+        static const char* ids[4] = { "##X", "##Y", "##Z", "##W" };
+        static const char* fmt_table_int[3][4] =
+        {
+            {   "%3d",   "%3d",   "%3d",   "%3d" }, // Short display
+            { "R:%3d", "G:%3d", "B:%3d", "A:%3d" }, // Long display for RGBA
+            { "H:%3d", "S:%3d", "V:%3d", "A:%3d" }  // Long display for HSVA
+        };
+        static const char* fmt_table_float[3][4] =
+        {
+            {   "%0.3f",   "%0.3f",   "%0.3f",   "%0.3f" }, // Short display
+            { "R:%0.3f", "G:%0.3f", "B:%0.3f", "A:%0.3f" }, // Long display for RGBA
+            { "H:%0.3f", "S:%0.3f", "V:%0.3f", "A:%0.3f" }  // Long display for HSVA
+        };
+        const int fmt_idx = hide_prefix ? 0 : (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV) ? 2 : 1;
+
+        for (int n = 0; n < components; n++)
+        {
+            if (n > 0)
+                SameLine(0, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+            SetNextItemWidth((n + 1 < components) ? w_item_one : w_item_last);
+
+            // FIXME: When ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR flag is passed HS values snap in weird ways when SV values go below 0.
+            if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float)
+            {
+                value_changed |= DragFloat(ids[n], &f[n], 1.0f / 255.0f, 0.0f, hdr ? 0.0f : 1.0f, fmt_table_float[fmt_idx][n]);
+                value_changed_as_float |= value_changed;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                value_changed |= DragInt(ids[n], &i[n], 1.0f, 0, hdr ? 0 : 255, fmt_table_int[fmt_idx][n]);
+            }
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+                OpenPopupOnItemClick("context", ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+        }
+    }
+    else if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex) != 0 && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs) == 0)
+    {
+        // RGB Hexadecimal Input
+        char buf[64];
+        if (alpha)
+            ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X%02X", ImClamp(i[0], 0, 255), ImClamp(i[1], 0, 255), ImClamp(i[2], 0, 255), ImClamp(i[3], 0, 255));
+        else
+            ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", ImClamp(i[0], 0, 255), ImClamp(i[1], 0, 255), ImClamp(i[2], 0, 255));
+        SetNextItemWidth(w_inputs);
+        if (InputText("##Text", buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase))
+        {
+            value_changed = true;
+            char* p = buf;
+            while (*p == '#' || ImCharIsBlankA(*p))
+                p++;
+            i[0] = i[1] = i[2] = 0;
+            i[3] = 0xFF; // alpha default to 255 is not parsed by scanf (e.g. inputting #FFFFFF omitting alpha)
+            int r;
+            if (alpha)
+                r = sscanf(p, "%02X%02X%02X%02X", (unsigned int*)&i[0], (unsigned int*)&i[1], (unsigned int*)&i[2], (unsigned int*)&i[3]); // Treat at unsigned (%X is unsigned)
+            else
+                r = sscanf(p, "%02X%02X%02X", (unsigned int*)&i[0], (unsigned int*)&i[1], (unsigned int*)&i[2]);
+            IM_UNUSED(r); // Fixes C6031: Return value ignored: 'sscanf'.
+        }
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+            OpenPopupOnItemClick("context", ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+    }
+
+    ImGuiWindow* picker_active_window = NULL;
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSmallPreview))
+    {
+        const float button_offset_x = ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs) || (style.ColorButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left)) ? 0.0f : w_inputs + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+        window->DC.CursorPos = ImVec2(pos.x + button_offset_x, pos.y);
+
+        const ImVec4 col_v4(col[0], col[1], col[2], alpha ? col[3] : 1.0f);
+        if (ColorButton("##ColorButton", col_v4, flags))
+        {
+            if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoPicker))
+            {
+                // Store current color and open a picker
+                g.ColorPickerRef = col_v4;
+                OpenPopup("picker");
+                SetNextWindowPos(g.LastItemData.Rect.GetBL() + ImVec2(0.0f, style.ItemSpacing.y));
+            }
+        }
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+            OpenPopupOnItemClick("context", ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+
+        if (BeginPopup("picker"))
+        {
+            if (g.CurrentWindow->BeginCount == 1)
+            {
+                picker_active_window = g.CurrentWindow;
+                if (label != label_display_end)
+                {
+                    TextEx(label, label_display_end);
+                    Spacing();
+                }
+                ImGuiColorEditFlags picker_flags_to_forward = ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar;
+                ImGuiColorEditFlags picker_flags = (flags_untouched & picker_flags_to_forward) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf;
+                SetNextItemWidth(square_sz * 12.0f); // Use 256 + bar sizes?
+                value_changed |= ColorPicker4("##picker", col, picker_flags, &g.ColorPickerRef.x);
+            }
+            EndPopup();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (label != label_display_end && !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel))
+    {
+        // Position not necessarily next to last submitted button (e.g. if style.ColorButtonPosition == ImGuiDir_Left),
+        // but we need to use SameLine() to setup baseline correctly. Might want to refactor SameLine() to simplify this.
+        SameLine(0.0f, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x = pos.x + ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs) ? w_button : w_full + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        TextEx(label, label_display_end);
+    }
+
+    // Convert back
+    if (value_changed && picker_active_window == NULL)
+    {
+        if (!value_changed_as_float)
+            for (int n = 0; n < 4; n++)
+                f[n] = i[n] / 255.0f;
+        if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV) && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB))
+        {
+            g.ColorEditSavedHue = f[0];
+            g.ColorEditSavedSat = f[1];
+            ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(f[0], f[1], f[2], f[0], f[1], f[2]);
+            g.ColorEditSavedID = g.ColorEditCurrentID;
+            g.ColorEditSavedColor = ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(ImVec4(f[0], f[1], f[2], 0));
+        }
+        if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB) && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV))
+            ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(f[0], f[1], f[2], f[0], f[1], f[2]);
+
+        col[0] = f[0];
+        col[1] = f[1];
+        col[2] = f[2];
+        if (alpha)
+            col[3] = f[3];
+    }
+
+    if (set_current_color_edit_id)
+        g.ColorEditCurrentID = 0;
+    PopID();
+    EndGroup();
+
+    // Drag and Drop Target
+    // NB: The flag test is merely an optional micro-optimization, BeginDragDropTarget() does the same test.
+    if ((g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredRect) && !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoDragDrop) && BeginDragDropTarget())
+    {
+        bool accepted_drag_drop = false;
+        if (const ImGuiPayload* payload = AcceptDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_3F))
+        {
+            memcpy((float*)col, payload->Data, sizeof(float) * 3); // Preserve alpha if any //-V512 //-V1086
+            value_changed = accepted_drag_drop = true;
+        }
+        if (const ImGuiPayload* payload = AcceptDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_4F))
+        {
+            memcpy((float*)col, payload->Data, sizeof(float) * components);
+            value_changed = accepted_drag_drop = true;
+        }
+
+        // Drag-drop payloads are always RGB
+        if (accepted_drag_drop && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV))
+            ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(col[0], col[1], col[2], col[0], col[1], col[2]);
+        EndDragDropTarget();
+    }
+
+    // When picker is being actively used, use its active id so IsItemActive() will function on ColorEdit4().
+    if (picker_active_window && g.ActiveId != 0 && g.ActiveIdWindow == picker_active_window)
+        g.LastItemData.ID = g.ActiveId;
+
+    if (value_changed && g.LastItemData.ID != 0) // In case of ID collision, the second EndGroup() won't catch g.ActiveId
+        MarkItemEdited(g.LastItemData.ID);
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::ColorPicker3(const char* label, float col[3], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags)
+{
+    float col4[4] = { col[0], col[1], col[2], 1.0f };
+    if (!ColorPicker4(label, col4, flags | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha))
+        return false;
+    col[0] = col4[0]; col[1] = col4[1]; col[2] = col4[2];
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Helper for ColorPicker4()
+static void RenderArrowsForVerticalBar(ImDrawList* draw_list, ImVec2 pos, ImVec2 half_sz, float bar_w, float alpha)
+{
+    ImU32 alpha8 = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(alpha);
+    ImGui::RenderArrowPointingAt(draw_list, ImVec2(pos.x + half_sz.x + 1,         pos.y), ImVec2(half_sz.x + 2, half_sz.y + 1), ImGuiDir_Right, IM_COL32(0,0,0,alpha8));
+    ImGui::RenderArrowPointingAt(draw_list, ImVec2(pos.x + half_sz.x,             pos.y), half_sz,                              ImGuiDir_Right, IM_COL32(255,255,255,alpha8));
+    ImGui::RenderArrowPointingAt(draw_list, ImVec2(pos.x + bar_w - half_sz.x - 1, pos.y), ImVec2(half_sz.x + 2, half_sz.y + 1), ImGuiDir_Left,  IM_COL32(0,0,0,alpha8));
+    ImGui::RenderArrowPointingAt(draw_list, ImVec2(pos.x + bar_w - half_sz.x,     pos.y), half_sz,                              ImGuiDir_Left,  IM_COL32(255,255,255,alpha8));
+}
+
+// Note: ColorPicker4() only accesses 3 floats if ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha flag is set.
+// (In C++ the 'float col[4]' notation for a function argument is equivalent to 'float* col', we only specify a size to facilitate understanding of the code.)
+// FIXME: we adjust the big color square height based on item width, which may cause a flickering feedback loop (if automatic height makes a vertical scrollbar appears, affecting automatic width..)
+// FIXME: this is trying to be aware of style.Alpha but not fully correct. Also, the color wheel will have overlapping glitches with (style.Alpha < 1.0)
+bool ImGui::ColorPicker4(const char* label, float col[4], ImGuiColorEditFlags flags, const float* ref_col)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImDrawList* draw_list = window->DrawList;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    ImGuiIO& io = g.IO;
+
+    const float width = CalcItemWidth();
+    g.NextItemData.ClearFlags();
+
+    PushID(label);
+    const bool set_current_color_edit_id = (g.ColorEditCurrentID == 0);
+    if (set_current_color_edit_id)
+        g.ColorEditCurrentID = window->IDStack.back();
+    BeginGroup();
+
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview))
+        flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSmallPreview;
+
+    // Context menu: display and store options.
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+        ColorPickerOptionsPopup(col, flags);
+
+    // Read stored options
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_))
+        flags |= ((g.ColorEditOptions & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_) ? g.ColorEditOptions : ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_) & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_;
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_))
+        flags |= ((g.ColorEditOptions & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_) ? g.ColorEditOptions : ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_) & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_;
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_)); // Check that only 1 is selected
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_));  // Check that only 1 is selected
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+        flags |= (g.ColorEditOptions & ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar);
+
+    // Setup
+    int components = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 3 : 4;
+    bool alpha_bar = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar) && !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha);
+    ImVec2 picker_pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    float square_sz = GetFrameHeight();
+    float bars_width = square_sz; // Arbitrary smallish width of Hue/Alpha picking bars
+    float sv_picker_size = ImMax(bars_width * 1, width - (alpha_bar ? 2 : 1) * (bars_width + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x)); // Saturation/Value picking box
+    float bar0_pos_x = picker_pos.x + sv_picker_size + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+    float bar1_pos_x = bar0_pos_x + bars_width + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+    float bars_triangles_half_sz = IM_FLOOR(bars_width * 0.20f);
+
+    float backup_initial_col[4];
+    memcpy(backup_initial_col, col, components * sizeof(float));
+
+    float wheel_thickness = sv_picker_size * 0.08f;
+    float wheel_r_outer = sv_picker_size * 0.50f;
+    float wheel_r_inner = wheel_r_outer - wheel_thickness;
+    ImVec2 wheel_center(picker_pos.x + (sv_picker_size + bars_width)*0.5f, picker_pos.y + sv_picker_size * 0.5f);
+
+    // Note: the triangle is displayed rotated with triangle_pa pointing to Hue, but most coordinates stays unrotated for logic.
+    float triangle_r = wheel_r_inner - (int)(sv_picker_size * 0.027f);
+    ImVec2 triangle_pa = ImVec2(triangle_r, 0.0f); // Hue point.
+    ImVec2 triangle_pb = ImVec2(triangle_r * -0.5f, triangle_r * -0.866025f); // Black point.
+    ImVec2 triangle_pc = ImVec2(triangle_r * -0.5f, triangle_r * +0.866025f); // White point.
+
+    float H = col[0], S = col[1], V = col[2];
+    float R = col[0], G = col[1], B = col[2];
+    if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB)
+    {
+        // Hue is lost when converting from grayscale rgb (saturation=0). Restore it.
+        ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(R, G, B, H, S, V);
+        ColorEditRestoreHS(col, &H, &S, &V);
+    }
+    else if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV)
+    {
+        ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(H, S, V, R, G, B);
+    }
+
+    bool value_changed = false, value_changed_h = false, value_changed_sv = false;
+
+    PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav, true);
+    if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel)
+    {
+        // Hue wheel + SV triangle logic
+        InvisibleButton("hsv", ImVec2(sv_picker_size + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + bars_width, sv_picker_size));
+        if (IsItemActive())
+        {
+            ImVec2 initial_off = g.IO.MouseClickedPos[0] - wheel_center;
+            ImVec2 current_off = g.IO.MousePos - wheel_center;
+            float initial_dist2 = ImLengthSqr(initial_off);
+            if (initial_dist2 >= (wheel_r_inner - 1) * (wheel_r_inner - 1) && initial_dist2 <= (wheel_r_outer + 1) * (wheel_r_outer + 1))
+            {
+                // Interactive with Hue wheel
+                H = ImAtan2(current_off.y, current_off.x) / IM_PI * 0.5f;
+                if (H < 0.0f)
+                    H += 1.0f;
+                value_changed = value_changed_h = true;
+            }
+            float cos_hue_angle = ImCos(-H * 2.0f * IM_PI);
+            float sin_hue_angle = ImSin(-H * 2.0f * IM_PI);
+            if (ImTriangleContainsPoint(triangle_pa, triangle_pb, triangle_pc, ImRotate(initial_off, cos_hue_angle, sin_hue_angle)))
+            {
+                // Interacting with SV triangle
+                ImVec2 current_off_unrotated = ImRotate(current_off, cos_hue_angle, sin_hue_angle);
+                if (!ImTriangleContainsPoint(triangle_pa, triangle_pb, triangle_pc, current_off_unrotated))
+                    current_off_unrotated = ImTriangleClosestPoint(triangle_pa, triangle_pb, triangle_pc, current_off_unrotated);
+                float uu, vv, ww;
+                ImTriangleBarycentricCoords(triangle_pa, triangle_pb, triangle_pc, current_off_unrotated, uu, vv, ww);
+                V = ImClamp(1.0f - vv, 0.0001f, 1.0f);
+                S = ImClamp(uu / V, 0.0001f, 1.0f);
+                value_changed = value_changed_sv = true;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+            OpenPopupOnItemClick("context", ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+    }
+    else if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar)
+    {
+        // SV rectangle logic
+        InvisibleButton("sv", ImVec2(sv_picker_size, sv_picker_size));
+        if (IsItemActive())
+        {
+            S = ImSaturate((io.MousePos.x - picker_pos.x) / (sv_picker_size - 1));
+            V = 1.0f - ImSaturate((io.MousePos.y - picker_pos.y) / (sv_picker_size - 1));
+            ColorEditRestoreH(col, &H); // Greatly reduces hue jitter and reset to 0 when hue == 255 and color is rapidly modified using SV square.
+            value_changed = value_changed_sv = true;
+        }
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions))
+            OpenPopupOnItemClick("context", ImGuiPopupFlags_MouseButtonRight);
+
+        // Hue bar logic
+        SetCursorScreenPos(ImVec2(bar0_pos_x, picker_pos.y));
+        InvisibleButton("hue", ImVec2(bars_width, sv_picker_size));
+        if (IsItemActive())
+        {
+            H = ImSaturate((io.MousePos.y - picker_pos.y) / (sv_picker_size - 1));
+            value_changed = value_changed_h = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Alpha bar logic
+    if (alpha_bar)
+    {
+        SetCursorScreenPos(ImVec2(bar1_pos_x, picker_pos.y));
+        InvisibleButton("alpha", ImVec2(bars_width, sv_picker_size));
+        if (IsItemActive())
+        {
+            col[3] = 1.0f - ImSaturate((io.MousePos.y - picker_pos.y) / (sv_picker_size - 1));
+            value_changed = true;
+        }
+    }
+    PopItemFlag(); // ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav
+
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview))
+    {
+        SameLine(0, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+        BeginGroup();
+    }
+
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel))
+    {
+        const char* label_display_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+        if (label != label_display_end)
+        {
+            if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview))
+                SameLine(0, style.ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+            TextEx(label, label_display_end);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview))
+    {
+        PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_NoNavDefaultFocus, true);
+        ImVec4 col_v4(col[0], col[1], col[2], (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 1.0f : col[3]);
+        if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel))
+            Text("Current");
+
+        ImGuiColorEditFlags sub_flags_to_forward = ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip;
+        ColorButton("##current", col_v4, (flags & sub_flags_to_forward), ImVec2(square_sz * 3, square_sz * 2));
+        if (ref_col != NULL)
+        {
+            Text("Original");
+            ImVec4 ref_col_v4(ref_col[0], ref_col[1], ref_col[2], (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 1.0f : ref_col[3]);
+            if (ColorButton("##original", ref_col_v4, (flags & sub_flags_to_forward), ImVec2(square_sz * 3, square_sz * 2)))
+            {
+                memcpy(col, ref_col, components * sizeof(float));
+                value_changed = true;
+            }
+        }
+        PopItemFlag();
+        EndGroup();
+    }
+
+    // Convert back color to RGB
+    if (value_changed_h || value_changed_sv)
+    {
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB)
+        {
+            ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(H, S, V, col[0], col[1], col[2]);
+            g.ColorEditSavedHue = H;
+            g.ColorEditSavedSat = S;
+            g.ColorEditSavedID = g.ColorEditCurrentID;
+            g.ColorEditSavedColor = ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(ImVec4(col[0], col[1], col[2], 0));
+        }
+        else if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV)
+        {
+            col[0] = H;
+            col[1] = S;
+            col[2] = V;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // R,G,B and H,S,V slider color editor
+    bool value_changed_fix_hue_wrap = false;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs) == 0)
+    {
+        PushItemWidth((alpha_bar ? bar1_pos_x : bar0_pos_x) + bars_width - picker_pos.x);
+        ImGuiColorEditFlags sub_flags_to_forward = ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_HDR | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSmallPreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf;
+        ImGuiColorEditFlags sub_flags = (flags & sub_flags_to_forward) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoPicker;
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB || (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_) == 0)
+            if (ColorEdit4("##rgb", col, sub_flags | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB))
+            {
+                // FIXME: Hackily differentiating using the DragInt (ActiveId != 0 && !ActiveIdAllowOverlap) vs. using the InputText or DropTarget.
+                // For the later we don't want to run the hue-wrap canceling code. If you are well versed in HSV picker please provide your input! (See #2050)
+                value_changed_fix_hue_wrap = (g.ActiveId != 0 && !g.ActiveIdAllowOverlap);
+                value_changed = true;
+            }
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV || (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_) == 0)
+            value_changed |= ColorEdit4("##hsv", col, sub_flags | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV);
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex || (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_) == 0)
+            value_changed |= ColorEdit4("##hex", col, sub_flags | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex);
+        PopItemWidth();
+    }
+
+    // Try to cancel hue wrap (after ColorEdit4 call), if any
+    if (value_changed_fix_hue_wrap && (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB))
+    {
+        float new_H, new_S, new_V;
+        ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(col[0], col[1], col[2], new_H, new_S, new_V);
+        if (new_H <= 0 && H > 0)
+        {
+            if (new_V <= 0 && V != new_V)
+                ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(H, S, new_V <= 0 ? V * 0.5f : new_V, col[0], col[1], col[2]);
+            else if (new_S <= 0)
+                ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(H, new_S <= 0 ? S * 0.5f : new_S, new_V, col[0], col[1], col[2]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (value_changed)
+    {
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB)
+        {
+            R = col[0];
+            G = col[1];
+            B = col[2];
+            ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(R, G, B, H, S, V);
+            ColorEditRestoreHS(col, &H, &S, &V);   // Fix local Hue as display below will use it immediately.
+        }
+        else if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV)
+        {
+            H = col[0];
+            S = col[1];
+            V = col[2];
+            ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(H, S, V, R, G, B);
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int style_alpha8 = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(style.Alpha);
+    const ImU32 col_black = IM_COL32(0,0,0,style_alpha8);
+    const ImU32 col_white = IM_COL32(255,255,255,style_alpha8);
+    const ImU32 col_midgrey = IM_COL32(128,128,128,style_alpha8);
+    const ImU32 col_hues[6 + 1] = { IM_COL32(255,0,0,style_alpha8), IM_COL32(255,255,0,style_alpha8), IM_COL32(0,255,0,style_alpha8), IM_COL32(0,255,255,style_alpha8), IM_COL32(0,0,255,style_alpha8), IM_COL32(255,0,255,style_alpha8), IM_COL32(255,0,0,style_alpha8) };
+
+    ImVec4 hue_color_f(1, 1, 1, style.Alpha); ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(H, 1, 1, hue_color_f.x, hue_color_f.y, hue_color_f.z);
+    ImU32 hue_color32 = ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(hue_color_f);
+    ImU32 user_col32_striped_of_alpha = ColorConvertFloat4ToU32(ImVec4(R, G, B, style.Alpha)); // Important: this is still including the main rendering/style alpha!!
+
+    ImVec2 sv_cursor_pos;
+
+    if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel)
+    {
+        // Render Hue Wheel
+        const float aeps = 0.5f / wheel_r_outer; // Half a pixel arc length in radians (2pi cancels out).
+        const int segment_per_arc = ImMax(4, (int)wheel_r_outer / 12);
+        for (int n = 0; n < 6; n++)
+        {
+            const float a0 = (n)     /6.0f * 2.0f * IM_PI - aeps;
+            const float a1 = (n+1.0f)/6.0f * 2.0f * IM_PI + aeps;
+            const int vert_start_idx = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size;
+            draw_list->PathArcTo(wheel_center, (wheel_r_inner + wheel_r_outer)*0.5f, a0, a1, segment_per_arc);
+            draw_list->PathStroke(col_white, 0, wheel_thickness);
+            const int vert_end_idx = draw_list->VtxBuffer.Size;
+
+            // Paint colors over existing vertices
+            ImVec2 gradient_p0(wheel_center.x + ImCos(a0) * wheel_r_inner, wheel_center.y + ImSin(a0) * wheel_r_inner);
+            ImVec2 gradient_p1(wheel_center.x + ImCos(a1) * wheel_r_inner, wheel_center.y + ImSin(a1) * wheel_r_inner);
+            ShadeVertsLinearColorGradientKeepAlpha(draw_list, vert_start_idx, vert_end_idx, gradient_p0, gradient_p1, col_hues[n], col_hues[n + 1]);
+        }
+
+        // Render Cursor + preview on Hue Wheel
+        float cos_hue_angle = ImCos(H * 2.0f * IM_PI);
+        float sin_hue_angle = ImSin(H * 2.0f * IM_PI);
+        ImVec2 hue_cursor_pos(wheel_center.x + cos_hue_angle * (wheel_r_inner + wheel_r_outer) * 0.5f, wheel_center.y + sin_hue_angle * (wheel_r_inner + wheel_r_outer) * 0.5f);
+        float hue_cursor_rad = value_changed_h ? wheel_thickness * 0.65f : wheel_thickness * 0.55f;
+        int hue_cursor_segments = draw_list->_CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(hue_cursor_rad); // Lock segment count so the +1 one matches others.
+        draw_list->AddCircleFilled(hue_cursor_pos, hue_cursor_rad, hue_color32, hue_cursor_segments);
+        draw_list->AddCircle(hue_cursor_pos, hue_cursor_rad + 1, col_midgrey, hue_cursor_segments);
+        draw_list->AddCircle(hue_cursor_pos, hue_cursor_rad, col_white, hue_cursor_segments);
+
+        // Render SV triangle (rotated according to hue)
+        ImVec2 tra = wheel_center + ImRotate(triangle_pa, cos_hue_angle, sin_hue_angle);
+        ImVec2 trb = wheel_center + ImRotate(triangle_pb, cos_hue_angle, sin_hue_angle);
+        ImVec2 trc = wheel_center + ImRotate(triangle_pc, cos_hue_angle, sin_hue_angle);
+        ImVec2 uv_white = GetFontTexUvWhitePixel();
+        draw_list->PrimReserve(3, 3);
+        draw_list->PrimVtx(tra, uv_white, hue_color32);
+        draw_list->PrimVtx(trb, uv_white, col_black);
+        draw_list->PrimVtx(trc, uv_white, col_white);
+        draw_list->AddTriangle(tra, trb, trc, col_midgrey, 1.5f);
+        sv_cursor_pos = ImLerp(ImLerp(trc, tra, ImSaturate(S)), trb, ImSaturate(1 - V));
+    }
+    else if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar)
+    {
+        // Render SV Square
+        draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor(picker_pos, picker_pos + ImVec2(sv_picker_size, sv_picker_size), col_white, hue_color32, hue_color32, col_white);
+        draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor(picker_pos, picker_pos + ImVec2(sv_picker_size, sv_picker_size), 0, 0, col_black, col_black);
+        RenderFrameBorder(picker_pos, picker_pos + ImVec2(sv_picker_size, sv_picker_size), 0.0f);
+        sv_cursor_pos.x = ImClamp(IM_ROUND(picker_pos.x + ImSaturate(S)     * sv_picker_size), picker_pos.x + 2, picker_pos.x + sv_picker_size - 2); // Sneakily prevent the circle to stick out too much
+        sv_cursor_pos.y = ImClamp(IM_ROUND(picker_pos.y + ImSaturate(1 - V) * sv_picker_size), picker_pos.y + 2, picker_pos.y + sv_picker_size - 2);
+
+        // Render Hue Bar
+        for (int i = 0; i < 6; ++i)
+            draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor(ImVec2(bar0_pos_x, picker_pos.y + i * (sv_picker_size / 6)), ImVec2(bar0_pos_x + bars_width, picker_pos.y + (i + 1) * (sv_picker_size / 6)), col_hues[i], col_hues[i], col_hues[i + 1], col_hues[i + 1]);
+        float bar0_line_y = IM_ROUND(picker_pos.y + H * sv_picker_size);
+        RenderFrameBorder(ImVec2(bar0_pos_x, picker_pos.y), ImVec2(bar0_pos_x + bars_width, picker_pos.y + sv_picker_size), 0.0f);
+        RenderArrowsForVerticalBar(draw_list, ImVec2(bar0_pos_x - 1, bar0_line_y), ImVec2(bars_triangles_half_sz + 1, bars_triangles_half_sz), bars_width + 2.0f, style.Alpha);
+    }
+
+    // Render cursor/preview circle (clamp S/V within 0..1 range because floating points colors may lead HSV values to be out of range)
+    float sv_cursor_rad = value_changed_sv ? 10.0f : 6.0f;
+    int sv_cursor_segments = draw_list->_CalcCircleAutoSegmentCount(sv_cursor_rad); // Lock segment count so the +1 one matches others.
+    draw_list->AddCircleFilled(sv_cursor_pos, sv_cursor_rad, user_col32_striped_of_alpha, sv_cursor_segments);
+    draw_list->AddCircle(sv_cursor_pos, sv_cursor_rad + 1, col_midgrey, sv_cursor_segments);
+    draw_list->AddCircle(sv_cursor_pos, sv_cursor_rad, col_white, sv_cursor_segments);
+
+    // Render alpha bar
+    if (alpha_bar)
+    {
+        float alpha = ImSaturate(col[3]);
+        ImRect bar1_bb(bar1_pos_x, picker_pos.y, bar1_pos_x + bars_width, picker_pos.y + sv_picker_size);
+        RenderColorRectWithAlphaCheckerboard(draw_list, bar1_bb.Min, bar1_bb.Max, 0, bar1_bb.GetWidth() / 2.0f, ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f));
+        draw_list->AddRectFilledMultiColor(bar1_bb.Min, bar1_bb.Max, user_col32_striped_of_alpha, user_col32_striped_of_alpha, user_col32_striped_of_alpha & ~IM_COL32_A_MASK, user_col32_striped_of_alpha & ~IM_COL32_A_MASK);
+        float bar1_line_y = IM_ROUND(picker_pos.y + (1.0f - alpha) * sv_picker_size);
+        RenderFrameBorder(bar1_bb.Min, bar1_bb.Max, 0.0f);
+        RenderArrowsForVerticalBar(draw_list, ImVec2(bar1_pos_x - 1, bar1_line_y), ImVec2(bars_triangles_half_sz + 1, bars_triangles_half_sz), bars_width + 2.0f, style.Alpha);
+    }
+
+    EndGroup();
+
+    if (value_changed && memcmp(backup_initial_col, col, components * sizeof(float)) == 0)
+        value_changed = false;
+    if (value_changed && g.LastItemData.ID != 0) // In case of ID collision, the second EndGroup() won't catch g.ActiveId
+        MarkItemEdited(g.LastItemData.ID);
+
+    if (set_current_color_edit_id)
+        g.ColorEditCurrentID = 0;
+    PopID();
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// A little color square. Return true when clicked.
+// FIXME: May want to display/ignore the alpha component in the color display? Yet show it in the tooltip.
+// 'desc_id' is not called 'label' because we don't display it next to the button, but only in the tooltip.
+// Note that 'col' may be encoded in HSV if ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV is set.
+bool ImGui::ColorButton(const char* desc_id, const ImVec4& col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags, const ImVec2& size_arg)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(desc_id);
+    const float default_size = GetFrameHeight();
+    const ImVec2 size(size_arg.x == 0.0f ? default_size : size_arg.x, size_arg.y == 0.0f ? default_size : size_arg.y);
+    const ImRect bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + size);
+    ItemSize(bb, (size.y >= default_size) ? g.Style.FramePadding.y : 0.0f);
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+        return false;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held);
+
+    if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha)
+        flags &= ~(ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf);
+
+    ImVec4 col_rgb = col;
+    if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV)
+        ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(col_rgb.x, col_rgb.y, col_rgb.z, col_rgb.x, col_rgb.y, col_rgb.z);
+
+    ImVec4 col_rgb_without_alpha(col_rgb.x, col_rgb.y, col_rgb.z, 1.0f);
+    float grid_step = ImMin(size.x, size.y) / 2.99f;
+    float rounding = ImMin(g.Style.FrameRounding, grid_step * 0.5f);
+    ImRect bb_inner = bb;
+    float off = 0.0f;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoBorder) == 0)
+    {
+        off = -0.75f; // The border (using Col_FrameBg) tends to look off when color is near-opaque and rounding is enabled. This offset seemed like a good middle ground to reduce those artifacts.
+        bb_inner.Expand(off);
+    }
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf) && col_rgb.w < 1.0f)
+    {
+        float mid_x = IM_ROUND((bb_inner.Min.x + bb_inner.Max.x) * 0.5f);
+        RenderColorRectWithAlphaCheckerboard(window->DrawList, ImVec2(bb_inner.Min.x + grid_step, bb_inner.Min.y), bb_inner.Max, GetColorU32(col_rgb), grid_step, ImVec2(-grid_step + off, off), rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersRight);
+        window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb_inner.Min, ImVec2(mid_x, bb_inner.Max.y), GetColorU32(col_rgb_without_alpha), rounding, ImDrawFlags_RoundCornersLeft);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Because GetColorU32() multiplies by the global style Alpha and we don't want to display a checkerboard if the source code had no alpha
+        ImVec4 col_source = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview) ? col_rgb : col_rgb_without_alpha;
+        if (col_source.w < 1.0f)
+            RenderColorRectWithAlphaCheckerboard(window->DrawList, bb_inner.Min, bb_inner.Max, GetColorU32(col_source), grid_step, ImVec2(off, off), rounding);
+        else
+            window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(bb_inner.Min, bb_inner.Max, GetColorU32(col_source), rounding);
+    }
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id);
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoBorder) == 0)
+    {
+        if (g.Style.FrameBorderSize > 0.0f)
+            RenderFrameBorder(bb.Min, bb.Max, rounding);
+        else
+            window->DrawList->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_FrameBg), rounding); // Color button are often in need of some sort of border
+    }
+
+    // Drag and Drop Source
+    // NB: The ActiveId test is merely an optional micro-optimization, BeginDragDropSource() does the same test.
+    if (g.ActiveId == id && !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoDragDrop) && BeginDragDropSource())
+    {
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha)
+            SetDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_3F, &col_rgb, sizeof(float) * 3, ImGuiCond_Once);
+        else
+            SetDragDropPayload(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_COLOR_4F, &col_rgb, sizeof(float) * 4, ImGuiCond_Once);
+        ColorButton(desc_id, col, flags);
+        SameLine();
+        TextEx("Color");
+        EndDragDropSource();
+    }
+
+    // Tooltip
+    if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip) && hovered)
+        ColorTooltip(desc_id, &col.x, flags & (ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf));
+
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+// Initialize/override default color options
+void ImGui::SetColorEditOptions(ImGuiColorEditFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_ & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_ & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_ & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_;
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_DefaultOptions_ & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_;
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_));    // Check only 1 option is selected
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_));   // Check only 1 option is selected
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_));     // Check only 1 option is selected
+    IM_ASSERT(ImIsPowerOfTwo(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_));      // Check only 1 option is selected
+    g.ColorEditOptions = flags;
+}
+
+// Note: only access 3 floats if ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha flag is set.
+void ImGui::ColorTooltip(const char* text, const float* col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    if (!BeginTooltipEx(ImGuiTooltipFlags_OverridePreviousTooltip, ImGuiWindowFlags_None))
+        return;
+    const char* text_end = text ? FindRenderedTextEnd(text, NULL) : text;
+    if (text_end > text)
+    {
+        TextEx(text, text_end);
+        Separator();
+    }
+
+    ImVec2 sz(g.FontSize * 3 + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2, g.FontSize * 3 + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2);
+    ImVec4 cf(col[0], col[1], col[2], (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 1.0f : col[3]);
+    int cr = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[0]), cg = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[1]), cb = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[2]), ca = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 255 : IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[3]);
+    ColorButton("##preview", cf, (flags & (ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_ | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreview | ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaPreviewHalf)) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip, sz);
+    SameLine();
+    if ((flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputRGB) || !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputMask_))
+    {
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha)
+            Text("#%02X%02X%02X\nR: %d, G: %d, B: %d\n(%.3f, %.3f, %.3f)", cr, cg, cb, cr, cg, cb, col[0], col[1], col[2]);
+        else
+            Text("#%02X%02X%02X%02X\nR:%d, G:%d, B:%d, A:%d\n(%.3f, %.3f, %.3f, %.3f)", cr, cg, cb, ca, cr, cg, cb, ca, col[0], col[1], col[2], col[3]);
+    }
+    else if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_InputHSV)
+    {
+        if (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha)
+            Text("H: %.3f, S: %.3f, V: %.3f", col[0], col[1], col[2]);
+        else
+            Text("H: %.3f, S: %.3f, V: %.3f, A: %.3f", col[0], col[1], col[2], col[3]);
+    }
+    EndTooltip();
+}
+
+void ImGui::ColorEditOptionsPopup(const float* col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags)
+{
+    bool allow_opt_inputs = !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_);
+    bool allow_opt_datatype = !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_);
+    if ((!allow_opt_inputs && !allow_opt_datatype) || !BeginPopup("context"))
+        return;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiColorEditFlags opts = g.ColorEditOptions;
+    if (allow_opt_inputs)
+    {
+        if (RadioButton("RGB", (opts & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB) != 0)) opts = (opts & ~ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayRGB;
+        if (RadioButton("HSV", (opts & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV) != 0)) opts = (opts & ~ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHSV;
+        if (RadioButton("Hex", (opts & ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex) != 0)) opts = (opts & ~ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayMask_) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex;
+    }
+    if (allow_opt_datatype)
+    {
+        if (allow_opt_inputs) Separator();
+        if (RadioButton("0..255",     (opts & ImGuiColorEditFlags_Uint8) != 0)) opts = (opts & ~ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_Uint8;
+        if (RadioButton("0.00..1.00", (opts & ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float) != 0)) opts = (opts & ~ImGuiColorEditFlags_DataTypeMask_) | ImGuiColorEditFlags_Float;
+    }
+
+    if (allow_opt_inputs || allow_opt_datatype)
+        Separator();
+    if (Button("Copy as..", ImVec2(-1, 0)))
+        OpenPopup("Copy");
+    if (BeginPopup("Copy"))
+    {
+        int cr = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[0]), cg = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[1]), cb = IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[2]), ca = (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 255 : IM_F32_TO_INT8_SAT(col[3]);
+        char buf[64];
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "(%.3ff, %.3ff, %.3ff, %.3ff)", col[0], col[1], col[2], (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 1.0f : col[3]);
+        if (Selectable(buf))
+            SetClipboardText(buf);
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "(%d,%d,%d,%d)", cr, cg, cb, ca);
+        if (Selectable(buf))
+            SetClipboardText(buf);
+        ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X", cr, cg, cb);
+        if (Selectable(buf))
+            SetClipboardText(buf);
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha))
+        {
+            ImFormatString(buf, IM_ARRAYSIZE(buf), "#%02X%02X%02X%02X", cr, cg, cb, ca);
+            if (Selectable(buf))
+                SetClipboardText(buf);
+        }
+        EndPopup();
+    }
+
+    g.ColorEditOptions = opts;
+    EndPopup();
+}
+
+void ImGui::ColorPickerOptionsPopup(const float* ref_col, ImGuiColorEditFlags flags)
+{
+    bool allow_opt_picker = !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_);
+    bool allow_opt_alpha_bar = !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) && !(flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar);
+    if ((!allow_opt_picker && !allow_opt_alpha_bar) || !BeginPopup("context"))
+        return;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (allow_opt_picker)
+    {
+        ImVec2 picker_size(g.FontSize * 8, ImMax(g.FontSize * 8 - (GetFrameHeight() + g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x), 1.0f)); // FIXME: Picker size copied from main picker function
+        PushItemWidth(picker_size.x);
+        for (int picker_type = 0; picker_type < 2; picker_type++)
+        {
+            // Draw small/thumbnail version of each picker type (over an invisible button for selection)
+            if (picker_type > 0) Separator();
+            PushID(picker_type);
+            ImGuiColorEditFlags picker_flags = ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoInputs | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoOptions | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoLabel | ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoSidePreview | (flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha);
+            if (picker_type == 0) picker_flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueBar;
+            if (picker_type == 1) picker_flags |= ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerHueWheel;
+            ImVec2 backup_pos = GetCursorScreenPos();
+            if (Selectable("##selectable", false, 0, picker_size)) // By default, Selectable() is closing popup
+                g.ColorEditOptions = (g.ColorEditOptions & ~ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_) | (picker_flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_PickerMask_);
+            SetCursorScreenPos(backup_pos);
+            ImVec4 previewing_ref_col;
+            memcpy(&previewing_ref_col, ref_col, sizeof(float) * ((picker_flags & ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoAlpha) ? 3 : 4));
+            ColorPicker4("##previewing_picker", &previewing_ref_col.x, picker_flags);
+            PopID();
+        }
+        PopItemWidth();
+    }
+    if (allow_opt_alpha_bar)
+    {
+        if (allow_opt_picker) Separator();
+        CheckboxFlags("Alpha Bar", &g.ColorEditOptions, ImGuiColorEditFlags_AlphaBar);
+    }
+    EndPopup();
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: TreeNode, CollapsingHeader, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - TreeNode()
+// - TreeNodeV()
+// - TreeNodeEx()
+// - TreeNodeExV()
+// - TreeNodeBehavior() [Internal]
+// - TreePush()
+// - TreePop()
+// - GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing()
+// - SetNextItemOpen()
+// - CollapsingHeader()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNode(const char* str_id, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    bool is_open = TreeNodeExV(str_id, 0, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNode(const void* ptr_id, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    bool is_open = TreeNodeExV(ptr_id, 0, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNode(const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+    return TreeNodeBehavior(window->GetID(label), 0, label, NULL);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeV(const char* str_id, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    return TreeNodeExV(str_id, 0, fmt, args);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeV(const void* ptr_id, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    return TreeNodeExV(ptr_id, 0, fmt, args);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeEx(const char* label, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    return TreeNodeBehavior(window->GetID(label), flags, label, NULL);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeEx(const char* str_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    bool is_open = TreeNodeExV(str_id, flags, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeEx(const void* ptr_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    bool is_open = TreeNodeExV(ptr_id, flags, fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeExV(const char* str_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const char* label, *label_end;
+    ImFormatStringToTempBufferV(&label, &label_end, fmt, args);
+    return TreeNodeBehavior(window->GetID(str_id), flags, label, label_end);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeExV(const void* ptr_id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* fmt, va_list args)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const char* label, *label_end;
+    ImFormatStringToTempBufferV(&label, &label_end, fmt, args);
+    return TreeNodeBehavior(window->GetID(ptr_id), flags, label, label_end);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TreeNodeSetOpen(ImGuiID id, bool open)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStorage* storage = g.CurrentWindow->DC.StateStorage;
+    storage->SetInt(id, open ? 1 : 0);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeUpdateNextOpen(ImGuiID id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags)
+{
+    if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf)
+        return true;
+
+    // We only write to the tree storage if the user clicks (or explicitly use the SetNextItemOpen function)
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    ImGuiStorage* storage = window->DC.StateStorage;
+
+    bool is_open;
+    if (g.NextItemData.Flags & ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasOpen)
+    {
+        if (g.NextItemData.OpenCond & ImGuiCond_Always)
+        {
+            is_open = g.NextItemData.OpenVal;
+            TreeNodeSetOpen(id, is_open);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            // We treat ImGuiCond_Once and ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver the same because tree node state are not saved persistently.
+            const int stored_value = storage->GetInt(id, -1);
+            if (stored_value == -1)
+            {
+                is_open = g.NextItemData.OpenVal;
+                TreeNodeSetOpen(id, is_open);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                is_open = stored_value != 0;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        is_open = storage->GetInt(id, (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen) ? 1 : 0) != 0;
+    }
+
+    // When logging is enabled, we automatically expand tree nodes (but *NOT* collapsing headers.. seems like sensible behavior).
+    // NB- If we are above max depth we still allow manually opened nodes to be logged.
+    if (g.LogEnabled && !(flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoAutoOpenOnLog) && (window->DC.TreeDepth - g.LogDepthRef) < g.LogDepthToExpand)
+        is_open = true;
+
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TreeNodeBehavior(ImGuiID id, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags, const char* label, const char* label_end)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const bool display_frame = (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Framed) != 0;
+    const ImVec2 padding = (display_frame || (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_FramePadding)) ? style.FramePadding : ImVec2(style.FramePadding.x, ImMin(window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset, style.FramePadding.y));
+
+    if (!label_end)
+        label_end = FindRenderedTextEnd(label);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, label_end, false);
+
+    // We vertically grow up to current line height up the typical widget height.
+    const float frame_height = ImMax(ImMin(window->DC.CurrLineSize.y, g.FontSize + style.FramePadding.y * 2), label_size.y + padding.y * 2);
+    ImRect frame_bb;
+    frame_bb.Min.x = (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth) ? window->WorkRect.Min.x : window->DC.CursorPos.x;
+    frame_bb.Min.y = window->DC.CursorPos.y;
+    frame_bb.Max.x = window->WorkRect.Max.x;
+    frame_bb.Max.y = window->DC.CursorPos.y + frame_height;
+    if (display_frame)
+    {
+        // Framed header expand a little outside the default padding, to the edge of InnerClipRect
+        // (FIXME: May remove this at some point and make InnerClipRect align with WindowPadding.x instead of WindowPadding.x*0.5f)
+        frame_bb.Min.x -= IM_FLOOR(window->WindowPadding.x * 0.5f - 1.0f);
+        frame_bb.Max.x += IM_FLOOR(window->WindowPadding.x * 0.5f);
+    }
+
+    const float text_offset_x = g.FontSize + (display_frame ? padding.x * 3 : padding.x * 2);           // Collapser arrow width + Spacing
+    const float text_offset_y = ImMax(padding.y, window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset);                    // Latch before ItemSize changes it
+    const float text_width = g.FontSize + (label_size.x > 0.0f ? label_size.x + padding.x * 2 : 0.0f);  // Include collapser
+    ImVec2 text_pos(window->DC.CursorPos.x + text_offset_x, window->DC.CursorPos.y + text_offset_y);
+    ItemSize(ImVec2(text_width, frame_height), padding.y);
+
+    // For regular tree nodes, we arbitrary allow to click past 2 worth of ItemSpacing
+    ImRect interact_bb = frame_bb;
+    if (!display_frame && (flags & (ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanAvailWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth)) == 0)
+        interact_bb.Max.x = frame_bb.Min.x + text_width + style.ItemSpacing.x * 2.0f;
+
+    // Store a flag for the current depth to tell if we will allow closing this node when navigating one of its child.
+    // For this purpose we essentially compare if g.NavIdIsAlive went from 0 to 1 between TreeNode() and TreePop().
+    // This is currently only support 32 level deep and we are fine with (1 << Depth) overflowing into a zero.
+    const bool is_leaf = (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf) != 0;
+    bool is_open = TreeNodeUpdateNextOpen(id, flags);
+    if (is_open && !g.NavIdIsAlive && (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NavLeftJumpsBackHere) && !(flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen))
+        window->DC.TreeJumpToParentOnPopMask |= (1 << window->DC.TreeDepth);
+
+    bool item_add = ItemAdd(interact_bb, id);
+    g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HasDisplayRect;
+    g.LastItemData.DisplayRect = frame_bb;
+
+    if (!item_add)
+    {
+        if (is_open && !(flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen))
+            TreePushOverrideID(id);
+        IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(g.LastItemData.ID, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | (is_leaf ? 0 : ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Openable) | (is_open ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Opened : 0));
+        return is_open;
+    }
+
+    ImGuiButtonFlags button_flags = ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_None;
+    if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap)
+        button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap;
+    if (!is_leaf)
+        button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDragDropHold;
+
+    // We allow clicking on the arrow section with keyboard modifiers held, in order to easily
+    // allow browsing a tree while preserving selection with code implementing multi-selection patterns.
+    // When clicking on the rest of the tree node we always disallow keyboard modifiers.
+    const float arrow_hit_x1 = (text_pos.x - text_offset_x) - style.TouchExtraPadding.x;
+    const float arrow_hit_x2 = (text_pos.x - text_offset_x) + (g.FontSize + padding.x * 2.0f) + style.TouchExtraPadding.x;
+    const bool is_mouse_x_over_arrow = (g.IO.MousePos.x >= arrow_hit_x1 && g.IO.MousePos.x < arrow_hit_x2);
+    if (window != g.HoveredWindow || !is_mouse_x_over_arrow)
+        button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_NoKeyModifiers;
+
+    // Open behaviors can be altered with the _OpenOnArrow and _OnOnDoubleClick flags.
+    // Some alteration have subtle effects (e.g. toggle on MouseUp vs MouseDown events) due to requirements for multi-selection and drag and drop support.
+    // - Single-click on label = Toggle on MouseUp (default, when _OpenOnArrow=0)
+    // - Single-click on arrow = Toggle on MouseDown (when _OpenOnArrow=0)
+    // - Single-click on arrow = Toggle on MouseDown (when _OpenOnArrow=1)
+    // - Double-click on label = Toggle on MouseDoubleClick (when _OpenOnDoubleClick=1)
+    // - Double-click on arrow = Toggle on MouseDoubleClick (when _OpenOnDoubleClick=1 and _OpenOnArrow=0)
+    // It is rather standard that arrow click react on Down rather than Up.
+    // We set ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease on OpenOnDoubleClick because we want the item to be active on the initial MouseDown in order for drag and drop to work.
+    if (is_mouse_x_over_arrow)
+        button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick;
+    else if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick)
+        button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick;
+    else
+        button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease;
+
+    bool selected = (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Selected) != 0;
+    const bool was_selected = selected;
+
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(interact_bb, id, &hovered, &held, button_flags);
+    bool toggled = false;
+    if (!is_leaf)
+    {
+        if (pressed && g.DragDropHoldJustPressedId != id)
+        {
+            if ((flags & (ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnArrow | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick)) == 0 || (g.NavActivateId == id))
+                toggled = true;
+            if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnArrow)
+                toggled |= is_mouse_x_over_arrow && !g.NavDisableMouseHover; // Lightweight equivalent of IsMouseHoveringRect() since ButtonBehavior() already did the job
+            if ((flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_OpenOnDoubleClick) && g.IO.MouseClickedCount[0] == 2)
+                toggled = true;
+        }
+        else if (pressed && g.DragDropHoldJustPressedId == id)
+        {
+            IM_ASSERT(button_flags & ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDragDropHold);
+            if (!is_open) // When using Drag and Drop "hold to open" we keep the node highlighted after opening, but never close it again.
+                toggled = true;
+        }
+
+        if (g.NavId == id && g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Left && is_open)
+        {
+            toggled = true;
+            NavMoveRequestCancel();
+        }
+        if (g.NavId == id && g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Right && !is_open) // If there's something upcoming on the line we may want to give it the priority?
+        {
+            toggled = true;
+            NavMoveRequestCancel();
+        }
+
+        if (toggled)
+        {
+            is_open = !is_open;
+            window->DC.StateStorage->SetInt(id, is_open);
+            g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_ToggledOpen;
+        }
+    }
+    if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap)
+        SetItemAllowOverlap();
+
+    // In this branch, TreeNodeBehavior() cannot toggle the selection so this will never trigger.
+    if (selected != was_selected) //-V547
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_ToggledSelection;
+
+    // Render
+    const ImU32 text_col = GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text);
+    ImGuiNavHighlightFlags nav_highlight_flags = ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeThin;
+    if (display_frame)
+    {
+        // Framed type
+        const ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_HeaderActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered : ImGuiCol_Header);
+        RenderFrame(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, bg_col, true, style.FrameRounding);
+        RenderNavHighlight(frame_bb, id, nav_highlight_flags);
+        if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Bullet)
+            RenderBullet(window->DrawList, ImVec2(text_pos.x - text_offset_x * 0.60f, text_pos.y + g.FontSize * 0.5f), text_col);
+        else if (!is_leaf)
+            RenderArrow(window->DrawList, ImVec2(text_pos.x - text_offset_x + padding.x, text_pos.y), text_col, is_open ? ImGuiDir_Down : ImGuiDir_Right, 1.0f);
+        else // Leaf without bullet, left-adjusted text
+            text_pos.x -= text_offset_x;
+        if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_ClipLabelForTrailingButton)
+            frame_bb.Max.x -= g.FontSize + style.FramePadding.x;
+
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogSetNextTextDecoration("###", "###");
+        RenderTextClipped(text_pos, frame_bb.Max, label, label_end, &label_size);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Unframed typed for tree nodes
+        if (hovered || selected)
+        {
+            const ImU32 bg_col = GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_HeaderActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered : ImGuiCol_Header);
+            RenderFrame(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, bg_col, false);
+        }
+        RenderNavHighlight(frame_bb, id, nav_highlight_flags);
+        if (flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Bullet)
+            RenderBullet(window->DrawList, ImVec2(text_pos.x - text_offset_x * 0.5f, text_pos.y + g.FontSize * 0.5f), text_col);
+        else if (!is_leaf)
+            RenderArrow(window->DrawList, ImVec2(text_pos.x - text_offset_x + padding.x, text_pos.y + g.FontSize * 0.15f), text_col, is_open ? ImGuiDir_Down : ImGuiDir_Right, 0.70f);
+        if (g.LogEnabled)
+            LogSetNextTextDecoration(">", NULL);
+        RenderText(text_pos, label, label_end, false);
+    }
+
+    if (is_open && !(flags & ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen))
+        TreePushOverrideID(id);
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | (is_leaf ? 0 : ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Openable) | (is_open ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Opened : 0));
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TreePush(const char* str_id)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    Indent();
+    window->DC.TreeDepth++;
+    PushID(str_id);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TreePush(const void* ptr_id)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    Indent();
+    window->DC.TreeDepth++;
+    PushID(ptr_id);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TreePushOverrideID(ImGuiID id)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    Indent();
+    window->DC.TreeDepth++;
+    PushOverrideID(id);
+}
+
+void ImGui::TreePop()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    Unindent();
+
+    window->DC.TreeDepth--;
+    ImU32 tree_depth_mask = (1 << window->DC.TreeDepth);
+
+    // Handle Left arrow to move to parent tree node (when ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NavLeftJumpsBackHere is enabled)
+    if (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Left && g.NavWindow == window && NavMoveRequestButNoResultYet())
+        if (g.NavIdIsAlive && (window->DC.TreeJumpToParentOnPopMask & tree_depth_mask))
+        {
+            SetNavID(window->IDStack.back(), g.NavLayer, 0, ImRect());
+            NavMoveRequestCancel();
+        }
+    window->DC.TreeJumpToParentOnPopMask &= tree_depth_mask - 1;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(window->IDStack.Size > 1); // There should always be 1 element in the IDStack (pushed during window creation). If this triggers you called TreePop/PopID too much.
+    PopID();
+}
+
+// Horizontal distance preceding label when using TreeNode() or Bullet()
+float ImGui::GetTreeNodeToLabelSpacing()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.FontSize + (g.Style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f);
+}
+
+// Set next TreeNode/CollapsingHeader open state.
+void ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(bool is_open, ImGuiCond cond)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.CurrentWindow->SkipItems)
+        return;
+    g.NextItemData.Flags |= ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasOpen;
+    g.NextItemData.OpenVal = is_open;
+    g.NextItemData.OpenCond = cond ? cond : ImGuiCond_Always;
+}
+
+// CollapsingHeader returns true when opened but do not indent nor push into the ID stack (because of the ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen flag).
+// This is basically the same as calling TreeNodeEx(label, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_CollapsingHeader). You can remove the _NoTreePushOnOpen flag if you want behavior closer to normal TreeNode().
+bool ImGui::CollapsingHeader(const char* label, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    return TreeNodeBehavior(window->GetID(label), flags | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_CollapsingHeader, label);
+}
+
+// p_visible == NULL                        : regular collapsing header
+// p_visible != NULL && *p_visible == true  : show a small close button on the corner of the header, clicking the button will set *p_visible = false
+// p_visible != NULL && *p_visible == false : do not show the header at all
+// Do not mistake this with the Open state of the header itself, which you can adjust with SetNextItemOpen() or ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen.
+bool ImGui::CollapsingHeader(const char* label, bool* p_visible, ImGuiTreeNodeFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    if (p_visible && !*p_visible)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    flags |= ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_CollapsingHeader;
+    if (p_visible)
+        flags |= ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_ClipLabelForTrailingButton;
+    bool is_open = TreeNodeBehavior(id, flags, label);
+    if (p_visible != NULL)
+    {
+        // Create a small overlapping close button
+        // FIXME: We can evolve this into user accessible helpers to add extra buttons on title bars, headers, etc.
+        // FIXME: CloseButton can overlap into text, need find a way to clip the text somehow.
+        ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+        ImGuiLastItemData last_item_backup = g.LastItemData;
+        float button_size = g.FontSize;
+        float button_x = ImMax(g.LastItemData.Rect.Min.x, g.LastItemData.Rect.Max.x - g.Style.FramePadding.x * 2.0f - button_size);
+        float button_y = g.LastItemData.Rect.Min.y;
+        ImGuiID close_button_id = GetIDWithSeed("#CLOSE", NULL, id);
+        if (CloseButton(close_button_id, ImVec2(button_x, button_y)))
+            *p_visible = false;
+        g.LastItemData = last_item_backup;
+    }
+
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Selectable
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - Selectable()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Tip: pass a non-visible label (e.g. "##hello") then you can use the space to draw other text or image.
+// But you need to make sure the ID is unique, e.g. enclose calls in PushID/PopID or use ##unique_id.
+// With this scheme, ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns and ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowItemOverlap are also frequently used flags.
+// FIXME: Selectable() with (size.x == 0.0f) and (SelectableTextAlign.x > 0.0f) followed by SameLine() is currently not supported.
+bool ImGui::Selectable(const char* label, bool selected, ImGuiSelectableFlags flags, const ImVec2& size_arg)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+
+    // Submit label or explicit size to ItemSize(), whereas ItemAdd() will submit a larger/spanning rectangle.
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    ImVec2 size(size_arg.x != 0.0f ? size_arg.x : label_size.x, size_arg.y != 0.0f ? size_arg.y : label_size.y);
+    ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    pos.y += window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset;
+    ItemSize(size, 0.0f);
+
+    // Fill horizontal space
+    // We don't support (size < 0.0f) in Selectable() because the ItemSpacing extension would make explicitly right-aligned sizes not visibly match other widgets.
+    const bool span_all_columns = (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns) != 0;
+    const float min_x = span_all_columns ? window->ParentWorkRect.Min.x : pos.x;
+    const float max_x = span_all_columns ? window->ParentWorkRect.Max.x : window->WorkRect.Max.x;
+    if (size_arg.x == 0.0f || (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAvailWidth))
+        size.x = ImMax(label_size.x, max_x - min_x);
+
+    // Text stays at the submission position, but bounding box may be extended on both sides
+    const ImVec2 text_min = pos;
+    const ImVec2 text_max(min_x + size.x, pos.y + size.y);
+
+    // Selectables are meant to be tightly packed together with no click-gap, so we extend their box to cover spacing between selectable.
+    ImRect bb(min_x, pos.y, text_max.x, text_max.y);
+    if ((flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoPadWithHalfSpacing) == 0)
+    {
+        const float spacing_x = span_all_columns ? 0.0f : style.ItemSpacing.x;
+        const float spacing_y = style.ItemSpacing.y;
+        const float spacing_L = IM_FLOOR(spacing_x * 0.50f);
+        const float spacing_U = IM_FLOOR(spacing_y * 0.50f);
+        bb.Min.x -= spacing_L;
+        bb.Min.y -= spacing_U;
+        bb.Max.x += (spacing_x - spacing_L);
+        bb.Max.y += (spacing_y - spacing_U);
+    }
+    //if (g.IO.KeyCtrl) { GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(bb.Min, bb.Max, IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255)); }
+
+    // Modify ClipRect for the ItemAdd(), faster than doing a PushColumnsBackground/PushTableBackground for every Selectable..
+    const float backup_clip_rect_min_x = window->ClipRect.Min.x;
+    const float backup_clip_rect_max_x = window->ClipRect.Max.x;
+    if (span_all_columns)
+    {
+        window->ClipRect.Min.x = window->ParentWorkRect.Min.x;
+        window->ClipRect.Max.x = window->ParentWorkRect.Max.x;
+    }
+
+    const bool disabled_item = (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_Disabled) != 0;
+    const bool item_add = ItemAdd(bb, id, NULL, disabled_item ? ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled : ImGuiItemFlags_None);
+    if (span_all_columns)
+    {
+        window->ClipRect.Min.x = backup_clip_rect_min_x;
+        window->ClipRect.Max.x = backup_clip_rect_max_x;
+    }
+
+    if (!item_add)
+        return false;
+
+    const bool disabled_global = (g.CurrentItemFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled) != 0;
+    if (disabled_item && !disabled_global) // Only testing this as an optimization
+        BeginDisabled();
+
+    // FIXME: We can standardize the behavior of those two, we could also keep the fast path of override ClipRect + full push on render only,
+    // which would be advantageous since most selectable are not selected.
+    if (span_all_columns && window->DC.CurrentColumns)
+        PushColumnsBackground();
+    else if (span_all_columns && g.CurrentTable)
+        TablePushBackgroundChannel();
+
+    // We use NoHoldingActiveID on menus so user can click and _hold_ on a menu then drag to browse child entries
+    ImGuiButtonFlags button_flags = 0;
+    if (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoHoldingActiveID) { button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_NoHoldingActiveId; }
+    if (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoSetKeyOwner)     { button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_NoSetKeyOwner; }
+    if (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnClick)     { button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick; }
+    if (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnRelease)   { button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnRelease; }
+    if (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowDoubleClick)  { button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease | ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDoubleClick; }
+    if (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowItemOverlap)  { button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap; }
+
+    const bool was_selected = selected;
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, button_flags);
+
+    // Auto-select when moved into
+    // - This will be more fully fleshed in the range-select branch
+    // - This is not exposed as it won't nicely work with some user side handling of shift/control
+    // - We cannot do 'if (g.NavJustMovedToId != id) { selected = false; pressed = was_selected; }' for two reasons
+    //   - (1) it would require focus scope to be set, need exposing PushFocusScope() or equivalent (e.g. BeginSelection() calling PushFocusScope())
+    //   - (2) usage will fail with clipped items
+    //   The multi-select API aim to fix those issues, e.g. may be replaced with a BeginSelection() API.
+    if ((flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnNav) && g.NavJustMovedToId != 0 && g.NavJustMovedToFocusScopeId == g.CurrentFocusScopeId)
+        if (g.NavJustMovedToId == id)
+            selected = pressed = true;
+
+    // Update NavId when clicking or when Hovering (this doesn't happen on most widgets), so navigation can be resumed with gamepad/keyboard
+    if (pressed || (hovered && (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_SetNavIdOnHover)))
+    {
+        if (!g.NavDisableMouseHover && g.NavWindow == window && g.NavLayer == window->DC.NavLayerCurrent)
+        {
+            SetNavID(id, window->DC.NavLayerCurrent, g.CurrentFocusScopeId, WindowRectAbsToRel(window, bb)); // (bb == NavRect)
+            g.NavDisableHighlight = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (pressed)
+        MarkItemEdited(id);
+
+    if (flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowItemOverlap)
+        SetItemAllowOverlap();
+
+    // In this branch, Selectable() cannot toggle the selection so this will never trigger.
+    if (selected != was_selected) //-V547
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_ToggledSelection;
+
+    // Render
+    if (hovered || selected)
+    {
+        const ImU32 col = GetColorU32((held && hovered) ? ImGuiCol_HeaderActive : hovered ? ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered : ImGuiCol_Header);
+        RenderFrame(bb.Min, bb.Max, col, false, 0.0f);
+    }
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id, ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_TypeThin | ImGuiNavHighlightFlags_NoRounding);
+
+    if (span_all_columns && window->DC.CurrentColumns)
+        PopColumnsBackground();
+    else if (span_all_columns && g.CurrentTable)
+        TablePopBackgroundChannel();
+
+    RenderTextClipped(text_min, text_max, label, NULL, &label_size, style.SelectableTextAlign, &bb);
+
+    // Automatically close popups
+    if (pressed && (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup) && !(flags & ImGuiSelectableFlags_DontClosePopups) && !(g.LastItemData.InFlags & ImGuiItemFlags_SelectableDontClosePopup))
+        CloseCurrentPopup();
+
+    if (disabled_item && !disabled_global)
+        EndDisabled();
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags);
+    return pressed; //-V1020
+}
+
+bool ImGui::Selectable(const char* label, bool* p_selected, ImGuiSelectableFlags flags, const ImVec2& size_arg)
+{
+    if (Selectable(label, *p_selected, flags, size_arg))
+    {
+        *p_selected = !*p_selected;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: ListBox
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - BeginListBox()
+// - EndListBox()
+// - ListBox()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Tip: To have a list filling the entire window width, use size.x = -FLT_MIN and pass an non-visible label e.g. "##empty"
+// Tip: If your vertical size is calculated from an item count (e.g. 10 * item_height) consider adding a fractional part to facilitate seeing scrolling boundaries (e.g. 10.25 * item_height).
+bool ImGui::BeginListBox(const char* label, const ImVec2& size_arg)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = GetID(label);
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    // Size default to hold ~7.25 items.
+    // Fractional number of items helps seeing that we can scroll down/up without looking at scrollbar.
+    ImVec2 size = ImFloor(CalcItemSize(size_arg, CalcItemWidth(), GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * 7.25f + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+    ImVec2 frame_size = ImVec2(size.x, ImMax(size.y, label_size.y));
+    ImRect frame_bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + frame_size);
+    ImRect bb(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max + ImVec2(label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f, 0.0f));
+    g.NextItemData.ClearFlags();
+
+    if (!IsRectVisible(bb.Min, bb.Max))
+    {
+        ItemSize(bb.GetSize(), style.FramePadding.y);
+        ItemAdd(bb, 0, &frame_bb);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // FIXME-OPT: We could omit the BeginGroup() if label_size.x but would need to omit the EndGroup() as well.
+    BeginGroup();
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+    {
+        ImVec2 label_pos = ImVec2(frame_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, frame_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y);
+        RenderText(label_pos, label);
+        window->DC.CursorMaxPos = ImMax(window->DC.CursorMaxPos, label_pos + label_size);
+    }
+
+    BeginChildFrame(id, frame_bb.GetSize());
+    return true;
+}
+
+#ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE_OBSOLETE_FUNCTIONS
+// OBSOLETED in 1.81 (from February 2021)
+bool ImGui::ListBoxHeader(const char* label, int items_count, int height_in_items)
+{
+    // If height_in_items == -1, default height is maximum 7.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    float height_in_items_f = (height_in_items < 0 ? ImMin(items_count, 7) : height_in_items) + 0.25f;
+    ImVec2 size;
+    size.x = 0.0f;
+    size.y = GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * height_in_items_f + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f;
+    return BeginListBox(label, size);
+}
+#endif
+
+void ImGui::EndListBox()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT((window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow) && "Mismatched BeginListBox/EndListBox calls. Did you test the return value of BeginListBox?");
+    IM_UNUSED(window);
+
+    EndChildFrame();
+    EndGroup(); // This is only required to be able to do IsItemXXX query on the whole ListBox including label
+}
+
+bool ImGui::ListBox(const char* label, int* current_item, const char* const items[], int items_count, int height_items)
+{
+    const bool value_changed = ListBox(label, current_item, Items_ArrayGetter, (void*)items, items_count, height_items);
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+// This is merely a helper around BeginListBox(), EndListBox().
+// Considering using those directly to submit custom data or store selection differently.
+bool ImGui::ListBox(const char* label, int* current_item, bool (*items_getter)(void*, int, const char**), void* data, int items_count, int height_in_items)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Calculate size from "height_in_items"
+    if (height_in_items < 0)
+        height_in_items = ImMin(items_count, 7);
+    float height_in_items_f = height_in_items + 0.25f;
+    ImVec2 size(0.0f, ImFloor(GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing() * height_in_items_f + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f));
+
+    if (!BeginListBox(label, size))
+        return false;
+
+    // Assume all items have even height (= 1 line of text). If you need items of different height,
+    // you can create a custom version of ListBox() in your code without using the clipper.
+    bool value_changed = false;
+    ImGuiListClipper clipper;
+    clipper.Begin(items_count, GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing()); // We know exactly our line height here so we pass it as a minor optimization, but generally you don't need to.
+    while (clipper.Step())
+        for (int i = clipper.DisplayStart; i < clipper.DisplayEnd; i++)
+        {
+            const char* item_text;
+            if (!items_getter(data, i, &item_text))
+                item_text = "*Unknown item*";
+
+            PushID(i);
+            const bool item_selected = (i == *current_item);
+            if (Selectable(item_text, item_selected))
+            {
+                *current_item = i;
+                value_changed = true;
+            }
+            if (item_selected)
+                SetItemDefaultFocus();
+            PopID();
+        }
+    EndListBox();
+
+    if (value_changed)
+        MarkItemEdited(g.LastItemData.ID);
+
+    return value_changed;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: PlotLines, PlotHistogram
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - PlotEx() [Internal]
+// - PlotLines()
+// - PlotHistogram()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Plot/Graph widgets are not very good.
+// Consider writing your own, or using a third-party one, see:
+// - ImPlot https://github.com/epezent/implot
+// - others https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/wiki/Useful-Extensions
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+int ImGui::PlotEx(ImGuiPlotType plot_type, const char* label, float (*values_getter)(void* data, int idx), void* data, int values_count, int values_offset, const char* overlay_text, float scale_min, float scale_max, const ImVec2& size_arg)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return -1;
+
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+
+    const ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    const ImVec2 frame_size = CalcItemSize(size_arg, CalcItemWidth(), label_size.y + style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f);
+
+    const ImRect frame_bb(window->DC.CursorPos, window->DC.CursorPos + frame_size);
+    const ImRect inner_bb(frame_bb.Min + style.FramePadding, frame_bb.Max - style.FramePadding);
+    const ImRect total_bb(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max + ImVec2(label_size.x > 0.0f ? style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + label_size.x : 0.0f, 0));
+    ItemSize(total_bb, style.FramePadding.y);
+    if (!ItemAdd(total_bb, 0, &frame_bb))
+        return -1;
+    const bool hovered = ItemHoverable(frame_bb, id);
+
+    // Determine scale from values if not specified
+    if (scale_min == FLT_MAX || scale_max == FLT_MAX)
+    {
+        float v_min = FLT_MAX;
+        float v_max = -FLT_MAX;
+        for (int i = 0; i < values_count; i++)
+        {
+            const float v = values_getter(data, i);
+            if (v != v) // Ignore NaN values
+                continue;
+            v_min = ImMin(v_min, v);
+            v_max = ImMax(v_max, v);
+        }
+        if (scale_min == FLT_MAX)
+            scale_min = v_min;
+        if (scale_max == FLT_MAX)
+            scale_max = v_max;
+    }
+
+    RenderFrame(frame_bb.Min, frame_bb.Max, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_FrameBg), true, style.FrameRounding);
+
+    const int values_count_min = (plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines) ? 2 : 1;
+    int idx_hovered = -1;
+    if (values_count >= values_count_min)
+    {
+        int res_w = ImMin((int)frame_size.x, values_count) + ((plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines) ? -1 : 0);
+        int item_count = values_count + ((plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines) ? -1 : 0);
+
+        // Tooltip on hover
+        if (hovered && inner_bb.Contains(g.IO.MousePos))
+        {
+            const float t = ImClamp((g.IO.MousePos.x - inner_bb.Min.x) / (inner_bb.Max.x - inner_bb.Min.x), 0.0f, 0.9999f);
+            const int v_idx = (int)(t * item_count);
+            IM_ASSERT(v_idx >= 0 && v_idx < values_count);
+
+            const float v0 = values_getter(data, (v_idx + values_offset) % values_count);
+            const float v1 = values_getter(data, (v_idx + 1 + values_offset) % values_count);
+            if (plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines)
+                SetTooltip("%d: %8.4g\n%d: %8.4g", v_idx, v0, v_idx + 1, v1);
+            else if (plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Histogram)
+                SetTooltip("%d: %8.4g", v_idx, v0);
+            idx_hovered = v_idx;
+        }
+
+        const float t_step = 1.0f / (float)res_w;
+        const float inv_scale = (scale_min == scale_max) ? 0.0f : (1.0f / (scale_max - scale_min));
+
+        float v0 = values_getter(data, (0 + values_offset) % values_count);
+        float t0 = 0.0f;
+        ImVec2 tp0 = ImVec2( t0, 1.0f - ImSaturate((v0 - scale_min) * inv_scale) );                       // Point in the normalized space of our target rectangle
+        float histogram_zero_line_t = (scale_min * scale_max < 0.0f) ? (1 + scale_min * inv_scale) : (scale_min < 0.0f ? 0.0f : 1.0f);   // Where does the zero line stands
+
+        const ImU32 col_base = GetColorU32((plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines) ? ImGuiCol_PlotLines : ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram);
+        const ImU32 col_hovered = GetColorU32((plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines) ? ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered : ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered);
+
+        for (int n = 0; n < res_w; n++)
+        {
+            const float t1 = t0 + t_step;
+            const int v1_idx = (int)(t0 * item_count + 0.5f);
+            IM_ASSERT(v1_idx >= 0 && v1_idx < values_count);
+            const float v1 = values_getter(data, (v1_idx + values_offset + 1) % values_count);
+            const ImVec2 tp1 = ImVec2( t1, 1.0f - ImSaturate((v1 - scale_min) * inv_scale) );
+
+            // NB: Draw calls are merged together by the DrawList system. Still, we should render our batch are lower level to save a bit of CPU.
+            ImVec2 pos0 = ImLerp(inner_bb.Min, inner_bb.Max, tp0);
+            ImVec2 pos1 = ImLerp(inner_bb.Min, inner_bb.Max, (plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines) ? tp1 : ImVec2(tp1.x, histogram_zero_line_t));
+            if (plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Lines)
+            {
+                window->DrawList->AddLine(pos0, pos1, idx_hovered == v1_idx ? col_hovered : col_base);
+            }
+            else if (plot_type == ImGuiPlotType_Histogram)
+            {
+                if (pos1.x >= pos0.x + 2.0f)
+                    pos1.x -= 1.0f;
+                window->DrawList->AddRectFilled(pos0, pos1, idx_hovered == v1_idx ? col_hovered : col_base);
+            }
+
+            t0 = t1;
+            tp0 = tp1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Text overlay
+    if (overlay_text)
+        RenderTextClipped(ImVec2(frame_bb.Min.x, frame_bb.Min.y + style.FramePadding.y), frame_bb.Max, overlay_text, NULL, NULL, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.0f));
+
+    if (label_size.x > 0.0f)
+        RenderText(ImVec2(frame_bb.Max.x + style.ItemInnerSpacing.x, inner_bb.Min.y), label);
+
+    // Return hovered index or -1 if none are hovered.
+    // This is currently not exposed in the public API because we need a larger redesign of the whole thing, but in the short-term we are making it available in PlotEx().
+    return idx_hovered;
+}
+
+struct ImGuiPlotArrayGetterData
+{
+    const float* Values;
+    int Stride;
+
+    ImGuiPlotArrayGetterData(const float* values, int stride) { Values = values; Stride = stride; }
+};
+
+static float Plot_ArrayGetter(void* data, int idx)
+{
+    ImGuiPlotArrayGetterData* plot_data = (ImGuiPlotArrayGetterData*)data;
+    const float v = *(const float*)(const void*)((const unsigned char*)plot_data->Values + (size_t)idx * plot_data->Stride);
+    return v;
+}
+
+void ImGui::PlotLines(const char* label, const float* values, int values_count, int values_offset, const char* overlay_text, float scale_min, float scale_max, ImVec2 graph_size, int stride)
+{
+    ImGuiPlotArrayGetterData data(values, stride);
+    PlotEx(ImGuiPlotType_Lines, label, &Plot_ArrayGetter, (void*)&data, values_count, values_offset, overlay_text, scale_min, scale_max, graph_size);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PlotLines(const char* label, float (*values_getter)(void* data, int idx), void* data, int values_count, int values_offset, const char* overlay_text, float scale_min, float scale_max, ImVec2 graph_size)
+{
+    PlotEx(ImGuiPlotType_Lines, label, values_getter, data, values_count, values_offset, overlay_text, scale_min, scale_max, graph_size);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PlotHistogram(const char* label, const float* values, int values_count, int values_offset, const char* overlay_text, float scale_min, float scale_max, ImVec2 graph_size, int stride)
+{
+    ImGuiPlotArrayGetterData data(values, stride);
+    PlotEx(ImGuiPlotType_Histogram, label, &Plot_ArrayGetter, (void*)&data, values_count, values_offset, overlay_text, scale_min, scale_max, graph_size);
+}
+
+void ImGui::PlotHistogram(const char* label, float (*values_getter)(void* data, int idx), void* data, int values_count, int values_offset, const char* overlay_text, float scale_min, float scale_max, ImVec2 graph_size)
+{
+    PlotEx(ImGuiPlotType_Histogram, label, values_getter, data, values_count, values_offset, overlay_text, scale_min, scale_max, graph_size);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: Value helpers
+// Those is not very useful, legacy API.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - Value()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+void ImGui::Value(const char* prefix, bool b)
+{
+    Text("%s: %s", prefix, (b ? "true" : "false"));
+}
+
+void ImGui::Value(const char* prefix, int v)
+{
+    Text("%s: %d", prefix, v);
+}
+
+void ImGui::Value(const char* prefix, unsigned int v)
+{
+    Text("%s: %d", prefix, v);
+}
+
+void ImGui::Value(const char* prefix, float v, const char* float_format)
+{
+    if (float_format)
+    {
+        char fmt[64];
+        ImFormatString(fmt, IM_ARRAYSIZE(fmt), "%%s: %s", float_format);
+        Text(fmt, prefix, v);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Text("%s: %.3f", prefix, v);
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] MenuItem, BeginMenu, EndMenu, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - ImGuiMenuColumns [Internal]
+// - BeginMenuBar()
+// - EndMenuBar()
+// - BeginMainMenuBar()
+// - EndMainMenuBar()
+// - BeginMenu()
+// - EndMenu()
+// - MenuItemEx() [Internal]
+// - MenuItem()
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Helpers for internal use
+void ImGuiMenuColumns::Update(float spacing, bool window_reappearing)
+{
+    if (window_reappearing)
+        memset(Widths, 0, sizeof(Widths));
+    Spacing = (ImU16)spacing;
+    CalcNextTotalWidth(true);
+    memset(Widths, 0, sizeof(Widths));
+    TotalWidth = NextTotalWidth;
+    NextTotalWidth = 0;
+}
+
+void ImGuiMenuColumns::CalcNextTotalWidth(bool update_offsets)
+{
+    ImU16 offset = 0;
+    bool want_spacing = false;
+    for (int i = 0; i < IM_ARRAYSIZE(Widths); i++)
+    {
+        ImU16 width = Widths[i];
+        if (want_spacing && width > 0)
+            offset += Spacing;
+        want_spacing |= (width > 0);
+        if (update_offsets)
+        {
+            if (i == 1) { OffsetLabel = offset; }
+            if (i == 2) { OffsetShortcut = offset; }
+            if (i == 3) { OffsetMark = offset; }
+        }
+        offset += width;
+    }
+    NextTotalWidth = offset;
+}
+
+float ImGuiMenuColumns::DeclColumns(float w_icon, float w_label, float w_shortcut, float w_mark)
+{
+    Widths[0] = ImMax(Widths[0], (ImU16)w_icon);
+    Widths[1] = ImMax(Widths[1], (ImU16)w_label);
+    Widths[2] = ImMax(Widths[2], (ImU16)w_shortcut);
+    Widths[3] = ImMax(Widths[3], (ImU16)w_mark);
+    CalcNextTotalWidth(false);
+    return (float)ImMax(TotalWidth, NextTotalWidth);
+}
+
+// FIXME: Provided a rectangle perhaps e.g. a BeginMenuBarEx() could be used anywhere..
+// Currently the main responsibility of this function being to setup clip-rect + horizontal layout + menu navigation layer.
+// Ideally we also want this to be responsible for claiming space out of the main window scrolling rectangle, in which case ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar will become unnecessary.
+// Then later the same system could be used for multiple menu-bars, scrollbars, side-bars.
+bool ImGui::BeginMenuBar()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+    if (!(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar))
+        return false;
+
+    IM_ASSERT(!window->DC.MenuBarAppending);
+    BeginGroup(); // Backup position on layer 0 // FIXME: Misleading to use a group for that backup/restore
+    PushID("##menubar");
+
+    // We don't clip with current window clipping rectangle as it is already set to the area below. However we clip with window full rect.
+    // We remove 1 worth of rounding to Max.x to that text in long menus and small windows don't tend to display over the lower-right rounded area, which looks particularly glitchy.
+    ImRect bar_rect = window->MenuBarRect();
+    ImRect clip_rect(IM_ROUND(bar_rect.Min.x + window->WindowBorderSize), IM_ROUND(bar_rect.Min.y + window->WindowBorderSize), IM_ROUND(ImMax(bar_rect.Min.x, bar_rect.Max.x - ImMax(window->WindowRounding, window->WindowBorderSize))), IM_ROUND(bar_rect.Max.y));
+    clip_rect.ClipWith(window->OuterRectClipped);
+    PushClipRect(clip_rect.Min, clip_rect.Max, false);
+
+    // We overwrite CursorMaxPos because BeginGroup sets it to CursorPos (essentially the .EmitItem hack in EndMenuBar() would need something analogous here, maybe a BeginGroupEx() with flags).
+    window->DC.CursorPos = window->DC.CursorMaxPos = ImVec2(bar_rect.Min.x + window->DC.MenuBarOffset.x, bar_rect.Min.y + window->DC.MenuBarOffset.y);
+    window->DC.LayoutType = ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal;
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = false;
+    window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Menu;
+    window->DC.MenuBarAppending = true;
+    AlignTextToFramePadding();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndMenuBar()
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+
+    // Nav: When a move request within one of our child menu failed, capture the request to navigate among our siblings.
+    if (NavMoveRequestButNoResultYet() && (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Left || g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Right) && (g.NavWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))
+    {
+        // Try to find out if the request is for one of our child menu
+        ImGuiWindow* nav_earliest_child = g.NavWindow;
+        while (nav_earliest_child->ParentWindow && (nav_earliest_child->ParentWindow->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))
+            nav_earliest_child = nav_earliest_child->ParentWindow;
+        if (nav_earliest_child->ParentWindow == window && nav_earliest_child->DC.ParentLayoutType == ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal && (g.NavMoveFlags & ImGuiNavMoveFlags_Forwarded) == 0)
+        {
+            // To do so we claim focus back, restore NavId and then process the movement request for yet another frame.
+            // This involve a one-frame delay which isn't very problematic in this situation. We could remove it by scoring in advance for multiple window (probably not worth bothering)
+            const ImGuiNavLayer layer = ImGuiNavLayer_Menu;
+            IM_ASSERT(window->DC.NavLayersActiveMaskNext & (1 << layer)); // Sanity check (FIXME: Seems unnecessary)
+            FocusWindow(window);
+            SetNavID(window->NavLastIds[layer], layer, 0, window->NavRectRel[layer]);
+            g.NavDisableHighlight = true; // Hide highlight for the current frame so we don't see the intermediary selection.
+            g.NavDisableMouseHover = g.NavMousePosDirty = true;
+            NavMoveRequestForward(g.NavMoveDir, g.NavMoveClipDir, g.NavMoveFlags, g.NavMoveScrollFlags); // Repeat
+        }
+    }
+
+    IM_MSVC_WARNING_SUPPRESS(6011); // Static Analysis false positive "warning C6011: Dereferencing NULL pointer 'window'"
+    IM_ASSERT(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar);
+    IM_ASSERT(window->DC.MenuBarAppending);
+    PopClipRect();
+    PopID();
+    window->DC.MenuBarOffset.x = window->DC.CursorPos.x - window->Pos.x; // Save horizontal position so next append can reuse it. This is kinda equivalent to a per-layer CursorPos.
+    g.GroupStack.back().EmitItem = false;
+    EndGroup(); // Restore position on layer 0
+    window->DC.LayoutType = ImGuiLayoutType_Vertical;
+    window->DC.IsSameLine = false;
+    window->DC.NavLayerCurrent = ImGuiNavLayer_Main;
+    window->DC.MenuBarAppending = false;
+}
+
+// Important: calling order matters!
+// FIXME: Somehow overlapping with docking tech.
+// FIXME: The "rect-cut" aspect of this could be formalized into a lower-level helper (rect-cut: https://halt.software/dead-simple-layouts)
+bool ImGui::BeginViewportSideBar(const char* name, ImGuiViewport* viewport_p, ImGuiDir dir, float axis_size, ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(dir != ImGuiDir_None);
+
+    ImGuiWindow* bar_window = FindWindowByName(name);
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = (ImGuiViewportP*)(void*)(viewport_p ? viewport_p : GetMainViewport());
+    if (bar_window == NULL || bar_window->BeginCount == 0)
+    {
+        // Calculate and set window size/position
+        ImRect avail_rect = viewport->GetBuildWorkRect();
+        ImGuiAxis axis = (dir == ImGuiDir_Up || dir == ImGuiDir_Down) ? ImGuiAxis_Y : ImGuiAxis_X;
+        ImVec2 pos = avail_rect.Min;
+        if (dir == ImGuiDir_Right || dir == ImGuiDir_Down)
+            pos[axis] = avail_rect.Max[axis] - axis_size;
+        ImVec2 size = avail_rect.GetSize();
+        size[axis] = axis_size;
+        SetNextWindowPos(pos);
+        SetNextWindowSize(size);
+
+        // Report our size into work area (for next frame) using actual window size
+        if (dir == ImGuiDir_Up || dir == ImGuiDir_Left)
+            viewport->BuildWorkOffsetMin[axis] += axis_size;
+        else if (dir == ImGuiDir_Down || dir == ImGuiDir_Right)
+            viewport->BuildWorkOffsetMax[axis] -= axis_size;
+    }
+
+    window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+    SetNextWindowViewport(viewport->ID); // Enforce viewport so we don't create our own viewport when ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsNoMerge is set.
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding, 0.0f);
+    PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowMinSize, ImVec2(0, 0)); // Lift normal size constraint
+    bool is_open = Begin(name, NULL, window_flags);
+    PopStyleVar(2);
+
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginMainMenuBar()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiViewportP* viewport = (ImGuiViewportP*)(void*)GetMainViewport();
+
+    // Notify of viewport change so GetFrameHeight() can be accurate in case of DPI change
+    SetCurrentViewport(NULL, viewport);
+
+    // For the main menu bar, which cannot be moved, we honor g.Style.DisplaySafeAreaPadding to ensure text can be visible on a TV set.
+    // FIXME: This could be generalized as an opt-in way to clamp window->DC.CursorStartPos to avoid SafeArea?
+    // FIXME: Consider removing support for safe area down the line... it's messy. Nowadays consoles have support for TV calibration in OS settings.
+    g.NextWindowData.MenuBarOffsetMinVal = ImVec2(g.Style.DisplaySafeAreaPadding.x, ImMax(g.Style.DisplaySafeAreaPadding.y - g.Style.FramePadding.y, 0.0f));
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar;
+    float height = GetFrameHeight();
+    bool is_open = BeginViewportSideBar("##MainMenuBar", viewport, ImGuiDir_Up, height, window_flags);
+    g.NextWindowData.MenuBarOffsetMinVal = ImVec2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+
+    if (is_open)
+        BeginMenuBar();
+    else
+        End();
+    return is_open;
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndMainMenuBar()
+{
+    EndMenuBar();
+
+    // When the user has left the menu layer (typically: closed menus through activation of an item), we restore focus to the previous window
+    // FIXME: With this strategy we won't be able to restore a NULL focus.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.CurrentWindow == g.NavWindow && g.NavLayer == ImGuiNavLayer_Main && !g.NavAnyRequest)
+        FocusTopMostWindowUnderOne(g.NavWindow, NULL, NULL);
+
+    End();
+}
+
+static bool IsRootOfOpenMenuSet()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if ((g.OpenPopupStack.Size <= g.BeginPopupStack.Size) || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))
+        return false;
+
+    // Initially we used 'upper_popup->OpenParentId == window->IDStack.back()' to differentiate multiple menu sets from each others
+    // (e.g. inside menu bar vs loose menu items) based on parent ID.
+    // This would however prevent the use of e.g. PuhsID() user code submitting menus.
+    // Previously this worked between popup and a first child menu because the first child menu always had the _ChildWindow flag,
+    // making  hovering on parent popup possible while first child menu was focused - but this was generally a bug with other side effects.
+    // Instead we don't treat Popup specifically (in order to consistently support menu features in them), maybe the first child menu of a Popup
+    // doesn't have the _ChildWindow flag, and we rely on this IsRootOfOpenMenuSet() check to allow hovering between root window/popup and first child menu.
+    // In the end, lack of ID check made it so we could no longer differentiate between separate menu sets. To compensate for that, we at least check parent window nav layer.
+    // This fixes the most common case of menu opening on hover when moving between window content and menu bar. Multiple different menu sets in same nav layer would still
+    // open on hover, but that should be a lesser problem, because if such menus are close in proximity in window content then it won't feel weird and if they are far apart
+    // it likely won't be a problem anyone runs into.
+    const ImGuiPopupData* upper_popup = &g.OpenPopupStack[g.BeginPopupStack.Size];
+    return (window->DC.NavLayerCurrent == upper_popup->ParentNavLayer && upper_popup->Window && (upper_popup->Window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu));
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginMenuEx(const char* label, const char* icon, bool enabled)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = window->GetID(label);
+    bool menu_is_open = IsPopupOpen(id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None);
+
+    // Sub-menus are ChildWindow so that mouse can be hovering across them (otherwise top-most popup menu would steal focus and not allow hovering on parent menu)
+    // The first menu in a hierarchy isn't so hovering doesn't get across (otherwise e.g. resizing borders with ImGuiButtonFlags_FlattenChildren would react), but top-most BeginMenu() will bypass that limitation.
+    ImGuiWindowFlags window_flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoSavedSettings | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus;
+    if (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu)
+        window_flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildWindow;
+
+    // If a menu with same the ID was already submitted, we will append to it, matching the behavior of Begin().
+    // We are relying on a O(N) search - so O(N log N) over the frame - which seems like the most efficient for the expected small amount of BeginMenu() calls per frame.
+    // If somehow this is ever becoming a problem we can switch to use e.g. ImGuiStorage mapping key to last frame used.
+    if (g.MenusIdSubmittedThisFrame.contains(id))
+    {
+        if (menu_is_open)
+            menu_is_open = BeginPopupEx(id, window_flags); // menu_is_open can be 'false' when the popup is completely clipped (e.g. zero size display)
+        else
+            g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags();          // we behave like Begin() and need to consume those values
+        return menu_is_open;
+    }
+
+    // Tag menu as used. Next time BeginMenu() with same ID is called it will append to existing menu
+    g.MenusIdSubmittedThisFrame.push_back(id);
+
+    ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    // Odd hack to allow hovering across menus of a same menu-set (otherwise we wouldn't be able to hover parent without always being a Child window)
+    // This is only done for items for the menu set and not the full parent window.
+    const bool menuset_is_open = IsRootOfOpenMenuSet();
+    if (menuset_is_open)
+        PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_NoWindowHoverableCheck, true);
+
+    // The reference position stored in popup_pos will be used by Begin() to find a suitable position for the child menu,
+    // However the final position is going to be different! It is chosen by FindBestWindowPosForPopup().
+    // e.g. Menus tend to overlap each other horizontally to amplify relative Z-ordering.
+    ImVec2 popup_pos, pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    PushID(label);
+    if (!enabled)
+        BeginDisabled();
+    const ImGuiMenuColumns* offsets = &window->DC.MenuColumns;
+    bool pressed;
+
+    // We use ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoSetKeyOwner to allow down on one menu item, move, up on another.
+    const ImGuiSelectableFlags selectable_flags = ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoHoldingActiveID | ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoSetKeyOwner | ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnClick | ImGuiSelectableFlags_DontClosePopups;
+    if (window->DC.LayoutType == ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal)
+    {
+        // Menu inside an horizontal menu bar
+        // Selectable extend their highlight by half ItemSpacing in each direction.
+        // For ChildMenu, the popup position will be overwritten by the call to FindBestWindowPosForPopup() in Begin()
+        popup_pos = ImVec2(pos.x - 1.0f - IM_FLOOR(style.ItemSpacing.x * 0.5f), pos.y - style.FramePadding.y + window->MenuBarHeight());
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x += IM_FLOOR(style.ItemSpacing.x * 0.5f);
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(style.ItemSpacing.x * 2.0f, style.ItemSpacing.y));
+        float w = label_size.x;
+        ImVec2 text_pos(window->DC.CursorPos.x + offsets->OffsetLabel, window->DC.CursorPos.y + window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset);
+        pressed = Selectable("", menu_is_open, selectable_flags, ImVec2(w, label_size.y));
+        RenderText(text_pos, label);
+        PopStyleVar();
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x += IM_FLOOR(style.ItemSpacing.x * (-1.0f + 0.5f)); // -1 spacing to compensate the spacing added when Selectable() did a SameLine(). It would also work to call SameLine() ourselves after the PopStyleVar().
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Menu inside a regular/vertical menu
+        // (In a typical menu window where all items are BeginMenu() or MenuItem() calls, extra_w will always be 0.0f.
+        //  Only when they are other items sticking out we're going to add spacing, yet only register minimum width into the layout system.
+        popup_pos = ImVec2(pos.x, pos.y - style.WindowPadding.y);
+        float icon_w = (icon && icon[0]) ? CalcTextSize(icon, NULL).x : 0.0f;
+        float checkmark_w = IM_FLOOR(g.FontSize * 1.20f);
+        float min_w = window->DC.MenuColumns.DeclColumns(icon_w, label_size.x, 0.0f, checkmark_w); // Feedback to next frame
+        float extra_w = ImMax(0.0f, GetContentRegionAvail().x - min_w);
+        ImVec2 text_pos(window->DC.CursorPos.x + offsets->OffsetLabel, window->DC.CursorPos.y + window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset);
+        pressed = Selectable("", menu_is_open, selectable_flags | ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAvailWidth, ImVec2(min_w, label_size.y));
+        RenderText(text_pos, label);
+        if (icon_w > 0.0f)
+            RenderText(pos + ImVec2(offsets->OffsetIcon, 0.0f), icon);
+        RenderArrow(window->DrawList, pos + ImVec2(offsets->OffsetMark + extra_w + g.FontSize * 0.30f, 0.0f), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), ImGuiDir_Right);
+    }
+    if (!enabled)
+        EndDisabled();
+
+    const bool hovered = (g.HoveredId == id) && enabled && !g.NavDisableMouseHover;
+    if (menuset_is_open)
+        PopItemFlag();
+
+    bool want_open = false;
+    bool want_close = false;
+    if (window->DC.LayoutType == ImGuiLayoutType_Vertical) // (window->Flags & (ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup|ImGuiWindowFlags_ChildMenu))
+    {
+        // Close menu when not hovering it anymore unless we are moving roughly in the direction of the menu
+        // Implement http://bjk5.com/post/44698559168/breaking-down-amazons-mega-dropdown to avoid using timers, so menus feels more reactive.
+        bool moving_toward_child_menu = false;
+        ImGuiPopupData* child_popup = (g.BeginPopupStack.Size < g.OpenPopupStack.Size) ? &g.OpenPopupStack[g.BeginPopupStack.Size] : NULL; // Popup candidate (testing below)
+        ImGuiWindow* child_menu_window = (child_popup && child_popup->Window && child_popup->Window->ParentWindow == window) ? child_popup->Window : NULL;
+        if (g.HoveredWindow == window && child_menu_window != NULL)
+        {
+            float ref_unit = g.FontSize; // FIXME-DPI
+            float child_dir = (window->Pos.x < child_menu_window->Pos.x) ? 1.0f : -1.0f;
+            ImRect next_window_rect = child_menu_window->Rect();
+            ImVec2 ta = (g.IO.MousePos - g.IO.MouseDelta);
+            ImVec2 tb = (child_dir > 0.0f) ? next_window_rect.GetTL() : next_window_rect.GetTR();
+            ImVec2 tc = (child_dir > 0.0f) ? next_window_rect.GetBL() : next_window_rect.GetBR();
+            float extra = ImClamp(ImFabs(ta.x - tb.x) * 0.30f, ref_unit * 0.5f, ref_unit * 2.5f);   // add a bit of extra slack.
+            ta.x += child_dir * -0.5f;
+            tb.x += child_dir * ref_unit;
+            tc.x += child_dir * ref_unit;
+            tb.y = ta.y + ImMax((tb.y - extra) - ta.y, -ref_unit * 8.0f);                           // triangle has maximum height to limit the slope and the bias toward large sub-menus
+            tc.y = ta.y + ImMin((tc.y + extra) - ta.y, +ref_unit * 8.0f);
+            moving_toward_child_menu = ImTriangleContainsPoint(ta, tb, tc, g.IO.MousePos);
+            //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddTriangleFilled(ta, tb, tc, moving_toward_child_menu ? IM_COL32(0,128,0,128) : IM_COL32(128,0,0,128)); // [DEBUG]
+        }
+
+        // The 'HovereWindow == window' check creates an inconsistency (e.g. moving away from menu slowly tends to hit same window, whereas moving away fast does not)
+        // But we also need to not close the top-menu menu when moving over void. Perhaps we should extend the triangle check to a larger polygon.
+        // (Remember to test this on BeginPopup("A")->BeginMenu("B") sequence which behaves slightly differently as B isn't a Child of A and hovering isn't shared.)
+        if (menu_is_open && !hovered && g.HoveredWindow == window && !moving_toward_child_menu && !g.NavDisableMouseHover)
+            want_close = true;
+
+        // Open
+        if (!menu_is_open && pressed) // Click/activate to open
+            want_open = true;
+        else if (!menu_is_open && hovered && !moving_toward_child_menu) // Hover to open
+            want_open = true;
+        if (g.NavId == id && g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Right) // Nav-Right to open
+        {
+            want_open = true;
+            NavMoveRequestCancel();
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Menu bar
+        if (menu_is_open && pressed && menuset_is_open) // Click an open menu again to close it
+        {
+            want_close = true;
+            want_open = menu_is_open = false;
+        }
+        else if (pressed || (hovered && menuset_is_open && !menu_is_open)) // First click to open, then hover to open others
+        {
+            want_open = true;
+        }
+        else if (g.NavId == id && g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Down) // Nav-Down to open
+        {
+            want_open = true;
+            NavMoveRequestCancel();
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!enabled) // explicitly close if an open menu becomes disabled, facilitate users code a lot in pattern such as 'if (BeginMenu("options", has_object)) { ..use object.. }'
+        want_close = true;
+    if (want_close && IsPopupOpen(id, ImGuiPopupFlags_None))
+        ClosePopupToLevel(g.BeginPopupStack.Size, true);
+
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Openable | (menu_is_open ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Opened : 0));
+    PopID();
+
+    if (want_open && !menu_is_open && g.OpenPopupStack.Size > g.BeginPopupStack.Size)
+    {
+        // Don't reopen/recycle same menu level in the same frame, first close the other menu and yield for a frame.
+        OpenPopup(label);
+    }
+    else if (want_open)
+    {
+        menu_is_open = true;
+        OpenPopup(label);
+    }
+
+    if (menu_is_open)
+    {
+        ImGuiLastItemData last_item_in_parent = g.LastItemData;
+        SetNextWindowPos(popup_pos, ImGuiCond_Always);                  // Note: misleading: the value will serve as reference for FindBestWindowPosForPopup(), not actual pos.
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ChildRounding, style.PopupRounding); // First level will use _PopupRounding, subsequent will use _ChildRounding
+        menu_is_open = BeginPopupEx(id, window_flags);                  // menu_is_open can be 'false' when the popup is completely clipped (e.g. zero size display)
+        PopStyleVar();
+        if (menu_is_open)
+        {
+            // Restore LastItemData so IsItemXXXX functions can work after BeginMenu()/EndMenu()
+            // (This fixes using IsItemClicked() and IsItemHovered(), but IsItemHovered() also relies on its support for ImGuiItemFlags_NoWindowHoverableCheck)
+            g.LastItemData = last_item_in_parent;
+            if (g.HoveredWindow == window)
+                g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        g.NextWindowData.ClearFlags(); // We behave like Begin() and need to consume those values
+    }
+
+    return menu_is_open;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::BeginMenu(const char* label, bool enabled)
+{
+    return BeginMenuEx(label, NULL, enabled);
+}
+
+void ImGui::EndMenu()
+{
+    // Nav: When a left move request our menu failed, close ourselves.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    IM_ASSERT(window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_Popup);  // Mismatched BeginMenu()/EndMenu() calls
+    ImGuiWindow* parent_window = window->ParentWindow;  // Should always be != NULL is we passed assert.
+    if (window->BeginCount == window->BeginCountPreviousFrame)
+        if (g.NavMoveDir == ImGuiDir_Left && NavMoveRequestButNoResultYet())
+            if (g.NavWindow && (g.NavWindow->RootWindowForNav == window) && parent_window->DC.LayoutType == ImGuiLayoutType_Vertical)
+            {
+                ClosePopupToLevel(g.BeginPopupStack.Size - 1, true);
+                NavMoveRequestCancel();
+            }
+
+    EndPopup();
+}
+
+bool ImGui::MenuItemEx(const char* label, const char* icon, const char* shortcut, bool selected, bool enabled)
+{
+    ImGuiWindow* window = GetCurrentWindow();
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    // See BeginMenuEx() for comments about this.
+    const bool menuset_is_open = IsRootOfOpenMenuSet();
+    if (menuset_is_open)
+        PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_NoWindowHoverableCheck, true);
+
+    // We've been using the equivalent of ImGuiSelectableFlags_SetNavIdOnHover on all Selectable() since early Nav system days (commit 43ee5d73),
+    // but I am unsure whether this should be kept at all. For now moved it to be an opt-in feature used by menus only.
+    bool pressed;
+    PushID(label);
+    if (!enabled)
+        BeginDisabled();
+
+    // We use ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoSetKeyOwner to allow down on one menu item, move, up on another.
+    const ImGuiSelectableFlags selectable_flags = ImGuiSelectableFlags_SelectOnRelease | ImGuiSelectableFlags_NoSetKeyOwner | ImGuiSelectableFlags_SetNavIdOnHover;
+    const ImGuiMenuColumns* offsets = &window->DC.MenuColumns;
+    if (window->DC.LayoutType == ImGuiLayoutType_Horizontal)
+    {
+        // Mimic the exact layout spacing of BeginMenu() to allow MenuItem() inside a menu bar, which is a little misleading but may be useful
+        // Note that in this situation: we don't render the shortcut, we render a highlight instead of the selected tick mark.
+        float w = label_size.x;
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x += IM_FLOOR(style.ItemSpacing.x * 0.5f);
+        ImVec2 text_pos(window->DC.CursorPos.x + offsets->OffsetLabel, window->DC.CursorPos.y + window->DC.CurrLineTextBaseOffset);
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_ItemSpacing, ImVec2(style.ItemSpacing.x * 2.0f, style.ItemSpacing.y));
+        pressed = Selectable("", selected, selectable_flags, ImVec2(w, 0.0f));
+        PopStyleVar();
+        if (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Visible)
+            RenderText(text_pos, label);
+        window->DC.CursorPos.x += IM_FLOOR(style.ItemSpacing.x * (-1.0f + 0.5f)); // -1 spacing to compensate the spacing added when Selectable() did a SameLine(). It would also work to call SameLine() ourselves after the PopStyleVar().
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Menu item inside a vertical menu
+        // (In a typical menu window where all items are BeginMenu() or MenuItem() calls, extra_w will always be 0.0f.
+        //  Only when they are other items sticking out we're going to add spacing, yet only register minimum width into the layout system.
+        float icon_w = (icon && icon[0]) ? CalcTextSize(icon, NULL).x : 0.0f;
+        float shortcut_w = (shortcut && shortcut[0]) ? CalcTextSize(shortcut, NULL).x : 0.0f;
+        float checkmark_w = IM_FLOOR(g.FontSize * 1.20f);
+        float min_w = window->DC.MenuColumns.DeclColumns(icon_w, label_size.x, shortcut_w, checkmark_w); // Feedback for next frame
+        float stretch_w = ImMax(0.0f, GetContentRegionAvail().x - min_w);
+        pressed = Selectable("", false, selectable_flags | ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAvailWidth, ImVec2(min_w, label_size.y));
+        if (g.LastItemData.StatusFlags & ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Visible)
+        {
+            RenderText(pos + ImVec2(offsets->OffsetLabel, 0.0f), label);
+            if (icon_w > 0.0f)
+                RenderText(pos + ImVec2(offsets->OffsetIcon, 0.0f), icon);
+            if (shortcut_w > 0.0f)
+            {
+                PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, style.Colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]);
+                RenderText(pos + ImVec2(offsets->OffsetShortcut + stretch_w, 0.0f), shortcut, NULL, false);
+                PopStyleColor();
+            }
+            if (selected)
+                RenderCheckMark(window->DrawList, pos + ImVec2(offsets->OffsetMark + stretch_w + g.FontSize * 0.40f, g.FontSize * 0.134f * 0.5f), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text), g.FontSize * 0.866f);
+        }
+    }
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(g.LastItemData.ID, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags | ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checkable | (selected ? ImGuiItemStatusFlags_Checked : 0));
+    if (!enabled)
+        EndDisabled();
+    PopID();
+    if (menuset_is_open)
+        PopItemFlag();
+
+    return pressed;
+}
+
+bool ImGui::MenuItem(const char* label, const char* shortcut, bool selected, bool enabled)
+{
+    return MenuItemEx(label, NULL, shortcut, selected, enabled);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::MenuItem(const char* label, const char* shortcut, bool* p_selected, bool enabled)
+{
+    if (MenuItemEx(label, NULL, shortcut, p_selected ? *p_selected : false, enabled))
+    {
+        if (p_selected)
+            *p_selected = !*p_selected;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: BeginTabBar, EndTabBar, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - BeginTabBar()
+// - BeginTabBarEx() [Internal]
+// - EndTabBar()
+// - TabBarLayout() [Internal]
+// - TabBarCalcTabID() [Internal]
+// - TabBarCalcMaxTabWidth() [Internal]
+// - TabBarFindTabById() [Internal]
+// - TabBarFindTabByOrder() [Internal]
+// - TabBarFindMostRecentlySelectedTabForActiveWindow() [Internal]
+// - TabBarGetCurrentTab() [Internal]
+// - TabBarGetTabName() [Internal]
+// - TabBarAddTab() [Internal]
+// - TabBarRemoveTab() [Internal]
+// - TabBarCloseTab() [Internal]
+// - TabBarScrollClamp() [Internal]
+// - TabBarScrollToTab() [Internal]
+// - TabBarQueueFocus() [Internal]
+// - TabBarQueueReorder() [Internal]
+// - TabBarProcessReorderFromMousePos() [Internal]
+// - TabBarProcessReorder() [Internal]
+// - TabBarScrollingButtons() [Internal]
+// - TabBarTabListPopupButton() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ImGuiTabBarSection
+{
+    int                 TabCount;               // Number of tabs in this section.
+    float               Width;                  // Sum of width of tabs in this section (after shrinking down)
+    float               Spacing;                // Horizontal spacing at the end of the section.
+
+    ImGuiTabBarSection() { memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this)); }
+};
+
+namespace ImGui
+{
+    static void             TabBarLayout(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+    static ImU32            TabBarCalcTabID(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const char* label, ImGuiWindow* docked_window);
+    static float            TabBarCalcMaxTabWidth();
+    static float            TabBarScrollClamp(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, float scrolling);
+    static void             TabBarScrollToTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiID tab_id, ImGuiTabBarSection* sections);
+    static ImGuiTabItem*    TabBarScrollingButtons(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+    static ImGuiTabItem*    TabBarTabListPopupButton(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar);
+}
+
+ImGuiTabBar::ImGuiTabBar()
+{
+    memset(this, 0, sizeof(*this));
+    CurrFrameVisible = PrevFrameVisible = -1;
+    LastTabItemIdx = -1;
+}
+
+static inline int TabItemGetSectionIdx(const ImGuiTabItem* tab)
+{
+    return (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Leading) ? 0 : (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing) ? 2 : 1;
+}
+
+static int IMGUI_CDECL TabItemComparerBySection(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+{
+    const ImGuiTabItem* a = (const ImGuiTabItem*)lhs;
+    const ImGuiTabItem* b = (const ImGuiTabItem*)rhs;
+    const int a_section = TabItemGetSectionIdx(a);
+    const int b_section = TabItemGetSectionIdx(b);
+    if (a_section != b_section)
+        return a_section - b_section;
+    return (int)(a->IndexDuringLayout - b->IndexDuringLayout);
+}
+
+static int IMGUI_CDECL TabItemComparerByBeginOrder(const void* lhs, const void* rhs)
+{
+    const ImGuiTabItem* a = (const ImGuiTabItem*)lhs;
+    const ImGuiTabItem* b = (const ImGuiTabItem*)rhs;
+    return (int)(a->BeginOrder - b->BeginOrder);
+}
+
+static ImGuiTabBar* GetTabBarFromTabBarRef(const ImGuiPtrOrIndex& ref)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return ref.Ptr ? (ImGuiTabBar*)ref.Ptr : g.TabBars.GetByIndex(ref.Index);
+}
+
+static ImGuiPtrOrIndex GetTabBarRefFromTabBar(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (g.TabBars.Contains(tab_bar))
+        return ImGuiPtrOrIndex(g.TabBars.GetIndex(tab_bar));
+    return ImGuiPtrOrIndex(tab_bar);
+}
+
+bool    ImGui::BeginTabBar(const char* str_id, ImGuiTabBarFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiID id = window->GetID(str_id);
+    ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = g.TabBars.GetOrAddByKey(id);
+    ImRect tab_bar_bb = ImRect(window->DC.CursorPos.x, window->DC.CursorPos.y, window->WorkRect.Max.x, window->DC.CursorPos.y + g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2);
+    tab_bar->ID = id;
+    return BeginTabBarEx(tab_bar, tab_bar_bb, flags | ImGuiTabBarFlags_IsFocused, NULL);
+}
+
+bool    ImGui::BeginTabBarEx(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const ImRect& tab_bar_bb, ImGuiTabBarFlags flags, ImGuiDockNode* dock_node)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode) == 0)
+        PushOverrideID(tab_bar->ID);
+
+    // Add to stack
+    g.CurrentTabBarStack.push_back(GetTabBarRefFromTabBar(tab_bar));
+    g.CurrentTabBar = tab_bar;
+
+    // Append with multiple BeginTabBar()/EndTabBar() pairs.
+    tab_bar->BackupCursorPos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    if (tab_bar->CurrFrameVisible == g.FrameCount)
+    {
+        window->DC.CursorPos = ImVec2(tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x, tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y + tab_bar->ItemSpacingY);
+        tab_bar->BeginCount++;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Ensure correct ordering when toggling ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable flag, or when a new tab was added while being not reorderable
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable) != (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable) || (tab_bar->TabsAddedNew && !(flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable)))
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode) == 0) // FIXME: TabBar with DockNode can now be hybrid
+            ImQsort(tab_bar->Tabs.Data, tab_bar->Tabs.Size, sizeof(ImGuiTabItem), TabItemComparerByBeginOrder);
+    tab_bar->TabsAddedNew = false;
+
+    // Flags
+    if ((flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyMask_) == 0)
+        flags |= ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyDefault_;
+
+    tab_bar->Flags = flags;
+    tab_bar->BarRect = tab_bar_bb;
+    tab_bar->WantLayout = true; // Layout will be done on the first call to ItemTab()
+    tab_bar->PrevFrameVisible = tab_bar->CurrFrameVisible;
+    tab_bar->CurrFrameVisible = g.FrameCount;
+    tab_bar->PrevTabsContentsHeight = tab_bar->CurrTabsContentsHeight;
+    tab_bar->CurrTabsContentsHeight = 0.0f;
+    tab_bar->ItemSpacingY = g.Style.ItemSpacing.y;
+    tab_bar->FramePadding = g.Style.FramePadding;
+    tab_bar->TabsActiveCount = 0;
+    tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx = -1;
+    tab_bar->BeginCount = 1;
+
+    // Set cursor pos in a way which only be used in the off-chance the user erroneously submits item before BeginTabItem(): items will overlap
+    window->DC.CursorPos = ImVec2(tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x, tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y + tab_bar->ItemSpacingY);
+
+    // Draw separator
+    const ImU32 col = GetColorU32((flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_IsFocused) ? ImGuiCol_TabActive : ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive);
+    const float y = tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y - 1.0f;
+    if (dock_node != NULL)
+    {
+        const float separator_min_x = dock_node->Pos.x + window->WindowBorderSize;
+        const float separator_max_x = dock_node->Pos.x + dock_node->Size.x - window->WindowBorderSize;
+        window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(separator_min_x, y), ImVec2(separator_max_x, y), col, 1.0f);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        const float separator_min_x = tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x - IM_FLOOR(window->WindowPadding.x * 0.5f);
+        const float separator_max_x = tab_bar->BarRect.Max.x + IM_FLOOR(window->WindowPadding.x * 0.5f);
+        window->DrawList->AddLine(ImVec2(separator_min_x, y), ImVec2(separator_max_x, y), col, 1.0f);
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void    ImGui::EndTabBar()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = g.CurrentTabBar;
+    if (tab_bar == NULL)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(tab_bar != NULL, "Mismatched BeginTabBar()/EndTabBar()!");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Fallback in case no TabItem have been submitted
+    if (tab_bar->WantLayout)
+        TabBarLayout(tab_bar);
+
+    // Restore the last visible height if no tab is visible, this reduce vertical flicker/movement when a tabs gets removed without calling SetTabItemClosed().
+    const bool tab_bar_appearing = (tab_bar->PrevFrameVisible + 1 < g.FrameCount);
+    if (tab_bar->VisibleTabWasSubmitted || tab_bar->VisibleTabId == 0 || tab_bar_appearing)
+    {
+        tab_bar->CurrTabsContentsHeight = ImMax(window->DC.CursorPos.y - tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y, tab_bar->CurrTabsContentsHeight);
+        window->DC.CursorPos.y = tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y + tab_bar->CurrTabsContentsHeight;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        window->DC.CursorPos.y = tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y + tab_bar->PrevTabsContentsHeight;
+    }
+    if (tab_bar->BeginCount > 1)
+        window->DC.CursorPos = tab_bar->BackupCursorPos;
+
+    tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx = -1;
+    if ((tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode) == 0)
+        PopID();
+
+    g.CurrentTabBarStack.pop_back();
+    g.CurrentTabBar = g.CurrentTabBarStack.empty() ? NULL : GetTabBarFromTabBarRef(g.CurrentTabBarStack.back());
+}
+
+// Scrolling happens only in the central section (leading/trailing sections are not scrolling)
+static float TabBarCalcScrollableWidth(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabBarSection* sections)
+{
+    return tab_bar->BarRect.GetWidth() - sections[0].Width - sections[2].Width - sections[1].Spacing;
+}
+
+// This is called only once a frame before by the first call to ItemTab()
+// The reason we're not calling it in BeginTabBar() is to leave a chance to the user to call the SetTabItemClosed() functions.
+static void ImGui::TabBarLayout(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    tab_bar->WantLayout = false;
+
+    // Garbage collect by compacting list
+    // Detect if we need to sort out tab list (e.g. in rare case where a tab changed section)
+    int tab_dst_n = 0;
+    bool need_sort_by_section = false;
+    ImGuiTabBarSection sections[3]; // Layout sections: Leading, Central, Trailing
+    for (int tab_src_n = 0; tab_src_n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; tab_src_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_src_n];
+        if (tab->LastFrameVisible < tab_bar->PrevFrameVisible || tab->WantClose)
+        {
+            // Remove tab
+            if (tab_bar->VisibleTabId == tab->ID) { tab_bar->VisibleTabId = 0; }
+            if (tab_bar->SelectedTabId == tab->ID) { tab_bar->SelectedTabId = 0; }
+            if (tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId == tab->ID) { tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = 0; }
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (tab_dst_n != tab_src_n)
+            tab_bar->Tabs[tab_dst_n] = tab_bar->Tabs[tab_src_n];
+
+        tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_dst_n];
+        tab->IndexDuringLayout = (ImS16)tab_dst_n;
+
+        // We will need sorting if tabs have changed section (e.g. moved from one of Leading/Central/Trailing to another)
+        int curr_tab_section_n = TabItemGetSectionIdx(tab);
+        if (tab_dst_n > 0)
+        {
+            ImGuiTabItem* prev_tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_dst_n - 1];
+            int prev_tab_section_n = TabItemGetSectionIdx(prev_tab);
+            if (curr_tab_section_n == 0 && prev_tab_section_n != 0)
+                need_sort_by_section = true;
+            if (prev_tab_section_n == 2 && curr_tab_section_n != 2)
+                need_sort_by_section = true;
+        }
+
+        sections[curr_tab_section_n].TabCount++;
+        tab_dst_n++;
+    }
+    if (tab_bar->Tabs.Size != tab_dst_n)
+        tab_bar->Tabs.resize(tab_dst_n);
+
+    if (need_sort_by_section)
+        ImQsort(tab_bar->Tabs.Data, tab_bar->Tabs.Size, sizeof(ImGuiTabItem), TabItemComparerBySection);
+
+    // Calculate spacing between sections
+    sections[0].Spacing = sections[0].TabCount > 0 && (sections[1].TabCount + sections[2].TabCount) > 0 ? g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x : 0.0f;
+    sections[1].Spacing = sections[1].TabCount > 0 && sections[2].TabCount > 0 ? g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x : 0.0f;
+
+    // Setup next selected tab
+    ImGuiID scroll_to_tab_id = 0;
+    if (tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId)
+    {
+        tab_bar->SelectedTabId = tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId;
+        tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = 0;
+        scroll_to_tab_id = tab_bar->SelectedTabId;
+    }
+
+    // Process order change request (we could probably process it when requested but it's just saner to do it in a single spot).
+    if (tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId != 0)
+    {
+        if (TabBarProcessReorder(tab_bar))
+            if (tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId == tab_bar->SelectedTabId)
+                scroll_to_tab_id = tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId;
+        tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Tab List Popup (will alter tab_bar->BarRect and therefore the available width!)
+    const bool tab_list_popup_button = (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_TabListPopupButton) != 0;
+    if (tab_list_popup_button)
+        if (ImGuiTabItem* tab_to_select = TabBarTabListPopupButton(tab_bar)) // NB: Will alter BarRect.Min.x!
+            scroll_to_tab_id = tab_bar->SelectedTabId = tab_to_select->ID;
+
+    // Leading/Trailing tabs will be shrink only if central one aren't visible anymore, so layout the shrink data as: leading, trailing, central
+    // (whereas our tabs are stored as: leading, central, trailing)
+    int shrink_buffer_indexes[3] = { 0, sections[0].TabCount + sections[2].TabCount, sections[0].TabCount };
+    g.ShrinkWidthBuffer.resize(tab_bar->Tabs.Size);
+
+    // Compute ideal tabs widths + store them into shrink buffer
+    ImGuiTabItem* most_recently_selected_tab = NULL;
+    int curr_section_n = -1;
+    bool found_selected_tab_id = false;
+    for (int tab_n = 0; tab_n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; tab_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n];
+        IM_ASSERT(tab->LastFrameVisible >= tab_bar->PrevFrameVisible);
+
+        if ((most_recently_selected_tab == NULL || most_recently_selected_tab->LastFrameSelected < tab->LastFrameSelected) && !(tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button))
+            most_recently_selected_tab = tab;
+        if (tab->ID == tab_bar->SelectedTabId)
+            found_selected_tab_id = true;
+        if (scroll_to_tab_id == 0 && g.NavJustMovedToId == tab->ID)
+            scroll_to_tab_id = tab->ID;
+
+        // Refresh tab width immediately, otherwise changes of style e.g. style.FramePadding.x would noticeably lag in the tab bar.
+        // Additionally, when using TabBarAddTab() to manipulate tab bar order we occasionally insert new tabs that don't have a width yet,
+        // and we cannot wait for the next BeginTabItem() call. We cannot compute this width within TabBarAddTab() because font size depends on the active window.
+        const char* tab_name = TabBarGetTabName(tab_bar, tab);
+        const bool has_close_button_or_unsaved_marker = (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseButton) == 0 || (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument);
+        tab->ContentWidth = (tab->RequestedWidth >= 0.0f) ? tab->RequestedWidth : TabItemCalcSize(tab_name, has_close_button_or_unsaved_marker).x;
+
+        int section_n = TabItemGetSectionIdx(tab);
+        ImGuiTabBarSection* section = &sections[section_n];
+        section->Width += tab->ContentWidth + (section_n == curr_section_n ? g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x : 0.0f);
+        curr_section_n = section_n;
+
+        // Store data so we can build an array sorted by width if we need to shrink tabs down
+        IM_MSVC_WARNING_SUPPRESS(6385);
+        ImGuiShrinkWidthItem* shrink_width_item = &g.ShrinkWidthBuffer[shrink_buffer_indexes[section_n]++];
+        shrink_width_item->Index = tab_n;
+        shrink_width_item->Width = shrink_width_item->InitialWidth = tab->ContentWidth;
+        tab->Width = ImMax(tab->ContentWidth, 1.0f);
+    }
+
+    // Compute total ideal width (used for e.g. auto-resizing a window)
+    tab_bar->WidthAllTabsIdeal = 0.0f;
+    for (int section_n = 0; section_n < 3; section_n++)
+        tab_bar->WidthAllTabsIdeal += sections[section_n].Width + sections[section_n].Spacing;
+
+    // Horizontal scrolling buttons
+    // (note that TabBarScrollButtons() will alter BarRect.Max.x)
+    if ((tab_bar->WidthAllTabsIdeal > tab_bar->BarRect.GetWidth() && tab_bar->Tabs.Size > 1) && !(tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoTabListScrollingButtons) && (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll))
+        if (ImGuiTabItem* scroll_and_select_tab = TabBarScrollingButtons(tab_bar))
+        {
+            scroll_to_tab_id = scroll_and_select_tab->ID;
+            if ((scroll_and_select_tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button) == 0)
+                tab_bar->SelectedTabId = scroll_to_tab_id;
+        }
+
+    // Shrink widths if full tabs don't fit in their allocated space
+    float section_0_w = sections[0].Width + sections[0].Spacing;
+    float section_1_w = sections[1].Width + sections[1].Spacing;
+    float section_2_w = sections[2].Width + sections[2].Spacing;
+    bool central_section_is_visible = (section_0_w + section_2_w) < tab_bar->BarRect.GetWidth();
+    float width_excess;
+    if (central_section_is_visible)
+        width_excess = ImMax(section_1_w - (tab_bar->BarRect.GetWidth() - section_0_w - section_2_w), 0.0f); // Excess used to shrink central section
+    else
+        width_excess = (section_0_w + section_2_w) - tab_bar->BarRect.GetWidth(); // Excess used to shrink leading/trailing section
+
+    // With ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll policy, we will only shrink leading/trailing if the central section is not visible anymore
+    if (width_excess >= 1.0f && ((tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyResizeDown) || !central_section_is_visible))
+    {
+        int shrink_data_count = (central_section_is_visible ? sections[1].TabCount : sections[0].TabCount + sections[2].TabCount);
+        int shrink_data_offset = (central_section_is_visible ? sections[0].TabCount + sections[2].TabCount : 0);
+        ShrinkWidths(g.ShrinkWidthBuffer.Data + shrink_data_offset, shrink_data_count, width_excess);
+
+        // Apply shrunk values into tabs and sections
+        for (int tab_n = shrink_data_offset; tab_n < shrink_data_offset + shrink_data_count; tab_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[g.ShrinkWidthBuffer[tab_n].Index];
+            float shrinked_width = IM_FLOOR(g.ShrinkWidthBuffer[tab_n].Width);
+            if (shrinked_width < 0.0f)
+                continue;
+
+            shrinked_width = ImMax(1.0f, shrinked_width);
+            int section_n = TabItemGetSectionIdx(tab);
+            sections[section_n].Width -= (tab->Width - shrinked_width);
+            tab->Width = shrinked_width;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Layout all active tabs
+    int section_tab_index = 0;
+    float tab_offset = 0.0f;
+    tab_bar->WidthAllTabs = 0.0f;
+    for (int section_n = 0; section_n < 3; section_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTabBarSection* section = &sections[section_n];
+        if (section_n == 2)
+            tab_offset = ImMin(ImMax(0.0f, tab_bar->BarRect.GetWidth() - section->Width), tab_offset);
+
+        for (int tab_n = 0; tab_n < section->TabCount; tab_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[section_tab_index + tab_n];
+            tab->Offset = tab_offset;
+            tab->NameOffset = -1;
+            tab_offset += tab->Width + (tab_n < section->TabCount - 1 ? g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x : 0.0f);
+        }
+        tab_bar->WidthAllTabs += ImMax(section->Width + section->Spacing, 0.0f);
+        tab_offset += section->Spacing;
+        section_tab_index += section->TabCount;
+    }
+
+    // Clear name buffers
+    tab_bar->TabsNames.Buf.resize(0);
+
+    // If we have lost the selected tab, select the next most recently active one
+    if (found_selected_tab_id == false)
+        tab_bar->SelectedTabId = 0;
+    if (tab_bar->SelectedTabId == 0 && tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId == 0 && most_recently_selected_tab != NULL)
+        scroll_to_tab_id = tab_bar->SelectedTabId = most_recently_selected_tab->ID;
+
+    // Lock in visible tab
+    tab_bar->VisibleTabId = tab_bar->SelectedTabId;
+    tab_bar->VisibleTabWasSubmitted = false;
+
+    // CTRL+TAB can override visible tab temporarily
+    if (g.NavWindowingTarget != NULL && g.NavWindowingTarget->DockNode && g.NavWindowingTarget->DockNode->TabBar == tab_bar)
+        tab_bar->VisibleTabId = scroll_to_tab_id = g.NavWindowingTarget->TabId;
+
+    // Apply request requests
+    if (scroll_to_tab_id != 0)
+        TabBarScrollToTab(tab_bar, scroll_to_tab_id, sections);
+    else if ((tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_FittingPolicyScroll) && IsMouseHoveringRect(tab_bar->BarRect.Min, tab_bar->BarRect.Max, true) && IsWindowContentHoverable(g.CurrentWindow))
+    {
+        const float wheel = g.IO.MouseWheelRequestAxisSwap ? g.IO.MouseWheel : g.IO.MouseWheelH;
+        const ImGuiKey wheel_key = g.IO.MouseWheelRequestAxisSwap ? ImGuiKey_MouseWheelY : ImGuiKey_MouseWheelX;
+        if (TestKeyOwner(wheel_key, tab_bar->ID) && wheel != 0.0f)
+        {
+            const float scroll_step = wheel * TabBarCalcScrollableWidth(tab_bar, sections) / 3.0f;
+            tab_bar->ScrollingTargetDistToVisibility = 0.0f;
+            tab_bar->ScrollingTarget = TabBarScrollClamp(tab_bar, tab_bar->ScrollingTarget - scroll_step);
+        }
+        SetKeyOwner(wheel_key, tab_bar->ID);
+    }
+
+    // Update scrolling
+    tab_bar->ScrollingAnim = TabBarScrollClamp(tab_bar, tab_bar->ScrollingAnim);
+    tab_bar->ScrollingTarget = TabBarScrollClamp(tab_bar, tab_bar->ScrollingTarget);
+    if (tab_bar->ScrollingAnim != tab_bar->ScrollingTarget)
+    {
+        // Scrolling speed adjust itself so we can always reach our target in 1/3 seconds.
+        // Teleport if we are aiming far off the visible line
+        tab_bar->ScrollingSpeed = ImMax(tab_bar->ScrollingSpeed, 70.0f * g.FontSize);
+        tab_bar->ScrollingSpeed = ImMax(tab_bar->ScrollingSpeed, ImFabs(tab_bar->ScrollingTarget - tab_bar->ScrollingAnim) / 0.3f);
+        const bool teleport = (tab_bar->PrevFrameVisible + 1 < g.FrameCount) || (tab_bar->ScrollingTargetDistToVisibility > 10.0f * g.FontSize);
+        tab_bar->ScrollingAnim = teleport ? tab_bar->ScrollingTarget : ImLinearSweep(tab_bar->ScrollingAnim, tab_bar->ScrollingTarget, g.IO.DeltaTime * tab_bar->ScrollingSpeed);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        tab_bar->ScrollingSpeed = 0.0f;
+    }
+    tab_bar->ScrollingRectMinX = tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x + sections[0].Width + sections[0].Spacing;
+    tab_bar->ScrollingRectMaxX = tab_bar->BarRect.Max.x - sections[2].Width - sections[1].Spacing;
+
+    // Actual layout in host window (we don't do it in BeginTabBar() so as not to waste an extra frame)
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    window->DC.CursorPos = tab_bar->BarRect.Min;
+    ItemSize(ImVec2(tab_bar->WidthAllTabs, tab_bar->BarRect.GetHeight()), tab_bar->FramePadding.y);
+    window->DC.IdealMaxPos.x = ImMax(window->DC.IdealMaxPos.x, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x + tab_bar->WidthAllTabsIdeal);
+}
+
+// Dockable windows uses Name/ID in the global namespace. Non-dockable items use the ID stack.
+static ImU32   ImGui::TabBarCalcTabID(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const char* label, ImGuiWindow* docked_window)
+{
+    if (docked_window != NULL)
+    {
+        IM_UNUSED(tab_bar);
+        IM_ASSERT(tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode);
+        ImGuiID id = docked_window->TabId;
+        KeepAliveID(id);
+        return id;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        ImGuiWindow* window = GImGui->CurrentWindow;
+        return window->GetID(label);
+    }
+}
+
+static float ImGui::TabBarCalcMaxTabWidth()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    return g.FontSize * 20.0f;
+}
+
+ImGuiTabItem* ImGui::TabBarFindTabByID(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiID tab_id)
+{
+    if (tab_id != 0)
+        for (int n = 0; n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; n++)
+            if (tab_bar->Tabs[n].ID == tab_id)
+                return &tab_bar->Tabs[n];
+    return NULL;
+}
+
+// Order = visible order, not submission order! (which is tab->BeginOrder)
+ImGuiTabItem* ImGui::TabBarFindTabByOrder(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, int order)
+{
+    if (order < 0 || order >= tab_bar->Tabs.Size)
+        return NULL;
+    return &tab_bar->Tabs[order];
+}
+
+// FIXME: See references to #2304 in TODO.txt
+ImGuiTabItem* ImGui::TabBarFindMostRecentlySelectedTabForActiveWindow(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    ImGuiTabItem* most_recently_selected_tab = NULL;
+    for (int tab_n = 0; tab_n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; tab_n++)
+    {
+        ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n];
+        if (most_recently_selected_tab == NULL || most_recently_selected_tab->LastFrameSelected < tab->LastFrameSelected)
+            if (tab->Window && tab->Window->WasActive)
+                most_recently_selected_tab = tab;
+    }
+    return most_recently_selected_tab;
+}
+
+ImGuiTabItem* ImGui::TabBarGetCurrentTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    if (tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx <= 0 || tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx >= tab_bar->Tabs.Size)
+        return NULL;
+    return &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx];
+}
+
+const char* ImGui::TabBarGetTabName(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab)
+{
+    if (tab->Window)
+        return tab->Window->Name;
+    if (tab->NameOffset == -1)
+        return "N/A";
+    IM_ASSERT(tab->NameOffset < tab_bar->TabsNames.Buf.Size);
+    return tab_bar->TabsNames.Buf.Data + tab->NameOffset;
+}
+
+// The purpose of this call is to register tab in advance so we can control their order at the time they appear.
+// Otherwise calling this is unnecessary as tabs are appending as needed by the BeginTabItem() function.
+void ImGui::TabBarAddTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItemFlags tab_flags, ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, window->TabId) == NULL);
+    IM_ASSERT(g.CurrentTabBar != tab_bar);  // Can't work while the tab bar is active as our tab doesn't have an X offset yet, in theory we could/should test something like (tab_bar->CurrFrameVisible < g.FrameCount) but we'd need to solve why triggers the commented early-out assert in BeginTabBarEx() (probably dock node going from implicit to explicit in same frame)
+
+    if (!window->HasCloseButton)
+        tab_flags |= ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseButton;       // Set _NoCloseButton immediately because it will be used for first-frame width calculation.
+
+    ImGuiTabItem new_tab;
+    new_tab.ID = window->TabId;
+    new_tab.Flags = tab_flags;
+    new_tab.LastFrameVisible = tab_bar->CurrFrameVisible;   // Required so BeginTabBar() doesn't ditch the tab
+    if (new_tab.LastFrameVisible == -1)
+        new_tab.LastFrameVisible = g.FrameCount - 1;
+    new_tab.Window = window;                                // Required so tab bar layout can compute the tab width before tab submission
+    tab_bar->Tabs.push_back(new_tab);
+}
+
+// The *TabId fields are already set by the docking system _before_ the actual TabItem was created, so we clear them regardless.
+void ImGui::TabBarRemoveTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiID tab_id)
+{
+    if (ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, tab_id))
+        tab_bar->Tabs.erase(tab);
+    if (tab_bar->VisibleTabId == tab_id)      { tab_bar->VisibleTabId = 0; }
+    if (tab_bar->SelectedTabId == tab_id)     { tab_bar->SelectedTabId = 0; }
+    if (tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId == tab_id) { tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = 0; }
+}
+
+// Called on manual closure attempt
+void ImGui::TabBarCloseTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab)
+{
+    if (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button)
+        return; // A button appended with TabItemButton().
+
+    if (!(tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument))
+    {
+        // This will remove a frame of lag for selecting another tab on closure.
+        // However we don't run it in the case where the 'Unsaved' flag is set, so user gets a chance to fully undo the closure
+        tab->WantClose = true;
+        if (tab_bar->VisibleTabId == tab->ID)
+        {
+            tab->LastFrameVisible = -1;
+            tab_bar->SelectedTabId = tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Actually select before expecting closure attempt (on an UnsavedDocument tab user is expect to e.g. show a popup)
+        if (tab_bar->VisibleTabId != tab->ID)
+            TabBarQueueFocus(tab_bar, tab);
+    }
+}
+
+static float ImGui::TabBarScrollClamp(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, float scrolling)
+{
+    scrolling = ImMin(scrolling, tab_bar->WidthAllTabs - tab_bar->BarRect.GetWidth());
+    return ImMax(scrolling, 0.0f);
+}
+
+// Note: we may scroll to tab that are not selected! e.g. using keyboard arrow keys
+static void ImGui::TabBarScrollToTab(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiID tab_id, ImGuiTabBarSection* sections)
+{
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, tab_id);
+    if (tab == NULL)
+        return;
+    if (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    float margin = g.FontSize * 1.0f; // When to scroll to make Tab N+1 visible always make a bit of N visible to suggest more scrolling area (since we don't have a scrollbar)
+    int order = TabBarGetTabOrder(tab_bar, tab);
+
+    // Scrolling happens only in the central section (leading/trailing sections are not scrolling)
+    float scrollable_width = TabBarCalcScrollableWidth(tab_bar, sections);
+
+    // We make all tabs positions all relative Sections[0].Width to make code simpler
+    float tab_x1 = tab->Offset - sections[0].Width + (order > sections[0].TabCount - 1 ? -margin : 0.0f);
+    float tab_x2 = tab->Offset - sections[0].Width + tab->Width + (order + 1 < tab_bar->Tabs.Size - sections[2].TabCount ? margin : 1.0f);
+    tab_bar->ScrollingTargetDistToVisibility = 0.0f;
+    if (tab_bar->ScrollingTarget > tab_x1 || (tab_x2 - tab_x1 >= scrollable_width))
+    {
+        // Scroll to the left
+        tab_bar->ScrollingTargetDistToVisibility = ImMax(tab_bar->ScrollingAnim - tab_x2, 0.0f);
+        tab_bar->ScrollingTarget = tab_x1;
+    }
+    else if (tab_bar->ScrollingTarget < tab_x2 - scrollable_width)
+    {
+        // Scroll to the right
+        tab_bar->ScrollingTargetDistToVisibility = ImMax((tab_x1 - scrollable_width) - tab_bar->ScrollingAnim, 0.0f);
+        tab_bar->ScrollingTarget = tab_x2 - scrollable_width;
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui::TabBarQueueFocus(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab)
+{
+    tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId = tab->ID;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TabBarQueueReorder(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* tab, int offset)
+{
+    IM_ASSERT(offset != 0);
+    IM_ASSERT(tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId == 0);
+    tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId = tab->ID;
+    tab_bar->ReorderRequestOffset = (ImS16)offset;
+}
+
+void ImGui::TabBarQueueReorderFromMousePos(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, ImGuiTabItem* src_tab, ImVec2 mouse_pos)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    IM_ASSERT(tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId == 0);
+    if ((tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable) == 0)
+        return;
+
+    const bool is_central_section = (src_tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_) == 0;
+    const float bar_offset = tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x - (is_central_section ? tab_bar->ScrollingTarget : 0);
+
+    // Count number of contiguous tabs we are crossing over
+    const int dir = (bar_offset + src_tab->Offset) > mouse_pos.x ? -1 : +1;
+    const int src_idx = tab_bar->Tabs.index_from_ptr(src_tab);
+    int dst_idx = src_idx;
+    for (int i = src_idx; i >= 0 && i < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; i += dir)
+    {
+        // Reordered tabs must share the same section
+        const ImGuiTabItem* dst_tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[i];
+        if (dst_tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoReorder)
+            break;
+        if ((dst_tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_) != (src_tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_))
+            break;
+        dst_idx = i;
+
+        // Include spacing after tab, so when mouse cursor is between tabs we would not continue checking further tabs that are not hovered.
+        const float x1 = bar_offset + dst_tab->Offset - g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+        const float x2 = bar_offset + dst_tab->Offset + dst_tab->Width + g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x;
+        //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(ImVec2(x1, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.y), ImVec2(x2, tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y), IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255));
+        if ((dir < 0 && mouse_pos.x > x1) || (dir > 0 && mouse_pos.x < x2))
+            break;
+    }
+
+    if (dst_idx != src_idx)
+        TabBarQueueReorder(tab_bar, src_tab, dst_idx - src_idx);
+}
+
+bool ImGui::TabBarProcessReorder(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab1 = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, tab_bar->ReorderRequestTabId);
+    if (tab1 == NULL || (tab1->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoReorder))
+        return false;
+
+    //IM_ASSERT(tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable); // <- this may happen when using debug tools
+    int tab2_order = TabBarGetTabOrder(tab_bar, tab1) + tab_bar->ReorderRequestOffset;
+    if (tab2_order < 0 || tab2_order >= tab_bar->Tabs.Size)
+        return false;
+
+    // Reordered tabs must share the same section
+    // (Note: TabBarQueueReorderFromMousePos() also has a similar test but since we allow direct calls to TabBarQueueReorder() we do it here too)
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab2 = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab2_order];
+    if (tab2->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoReorder)
+        return false;
+    if ((tab1->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_) != (tab2->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_))
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiTabItem item_tmp = *tab1;
+    ImGuiTabItem* src_tab = (tab_bar->ReorderRequestOffset > 0) ? tab1 + 1 : tab2;
+    ImGuiTabItem* dst_tab = (tab_bar->ReorderRequestOffset > 0) ? tab1 : tab2 + 1;
+    const int move_count = (tab_bar->ReorderRequestOffset > 0) ? tab_bar->ReorderRequestOffset : -tab_bar->ReorderRequestOffset;
+    memmove(dst_tab, src_tab, move_count * sizeof(ImGuiTabItem));
+    *tab2 = item_tmp;
+
+    if (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_SaveSettings)
+        MarkIniSettingsDirty();
+    return true;
+}
+
+static ImGuiTabItem* ImGui::TabBarScrollingButtons(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    const ImVec2 arrow_button_size(g.FontSize - 2.0f, g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f);
+    const float scrolling_buttons_width = arrow_button_size.x * 2.0f;
+
+    const ImVec2 backup_cursor_pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    //window->DrawList->AddRect(ImVec2(tab_bar->BarRect.Max.x - scrolling_buttons_width, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.y), ImVec2(tab_bar->BarRect.Max.x, tab_bar->BarRect.Max.y), IM_COL32(255,0,0,255));
+
+    int select_dir = 0;
+    ImVec4 arrow_col = g.Style.Colors[ImGuiCol_Text];
+    arrow_col.w *= 0.5f;
+
+    PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, arrow_col);
+    PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0));
+    const float backup_repeat_delay = g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay;
+    const float backup_repeat_rate = g.IO.KeyRepeatRate;
+    g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay = 0.250f;
+    g.IO.KeyRepeatRate = 0.200f;
+    float x = ImMax(tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x, tab_bar->BarRect.Max.x - scrolling_buttons_width);
+    window->DC.CursorPos = ImVec2(x, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.y);
+    if (ArrowButtonEx("##<", ImGuiDir_Left, arrow_button_size, ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick | ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat))
+        select_dir = -1;
+    window->DC.CursorPos = ImVec2(x + arrow_button_size.x, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.y);
+    if (ArrowButtonEx("##>", ImGuiDir_Right, arrow_button_size, ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick | ImGuiButtonFlags_Repeat))
+        select_dir = +1;
+    PopStyleColor(2);
+    g.IO.KeyRepeatRate = backup_repeat_rate;
+    g.IO.KeyRepeatDelay = backup_repeat_delay;
+
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab_to_scroll_to = NULL;
+    if (select_dir != 0)
+        if (ImGuiTabItem* tab_item = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, tab_bar->SelectedTabId))
+        {
+            int selected_order = TabBarGetTabOrder(tab_bar, tab_item);
+            int target_order = selected_order + select_dir;
+
+            // Skip tab item buttons until another tab item is found or end is reached
+            while (tab_to_scroll_to == NULL)
+            {
+                // If we are at the end of the list, still scroll to make our tab visible
+                tab_to_scroll_to = &tab_bar->Tabs[(target_order >= 0 && target_order < tab_bar->Tabs.Size) ? target_order : selected_order];
+
+                // Cross through buttons
+                // (even if first/last item is a button, return it so we can update the scroll)
+                if (tab_to_scroll_to->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button)
+                {
+                    target_order += select_dir;
+                    selected_order += select_dir;
+                    tab_to_scroll_to = (target_order < 0 || target_order >= tab_bar->Tabs.Size) ? tab_to_scroll_to : NULL;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    window->DC.CursorPos = backup_cursor_pos;
+    tab_bar->BarRect.Max.x -= scrolling_buttons_width + 1.0f;
+
+    return tab_to_scroll_to;
+}
+
+static ImGuiTabItem* ImGui::TabBarTabListPopupButton(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+
+    // We use g.Style.FramePadding.y to match the square ArrowButton size
+    const float tab_list_popup_button_width = g.FontSize + g.Style.FramePadding.y;
+    const ImVec2 backup_cursor_pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    window->DC.CursorPos = ImVec2(tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x - g.Style.FramePadding.y, tab_bar->BarRect.Min.y);
+    tab_bar->BarRect.Min.x += tab_list_popup_button_width;
+
+    ImVec4 arrow_col = g.Style.Colors[ImGuiCol_Text];
+    arrow_col.w *= 0.5f;
+    PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, arrow_col);
+    PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, ImVec4(0, 0, 0, 0));
+    bool open = BeginCombo("##v", NULL, ImGuiComboFlags_NoPreview | ImGuiComboFlags_HeightLargest);
+    PopStyleColor(2);
+
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab_to_select = NULL;
+    if (open)
+    {
+        for (int tab_n = 0; tab_n < tab_bar->Tabs.Size; tab_n++)
+        {
+            ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_n];
+            if (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button)
+                continue;
+
+            const char* tab_name = TabBarGetTabName(tab_bar, tab);
+            if (Selectable(tab_name, tab_bar->SelectedTabId == tab->ID))
+                tab_to_select = tab;
+        }
+        EndCombo();
+    }
+
+    window->DC.CursorPos = backup_cursor_pos;
+    return tab_to_select;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// [SECTION] Widgets: BeginTabItem, EndTabItem, etc.
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// - BeginTabItem()
+// - EndTabItem()
+// - TabItemButton()
+// - TabItemEx() [Internal]
+// - SetTabItemClosed()
+// - TabItemCalcSize() [Internal]
+// - TabItemBackground() [Internal]
+// - TabItemLabelAndCloseButton() [Internal]
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+bool    ImGui::BeginTabItem(const char* label, bool* p_open, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = g.CurrentTabBar;
+    if (tab_bar == NULL)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(tab_bar, "Needs to be called between BeginTabBar() and EndTabBar()!");
+        return false;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button) == 0);             // BeginTabItem() Can't be used with button flags, use TabItemButton() instead!
+
+    bool ret = TabItemEx(tab_bar, label, p_open, flags, NULL);
+    if (ret && !(flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoPushId))
+    {
+        ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx];
+        PushOverrideID(tab->ID); // We already hashed 'label' so push into the ID stack directly instead of doing another hash through PushID(label)
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void    ImGui::EndTabItem()
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return;
+
+    ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = g.CurrentTabBar;
+    if (tab_bar == NULL)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(tab_bar != NULL, "Needs to be called between BeginTabBar() and EndTabBar()!");
+        return;
+    }
+    IM_ASSERT(tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx >= 0);
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab = &tab_bar->Tabs[tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx];
+    if (!(tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoPushId))
+        PopID();
+}
+
+bool    ImGui::TabItemButton(const char* label, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = g.CurrentTabBar;
+    if (tab_bar == NULL)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT_USER_ERROR(tab_bar != NULL, "Needs to be called between BeginTabBar() and EndTabBar()!");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return TabItemEx(tab_bar, label, NULL, flags | ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button | ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoReorder, NULL);
+}
+
+bool    ImGui::TabItemEx(ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar, const char* label, bool* p_open, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags, ImGuiWindow* docked_window)
+{
+    // Layout whole tab bar if not already done
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    if (tab_bar->WantLayout)
+    {
+        ImGuiNextItemData backup_next_item_data = g.NextItemData;
+        TabBarLayout(tab_bar);
+        g.NextItemData = backup_next_item_data;
+    }
+    ImGuiWindow* window = g.CurrentWindow;
+    if (window->SkipItems)
+        return false;
+
+    const ImGuiStyle& style = g.Style;
+    const ImGuiID id = TabBarCalcTabID(tab_bar, label, docked_window);
+
+    // If the user called us with *p_open == false, we early out and don't render.
+    // We make a call to ItemAdd() so that attempts to use a contextual popup menu with an implicit ID won't use an older ID.
+    IMGUI_TEST_ENGINE_ITEM_INFO(id, label, g.LastItemData.StatusFlags);
+    if (p_open && !*p_open)
+    {
+        ItemAdd(ImRect(), id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    IM_ASSERT(!p_open || !(flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button));
+    IM_ASSERT((flags & (ImGuiTabItemFlags_Leading | ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing)) != (ImGuiTabItemFlags_Leading | ImGuiTabItemFlags_Trailing)); // Can't use both Leading and Trailing
+
+    // Store into ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseButton, also honor ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseButton passed by user (although not documented)
+    if (flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseButton)
+        p_open = NULL;
+    else if (p_open == NULL)
+        flags |= ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseButton;
+
+    // Acquire tab data
+    ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, id);
+    bool tab_is_new = false;
+    if (tab == NULL)
+    {
+        tab_bar->Tabs.push_back(ImGuiTabItem());
+        tab = &tab_bar->Tabs.back();
+        tab->ID = id;
+        tab_bar->TabsAddedNew = tab_is_new = true;
+    }
+    tab_bar->LastTabItemIdx = (ImS16)tab_bar->Tabs.index_from_ptr(tab);
+
+    // Calculate tab contents size
+    ImVec2 size = TabItemCalcSize(label, (p_open != NULL) || (flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument));
+    tab->RequestedWidth = -1.0f;
+    if (g.NextItemData.Flags & ImGuiNextItemDataFlags_HasWidth)
+        size.x = tab->RequestedWidth = g.NextItemData.Width;
+    if (tab_is_new)
+        tab->Width = ImMax(1.0f, size.x);
+    tab->ContentWidth = size.x;
+    tab->BeginOrder = tab_bar->TabsActiveCount++;
+
+    const bool tab_bar_appearing = (tab_bar->PrevFrameVisible + 1 < g.FrameCount);
+    const bool tab_bar_focused = (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_IsFocused) != 0;
+    const bool tab_appearing = (tab->LastFrameVisible + 1 < g.FrameCount);
+    const bool tab_just_unsaved = (flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument) && !(tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument);
+    const bool is_tab_button = (flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button) != 0;
+    tab->LastFrameVisible = g.FrameCount;
+    tab->Flags = flags;
+    tab->Window = docked_window;
+
+    // Append name _WITH_ the zero-terminator
+    // (regular tabs are permitted in a DockNode tab bar, but window tabs not permitted in a non-DockNode tab bar)
+    if (docked_window != NULL)
+    {
+        IM_ASSERT(tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode);
+        tab->NameOffset = -1;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        tab->NameOffset = (ImS32)tab_bar->TabsNames.size();
+        tab_bar->TabsNames.append(label, label + strlen(label) + 1);
+    }
+
+    // Update selected tab
+    if (!is_tab_button)
+    {
+        if (tab_appearing && (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_AutoSelectNewTabs) && tab_bar->NextSelectedTabId == 0)
+            if (!tab_bar_appearing || tab_bar->SelectedTabId == 0)
+                TabBarQueueFocus(tab_bar, tab); // New tabs gets activated
+        if ((flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SetSelected) && (tab_bar->SelectedTabId != id)) // _SetSelected can only be passed on explicit tab bar
+            TabBarQueueFocus(tab_bar, tab);
+    }
+
+    // Lock visibility
+    // (Note: tab_contents_visible != tab_selected... because CTRL+TAB operations may preview some tabs without selecting them!)
+    bool tab_contents_visible = (tab_bar->VisibleTabId == id);
+    if (tab_contents_visible)
+        tab_bar->VisibleTabWasSubmitted = true;
+
+    // On the very first frame of a tab bar we let first tab contents be visible to minimize appearing glitches
+    if (!tab_contents_visible && tab_bar->SelectedTabId == 0 && tab_bar_appearing && docked_window == NULL)
+        if (tab_bar->Tabs.Size == 1 && !(tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_AutoSelectNewTabs))
+            tab_contents_visible = true;
+
+    // Note that tab_is_new is not necessarily the same as tab_appearing! When a tab bar stops being submitted
+    // and then gets submitted again, the tabs will have 'tab_appearing=true' but 'tab_is_new=false'.
+    if (tab_appearing && (!tab_bar_appearing || tab_is_new))
+    {
+        ItemAdd(ImRect(), id, NULL, ImGuiItemFlags_NoNav);
+        if (is_tab_button)
+            return false;
+        return tab_contents_visible;
+    }
+
+    if (tab_bar->SelectedTabId == id)
+        tab->LastFrameSelected = g.FrameCount;
+
+    // Backup current layout position
+    const ImVec2 backup_main_cursor_pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+
+    // Layout
+    const bool is_central_section = (tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_SectionMask_) == 0;
+    size.x = tab->Width;
+    if (is_central_section)
+        window->DC.CursorPos = tab_bar->BarRect.Min + ImVec2(IM_FLOOR(tab->Offset - tab_bar->ScrollingAnim), 0.0f);
+    else
+        window->DC.CursorPos = tab_bar->BarRect.Min + ImVec2(tab->Offset, 0.0f);
+    ImVec2 pos = window->DC.CursorPos;
+    ImRect bb(pos, pos + size);
+
+    // We don't have CPU clipping primitives to clip the CloseButton (until it becomes a texture), so need to add an extra draw call (temporary in the case of vertical animation)
+    const bool want_clip_rect = is_central_section && (bb.Min.x < tab_bar->ScrollingRectMinX || bb.Max.x > tab_bar->ScrollingRectMaxX);
+    if (want_clip_rect)
+        PushClipRect(ImVec2(ImMax(bb.Min.x, tab_bar->ScrollingRectMinX), bb.Min.y - 1), ImVec2(tab_bar->ScrollingRectMaxX, bb.Max.y), true);
+
+    ImVec2 backup_cursor_max_pos = window->DC.CursorMaxPos;
+    ItemSize(bb.GetSize(), style.FramePadding.y);
+    window->DC.CursorMaxPos = backup_cursor_max_pos;
+
+    if (!ItemAdd(bb, id))
+    {
+        if (want_clip_rect)
+            PopClipRect();
+        window->DC.CursorPos = backup_main_cursor_pos;
+        return tab_contents_visible;
+    }
+
+    // Click to Select a tab
+    ImGuiButtonFlags button_flags = ((is_tab_button ? ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClickRelease : ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnClick) | ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+    if (g.DragDropActive && !g.DragDropPayload.IsDataType(IMGUI_PAYLOAD_TYPE_WINDOW)) // FIXME: May be an opt-in property of the payload to disable this
+        button_flags |= ImGuiButtonFlags_PressedOnDragDropHold;
+    bool hovered, held;
+    bool pressed = ButtonBehavior(bb, id, &hovered, &held, button_flags);
+    if (pressed && !is_tab_button)
+        TabBarQueueFocus(tab_bar, tab);
+
+    // Transfer active id window so the active id is not owned by the dock host (as StartMouseMovingWindow()
+    // will only do it on the drag). This allows FocusWindow() to be more conservative in how it clears active id.
+    if (held && docked_window && g.ActiveId == id && g.ActiveIdIsJustActivated)
+        g.ActiveIdWindow = docked_window;
+
+    // Allow the close button to overlap unless we are dragging (in which case we don't want any overlapping tabs to be hovered)
+    if (g.ActiveId != id)
+        SetItemAllowOverlap();
+
+    // Drag and drop a single floating window node moves it
+    ImGuiDockNode* node = docked_window ? docked_window->DockNode : NULL;
+    const bool single_floating_window_node = node && node->IsFloatingNode() && (node->Windows.Size == 1);
+    if (held && single_floating_window_node && IsMouseDragging(0, 0.0f))
+    {
+        // Move
+        StartMouseMovingWindow(docked_window);
+    }
+    else if (held && !tab_appearing && IsMouseDragging(0))
+    {
+        // Drag and drop: re-order tabs
+        int drag_dir = 0;
+        float drag_distance_from_edge_x = 0.0f;
+        if (!g.DragDropActive && ((tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_Reorderable) || (docked_window != NULL)))
+        {
+            // While moving a tab it will jump on the other side of the mouse, so we also test for MouseDelta.x
+            if (g.IO.MouseDelta.x < 0.0f && g.IO.MousePos.x < bb.Min.x)
+            {
+                drag_dir = -1;
+                drag_distance_from_edge_x = bb.Min.x - g.IO.MousePos.x;
+                TabBarQueueReorderFromMousePos(tab_bar, tab, g.IO.MousePos);
+            }
+            else if (g.IO.MouseDelta.x > 0.0f && g.IO.MousePos.x > bb.Max.x)
+            {
+                drag_dir = +1;
+                drag_distance_from_edge_x = g.IO.MousePos.x - bb.Max.x;
+                TabBarQueueReorderFromMousePos(tab_bar, tab, g.IO.MousePos);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Extract a Dockable window out of it's tab bar
+        if (docked_window != NULL && !(docked_window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove))
+        {
+            // We use a variable threshold to distinguish dragging tabs within a tab bar and extracting them out of the tab bar
+            bool undocking_tab = (g.DragDropActive && g.DragDropPayload.SourceId == id);
+            if (!undocking_tab) //&& (!g.IO.ConfigDockingWithShift || g.IO.KeyShift)
+            {
+                float threshold_base = g.FontSize;
+                float threshold_x = (threshold_base * 2.2f);
+                float threshold_y = (threshold_base * 1.5f) + ImClamp((ImFabs(g.IO.MouseDragMaxDistanceAbs[0].x) - threshold_base * 2.0f) * 0.20f, 0.0f, threshold_base * 4.0f);
+                //GetForegroundDrawList()->AddRect(ImVec2(bb.Min.x - threshold_x, bb.Min.y - threshold_y), ImVec2(bb.Max.x + threshold_x, bb.Max.y + threshold_y), IM_COL32_WHITE); // [DEBUG]
+
+                float distance_from_edge_y = ImMax(bb.Min.y - g.IO.MousePos.y, g.IO.MousePos.y - bb.Max.y);
+                if (distance_from_edge_y >= threshold_y)
+                    undocking_tab = true;
+                if (drag_distance_from_edge_x > threshold_x)
+                    if ((drag_dir < 0 && TabBarGetTabOrder(tab_bar, tab) == 0) || (drag_dir > 0 && TabBarGetTabOrder(tab_bar, tab) == tab_bar->Tabs.Size - 1))
+                        undocking_tab = true;
+            }
+
+            if (undocking_tab)
+            {
+                // Undock
+                // FIXME: refactor to share more code with e.g. StartMouseMovingWindow
+                DockContextQueueUndockWindow(&g, docked_window);
+                g.MovingWindow = docked_window;
+                SetActiveID(g.MovingWindow->MoveId, g.MovingWindow);
+                g.ActiveIdClickOffset -= g.MovingWindow->Pos - bb.Min;
+                g.ActiveIdNoClearOnFocusLoss = true;
+                SetActiveIdUsingAllKeyboardKeys();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#if 0
+    if (hovered && g.HoveredIdNotActiveTimer > TOOLTIP_DELAY && bb.GetWidth() < tab->ContentWidth)
+    {
+        // Enlarge tab display when hovering
+        bb.Max.x = bb.Min.x + IM_FLOOR(ImLerp(bb.GetWidth(), tab->ContentWidth, ImSaturate((g.HoveredIdNotActiveTimer - 0.40f) * 6.0f)));
+        display_draw_list = GetForegroundDrawList(window);
+        TabItemBackground(display_draw_list, bb, flags, GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // Render tab shape
+    ImDrawList* display_draw_list = window->DrawList;
+    const ImU32 tab_col = GetColorU32((held || hovered) ? ImGuiCol_TabHovered : tab_contents_visible ? (tab_bar_focused ? ImGuiCol_TabActive : ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive) : (tab_bar_focused ? ImGuiCol_Tab : ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused));
+    TabItemBackground(display_draw_list, bb, flags, tab_col);
+    RenderNavHighlight(bb, id);
+
+    // Select with right mouse button. This is so the common idiom for context menu automatically highlight the current widget.
+    const bool hovered_unblocked = IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_AllowWhenBlockedByPopup);
+    if (hovered_unblocked && (IsMouseClicked(1) || IsMouseReleased(1)) && !is_tab_button)
+        TabBarQueueFocus(tab_bar, tab);
+
+    if (tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton)
+        flags |= ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton;
+
+    // Render tab label, process close button
+    const ImGuiID close_button_id = p_open ? GetIDWithSeed("#CLOSE", NULL, docked_window ? docked_window->ID : id) : 0;
+    bool just_closed;
+    bool text_clipped;
+    TabItemLabelAndCloseButton(display_draw_list, bb, tab_just_unsaved ? (flags & ~ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument) : flags, tab_bar->FramePadding, label, id, close_button_id, tab_contents_visible, &just_closed, &text_clipped);
+    if (just_closed && p_open != NULL)
+    {
+        *p_open = false;
+        TabBarCloseTab(tab_bar, tab);
+    }
+
+    // Forward Hovered state so IsItemHovered() after Begin() can work (even though we are technically hovering our parent)
+    // That state is copied to window->DockTabItemStatusFlags by our caller.
+    if (docked_window && (hovered || g.HoveredId == close_button_id))
+        g.LastItemData.StatusFlags |= ImGuiItemStatusFlags_HoveredWindow;
+
+    // Restore main window position so user can draw there
+    if (want_clip_rect)
+        PopClipRect();
+    window->DC.CursorPos = backup_main_cursor_pos;
+
+    // Tooltip
+    // (Won't work over the close button because ItemOverlap systems messes up with HoveredIdTimer-> seems ok)
+    // (We test IsItemHovered() to discard e.g. when another item is active or drag and drop over the tab bar, which g.HoveredId ignores)
+    // FIXME: This is a mess.
+    // FIXME: We may want disabled tab to still display the tooltip?
+    if (text_clipped && g.HoveredId == id && !held)
+        if (!(tab_bar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoTooltip) && !(tab->Flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoTooltip))
+            if (IsItemHovered(ImGuiHoveredFlags_DelayNormal))
+                SetTooltip("%.*s", (int)(FindRenderedTextEnd(label) - label), label);
+
+    IM_ASSERT(!is_tab_button || !(tab_bar->SelectedTabId == tab->ID && is_tab_button)); // TabItemButton should not be selected
+    if (is_tab_button)
+        return pressed;
+    return tab_contents_visible;
+}
+
+// [Public] This is call is 100% optional but it allows to remove some one-frame glitches when a tab has been unexpectedly removed.
+// To use it to need to call the function SetTabItemClosed() between BeginTabBar() and EndTabBar().
+// Tabs closed by the close button will automatically be flagged to avoid this issue.
+void    ImGui::SetTabItemClosed(const char* label)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    bool is_within_manual_tab_bar = g.CurrentTabBar && !(g.CurrentTabBar->Flags & ImGuiTabBarFlags_DockNode);
+    if (is_within_manual_tab_bar)
+    {
+        ImGuiTabBar* tab_bar = g.CurrentTabBar;
+        ImGuiID tab_id = TabBarCalcTabID(tab_bar, label, NULL);
+        if (ImGuiTabItem* tab = TabBarFindTabByID(tab_bar, tab_id))
+            tab->WantClose = true; // Will be processed by next call to TabBarLayout()
+    }
+    else if (ImGuiWindow* window = FindWindowByName(label))
+    {
+        if (window->DockIsActive)
+            if (ImGuiDockNode* node = window->DockNode)
+            {
+                ImGuiID tab_id = TabBarCalcTabID(node->TabBar, label, window);
+                TabBarRemoveTab(node->TabBar, tab_id);
+                window->DockTabWantClose = true;
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::TabItemCalcSize(const char* label, bool has_close_button_or_unsaved_marker)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+    ImVec2 size = ImVec2(label_size.x + g.Style.FramePadding.x, label_size.y + g.Style.FramePadding.y * 2.0f);
+    if (has_close_button_or_unsaved_marker)
+        size.x += g.Style.FramePadding.x + (g.Style.ItemInnerSpacing.x + g.FontSize); // We use Y intentionally to fit the close button circle.
+    else
+        size.x += g.Style.FramePadding.x + 1.0f;
+    return ImVec2(ImMin(size.x, TabBarCalcMaxTabWidth()), size.y);
+}
+
+ImVec2 ImGui::TabItemCalcSize(ImGuiWindow* window)
+{
+    return TabItemCalcSize(window->Name, window->HasCloseButton || (window->Flags & ImGuiWindowFlags_UnsavedDocument));
+}
+
+void ImGui::TabItemBackground(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& bb, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags, ImU32 col)
+{
+    // While rendering tabs, we trim 1 pixel off the top of our bounding box so they can fit within a regular frame height while looking "detached" from it.
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    const float width = bb.GetWidth();
+    IM_UNUSED(flags);
+    IM_ASSERT(width > 0.0f);
+    const float rounding = ImMax(0.0f, ImMin((flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Button) ? g.Style.FrameRounding : g.Style.TabRounding, width * 0.5f - 1.0f));
+    const float y1 = bb.Min.y + 1.0f;
+    const float y2 = bb.Max.y + ((flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_Preview) ? 0.0f : -1.0f);
+    draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(bb.Min.x, y2));
+    draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(bb.Min.x + rounding, y1 + rounding), rounding, 6, 9);
+    draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(bb.Max.x - rounding, y1 + rounding), rounding, 9, 12);
+    draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(bb.Max.x, y2));
+    draw_list->PathFillConvex(col);
+    if (g.Style.TabBorderSize > 0.0f)
+    {
+        draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(bb.Min.x + 0.5f, y2));
+        draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(bb.Min.x + rounding + 0.5f, y1 + rounding + 0.5f), rounding, 6, 9);
+        draw_list->PathArcToFast(ImVec2(bb.Max.x - rounding - 0.5f, y1 + rounding + 0.5f), rounding, 9, 12);
+        draw_list->PathLineTo(ImVec2(bb.Max.x - 0.5f, y2));
+        draw_list->PathStroke(GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Border), 0, g.Style.TabBorderSize);
+    }
+}
+
+// Render text label (with custom clipping) + Unsaved Document marker + Close Button logic
+// We tend to lock style.FramePadding for a given tab-bar, hence the 'frame_padding' parameter.
+void ImGui::TabItemLabelAndCloseButton(ImDrawList* draw_list, const ImRect& bb, ImGuiTabItemFlags flags, ImVec2 frame_padding, const char* label, ImGuiID tab_id, ImGuiID close_button_id, bool is_contents_visible, bool* out_just_closed, bool* out_text_clipped)
+{
+    ImGuiContext& g = *GImGui;
+    ImVec2 label_size = CalcTextSize(label, NULL, true);
+
+    if (out_just_closed)
+        *out_just_closed = false;
+    if (out_text_clipped)
+        *out_text_clipped = false;
+
+    if (bb.GetWidth() <= 1.0f)
+        return;
+
+    // In Style V2 we'll have full override of all colors per state (e.g. focused, selected)
+    // But right now if you want to alter text color of tabs this is what you need to do.
+#if 0
+    const float backup_alpha = g.Style.Alpha;
+    if (!is_contents_visible)
+        g.Style.Alpha *= 0.7f;
+#endif
+
+    // Render text label (with clipping + alpha gradient) + unsaved marker
+    ImRect text_pixel_clip_bb(bb.Min.x + frame_padding.x, bb.Min.y + frame_padding.y, bb.Max.x - frame_padding.x, bb.Max.y);
+    ImRect text_ellipsis_clip_bb = text_pixel_clip_bb;
+
+    // Return clipped state ignoring the close button
+    if (out_text_clipped)
+    {
+        *out_text_clipped = (text_ellipsis_clip_bb.Min.x + label_size.x) > text_pixel_clip_bb.Max.x;
+        //draw_list->AddCircle(text_ellipsis_clip_bb.Min, 3.0f, *out_text_clipped ? IM_COL32(255, 0, 0, 255) : IM_COL32(0, 255, 0, 255));
+    }
+
+    const float button_sz = g.FontSize;
+    const ImVec2 button_pos(ImMax(bb.Min.x, bb.Max.x - frame_padding.x * 2.0f - button_sz), bb.Min.y);
+
+    // Close Button & Unsaved Marker
+    // We are relying on a subtle and confusing distinction between 'hovered' and 'g.HoveredId' which happens because we are using ImGuiButtonFlags_AllowOverlapMode + SetItemAllowOverlap()
+    //  'hovered' will be true when hovering the Tab but NOT when hovering the close button
+    //  'g.HoveredId==id' will be true when hovering the Tab including when hovering the close button
+    //  'g.ActiveId==close_button_id' will be true when we are holding on the close button, in which case both hovered booleans are false
+    bool close_button_pressed = false;
+    bool close_button_visible = false;
+    if (close_button_id != 0)
+        if (is_contents_visible || bb.GetWidth() >= ImMax(button_sz, g.Style.TabMinWidthForCloseButton))
+            if (g.HoveredId == tab_id || g.HoveredId == close_button_id || g.ActiveId == tab_id || g.ActiveId == close_button_id)
+                close_button_visible = true;
+    bool unsaved_marker_visible = (flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_UnsavedDocument) != 0 && (button_pos.x + button_sz <= bb.Max.x);
+
+    if (close_button_visible)
+    {
+        ImGuiLastItemData last_item_backup = g.LastItemData;
+        PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_FramePadding, frame_padding);
+        if (CloseButton(close_button_id, button_pos))
+            close_button_pressed = true;
+        PopStyleVar();
+        g.LastItemData = last_item_backup;
+
+        // Close with middle mouse button
+        if (!(flags & ImGuiTabItemFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton) && IsMouseClicked(2))
+            close_button_pressed = true;
+    }
+    else if (unsaved_marker_visible)
+    {
+        const ImRect bullet_bb(button_pos, button_pos + ImVec2(button_sz, button_sz) + g.Style.FramePadding * 2.0f);
+        RenderBullet(draw_list, bullet_bb.GetCenter(), GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_Text));
+    }
+
+    // This is all rather complicated
+    // (the main idea is that because the close button only appears on hover, we don't want it to alter the ellipsis position)
+    // FIXME: if FramePadding is noticeably large, ellipsis_max_x will be wrong here (e.g. #3497), maybe for consistency that parameter of RenderTextEllipsis() shouldn't exist..
+    float ellipsis_max_x = close_button_visible ? text_pixel_clip_bb.Max.x : bb.Max.x - 1.0f;
+    if (close_button_visible || unsaved_marker_visible)
+    {
+        text_pixel_clip_bb.Max.x -= close_button_visible ? (button_sz) : (button_sz * 0.80f);
+        text_ellipsis_clip_bb.Max.x -= unsaved_marker_visible ? (button_sz * 0.80f) : 0.0f;
+        ellipsis_max_x = text_pixel_clip_bb.Max.x;
+    }
+    RenderTextEllipsis(draw_list, text_ellipsis_clip_bb.Min, text_ellipsis_clip_bb.Max, text_pixel_clip_bb.Max.x, ellipsis_max_x, label, NULL, &label_size);
+
+#if 0
+    if (!is_contents_visible)
+        g.Style.Alpha = backup_alpha;
+#endif
+
+    if (out_just_closed)
+        *out_just_closed = close_button_pressed;
+}
+
+
+#endif // #ifndef IMGUI_DISABLE
diff --git a/external/imgui/imstb_rectpack.h b/external/imgui/imstb_rectpack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f6917e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imstb_rectpack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,627 @@
+// [DEAR IMGUI]
+// This is a slightly modified version of stb_rect_pack.h 1.01.
+// Grep for [DEAR IMGUI] to find the changes.
+// 
+// stb_rect_pack.h - v1.01 - public domain - rectangle packing
+// Sean Barrett 2014
+//
+// Useful for e.g. packing rectangular textures into an atlas.
+// Does not do rotation.
+//
+// Before #including,
+//
+//    #define STB_RECT_PACK_IMPLEMENTATION
+//
+// in the file that you want to have the implementation.
+//
+// Not necessarily the awesomest packing method, but better than
+// the totally naive one in stb_truetype (which is primarily what
+// this is meant to replace).
+//
+// Has only had a few tests run, may have issues.
+//
+// More docs to come.
+//
+// No memory allocations; uses qsort() and assert() from stdlib.
+// Can override those by defining STBRP_SORT and STBRP_ASSERT.
+//
+// This library currently uses the Skyline Bottom-Left algorithm.
+//
+// Please note: better rectangle packers are welcome! Please
+// implement them to the same API, but with a different init
+// function.
+//
+// Credits
+//
+//  Library
+//    Sean Barrett
+//  Minor features
+//    Martins Mozeiko
+//    github:IntellectualKitty
+//
+//  Bugfixes / warning fixes
+//    Jeremy Jaussaud
+//    Fabian Giesen
+//
+// Version history:
+//
+//     1.01  (2021-07-11)  always use large rect mode, expose STBRP__MAXVAL in public section
+//     1.00  (2019-02-25)  avoid small space waste; gracefully fail too-wide rectangles
+//     0.99  (2019-02-07)  warning fixes
+//     0.11  (2017-03-03)  return packing success/fail result
+//     0.10  (2016-10-25)  remove cast-away-const to avoid warnings
+//     0.09  (2016-08-27)  fix compiler warnings
+//     0.08  (2015-09-13)  really fix bug with empty rects (w=0 or h=0)
+//     0.07  (2015-09-13)  fix bug with empty rects (w=0 or h=0)
+//     0.06  (2015-04-15)  added STBRP_SORT to allow replacing qsort
+//     0.05:  added STBRP_ASSERT to allow replacing assert
+//     0.04:  fixed minor bug in STBRP_LARGE_RECTS support
+//     0.01:  initial release
+//
+// LICENSE
+//
+//   See end of file for license information.
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//       INCLUDE SECTION
+//
+
+#ifndef STB_INCLUDE_STB_RECT_PACK_H
+#define STB_INCLUDE_STB_RECT_PACK_H
+
+#define STB_RECT_PACK_VERSION  1
+
+#ifdef STBRP_STATIC
+#define STBRP_DEF static
+#else
+#define STBRP_DEF extern
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+typedef struct stbrp_context stbrp_context;
+typedef struct stbrp_node    stbrp_node;
+typedef struct stbrp_rect    stbrp_rect;
+
+typedef int            stbrp_coord;
+
+#define STBRP__MAXVAL  0x7fffffff
+// Mostly for internal use, but this is the maximum supported coordinate value.
+
+STBRP_DEF int stbrp_pack_rects (stbrp_context *context, stbrp_rect *rects, int num_rects);
+// Assign packed locations to rectangles. The rectangles are of type
+// 'stbrp_rect' defined below, stored in the array 'rects', and there
+// are 'num_rects' many of them.
+//
+// Rectangles which are successfully packed have the 'was_packed' flag
+// set to a non-zero value and 'x' and 'y' store the minimum location
+// on each axis (i.e. bottom-left in cartesian coordinates, top-left
+// if you imagine y increasing downwards). Rectangles which do not fit
+// have the 'was_packed' flag set to 0.
+//
+// You should not try to access the 'rects' array from another thread
+// while this function is running, as the function temporarily reorders
+// the array while it executes.
+//
+// To pack into another rectangle, you need to call stbrp_init_target
+// again. To continue packing into the same rectangle, you can call
+// this function again. Calling this multiple times with multiple rect
+// arrays will probably produce worse packing results than calling it
+// a single time with the full rectangle array, but the option is
+// available.
+//
+// The function returns 1 if all of the rectangles were successfully
+// packed and 0 otherwise.
+
+struct stbrp_rect
+{
+   // reserved for your use:
+   int            id;
+
+   // input:
+   stbrp_coord    w, h;
+
+   // output:
+   stbrp_coord    x, y;
+   int            was_packed;  // non-zero if valid packing
+
+}; // 16 bytes, nominally
+
+
+STBRP_DEF void stbrp_init_target (stbrp_context *context, int width, int height, stbrp_node *nodes, int num_nodes);
+// Initialize a rectangle packer to:
+//    pack a rectangle that is 'width' by 'height' in dimensions
+//    using temporary storage provided by the array 'nodes', which is 'num_nodes' long
+//
+// You must call this function every time you start packing into a new target.
+//
+// There is no "shutdown" function. The 'nodes' memory must stay valid for
+// the following stbrp_pack_rects() call (or calls), but can be freed after
+// the call (or calls) finish.
+//
+// Note: to guarantee best results, either:
+//       1. make sure 'num_nodes' >= 'width'
+//   or  2. call stbrp_allow_out_of_mem() defined below with 'allow_out_of_mem = 1'
+//
+// If you don't do either of the above things, widths will be quantized to multiples
+// of small integers to guarantee the algorithm doesn't run out of temporary storage.
+//
+// If you do #2, then the non-quantized algorithm will be used, but the algorithm
+// may run out of temporary storage and be unable to pack some rectangles.
+
+STBRP_DEF void stbrp_setup_allow_out_of_mem (stbrp_context *context, int allow_out_of_mem);
+// Optionally call this function after init but before doing any packing to
+// change the handling of the out-of-temp-memory scenario, described above.
+// If you call init again, this will be reset to the default (false).
+
+
+STBRP_DEF void stbrp_setup_heuristic (stbrp_context *context, int heuristic);
+// Optionally select which packing heuristic the library should use. Different
+// heuristics will produce better/worse results for different data sets.
+// If you call init again, this will be reset to the default.
+
+enum
+{
+   STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_default=0,
+   STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_BL_sortHeight = STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_default,
+   STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_BF_sortHeight
+};
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// the details of the following structures don't matter to you, but they must
+// be visible so you can handle the memory allocations for them
+
+struct stbrp_node
+{
+   stbrp_coord  x,y;
+   stbrp_node  *next;
+};
+
+struct stbrp_context
+{
+   int width;
+   int height;
+   int align;
+   int init_mode;
+   int heuristic;
+   int num_nodes;
+   stbrp_node *active_head;
+   stbrp_node *free_head;
+   stbrp_node extra[2]; // we allocate two extra nodes so optimal user-node-count is 'width' not 'width+2'
+};
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//     IMPLEMENTATION SECTION
+//
+
+#ifdef STB_RECT_PACK_IMPLEMENTATION
+#ifndef STBRP_SORT
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#define STBRP_SORT qsort
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBRP_ASSERT
+#include <assert.h>
+#define STBRP_ASSERT assert
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define STBRP__NOTUSED(v)  (void)(v)
+#define STBRP__CDECL       __cdecl
+#else
+#define STBRP__NOTUSED(v)  (void)sizeof(v)
+#define STBRP__CDECL
+#endif
+
+enum
+{
+   STBRP__INIT_skyline = 1
+};
+
+STBRP_DEF void stbrp_setup_heuristic(stbrp_context *context, int heuristic)
+{
+   switch (context->init_mode) {
+      case STBRP__INIT_skyline:
+         STBRP_ASSERT(heuristic == STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_BL_sortHeight || heuristic == STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_BF_sortHeight);
+         context->heuristic = heuristic;
+         break;
+      default:
+         STBRP_ASSERT(0);
+   }
+}
+
+STBRP_DEF void stbrp_setup_allow_out_of_mem(stbrp_context *context, int allow_out_of_mem)
+{
+   if (allow_out_of_mem)
+      // if it's ok to run out of memory, then don't bother aligning them;
+      // this gives better packing, but may fail due to OOM (even though
+      // the rectangles easily fit). @TODO a smarter approach would be to only
+      // quantize once we've hit OOM, then we could get rid of this parameter.
+      context->align = 1;
+   else {
+      // if it's not ok to run out of memory, then quantize the widths
+      // so that num_nodes is always enough nodes.
+      //
+      // I.e. num_nodes * align >= width
+      //                  align >= width / num_nodes
+      //                  align = ceil(width/num_nodes)
+
+      context->align = (context->width + context->num_nodes-1) / context->num_nodes;
+   }
+}
+
+STBRP_DEF void stbrp_init_target(stbrp_context *context, int width, int height, stbrp_node *nodes, int num_nodes)
+{
+   int i;
+
+   for (i=0; i < num_nodes-1; ++i)
+      nodes[i].next = &nodes[i+1];
+   nodes[i].next = NULL;
+   context->init_mode = STBRP__INIT_skyline;
+   context->heuristic = STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_default;
+   context->free_head = &nodes[0];
+   context->active_head = &context->extra[0];
+   context->width = width;
+   context->height = height;
+   context->num_nodes = num_nodes;
+   stbrp_setup_allow_out_of_mem(context, 0);
+
+   // node 0 is the full width, node 1 is the sentinel (lets us not store width explicitly)
+   context->extra[0].x = 0;
+   context->extra[0].y = 0;
+   context->extra[0].next = &context->extra[1];
+   context->extra[1].x = (stbrp_coord) width;
+   context->extra[1].y = (1<<30);
+   context->extra[1].next = NULL;
+}
+
+// find minimum y position if it starts at x1
+static int stbrp__skyline_find_min_y(stbrp_context *c, stbrp_node *first, int x0, int width, int *pwaste)
+{
+   stbrp_node *node = first;
+   int x1 = x0 + width;
+   int min_y, visited_width, waste_area;
+
+   STBRP__NOTUSED(c);
+
+   STBRP_ASSERT(first->x <= x0);
+
+   #if 0
+   // skip in case we're past the node
+   while (node->next->x <= x0)
+      ++node;
+   #else
+   STBRP_ASSERT(node->next->x > x0); // we ended up handling this in the caller for efficiency
+   #endif
+
+   STBRP_ASSERT(node->x <= x0);
+
+   min_y = 0;
+   waste_area = 0;
+   visited_width = 0;
+   while (node->x < x1) {
+      if (node->y > min_y) {
+         // raise min_y higher.
+         // we've accounted for all waste up to min_y,
+         // but we'll now add more waste for everything we've visted
+         waste_area += visited_width * (node->y - min_y);
+         min_y = node->y;
+         // the first time through, visited_width might be reduced
+         if (node->x < x0)
+            visited_width += node->next->x - x0;
+         else
+            visited_width += node->next->x - node->x;
+      } else {
+         // add waste area
+         int under_width = node->next->x - node->x;
+         if (under_width + visited_width > width)
+            under_width = width - visited_width;
+         waste_area += under_width * (min_y - node->y);
+         visited_width += under_width;
+      }
+      node = node->next;
+   }
+
+   *pwaste = waste_area;
+   return min_y;
+}
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   int x,y;
+   stbrp_node **prev_link;
+} stbrp__findresult;
+
+static stbrp__findresult stbrp__skyline_find_best_pos(stbrp_context *c, int width, int height)
+{
+   int best_waste = (1<<30), best_x, best_y = (1 << 30);
+   stbrp__findresult fr;
+   stbrp_node **prev, *node, *tail, **best = NULL;
+
+   // align to multiple of c->align
+   width = (width + c->align - 1);
+   width -= width % c->align;
+   STBRP_ASSERT(width % c->align == 0);
+
+   // if it can't possibly fit, bail immediately
+   if (width > c->width || height > c->height) {
+      fr.prev_link = NULL;
+      fr.x = fr.y = 0;
+      return fr;
+   }
+
+   node = c->active_head;
+   prev = &c->active_head;
+   while (node->x + width <= c->width) {
+      int y,waste;
+      y = stbrp__skyline_find_min_y(c, node, node->x, width, &waste);
+      if (c->heuristic == STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_BL_sortHeight) { // actually just want to test BL
+         // bottom left
+         if (y < best_y) {
+            best_y = y;
+            best = prev;
+         }
+      } else {
+         // best-fit
+         if (y + height <= c->height) {
+            // can only use it if it first vertically
+            if (y < best_y || (y == best_y && waste < best_waste)) {
+               best_y = y;
+               best_waste = waste;
+               best = prev;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      prev = &node->next;
+      node = node->next;
+   }
+
+   best_x = (best == NULL) ? 0 : (*best)->x;
+
+   // if doing best-fit (BF), we also have to try aligning right edge to each node position
+   //
+   // e.g, if fitting
+   //
+   //     ____________________
+   //    |____________________|
+   //
+   //            into
+   //
+   //   |                         |
+   //   |             ____________|
+   //   |____________|
+   //
+   // then right-aligned reduces waste, but bottom-left BL is always chooses left-aligned
+   //
+   // This makes BF take about 2x the time
+
+   if (c->heuristic == STBRP_HEURISTIC_Skyline_BF_sortHeight) {
+      tail = c->active_head;
+      node = c->active_head;
+      prev = &c->active_head;
+      // find first node that's admissible
+      while (tail->x < width)
+         tail = tail->next;
+      while (tail) {
+         int xpos = tail->x - width;
+         int y,waste;
+         STBRP_ASSERT(xpos >= 0);
+         // find the left position that matches this
+         while (node->next->x <= xpos) {
+            prev = &node->next;
+            node = node->next;
+         }
+         STBRP_ASSERT(node->next->x > xpos && node->x <= xpos);
+         y = stbrp__skyline_find_min_y(c, node, xpos, width, &waste);
+         if (y + height <= c->height) {
+            if (y <= best_y) {
+               if (y < best_y || waste < best_waste || (waste==best_waste && xpos < best_x)) {
+                  best_x = xpos;
+                  //STBRP_ASSERT(y <= best_y); [DEAR IMGUI]
+                  best_y = y;
+                  best_waste = waste;
+                  best = prev;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         tail = tail->next;
+      }
+   }
+
+   fr.prev_link = best;
+   fr.x = best_x;
+   fr.y = best_y;
+   return fr;
+}
+
+static stbrp__findresult stbrp__skyline_pack_rectangle(stbrp_context *context, int width, int height)
+{
+   // find best position according to heuristic
+   stbrp__findresult res = stbrp__skyline_find_best_pos(context, width, height);
+   stbrp_node *node, *cur;
+
+   // bail if:
+   //    1. it failed
+   //    2. the best node doesn't fit (we don't always check this)
+   //    3. we're out of memory
+   if (res.prev_link == NULL || res.y + height > context->height || context->free_head == NULL) {
+      res.prev_link = NULL;
+      return res;
+   }
+
+   // on success, create new node
+   node = context->free_head;
+   node->x = (stbrp_coord) res.x;
+   node->y = (stbrp_coord) (res.y + height);
+
+   context->free_head = node->next;
+
+   // insert the new node into the right starting point, and
+   // let 'cur' point to the remaining nodes needing to be
+   // stiched back in
+
+   cur = *res.prev_link;
+   if (cur->x < res.x) {
+      // preserve the existing one, so start testing with the next one
+      stbrp_node *next = cur->next;
+      cur->next = node;
+      cur = next;
+   } else {
+      *res.prev_link = node;
+   }
+
+   // from here, traverse cur and free the nodes, until we get to one
+   // that shouldn't be freed
+   while (cur->next && cur->next->x <= res.x + width) {
+      stbrp_node *next = cur->next;
+      // move the current node to the free list
+      cur->next = context->free_head;
+      context->free_head = cur;
+      cur = next;
+   }
+
+   // stitch the list back in
+   node->next = cur;
+
+   if (cur->x < res.x + width)
+      cur->x = (stbrp_coord) (res.x + width);
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+   cur = context->active_head;
+   while (cur->x < context->width) {
+      STBRP_ASSERT(cur->x < cur->next->x);
+      cur = cur->next;
+   }
+   STBRP_ASSERT(cur->next == NULL);
+
+   {
+      int count=0;
+      cur = context->active_head;
+      while (cur) {
+         cur = cur->next;
+         ++count;
+      }
+      cur = context->free_head;
+      while (cur) {
+         cur = cur->next;
+         ++count;
+      }
+      STBRP_ASSERT(count == context->num_nodes+2);
+   }
+#endif
+
+   return res;
+}
+
+static int STBRP__CDECL rect_height_compare(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+   const stbrp_rect *p = (const stbrp_rect *) a;
+   const stbrp_rect *q = (const stbrp_rect *) b;
+   if (p->h > q->h)
+      return -1;
+   if (p->h < q->h)
+      return  1;
+   return (p->w > q->w) ? -1 : (p->w < q->w);
+}
+
+static int STBRP__CDECL rect_original_order(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+   const stbrp_rect *p = (const stbrp_rect *) a;
+   const stbrp_rect *q = (const stbrp_rect *) b;
+   return (p->was_packed < q->was_packed) ? -1 : (p->was_packed > q->was_packed);
+}
+
+STBRP_DEF int stbrp_pack_rects(stbrp_context *context, stbrp_rect *rects, int num_rects)
+{
+   int i, all_rects_packed = 1;
+
+   // we use the 'was_packed' field internally to allow sorting/unsorting
+   for (i=0; i < num_rects; ++i) {
+      rects[i].was_packed = i;
+   }
+
+   // sort according to heuristic
+   STBRP_SORT(rects, num_rects, sizeof(rects[0]), rect_height_compare);
+
+   for (i=0; i < num_rects; ++i) {
+      if (rects[i].w == 0 || rects[i].h == 0) {
+         rects[i].x = rects[i].y = 0;  // empty rect needs no space
+      } else {
+         stbrp__findresult fr = stbrp__skyline_pack_rectangle(context, rects[i].w, rects[i].h);
+         if (fr.prev_link) {
+            rects[i].x = (stbrp_coord) fr.x;
+            rects[i].y = (stbrp_coord) fr.y;
+         } else {
+            rects[i].x = rects[i].y = STBRP__MAXVAL;
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   // unsort
+   STBRP_SORT(rects, num_rects, sizeof(rects[0]), rect_original_order);
+
+   // set was_packed flags and all_rects_packed status
+   for (i=0; i < num_rects; ++i) {
+      rects[i].was_packed = !(rects[i].x == STBRP__MAXVAL && rects[i].y == STBRP__MAXVAL);
+      if (!rects[i].was_packed)
+         all_rects_packed = 0;
+   }
+
+   // return the all_rects_packed status
+   return all_rects_packed;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This software is available under 2 licenses -- choose whichever you prefer.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE A - MIT License
+Copyright (c) 2017 Sean Barrett
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE B - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
+software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
+commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
+software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
+domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
+the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
+overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
+this software under copyright law.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
diff --git a/external/imgui/imstb_textedit.h b/external/imgui/imstb_textedit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8a8231
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imstb_textedit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1437 @@
+// [DEAR IMGUI]
+// This is a slightly modified version of stb_textedit.h 1.14.
+// Those changes would need to be pushed into nothings/stb:
+// - Fix in stb_textedit_discard_redo (see https://github.com/nothings/stb/issues/321)
+// - Fix in stb_textedit_find_charpos to handle last line (see https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/6000)
+// Grep for [DEAR IMGUI] to find the changes.
+
+// stb_textedit.h - v1.14  - public domain - Sean Barrett
+// Development of this library was sponsored by RAD Game Tools
+//
+// This C header file implements the guts of a multi-line text-editing
+// widget; you implement display, word-wrapping, and low-level string
+// insertion/deletion, and stb_textedit will map user inputs into
+// insertions & deletions, plus updates to the cursor position,
+// selection state, and undo state.
+//
+// It is intended for use in games and other systems that need to build
+// their own custom widgets and which do not have heavy text-editing
+// requirements (this library is not recommended for use for editing large
+// texts, as its performance does not scale and it has limited undo).
+//
+// Non-trivial behaviors are modelled after Windows text controls.
+//
+//
+// LICENSE
+//
+// See end of file for license information.
+//
+//
+// DEPENDENCIES
+//
+// Uses the C runtime function 'memmove', which you can override
+// by defining STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove before the implementation.
+// Uses no other functions. Performs no runtime allocations.
+//
+//
+// VERSION HISTORY
+//
+//   1.14 (2021-07-11) page up/down, various fixes
+//   1.13 (2019-02-07) fix bug in undo size management
+//   1.12 (2018-01-29) user can change STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTYPE, fix redo to avoid crash
+//   1.11 (2017-03-03) fix HOME on last line, dragging off single-line textfield
+//   1.10 (2016-10-25) supress warnings about casting away const with -Wcast-qual
+//   1.9  (2016-08-27) customizable move-by-word
+//   1.8  (2016-04-02) better keyboard handling when mouse button is down
+//   1.7  (2015-09-13) change y range handling in case baseline is non-0
+//   1.6  (2015-04-15) allow STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove
+//   1.5  (2014-09-10) add support for secondary keys for OS X
+//   1.4  (2014-08-17) fix signed/unsigned warnings
+//   1.3  (2014-06-19) fix mouse clicking to round to nearest char boundary
+//   1.2  (2014-05-27) fix some RAD types that had crept into the new code
+//   1.1  (2013-12-15) move-by-word (requires STB_TEXTEDIT_IS_SPACE )
+//   1.0  (2012-07-26) improve documentation, initial public release
+//   0.3  (2012-02-24) bugfixes, single-line mode; insert mode
+//   0.2  (2011-11-28) fixes to undo/redo
+//   0.1  (2010-07-08) initial version
+//
+// ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTORS
+//
+//   Ulf Winklemann: move-by-word in 1.1
+//   Fabian Giesen: secondary key inputs in 1.5
+//   Martins Mozeiko: STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove in 1.6
+//   Louis Schnellbach: page up/down in 1.14
+//
+//   Bugfixes:
+//      Scott Graham
+//      Daniel Keller
+//      Omar Cornut
+//      Dan Thompson
+//
+// USAGE
+//
+// This file behaves differently depending on what symbols you define
+// before including it.
+//
+//
+// Header-file mode:
+//
+//   If you do not define STB_TEXTEDIT_IMPLEMENTATION before including this,
+//   it will operate in "header file" mode. In this mode, it declares a
+//   single public symbol, STB_TexteditState, which encapsulates the current
+//   state of a text widget (except for the string, which you will store
+//   separately).
+//
+//   To compile in this mode, you must define STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE to a
+//   primitive type that defines a single character (e.g. char, wchar_t, etc).
+//
+//   To save space or increase undo-ability, you can optionally define the
+//   following things that are used by the undo system:
+//
+//      STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE         small int type encoding a valid cursor position
+//      STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT       the number of undo states to allow
+//      STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT        the number of characters to store in the undo buffer
+//
+//   If you don't define these, they are set to permissive types and
+//   moderate sizes. The undo system does no memory allocations, so
+//   it grows STB_TexteditState by the worst-case storage which is (in bytes):
+//
+//        [4 + 3 * sizeof(STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE)] * STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT
+//      +          sizeof(STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE)      * STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT
+//
+//
+// Implementation mode:
+//
+//   If you define STB_TEXTEDIT_IMPLEMENTATION before including this, it
+//   will compile the implementation of the text edit widget, depending
+//   on a large number of symbols which must be defined before the include.
+//
+//   The implementation is defined only as static functions. You will then
+//   need to provide your own APIs in the same file which will access the
+//   static functions.
+//
+//   The basic concept is that you provide a "string" object which
+//   behaves like an array of characters. stb_textedit uses indices to
+//   refer to positions in the string, implicitly representing positions
+//   in the displayed textedit. This is true for both plain text and
+//   rich text; even with rich text stb_truetype interacts with your
+//   code as if there was an array of all the displayed characters.
+//
+// Symbols that must be the same in header-file and implementation mode:
+//
+//     STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE             the character type
+//     STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE         small type that is a valid cursor position
+//     STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT       the number of undo states to allow
+//     STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT        the number of characters to store in the undo buffer
+//
+// Symbols you must define for implementation mode:
+//
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING               the type of object representing a string being edited,
+//                                      typically this is a wrapper object with other data you need
+//
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(obj)       the length of the string (ideally O(1))
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&r,obj,n)  returns the results of laying out a line of characters
+//                                        starting from character #n (see discussion below)
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH(obj,n,i)    returns the pixel delta from the xpos of the i'th character
+//                                        to the xpos of the i+1'th char for a line of characters
+//                                        starting at character #n (i.e. accounts for kerning
+//                                        with previous char)
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTOTEXT(k)         maps a keyboard input to an insertable character
+//                                        (return type is int, -1 means not valid to insert)
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(obj,i)       returns the i'th character of obj, 0-based
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE              the character returned by _GETCHAR() we recognize
+//                                        as manually wordwrapping for end-of-line positioning
+//
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_DELETECHARS(obj,i,n)      delete n characters starting at i
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(obj,i,c*,n)   insert n characters at i (pointed to by STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE*)
+//
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT       a power of two that is or'd in to a keyboard input to represent the shift key
+//
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LEFT        keyboard input to move cursor left
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT       keyboard input to move cursor right
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UP          keyboard input to move cursor up
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DOWN        keyboard input to move cursor down
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGUP        keyboard input to move cursor up a page
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGDOWN      keyboard input to move cursor down a page
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART   keyboard input to move cursor to start of line  // e.g. HOME
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND     keyboard input to move cursor to end of line    // e.g. END
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART   keyboard input to move cursor to start of text  // e.g. ctrl-HOME
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND     keyboard input to move cursor to end of text    // e.g. ctrl-END
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DELETE      keyboard input to delete selection or character under cursor
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_BACKSPACE   keyboard input to delete selection or character left of cursor
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UNDO        keyboard input to perform undo
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_REDO        keyboard input to perform redo
+//
+// Optional:
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_INSERT              keyboard input to toggle insert mode
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_IS_SPACE(ch)          true if character is whitespace (e.g. 'isspace'),
+//                                          required for default WORDLEFT/WORDRIGHT handlers
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT(obj,i)   custom handler for WORDLEFT, returns index to move cursor to
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT(obj,i)  custom handler for WORDRIGHT, returns index to move cursor to
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT            keyboard input to move cursor left one word // e.g. ctrl-LEFT
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDRIGHT           keyboard input to move cursor right one word // e.g. ctrl-RIGHT
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART2          secondary keyboard input to move cursor to start of line
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND2            secondary keyboard input to move cursor to end of line
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART2          secondary keyboard input to move cursor to start of text
+//    STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND2            secondary keyboard input to move cursor to end of text
+//
+// Keyboard input must be encoded as a single integer value; e.g. a character code
+// and some bitflags that represent shift states. to simplify the interface, SHIFT must
+// be a bitflag, so we can test the shifted state of cursor movements to allow selection,
+// i.e. (STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT|STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT) should be shifted right-arrow.
+//
+// You can encode other things, such as CONTROL or ALT, in additional bits, and
+// then test for their presence in e.g. STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT. For example,
+// my Windows implementations add an additional CONTROL bit, and an additional KEYDOWN
+// bit. Then all of the STB_TEXTEDIT_K_ values bitwise-or in the KEYDOWN bit,
+// and I pass both WM_KEYDOWN and WM_CHAR events to the "key" function in the
+// API below. The control keys will only match WM_KEYDOWN events because of the
+// keydown bit I add, and STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTOTEXT only tests for the KEYDOWN
+// bit so it only decodes WM_CHAR events.
+//
+// STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW returns information about the shape of one displayed
+// row of characters assuming they start on the i'th character--the width and
+// the height and the number of characters consumed. This allows this library
+// to traverse the entire layout incrementally. You need to compute word-wrapping
+// here.
+//
+// Each textfield keeps its own insert mode state, which is not how normal
+// applications work. To keep an app-wide insert mode, update/copy the
+// "insert_mode" field of STB_TexteditState before/after calling API functions.
+//
+// API
+//
+//    void stb_textedit_initialize_state(STB_TexteditState *state, int is_single_line)
+//
+//    void stb_textedit_click(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, float x, float y)
+//    void stb_textedit_drag(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, float x, float y)
+//    int  stb_textedit_cut(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state)
+//    int  stb_textedit_paste(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE *text, int len)
+//    void stb_textedit_key(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, STB_TEXEDIT_KEYTYPE key)
+//
+//    Each of these functions potentially updates the string and updates the
+//    state.
+//
+//      initialize_state:
+//          set the textedit state to a known good default state when initially
+//          constructing the textedit.
+//
+//      click:
+//          call this with the mouse x,y on a mouse down; it will update the cursor
+//          and reset the selection start/end to the cursor point. the x,y must
+//          be relative to the text widget, with (0,0) being the top left.
+//
+//      drag:
+//          call this with the mouse x,y on a mouse drag/up; it will update the
+//          cursor and the selection end point
+//
+//      cut:
+//          call this to delete the current selection; returns true if there was
+//          one. you should FIRST copy the current selection to the system paste buffer.
+//          (To copy, just copy the current selection out of the string yourself.)
+//
+//      paste:
+//          call this to paste text at the current cursor point or over the current
+//          selection if there is one.
+//
+//      key:
+//          call this for keyboard inputs sent to the textfield. you can use it
+//          for "key down" events or for "translated" key events. if you need to
+//          do both (as in Win32), or distinguish Unicode characters from control
+//          inputs, set a high bit to distinguish the two; then you can define the
+//          various definitions like STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LEFT have the is-key-event bit
+//          set, and make STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTOCHAR check that the is-key-event bit is
+//          clear. STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTYPE defaults to int, but you can #define it to
+//          anything other type you wante before including.
+//
+//
+//   When rendering, you can read the cursor position and selection state from
+//   the STB_TexteditState.
+//
+//
+// Notes:
+//
+// This is designed to be usable in IMGUI, so it allows for the possibility of
+// running in an IMGUI that has NOT cached the multi-line layout. For this
+// reason, it provides an interface that is compatible with computing the
+// layout incrementally--we try to make sure we make as few passes through
+// as possible. (For example, to locate the mouse pointer in the text, we
+// could define functions that return the X and Y positions of characters
+// and binary search Y and then X, but if we're doing dynamic layout this
+// will run the layout algorithm many times, so instead we manually search
+// forward in one pass. Similar logic applies to e.g. up-arrow and
+// down-arrow movement.)
+//
+// If it's run in a widget that *has* cached the layout, then this is less
+// efficient, but it's not horrible on modern computers. But you wouldn't
+// want to edit million-line files with it.
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////
+////   Header-file mode
+////
+////
+
+#ifndef INCLUDE_STB_TEXTEDIT_H
+#define INCLUDE_STB_TEXTEDIT_H
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//     STB_TexteditState
+//
+// Definition of STB_TexteditState which you should store
+// per-textfield; it includes cursor position, selection state,
+// and undo state.
+//
+
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT   99
+#endif
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT   999
+#endif
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE        int
+#endif
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE    int
+#endif
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   // private data
+   STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE  where;
+   STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE  insert_length;
+   STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE  delete_length;
+   int                        char_storage;
+} StbUndoRecord;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   // private data
+   StbUndoRecord          undo_rec [STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT];
+   STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE  undo_char[STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT];
+   short undo_point, redo_point;
+   int undo_char_point, redo_char_point;
+} StbUndoState;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   /////////////////////
+   //
+   // public data
+   //
+
+   int cursor;
+   // position of the text cursor within the string
+
+   int select_start;          // selection start point
+   int select_end;
+   // selection start and end point in characters; if equal, no selection.
+   // note that start may be less than or greater than end (e.g. when
+   // dragging the mouse, start is where the initial click was, and you
+   // can drag in either direction)
+
+   unsigned char insert_mode;
+   // each textfield keeps its own insert mode state. to keep an app-wide
+   // insert mode, copy this value in/out of the app state
+
+   int row_count_per_page;
+   // page size in number of row.
+   // this value MUST be set to >0 for pageup or pagedown in multilines documents.
+
+   /////////////////////
+   //
+   // private data
+   //
+   unsigned char cursor_at_end_of_line; // not implemented yet
+   unsigned char initialized;
+   unsigned char has_preferred_x;
+   unsigned char single_line;
+   unsigned char padding1, padding2, padding3;
+   float preferred_x; // this determines where the cursor up/down tries to seek to along x
+   StbUndoState undostate;
+} STB_TexteditState;
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//     StbTexteditRow
+//
+// Result of layout query, used by stb_textedit to determine where
+// the text in each row is.
+
+// result of layout query
+typedef struct
+{
+   float x0,x1;             // starting x location, end x location (allows for align=right, etc)
+   float baseline_y_delta;  // position of baseline relative to previous row's baseline
+   float ymin,ymax;         // height of row above and below baseline
+   int num_chars;
+} StbTexteditRow;
+#endif //INCLUDE_STB_TEXTEDIT_H
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////
+////   Implementation mode
+////
+////
+
+
+// implementation isn't include-guarded, since it might have indirectly
+// included just the "header" portion
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove
+#include <string.h>
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove memmove
+#endif
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//      Mouse input handling
+//
+
+// traverse the layout to locate the nearest character to a display position
+static int stb_text_locate_coord(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, float x, float y)
+{
+   StbTexteditRow r;
+   int n = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+   float base_y = 0, prev_x;
+   int i=0, k;
+
+   r.x0 = r.x1 = 0;
+   r.ymin = r.ymax = 0;
+   r.num_chars = 0;
+
+   // search rows to find one that straddles 'y'
+   while (i < n) {
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&r, str, i);
+      if (r.num_chars <= 0)
+         return n;
+
+      if (i==0 && y < base_y + r.ymin)
+         return 0;
+
+      if (y < base_y + r.ymax)
+         break;
+
+      i += r.num_chars;
+      base_y += r.baseline_y_delta;
+   }
+
+   // below all text, return 'after' last character
+   if (i >= n)
+      return n;
+
+   // check if it's before the beginning of the line
+   if (x < r.x0)
+      return i;
+
+   // check if it's before the end of the line
+   if (x < r.x1) {
+      // search characters in row for one that straddles 'x'
+      prev_x = r.x0;
+      for (k=0; k < r.num_chars; ++k) {
+         float w = STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH(str, i, k);
+         if (x < prev_x+w) {
+            if (x < prev_x+w/2)
+               return k+i;
+            else
+               return k+i+1;
+         }
+         prev_x += w;
+      }
+      // shouldn't happen, but if it does, fall through to end-of-line case
+   }
+
+   // if the last character is a newline, return that. otherwise return 'after' the last character
+   if (STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, i+r.num_chars-1) == STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)
+      return i+r.num_chars-1;
+   else
+      return i+r.num_chars;
+}
+
+// API click: on mouse down, move the cursor to the clicked location, and reset the selection
+static void stb_textedit_click(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, float x, float y)
+{
+   // In single-line mode, just always make y = 0. This lets the drag keep working if the mouse
+   // goes off the top or bottom of the text
+   if( state->single_line )
+   {
+      StbTexteditRow r;
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&r, str, 0);
+      y = r.ymin;
+   }
+
+   state->cursor = stb_text_locate_coord(str, x, y);
+   state->select_start = state->cursor;
+   state->select_end = state->cursor;
+   state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+}
+
+// API drag: on mouse drag, move the cursor and selection endpoint to the clicked location
+static void stb_textedit_drag(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, float x, float y)
+{
+   int p = 0;
+
+   // In single-line mode, just always make y = 0. This lets the drag keep working if the mouse
+   // goes off the top or bottom of the text
+   if( state->single_line )
+   {
+      StbTexteditRow r;
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&r, str, 0);
+      y = r.ymin;
+   }
+
+   if (state->select_start == state->select_end)
+      state->select_start = state->cursor;
+
+   p = stb_text_locate_coord(str, x, y);
+   state->cursor = state->select_end = p;
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//      Keyboard input handling
+//
+
+// forward declarations
+static void stb_text_undo(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state);
+static void stb_text_redo(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state);
+static void stb_text_makeundo_delete(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, int where, int length);
+static void stb_text_makeundo_insert(STB_TexteditState *state, int where, int length);
+static void stb_text_makeundo_replace(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, int where, int old_length, int new_length);
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   float x,y;    // position of n'th character
+   float height; // height of line
+   int first_char, length; // first char of row, and length
+   int prev_first;  // first char of previous row
+} StbFindState;
+
+// find the x/y location of a character, and remember info about the previous row in
+// case we get a move-up event (for page up, we'll have to rescan)
+static void stb_textedit_find_charpos(StbFindState *find, STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, int n, int single_line)
+{
+   StbTexteditRow r;
+   int prev_start = 0;
+   int z = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+   int i=0, first;
+
+   if (n == z && single_line) {
+      // special case if it's at the end (may not be needed?)
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&r, str, 0);
+      find->y = 0;
+      find->first_char = 0;
+      find->length = z;
+      find->height = r.ymax - r.ymin;
+      find->x = r.x1;
+      return;
+   }
+
+   // search rows to find the one that straddles character n
+   find->y = 0;
+
+   for(;;) {
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&r, str, i);
+      if (n < i + r.num_chars)
+         break;
+      if (i + r.num_chars == z && z > 0 && STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, z - 1) != STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)  // [DEAR IMGUI] special handling for last line
+         break;   // [DEAR IMGUI]
+      prev_start = i;
+      i += r.num_chars;
+      find->y += r.baseline_y_delta;
+      if (i == z) // [DEAR IMGUI]
+         break;   // [DEAR IMGUI]
+   }
+
+   find->first_char = first = i;
+   find->length = r.num_chars;
+   find->height = r.ymax - r.ymin;
+   find->prev_first = prev_start;
+
+   // now scan to find xpos
+   find->x = r.x0;
+   for (i=0; first+i < n; ++i)
+      find->x += STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH(str, first, i);
+}
+
+#define STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(s)   ((s)->select_start != (s)->select_end)
+
+// make the selection/cursor state valid if client altered the string
+static void stb_textedit_clamp(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   int n = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+   if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state)) {
+      if (state->select_start > n) state->select_start = n;
+      if (state->select_end   > n) state->select_end = n;
+      // if clamping forced them to be equal, move the cursor to match
+      if (state->select_start == state->select_end)
+         state->cursor = state->select_start;
+   }
+   if (state->cursor > n) state->cursor = n;
+}
+
+// delete characters while updating undo
+static void stb_textedit_delete(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, int where, int len)
+{
+   stb_text_makeundo_delete(str, state, where, len);
+   STB_TEXTEDIT_DELETECHARS(str, where, len);
+   state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+}
+
+// delete the section
+static void stb_textedit_delete_selection(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+   if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state)) {
+      if (state->select_start < state->select_end) {
+         stb_textedit_delete(str, state, state->select_start, state->select_end - state->select_start);
+         state->select_end = state->cursor = state->select_start;
+      } else {
+         stb_textedit_delete(str, state, state->select_end, state->select_start - state->select_end);
+         state->select_start = state->cursor = state->select_end;
+      }
+      state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+   }
+}
+
+// canoncialize the selection so start <= end
+static void stb_textedit_sortselection(STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   if (state->select_end < state->select_start) {
+      int temp = state->select_end;
+      state->select_end = state->select_start;
+      state->select_start = temp;
+   }
+}
+
+// move cursor to first character of selection
+static void stb_textedit_move_to_first(STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state)) {
+      stb_textedit_sortselection(state);
+      state->cursor = state->select_start;
+      state->select_end = state->select_start;
+      state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+   }
+}
+
+// move cursor to last character of selection
+static void stb_textedit_move_to_last(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state)) {
+      stb_textedit_sortselection(state);
+      stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+      state->cursor = state->select_end;
+      state->select_start = state->select_end;
+      state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+   }
+}
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_IS_SPACE
+static int is_word_boundary( STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, int idx )
+{
+   return idx > 0 ? (STB_TEXTEDIT_IS_SPACE( STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str,idx-1) ) && !STB_TEXTEDIT_IS_SPACE( STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, idx) ) ) : 1;
+}
+
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT
+static int stb_textedit_move_to_word_previous( STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, int c )
+{
+   --c; // always move at least one character
+   while( c >= 0 && !is_word_boundary( str, c ) )
+      --c;
+
+   if( c < 0 )
+      c = 0;
+
+   return c;
+}
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT stb_textedit_move_to_word_previous
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT
+static int stb_textedit_move_to_word_next( STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, int c )
+{
+   const int len = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+   ++c; // always move at least one character
+   while( c < len && !is_word_boundary( str, c ) )
+      ++c;
+
+   if( c > len )
+      c = len;
+
+   return c;
+}
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT stb_textedit_move_to_word_next
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+// update selection and cursor to match each other
+static void stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   if (!STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+      state->select_start = state->select_end = state->cursor;
+   else
+      state->cursor = state->select_end;
+}
+
+// API cut: delete selection
+static int stb_textedit_cut(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state)) {
+      stb_textedit_delete_selection(str,state); // implicitly clamps
+      state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+      return 1;
+   }
+   return 0;
+}
+
+// API paste: replace existing selection with passed-in text
+static int stb_textedit_paste_internal(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE *text, int len)
+{
+   // if there's a selection, the paste should delete it
+   stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+   stb_textedit_delete_selection(str,state);
+   // try to insert the characters
+   if (STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(str, state->cursor, text, len)) {
+      stb_text_makeundo_insert(state, state->cursor, len);
+      state->cursor += len;
+      state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+      return 1;
+   }
+   // note: paste failure will leave deleted selection, may be restored with an undo (see https://github.com/nothings/stb/issues/734 for details)
+   return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTYPE
+#define STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTYPE int
+#endif
+
+// API key: process a keyboard input
+static void stb_textedit_key(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTYPE key)
+{
+retry:
+   switch (key) {
+      default: {
+         int c = STB_TEXTEDIT_KEYTOTEXT(key);
+         if (c > 0) {
+            STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE ch = (STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE) c;
+
+            // can't add newline in single-line mode
+            if (c == '\n' && state->single_line)
+               break;
+
+            if (state->insert_mode && !STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state) && state->cursor < STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str)) {
+               stb_text_makeundo_replace(str, state, state->cursor, 1, 1);
+               STB_TEXTEDIT_DELETECHARS(str, state->cursor, 1);
+               if (STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(str, state->cursor, &ch, 1)) {
+                  ++state->cursor;
+                  state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+               }
+            } else {
+               stb_textedit_delete_selection(str,state); // implicitly clamps
+               if (STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(str, state->cursor, &ch, 1)) {
+                  stb_text_makeundo_insert(state, state->cursor, 1);
+                  ++state->cursor;
+                  state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+         break;
+      }
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_INSERT
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_INSERT:
+         state->insert_mode = !state->insert_mode;
+         break;
+#endif
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UNDO:
+         stb_text_undo(str, state);
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_REDO:
+         stb_text_redo(str, state);
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LEFT:
+         // if currently there's a selection, move cursor to start of selection
+         if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_move_to_first(state);
+         else
+            if (state->cursor > 0)
+               --state->cursor;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT:
+         // if currently there's a selection, move cursor to end of selection
+         if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_move_to_last(str, state);
+         else
+            ++state->cursor;
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LEFT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         // move selection left
+         if (state->select_end > 0)
+            --state->select_end;
+         state->cursor = state->select_end;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT:
+         if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_move_to_first(state);
+         else {
+            state->cursor = STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT(str, state->cursor);
+            stb_textedit_clamp( str, state );
+         }
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDLEFT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         if( !STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION( state ) )
+            stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+
+         state->cursor = STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDLEFT(str, state->cursor);
+         state->select_end = state->cursor;
+
+         stb_textedit_clamp( str, state );
+         break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDRIGHT:
+         if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_move_to_last(str, state);
+         else {
+            state->cursor = STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT(str, state->cursor);
+            stb_textedit_clamp( str, state );
+         }
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_WORDRIGHT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         if( !STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION( state ) )
+            stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+
+         state->cursor = STB_TEXTEDIT_MOVEWORDRIGHT(str, state->cursor);
+         state->select_end = state->cursor;
+
+         stb_textedit_clamp( str, state );
+         break;
+#endif
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         // move selection right
+         ++state->select_end;
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         state->cursor = state->select_end;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DOWN:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DOWN | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGDOWN:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGDOWN | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT: {
+         StbFindState find;
+         StbTexteditRow row;
+         int i, j, sel = (key & STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT) != 0;
+         int is_page = (key & ~STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT) == STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGDOWN;
+         int row_count = is_page ? state->row_count_per_page : 1;
+
+         if (!is_page && state->single_line) {
+            // on windows, up&down in single-line behave like left&right
+            key = STB_TEXTEDIT_K_RIGHT | (key & STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+            goto retry;
+         }
+
+         if (sel)
+            stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         else if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_move_to_last(str, state);
+
+         // compute current position of cursor point
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         stb_textedit_find_charpos(&find, str, state->cursor, state->single_line);
+
+         for (j = 0; j < row_count; ++j) {
+            float x, goal_x = state->has_preferred_x ? state->preferred_x : find.x;
+            int start = find.first_char + find.length;
+
+            if (find.length == 0)
+               break;
+
+            // [DEAR IMGUI]
+            // going down while being on the last line shouldn't bring us to that line end
+            if (STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, find.first_char + find.length - 1) != STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)
+               break;
+
+            // now find character position down a row
+            state->cursor = start;
+            STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&row, str, state->cursor);
+            x = row.x0;
+            for (i=0; i < row.num_chars; ++i) {
+               float dx = STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH(str, start, i);
+               #ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH_NEWLINE
+               if (dx == STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH_NEWLINE)
+                  break;
+               #endif
+               x += dx;
+               if (x > goal_x)
+                  break;
+               ++state->cursor;
+            }
+            stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+
+            state->has_preferred_x = 1;
+            state->preferred_x = goal_x;
+
+            if (sel)
+               state->select_end = state->cursor;
+
+            // go to next line
+            find.first_char = find.first_char + find.length;
+            find.length = row.num_chars;
+         }
+         break;
+      }
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UP:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_UP | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGUP:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGUP | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT: {
+         StbFindState find;
+         StbTexteditRow row;
+         int i, j, prev_scan, sel = (key & STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT) != 0;
+         int is_page = (key & ~STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT) == STB_TEXTEDIT_K_PGUP;
+         int row_count = is_page ? state->row_count_per_page : 1;
+
+         if (!is_page && state->single_line) {
+            // on windows, up&down become left&right
+            key = STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LEFT | (key & STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT);
+            goto retry;
+         }
+
+         if (sel)
+            stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         else if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_move_to_first(state);
+
+         // compute current position of cursor point
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         stb_textedit_find_charpos(&find, str, state->cursor, state->single_line);
+
+         for (j = 0; j < row_count; ++j) {
+            float  x, goal_x = state->has_preferred_x ? state->preferred_x : find.x;
+
+            // can only go up if there's a previous row
+            if (find.prev_first == find.first_char)
+               break;
+
+            // now find character position up a row
+            state->cursor = find.prev_first;
+            STB_TEXTEDIT_LAYOUTROW(&row, str, state->cursor);
+            x = row.x0;
+            for (i=0; i < row.num_chars; ++i) {
+               float dx = STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH(str, find.prev_first, i);
+               #ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH_NEWLINE
+               if (dx == STB_TEXTEDIT_GETWIDTH_NEWLINE)
+                  break;
+               #endif
+               x += dx;
+               if (x > goal_x)
+                  break;
+               ++state->cursor;
+            }
+            stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+
+            state->has_preferred_x = 1;
+            state->preferred_x = goal_x;
+
+            if (sel)
+               state->select_end = state->cursor;
+
+            // go to previous line
+            // (we need to scan previous line the hard way. maybe we could expose this as a new API function?)
+            prev_scan = find.prev_first > 0 ? find.prev_first - 1 : 0;
+            while (prev_scan > 0 && STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, prev_scan - 1) != STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)
+               --prev_scan;
+            find.first_char = find.prev_first;
+            find.prev_first = prev_scan;
+         }
+         break;
+      }
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DELETE:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_DELETE | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_delete_selection(str, state);
+         else {
+            int n = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+            if (state->cursor < n)
+               stb_textedit_delete(str, state, state->cursor, 1);
+         }
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_BACKSPACE:
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_BACKSPACE | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         if (STB_TEXT_HAS_SELECTION(state))
+            stb_textedit_delete_selection(str, state);
+         else {
+            stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+            if (state->cursor > 0) {
+               stb_textedit_delete(str, state, state->cursor-1, 1);
+               --state->cursor;
+            }
+         }
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART2:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART:
+         state->cursor = state->select_start = state->select_end = 0;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND2:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND:
+         state->cursor = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+         state->select_start = state->select_end = 0;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART2 | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTSTART | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         state->cursor = state->select_end = 0;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND2 | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_TEXTEND | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         state->cursor = state->select_end = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART2:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART:
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         stb_textedit_move_to_first(state);
+         if (state->single_line)
+            state->cursor = 0;
+         else while (state->cursor > 0 && STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, state->cursor-1) != STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)
+            --state->cursor;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND2:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND: {
+         int n = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         stb_textedit_move_to_first(state);
+         if (state->single_line)
+             state->cursor = n;
+         else while (state->cursor < n && STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, state->cursor) != STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)
+             ++state->cursor;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+      }
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART2 | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINESTART | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         if (state->single_line)
+            state->cursor = 0;
+         else while (state->cursor > 0 && STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, state->cursor-1) != STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)
+            --state->cursor;
+         state->select_end = state->cursor;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+
+#ifdef STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND2
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND2 | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT:
+#endif
+      case STB_TEXTEDIT_K_LINEEND | STB_TEXTEDIT_K_SHIFT: {
+         int n = STB_TEXTEDIT_STRINGLEN(str);
+         stb_textedit_clamp(str, state);
+         stb_textedit_prep_selection_at_cursor(state);
+         if (state->single_line)
+             state->cursor = n;
+         else while (state->cursor < n && STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, state->cursor) != STB_TEXTEDIT_NEWLINE)
+            ++state->cursor;
+         state->select_end = state->cursor;
+         state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+         break;
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//      Undo processing
+//
+// @OPTIMIZE: the undo/redo buffer should be circular
+
+static void stb_textedit_flush_redo(StbUndoState *state)
+{
+   state->redo_point = STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT;
+   state->redo_char_point = STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT;
+}
+
+// discard the oldest entry in the undo list
+static void stb_textedit_discard_undo(StbUndoState *state)
+{
+   if (state->undo_point > 0) {
+      // if the 0th undo state has characters, clean those up
+      if (state->undo_rec[0].char_storage >= 0) {
+         int n = state->undo_rec[0].insert_length, i;
+         // delete n characters from all other records
+         state->undo_char_point -= n;
+         STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove(state->undo_char, state->undo_char + n, (size_t) (state->undo_char_point*sizeof(STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE)));
+         for (i=0; i < state->undo_point; ++i)
+            if (state->undo_rec[i].char_storage >= 0)
+               state->undo_rec[i].char_storage -= n; // @OPTIMIZE: get rid of char_storage and infer it
+      }
+      --state->undo_point;
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove(state->undo_rec, state->undo_rec+1, (size_t) (state->undo_point*sizeof(state->undo_rec[0])));
+   }
+}
+
+// discard the oldest entry in the redo list--it's bad if this
+// ever happens, but because undo & redo have to store the actual
+// characters in different cases, the redo character buffer can
+// fill up even though the undo buffer didn't
+static void stb_textedit_discard_redo(StbUndoState *state)
+{
+   int k = STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT-1;
+
+   if (state->redo_point <= k) {
+      // if the k'th undo state has characters, clean those up
+      if (state->undo_rec[k].char_storage >= 0) {
+         int n = state->undo_rec[k].insert_length, i;
+         // move the remaining redo character data to the end of the buffer
+         state->redo_char_point += n;
+         STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove(state->undo_char + state->redo_char_point, state->undo_char + state->redo_char_point-n, (size_t) ((STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT - state->redo_char_point)*sizeof(STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE)));
+         // adjust the position of all the other records to account for above memmove
+         for (i=state->redo_point; i < k; ++i)
+            if (state->undo_rec[i].char_storage >= 0)
+               state->undo_rec[i].char_storage += n;
+      }
+      // now move all the redo records towards the end of the buffer; the first one is at 'redo_point'
+      // [DEAR IMGUI]
+      size_t move_size = (size_t)((STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT - state->redo_point - 1) * sizeof(state->undo_rec[0]));
+      const char* buf_begin = (char*)state->undo_rec; (void)buf_begin;
+      const char* buf_end   = (char*)state->undo_rec + sizeof(state->undo_rec); (void)buf_end;
+      IM_ASSERT(((char*)(state->undo_rec + state->redo_point)) >= buf_begin);
+      IM_ASSERT(((char*)(state->undo_rec + state->redo_point + 1) + move_size) <= buf_end);
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_memmove(state->undo_rec + state->redo_point+1, state->undo_rec + state->redo_point, move_size);
+
+      // now move redo_point to point to the new one
+      ++state->redo_point;
+   }
+}
+
+static StbUndoRecord *stb_text_create_undo_record(StbUndoState *state, int numchars)
+{
+   // any time we create a new undo record, we discard redo
+   stb_textedit_flush_redo(state);
+
+   // if we have no free records, we have to make room, by sliding the
+   // existing records down
+   if (state->undo_point == STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT)
+      stb_textedit_discard_undo(state);
+
+   // if the characters to store won't possibly fit in the buffer, we can't undo
+   if (numchars > STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT) {
+      state->undo_point = 0;
+      state->undo_char_point = 0;
+      return NULL;
+   }
+
+   // if we don't have enough free characters in the buffer, we have to make room
+   while (state->undo_char_point + numchars > STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT)
+      stb_textedit_discard_undo(state);
+
+   return &state->undo_rec[state->undo_point++];
+}
+
+static STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE *stb_text_createundo(StbUndoState *state, int pos, int insert_len, int delete_len)
+{
+   StbUndoRecord *r = stb_text_create_undo_record(state, insert_len);
+   if (r == NULL)
+      return NULL;
+
+   r->where = pos;
+   r->insert_length = (STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE) insert_len;
+   r->delete_length = (STB_TEXTEDIT_POSITIONTYPE) delete_len;
+
+   if (insert_len == 0) {
+      r->char_storage = -1;
+      return NULL;
+   } else {
+      r->char_storage = state->undo_char_point;
+      state->undo_char_point += insert_len;
+      return &state->undo_char[r->char_storage];
+   }
+}
+
+static void stb_text_undo(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   StbUndoState *s = &state->undostate;
+   StbUndoRecord u, *r;
+   if (s->undo_point == 0)
+      return;
+
+   // we need to do two things: apply the undo record, and create a redo record
+   u = s->undo_rec[s->undo_point-1];
+   r = &s->undo_rec[s->redo_point-1];
+   r->char_storage = -1;
+
+   r->insert_length = u.delete_length;
+   r->delete_length = u.insert_length;
+   r->where = u.where;
+
+   if (u.delete_length) {
+      // if the undo record says to delete characters, then the redo record will
+      // need to re-insert the characters that get deleted, so we need to store
+      // them.
+
+      // there are three cases:
+      //    there's enough room to store the characters
+      //    characters stored for *redoing* don't leave room for redo
+      //    characters stored for *undoing* don't leave room for redo
+      // if the last is true, we have to bail
+
+      if (s->undo_char_point + u.delete_length >= STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT) {
+         // the undo records take up too much character space; there's no space to store the redo characters
+         r->insert_length = 0;
+      } else {
+         int i;
+
+         // there's definitely room to store the characters eventually
+         while (s->undo_char_point + u.delete_length > s->redo_char_point) {
+            // should never happen:
+            if (s->redo_point == STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT)
+               return;
+            // there's currently not enough room, so discard a redo record
+            stb_textedit_discard_redo(s);
+         }
+         r = &s->undo_rec[s->redo_point-1];
+
+         r->char_storage = s->redo_char_point - u.delete_length;
+         s->redo_char_point = s->redo_char_point - u.delete_length;
+
+         // now save the characters
+         for (i=0; i < u.delete_length; ++i)
+            s->undo_char[r->char_storage + i] = STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, u.where + i);
+      }
+
+      // now we can carry out the deletion
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_DELETECHARS(str, u.where, u.delete_length);
+   }
+
+   // check type of recorded action:
+   if (u.insert_length) {
+      // easy case: was a deletion, so we need to insert n characters
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(str, u.where, &s->undo_char[u.char_storage], u.insert_length);
+      s->undo_char_point -= u.insert_length;
+   }
+
+   state->cursor = u.where + u.insert_length;
+
+   s->undo_point--;
+   s->redo_point--;
+}
+
+static void stb_text_redo(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state)
+{
+   StbUndoState *s = &state->undostate;
+   StbUndoRecord *u, r;
+   if (s->redo_point == STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT)
+      return;
+
+   // we need to do two things: apply the redo record, and create an undo record
+   u = &s->undo_rec[s->undo_point];
+   r = s->undo_rec[s->redo_point];
+
+   // we KNOW there must be room for the undo record, because the redo record
+   // was derived from an undo record
+
+   u->delete_length = r.insert_length;
+   u->insert_length = r.delete_length;
+   u->where = r.where;
+   u->char_storage = -1;
+
+   if (r.delete_length) {
+      // the redo record requires us to delete characters, so the undo record
+      // needs to store the characters
+
+      if (s->undo_char_point + u->insert_length > s->redo_char_point) {
+         u->insert_length = 0;
+         u->delete_length = 0;
+      } else {
+         int i;
+         u->char_storage = s->undo_char_point;
+         s->undo_char_point = s->undo_char_point + u->insert_length;
+
+         // now save the characters
+         for (i=0; i < u->insert_length; ++i)
+            s->undo_char[u->char_storage + i] = STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, u->where + i);
+      }
+
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_DELETECHARS(str, r.where, r.delete_length);
+   }
+
+   if (r.insert_length) {
+      // easy case: need to insert n characters
+      STB_TEXTEDIT_INSERTCHARS(str, r.where, &s->undo_char[r.char_storage], r.insert_length);
+      s->redo_char_point += r.insert_length;
+   }
+
+   state->cursor = r.where + r.insert_length;
+
+   s->undo_point++;
+   s->redo_point++;
+}
+
+static void stb_text_makeundo_insert(STB_TexteditState *state, int where, int length)
+{
+   stb_text_createundo(&state->undostate, where, 0, length);
+}
+
+static void stb_text_makeundo_delete(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, int where, int length)
+{
+   int i;
+   STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE *p = stb_text_createundo(&state->undostate, where, length, 0);
+   if (p) {
+      for (i=0; i < length; ++i)
+         p[i] = STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, where+i);
+   }
+}
+
+static void stb_text_makeundo_replace(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, int where, int old_length, int new_length)
+{
+   int i;
+   STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE *p = stb_text_createundo(&state->undostate, where, old_length, new_length);
+   if (p) {
+      for (i=0; i < old_length; ++i)
+         p[i] = STB_TEXTEDIT_GETCHAR(str, where+i);
+   }
+}
+
+// reset the state to default
+static void stb_textedit_clear_state(STB_TexteditState *state, int is_single_line)
+{
+   state->undostate.undo_point = 0;
+   state->undostate.undo_char_point = 0;
+   state->undostate.redo_point = STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOSTATECOUNT;
+   state->undostate.redo_char_point = STB_TEXTEDIT_UNDOCHARCOUNT;
+   state->select_end = state->select_start = 0;
+   state->cursor = 0;
+   state->has_preferred_x = 0;
+   state->preferred_x = 0;
+   state->cursor_at_end_of_line = 0;
+   state->initialized = 1;
+   state->single_line = (unsigned char) is_single_line;
+   state->insert_mode = 0;
+   state->row_count_per_page = 0;
+}
+
+// API initialize
+static void stb_textedit_initialize_state(STB_TexteditState *state, int is_single_line)
+{
+   stb_textedit_clear_state(state, is_single_line);
+}
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"
+#endif
+
+static int stb_textedit_paste(STB_TEXTEDIT_STRING *str, STB_TexteditState *state, STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE const *ctext, int len)
+{
+   return stb_textedit_paste_internal(str, state, (STB_TEXTEDIT_CHARTYPE *) ctext, len);
+}
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif//STB_TEXTEDIT_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This software is available under 2 licenses -- choose whichever you prefer.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE A - MIT License
+Copyright (c) 2017 Sean Barrett
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE B - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
+software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
+commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
+software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
+domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
+the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
+overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
+this software under copyright law.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
diff --git a/external/imgui/imstb_truetype.h b/external/imgui/imstb_truetype.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35c827e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/imgui/imstb_truetype.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5085 @@
+// [DEAR IMGUI]
+// This is a slightly modified version of stb_truetype.h 1.26.
+// Mostly fixing for compiler and static analyzer warnings.
+// Grep for [DEAR IMGUI] to find the changes.
+
+// stb_truetype.h - v1.26 - public domain
+// authored from 2009-2021 by Sean Barrett / RAD Game Tools
+//
+// =======================================================================
+//
+//    NO SECURITY GUARANTEE -- DO NOT USE THIS ON UNTRUSTED FONT FILES
+//
+// This library does no range checking of the offsets found in the file,
+// meaning an attacker can use it to read arbitrary memory.
+//
+// =======================================================================
+//
+//   This library processes TrueType files:
+//        parse files
+//        extract glyph metrics
+//        extract glyph shapes
+//        render glyphs to one-channel bitmaps with antialiasing (box filter)
+//        render glyphs to one-channel SDF bitmaps (signed-distance field/function)
+//
+//   Todo:
+//        non-MS cmaps
+//        crashproof on bad data
+//        hinting? (no longer patented)
+//        cleartype-style AA?
+//        optimize: use simple memory allocator for intermediates
+//        optimize: build edge-list directly from curves
+//        optimize: rasterize directly from curves?
+//
+// ADDITIONAL CONTRIBUTORS
+//
+//   Mikko Mononen: compound shape support, more cmap formats
+//   Tor Andersson: kerning, subpixel rendering
+//   Dougall Johnson: OpenType / Type 2 font handling
+//   Daniel Ribeiro Maciel: basic GPOS-based kerning
+//
+//   Misc other:
+//       Ryan Gordon
+//       Simon Glass
+//       github:IntellectualKitty
+//       Imanol Celaya
+//       Daniel Ribeiro Maciel
+//
+//   Bug/warning reports/fixes:
+//       "Zer" on mollyrocket       Fabian "ryg" Giesen   github:NiLuJe
+//       Cass Everitt               Martins Mozeiko       github:aloucks
+//       stoiko (Haemimont Games)   Cap Petschulat        github:oyvindjam
+//       Brian Hook                 Omar Cornut           github:vassvik
+//       Walter van Niftrik         Ryan Griege
+//       David Gow                  Peter LaValle
+//       David Given                Sergey Popov
+//       Ivan-Assen Ivanov          Giumo X. Clanjor
+//       Anthony Pesch              Higor Euripedes
+//       Johan Duparc               Thomas Fields
+//       Hou Qiming                 Derek Vinyard
+//       Rob Loach                  Cort Stratton
+//       Kenney Phillis Jr.         Brian Costabile
+//       Ken Voskuil (kaesve)
+//
+// VERSION HISTORY
+//
+//   1.26 (2021-08-28) fix broken rasterizer
+//   1.25 (2021-07-11) many fixes
+//   1.24 (2020-02-05) fix warning
+//   1.23 (2020-02-02) query SVG data for glyphs; query whole kerning table (but only kern not GPOS)
+//   1.22 (2019-08-11) minimize missing-glyph duplication; fix kerning if both 'GPOS' and 'kern' are defined
+//   1.21 (2019-02-25) fix warning
+//   1.20 (2019-02-07) PackFontRange skips missing codepoints; GetScaleFontVMetrics()
+//   1.19 (2018-02-11) GPOS kerning, STBTT_fmod
+//   1.18 (2018-01-29) add missing function
+//   1.17 (2017-07-23) make more arguments const; doc fix
+//   1.16 (2017-07-12) SDF support
+//   1.15 (2017-03-03) make more arguments const
+//   1.14 (2017-01-16) num-fonts-in-TTC function
+//   1.13 (2017-01-02) support OpenType fonts, certain Apple fonts
+//   1.12 (2016-10-25) suppress warnings about casting away const with -Wcast-qual
+//   1.11 (2016-04-02) fix unused-variable warning
+//   1.10 (2016-04-02) user-defined fabs(); rare memory leak; remove duplicate typedef
+//   1.09 (2016-01-16) warning fix; avoid crash on outofmem; use allocation userdata properly
+//   1.08 (2015-09-13) document stbtt_Rasterize(); fixes for vertical & horizontal edges
+//   1.07 (2015-08-01) allow PackFontRanges to accept arrays of sparse codepoints;
+//                     variant PackFontRanges to pack and render in separate phases;
+//                     fix stbtt_GetFontOFfsetForIndex (never worked for non-0 input?);
+//                     fixed an assert() bug in the new rasterizer
+//                     replace assert() with STBTT_assert() in new rasterizer
+//
+//   Full history can be found at the end of this file.
+//
+// LICENSE
+//
+//   See end of file for license information.
+//
+// USAGE
+//
+//   Include this file in whatever places need to refer to it. In ONE C/C++
+//   file, write:
+//      #define STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
+//   before the #include of this file. This expands out the actual
+//   implementation into that C/C++ file.
+//
+//   To make the implementation private to the file that generates the implementation,
+//      #define STBTT_STATIC
+//
+//   Simple 3D API (don't ship this, but it's fine for tools and quick start)
+//           stbtt_BakeFontBitmap()               -- bake a font to a bitmap for use as texture
+//           stbtt_GetBakedQuad()                 -- compute quad to draw for a given char
+//
+//   Improved 3D API (more shippable):
+//           #include "stb_rect_pack.h"           -- optional, but you really want it
+//           stbtt_PackBegin()
+//           stbtt_PackSetOversampling()          -- for improved quality on small fonts
+//           stbtt_PackFontRanges()               -- pack and renders
+//           stbtt_PackEnd()
+//           stbtt_GetPackedQuad()
+//
+//   "Load" a font file from a memory buffer (you have to keep the buffer loaded)
+//           stbtt_InitFont()
+//           stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex()        -- indexing for TTC font collections
+//           stbtt_GetNumberOfFonts()             -- number of fonts for TTC font collections
+//
+//   Render a unicode codepoint to a bitmap
+//           stbtt_GetCodepointBitmap()           -- allocates and returns a bitmap
+//           stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmap()          -- renders into bitmap you provide
+//           stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBox()        -- how big the bitmap must be
+//
+//   Character advance/positioning
+//           stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics()
+//           stbtt_GetFontVMetrics()
+//           stbtt_GetFontVMetricsOS2()
+//           stbtt_GetCodepointKernAdvance()
+//
+//   Starting with version 1.06, the rasterizer was replaced with a new,
+//   faster and generally-more-precise rasterizer. The new rasterizer more
+//   accurately measures pixel coverage for anti-aliasing, except in the case
+//   where multiple shapes overlap, in which case it overestimates the AA pixel
+//   coverage. Thus, anti-aliasing of intersecting shapes may look wrong. If
+//   this turns out to be a problem, you can re-enable the old rasterizer with
+//        #define STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION 1
+//   which will incur about a 15% speed hit.
+//
+// ADDITIONAL DOCUMENTATION
+//
+//   Immediately after this block comment are a series of sample programs.
+//
+//   After the sample programs is the "header file" section. This section
+//   includes documentation for each API function.
+//
+//   Some important concepts to understand to use this library:
+//
+//      Codepoint
+//         Characters are defined by unicode codepoints, e.g. 65 is
+//         uppercase A, 231 is lowercase c with a cedilla, 0x7e30 is
+//         the hiragana for "ma".
+//
+//      Glyph
+//         A visual character shape (every codepoint is rendered as
+//         some glyph)
+//
+//      Glyph index
+//         A font-specific integer ID representing a glyph
+//
+//      Baseline
+//         Glyph shapes are defined relative to a baseline, which is the
+//         bottom of uppercase characters. Characters extend both above
+//         and below the baseline.
+//
+//      Current Point
+//         As you draw text to the screen, you keep track of a "current point"
+//         which is the origin of each character. The current point's vertical
+//         position is the baseline. Even "baked fonts" use this model.
+//
+//      Vertical Font Metrics
+//         The vertical qualities of the font, used to vertically position
+//         and space the characters. See docs for stbtt_GetFontVMetrics.
+//
+//      Font Size in Pixels or Points
+//         The preferred interface for specifying font sizes in stb_truetype
+//         is to specify how tall the font's vertical extent should be in pixels.
+//         If that sounds good enough, skip the next paragraph.
+//
+//         Most font APIs instead use "points", which are a common typographic
+//         measurement for describing font size, defined as 72 points per inch.
+//         stb_truetype provides a point API for compatibility. However, true
+//         "per inch" conventions don't make much sense on computer displays
+//         since different monitors have different number of pixels per
+//         inch. For example, Windows traditionally uses a convention that
+//         there are 96 pixels per inch, thus making 'inch' measurements have
+//         nothing to do with inches, and thus effectively defining a point to
+//         be 1.333 pixels. Additionally, the TrueType font data provides
+//         an explicit scale factor to scale a given font's glyphs to points,
+//         but the author has observed that this scale factor is often wrong
+//         for non-commercial fonts, thus making fonts scaled in points
+//         according to the TrueType spec incoherently sized in practice.
+//
+// DETAILED USAGE:
+//
+//  Scale:
+//    Select how high you want the font to be, in points or pixels.
+//    Call ScaleForPixelHeight or ScaleForMappingEmToPixels to compute
+//    a scale factor SF that will be used by all other functions.
+//
+//  Baseline:
+//    You need to select a y-coordinate that is the baseline of where
+//    your text will appear. Call GetFontBoundingBox to get the baseline-relative
+//    bounding box for all characters. SF*-y0 will be the distance in pixels
+//    that the worst-case character could extend above the baseline, so if
+//    you want the top edge of characters to appear at the top of the
+//    screen where y=0, then you would set the baseline to SF*-y0.
+//
+//  Current point:
+//    Set the current point where the first character will appear. The
+//    first character could extend left of the current point; this is font
+//    dependent. You can either choose a current point that is the leftmost
+//    point and hope, or add some padding, or check the bounding box or
+//    left-side-bearing of the first character to be displayed and set
+//    the current point based on that.
+//
+//  Displaying a character:
+//    Compute the bounding box of the character. It will contain signed values
+//    relative to <current_point, baseline>. I.e. if it returns x0,y0,x1,y1,
+//    then the character should be displayed in the rectangle from
+//    <current_point+SF*x0, baseline+SF*y0> to <current_point+SF*x1,baseline+SF*y1).
+//
+//  Advancing for the next character:
+//    Call GlyphHMetrics, and compute 'current_point += SF * advance'.
+//
+//
+// ADVANCED USAGE
+//
+//   Quality:
+//
+//    - Use the functions with Subpixel at the end to allow your characters
+//      to have subpixel positioning. Since the font is anti-aliased, not
+//      hinted, this is very import for quality. (This is not possible with
+//      baked fonts.)
+//
+//    - Kerning is now supported, and if you're supporting subpixel rendering
+//      then kerning is worth using to give your text a polished look.
+//
+//   Performance:
+//
+//    - Convert Unicode codepoints to glyph indexes and operate on the glyphs;
+//      if you don't do this, stb_truetype is forced to do the conversion on
+//      every call.
+//
+//    - There are a lot of memory allocations. We should modify it to take
+//      a temp buffer and allocate from the temp buffer (without freeing),
+//      should help performance a lot.
+//
+// NOTES
+//
+//   The system uses the raw data found in the .ttf file without changing it
+//   and without building auxiliary data structures. This is a bit inefficient
+//   on little-endian systems (the data is big-endian), but assuming you're
+//   caching the bitmaps or glyph shapes this shouldn't be a big deal.
+//
+//   It appears to be very hard to programmatically determine what font a
+//   given file is in a general way. I provide an API for this, but I don't
+//   recommend it.
+//
+//
+// PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTS FOR 1.06:
+//
+//                      32-bit     64-bit
+//   Previous release:  8.83 s     7.68 s
+//   Pool allocations:  7.72 s     6.34 s
+//   Inline sort     :  6.54 s     5.65 s
+//   New rasterizer  :  5.63 s     5.00 s
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////
+////  SAMPLE PROGRAMS
+////
+//
+//  Incomplete text-in-3d-api example, which draws quads properly aligned to be lossless.
+//  See "tests/truetype_demo_win32.c" for a complete version.
+#if 0
+#define STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION  // force following include to generate implementation
+#include "stb_truetype.h"
+
+unsigned char ttf_buffer[1<<20];
+unsigned char temp_bitmap[512*512];
+
+stbtt_bakedchar cdata[96]; // ASCII 32..126 is 95 glyphs
+GLuint ftex;
+
+void my_stbtt_initfont(void)
+{
+   fread(ttf_buffer, 1, 1<<20, fopen("c:/windows/fonts/times.ttf", "rb"));
+   stbtt_BakeFontBitmap(ttf_buffer,0, 32.0, temp_bitmap,512,512, 32,96, cdata); // no guarantee this fits!
+   // can free ttf_buffer at this point
+   glGenTextures(1, &ftex);
+   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ftex);
+   glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_ALPHA, 512,512, 0, GL_ALPHA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, temp_bitmap);
+   // can free temp_bitmap at this point
+   glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
+}
+
+void my_stbtt_print(float x, float y, char *text)
+{
+   // assume orthographic projection with units = screen pixels, origin at top left
+   glEnable(GL_BLEND);
+   glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA);
+   glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
+   glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, ftex);
+   glBegin(GL_QUADS);
+   while (*text) {
+      if (*text >= 32 && *text < 128) {
+         stbtt_aligned_quad q;
+         stbtt_GetBakedQuad(cdata, 512,512, *text-32, &x,&y,&q,1);//1=opengl & d3d10+,0=d3d9
+         glTexCoord2f(q.s0,q.t0); glVertex2f(q.x0,q.y0);
+         glTexCoord2f(q.s1,q.t0); glVertex2f(q.x1,q.y0);
+         glTexCoord2f(q.s1,q.t1); glVertex2f(q.x1,q.y1);
+         glTexCoord2f(q.s0,q.t1); glVertex2f(q.x0,q.y1);
+      }
+      ++text;
+   }
+   glEnd();
+}
+#endif
+//
+//
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Complete program (this compiles): get a single bitmap, print as ASCII art
+//
+#if 0
+#include <stdio.h>
+#define STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION  // force following include to generate implementation
+#include "stb_truetype.h"
+
+char ttf_buffer[1<<25];
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+   stbtt_fontinfo font;
+   unsigned char *bitmap;
+   int w,h,i,j,c = (argc > 1 ? atoi(argv[1]) : 'a'), s = (argc > 2 ? atoi(argv[2]) : 20);
+
+   fread(ttf_buffer, 1, 1<<25, fopen(argc > 3 ? argv[3] : "c:/windows/fonts/arialbd.ttf", "rb"));
+
+   stbtt_InitFont(&font, ttf_buffer, stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex(ttf_buffer,0));
+   bitmap = stbtt_GetCodepointBitmap(&font, 0,stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&font, s), c, &w, &h, 0,0);
+
+   for (j=0; j < h; ++j) {
+      for (i=0; i < w; ++i)
+         putchar(" .:ioVM@"[bitmap[j*w+i]>>5]);
+      putchar('\n');
+   }
+   return 0;
+}
+#endif
+//
+// Output:
+//
+//     .ii.
+//    @@@@@@.
+//   V@Mio@@o
+//   :i.  V@V
+//     :oM@@M
+//   :@@@MM@M
+//   @@o  o@M
+//  :@@.  M@M
+//   @@@o@@@@
+//   :M@@V:@@.
+//
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Complete program: print "Hello World!" banner, with bugs
+//
+#if 0
+char buffer[24<<20];
+unsigned char screen[20][79];
+
+int main(int arg, char **argv)
+{
+   stbtt_fontinfo font;
+   int i,j,ascent,baseline,ch=0;
+   float scale, xpos=2; // leave a little padding in case the character extends left
+   char *text = "Heljo World!"; // intentionally misspelled to show 'lj' brokenness
+
+   fread(buffer, 1, 1000000, fopen("c:/windows/fonts/arialbd.ttf", "rb"));
+   stbtt_InitFont(&font, buffer, 0);
+
+   scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&font, 15);
+   stbtt_GetFontVMetrics(&font, &ascent,0,0);
+   baseline = (int) (ascent*scale);
+
+   while (text[ch]) {
+      int advance,lsb,x0,y0,x1,y1;
+      float x_shift = xpos - (float) floor(xpos);
+      stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(&font, text[ch], &advance, &lsb);
+      stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBoxSubpixel(&font, text[ch], scale,scale,x_shift,0, &x0,&y0,&x1,&y1);
+      stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmapSubpixel(&font, &screen[baseline + y0][(int) xpos + x0], x1-x0,y1-y0, 79, scale,scale,x_shift,0, text[ch]);
+      // note that this stomps the old data, so where character boxes overlap (e.g. 'lj') it's wrong
+      // because this API is really for baking character bitmaps into textures. if you want to render
+      // a sequence of characters, you really need to render each bitmap to a temp buffer, then
+      // "alpha blend" that into the working buffer
+      xpos += (advance * scale);
+      if (text[ch+1])
+         xpos += scale*stbtt_GetCodepointKernAdvance(&font, text[ch],text[ch+1]);
+      ++ch;
+   }
+
+   for (j=0; j < 20; ++j) {
+      for (i=0; i < 78; ++i)
+         putchar(" .:ioVM@"[screen[j][i]>>5]);
+      putchar('\n');
+   }
+
+   return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////
+////   INTEGRATION WITH YOUR CODEBASE
+////
+////   The following sections allow you to supply alternate definitions
+////   of C library functions used by stb_truetype, e.g. if you don't
+////   link with the C runtime library.
+
+#ifdef STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
+   // #define your own (u)stbtt_int8/16/32 before including to override this
+   #ifndef stbtt_uint8
+   typedef unsigned char   stbtt_uint8;
+   typedef signed   char   stbtt_int8;
+   typedef unsigned short  stbtt_uint16;
+   typedef signed   short  stbtt_int16;
+   typedef unsigned int    stbtt_uint32;
+   typedef signed   int    stbtt_int32;
+   #endif
+
+   typedef char stbtt__check_size32[sizeof(stbtt_int32)==4 ? 1 : -1];
+   typedef char stbtt__check_size16[sizeof(stbtt_int16)==2 ? 1 : -1];
+
+   // e.g. #define your own STBTT_ifloor/STBTT_iceil() to avoid math.h
+   #ifndef STBTT_ifloor
+   #include <math.h>
+   #define STBTT_ifloor(x)   ((int) floor(x))
+   #define STBTT_iceil(x)    ((int) ceil(x))
+   #endif
+
+   #ifndef STBTT_sqrt
+   #include <math.h>
+   #define STBTT_sqrt(x)      sqrt(x)
+   #define STBTT_pow(x,y)     pow(x,y)
+   #endif
+
+   #ifndef STBTT_fmod
+   #include <math.h>
+   #define STBTT_fmod(x,y)    fmod(x,y)
+   #endif
+
+   #ifndef STBTT_cos
+   #include <math.h>
+   #define STBTT_cos(x)       cos(x)
+   #define STBTT_acos(x)      acos(x)
+   #endif
+
+   #ifndef STBTT_fabs
+   #include <math.h>
+   #define STBTT_fabs(x)      fabs(x)
+   #endif
+
+   // #define your own functions "STBTT_malloc" / "STBTT_free" to avoid malloc.h
+   #ifndef STBTT_malloc
+   #include <stdlib.h>
+   #define STBTT_malloc(x,u)  ((void)(u),malloc(x))
+   #define STBTT_free(x,u)    ((void)(u),free(x))
+   #endif
+
+   #ifndef STBTT_assert
+   #include <assert.h>
+   #define STBTT_assert(x)    assert(x)
+   #endif
+
+   #ifndef STBTT_strlen
+   #include <string.h>
+   #define STBTT_strlen(x)    strlen(x)
+   #endif
+
+   #ifndef STBTT_memcpy
+   #include <string.h>
+   #define STBTT_memcpy       memcpy
+   #define STBTT_memset       memset
+   #endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////
+////   INTERFACE
+////
+////
+
+#ifndef __STB_INCLUDE_STB_TRUETYPE_H__
+#define __STB_INCLUDE_STB_TRUETYPE_H__
+
+#ifdef STBTT_STATIC
+#define STBTT_DEF static
+#else
+#define STBTT_DEF extern
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+// private structure
+typedef struct
+{
+   unsigned char *data;
+   int cursor;
+   int size;
+} stbtt__buf;
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// TEXTURE BAKING API
+//
+// If you use this API, you only have to call two functions ever.
+//
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   unsigned short x0,y0,x1,y1; // coordinates of bbox in bitmap
+   float xoff,yoff,xadvance;
+} stbtt_bakedchar;
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_BakeFontBitmap(const unsigned char *data, int offset,  // font location (use offset=0 for plain .ttf)
+                                float pixel_height,                     // height of font in pixels
+                                unsigned char *pixels, int pw, int ph,  // bitmap to be filled in
+                                int first_char, int num_chars,          // characters to bake
+                                stbtt_bakedchar *chardata);             // you allocate this, it's num_chars long
+// if return is positive, the first unused row of the bitmap
+// if return is negative, returns the negative of the number of characters that fit
+// if return is 0, no characters fit and no rows were used
+// This uses a very crappy packing.
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   float x0,y0,s0,t0; // top-left
+   float x1,y1,s1,t1; // bottom-right
+} stbtt_aligned_quad;
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetBakedQuad(const stbtt_bakedchar *chardata, int pw, int ph,  // same data as above
+                               int char_index,             // character to display
+                               float *xpos, float *ypos,   // pointers to current position in screen pixel space
+                               stbtt_aligned_quad *q,      // output: quad to draw
+                               int opengl_fillrule);       // true if opengl fill rule; false if DX9 or earlier
+// Call GetBakedQuad with char_index = 'character - first_char', and it
+// creates the quad you need to draw and advances the current position.
+//
+// The coordinate system used assumes y increases downwards.
+//
+// Characters will extend both above and below the current position;
+// see discussion of "BASELINE" above.
+//
+// It's inefficient; you might want to c&p it and optimize it.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetScaledFontVMetrics(const unsigned char *fontdata, int index, float size, float *ascent, float *descent, float *lineGap);
+// Query the font vertical metrics without having to create a font first.
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// NEW TEXTURE BAKING API
+//
+// This provides options for packing multiple fonts into one atlas, not
+// perfectly but better than nothing.
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   unsigned short x0,y0,x1,y1; // coordinates of bbox in bitmap
+   float xoff,yoff,xadvance;
+   float xoff2,yoff2;
+} stbtt_packedchar;
+
+typedef struct stbtt_pack_context stbtt_pack_context;
+typedef struct stbtt_fontinfo stbtt_fontinfo;
+#ifndef STB_RECT_PACK_VERSION
+typedef struct stbrp_rect stbrp_rect;
+#endif
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_PackBegin(stbtt_pack_context *spc, unsigned char *pixels, int width, int height, int stride_in_bytes, int padding, void *alloc_context);
+// Initializes a packing context stored in the passed-in stbtt_pack_context.
+// Future calls using this context will pack characters into the bitmap passed
+// in here: a 1-channel bitmap that is width * height. stride_in_bytes is
+// the distance from one row to the next (or 0 to mean they are packed tightly
+// together). "padding" is the amount of padding to leave between each
+// character (normally you want '1' for bitmaps you'll use as textures with
+// bilinear filtering).
+//
+// Returns 0 on failure, 1 on success.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackEnd  (stbtt_pack_context *spc);
+// Cleans up the packing context and frees all memory.
+
+#define STBTT_POINT_SIZE(x)   (-(x))
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_PackFontRange(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const unsigned char *fontdata, int font_index, float font_size,
+                                int first_unicode_char_in_range, int num_chars_in_range, stbtt_packedchar *chardata_for_range);
+// Creates character bitmaps from the font_index'th font found in fontdata (use
+// font_index=0 if you don't know what that is). It creates num_chars_in_range
+// bitmaps for characters with unicode values starting at first_unicode_char_in_range
+// and increasing. Data for how to render them is stored in chardata_for_range;
+// pass these to stbtt_GetPackedQuad to get back renderable quads.
+//
+// font_size is the full height of the character from ascender to descender,
+// as computed by stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight. To use a point size as computed
+// by stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels, wrap the point size in STBTT_POINT_SIZE()
+// and pass that result as 'font_size':
+//       ...,                  20 , ... // font max minus min y is 20 pixels tall
+//       ..., STBTT_POINT_SIZE(20), ... // 'M' is 20 pixels tall
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   float font_size;
+   int first_unicode_codepoint_in_range;  // if non-zero, then the chars are continuous, and this is the first codepoint
+   int *array_of_unicode_codepoints;       // if non-zero, then this is an array of unicode codepoints
+   int num_chars;
+   stbtt_packedchar *chardata_for_range; // output
+   unsigned char h_oversample, v_oversample; // don't set these, they're used internally
+} stbtt_pack_range;
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_PackFontRanges(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const unsigned char *fontdata, int font_index, stbtt_pack_range *ranges, int num_ranges);
+// Creates character bitmaps from multiple ranges of characters stored in
+// ranges. This will usually create a better-packed bitmap than multiple
+// calls to stbtt_PackFontRange. Note that you can call this multiple
+// times within a single PackBegin/PackEnd.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackSetOversampling(stbtt_pack_context *spc, unsigned int h_oversample, unsigned int v_oversample);
+// Oversampling a font increases the quality by allowing higher-quality subpixel
+// positioning, and is especially valuable at smaller text sizes.
+//
+// This function sets the amount of oversampling for all following calls to
+// stbtt_PackFontRange(s) or stbtt_PackFontRangesGatherRects for a given
+// pack context. The default (no oversampling) is achieved by h_oversample=1
+// and v_oversample=1. The total number of pixels required is
+// h_oversample*v_oversample larger than the default; for example, 2x2
+// oversampling requires 4x the storage of 1x1. For best results, render
+// oversampled textures with bilinear filtering. Look at the readme in
+// stb/tests/oversample for information about oversampled fonts
+//
+// To use with PackFontRangesGather etc., you must set it before calls
+// call to PackFontRangesGatherRects.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackSetSkipMissingCodepoints(stbtt_pack_context *spc, int skip);
+// If skip != 0, this tells stb_truetype to skip any codepoints for which
+// there is no corresponding glyph. If skip=0, which is the default, then
+// codepoints without a glyph recived the font's "missing character" glyph,
+// typically an empty box by convention.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetPackedQuad(const stbtt_packedchar *chardata, int pw, int ph,  // same data as above
+                               int char_index,             // character to display
+                               float *xpos, float *ypos,   // pointers to current position in screen pixel space
+                               stbtt_aligned_quad *q,      // output: quad to draw
+                               int align_to_integer);
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_PackFontRangesGatherRects(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_pack_range *ranges, int num_ranges, stbrp_rect *rects);
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackFontRangesPackRects(stbtt_pack_context *spc, stbrp_rect *rects, int num_rects);
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_PackFontRangesRenderIntoRects(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_pack_range *ranges, int num_ranges, stbrp_rect *rects);
+// Calling these functions in sequence is roughly equivalent to calling
+// stbtt_PackFontRanges(). If you more control over the packing of multiple
+// fonts, or if you want to pack custom data into a font texture, take a look
+// at the source to of stbtt_PackFontRanges() and create a custom version
+// using these functions, e.g. call GatherRects multiple times,
+// building up a single array of rects, then call PackRects once,
+// then call RenderIntoRects repeatedly. This may result in a
+// better packing than calling PackFontRanges multiple times
+// (or it may not).
+
+// this is an opaque structure that you shouldn't mess with which holds
+// all the context needed from PackBegin to PackEnd.
+struct stbtt_pack_context {
+   void *user_allocator_context;
+   void *pack_info;
+   int   width;
+   int   height;
+   int   stride_in_bytes;
+   int   padding;
+   int   skip_missing;
+   unsigned int   h_oversample, v_oversample;
+   unsigned char *pixels;
+   void  *nodes;
+};
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FONT LOADING
+//
+//
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetNumberOfFonts(const unsigned char *data);
+// This function will determine the number of fonts in a font file.  TrueType
+// collection (.ttc) files may contain multiple fonts, while TrueType font
+// (.ttf) files only contain one font. The number of fonts can be used for
+// indexing with the previous function where the index is between zero and one
+// less than the total fonts. If an error occurs, -1 is returned.
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex(const unsigned char *data, int index);
+// Each .ttf/.ttc file may have more than one font. Each font has a sequential
+// index number starting from 0. Call this function to get the font offset for
+// a given index; it returns -1 if the index is out of range. A regular .ttf
+// file will only define one font and it always be at offset 0, so it will
+// return '0' for index 0, and -1 for all other indices.
+
+// The following structure is defined publicly so you can declare one on
+// the stack or as a global or etc, but you should treat it as opaque.
+struct stbtt_fontinfo
+{
+   void           * userdata;
+   unsigned char  * data;              // pointer to .ttf file
+   int              fontstart;         // offset of start of font
+
+   int numGlyphs;                     // number of glyphs, needed for range checking
+
+   int loca,head,glyf,hhea,hmtx,kern,gpos,svg; // table locations as offset from start of .ttf
+   int index_map;                     // a cmap mapping for our chosen character encoding
+   int indexToLocFormat;              // format needed to map from glyph index to glyph
+
+   stbtt__buf cff;                    // cff font data
+   stbtt__buf charstrings;            // the charstring index
+   stbtt__buf gsubrs;                 // global charstring subroutines index
+   stbtt__buf subrs;                  // private charstring subroutines index
+   stbtt__buf fontdicts;              // array of font dicts
+   stbtt__buf fdselect;               // map from glyph to fontdict
+};
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_InitFont(stbtt_fontinfo *info, const unsigned char *data, int offset);
+// Given an offset into the file that defines a font, this function builds
+// the necessary cached info for the rest of the system. You must allocate
+// the stbtt_fontinfo yourself, and stbtt_InitFont will fill it out. You don't
+// need to do anything special to free it, because the contents are pure
+// value data with no additional data structures. Returns 0 on failure.
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// CHARACTER TO GLYPH-INDEX CONVERSIOn
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int unicode_codepoint);
+// If you're going to perform multiple operations on the same character
+// and you want a speed-up, call this function with the character you're
+// going to process, then use glyph-based functions instead of the
+// codepoint-based functions.
+// Returns 0 if the character codepoint is not defined in the font.
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// CHARACTER PROPERTIES
+//
+
+STBTT_DEF float stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float pixels);
+// computes a scale factor to produce a font whose "height" is 'pixels' tall.
+// Height is measured as the distance from the highest ascender to the lowest
+// descender; in other words, it's equivalent to calling stbtt_GetFontVMetrics
+// and computing:
+//       scale = pixels / (ascent - descent)
+// so if you prefer to measure height by the ascent only, use a similar calculation.
+
+STBTT_DEF float stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float pixels);
+// computes a scale factor to produce a font whose EM size is mapped to
+// 'pixels' tall. This is probably what traditional APIs compute, but
+// I'm not positive.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetFontVMetrics(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int *ascent, int *descent, int *lineGap);
+// ascent is the coordinate above the baseline the font extends; descent
+// is the coordinate below the baseline the font extends (i.e. it is typically negative)
+// lineGap is the spacing between one row's descent and the next row's ascent...
+// so you should advance the vertical position by "*ascent - *descent + *lineGap"
+//   these are expressed in unscaled coordinates, so you must multiply by
+//   the scale factor for a given size
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetFontVMetricsOS2(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int *typoAscent, int *typoDescent, int *typoLineGap);
+// analogous to GetFontVMetrics, but returns the "typographic" values from the OS/2
+// table (specific to MS/Windows TTF files).
+//
+// Returns 1 on success (table present), 0 on failure.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetFontBoundingBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1);
+// the bounding box around all possible characters
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int codepoint, int *advanceWidth, int *leftSideBearing);
+// leftSideBearing is the offset from the current horizontal position to the left edge of the character
+// advanceWidth is the offset from the current horizontal position to the next horizontal position
+//   these are expressed in unscaled coordinates
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetCodepointKernAdvance(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int ch1, int ch2);
+// an additional amount to add to the 'advance' value between ch1 and ch2
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetCodepointBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int codepoint, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1);
+// Gets the bounding box of the visible part of the glyph, in unscaled coordinates
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetGlyphHMetrics(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, int *advanceWidth, int *leftSideBearing);
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetGlyphKernAdvance(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph1, int glyph2);
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetGlyphBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1);
+// as above, but takes one or more glyph indices for greater efficiency
+
+typedef struct stbtt_kerningentry
+{
+   int glyph1; // use stbtt_FindGlyphIndex
+   int glyph2;
+   int advance;
+} stbtt_kerningentry;
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetKerningTableLength(const stbtt_fontinfo *info);
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetKerningTable(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_kerningentry* table, int table_length);
+// Retrieves a complete list of all of the kerning pairs provided by the font
+// stbtt_GetKerningTable never writes more than table_length entries and returns how many entries it did write.
+// The table will be sorted by (a.glyph1 == b.glyph1)?(a.glyph2 < b.glyph2):(a.glyph1 < b.glyph1)
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// GLYPH SHAPES (you probably don't need these, but they have to go before
+// the bitmaps for C declaration-order reasons)
+//
+
+#ifndef STBTT_vmove // you can predefine these to use different values (but why?)
+   enum {
+      STBTT_vmove=1,
+      STBTT_vline,
+      STBTT_vcurve,
+      STBTT_vcubic
+   };
+#endif
+
+#ifndef stbtt_vertex // you can predefine this to use different values
+                   // (we share this with other code at RAD)
+   #define stbtt_vertex_type short // can't use stbtt_int16 because that's not visible in the header file
+   typedef struct
+   {
+      stbtt_vertex_type x,y,cx,cy,cx1,cy1;
+      unsigned char type,padding;
+   } stbtt_vertex;
+#endif
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_IsGlyphEmpty(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index);
+// returns non-zero if nothing is drawn for this glyph
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetCodepointShape(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int unicode_codepoint, stbtt_vertex **vertices);
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetGlyphShape(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, stbtt_vertex **vertices);
+// returns # of vertices and fills *vertices with the pointer to them
+//   these are expressed in "unscaled" coordinates
+//
+// The shape is a series of contours. Each one starts with
+// a STBTT_moveto, then consists of a series of mixed
+// STBTT_lineto and STBTT_curveto segments. A lineto
+// draws a line from previous endpoint to its x,y; a curveto
+// draws a quadratic bezier from previous endpoint to
+// its x,y, using cx,cy as the bezier control point.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeShape(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_vertex *vertices);
+// frees the data allocated above
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_FindSVGDoc(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int gl);
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetCodepointSVG(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int unicode_codepoint, const char **svg);
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetGlyphSVG(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int gl, const char **svg);
+// fills svg with the character's SVG data.
+// returns data size or 0 if SVG not found.
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// BITMAP RENDERING
+//
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeBitmap(unsigned char *bitmap, void *userdata);
+// frees the bitmap allocated below
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetCodepointBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, int codepoint, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff);
+// allocates a large-enough single-channel 8bpp bitmap and renders the
+// specified character/glyph at the specified scale into it, with
+// antialiasing. 0 is no coverage (transparent), 255 is fully covered (opaque).
+// *width & *height are filled out with the width & height of the bitmap,
+// which is stored left-to-right, top-to-bottom.
+//
+// xoff/yoff are the offset it pixel space from the glyph origin to the top-left of the bitmap
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int codepoint, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff);
+// the same as stbtt_GetCodepoitnBitmap, but you can specify a subpixel
+// shift for the character
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, int codepoint);
+// the same as stbtt_GetCodepointBitmap, but you pass in storage for the bitmap
+// in the form of 'output', with row spacing of 'out_stride' bytes. the bitmap
+// is clipped to out_w/out_h bytes. Call stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBox to get the
+// width and height and positioning info for it first.
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int codepoint);
+// same as stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmap, but you can specify a subpixel
+// shift for the character
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmapSubpixelPrefilter(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int oversample_x, int oversample_y, float *sub_x, float *sub_y, int codepoint);
+// same as stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmapSubpixel, but prefiltering
+// is performed (see stbtt_PackSetOversampling)
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int codepoint, float scale_x, float scale_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1);
+// get the bbox of the bitmap centered around the glyph origin; so the
+// bitmap width is ix1-ix0, height is iy1-iy0, and location to place
+// the bitmap top left is (leftSideBearing*scale,iy0).
+// (Note that the bitmap uses y-increases-down, but the shape uses
+// y-increases-up, so CodepointBitmapBox and CodepointBox are inverted.)
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBoxSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int codepoint, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1);
+// same as stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBox, but you can specify a subpixel
+// shift for the character
+
+// the following functions are equivalent to the above functions, but operate
+// on glyph indices instead of Unicode codepoints (for efficiency)
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetGlyphBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, int glyph, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff);
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int glyph, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff);
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, int glyph);
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int glyph);
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixelPrefilter(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int oversample_x, int oversample_y, float *sub_x, float *sub_y, int glyph);
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int glyph, float scale_x, float scale_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1);
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int glyph, float scale_x, float scale_y,float shift_x, float shift_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1);
+
+
+// @TODO: don't expose this structure
+typedef struct
+{
+   int w,h,stride;
+   unsigned char *pixels;
+} stbtt__bitmap;
+
+// rasterize a shape with quadratic beziers into a bitmap
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_Rasterize(stbtt__bitmap *result,        // 1-channel bitmap to draw into
+                               float flatness_in_pixels,     // allowable error of curve in pixels
+                               stbtt_vertex *vertices,       // array of vertices defining shape
+                               int num_verts,                // number of vertices in above array
+                               float scale_x, float scale_y, // scale applied to input vertices
+                               float shift_x, float shift_y, // translation applied to input vertices
+                               int x_off, int y_off,         // another translation applied to input
+                               int invert,                   // if non-zero, vertically flip shape
+                               void *userdata);              // context for to STBTT_MALLOC
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Signed Distance Function (or Field) rendering
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeSDF(unsigned char *bitmap, void *userdata);
+// frees the SDF bitmap allocated below
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char * stbtt_GetGlyphSDF(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale, int glyph, int padding, unsigned char onedge_value, float pixel_dist_scale, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff);
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char * stbtt_GetCodepointSDF(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale, int codepoint, int padding, unsigned char onedge_value, float pixel_dist_scale, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff);
+// These functions compute a discretized SDF field for a single character, suitable for storing
+// in a single-channel texture, sampling with bilinear filtering, and testing against
+// larger than some threshold to produce scalable fonts.
+//        info              --  the font
+//        scale             --  controls the size of the resulting SDF bitmap, same as it would be creating a regular bitmap
+//        glyph/codepoint   --  the character to generate the SDF for
+//        padding           --  extra "pixels" around the character which are filled with the distance to the character (not 0),
+//                                 which allows effects like bit outlines
+//        onedge_value      --  value 0-255 to test the SDF against to reconstruct the character (i.e. the isocontour of the character)
+//        pixel_dist_scale  --  what value the SDF should increase by when moving one SDF "pixel" away from the edge (on the 0..255 scale)
+//                                 if positive, > onedge_value is inside; if negative, < onedge_value is inside
+//        width,height      --  output height & width of the SDF bitmap (including padding)
+//        xoff,yoff         --  output origin of the character
+//        return value      --  a 2D array of bytes 0..255, width*height in size
+//
+// pixel_dist_scale & onedge_value are a scale & bias that allows you to make
+// optimal use of the limited 0..255 for your application, trading off precision
+// and special effects. SDF values outside the range 0..255 are clamped to 0..255.
+//
+// Example:
+//      scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(22)
+//      padding = 5
+//      onedge_value = 180
+//      pixel_dist_scale = 180/5.0 = 36.0
+//
+//      This will create an SDF bitmap in which the character is about 22 pixels
+//      high but the whole bitmap is about 22+5+5=32 pixels high. To produce a filled
+//      shape, sample the SDF at each pixel and fill the pixel if the SDF value
+//      is greater than or equal to 180/255. (You'll actually want to antialias,
+//      which is beyond the scope of this example.) Additionally, you can compute
+//      offset outlines (e.g. to stroke the character border inside & outside,
+//      or only outside). For example, to fill outside the character up to 3 SDF
+//      pixels, you would compare against (180-36.0*3)/255 = 72/255. The above
+//      choice of variables maps a range from 5 pixels outside the shape to
+//      2 pixels inside the shape to 0..255; this is intended primarily for apply
+//      outside effects only (the interior range is needed to allow proper
+//      antialiasing of the font at *smaller* sizes)
+//
+// The function computes the SDF analytically at each SDF pixel, not by e.g.
+// building a higher-res bitmap and approximating it. In theory the quality
+// should be as high as possible for an SDF of this size & representation, but
+// unclear if this is true in practice (perhaps building a higher-res bitmap
+// and computing from that can allow drop-out prevention).
+//
+// The algorithm has not been optimized at all, so expect it to be slow
+// if computing lots of characters or very large sizes.
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Finding the right font...
+//
+// You should really just solve this offline, keep your own tables
+// of what font is what, and don't try to get it out of the .ttf file.
+// That's because getting it out of the .ttf file is really hard, because
+// the names in the file can appear in many possible encodings, in many
+// possible languages, and e.g. if you need a case-insensitive comparison,
+// the details of that depend on the encoding & language in a complex way
+// (actually underspecified in truetype, but also gigantic).
+//
+// But you can use the provided functions in two possible ways:
+//     stbtt_FindMatchingFont() will use *case-sensitive* comparisons on
+//             unicode-encoded names to try to find the font you want;
+//             you can run this before calling stbtt_InitFont()
+//
+//     stbtt_GetFontNameString() lets you get any of the various strings
+//             from the file yourself and do your own comparisons on them.
+//             You have to have called stbtt_InitFont() first.
+
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_FindMatchingFont(const unsigned char *fontdata, const char *name, int flags);
+// returns the offset (not index) of the font that matches, or -1 if none
+//   if you use STBTT_MACSTYLE_DONTCARE, use a font name like "Arial Bold".
+//   if you use any other flag, use a font name like "Arial"; this checks
+//     the 'macStyle' header field; i don't know if fonts set this consistently
+#define STBTT_MACSTYLE_DONTCARE     0
+#define STBTT_MACSTYLE_BOLD         1
+#define STBTT_MACSTYLE_ITALIC       2
+#define STBTT_MACSTYLE_UNDERSCORE   4
+#define STBTT_MACSTYLE_NONE         8   // <= not same as 0, this makes us check the bitfield is 0
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian(const char *s1, int len1, const char *s2, int len2);
+// returns 1/0 whether the first string interpreted as utf8 is identical to
+// the second string interpreted as big-endian utf16... useful for strings from next func
+
+STBTT_DEF const char *stbtt_GetFontNameString(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int *length, int platformID, int encodingID, int languageID, int nameID);
+// returns the string (which may be big-endian double byte, e.g. for unicode)
+// and puts the length in bytes in *length.
+//
+// some of the values for the IDs are below; for more see the truetype spec:
+//     http://developer.apple.com/textfonts/TTRefMan/RM06/Chap6name.html
+//     http://www.microsoft.com/typography/otspec/name.htm
+
+enum { // platformID
+   STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_UNICODE   =0,
+   STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_MAC       =1,
+   STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_ISO       =2,
+   STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_MICROSOFT =3
+};
+
+enum { // encodingID for STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_UNICODE
+   STBTT_UNICODE_EID_UNICODE_1_0    =0,
+   STBTT_UNICODE_EID_UNICODE_1_1    =1,
+   STBTT_UNICODE_EID_ISO_10646      =2,
+   STBTT_UNICODE_EID_UNICODE_2_0_BMP=3,
+   STBTT_UNICODE_EID_UNICODE_2_0_FULL=4
+};
+
+enum { // encodingID for STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_MICROSOFT
+   STBTT_MS_EID_SYMBOL        =0,
+   STBTT_MS_EID_UNICODE_BMP   =1,
+   STBTT_MS_EID_SHIFTJIS      =2,
+   STBTT_MS_EID_UNICODE_FULL  =10
+};
+
+enum { // encodingID for STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_MAC; same as Script Manager codes
+   STBTT_MAC_EID_ROMAN        =0,   STBTT_MAC_EID_ARABIC       =4,
+   STBTT_MAC_EID_JAPANESE     =1,   STBTT_MAC_EID_HEBREW       =5,
+   STBTT_MAC_EID_CHINESE_TRAD =2,   STBTT_MAC_EID_GREEK        =6,
+   STBTT_MAC_EID_KOREAN       =3,   STBTT_MAC_EID_RUSSIAN      =7
+};
+
+enum { // languageID for STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_MICROSOFT; same as LCID...
+       // problematic because there are e.g. 16 english LCIDs and 16 arabic LCIDs
+   STBTT_MS_LANG_ENGLISH     =0x0409,   STBTT_MS_LANG_ITALIAN     =0x0410,
+   STBTT_MS_LANG_CHINESE     =0x0804,   STBTT_MS_LANG_JAPANESE    =0x0411,
+   STBTT_MS_LANG_DUTCH       =0x0413,   STBTT_MS_LANG_KOREAN      =0x0412,
+   STBTT_MS_LANG_FRENCH      =0x040c,   STBTT_MS_LANG_RUSSIAN     =0x0419,
+   STBTT_MS_LANG_GERMAN      =0x0407,   STBTT_MS_LANG_SPANISH     =0x0409,
+   STBTT_MS_LANG_HEBREW      =0x040d,   STBTT_MS_LANG_SWEDISH     =0x041D
+};
+
+enum { // languageID for STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_MAC
+   STBTT_MAC_LANG_ENGLISH      =0 ,   STBTT_MAC_LANG_JAPANESE     =11,
+   STBTT_MAC_LANG_ARABIC       =12,   STBTT_MAC_LANG_KOREAN       =23,
+   STBTT_MAC_LANG_DUTCH        =4 ,   STBTT_MAC_LANG_RUSSIAN      =32,
+   STBTT_MAC_LANG_FRENCH       =1 ,   STBTT_MAC_LANG_SPANISH      =6 ,
+   STBTT_MAC_LANG_GERMAN       =2 ,   STBTT_MAC_LANG_SWEDISH      =5 ,
+   STBTT_MAC_LANG_HEBREW       =10,   STBTT_MAC_LANG_CHINESE_SIMPLIFIED =33,
+   STBTT_MAC_LANG_ITALIAN      =3 ,   STBTT_MAC_LANG_CHINESE_TRAD =19
+};
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // __STB_INCLUDE_STB_TRUETYPE_H__
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+////
+////   IMPLEMENTATION
+////
+////
+
+#ifdef STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#ifndef STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE
+#define STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE   8
+#endif
+
+#if STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE > 255
+#error "STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE cannot be > 255"
+#endif
+
+typedef int stbtt__test_oversample_pow2[(STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE & (STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE-1)) == 0 ? 1 : -1];
+
+#ifndef STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION
+#define STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION 2
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define STBTT__NOTUSED(v)  (void)(v)
+#else
+#define STBTT__NOTUSED(v)  (void)sizeof(v)
+#endif
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// stbtt__buf helpers to parse data from file
+//
+
+static stbtt_uint8 stbtt__buf_get8(stbtt__buf *b)
+{
+   if (b->cursor >= b->size)
+      return 0;
+   return b->data[b->cursor++];
+}
+
+static stbtt_uint8 stbtt__buf_peek8(stbtt__buf *b)
+{
+   if (b->cursor >= b->size)
+      return 0;
+   return b->data[b->cursor];
+}
+
+static void stbtt__buf_seek(stbtt__buf *b, int o)
+{
+   STBTT_assert(!(o > b->size || o < 0));
+   b->cursor = (o > b->size || o < 0) ? b->size : o;
+}
+
+static void stbtt__buf_skip(stbtt__buf *b, int o)
+{
+   stbtt__buf_seek(b, b->cursor + o);
+}
+
+static stbtt_uint32 stbtt__buf_get(stbtt__buf *b, int n)
+{
+   stbtt_uint32 v = 0;
+   int i;
+   STBTT_assert(n >= 1 && n <= 4);
+   for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+      v = (v << 8) | stbtt__buf_get8(b);
+   return v;
+}
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__new_buf(const void *p, size_t size)
+{
+   stbtt__buf r;
+   STBTT_assert(size < 0x40000000);
+   r.data = (stbtt_uint8*) p;
+   r.size = (int) size;
+   r.cursor = 0;
+   return r;
+}
+
+#define stbtt__buf_get16(b)  stbtt__buf_get((b), 2)
+#define stbtt__buf_get32(b)  stbtt__buf_get((b), 4)
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__buf_range(const stbtt__buf *b, int o, int s)
+{
+   stbtt__buf r = stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0);
+   if (o < 0 || s < 0 || o > b->size || s > b->size - o) return r;
+   r.data = b->data + o;
+   r.size = s;
+   return r;
+}
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__cff_get_index(stbtt__buf *b)
+{
+   int count, start, offsize;
+   start = b->cursor;
+   count = stbtt__buf_get16(b);
+   if (count) {
+      offsize = stbtt__buf_get8(b);
+      STBTT_assert(offsize >= 1 && offsize <= 4);
+      stbtt__buf_skip(b, offsize * count);
+      stbtt__buf_skip(b, stbtt__buf_get(b, offsize) - 1);
+   }
+   return stbtt__buf_range(b, start, b->cursor - start);
+}
+
+static stbtt_uint32 stbtt__cff_int(stbtt__buf *b)
+{
+   int b0 = stbtt__buf_get8(b);
+   if (b0 >= 32 && b0 <= 246)       return b0 - 139;
+   else if (b0 >= 247 && b0 <= 250) return (b0 - 247)*256 + stbtt__buf_get8(b) + 108;
+   else if (b0 >= 251 && b0 <= 254) return -(b0 - 251)*256 - stbtt__buf_get8(b) - 108;
+   else if (b0 == 28)               return stbtt__buf_get16(b);
+   else if (b0 == 29)               return stbtt__buf_get32(b);
+   STBTT_assert(0);
+   return 0;
+}
+
+static void stbtt__cff_skip_operand(stbtt__buf *b) {
+   int v, b0 = stbtt__buf_peek8(b);
+   STBTT_assert(b0 >= 28);
+   if (b0 == 30) {
+      stbtt__buf_skip(b, 1);
+      while (b->cursor < b->size) {
+         v = stbtt__buf_get8(b);
+         if ((v & 0xF) == 0xF || (v >> 4) == 0xF)
+            break;
+      }
+   } else {
+      stbtt__cff_int(b);
+   }
+}
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__dict_get(stbtt__buf *b, int key)
+{
+   stbtt__buf_seek(b, 0);
+   while (b->cursor < b->size) {
+      int start = b->cursor, end, op;
+      while (stbtt__buf_peek8(b) >= 28)
+         stbtt__cff_skip_operand(b);
+      end = b->cursor;
+      op = stbtt__buf_get8(b);
+      if (op == 12)  op = stbtt__buf_get8(b) | 0x100;
+      if (op == key) return stbtt__buf_range(b, start, end-start);
+   }
+   return stbtt__buf_range(b, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static void stbtt__dict_get_ints(stbtt__buf *b, int key, int outcount, stbtt_uint32 *out)
+{
+   int i;
+   stbtt__buf operands = stbtt__dict_get(b, key);
+   for (i = 0; i < outcount && operands.cursor < operands.size; i++)
+      out[i] = stbtt__cff_int(&operands);
+}
+
+static int stbtt__cff_index_count(stbtt__buf *b)
+{
+   stbtt__buf_seek(b, 0);
+   return stbtt__buf_get16(b);
+}
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__cff_index_get(stbtt__buf b, int i)
+{
+   int count, offsize, start, end;
+   stbtt__buf_seek(&b, 0);
+   count = stbtt__buf_get16(&b);
+   offsize = stbtt__buf_get8(&b);
+   STBTT_assert(i >= 0 && i < count);
+   STBTT_assert(offsize >= 1 && offsize <= 4);
+   stbtt__buf_skip(&b, i*offsize);
+   start = stbtt__buf_get(&b, offsize);
+   end = stbtt__buf_get(&b, offsize);
+   return stbtt__buf_range(&b, 2+(count+1)*offsize+start, end - start);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// accessors to parse data from file
+//
+
+// on platforms that don't allow misaligned reads, if we want to allow
+// truetype fonts that aren't padded to alignment, define ALLOW_UNALIGNED_TRUETYPE
+
+#define ttBYTE(p)     (* (stbtt_uint8 *) (p))
+#define ttCHAR(p)     (* (stbtt_int8 *) (p))
+#define ttFixed(p)    ttLONG(p)
+
+static stbtt_uint16 ttUSHORT(stbtt_uint8 *p) { return p[0]*256 + p[1]; }
+static stbtt_int16 ttSHORT(stbtt_uint8 *p)   { return p[0]*256 + p[1]; }
+static stbtt_uint32 ttULONG(stbtt_uint8 *p)  { return (p[0]<<24) + (p[1]<<16) + (p[2]<<8) + p[3]; }
+static stbtt_int32 ttLONG(stbtt_uint8 *p)    { return (p[0]<<24) + (p[1]<<16) + (p[2]<<8) + p[3]; }
+
+#define stbtt_tag4(p,c0,c1,c2,c3) ((p)[0] == (c0) && (p)[1] == (c1) && (p)[2] == (c2) && (p)[3] == (c3))
+#define stbtt_tag(p,str)           stbtt_tag4(p,str[0],str[1],str[2],str[3])
+
+static int stbtt__isfont(stbtt_uint8 *font)
+{
+   // check the version number
+   if (stbtt_tag4(font, '1',0,0,0))  return 1; // TrueType 1
+   if (stbtt_tag(font, "typ1"))   return 1; // TrueType with type 1 font -- we don't support this!
+   if (stbtt_tag(font, "OTTO"))   return 1; // OpenType with CFF
+   if (stbtt_tag4(font, 0,1,0,0)) return 1; // OpenType 1.0
+   if (stbtt_tag(font, "true"))   return 1; // Apple specification for TrueType fonts
+   return 0;
+}
+
+// @OPTIMIZE: binary search
+static stbtt_uint32 stbtt__find_table(stbtt_uint8 *data, stbtt_uint32 fontstart, const char *tag)
+{
+   stbtt_int32 num_tables = ttUSHORT(data+fontstart+4);
+   stbtt_uint32 tabledir = fontstart + 12;
+   stbtt_int32 i;
+   for (i=0; i < num_tables; ++i) {
+      stbtt_uint32 loc = tabledir + 16*i;
+      if (stbtt_tag(data+loc+0, tag))
+         return ttULONG(data+loc+8);
+   }
+   return 0;
+}
+
+static int stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex_internal(unsigned char *font_collection, int index)
+{
+   // if it's just a font, there's only one valid index
+   if (stbtt__isfont(font_collection))
+      return index == 0 ? 0 : -1;
+
+   // check if it's a TTC
+   if (stbtt_tag(font_collection, "ttcf")) {
+      // version 1?
+      if (ttULONG(font_collection+4) == 0x00010000 || ttULONG(font_collection+4) == 0x00020000) {
+         stbtt_int32 n = ttLONG(font_collection+8);
+         if (index >= n)
+            return -1;
+         return ttULONG(font_collection+12+index*4);
+      }
+   }
+   return -1;
+}
+
+static int stbtt_GetNumberOfFonts_internal(unsigned char *font_collection)
+{
+   // if it's just a font, there's only one valid font
+   if (stbtt__isfont(font_collection))
+      return 1;
+
+   // check if it's a TTC
+   if (stbtt_tag(font_collection, "ttcf")) {
+      // version 1?
+      if (ttULONG(font_collection+4) == 0x00010000 || ttULONG(font_collection+4) == 0x00020000) {
+         return ttLONG(font_collection+8);
+      }
+   }
+   return 0;
+}
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__get_subrs(stbtt__buf cff, stbtt__buf fontdict)
+{
+   stbtt_uint32 subrsoff = 0, private_loc[2] = { 0, 0 };
+   stbtt__buf pdict;
+   stbtt__dict_get_ints(&fontdict, 18, 2, private_loc);
+   if (!private_loc[1] || !private_loc[0]) return stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0);
+   pdict = stbtt__buf_range(&cff, private_loc[1], private_loc[0]);
+   stbtt__dict_get_ints(&pdict, 19, 1, &subrsoff);
+   if (!subrsoff) return stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0);
+   stbtt__buf_seek(&cff, private_loc[1]+subrsoff);
+   return stbtt__cff_get_index(&cff);
+}
+
+// since most people won't use this, find this table the first time it's needed
+static int stbtt__get_svg(stbtt_fontinfo *info)
+{
+   stbtt_uint32 t;
+   if (info->svg < 0) {
+      t = stbtt__find_table(info->data, info->fontstart, "SVG ");
+      if (t) {
+         stbtt_uint32 offset = ttULONG(info->data + t + 2);
+         info->svg = t + offset;
+      } else {
+         info->svg = 0;
+      }
+   }
+   return info->svg;
+}
+
+static int stbtt_InitFont_internal(stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *data, int fontstart)
+{
+   stbtt_uint32 cmap, t;
+   stbtt_int32 i,numTables;
+
+   info->data = data;
+   info->fontstart = fontstart;
+   info->cff = stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0);
+
+   cmap = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "cmap");       // required
+   info->loca = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "loca"); // required
+   info->head = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "head"); // required
+   info->glyf = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "glyf"); // required
+   info->hhea = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "hhea"); // required
+   info->hmtx = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "hmtx"); // required
+   info->kern = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "kern"); // not required
+   info->gpos = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "GPOS"); // not required
+
+   if (!cmap || !info->head || !info->hhea || !info->hmtx)
+      return 0;
+   if (info->glyf) {
+      // required for truetype
+      if (!info->loca) return 0;
+   } else {
+      // initialization for CFF / Type2 fonts (OTF)
+      stbtt__buf b, topdict, topdictidx;
+      stbtt_uint32 cstype = 2, charstrings = 0, fdarrayoff = 0, fdselectoff = 0;
+      stbtt_uint32 cff;
+
+      cff = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "CFF ");
+      if (!cff) return 0;
+
+      info->fontdicts = stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0);
+      info->fdselect = stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0);
+
+      // @TODO this should use size from table (not 512MB)
+      info->cff = stbtt__new_buf(data+cff, 512*1024*1024);
+      b = info->cff;
+
+      // read the header
+      stbtt__buf_skip(&b, 2);
+      stbtt__buf_seek(&b, stbtt__buf_get8(&b)); // hdrsize
+
+      // @TODO the name INDEX could list multiple fonts,
+      // but we just use the first one.
+      stbtt__cff_get_index(&b);  // name INDEX
+      topdictidx = stbtt__cff_get_index(&b);
+      topdict = stbtt__cff_index_get(topdictidx, 0);
+      stbtt__cff_get_index(&b);  // string INDEX
+      info->gsubrs = stbtt__cff_get_index(&b);
+
+      stbtt__dict_get_ints(&topdict, 17, 1, &charstrings);
+      stbtt__dict_get_ints(&topdict, 0x100 | 6, 1, &cstype);
+      stbtt__dict_get_ints(&topdict, 0x100 | 36, 1, &fdarrayoff);
+      stbtt__dict_get_ints(&topdict, 0x100 | 37, 1, &fdselectoff);
+      info->subrs = stbtt__get_subrs(b, topdict);
+
+      // we only support Type 2 charstrings
+      if (cstype != 2) return 0;
+      if (charstrings == 0) return 0;
+
+      if (fdarrayoff) {
+         // looks like a CID font
+         if (!fdselectoff) return 0;
+         stbtt__buf_seek(&b, fdarrayoff);
+         info->fontdicts = stbtt__cff_get_index(&b);
+         info->fdselect = stbtt__buf_range(&b, fdselectoff, b.size-fdselectoff);
+      }
+
+      stbtt__buf_seek(&b, charstrings);
+      info->charstrings = stbtt__cff_get_index(&b);
+   }
+
+   t = stbtt__find_table(data, fontstart, "maxp");
+   if (t)
+      info->numGlyphs = ttUSHORT(data+t+4);
+   else
+      info->numGlyphs = 0xffff;
+
+   info->svg = -1;
+
+   // find a cmap encoding table we understand *now* to avoid searching
+   // later. (todo: could make this installable)
+   // the same regardless of glyph.
+   numTables = ttUSHORT(data + cmap + 2);
+   info->index_map = 0;
+   for (i=0; i < numTables; ++i) {
+      stbtt_uint32 encoding_record = cmap + 4 + 8 * i;
+      // find an encoding we understand:
+      switch(ttUSHORT(data+encoding_record)) {
+         case STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_MICROSOFT:
+            switch (ttUSHORT(data+encoding_record+2)) {
+               case STBTT_MS_EID_UNICODE_BMP:
+               case STBTT_MS_EID_UNICODE_FULL:
+                  // MS/Unicode
+                  info->index_map = cmap + ttULONG(data+encoding_record+4);
+                  break;
+            }
+            break;
+        case STBTT_PLATFORM_ID_UNICODE:
+            // Mac/iOS has these
+            // all the encodingIDs are unicode, so we don't bother to check it
+            info->index_map = cmap + ttULONG(data+encoding_record+4);
+            break;
+      }
+   }
+   if (info->index_map == 0)
+      return 0;
+
+   info->indexToLocFormat = ttUSHORT(data+info->head + 50);
+   return 1;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int unicode_codepoint)
+{
+   stbtt_uint8 *data = info->data;
+   stbtt_uint32 index_map = info->index_map;
+
+   stbtt_uint16 format = ttUSHORT(data + index_map + 0);
+   if (format == 0) { // apple byte encoding
+      stbtt_int32 bytes = ttUSHORT(data + index_map + 2);
+      if (unicode_codepoint < bytes-6)
+         return ttBYTE(data + index_map + 6 + unicode_codepoint);
+      return 0;
+   } else if (format == 6) {
+      stbtt_uint32 first = ttUSHORT(data + index_map + 6);
+      stbtt_uint32 count = ttUSHORT(data + index_map + 8);
+      if ((stbtt_uint32) unicode_codepoint >= first && (stbtt_uint32) unicode_codepoint < first+count)
+         return ttUSHORT(data + index_map + 10 + (unicode_codepoint - first)*2);
+      return 0;
+   } else if (format == 2) {
+      STBTT_assert(0); // @TODO: high-byte mapping for japanese/chinese/korean
+      return 0;
+   } else if (format == 4) { // standard mapping for windows fonts: binary search collection of ranges
+      stbtt_uint16 segcount = ttUSHORT(data+index_map+6) >> 1;
+      stbtt_uint16 searchRange = ttUSHORT(data+index_map+8) >> 1;
+      stbtt_uint16 entrySelector = ttUSHORT(data+index_map+10);
+      stbtt_uint16 rangeShift = ttUSHORT(data+index_map+12) >> 1;
+
+      // do a binary search of the segments
+      stbtt_uint32 endCount = index_map + 14;
+      stbtt_uint32 search = endCount;
+
+      if (unicode_codepoint > 0xffff)
+         return 0;
+
+      // they lie from endCount .. endCount + segCount
+      // but searchRange is the nearest power of two, so...
+      if (unicode_codepoint >= ttUSHORT(data + search + rangeShift*2))
+         search += rangeShift*2;
+
+      // now decrement to bias correctly to find smallest
+      search -= 2;
+      while (entrySelector) {
+         stbtt_uint16 end;
+         searchRange >>= 1;
+         end = ttUSHORT(data + search + searchRange*2);
+         if (unicode_codepoint > end)
+            search += searchRange*2;
+         --entrySelector;
+      }
+      search += 2;
+
+      {
+         stbtt_uint16 offset, start, last;
+         stbtt_uint16 item = (stbtt_uint16) ((search - endCount) >> 1);
+
+         start = ttUSHORT(data + index_map + 14 + segcount*2 + 2 + 2*item);
+         last = ttUSHORT(data + endCount + 2*item);
+         if (unicode_codepoint < start || unicode_codepoint > last)
+            return 0;
+
+         offset = ttUSHORT(data + index_map + 14 + segcount*6 + 2 + 2*item);
+         if (offset == 0)
+            return (stbtt_uint16) (unicode_codepoint + ttSHORT(data + index_map + 14 + segcount*4 + 2 + 2*item));
+
+         return ttUSHORT(data + offset + (unicode_codepoint-start)*2 + index_map + 14 + segcount*6 + 2 + 2*item);
+      }
+   } else if (format == 12 || format == 13) {
+      stbtt_uint32 ngroups = ttULONG(data+index_map+12);
+      stbtt_int32 low,high;
+      low = 0; high = (stbtt_int32)ngroups;
+      // Binary search the right group.
+      while (low < high) {
+         stbtt_int32 mid = low + ((high-low) >> 1); // rounds down, so low <= mid < high
+         stbtt_uint32 start_char = ttULONG(data+index_map+16+mid*12);
+         stbtt_uint32 end_char = ttULONG(data+index_map+16+mid*12+4);
+         if ((stbtt_uint32) unicode_codepoint < start_char)
+            high = mid;
+         else if ((stbtt_uint32) unicode_codepoint > end_char)
+            low = mid+1;
+         else {
+            stbtt_uint32 start_glyph = ttULONG(data+index_map+16+mid*12+8);
+            if (format == 12)
+               return start_glyph + unicode_codepoint-start_char;
+            else // format == 13
+               return start_glyph;
+         }
+      }
+      return 0; // not found
+   }
+   // @TODO
+   STBTT_assert(0);
+   return 0;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetCodepointShape(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int unicode_codepoint, stbtt_vertex **vertices)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetGlyphShape(info, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info, unicode_codepoint), vertices);
+}
+
+static void stbtt_setvertex(stbtt_vertex *v, stbtt_uint8 type, stbtt_int32 x, stbtt_int32 y, stbtt_int32 cx, stbtt_int32 cy)
+{
+   v->type = type;
+   v->x = (stbtt_int16) x;
+   v->y = (stbtt_int16) y;
+   v->cx = (stbtt_int16) cx;
+   v->cy = (stbtt_int16) cy;
+}
+
+static int stbtt__GetGlyfOffset(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index)
+{
+   int g1,g2;
+
+   STBTT_assert(!info->cff.size);
+
+   if (glyph_index >= info->numGlyphs) return -1; // glyph index out of range
+   if (info->indexToLocFormat >= 2)    return -1; // unknown index->glyph map format
+
+   if (info->indexToLocFormat == 0) {
+      g1 = info->glyf + ttUSHORT(info->data + info->loca + glyph_index * 2) * 2;
+      g2 = info->glyf + ttUSHORT(info->data + info->loca + glyph_index * 2 + 2) * 2;
+   } else {
+      g1 = info->glyf + ttULONG (info->data + info->loca + glyph_index * 4);
+      g2 = info->glyf + ttULONG (info->data + info->loca + glyph_index * 4 + 4);
+   }
+
+   return g1==g2 ? -1 : g1; // if length is 0, return -1
+}
+
+static int stbtt__GetGlyphInfoT2(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1);
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetGlyphBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1)
+{
+   if (info->cff.size) {
+      stbtt__GetGlyphInfoT2(info, glyph_index, x0, y0, x1, y1);
+   } else {
+      int g = stbtt__GetGlyfOffset(info, glyph_index);
+      if (g < 0) return 0;
+
+      if (x0) *x0 = ttSHORT(info->data + g + 2);
+      if (y0) *y0 = ttSHORT(info->data + g + 4);
+      if (x1) *x1 = ttSHORT(info->data + g + 6);
+      if (y1) *y1 = ttSHORT(info->data + g + 8);
+   }
+   return 1;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetCodepointBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int codepoint, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetGlyphBox(info, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info,codepoint), x0,y0,x1,y1);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_IsGlyphEmpty(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index)
+{
+   stbtt_int16 numberOfContours;
+   int g;
+   if (info->cff.size)
+      return stbtt__GetGlyphInfoT2(info, glyph_index, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) == 0;
+   g = stbtt__GetGlyfOffset(info, glyph_index);
+   if (g < 0) return 1;
+   numberOfContours = ttSHORT(info->data + g);
+   return numberOfContours == 0;
+}
+
+static int stbtt__close_shape(stbtt_vertex *vertices, int num_vertices, int was_off, int start_off,
+    stbtt_int32 sx, stbtt_int32 sy, stbtt_int32 scx, stbtt_int32 scy, stbtt_int32 cx, stbtt_int32 cy)
+{
+   if (start_off) {
+      if (was_off)
+         stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vcurve, (cx+scx)>>1, (cy+scy)>>1, cx,cy);
+      stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vcurve, sx,sy,scx,scy);
+   } else {
+      if (was_off)
+         stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vcurve,sx,sy,cx,cy);
+      else
+         stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vline,sx,sy,0,0);
+   }
+   return num_vertices;
+}
+
+static int stbtt__GetGlyphShapeTT(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, stbtt_vertex **pvertices)
+{
+   stbtt_int16 numberOfContours;
+   stbtt_uint8 *endPtsOfContours;
+   stbtt_uint8 *data = info->data;
+   stbtt_vertex *vertices=0;
+   int num_vertices=0;
+   int g = stbtt__GetGlyfOffset(info, glyph_index);
+
+   *pvertices = NULL;
+
+   if (g < 0) return 0;
+
+   numberOfContours = ttSHORT(data + g);
+
+   if (numberOfContours > 0) {
+      stbtt_uint8 flags=0,flagcount;
+      stbtt_int32 ins, i,j=0,m,n, next_move, was_off=0, off, start_off=0;
+      stbtt_int32 x,y,cx,cy,sx,sy, scx,scy;
+      stbtt_uint8 *points;
+      endPtsOfContours = (data + g + 10);
+      ins = ttUSHORT(data + g + 10 + numberOfContours * 2);
+      points = data + g + 10 + numberOfContours * 2 + 2 + ins;
+
+      n = 1+ttUSHORT(endPtsOfContours + numberOfContours*2-2);
+
+      m = n + 2*numberOfContours;  // a loose bound on how many vertices we might need
+      vertices = (stbtt_vertex *) STBTT_malloc(m * sizeof(vertices[0]), info->userdata);
+      if (vertices == 0)
+         return 0;
+
+      next_move = 0;
+      flagcount=0;
+
+      // in first pass, we load uninterpreted data into the allocated array
+      // above, shifted to the end of the array so we won't overwrite it when
+      // we create our final data starting from the front
+
+      off = m - n; // starting offset for uninterpreted data, regardless of how m ends up being calculated
+
+      // first load flags
+
+      for (i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+         if (flagcount == 0) {
+            flags = *points++;
+            if (flags & 8)
+               flagcount = *points++;
+         } else
+            --flagcount;
+         vertices[off+i].type = flags;
+      }
+
+      // now load x coordinates
+      x=0;
+      for (i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+         flags = vertices[off+i].type;
+         if (flags & 2) {
+            stbtt_int16 dx = *points++;
+            x += (flags & 16) ? dx : -dx; // ???
+         } else {
+            if (!(flags & 16)) {
+               x = x + (stbtt_int16) (points[0]*256 + points[1]);
+               points += 2;
+            }
+         }
+         vertices[off+i].x = (stbtt_int16) x;
+      }
+
+      // now load y coordinates
+      y=0;
+      for (i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+         flags = vertices[off+i].type;
+         if (flags & 4) {
+            stbtt_int16 dy = *points++;
+            y += (flags & 32) ? dy : -dy; // ???
+         } else {
+            if (!(flags & 32)) {
+               y = y + (stbtt_int16) (points[0]*256 + points[1]);
+               points += 2;
+            }
+         }
+         vertices[off+i].y = (stbtt_int16) y;
+      }
+
+      // now convert them to our format
+      num_vertices=0;
+      sx = sy = cx = cy = scx = scy = 0;
+      for (i=0; i < n; ++i) {
+         flags = vertices[off+i].type;
+         x     = (stbtt_int16) vertices[off+i].x;
+         y     = (stbtt_int16) vertices[off+i].y;
+
+         if (next_move == i) {
+            if (i != 0)
+               num_vertices = stbtt__close_shape(vertices, num_vertices, was_off, start_off, sx,sy,scx,scy,cx,cy);
+
+            // now start the new one
+            start_off = !(flags & 1);
+            if (start_off) {
+               // if we start off with an off-curve point, then when we need to find a point on the curve
+               // where we can start, and we need to save some state for when we wraparound.
+               scx = x;
+               scy = y;
+               if (!(vertices[off+i+1].type & 1)) {
+                  // next point is also a curve point, so interpolate an on-point curve
+                  sx = (x + (stbtt_int32) vertices[off+i+1].x) >> 1;
+                  sy = (y + (stbtt_int32) vertices[off+i+1].y) >> 1;
+               } else {
+                  // otherwise just use the next point as our start point
+                  sx = (stbtt_int32) vertices[off+i+1].x;
+                  sy = (stbtt_int32) vertices[off+i+1].y;
+                  ++i; // we're using point i+1 as the starting point, so skip it
+               }
+            } else {
+               sx = x;
+               sy = y;
+            }
+            stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vmove,sx,sy,0,0);
+            was_off = 0;
+            next_move = 1 + ttUSHORT(endPtsOfContours+j*2);
+            ++j;
+         } else {
+            if (!(flags & 1)) { // if it's a curve
+               if (was_off) // two off-curve control points in a row means interpolate an on-curve midpoint
+                  stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vcurve, (cx+x)>>1, (cy+y)>>1, cx, cy);
+               cx = x;
+               cy = y;
+               was_off = 1;
+            } else {
+               if (was_off)
+                  stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vcurve, x,y, cx, cy);
+               else
+                  stbtt_setvertex(&vertices[num_vertices++], STBTT_vline, x,y,0,0);
+               was_off = 0;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      num_vertices = stbtt__close_shape(vertices, num_vertices, was_off, start_off, sx,sy,scx,scy,cx,cy);
+   } else if (numberOfContours < 0) {
+      // Compound shapes.
+      int more = 1;
+      stbtt_uint8 *comp = data + g + 10;
+      num_vertices = 0;
+      vertices = 0;
+      while (more) {
+         stbtt_uint16 flags, gidx;
+         int comp_num_verts = 0, i;
+         stbtt_vertex *comp_verts = 0, *tmp = 0;
+         float mtx[6] = {1,0,0,1,0,0}, m, n;
+
+         flags = ttSHORT(comp); comp+=2;
+         gidx = ttSHORT(comp); comp+=2;
+
+         if (flags & 2) { // XY values
+            if (flags & 1) { // shorts
+               mtx[4] = ttSHORT(comp); comp+=2;
+               mtx[5] = ttSHORT(comp); comp+=2;
+            } else {
+               mtx[4] = ttCHAR(comp); comp+=1;
+               mtx[5] = ttCHAR(comp); comp+=1;
+            }
+         }
+         else {
+            // @TODO handle matching point
+            STBTT_assert(0);
+         }
+         if (flags & (1<<3)) { // WE_HAVE_A_SCALE
+            mtx[0] = mtx[3] = ttSHORT(comp)/16384.0f; comp+=2;
+            mtx[1] = mtx[2] = 0;
+         } else if (flags & (1<<6)) { // WE_HAVE_AN_X_AND_YSCALE
+            mtx[0] = ttSHORT(comp)/16384.0f; comp+=2;
+            mtx[1] = mtx[2] = 0;
+            mtx[3] = ttSHORT(comp)/16384.0f; comp+=2;
+         } else if (flags & (1<<7)) { // WE_HAVE_A_TWO_BY_TWO
+            mtx[0] = ttSHORT(comp)/16384.0f; comp+=2;
+            mtx[1] = ttSHORT(comp)/16384.0f; comp+=2;
+            mtx[2] = ttSHORT(comp)/16384.0f; comp+=2;
+            mtx[3] = ttSHORT(comp)/16384.0f; comp+=2;
+         }
+
+         // Find transformation scales.
+         m = (float) STBTT_sqrt(mtx[0]*mtx[0] + mtx[1]*mtx[1]);
+         n = (float) STBTT_sqrt(mtx[2]*mtx[2] + mtx[3]*mtx[3]);
+
+         // Get indexed glyph.
+         comp_num_verts = stbtt_GetGlyphShape(info, gidx, &comp_verts);
+         if (comp_num_verts > 0) {
+            // Transform vertices.
+            for (i = 0; i < comp_num_verts; ++i) {
+               stbtt_vertex* v = &comp_verts[i];
+               stbtt_vertex_type x,y;
+               x=v->x; y=v->y;
+               v->x = (stbtt_vertex_type)(m * (mtx[0]*x + mtx[2]*y + mtx[4]));
+               v->y = (stbtt_vertex_type)(n * (mtx[1]*x + mtx[3]*y + mtx[5]));
+               x=v->cx; y=v->cy;
+               v->cx = (stbtt_vertex_type)(m * (mtx[0]*x + mtx[2]*y + mtx[4]));
+               v->cy = (stbtt_vertex_type)(n * (mtx[1]*x + mtx[3]*y + mtx[5]));
+            }
+            // Append vertices.
+            tmp = (stbtt_vertex*)STBTT_malloc((num_vertices+comp_num_verts)*sizeof(stbtt_vertex), info->userdata);
+            if (!tmp) {
+               if (vertices) STBTT_free(vertices, info->userdata);
+               if (comp_verts) STBTT_free(comp_verts, info->userdata);
+               return 0;
+            }
+            if (num_vertices > 0 && vertices) STBTT_memcpy(tmp, vertices, num_vertices*sizeof(stbtt_vertex));
+            STBTT_memcpy(tmp+num_vertices, comp_verts, comp_num_verts*sizeof(stbtt_vertex));
+            if (vertices) STBTT_free(vertices, info->userdata);
+            vertices = tmp;
+            STBTT_free(comp_verts, info->userdata);
+            num_vertices += comp_num_verts;
+         }
+         // More components ?
+         more = flags & (1<<5);
+      }
+   } else {
+      // numberOfCounters == 0, do nothing
+   }
+
+   *pvertices = vertices;
+   return num_vertices;
+}
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   int bounds;
+   int started;
+   float first_x, first_y;
+   float x, y;
+   stbtt_int32 min_x, max_x, min_y, max_y;
+
+   stbtt_vertex *pvertices;
+   int num_vertices;
+} stbtt__csctx;
+
+#define STBTT__CSCTX_INIT(bounds) {bounds,0, 0,0, 0,0, 0,0,0,0, NULL, 0}
+
+static void stbtt__track_vertex(stbtt__csctx *c, stbtt_int32 x, stbtt_int32 y)
+{
+   if (x > c->max_x || !c->started) c->max_x = x;
+   if (y > c->max_y || !c->started) c->max_y = y;
+   if (x < c->min_x || !c->started) c->min_x = x;
+   if (y < c->min_y || !c->started) c->min_y = y;
+   c->started = 1;
+}
+
+static void stbtt__csctx_v(stbtt__csctx *c, stbtt_uint8 type, stbtt_int32 x, stbtt_int32 y, stbtt_int32 cx, stbtt_int32 cy, stbtt_int32 cx1, stbtt_int32 cy1)
+{
+   if (c->bounds) {
+      stbtt__track_vertex(c, x, y);
+      if (type == STBTT_vcubic) {
+         stbtt__track_vertex(c, cx, cy);
+         stbtt__track_vertex(c, cx1, cy1);
+      }
+   } else {
+      stbtt_setvertex(&c->pvertices[c->num_vertices], type, x, y, cx, cy);
+      c->pvertices[c->num_vertices].cx1 = (stbtt_int16) cx1;
+      c->pvertices[c->num_vertices].cy1 = (stbtt_int16) cy1;
+   }
+   c->num_vertices++;
+}
+
+static void stbtt__csctx_close_shape(stbtt__csctx *ctx)
+{
+   if (ctx->first_x != ctx->x || ctx->first_y != ctx->y)
+      stbtt__csctx_v(ctx, STBTT_vline, (int)ctx->first_x, (int)ctx->first_y, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static void stbtt__csctx_rmove_to(stbtt__csctx *ctx, float dx, float dy)
+{
+   stbtt__csctx_close_shape(ctx);
+   ctx->first_x = ctx->x = ctx->x + dx;
+   ctx->first_y = ctx->y = ctx->y + dy;
+   stbtt__csctx_v(ctx, STBTT_vmove, (int)ctx->x, (int)ctx->y, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static void stbtt__csctx_rline_to(stbtt__csctx *ctx, float dx, float dy)
+{
+   ctx->x += dx;
+   ctx->y += dy;
+   stbtt__csctx_v(ctx, STBTT_vline, (int)ctx->x, (int)ctx->y, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+}
+
+static void stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(stbtt__csctx *ctx, float dx1, float dy1, float dx2, float dy2, float dx3, float dy3)
+{
+   float cx1 = ctx->x + dx1;
+   float cy1 = ctx->y + dy1;
+   float cx2 = cx1 + dx2;
+   float cy2 = cy1 + dy2;
+   ctx->x = cx2 + dx3;
+   ctx->y = cy2 + dy3;
+   stbtt__csctx_v(ctx, STBTT_vcubic, (int)ctx->x, (int)ctx->y, (int)cx1, (int)cy1, (int)cx2, (int)cy2);
+}
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__get_subr(stbtt__buf idx, int n)
+{
+   int count = stbtt__cff_index_count(&idx);
+   int bias = 107;
+   if (count >= 33900)
+      bias = 32768;
+   else if (count >= 1240)
+      bias = 1131;
+   n += bias;
+   if (n < 0 || n >= count)
+      return stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0);
+   return stbtt__cff_index_get(idx, n);
+}
+
+static stbtt__buf stbtt__cid_get_glyph_subrs(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index)
+{
+   stbtt__buf fdselect = info->fdselect;
+   int nranges, start, end, v, fmt, fdselector = -1, i;
+
+   stbtt__buf_seek(&fdselect, 0);
+   fmt = stbtt__buf_get8(&fdselect);
+   if (fmt == 0) {
+      // untested
+      stbtt__buf_skip(&fdselect, glyph_index);
+      fdselector = stbtt__buf_get8(&fdselect);
+   } else if (fmt == 3) {
+      nranges = stbtt__buf_get16(&fdselect);
+      start = stbtt__buf_get16(&fdselect);
+      for (i = 0; i < nranges; i++) {
+         v = stbtt__buf_get8(&fdselect);
+         end = stbtt__buf_get16(&fdselect);
+         if (glyph_index >= start && glyph_index < end) {
+            fdselector = v;
+            break;
+         }
+         start = end;
+      }
+   }
+   if (fdselector == -1) return stbtt__new_buf(NULL, 0); // [DEAR IMGUI] fixed, see #6007 and nothings/stb#1422
+   return stbtt__get_subrs(info->cff, stbtt__cff_index_get(info->fontdicts, fdselector));
+}
+
+static int stbtt__run_charstring(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, stbtt__csctx *c)
+{
+   int in_header = 1, maskbits = 0, subr_stack_height = 0, sp = 0, v, i, b0;
+   int has_subrs = 0, clear_stack;
+   float s[48];
+   stbtt__buf subr_stack[10], subrs = info->subrs, b;
+   float f;
+
+#define STBTT__CSERR(s) (0)
+
+   // this currently ignores the initial width value, which isn't needed if we have hmtx
+   b = stbtt__cff_index_get(info->charstrings, glyph_index);
+   while (b.cursor < b.size) {
+      i = 0;
+      clear_stack = 1;
+      b0 = stbtt__buf_get8(&b);
+      switch (b0) {
+      // @TODO implement hinting
+      case 0x13: // hintmask
+      case 0x14: // cntrmask
+         if (in_header)
+            maskbits += (sp / 2); // implicit "vstem"
+         in_header = 0;
+         stbtt__buf_skip(&b, (maskbits + 7) / 8);
+         break;
+
+      case 0x01: // hstem
+      case 0x03: // vstem
+      case 0x12: // hstemhm
+      case 0x17: // vstemhm
+         maskbits += (sp / 2);
+         break;
+
+      case 0x15: // rmoveto
+         in_header = 0;
+         if (sp < 2) return STBTT__CSERR("rmoveto stack");
+         stbtt__csctx_rmove_to(c, s[sp-2], s[sp-1]);
+         break;
+      case 0x04: // vmoveto
+         in_header = 0;
+         if (sp < 1) return STBTT__CSERR("vmoveto stack");
+         stbtt__csctx_rmove_to(c, 0, s[sp-1]);
+         break;
+      case 0x16: // hmoveto
+         in_header = 0;
+         if (sp < 1) return STBTT__CSERR("hmoveto stack");
+         stbtt__csctx_rmove_to(c, s[sp-1], 0);
+         break;
+
+      case 0x05: // rlineto
+         if (sp < 2) return STBTT__CSERR("rlineto stack");
+         for (; i + 1 < sp; i += 2)
+            stbtt__csctx_rline_to(c, s[i], s[i+1]);
+         break;
+
+      // hlineto/vlineto and vhcurveto/hvcurveto alternate horizontal and vertical
+      // starting from a different place.
+
+      case 0x07: // vlineto
+         if (sp < 1) return STBTT__CSERR("vlineto stack");
+         goto vlineto;
+      case 0x06: // hlineto
+         if (sp < 1) return STBTT__CSERR("hlineto stack");
+         for (;;) {
+            if (i >= sp) break;
+            stbtt__csctx_rline_to(c, s[i], 0);
+            i++;
+      vlineto:
+            if (i >= sp) break;
+            stbtt__csctx_rline_to(c, 0, s[i]);
+            i++;
+         }
+         break;
+
+      case 0x1F: // hvcurveto
+         if (sp < 4) return STBTT__CSERR("hvcurveto stack");
+         goto hvcurveto;
+      case 0x1E: // vhcurveto
+         if (sp < 4) return STBTT__CSERR("vhcurveto stack");
+         for (;;) {
+            if (i + 3 >= sp) break;
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, 0, s[i], s[i+1], s[i+2], s[i+3], (sp - i == 5) ? s[i + 4] : 0.0f);
+            i += 4;
+      hvcurveto:
+            if (i + 3 >= sp) break;
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, s[i], 0, s[i+1], s[i+2], (sp - i == 5) ? s[i+4] : 0.0f, s[i+3]);
+            i += 4;
+         }
+         break;
+
+      case 0x08: // rrcurveto
+         if (sp < 6) return STBTT__CSERR("rcurveline stack");
+         for (; i + 5 < sp; i += 6)
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, s[i], s[i+1], s[i+2], s[i+3], s[i+4], s[i+5]);
+         break;
+
+      case 0x18: // rcurveline
+         if (sp < 8) return STBTT__CSERR("rcurveline stack");
+         for (; i + 5 < sp - 2; i += 6)
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, s[i], s[i+1], s[i+2], s[i+3], s[i+4], s[i+5]);
+         if (i + 1 >= sp) return STBTT__CSERR("rcurveline stack");
+         stbtt__csctx_rline_to(c, s[i], s[i+1]);
+         break;
+
+      case 0x19: // rlinecurve
+         if (sp < 8) return STBTT__CSERR("rlinecurve stack");
+         for (; i + 1 < sp - 6; i += 2)
+            stbtt__csctx_rline_to(c, s[i], s[i+1]);
+         if (i + 5 >= sp) return STBTT__CSERR("rlinecurve stack");
+         stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, s[i], s[i+1], s[i+2], s[i+3], s[i+4], s[i+5]);
+         break;
+
+      case 0x1A: // vvcurveto
+      case 0x1B: // hhcurveto
+         if (sp < 4) return STBTT__CSERR("(vv|hh)curveto stack");
+         f = 0.0;
+         if (sp & 1) { f = s[i]; i++; }
+         for (; i + 3 < sp; i += 4) {
+            if (b0 == 0x1B)
+               stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, s[i], f, s[i+1], s[i+2], s[i+3], 0.0);
+            else
+               stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, f, s[i], s[i+1], s[i+2], 0.0, s[i+3]);
+            f = 0.0;
+         }
+         break;
+
+      case 0x0A: // callsubr
+         if (!has_subrs) {
+            if (info->fdselect.size)
+               subrs = stbtt__cid_get_glyph_subrs(info, glyph_index);
+            has_subrs = 1;
+         }
+         // FALLTHROUGH
+      case 0x1D: // callgsubr
+         if (sp < 1) return STBTT__CSERR("call(g|)subr stack");
+         v = (int) s[--sp];
+         if (subr_stack_height >= 10) return STBTT__CSERR("recursion limit");
+         subr_stack[subr_stack_height++] = b;
+         b = stbtt__get_subr(b0 == 0x0A ? subrs : info->gsubrs, v);
+         if (b.size == 0) return STBTT__CSERR("subr not found");
+         b.cursor = 0;
+         clear_stack = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case 0x0B: // return
+         if (subr_stack_height <= 0) return STBTT__CSERR("return outside subr");
+         b = subr_stack[--subr_stack_height];
+         clear_stack = 0;
+         break;
+
+      case 0x0E: // endchar
+         stbtt__csctx_close_shape(c);
+         return 1;
+
+      case 0x0C: { // two-byte escape
+         float dx1, dx2, dx3, dx4, dx5, dx6, dy1, dy2, dy3, dy4, dy5, dy6;
+         float dx, dy;
+         int b1 = stbtt__buf_get8(&b);
+         switch (b1) {
+         // @TODO These "flex" implementations ignore the flex-depth and resolution,
+         // and always draw beziers.
+         case 0x22: // hflex
+            if (sp < 7) return STBTT__CSERR("hflex stack");
+            dx1 = s[0];
+            dx2 = s[1];
+            dy2 = s[2];
+            dx3 = s[3];
+            dx4 = s[4];
+            dx5 = s[5];
+            dx6 = s[6];
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx1, 0, dx2, dy2, dx3, 0);
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx4, 0, dx5, -dy2, dx6, 0);
+            break;
+
+         case 0x23: // flex
+            if (sp < 13) return STBTT__CSERR("flex stack");
+            dx1 = s[0];
+            dy1 = s[1];
+            dx2 = s[2];
+            dy2 = s[3];
+            dx3 = s[4];
+            dy3 = s[5];
+            dx4 = s[6];
+            dy4 = s[7];
+            dx5 = s[8];
+            dy5 = s[9];
+            dx6 = s[10];
+            dy6 = s[11];
+            //fd is s[12]
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, dx3, dy3);
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx4, dy4, dx5, dy5, dx6, dy6);
+            break;
+
+         case 0x24: // hflex1
+            if (sp < 9) return STBTT__CSERR("hflex1 stack");
+            dx1 = s[0];
+            dy1 = s[1];
+            dx2 = s[2];
+            dy2 = s[3];
+            dx3 = s[4];
+            dx4 = s[5];
+            dx5 = s[6];
+            dy5 = s[7];
+            dx6 = s[8];
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, dx3, 0);
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx4, 0, dx5, dy5, dx6, -(dy1+dy2+dy5));
+            break;
+
+         case 0x25: // flex1
+            if (sp < 11) return STBTT__CSERR("flex1 stack");
+            dx1 = s[0];
+            dy1 = s[1];
+            dx2 = s[2];
+            dy2 = s[3];
+            dx3 = s[4];
+            dy3 = s[5];
+            dx4 = s[6];
+            dy4 = s[7];
+            dx5 = s[8];
+            dy5 = s[9];
+            dx6 = dy6 = s[10];
+            dx = dx1+dx2+dx3+dx4+dx5;
+            dy = dy1+dy2+dy3+dy4+dy5;
+            if (STBTT_fabs(dx) > STBTT_fabs(dy))
+               dy6 = -dy;
+            else
+               dx6 = -dx;
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx1, dy1, dx2, dy2, dx3, dy3);
+            stbtt__csctx_rccurve_to(c, dx4, dy4, dx5, dy5, dx6, dy6);
+            break;
+
+         default:
+            return STBTT__CSERR("unimplemented");
+         }
+      } break;
+
+      default:
+         if (b0 != 255 && b0 != 28 && b0 < 32)
+            return STBTT__CSERR("reserved operator");
+
+         // push immediate
+         if (b0 == 255) {
+            f = (float)(stbtt_int32)stbtt__buf_get32(&b) / 0x10000;
+         } else {
+            stbtt__buf_skip(&b, -1);
+            f = (float)(stbtt_int16)stbtt__cff_int(&b);
+         }
+         if (sp >= 48) return STBTT__CSERR("push stack overflow");
+         s[sp++] = f;
+         clear_stack = 0;
+         break;
+      }
+      if (clear_stack) sp = 0;
+   }
+   return STBTT__CSERR("no endchar");
+
+#undef STBTT__CSERR
+}
+
+static int stbtt__GetGlyphShapeT2(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, stbtt_vertex **pvertices)
+{
+   // runs the charstring twice, once to count and once to output (to avoid realloc)
+   stbtt__csctx count_ctx = STBTT__CSCTX_INIT(1);
+   stbtt__csctx output_ctx = STBTT__CSCTX_INIT(0);
+   if (stbtt__run_charstring(info, glyph_index, &count_ctx)) {
+      *pvertices = (stbtt_vertex*)STBTT_malloc(count_ctx.num_vertices*sizeof(stbtt_vertex), info->userdata);
+      output_ctx.pvertices = *pvertices;
+      if (stbtt__run_charstring(info, glyph_index, &output_ctx)) {
+         STBTT_assert(output_ctx.num_vertices == count_ctx.num_vertices);
+         return output_ctx.num_vertices;
+      }
+   }
+   *pvertices = NULL;
+   return 0;
+}
+
+static int stbtt__GetGlyphInfoT2(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1)
+{
+   stbtt__csctx c = STBTT__CSCTX_INIT(1);
+   int r = stbtt__run_charstring(info, glyph_index, &c);
+   if (x0)  *x0 = r ? c.min_x : 0;
+   if (y0)  *y0 = r ? c.min_y : 0;
+   if (x1)  *x1 = r ? c.max_x : 0;
+   if (y1)  *y1 = r ? c.max_y : 0;
+   return r ? c.num_vertices : 0;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetGlyphShape(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, stbtt_vertex **pvertices)
+{
+   if (!info->cff.size)
+      return stbtt__GetGlyphShapeTT(info, glyph_index, pvertices);
+   else
+      return stbtt__GetGlyphShapeT2(info, glyph_index, pvertices);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetGlyphHMetrics(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph_index, int *advanceWidth, int *leftSideBearing)
+{
+   stbtt_uint16 numOfLongHorMetrics = ttUSHORT(info->data+info->hhea + 34);
+   if (glyph_index < numOfLongHorMetrics) {
+      if (advanceWidth)     *advanceWidth    = ttSHORT(info->data + info->hmtx + 4*glyph_index);
+      if (leftSideBearing)  *leftSideBearing = ttSHORT(info->data + info->hmtx + 4*glyph_index + 2);
+   } else {
+      if (advanceWidth)     *advanceWidth    = ttSHORT(info->data + info->hmtx + 4*(numOfLongHorMetrics-1));
+      if (leftSideBearing)  *leftSideBearing = ttSHORT(info->data + info->hmtx + 4*numOfLongHorMetrics + 2*(glyph_index - numOfLongHorMetrics));
+   }
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetKerningTableLength(const stbtt_fontinfo *info)
+{
+   stbtt_uint8 *data = info->data + info->kern;
+
+   // we only look at the first table. it must be 'horizontal' and format 0.
+   if (!info->kern)
+      return 0;
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+2) < 1) // number of tables, need at least 1
+      return 0;
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+8) != 1) // horizontal flag must be set in format
+      return 0;
+
+   return ttUSHORT(data+10);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetKerningTable(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_kerningentry* table, int table_length)
+{
+   stbtt_uint8 *data = info->data + info->kern;
+   int k, length;
+
+   // we only look at the first table. it must be 'horizontal' and format 0.
+   if (!info->kern)
+      return 0;
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+2) < 1) // number of tables, need at least 1
+      return 0;
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+8) != 1) // horizontal flag must be set in format
+      return 0;
+
+   length = ttUSHORT(data+10);
+   if (table_length < length)
+      length = table_length;
+
+   for (k = 0; k < length; k++)
+   {
+      table[k].glyph1 = ttUSHORT(data+18+(k*6));
+      table[k].glyph2 = ttUSHORT(data+20+(k*6));
+      table[k].advance = ttSHORT(data+22+(k*6));
+   }
+
+   return length;
+}
+
+static int stbtt__GetGlyphKernInfoAdvance(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph1, int glyph2)
+{
+   stbtt_uint8 *data = info->data + info->kern;
+   stbtt_uint32 needle, straw;
+   int l, r, m;
+
+   // we only look at the first table. it must be 'horizontal' and format 0.
+   if (!info->kern)
+      return 0;
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+2) < 1) // number of tables, need at least 1
+      return 0;
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+8) != 1) // horizontal flag must be set in format
+      return 0;
+
+   l = 0;
+   r = ttUSHORT(data+10) - 1;
+   needle = glyph1 << 16 | glyph2;
+   while (l <= r) {
+      m = (l + r) >> 1;
+      straw = ttULONG(data+18+(m*6)); // note: unaligned read
+      if (needle < straw)
+         r = m - 1;
+      else if (needle > straw)
+         l = m + 1;
+      else
+         return ttSHORT(data+22+(m*6));
+   }
+   return 0;
+}
+
+static stbtt_int32 stbtt__GetCoverageIndex(stbtt_uint8 *coverageTable, int glyph)
+{
+   stbtt_uint16 coverageFormat = ttUSHORT(coverageTable);
+   switch (coverageFormat) {
+      case 1: {
+         stbtt_uint16 glyphCount = ttUSHORT(coverageTable + 2);
+
+         // Binary search.
+         stbtt_int32 l=0, r=glyphCount-1, m;
+         int straw, needle=glyph;
+         while (l <= r) {
+            stbtt_uint8 *glyphArray = coverageTable + 4;
+            stbtt_uint16 glyphID;
+            m = (l + r) >> 1;
+            glyphID = ttUSHORT(glyphArray + 2 * m);
+            straw = glyphID;
+            if (needle < straw)
+               r = m - 1;
+            else if (needle > straw)
+               l = m + 1;
+            else {
+               return m;
+            }
+         }
+         break;
+      }
+
+      case 2: {
+         stbtt_uint16 rangeCount = ttUSHORT(coverageTable + 2);
+         stbtt_uint8 *rangeArray = coverageTable + 4;
+
+         // Binary search.
+         stbtt_int32 l=0, r=rangeCount-1, m;
+         int strawStart, strawEnd, needle=glyph;
+         while (l <= r) {
+            stbtt_uint8 *rangeRecord;
+            m = (l + r) >> 1;
+            rangeRecord = rangeArray + 6 * m;
+            strawStart = ttUSHORT(rangeRecord);
+            strawEnd = ttUSHORT(rangeRecord + 2);
+            if (needle < strawStart)
+               r = m - 1;
+            else if (needle > strawEnd)
+               l = m + 1;
+            else {
+               stbtt_uint16 startCoverageIndex = ttUSHORT(rangeRecord + 4);
+               return startCoverageIndex + glyph - strawStart;
+            }
+         }
+         break;
+      }
+
+      default: return -1; // unsupported
+   }
+
+   return -1;
+}
+
+static stbtt_int32  stbtt__GetGlyphClass(stbtt_uint8 *classDefTable, int glyph)
+{
+   stbtt_uint16 classDefFormat = ttUSHORT(classDefTable);
+   switch (classDefFormat)
+   {
+      case 1: {
+         stbtt_uint16 startGlyphID = ttUSHORT(classDefTable + 2);
+         stbtt_uint16 glyphCount = ttUSHORT(classDefTable + 4);
+         stbtt_uint8 *classDef1ValueArray = classDefTable + 6;
+
+         if (glyph >= startGlyphID && glyph < startGlyphID + glyphCount)
+            return (stbtt_int32)ttUSHORT(classDef1ValueArray + 2 * (glyph - startGlyphID));
+         break;
+      }
+
+      case 2: {
+         stbtt_uint16 classRangeCount = ttUSHORT(classDefTable + 2);
+         stbtt_uint8 *classRangeRecords = classDefTable + 4;
+
+         // Binary search.
+         stbtt_int32 l=0, r=classRangeCount-1, m;
+         int strawStart, strawEnd, needle=glyph;
+         while (l <= r) {
+            stbtt_uint8 *classRangeRecord;
+            m = (l + r) >> 1;
+            classRangeRecord = classRangeRecords + 6 * m;
+            strawStart = ttUSHORT(classRangeRecord);
+            strawEnd = ttUSHORT(classRangeRecord + 2);
+            if (needle < strawStart)
+               r = m - 1;
+            else if (needle > strawEnd)
+               l = m + 1;
+            else
+               return (stbtt_int32)ttUSHORT(classRangeRecord + 4);
+         }
+         break;
+      }
+
+      default:
+         return -1; // Unsupported definition type, return an error.
+   }
+
+   // "All glyphs not assigned to a class fall into class 0". (OpenType spec)
+   return 0;
+}
+
+// Define to STBTT_assert(x) if you want to break on unimplemented formats.
+#define STBTT_GPOS_TODO_assert(x)
+
+static stbtt_int32 stbtt__GetGlyphGPOSInfoAdvance(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int glyph1, int glyph2)
+{
+   stbtt_uint16 lookupListOffset;
+   stbtt_uint8 *lookupList;
+   stbtt_uint16 lookupCount;
+   stbtt_uint8 *data;
+   stbtt_int32 i, sti;
+
+   if (!info->gpos) return 0;
+
+   data = info->data + info->gpos;
+
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+0) != 1) return 0; // Major version 1
+   if (ttUSHORT(data+2) != 0) return 0; // Minor version 0
+
+   lookupListOffset = ttUSHORT(data+8);
+   lookupList = data + lookupListOffset;
+   lookupCount = ttUSHORT(lookupList);
+
+   for (i=0; i<lookupCount; ++i) {
+      stbtt_uint16 lookupOffset = ttUSHORT(lookupList + 2 + 2 * i);
+      stbtt_uint8 *lookupTable = lookupList + lookupOffset;
+
+      stbtt_uint16 lookupType = ttUSHORT(lookupTable);
+      stbtt_uint16 subTableCount = ttUSHORT(lookupTable + 4);
+      stbtt_uint8 *subTableOffsets = lookupTable + 6;
+      if (lookupType != 2) // Pair Adjustment Positioning Subtable
+         continue;
+
+      for (sti=0; sti<subTableCount; sti++) {
+         stbtt_uint16 subtableOffset = ttUSHORT(subTableOffsets + 2 * sti);
+         stbtt_uint8 *table = lookupTable + subtableOffset;
+         stbtt_uint16 posFormat = ttUSHORT(table);
+         stbtt_uint16 coverageOffset = ttUSHORT(table + 2);
+         stbtt_int32 coverageIndex = stbtt__GetCoverageIndex(table + coverageOffset, glyph1);
+         if (coverageIndex == -1) continue;
+
+         switch (posFormat) {
+            case 1: {
+               stbtt_int32 l, r, m;
+               int straw, needle;
+               stbtt_uint16 valueFormat1 = ttUSHORT(table + 4);
+               stbtt_uint16 valueFormat2 = ttUSHORT(table + 6);
+               if (valueFormat1 == 4 && valueFormat2 == 0) { // Support more formats?
+                  stbtt_int32 valueRecordPairSizeInBytes = 2;
+                  stbtt_uint16 pairSetCount = ttUSHORT(table + 8);
+                  stbtt_uint16 pairPosOffset = ttUSHORT(table + 10 + 2 * coverageIndex);
+                  stbtt_uint8 *pairValueTable = table + pairPosOffset;
+                  stbtt_uint16 pairValueCount = ttUSHORT(pairValueTable);
+                  stbtt_uint8 *pairValueArray = pairValueTable + 2;
+
+                  if (coverageIndex >= pairSetCount) return 0;
+
+                  needle=glyph2;
+                  r=pairValueCount-1;
+                  l=0;
+
+                  // Binary search.
+                  while (l <= r) {
+                     stbtt_uint16 secondGlyph;
+                     stbtt_uint8 *pairValue;
+                     m = (l + r) >> 1;
+                     pairValue = pairValueArray + (2 + valueRecordPairSizeInBytes) * m;
+                     secondGlyph = ttUSHORT(pairValue);
+                     straw = secondGlyph;
+                     if (needle < straw)
+                        r = m - 1;
+                     else if (needle > straw)
+                        l = m + 1;
+                     else {
+                        stbtt_int16 xAdvance = ttSHORT(pairValue + 2);
+                        return xAdvance;
+                     }
+                  }
+               } else
+                  return 0;
+               break;
+            }
+
+            case 2: {
+               stbtt_uint16 valueFormat1 = ttUSHORT(table + 4);
+               stbtt_uint16 valueFormat2 = ttUSHORT(table + 6);
+               if (valueFormat1 == 4 && valueFormat2 == 0) { // Support more formats?
+                  stbtt_uint16 classDef1Offset = ttUSHORT(table + 8);
+                  stbtt_uint16 classDef2Offset = ttUSHORT(table + 10);
+                  int glyph1class = stbtt__GetGlyphClass(table + classDef1Offset, glyph1);
+                  int glyph2class = stbtt__GetGlyphClass(table + classDef2Offset, glyph2);
+
+                  stbtt_uint16 class1Count = ttUSHORT(table + 12);
+                  stbtt_uint16 class2Count = ttUSHORT(table + 14);
+                  stbtt_uint8 *class1Records, *class2Records;
+                  stbtt_int16 xAdvance;
+
+                  if (glyph1class < 0 || glyph1class >= class1Count) return 0; // malformed
+                  if (glyph2class < 0 || glyph2class >= class2Count) return 0; // malformed
+
+                  class1Records = table + 16;
+                  class2Records = class1Records + 2 * (glyph1class * class2Count);
+                  xAdvance = ttSHORT(class2Records + 2 * glyph2class);
+                  return xAdvance;
+               } else
+                  return 0;
+               break;
+            }
+
+            default:
+               return 0; // Unsupported position format
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   return 0;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetGlyphKernAdvance(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int g1, int g2)
+{
+   int xAdvance = 0;
+
+   if (info->gpos)
+      xAdvance += stbtt__GetGlyphGPOSInfoAdvance(info, g1, g2);
+   else if (info->kern)
+      xAdvance += stbtt__GetGlyphKernInfoAdvance(info, g1, g2);
+
+   return xAdvance;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetCodepointKernAdvance(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int ch1, int ch2)
+{
+   if (!info->kern && !info->gpos) // if no kerning table, don't waste time looking up both codepoint->glyphs
+      return 0;
+   return stbtt_GetGlyphKernAdvance(info, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info,ch1), stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info,ch2));
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetCodepointHMetrics(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int codepoint, int *advanceWidth, int *leftSideBearing)
+{
+   stbtt_GetGlyphHMetrics(info, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info,codepoint), advanceWidth, leftSideBearing);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetFontVMetrics(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int *ascent, int *descent, int *lineGap)
+{
+   if (ascent ) *ascent  = ttSHORT(info->data+info->hhea + 4);
+   if (descent) *descent = ttSHORT(info->data+info->hhea + 6);
+   if (lineGap) *lineGap = ttSHORT(info->data+info->hhea + 8);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int  stbtt_GetFontVMetricsOS2(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int *typoAscent, int *typoDescent, int *typoLineGap)
+{
+   int tab = stbtt__find_table(info->data, info->fontstart, "OS/2");
+   if (!tab)
+      return 0;
+   if (typoAscent ) *typoAscent  = ttSHORT(info->data+tab + 68);
+   if (typoDescent) *typoDescent = ttSHORT(info->data+tab + 70);
+   if (typoLineGap) *typoLineGap = ttSHORT(info->data+tab + 72);
+   return 1;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetFontBoundingBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int *x0, int *y0, int *x1, int *y1)
+{
+   *x0 = ttSHORT(info->data + info->head + 36);
+   *y0 = ttSHORT(info->data + info->head + 38);
+   *x1 = ttSHORT(info->data + info->head + 40);
+   *y1 = ttSHORT(info->data + info->head + 42);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF float stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float height)
+{
+   int fheight = ttSHORT(info->data + info->hhea + 4) - ttSHORT(info->data + info->hhea + 6);
+   return (float) height / fheight;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF float stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float pixels)
+{
+   int unitsPerEm = ttUSHORT(info->data + info->head + 18);
+   return pixels / unitsPerEm;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeShape(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_vertex *v)
+{
+   STBTT_free(v, info->userdata);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF stbtt_uint8 *stbtt_FindSVGDoc(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int gl)
+{
+   int i;
+   stbtt_uint8 *data = info->data;
+   stbtt_uint8 *svg_doc_list = data + stbtt__get_svg((stbtt_fontinfo *) info);
+
+   int numEntries = ttUSHORT(svg_doc_list);
+   stbtt_uint8 *svg_docs = svg_doc_list + 2;
+
+   for(i=0; i<numEntries; i++) {
+      stbtt_uint8 *svg_doc = svg_docs + (12 * i);
+      if ((gl >= ttUSHORT(svg_doc)) && (gl <= ttUSHORT(svg_doc + 2)))
+         return svg_doc;
+   }
+   return 0;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetGlyphSVG(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int gl, const char **svg)
+{
+   stbtt_uint8 *data = info->data;
+   stbtt_uint8 *svg_doc;
+
+   if (info->svg == 0)
+      return 0;
+
+   svg_doc = stbtt_FindSVGDoc(info, gl);
+   if (svg_doc != NULL) {
+      *svg = (char *) data + info->svg + ttULONG(svg_doc + 4);
+      return ttULONG(svg_doc + 8);
+   } else {
+      return 0;
+   }
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetCodepointSVG(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, int unicode_codepoint, const char **svg)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetGlyphSVG(info, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info, unicode_codepoint), svg);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// antialiasing software rasterizer
+//
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int glyph, float scale_x, float scale_y,float shift_x, float shift_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1)
+{
+   int x0=0,y0=0,x1,y1; // =0 suppresses compiler warning
+   if (!stbtt_GetGlyphBox(font, glyph, &x0,&y0,&x1,&y1)) {
+      // e.g. space character
+      if (ix0) *ix0 = 0;
+      if (iy0) *iy0 = 0;
+      if (ix1) *ix1 = 0;
+      if (iy1) *iy1 = 0;
+   } else {
+      // move to integral bboxes (treating pixels as little squares, what pixels get touched)?
+      if (ix0) *ix0 = STBTT_ifloor( x0 * scale_x + shift_x);
+      if (iy0) *iy0 = STBTT_ifloor(-y1 * scale_y + shift_y);
+      if (ix1) *ix1 = STBTT_iceil ( x1 * scale_x + shift_x);
+      if (iy1) *iy1 = STBTT_iceil (-y0 * scale_y + shift_y);
+   }
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int glyph, float scale_x, float scale_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1)
+{
+   stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(font, glyph, scale_x, scale_y,0.0f,0.0f, ix0, iy0, ix1, iy1);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBoxSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int codepoint, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1)
+{
+   stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(font, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(font,codepoint), scale_x, scale_y,shift_x,shift_y, ix0,iy0,ix1,iy1);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBox(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int codepoint, float scale_x, float scale_y, int *ix0, int *iy0, int *ix1, int *iy1)
+{
+   stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapBoxSubpixel(font, codepoint, scale_x, scale_y,0.0f,0.0f, ix0,iy0,ix1,iy1);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//  Rasterizer
+
+typedef struct stbtt__hheap_chunk
+{
+   struct stbtt__hheap_chunk *next;
+} stbtt__hheap_chunk;
+
+typedef struct stbtt__hheap
+{
+   struct stbtt__hheap_chunk *head;
+   void   *first_free;
+   int    num_remaining_in_head_chunk;
+} stbtt__hheap;
+
+static void *stbtt__hheap_alloc(stbtt__hheap *hh, size_t size, void *userdata)
+{
+   if (hh->first_free) {
+      void *p = hh->first_free;
+      hh->first_free = * (void **) p;
+      return p;
+   } else {
+      if (hh->num_remaining_in_head_chunk == 0) {
+         int count = (size < 32 ? 2000 : size < 128 ? 800 : 100);
+         stbtt__hheap_chunk *c = (stbtt__hheap_chunk *) STBTT_malloc(sizeof(stbtt__hheap_chunk) + size * count, userdata);
+         if (c == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+         c->next = hh->head;
+         hh->head = c;
+         hh->num_remaining_in_head_chunk = count;
+      }
+      --hh->num_remaining_in_head_chunk;
+      return (char *) (hh->head) + sizeof(stbtt__hheap_chunk) + size * hh->num_remaining_in_head_chunk;
+   }
+}
+
+static void stbtt__hheap_free(stbtt__hheap *hh, void *p)
+{
+   *(void **) p = hh->first_free;
+   hh->first_free = p;
+}
+
+static void stbtt__hheap_cleanup(stbtt__hheap *hh, void *userdata)
+{
+   stbtt__hheap_chunk *c = hh->head;
+   while (c) {
+      stbtt__hheap_chunk *n = c->next;
+      STBTT_free(c, userdata);
+      c = n;
+   }
+}
+
+typedef struct stbtt__edge {
+   float x0,y0, x1,y1;
+   int invert;
+} stbtt__edge;
+
+
+typedef struct stbtt__active_edge
+{
+   struct stbtt__active_edge *next;
+   #if STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION==1
+   int x,dx;
+   float ey;
+   int direction;
+   #elif STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION==2
+   float fx,fdx,fdy;
+   float direction;
+   float sy;
+   float ey;
+   #else
+   #error "Unrecognized value of STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION"
+   #endif
+} stbtt__active_edge;
+
+#if STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION == 1
+#define STBTT_FIXSHIFT   10
+#define STBTT_FIX        (1 << STBTT_FIXSHIFT)
+#define STBTT_FIXMASK    (STBTT_FIX-1)
+
+static stbtt__active_edge *stbtt__new_active(stbtt__hheap *hh, stbtt__edge *e, int off_x, float start_point, void *userdata)
+{
+   stbtt__active_edge *z = (stbtt__active_edge *) stbtt__hheap_alloc(hh, sizeof(*z), userdata);
+   float dxdy = (e->x1 - e->x0) / (e->y1 - e->y0);
+   STBTT_assert(z != NULL);
+   if (!z) return z;
+
+   // round dx down to avoid overshooting
+   if (dxdy < 0)
+      z->dx = -STBTT_ifloor(STBTT_FIX * -dxdy);
+   else
+      z->dx = STBTT_ifloor(STBTT_FIX * dxdy);
+
+   z->x = STBTT_ifloor(STBTT_FIX * e->x0 + z->dx * (start_point - e->y0)); // use z->dx so when we offset later it's by the same amount
+   z->x -= off_x * STBTT_FIX;
+
+   z->ey = e->y1;
+   z->next = 0;
+   z->direction = e->invert ? 1 : -1;
+   return z;
+}
+#elif STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION == 2
+static stbtt__active_edge *stbtt__new_active(stbtt__hheap *hh, stbtt__edge *e, int off_x, float start_point, void *userdata)
+{
+   stbtt__active_edge *z = (stbtt__active_edge *) stbtt__hheap_alloc(hh, sizeof(*z), userdata);
+   float dxdy = (e->x1 - e->x0) / (e->y1 - e->y0);
+   STBTT_assert(z != NULL);
+   //STBTT_assert(e->y0 <= start_point);
+   if (!z) return z;
+   z->fdx = dxdy;
+   z->fdy = dxdy != 0.0f ? (1.0f/dxdy) : 0.0f;
+   z->fx = e->x0 + dxdy * (start_point - e->y0);
+   z->fx -= off_x;
+   z->direction = e->invert ? 1.0f : -1.0f;
+   z->sy = e->y0;
+   z->ey = e->y1;
+   z->next = 0;
+   return z;
+}
+#else
+#error "Unrecognized value of STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION"
+#endif
+
+#if STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION == 1
+// note: this routine clips fills that extend off the edges... ideally this
+// wouldn't happen, but it could happen if the truetype glyph bounding boxes
+// are wrong, or if the user supplies a too-small bitmap
+static void stbtt__fill_active_edges(unsigned char *scanline, int len, stbtt__active_edge *e, int max_weight)
+{
+   // non-zero winding fill
+   int x0=0, w=0;
+
+   while (e) {
+      if (w == 0) {
+         // if we're currently at zero, we need to record the edge start point
+         x0 = e->x; w += e->direction;
+      } else {
+         int x1 = e->x; w += e->direction;
+         // if we went to zero, we need to draw
+         if (w == 0) {
+            int i = x0 >> STBTT_FIXSHIFT;
+            int j = x1 >> STBTT_FIXSHIFT;
+
+            if (i < len && j >= 0) {
+               if (i == j) {
+                  // x0,x1 are the same pixel, so compute combined coverage
+                  scanline[i] = scanline[i] + (stbtt_uint8) ((x1 - x0) * max_weight >> STBTT_FIXSHIFT);
+               } else {
+                  if (i >= 0) // add antialiasing for x0
+                     scanline[i] = scanline[i] + (stbtt_uint8) (((STBTT_FIX - (x0 & STBTT_FIXMASK)) * max_weight) >> STBTT_FIXSHIFT);
+                  else
+                     i = -1; // clip
+
+                  if (j < len) // add antialiasing for x1
+                     scanline[j] = scanline[j] + (stbtt_uint8) (((x1 & STBTT_FIXMASK) * max_weight) >> STBTT_FIXSHIFT);
+                  else
+                     j = len; // clip
+
+                  for (++i; i < j; ++i) // fill pixels between x0 and x1
+                     scanline[i] = scanline[i] + (stbtt_uint8) max_weight;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      e = e->next;
+   }
+}
+
+static void stbtt__rasterize_sorted_edges(stbtt__bitmap *result, stbtt__edge *e, int n, int vsubsample, int off_x, int off_y, void *userdata)
+{
+   stbtt__hheap hh = { 0, 0, 0 };
+   stbtt__active_edge *active = NULL;
+   int y,j=0;
+   int max_weight = (255 / vsubsample);  // weight per vertical scanline
+   int s; // vertical subsample index
+   unsigned char scanline_data[512], *scanline;
+
+   if (result->w > 512)
+      scanline = (unsigned char *) STBTT_malloc(result->w, userdata);
+   else
+      scanline = scanline_data;
+
+   y = off_y * vsubsample;
+   e[n].y0 = (off_y + result->h) * (float) vsubsample + 1;
+
+   while (j < result->h) {
+      STBTT_memset(scanline, 0, result->w);
+      for (s=0; s < vsubsample; ++s) {
+         // find center of pixel for this scanline
+         float scan_y = y + 0.5f;
+         stbtt__active_edge **step = &active;
+
+         // update all active edges;
+         // remove all active edges that terminate before the center of this scanline
+         while (*step) {
+            stbtt__active_edge * z = *step;
+            if (z->ey <= scan_y) {
+               *step = z->next; // delete from list
+               STBTT_assert(z->direction);
+               z->direction = 0;
+               stbtt__hheap_free(&hh, z);
+            } else {
+               z->x += z->dx; // advance to position for current scanline
+               step = &((*step)->next); // advance through list
+            }
+         }
+
+         // resort the list if needed
+         for(;;) {
+            int changed=0;
+            step = &active;
+            while (*step && (*step)->next) {
+               if ((*step)->x > (*step)->next->x) {
+                  stbtt__active_edge *t = *step;
+                  stbtt__active_edge *q = t->next;
+
+                  t->next = q->next;
+                  q->next = t;
+                  *step = q;
+                  changed = 1;
+               }
+               step = &(*step)->next;
+            }
+            if (!changed) break;
+         }
+
+         // insert all edges that start before the center of this scanline -- omit ones that also end on this scanline
+         while (e->y0 <= scan_y) {
+            if (e->y1 > scan_y) {
+               stbtt__active_edge *z = stbtt__new_active(&hh, e, off_x, scan_y, userdata);
+               if (z != NULL) {
+                  // find insertion point
+                  if (active == NULL)
+                     active = z;
+                  else if (z->x < active->x) {
+                     // insert at front
+                     z->next = active;
+                     active = z;
+                  } else {
+                     // find thing to insert AFTER
+                     stbtt__active_edge *p = active;
+                     while (p->next && p->next->x < z->x)
+                        p = p->next;
+                     // at this point, p->next->x is NOT < z->x
+                     z->next = p->next;
+                     p->next = z;
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            ++e;
+         }
+
+         // now process all active edges in XOR fashion
+         if (active)
+            stbtt__fill_active_edges(scanline, result->w, active, max_weight);
+
+         ++y;
+      }
+      STBTT_memcpy(result->pixels + j * result->stride, scanline, result->w);
+      ++j;
+   }
+
+   stbtt__hheap_cleanup(&hh, userdata);
+
+   if (scanline != scanline_data)
+      STBTT_free(scanline, userdata);
+}
+
+#elif STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION == 2
+
+// the edge passed in here does not cross the vertical line at x or the vertical line at x+1
+// (i.e. it has already been clipped to those)
+static void stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(float *scanline, int x, stbtt__active_edge *e, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1)
+{
+   if (y0 == y1) return;
+   STBTT_assert(y0 < y1);
+   STBTT_assert(e->sy <= e->ey);
+   if (y0 > e->ey) return;
+   if (y1 < e->sy) return;
+   if (y0 < e->sy) {
+      x0 += (x1-x0) * (e->sy - y0) / (y1-y0);
+      y0 = e->sy;
+   }
+   if (y1 > e->ey) {
+      x1 += (x1-x0) * (e->ey - y1) / (y1-y0);
+      y1 = e->ey;
+   }
+
+   if (x0 == x)
+      STBTT_assert(x1 <= x+1);
+   else if (x0 == x+1)
+      STBTT_assert(x1 >= x);
+   else if (x0 <= x)
+      STBTT_assert(x1 <= x);
+   else if (x0 >= x+1)
+      STBTT_assert(x1 >= x+1);
+   else
+      STBTT_assert(x1 >= x && x1 <= x+1);
+
+   if (x0 <= x && x1 <= x)
+      scanline[x] += e->direction * (y1-y0);
+   else if (x0 >= x+1 && x1 >= x+1)
+      ;
+   else {
+      STBTT_assert(x0 >= x && x0 <= x+1 && x1 >= x && x1 <= x+1);
+      scanline[x] += e->direction * (y1-y0) * (1-((x0-x)+(x1-x))/2); // coverage = 1 - average x position
+   }
+}
+
+static float stbtt__sized_trapezoid_area(float height, float top_width, float bottom_width)
+{
+   STBTT_assert(top_width >= 0);
+   STBTT_assert(bottom_width >= 0);
+   return (top_width + bottom_width) / 2.0f * height;
+}
+
+static float stbtt__position_trapezoid_area(float height, float tx0, float tx1, float bx0, float bx1)
+{
+   return stbtt__sized_trapezoid_area(height, tx1 - tx0, bx1 - bx0);
+}
+
+static float stbtt__sized_triangle_area(float height, float width)
+{
+   return height * width / 2;
+}
+
+static void stbtt__fill_active_edges_new(float *scanline, float *scanline_fill, int len, stbtt__active_edge *e, float y_top)
+{
+   float y_bottom = y_top+1;
+
+   while (e) {
+      // brute force every pixel
+
+      // compute intersection points with top & bottom
+      STBTT_assert(e->ey >= y_top);
+
+      if (e->fdx == 0) {
+         float x0 = e->fx;
+         if (x0 < len) {
+            if (x0 >= 0) {
+               stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,(int) x0,e, x0,y_top, x0,y_bottom);
+               stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline_fill-1,(int) x0+1,e, x0,y_top, x0,y_bottom);
+            } else {
+               stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline_fill-1,0,e, x0,y_top, x0,y_bottom);
+            }
+         }
+      } else {
+         float x0 = e->fx;
+         float dx = e->fdx;
+         float xb = x0 + dx;
+         float x_top, x_bottom;
+         float sy0,sy1;
+         float dy = e->fdy;
+         STBTT_assert(e->sy <= y_bottom && e->ey >= y_top);
+
+         // compute endpoints of line segment clipped to this scanline (if the
+         // line segment starts on this scanline. x0 is the intersection of the
+         // line with y_top, but that may be off the line segment.
+         if (e->sy > y_top) {
+            x_top = x0 + dx * (e->sy - y_top);
+            sy0 = e->sy;
+         } else {
+            x_top = x0;
+            sy0 = y_top;
+         }
+         if (e->ey < y_bottom) {
+            x_bottom = x0 + dx * (e->ey - y_top);
+            sy1 = e->ey;
+         } else {
+            x_bottom = xb;
+            sy1 = y_bottom;
+         }
+
+         if (x_top >= 0 && x_bottom >= 0 && x_top < len && x_bottom < len) {
+            // from here on, we don't have to range check x values
+
+            if ((int) x_top == (int) x_bottom) {
+               float height;
+               // simple case, only spans one pixel
+               int x = (int) x_top;
+               height = (sy1 - sy0) * e->direction;
+               STBTT_assert(x >= 0 && x < len);
+               scanline[x]      += stbtt__position_trapezoid_area(height, x_top, x+1.0f, x_bottom, x+1.0f);
+               scanline_fill[x] += height; // everything right of this pixel is filled
+            } else {
+               int x,x1,x2;
+               float y_crossing, y_final, step, sign, area;
+               // covers 2+ pixels
+               if (x_top > x_bottom) {
+                  // flip scanline vertically; signed area is the same
+                  float t;
+                  sy0 = y_bottom - (sy0 - y_top);
+                  sy1 = y_bottom - (sy1 - y_top);
+                  t = sy0, sy0 = sy1, sy1 = t;
+                  t = x_bottom, x_bottom = x_top, x_top = t;
+                  dx = -dx;
+                  dy = -dy;
+                  t = x0, x0 = xb, xb = t;
+               }
+               STBTT_assert(dy >= 0);
+               STBTT_assert(dx >= 0);
+
+               x1 = (int) x_top;
+               x2 = (int) x_bottom;
+               // compute intersection with y axis at x1+1
+               y_crossing = y_top + dy * (x1+1 - x0);
+
+               // compute intersection with y axis at x2
+               y_final = y_top + dy * (x2 - x0);
+
+               //           x1    x_top                            x2    x_bottom
+               //     y_top  +------|-----+------------+------------+--------|---+------------+
+               //            |            |            |            |            |            |
+               //            |            |            |            |            |            |
+               //       sy0  |      Txxxxx|............|............|............|............|
+               // y_crossing |            *xxxxx.......|............|............|............|
+               //            |            |     xxxxx..|............|............|............|
+               //            |            |     /-   xx*xxxx........|............|............|
+               //            |            | dy <       |    xxxxxx..|............|............|
+               //   y_final  |            |     \-     |          xx*xxx.........|............|
+               //       sy1  |            |            |            |   xxxxxB...|............|
+               //            |            |            |            |            |            |
+               //            |            |            |            |            |            |
+               //  y_bottom  +------------+------------+------------+------------+------------+
+               //
+               // goal is to measure the area covered by '.' in each pixel
+
+               // if x2 is right at the right edge of x1, y_crossing can blow up, github #1057
+               // @TODO: maybe test against sy1 rather than y_bottom?
+               if (y_crossing > y_bottom)
+                  y_crossing = y_bottom;
+
+               sign = e->direction;
+
+               // area of the rectangle covered from sy0..y_crossing
+               area = sign * (y_crossing-sy0);
+
+               // area of the triangle (x_top,sy0), (x1+1,sy0), (x1+1,y_crossing)
+               scanline[x1] += stbtt__sized_triangle_area(area, x1+1 - x_top);
+
+               // check if final y_crossing is blown up; no test case for this
+               if (y_final > y_bottom) {
+                  int denom = (x2 - (x1+1));
+                  y_final = y_bottom;
+                  if (denom != 0) { // [DEAR IMGUI] Avoid div by zero (https://github.com/nothings/stb/issues/1316)
+                     dy = (y_final - y_crossing ) / denom; // if denom=0, y_final = y_crossing, so y_final <= y_bottom
+                  }
+               }
+
+               // in second pixel, area covered by line segment found in first pixel
+               // is always a rectangle 1 wide * the height of that line segment; this
+               // is exactly what the variable 'area' stores. it also gets a contribution
+               // from the line segment within it. the THIRD pixel will get the first
+               // pixel's rectangle contribution, the second pixel's rectangle contribution,
+               // and its own contribution. the 'own contribution' is the same in every pixel except
+               // the leftmost and rightmost, a trapezoid that slides down in each pixel.
+               // the second pixel's contribution to the third pixel will be the
+               // rectangle 1 wide times the height change in the second pixel, which is dy.
+
+               step = sign * dy * 1; // dy is dy/dx, change in y for every 1 change in x,
+               // which multiplied by 1-pixel-width is how much pixel area changes for each step in x
+               // so the area advances by 'step' every time
+
+               for (x = x1+1; x < x2; ++x) {
+                  scanline[x] += area + step/2; // area of trapezoid is 1*step/2
+                  area += step;
+               }
+               STBTT_assert(STBTT_fabs(area) <= 1.01f); // accumulated error from area += step unless we round step down
+               STBTT_assert(sy1 > y_final-0.01f);
+
+               // area covered in the last pixel is the rectangle from all the pixels to the left,
+               // plus the trapezoid filled by the line segment in this pixel all the way to the right edge
+               scanline[x2] += area + sign * stbtt__position_trapezoid_area(sy1-y_final, (float) x2, x2+1.0f, x_bottom, x2+1.0f);
+
+               // the rest of the line is filled based on the total height of the line segment in this pixel
+               scanline_fill[x2] += sign * (sy1-sy0);
+            }
+         } else {
+            // if edge goes outside of box we're drawing, we require
+            // clipping logic. since this does not match the intended use
+            // of this library, we use a different, very slow brute
+            // force implementation
+            // note though that this does happen some of the time because
+            // x_top and x_bottom can be extrapolated at the top & bottom of
+            // the shape and actually lie outside the bounding box
+            int x;
+            for (x=0; x < len; ++x) {
+               // cases:
+               //
+               // there can be up to two intersections with the pixel. any intersection
+               // with left or right edges can be handled by splitting into two (or three)
+               // regions. intersections with top & bottom do not necessitate case-wise logic.
+               //
+               // the old way of doing this found the intersections with the left & right edges,
+               // then used some simple logic to produce up to three segments in sorted order
+               // from top-to-bottom. however, this had a problem: if an x edge was epsilon
+               // across the x border, then the corresponding y position might not be distinct
+               // from the other y segment, and it might ignored as an empty segment. to avoid
+               // that, we need to explicitly produce segments based on x positions.
+
+               // rename variables to clearly-defined pairs
+               float y0 = y_top;
+               float x1 = (float) (x);
+               float x2 = (float) (x+1);
+               float x3 = xb;
+               float y3 = y_bottom;
+
+               // x = e->x + e->dx * (y-y_top)
+               // (y-y_top) = (x - e->x) / e->dx
+               // y = (x - e->x) / e->dx + y_top
+               float y1 = (x - x0) / dx + y_top;
+               float y2 = (x+1 - x0) / dx + y_top;
+
+               if (x0 < x1 && x3 > x2) {         // three segments descending down-right
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x0,y0, x1,y1);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x1,y1, x2,y2);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x2,y2, x3,y3);
+               } else if (x3 < x1 && x0 > x2) {  // three segments descending down-left
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x0,y0, x2,y2);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x2,y2, x1,y1);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x1,y1, x3,y3);
+               } else if (x0 < x1 && x3 > x1) {  // two segments across x, down-right
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x0,y0, x1,y1);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x1,y1, x3,y3);
+               } else if (x3 < x1 && x0 > x1) {  // two segments across x, down-left
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x0,y0, x1,y1);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x1,y1, x3,y3);
+               } else if (x0 < x2 && x3 > x2) {  // two segments across x+1, down-right
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x0,y0, x2,y2);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x2,y2, x3,y3);
+               } else if (x3 < x2 && x0 > x2) {  // two segments across x+1, down-left
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x0,y0, x2,y2);
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x2,y2, x3,y3);
+               } else {  // one segment
+                  stbtt__handle_clipped_edge(scanline,x,e, x0,y0, x3,y3);
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+      e = e->next;
+   }
+}
+
+// directly AA rasterize edges w/o supersampling
+static void stbtt__rasterize_sorted_edges(stbtt__bitmap *result, stbtt__edge *e, int n, int vsubsample, int off_x, int off_y, void *userdata)
+{
+   stbtt__hheap hh = { 0, 0, 0 };
+   stbtt__active_edge *active = NULL;
+   int y,j=0, i;
+   float scanline_data[129], *scanline, *scanline2;
+
+   STBTT__NOTUSED(vsubsample);
+
+   if (result->w > 64)
+      scanline = (float *) STBTT_malloc((result->w*2+1) * sizeof(float), userdata);
+   else
+      scanline = scanline_data;
+
+   scanline2 = scanline + result->w;
+
+   y = off_y;
+   e[n].y0 = (float) (off_y + result->h) + 1;
+
+   while (j < result->h) {
+      // find center of pixel for this scanline
+      float scan_y_top    = y + 0.0f;
+      float scan_y_bottom = y + 1.0f;
+      stbtt__active_edge **step = &active;
+
+      STBTT_memset(scanline , 0, result->w*sizeof(scanline[0]));
+      STBTT_memset(scanline2, 0, (result->w+1)*sizeof(scanline[0]));
+
+      // update all active edges;
+      // remove all active edges that terminate before the top of this scanline
+      while (*step) {
+         stbtt__active_edge * z = *step;
+         if (z->ey <= scan_y_top) {
+            *step = z->next; // delete from list
+            STBTT_assert(z->direction);
+            z->direction = 0;
+            stbtt__hheap_free(&hh, z);
+         } else {
+            step = &((*step)->next); // advance through list
+         }
+      }
+
+      // insert all edges that start before the bottom of this scanline
+      while (e->y0 <= scan_y_bottom) {
+         if (e->y0 != e->y1) {
+            stbtt__active_edge *z = stbtt__new_active(&hh, e, off_x, scan_y_top, userdata);
+            if (z != NULL) {
+               if (j == 0 && off_y != 0) {
+                  if (z->ey < scan_y_top) {
+                     // this can happen due to subpixel positioning and some kind of fp rounding error i think
+                     z->ey = scan_y_top;
+                  }
+               }
+               STBTT_assert(z->ey >= scan_y_top); // if we get really unlucky a tiny bit of an edge can be out of bounds
+               // insert at front
+               z->next = active;
+               active = z;
+            }
+         }
+         ++e;
+      }
+
+      // now process all active edges
+      if (active)
+         stbtt__fill_active_edges_new(scanline, scanline2+1, result->w, active, scan_y_top);
+
+      {
+         float sum = 0;
+         for (i=0; i < result->w; ++i) {
+            float k;
+            int m;
+            sum += scanline2[i];
+            k = scanline[i] + sum;
+            k = (float) STBTT_fabs(k)*255 + 0.5f;
+            m = (int) k;
+            if (m > 255) m = 255;
+            result->pixels[j*result->stride + i] = (unsigned char) m;
+         }
+      }
+      // advance all the edges
+      step = &active;
+      while (*step) {
+         stbtt__active_edge *z = *step;
+         z->fx += z->fdx; // advance to position for current scanline
+         step = &((*step)->next); // advance through list
+      }
+
+      ++y;
+      ++j;
+   }
+
+   stbtt__hheap_cleanup(&hh, userdata);
+
+   if (scanline != scanline_data)
+      STBTT_free(scanline, userdata);
+}
+#else
+#error "Unrecognized value of STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION"
+#endif
+
+#define STBTT__COMPARE(a,b)  ((a)->y0 < (b)->y0)
+
+static void stbtt__sort_edges_ins_sort(stbtt__edge *p, int n)
+{
+   int i,j;
+   for (i=1; i < n; ++i) {
+      stbtt__edge t = p[i], *a = &t;
+      j = i;
+      while (j > 0) {
+         stbtt__edge *b = &p[j-1];
+         int c = STBTT__COMPARE(a,b);
+         if (!c) break;
+         p[j] = p[j-1];
+         --j;
+      }
+      if (i != j)
+         p[j] = t;
+   }
+}
+
+static void stbtt__sort_edges_quicksort(stbtt__edge *p, int n)
+{
+   /* threshold for transitioning to insertion sort */
+   while (n > 12) {
+      stbtt__edge t;
+      int c01,c12,c,m,i,j;
+
+      /* compute median of three */
+      m = n >> 1;
+      c01 = STBTT__COMPARE(&p[0],&p[m]);
+      c12 = STBTT__COMPARE(&p[m],&p[n-1]);
+      /* if 0 >= mid >= end, or 0 < mid < end, then use mid */
+      if (c01 != c12) {
+         /* otherwise, we'll need to swap something else to middle */
+         int z;
+         c = STBTT__COMPARE(&p[0],&p[n-1]);
+         /* 0>mid && mid<n:  0>n => n; 0<n => 0 */
+         /* 0<mid && mid>n:  0>n => 0; 0<n => n */
+         z = (c == c12) ? 0 : n-1;
+         t = p[z];
+         p[z] = p[m];
+         p[m] = t;
+      }
+      /* now p[m] is the median-of-three */
+      /* swap it to the beginning so it won't move around */
+      t = p[0];
+      p[0] = p[m];
+      p[m] = t;
+
+      /* partition loop */
+      i=1;
+      j=n-1;
+      for(;;) {
+         /* handling of equality is crucial here */
+         /* for sentinels & efficiency with duplicates */
+         for (;;++i) {
+            if (!STBTT__COMPARE(&p[i], &p[0])) break;
+         }
+         for (;;--j) {
+            if (!STBTT__COMPARE(&p[0], &p[j])) break;
+         }
+         /* make sure we haven't crossed */
+         if (i >= j) break;
+         t = p[i];
+         p[i] = p[j];
+         p[j] = t;
+
+         ++i;
+         --j;
+      }
+      /* recurse on smaller side, iterate on larger */
+      if (j < (n-i)) {
+         stbtt__sort_edges_quicksort(p,j);
+         p = p+i;
+         n = n-i;
+      } else {
+         stbtt__sort_edges_quicksort(p+i, n-i);
+         n = j;
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+static void stbtt__sort_edges(stbtt__edge *p, int n)
+{
+   stbtt__sort_edges_quicksort(p, n);
+   stbtt__sort_edges_ins_sort(p, n);
+}
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   float x,y;
+} stbtt__point;
+
+static void stbtt__rasterize(stbtt__bitmap *result, stbtt__point *pts, int *wcount, int windings, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int off_x, int off_y, int invert, void *userdata)
+{
+   float y_scale_inv = invert ? -scale_y : scale_y;
+   stbtt__edge *e;
+   int n,i,j,k,m;
+#if STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION == 1
+   int vsubsample = result->h < 8 ? 15 : 5;
+#elif STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION == 2
+   int vsubsample = 1;
+#else
+   #error "Unrecognized value of STBTT_RASTERIZER_VERSION"
+#endif
+   // vsubsample should divide 255 evenly; otherwise we won't reach full opacity
+
+   // now we have to blow out the windings into explicit edge lists
+   n = 0;
+   for (i=0; i < windings; ++i)
+      n += wcount[i];
+
+   e = (stbtt__edge *) STBTT_malloc(sizeof(*e) * (n+1), userdata); // add an extra one as a sentinel
+   if (e == 0) return;
+   n = 0;
+
+   m=0;
+   for (i=0; i < windings; ++i) {
+      stbtt__point *p = pts + m;
+      m += wcount[i];
+      j = wcount[i]-1;
+      for (k=0; k < wcount[i]; j=k++) {
+         int a=k,b=j;
+         // skip the edge if horizontal
+         if (p[j].y == p[k].y)
+            continue;
+         // add edge from j to k to the list
+         e[n].invert = 0;
+         if (invert ? p[j].y > p[k].y : p[j].y < p[k].y) {
+            e[n].invert = 1;
+            a=j,b=k;
+         }
+         e[n].x0 = p[a].x * scale_x + shift_x;
+         e[n].y0 = (p[a].y * y_scale_inv + shift_y) * vsubsample;
+         e[n].x1 = p[b].x * scale_x + shift_x;
+         e[n].y1 = (p[b].y * y_scale_inv + shift_y) * vsubsample;
+         ++n;
+      }
+   }
+
+   // now sort the edges by their highest point (should snap to integer, and then by x)
+   //STBTT_sort(e, n, sizeof(e[0]), stbtt__edge_compare);
+   stbtt__sort_edges(e, n);
+
+   // now, traverse the scanlines and find the intersections on each scanline, use xor winding rule
+   stbtt__rasterize_sorted_edges(result, e, n, vsubsample, off_x, off_y, userdata);
+
+   STBTT_free(e, userdata);
+}
+
+static void stbtt__add_point(stbtt__point *points, int n, float x, float y)
+{
+   if (!points) return; // during first pass, it's unallocated
+   points[n].x = x;
+   points[n].y = y;
+}
+
+// tessellate until threshold p is happy... @TODO warped to compensate for non-linear stretching
+static int stbtt__tesselate_curve(stbtt__point *points, int *num_points, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float objspace_flatness_squared, int n)
+{
+   // midpoint
+   float mx = (x0 + 2*x1 + x2)/4;
+   float my = (y0 + 2*y1 + y2)/4;
+   // versus directly drawn line
+   float dx = (x0+x2)/2 - mx;
+   float dy = (y0+y2)/2 - my;
+   if (n > 16) // 65536 segments on one curve better be enough!
+      return 1;
+   if (dx*dx+dy*dy > objspace_flatness_squared) { // half-pixel error allowed... need to be smaller if AA
+      stbtt__tesselate_curve(points, num_points, x0,y0, (x0+x1)/2.0f,(y0+y1)/2.0f, mx,my, objspace_flatness_squared,n+1);
+      stbtt__tesselate_curve(points, num_points, mx,my, (x1+x2)/2.0f,(y1+y2)/2.0f, x2,y2, objspace_flatness_squared,n+1);
+   } else {
+      stbtt__add_point(points, *num_points,x2,y2);
+      *num_points = *num_points+1;
+   }
+   return 1;
+}
+
+static void stbtt__tesselate_cubic(stbtt__point *points, int *num_points, float x0, float y0, float x1, float y1, float x2, float y2, float x3, float y3, float objspace_flatness_squared, int n)
+{
+   // @TODO this "flatness" calculation is just made-up nonsense that seems to work well enough
+   float dx0 = x1-x0;
+   float dy0 = y1-y0;
+   float dx1 = x2-x1;
+   float dy1 = y2-y1;
+   float dx2 = x3-x2;
+   float dy2 = y3-y2;
+   float dx = x3-x0;
+   float dy = y3-y0;
+   float longlen = (float) (STBTT_sqrt(dx0*dx0+dy0*dy0)+STBTT_sqrt(dx1*dx1+dy1*dy1)+STBTT_sqrt(dx2*dx2+dy2*dy2));
+   float shortlen = (float) STBTT_sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
+   float flatness_squared = longlen*longlen-shortlen*shortlen;
+
+   if (n > 16) // 65536 segments on one curve better be enough!
+      return;
+
+   if (flatness_squared > objspace_flatness_squared) {
+      float x01 = (x0+x1)/2;
+      float y01 = (y0+y1)/2;
+      float x12 = (x1+x2)/2;
+      float y12 = (y1+y2)/2;
+      float x23 = (x2+x3)/2;
+      float y23 = (y2+y3)/2;
+
+      float xa = (x01+x12)/2;
+      float ya = (y01+y12)/2;
+      float xb = (x12+x23)/2;
+      float yb = (y12+y23)/2;
+
+      float mx = (xa+xb)/2;
+      float my = (ya+yb)/2;
+
+      stbtt__tesselate_cubic(points, num_points, x0,y0, x01,y01, xa,ya, mx,my, objspace_flatness_squared,n+1);
+      stbtt__tesselate_cubic(points, num_points, mx,my, xb,yb, x23,y23, x3,y3, objspace_flatness_squared,n+1);
+   } else {
+      stbtt__add_point(points, *num_points,x3,y3);
+      *num_points = *num_points+1;
+   }
+}
+
+// returns number of contours
+static stbtt__point *stbtt_FlattenCurves(stbtt_vertex *vertices, int num_verts, float objspace_flatness, int **contour_lengths, int *num_contours, void *userdata)
+{
+   stbtt__point *points=0;
+   int num_points=0;
+
+   float objspace_flatness_squared = objspace_flatness * objspace_flatness;
+   int i,n=0,start=0, pass;
+
+   // count how many "moves" there are to get the contour count
+   for (i=0; i < num_verts; ++i)
+      if (vertices[i].type == STBTT_vmove)
+         ++n;
+
+   *num_contours = n;
+   if (n == 0) return 0;
+
+   *contour_lengths = (int *) STBTT_malloc(sizeof(**contour_lengths) * n, userdata);
+
+   if (*contour_lengths == 0) {
+      *num_contours = 0;
+      return 0;
+   }
+
+   // make two passes through the points so we don't need to realloc
+   for (pass=0; pass < 2; ++pass) {
+      float x=0,y=0;
+      if (pass == 1) {
+         points = (stbtt__point *) STBTT_malloc(num_points * sizeof(points[0]), userdata);
+         if (points == NULL) goto error;
+      }
+      num_points = 0;
+      n= -1;
+      for (i=0; i < num_verts; ++i) {
+         switch (vertices[i].type) {
+            case STBTT_vmove:
+               // start the next contour
+               if (n >= 0)
+                  (*contour_lengths)[n] = num_points - start;
+               ++n;
+               start = num_points;
+
+               x = vertices[i].x, y = vertices[i].y;
+               stbtt__add_point(points, num_points++, x,y);
+               break;
+            case STBTT_vline:
+               x = vertices[i].x, y = vertices[i].y;
+               stbtt__add_point(points, num_points++, x, y);
+               break;
+            case STBTT_vcurve:
+               stbtt__tesselate_curve(points, &num_points, x,y,
+                                        vertices[i].cx, vertices[i].cy,
+                                        vertices[i].x,  vertices[i].y,
+                                        objspace_flatness_squared, 0);
+               x = vertices[i].x, y = vertices[i].y;
+               break;
+            case STBTT_vcubic:
+               stbtt__tesselate_cubic(points, &num_points, x,y,
+                                        vertices[i].cx, vertices[i].cy,
+                                        vertices[i].cx1, vertices[i].cy1,
+                                        vertices[i].x,  vertices[i].y,
+                                        objspace_flatness_squared, 0);
+               x = vertices[i].x, y = vertices[i].y;
+               break;
+         }
+      }
+      (*contour_lengths)[n] = num_points - start;
+   }
+
+   return points;
+error:
+   STBTT_free(points, userdata);
+   STBTT_free(*contour_lengths, userdata);
+   *contour_lengths = 0;
+   *num_contours = 0;
+   return NULL;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_Rasterize(stbtt__bitmap *result, float flatness_in_pixels, stbtt_vertex *vertices, int num_verts, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int x_off, int y_off, int invert, void *userdata)
+{
+   float scale            = scale_x > scale_y ? scale_y : scale_x;
+   int winding_count      = 0;
+   int *winding_lengths   = NULL;
+   stbtt__point *windings = stbtt_FlattenCurves(vertices, num_verts, flatness_in_pixels / scale, &winding_lengths, &winding_count, userdata);
+   if (windings) {
+      stbtt__rasterize(result, windings, winding_lengths, winding_count, scale_x, scale_y, shift_x, shift_y, x_off, y_off, invert, userdata);
+      STBTT_free(winding_lengths, userdata);
+      STBTT_free(windings, userdata);
+   }
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeBitmap(unsigned char *bitmap, void *userdata)
+{
+   STBTT_free(bitmap, userdata);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int glyph, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff)
+{
+   int ix0,iy0,ix1,iy1;
+   stbtt__bitmap gbm;
+   stbtt_vertex *vertices;
+   int num_verts = stbtt_GetGlyphShape(info, glyph, &vertices);
+
+   if (scale_x == 0) scale_x = scale_y;
+   if (scale_y == 0) {
+      if (scale_x == 0) {
+         STBTT_free(vertices, info->userdata);
+         return NULL;
+      }
+      scale_y = scale_x;
+   }
+
+   stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(info, glyph, scale_x, scale_y, shift_x, shift_y, &ix0,&iy0,&ix1,&iy1);
+
+   // now we get the size
+   gbm.w = (ix1 - ix0);
+   gbm.h = (iy1 - iy0);
+   gbm.pixels = NULL; // in case we error
+
+   if (width ) *width  = gbm.w;
+   if (height) *height = gbm.h;
+   if (xoff  ) *xoff   = ix0;
+   if (yoff  ) *yoff   = iy0;
+
+   if (gbm.w && gbm.h) {
+      gbm.pixels = (unsigned char *) STBTT_malloc(gbm.w * gbm.h, info->userdata);
+      if (gbm.pixels) {
+         gbm.stride = gbm.w;
+
+         stbtt_Rasterize(&gbm, 0.35f, vertices, num_verts, scale_x, scale_y, shift_x, shift_y, ix0, iy0, 1, info->userdata);
+      }
+   }
+   STBTT_free(vertices, info->userdata);
+   return gbm.pixels;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetGlyphBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, int glyph, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapSubpixel(info, scale_x, scale_y, 0.0f, 0.0f, glyph, width, height, xoff, yoff);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int glyph)
+{
+   int ix0,iy0;
+   stbtt_vertex *vertices;
+   int num_verts = stbtt_GetGlyphShape(info, glyph, &vertices);
+   stbtt__bitmap gbm;
+
+   stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(info, glyph, scale_x, scale_y, shift_x, shift_y, &ix0,&iy0,0,0);
+   gbm.pixels = output;
+   gbm.w = out_w;
+   gbm.h = out_h;
+   gbm.stride = out_stride;
+
+   if (gbm.w && gbm.h)
+      stbtt_Rasterize(&gbm, 0.35f, vertices, num_verts, scale_x, scale_y, shift_x, shift_y, ix0,iy0, 1, info->userdata);
+
+   STBTT_free(vertices, info->userdata);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, int glyph)
+{
+   stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixel(info, output, out_w, out_h, out_stride, scale_x, scale_y, 0.0f,0.0f, glyph);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int codepoint, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapSubpixel(info, scale_x, scale_y,shift_x,shift_y, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info,codepoint), width,height,xoff,yoff);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmapSubpixelPrefilter(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int oversample_x, int oversample_y, float *sub_x, float *sub_y, int codepoint)
+{
+   stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixelPrefilter(info, output, out_w, out_h, out_stride, scale_x, scale_y, shift_x, shift_y, oversample_x, oversample_y, sub_x, sub_y, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info,codepoint));
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmapSubpixel(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int codepoint)
+{
+   stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixel(info, output, out_w, out_h, out_stride, scale_x, scale_y, shift_x, shift_y, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info,codepoint));
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char *stbtt_GetCodepointBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale_x, float scale_y, int codepoint, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetCodepointBitmapSubpixel(info, scale_x, scale_y, 0.0f,0.0f, codepoint, width,height,xoff,yoff);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmap(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, int codepoint)
+{
+   stbtt_MakeCodepointBitmapSubpixel(info, output, out_w, out_h, out_stride, scale_x, scale_y, 0.0f,0.0f, codepoint);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// bitmap baking
+//
+// This is SUPER-CRAPPY packing to keep source code small
+
+static int stbtt_BakeFontBitmap_internal(unsigned char *data, int offset,  // font location (use offset=0 for plain .ttf)
+                                float pixel_height,                     // height of font in pixels
+                                unsigned char *pixels, int pw, int ph,  // bitmap to be filled in
+                                int first_char, int num_chars,          // characters to bake
+                                stbtt_bakedchar *chardata)
+{
+   float scale;
+   int x,y,bottom_y, i;
+   stbtt_fontinfo f;
+   f.userdata = NULL;
+   if (!stbtt_InitFont(&f, data, offset))
+      return -1;
+   STBTT_memset(pixels, 0, pw*ph); // background of 0 around pixels
+   x=y=1;
+   bottom_y = 1;
+
+   scale = stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&f, pixel_height);
+
+   for (i=0; i < num_chars; ++i) {
+      int advance, lsb, x0,y0,x1,y1,gw,gh;
+      int g = stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(&f, first_char + i);
+      stbtt_GetGlyphHMetrics(&f, g, &advance, &lsb);
+      stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBox(&f, g, scale,scale, &x0,&y0,&x1,&y1);
+      gw = x1-x0;
+      gh = y1-y0;
+      if (x + gw + 1 >= pw)
+         y = bottom_y, x = 1; // advance to next row
+      if (y + gh + 1 >= ph) // check if it fits vertically AFTER potentially moving to next row
+         return -i;
+      STBTT_assert(x+gw < pw);
+      STBTT_assert(y+gh < ph);
+      stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmap(&f, pixels+x+y*pw, gw,gh,pw, scale,scale, g);
+      chardata[i].x0 = (stbtt_int16) x;
+      chardata[i].y0 = (stbtt_int16) y;
+      chardata[i].x1 = (stbtt_int16) (x + gw);
+      chardata[i].y1 = (stbtt_int16) (y + gh);
+      chardata[i].xadvance = scale * advance;
+      chardata[i].xoff     = (float) x0;
+      chardata[i].yoff     = (float) y0;
+      x = x + gw + 1;
+      if (y+gh+1 > bottom_y)
+         bottom_y = y+gh+1;
+   }
+   return bottom_y;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetBakedQuad(const stbtt_bakedchar *chardata, int pw, int ph, int char_index, float *xpos, float *ypos, stbtt_aligned_quad *q, int opengl_fillrule)
+{
+   float d3d_bias = opengl_fillrule ? 0 : -0.5f;
+   float ipw = 1.0f / pw, iph = 1.0f / ph;
+   const stbtt_bakedchar *b = chardata + char_index;
+   int round_x = STBTT_ifloor((*xpos + b->xoff) + 0.5f);
+   int round_y = STBTT_ifloor((*ypos + b->yoff) + 0.5f);
+
+   q->x0 = round_x + d3d_bias;
+   q->y0 = round_y + d3d_bias;
+   q->x1 = round_x + b->x1 - b->x0 + d3d_bias;
+   q->y1 = round_y + b->y1 - b->y0 + d3d_bias;
+
+   q->s0 = b->x0 * ipw;
+   q->t0 = b->y0 * iph;
+   q->s1 = b->x1 * ipw;
+   q->t1 = b->y1 * iph;
+
+   *xpos += b->xadvance;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// rectangle packing replacement routines if you don't have stb_rect_pack.h
+//
+
+#ifndef STB_RECT_PACK_VERSION
+
+typedef int stbrp_coord;
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//                                                                                //
+//                                                                                //
+// COMPILER WARNING ?!?!?                                                         //
+//                                                                                //
+//                                                                                //
+// if you get a compile warning due to these symbols being defined more than      //
+// once, move #include "stb_rect_pack.h" before #include "stb_truetype.h"         //
+//                                                                                //
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   int width,height;
+   int x,y,bottom_y;
+} stbrp_context;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   unsigned char x;
+} stbrp_node;
+
+struct stbrp_rect
+{
+   stbrp_coord x,y;
+   int id,w,h,was_packed;
+};
+
+static void stbrp_init_target(stbrp_context *con, int pw, int ph, stbrp_node *nodes, int num_nodes)
+{
+   con->width  = pw;
+   con->height = ph;
+   con->x = 0;
+   con->y = 0;
+   con->bottom_y = 0;
+   STBTT__NOTUSED(nodes);
+   STBTT__NOTUSED(num_nodes);
+}
+
+static void stbrp_pack_rects(stbrp_context *con, stbrp_rect *rects, int num_rects)
+{
+   int i;
+   for (i=0; i < num_rects; ++i) {
+      if (con->x + rects[i].w > con->width) {
+         con->x = 0;
+         con->y = con->bottom_y;
+      }
+      if (con->y + rects[i].h > con->height)
+         break;
+      rects[i].x = con->x;
+      rects[i].y = con->y;
+      rects[i].was_packed = 1;
+      con->x += rects[i].w;
+      if (con->y + rects[i].h > con->bottom_y)
+         con->bottom_y = con->y + rects[i].h;
+   }
+   for (   ; i < num_rects; ++i)
+      rects[i].was_packed = 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// bitmap baking
+//
+// This is SUPER-AWESOME (tm Ryan Gordon) packing using stb_rect_pack.h. If
+// stb_rect_pack.h isn't available, it uses the BakeFontBitmap strategy.
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_PackBegin(stbtt_pack_context *spc, unsigned char *pixels, int pw, int ph, int stride_in_bytes, int padding, void *alloc_context)
+{
+   stbrp_context *context = (stbrp_context *) STBTT_malloc(sizeof(*context)            ,alloc_context);
+   int            num_nodes = pw - padding;
+   stbrp_node    *nodes   = (stbrp_node    *) STBTT_malloc(sizeof(*nodes  ) * num_nodes,alloc_context);
+
+   if (context == NULL || nodes == NULL) {
+      if (context != NULL) STBTT_free(context, alloc_context);
+      if (nodes   != NULL) STBTT_free(nodes  , alloc_context);
+      return 0;
+   }
+
+   spc->user_allocator_context = alloc_context;
+   spc->width = pw;
+   spc->height = ph;
+   spc->pixels = pixels;
+   spc->pack_info = context;
+   spc->nodes = nodes;
+   spc->padding = padding;
+   spc->stride_in_bytes = stride_in_bytes != 0 ? stride_in_bytes : pw;
+   spc->h_oversample = 1;
+   spc->v_oversample = 1;
+   spc->skip_missing = 0;
+
+   stbrp_init_target(context, pw-padding, ph-padding, nodes, num_nodes);
+
+   if (pixels)
+      STBTT_memset(pixels, 0, pw*ph); // background of 0 around pixels
+
+   return 1;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackEnd  (stbtt_pack_context *spc)
+{
+   STBTT_free(spc->nodes    , spc->user_allocator_context);
+   STBTT_free(spc->pack_info, spc->user_allocator_context);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackSetOversampling(stbtt_pack_context *spc, unsigned int h_oversample, unsigned int v_oversample)
+{
+   STBTT_assert(h_oversample <= STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE);
+   STBTT_assert(v_oversample <= STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE);
+   if (h_oversample <= STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE)
+      spc->h_oversample = h_oversample;
+   if (v_oversample <= STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE)
+      spc->v_oversample = v_oversample;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackSetSkipMissingCodepoints(stbtt_pack_context *spc, int skip)
+{
+   spc->skip_missing = skip;
+}
+
+#define STBTT__OVER_MASK  (STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE-1)
+
+static void stbtt__h_prefilter(unsigned char *pixels, int w, int h, int stride_in_bytes, unsigned int kernel_width)
+{
+   unsigned char buffer[STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE];
+   int safe_w = w - kernel_width;
+   int j;
+   STBTT_memset(buffer, 0, STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE); // suppress bogus warning from VS2013 -analyze
+   for (j=0; j < h; ++j) {
+      int i;
+      unsigned int total;
+      STBTT_memset(buffer, 0, kernel_width);
+
+      total = 0;
+
+      // make kernel_width a constant in common cases so compiler can optimize out the divide
+      switch (kernel_width) {
+         case 2:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_w; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i];
+               pixels[i] = (unsigned char) (total / 2);
+            }
+            break;
+         case 3:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_w; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i];
+               pixels[i] = (unsigned char) (total / 3);
+            }
+            break;
+         case 4:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_w; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i];
+               pixels[i] = (unsigned char) (total / 4);
+            }
+            break;
+         case 5:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_w; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i];
+               pixels[i] = (unsigned char) (total / 5);
+            }
+            break;
+         default:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_w; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i];
+               pixels[i] = (unsigned char) (total / kernel_width);
+            }
+            break;
+      }
+
+      for (; i < w; ++i) {
+         STBTT_assert(pixels[i] == 0);
+         total -= buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+         pixels[i] = (unsigned char) (total / kernel_width);
+      }
+
+      pixels += stride_in_bytes;
+   }
+}
+
+static void stbtt__v_prefilter(unsigned char *pixels, int w, int h, int stride_in_bytes, unsigned int kernel_width)
+{
+   unsigned char buffer[STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE];
+   int safe_h = h - kernel_width;
+   int j;
+   STBTT_memset(buffer, 0, STBTT_MAX_OVERSAMPLE); // suppress bogus warning from VS2013 -analyze
+   for (j=0; j < w; ++j) {
+      int i;
+      unsigned int total;
+      STBTT_memset(buffer, 0, kernel_width);
+
+      total = 0;
+
+      // make kernel_width a constant in common cases so compiler can optimize out the divide
+      switch (kernel_width) {
+         case 2:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_h; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i*stride_in_bytes];
+               pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] = (unsigned char) (total / 2);
+            }
+            break;
+         case 3:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_h; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i*stride_in_bytes];
+               pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] = (unsigned char) (total / 3);
+            }
+            break;
+         case 4:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_h; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i*stride_in_bytes];
+               pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] = (unsigned char) (total / 4);
+            }
+            break;
+         case 5:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_h; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i*stride_in_bytes];
+               pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] = (unsigned char) (total / 5);
+            }
+            break;
+         default:
+            for (i=0; i <= safe_h; ++i) {
+               total += pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] - buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+               buffer[(i+kernel_width) & STBTT__OVER_MASK] = pixels[i*stride_in_bytes];
+               pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] = (unsigned char) (total / kernel_width);
+            }
+            break;
+      }
+
+      for (; i < h; ++i) {
+         STBTT_assert(pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] == 0);
+         total -= buffer[i & STBTT__OVER_MASK];
+         pixels[i*stride_in_bytes] = (unsigned char) (total / kernel_width);
+      }
+
+      pixels += 1;
+   }
+}
+
+static float stbtt__oversample_shift(int oversample)
+{
+   if (!oversample)
+      return 0.0f;
+
+   // The prefilter is a box filter of width "oversample",
+   // which shifts phase by (oversample - 1)/2 pixels in
+   // oversampled space. We want to shift in the opposite
+   // direction to counter this.
+   return (float)-(oversample - 1) / (2.0f * (float)oversample);
+}
+
+// rects array must be big enough to accommodate all characters in the given ranges
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_PackFontRangesGatherRects(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_pack_range *ranges, int num_ranges, stbrp_rect *rects)
+{
+   int i,j,k;
+   int missing_glyph_added = 0;
+
+   k=0;
+   for (i=0; i < num_ranges; ++i) {
+      float fh = ranges[i].font_size;
+      float scale = fh > 0 ? stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(info, fh) : stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels(info, -fh);
+      ranges[i].h_oversample = (unsigned char) spc->h_oversample;
+      ranges[i].v_oversample = (unsigned char) spc->v_oversample;
+      for (j=0; j < ranges[i].num_chars; ++j) {
+         int x0,y0,x1,y1;
+         int codepoint = ranges[i].array_of_unicode_codepoints == NULL ? ranges[i].first_unicode_codepoint_in_range + j : ranges[i].array_of_unicode_codepoints[j];
+         int glyph = stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info, codepoint);
+         if (glyph == 0 && (spc->skip_missing || missing_glyph_added)) {
+            rects[k].w = rects[k].h = 0;
+         } else {
+            stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(info,glyph,
+                                            scale * spc->h_oversample,
+                                            scale * spc->v_oversample,
+                                            0,0,
+                                            &x0,&y0,&x1,&y1);
+            rects[k].w = (stbrp_coord) (x1-x0 + spc->padding + spc->h_oversample-1);
+            rects[k].h = (stbrp_coord) (y1-y0 + spc->padding + spc->v_oversample-1);
+            if (glyph == 0)
+               missing_glyph_added = 1;
+         }
+         ++k;
+      }
+   }
+
+   return k;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixelPrefilter(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, unsigned char *output, int out_w, int out_h, int out_stride, float scale_x, float scale_y, float shift_x, float shift_y, int prefilter_x, int prefilter_y, float *sub_x, float *sub_y, int glyph)
+{
+   stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixel(info,
+                                 output,
+                                 out_w - (prefilter_x - 1),
+                                 out_h - (prefilter_y - 1),
+                                 out_stride,
+                                 scale_x,
+                                 scale_y,
+                                 shift_x,
+                                 shift_y,
+                                 glyph);
+
+   if (prefilter_x > 1)
+      stbtt__h_prefilter(output, out_w, out_h, out_stride, prefilter_x);
+
+   if (prefilter_y > 1)
+      stbtt__v_prefilter(output, out_w, out_h, out_stride, prefilter_y);
+
+   *sub_x = stbtt__oversample_shift(prefilter_x);
+   *sub_y = stbtt__oversample_shift(prefilter_y);
+}
+
+// rects array must be big enough to accommodate all characters in the given ranges
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_PackFontRangesRenderIntoRects(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const stbtt_fontinfo *info, stbtt_pack_range *ranges, int num_ranges, stbrp_rect *rects)
+{
+   int i,j,k, missing_glyph = -1, return_value = 1;
+
+   // save current values
+   int old_h_over = spc->h_oversample;
+   int old_v_over = spc->v_oversample;
+
+   k = 0;
+   for (i=0; i < num_ranges; ++i) {
+      float fh = ranges[i].font_size;
+      float scale = fh > 0 ? stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(info, fh) : stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels(info, -fh);
+      float recip_h,recip_v,sub_x,sub_y;
+      spc->h_oversample = ranges[i].h_oversample;
+      spc->v_oversample = ranges[i].v_oversample;
+      recip_h = 1.0f / spc->h_oversample;
+      recip_v = 1.0f / spc->v_oversample;
+      sub_x = stbtt__oversample_shift(spc->h_oversample);
+      sub_y = stbtt__oversample_shift(spc->v_oversample);
+      for (j=0; j < ranges[i].num_chars; ++j) {
+         stbrp_rect *r = &rects[k];
+         if (r->was_packed && r->w != 0 && r->h != 0) {
+            stbtt_packedchar *bc = &ranges[i].chardata_for_range[j];
+            int advance, lsb, x0,y0,x1,y1;
+            int codepoint = ranges[i].array_of_unicode_codepoints == NULL ? ranges[i].first_unicode_codepoint_in_range + j : ranges[i].array_of_unicode_codepoints[j];
+            int glyph = stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info, codepoint);
+            stbrp_coord pad = (stbrp_coord) spc->padding;
+
+            // pad on left and top
+            r->x += pad;
+            r->y += pad;
+            r->w -= pad;
+            r->h -= pad;
+            stbtt_GetGlyphHMetrics(info, glyph, &advance, &lsb);
+            stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBox(info, glyph,
+                                    scale * spc->h_oversample,
+                                    scale * spc->v_oversample,
+                                    &x0,&y0,&x1,&y1);
+            stbtt_MakeGlyphBitmapSubpixel(info,
+                                          spc->pixels + r->x + r->y*spc->stride_in_bytes,
+                                          r->w - spc->h_oversample+1,
+                                          r->h - spc->v_oversample+1,
+                                          spc->stride_in_bytes,
+                                          scale * spc->h_oversample,
+                                          scale * spc->v_oversample,
+                                          0,0,
+                                          glyph);
+
+            if (spc->h_oversample > 1)
+               stbtt__h_prefilter(spc->pixels + r->x + r->y*spc->stride_in_bytes,
+                                  r->w, r->h, spc->stride_in_bytes,
+                                  spc->h_oversample);
+
+            if (spc->v_oversample > 1)
+               stbtt__v_prefilter(spc->pixels + r->x + r->y*spc->stride_in_bytes,
+                                  r->w, r->h, spc->stride_in_bytes,
+                                  spc->v_oversample);
+
+            bc->x0       = (stbtt_int16)  r->x;
+            bc->y0       = (stbtt_int16)  r->y;
+            bc->x1       = (stbtt_int16) (r->x + r->w);
+            bc->y1       = (stbtt_int16) (r->y + r->h);
+            bc->xadvance =                scale * advance;
+            bc->xoff     =       (float)  x0 * recip_h + sub_x;
+            bc->yoff     =       (float)  y0 * recip_v + sub_y;
+            bc->xoff2    =                (x0 + r->w) * recip_h + sub_x;
+            bc->yoff2    =                (y0 + r->h) * recip_v + sub_y;
+
+            if (glyph == 0)
+               missing_glyph = j;
+         } else if (spc->skip_missing) {
+            return_value = 0;
+         } else if (r->was_packed && r->w == 0 && r->h == 0 && missing_glyph >= 0) {
+            ranges[i].chardata_for_range[j] = ranges[i].chardata_for_range[missing_glyph];
+         } else {
+            return_value = 0; // if any fail, report failure
+         }
+
+         ++k;
+      }
+   }
+
+   // restore original values
+   spc->h_oversample = old_h_over;
+   spc->v_oversample = old_v_over;
+
+   return return_value;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_PackFontRangesPackRects(stbtt_pack_context *spc, stbrp_rect *rects, int num_rects)
+{
+   stbrp_pack_rects((stbrp_context *) spc->pack_info, rects, num_rects);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_PackFontRanges(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const unsigned char *fontdata, int font_index, stbtt_pack_range *ranges, int num_ranges)
+{
+   stbtt_fontinfo info;
+   int i, j, n, return_value; // [DEAR IMGUI] removed = 1;
+   //stbrp_context *context = (stbrp_context *) spc->pack_info;
+   stbrp_rect    *rects;
+
+   // flag all characters as NOT packed
+   for (i=0; i < num_ranges; ++i)
+      for (j=0; j < ranges[i].num_chars; ++j)
+         ranges[i].chardata_for_range[j].x0 =
+         ranges[i].chardata_for_range[j].y0 =
+         ranges[i].chardata_for_range[j].x1 =
+         ranges[i].chardata_for_range[j].y1 = 0;
+
+   n = 0;
+   for (i=0; i < num_ranges; ++i)
+      n += ranges[i].num_chars;
+
+   rects = (stbrp_rect *) STBTT_malloc(sizeof(*rects) * n, spc->user_allocator_context);
+   if (rects == NULL)
+      return 0;
+
+   info.userdata = spc->user_allocator_context;
+   stbtt_InitFont(&info, fontdata, stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex(fontdata,font_index));
+
+   n = stbtt_PackFontRangesGatherRects(spc, &info, ranges, num_ranges, rects);
+
+   stbtt_PackFontRangesPackRects(spc, rects, n);
+
+   return_value = stbtt_PackFontRangesRenderIntoRects(spc, &info, ranges, num_ranges, rects);
+
+   STBTT_free(rects, spc->user_allocator_context);
+   return return_value;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_PackFontRange(stbtt_pack_context *spc, const unsigned char *fontdata, int font_index, float font_size,
+            int first_unicode_codepoint_in_range, int num_chars_in_range, stbtt_packedchar *chardata_for_range)
+{
+   stbtt_pack_range range;
+   range.first_unicode_codepoint_in_range = first_unicode_codepoint_in_range;
+   range.array_of_unicode_codepoints = NULL;
+   range.num_chars                   = num_chars_in_range;
+   range.chardata_for_range          = chardata_for_range;
+   range.font_size                   = font_size;
+   return stbtt_PackFontRanges(spc, fontdata, font_index, &range, 1);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetScaledFontVMetrics(const unsigned char *fontdata, int index, float size, float *ascent, float *descent, float *lineGap)
+{
+   int i_ascent, i_descent, i_lineGap;
+   float scale;
+   stbtt_fontinfo info;
+   stbtt_InitFont(&info, fontdata, stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex(fontdata, index));
+   scale = size > 0 ? stbtt_ScaleForPixelHeight(&info, size) : stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels(&info, -size);
+   stbtt_GetFontVMetrics(&info, &i_ascent, &i_descent, &i_lineGap);
+   *ascent  = (float) i_ascent  * scale;
+   *descent = (float) i_descent * scale;
+   *lineGap = (float) i_lineGap * scale;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_GetPackedQuad(const stbtt_packedchar *chardata, int pw, int ph, int char_index, float *xpos, float *ypos, stbtt_aligned_quad *q, int align_to_integer)
+{
+   float ipw = 1.0f / pw, iph = 1.0f / ph;
+   const stbtt_packedchar *b = chardata + char_index;
+
+   if (align_to_integer) {
+      float x = (float) STBTT_ifloor((*xpos + b->xoff) + 0.5f);
+      float y = (float) STBTT_ifloor((*ypos + b->yoff) + 0.5f);
+      q->x0 = x;
+      q->y0 = y;
+      q->x1 = x + b->xoff2 - b->xoff;
+      q->y1 = y + b->yoff2 - b->yoff;
+   } else {
+      q->x0 = *xpos + b->xoff;
+      q->y0 = *ypos + b->yoff;
+      q->x1 = *xpos + b->xoff2;
+      q->y1 = *ypos + b->yoff2;
+   }
+
+   q->s0 = b->x0 * ipw;
+   q->t0 = b->y0 * iph;
+   q->s1 = b->x1 * ipw;
+   q->t1 = b->y1 * iph;
+
+   *xpos += b->xadvance;
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// sdf computation
+//
+
+#define STBTT_min(a,b)  ((a) < (b) ? (a) : (b))
+#define STBTT_max(a,b)  ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
+
+static int stbtt__ray_intersect_bezier(float orig[2], float ray[2], float q0[2], float q1[2], float q2[2], float hits[2][2])
+{
+   float q0perp = q0[1]*ray[0] - q0[0]*ray[1];
+   float q1perp = q1[1]*ray[0] - q1[0]*ray[1];
+   float q2perp = q2[1]*ray[0] - q2[0]*ray[1];
+   float roperp = orig[1]*ray[0] - orig[0]*ray[1];
+
+   float a = q0perp - 2*q1perp + q2perp;
+   float b = q1perp - q0perp;
+   float c = q0perp - roperp;
+
+   float s0 = 0., s1 = 0.;
+   int num_s = 0;
+
+   if (a != 0.0) {
+      float discr = b*b - a*c;
+      if (discr > 0.0) {
+         float rcpna = -1 / a;
+         float d = (float) STBTT_sqrt(discr);
+         s0 = (b+d) * rcpna;
+         s1 = (b-d) * rcpna;
+         if (s0 >= 0.0 && s0 <= 1.0)
+            num_s = 1;
+         if (d > 0.0 && s1 >= 0.0 && s1 <= 1.0) {
+            if (num_s == 0) s0 = s1;
+            ++num_s;
+         }
+      }
+   } else {
+      // 2*b*s + c = 0
+      // s = -c / (2*b)
+      s0 = c / (-2 * b);
+      if (s0 >= 0.0 && s0 <= 1.0)
+         num_s = 1;
+   }
+
+   if (num_s == 0)
+      return 0;
+   else {
+      float rcp_len2 = 1 / (ray[0]*ray[0] + ray[1]*ray[1]);
+      float rayn_x = ray[0] * rcp_len2, rayn_y = ray[1] * rcp_len2;
+
+      float q0d =   q0[0]*rayn_x +   q0[1]*rayn_y;
+      float q1d =   q1[0]*rayn_x +   q1[1]*rayn_y;
+      float q2d =   q2[0]*rayn_x +   q2[1]*rayn_y;
+      float rod = orig[0]*rayn_x + orig[1]*rayn_y;
+
+      float q10d = q1d - q0d;
+      float q20d = q2d - q0d;
+      float q0rd = q0d - rod;
+
+      hits[0][0] = q0rd + s0*(2.0f - 2.0f*s0)*q10d + s0*s0*q20d;
+      hits[0][1] = a*s0+b;
+
+      if (num_s > 1) {
+         hits[1][0] = q0rd + s1*(2.0f - 2.0f*s1)*q10d + s1*s1*q20d;
+         hits[1][1] = a*s1+b;
+         return 2;
+      } else {
+         return 1;
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+static int equal(float *a, float *b)
+{
+   return (a[0] == b[0] && a[1] == b[1]);
+}
+
+static int stbtt__compute_crossings_x(float x, float y, int nverts, stbtt_vertex *verts)
+{
+   int i;
+   float orig[2], ray[2] = { 1, 0 };
+   float y_frac;
+   int winding = 0;
+
+   // make sure y never passes through a vertex of the shape
+   y_frac = (float) STBTT_fmod(y, 1.0f);
+   if (y_frac < 0.01f)
+      y += 0.01f;
+   else if (y_frac > 0.99f)
+      y -= 0.01f;
+
+   orig[0] = x;
+   orig[1] = y;
+
+   // test a ray from (-infinity,y) to (x,y)
+   for (i=0; i < nverts; ++i) {
+      if (verts[i].type == STBTT_vline) {
+         int x0 = (int) verts[i-1].x, y0 = (int) verts[i-1].y;
+         int x1 = (int) verts[i  ].x, y1 = (int) verts[i  ].y;
+         if (y > STBTT_min(y0,y1) && y < STBTT_max(y0,y1) && x > STBTT_min(x0,x1)) {
+            float x_inter = (y - y0) / (y1 - y0) * (x1-x0) + x0;
+            if (x_inter < x)
+               winding += (y0 < y1) ? 1 : -1;
+         }
+      }
+      if (verts[i].type == STBTT_vcurve) {
+         int x0 = (int) verts[i-1].x , y0 = (int) verts[i-1].y ;
+         int x1 = (int) verts[i  ].cx, y1 = (int) verts[i  ].cy;
+         int x2 = (int) verts[i  ].x , y2 = (int) verts[i  ].y ;
+         int ax = STBTT_min(x0,STBTT_min(x1,x2)), ay = STBTT_min(y0,STBTT_min(y1,y2));
+         int by = STBTT_max(y0,STBTT_max(y1,y2));
+         if (y > ay && y < by && x > ax) {
+            float q0[2],q1[2],q2[2];
+            float hits[2][2];
+            q0[0] = (float)x0;
+            q0[1] = (float)y0;
+            q1[0] = (float)x1;
+            q1[1] = (float)y1;
+            q2[0] = (float)x2;
+            q2[1] = (float)y2;
+            if (equal(q0,q1) || equal(q1,q2)) {
+               x0 = (int)verts[i-1].x;
+               y0 = (int)verts[i-1].y;
+               x1 = (int)verts[i  ].x;
+               y1 = (int)verts[i  ].y;
+               if (y > STBTT_min(y0,y1) && y < STBTT_max(y0,y1) && x > STBTT_min(x0,x1)) {
+                  float x_inter = (y - y0) / (y1 - y0) * (x1-x0) + x0;
+                  if (x_inter < x)
+                     winding += (y0 < y1) ? 1 : -1;
+               }
+            } else {
+               int num_hits = stbtt__ray_intersect_bezier(orig, ray, q0, q1, q2, hits);
+               if (num_hits >= 1)
+                  if (hits[0][0] < 0)
+                     winding += (hits[0][1] < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+               if (num_hits >= 2)
+                  if (hits[1][0] < 0)
+                     winding += (hits[1][1] < 0 ? -1 : 1);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+   return winding;
+}
+
+static float stbtt__cuberoot( float x )
+{
+   if (x<0)
+      return -(float) STBTT_pow(-x,1.0f/3.0f);
+   else
+      return  (float) STBTT_pow( x,1.0f/3.0f);
+}
+
+// x^3 + a*x^2 + b*x + c = 0
+static int stbtt__solve_cubic(float a, float b, float c, float* r)
+{
+   float s = -a / 3;
+   float p = b - a*a / 3;
+   float q = a * (2*a*a - 9*b) / 27 + c;
+   float p3 = p*p*p;
+   float d = q*q + 4*p3 / 27;
+   if (d >= 0) {
+      float z = (float) STBTT_sqrt(d);
+      float u = (-q + z) / 2;
+      float v = (-q - z) / 2;
+      u = stbtt__cuberoot(u);
+      v = stbtt__cuberoot(v);
+      r[0] = s + u + v;
+      return 1;
+   } else {
+      float u = (float) STBTT_sqrt(-p/3);
+      float v = (float) STBTT_acos(-STBTT_sqrt(-27/p3) * q / 2) / 3; // p3 must be negative, since d is negative
+      float m = (float) STBTT_cos(v);
+      float n = (float) STBTT_cos(v-3.141592/2)*1.732050808f;
+      r[0] = s + u * 2 * m;
+      r[1] = s - u * (m + n);
+      r[2] = s - u * (m - n);
+
+      //STBTT_assert( STBTT_fabs(((r[0]+a)*r[0]+b)*r[0]+c) < 0.05f);  // these asserts may not be safe at all scales, though they're in bezier t parameter units so maybe?
+      //STBTT_assert( STBTT_fabs(((r[1]+a)*r[1]+b)*r[1]+c) < 0.05f);
+      //STBTT_assert( STBTT_fabs(((r[2]+a)*r[2]+b)*r[2]+c) < 0.05f);
+      return 3;
+   }
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char * stbtt_GetGlyphSDF(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale, int glyph, int padding, unsigned char onedge_value, float pixel_dist_scale, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff)
+{
+   float scale_x = scale, scale_y = scale;
+   int ix0,iy0,ix1,iy1;
+   int w,h;
+   unsigned char *data;
+
+   if (scale == 0) return NULL;
+
+   stbtt_GetGlyphBitmapBoxSubpixel(info, glyph, scale, scale, 0.0f,0.0f, &ix0,&iy0,&ix1,&iy1);
+
+   // if empty, return NULL
+   if (ix0 == ix1 || iy0 == iy1)
+      return NULL;
+
+   ix0 -= padding;
+   iy0 -= padding;
+   ix1 += padding;
+   iy1 += padding;
+
+   w = (ix1 - ix0);
+   h = (iy1 - iy0);
+
+   if (width ) *width  = w;
+   if (height) *height = h;
+   if (xoff  ) *xoff   = ix0;
+   if (yoff  ) *yoff   = iy0;
+
+   // invert for y-downwards bitmaps
+   scale_y = -scale_y;
+
+   {
+      int x,y,i,j;
+      float *precompute;
+      stbtt_vertex *verts;
+      int num_verts = stbtt_GetGlyphShape(info, glyph, &verts);
+      data = (unsigned char *) STBTT_malloc(w * h, info->userdata);
+      precompute = (float *) STBTT_malloc(num_verts * sizeof(float), info->userdata);
+
+      for (i=0,j=num_verts-1; i < num_verts; j=i++) {
+         if (verts[i].type == STBTT_vline) {
+            float x0 = verts[i].x*scale_x, y0 = verts[i].y*scale_y;
+            float x1 = verts[j].x*scale_x, y1 = verts[j].y*scale_y;
+            float dist = (float) STBTT_sqrt((x1-x0)*(x1-x0) + (y1-y0)*(y1-y0));
+            precompute[i] = (dist == 0) ? 0.0f : 1.0f / dist;
+         } else if (verts[i].type == STBTT_vcurve) {
+            float x2 = verts[j].x *scale_x, y2 = verts[j].y *scale_y;
+            float x1 = verts[i].cx*scale_x, y1 = verts[i].cy*scale_y;
+            float x0 = verts[i].x *scale_x, y0 = verts[i].y *scale_y;
+            float bx = x0 - 2*x1 + x2, by = y0 - 2*y1 + y2;
+            float len2 = bx*bx + by*by;
+            if (len2 != 0.0f)
+               precompute[i] = 1.0f / (bx*bx + by*by);
+            else
+               precompute[i] = 0.0f;
+         } else
+            precompute[i] = 0.0f;
+      }
+
+      for (y=iy0; y < iy1; ++y) {
+         for (x=ix0; x < ix1; ++x) {
+            float val;
+            float min_dist = 999999.0f;
+            float sx = (float) x + 0.5f;
+            float sy = (float) y + 0.5f;
+            float x_gspace = (sx / scale_x);
+            float y_gspace = (sy / scale_y);
+
+            int winding = stbtt__compute_crossings_x(x_gspace, y_gspace, num_verts, verts); // @OPTIMIZE: this could just be a rasterization, but needs to be line vs. non-tesselated curves so a new path
+
+            for (i=0; i < num_verts; ++i) {
+               float x0 = verts[i].x*scale_x, y0 = verts[i].y*scale_y;
+
+               if (verts[i].type == STBTT_vline && precompute[i] != 0.0f) {
+                  float x1 = verts[i-1].x*scale_x, y1 = verts[i-1].y*scale_y;
+
+                  float dist,dist2 = (x0-sx)*(x0-sx) + (y0-sy)*(y0-sy);
+                  if (dist2 < min_dist*min_dist)
+                     min_dist = (float) STBTT_sqrt(dist2);
+
+                  // coarse culling against bbox
+                  //if (sx > STBTT_min(x0,x1)-min_dist && sx < STBTT_max(x0,x1)+min_dist &&
+                  //    sy > STBTT_min(y0,y1)-min_dist && sy < STBTT_max(y0,y1)+min_dist)
+                  dist = (float) STBTT_fabs((x1-x0)*(y0-sy) - (y1-y0)*(x0-sx)) * precompute[i];
+                  STBTT_assert(i != 0);
+                  if (dist < min_dist) {
+                     // check position along line
+                     // x' = x0 + t*(x1-x0), y' = y0 + t*(y1-y0)
+                     // minimize (x'-sx)*(x'-sx)+(y'-sy)*(y'-sy)
+                     float dx = x1-x0, dy = y1-y0;
+                     float px = x0-sx, py = y0-sy;
+                     // minimize (px+t*dx)^2 + (py+t*dy)^2 = px*px + 2*px*dx*t + t^2*dx*dx + py*py + 2*py*dy*t + t^2*dy*dy
+                     // derivative: 2*px*dx + 2*py*dy + (2*dx*dx+2*dy*dy)*t, set to 0 and solve
+                     float t = -(px*dx + py*dy) / (dx*dx + dy*dy);
+                     if (t >= 0.0f && t <= 1.0f)
+                        min_dist = dist;
+                  }
+               } else if (verts[i].type == STBTT_vcurve) {
+                  float x2 = verts[i-1].x *scale_x, y2 = verts[i-1].y *scale_y;
+                  float x1 = verts[i  ].cx*scale_x, y1 = verts[i  ].cy*scale_y;
+                  float box_x0 = STBTT_min(STBTT_min(x0,x1),x2);
+                  float box_y0 = STBTT_min(STBTT_min(y0,y1),y2);
+                  float box_x1 = STBTT_max(STBTT_max(x0,x1),x2);
+                  float box_y1 = STBTT_max(STBTT_max(y0,y1),y2);
+                  // coarse culling against bbox to avoid computing cubic unnecessarily
+                  if (sx > box_x0-min_dist && sx < box_x1+min_dist && sy > box_y0-min_dist && sy < box_y1+min_dist) {
+                     int num=0;
+                     float ax = x1-x0, ay = y1-y0;
+                     float bx = x0 - 2*x1 + x2, by = y0 - 2*y1 + y2;
+                     float mx = x0 - sx, my = y0 - sy;
+                     float res[3] = {0.f,0.f,0.f};
+                     float px,py,t,it,dist2;
+                     float a_inv = precompute[i];
+                     if (a_inv == 0.0) { // if a_inv is 0, it's 2nd degree so use quadratic formula
+                        float a = 3*(ax*bx + ay*by);
+                        float b = 2*(ax*ax + ay*ay) + (mx*bx+my*by);
+                        float c = mx*ax+my*ay;
+                        if (a == 0.0) { // if a is 0, it's linear
+                           if (b != 0.0) {
+                              res[num++] = -c/b;
+                           }
+                        } else {
+                           float discriminant = b*b - 4*a*c;
+                           if (discriminant < 0)
+                              num = 0;
+                           else {
+                              float root = (float) STBTT_sqrt(discriminant);
+                              res[0] = (-b - root)/(2*a);
+                              res[1] = (-b + root)/(2*a);
+                              num = 2; // don't bother distinguishing 1-solution case, as code below will still work
+                           }
+                        }
+                     } else {
+                        float b = 3*(ax*bx + ay*by) * a_inv; // could precompute this as it doesn't depend on sample point
+                        float c = (2*(ax*ax + ay*ay) + (mx*bx+my*by)) * a_inv;
+                        float d = (mx*ax+my*ay) * a_inv;
+                        num = stbtt__solve_cubic(b, c, d, res);
+                     }
+                     dist2 = (x0-sx)*(x0-sx) + (y0-sy)*(y0-sy);
+                     if (dist2 < min_dist*min_dist)
+                        min_dist = (float) STBTT_sqrt(dist2);
+
+                     if (num >= 1 && res[0] >= 0.0f && res[0] <= 1.0f) {
+                        t = res[0], it = 1.0f - t;
+                        px = it*it*x0 + 2*t*it*x1 + t*t*x2;
+                        py = it*it*y0 + 2*t*it*y1 + t*t*y2;
+                        dist2 = (px-sx)*(px-sx) + (py-sy)*(py-sy);
+                        if (dist2 < min_dist * min_dist)
+                           min_dist = (float) STBTT_sqrt(dist2);
+                     }
+                     if (num >= 2 && res[1] >= 0.0f && res[1] <= 1.0f) {
+                        t = res[1], it = 1.0f - t;
+                        px = it*it*x0 + 2*t*it*x1 + t*t*x2;
+                        py = it*it*y0 + 2*t*it*y1 + t*t*y2;
+                        dist2 = (px-sx)*(px-sx) + (py-sy)*(py-sy);
+                        if (dist2 < min_dist * min_dist)
+                           min_dist = (float) STBTT_sqrt(dist2);
+                     }
+                     if (num >= 3 && res[2] >= 0.0f && res[2] <= 1.0f) {
+                        t = res[2], it = 1.0f - t;
+                        px = it*it*x0 + 2*t*it*x1 + t*t*x2;
+                        py = it*it*y0 + 2*t*it*y1 + t*t*y2;
+                        dist2 = (px-sx)*(px-sx) + (py-sy)*(py-sy);
+                        if (dist2 < min_dist * min_dist)
+                           min_dist = (float) STBTT_sqrt(dist2);
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+            if (winding == 0)
+               min_dist = -min_dist;  // if outside the shape, value is negative
+            val = onedge_value + pixel_dist_scale * min_dist;
+            if (val < 0)
+               val = 0;
+            else if (val > 255)
+               val = 255;
+            data[(y-iy0)*w+(x-ix0)] = (unsigned char) val;
+         }
+      }
+      STBTT_free(precompute, info->userdata);
+      STBTT_free(verts, info->userdata);
+   }
+   return data;
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF unsigned char * stbtt_GetCodepointSDF(const stbtt_fontinfo *info, float scale, int codepoint, int padding, unsigned char onedge_value, float pixel_dist_scale, int *width, int *height, int *xoff, int *yoff)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetGlyphSDF(info, scale, stbtt_FindGlyphIndex(info, codepoint), padding, onedge_value, pixel_dist_scale, width, height, xoff, yoff);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF void stbtt_FreeSDF(unsigned char *bitmap, void *userdata)
+{
+   STBTT_free(bitmap, userdata);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// font name matching -- recommended not to use this
+//
+
+// check if a utf8 string contains a prefix which is the utf16 string; if so return length of matching utf8 string
+static stbtt_int32 stbtt__CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian_prefix(stbtt_uint8 *s1, stbtt_int32 len1, stbtt_uint8 *s2, stbtt_int32 len2)
+{
+   stbtt_int32 i=0;
+
+   // convert utf16 to utf8 and compare the results while converting
+   while (len2) {
+      stbtt_uint16 ch = s2[0]*256 + s2[1];
+      if (ch < 0x80) {
+         if (i >= len1) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != ch) return -1;
+      } else if (ch < 0x800) {
+         if (i+1 >= len1) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0xc0 + (ch >> 6)) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0x80 + (ch & 0x3f)) return -1;
+      } else if (ch >= 0xd800 && ch < 0xdc00) {
+         stbtt_uint32 c;
+         stbtt_uint16 ch2 = s2[2]*256 + s2[3];
+         if (i+3 >= len1) return -1;
+         c = ((ch - 0xd800) << 10) + (ch2 - 0xdc00) + 0x10000;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0xf0 + (c >> 18)) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0x80 + ((c >> 12) & 0x3f)) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0x80 + ((c >>  6) & 0x3f)) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0x80 + ((c      ) & 0x3f)) return -1;
+         s2 += 2; // plus another 2 below
+         len2 -= 2;
+      } else if (ch >= 0xdc00 && ch < 0xe000) {
+         return -1;
+      } else {
+         if (i+2 >= len1) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0xe0 + (ch >> 12)) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0x80 + ((ch >> 6) & 0x3f)) return -1;
+         if (s1[i++] != 0x80 + ((ch     ) & 0x3f)) return -1;
+      }
+      s2 += 2;
+      len2 -= 2;
+   }
+   return i;
+}
+
+static int stbtt_CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian_internal(char *s1, int len1, char *s2, int len2)
+{
+   return len1 == stbtt__CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian_prefix((stbtt_uint8*) s1, len1, (stbtt_uint8*) s2, len2);
+}
+
+// returns results in whatever encoding you request... but note that 2-byte encodings
+// will be BIG-ENDIAN... use stbtt_CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian() to compare
+STBTT_DEF const char *stbtt_GetFontNameString(const stbtt_fontinfo *font, int *length, int platformID, int encodingID, int languageID, int nameID)
+{
+   stbtt_int32 i,count,stringOffset;
+   stbtt_uint8 *fc = font->data;
+   stbtt_uint32 offset = font->fontstart;
+   stbtt_uint32 nm = stbtt__find_table(fc, offset, "name");
+   if (!nm) return NULL;
+
+   count = ttUSHORT(fc+nm+2);
+   stringOffset = nm + ttUSHORT(fc+nm+4);
+   for (i=0; i < count; ++i) {
+      stbtt_uint32 loc = nm + 6 + 12 * i;
+      if (platformID == ttUSHORT(fc+loc+0) && encodingID == ttUSHORT(fc+loc+2)
+          && languageID == ttUSHORT(fc+loc+4) && nameID == ttUSHORT(fc+loc+6)) {
+         *length = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+8);
+         return (const char *) (fc+stringOffset+ttUSHORT(fc+loc+10));
+      }
+   }
+   return NULL;
+}
+
+static int stbtt__matchpair(stbtt_uint8 *fc, stbtt_uint32 nm, stbtt_uint8 *name, stbtt_int32 nlen, stbtt_int32 target_id, stbtt_int32 next_id)
+{
+   stbtt_int32 i;
+   stbtt_int32 count = ttUSHORT(fc+nm+2);
+   stbtt_int32 stringOffset = nm + ttUSHORT(fc+nm+4);
+
+   for (i=0; i < count; ++i) {
+      stbtt_uint32 loc = nm + 6 + 12 * i;
+      stbtt_int32 id = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+6);
+      if (id == target_id) {
+         // find the encoding
+         stbtt_int32 platform = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+0), encoding = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+2), language = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+4);
+
+         // is this a Unicode encoding?
+         if (platform == 0 || (platform == 3 && encoding == 1) || (platform == 3 && encoding == 10)) {
+            stbtt_int32 slen = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+8);
+            stbtt_int32 off = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+10);
+
+            // check if there's a prefix match
+            stbtt_int32 matchlen = stbtt__CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian_prefix(name, nlen, fc+stringOffset+off,slen);
+            if (matchlen >= 0) {
+               // check for target_id+1 immediately following, with same encoding & language
+               if (i+1 < count && ttUSHORT(fc+loc+12+6) == next_id && ttUSHORT(fc+loc+12) == platform && ttUSHORT(fc+loc+12+2) == encoding && ttUSHORT(fc+loc+12+4) == language) {
+                  slen = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+12+8);
+                  off = ttUSHORT(fc+loc+12+10);
+                  if (slen == 0) {
+                     if (matchlen == nlen)
+                        return 1;
+                  } else if (matchlen < nlen && name[matchlen] == ' ') {
+                     ++matchlen;
+                     if (stbtt_CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian_internal((char*) (name+matchlen), nlen-matchlen, (char*)(fc+stringOffset+off),slen))
+                        return 1;
+                  }
+               } else {
+                  // if nothing immediately following
+                  if (matchlen == nlen)
+                     return 1;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+
+         // @TODO handle other encodings
+      }
+   }
+   return 0;
+}
+
+static int stbtt__matches(stbtt_uint8 *fc, stbtt_uint32 offset, stbtt_uint8 *name, stbtt_int32 flags)
+{
+   stbtt_int32 nlen = (stbtt_int32) STBTT_strlen((char *) name);
+   stbtt_uint32 nm,hd;
+   if (!stbtt__isfont(fc+offset)) return 0;
+
+   // check italics/bold/underline flags in macStyle...
+   if (flags) {
+      hd = stbtt__find_table(fc, offset, "head");
+      if ((ttUSHORT(fc+hd+44) & 7) != (flags & 7)) return 0;
+   }
+
+   nm = stbtt__find_table(fc, offset, "name");
+   if (!nm) return 0;
+
+   if (flags) {
+      // if we checked the macStyle flags, then just check the family and ignore the subfamily
+      if (stbtt__matchpair(fc, nm, name, nlen, 16, -1))  return 1;
+      if (stbtt__matchpair(fc, nm, name, nlen,  1, -1))  return 1;
+      if (stbtt__matchpair(fc, nm, name, nlen,  3, -1))  return 1;
+   } else {
+      if (stbtt__matchpair(fc, nm, name, nlen, 16, 17))  return 1;
+      if (stbtt__matchpair(fc, nm, name, nlen,  1,  2))  return 1;
+      if (stbtt__matchpair(fc, nm, name, nlen,  3, -1))  return 1;
+   }
+
+   return 0;
+}
+
+static int stbtt_FindMatchingFont_internal(unsigned char *font_collection, char *name_utf8, stbtt_int32 flags)
+{
+   stbtt_int32 i;
+   for (i=0;;++i) {
+      stbtt_int32 off = stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex(font_collection, i);
+      if (off < 0) return off;
+      if (stbtt__matches((stbtt_uint8 *) font_collection, off, (stbtt_uint8*) name_utf8, flags))
+         return off;
+   }
+}
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-qual"
+#endif
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_BakeFontBitmap(const unsigned char *data, int offset,
+                                float pixel_height, unsigned char *pixels, int pw, int ph,
+                                int first_char, int num_chars, stbtt_bakedchar *chardata)
+{
+   return stbtt_BakeFontBitmap_internal((unsigned char *) data, offset, pixel_height, pixels, pw, ph, first_char, num_chars, chardata);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex(const unsigned char *data, int index)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetFontOffsetForIndex_internal((unsigned char *) data, index);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_GetNumberOfFonts(const unsigned char *data)
+{
+   return stbtt_GetNumberOfFonts_internal((unsigned char *) data);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_InitFont(stbtt_fontinfo *info, const unsigned char *data, int offset)
+{
+   return stbtt_InitFont_internal(info, (unsigned char *) data, offset);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_FindMatchingFont(const unsigned char *fontdata, const char *name, int flags)
+{
+   return stbtt_FindMatchingFont_internal((unsigned char *) fontdata, (char *) name, flags);
+}
+
+STBTT_DEF int stbtt_CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian(const char *s1, int len1, const char *s2, int len2)
+{
+   return stbtt_CompareUTF8toUTF16_bigendian_internal((char *) s1, len1, (char *) s2, len2);
+}
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+
+#endif // STB_TRUETYPE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+
+// FULL VERSION HISTORY
+//
+//   1.25 (2021-07-11) many fixes
+//   1.24 (2020-02-05) fix warning
+//   1.23 (2020-02-02) query SVG data for glyphs; query whole kerning table (but only kern not GPOS)
+//   1.22 (2019-08-11) minimize missing-glyph duplication; fix kerning if both 'GPOS' and 'kern' are defined
+//   1.21 (2019-02-25) fix warning
+//   1.20 (2019-02-07) PackFontRange skips missing codepoints; GetScaleFontVMetrics()
+//   1.19 (2018-02-11) OpenType GPOS kerning (horizontal only), STBTT_fmod
+//   1.18 (2018-01-29) add missing function
+//   1.17 (2017-07-23) make more arguments const; doc fix
+//   1.16 (2017-07-12) SDF support
+//   1.15 (2017-03-03) make more arguments const
+//   1.14 (2017-01-16) num-fonts-in-TTC function
+//   1.13 (2017-01-02) support OpenType fonts, certain Apple fonts
+//   1.12 (2016-10-25) suppress warnings about casting away const with -Wcast-qual
+//   1.11 (2016-04-02) fix unused-variable warning
+//   1.10 (2016-04-02) allow user-defined fabs() replacement
+//                     fix memory leak if fontsize=0.0
+//                     fix warning from duplicate typedef
+//   1.09 (2016-01-16) warning fix; avoid crash on outofmem; use alloc userdata for PackFontRanges
+//   1.08 (2015-09-13) document stbtt_Rasterize(); fixes for vertical & horizontal edges
+//   1.07 (2015-08-01) allow PackFontRanges to accept arrays of sparse codepoints;
+//                     allow PackFontRanges to pack and render in separate phases;
+//                     fix stbtt_GetFontOFfsetForIndex (never worked for non-0 input?);
+//                     fixed an assert() bug in the new rasterizer
+//                     replace assert() with STBTT_assert() in new rasterizer
+//   1.06 (2015-07-14) performance improvements (~35% faster on x86 and x64 on test machine)
+//                     also more precise AA rasterizer, except if shapes overlap
+//                     remove need for STBTT_sort
+//   1.05 (2015-04-15) fix misplaced definitions for STBTT_STATIC
+//   1.04 (2015-04-15) typo in example
+//   1.03 (2015-04-12) STBTT_STATIC, fix memory leak in new packing, various fixes
+//   1.02 (2014-12-10) fix various warnings & compile issues w/ stb_rect_pack, C++
+//   1.01 (2014-12-08) fix subpixel position when oversampling to exactly match
+//                        non-oversampled; STBTT_POINT_SIZE for packed case only
+//   1.00 (2014-12-06) add new PackBegin etc. API, w/ support for oversampling
+//   0.99 (2014-09-18) fix multiple bugs with subpixel rendering (ryg)
+//   0.9  (2014-08-07) support certain mac/iOS fonts without an MS platformID
+//   0.8b (2014-07-07) fix a warning
+//   0.8  (2014-05-25) fix a few more warnings
+//   0.7  (2013-09-25) bugfix: subpixel glyph bug fixed in 0.5 had come back
+//   0.6c (2012-07-24) improve documentation
+//   0.6b (2012-07-20) fix a few more warnings
+//   0.6  (2012-07-17) fix warnings; added stbtt_ScaleForMappingEmToPixels,
+//                        stbtt_GetFontBoundingBox, stbtt_IsGlyphEmpty
+//   0.5  (2011-12-09) bugfixes:
+//                        subpixel glyph renderer computed wrong bounding box
+//                        first vertex of shape can be off-curve (FreeSans)
+//   0.4b (2011-12-03) fixed an error in the font baking example
+//   0.4  (2011-12-01) kerning, subpixel rendering (tor)
+//                    bugfixes for:
+//                        codepoint-to-glyph conversion using table fmt=12
+//                        codepoint-to-glyph conversion using table fmt=4
+//                        stbtt_GetBakedQuad with non-square texture (Zer)
+//                    updated Hello World! sample to use kerning and subpixel
+//                    fixed some warnings
+//   0.3  (2009-06-24) cmap fmt=12, compound shapes (MM)
+//                    userdata, malloc-from-userdata, non-zero fill (stb)
+//   0.2  (2009-03-11) Fix unsigned/signed char warnings
+//   0.1  (2009-03-09) First public release
+//
+
+/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This software is available under 2 licenses -- choose whichever you prefer.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE A - MIT License
+Copyright (c) 2017 Sean Barrett
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE B - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
+software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
+commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
+software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
+domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
+the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
+overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
+this software under copyright law.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.cpp b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9c3c40e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+/** @file GuillotineBinPack.cpp
+	@author Jukka Jylänki
+
+	@brief Implements different bin packer algorithms that use the GUILLOTINE data structure.
+
+	This work is released to Public Domain, do whatever you want with it.
+*/
+#include <utility>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "GuillotineBinPack.h"
+
+#pragma warning( disable : 4267 ) 
+
+namespace rbp {
+
+using namespace std;
+
+GuillotineBinPack::GuillotineBinPack()
+:binWidth(0),
+binHeight(0)
+{
+}
+
+GuillotineBinPack::GuillotineBinPack(int width, int height)
+{
+	Init(width, height);
+}
+
+void GuillotineBinPack::Init(int width, int height)
+{
+	binWidth = width;
+	binHeight = height;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	disjointRects.Clear();
+#endif
+
+	// Clear any memory of previously packed rectangles.
+	usedRectangles.clear();
+
+	// We start with a single big free rectangle that spans the whole bin.
+	Rect n;
+	n.x = 0;
+	n.y = 0;
+	n.width = width;
+	n.height = height;
+
+	freeRectangles.clear();
+	freeRectangles.push_back(n);
+}
+
+void GuillotineBinPack::Insert(std::vector<RectSize> &rects, bool merge, 
+	FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, GuillotineSplitHeuristic splitMethod)
+{
+	// Remember variables about the best packing choice we have made so far during the iteration process.
+	int bestFreeRect = 0;
+	int bestRect = 0;
+	bool bestFlipped = false;
+
+	// Pack rectangles one at a time until we have cleared the rects array of all rectangles.
+	// rects will get destroyed in the process.
+	while(rects.size() > 0)
+	{
+		// Stores the penalty score of the best rectangle placement - bigger=worse, smaller=better.
+		int bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+
+		for(size_t i = 0; i < freeRectangles.size(); ++i)
+		{
+			for(size_t j = 0; j < rects.size(); ++j)
+			{
+				// If this rectangle is a perfect match, we pick it instantly.
+				if (rects[j].width == freeRectangles[i].width && rects[j].height == freeRectangles[i].height)
+				{
+					bestFreeRect = i;
+					bestRect = j;
+					bestFlipped = false;
+					bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+					i = freeRectangles.size(); // Force a jump out of the outer loop as well - we got an instant fit.
+					break;
+				}
+				// If flipping this rectangle is a perfect match, pick that then.
+				/*else if (rects[j].height == freeRectangles[i].width && rects[j].width == freeRectangles[i].height)
+				{
+					bestFreeRect = i;
+					bestRect = j;
+					bestFlipped = true;
+					bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+					i = freeRectangles.size(); // Force a jump out of the outer loop as well - we got an instant fit.
+					break;
+				}*/
+				// Try if we can fit the rectangle upright.
+				else if (rects[j].width <= freeRectangles[i].width && rects[j].height <= freeRectangles[i].height)
+				{
+					int score = ScoreByHeuristic(rects[j].width, rects[j].height, freeRectangles[i], rectChoice);
+					if (score < bestScore)
+					{
+						bestFreeRect = i;
+						bestRect = j;
+						bestFlipped = false;
+						bestScore = score;
+					}
+				}
+				// If not, then perhaps flipping sideways will make it fit?
+				/*else if (rects[j].height <= freeRectangles[i].width && rects[j].width <= freeRectangles[i].height)
+				{
+					int score = ScoreByHeuristic(rects[j].height, rects[j].width, freeRectangles[i], rectChoice);
+					if (score < bestScore)
+					{
+						bestFreeRect = i;
+						bestRect = j;
+						bestFlipped = true;
+						bestScore = score;
+					}
+				}*/
+			}
+		}
+
+		// If we didn't manage to find any rectangle to pack, abort.
+		if (bestScore == std::numeric_limits<int>::max())
+			return;
+
+		// Otherwise, we're good to go and do the actual packing.
+		Rect newNode;
+		newNode.x = freeRectangles[bestFreeRect].x;
+		newNode.y = freeRectangles[bestFreeRect].y;
+		newNode.width = rects[bestRect].width;
+		newNode.height = rects[bestRect].height;
+
+		if (bestFlipped)
+			std::swap(newNode.width, newNode.height);
+
+		// Remove the free space we lost in the bin.
+		SplitFreeRectByHeuristic(freeRectangles[bestFreeRect], newNode, splitMethod);
+		freeRectangles.erase(freeRectangles.begin() + bestFreeRect);
+
+		// Remove the rectangle we just packed from the input list.
+		rects.erase(rects.begin() + bestRect);
+
+		// Perform a Rectangle Merge step if desired.
+		if (merge)
+			MergeFreeList();
+
+		// Remember the new used rectangle.
+		usedRectangles.push_back(newNode);
+
+		// Check that we're really producing correct packings here.
+		debug_assert(disjointRects.Add(newNode) == true);
+	}
+}
+
+/// @return True if r fits inside freeRect (possibly rotated).
+bool Fits(const RectSize &r, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	return (r.width <= freeRect.width && r.height <= freeRect.height) ||
+		(r.height <= freeRect.width && r.width <= freeRect.height);
+}
+
+/// @return True if r fits perfectly inside freeRect, i.e. the leftover area is 0.
+bool FitsPerfectly(const RectSize &r, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	return (r.width == freeRect.width && r.height == freeRect.height) ||
+		(r.height == freeRect.width && r.width == freeRect.height);
+}
+
+/*
+// A helper function for GUILLOTINE-MAXFITTING. Counts how many rectangles fit into the given rectangle
+// after it has been split.
+void CountNumFitting(const Rect &freeRect, int width, int height, const std::vector<RectSize> &rects, 
+	int usedRectIndex, bool splitHorizontal, int &score1, int &score2)
+{
+	const int w = freeRect.width - width;
+	const int h = freeRect.height - height;
+
+	Rect bottom;
+	bottom.x = freeRect.x;
+	bottom.y = freeRect.y + height;
+	bottom.height = h;
+
+	Rect right;
+	right.x = freeRect.x + width;
+	right.y = freeRect.y;
+	right.width = w;
+
+	if (splitHorizontal)
+	{
+		bottom.width = freeRect.width;
+		right.height = height;
+	}
+	else // Split vertically
+	{
+		bottom.width = width;
+		right.height = freeRect.height;
+	}
+
+	int fitBottom = 0;
+	int fitRight = 0;
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < rects.size(); ++i)
+		if (i != usedRectIndex)
+		{
+			if (FitsPerfectly(rects[i], bottom))
+				fitBottom |= 0x10000000;
+			if (FitsPerfectly(rects[i], right))
+				fitRight |= 0x10000000;
+
+			if (Fits(rects[i], bottom))
+				++fitBottom;
+			if (Fits(rects[i], right))
+				++fitRight;
+		}
+
+	score1 = min(fitBottom, fitRight);
+	score2 = max(fitBottom, fitRight);
+}
+*/
+/*
+// Implements GUILLOTINE-MAXFITTING, an experimental heuristic that's really cool but didn't quite work in practice.
+void GuillotineBinPack::InsertMaxFitting(std::vector<RectSize> &rects, std::vector<Rect> &dst, bool merge, 
+	FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, GuillotineSplitHeuristic splitMethod)
+{
+	dst.clear();
+	int bestRect = 0;
+	bool bestFlipped = false;
+	bool bestSplitHorizontal = false;
+
+	// Pick rectangles one at a time and pack the one that leaves the most choices still open.
+	while(rects.size() > 0 && freeRectangles.size() > 0)
+	{
+		int bestScore1 = -1;
+		int bestScore2 = -1;
+
+		///\todo Different sort predicates.
+		clb::sort::QuickSort(&freeRectangles[0], freeRectangles.size(), CompareRectShortSide);
+
+		Rect &freeRect = freeRectangles[0];
+
+		for(size_t j = 0; j < rects.size(); ++j)
+		{
+			int score1;
+			int score2;
+
+			if (rects[j].width == freeRect.width && rects[j].height == freeRect.height)
+			{
+				bestRect = j;
+				bestFlipped = false;
+				bestScore1 = bestScore2 = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+				break;
+			}
+			else if (rects[j].width <= freeRect.width && rects[j].height <= freeRect.height)
+			{
+				CountNumFitting(freeRect, rects[j].width, rects[j].height, rects, j, false, score1, score2);
+
+				if (score1 > bestScore1 || (score1 == bestScore1 && score2 > bestScore2))
+				{
+					bestRect = j;
+					bestScore1 = score1;
+					bestScore2 = score2;
+					bestFlipped = false;
+					bestSplitHorizontal = false;
+				}
+
+				CountNumFitting(freeRect, rects[j].width, rects[j].height, rects, j, true, score1, score2);
+
+				if (score1 > bestScore1 || (score1 == bestScore1 && score2 > bestScore2))
+				{
+					bestRect = j;
+					bestScore1 = score1;
+					bestScore2 = score2;
+					bestFlipped = false;
+					bestSplitHorizontal = true;
+				}
+			}
+
+			if (rects[j].height == freeRect.width && rects[j].width == freeRect.height)
+			{
+				bestRect = j;
+				bestFlipped = true;
+				bestScore1 = bestScore2 = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+				break;
+			}
+			else if (rects[j].height <= freeRect.width && rects[j].width <= freeRect.height)
+			{
+				CountNumFitting(freeRect, rects[j].height, rects[j].width, rects, j, false, score1, score2);
+
+				if (score1 > bestScore1 || (score1 == bestScore1 && score2 > bestScore2))
+				{
+					bestRect = j;
+					bestScore1 = score1;
+					bestScore2 = score2;
+					bestFlipped = true;
+					bestSplitHorizontal = false;
+				}
+
+				CountNumFitting(freeRect, rects[j].height, rects[j].width, rects, j, true, score1, score2);
+
+				if (score1 > bestScore1 || (score1 == bestScore1 && score2 > bestScore2))
+				{
+					bestRect = j;
+					bestScore1 = score1;
+					bestScore2 = score2;
+					bestFlipped = true;
+					bestSplitHorizontal = true;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (bestScore1 >= 0)
+		{
+			Rect newNode;
+			newNode.x = freeRect.x;
+			newNode.y = freeRect.y;
+			newNode.width = rects[bestRect].width;
+			newNode.height = rects[bestRect].height;
+			if (bestFlipped)
+				std::swap(newNode.width, newNode.height);
+
+			assert(disjointRects.Disjoint(newNode));
+			SplitFreeRectAlongAxis(freeRect, newNode, bestSplitHorizontal);
+
+			rects.erase(rects.begin() + bestRect);
+
+			if (merge)
+				MergeFreeList();
+
+			usedRectangles.push_back(newNode);
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+			disjointRects.Add(newNode);
+#endif
+		}
+
+		freeRectangles.erase(freeRectangles.begin());
+	}
+}
+*/
+
+Rect GuillotineBinPack::Insert(int width, int height, bool merge, FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, 
+	GuillotineSplitHeuristic splitMethod)
+{
+	// Find where to put the new rectangle.
+	int freeNodeIndex = 0;
+	Rect newRect = FindPositionForNewNode(width, height, rectChoice, &freeNodeIndex);
+
+	// Abort if we didn't have enough space in the bin.
+	if (newRect.height == 0)
+		return newRect;
+
+	// Remove the space that was just consumed by the new rectangle.
+	SplitFreeRectByHeuristic(freeRectangles[freeNodeIndex], newRect, splitMethod);
+	freeRectangles.erase(freeRectangles.begin() + freeNodeIndex);
+
+	// Perform a Rectangle Merge step if desired.
+	if (merge)
+		MergeFreeList();
+
+	// Remember the new used rectangle.
+	usedRectangles.push_back(newRect);
+
+	// Check that we're really producing correct packings here.
+	debug_assert(disjointRects.Add(newRect) == true);
+
+	return newRect;
+}
+
+/// Computes the ratio of used surface area to the total bin area.
+float GuillotineBinPack::Occupancy() const
+{
+	///\todo The occupancy rate could be cached/tracked incrementally instead
+	///      of looping through the list of packed rectangles here.
+	unsigned long usedSurfaceArea = 0;
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < usedRectangles.size(); ++i)
+		usedSurfaceArea += usedRectangles[i].width * usedRectangles[i].height;
+
+	return (float)usedSurfaceArea / (binWidth * binHeight);
+}
+
+/// Returns the heuristic score value for placing a rectangle of size width*height into freeRect. Does not try to rotate.
+int GuillotineBinPack::ScoreByHeuristic(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect, FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice)
+{
+	switch(rectChoice)
+	{
+	case RectBestAreaFit: return ScoreBestAreaFit(width, height, freeRect);
+	case RectBestShortSideFit: return ScoreBestShortSideFit(width, height, freeRect);
+	case RectBestLongSideFit: return ScoreBestLongSideFit(width, height, freeRect);
+	case RectWorstAreaFit: return ScoreWorstAreaFit(width, height, freeRect);
+	case RectWorstShortSideFit: return ScoreWorstShortSideFit(width, height, freeRect);
+	case RectWorstLongSideFit: return ScoreWorstLongSideFit(width, height, freeRect);
+	default: assert(false); return std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+	}
+}
+
+int GuillotineBinPack::ScoreBestAreaFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	return freeRect.width * freeRect.height - width * height;
+}
+
+int GuillotineBinPack::ScoreBestShortSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	int leftoverHoriz = abs(freeRect.width - width);
+	int leftoverVert = abs(freeRect.height - height);
+	int leftover = min(leftoverHoriz, leftoverVert);
+	return leftover;
+}
+
+int GuillotineBinPack::ScoreBestLongSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	int leftoverHoriz = abs(freeRect.width - width);
+	int leftoverVert = abs(freeRect.height - height);
+	int leftover = max(leftoverHoriz, leftoverVert);
+	return leftover;
+}
+
+int GuillotineBinPack::ScoreWorstAreaFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	return -ScoreBestAreaFit(width, height, freeRect);
+}
+
+int GuillotineBinPack::ScoreWorstShortSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	return -ScoreBestShortSideFit(width, height, freeRect);
+}
+
+int GuillotineBinPack::ScoreWorstLongSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect)
+{
+	return -ScoreBestLongSideFit(width, height, freeRect);
+}
+
+Rect GuillotineBinPack::FindPositionForNewNode(int width, int height, FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, int *nodeIndex)
+{
+	Rect bestNode;
+	memset(&bestNode, 0, sizeof(Rect));
+
+	int bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
+
+	/// Try each free rectangle to find the best one for placement.
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < freeRectangles.size(); ++i)
+	{
+		// If this is a perfect fit upright, choose it immediately.
+		if (width == freeRectangles[i].width && height == freeRectangles[i].height)
+		{
+			bestNode.x = freeRectangles[i].x;
+			bestNode.y = freeRectangles[i].y;
+			bestNode.width = width;
+			bestNode.height = height;
+			bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+			*nodeIndex = i;
+			debug_assert(disjointRects.Disjoint(bestNode));
+			break;
+		}
+		// If this is a perfect fit sideways, choose it.
+		else if (height == freeRectangles[i].width && width == freeRectangles[i].height)
+		{
+			bestNode.x = freeRectangles[i].x;
+			bestNode.y = freeRectangles[i].y;
+			bestNode.width = height;
+			bestNode.height = width;
+			bestScore = std::numeric_limits<int>::min();
+			*nodeIndex = i;
+			debug_assert(disjointRects.Disjoint(bestNode));
+			break;
+		}
+		// Does the rectangle fit upright?
+		else if (width <= freeRectangles[i].width && height <= freeRectangles[i].height)
+		{
+			int score = ScoreByHeuristic(width, height, freeRectangles[i], rectChoice);
+
+			if (score < bestScore)
+			{
+				bestNode.x = freeRectangles[i].x;
+				bestNode.y = freeRectangles[i].y;
+				bestNode.width = width;
+				bestNode.height = height;
+				bestScore = score;
+				*nodeIndex = i;
+				debug_assert(disjointRects.Disjoint(bestNode));
+			}
+		}
+		// Does the rectangle fit sideways?
+		else if (height <= freeRectangles[i].width && width <= freeRectangles[i].height)
+		{
+			int score = ScoreByHeuristic(height, width, freeRectangles[i], rectChoice);
+
+			if (score < bestScore)
+			{
+				bestNode.x = freeRectangles[i].x;
+				bestNode.y = freeRectangles[i].y;
+				bestNode.width = height;
+				bestNode.height = width;
+				bestScore = score;
+				*nodeIndex = i;
+				debug_assert(disjointRects.Disjoint(bestNode));
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return bestNode;
+}
+
+void GuillotineBinPack::SplitFreeRectByHeuristic(const Rect &freeRect, const Rect &placedRect, GuillotineSplitHeuristic method)
+{
+	// Compute the lengths of the leftover area.
+	const int w = freeRect.width - placedRect.width;
+	const int h = freeRect.height - placedRect.height;
+
+	// Placing placedRect into freeRect results in an L-shaped free area, which must be split into
+	// two disjoint rectangles. This can be achieved with by splitting the L-shape using a single line.
+	// We have two choices: horizontal or vertical.	
+
+	// Use the given heuristic to decide which choice to make.
+
+	bool splitHorizontal;
+	switch(method)
+	{
+	case SplitShorterLeftoverAxis:
+		// Split along the shorter leftover axis.
+		splitHorizontal = (w <= h);
+		break;
+	case SplitLongerLeftoverAxis:
+		// Split along the longer leftover axis.
+		splitHorizontal = (w > h);
+		break;
+	case SplitMinimizeArea:
+		// Maximize the larger area == minimize the smaller area.
+		// Tries to make the single bigger rectangle.
+		splitHorizontal = (placedRect.width * h > w * placedRect.height);
+		break;
+	case SplitMaximizeArea:
+		// Maximize the smaller area == minimize the larger area.
+		// Tries to make the rectangles more even-sized.
+		splitHorizontal = (placedRect.width * h <= w * placedRect.height);
+		break;
+	case SplitShorterAxis:
+		// Split along the shorter total axis.
+		splitHorizontal = (freeRect.width <= freeRect.height);
+		break;
+	case SplitLongerAxis:
+		// Split along the longer total axis.
+		splitHorizontal = (freeRect.width > freeRect.height);
+		break;
+	default:
+		splitHorizontal = true;
+		assert(false);
+	}
+
+	// Perform the actual split.
+	SplitFreeRectAlongAxis(freeRect, placedRect, splitHorizontal);
+}
+
+/// This function will add the two generated rectangles into the freeRectangles array. The caller is expected to
+/// remove the original rectangle from the freeRectangles array after that.
+void GuillotineBinPack::SplitFreeRectAlongAxis(const Rect &freeRect, const Rect &placedRect, bool splitHorizontal)
+{
+	// Form the two new rectangles.
+	Rect bottom;
+	bottom.x = freeRect.x;
+	bottom.y = freeRect.y + placedRect.height;
+	bottom.height = freeRect.height - placedRect.height;
+
+	Rect right;
+	right.x = freeRect.x + placedRect.width;
+	right.y = freeRect.y;
+	right.width = freeRect.width - placedRect.width;
+
+	if (splitHorizontal)
+	{
+		bottom.width = freeRect.width;
+		right.height = placedRect.height;
+	}
+	else // Split vertically
+	{
+		bottom.width = placedRect.width;
+		right.height = freeRect.height;
+	}
+
+	// Add the new rectangles into the free rectangle pool if they weren't degenerate.
+	if (bottom.width > 0 && bottom.height > 0)
+		freeRectangles.push_back(bottom);
+	if (right.width > 0 && right.height > 0)
+		freeRectangles.push_back(right);
+
+	debug_assert(disjointRects.Disjoint(bottom));
+	debug_assert(disjointRects.Disjoint(right));
+}
+
+void GuillotineBinPack::MergeFreeList()
+{
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	DisjointRectCollection test;
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < freeRectangles.size(); ++i)
+		assert(test.Add(freeRectangles[i]) == true);
+#endif
+
+	// Do a Theta(n^2) loop to see if any pair of free rectangles could me merged into one.
+	// Note that we miss any opportunities to merge three rectangles into one. (should call this function again to detect that)
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < freeRectangles.size(); ++i)
+		for(size_t j = i+1; j < freeRectangles.size(); ++j)
+		{
+			if (freeRectangles[i].width == freeRectangles[j].width && freeRectangles[i].x == freeRectangles[j].x)
+			{
+				if (freeRectangles[i].y == freeRectangles[j].y + freeRectangles[j].height)
+				{
+					freeRectangles[i].y -= freeRectangles[j].height;
+					freeRectangles[i].height += freeRectangles[j].height;
+					freeRectangles.erase(freeRectangles.begin() + j);
+					--j;
+				}
+				else if (freeRectangles[i].y + freeRectangles[i].height == freeRectangles[j].y)
+				{
+					freeRectangles[i].height += freeRectangles[j].height;
+					freeRectangles.erase(freeRectangles.begin() + j);
+					--j;
+				}
+			}
+			else if (freeRectangles[i].height == freeRectangles[j].height && freeRectangles[i].y == freeRectangles[j].y)
+			{
+				if (freeRectangles[i].x == freeRectangles[j].x + freeRectangles[j].width)
+				{
+					freeRectangles[i].x -= freeRectangles[j].width;
+					freeRectangles[i].width += freeRectangles[j].width;
+					freeRectangles.erase(freeRectangles.begin() + j);
+					--j;
+				}
+				else if (freeRectangles[i].x + freeRectangles[i].width == freeRectangles[j].x)
+				{
+					freeRectangles[i].width += freeRectangles[j].width;
+					freeRectangles.erase(freeRectangles.begin() + j);
+					--j;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	test.Clear();
+	for(size_t i = 0; i < freeRectangles.size(); ++i)
+		assert(test.Add(freeRectangles[i]) == true);
+#endif
+}
+
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.h b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76f4448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/** @file GuillotineBinPack.h
+	@author Jukka Jylänki
+
+	@brief Implements different bin packer algorithms that use the GUILLOTINE data structure.
+
+	This work is released to Public Domain, do whatever you want with it.
+*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "Rect.h"
+
+namespace rbp {
+
+/** GuillotineBinPack implements different variants of bin packer algorithms that use the GUILLOTINE data structure
+	to keep track of the free space of the bin where rectangles may be placed. */
+class GuillotineBinPack
+{
+public:
+	/// The initial bin size will be (0,0). Call Init to set the bin size.
+	GuillotineBinPack();
+
+	/// Initializes a new bin of the given size.
+	GuillotineBinPack(int width, int height);
+
+	/// (Re)initializes the packer to an empty bin of width x height units. Call whenever
+	/// you need to restart with a new bin.
+	void Init(int width, int height);
+
+	/// Specifies the different choice heuristics that can be used when deciding which of the free subrectangles
+	/// to place the to-be-packed rectangle into.
+	enum FreeRectChoiceHeuristic
+	{
+		RectBestAreaFit, ///< -BAF
+		RectBestShortSideFit, ///< -BSSF
+		RectBestLongSideFit, ///< -BLSF
+		RectWorstAreaFit, ///< -WAF
+		RectWorstShortSideFit, ///< -WSSF
+		RectWorstLongSideFit ///< -WLSF
+	};
+
+	/// Specifies the different choice heuristics that can be used when the packer needs to decide whether to
+	/// subdivide the remaining free space in horizontal or vertical direction.
+	enum GuillotineSplitHeuristic
+	{
+		SplitShorterLeftoverAxis, ///< -SLAS
+		SplitLongerLeftoverAxis, ///< -LLAS
+		SplitMinimizeArea, ///< -MINAS, Try to make a single big rectangle at the expense of making the other small.
+		SplitMaximizeArea, ///< -MAXAS, Try to make both remaining rectangles as even-sized as possible.
+		SplitShorterAxis, ///< -SAS
+		SplitLongerAxis ///< -LAS
+	};
+
+	/// Inserts a single rectangle into the bin. The packer might rotate the rectangle, in which case the returned
+	/// struct will have the width and height values swapped.
+	/// @param merge If true, performs free Rectangle Merge procedure after packing the new rectangle. This procedure
+	///		tries to defragment the list of disjoint free rectangles to improve packing performance, but also takes up 
+	///		some extra time.
+	/// @param rectChoice The free rectangle choice heuristic rule to use.
+	/// @param splitMethod The free rectangle split heuristic rule to use.
+	Rect Insert(int width, int height, bool merge, FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, GuillotineSplitHeuristic splitMethod);
+
+	/// Inserts a list of rectangles into the bin.
+	/// @param rects The list of rectangles to add. This list will be destroyed in the packing process.
+	/// @param merge If true, performs Rectangle Merge operations during the packing process.
+	/// @param rectChoice The free rectangle choice heuristic rule to use.
+	/// @param splitMethod The free rectangle split heuristic rule to use.
+	void Insert(std::vector<RectSize> &rects, bool merge, 
+		FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, GuillotineSplitHeuristic splitMethod);
+
+// Implements GUILLOTINE-MAXFITTING, an experimental heuristic that's really cool but didn't quite work in practice.
+//	void InsertMaxFitting(std::vector<RectSize> &rects, std::vector<Rect> &dst, bool merge, 
+//		FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, GuillotineSplitHeuristic splitMethod);
+
+	/// Computes the ratio of used/total surface area. 0.00 means no space is yet used, 1.00 means the whole bin is used.
+	float Occupancy() const;
+
+	/// Returns the internal list of disjoint rectangles that track the free area of the bin. You may alter this vector
+	/// any way desired, as long as the end result still is a list of disjoint rectangles.
+	std::vector<Rect> &GetFreeRectangles() { return freeRectangles; }
+
+	/// Returns the list of packed rectangles. You may alter this vector at will, for example, you can move a Rect from
+	/// this list to the Free Rectangles list to free up space on-the-fly, but notice that this causes fragmentation.
+	std::vector<Rect> &GetUsedRectangles() { return usedRectangles; }
+
+	/// Performs a Rectangle Merge operation. This procedure looks for adjacent free rectangles and merges them if they
+	/// can be represented with a single rectangle. Takes up Theta(|freeRectangles|^2) time.
+	void MergeFreeList();
+
+private:
+	int binWidth;
+	int binHeight;
+
+	/// Stores a list of all the rectangles that we have packed so far. This is used only to compute the Occupancy ratio,
+	/// so if you want to have the packer consume less memory, this can be removed.
+	std::vector<Rect> usedRectangles;
+
+	/// Stores a list of rectangles that represents the free area of the bin. This rectangles in this list are disjoint.
+	std::vector<Rect> freeRectangles;
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+	/// Used to track that the packer produces proper packings.
+	DisjointRectCollection disjointRects;
+#endif
+
+	/// Goes through the list of free rectangles and finds the best one to place a rectangle of given size into.
+	/// Running time is Theta(|freeRectangles|).
+	/// @param nodeIndex [out] The index of the free rectangle in the freeRectangles array into which the new
+	///		rect was placed.
+	/// @return A Rect structure that represents the placement of the new rect into the best free rectangle.
+	Rect FindPositionForNewNode(int width, int height, FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice, int *nodeIndex);
+
+	static int ScoreByHeuristic(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect, FreeRectChoiceHeuristic rectChoice);
+	// The following functions compute (penalty) score values if a rect of the given size was placed into the 
+	// given free rectangle. In these score values, smaller is better.
+
+	static int ScoreBestAreaFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect);
+	static int ScoreBestShortSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect);
+	static int ScoreBestLongSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect);
+
+	static int ScoreWorstAreaFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect);
+	static int ScoreWorstShortSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect);
+	static int ScoreWorstLongSideFit(int width, int height, const Rect &freeRect);
+
+	/// Splits the given L-shaped free rectangle into two new free rectangles after placedRect has been placed into it.
+	/// Determines the split axis by using the given heuristic.
+	void SplitFreeRectByHeuristic(const Rect &freeRect, const Rect &placedRect, GuillotineSplitHeuristic method);
+
+	/// Splits the given L-shaped free rectangle into two new free rectangles along the given fixed split axis.
+	void SplitFreeRectAlongAxis(const Rect &freeRect, const Rect &placedRect, bool splitHorizontal);
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/Rect.cpp b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/Rect.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..06bc3d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/Rect.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+/** @file Rect.cpp
+	@author Jukka Jylänki
+
+	This work is released to Public Domain, do whatever you want with it.
+*/
+#include <utility>
+
+#include "Rect.h"
+
+namespace rbp {
+
+/*
+#include "clb/Algorithm/Sort.h"
+
+int CompareRectShortSide(const Rect &a, const Rect &b)
+{
+	using namespace std;
+
+	int smallerSideA = min(a.width, a.height);
+	int smallerSideB = min(b.width, b.height);
+
+	if (smallerSideA != smallerSideB)
+		return clb::sort::TriCmp(smallerSideA, smallerSideB);
+
+	// Tie-break on the larger side.
+	int largerSideA = max(a.width, a.height);
+	int largerSideB = max(b.width, b.height);
+
+	return clb::sort::TriCmp(largerSideA, largerSideB);
+}
+*/
+/*
+int NodeSortCmp(const Rect &a, const Rect &b)
+{
+	if (a.x != b.x)
+		return clb::sort::TriCmp(a.x, b.x);
+	if (a.y != b.y)
+		return clb::sort::TriCmp(a.y, b.y);
+	if (a.width != b.width)
+		return clb::sort::TriCmp(a.width, b.width);
+	return clb::sort::TriCmp(a.height, b.height);
+}
+*/
+bool IsContainedIn(const Rect &a, const Rect &b)
+{
+	return a.x >= b.x && a.y >= b.y 
+		&& a.x+a.width <= b.x+b.width 
+		&& a.y+a.height <= b.y+b.height;
+}
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/Rect.h b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/Rect.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd4bd2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/Rect.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/** @file Rect.h
+	@author Jukka Jylänki
+
+	This work is released to Public Domain, do whatever you want with it.
+*/
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+/// debug_assert is an assert that also requires debug mode to be defined.
+#define debug_assert(x) assert(x)
+#else
+#define debug_assert(x)
+#endif
+
+//using namespace std;
+
+namespace rbp {
+
+struct RectSize
+{
+	int width;
+	int height;
+};
+
+struct Rect
+{
+	int x;
+	int y;
+	int width;
+	int height;
+};
+
+/// Performs a lexicographic compare on (rect short side, rect long side).
+/// @return -1 if the smaller side of a is shorter than the smaller side of b, 1 if the other way around.
+///   If they are equal, the larger side length is used as a tie-breaker.
+///   If the rectangles are of same size, returns 0.
+int CompareRectShortSide(const Rect &a, const Rect &b);
+
+/// Performs a lexicographic compare on (x, y, width, height).
+int NodeSortCmp(const Rect &a, const Rect &b);
+
+/// Returns true if a is contained in b.
+bool IsContainedIn(const Rect &a, const Rect &b);
+
+class DisjointRectCollection
+{
+public:
+	std::vector<Rect> rects;
+
+	bool Add(const Rect &r)
+	{
+		// Degenerate rectangles are ignored.
+		if (r.width == 0 || r.height == 0)
+			return true;
+
+		if (!Disjoint(r))
+			return false;
+		rects.push_back(r);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	void Clear()
+	{
+		rects.clear();
+	}
+
+	bool Disjoint(const Rect &r) const
+	{
+		// Degenerate rectangles are ignored.
+		if (r.width == 0 || r.height == 0)
+			return true;
+
+		for(size_t i = 0; i < rects.size(); ++i)
+			if (!Disjoint(rects[i], r))
+				return false;
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	static bool Disjoint(const Rect &a, const Rect &b)
+	{
+		if (a.x + a.width <= b.x ||
+			b.x + b.width <= a.x ||
+			a.y + a.height <= b.y ||
+			b.y + b.height <= a.y)
+			return true;
+		return false;
+	}
+};
+
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/lodepng.cpp b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/lodepng.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a396be0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/lodepng.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,6488 @@
+/*
+LodePNG version 20220109
+
+Copyright (c) 2005-2022 Lode Vandevenne
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+arising from the use of this software.
+
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+    1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+    claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
+    in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
+    appreciated but is not required.
+
+    2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+    misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+    3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
+    distribution.
+*/
+
+/*
+The manual and changelog are in the header file "lodepng.h"
+Rename this file to lodepng.cpp to use it for C++, or to lodepng.c to use it for C.
+*/
+
+#include "lodepng.h"
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+#include <limits.h> /* LONG_MAX */
+#include <stdio.h> /* file handling */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS
+#include <stdlib.h> /* allocations */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS */
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1310) /*Visual Studio: A few warning types are not desired here.*/
+#pragma warning( disable : 4244 ) /*implicit conversions: not warned by gcc -Wall -Wextra and requires too much casts*/
+#pragma warning( disable : 4996 ) /*VS does not like fopen, but fopen_s is not standard C so unusable here*/
+#endif /*_MSC_VER */
+
+const char* LODEPNG_VERSION_STRING = "20220109";
+
+/*
+This source file is built up in the following large parts. The code sections
+with the "LODEPNG_COMPILE_" #defines divide this up further in an intermixed way.
+-Tools for C and common code for PNG and Zlib
+-C Code for Zlib (huffman, deflate, ...)
+-C Code for PNG (file format chunks, adam7, PNG filters, color conversions, ...)
+-The C++ wrapper around all of the above
+*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* // Tools for C, and common code for PNG and Zlib.                       // */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/*The malloc, realloc and free functions defined here with "lodepng_" in front
+of the name, so that you can easily change them to others related to your
+platform if needed. Everything else in the code calls these. Pass
+-DLODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS to the compiler, or comment out
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS in the header, to disable the ones here and
+define them in your own project's source files without needing to change
+lodepng source code. Don't forget to remove "static" if you copypaste them
+from here.*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS
+static void* lodepng_malloc(size_t size) {
+#ifdef LODEPNG_MAX_ALLOC
+  if(size > LODEPNG_MAX_ALLOC) return 0;
+#endif
+  return malloc(size);
+}
+
+/* NOTE: when realloc returns NULL, it leaves the original memory untouched */
+static void* lodepng_realloc(void* ptr, size_t new_size) {
+#ifdef LODEPNG_MAX_ALLOC
+  if(new_size > LODEPNG_MAX_ALLOC) return 0;
+#endif
+  return realloc(ptr, new_size);
+}
+
+static void lodepng_free(void* ptr) {
+  free(ptr);
+}
+#else /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS*/
+/* TODO: support giving additional void* payload to the custom allocators */
+void* lodepng_malloc(size_t size);
+void* lodepng_realloc(void* ptr, size_t new_size);
+void lodepng_free(void* ptr);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS*/
+
+/* convince the compiler to inline a function, for use when this measurably improves performance */
+/* inline is not available in C90, but use it when supported by the compiler */
+#if (defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && (__STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L)) || (defined(__cplusplus) && (__cplusplus >= 199711L))
+#define LODEPNG_INLINE inline
+#else
+#define LODEPNG_INLINE /* not available */
+#endif
+
+/* restrict is not available in C90, but use it when supported by the compiler */
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))) ||\
+    (defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)) || \
+    (defined(__WATCOMC__) && (__WATCOMC__ >= 1250) && !defined(__cplusplus))
+#define LODEPNG_RESTRICT __restrict
+#else
+#define LODEPNG_RESTRICT /* not available */
+#endif
+
+/* Replacements for C library functions such as memcpy and strlen, to support platforms
+where a full C library is not available. The compiler can recognize them and compile
+to something as fast. */
+
+static void lodepng_memcpy(void* LODEPNG_RESTRICT dst,
+                           const void* LODEPNG_RESTRICT src, size_t size) {
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i < size; i++) ((char*)dst)[i] = ((const char*)src)[i];
+}
+
+static void lodepng_memset(void* LODEPNG_RESTRICT dst,
+                           int value, size_t num) {
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i < num; i++) ((char*)dst)[i] = (char)value;
+}
+
+/* does not check memory out of bounds, do not use on untrusted data */
+static size_t lodepng_strlen(const char* a) {
+  const char* orig = a;
+  /* avoid warning about unused function in case of disabled COMPILE... macros */
+  (void)(&lodepng_strlen);
+  while(*a) a++;
+  return (size_t)(a - orig);
+}
+
+#define LODEPNG_MAX(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+#define LODEPNG_MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+#define LODEPNG_ABS(x) ((x) < 0 ? -(x) : (x))
+
+#if defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER)
+/* Safely check if adding two integers will overflow (no undefined
+behavior, compiler removing the code, etc...) and output result. */
+static int lodepng_addofl(size_t a, size_t b, size_t* result) {
+  *result = a + b; /* Unsigned addition is well defined and safe in C90 */
+  return *result < a;
+}
+#endif /*defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER)*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/* Safely check if multiplying two integers will overflow (no undefined
+behavior, compiler removing the code, etc...) and output result. */
+static int lodepng_mulofl(size_t a, size_t b, size_t* result) {
+  *result = a * b; /* Unsigned multiplication is well defined and safe in C90 */
+  return (a != 0 && *result / a != b);
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB
+/* Safely check if a + b > c, even if overflow could happen. */
+static int lodepng_gtofl(size_t a, size_t b, size_t c) {
+  size_t d;
+  if(lodepng_addofl(a, b, &d)) return 1;
+  return d > c;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+
+/*
+Often in case of an error a value is assigned to a variable and then it breaks
+out of a loop (to go to the cleanup phase of a function). This macro does that.
+It makes the error handling code shorter and more readable.
+
+Example: if(!uivector_resize(&lz77_encoded, datasize)) ERROR_BREAK(83);
+*/
+#define CERROR_BREAK(errorvar, code){\
+  errorvar = code;\
+  break;\
+}
+
+/*version of CERROR_BREAK that assumes the common case where the error variable is named "error"*/
+#define ERROR_BREAK(code) CERROR_BREAK(error, code)
+
+/*Set error var to the error code, and return it.*/
+#define CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(errorvar, code){\
+  errorvar = code;\
+  return code;\
+}
+
+/*Try the code, if it returns error, also return the error.*/
+#define CERROR_TRY_RETURN(call){\
+  unsigned error = call;\
+  if(error) return error;\
+}
+
+/*Set error var to the error code, and return from the void function.*/
+#define CERROR_RETURN(errorvar, code){\
+  errorvar = code;\
+  return;\
+}
+
+/*
+About uivector, ucvector and string:
+-All of them wrap dynamic arrays or text strings in a similar way.
+-LodePNG was originally written in C++. The vectors replace the std::vectors that were used in the C++ version.
+-The string tools are made to avoid problems with compilers that declare things like strncat as deprecated.
+-They're not used in the interface, only internally in this file as static functions.
+-As with many other structs in this file, the init and cleanup functions serve as ctor and dtor.
+*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/*dynamic vector of unsigned ints*/
+typedef struct uivector {
+  unsigned* data;
+  size_t size; /*size in number of unsigned longs*/
+  size_t allocsize; /*allocated size in bytes*/
+} uivector;
+
+static void uivector_cleanup(void* p) {
+  ((uivector*)p)->size = ((uivector*)p)->allocsize = 0;
+  lodepng_free(((uivector*)p)->data);
+  ((uivector*)p)->data = NULL;
+}
+
+/*returns 1 if success, 0 if failure ==> nothing done*/
+static unsigned uivector_resize(uivector* p, size_t size) {
+  size_t allocsize = size * sizeof(unsigned);
+  if(allocsize > p->allocsize) {
+    size_t newsize = allocsize + (p->allocsize >> 1u);
+    void* data = lodepng_realloc(p->data, newsize);
+    if(data) {
+      p->allocsize = newsize;
+      p->data = (unsigned*)data;
+    }
+    else return 0; /*error: not enough memory*/
+  }
+  p->size = size;
+  return 1; /*success*/
+}
+
+static void uivector_init(uivector* p) {
+  p->data = NULL;
+  p->size = p->allocsize = 0;
+}
+
+/*returns 1 if success, 0 if failure ==> nothing done*/
+static unsigned uivector_push_back(uivector* p, unsigned c) {
+  if(!uivector_resize(p, p->size + 1)) return 0;
+  p->data[p->size - 1] = c;
+  return 1;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB*/
+
+/* /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/*dynamic vector of unsigned chars*/
+typedef struct ucvector {
+  unsigned char* data;
+  size_t size; /*used size*/
+  size_t allocsize; /*allocated size*/
+} ucvector;
+
+/*returns 1 if success, 0 if failure ==> nothing done*/
+static unsigned ucvector_reserve(ucvector* p, size_t size) {
+  if(size > p->allocsize) {
+    size_t newsize = size + (p->allocsize >> 1u);
+    void* data = lodepng_realloc(p->data, newsize);
+    if(data) {
+      p->allocsize = newsize;
+      p->data = (unsigned char*)data;
+    }
+    else return 0; /*error: not enough memory*/
+  }
+  return 1; /*success*/
+}
+
+/*returns 1 if success, 0 if failure ==> nothing done*/
+static unsigned ucvector_resize(ucvector* p, size_t size) {
+  p->size = size;
+  return ucvector_reserve(p, size);
+}
+
+static ucvector ucvector_init(unsigned char* buffer, size_t size) {
+  ucvector v;
+  v.data = buffer;
+  v.allocsize = v.size = size;
+  return v;
+}
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+
+/*free string pointer and set it to NULL*/
+static void string_cleanup(char** out) {
+  lodepng_free(*out);
+  *out = NULL;
+}
+
+/*also appends null termination character*/
+static char* alloc_string_sized(const char* in, size_t insize) {
+  char* out = (char*)lodepng_malloc(insize + 1);
+  if(out) {
+    lodepng_memcpy(out, in, insize);
+    out[insize] = 0;
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+/* dynamically allocates a new string with a copy of the null terminated input text */
+static char* alloc_string(const char* in) {
+  return alloc_string_sized(in, lodepng_strlen(in));
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#if defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG)
+static unsigned lodepng_read32bitInt(const unsigned char* buffer) {
+  return (((unsigned)buffer[0] << 24u) | ((unsigned)buffer[1] << 16u) |
+         ((unsigned)buffer[2] << 8u) | (unsigned)buffer[3]);
+}
+#endif /*defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG)*/
+
+#if defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER)
+/*buffer must have at least 4 allocated bytes available*/
+static void lodepng_set32bitInt(unsigned char* buffer, unsigned value) {
+  buffer[0] = (unsigned char)((value >> 24) & 0xff);
+  buffer[1] = (unsigned char)((value >> 16) & 0xff);
+  buffer[2] = (unsigned char)((value >>  8) & 0xff);
+  buffer[3] = (unsigned char)((value      ) & 0xff);
+}
+#endif /*defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER)*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / File IO                                                                / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+
+/* returns negative value on error. This should be pure C compatible, so no fstat. */
+static long lodepng_filesize(const char* filename) {
+  FILE* file;
+  long size;
+  file = fopen(filename, "rb");
+  if(!file) return -1;
+
+  if(fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END) != 0) {
+    fclose(file);
+    return -1;
+  }
+
+  size = ftell(file);
+  /* It may give LONG_MAX as directory size, this is invalid for us. */
+  if(size == LONG_MAX) size = -1;
+
+  fclose(file);
+  return size;
+}
+
+/* load file into buffer that already has the correct allocated size. Returns error code.*/
+static unsigned lodepng_buffer_file(unsigned char* out, size_t size, const char* filename) {
+  FILE* file;
+  size_t readsize;
+  file = fopen(filename, "rb");
+  if(!file) return 78;
+
+  readsize = fread(out, 1, size, file);
+  fclose(file);
+
+  if(readsize != size) return 78;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_load_file(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const char* filename) {
+  long size = lodepng_filesize(filename);
+  if(size < 0) return 78;
+  *outsize = (size_t)size;
+
+  *out = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc((size_t)size);
+  if(!(*out) && size > 0) return 83; /*the above malloc failed*/
+
+  return lodepng_buffer_file(*out, (size_t)size, filename);
+}
+
+/*write given buffer to the file, overwriting the file, it doesn't append to it.*/
+unsigned lodepng_save_file(const unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffersize, const char* filename) {
+  FILE* file;
+  file = fopen(filename, "wb" );
+  if(!file) return 79;
+  fwrite(buffer, 1, buffersize, file);
+  fclose(file);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* // End of common code and tools. Begin of Zlib related code.            // */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+
+typedef struct {
+  ucvector* data;
+  unsigned char bp; /*ok to overflow, indicates bit pos inside byte*/
+} LodePNGBitWriter;
+
+static void LodePNGBitWriter_init(LodePNGBitWriter* writer, ucvector* data) {
+  writer->data = data;
+  writer->bp = 0;
+}
+
+/*TODO: this ignores potential out of memory errors*/
+#define WRITEBIT(writer, bit){\
+  /* append new byte */\
+  if(((writer->bp) & 7u) == 0) {\
+    if(!ucvector_resize(writer->data, writer->data->size + 1)) return;\
+    writer->data->data[writer->data->size - 1] = 0;\
+  }\
+  (writer->data->data[writer->data->size - 1]) |= (bit << ((writer->bp) & 7u));\
+  ++writer->bp;\
+}
+
+/* LSB of value is written first, and LSB of bytes is used first */
+static void writeBits(LodePNGBitWriter* writer, unsigned value, size_t nbits) {
+  if(nbits == 1) { /* compiler should statically compile this case if nbits == 1 */
+    WRITEBIT(writer, value);
+  } else {
+    /* TODO: increase output size only once here rather than in each WRITEBIT */
+    size_t i;
+    for(i = 0; i != nbits; ++i) {
+      WRITEBIT(writer, (unsigned char)((value >> i) & 1));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* This one is to use for adding huffman symbol, the value bits are written MSB first */
+static void writeBitsReversed(LodePNGBitWriter* writer, unsigned value, size_t nbits) {
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i != nbits; ++i) {
+    /* TODO: increase output size only once here rather than in each WRITEBIT */
+    WRITEBIT(writer, (unsigned char)((value >> (nbits - 1u - i)) & 1u));
+  }
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+
+typedef struct {
+  const unsigned char* data;
+  size_t size; /*size of data in bytes*/
+  size_t bitsize; /*size of data in bits, end of valid bp values, should be 8*size*/
+  size_t bp;
+  unsigned buffer; /*buffer for reading bits. NOTE: 'unsigned' must support at least 32 bits*/
+} LodePNGBitReader;
+
+/* data size argument is in bytes. Returns error if size too large causing overflow */
+static unsigned LodePNGBitReader_init(LodePNGBitReader* reader, const unsigned char* data, size_t size) {
+  size_t temp;
+  reader->data = data;
+  reader->size = size;
+  /* size in bits, return error if overflow (if size_t is 32 bit this supports up to 500MB)  */
+  if(lodepng_mulofl(size, 8u, &reader->bitsize)) return 105;
+  /*ensure incremented bp can be compared to bitsize without overflow even when it would be incremented 32 too much and
+  trying to ensure 32 more bits*/
+  if(lodepng_addofl(reader->bitsize, 64u, &temp)) return 105;
+  reader->bp = 0;
+  reader->buffer = 0;
+  return 0; /*ok*/
+}
+
+/*
+ensureBits functions:
+Ensures the reader can at least read nbits bits in one or more readBits calls,
+safely even if not enough bits are available.
+The nbits parameter is unused but is given for documentation purposes, error
+checking for amount of bits must be done beforehand.
+*/
+
+/*See ensureBits documentation above. This one ensures up to 9 bits */
+static LODEPNG_INLINE void ensureBits9(LodePNGBitReader* reader, size_t nbits) {
+  size_t start = reader->bp >> 3u;
+  size_t size = reader->size;
+  if(start + 1u < size) {
+    reader->buffer = (unsigned)reader->data[start + 0] | ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 1] << 8u);
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+  } else {
+    reader->buffer = 0;
+    if(start + 0u < size) reader->buffer = reader->data[start + 0];
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+  }
+  (void)nbits;
+}
+
+/*See ensureBits documentation above. This one ensures up to 17 bits */
+static LODEPNG_INLINE void ensureBits17(LodePNGBitReader* reader, size_t nbits) {
+  size_t start = reader->bp >> 3u;
+  size_t size = reader->size;
+  if(start + 2u < size) {
+    reader->buffer = (unsigned)reader->data[start + 0] | ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 1] << 8u) |
+                     ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 2] << 16u);
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+  } else {
+    reader->buffer = 0;
+    if(start + 0u < size) reader->buffer |= reader->data[start + 0];
+    if(start + 1u < size) reader->buffer |= ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 1] << 8u);
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+  }
+  (void)nbits;
+}
+
+/*See ensureBits documentation above. This one ensures up to 25 bits */
+static LODEPNG_INLINE void ensureBits25(LodePNGBitReader* reader, size_t nbits) {
+  size_t start = reader->bp >> 3u;
+  size_t size = reader->size;
+  if(start + 3u < size) {
+    reader->buffer = (unsigned)reader->data[start + 0] | ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 1] << 8u) |
+                     ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 2] << 16u) | ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 3] << 24u);
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+  } else {
+    reader->buffer = 0;
+    if(start + 0u < size) reader->buffer |= reader->data[start + 0];
+    if(start + 1u < size) reader->buffer |= ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 1] << 8u);
+    if(start + 2u < size) reader->buffer |= ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 2] << 16u);
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+  }
+  (void)nbits;
+}
+
+/*See ensureBits documentation above. This one ensures up to 32 bits */
+static LODEPNG_INLINE void ensureBits32(LodePNGBitReader* reader, size_t nbits) {
+  size_t start = reader->bp >> 3u;
+  size_t size = reader->size;
+  if(start + 4u < size) {
+    reader->buffer = (unsigned)reader->data[start + 0] | ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 1] << 8u) |
+                     ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 2] << 16u) | ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 3] << 24u);
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+    reader->buffer |= (((unsigned)reader->data[start + 4] << 24u) << (8u - (reader->bp & 7u)));
+  } else {
+    reader->buffer = 0;
+    if(start + 0u < size) reader->buffer |= reader->data[start + 0];
+    if(start + 1u < size) reader->buffer |= ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 1] << 8u);
+    if(start + 2u < size) reader->buffer |= ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 2] << 16u);
+    if(start + 3u < size) reader->buffer |= ((unsigned)reader->data[start + 3] << 24u);
+    reader->buffer >>= (reader->bp & 7u);
+  }
+  (void)nbits;
+}
+
+/* Get bits without advancing the bit pointer. Must have enough bits available with ensureBits. Max nbits is 31. */
+static LODEPNG_INLINE unsigned peekBits(LodePNGBitReader* reader, size_t nbits) {
+  /* The shift allows nbits to be only up to 31. */
+  return reader->buffer & ((1u << nbits) - 1u);
+}
+
+/* Must have enough bits available with ensureBits */
+static LODEPNG_INLINE void advanceBits(LodePNGBitReader* reader, size_t nbits) {
+  reader->buffer >>= nbits;
+  reader->bp += nbits;
+}
+
+/* Must have enough bits available with ensureBits */
+static LODEPNG_INLINE unsigned readBits(LodePNGBitReader* reader, size_t nbits) {
+  unsigned result = peekBits(reader, nbits);
+  advanceBits(reader, nbits);
+  return result;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+static unsigned reverseBits(unsigned bits, unsigned num) {
+  /*TODO: implement faster lookup table based version when needed*/
+  unsigned i, result = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i < num; i++) result |= ((bits >> (num - i - 1u)) & 1u) << i;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / Deflate - Huffman                                                      / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#define FIRST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX 257
+#define LAST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX 285
+/*256 literals, the end code, some length codes, and 2 unused codes*/
+#define NUM_DEFLATE_CODE_SYMBOLS 288
+/*the distance codes have their own symbols, 30 used, 2 unused*/
+#define NUM_DISTANCE_SYMBOLS 32
+/*the code length codes. 0-15: code lengths, 16: copy previous 3-6 times, 17: 3-10 zeros, 18: 11-138 zeros*/
+#define NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES 19
+
+/*the base lengths represented by codes 257-285*/
+static const unsigned LENGTHBASE[29]
+  = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35, 43, 51, 59,
+     67, 83, 99, 115, 131, 163, 195, 227, 258};
+
+/*the extra bits used by codes 257-285 (added to base length)*/
+static const unsigned LENGTHEXTRA[29]
+  = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  2,  2,  2,  2,  3,  3,  3,  3,
+      4,  4,  4,   4,   5,   5,   5,   5,   0};
+
+/*the base backwards distances (the bits of distance codes appear after length codes and use their own huffman tree)*/
+static const unsigned DISTANCEBASE[30]
+  = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 17, 25, 33, 49, 65, 97, 129, 193, 257, 385, 513,
+     769, 1025, 1537, 2049, 3073, 4097, 6145, 8193, 12289, 16385, 24577};
+
+/*the extra bits of backwards distances (added to base)*/
+static const unsigned DISTANCEEXTRA[30]
+  = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2,  2,  3,  3,  4,  4,  5,  5,   6,   6,   7,   7,   8,
+       8,    9,    9,   10,   10,   11,   11,   12,    12,    13,    13};
+
+/*the order in which "code length alphabet code lengths" are stored as specified by deflate, out of this the huffman
+tree of the dynamic huffman tree lengths is generated*/
+static const unsigned CLCL_ORDER[NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES]
+  = {16, 17, 18, 0, 8, 7, 9, 6, 10, 5, 11, 4, 12, 3, 13, 2, 14, 1, 15};
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/*
+Huffman tree struct, containing multiple representations of the tree
+*/
+typedef struct HuffmanTree {
+  unsigned* codes; /*the huffman codes (bit patterns representing the symbols)*/
+  unsigned* lengths; /*the lengths of the huffman codes*/
+  unsigned maxbitlen; /*maximum number of bits a single code can get*/
+  unsigned numcodes; /*number of symbols in the alphabet = number of codes*/
+  /* for reading only */
+  unsigned char* table_len; /*length of symbol from lookup table, or max length if secondary lookup needed*/
+  unsigned short* table_value; /*value of symbol from lookup table, or pointer to secondary table if needed*/
+} HuffmanTree;
+
+static void HuffmanTree_init(HuffmanTree* tree) {
+  tree->codes = 0;
+  tree->lengths = 0;
+  tree->table_len = 0;
+  tree->table_value = 0;
+}
+
+static void HuffmanTree_cleanup(HuffmanTree* tree) {
+  lodepng_free(tree->codes);
+  lodepng_free(tree->lengths);
+  lodepng_free(tree->table_len);
+  lodepng_free(tree->table_value);
+}
+
+/* amount of bits for first huffman table lookup (aka root bits), see HuffmanTree_makeTable and huffmanDecodeSymbol.*/
+/* values 8u and 9u work the fastest */
+#define FIRSTBITS 9u
+
+/* a symbol value too big to represent any valid symbol, to indicate reading disallowed huffman bits combination,
+which is possible in case of only 0 or 1 present symbols. */
+#define INVALIDSYMBOL 65535u
+
+/* make table for huffman decoding */
+static unsigned HuffmanTree_makeTable(HuffmanTree* tree) {
+  static const unsigned headsize = 1u << FIRSTBITS; /*size of the first table*/
+  static const unsigned mask = (1u << FIRSTBITS) /*headsize*/ - 1u;
+  size_t i, numpresent, pointer, size; /*total table size*/
+  unsigned* maxlens = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(headsize * sizeof(unsigned));
+  if(!maxlens) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  /* compute maxlens: max total bit length of symbols sharing prefix in the first table*/
+  lodepng_memset(maxlens, 0, headsize * sizeof(*maxlens));
+  for(i = 0; i < tree->numcodes; i++) {
+    unsigned symbol = tree->codes[i];
+    unsigned l = tree->lengths[i];
+    unsigned index;
+    if(l <= FIRSTBITS) continue; /*symbols that fit in first table don't increase secondary table size*/
+    /*get the FIRSTBITS MSBs, the MSBs of the symbol are encoded first. See later comment about the reversing*/
+    index = reverseBits(symbol >> (l - FIRSTBITS), FIRSTBITS);
+    maxlens[index] = LODEPNG_MAX(maxlens[index], l);
+  }
+  /* compute total table size: size of first table plus all secondary tables for symbols longer than FIRSTBITS */
+  size = headsize;
+  for(i = 0; i < headsize; ++i) {
+    unsigned l = maxlens[i];
+    if(l > FIRSTBITS) size += (1u << (l - FIRSTBITS));
+  }
+  tree->table_len = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(size * sizeof(*tree->table_len));
+  tree->table_value = (unsigned short*)lodepng_malloc(size * sizeof(*tree->table_value));
+  if(!tree->table_len || !tree->table_value) {
+    lodepng_free(maxlens);
+    /* freeing tree->table values is done at a higher scope */
+    return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  }
+  /*initialize with an invalid length to indicate unused entries*/
+  for(i = 0; i < size; ++i) tree->table_len[i] = 16;
+
+  /*fill in the first table for long symbols: max prefix size and pointer to secondary tables*/
+  pointer = headsize;
+  for(i = 0; i < headsize; ++i) {
+    unsigned l = maxlens[i];
+    if(l <= FIRSTBITS) continue;
+    tree->table_len[i] = l;
+    tree->table_value[i] = pointer;
+    pointer += (1u << (l - FIRSTBITS));
+  }
+  lodepng_free(maxlens);
+
+  /*fill in the first table for short symbols, or secondary table for long symbols*/
+  numpresent = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i < tree->numcodes; ++i) {
+    unsigned l = tree->lengths[i];
+    unsigned symbol = tree->codes[i]; /*the huffman bit pattern. i itself is the value.*/
+    /*reverse bits, because the huffman bits are given in MSB first order but the bit reader reads LSB first*/
+    unsigned reverse = reverseBits(symbol, l);
+    if(l == 0) continue;
+    numpresent++;
+
+    if(l <= FIRSTBITS) {
+      /*short symbol, fully in first table, replicated num times if l < FIRSTBITS*/
+      unsigned num = 1u << (FIRSTBITS - l);
+      unsigned j;
+      for(j = 0; j < num; ++j) {
+        /*bit reader will read the l bits of symbol first, the remaining FIRSTBITS - l bits go to the MSB's*/
+        unsigned index = reverse | (j << l);
+        if(tree->table_len[index] != 16) return 55; /*invalid tree: long symbol shares prefix with short symbol*/
+        tree->table_len[index] = l;
+        tree->table_value[index] = i;
+      }
+    } else {
+      /*long symbol, shares prefix with other long symbols in first lookup table, needs second lookup*/
+      /*the FIRSTBITS MSBs of the symbol are the first table index*/
+      unsigned index = reverse & mask;
+      unsigned maxlen = tree->table_len[index];
+      /*log2 of secondary table length, should be >= l - FIRSTBITS*/
+      unsigned tablelen = maxlen - FIRSTBITS;
+      unsigned start = tree->table_value[index]; /*starting index in secondary table*/
+      unsigned num = 1u << (tablelen - (l - FIRSTBITS)); /*amount of entries of this symbol in secondary table*/
+      unsigned j;
+      if(maxlen < l) return 55; /*invalid tree: long symbol shares prefix with short symbol*/
+      for(j = 0; j < num; ++j) {
+        unsigned reverse2 = reverse >> FIRSTBITS; /* l - FIRSTBITS bits */
+        unsigned index2 = start + (reverse2 | (j << (l - FIRSTBITS)));
+        tree->table_len[index2] = l;
+        tree->table_value[index2] = i;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(numpresent < 2) {
+    /* In case of exactly 1 symbol, in theory the huffman symbol needs 0 bits,
+    but deflate uses 1 bit instead. In case of 0 symbols, no symbols can
+    appear at all, but such huffman tree could still exist (e.g. if distance
+    codes are never used). In both cases, not all symbols of the table will be
+    filled in. Fill them in with an invalid symbol value so returning them from
+    huffmanDecodeSymbol will cause error. */
+    for(i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+      if(tree->table_len[i] == 16) {
+        /* As length, use a value smaller than FIRSTBITS for the head table,
+        and a value larger than FIRSTBITS for the secondary table, to ensure
+        valid behavior for advanceBits when reading this symbol. */
+        tree->table_len[i] = (i < headsize) ? 1 : (FIRSTBITS + 1);
+        tree->table_value[i] = INVALIDSYMBOL;
+      }
+    }
+  } else {
+    /* A good huffman tree has N * 2 - 1 nodes, of which N - 1 are internal nodes.
+    If that is not the case (due to too long length codes), the table will not
+    have been fully used, and this is an error (not all bit combinations can be
+    decoded): an oversubscribed huffman tree, indicated by error 55. */
+    for(i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
+      if(tree->table_len[i] == 16) return 55;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+Second step for the ...makeFromLengths and ...makeFromFrequencies functions.
+numcodes, lengths and maxbitlen must already be filled in correctly. return
+value is error.
+*/
+static unsigned HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths2(HuffmanTree* tree) {
+  unsigned* blcount;
+  unsigned* nextcode;
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned bits, n;
+
+  tree->codes = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(tree->numcodes * sizeof(unsigned));
+  blcount = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc((tree->maxbitlen + 1) * sizeof(unsigned));
+  nextcode = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc((tree->maxbitlen + 1) * sizeof(unsigned));
+  if(!tree->codes || !blcount || !nextcode) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  if(!error) {
+    for(n = 0; n != tree->maxbitlen + 1; n++) blcount[n] = nextcode[n] = 0;
+    /*step 1: count number of instances of each code length*/
+    for(bits = 0; bits != tree->numcodes; ++bits) ++blcount[tree->lengths[bits]];
+    /*step 2: generate the nextcode values*/
+    for(bits = 1; bits <= tree->maxbitlen; ++bits) {
+      nextcode[bits] = (nextcode[bits - 1] + blcount[bits - 1]) << 1u;
+    }
+    /*step 3: generate all the codes*/
+    for(n = 0; n != tree->numcodes; ++n) {
+      if(tree->lengths[n] != 0) {
+        tree->codes[n] = nextcode[tree->lengths[n]]++;
+        /*remove superfluous bits from the code*/
+        tree->codes[n] &= ((1u << tree->lengths[n]) - 1u);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(blcount);
+  lodepng_free(nextcode);
+
+  if(!error) error = HuffmanTree_makeTable(tree);
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*
+given the code lengths (as stored in the PNG file), generate the tree as defined
+by Deflate. maxbitlen is the maximum bits that a code in the tree can have.
+return value is error.
+*/
+static unsigned HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths(HuffmanTree* tree, const unsigned* bitlen,
+                                            size_t numcodes, unsigned maxbitlen) {
+  unsigned i;
+  tree->lengths = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(numcodes * sizeof(unsigned));
+  if(!tree->lengths) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  for(i = 0; i != numcodes; ++i) tree->lengths[i] = bitlen[i];
+  tree->numcodes = (unsigned)numcodes; /*number of symbols*/
+  tree->maxbitlen = maxbitlen;
+  return HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths2(tree);
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+
+/*BPM: Boundary Package Merge, see "A Fast and Space-Economical Algorithm for Length-Limited Coding",
+Jyrki Katajainen, Alistair Moffat, Andrew Turpin, 1995.*/
+
+/*chain node for boundary package merge*/
+typedef struct BPMNode {
+  int weight; /*the sum of all weights in this chain*/
+  unsigned index; /*index of this leaf node (called "count" in the paper)*/
+  struct BPMNode* tail; /*the next nodes in this chain (null if last)*/
+  int in_use;
+} BPMNode;
+
+/*lists of chains*/
+typedef struct BPMLists {
+  /*memory pool*/
+  unsigned memsize;
+  BPMNode* memory;
+  unsigned numfree;
+  unsigned nextfree;
+  BPMNode** freelist;
+  /*two heads of lookahead chains per list*/
+  unsigned listsize;
+  BPMNode** chains0;
+  BPMNode** chains1;
+} BPMLists;
+
+/*creates a new chain node with the given parameters, from the memory in the lists */
+static BPMNode* bpmnode_create(BPMLists* lists, int weight, unsigned index, BPMNode* tail) {
+  unsigned i;
+  BPMNode* result;
+
+  /*memory full, so garbage collect*/
+  if(lists->nextfree >= lists->numfree) {
+    /*mark only those that are in use*/
+    for(i = 0; i != lists->memsize; ++i) lists->memory[i].in_use = 0;
+    for(i = 0; i != lists->listsize; ++i) {
+      BPMNode* node;
+      for(node = lists->chains0[i]; node != 0; node = node->tail) node->in_use = 1;
+      for(node = lists->chains1[i]; node != 0; node = node->tail) node->in_use = 1;
+    }
+    /*collect those that are free*/
+    lists->numfree = 0;
+    for(i = 0; i != lists->memsize; ++i) {
+      if(!lists->memory[i].in_use) lists->freelist[lists->numfree++] = &lists->memory[i];
+    }
+    lists->nextfree = 0;
+  }
+
+  result = lists->freelist[lists->nextfree++];
+  result->weight = weight;
+  result->index = index;
+  result->tail = tail;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/*sort the leaves with stable mergesort*/
+static void bpmnode_sort(BPMNode* leaves, size_t num) {
+  BPMNode* mem = (BPMNode*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(*leaves) * num);
+  size_t width, counter = 0;
+  for(width = 1; width < num; width *= 2) {
+    BPMNode* a = (counter & 1) ? mem : leaves;
+    BPMNode* b = (counter & 1) ? leaves : mem;
+    size_t p;
+    for(p = 0; p < num; p += 2 * width) {
+      size_t q = (p + width > num) ? num : (p + width);
+      size_t r = (p + 2 * width > num) ? num : (p + 2 * width);
+      size_t i = p, j = q, k;
+      for(k = p; k < r; k++) {
+        if(i < q && (j >= r || a[i].weight <= a[j].weight)) b[k] = a[i++];
+        else b[k] = a[j++];
+      }
+    }
+    counter++;
+  }
+  if(counter & 1) lodepng_memcpy(leaves, mem, sizeof(*leaves) * num);
+  lodepng_free(mem);
+}
+
+/*Boundary Package Merge step, numpresent is the amount of leaves, and c is the current chain.*/
+static void boundaryPM(BPMLists* lists, BPMNode* leaves, size_t numpresent, int c, int num) {
+  unsigned lastindex = lists->chains1[c]->index;
+
+  if(c == 0) {
+    if(lastindex >= numpresent) return;
+    lists->chains0[c] = lists->chains1[c];
+    lists->chains1[c] = bpmnode_create(lists, leaves[lastindex].weight, lastindex + 1, 0);
+  } else {
+    /*sum of the weights of the head nodes of the previous lookahead chains.*/
+    int sum = lists->chains0[c - 1]->weight + lists->chains1[c - 1]->weight;
+    lists->chains0[c] = lists->chains1[c];
+    if(lastindex < numpresent && sum > leaves[lastindex].weight) {
+      lists->chains1[c] = bpmnode_create(lists, leaves[lastindex].weight, lastindex + 1, lists->chains1[c]->tail);
+      return;
+    }
+    lists->chains1[c] = bpmnode_create(lists, sum, lastindex, lists->chains1[c - 1]);
+    /*in the end we are only interested in the chain of the last list, so no
+    need to recurse if we're at the last one (this gives measurable speedup)*/
+    if(num + 1 < (int)(2 * numpresent - 2)) {
+      boundaryPM(lists, leaves, numpresent, c - 1, num);
+      boundaryPM(lists, leaves, numpresent, c - 1, num);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_huffman_code_lengths(unsigned* lengths, const unsigned* frequencies,
+                                      size_t numcodes, unsigned maxbitlen) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned i;
+  size_t numpresent = 0; /*number of symbols with non-zero frequency*/
+  BPMNode* leaves; /*the symbols, only those with > 0 frequency*/
+
+  if(numcodes == 0) return 80; /*error: a tree of 0 symbols is not supposed to be made*/
+  if((1u << maxbitlen) < (unsigned)numcodes) return 80; /*error: represent all symbols*/
+
+  leaves = (BPMNode*)lodepng_malloc(numcodes * sizeof(*leaves));
+  if(!leaves) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  for(i = 0; i != numcodes; ++i) {
+    if(frequencies[i] > 0) {
+      leaves[numpresent].weight = (int)frequencies[i];
+      leaves[numpresent].index = i;
+      ++numpresent;
+    }
+  }
+
+  lodepng_memset(lengths, 0, numcodes * sizeof(*lengths));
+
+  /*ensure at least two present symbols. There should be at least one symbol
+  according to RFC 1951 section 3.2.7. Some decoders incorrectly require two. To
+  make these work as well ensure there are at least two symbols. The
+  Package-Merge code below also doesn't work correctly if there's only one
+  symbol, it'd give it the theoretical 0 bits but in practice zlib wants 1 bit*/
+  if(numpresent == 0) {
+    lengths[0] = lengths[1] = 1; /*note that for RFC 1951 section 3.2.7, only lengths[0] = 1 is needed*/
+  } else if(numpresent == 1) {
+    lengths[leaves[0].index] = 1;
+    lengths[leaves[0].index == 0 ? 1 : 0] = 1;
+  } else {
+    BPMLists lists;
+    BPMNode* node;
+
+    bpmnode_sort(leaves, numpresent);
+
+    lists.listsize = maxbitlen;
+    lists.memsize = 2 * maxbitlen * (maxbitlen + 1);
+    lists.nextfree = 0;
+    lists.numfree = lists.memsize;
+    lists.memory = (BPMNode*)lodepng_malloc(lists.memsize * sizeof(*lists.memory));
+    lists.freelist = (BPMNode**)lodepng_malloc(lists.memsize * sizeof(BPMNode*));
+    lists.chains0 = (BPMNode**)lodepng_malloc(lists.listsize * sizeof(BPMNode*));
+    lists.chains1 = (BPMNode**)lodepng_malloc(lists.listsize * sizeof(BPMNode*));
+    if(!lists.memory || !lists.freelist || !lists.chains0 || !lists.chains1) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+    if(!error) {
+      for(i = 0; i != lists.memsize; ++i) lists.freelist[i] = &lists.memory[i];
+
+      bpmnode_create(&lists, leaves[0].weight, 1, 0);
+      bpmnode_create(&lists, leaves[1].weight, 2, 0);
+
+      for(i = 0; i != lists.listsize; ++i) {
+        lists.chains0[i] = &lists.memory[0];
+        lists.chains1[i] = &lists.memory[1];
+      }
+
+      /*each boundaryPM call adds one chain to the last list, and we need 2 * numpresent - 2 chains.*/
+      for(i = 2; i != 2 * numpresent - 2; ++i) boundaryPM(&lists, leaves, numpresent, (int)maxbitlen - 1, (int)i);
+
+      for(node = lists.chains1[maxbitlen - 1]; node; node = node->tail) {
+        for(i = 0; i != node->index; ++i) ++lengths[leaves[i].index];
+      }
+    }
+
+    lodepng_free(lists.memory);
+    lodepng_free(lists.freelist);
+    lodepng_free(lists.chains0);
+    lodepng_free(lists.chains1);
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(leaves);
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*Create the Huffman tree given the symbol frequencies*/
+static unsigned HuffmanTree_makeFromFrequencies(HuffmanTree* tree, const unsigned* frequencies,
+                                                size_t mincodes, size_t numcodes, unsigned maxbitlen) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  while(!frequencies[numcodes - 1] && numcodes > mincodes) --numcodes; /*trim zeroes*/
+  tree->lengths = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(numcodes * sizeof(unsigned));
+  if(!tree->lengths) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  tree->maxbitlen = maxbitlen;
+  tree->numcodes = (unsigned)numcodes; /*number of symbols*/
+
+  error = lodepng_huffman_code_lengths(tree->lengths, frequencies, numcodes, maxbitlen);
+  if(!error) error = HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths2(tree);
+  return error;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+/*get the literal and length code tree of a deflated block with fixed tree, as per the deflate specification*/
+static unsigned generateFixedLitLenTree(HuffmanTree* tree) {
+  unsigned i, error = 0;
+  unsigned* bitlen = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(NUM_DEFLATE_CODE_SYMBOLS * sizeof(unsigned));
+  if(!bitlen) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  /*288 possible codes: 0-255=literals, 256=endcode, 257-285=lengthcodes, 286-287=unused*/
+  for(i =   0; i <= 143; ++i) bitlen[i] = 8;
+  for(i = 144; i <= 255; ++i) bitlen[i] = 9;
+  for(i = 256; i <= 279; ++i) bitlen[i] = 7;
+  for(i = 280; i <= 287; ++i) bitlen[i] = 8;
+
+  error = HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths(tree, bitlen, NUM_DEFLATE_CODE_SYMBOLS, 15);
+
+  lodepng_free(bitlen);
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*get the distance code tree of a deflated block with fixed tree, as specified in the deflate specification*/
+static unsigned generateFixedDistanceTree(HuffmanTree* tree) {
+  unsigned i, error = 0;
+  unsigned* bitlen = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(NUM_DISTANCE_SYMBOLS * sizeof(unsigned));
+  if(!bitlen) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  /*there are 32 distance codes, but 30-31 are unused*/
+  for(i = 0; i != NUM_DISTANCE_SYMBOLS; ++i) bitlen[i] = 5;
+  error = HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths(tree, bitlen, NUM_DISTANCE_SYMBOLS, 15);
+
+  lodepng_free(bitlen);
+  return error;
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+
+/*
+returns the code. The bit reader must already have been ensured at least 15 bits
+*/
+static unsigned huffmanDecodeSymbol(LodePNGBitReader* reader, const HuffmanTree* codetree) {
+  unsigned short code = peekBits(reader, FIRSTBITS);
+  unsigned short l = codetree->table_len[code];
+  unsigned short value = codetree->table_value[code];
+  if(l <= FIRSTBITS) {
+    advanceBits(reader, l);
+    return value;
+  } else {
+    advanceBits(reader, FIRSTBITS);
+    value += peekBits(reader, l - FIRSTBITS);
+    advanceBits(reader, codetree->table_len[value] - FIRSTBITS);
+    return codetree->table_value[value];
+  }
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / Inflator (Decompressor)                                                / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/*get the tree of a deflated block with fixed tree, as specified in the deflate specification
+Returns error code.*/
+static unsigned getTreeInflateFixed(HuffmanTree* tree_ll, HuffmanTree* tree_d) {
+  unsigned error = generateFixedLitLenTree(tree_ll);
+  if(error) return error;
+  return generateFixedDistanceTree(tree_d);
+}
+
+/*get the tree of a deflated block with dynamic tree, the tree itself is also Huffman compressed with a known tree*/
+static unsigned getTreeInflateDynamic(HuffmanTree* tree_ll, HuffmanTree* tree_d,
+                                      LodePNGBitReader* reader) {
+  /*make sure that length values that aren't filled in will be 0, or a wrong tree will be generated*/
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned n, HLIT, HDIST, HCLEN, i;
+
+  /*see comments in deflateDynamic for explanation of the context and these variables, it is analogous*/
+  unsigned* bitlen_ll = 0; /*lit,len code lengths*/
+  unsigned* bitlen_d = 0; /*dist code lengths*/
+  /*code length code lengths ("clcl"), the bit lengths of the huffman tree used to compress bitlen_ll and bitlen_d*/
+  unsigned* bitlen_cl = 0;
+  HuffmanTree tree_cl; /*the code tree for code length codes (the huffman tree for compressed huffman trees)*/
+
+  if(reader->bitsize - reader->bp < 14) return 49; /*error: the bit pointer is or will go past the memory*/
+  ensureBits17(reader, 14);
+
+  /*number of literal/length codes + 257. Unlike the spec, the value 257 is added to it here already*/
+  HLIT =  readBits(reader, 5) + 257;
+  /*number of distance codes. Unlike the spec, the value 1 is added to it here already*/
+  HDIST = readBits(reader, 5) + 1;
+  /*number of code length codes. Unlike the spec, the value 4 is added to it here already*/
+  HCLEN = readBits(reader, 4) + 4;
+
+  bitlen_cl = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES * sizeof(unsigned));
+  if(!bitlen_cl) return 83 /*alloc fail*/;
+
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_cl);
+
+  while(!error) {
+    /*read the code length codes out of 3 * (amount of code length codes) bits*/
+    if(lodepng_gtofl(reader->bp, HCLEN * 3, reader->bitsize)) {
+      ERROR_BREAK(50); /*error: the bit pointer is or will go past the memory*/
+    }
+    for(i = 0; i != HCLEN; ++i) {
+      ensureBits9(reader, 3); /*out of bounds already checked above */
+      bitlen_cl[CLCL_ORDER[i]] = readBits(reader, 3);
+    }
+    for(i = HCLEN; i != NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES; ++i) {
+      bitlen_cl[CLCL_ORDER[i]] = 0;
+    }
+
+    error = HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths(&tree_cl, bitlen_cl, NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES, 7);
+    if(error) break;
+
+    /*now we can use this tree to read the lengths for the tree that this function will return*/
+    bitlen_ll = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(NUM_DEFLATE_CODE_SYMBOLS * sizeof(unsigned));
+    bitlen_d = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(NUM_DISTANCE_SYMBOLS * sizeof(unsigned));
+    if(!bitlen_ll || !bitlen_d) ERROR_BREAK(83 /*alloc fail*/);
+    lodepng_memset(bitlen_ll, 0, NUM_DEFLATE_CODE_SYMBOLS * sizeof(*bitlen_ll));
+    lodepng_memset(bitlen_d, 0, NUM_DISTANCE_SYMBOLS * sizeof(*bitlen_d));
+
+    /*i is the current symbol we're reading in the part that contains the code lengths of lit/len and dist codes*/
+    i = 0;
+    while(i < HLIT + HDIST) {
+      unsigned code;
+      ensureBits25(reader, 22); /* up to 15 bits for huffman code, up to 7 extra bits below*/
+      code = huffmanDecodeSymbol(reader, &tree_cl);
+      if(code <= 15) /*a length code*/ {
+        if(i < HLIT) bitlen_ll[i] = code;
+        else bitlen_d[i - HLIT] = code;
+        ++i;
+      } else if(code == 16) /*repeat previous*/ {
+        unsigned replength = 3; /*read in the 2 bits that indicate repeat length (3-6)*/
+        unsigned value; /*set value to the previous code*/
+
+        if(i == 0) ERROR_BREAK(54); /*can't repeat previous if i is 0*/
+
+        replength += readBits(reader, 2);
+
+        if(i < HLIT + 1) value = bitlen_ll[i - 1];
+        else value = bitlen_d[i - HLIT - 1];
+        /*repeat this value in the next lengths*/
+        for(n = 0; n < replength; ++n) {
+          if(i >= HLIT + HDIST) ERROR_BREAK(13); /*error: i is larger than the amount of codes*/
+          if(i < HLIT) bitlen_ll[i] = value;
+          else bitlen_d[i - HLIT] = value;
+          ++i;
+        }
+      } else if(code == 17) /*repeat "0" 3-10 times*/ {
+        unsigned replength = 3; /*read in the bits that indicate repeat length*/
+        replength += readBits(reader, 3);
+
+        /*repeat this value in the next lengths*/
+        for(n = 0; n < replength; ++n) {
+          if(i >= HLIT + HDIST) ERROR_BREAK(14); /*error: i is larger than the amount of codes*/
+
+          if(i < HLIT) bitlen_ll[i] = 0;
+          else bitlen_d[i - HLIT] = 0;
+          ++i;
+        }
+      } else if(code == 18) /*repeat "0" 11-138 times*/ {
+        unsigned replength = 11; /*read in the bits that indicate repeat length*/
+        replength += readBits(reader, 7);
+
+        /*repeat this value in the next lengths*/
+        for(n = 0; n < replength; ++n) {
+          if(i >= HLIT + HDIST) ERROR_BREAK(15); /*error: i is larger than the amount of codes*/
+
+          if(i < HLIT) bitlen_ll[i] = 0;
+          else bitlen_d[i - HLIT] = 0;
+          ++i;
+        }
+      } else /*if(code == INVALIDSYMBOL)*/ {
+        ERROR_BREAK(16); /*error: tried to read disallowed huffman symbol*/
+      }
+      /*check if any of the ensureBits above went out of bounds*/
+      if(reader->bp > reader->bitsize) {
+        /*return error code 10 or 11 depending on the situation that happened in huffmanDecodeSymbol
+        (10=no endcode, 11=wrong jump outside of tree)*/
+        /* TODO: revise error codes 10,11,50: the above comment is no longer valid */
+        ERROR_BREAK(50); /*error, bit pointer jumps past memory*/
+      }
+    }
+    if(error) break;
+
+    if(bitlen_ll[256] == 0) ERROR_BREAK(64); /*the length of the end code 256 must be larger than 0*/
+
+    /*now we've finally got HLIT and HDIST, so generate the code trees, and the function is done*/
+    error = HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths(tree_ll, bitlen_ll, NUM_DEFLATE_CODE_SYMBOLS, 15);
+    if(error) break;
+    error = HuffmanTree_makeFromLengths(tree_d, bitlen_d, NUM_DISTANCE_SYMBOLS, 15);
+
+    break; /*end of error-while*/
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(bitlen_cl);
+  lodepng_free(bitlen_ll);
+  lodepng_free(bitlen_d);
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_cl);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*inflate a block with dynamic of fixed Huffman tree. btype must be 1 or 2.*/
+static unsigned inflateHuffmanBlock(ucvector* out, LodePNGBitReader* reader,
+                                    unsigned btype, size_t max_output_size) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  HuffmanTree tree_ll; /*the huffman tree for literal and length codes*/
+  HuffmanTree tree_d; /*the huffman tree for distance codes*/
+  const size_t reserved_size = 260; /* must be at least 258 for max length, and a few extra for adding a few extra literals */
+  int done = 0;
+
+  if(!ucvector_reserve(out, out->size + reserved_size)) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_ll);
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_d);
+
+  if(btype == 1) error = getTreeInflateFixed(&tree_ll, &tree_d);
+  else /*if(btype == 2)*/ error = getTreeInflateDynamic(&tree_ll, &tree_d, reader);
+
+
+  while(!error && !done) /*decode all symbols until end reached, breaks at end code*/ {
+    /*code_ll is literal, length or end code*/
+    unsigned code_ll;
+    /* ensure enough bits for 2 huffman code reads (15 bits each): if the first is a literal, a second literal is read at once. This
+    appears to be slightly faster, than ensuring 20 bits here for 1 huffman symbol and the potential 5 extra bits for the length symbol.*/
+    ensureBits32(reader, 30);
+    code_ll = huffmanDecodeSymbol(reader, &tree_ll);
+    if(code_ll <= 255) {
+      /*slightly faster code path if multiple literals in a row*/
+      out->data[out->size++] = (unsigned char)code_ll;
+      code_ll = huffmanDecodeSymbol(reader, &tree_ll);
+    }
+    if(code_ll <= 255) /*literal symbol*/ {
+      out->data[out->size++] = (unsigned char)code_ll;
+    } else if(code_ll >= FIRST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX && code_ll <= LAST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX) /*length code*/ {
+      unsigned code_d, distance;
+      unsigned numextrabits_l, numextrabits_d; /*extra bits for length and distance*/
+      size_t start, backward, length;
+
+      /*part 1: get length base*/
+      length = LENGTHBASE[code_ll - FIRST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX];
+
+      /*part 2: get extra bits and add the value of that to length*/
+      numextrabits_l = LENGTHEXTRA[code_ll - FIRST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX];
+      if(numextrabits_l != 0) {
+        /* bits already ensured above */
+        ensureBits25(reader, 5);
+        length += readBits(reader, numextrabits_l);
+      }
+
+      /*part 3: get distance code*/
+      ensureBits32(reader, 28); /* up to 15 for the huffman symbol, up to 13 for the extra bits */
+      code_d = huffmanDecodeSymbol(reader, &tree_d);
+      if(code_d > 29) {
+        if(code_d <= 31) {
+          ERROR_BREAK(18); /*error: invalid distance code (30-31 are never used)*/
+        } else /* if(code_d == INVALIDSYMBOL) */{
+          ERROR_BREAK(16); /*error: tried to read disallowed huffman symbol*/
+        }
+      }
+      distance = DISTANCEBASE[code_d];
+
+      /*part 4: get extra bits from distance*/
+      numextrabits_d = DISTANCEEXTRA[code_d];
+      if(numextrabits_d != 0) {
+        /* bits already ensured above */
+        distance += readBits(reader, numextrabits_d);
+      }
+
+      /*part 5: fill in all the out[n] values based on the length and dist*/
+      start = out->size;
+      if(distance > start) ERROR_BREAK(52); /*too long backward distance*/
+      backward = start - distance;
+
+      out->size += length;
+      if(distance < length) {
+        size_t forward;
+        lodepng_memcpy(out->data + start, out->data + backward, distance);
+        start += distance;
+        for(forward = distance; forward < length; ++forward) {
+          out->data[start++] = out->data[backward++];
+        }
+      } else {
+        lodepng_memcpy(out->data + start, out->data + backward, length);
+      }
+    } else if(code_ll == 256) {
+      done = 1; /*end code, finish the loop*/
+    } else /*if(code_ll == INVALIDSYMBOL)*/ {
+      ERROR_BREAK(16); /*error: tried to read disallowed huffman symbol*/
+    }
+    if(out->allocsize - out->size < reserved_size) {
+      if(!ucvector_reserve(out, out->size + reserved_size)) ERROR_BREAK(83); /*alloc fail*/
+    }
+    /*check if any of the ensureBits above went out of bounds*/
+    if(reader->bp > reader->bitsize) {
+      /*return error code 10 or 11 depending on the situation that happened in huffmanDecodeSymbol
+      (10=no endcode, 11=wrong jump outside of tree)*/
+      /* TODO: revise error codes 10,11,50: the above comment is no longer valid */
+      ERROR_BREAK(51); /*error, bit pointer jumps past memory*/
+    }
+    if(max_output_size && out->size > max_output_size) {
+      ERROR_BREAK(109); /*error, larger than max size*/
+    }
+  }
+
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_ll);
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_d);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned inflateNoCompression(ucvector* out, LodePNGBitReader* reader,
+                                     const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  size_t bytepos;
+  size_t size = reader->size;
+  unsigned LEN, NLEN, error = 0;
+
+  /*go to first boundary of byte*/
+  bytepos = (reader->bp + 7u) >> 3u;
+
+  /*read LEN (2 bytes) and NLEN (2 bytes)*/
+  if(bytepos + 4 >= size) return 52; /*error, bit pointer will jump past memory*/
+  LEN = (unsigned)reader->data[bytepos] + ((unsigned)reader->data[bytepos + 1] << 8u); bytepos += 2;
+  NLEN = (unsigned)reader->data[bytepos] + ((unsigned)reader->data[bytepos + 1] << 8u); bytepos += 2;
+
+  /*check if 16-bit NLEN is really the one's complement of LEN*/
+  if(!settings->ignore_nlen && LEN + NLEN != 65535) {
+    return 21; /*error: NLEN is not one's complement of LEN*/
+  }
+
+  if(!ucvector_resize(out, out->size + LEN)) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  /*read the literal data: LEN bytes are now stored in the out buffer*/
+  if(bytepos + LEN > size) return 23; /*error: reading outside of in buffer*/
+
+  lodepng_memcpy(out->data + out->size - LEN, reader->data + bytepos, LEN);
+  bytepos += LEN;
+
+  reader->bp = bytepos << 3u;
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned lodepng_inflatev(ucvector* out,
+                                 const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                                 const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  unsigned BFINAL = 0;
+  LodePNGBitReader reader;
+  unsigned error = LodePNGBitReader_init(&reader, in, insize);
+
+  if(error) return error;
+
+  while(!BFINAL) {
+    unsigned BTYPE;
+    if(reader.bitsize - reader.bp < 3) return 52; /*error, bit pointer will jump past memory*/
+    ensureBits9(&reader, 3);
+    BFINAL = readBits(&reader, 1);
+    BTYPE = readBits(&reader, 2);
+
+    if(BTYPE == 3) return 20; /*error: invalid BTYPE*/
+    else if(BTYPE == 0) error = inflateNoCompression(out, &reader, settings); /*no compression*/
+    else error = inflateHuffmanBlock(out, &reader, BTYPE, settings->max_output_size); /*compression, BTYPE 01 or 10*/
+    if(!error && settings->max_output_size && out->size > settings->max_output_size) error = 109;
+    if(error) break;
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_inflate(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                         const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                         const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  ucvector v = ucvector_init(*out, *outsize);
+  unsigned error = lodepng_inflatev(&v, in, insize, settings);
+  *out = v.data;
+  *outsize = v.size;
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned inflatev(ucvector* out, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                        const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  if(settings->custom_inflate) {
+    unsigned error = settings->custom_inflate(&out->data, &out->size, in, insize, settings);
+    out->allocsize = out->size;
+    if(error) {
+      /*the custom inflate is allowed to have its own error codes, however, we translate it to code 110*/
+      error = 110;
+      /*if there's a max output size, and the custom zlib returned error, then indicate that error instead*/
+      if(settings->max_output_size && out->size > settings->max_output_size) error = 109;
+    }
+    return error;
+  } else {
+    return lodepng_inflatev(out, in, insize, settings);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / Deflator (Compressor)                                                  / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+static const size_t MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH = 258;
+
+/*search the index in the array, that has the largest value smaller than or equal to the given value,
+given array must be sorted (if no value is smaller, it returns the size of the given array)*/
+static size_t searchCodeIndex(const unsigned* array, size_t array_size, size_t value) {
+  /*binary search (only small gain over linear). TODO: use CPU log2 instruction for getting symbols instead*/
+  size_t left = 1;
+  size_t right = array_size - 1;
+
+  while(left <= right) {
+    size_t mid = (left + right) >> 1;
+    if(array[mid] >= value) right = mid - 1;
+    else left = mid + 1;
+  }
+  if(left >= array_size || array[left] > value) left--;
+  return left;
+}
+
+static void addLengthDistance(uivector* values, size_t length, size_t distance) {
+  /*values in encoded vector are those used by deflate:
+  0-255: literal bytes
+  256: end
+  257-285: length/distance pair (length code, followed by extra length bits, distance code, extra distance bits)
+  286-287: invalid*/
+
+  unsigned length_code = (unsigned)searchCodeIndex(LENGTHBASE, 29, length);
+  unsigned extra_length = (unsigned)(length - LENGTHBASE[length_code]);
+  unsigned dist_code = (unsigned)searchCodeIndex(DISTANCEBASE, 30, distance);
+  unsigned extra_distance = (unsigned)(distance - DISTANCEBASE[dist_code]);
+
+  size_t pos = values->size;
+  /*TODO: return error when this fails (out of memory)*/
+  unsigned ok = uivector_resize(values, values->size + 4);
+  if(ok) {
+    values->data[pos + 0] = length_code + FIRST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX;
+    values->data[pos + 1] = extra_length;
+    values->data[pos + 2] = dist_code;
+    values->data[pos + 3] = extra_distance;
+  }
+}
+
+/*3 bytes of data get encoded into two bytes. The hash cannot use more than 3
+bytes as input because 3 is the minimum match length for deflate*/
+static const unsigned HASH_NUM_VALUES = 65536;
+static const unsigned HASH_BIT_MASK = 65535; /*HASH_NUM_VALUES - 1, but C90 does not like that as initializer*/
+
+typedef struct Hash {
+  int* head; /*hash value to head circular pos - can be outdated if went around window*/
+  /*circular pos to prev circular pos*/
+  unsigned short* chain;
+  int* val; /*circular pos to hash value*/
+
+  /*TODO: do this not only for zeros but for any repeated byte. However for PNG
+  it's always going to be the zeros that dominate, so not important for PNG*/
+  int* headz; /*similar to head, but for chainz*/
+  unsigned short* chainz; /*those with same amount of zeros*/
+  unsigned short* zeros; /*length of zeros streak, used as a second hash chain*/
+} Hash;
+
+static unsigned hash_init(Hash* hash, unsigned windowsize) {
+  unsigned i;
+  hash->head = (int*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(int) * HASH_NUM_VALUES);
+  hash->val = (int*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(int) * windowsize);
+  hash->chain = (unsigned short*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(unsigned short) * windowsize);
+
+  hash->zeros = (unsigned short*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(unsigned short) * windowsize);
+  hash->headz = (int*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(int) * (MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH + 1));
+  hash->chainz = (unsigned short*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(unsigned short) * windowsize);
+
+  if(!hash->head || !hash->chain || !hash->val  || !hash->headz|| !hash->chainz || !hash->zeros) {
+    return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  }
+
+  /*initialize hash table*/
+  for(i = 0; i != HASH_NUM_VALUES; ++i) hash->head[i] = -1;
+  for(i = 0; i != windowsize; ++i) hash->val[i] = -1;
+  for(i = 0; i != windowsize; ++i) hash->chain[i] = i; /*same value as index indicates uninitialized*/
+
+  for(i = 0; i <= MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH; ++i) hash->headz[i] = -1;
+  for(i = 0; i != windowsize; ++i) hash->chainz[i] = i; /*same value as index indicates uninitialized*/
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static void hash_cleanup(Hash* hash) {
+  lodepng_free(hash->head);
+  lodepng_free(hash->val);
+  lodepng_free(hash->chain);
+
+  lodepng_free(hash->zeros);
+  lodepng_free(hash->headz);
+  lodepng_free(hash->chainz);
+}
+
+
+
+static unsigned getHash(const unsigned char* data, size_t size, size_t pos) {
+  unsigned result = 0;
+  if(pos + 2 < size) {
+    /*A simple shift and xor hash is used. Since the data of PNGs is dominated
+    by zeroes due to the filters, a better hash does not have a significant
+    effect on speed in traversing the chain, and causes more time spend on
+    calculating the hash.*/
+    result ^= ((unsigned)data[pos + 0] << 0u);
+    result ^= ((unsigned)data[pos + 1] << 4u);
+    result ^= ((unsigned)data[pos + 2] << 8u);
+  } else {
+    size_t amount, i;
+    if(pos >= size) return 0;
+    amount = size - pos;
+    for(i = 0; i != amount; ++i) result ^= ((unsigned)data[pos + i] << (i * 8u));
+  }
+  return result & HASH_BIT_MASK;
+}
+
+static unsigned countZeros(const unsigned char* data, size_t size, size_t pos) {
+  const unsigned char* start = data + pos;
+  const unsigned char* end = start + MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH;
+  if(end > data + size) end = data + size;
+  data = start;
+  while(data != end && *data == 0) ++data;
+  /*subtracting two addresses returned as 32-bit number (max value is MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH)*/
+  return (unsigned)(data - start);
+}
+
+/*wpos = pos & (windowsize - 1)*/
+static void updateHashChain(Hash* hash, size_t wpos, unsigned hashval, unsigned short numzeros) {
+  hash->val[wpos] = (int)hashval;
+  if(hash->head[hashval] != -1) hash->chain[wpos] = hash->head[hashval];
+  hash->head[hashval] = (int)wpos;
+
+  hash->zeros[wpos] = numzeros;
+  if(hash->headz[numzeros] != -1) hash->chainz[wpos] = hash->headz[numzeros];
+  hash->headz[numzeros] = (int)wpos;
+}
+
+/*
+LZ77-encode the data. Return value is error code. The input are raw bytes, the output
+is in the form of unsigned integers with codes representing for example literal bytes, or
+length/distance pairs.
+It uses a hash table technique to let it encode faster. When doing LZ77 encoding, a
+sliding window (of windowsize) is used, and all past bytes in that window can be used as
+the "dictionary". A brute force search through all possible distances would be slow, and
+this hash technique is one out of several ways to speed this up.
+*/
+static unsigned encodeLZ77(uivector* out, Hash* hash,
+                           const unsigned char* in, size_t inpos, size_t insize, unsigned windowsize,
+                           unsigned minmatch, unsigned nicematch, unsigned lazymatching) {
+  size_t pos;
+  unsigned i, error = 0;
+  /*for large window lengths, assume the user wants no compression loss. Otherwise, max hash chain length speedup.*/
+  unsigned maxchainlength = windowsize >= 8192 ? windowsize : windowsize / 8u;
+  unsigned maxlazymatch = windowsize >= 8192 ? MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH : 64;
+
+  unsigned usezeros = 1; /*not sure if setting it to false for windowsize < 8192 is better or worse*/
+  unsigned numzeros = 0;
+
+  unsigned offset; /*the offset represents the distance in LZ77 terminology*/
+  unsigned length;
+  unsigned lazy = 0;
+  unsigned lazylength = 0, lazyoffset = 0;
+  unsigned hashval;
+  unsigned current_offset, current_length;
+  unsigned prev_offset;
+  const unsigned char *lastptr, *foreptr, *backptr;
+  unsigned hashpos;
+
+  if(windowsize == 0 || windowsize > 32768) return 60; /*error: windowsize smaller/larger than allowed*/
+  if((windowsize & (windowsize - 1)) != 0) return 90; /*error: must be power of two*/
+
+  if(nicematch > MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH) nicematch = MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH;
+
+  for(pos = inpos; pos < insize; ++pos) {
+    size_t wpos = pos & (windowsize - 1); /*position for in 'circular' hash buffers*/
+    unsigned chainlength = 0;
+
+    hashval = getHash(in, insize, pos);
+
+    if(usezeros && hashval == 0) {
+      if(numzeros == 0) numzeros = countZeros(in, insize, pos);
+      else if(pos + numzeros > insize || in[pos + numzeros - 1] != 0) --numzeros;
+    } else {
+      numzeros = 0;
+    }
+
+    updateHashChain(hash, wpos, hashval, numzeros);
+
+    /*the length and offset found for the current position*/
+    length = 0;
+    offset = 0;
+
+    hashpos = hash->chain[wpos];
+
+    lastptr = &in[insize < pos + MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH ? insize : pos + MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH];
+
+    /*search for the longest string*/
+    prev_offset = 0;
+    for(;;) {
+      if(chainlength++ >= maxchainlength) break;
+      current_offset = (unsigned)(hashpos <= wpos ? wpos - hashpos : wpos - hashpos + windowsize);
+
+      if(current_offset < prev_offset) break; /*stop when went completely around the circular buffer*/
+      prev_offset = current_offset;
+      if(current_offset > 0) {
+        /*test the next characters*/
+        foreptr = &in[pos];
+        backptr = &in[pos - current_offset];
+
+        /*common case in PNGs is lots of zeros. Quickly skip over them as a speedup*/
+        if(numzeros >= 3) {
+          unsigned skip = hash->zeros[hashpos];
+          if(skip > numzeros) skip = numzeros;
+          backptr += skip;
+          foreptr += skip;
+        }
+
+        while(foreptr != lastptr && *backptr == *foreptr) /*maximum supported length by deflate is max length*/ {
+          ++backptr;
+          ++foreptr;
+        }
+        current_length = (unsigned)(foreptr - &in[pos]);
+
+        if(current_length > length) {
+          length = current_length; /*the longest length*/
+          offset = current_offset; /*the offset that is related to this longest length*/
+          /*jump out once a length of max length is found (speed gain). This also jumps
+          out if length is MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH*/
+          if(current_length >= nicematch) break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(hashpos == hash->chain[hashpos]) break;
+
+      if(numzeros >= 3 && length > numzeros) {
+        hashpos = hash->chainz[hashpos];
+        if(hash->zeros[hashpos] != numzeros) break;
+      } else {
+        hashpos = hash->chain[hashpos];
+        /*outdated hash value, happens if particular value was not encountered in whole last window*/
+        if(hash->val[hashpos] != (int)hashval) break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if(lazymatching) {
+      if(!lazy && length >= 3 && length <= maxlazymatch && length < MAX_SUPPORTED_DEFLATE_LENGTH) {
+        lazy = 1;
+        lazylength = length;
+        lazyoffset = offset;
+        continue; /*try the next byte*/
+      }
+      if(lazy) {
+        lazy = 0;
+        if(pos == 0) ERROR_BREAK(81);
+        if(length > lazylength + 1) {
+          /*push the previous character as literal*/
+          if(!uivector_push_back(out, in[pos - 1])) ERROR_BREAK(83 /*alloc fail*/);
+        } else {
+          length = lazylength;
+          offset = lazyoffset;
+          hash->head[hashval] = -1; /*the same hashchain update will be done, this ensures no wrong alteration*/
+          hash->headz[numzeros] = -1; /*idem*/
+          --pos;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if(length >= 3 && offset > windowsize) ERROR_BREAK(86 /*too big (or overflown negative) offset*/);
+
+    /*encode it as length/distance pair or literal value*/
+    if(length < 3) /*only lengths of 3 or higher are supported as length/distance pair*/ {
+      if(!uivector_push_back(out, in[pos])) ERROR_BREAK(83 /*alloc fail*/);
+    } else if(length < minmatch || (length == 3 && offset > 4096)) {
+      /*compensate for the fact that longer offsets have more extra bits, a
+      length of only 3 may be not worth it then*/
+      if(!uivector_push_back(out, in[pos])) ERROR_BREAK(83 /*alloc fail*/);
+    } else {
+      addLengthDistance(out, length, offset);
+      for(i = 1; i < length; ++i) {
+        ++pos;
+        wpos = pos & (windowsize - 1);
+        hashval = getHash(in, insize, pos);
+        if(usezeros && hashval == 0) {
+          if(numzeros == 0) numzeros = countZeros(in, insize, pos);
+          else if(pos + numzeros > insize || in[pos + numzeros - 1] != 0) --numzeros;
+        } else {
+          numzeros = 0;
+        }
+        updateHashChain(hash, wpos, hashval, numzeros);
+      }
+    }
+  } /*end of the loop through each character of input*/
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/* /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+static unsigned deflateNoCompression(ucvector* out, const unsigned char* data, size_t datasize) {
+  /*non compressed deflate block data: 1 bit BFINAL,2 bits BTYPE,(5 bits): it jumps to start of next byte,
+  2 bytes LEN, 2 bytes NLEN, LEN bytes literal DATA*/
+
+  size_t i, numdeflateblocks = (datasize + 65534u) / 65535u;
+  unsigned datapos = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != numdeflateblocks; ++i) {
+    unsigned BFINAL, BTYPE, LEN, NLEN;
+    unsigned char firstbyte;
+    size_t pos = out->size;
+
+    BFINAL = (i == numdeflateblocks - 1);
+    BTYPE = 0;
+
+    LEN = 65535;
+    if(datasize - datapos < 65535u) LEN = (unsigned)datasize - datapos;
+    NLEN = 65535 - LEN;
+
+    if(!ucvector_resize(out, out->size + LEN + 5)) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+    firstbyte = (unsigned char)(BFINAL + ((BTYPE & 1u) << 1u) + ((BTYPE & 2u) << 1u));
+    out->data[pos + 0] = firstbyte;
+    out->data[pos + 1] = (unsigned char)(LEN & 255);
+    out->data[pos + 2] = (unsigned char)(LEN >> 8u);
+    out->data[pos + 3] = (unsigned char)(NLEN & 255);
+    out->data[pos + 4] = (unsigned char)(NLEN >> 8u);
+    lodepng_memcpy(out->data + pos + 5, data + datapos, LEN);
+    datapos += LEN;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+write the lz77-encoded data, which has lit, len and dist codes, to compressed stream using huffman trees.
+tree_ll: the tree for lit and len codes.
+tree_d: the tree for distance codes.
+*/
+static void writeLZ77data(LodePNGBitWriter* writer, const uivector* lz77_encoded,
+                          const HuffmanTree* tree_ll, const HuffmanTree* tree_d) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != lz77_encoded->size; ++i) {
+    unsigned val = lz77_encoded->data[i];
+    writeBitsReversed(writer, tree_ll->codes[val], tree_ll->lengths[val]);
+    if(val > 256) /*for a length code, 3 more things have to be added*/ {
+      unsigned length_index = val - FIRST_LENGTH_CODE_INDEX;
+      unsigned n_length_extra_bits = LENGTHEXTRA[length_index];
+      unsigned length_extra_bits = lz77_encoded->data[++i];
+
+      unsigned distance_code = lz77_encoded->data[++i];
+
+      unsigned distance_index = distance_code;
+      unsigned n_distance_extra_bits = DISTANCEEXTRA[distance_index];
+      unsigned distance_extra_bits = lz77_encoded->data[++i];
+
+      writeBits(writer, length_extra_bits, n_length_extra_bits);
+      writeBitsReversed(writer, tree_d->codes[distance_code], tree_d->lengths[distance_code]);
+      writeBits(writer, distance_extra_bits, n_distance_extra_bits);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*Deflate for a block of type "dynamic", that is, with freely, optimally, created huffman trees*/
+static unsigned deflateDynamic(LodePNGBitWriter* writer, Hash* hash,
+                               const unsigned char* data, size_t datapos, size_t dataend,
+                               const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings, unsigned final) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+
+  /*
+  A block is compressed as follows: The PNG data is lz77 encoded, resulting in
+  literal bytes and length/distance pairs. This is then huffman compressed with
+  two huffman trees. One huffman tree is used for the lit and len values ("ll"),
+  another huffman tree is used for the dist values ("d"). These two trees are
+  stored using their code lengths, and to compress even more these code lengths
+  are also run-length encoded and huffman compressed. This gives a huffman tree
+  of code lengths "cl". The code lengths used to describe this third tree are
+  the code length code lengths ("clcl").
+  */
+
+  /*The lz77 encoded data, represented with integers since there will also be length and distance codes in it*/
+  uivector lz77_encoded;
+  HuffmanTree tree_ll; /*tree for lit,len values*/
+  HuffmanTree tree_d; /*tree for distance codes*/
+  HuffmanTree tree_cl; /*tree for encoding the code lengths representing tree_ll and tree_d*/
+  unsigned* frequencies_ll = 0; /*frequency of lit,len codes*/
+  unsigned* frequencies_d = 0; /*frequency of dist codes*/
+  unsigned* frequencies_cl = 0; /*frequency of code length codes*/
+  unsigned* bitlen_lld = 0; /*lit,len,dist code lengths (int bits), literally (without repeat codes).*/
+  unsigned* bitlen_lld_e = 0; /*bitlen_lld encoded with repeat codes (this is a rudimentary run length compression)*/
+  size_t datasize = dataend - datapos;
+
+  /*
+  If we could call "bitlen_cl" the the code length code lengths ("clcl"), that is the bit lengths of codes to represent
+  tree_cl in CLCL_ORDER, then due to the huffman compression of huffman tree representations ("two levels"), there are
+  some analogies:
+  bitlen_lld is to tree_cl what data is to tree_ll and tree_d.
+  bitlen_lld_e is to bitlen_lld what lz77_encoded is to data.
+  bitlen_cl is to bitlen_lld_e what bitlen_lld is to lz77_encoded.
+  */
+
+  unsigned BFINAL = final;
+  size_t i;
+  size_t numcodes_ll, numcodes_d, numcodes_lld, numcodes_lld_e, numcodes_cl;
+  unsigned HLIT, HDIST, HCLEN;
+
+  uivector_init(&lz77_encoded);
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_ll);
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_d);
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_cl);
+  /* could fit on stack, but >1KB is on the larger side so allocate instead */
+  frequencies_ll = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(286 * sizeof(*frequencies_ll));
+  frequencies_d = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(30 * sizeof(*frequencies_d));
+  frequencies_cl = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES * sizeof(*frequencies_cl));
+
+  if(!frequencies_ll || !frequencies_d || !frequencies_cl) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  /*This while loop never loops due to a break at the end, it is here to
+  allow breaking out of it to the cleanup phase on error conditions.*/
+  while(!error) {
+    lodepng_memset(frequencies_ll, 0, 286 * sizeof(*frequencies_ll));
+    lodepng_memset(frequencies_d, 0, 30 * sizeof(*frequencies_d));
+    lodepng_memset(frequencies_cl, 0, NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES * sizeof(*frequencies_cl));
+
+    if(settings->use_lz77) {
+      error = encodeLZ77(&lz77_encoded, hash, data, datapos, dataend, settings->windowsize,
+                         settings->minmatch, settings->nicematch, settings->lazymatching);
+      if(error) break;
+    } else {
+      if(!uivector_resize(&lz77_encoded, datasize)) ERROR_BREAK(83 /*alloc fail*/);
+      for(i = datapos; i < dataend; ++i) lz77_encoded.data[i - datapos] = data[i]; /*no LZ77, but still will be Huffman compressed*/
+    }
+
+    /*Count the frequencies of lit, len and dist codes*/
+    for(i = 0; i != lz77_encoded.size; ++i) {
+      unsigned symbol = lz77_encoded.data[i];
+      ++frequencies_ll[symbol];
+      if(symbol > 256) {
+        unsigned dist = lz77_encoded.data[i + 2];
+        ++frequencies_d[dist];
+        i += 3;
+      }
+    }
+    frequencies_ll[256] = 1; /*there will be exactly 1 end code, at the end of the block*/
+
+    /*Make both huffman trees, one for the lit and len codes, one for the dist codes*/
+    error = HuffmanTree_makeFromFrequencies(&tree_ll, frequencies_ll, 257, 286, 15);
+    if(error) break;
+    /*2, not 1, is chosen for mincodes: some buggy PNG decoders require at least 2 symbols in the dist tree*/
+    error = HuffmanTree_makeFromFrequencies(&tree_d, frequencies_d, 2, 30, 15);
+    if(error) break;
+
+    numcodes_ll = LODEPNG_MIN(tree_ll.numcodes, 286);
+    numcodes_d = LODEPNG_MIN(tree_d.numcodes, 30);
+    /*store the code lengths of both generated trees in bitlen_lld*/
+    numcodes_lld = numcodes_ll + numcodes_d;
+    bitlen_lld = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(numcodes_lld * sizeof(*bitlen_lld));
+    /*numcodes_lld_e never needs more size than bitlen_lld*/
+    bitlen_lld_e = (unsigned*)lodepng_malloc(numcodes_lld * sizeof(*bitlen_lld_e));
+    if(!bitlen_lld || !bitlen_lld_e) ERROR_BREAK(83); /*alloc fail*/
+    numcodes_lld_e = 0;
+
+    for(i = 0; i != numcodes_ll; ++i) bitlen_lld[i] = tree_ll.lengths[i];
+    for(i = 0; i != numcodes_d; ++i) bitlen_lld[numcodes_ll + i] = tree_d.lengths[i];
+
+    /*run-length compress bitlen_ldd into bitlen_lld_e by using repeat codes 16 (copy length 3-6 times),
+    17 (3-10 zeroes), 18 (11-138 zeroes)*/
+    for(i = 0; i != numcodes_lld; ++i) {
+      unsigned j = 0; /*amount of repetitions*/
+      while(i + j + 1 < numcodes_lld && bitlen_lld[i + j + 1] == bitlen_lld[i]) ++j;
+
+      if(bitlen_lld[i] == 0 && j >= 2) /*repeat code for zeroes*/ {
+        ++j; /*include the first zero*/
+        if(j <= 10) /*repeat code 17 supports max 10 zeroes*/ {
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = 17;
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = j - 3;
+        } else /*repeat code 18 supports max 138 zeroes*/ {
+          if(j > 138) j = 138;
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = 18;
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = j - 11;
+        }
+        i += (j - 1);
+      } else if(j >= 3) /*repeat code for value other than zero*/ {
+        size_t k;
+        unsigned num = j / 6u, rest = j % 6u;
+        bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = bitlen_lld[i];
+        for(k = 0; k < num; ++k) {
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = 16;
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = 6 - 3;
+        }
+        if(rest >= 3) {
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = 16;
+          bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = rest - 3;
+        }
+        else j -= rest;
+        i += j;
+      } else /*too short to benefit from repeat code*/ {
+        bitlen_lld_e[numcodes_lld_e++] = bitlen_lld[i];
+      }
+    }
+
+    /*generate tree_cl, the huffmantree of huffmantrees*/
+    for(i = 0; i != numcodes_lld_e; ++i) {
+      ++frequencies_cl[bitlen_lld_e[i]];
+      /*after a repeat code come the bits that specify the number of repetitions,
+      those don't need to be in the frequencies_cl calculation*/
+      if(bitlen_lld_e[i] >= 16) ++i;
+    }
+
+    error = HuffmanTree_makeFromFrequencies(&tree_cl, frequencies_cl,
+                                            NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES, NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES, 7);
+    if(error) break;
+
+    /*compute amount of code-length-code-lengths to output*/
+    numcodes_cl = NUM_CODE_LENGTH_CODES;
+    /*trim zeros at the end (using CLCL_ORDER), but minimum size must be 4 (see HCLEN below)*/
+    while(numcodes_cl > 4u && tree_cl.lengths[CLCL_ORDER[numcodes_cl - 1u]] == 0) {
+      numcodes_cl--;
+    }
+
+    /*
+    Write everything into the output
+
+    After the BFINAL and BTYPE, the dynamic block consists out of the following:
+    - 5 bits HLIT, 5 bits HDIST, 4 bits HCLEN
+    - (HCLEN+4)*3 bits code lengths of code length alphabet
+    - HLIT + 257 code lengths of lit/length alphabet (encoded using the code length
+      alphabet, + possible repetition codes 16, 17, 18)
+    - HDIST + 1 code lengths of distance alphabet (encoded using the code length
+      alphabet, + possible repetition codes 16, 17, 18)
+    - compressed data
+    - 256 (end code)
+    */
+
+    /*Write block type*/
+    writeBits(writer, BFINAL, 1);
+    writeBits(writer, 0, 1); /*first bit of BTYPE "dynamic"*/
+    writeBits(writer, 1, 1); /*second bit of BTYPE "dynamic"*/
+
+    /*write the HLIT, HDIST and HCLEN values*/
+    /*all three sizes take trimmed ending zeroes into account, done either by HuffmanTree_makeFromFrequencies
+    or in the loop for numcodes_cl above, which saves space. */
+    HLIT = (unsigned)(numcodes_ll - 257);
+    HDIST = (unsigned)(numcodes_d - 1);
+    HCLEN = (unsigned)(numcodes_cl - 4);
+    writeBits(writer, HLIT, 5);
+    writeBits(writer, HDIST, 5);
+    writeBits(writer, HCLEN, 4);
+
+    /*write the code lengths of the code length alphabet ("bitlen_cl")*/
+    for(i = 0; i != numcodes_cl; ++i) writeBits(writer, tree_cl.lengths[CLCL_ORDER[i]], 3);
+
+    /*write the lengths of the lit/len AND the dist alphabet*/
+    for(i = 0; i != numcodes_lld_e; ++i) {
+      writeBitsReversed(writer, tree_cl.codes[bitlen_lld_e[i]], tree_cl.lengths[bitlen_lld_e[i]]);
+      /*extra bits of repeat codes*/
+      if(bitlen_lld_e[i] == 16) writeBits(writer, bitlen_lld_e[++i], 2);
+      else if(bitlen_lld_e[i] == 17) writeBits(writer, bitlen_lld_e[++i], 3);
+      else if(bitlen_lld_e[i] == 18) writeBits(writer, bitlen_lld_e[++i], 7);
+    }
+
+    /*write the compressed data symbols*/
+    writeLZ77data(writer, &lz77_encoded, &tree_ll, &tree_d);
+    /*error: the length of the end code 256 must be larger than 0*/
+    if(tree_ll.lengths[256] == 0) ERROR_BREAK(64);
+
+    /*write the end code*/
+    writeBitsReversed(writer, tree_ll.codes[256], tree_ll.lengths[256]);
+
+    break; /*end of error-while*/
+  }
+
+  /*cleanup*/
+  uivector_cleanup(&lz77_encoded);
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_ll);
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_d);
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_cl);
+  lodepng_free(frequencies_ll);
+  lodepng_free(frequencies_d);
+  lodepng_free(frequencies_cl);
+  lodepng_free(bitlen_lld);
+  lodepng_free(bitlen_lld_e);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned deflateFixed(LodePNGBitWriter* writer, Hash* hash,
+                             const unsigned char* data,
+                             size_t datapos, size_t dataend,
+                             const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings, unsigned final) {
+  HuffmanTree tree_ll; /*tree for literal values and length codes*/
+  HuffmanTree tree_d; /*tree for distance codes*/
+
+  unsigned BFINAL = final;
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  size_t i;
+
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_ll);
+  HuffmanTree_init(&tree_d);
+
+  error = generateFixedLitLenTree(&tree_ll);
+  if(!error) error = generateFixedDistanceTree(&tree_d);
+
+  if(!error) {
+    writeBits(writer, BFINAL, 1);
+    writeBits(writer, 1, 1); /*first bit of BTYPE*/
+    writeBits(writer, 0, 1); /*second bit of BTYPE*/
+
+    if(settings->use_lz77) /*LZ77 encoded*/ {
+      uivector lz77_encoded;
+      uivector_init(&lz77_encoded);
+      error = encodeLZ77(&lz77_encoded, hash, data, datapos, dataend, settings->windowsize,
+                         settings->minmatch, settings->nicematch, settings->lazymatching);
+      if(!error) writeLZ77data(writer, &lz77_encoded, &tree_ll, &tree_d);
+      uivector_cleanup(&lz77_encoded);
+    } else /*no LZ77, but still will be Huffman compressed*/ {
+      for(i = datapos; i < dataend; ++i) {
+        writeBitsReversed(writer, tree_ll.codes[data[i]], tree_ll.lengths[data[i]]);
+      }
+    }
+    /*add END code*/
+    if(!error) writeBitsReversed(writer,tree_ll.codes[256], tree_ll.lengths[256]);
+  }
+
+  /*cleanup*/
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_ll);
+  HuffmanTree_cleanup(&tree_d);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned lodepng_deflatev(ucvector* out, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                                 const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  size_t i, blocksize, numdeflateblocks;
+  Hash hash;
+  LodePNGBitWriter writer;
+
+  LodePNGBitWriter_init(&writer, out);
+
+  if(settings->btype > 2) return 61;
+  else if(settings->btype == 0) return deflateNoCompression(out, in, insize);
+  else if(settings->btype == 1) blocksize = insize;
+  else /*if(settings->btype == 2)*/ {
+    /*on PNGs, deflate blocks of 65-262k seem to give most dense encoding*/
+    blocksize = insize / 8u + 8;
+    if(blocksize < 65536) blocksize = 65536;
+    if(blocksize > 262144) blocksize = 262144;
+  }
+
+  numdeflateblocks = (insize + blocksize - 1) / blocksize;
+  if(numdeflateblocks == 0) numdeflateblocks = 1;
+
+  error = hash_init(&hash, settings->windowsize);
+
+  if(!error) {
+    for(i = 0; i != numdeflateblocks && !error; ++i) {
+      unsigned final = (i == numdeflateblocks - 1);
+      size_t start = i * blocksize;
+      size_t end = start + blocksize;
+      if(end > insize) end = insize;
+
+      if(settings->btype == 1) error = deflateFixed(&writer, &hash, in, start, end, settings, final);
+      else if(settings->btype == 2) error = deflateDynamic(&writer, &hash, in, start, end, settings, final);
+    }
+  }
+
+  hash_cleanup(&hash);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_deflate(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                         const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                         const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings) {
+  ucvector v = ucvector_init(*out, *outsize);
+  unsigned error = lodepng_deflatev(&v, in, insize, settings);
+  *out = v.data;
+  *outsize = v.size;
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned deflate(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                        const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                        const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings) {
+  if(settings->custom_deflate) {
+    unsigned error = settings->custom_deflate(out, outsize, in, insize, settings);
+    /*the custom deflate is allowed to have its own error codes, however, we translate it to code 111*/
+    return error ? 111 : 0;
+  } else {
+    return lodepng_deflate(out, outsize, in, insize, settings);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / Adler32                                                                / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+static unsigned update_adler32(unsigned adler, const unsigned char* data, unsigned len) {
+  unsigned s1 = adler & 0xffffu;
+  unsigned s2 = (adler >> 16u) & 0xffffu;
+
+  while(len != 0u) {
+    unsigned i;
+    /*at least 5552 sums can be done before the sums overflow, saving a lot of module divisions*/
+    unsigned amount = len > 5552u ? 5552u : len;
+    len -= amount;
+    for(i = 0; i != amount; ++i) {
+      s1 += (*data++);
+      s2 += s1;
+    }
+    s1 %= 65521u;
+    s2 %= 65521u;
+  }
+
+  return (s2 << 16u) | s1;
+}
+
+/*Return the adler32 of the bytes data[0..len-1]*/
+static unsigned adler32(const unsigned char* data, unsigned len) {
+  return update_adler32(1u, data, len);
+}
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / Zlib                                                                   / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+
+static unsigned lodepng_zlib_decompressv(ucvector* out,
+                                         const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                                         const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned CM, CINFO, FDICT;
+
+  if(insize < 2) return 53; /*error, size of zlib data too small*/
+  /*read information from zlib header*/
+  if((in[0] * 256 + in[1]) % 31 != 0) {
+    /*error: 256 * in[0] + in[1] must be a multiple of 31, the FCHECK value is supposed to be made that way*/
+    return 24;
+  }
+
+  CM = in[0] & 15;
+  CINFO = (in[0] >> 4) & 15;
+  /*FCHECK = in[1] & 31;*/ /*FCHECK is already tested above*/
+  FDICT = (in[1] >> 5) & 1;
+  /*FLEVEL = (in[1] >> 6) & 3;*/ /*FLEVEL is not used here*/
+
+  if(CM != 8 || CINFO > 7) {
+    /*error: only compression method 8: inflate with sliding window of 32k is supported by the PNG spec*/
+    return 25;
+  }
+  if(FDICT != 0) {
+    /*error: the specification of PNG says about the zlib stream:
+      "The additional flags shall not specify a preset dictionary."*/
+    return 26;
+  }
+
+  error = inflatev(out, in + 2, insize - 2, settings);
+  if(error) return error;
+
+  if(!settings->ignore_adler32) {
+    unsigned ADLER32 = lodepng_read32bitInt(&in[insize - 4]);
+    unsigned checksum = adler32(out->data, (unsigned)(out->size));
+    if(checksum != ADLER32) return 58; /*error, adler checksum not correct, data must be corrupted*/
+  }
+
+  return 0; /*no error*/
+}
+
+
+unsigned lodepng_zlib_decompress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* in,
+                                 size_t insize, const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  ucvector v = ucvector_init(*out, *outsize);
+  unsigned error = lodepng_zlib_decompressv(&v, in, insize, settings);
+  *out = v.data;
+  *outsize = v.size;
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*expected_size is expected output size, to avoid intermediate allocations. Set to 0 if not known. */
+static unsigned zlib_decompress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, size_t expected_size,
+                                const unsigned char* in, size_t insize, const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  unsigned error;
+  if(settings->custom_zlib) {
+    error = settings->custom_zlib(out, outsize, in, insize, settings);
+    if(error) {
+      /*the custom zlib is allowed to have its own error codes, however, we translate it to code 110*/
+      error = 110;
+      /*if there's a max output size, and the custom zlib returned error, then indicate that error instead*/
+      if(settings->max_output_size && *outsize > settings->max_output_size) error = 109;
+    }
+  } else {
+    ucvector v = ucvector_init(*out, *outsize);
+    if(expected_size) {
+      /*reserve the memory to avoid intermediate reallocations*/
+      ucvector_resize(&v, *outsize + expected_size);
+      v.size = *outsize;
+    }
+    error = lodepng_zlib_decompressv(&v, in, insize, settings);
+    *out = v.data;
+    *outsize = v.size;
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+
+unsigned lodepng_zlib_compress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* in,
+                               size_t insize, const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings) {
+  size_t i;
+  unsigned error;
+  unsigned char* deflatedata = 0;
+  size_t deflatesize = 0;
+
+  error = deflate(&deflatedata, &deflatesize, in, insize, settings);
+
+  *out = NULL;
+  *outsize = 0;
+  if(!error) {
+    *outsize = deflatesize + 6;
+    *out = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(*outsize);
+    if(!*out) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  }
+
+  if(!error) {
+    unsigned ADLER32 = adler32(in, (unsigned)insize);
+    /*zlib data: 1 byte CMF (CM+CINFO), 1 byte FLG, deflate data, 4 byte ADLER32 checksum of the Decompressed data*/
+    unsigned CMF = 120; /*0b01111000: CM 8, CINFO 7. With CINFO 7, any window size up to 32768 can be used.*/
+    unsigned FLEVEL = 0;
+    unsigned FDICT = 0;
+    unsigned CMFFLG = 256 * CMF + FDICT * 32 + FLEVEL * 64;
+    unsigned FCHECK = 31 - CMFFLG % 31;
+    CMFFLG += FCHECK;
+
+    (*out)[0] = (unsigned char)(CMFFLG >> 8);
+    (*out)[1] = (unsigned char)(CMFFLG & 255);
+    for(i = 0; i != deflatesize; ++i) (*out)[i + 2] = deflatedata[i];
+    lodepng_set32bitInt(&(*out)[*outsize - 4], ADLER32);
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(deflatedata);
+  return error;
+}
+
+/* compress using the default or custom zlib function */
+static unsigned zlib_compress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* in,
+                              size_t insize, const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings) {
+  if(settings->custom_zlib) {
+    unsigned error = settings->custom_zlib(out, outsize, in, insize, settings);
+    /*the custom zlib is allowed to have its own error codes, however, we translate it to code 111*/
+    return error ? 111 : 0;
+  } else {
+    return lodepng_zlib_compress(out, outsize, in, insize, settings);
+  }
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+#else /*no LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+static unsigned zlib_decompress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, size_t expected_size,
+                                const unsigned char* in, size_t insize, const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  if(!settings->custom_zlib) return 87; /*no custom zlib function provided */
+  (void)expected_size;
+  return settings->custom_zlib(out, outsize, in, insize, settings);
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+static unsigned zlib_compress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* in,
+                              size_t insize, const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings) {
+  if(!settings->custom_zlib) return 87; /*no custom zlib function provided */
+  return settings->custom_zlib(out, outsize, in, insize, settings);
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+
+/*this is a good tradeoff between speed and compression ratio*/
+#define DEFAULT_WINDOWSIZE 2048
+
+void lodepng_compress_settings_init(LodePNGCompressSettings* settings) {
+  /*compress with dynamic huffman tree (not in the mathematical sense, just not the predefined one)*/
+  settings->btype = 2;
+  settings->use_lz77 = 1;
+  settings->windowsize = DEFAULT_WINDOWSIZE;
+  settings->minmatch = 3;
+  settings->nicematch = 128;
+  settings->lazymatching = 1;
+
+  settings->custom_zlib = 0;
+  settings->custom_deflate = 0;
+  settings->custom_context = 0;
+}
+
+const LodePNGCompressSettings lodepng_default_compress_settings = {2, 1, DEFAULT_WINDOWSIZE, 3, 128, 1, 0, 0, 0};
+
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+
+void lodepng_decompress_settings_init(LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings) {
+  settings->ignore_adler32 = 0;
+  settings->ignore_nlen = 0;
+  settings->max_output_size = 0;
+
+  settings->custom_zlib = 0;
+  settings->custom_inflate = 0;
+  settings->custom_context = 0;
+}
+
+const LodePNGDecompressSettings lodepng_default_decompress_settings = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* // End of Zlib related code. Begin of PNG related code.                 // */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / CRC32                                                                  / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_CRC
+/* CRC polynomial: 0xedb88320 */
+static unsigned lodepng_crc32_table[256] = {
+           0u, 1996959894u, 3993919788u, 2567524794u,  124634137u, 1886057615u, 3915621685u, 2657392035u,
+   249268274u, 2044508324u, 3772115230u, 2547177864u,  162941995u, 2125561021u, 3887607047u, 2428444049u,
+   498536548u, 1789927666u, 4089016648u, 2227061214u,  450548861u, 1843258603u, 4107580753u, 2211677639u,
+   325883990u, 1684777152u, 4251122042u, 2321926636u,  335633487u, 1661365465u, 4195302755u, 2366115317u,
+   997073096u, 1281953886u, 3579855332u, 2724688242u, 1006888145u, 1258607687u, 3524101629u, 2768942443u,
+   901097722u, 1119000684u, 3686517206u, 2898065728u,  853044451u, 1172266101u, 3705015759u, 2882616665u,
+   651767980u, 1373503546u, 3369554304u, 3218104598u,  565507253u, 1454621731u, 3485111705u, 3099436303u,
+   671266974u, 1594198024u, 3322730930u, 2970347812u,  795835527u, 1483230225u, 3244367275u, 3060149565u,
+  1994146192u,   31158534u, 2563907772u, 4023717930u, 1907459465u,  112637215u, 2680153253u, 3904427059u,
+  2013776290u,  251722036u, 2517215374u, 3775830040u, 2137656763u,  141376813u, 2439277719u, 3865271297u,
+  1802195444u,  476864866u, 2238001368u, 4066508878u, 1812370925u,  453092731u, 2181625025u, 4111451223u,
+  1706088902u,  314042704u, 2344532202u, 4240017532u, 1658658271u,  366619977u, 2362670323u, 4224994405u,
+  1303535960u,  984961486u, 2747007092u, 3569037538u, 1256170817u, 1037604311u, 2765210733u, 3554079995u,
+  1131014506u,  879679996u, 2909243462u, 3663771856u, 1141124467u,  855842277u, 2852801631u, 3708648649u,
+  1342533948u,  654459306u, 3188396048u, 3373015174u, 1466479909u,  544179635u, 3110523913u, 3462522015u,
+  1591671054u,  702138776u, 2966460450u, 3352799412u, 1504918807u,  783551873u, 3082640443u, 3233442989u,
+  3988292384u, 2596254646u,   62317068u, 1957810842u, 3939845945u, 2647816111u,   81470997u, 1943803523u,
+  3814918930u, 2489596804u,  225274430u, 2053790376u, 3826175755u, 2466906013u,  167816743u, 2097651377u,
+  4027552580u, 2265490386u,  503444072u, 1762050814u, 4150417245u, 2154129355u,  426522225u, 1852507879u,
+  4275313526u, 2312317920u,  282753626u, 1742555852u, 4189708143u, 2394877945u,  397917763u, 1622183637u,
+  3604390888u, 2714866558u,  953729732u, 1340076626u, 3518719985u, 2797360999u, 1068828381u, 1219638859u,
+  3624741850u, 2936675148u,  906185462u, 1090812512u, 3747672003u, 2825379669u,  829329135u, 1181335161u,
+  3412177804u, 3160834842u,  628085408u, 1382605366u, 3423369109u, 3138078467u,  570562233u, 1426400815u,
+  3317316542u, 2998733608u,  733239954u, 1555261956u, 3268935591u, 3050360625u,  752459403u, 1541320221u,
+  2607071920u, 3965973030u, 1969922972u,   40735498u, 2617837225u, 3943577151u, 1913087877u,   83908371u,
+  2512341634u, 3803740692u, 2075208622u,  213261112u, 2463272603u, 3855990285u, 2094854071u,  198958881u,
+  2262029012u, 4057260610u, 1759359992u,  534414190u, 2176718541u, 4139329115u, 1873836001u,  414664567u,
+  2282248934u, 4279200368u, 1711684554u,  285281116u, 2405801727u, 4167216745u, 1634467795u,  376229701u,
+  2685067896u, 3608007406u, 1308918612u,  956543938u, 2808555105u, 3495958263u, 1231636301u, 1047427035u,
+  2932959818u, 3654703836u, 1088359270u,  936918000u, 2847714899u, 3736837829u, 1202900863u,  817233897u,
+  3183342108u, 3401237130u, 1404277552u,  615818150u, 3134207493u, 3453421203u, 1423857449u,  601450431u,
+  3009837614u, 3294710456u, 1567103746u,  711928724u, 3020668471u, 3272380065u, 1510334235u,  755167117u
+};
+
+/*Return the CRC of the bytes buf[0..len-1].*/
+unsigned lodepng_crc32(const unsigned char* data, size_t length) {
+  unsigned r = 0xffffffffu;
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
+    r = lodepng_crc32_table[(r ^ data[i]) & 0xffu] ^ (r >> 8u);
+  }
+  return r ^ 0xffffffffu;
+}
+#else /* !LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_CRC */
+unsigned lodepng_crc32(const unsigned char* data, size_t length);
+#endif /* !LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_CRC */
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / Reading and writing PNG color channel bits                             / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/* The color channel bits of less-than-8-bit pixels are read with the MSB of bytes first,
+so LodePNGBitWriter and LodePNGBitReader can't be used for those. */
+
+static unsigned char readBitFromReversedStream(size_t* bitpointer, const unsigned char* bitstream) {
+  unsigned char result = (unsigned char)((bitstream[(*bitpointer) >> 3] >> (7 - ((*bitpointer) & 0x7))) & 1);
+  ++(*bitpointer);
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* TODO: make this faster */
+static unsigned readBitsFromReversedStream(size_t* bitpointer, const unsigned char* bitstream, size_t nbits) {
+  unsigned result = 0;
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0 ; i < nbits; ++i) {
+    result <<= 1u;
+    result |= (unsigned)readBitFromReversedStream(bitpointer, bitstream);
+  }
+  return result;
+}
+
+static void setBitOfReversedStream(size_t* bitpointer, unsigned char* bitstream, unsigned char bit) {
+  /*the current bit in bitstream may be 0 or 1 for this to work*/
+  if(bit == 0) bitstream[(*bitpointer) >> 3u] &=  (unsigned char)(~(1u << (7u - ((*bitpointer) & 7u))));
+  else         bitstream[(*bitpointer) >> 3u] |=  (1u << (7u - ((*bitpointer) & 7u)));
+  ++(*bitpointer);
+}
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / PNG chunks                                                             / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_length(const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  return lodepng_read32bitInt(&chunk[0]);
+}
+
+void lodepng_chunk_type(char type[5], const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for(i = 0; i != 4; ++i) type[i] = (char)chunk[4 + i];
+  type[4] = 0; /*null termination char*/
+}
+
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_type_equals(const unsigned char* chunk, const char* type) {
+  if(lodepng_strlen(type) != 4) return 0;
+  return (chunk[4] == type[0] && chunk[5] == type[1] && chunk[6] == type[2] && chunk[7] == type[3]);
+}
+
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_ancillary(const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  return((chunk[4] & 32) != 0);
+}
+
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_private(const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  return((chunk[6] & 32) != 0);
+}
+
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_safetocopy(const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  return((chunk[7] & 32) != 0);
+}
+
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_data(unsigned char* chunk) {
+  return &chunk[8];
+}
+
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_data_const(const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  return &chunk[8];
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_check_crc(const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  unsigned length = lodepng_chunk_length(chunk);
+  unsigned CRC = lodepng_read32bitInt(&chunk[length + 8]);
+  /*the CRC is taken of the data and the 4 chunk type letters, not the length*/
+  unsigned checksum = lodepng_crc32(&chunk[4], length + 4);
+  if(CRC != checksum) return 1;
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+void lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(unsigned char* chunk) {
+  unsigned length = lodepng_chunk_length(chunk);
+  unsigned CRC = lodepng_crc32(&chunk[4], length + 4);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 8 + length, CRC);
+}
+
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_next(unsigned char* chunk, unsigned char* end) {
+  if(chunk >= end || end - chunk < 12) return end; /*too small to contain a chunk*/
+  if(chunk[0] == 0x89 && chunk[1] == 0x50 && chunk[2] == 0x4e && chunk[3] == 0x47
+    && chunk[4] == 0x0d && chunk[5] == 0x0a && chunk[6] == 0x1a && chunk[7] == 0x0a) {
+    /* Is PNG magic header at start of PNG file. Jump to first actual chunk. */
+    return chunk + 8;
+  } else {
+    size_t total_chunk_length;
+    unsigned char* result;
+    if(lodepng_addofl(lodepng_chunk_length(chunk), 12, &total_chunk_length)) return end;
+    result = chunk + total_chunk_length;
+    if(result < chunk) return end; /*pointer overflow*/
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_next_const(const unsigned char* chunk, const unsigned char* end) {
+  if(chunk >= end || end - chunk < 12) return end; /*too small to contain a chunk*/
+  if(chunk[0] == 0x89 && chunk[1] == 0x50 && chunk[2] == 0x4e && chunk[3] == 0x47
+    && chunk[4] == 0x0d && chunk[5] == 0x0a && chunk[6] == 0x1a && chunk[7] == 0x0a) {
+    /* Is PNG magic header at start of PNG file. Jump to first actual chunk. */
+    return chunk + 8;
+  } else {
+    size_t total_chunk_length;
+    const unsigned char* result;
+    if(lodepng_addofl(lodepng_chunk_length(chunk), 12, &total_chunk_length)) return end;
+    result = chunk + total_chunk_length;
+    if(result < chunk) return end; /*pointer overflow*/
+    return result;
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_find(unsigned char* chunk, unsigned char* end, const char type[5]) {
+  for(;;) {
+    if(chunk >= end || end - chunk < 12) return 0; /* past file end: chunk + 12 > end */
+    if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, type)) return chunk;
+    chunk = lodepng_chunk_next(chunk, end);
+  }
+}
+
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_find_const(const unsigned char* chunk, const unsigned char* end, const char type[5]) {
+  for(;;) {
+    if(chunk >= end || end - chunk < 12) return 0; /* past file end: chunk + 12 > end */
+    if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, type)) return chunk;
+    chunk = lodepng_chunk_next_const(chunk, end);
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_append(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* chunk) {
+  unsigned i;
+  size_t total_chunk_length, new_length;
+  unsigned char *chunk_start, *new_buffer;
+
+  if(lodepng_addofl(lodepng_chunk_length(chunk), 12, &total_chunk_length)) return 77;
+  if(lodepng_addofl(*outsize, total_chunk_length, &new_length)) return 77;
+
+  new_buffer = (unsigned char*)lodepng_realloc(*out, new_length);
+  if(!new_buffer) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  (*out) = new_buffer;
+  (*outsize) = new_length;
+  chunk_start = &(*out)[new_length - total_chunk_length];
+
+  for(i = 0; i != total_chunk_length; ++i) chunk_start[i] = chunk[i];
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*Sets length and name and allocates the space for data and crc but does not
+set data or crc yet. Returns the start of the chunk in chunk. The start of
+the data is at chunk + 8. To finalize chunk, add the data, then use
+lodepng_chunk_generate_crc */
+static unsigned lodepng_chunk_init(unsigned char** chunk,
+                                   ucvector* out,
+                                   unsigned length, const char* type) {
+  size_t new_length = out->size;
+  if(lodepng_addofl(new_length, length, &new_length)) return 77;
+  if(lodepng_addofl(new_length, 12, &new_length)) return 77;
+  if(!ucvector_resize(out, new_length)) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  *chunk = out->data + new_length - length - 12u;
+
+  /*1: length*/
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(*chunk, length);
+
+  /*2: chunk name (4 letters)*/
+  lodepng_memcpy(*chunk + 4, type, 4);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* like lodepng_chunk_create but with custom allocsize */
+static unsigned lodepng_chunk_createv(ucvector* out,
+                                      unsigned length, const char* type, const unsigned char* data) {
+  unsigned char* chunk;
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, length, type));
+
+  /*3: the data*/
+  lodepng_memcpy(chunk + 8, data, length);
+
+  /*4: CRC (of the chunkname characters and the data)*/
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_create(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                              unsigned length, const char* type, const unsigned char* data) {
+  ucvector v = ucvector_init(*out, *outsize);
+  unsigned error = lodepng_chunk_createv(&v, length, type, data);
+  *out = v.data;
+  *outsize = v.size;
+  return error;
+}
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / Color types, channels, bits                                            / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/*checks if the colortype is valid and the bitdepth bd is allowed for this colortype.
+Return value is a LodePNG error code.*/
+static unsigned checkColorValidity(LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bd) {
+  switch(colortype) {
+    case LCT_GREY:       if(!(bd == 1 || bd == 2 || bd == 4 || bd == 8 || bd == 16)) return 37; break;
+    case LCT_RGB:        if(!(                                 bd == 8 || bd == 16)) return 37; break;
+    case LCT_PALETTE:    if(!(bd == 1 || bd == 2 || bd == 4 || bd == 8            )) return 37; break;
+    case LCT_GREY_ALPHA: if(!(                                 bd == 8 || bd == 16)) return 37; break;
+    case LCT_RGBA:       if(!(                                 bd == 8 || bd == 16)) return 37; break;
+    case LCT_MAX_OCTET_VALUE: return 31; /* invalid color type */
+    default: return 31; /* invalid color type */
+  }
+  return 0; /*allowed color type / bits combination*/
+}
+
+static unsigned getNumColorChannels(LodePNGColorType colortype) {
+  switch(colortype) {
+    case LCT_GREY: return 1;
+    case LCT_RGB: return 3;
+    case LCT_PALETTE: return 1;
+    case LCT_GREY_ALPHA: return 2;
+    case LCT_RGBA: return 4;
+    case LCT_MAX_OCTET_VALUE: return 0; /* invalid color type */
+    default: return 0; /*invalid color type*/
+  }
+}
+
+static unsigned lodepng_get_bpp_lct(LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  /*bits per pixel is amount of channels * bits per channel*/
+  return getNumColorChannels(colortype) * bitdepth;
+}
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+void lodepng_color_mode_init(LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  info->key_defined = 0;
+  info->key_r = info->key_g = info->key_b = 0;
+  info->colortype = LCT_RGBA;
+  info->bitdepth = 8;
+  info->palette = 0;
+  info->palettesize = 0;
+}
+
+/*allocates palette memory if needed, and initializes all colors to black*/
+static void lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette(LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  size_t i;
+  /*if the palette is already allocated, it will have size 1024 so no reallocation needed in that case*/
+  /*the palette must have room for up to 256 colors with 4 bytes each.*/
+  if(!info->palette) info->palette = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(1024);
+  if(!info->palette) return; /*alloc fail*/
+  for(i = 0; i != 256; ++i) {
+    /*Initialize all unused colors with black, the value used for invalid palette indices.
+    This is an error according to the PNG spec, but common PNG decoders make it black instead.
+    That makes color conversion slightly faster due to no error handling needed.*/
+    info->palette[i * 4 + 0] = 0;
+    info->palette[i * 4 + 1] = 0;
+    info->palette[i * 4 + 2] = 0;
+    info->palette[i * 4 + 3] = 255;
+  }
+}
+
+void lodepng_color_mode_cleanup(LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  lodepng_palette_clear(info);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_color_mode_copy(LodePNGColorMode* dest, const LodePNGColorMode* source) {
+  lodepng_color_mode_cleanup(dest);
+  lodepng_memcpy(dest, source, sizeof(LodePNGColorMode));
+  if(source->palette) {
+    dest->palette = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(1024);
+    if(!dest->palette && source->palettesize) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+    lodepng_memcpy(dest->palette, source->palette, source->palettesize * 4);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+LodePNGColorMode lodepng_color_mode_make(LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  LodePNGColorMode result;
+  lodepng_color_mode_init(&result);
+  result.colortype = colortype;
+  result.bitdepth = bitdepth;
+  return result;
+}
+
+static int lodepng_color_mode_equal(const LodePNGColorMode* a, const LodePNGColorMode* b) {
+  size_t i;
+  if(a->colortype != b->colortype) return 0;
+  if(a->bitdepth != b->bitdepth) return 0;
+  if(a->key_defined != b->key_defined) return 0;
+  if(a->key_defined) {
+    if(a->key_r != b->key_r) return 0;
+    if(a->key_g != b->key_g) return 0;
+    if(a->key_b != b->key_b) return 0;
+  }
+  if(a->palettesize != b->palettesize) return 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != a->palettesize * 4; ++i) {
+    if(a->palette[i] != b->palette[i]) return 0;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+void lodepng_palette_clear(LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  if(info->palette) lodepng_free(info->palette);
+  info->palette = 0;
+  info->palettesize = 0;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_palette_add(LodePNGColorMode* info,
+                             unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a) {
+  if(!info->palette) /*allocate palette if empty*/ {
+    lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette(info);
+    if(!info->palette) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  }
+  if(info->palettesize >= 256) {
+    return 108; /*too many palette values*/
+  }
+  info->palette[4 * info->palettesize + 0] = r;
+  info->palette[4 * info->palettesize + 1] = g;
+  info->palette[4 * info->palettesize + 2] = b;
+  info->palette[4 * info->palettesize + 3] = a;
+  ++info->palettesize;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*calculate bits per pixel out of colortype and bitdepth*/
+unsigned lodepng_get_bpp(const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  return lodepng_get_bpp_lct(info->colortype, info->bitdepth);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_get_channels(const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  return getNumColorChannels(info->colortype);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_is_greyscale_type(const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  return info->colortype == LCT_GREY || info->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_is_alpha_type(const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  return (info->colortype & 4) != 0; /*4 or 6*/
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_is_palette_type(const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  return info->colortype == LCT_PALETTE;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_has_palette_alpha(const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i != info->palettesize; ++i) {
+    if(info->palette[i * 4 + 3] < 255) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_can_have_alpha(const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  return info->key_defined
+      || lodepng_is_alpha_type(info)
+      || lodepng_has_palette_alpha(info);
+}
+
+static size_t lodepng_get_raw_size_lct(unsigned w, unsigned h, LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  size_t bpp = lodepng_get_bpp_lct(colortype, bitdepth);
+  size_t n = (size_t)w * (size_t)h;
+  return ((n / 8u) * bpp) + ((n & 7u) * bpp + 7u) / 8u;
+}
+
+size_t lodepng_get_raw_size(unsigned w, unsigned h, const LodePNGColorMode* color) {
+  return lodepng_get_raw_size_lct(w, h, color->colortype, color->bitdepth);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+
+/*in an idat chunk, each scanline is a multiple of 8 bits, unlike the lodepng output buffer,
+and in addition has one extra byte per line: the filter byte. So this gives a larger
+result than lodepng_get_raw_size. Set h to 1 to get the size of 1 row including filter byte. */
+static size_t lodepng_get_raw_size_idat(unsigned w, unsigned h, unsigned bpp) {
+  /* + 1 for the filter byte, and possibly plus padding bits per line. */
+  /* Ignoring casts, the expression is equal to (w * bpp + 7) / 8 + 1, but avoids overflow of w * bpp */
+  size_t line = ((size_t)(w / 8u) * bpp) + 1u + ((w & 7u) * bpp + 7u) / 8u;
+  return (size_t)h * line;
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/*Safely checks whether size_t overflow can be caused due to amount of pixels.
+This check is overcautious rather than precise. If this check indicates no overflow,
+you can safely compute in a size_t (but not an unsigned):
+-(size_t)w * (size_t)h * 8
+-amount of bytes in IDAT (including filter, padding and Adam7 bytes)
+-amount of bytes in raw color model
+Returns 1 if overflow possible, 0 if not.
+*/
+static int lodepng_pixel_overflow(unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                                  const LodePNGColorMode* pngcolor, const LodePNGColorMode* rawcolor) {
+  size_t bpp = LODEPNG_MAX(lodepng_get_bpp(pngcolor), lodepng_get_bpp(rawcolor));
+  size_t numpixels, total;
+  size_t line; /* bytes per line in worst case */
+
+  if(lodepng_mulofl((size_t)w, (size_t)h, &numpixels)) return 1;
+  if(lodepng_mulofl(numpixels, 8, &total)) return 1; /* bit pointer with 8-bit color, or 8 bytes per channel color */
+
+  /* Bytes per scanline with the expression "(w / 8u) * bpp) + ((w & 7u) * bpp + 7u) / 8u" */
+  if(lodepng_mulofl((size_t)(w / 8u), bpp, &line)) return 1;
+  if(lodepng_addofl(line, ((w & 7u) * bpp + 7u) / 8u, &line)) return 1;
+
+  if(lodepng_addofl(line, 5, &line)) return 1; /* 5 bytes overhead per line: 1 filterbyte, 4 for Adam7 worst case */
+  if(lodepng_mulofl(line, h, &total)) return 1; /* Total bytes in worst case */
+
+  return 0; /* no overflow */
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+
+static void LodePNGUnknownChunks_init(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for(i = 0; i != 3; ++i) info->unknown_chunks_data[i] = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != 3; ++i) info->unknown_chunks_size[i] = 0;
+}
+
+static void LodePNGUnknownChunks_cleanup(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  unsigned i;
+  for(i = 0; i != 3; ++i) lodepng_free(info->unknown_chunks_data[i]);
+}
+
+static unsigned LodePNGUnknownChunks_copy(LodePNGInfo* dest, const LodePNGInfo* src) {
+  unsigned i;
+
+  LodePNGUnknownChunks_cleanup(dest);
+
+  for(i = 0; i != 3; ++i) {
+    size_t j;
+    dest->unknown_chunks_size[i] = src->unknown_chunks_size[i];
+    dest->unknown_chunks_data[i] = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(src->unknown_chunks_size[i]);
+    if(!dest->unknown_chunks_data[i] && dest->unknown_chunks_size[i]) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+    for(j = 0; j < src->unknown_chunks_size[i]; ++j) {
+      dest->unknown_chunks_data[i][j] = src->unknown_chunks_data[i][j];
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+static void LodePNGText_init(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  info->text_num = 0;
+  info->text_keys = NULL;
+  info->text_strings = NULL;
+}
+
+static void LodePNGText_cleanup(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i != info->text_num; ++i) {
+    string_cleanup(&info->text_keys[i]);
+    string_cleanup(&info->text_strings[i]);
+  }
+  lodepng_free(info->text_keys);
+  lodepng_free(info->text_strings);
+}
+
+static unsigned LodePNGText_copy(LodePNGInfo* dest, const LodePNGInfo* source) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  dest->text_keys = NULL;
+  dest->text_strings = NULL;
+  dest->text_num = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != source->text_num; ++i) {
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_add_text(dest, source->text_keys[i], source->text_strings[i]));
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned lodepng_add_text_sized(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* key, const char* str, size_t size) {
+  char** new_keys = (char**)(lodepng_realloc(info->text_keys, sizeof(char*) * (info->text_num + 1)));
+  char** new_strings = (char**)(lodepng_realloc(info->text_strings, sizeof(char*) * (info->text_num + 1)));
+
+  if(new_keys) info->text_keys = new_keys;
+  if(new_strings) info->text_strings = new_strings;
+
+  if(!new_keys || !new_strings) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  ++info->text_num;
+  info->text_keys[info->text_num - 1] = alloc_string(key);
+  info->text_strings[info->text_num - 1] = alloc_string_sized(str, size);
+  if(!info->text_keys[info->text_num - 1] || !info->text_strings[info->text_num - 1]) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_add_text(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* key, const char* str) {
+  return lodepng_add_text_sized(info, key, str, lodepng_strlen(str));
+}
+
+void lodepng_clear_text(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  LodePNGText_cleanup(info);
+}
+
+/******************************************************************************/
+
+static void LodePNGIText_init(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  info->itext_num = 0;
+  info->itext_keys = NULL;
+  info->itext_langtags = NULL;
+  info->itext_transkeys = NULL;
+  info->itext_strings = NULL;
+}
+
+static void LodePNGIText_cleanup(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  size_t i;
+  for(i = 0; i != info->itext_num; ++i) {
+    string_cleanup(&info->itext_keys[i]);
+    string_cleanup(&info->itext_langtags[i]);
+    string_cleanup(&info->itext_transkeys[i]);
+    string_cleanup(&info->itext_strings[i]);
+  }
+  lodepng_free(info->itext_keys);
+  lodepng_free(info->itext_langtags);
+  lodepng_free(info->itext_transkeys);
+  lodepng_free(info->itext_strings);
+}
+
+static unsigned LodePNGIText_copy(LodePNGInfo* dest, const LodePNGInfo* source) {
+  size_t i = 0;
+  dest->itext_keys = NULL;
+  dest->itext_langtags = NULL;
+  dest->itext_transkeys = NULL;
+  dest->itext_strings = NULL;
+  dest->itext_num = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != source->itext_num; ++i) {
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_add_itext(dest, source->itext_keys[i], source->itext_langtags[i],
+                                        source->itext_transkeys[i], source->itext_strings[i]));
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void lodepng_clear_itext(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  LodePNGIText_cleanup(info);
+}
+
+static unsigned lodepng_add_itext_sized(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* key, const char* langtag,
+                                        const char* transkey, const char* str, size_t size) {
+  char** new_keys = (char**)(lodepng_realloc(info->itext_keys, sizeof(char*) * (info->itext_num + 1)));
+  char** new_langtags = (char**)(lodepng_realloc(info->itext_langtags, sizeof(char*) * (info->itext_num + 1)));
+  char** new_transkeys = (char**)(lodepng_realloc(info->itext_transkeys, sizeof(char*) * (info->itext_num + 1)));
+  char** new_strings = (char**)(lodepng_realloc(info->itext_strings, sizeof(char*) * (info->itext_num + 1)));
+
+  if(new_keys) info->itext_keys = new_keys;
+  if(new_langtags) info->itext_langtags = new_langtags;
+  if(new_transkeys) info->itext_transkeys = new_transkeys;
+  if(new_strings) info->itext_strings = new_strings;
+
+  if(!new_keys || !new_langtags || !new_transkeys || !new_strings) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  ++info->itext_num;
+
+  info->itext_keys[info->itext_num - 1] = alloc_string(key);
+  info->itext_langtags[info->itext_num - 1] = alloc_string(langtag);
+  info->itext_transkeys[info->itext_num - 1] = alloc_string(transkey);
+  info->itext_strings[info->itext_num - 1] = alloc_string_sized(str, size);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_add_itext(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* key, const char* langtag,
+                           const char* transkey, const char* str) {
+  return lodepng_add_itext_sized(info, key, langtag, transkey, str, lodepng_strlen(str));
+}
+
+/* same as set but does not delete */
+static unsigned lodepng_assign_icc(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* name, const unsigned char* profile, unsigned profile_size) {
+  if(profile_size == 0) return 100; /*invalid ICC profile size*/
+
+  info->iccp_name = alloc_string(name);
+  info->iccp_profile = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(profile_size);
+
+  if(!info->iccp_name || !info->iccp_profile) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  lodepng_memcpy(info->iccp_profile, profile, profile_size);
+  info->iccp_profile_size = profile_size;
+
+  return 0; /*ok*/
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_set_icc(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* name, const unsigned char* profile, unsigned profile_size) {
+  if(info->iccp_name) lodepng_clear_icc(info);
+  info->iccp_defined = 1;
+
+  return lodepng_assign_icc(info, name, profile, profile_size);
+}
+
+void lodepng_clear_icc(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  string_cleanup(&info->iccp_name);
+  lodepng_free(info->iccp_profile);
+  info->iccp_profile = NULL;
+  info->iccp_profile_size = 0;
+  info->iccp_defined = 0;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+void lodepng_info_init(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  lodepng_color_mode_init(&info->color);
+  info->interlace_method = 0;
+  info->compression_method = 0;
+  info->filter_method = 0;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  info->background_defined = 0;
+  info->background_r = info->background_g = info->background_b = 0;
+
+  LodePNGText_init(info);
+  LodePNGIText_init(info);
+
+  info->time_defined = 0;
+  info->phys_defined = 0;
+
+  info->gama_defined = 0;
+  info->chrm_defined = 0;
+  info->srgb_defined = 0;
+  info->iccp_defined = 0;
+  info->iccp_name = NULL;
+  info->iccp_profile = NULL;
+
+  LodePNGUnknownChunks_init(info);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+}
+
+void lodepng_info_cleanup(LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  lodepng_color_mode_cleanup(&info->color);
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  LodePNGText_cleanup(info);
+  LodePNGIText_cleanup(info);
+
+  lodepng_clear_icc(info);
+
+  LodePNGUnknownChunks_cleanup(info);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_info_copy(LodePNGInfo* dest, const LodePNGInfo* source) {
+  lodepng_info_cleanup(dest);
+  lodepng_memcpy(dest, source, sizeof(LodePNGInfo));
+  lodepng_color_mode_init(&dest->color);
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_color_mode_copy(&dest->color, &source->color));
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(LodePNGText_copy(dest, source));
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(LodePNGIText_copy(dest, source));
+  if(source->iccp_defined) {
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_assign_icc(dest, source->iccp_name, source->iccp_profile, source->iccp_profile_size));
+  }
+
+  LodePNGUnknownChunks_init(dest);
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(LodePNGUnknownChunks_copy(dest, source));
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/*index: bitgroup index, bits: bitgroup size(1, 2 or 4), in: bitgroup value, out: octet array to add bits to*/
+static void addColorBits(unsigned char* out, size_t index, unsigned bits, unsigned in) {
+  unsigned m = bits == 1 ? 7 : bits == 2 ? 3 : 1; /*8 / bits - 1*/
+  /*p = the partial index in the byte, e.g. with 4 palettebits it is 0 for first half or 1 for second half*/
+  unsigned p = index & m;
+  in &= (1u << bits) - 1u; /*filter out any other bits of the input value*/
+  in = in << (bits * (m - p));
+  if(p == 0) out[index * bits / 8u] = in;
+  else out[index * bits / 8u] |= in;
+}
+
+typedef struct ColorTree ColorTree;
+
+/*
+One node of a color tree
+This is the data structure used to count the number of unique colors and to get a palette
+index for a color. It's like an octree, but because the alpha channel is used too, each
+node has 16 instead of 8 children.
+*/
+struct ColorTree {
+  ColorTree* children[16]; /*up to 16 pointers to ColorTree of next level*/
+  int index; /*the payload. Only has a meaningful value if this is in the last level*/
+};
+
+static void color_tree_init(ColorTree* tree) {
+  lodepng_memset(tree->children, 0, 16 * sizeof(*tree->children));
+  tree->index = -1;
+}
+
+static void color_tree_cleanup(ColorTree* tree) {
+  int i;
+  for(i = 0; i != 16; ++i) {
+    if(tree->children[i]) {
+      color_tree_cleanup(tree->children[i]);
+      lodepng_free(tree->children[i]);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*returns -1 if color not present, its index otherwise*/
+static int color_tree_get(ColorTree* tree, unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a) {
+  int bit = 0;
+  for(bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
+    int i = 8 * ((r >> bit) & 1) + 4 * ((g >> bit) & 1) + 2 * ((b >> bit) & 1) + 1 * ((a >> bit) & 1);
+    if(!tree->children[i]) return -1;
+    else tree = tree->children[i];
+  }
+  return tree ? tree->index : -1;
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+static int color_tree_has(ColorTree* tree, unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a) {
+  return color_tree_get(tree, r, g, b, a) >= 0;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+/*color is not allowed to already exist.
+Index should be >= 0 (it's signed to be compatible with using -1 for "doesn't exist")
+Returns error code, or 0 if ok*/
+static unsigned color_tree_add(ColorTree* tree,
+                               unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a, unsigned index) {
+  int bit;
+  for(bit = 0; bit < 8; ++bit) {
+    int i = 8 * ((r >> bit) & 1) + 4 * ((g >> bit) & 1) + 2 * ((b >> bit) & 1) + 1 * ((a >> bit) & 1);
+    if(!tree->children[i]) {
+      tree->children[i] = (ColorTree*)lodepng_malloc(sizeof(ColorTree));
+      if(!tree->children[i]) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+      color_tree_init(tree->children[i]);
+    }
+    tree = tree->children[i];
+  }
+  tree->index = (int)index;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*put a pixel, given its RGBA color, into image of any color type*/
+static unsigned rgba8ToPixel(unsigned char* out, size_t i,
+                             const LodePNGColorMode* mode, ColorTree* tree /*for palette*/,
+                             unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a) {
+  if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    unsigned char gray = r; /*((unsigned short)r + g + b) / 3u;*/
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) out[i] = gray;
+    else if(mode->bitdepth == 16) out[i * 2 + 0] = out[i * 2 + 1] = gray;
+    else {
+      /*take the most significant bits of gray*/
+      gray = ((unsigned)gray >> (8u - mode->bitdepth)) & ((1u << mode->bitdepth) - 1u);
+      addColorBits(out, i, mode->bitdepth, gray);
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      out[i * 3 + 0] = r;
+      out[i * 3 + 1] = g;
+      out[i * 3 + 2] = b;
+    } else {
+      out[i * 6 + 0] = out[i * 6 + 1] = r;
+      out[i * 6 + 2] = out[i * 6 + 3] = g;
+      out[i * 6 + 4] = out[i * 6 + 5] = b;
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    int index = color_tree_get(tree, r, g, b, a);
+    if(index < 0) return 82; /*color not in palette*/
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) out[i] = index;
+    else addColorBits(out, i, mode->bitdepth, (unsigned)index);
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    unsigned char gray = r; /*((unsigned short)r + g + b) / 3u;*/
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      out[i * 2 + 0] = gray;
+      out[i * 2 + 1] = a;
+    } else if(mode->bitdepth == 16) {
+      out[i * 4 + 0] = out[i * 4 + 1] = gray;
+      out[i * 4 + 2] = out[i * 4 + 3] = a;
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      out[i * 4 + 0] = r;
+      out[i * 4 + 1] = g;
+      out[i * 4 + 2] = b;
+      out[i * 4 + 3] = a;
+    } else {
+      out[i * 8 + 0] = out[i * 8 + 1] = r;
+      out[i * 8 + 2] = out[i * 8 + 3] = g;
+      out[i * 8 + 4] = out[i * 8 + 5] = b;
+      out[i * 8 + 6] = out[i * 8 + 7] = a;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return 0; /*no error*/
+}
+
+/*put a pixel, given its RGBA16 color, into image of any color 16-bitdepth type*/
+static void rgba16ToPixel(unsigned char* out, size_t i,
+                         const LodePNGColorMode* mode,
+                         unsigned short r, unsigned short g, unsigned short b, unsigned short a) {
+  if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    unsigned short gray = r; /*((unsigned)r + g + b) / 3u;*/
+    out[i * 2 + 0] = (gray >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 2 + 1] = gray & 255;
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    out[i * 6 + 0] = (r >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 6 + 1] = r & 255;
+    out[i * 6 + 2] = (g >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 6 + 3] = g & 255;
+    out[i * 6 + 4] = (b >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 6 + 5] = b & 255;
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    unsigned short gray = r; /*((unsigned)r + g + b) / 3u;*/
+    out[i * 4 + 0] = (gray >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 4 + 1] = gray & 255;
+    out[i * 4 + 2] = (a >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 4 + 3] = a & 255;
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    out[i * 8 + 0] = (r >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 8 + 1] = r & 255;
+    out[i * 8 + 2] = (g >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 8 + 3] = g & 255;
+    out[i * 8 + 4] = (b >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 8 + 5] = b & 255;
+    out[i * 8 + 6] = (a >> 8) & 255;
+    out[i * 8 + 7] = a & 255;
+  }
+}
+
+/*Get RGBA8 color of pixel with index i (y * width + x) from the raw image with given color type.*/
+static void getPixelColorRGBA8(unsigned char* r, unsigned char* g,
+                               unsigned char* b, unsigned char* a,
+                               const unsigned char* in, size_t i,
+                               const LodePNGColorMode* mode) {
+  if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      *r = *g = *b = in[i];
+      if(mode->key_defined && *r == mode->key_r) *a = 0;
+      else *a = 255;
+    } else if(mode->bitdepth == 16) {
+      *r = *g = *b = in[i * 2 + 0];
+      if(mode->key_defined && 256U * in[i * 2 + 0] + in[i * 2 + 1] == mode->key_r) *a = 0;
+      else *a = 255;
+    } else {
+      unsigned highest = ((1U << mode->bitdepth) - 1U); /*highest possible value for this bit depth*/
+      size_t j = i * mode->bitdepth;
+      unsigned value = readBitsFromReversedStream(&j, in, mode->bitdepth);
+      *r = *g = *b = (value * 255) / highest;
+      if(mode->key_defined && value == mode->key_r) *a = 0;
+      else *a = 255;
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      *r = in[i * 3 + 0]; *g = in[i * 3 + 1]; *b = in[i * 3 + 2];
+      if(mode->key_defined && *r == mode->key_r && *g == mode->key_g && *b == mode->key_b) *a = 0;
+      else *a = 255;
+    } else {
+      *r = in[i * 6 + 0];
+      *g = in[i * 6 + 2];
+      *b = in[i * 6 + 4];
+      if(mode->key_defined && 256U * in[i * 6 + 0] + in[i * 6 + 1] == mode->key_r
+         && 256U * in[i * 6 + 2] + in[i * 6 + 3] == mode->key_g
+         && 256U * in[i * 6 + 4] + in[i * 6 + 5] == mode->key_b) *a = 0;
+      else *a = 255;
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    unsigned index;
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) index = in[i];
+    else {
+      size_t j = i * mode->bitdepth;
+      index = readBitsFromReversedStream(&j, in, mode->bitdepth);
+    }
+    /*out of bounds of palette not checked: see lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette.*/
+    *r = mode->palette[index * 4 + 0];
+    *g = mode->palette[index * 4 + 1];
+    *b = mode->palette[index * 4 + 2];
+    *a = mode->palette[index * 4 + 3];
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      *r = *g = *b = in[i * 2 + 0];
+      *a = in[i * 2 + 1];
+    } else {
+      *r = *g = *b = in[i * 4 + 0];
+      *a = in[i * 4 + 2];
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      *r = in[i * 4 + 0];
+      *g = in[i * 4 + 1];
+      *b = in[i * 4 + 2];
+      *a = in[i * 4 + 3];
+    } else {
+      *r = in[i * 8 + 0];
+      *g = in[i * 8 + 2];
+      *b = in[i * 8 + 4];
+      *a = in[i * 8 + 6];
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*Similar to getPixelColorRGBA8, but with all the for loops inside of the color
+mode test cases, optimized to convert the colors much faster, when converting
+to the common case of RGBA with 8 bit per channel. buffer must be RGBA with
+enough memory.*/
+static void getPixelColorsRGBA8(unsigned char* LODEPNG_RESTRICT buffer, size_t numpixels,
+                                const unsigned char* LODEPNG_RESTRICT in,
+                                const LodePNGColorMode* mode) {
+  unsigned num_channels = 4;
+  size_t i;
+  if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i];
+        buffer[3] = 255;
+      }
+      if(mode->key_defined) {
+        buffer -= numpixels * num_channels;
+        for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+          if(buffer[0] == mode->key_r) buffer[3] = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    } else if(mode->bitdepth == 16) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i * 2];
+        buffer[3] = mode->key_defined && 256U * in[i * 2 + 0] + in[i * 2 + 1] == mode->key_r ? 0 : 255;
+      }
+    } else {
+      unsigned highest = ((1U << mode->bitdepth) - 1U); /*highest possible value for this bit depth*/
+      size_t j = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        unsigned value = readBitsFromReversedStream(&j, in, mode->bitdepth);
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = (value * 255) / highest;
+        buffer[3] = mode->key_defined && value == mode->key_r ? 0 : 255;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        lodepng_memcpy(buffer, &in[i * 3], 3);
+        buffer[3] = 255;
+      }
+      if(mode->key_defined) {
+        buffer -= numpixels * num_channels;
+        for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+          if(buffer[0] == mode->key_r && buffer[1]== mode->key_g && buffer[2] == mode->key_b) buffer[3] = 0;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = in[i * 6 + 0];
+        buffer[1] = in[i * 6 + 2];
+        buffer[2] = in[i * 6 + 4];
+        buffer[3] = mode->key_defined
+           && 256U * in[i * 6 + 0] + in[i * 6 + 1] == mode->key_r
+           && 256U * in[i * 6 + 2] + in[i * 6 + 3] == mode->key_g
+           && 256U * in[i * 6 + 4] + in[i * 6 + 5] == mode->key_b ? 0 : 255;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        unsigned index = in[i];
+        /*out of bounds of palette not checked: see lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette.*/
+        lodepng_memcpy(buffer, &mode->palette[index * 4], 4);
+      }
+    } else {
+      size_t j = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        unsigned index = readBitsFromReversedStream(&j, in, mode->bitdepth);
+        /*out of bounds of palette not checked: see lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette.*/
+        lodepng_memcpy(buffer, &mode->palette[index * 4], 4);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i * 2 + 0];
+        buffer[3] = in[i * 2 + 1];
+      }
+    } else {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i * 4 + 0];
+        buffer[3] = in[i * 4 + 2];
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      lodepng_memcpy(buffer, in, numpixels * 4);
+    } else {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = in[i * 8 + 0];
+        buffer[1] = in[i * 8 + 2];
+        buffer[2] = in[i * 8 + 4];
+        buffer[3] = in[i * 8 + 6];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*Similar to getPixelColorsRGBA8, but with 3-channel RGB output.*/
+static void getPixelColorsRGB8(unsigned char* LODEPNG_RESTRICT buffer, size_t numpixels,
+                               const unsigned char* LODEPNG_RESTRICT in,
+                               const LodePNGColorMode* mode) {
+  const unsigned num_channels = 3;
+  size_t i;
+  if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i];
+      }
+    } else if(mode->bitdepth == 16) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i * 2];
+      }
+    } else {
+      unsigned highest = ((1U << mode->bitdepth) - 1U); /*highest possible value for this bit depth*/
+      size_t j = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        unsigned value = readBitsFromReversedStream(&j, in, mode->bitdepth);
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = (value * 255) / highest;
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      lodepng_memcpy(buffer, in, numpixels * 3);
+    } else {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = in[i * 6 + 0];
+        buffer[1] = in[i * 6 + 2];
+        buffer[2] = in[i * 6 + 4];
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        unsigned index = in[i];
+        /*out of bounds of palette not checked: see lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette.*/
+        lodepng_memcpy(buffer, &mode->palette[index * 4], 3);
+      }
+    } else {
+      size_t j = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        unsigned index = readBitsFromReversedStream(&j, in, mode->bitdepth);
+        /*out of bounds of palette not checked: see lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette.*/
+        lodepng_memcpy(buffer, &mode->palette[index * 4], 3);
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i * 2 + 0];
+      }
+    } else {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = buffer[1] = buffer[2] = in[i * 4 + 0];
+      }
+    }
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    if(mode->bitdepth == 8) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        lodepng_memcpy(buffer, &in[i * 4], 3);
+      }
+    } else {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i, buffer += num_channels) {
+        buffer[0] = in[i * 8 + 0];
+        buffer[1] = in[i * 8 + 2];
+        buffer[2] = in[i * 8 + 4];
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*Get RGBA16 color of pixel with index i (y * width + x) from the raw image with
+given color type, but the given color type must be 16-bit itself.*/
+static void getPixelColorRGBA16(unsigned short* r, unsigned short* g, unsigned short* b, unsigned short* a,
+                                const unsigned char* in, size_t i, const LodePNGColorMode* mode) {
+  if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    *r = *g = *b = 256 * in[i * 2 + 0] + in[i * 2 + 1];
+    if(mode->key_defined && 256U * in[i * 2 + 0] + in[i * 2 + 1] == mode->key_r) *a = 0;
+    else *a = 65535;
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    *r = 256u * in[i * 6 + 0] + in[i * 6 + 1];
+    *g = 256u * in[i * 6 + 2] + in[i * 6 + 3];
+    *b = 256u * in[i * 6 + 4] + in[i * 6 + 5];
+    if(mode->key_defined
+       && 256u * in[i * 6 + 0] + in[i * 6 + 1] == mode->key_r
+       && 256u * in[i * 6 + 2] + in[i * 6 + 3] == mode->key_g
+       && 256u * in[i * 6 + 4] + in[i * 6 + 5] == mode->key_b) *a = 0;
+    else *a = 65535;
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    *r = *g = *b = 256u * in[i * 4 + 0] + in[i * 4 + 1];
+    *a = 256u * in[i * 4 + 2] + in[i * 4 + 3];
+  } else if(mode->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    *r = 256u * in[i * 8 + 0] + in[i * 8 + 1];
+    *g = 256u * in[i * 8 + 2] + in[i * 8 + 3];
+    *b = 256u * in[i * 8 + 4] + in[i * 8 + 5];
+    *a = 256u * in[i * 8 + 6] + in[i * 8 + 7];
+  }
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_convert(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in,
+                         const LodePNGColorMode* mode_out, const LodePNGColorMode* mode_in,
+                         unsigned w, unsigned h) {
+  size_t i;
+  ColorTree tree;
+  size_t numpixels = (size_t)w * (size_t)h;
+  unsigned error = 0;
+
+  if(mode_in->colortype == LCT_PALETTE && !mode_in->palette) {
+    return 107; /* error: must provide palette if input mode is palette */
+  }
+
+  if(lodepng_color_mode_equal(mode_out, mode_in)) {
+    size_t numbytes = lodepng_get_raw_size(w, h, mode_in);
+    lodepng_memcpy(out, in, numbytes);
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  if(mode_out->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    size_t palettesize = mode_out->palettesize;
+    const unsigned char* palette = mode_out->palette;
+    size_t palsize = (size_t)1u << mode_out->bitdepth;
+    /*if the user specified output palette but did not give the values, assume
+    they want the values of the input color type (assuming that one is palette).
+    Note that we never create a new palette ourselves.*/
+    if(palettesize == 0) {
+      palettesize = mode_in->palettesize;
+      palette = mode_in->palette;
+      /*if the input was also palette with same bitdepth, then the color types are also
+      equal, so copy literally. This to preserve the exact indices that were in the PNG
+      even in case there are duplicate colors in the palette.*/
+      if(mode_in->colortype == LCT_PALETTE && mode_in->bitdepth == mode_out->bitdepth) {
+        size_t numbytes = lodepng_get_raw_size(w, h, mode_in);
+        lodepng_memcpy(out, in, numbytes);
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    if(palettesize < palsize) palsize = palettesize;
+    color_tree_init(&tree);
+    for(i = 0; i != palsize; ++i) {
+      const unsigned char* p = &palette[i * 4];
+      error = color_tree_add(&tree, p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3], (unsigned)i);
+      if(error) break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(!error) {
+    if(mode_in->bitdepth == 16 && mode_out->bitdepth == 16) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i) {
+        unsigned short r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, a = 0;
+        getPixelColorRGBA16(&r, &g, &b, &a, in, i, mode_in);
+        rgba16ToPixel(out, i, mode_out, r, g, b, a);
+      }
+    } else if(mode_out->bitdepth == 8 && mode_out->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+      getPixelColorsRGBA8(out, numpixels, in, mode_in);
+    } else if(mode_out->bitdepth == 8 && mode_out->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+      getPixelColorsRGB8(out, numpixels, in, mode_in);
+    } else {
+      unsigned char r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, a = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i) {
+        getPixelColorRGBA8(&r, &g, &b, &a, in, i, mode_in);
+        error = rgba8ToPixel(out, i, mode_out, &tree, r, g, b, a);
+        if(error) break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(mode_out->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    color_tree_cleanup(&tree);
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+
+/* Converts a single rgb color without alpha from one type to another, color bits truncated to
+their bitdepth. In case of single channel (gray or palette), only the r channel is used. Slow
+function, do not use to process all pixels of an image. Alpha channel not supported on purpose:
+this is for bKGD, supporting alpha may prevent it from finding a color in the palette, from the
+specification it looks like bKGD should ignore the alpha values of the palette since it can use
+any palette index but doesn't have an alpha channel. Idem with ignoring color key. */
+unsigned lodepng_convert_rgb(
+    unsigned* r_out, unsigned* g_out, unsigned* b_out,
+    unsigned r_in, unsigned g_in, unsigned b_in,
+    const LodePNGColorMode* mode_out, const LodePNGColorMode* mode_in) {
+  unsigned r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
+  unsigned mul = 65535 / ((1u << mode_in->bitdepth) - 1u); /*65535, 21845, 4369, 257, 1*/
+  unsigned shift = 16 - mode_out->bitdepth;
+
+  if(mode_in->colortype == LCT_GREY || mode_in->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    r = g = b = r_in * mul;
+  } else if(mode_in->colortype == LCT_RGB || mode_in->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    r = r_in * mul;
+    g = g_in * mul;
+    b = b_in * mul;
+  } else if(mode_in->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    if(r_in >= mode_in->palettesize) return 82;
+    r = mode_in->palette[r_in * 4 + 0] * 257u;
+    g = mode_in->palette[r_in * 4 + 1] * 257u;
+    b = mode_in->palette[r_in * 4 + 2] * 257u;
+  } else {
+    return 31;
+  }
+
+  /* now convert to output format */
+  if(mode_out->colortype == LCT_GREY || mode_out->colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    *r_out = r >> shift ;
+  } else if(mode_out->colortype == LCT_RGB || mode_out->colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    *r_out = r >> shift ;
+    *g_out = g >> shift ;
+    *b_out = b >> shift ;
+  } else if(mode_out->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    unsigned i;
+    /* a 16-bit color cannot be in the palette */
+    if((r >> 8) != (r & 255) || (g >> 8) != (g & 255) || (b >> 8) != (b & 255)) return 82;
+    for(i = 0; i < mode_out->palettesize; i++) {
+      unsigned j = i * 4;
+      if((r >> 8) == mode_out->palette[j + 0] && (g >> 8) == mode_out->palette[j + 1] &&
+          (b >> 8) == mode_out->palette[j + 2]) {
+        *r_out = i;
+        return 0;
+      }
+    }
+    return 82;
+  } else {
+    return 31;
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+
+void lodepng_color_stats_init(LodePNGColorStats* stats) {
+  /*stats*/
+  stats->colored = 0;
+  stats->key = 0;
+  stats->key_r = stats->key_g = stats->key_b = 0;
+  stats->alpha = 0;
+  stats->numcolors = 0;
+  stats->bits = 1;
+  stats->numpixels = 0;
+  /*settings*/
+  stats->allow_palette = 1;
+  stats->allow_greyscale = 1;
+}
+
+/*function used for debug purposes with C++*/
+/*void printColorStats(LodePNGColorStats* p) {
+  std::cout << "colored: " << (int)p->colored << ", ";
+  std::cout << "key: " << (int)p->key << ", ";
+  std::cout << "key_r: " << (int)p->key_r << ", ";
+  std::cout << "key_g: " << (int)p->key_g << ", ";
+  std::cout << "key_b: " << (int)p->key_b << ", ";
+  std::cout << "alpha: " << (int)p->alpha << ", ";
+  std::cout << "numcolors: " << (int)p->numcolors << ", ";
+  std::cout << "bits: " << (int)p->bits << std::endl;
+}*/
+
+/*Returns how many bits needed to represent given value (max 8 bit)*/
+static unsigned getValueRequiredBits(unsigned char value) {
+  if(value == 0 || value == 255) return 1;
+  /*The scaling of 2-bit and 4-bit values uses multiples of 85 and 17*/
+  if(value % 17 == 0) return value % 85 == 0 ? 2 : 4;
+  return 8;
+}
+
+/*stats must already have been inited. */
+unsigned lodepng_compute_color_stats(LodePNGColorStats* stats,
+                                     const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                                     const LodePNGColorMode* mode_in) {
+  size_t i;
+  ColorTree tree;
+  size_t numpixels = (size_t)w * (size_t)h;
+  unsigned error = 0;
+
+  /* mark things as done already if it would be impossible to have a more expensive case */
+  unsigned colored_done = lodepng_is_greyscale_type(mode_in) ? 1 : 0;
+  unsigned alpha_done = lodepng_can_have_alpha(mode_in) ? 0 : 1;
+  unsigned numcolors_done = 0;
+  unsigned bpp = lodepng_get_bpp(mode_in);
+  unsigned bits_done = (stats->bits == 1 && bpp == 1) ? 1 : 0;
+  unsigned sixteen = 0; /* whether the input image is 16 bit */
+  unsigned maxnumcolors = 257;
+  if(bpp <= 8) maxnumcolors = LODEPNG_MIN(257, stats->numcolors + (1u << bpp));
+
+  stats->numpixels += numpixels;
+
+  /*if palette not allowed, no need to compute numcolors*/
+  if(!stats->allow_palette) numcolors_done = 1;
+
+  color_tree_init(&tree);
+
+  /*If the stats was already filled in from previous data, fill its palette in tree
+  and mark things as done already if we know they are the most expensive case already*/
+  if(stats->alpha) alpha_done = 1;
+  if(stats->colored) colored_done = 1;
+  if(stats->bits == 16) numcolors_done = 1;
+  if(stats->bits >= bpp) bits_done = 1;
+  if(stats->numcolors >= maxnumcolors) numcolors_done = 1;
+
+  if(!numcolors_done) {
+    for(i = 0; i < stats->numcolors; i++) {
+      const unsigned char* color = &stats->palette[i * 4];
+      error = color_tree_add(&tree, color[0], color[1], color[2], color[3], i);
+      if(error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /*Check if the 16-bit input is truly 16-bit*/
+  if(mode_in->bitdepth == 16 && !sixteen) {
+    unsigned short r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, a = 0;
+    for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i) {
+      getPixelColorRGBA16(&r, &g, &b, &a, in, i, mode_in);
+      if((r & 255) != ((r >> 8) & 255) || (g & 255) != ((g >> 8) & 255) ||
+         (b & 255) != ((b >> 8) & 255) || (a & 255) != ((a >> 8) & 255)) /*first and second byte differ*/ {
+        stats->bits = 16;
+        sixteen = 1;
+        bits_done = 1;
+        numcolors_done = 1; /*counting colors no longer useful, palette doesn't support 16-bit*/
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(sixteen) {
+    unsigned short r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, a = 0;
+
+    for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i) {
+      getPixelColorRGBA16(&r, &g, &b, &a, in, i, mode_in);
+
+      if(!colored_done && (r != g || r != b)) {
+        stats->colored = 1;
+        colored_done = 1;
+      }
+
+      if(!alpha_done) {
+        unsigned matchkey = (r == stats->key_r && g == stats->key_g && b == stats->key_b);
+        if(a != 65535 && (a != 0 || (stats->key && !matchkey))) {
+          stats->alpha = 1;
+          stats->key = 0;
+          alpha_done = 1;
+        } else if(a == 0 && !stats->alpha && !stats->key) {
+          stats->key = 1;
+          stats->key_r = r;
+          stats->key_g = g;
+          stats->key_b = b;
+        } else if(a == 65535 && stats->key && matchkey) {
+          /* Color key cannot be used if an opaque pixel also has that RGB color. */
+          stats->alpha = 1;
+          stats->key = 0;
+          alpha_done = 1;
+        }
+      }
+      if(alpha_done && numcolors_done && colored_done && bits_done) break;
+    }
+
+    if(stats->key && !stats->alpha) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i) {
+        getPixelColorRGBA16(&r, &g, &b, &a, in, i, mode_in);
+        if(a != 0 && r == stats->key_r && g == stats->key_g && b == stats->key_b) {
+          /* Color key cannot be used if an opaque pixel also has that RGB color. */
+          stats->alpha = 1;
+          stats->key = 0;
+          alpha_done = 1;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else /* < 16-bit */ {
+    unsigned char r = 0, g = 0, b = 0, a = 0;
+    for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i) {
+      getPixelColorRGBA8(&r, &g, &b, &a, in, i, mode_in);
+
+      if(!bits_done && stats->bits < 8) {
+        /*only r is checked, < 8 bits is only relevant for grayscale*/
+        unsigned bits = getValueRequiredBits(r);
+        if(bits > stats->bits) stats->bits = bits;
+      }
+      bits_done = (stats->bits >= bpp);
+
+      if(!colored_done && (r != g || r != b)) {
+        stats->colored = 1;
+        colored_done = 1;
+        if(stats->bits < 8) stats->bits = 8; /*PNG has no colored modes with less than 8-bit per channel*/
+      }
+
+      if(!alpha_done) {
+        unsigned matchkey = (r == stats->key_r && g == stats->key_g && b == stats->key_b);
+        if(a != 255 && (a != 0 || (stats->key && !matchkey))) {
+          stats->alpha = 1;
+          stats->key = 0;
+          alpha_done = 1;
+          if(stats->bits < 8) stats->bits = 8; /*PNG has no alphachannel modes with less than 8-bit per channel*/
+        } else if(a == 0 && !stats->alpha && !stats->key) {
+          stats->key = 1;
+          stats->key_r = r;
+          stats->key_g = g;
+          stats->key_b = b;
+        } else if(a == 255 && stats->key && matchkey) {
+          /* Color key cannot be used if an opaque pixel also has that RGB color. */
+          stats->alpha = 1;
+          stats->key = 0;
+          alpha_done = 1;
+          if(stats->bits < 8) stats->bits = 8; /*PNG has no alphachannel modes with less than 8-bit per channel*/
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(!numcolors_done) {
+        if(!color_tree_has(&tree, r, g, b, a)) {
+          error = color_tree_add(&tree, r, g, b, a, stats->numcolors);
+          if(error) goto cleanup;
+          if(stats->numcolors < 256) {
+            unsigned char* p = stats->palette;
+            unsigned n = stats->numcolors;
+            p[n * 4 + 0] = r;
+            p[n * 4 + 1] = g;
+            p[n * 4 + 2] = b;
+            p[n * 4 + 3] = a;
+          }
+          ++stats->numcolors;
+          numcolors_done = stats->numcolors >= maxnumcolors;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if(alpha_done && numcolors_done && colored_done && bits_done) break;
+    }
+
+    if(stats->key && !stats->alpha) {
+      for(i = 0; i != numpixels; ++i) {
+        getPixelColorRGBA8(&r, &g, &b, &a, in, i, mode_in);
+        if(a != 0 && r == stats->key_r && g == stats->key_g && b == stats->key_b) {
+          /* Color key cannot be used if an opaque pixel also has that RGB color. */
+          stats->alpha = 1;
+          stats->key = 0;
+          alpha_done = 1;
+          if(stats->bits < 8) stats->bits = 8; /*PNG has no alphachannel modes with less than 8-bit per channel*/
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    /*make the stats's key always 16-bit for consistency - repeat each byte twice*/
+    stats->key_r += (stats->key_r << 8);
+    stats->key_g += (stats->key_g << 8);
+    stats->key_b += (stats->key_b << 8);
+  }
+
+cleanup:
+  color_tree_cleanup(&tree);
+  return error;
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+/*Adds a single color to the color stats. The stats must already have been inited. The color must be given as 16-bit
+(with 2 bytes repeating for 8-bit and 65535 for opaque alpha channel). This function is expensive, do not call it for
+all pixels of an image but only for a few additional values. */
+static unsigned lodepng_color_stats_add(LodePNGColorStats* stats,
+                                        unsigned r, unsigned g, unsigned b, unsigned a) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned char image[8];
+  LodePNGColorMode mode;
+  lodepng_color_mode_init(&mode);
+  image[0] = r >> 8; image[1] = r; image[2] = g >> 8; image[3] = g;
+  image[4] = b >> 8; image[5] = b; image[6] = a >> 8; image[7] = a;
+  mode.bitdepth = 16;
+  mode.colortype = LCT_RGBA;
+  error = lodepng_compute_color_stats(stats, image, 1, 1, &mode);
+  lodepng_color_mode_cleanup(&mode);
+  return error;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+/*Computes a minimal PNG color model that can contain all colors as indicated by the stats.
+The stats should be computed with lodepng_compute_color_stats.
+mode_in is raw color profile of the image the stats were computed on, to copy palette order from when relevant.
+Minimal PNG color model means the color type and bit depth that gives smallest amount of bits in the output image,
+e.g. gray if only grayscale pixels, palette if less than 256 colors, color key if only single transparent color, ...
+This is used if auto_convert is enabled (it is by default).
+*/
+static unsigned auto_choose_color(LodePNGColorMode* mode_out,
+                                  const LodePNGColorMode* mode_in,
+                                  const LodePNGColorStats* stats) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned palettebits;
+  size_t i, n;
+  size_t numpixels = stats->numpixels;
+  unsigned palette_ok, gray_ok;
+
+  unsigned alpha = stats->alpha;
+  unsigned key = stats->key;
+  unsigned bits = stats->bits;
+
+  mode_out->key_defined = 0;
+
+  if(key && numpixels <= 16) {
+    alpha = 1; /*too few pixels to justify tRNS chunk overhead*/
+    key = 0;
+    if(bits < 8) bits = 8; /*PNG has no alphachannel modes with less than 8-bit per channel*/
+  }
+
+  gray_ok = !stats->colored;
+  if(!stats->allow_greyscale) gray_ok = 0;
+  if(!gray_ok && bits < 8) bits = 8;
+
+  n = stats->numcolors;
+  palettebits = n <= 2 ? 1 : (n <= 4 ? 2 : (n <= 16 ? 4 : 8));
+  palette_ok = n <= 256 && bits <= 8 && n != 0; /*n==0 means likely numcolors wasn't computed*/
+  if(numpixels < n * 2) palette_ok = 0; /*don't add palette overhead if image has only a few pixels*/
+  if(gray_ok && !alpha && bits <= palettebits) palette_ok = 0; /*gray is less overhead*/
+  if(!stats->allow_palette) palette_ok = 0;
+
+  if(palette_ok) {
+    const unsigned char* p = stats->palette;
+    lodepng_palette_clear(mode_out); /*remove potential earlier palette*/
+    for(i = 0; i != stats->numcolors; ++i) {
+      error = lodepng_palette_add(mode_out, p[i * 4 + 0], p[i * 4 + 1], p[i * 4 + 2], p[i * 4 + 3]);
+      if(error) break;
+    }
+
+    mode_out->colortype = LCT_PALETTE;
+    mode_out->bitdepth = palettebits;
+
+    if(mode_in->colortype == LCT_PALETTE && mode_in->palettesize >= mode_out->palettesize
+        && mode_in->bitdepth == mode_out->bitdepth) {
+      /*If input should have same palette colors, keep original to preserve its order and prevent conversion*/
+      lodepng_color_mode_cleanup(mode_out);
+      lodepng_color_mode_copy(mode_out, mode_in);
+    }
+  } else /*8-bit or 16-bit per channel*/ {
+    mode_out->bitdepth = bits;
+    mode_out->colortype = alpha ? (gray_ok ? LCT_GREY_ALPHA : LCT_RGBA)
+                                : (gray_ok ? LCT_GREY : LCT_RGB);
+    if(key) {
+      unsigned mask = (1u << mode_out->bitdepth) - 1u; /*stats always uses 16-bit, mask converts it*/
+      mode_out->key_r = stats->key_r & mask;
+      mode_out->key_g = stats->key_g & mask;
+      mode_out->key_b = stats->key_b & mask;
+      mode_out->key_defined = 1;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+#endif /* #ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER */
+
+/*
+Paeth predictor, used by PNG filter type 4
+The parameters are of type short, but should come from unsigned chars, the shorts
+are only needed to make the paeth calculation correct.
+*/
+static unsigned char paethPredictor(short a, short b, short c) {
+  short pa = LODEPNG_ABS(b - c);
+  short pb = LODEPNG_ABS(a - c);
+  short pc = LODEPNG_ABS(a + b - c - c);
+  /* return input value associated with smallest of pa, pb, pc (with certain priority if equal) */
+  if(pb < pa) { a = b; pa = pb; }
+  return (pc < pa) ? c : a;
+}
+
+/*shared values used by multiple Adam7 related functions*/
+
+static const unsigned ADAM7_IX[7] = { 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0 }; /*x start values*/
+static const unsigned ADAM7_IY[7] = { 0, 0, 4, 0, 2, 0, 1 }; /*y start values*/
+static const unsigned ADAM7_DX[7] = { 8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2, 1 }; /*x delta values*/
+static const unsigned ADAM7_DY[7] = { 8, 8, 8, 4, 4, 2, 2 }; /*y delta values*/
+
+/*
+Outputs various dimensions and positions in the image related to the Adam7 reduced images.
+passw: output containing the width of the 7 passes
+passh: output containing the height of the 7 passes
+filter_passstart: output containing the index of the start and end of each
+ reduced image with filter bytes
+padded_passstart output containing the index of the start and end of each
+ reduced image when without filter bytes but with padded scanlines
+passstart: output containing the index of the start and end of each reduced
+ image without padding between scanlines, but still padding between the images
+w, h: width and height of non-interlaced image
+bpp: bits per pixel
+"padded" is only relevant if bpp is less than 8 and a scanline or image does not
+ end at a full byte
+*/
+static void Adam7_getpassvalues(unsigned passw[7], unsigned passh[7], size_t filter_passstart[8],
+                                size_t padded_passstart[8], size_t passstart[8], unsigned w, unsigned h, unsigned bpp) {
+  /*the passstart values have 8 values: the 8th one indicates the byte after the end of the 7th (= last) pass*/
+  unsigned i;
+
+  /*calculate width and height in pixels of each pass*/
+  for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+    passw[i] = (w + ADAM7_DX[i] - ADAM7_IX[i] - 1) / ADAM7_DX[i];
+    passh[i] = (h + ADAM7_DY[i] - ADAM7_IY[i] - 1) / ADAM7_DY[i];
+    if(passw[i] == 0) passh[i] = 0;
+    if(passh[i] == 0) passw[i] = 0;
+  }
+
+  filter_passstart[0] = padded_passstart[0] = passstart[0] = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+    /*if passw[i] is 0, it's 0 bytes, not 1 (no filtertype-byte)*/
+    filter_passstart[i + 1] = filter_passstart[i]
+                            + ((passw[i] && passh[i]) ? passh[i] * (1u + (passw[i] * bpp + 7u) / 8u) : 0);
+    /*bits padded if needed to fill full byte at end of each scanline*/
+    padded_passstart[i + 1] = padded_passstart[i] + passh[i] * ((passw[i] * bpp + 7u) / 8u);
+    /*only padded at end of reduced image*/
+    passstart[i + 1] = passstart[i] + (passh[i] * passw[i] * bpp + 7u) / 8u;
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / PNG Decoder                                                            / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+/*read the information from the header and store it in the LodePNGInfo. return value is error*/
+unsigned lodepng_inspect(unsigned* w, unsigned* h, LodePNGState* state,
+                         const unsigned char* in, size_t insize) {
+  unsigned width, height;
+  LodePNGInfo* info = &state->info_png;
+  if(insize == 0 || in == 0) {
+    CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 48); /*error: the given data is empty*/
+  }
+  if(insize < 33) {
+    CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 27); /*error: the data length is smaller than the length of a PNG header*/
+  }
+
+  /*when decoding a new PNG image, make sure all parameters created after previous decoding are reset*/
+  /* TODO: remove this. One should use a new LodePNGState for new sessions */
+  lodepng_info_cleanup(info);
+  lodepng_info_init(info);
+
+  if(in[0] != 137 || in[1] != 80 || in[2] != 78 || in[3] != 71
+     || in[4] != 13 || in[5] != 10 || in[6] != 26 || in[7] != 10) {
+    CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 28); /*error: the first 8 bytes are not the correct PNG signature*/
+  }
+  if(lodepng_chunk_length(in + 8) != 13) {
+    CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 94); /*error: header size must be 13 bytes*/
+  }
+  if(!lodepng_chunk_type_equals(in + 8, "IHDR")) {
+    CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 29); /*error: it doesn't start with a IHDR chunk!*/
+  }
+
+  /*read the values given in the header*/
+  width = lodepng_read32bitInt(&in[16]);
+  height = lodepng_read32bitInt(&in[20]);
+  /*TODO: remove the undocumented feature that allows to give null pointers to width or height*/
+  if(w) *w = width;
+  if(h) *h = height;
+  info->color.bitdepth = in[24];
+  info->color.colortype = (LodePNGColorType)in[25];
+  info->compression_method = in[26];
+  info->filter_method = in[27];
+  info->interlace_method = in[28];
+
+  /*errors returned only after the parsing so other values are still output*/
+
+  /*error: invalid image size*/
+  if(width == 0 || height == 0) CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 93);
+  /*error: invalid colortype or bitdepth combination*/
+  state->error = checkColorValidity(info->color.colortype, info->color.bitdepth);
+  if(state->error) return state->error;
+  /*error: only compression method 0 is allowed in the specification*/
+  if(info->compression_method != 0) CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 32);
+  /*error: only filter method 0 is allowed in the specification*/
+  if(info->filter_method != 0) CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 33);
+  /*error: only interlace methods 0 and 1 exist in the specification*/
+  if(info->interlace_method > 1) CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 34);
+
+  if(!state->decoder.ignore_crc) {
+    unsigned CRC = lodepng_read32bitInt(&in[29]);
+    unsigned checksum = lodepng_crc32(&in[12], 17);
+    if(CRC != checksum) {
+      CERROR_RETURN_ERROR(state->error, 57); /*invalid CRC*/
+    }
+  }
+
+  return state->error;
+}
+
+static unsigned unfilterScanline(unsigned char* recon, const unsigned char* scanline, const unsigned char* precon,
+                                 size_t bytewidth, unsigned char filterType, size_t length) {
+  /*
+  For PNG filter method 0
+  unfilter a PNG image scanline by scanline. when the pixels are smaller than 1 byte,
+  the filter works byte per byte (bytewidth = 1)
+  precon is the previous unfiltered scanline, recon the result, scanline the current one
+  the incoming scanlines do NOT include the filtertype byte, that one is given in the parameter filterType instead
+  recon and scanline MAY be the same memory address! precon must be disjoint.
+  */
+
+  size_t i;
+  switch(filterType) {
+    case 0:
+      for(i = 0; i != length; ++i) recon[i] = scanline[i];
+      break;
+    case 1: {
+      size_t j = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) recon[i] = scanline[i];
+      for(i = bytewidth; i != length; ++i, ++j) recon[i] = scanline[i] + recon[j];
+      break;
+    }
+    case 2:
+      if(precon) {
+        for(i = 0; i != length; ++i) recon[i] = scanline[i] + precon[i];
+      } else {
+        for(i = 0; i != length; ++i) recon[i] = scanline[i];
+      }
+      break;
+    case 3:
+      if(precon) {
+        size_t j = 0;
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) recon[i] = scanline[i] + (precon[i] >> 1u);
+        /* Unroll independent paths of this predictor. A 6x and 8x version is also possible but that adds
+        too much code. Whether this speeds up anything depends on compiler and settings. */
+        if(bytewidth >= 4) {
+          for(; i + 3 < length; i += 4, j += 4) {
+            unsigned char s0 = scanline[i + 0], s1 = scanline[i + 1], s2 = scanline[i + 2], s3 = scanline[i + 3];
+            unsigned char r0 = recon[j + 0], r1 = recon[j + 1], r2 = recon[j + 2], r3 = recon[j + 3];
+            unsigned char p0 = precon[i + 0], p1 = precon[i + 1], p2 = precon[i + 2], p3 = precon[i + 3];
+            recon[i + 0] = s0 + ((r0 + p0) >> 1u);
+            recon[i + 1] = s1 + ((r1 + p1) >> 1u);
+            recon[i + 2] = s2 + ((r2 + p2) >> 1u);
+            recon[i + 3] = s3 + ((r3 + p3) >> 1u);
+          }
+        } else if(bytewidth >= 3) {
+          for(; i + 2 < length; i += 3, j += 3) {
+            unsigned char s0 = scanline[i + 0], s1 = scanline[i + 1], s2 = scanline[i + 2];
+            unsigned char r0 = recon[j + 0], r1 = recon[j + 1], r2 = recon[j + 2];
+            unsigned char p0 = precon[i + 0], p1 = precon[i + 1], p2 = precon[i + 2];
+            recon[i + 0] = s0 + ((r0 + p0) >> 1u);
+            recon[i + 1] = s1 + ((r1 + p1) >> 1u);
+            recon[i + 2] = s2 + ((r2 + p2) >> 1u);
+          }
+        } else if(bytewidth >= 2) {
+          for(; i + 1 < length; i += 2, j += 2) {
+            unsigned char s0 = scanline[i + 0], s1 = scanline[i + 1];
+            unsigned char r0 = recon[j + 0], r1 = recon[j + 1];
+            unsigned char p0 = precon[i + 0], p1 = precon[i + 1];
+            recon[i + 0] = s0 + ((r0 + p0) >> 1u);
+            recon[i + 1] = s1 + ((r1 + p1) >> 1u);
+          }
+        }
+        for(; i != length; ++i, ++j) recon[i] = scanline[i] + ((recon[j] + precon[i]) >> 1u);
+      } else {
+        size_t j = 0;
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) recon[i] = scanline[i];
+        for(i = bytewidth; i != length; ++i, ++j) recon[i] = scanline[i] + (recon[j] >> 1u);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 4:
+      if(precon) {
+        size_t j = 0;
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) {
+          recon[i] = (scanline[i] + precon[i]); /*paethPredictor(0, precon[i], 0) is always precon[i]*/
+        }
+
+        /* Unroll independent paths of the paeth predictor. A 6x and 8x version is also possible but that
+        adds too much code. Whether this speeds up anything depends on compiler and settings. */
+        if(bytewidth >= 4) {
+          for(; i + 3 < length; i += 4, j += 4) {
+            unsigned char s0 = scanline[i + 0], s1 = scanline[i + 1], s2 = scanline[i + 2], s3 = scanline[i + 3];
+            unsigned char r0 = recon[j + 0], r1 = recon[j + 1], r2 = recon[j + 2], r3 = recon[j + 3];
+            unsigned char p0 = precon[i + 0], p1 = precon[i + 1], p2 = precon[i + 2], p3 = precon[i + 3];
+            unsigned char q0 = precon[j + 0], q1 = precon[j + 1], q2 = precon[j + 2], q3 = precon[j + 3];
+            recon[i + 0] = s0 + paethPredictor(r0, p0, q0);
+            recon[i + 1] = s1 + paethPredictor(r1, p1, q1);
+            recon[i + 2] = s2 + paethPredictor(r2, p2, q2);
+            recon[i + 3] = s3 + paethPredictor(r3, p3, q3);
+          }
+        } else if(bytewidth >= 3) {
+          for(; i + 2 < length; i += 3, j += 3) {
+            unsigned char s0 = scanline[i + 0], s1 = scanline[i + 1], s2 = scanline[i + 2];
+            unsigned char r0 = recon[j + 0], r1 = recon[j + 1], r2 = recon[j + 2];
+            unsigned char p0 = precon[i + 0], p1 = precon[i + 1], p2 = precon[i + 2];
+            unsigned char q0 = precon[j + 0], q1 = precon[j + 1], q2 = precon[j + 2];
+            recon[i + 0] = s0 + paethPredictor(r0, p0, q0);
+            recon[i + 1] = s1 + paethPredictor(r1, p1, q1);
+            recon[i + 2] = s2 + paethPredictor(r2, p2, q2);
+          }
+        } else if(bytewidth >= 2) {
+          for(; i + 1 < length; i += 2, j += 2) {
+            unsigned char s0 = scanline[i + 0], s1 = scanline[i + 1];
+            unsigned char r0 = recon[j + 0], r1 = recon[j + 1];
+            unsigned char p0 = precon[i + 0], p1 = precon[i + 1];
+            unsigned char q0 = precon[j + 0], q1 = precon[j + 1];
+            recon[i + 0] = s0 + paethPredictor(r0, p0, q0);
+            recon[i + 1] = s1 + paethPredictor(r1, p1, q1);
+          }
+        }
+
+        for(; i != length; ++i, ++j) {
+          recon[i] = (scanline[i] + paethPredictor(recon[i - bytewidth], precon[i], precon[j]));
+        }
+      } else {
+        size_t j = 0;
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) {
+          recon[i] = scanline[i];
+        }
+        for(i = bytewidth; i != length; ++i, ++j) {
+          /*paethPredictor(recon[i - bytewidth], 0, 0) is always recon[i - bytewidth]*/
+          recon[i] = (scanline[i] + recon[j]);
+        }
+      }
+      break;
+    default: return 36; /*error: invalid filter type given*/
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned unfilter(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h, unsigned bpp) {
+  /*
+  For PNG filter method 0
+  this function unfilters a single image (e.g. without interlacing this is called once, with Adam7 seven times)
+  out must have enough bytes allocated already, in must have the scanlines + 1 filtertype byte per scanline
+  w and h are image dimensions or dimensions of reduced image, bpp is bits per pixel
+  in and out are allowed to be the same memory address (but aren't the same size since in has the extra filter bytes)
+  */
+
+  unsigned y;
+  unsigned char* prevline = 0;
+
+  /*bytewidth is used for filtering, is 1 when bpp < 8, number of bytes per pixel otherwise*/
+  size_t bytewidth = (bpp + 7u) / 8u;
+  /*the width of a scanline in bytes, not including the filter type*/
+  size_t linebytes = lodepng_get_raw_size_idat(w, 1, bpp) - 1u;
+
+  for(y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+    size_t outindex = linebytes * y;
+    size_t inindex = (1 + linebytes) * y; /*the extra filterbyte added to each row*/
+    unsigned char filterType = in[inindex];
+
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(unfilterScanline(&out[outindex], &in[inindex + 1], prevline, bytewidth, filterType, linebytes));
+
+    prevline = &out[outindex];
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/*
+in: Adam7 interlaced image, with no padding bits between scanlines, but between
+ reduced images so that each reduced image starts at a byte.
+out: the same pixels, but re-ordered so that they're now a non-interlaced image with size w*h
+bpp: bits per pixel
+out has the following size in bits: w * h * bpp.
+in is possibly bigger due to padding bits between reduced images.
+out must be big enough AND must be 0 everywhere if bpp < 8 in the current implementation
+(because that's likely a little bit faster)
+NOTE: comments about padding bits are only relevant if bpp < 8
+*/
+static void Adam7_deinterlace(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h, unsigned bpp) {
+  unsigned passw[7], passh[7];
+  size_t filter_passstart[8], padded_passstart[8], passstart[8];
+  unsigned i;
+
+  Adam7_getpassvalues(passw, passh, filter_passstart, padded_passstart, passstart, w, h, bpp);
+
+  if(bpp >= 8) {
+    for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+      unsigned x, y, b;
+      size_t bytewidth = bpp / 8u;
+      for(y = 0; y < passh[i]; ++y)
+      for(x = 0; x < passw[i]; ++x) {
+        size_t pixelinstart = passstart[i] + (y * passw[i] + x) * bytewidth;
+        size_t pixeloutstart = ((ADAM7_IY[i] + (size_t)y * ADAM7_DY[i]) * (size_t)w
+                             + ADAM7_IX[i] + (size_t)x * ADAM7_DX[i]) * bytewidth;
+        for(b = 0; b < bytewidth; ++b) {
+          out[pixeloutstart + b] = in[pixelinstart + b];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else /*bpp < 8: Adam7 with pixels < 8 bit is a bit trickier: with bit pointers*/ {
+    for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+      unsigned x, y, b;
+      unsigned ilinebits = bpp * passw[i];
+      unsigned olinebits = bpp * w;
+      size_t obp, ibp; /*bit pointers (for out and in buffer)*/
+      for(y = 0; y < passh[i]; ++y)
+      for(x = 0; x < passw[i]; ++x) {
+        ibp = (8 * passstart[i]) + (y * ilinebits + x * bpp);
+        obp = (ADAM7_IY[i] + (size_t)y * ADAM7_DY[i]) * olinebits + (ADAM7_IX[i] + (size_t)x * ADAM7_DX[i]) * bpp;
+        for(b = 0; b < bpp; ++b) {
+          unsigned char bit = readBitFromReversedStream(&ibp, in);
+          setBitOfReversedStream(&obp, out, bit);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+static void removePaddingBits(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in,
+                              size_t olinebits, size_t ilinebits, unsigned h) {
+  /*
+  After filtering there are still padding bits if scanlines have non multiple of 8 bit amounts. They need
+  to be removed (except at last scanline of (Adam7-reduced) image) before working with pure image buffers
+  for the Adam7 code, the color convert code and the output to the user.
+  in and out are allowed to be the same buffer, in may also be higher but still overlapping; in must
+  have >= ilinebits*h bits, out must have >= olinebits*h bits, olinebits must be <= ilinebits
+  also used to move bits after earlier such operations happened, e.g. in a sequence of reduced images from Adam7
+  only useful if (ilinebits - olinebits) is a value in the range 1..7
+  */
+  unsigned y;
+  size_t diff = ilinebits - olinebits;
+  size_t ibp = 0, obp = 0; /*input and output bit pointers*/
+  for(y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+    size_t x;
+    for(x = 0; x < olinebits; ++x) {
+      unsigned char bit = readBitFromReversedStream(&ibp, in);
+      setBitOfReversedStream(&obp, out, bit);
+    }
+    ibp += diff;
+  }
+}
+
+/*out must be buffer big enough to contain full image, and in must contain the full decompressed data from
+the IDAT chunks (with filter index bytes and possible padding bits)
+return value is error*/
+static unsigned postProcessScanlines(unsigned char* out, unsigned char* in,
+                                     unsigned w, unsigned h, const LodePNGInfo* info_png) {
+  /*
+  This function converts the filtered-padded-interlaced data into pure 2D image buffer with the PNG's colortype.
+  Steps:
+  *) if no Adam7: 1) unfilter 2) remove padding bits (= possible extra bits per scanline if bpp < 8)
+  *) if adam7: 1) 7x unfilter 2) 7x remove padding bits 3) Adam7_deinterlace
+  NOTE: the in buffer will be overwritten with intermediate data!
+  */
+  unsigned bpp = lodepng_get_bpp(&info_png->color);
+  if(bpp == 0) return 31; /*error: invalid colortype*/
+
+  if(info_png->interlace_method == 0) {
+    if(bpp < 8 && w * bpp != ((w * bpp + 7u) / 8u) * 8u) {
+      CERROR_TRY_RETURN(unfilter(in, in, w, h, bpp));
+      removePaddingBits(out, in, w * bpp, ((w * bpp + 7u) / 8u) * 8u, h);
+    }
+    /*we can immediately filter into the out buffer, no other steps needed*/
+    else CERROR_TRY_RETURN(unfilter(out, in, w, h, bpp));
+  } else /*interlace_method is 1 (Adam7)*/ {
+    unsigned passw[7], passh[7]; size_t filter_passstart[8], padded_passstart[8], passstart[8];
+    unsigned i;
+
+    Adam7_getpassvalues(passw, passh, filter_passstart, padded_passstart, passstart, w, h, bpp);
+
+    for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+      CERROR_TRY_RETURN(unfilter(&in[padded_passstart[i]], &in[filter_passstart[i]], passw[i], passh[i], bpp));
+      /*TODO: possible efficiency improvement: if in this reduced image the bits fit nicely in 1 scanline,
+      move bytes instead of bits or move not at all*/
+      if(bpp < 8) {
+        /*remove padding bits in scanlines; after this there still may be padding
+        bits between the different reduced images: each reduced image still starts nicely at a byte*/
+        removePaddingBits(&in[passstart[i]], &in[padded_passstart[i]], passw[i] * bpp,
+                          ((passw[i] * bpp + 7u) / 8u) * 8u, passh[i]);
+      }
+    }
+
+    Adam7_deinterlace(out, in, w, h, bpp);
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_PLTE(LodePNGColorMode* color, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  unsigned pos = 0, i;
+  color->palettesize = chunkLength / 3u;
+  if(color->palettesize == 0 || color->palettesize > 256) return 38; /*error: palette too small or big*/
+  lodepng_color_mode_alloc_palette(color);
+  if(!color->palette && color->palettesize) {
+    color->palettesize = 0;
+    return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  }
+
+  for(i = 0; i != color->palettesize; ++i) {
+    color->palette[4 * i + 0] = data[pos++]; /*R*/
+    color->palette[4 * i + 1] = data[pos++]; /*G*/
+    color->palette[4 * i + 2] = data[pos++]; /*B*/
+    color->palette[4 * i + 3] = 255; /*alpha*/
+  }
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_tRNS(LodePNGColorMode* color, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  unsigned i;
+  if(color->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    /*error: more alpha values given than there are palette entries*/
+    if(chunkLength > color->palettesize) return 39;
+
+    for(i = 0; i != chunkLength; ++i) color->palette[4 * i + 3] = data[i];
+  } else if(color->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    /*error: this chunk must be 2 bytes for grayscale image*/
+    if(chunkLength != 2) return 30;
+
+    color->key_defined = 1;
+    color->key_r = color->key_g = color->key_b = 256u * data[0] + data[1];
+  } else if(color->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    /*error: this chunk must be 6 bytes for RGB image*/
+    if(chunkLength != 6) return 41;
+
+    color->key_defined = 1;
+    color->key_r = 256u * data[0] + data[1];
+    color->key_g = 256u * data[2] + data[3];
+    color->key_b = 256u * data[4] + data[5];
+  }
+  else return 42; /*error: tRNS chunk not allowed for other color models*/
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+/*background color chunk (bKGD)*/
+static unsigned readChunk_bKGD(LodePNGInfo* info, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  if(info->color.colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    /*error: this chunk must be 1 byte for indexed color image*/
+    if(chunkLength != 1) return 43;
+
+    /*error: invalid palette index, or maybe this chunk appeared before PLTE*/
+    if(data[0] >= info->color.palettesize) return 103;
+
+    info->background_defined = 1;
+    info->background_r = info->background_g = info->background_b = data[0];
+  } else if(info->color.colortype == LCT_GREY || info->color.colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    /*error: this chunk must be 2 bytes for grayscale image*/
+    if(chunkLength != 2) return 44;
+
+    /*the values are truncated to bitdepth in the PNG file*/
+    info->background_defined = 1;
+    info->background_r = info->background_g = info->background_b = 256u * data[0] + data[1];
+  } else if(info->color.colortype == LCT_RGB || info->color.colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    /*error: this chunk must be 6 bytes for grayscale image*/
+    if(chunkLength != 6) return 45;
+
+    /*the values are truncated to bitdepth in the PNG file*/
+    info->background_defined = 1;
+    info->background_r = 256u * data[0] + data[1];
+    info->background_g = 256u * data[2] + data[3];
+    info->background_b = 256u * data[4] + data[5];
+  }
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+/*text chunk (tEXt)*/
+static unsigned readChunk_tEXt(LodePNGInfo* info, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  char *key = 0, *str = 0;
+
+  while(!error) /*not really a while loop, only used to break on error*/ {
+    unsigned length, string2_begin;
+
+    length = 0;
+    while(length < chunkLength && data[length] != 0) ++length;
+    /*even though it's not allowed by the standard, no error is thrown if
+    there's no null termination char, if the text is empty*/
+    if(length < 1 || length > 79) CERROR_BREAK(error, 89); /*keyword too short or long*/
+
+    key = (char*)lodepng_malloc(length + 1);
+    if(!key) CERROR_BREAK(error, 83); /*alloc fail*/
+
+    lodepng_memcpy(key, data, length);
+    key[length] = 0;
+
+    string2_begin = length + 1; /*skip keyword null terminator*/
+
+    length = (unsigned)(chunkLength < string2_begin ? 0 : chunkLength - string2_begin);
+    str = (char*)lodepng_malloc(length + 1);
+    if(!str) CERROR_BREAK(error, 83); /*alloc fail*/
+
+    lodepng_memcpy(str, data + string2_begin, length);
+    str[length] = 0;
+
+    error = lodepng_add_text(info, key, str);
+
+    break;
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(key);
+  lodepng_free(str);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*compressed text chunk (zTXt)*/
+static unsigned readChunk_zTXt(LodePNGInfo* info, const LodePNGDecoderSettings* decoder,
+                               const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+
+  /*copy the object to change parameters in it*/
+  LodePNGDecompressSettings zlibsettings = decoder->zlibsettings;
+
+  unsigned length, string2_begin;
+  char *key = 0;
+  unsigned char* str = 0;
+  size_t size = 0;
+
+  while(!error) /*not really a while loop, only used to break on error*/ {
+    for(length = 0; length < chunkLength && data[length] != 0; ++length) ;
+    if(length + 2 >= chunkLength) CERROR_BREAK(error, 75); /*no null termination, corrupt?*/
+    if(length < 1 || length > 79) CERROR_BREAK(error, 89); /*keyword too short or long*/
+
+    key = (char*)lodepng_malloc(length + 1);
+    if(!key) CERROR_BREAK(error, 83); /*alloc fail*/
+
+    lodepng_memcpy(key, data, length);
+    key[length] = 0;
+
+    if(data[length + 1] != 0) CERROR_BREAK(error, 72); /*the 0 byte indicating compression must be 0*/
+
+    string2_begin = length + 2;
+    if(string2_begin > chunkLength) CERROR_BREAK(error, 75); /*no null termination, corrupt?*/
+
+    length = (unsigned)chunkLength - string2_begin;
+    zlibsettings.max_output_size = decoder->max_text_size;
+    /*will fail if zlib error, e.g. if length is too small*/
+    error = zlib_decompress(&str, &size, 0, &data[string2_begin],
+                            length, &zlibsettings);
+    /*error: compressed text larger than  decoder->max_text_size*/
+    if(error && size > zlibsettings.max_output_size) error = 112;
+    if(error) break;
+    error = lodepng_add_text_sized(info, key, (char*)str, size);
+    break;
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(key);
+  lodepng_free(str);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*international text chunk (iTXt)*/
+static unsigned readChunk_iTXt(LodePNGInfo* info, const LodePNGDecoderSettings* decoder,
+                               const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned i;
+
+  /*copy the object to change parameters in it*/
+  LodePNGDecompressSettings zlibsettings = decoder->zlibsettings;
+
+  unsigned length, begin, compressed;
+  char *key = 0, *langtag = 0, *transkey = 0;
+
+  while(!error) /*not really a while loop, only used to break on error*/ {
+    /*Quick check if the chunk length isn't too small. Even without check
+    it'd still fail with other error checks below if it's too short. This just gives a different error code.*/
+    if(chunkLength < 5) CERROR_BREAK(error, 30); /*iTXt chunk too short*/
+
+    /*read the key*/
+    for(length = 0; length < chunkLength && data[length] != 0; ++length) ;
+    if(length + 3 >= chunkLength) CERROR_BREAK(error, 75); /*no null termination char, corrupt?*/
+    if(length < 1 || length > 79) CERROR_BREAK(error, 89); /*keyword too short or long*/
+
+    key = (char*)lodepng_malloc(length + 1);
+    if(!key) CERROR_BREAK(error, 83); /*alloc fail*/
+
+    lodepng_memcpy(key, data, length);
+    key[length] = 0;
+
+    /*read the compression method*/
+    compressed = data[length + 1];
+    if(data[length + 2] != 0) CERROR_BREAK(error, 72); /*the 0 byte indicating compression must be 0*/
+
+    /*even though it's not allowed by the standard, no error is thrown if
+    there's no null termination char, if the text is empty for the next 3 texts*/
+
+    /*read the langtag*/
+    begin = length + 3;
+    length = 0;
+    for(i = begin; i < chunkLength && data[i] != 0; ++i) ++length;
+
+    langtag = (char*)lodepng_malloc(length + 1);
+    if(!langtag) CERROR_BREAK(error, 83); /*alloc fail*/
+
+    lodepng_memcpy(langtag, data + begin, length);
+    langtag[length] = 0;
+
+    /*read the transkey*/
+    begin += length + 1;
+    length = 0;
+    for(i = begin; i < chunkLength && data[i] != 0; ++i) ++length;
+
+    transkey = (char*)lodepng_malloc(length + 1);
+    if(!transkey) CERROR_BREAK(error, 83); /*alloc fail*/
+
+    lodepng_memcpy(transkey, data + begin, length);
+    transkey[length] = 0;
+
+    /*read the actual text*/
+    begin += length + 1;
+
+    length = (unsigned)chunkLength < begin ? 0 : (unsigned)chunkLength - begin;
+
+    if(compressed) {
+      unsigned char* str = 0;
+      size_t size = 0;
+      zlibsettings.max_output_size = decoder->max_text_size;
+      /*will fail if zlib error, e.g. if length is too small*/
+      error = zlib_decompress(&str, &size, 0, &data[begin],
+                              length, &zlibsettings);
+      /*error: compressed text larger than  decoder->max_text_size*/
+      if(error && size > zlibsettings.max_output_size) error = 112;
+      if(!error) error = lodepng_add_itext_sized(info, key, langtag, transkey, (char*)str, size);
+      lodepng_free(str);
+    } else {
+      error = lodepng_add_itext_sized(info, key, langtag, transkey, (char*)(data + begin), length);
+    }
+
+    break;
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(key);
+  lodepng_free(langtag);
+  lodepng_free(transkey);
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_tIME(LodePNGInfo* info, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  if(chunkLength != 7) return 73; /*invalid tIME chunk size*/
+
+  info->time_defined = 1;
+  info->time.year = 256u * data[0] + data[1];
+  info->time.month = data[2];
+  info->time.day = data[3];
+  info->time.hour = data[4];
+  info->time.minute = data[5];
+  info->time.second = data[6];
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_pHYs(LodePNGInfo* info, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  if(chunkLength != 9) return 74; /*invalid pHYs chunk size*/
+
+  info->phys_defined = 1;
+  info->phys_x = 16777216u * data[0] + 65536u * data[1] + 256u * data[2] + data[3];
+  info->phys_y = 16777216u * data[4] + 65536u * data[5] + 256u * data[6] + data[7];
+  info->phys_unit = data[8];
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_gAMA(LodePNGInfo* info, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  if(chunkLength != 4) return 96; /*invalid gAMA chunk size*/
+
+  info->gama_defined = 1;
+  info->gama_gamma = 16777216u * data[0] + 65536u * data[1] + 256u * data[2] + data[3];
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_cHRM(LodePNGInfo* info, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  if(chunkLength != 32) return 97; /*invalid cHRM chunk size*/
+
+  info->chrm_defined = 1;
+  info->chrm_white_x = 16777216u * data[ 0] + 65536u * data[ 1] + 256u * data[ 2] + data[ 3];
+  info->chrm_white_y = 16777216u * data[ 4] + 65536u * data[ 5] + 256u * data[ 6] + data[ 7];
+  info->chrm_red_x   = 16777216u * data[ 8] + 65536u * data[ 9] + 256u * data[10] + data[11];
+  info->chrm_red_y   = 16777216u * data[12] + 65536u * data[13] + 256u * data[14] + data[15];
+  info->chrm_green_x = 16777216u * data[16] + 65536u * data[17] + 256u * data[18] + data[19];
+  info->chrm_green_y = 16777216u * data[20] + 65536u * data[21] + 256u * data[22] + data[23];
+  info->chrm_blue_x  = 16777216u * data[24] + 65536u * data[25] + 256u * data[26] + data[27];
+  info->chrm_blue_y  = 16777216u * data[28] + 65536u * data[29] + 256u * data[30] + data[31];
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_sRGB(LodePNGInfo* info, const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  if(chunkLength != 1) return 98; /*invalid sRGB chunk size (this one is never ignored)*/
+
+  info->srgb_defined = 1;
+  info->srgb_intent = data[0];
+
+  return 0; /* OK */
+}
+
+static unsigned readChunk_iCCP(LodePNGInfo* info, const LodePNGDecoderSettings* decoder,
+                               const unsigned char* data, size_t chunkLength) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned i;
+  size_t size = 0;
+  /*copy the object to change parameters in it*/
+  LodePNGDecompressSettings zlibsettings = decoder->zlibsettings;
+
+  unsigned length, string2_begin;
+
+  info->iccp_defined = 1;
+  if(info->iccp_name) lodepng_clear_icc(info);
+
+  for(length = 0; length < chunkLength && data[length] != 0; ++length) ;
+  if(length + 2 >= chunkLength) return 75; /*no null termination, corrupt?*/
+  if(length < 1 || length > 79) return 89; /*keyword too short or long*/
+
+  info->iccp_name = (char*)lodepng_malloc(length + 1);
+  if(!info->iccp_name) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+  info->iccp_name[length] = 0;
+  for(i = 0; i != length; ++i) info->iccp_name[i] = (char)data[i];
+
+  if(data[length + 1] != 0) return 72; /*the 0 byte indicating compression must be 0*/
+
+  string2_begin = length + 2;
+  if(string2_begin > chunkLength) return 75; /*no null termination, corrupt?*/
+
+  length = (unsigned)chunkLength - string2_begin;
+  zlibsettings.max_output_size = decoder->max_icc_size;
+  error = zlib_decompress(&info->iccp_profile, &size, 0,
+                          &data[string2_begin],
+                          length, &zlibsettings);
+  /*error: ICC profile larger than  decoder->max_icc_size*/
+  if(error && size > zlibsettings.max_output_size) error = 113;
+  info->iccp_profile_size = size;
+  if(!error && !info->iccp_profile_size) error = 100; /*invalid ICC profile size*/
+  return error;
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+unsigned lodepng_inspect_chunk(LodePNGState* state, size_t pos,
+                               const unsigned char* in, size_t insize) {
+  const unsigned char* chunk = in + pos;
+  unsigned chunkLength;
+  const unsigned char* data;
+  unsigned unhandled = 0;
+  unsigned error = 0;
+
+  if(pos + 4 > insize) return 30;
+  chunkLength = lodepng_chunk_length(chunk);
+  if(chunkLength > 2147483647) return 63;
+  data = lodepng_chunk_data_const(chunk);
+  if(data + chunkLength + 4 > in + insize) return 30;
+
+  if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "PLTE")) {
+    error = readChunk_PLTE(&state->info_png.color, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "tRNS")) {
+    error = readChunk_tRNS(&state->info_png.color, data, chunkLength);
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "bKGD")) {
+    error = readChunk_bKGD(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "tEXt")) {
+    error = readChunk_tEXt(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "zTXt")) {
+    error = readChunk_zTXt(&state->info_png, &state->decoder, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "iTXt")) {
+    error = readChunk_iTXt(&state->info_png, &state->decoder, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "tIME")) {
+    error = readChunk_tIME(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "pHYs")) {
+    error = readChunk_pHYs(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "gAMA")) {
+    error = readChunk_gAMA(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "cHRM")) {
+    error = readChunk_cHRM(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "sRGB")) {
+    error = readChunk_sRGB(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+  } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "iCCP")) {
+    error = readChunk_iCCP(&state->info_png, &state->decoder, data, chunkLength);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+  } else {
+    /* unhandled chunk is ok (is not an error) */
+    unhandled = 1;
+  }
+
+  if(!error && !unhandled && !state->decoder.ignore_crc) {
+    if(lodepng_chunk_check_crc(chunk)) return 57; /*invalid CRC*/
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+/*read a PNG, the result will be in the same color type as the PNG (hence "generic")*/
+static void decodeGeneric(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                          LodePNGState* state,
+                          const unsigned char* in, size_t insize) {
+  unsigned char IEND = 0;
+  const unsigned char* chunk;
+  unsigned char* idat; /*the data from idat chunks, zlib compressed*/
+  size_t idatsize = 0;
+  unsigned char* scanlines = 0;
+  size_t scanlines_size = 0, expected_size = 0;
+  size_t outsize = 0;
+
+  /*for unknown chunk order*/
+  unsigned unknown = 0;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  unsigned critical_pos = 1; /*1 = after IHDR, 2 = after PLTE, 3 = after IDAT*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+
+  /* safe output values in case error happens */
+  *out = 0;
+  *w = *h = 0;
+
+  state->error = lodepng_inspect(w, h, state, in, insize); /*reads header and resets other parameters in state->info_png*/
+  if(state->error) return;
+
+  if(lodepng_pixel_overflow(*w, *h, &state->info_png.color, &state->info_raw)) {
+    CERROR_RETURN(state->error, 92); /*overflow possible due to amount of pixels*/
+  }
+
+  /*the input filesize is a safe upper bound for the sum of idat chunks size*/
+  idat = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(insize);
+  if(!idat) CERROR_RETURN(state->error, 83); /*alloc fail*/
+
+  chunk = &in[33]; /*first byte of the first chunk after the header*/
+
+  /*loop through the chunks, ignoring unknown chunks and stopping at IEND chunk.
+  IDAT data is put at the start of the in buffer*/
+  while(!IEND && !state->error) {
+    unsigned chunkLength;
+    const unsigned char* data; /*the data in the chunk*/
+
+    /*error: size of the in buffer too small to contain next chunk*/
+    if((size_t)((chunk - in) + 12) > insize || chunk < in) {
+      if(state->decoder.ignore_end) break; /*other errors may still happen though*/
+      CERROR_BREAK(state->error, 30);
+    }
+
+    /*length of the data of the chunk, excluding the length bytes, chunk type and CRC bytes*/
+    chunkLength = lodepng_chunk_length(chunk);
+    /*error: chunk length larger than the max PNG chunk size*/
+    if(chunkLength > 2147483647) {
+      if(state->decoder.ignore_end) break; /*other errors may still happen though*/
+      CERROR_BREAK(state->error, 63);
+    }
+
+    if((size_t)((chunk - in) + chunkLength + 12) > insize || (chunk + chunkLength + 12) < in) {
+      CERROR_BREAK(state->error, 64); /*error: size of the in buffer too small to contain next chunk*/
+    }
+
+    data = lodepng_chunk_data_const(chunk);
+
+    unknown = 0;
+
+    /*IDAT chunk, containing compressed image data*/
+    if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "IDAT")) {
+      size_t newsize;
+      if(lodepng_addofl(idatsize, chunkLength, &newsize)) CERROR_BREAK(state->error, 95);
+      if(newsize > insize) CERROR_BREAK(state->error, 95);
+      lodepng_memcpy(idat + idatsize, data, chunkLength);
+      idatsize += chunkLength;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+      critical_pos = 3;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "IEND")) {
+      /*IEND chunk*/
+      IEND = 1;
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "PLTE")) {
+      /*palette chunk (PLTE)*/
+      state->error = readChunk_PLTE(&state->info_png.color, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+      critical_pos = 2;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "tRNS")) {
+      /*palette transparency chunk (tRNS). Even though this one is an ancillary chunk , it is still compiled
+      in without 'LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS' because it contains essential color information that
+      affects the alpha channel of pixels. */
+      state->error = readChunk_tRNS(&state->info_png.color, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+      /*background color chunk (bKGD)*/
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "bKGD")) {
+      state->error = readChunk_bKGD(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "tEXt")) {
+      /*text chunk (tEXt)*/
+      if(state->decoder.read_text_chunks) {
+        state->error = readChunk_tEXt(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+        if(state->error) break;
+      }
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "zTXt")) {
+      /*compressed text chunk (zTXt)*/
+      if(state->decoder.read_text_chunks) {
+        state->error = readChunk_zTXt(&state->info_png, &state->decoder, data, chunkLength);
+        if(state->error) break;
+      }
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "iTXt")) {
+      /*international text chunk (iTXt)*/
+      if(state->decoder.read_text_chunks) {
+        state->error = readChunk_iTXt(&state->info_png, &state->decoder, data, chunkLength);
+        if(state->error) break;
+      }
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "tIME")) {
+      state->error = readChunk_tIME(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "pHYs")) {
+      state->error = readChunk_pHYs(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "gAMA")) {
+      state->error = readChunk_gAMA(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "cHRM")) {
+      state->error = readChunk_cHRM(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "sRGB")) {
+      state->error = readChunk_sRGB(&state->info_png, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+    } else if(lodepng_chunk_type_equals(chunk, "iCCP")) {
+      state->error = readChunk_iCCP(&state->info_png, &state->decoder, data, chunkLength);
+      if(state->error) break;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    } else /*it's not an implemented chunk type, so ignore it: skip over the data*/ {
+      /*error: unknown critical chunk (5th bit of first byte of chunk type is 0)*/
+      if(!state->decoder.ignore_critical && !lodepng_chunk_ancillary(chunk)) {
+        CERROR_BREAK(state->error, 69);
+      }
+
+      unknown = 1;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+      if(state->decoder.remember_unknown_chunks) {
+        state->error = lodepng_chunk_append(&state->info_png.unknown_chunks_data[critical_pos - 1],
+                                            &state->info_png.unknown_chunks_size[critical_pos - 1], chunk);
+        if(state->error) break;
+      }
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    }
+
+    if(!state->decoder.ignore_crc && !unknown) /*check CRC if wanted, only on known chunk types*/ {
+      if(lodepng_chunk_check_crc(chunk)) CERROR_BREAK(state->error, 57); /*invalid CRC*/
+    }
+
+    if(!IEND) chunk = lodepng_chunk_next_const(chunk, in + insize);
+  }
+
+  if(!state->error && state->info_png.color.colortype == LCT_PALETTE && !state->info_png.color.palette) {
+    state->error = 106; /* error: PNG file must have PLTE chunk if color type is palette */
+  }
+
+  if(!state->error) {
+    /*predict output size, to allocate exact size for output buffer to avoid more dynamic allocation.
+    If the decompressed size does not match the prediction, the image must be corrupt.*/
+    if(state->info_png.interlace_method == 0) {
+      size_t bpp = lodepng_get_bpp(&state->info_png.color);
+      expected_size = lodepng_get_raw_size_idat(*w, *h, bpp);
+    } else {
+      size_t bpp = lodepng_get_bpp(&state->info_png.color);
+      /*Adam-7 interlaced: expected size is the sum of the 7 sub-images sizes*/
+      expected_size = 0;
+      expected_size += lodepng_get_raw_size_idat((*w + 7) >> 3, (*h + 7) >> 3, bpp);
+      if(*w > 4) expected_size += lodepng_get_raw_size_idat((*w + 3) >> 3, (*h + 7) >> 3, bpp);
+      expected_size += lodepng_get_raw_size_idat((*w + 3) >> 2, (*h + 3) >> 3, bpp);
+      if(*w > 2) expected_size += lodepng_get_raw_size_idat((*w + 1) >> 2, (*h + 3) >> 2, bpp);
+      expected_size += lodepng_get_raw_size_idat((*w + 1) >> 1, (*h + 1) >> 2, bpp);
+      if(*w > 1) expected_size += lodepng_get_raw_size_idat((*w + 0) >> 1, (*h + 1) >> 1, bpp);
+      expected_size += lodepng_get_raw_size_idat((*w + 0), (*h + 0) >> 1, bpp);
+    }
+
+    state->error = zlib_decompress(&scanlines, &scanlines_size, expected_size, idat, idatsize, &state->decoder.zlibsettings);
+  }
+  if(!state->error && scanlines_size != expected_size) state->error = 91; /*decompressed size doesn't match prediction*/
+  lodepng_free(idat);
+
+  if(!state->error) {
+    outsize = lodepng_get_raw_size(*w, *h, &state->info_png.color);
+    *out = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(outsize);
+    if(!*out) state->error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  }
+  if(!state->error) {
+    lodepng_memset(*out, 0, outsize);
+    state->error = postProcessScanlines(*out, scanlines, *w, *h, &state->info_png);
+  }
+  lodepng_free(scanlines);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_decode(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                        LodePNGState* state,
+                        const unsigned char* in, size_t insize) {
+  *out = 0;
+  decodeGeneric(out, w, h, state, in, insize);
+  if(state->error) return state->error;
+  if(!state->decoder.color_convert || lodepng_color_mode_equal(&state->info_raw, &state->info_png.color)) {
+    /*same color type, no copying or converting of data needed*/
+    /*store the info_png color settings on the info_raw so that the info_raw still reflects what colortype
+    the raw image has to the end user*/
+    if(!state->decoder.color_convert) {
+      state->error = lodepng_color_mode_copy(&state->info_raw, &state->info_png.color);
+      if(state->error) return state->error;
+    }
+  } else { /*color conversion needed*/
+    unsigned char* data = *out;
+    size_t outsize;
+
+    /*TODO: check if this works according to the statement in the documentation: "The converter can convert
+    from grayscale input color type, to 8-bit grayscale or grayscale with alpha"*/
+    if(!(state->info_raw.colortype == LCT_RGB || state->info_raw.colortype == LCT_RGBA)
+       && !(state->info_raw.bitdepth == 8)) {
+      return 56; /*unsupported color mode conversion*/
+    }
+
+    outsize = lodepng_get_raw_size(*w, *h, &state->info_raw);
+    *out = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(outsize);
+    if(!(*out)) {
+      state->error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+    }
+    else state->error = lodepng_convert(*out, data, &state->info_raw,
+                                        &state->info_png.color, *w, *h);
+    lodepng_free(data);
+  }
+  return state->error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_decode_memory(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h, const unsigned char* in,
+                               size_t insize, LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  unsigned error;
+  LodePNGState state;
+  lodepng_state_init(&state);
+  state.info_raw.colortype = colortype;
+  state.info_raw.bitdepth = bitdepth;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  /*disable reading things that this function doesn't output*/
+  state.decoder.read_text_chunks = 0;
+  state.decoder.remember_unknown_chunks = 0;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+  error = lodepng_decode(out, w, h, &state, in, insize);
+  lodepng_state_cleanup(&state);
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_decode32(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize) {
+  return lodepng_decode_memory(out, w, h, in, insize, LCT_RGBA, 8);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_decode24(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize) {
+  return lodepng_decode_memory(out, w, h, in, insize, LCT_RGB, 8);
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+unsigned lodepng_decode_file(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h, const char* filename,
+                             LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  unsigned char* buffer = 0;
+  size_t buffersize;
+  unsigned error;
+  /* safe output values in case error happens */
+  *out = 0;
+  *w = *h = 0;
+  error = lodepng_load_file(&buffer, &buffersize, filename);
+  if(!error) error = lodepng_decode_memory(out, w, h, buffer, buffersize, colortype, bitdepth);
+  lodepng_free(buffer);
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_decode32_file(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h, const char* filename) {
+  return lodepng_decode_file(out, w, h, filename, LCT_RGBA, 8);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_decode24_file(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h, const char* filename) {
+  return lodepng_decode_file(out, w, h, filename, LCT_RGB, 8);
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK*/
+
+void lodepng_decoder_settings_init(LodePNGDecoderSettings* settings) {
+  settings->color_convert = 1;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  settings->read_text_chunks = 1;
+  settings->remember_unknown_chunks = 0;
+  settings->max_text_size = 16777216;
+  settings->max_icc_size = 16777216; /* 16MB is much more than enough for any reasonable ICC profile */
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+  settings->ignore_crc = 0;
+  settings->ignore_critical = 0;
+  settings->ignore_end = 0;
+  lodepng_decompress_settings_init(&settings->zlibsettings);
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#if defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER)
+
+void lodepng_state_init(LodePNGState* state) {
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+  lodepng_decoder_settings_init(&state->decoder);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+  lodepng_encoder_settings_init(&state->encoder);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+  lodepng_color_mode_init(&state->info_raw);
+  lodepng_info_init(&state->info_png);
+  state->error = 1;
+}
+
+void lodepng_state_cleanup(LodePNGState* state) {
+  lodepng_color_mode_cleanup(&state->info_raw);
+  lodepng_info_cleanup(&state->info_png);
+}
+
+void lodepng_state_copy(LodePNGState* dest, const LodePNGState* source) {
+  lodepng_state_cleanup(dest);
+  *dest = *source;
+  lodepng_color_mode_init(&dest->info_raw);
+  lodepng_info_init(&dest->info_png);
+  dest->error = lodepng_color_mode_copy(&dest->info_raw, &source->info_raw); if(dest->error) return;
+  dest->error = lodepng_info_copy(&dest->info_png, &source->info_png); if(dest->error) return;
+}
+
+#endif /* defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER) */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* / PNG Encoder                                                            / */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+
+static unsigned writeSignature(ucvector* out) {
+  size_t pos = out->size;
+  const unsigned char signature[] = {137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10};
+  /*8 bytes PNG signature, aka the magic bytes*/
+  if(!ucvector_resize(out, out->size + 8)) return 83; /*alloc fail*/
+  lodepng_memcpy(out->data + pos, signature, 8);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_IHDR(ucvector* out, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                              LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth, unsigned interlace_method) {
+  unsigned char *chunk, *data;
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 13, "IHDR"));
+  data = chunk + 8;
+
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(data + 0, w); /*width*/
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(data + 4, h); /*height*/
+  data[8] = (unsigned char)bitdepth; /*bit depth*/
+  data[9] = (unsigned char)colortype; /*color type*/
+  data[10] = 0; /*compression method*/
+  data[11] = 0; /*filter method*/
+  data[12] = interlace_method; /*interlace method*/
+
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* only adds the chunk if needed (there is a key or palette with alpha) */
+static unsigned addChunk_PLTE(ucvector* out, const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  unsigned char* chunk;
+  size_t i, j = 8;
+
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, info->palettesize * 3, "PLTE"));
+
+  for(i = 0; i != info->palettesize; ++i) {
+    /*add all channels except alpha channel*/
+    chunk[j++] = info->palette[i * 4 + 0];
+    chunk[j++] = info->palette[i * 4 + 1];
+    chunk[j++] = info->palette[i * 4 + 2];
+  }
+
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_tRNS(ucvector* out, const LodePNGColorMode* info) {
+  unsigned char* chunk = 0;
+
+  if(info->colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    size_t i, amount = info->palettesize;
+    /*the tail of palette values that all have 255 as alpha, does not have to be encoded*/
+    for(i = info->palettesize; i != 0; --i) {
+      if(info->palette[4 * (i - 1) + 3] != 255) break;
+      --amount;
+    }
+    if(amount) {
+      CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, amount, "tRNS"));
+      /*add the alpha channel values from the palette*/
+      for(i = 0; i != amount; ++i) chunk[8 + i] = info->palette[4 * i + 3];
+    }
+  } else if(info->colortype == LCT_GREY) {
+    if(info->key_defined) {
+      CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 2, "tRNS"));
+      chunk[8] = (unsigned char)(info->key_r >> 8);
+      chunk[9] = (unsigned char)(info->key_r & 255);
+    }
+  } else if(info->colortype == LCT_RGB) {
+    if(info->key_defined) {
+      CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 6, "tRNS"));
+      chunk[8] = (unsigned char)(info->key_r >> 8);
+      chunk[9] = (unsigned char)(info->key_r & 255);
+      chunk[10] = (unsigned char)(info->key_g >> 8);
+      chunk[11] = (unsigned char)(info->key_g & 255);
+      chunk[12] = (unsigned char)(info->key_b >> 8);
+      chunk[13] = (unsigned char)(info->key_b & 255);
+    }
+  }
+
+  if(chunk) lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_IDAT(ucvector* out, const unsigned char* data, size_t datasize,
+                              LodePNGCompressSettings* zlibsettings) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned char* zlib = 0;
+  size_t zlibsize = 0;
+
+  error = zlib_compress(&zlib, &zlibsize, data, datasize, zlibsettings);
+  if(!error) {
+    error = lodepng_chunk_createv(out, zlibsize, "IDAT", zlib);
+  }
+  lodepng_free(zlib);
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_IEND(ucvector* out) {
+  return lodepng_chunk_createv(out, 0, "IEND", 0);
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+
+static unsigned addChunk_tEXt(ucvector* out, const char* keyword, const char* textstring) {
+  unsigned char* chunk = 0;
+  size_t keysize = lodepng_strlen(keyword), textsize = lodepng_strlen(textstring);
+  size_t size = keysize + 1 + textsize;
+  if(keysize < 1 || keysize > 79) return 89; /*error: invalid keyword size*/
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, size, "tEXt"));
+  lodepng_memcpy(chunk + 8, keyword, keysize);
+  chunk[8 + keysize] = 0; /*null termination char*/
+  lodepng_memcpy(chunk + 9 + keysize, textstring, textsize);
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_zTXt(ucvector* out, const char* keyword, const char* textstring,
+                              LodePNGCompressSettings* zlibsettings) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned char* chunk = 0;
+  unsigned char* compressed = 0;
+  size_t compressedsize = 0;
+  size_t textsize = lodepng_strlen(textstring);
+  size_t keysize = lodepng_strlen(keyword);
+  if(keysize < 1 || keysize > 79) return 89; /*error: invalid keyword size*/
+
+  error = zlib_compress(&compressed, &compressedsize,
+                        (const unsigned char*)textstring, textsize, zlibsettings);
+  if(!error) {
+    size_t size = keysize + 2 + compressedsize;
+    error = lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, size, "zTXt");
+  }
+  if(!error) {
+    lodepng_memcpy(chunk + 8, keyword, keysize);
+    chunk[8 + keysize] = 0; /*null termination char*/
+    chunk[9 + keysize] = 0; /*compression method: 0*/
+    lodepng_memcpy(chunk + 10 + keysize, compressed, compressedsize);
+    lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(compressed);
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_iTXt(ucvector* out, unsigned compress, const char* keyword, const char* langtag,
+                              const char* transkey, const char* textstring, LodePNGCompressSettings* zlibsettings) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned char* chunk = 0;
+  unsigned char* compressed = 0;
+  size_t compressedsize = 0;
+  size_t textsize = lodepng_strlen(textstring);
+  size_t keysize = lodepng_strlen(keyword), langsize = lodepng_strlen(langtag), transsize = lodepng_strlen(transkey);
+
+  if(keysize < 1 || keysize > 79) return 89; /*error: invalid keyword size*/
+
+  if(compress) {
+    error = zlib_compress(&compressed, &compressedsize,
+                          (const unsigned char*)textstring, textsize, zlibsettings);
+  }
+  if(!error) {
+    size_t size = keysize + 3 + langsize + 1 + transsize + 1 + (compress ? compressedsize : textsize);
+    error = lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, size, "iTXt");
+  }
+  if(!error) {
+    size_t pos = 8;
+    lodepng_memcpy(chunk + pos, keyword, keysize);
+    pos += keysize;
+    chunk[pos++] = 0; /*null termination char*/
+    chunk[pos++] = (compress ? 1 : 0); /*compression flag*/
+    chunk[pos++] = 0; /*compression method: 0*/
+    lodepng_memcpy(chunk + pos, langtag, langsize);
+    pos += langsize;
+    chunk[pos++] = 0; /*null termination char*/
+    lodepng_memcpy(chunk + pos, transkey, transsize);
+    pos += transsize;
+    chunk[pos++] = 0; /*null termination char*/
+    if(compress) {
+      lodepng_memcpy(chunk + pos, compressed, compressedsize);
+    } else {
+      lodepng_memcpy(chunk + pos, textstring, textsize);
+    }
+    lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(compressed);
+  return error;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_bKGD(ucvector* out, const LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  unsigned char* chunk = 0;
+  if(info->color.colortype == LCT_GREY || info->color.colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA) {
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 2, "bKGD"));
+    chunk[8] = (unsigned char)(info->background_r >> 8);
+    chunk[9] = (unsigned char)(info->background_r & 255);
+  } else if(info->color.colortype == LCT_RGB || info->color.colortype == LCT_RGBA) {
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 6, "bKGD"));
+    chunk[8] = (unsigned char)(info->background_r >> 8);
+    chunk[9] = (unsigned char)(info->background_r & 255);
+    chunk[10] = (unsigned char)(info->background_g >> 8);
+    chunk[11] = (unsigned char)(info->background_g & 255);
+    chunk[12] = (unsigned char)(info->background_b >> 8);
+    chunk[13] = (unsigned char)(info->background_b & 255);
+  } else if(info->color.colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 1, "bKGD"));
+    chunk[8] = (unsigned char)(info->background_r & 255); /*palette index*/
+  }
+  if(chunk) lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_tIME(ucvector* out, const LodePNGTime* time) {
+  unsigned char* chunk;
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 7, "tIME"));
+  chunk[8] = (unsigned char)(time->year >> 8);
+  chunk[9] = (unsigned char)(time->year & 255);
+  chunk[10] = (unsigned char)time->month;
+  chunk[11] = (unsigned char)time->day;
+  chunk[12] = (unsigned char)time->hour;
+  chunk[13] = (unsigned char)time->minute;
+  chunk[14] = (unsigned char)time->second;
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_pHYs(ucvector* out, const LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  unsigned char* chunk;
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 9, "pHYs"));
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 8, info->phys_x);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 12, info->phys_y);
+  chunk[16] = info->phys_unit;
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_gAMA(ucvector* out, const LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  unsigned char* chunk;
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 4, "gAMA"));
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 8, info->gama_gamma);
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_cHRM(ucvector* out, const LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  unsigned char* chunk;
+  CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, 32, "cHRM"));
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 8, info->chrm_white_x);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 12, info->chrm_white_y);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 16, info->chrm_red_x);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 20, info->chrm_red_y);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 24, info->chrm_green_x);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 28, info->chrm_green_y);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 32, info->chrm_blue_x);
+  lodepng_set32bitInt(chunk + 36, info->chrm_blue_y);
+  lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_sRGB(ucvector* out, const LodePNGInfo* info) {
+  unsigned char data = info->srgb_intent;
+  return lodepng_chunk_createv(out, 1, "sRGB", &data);
+}
+
+static unsigned addChunk_iCCP(ucvector* out, const LodePNGInfo* info, LodePNGCompressSettings* zlibsettings) {
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  unsigned char* chunk = 0;
+  unsigned char* compressed = 0;
+  size_t compressedsize = 0;
+  size_t keysize = lodepng_strlen(info->iccp_name);
+
+  if(keysize < 1 || keysize > 79) return 89; /*error: invalid keyword size*/
+  error = zlib_compress(&compressed, &compressedsize,
+                        info->iccp_profile, info->iccp_profile_size, zlibsettings);
+  if(!error) {
+    size_t size = keysize + 2 + compressedsize;
+    error = lodepng_chunk_init(&chunk, out, size, "iCCP");
+  }
+  if(!error) {
+    lodepng_memcpy(chunk + 8, info->iccp_name, keysize);
+    chunk[8 + keysize] = 0; /*null termination char*/
+    chunk[9 + keysize] = 0; /*compression method: 0*/
+    lodepng_memcpy(chunk + 10 + keysize, compressed, compressedsize);
+    lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(chunk);
+  }
+
+  lodepng_free(compressed);
+  return error;
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+static void filterScanline(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* scanline, const unsigned char* prevline,
+                           size_t length, size_t bytewidth, unsigned char filterType) {
+  size_t i;
+  switch(filterType) {
+    case 0: /*None*/
+      for(i = 0; i != length; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i];
+      break;
+    case 1: /*Sub*/
+      for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i];
+      for(i = bytewidth; i < length; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i] - scanline[i - bytewidth];
+      break;
+    case 2: /*Up*/
+      if(prevline) {
+        for(i = 0; i != length; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i] - prevline[i];
+      } else {
+        for(i = 0; i != length; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i];
+      }
+      break;
+    case 3: /*Average*/
+      if(prevline) {
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i] - (prevline[i] >> 1);
+        for(i = bytewidth; i < length; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i] - ((scanline[i - bytewidth] + prevline[i]) >> 1);
+      } else {
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i];
+        for(i = bytewidth; i < length; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i] - (scanline[i - bytewidth] >> 1);
+      }
+      break;
+    case 4: /*Paeth*/
+      if(prevline) {
+        /*paethPredictor(0, prevline[i], 0) is always prevline[i]*/
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) out[i] = (scanline[i] - prevline[i]);
+        for(i = bytewidth; i < length; ++i) {
+          out[i] = (scanline[i] - paethPredictor(scanline[i - bytewidth], prevline[i], prevline[i - bytewidth]));
+        }
+      } else {
+        for(i = 0; i != bytewidth; ++i) out[i] = scanline[i];
+        /*paethPredictor(scanline[i - bytewidth], 0, 0) is always scanline[i - bytewidth]*/
+        for(i = bytewidth; i < length; ++i) out[i] = (scanline[i] - scanline[i - bytewidth]);
+      }
+      break;
+    default: return; /*invalid filter type given*/
+  }
+}
+
+/* integer binary logarithm, max return value is 31 */
+static size_t ilog2(size_t i) {
+  size_t result = 0;
+  if(i >= 65536) { result += 16; i >>= 16; }
+  if(i >= 256) { result += 8; i >>= 8; }
+  if(i >= 16) { result += 4; i >>= 4; }
+  if(i >= 4) { result += 2; i >>= 2; }
+  if(i >= 2) { result += 1; /*i >>= 1;*/ }
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* integer approximation for i * log2(i), helper function for LFS_ENTROPY */
+static size_t ilog2i(size_t i) {
+  size_t l;
+  if(i == 0) return 0;
+  l = ilog2(i);
+  /* approximate i*log2(i): l is integer logarithm, ((i - (1u << l)) << 1u)
+  linearly approximates the missing fractional part multiplied by i */
+  return i * l + ((i - (1u << l)) << 1u);
+}
+
+static unsigned filter(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                       const LodePNGColorMode* color, const LodePNGEncoderSettings* settings) {
+  /*
+  For PNG filter method 0
+  out must be a buffer with as size: h + (w * h * bpp + 7u) / 8u, because there are
+  the scanlines with 1 extra byte per scanline
+  */
+
+  unsigned bpp = lodepng_get_bpp(color);
+  /*the width of a scanline in bytes, not including the filter type*/
+  size_t linebytes = lodepng_get_raw_size_idat(w, 1, bpp) - 1u;
+
+  /*bytewidth is used for filtering, is 1 when bpp < 8, number of bytes per pixel otherwise*/
+  size_t bytewidth = (bpp + 7u) / 8u;
+  const unsigned char* prevline = 0;
+  unsigned x, y;
+  unsigned error = 0;
+  LodePNGFilterStrategy strategy = settings->filter_strategy;
+
+  /*
+  There is a heuristic called the minimum sum of absolute differences heuristic, suggested by the PNG standard:
+   *  If the image type is Palette, or the bit depth is smaller than 8, then do not filter the image (i.e.
+      use fixed filtering, with the filter None).
+   * (The other case) If the image type is Grayscale or RGB (with or without Alpha), and the bit depth is
+     not smaller than 8, then use adaptive filtering heuristic as follows: independently for each row, apply
+     all five filters and select the filter that produces the smallest sum of absolute values per row.
+  This heuristic is used if filter strategy is LFS_MINSUM and filter_palette_zero is true.
+
+  If filter_palette_zero is true and filter_strategy is not LFS_MINSUM, the above heuristic is followed,
+  but for "the other case", whatever strategy filter_strategy is set to instead of the minimum sum
+  heuristic is used.
+  */
+  if(settings->filter_palette_zero &&
+     (color->colortype == LCT_PALETTE || color->bitdepth < 8)) strategy = LFS_ZERO;
+
+  if(bpp == 0) return 31; /*error: invalid color type*/
+
+  if(strategy >= LFS_ZERO && strategy <= LFS_FOUR) {
+    unsigned char type = (unsigned char)strategy;
+    for(y = 0; y != h; ++y) {
+      size_t outindex = (1 + linebytes) * y; /*the extra filterbyte added to each row*/
+      size_t inindex = linebytes * y;
+      out[outindex] = type; /*filter type byte*/
+      filterScanline(&out[outindex + 1], &in[inindex], prevline, linebytes, bytewidth, type);
+      prevline = &in[inindex];
+    }
+  } else if(strategy == LFS_MINSUM) {
+    /*adaptive filtering*/
+    unsigned char* attempt[5]; /*five filtering attempts, one for each filter type*/
+    size_t smallest = 0;
+    unsigned char type, bestType = 0;
+
+    for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) {
+      attempt[type] = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(linebytes);
+      if(!attempt[type]) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+    }
+
+    if(!error) {
+      for(y = 0; y != h; ++y) {
+        /*try the 5 filter types*/
+        for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) {
+          size_t sum = 0;
+          filterScanline(attempt[type], &in[y * linebytes], prevline, linebytes, bytewidth, type);
+
+          /*calculate the sum of the result*/
+          if(type == 0) {
+            for(x = 0; x != linebytes; ++x) sum += (unsigned char)(attempt[type][x]);
+          } else {
+            for(x = 0; x != linebytes; ++x) {
+              /*For differences, each byte should be treated as signed, values above 127 are negative
+              (converted to signed char). Filtertype 0 isn't a difference though, so use unsigned there.
+              This means filtertype 0 is almost never chosen, but that is justified.*/
+              unsigned char s = attempt[type][x];
+              sum += s < 128 ? s : (255U - s);
+            }
+          }
+
+          /*check if this is smallest sum (or if type == 0 it's the first case so always store the values)*/
+          if(type == 0 || sum < smallest) {
+            bestType = type;
+            smallest = sum;
+          }
+        }
+
+        prevline = &in[y * linebytes];
+
+        /*now fill the out values*/
+        out[y * (linebytes + 1)] = bestType; /*the first byte of a scanline will be the filter type*/
+        for(x = 0; x != linebytes; ++x) out[y * (linebytes + 1) + 1 + x] = attempt[bestType][x];
+      }
+    }
+
+    for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) lodepng_free(attempt[type]);
+  } else if(strategy == LFS_ENTROPY) {
+    unsigned char* attempt[5]; /*five filtering attempts, one for each filter type*/
+    size_t bestSum = 0;
+    unsigned type, bestType = 0;
+    unsigned count[256];
+
+    for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) {
+      attempt[type] = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(linebytes);
+      if(!attempt[type]) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+    }
+
+    if(!error) {
+      for(y = 0; y != h; ++y) {
+        /*try the 5 filter types*/
+        for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) {
+          size_t sum = 0;
+          filterScanline(attempt[type], &in[y * linebytes], prevline, linebytes, bytewidth, type);
+          lodepng_memset(count, 0, 256 * sizeof(*count));
+          for(x = 0; x != linebytes; ++x) ++count[attempt[type][x]];
+          ++count[type]; /*the filter type itself is part of the scanline*/
+          for(x = 0; x != 256; ++x) {
+            sum += ilog2i(count[x]);
+          }
+          /*check if this is smallest sum (or if type == 0 it's the first case so always store the values)*/
+          if(type == 0 || sum > bestSum) {
+            bestType = type;
+            bestSum = sum;
+          }
+        }
+
+        prevline = &in[y * linebytes];
+
+        /*now fill the out values*/
+        out[y * (linebytes + 1)] = bestType; /*the first byte of a scanline will be the filter type*/
+        for(x = 0; x != linebytes; ++x) out[y * (linebytes + 1) + 1 + x] = attempt[bestType][x];
+      }
+    }
+
+    for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) lodepng_free(attempt[type]);
+  } else if(strategy == LFS_PREDEFINED) {
+    for(y = 0; y != h; ++y) {
+      size_t outindex = (1 + linebytes) * y; /*the extra filterbyte added to each row*/
+      size_t inindex = linebytes * y;
+      unsigned char type = settings->predefined_filters[y];
+      out[outindex] = type; /*filter type byte*/
+      filterScanline(&out[outindex + 1], &in[inindex], prevline, linebytes, bytewidth, type);
+      prevline = &in[inindex];
+    }
+  } else if(strategy == LFS_BRUTE_FORCE) {
+    /*brute force filter chooser.
+    deflate the scanline after every filter attempt to see which one deflates best.
+    This is very slow and gives only slightly smaller, sometimes even larger, result*/
+    size_t size[5];
+    unsigned char* attempt[5]; /*five filtering attempts, one for each filter type*/
+    size_t smallest = 0;
+    unsigned type = 0, bestType = 0;
+    unsigned char* dummy;
+    LodePNGCompressSettings zlibsettings;
+    lodepng_memcpy(&zlibsettings, &settings->zlibsettings, sizeof(LodePNGCompressSettings));
+    /*use fixed tree on the attempts so that the tree is not adapted to the filtertype on purpose,
+    to simulate the true case where the tree is the same for the whole image. Sometimes it gives
+    better result with dynamic tree anyway. Using the fixed tree sometimes gives worse, but in rare
+    cases better compression. It does make this a bit less slow, so it's worth doing this.*/
+    zlibsettings.btype = 1;
+    /*a custom encoder likely doesn't read the btype setting and is optimized for complete PNG
+    images only, so disable it*/
+    zlibsettings.custom_zlib = 0;
+    zlibsettings.custom_deflate = 0;
+    for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) {
+      attempt[type] = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(linebytes);
+      if(!attempt[type]) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+    }
+    if(!error) {
+      for(y = 0; y != h; ++y) /*try the 5 filter types*/ {
+        for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) {
+          unsigned testsize = (unsigned)linebytes;
+          /*if(testsize > 8) testsize /= 8;*/ /*it already works good enough by testing a part of the row*/
+
+          filterScanline(attempt[type], &in[y * linebytes], prevline, linebytes, bytewidth, type);
+          size[type] = 0;
+          dummy = 0;
+          zlib_compress(&dummy, &size[type], attempt[type], testsize, &zlibsettings);
+          lodepng_free(dummy);
+          /*check if this is smallest size (or if type == 0 it's the first case so always store the values)*/
+          if(type == 0 || size[type] < smallest) {
+            bestType = type;
+            smallest = size[type];
+          }
+        }
+        prevline = &in[y * linebytes];
+        out[y * (linebytes + 1)] = bestType; /*the first byte of a scanline will be the filter type*/
+        for(x = 0; x != linebytes; ++x) out[y * (linebytes + 1) + 1 + x] = attempt[bestType][x];
+      }
+    }
+    for(type = 0; type != 5; ++type) lodepng_free(attempt[type]);
+  }
+  else return 88; /* unknown filter strategy */
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static void addPaddingBits(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in,
+                           size_t olinebits, size_t ilinebits, unsigned h) {
+  /*The opposite of the removePaddingBits function
+  olinebits must be >= ilinebits*/
+  unsigned y;
+  size_t diff = olinebits - ilinebits;
+  size_t obp = 0, ibp = 0; /*bit pointers*/
+  for(y = 0; y != h; ++y) {
+    size_t x;
+    for(x = 0; x < ilinebits; ++x) {
+      unsigned char bit = readBitFromReversedStream(&ibp, in);
+      setBitOfReversedStream(&obp, out, bit);
+    }
+    /*obp += diff; --> no, fill in some value in the padding bits too, to avoid
+    "Use of uninitialised value of size ###" warning from valgrind*/
+    for(x = 0; x != diff; ++x) setBitOfReversedStream(&obp, out, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+in: non-interlaced image with size w*h
+out: the same pixels, but re-ordered according to PNG's Adam7 interlacing, with
+ no padding bits between scanlines, but between reduced images so that each
+ reduced image starts at a byte.
+bpp: bits per pixel
+there are no padding bits, not between scanlines, not between reduced images
+in has the following size in bits: w * h * bpp.
+out is possibly bigger due to padding bits between reduced images
+NOTE: comments about padding bits are only relevant if bpp < 8
+*/
+static void Adam7_interlace(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h, unsigned bpp) {
+  unsigned passw[7], passh[7];
+  size_t filter_passstart[8], padded_passstart[8], passstart[8];
+  unsigned i;
+
+  Adam7_getpassvalues(passw, passh, filter_passstart, padded_passstart, passstart, w, h, bpp);
+
+  if(bpp >= 8) {
+    for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+      unsigned x, y, b;
+      size_t bytewidth = bpp / 8u;
+      for(y = 0; y < passh[i]; ++y)
+      for(x = 0; x < passw[i]; ++x) {
+        size_t pixelinstart = ((ADAM7_IY[i] + y * ADAM7_DY[i]) * w + ADAM7_IX[i] + x * ADAM7_DX[i]) * bytewidth;
+        size_t pixeloutstart = passstart[i] + (y * passw[i] + x) * bytewidth;
+        for(b = 0; b < bytewidth; ++b) {
+          out[pixeloutstart + b] = in[pixelinstart + b];
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } else /*bpp < 8: Adam7 with pixels < 8 bit is a bit trickier: with bit pointers*/ {
+    for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+      unsigned x, y, b;
+      unsigned ilinebits = bpp * passw[i];
+      unsigned olinebits = bpp * w;
+      size_t obp, ibp; /*bit pointers (for out and in buffer)*/
+      for(y = 0; y < passh[i]; ++y)
+      for(x = 0; x < passw[i]; ++x) {
+        ibp = (ADAM7_IY[i] + y * ADAM7_DY[i]) * olinebits + (ADAM7_IX[i] + x * ADAM7_DX[i]) * bpp;
+        obp = (8 * passstart[i]) + (y * ilinebits + x * bpp);
+        for(b = 0; b < bpp; ++b) {
+          unsigned char bit = readBitFromReversedStream(&ibp, in);
+          setBitOfReversedStream(&obp, out, bit);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/*out must be buffer big enough to contain uncompressed IDAT chunk data, and in must contain the full image.
+return value is error**/
+static unsigned preProcessScanlines(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* in,
+                                    unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                                    const LodePNGInfo* info_png, const LodePNGEncoderSettings* settings) {
+  /*
+  This function converts the pure 2D image with the PNG's colortype, into filtered-padded-interlaced data. Steps:
+  *) if no Adam7: 1) add padding bits (= possible extra bits per scanline if bpp < 8) 2) filter
+  *) if adam7: 1) Adam7_interlace 2) 7x add padding bits 3) 7x filter
+  */
+  unsigned bpp = lodepng_get_bpp(&info_png->color);
+  unsigned error = 0;
+
+  if(info_png->interlace_method == 0) {
+    *outsize = h + (h * ((w * bpp + 7u) / 8u)); /*image size plus an extra byte per scanline + possible padding bits*/
+    *out = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(*outsize);
+    if(!(*out) && (*outsize)) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+    if(!error) {
+      /*non multiple of 8 bits per scanline, padding bits needed per scanline*/
+      if(bpp < 8 && w * bpp != ((w * bpp + 7u) / 8u) * 8u) {
+        unsigned char* padded = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(h * ((w * bpp + 7u) / 8u));
+        if(!padded) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+        if(!error) {
+          addPaddingBits(padded, in, ((w * bpp + 7u) / 8u) * 8u, w * bpp, h);
+          error = filter(*out, padded, w, h, &info_png->color, settings);
+        }
+        lodepng_free(padded);
+      } else {
+        /*we can immediately filter into the out buffer, no other steps needed*/
+        error = filter(*out, in, w, h, &info_png->color, settings);
+      }
+    }
+  } else /*interlace_method is 1 (Adam7)*/ {
+    unsigned passw[7], passh[7];
+    size_t filter_passstart[8], padded_passstart[8], passstart[8];
+    unsigned char* adam7;
+
+    Adam7_getpassvalues(passw, passh, filter_passstart, padded_passstart, passstart, w, h, bpp);
+
+    *outsize = filter_passstart[7]; /*image size plus an extra byte per scanline + possible padding bits*/
+    *out = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(*outsize);
+    if(!(*out)) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+    adam7 = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(passstart[7]);
+    if(!adam7 && passstart[7]) error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+
+    if(!error) {
+      unsigned i;
+
+      Adam7_interlace(adam7, in, w, h, bpp);
+      for(i = 0; i != 7; ++i) {
+        if(bpp < 8) {
+          unsigned char* padded = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(padded_passstart[i + 1] - padded_passstart[i]);
+          if(!padded) ERROR_BREAK(83); /*alloc fail*/
+          addPaddingBits(padded, &adam7[passstart[i]],
+                         ((passw[i] * bpp + 7u) / 8u) * 8u, passw[i] * bpp, passh[i]);
+          error = filter(&(*out)[filter_passstart[i]], padded,
+                         passw[i], passh[i], &info_png->color, settings);
+          lodepng_free(padded);
+        } else {
+          error = filter(&(*out)[filter_passstart[i]], &adam7[padded_passstart[i]],
+                         passw[i], passh[i], &info_png->color, settings);
+        }
+
+        if(error) break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    lodepng_free(adam7);
+  }
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+static unsigned addUnknownChunks(ucvector* out, unsigned char* data, size_t datasize) {
+  unsigned char* inchunk = data;
+  while((size_t)(inchunk - data) < datasize) {
+    CERROR_TRY_RETURN(lodepng_chunk_append(&out->data, &out->size, inchunk));
+    out->allocsize = out->size; /*fix the allocsize again*/
+    inchunk = lodepng_chunk_next(inchunk, data + datasize);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned isGrayICCProfile(const unsigned char* profile, unsigned size) {
+  /*
+  It is a gray profile if bytes 16-19 are "GRAY", rgb profile if bytes 16-19
+  are "RGB ". We do not perform any full parsing of the ICC profile here, other
+  than check those 4 bytes to grayscale profile. Other than that, validity of
+  the profile is not checked. This is needed only because the PNG specification
+  requires using a non-gray color model if there is an ICC profile with "RGB "
+  (sadly limiting compression opportunities if the input data is grayscale RGB
+  data), and requires using a gray color model if it is "GRAY".
+  */
+  if(size < 20) return 0;
+  return profile[16] == 'G' &&  profile[17] == 'R' &&  profile[18] == 'A' &&  profile[19] == 'Y';
+}
+
+static unsigned isRGBICCProfile(const unsigned char* profile, unsigned size) {
+  /* See comment in isGrayICCProfile*/
+  if(size < 20) return 0;
+  return profile[16] == 'R' &&  profile[17] == 'G' &&  profile[18] == 'B' &&  profile[19] == ' ';
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+unsigned lodepng_encode(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                        const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                        LodePNGState* state) {
+  unsigned char* data = 0; /*uncompressed version of the IDAT chunk data*/
+  size_t datasize = 0;
+  ucvector outv = ucvector_init(NULL, 0);
+  LodePNGInfo info;
+  const LodePNGInfo* info_png = &state->info_png;
+
+  lodepng_info_init(&info);
+
+  /*provide some proper output values if error will happen*/
+  *out = 0;
+  *outsize = 0;
+  state->error = 0;
+
+  /*check input values validity*/
+  if((info_png->color.colortype == LCT_PALETTE || state->encoder.force_palette)
+      && (info_png->color.palettesize == 0 || info_png->color.palettesize > 256)) {
+    state->error = 68; /*invalid palette size, it is only allowed to be 1-256*/
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  if(state->encoder.zlibsettings.btype > 2) {
+    state->error = 61; /*error: invalid btype*/
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  if(info_png->interlace_method > 1) {
+    state->error = 71; /*error: invalid interlace mode*/
+    goto cleanup;
+  }
+  state->error = checkColorValidity(info_png->color.colortype, info_png->color.bitdepth);
+  if(state->error) goto cleanup; /*error: invalid color type given*/
+  state->error = checkColorValidity(state->info_raw.colortype, state->info_raw.bitdepth);
+  if(state->error) goto cleanup; /*error: invalid color type given*/
+
+  /* color convert and compute scanline filter types */
+  lodepng_info_copy(&info, &state->info_png);
+  if(state->encoder.auto_convert) {
+    LodePNGColorStats stats;
+    lodepng_color_stats_init(&stats);
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    if(info_png->iccp_defined &&
+        isGrayICCProfile(info_png->iccp_profile, info_png->iccp_profile_size)) {
+      /*the PNG specification does not allow to use palette with a GRAY ICC profile, even
+      if the palette has only gray colors, so disallow it.*/
+      stats.allow_palette = 0;
+    }
+    if(info_png->iccp_defined &&
+        isRGBICCProfile(info_png->iccp_profile, info_png->iccp_profile_size)) {
+      /*the PNG specification does not allow to use grayscale color with RGB ICC profile, so disallow gray.*/
+      stats.allow_greyscale = 0;
+    }
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS */
+    state->error = lodepng_compute_color_stats(&stats, image, w, h, &state->info_raw);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    if(info_png->background_defined) {
+      /*the background chunk's color must be taken into account as well*/
+      unsigned r = 0, g = 0, b = 0;
+      LodePNGColorMode mode16 = lodepng_color_mode_make(LCT_RGB, 16);
+      lodepng_convert_rgb(&r, &g, &b, info_png->background_r, info_png->background_g, info_png->background_b, &mode16, &info_png->color);
+      state->error = lodepng_color_stats_add(&stats, r, g, b, 65535);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS */
+    state->error = auto_choose_color(&info.color, &state->info_raw, &stats);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    /*also convert the background chunk*/
+    if(info_png->background_defined) {
+      if(lodepng_convert_rgb(&info.background_r, &info.background_g, &info.background_b,
+          info_png->background_r, info_png->background_g, info_png->background_b, &info.color, &info_png->color)) {
+        state->error = 104;
+        goto cleanup;
+      }
+    }
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS */
+  }
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  if(info_png->iccp_defined) {
+    unsigned gray_icc = isGrayICCProfile(info_png->iccp_profile, info_png->iccp_profile_size);
+    unsigned rgb_icc = isRGBICCProfile(info_png->iccp_profile, info_png->iccp_profile_size);
+    unsigned gray_png = info.color.colortype == LCT_GREY || info.color.colortype == LCT_GREY_ALPHA;
+    if(!gray_icc && !rgb_icc) {
+      state->error = 100; /* Disallowed profile color type for PNG */
+      goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if(gray_icc != gray_png) {
+      /*Not allowed to use RGB/RGBA/palette with GRAY ICC profile or vice versa,
+      or in case of auto_convert, it wasn't possible to find appropriate model*/
+      state->error = state->encoder.auto_convert ? 102 : 101;
+      goto cleanup;
+    }
+  }
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+  if(!lodepng_color_mode_equal(&state->info_raw, &info.color)) {
+    unsigned char* converted;
+    size_t size = ((size_t)w * (size_t)h * (size_t)lodepng_get_bpp(&info.color) + 7u) / 8u;
+
+    converted = (unsigned char*)lodepng_malloc(size);
+    if(!converted && size) state->error = 83; /*alloc fail*/
+    if(!state->error) {
+      state->error = lodepng_convert(converted, image, &info.color, &state->info_raw, w, h);
+    }
+    if(!state->error) {
+      state->error = preProcessScanlines(&data, &datasize, converted, w, h, &info, &state->encoder);
+    }
+    lodepng_free(converted);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+  } else {
+    state->error = preProcessScanlines(&data, &datasize, image, w, h, &info, &state->encoder);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+  }
+
+  /* output all PNG chunks */ {
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    size_t i;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    /*write signature and chunks*/
+    state->error = writeSignature(&outv);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    /*IHDR*/
+    state->error = addChunk_IHDR(&outv, w, h, info.color.colortype, info.color.bitdepth, info.interlace_method);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    /*unknown chunks between IHDR and PLTE*/
+    if(info.unknown_chunks_data[0]) {
+      state->error = addUnknownChunks(&outv, info.unknown_chunks_data[0], info.unknown_chunks_size[0]);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    /*color profile chunks must come before PLTE */
+    if(info.iccp_defined) {
+      state->error = addChunk_iCCP(&outv, &info, &state->encoder.zlibsettings);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if(info.srgb_defined) {
+      state->error = addChunk_sRGB(&outv, &info);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if(info.gama_defined) {
+      state->error = addChunk_gAMA(&outv, &info);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if(info.chrm_defined) {
+      state->error = addChunk_cHRM(&outv, &info);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    /*PLTE*/
+    if(info.color.colortype == LCT_PALETTE) {
+      state->error = addChunk_PLTE(&outv, &info.color);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    if(state->encoder.force_palette && (info.color.colortype == LCT_RGB || info.color.colortype == LCT_RGBA)) {
+      /*force_palette means: write suggested palette for truecolor in PLTE chunk*/
+      state->error = addChunk_PLTE(&outv, &info.color);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    /*tRNS (this will only add if when necessary) */
+    state->error = addChunk_tRNS(&outv, &info.color);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    /*bKGD (must come between PLTE and the IDAt chunks*/
+    if(info.background_defined) {
+      state->error = addChunk_bKGD(&outv, &info);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    /*pHYs (must come before the IDAT chunks)*/
+    if(info.phys_defined) {
+      state->error = addChunk_pHYs(&outv, &info);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+
+    /*unknown chunks between PLTE and IDAT*/
+    if(info.unknown_chunks_data[1]) {
+      state->error = addUnknownChunks(&outv, info.unknown_chunks_data[1], info.unknown_chunks_size[1]);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    /*IDAT (multiple IDAT chunks must be consecutive)*/
+    state->error = addChunk_IDAT(&outv, data, datasize, &state->encoder.zlibsettings);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+    /*tIME*/
+    if(info.time_defined) {
+      state->error = addChunk_tIME(&outv, &info.time);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+    /*tEXt and/or zTXt*/
+    for(i = 0; i != info.text_num; ++i) {
+      if(lodepng_strlen(info.text_keys[i]) > 79) {
+        state->error = 66; /*text chunk too large*/
+        goto cleanup;
+      }
+      if(lodepng_strlen(info.text_keys[i]) < 1) {
+        state->error = 67; /*text chunk too small*/
+        goto cleanup;
+      }
+      if(state->encoder.text_compression) {
+        state->error = addChunk_zTXt(&outv, info.text_keys[i], info.text_strings[i], &state->encoder.zlibsettings);
+        if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+      } else {
+        state->error = addChunk_tEXt(&outv, info.text_keys[i], info.text_strings[i]);
+        if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+      }
+    }
+    /*LodePNG version id in text chunk*/
+    if(state->encoder.add_id) {
+      unsigned already_added_id_text = 0;
+      for(i = 0; i != info.text_num; ++i) {
+        const char* k = info.text_keys[i];
+        /* Could use strcmp, but we're not calling or reimplementing this C library function for this use only */
+        if(k[0] == 'L' && k[1] == 'o' && k[2] == 'd' && k[3] == 'e' &&
+           k[4] == 'P' && k[5] == 'N' && k[6] == 'G' && k[7] == '\0') {
+          already_added_id_text = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+      if(already_added_id_text == 0) {
+        state->error = addChunk_tEXt(&outv, "LodePNG", LODEPNG_VERSION_STRING); /*it's shorter as tEXt than as zTXt chunk*/
+        if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+      }
+    }
+    /*iTXt*/
+    for(i = 0; i != info.itext_num; ++i) {
+      if(lodepng_strlen(info.itext_keys[i]) > 79) {
+        state->error = 66; /*text chunk too large*/
+        goto cleanup;
+      }
+      if(lodepng_strlen(info.itext_keys[i]) < 1) {
+        state->error = 67; /*text chunk too small*/
+        goto cleanup;
+      }
+      state->error = addChunk_iTXt(
+          &outv, state->encoder.text_compression,
+          info.itext_keys[i], info.itext_langtags[i], info.itext_transkeys[i], info.itext_strings[i],
+          &state->encoder.zlibsettings);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+
+    /*unknown chunks between IDAT and IEND*/
+    if(info.unknown_chunks_data[2]) {
+      state->error = addUnknownChunks(&outv, info.unknown_chunks_data[2], info.unknown_chunks_size[2]);
+      if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+    }
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+    state->error = addChunk_IEND(&outv);
+    if(state->error) goto cleanup;
+  }
+
+cleanup:
+  lodepng_info_cleanup(&info);
+  lodepng_free(data);
+
+  /*instead of cleaning the vector up, give it to the output*/
+  *out = outv.data;
+  *outsize = outv.size;
+
+  return state->error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_encode_memory(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* image,
+                               unsigned w, unsigned h, LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  unsigned error;
+  LodePNGState state;
+  lodepng_state_init(&state);
+  state.info_raw.colortype = colortype;
+  state.info_raw.bitdepth = bitdepth;
+  state.info_png.color.colortype = colortype;
+  state.info_png.color.bitdepth = bitdepth;
+  lodepng_encode(out, outsize, image, w, h, &state);
+  error = state.error;
+  lodepng_state_cleanup(&state);
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_encode32(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h) {
+  return lodepng_encode_memory(out, outsize, image, w, h, LCT_RGBA, 8);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_encode24(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h) {
+  return lodepng_encode_memory(out, outsize, image, w, h, LCT_RGB, 8);
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+unsigned lodepng_encode_file(const char* filename, const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                             LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  unsigned char* buffer;
+  size_t buffersize;
+  unsigned error = lodepng_encode_memory(&buffer, &buffersize, image, w, h, colortype, bitdepth);
+  if(!error) error = lodepng_save_file(buffer, buffersize, filename);
+  lodepng_free(buffer);
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_encode32_file(const char* filename, const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h) {
+  return lodepng_encode_file(filename, image, w, h, LCT_RGBA, 8);
+}
+
+unsigned lodepng_encode24_file(const char* filename, const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h) {
+  return lodepng_encode_file(filename, image, w, h, LCT_RGB, 8);
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK*/
+
+void lodepng_encoder_settings_init(LodePNGEncoderSettings* settings) {
+  lodepng_compress_settings_init(&settings->zlibsettings);
+  settings->filter_palette_zero = 1;
+  settings->filter_strategy = LFS_MINSUM;
+  settings->auto_convert = 1;
+  settings->force_palette = 0;
+  settings->predefined_filters = 0;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  settings->add_id = 0;
+  settings->text_compression = 1;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+}
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ERROR_TEXT
+/*
+This returns the description of a numerical error code in English. This is also
+the documentation of all the error codes.
+*/
+const char* lodepng_error_text(unsigned code) {
+  switch(code) {
+    case 0: return "no error, everything went ok";
+    case 1: return "nothing done yet"; /*the Encoder/Decoder has done nothing yet, error checking makes no sense yet*/
+    case 10: return "end of input memory reached without huffman end code"; /*while huffman decoding*/
+    case 11: return "error in code tree made it jump outside of huffman tree"; /*while huffman decoding*/
+    case 13: return "problem while processing dynamic deflate block";
+    case 14: return "problem while processing dynamic deflate block";
+    case 15: return "problem while processing dynamic deflate block";
+    /*this error could happen if there are only 0 or 1 symbols present in the huffman code:*/
+    case 16: return "invalid code while processing dynamic deflate block";
+    case 17: return "end of out buffer memory reached while inflating";
+    case 18: return "invalid distance code while inflating";
+    case 19: return "end of out buffer memory reached while inflating";
+    case 20: return "invalid deflate block BTYPE encountered while decoding";
+    case 21: return "NLEN is not ones complement of LEN in a deflate block";
+
+    /*end of out buffer memory reached while inflating:
+    This can happen if the inflated deflate data is longer than the amount of bytes required to fill up
+    all the pixels of the image, given the color depth and image dimensions. Something that doesn't
+    happen in a normal, well encoded, PNG image.*/
+    case 22: return "end of out buffer memory reached while inflating";
+    case 23: return "end of in buffer memory reached while inflating";
+    case 24: return "invalid FCHECK in zlib header";
+    case 25: return "invalid compression method in zlib header";
+    case 26: return "FDICT encountered in zlib header while it's not used for PNG";
+    case 27: return "PNG file is smaller than a PNG header";
+    /*Checks the magic file header, the first 8 bytes of the PNG file*/
+    case 28: return "incorrect PNG signature, it's no PNG or corrupted";
+    case 29: return "first chunk is not the header chunk";
+    case 30: return "chunk length too large, chunk broken off at end of file";
+    case 31: return "illegal PNG color type or bpp";
+    case 32: return "illegal PNG compression method";
+    case 33: return "illegal PNG filter method";
+    case 34: return "illegal PNG interlace method";
+    case 35: return "chunk length of a chunk is too large or the chunk too small";
+    case 36: return "illegal PNG filter type encountered";
+    case 37: return "illegal bit depth for this color type given";
+    case 38: return "the palette is too small or too big"; /*0, or more than 256 colors*/
+    case 39: return "tRNS chunk before PLTE or has more entries than palette size";
+    case 40: return "tRNS chunk has wrong size for grayscale image";
+    case 41: return "tRNS chunk has wrong size for RGB image";
+    case 42: return "tRNS chunk appeared while it was not allowed for this color type";
+    case 43: return "bKGD chunk has wrong size for palette image";
+    case 44: return "bKGD chunk has wrong size for grayscale image";
+    case 45: return "bKGD chunk has wrong size for RGB image";
+    case 48: return "empty input buffer given to decoder. Maybe caused by non-existing file?";
+    case 49: return "jumped past memory while generating dynamic huffman tree";
+    case 50: return "jumped past memory while generating dynamic huffman tree";
+    case 51: return "jumped past memory while inflating huffman block";
+    case 52: return "jumped past memory while inflating";
+    case 53: return "size of zlib data too small";
+    case 54: return "repeat symbol in tree while there was no value symbol yet";
+    /*jumped past tree while generating huffman tree, this could be when the
+    tree will have more leaves than symbols after generating it out of the
+    given lengths. They call this an oversubscribed dynamic bit lengths tree in zlib.*/
+    case 55: return "jumped past tree while generating huffman tree";
+    case 56: return "given output image colortype or bitdepth not supported for color conversion";
+    case 57: return "invalid CRC encountered (checking CRC can be disabled)";
+    case 58: return "invalid ADLER32 encountered (checking ADLER32 can be disabled)";
+    case 59: return "requested color conversion not supported";
+    case 60: return "invalid window size given in the settings of the encoder (must be 0-32768)";
+    case 61: return "invalid BTYPE given in the settings of the encoder (only 0, 1 and 2 are allowed)";
+    /*LodePNG leaves the choice of RGB to grayscale conversion formula to the user.*/
+    case 62: return "conversion from color to grayscale not supported";
+    /*(2^31-1)*/
+    case 63: return "length of a chunk too long, max allowed for PNG is 2147483647 bytes per chunk";
+    /*this would result in the inability of a deflated block to ever contain an end code. It must be at least 1.*/
+    case 64: return "the length of the END symbol 256 in the Huffman tree is 0";
+    case 66: return "the length of a text chunk keyword given to the encoder is longer than the maximum of 79 bytes";
+    case 67: return "the length of a text chunk keyword given to the encoder is smaller than the minimum of 1 byte";
+    case 68: return "tried to encode a PLTE chunk with a palette that has less than 1 or more than 256 colors";
+    case 69: return "unknown chunk type with 'critical' flag encountered by the decoder";
+    case 71: return "invalid interlace mode given to encoder (must be 0 or 1)";
+    case 72: return "while decoding, invalid compression method encountering in zTXt or iTXt chunk (it must be 0)";
+    case 73: return "invalid tIME chunk size";
+    case 74: return "invalid pHYs chunk size";
+    /*length could be wrong, or data chopped off*/
+    case 75: return "no null termination char found while decoding text chunk";
+    case 76: return "iTXt chunk too short to contain required bytes";
+    case 77: return "integer overflow in buffer size";
+    case 78: return "failed to open file for reading"; /*file doesn't exist or couldn't be opened for reading*/
+    case 79: return "failed to open file for writing";
+    case 80: return "tried creating a tree of 0 symbols";
+    case 81: return "lazy matching at pos 0 is impossible";
+    case 82: return "color conversion to palette requested while a color isn't in palette, or index out of bounds";
+    case 83: return "memory allocation failed";
+    case 84: return "given image too small to contain all pixels to be encoded";
+    case 86: return "impossible offset in lz77 encoding (internal bug)";
+    case 87: return "must provide custom zlib function pointer if LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB is not defined";
+    case 88: return "invalid filter strategy given for LodePNGEncoderSettings.filter_strategy";
+    case 89: return "text chunk keyword too short or long: must have size 1-79";
+    /*the windowsize in the LodePNGCompressSettings. Requiring POT(==> & instead of %) makes encoding 12% faster.*/
+    case 90: return "windowsize must be a power of two";
+    case 91: return "invalid decompressed idat size";
+    case 92: return "integer overflow due to too many pixels";
+    case 93: return "zero width or height is invalid";
+    case 94: return "header chunk must have a size of 13 bytes";
+    case 95: return "integer overflow with combined idat chunk size";
+    case 96: return "invalid gAMA chunk size";
+    case 97: return "invalid cHRM chunk size";
+    case 98: return "invalid sRGB chunk size";
+    case 99: return "invalid sRGB rendering intent";
+    case 100: return "invalid ICC profile color type, the PNG specification only allows RGB or GRAY";
+    case 101: return "PNG specification does not allow RGB ICC profile on gray color types and vice versa";
+    case 102: return "not allowed to set grayscale ICC profile with colored pixels by PNG specification";
+    case 103: return "invalid palette index in bKGD chunk. Maybe it came before PLTE chunk?";
+    case 104: return "invalid bKGD color while encoding (e.g. palette index out of range)";
+    case 105: return "integer overflow of bitsize";
+    case 106: return "PNG file must have PLTE chunk if color type is palette";
+    case 107: return "color convert from palette mode requested without setting the palette data in it";
+    case 108: return "tried to add more than 256 values to a palette";
+    /*this limit can be configured in LodePNGDecompressSettings*/
+    case 109: return "tried to decompress zlib or deflate data larger than desired max_output_size";
+    case 110: return "custom zlib or inflate decompression failed";
+    case 111: return "custom zlib or deflate compression failed";
+    /*max text size limit can be configured in LodePNGDecoderSettings. This error prevents
+    unreasonable memory consumption when decoding due to impossibly large text sizes.*/
+    case 112: return "compressed text unreasonably large";
+    /*max ICC size limit can be configured in LodePNGDecoderSettings. This error prevents
+    unreasonable memory consumption when decoding due to impossibly large ICC profile*/
+    case 113: return "ICC profile unreasonably large";
+  }
+  return "unknown error code";
+}
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ERROR_TEXT*/
+
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* // C++ Wrapper                                                          // */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+/* ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP
+namespace lodepng {
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+unsigned load_file(std::vector<unsigned char>& buffer, const std::string& filename) {
+  long size = lodepng_filesize(filename.c_str());
+  if(size < 0) return 78;
+  buffer.resize((size_t)size);
+  return size == 0 ? 0 : lodepng_buffer_file(&buffer[0], (size_t)size, filename.c_str());
+}
+
+/*write given buffer to the file, overwriting the file, it doesn't append to it.*/
+unsigned save_file(const std::vector<unsigned char>& buffer, const std::string& filename) {
+  return lodepng_save_file(buffer.empty() ? 0 : &buffer[0], buffer.size(), filename.c_str());
+}
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+unsigned decompress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                    const LodePNGDecompressSettings& settings) {
+  unsigned char* buffer = 0;
+  size_t buffersize = 0;
+  unsigned error = zlib_decompress(&buffer, &buffersize, 0, in, insize, &settings);
+  if(buffer) {
+    out.insert(out.end(), &buffer[0], &buffer[buffersize]);
+    lodepng_free(buffer);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned decompress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const std::vector<unsigned char>& in,
+                    const LodePNGDecompressSettings& settings) {
+  return decompress(out, in.empty() ? 0 : &in[0], in.size(), settings);
+}
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+unsigned compress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                  const LodePNGCompressSettings& settings) {
+  unsigned char* buffer = 0;
+  size_t buffersize = 0;
+  unsigned error = zlib_compress(&buffer, &buffersize, in, insize, &settings);
+  if(buffer) {
+    out.insert(out.end(), &buffer[0], &buffer[buffersize]);
+    lodepng_free(buffer);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned compress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const std::vector<unsigned char>& in,
+                  const LodePNGCompressSettings& settings) {
+  return compress(out, in.empty() ? 0 : &in[0], in.size(), settings);
+}
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB */
+
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+
+State::State() {
+  lodepng_state_init(this);
+}
+
+State::State(const State& other) {
+  lodepng_state_init(this);
+  lodepng_state_copy(this, &other);
+}
+
+State::~State() {
+  lodepng_state_cleanup(this);
+}
+
+State& State::operator=(const State& other) {
+  lodepng_state_copy(this, &other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h, const unsigned char* in,
+                size_t insize, LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  unsigned char* buffer = 0;
+  unsigned error = lodepng_decode_memory(&buffer, &w, &h, in, insize, colortype, bitdepth);
+  if(buffer && !error) {
+    State state;
+    state.info_raw.colortype = colortype;
+    state.info_raw.bitdepth = bitdepth;
+    size_t buffersize = lodepng_get_raw_size(w, h, &state.info_raw);
+    out.insert(out.end(), &buffer[0], &buffer[buffersize]);
+  }
+  lodepng_free(buffer);
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in, LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  return decode(out, w, h, in.empty() ? 0 : &in[0], (unsigned)in.size(), colortype, bitdepth);
+}
+
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                State& state,
+                const unsigned char* in, size_t insize) {
+  unsigned char* buffer = NULL;
+  unsigned error = lodepng_decode(&buffer, &w, &h, &state, in, insize);
+  if(buffer && !error) {
+    size_t buffersize = lodepng_get_raw_size(w, h, &state.info_raw);
+    out.insert(out.end(), &buffer[0], &buffer[buffersize]);
+  }
+  lodepng_free(buffer);
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                State& state,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in) {
+  return decode(out, w, h, state, in.empty() ? 0 : &in[0], in.size());
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h, const std::string& filename,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  std::vector<unsigned char> buffer;
+  /* safe output values in case error happens */
+  w = h = 0;
+  unsigned error = load_file(buffer, filename);
+  if(error) return error;
+  return decode(out, w, h, buffer, colortype, bitdepth);
+}
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  unsigned char* buffer;
+  size_t buffersize;
+  unsigned error = lodepng_encode_memory(&buffer, &buffersize, in, w, h, colortype, bitdepth);
+  if(buffer) {
+    out.insert(out.end(), &buffer[0], &buffer[buffersize]);
+    lodepng_free(buffer);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  if(lodepng_get_raw_size_lct(w, h, colortype, bitdepth) > in.size()) return 84;
+  return encode(out, in.empty() ? 0 : &in[0], w, h, colortype, bitdepth);
+}
+
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out,
+                const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                State& state) {
+  unsigned char* buffer;
+  size_t buffersize;
+  unsigned error = lodepng_encode(&buffer, &buffersize, in, w, h, &state);
+  if(buffer) {
+    out.insert(out.end(), &buffer[0], &buffer[buffersize]);
+    lodepng_free(buffer);
+  }
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                State& state) {
+  if(lodepng_get_raw_size(w, h, &state.info_raw) > in.size()) return 84;
+  return encode(out, in.empty() ? 0 : &in[0], w, h, state);
+}
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+unsigned encode(const std::string& filename,
+                const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  std::vector<unsigned char> buffer;
+  unsigned error = encode(buffer, in, w, h, colortype, bitdepth);
+  if(!error) error = save_file(buffer, filename);
+  return error;
+}
+
+unsigned encode(const std::string& filename,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth) {
+  if(lodepng_get_raw_size_lct(w, h, colortype, bitdepth) > in.size()) return 84;
+  return encode(filename, in.empty() ? 0 : &in[0], w, h, colortype, bitdepth);
+}
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG */
+} /* namespace lodepng */
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP*/
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/lodepng.h b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/lodepng.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..685e785
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/lodepng.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2020 @@
+/*
+LodePNG version 20220109
+
+Copyright (c) 2005-2022 Lode Vandevenne
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+arising from the use of this software.
+
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+    1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+    claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
+    in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
+    appreciated but is not required.
+
+    2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+    misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+    3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
+    distribution.
+*/
+
+#ifndef LODEPNG_H
+#define LODEPNG_H
+
+#include <string.h> /*for size_t*/
+
+extern const char* LODEPNG_VERSION_STRING;
+
+/*
+The following #defines are used to create code sections. They can be disabled
+to disable code sections, which can give faster compile time and smaller binary.
+The "NO_COMPILE" defines are designed to be used to pass as defines to the
+compiler command to disable them without modifying this header, e.g.
+-DLODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_ZLIB for gcc.
+In addition to those below, you can also define LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_CRC to
+allow implementing a custom lodepng_crc32.
+*/
+/*deflate & zlib. If disabled, you must specify alternative zlib functions in
+the custom_zlib field of the compress and decompress settings*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_ZLIB
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB
+#endif
+
+/*png encoder and png decoder*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_PNG
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+#endif
+
+/*deflate&zlib decoder and png decoder*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_DECODER
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+#endif
+
+/*deflate&zlib encoder and png encoder*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_ENCODER
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+#endif
+
+/*the optional built in harddisk file loading and saving functions*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_DISK
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+#endif
+
+/*support for chunks other than IHDR, IDAT, PLTE, tRNS, IEND: ancillary and unknown chunks*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+#endif
+
+/*ability to convert error numerical codes to English text string*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_ERROR_TEXT
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_ERROR_TEXT
+#endif
+
+/*Compile the default allocators (C's free, malloc and realloc). If you disable this,
+you can define the functions lodepng_free, lodepng_malloc and lodepng_realloc in your
+source files with custom allocators.*/
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_ALLOCATORS
+#endif
+
+/*compile the C++ version (you can disable the C++ wrapper here even when compiling for C++)*/
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#ifndef LODEPNG_NO_COMPILE_CPP
+#define LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+/*The PNG color types (also used for raw image).*/
+typedef enum LodePNGColorType {
+  LCT_GREY = 0, /*grayscale: 1,2,4,8,16 bit*/
+  LCT_RGB = 2, /*RGB: 8,16 bit*/
+  LCT_PALETTE = 3, /*palette: 1,2,4,8 bit*/
+  LCT_GREY_ALPHA = 4, /*grayscale with alpha: 8,16 bit*/
+  LCT_RGBA = 6, /*RGB with alpha: 8,16 bit*/
+  /*LCT_MAX_OCTET_VALUE lets the compiler allow this enum to represent any invalid
+  byte value from 0 to 255 that could be present in an invalid PNG file header. Do
+  not use, compare with or set the name LCT_MAX_OCTET_VALUE, instead either use
+  the valid color type names above, or numeric values like 1 or 7 when checking for
+  particular disallowed color type byte values, or cast to integer to print it.*/
+  LCT_MAX_OCTET_VALUE = 255
+} LodePNGColorType;
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/*
+Converts PNG data in memory to raw pixel data.
+out: Output parameter. Pointer to buffer that will contain the raw pixel data.
+     After decoding, its size is w * h * (bytes per pixel) bytes larger than
+     initially. Bytes per pixel depends on colortype and bitdepth.
+     Must be freed after usage with free(*out).
+     Note: for 16-bit per channel colors, uses big endian format like PNG does.
+w: Output parameter. Pointer to width of pixel data.
+h: Output parameter. Pointer to height of pixel data.
+in: Memory buffer with the PNG file.
+insize: size of the in buffer.
+colortype: the desired color type for the raw output image. See explanation on PNG color types.
+bitdepth: the desired bit depth for the raw output image. See explanation on PNG color types.
+Return value: LodePNG error code (0 means no error).
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_decode_memory(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                               const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                               LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_decode_memory, but always decodes to 32-bit RGBA raw image*/
+unsigned lodepng_decode32(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                          const unsigned char* in, size_t insize);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_decode_memory, but always decodes to 24-bit RGB raw image*/
+unsigned lodepng_decode24(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                          const unsigned char* in, size_t insize);
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+/*
+Load PNG from disk, from file with given name.
+Same as the other decode functions, but instead takes a filename as input.
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and decode in-memory.*/
+unsigned lodepng_decode_file(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                             const char* filename,
+                             LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_decode_file, but always decodes to 32-bit RGBA raw image.
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and decode in-memory.*/
+unsigned lodepng_decode32_file(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                               const char* filename);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_decode_file, but always decodes to 24-bit RGB raw image.
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and decode in-memory.*/
+unsigned lodepng_decode24_file(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                               const char* filename);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/*
+Converts raw pixel data into a PNG image in memory. The colortype and bitdepth
+  of the output PNG image cannot be chosen, they are automatically determined
+  by the colortype, bitdepth and content of the input pixel data.
+  Note: for 16-bit per channel colors, needs big endian format like PNG does.
+out: Output parameter. Pointer to buffer that will contain the PNG image data.
+     Must be freed after usage with free(*out).
+outsize: Output parameter. Pointer to the size in bytes of the out buffer.
+image: The raw pixel data to encode. The size of this buffer should be
+       w * h * (bytes per pixel), bytes per pixel depends on colortype and bitdepth.
+w: width of the raw pixel data in pixels.
+h: height of the raw pixel data in pixels.
+colortype: the color type of the raw input image. See explanation on PNG color types.
+bitdepth: the bit depth of the raw input image. See explanation on PNG color types.
+Return value: LodePNG error code (0 means no error).
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_encode_memory(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                               const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                               LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_encode_memory, but always encodes from 32-bit RGBA raw image.*/
+unsigned lodepng_encode32(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                          const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_encode_memory, but always encodes from 24-bit RGB raw image.*/
+unsigned lodepng_encode24(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                          const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h);
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+/*
+Converts raw pixel data into a PNG file on disk.
+Same as the other encode functions, but instead takes a filename as output.
+
+NOTE: This overwrites existing files without warning!
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and encode in-memory.*/
+unsigned lodepng_encode_file(const char* filename,
+                             const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                             LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_encode_file, but always encodes from 32-bit RGBA raw image.
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and encode in-memory.*/
+unsigned lodepng_encode32_file(const char* filename,
+                               const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h);
+
+/*Same as lodepng_encode_file, but always encodes from 24-bit RGB raw image.
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and encode in-memory.*/
+unsigned lodepng_encode24_file(const char* filename,
+                               const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP
+namespace lodepng {
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/*Same as lodepng_decode_memory, but decodes to an std::vector. The colortype
+is the format to output the pixels to. Default is RGBA 8-bit per channel.*/
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype = LCT_RGBA, unsigned bitdepth = 8);
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype = LCT_RGBA, unsigned bitdepth = 8);
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+/*
+Converts PNG file from disk to raw pixel data in memory.
+Same as the other decode functions, but instead takes a filename as input.
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and decode in-memory.
+*/
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                const std::string& filename,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype = LCT_RGBA, unsigned bitdepth = 8);
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/*Same as lodepng_encode_memory, but encodes to an std::vector. colortype
+is that of the raw input data. The output PNG color type will be auto chosen.*/
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out,
+                const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype = LCT_RGBA, unsigned bitdepth = 8);
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype = LCT_RGBA, unsigned bitdepth = 8);
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+/*
+Converts 32-bit RGBA raw pixel data into a PNG file on disk.
+Same as the other encode functions, but instead takes a filename as output.
+
+NOTE: This overwrites existing files without warning!
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and decode in-memory.
+*/
+unsigned encode(const std::string& filename,
+                const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype = LCT_RGBA, unsigned bitdepth = 8);
+unsigned encode(const std::string& filename,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                LodePNGColorType colortype = LCT_RGBA, unsigned bitdepth = 8);
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER */
+} /* namespace lodepng */
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ERROR_TEXT
+/*Returns an English description of the numerical error code.*/
+const char* lodepng_error_text(unsigned code);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ERROR_TEXT*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/*Settings for zlib decompression*/
+typedef struct LodePNGDecompressSettings LodePNGDecompressSettings;
+struct LodePNGDecompressSettings {
+  /* Check LodePNGDecoderSettings for more ignorable errors such as ignore_crc */
+  unsigned ignore_adler32; /*if 1, continue and don't give an error message if the Adler32 checksum is corrupted*/
+  unsigned ignore_nlen; /*ignore complement of len checksum in uncompressed blocks*/
+
+  /*Maximum decompressed size, beyond this the decoder may (and is encouraged to) stop decoding,
+  return an error, output a data size > max_output_size and all the data up to that point. This is
+  not hard limit nor a guarantee, but can prevent excessive memory usage. This setting is
+  ignored by the PNG decoder, but is used by the deflate/zlib decoder and can be used by custom ones.
+  Set to 0 to impose no limit (the default).*/
+  size_t max_output_size;
+
+  /*use custom zlib decoder instead of built in one (default: null).
+  Should return 0 if success, any non-0 if error (numeric value not exposed).*/
+  unsigned (*custom_zlib)(unsigned char**, size_t*,
+                          const unsigned char*, size_t,
+                          const LodePNGDecompressSettings*);
+  /*use custom deflate decoder instead of built in one (default: null)
+  if custom_zlib is not null, custom_inflate is ignored (the zlib format uses deflate).
+  Should return 0 if success, any non-0 if error (numeric value not exposed).*/
+  unsigned (*custom_inflate)(unsigned char**, size_t*,
+                             const unsigned char*, size_t,
+                             const LodePNGDecompressSettings*);
+
+  const void* custom_context; /*optional custom settings for custom functions*/
+};
+
+extern const LodePNGDecompressSettings lodepng_default_decompress_settings;
+void lodepng_decompress_settings_init(LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/*
+Settings for zlib compression. Tweaking these settings tweaks the balance
+between speed and compression ratio.
+*/
+typedef struct LodePNGCompressSettings LodePNGCompressSettings;
+struct LodePNGCompressSettings /*deflate = compress*/ {
+  /*LZ77 related settings*/
+  unsigned btype; /*the block type for LZ (0, 1, 2 or 3, see zlib standard). Should be 2 for proper compression.*/
+  unsigned use_lz77; /*whether or not to use LZ77. Should be 1 for proper compression.*/
+  unsigned windowsize; /*must be a power of two <= 32768. higher compresses more but is slower. Default value: 2048.*/
+  unsigned minmatch; /*minimum lz77 length. 3 is normally best, 6 can be better for some PNGs. Default: 0*/
+  unsigned nicematch; /*stop searching if >= this length found. Set to 258 for best compression. Default: 128*/
+  unsigned lazymatching; /*use lazy matching: better compression but a bit slower. Default: true*/
+
+  /*use custom zlib encoder instead of built in one (default: null)*/
+  unsigned (*custom_zlib)(unsigned char**, size_t*,
+                          const unsigned char*, size_t,
+                          const LodePNGCompressSettings*);
+  /*use custom deflate encoder instead of built in one (default: null)
+  if custom_zlib is used, custom_deflate is ignored since only the built in
+  zlib function will call custom_deflate*/
+  unsigned (*custom_deflate)(unsigned char**, size_t*,
+                             const unsigned char*, size_t,
+                             const LodePNGCompressSettings*);
+
+  const void* custom_context; /*optional custom settings for custom functions*/
+};
+
+extern const LodePNGCompressSettings lodepng_default_compress_settings;
+void lodepng_compress_settings_init(LodePNGCompressSettings* settings);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+/*
+Color mode of an image. Contains all information required to decode the pixel
+bits to RGBA colors. This information is the same as used in the PNG file
+format, and is used both for PNG and raw image data in LodePNG.
+*/
+typedef struct LodePNGColorMode {
+  /*header (IHDR)*/
+  LodePNGColorType colortype; /*color type, see PNG standard or documentation further in this header file*/
+  unsigned bitdepth;  /*bits per sample, see PNG standard or documentation further in this header file*/
+
+  /*
+  palette (PLTE and tRNS)
+
+  Dynamically allocated with the colors of the palette, including alpha.
+  This field may not be allocated directly, use lodepng_color_mode_init first,
+  then lodepng_palette_add per color to correctly initialize it (to ensure size
+  of exactly 1024 bytes).
+
+  The alpha channels must be set as well, set them to 255 for opaque images.
+
+  When decoding, by default you can ignore this palette, since LodePNG already
+  fills the palette colors in the pixels of the raw RGBA output.
+
+  The palette is only supported for color type 3.
+  */
+  unsigned char* palette; /*palette in RGBARGBA... order. Must be either 0, or when allocated must have 1024 bytes*/
+  size_t palettesize; /*palette size in number of colors (amount of used bytes is 4 * palettesize)*/
+
+  /*
+  transparent color key (tRNS)
+
+  This color uses the same bit depth as the bitdepth value in this struct, which can be 1-bit to 16-bit.
+  For grayscale PNGs, r, g and b will all 3 be set to the same.
+
+  When decoding, by default you can ignore this information, since LodePNG sets
+  pixels with this key to transparent already in the raw RGBA output.
+
+  The color key is only supported for color types 0 and 2.
+  */
+  unsigned key_defined; /*is a transparent color key given? 0 = false, 1 = true*/
+  unsigned key_r;       /*red/grayscale component of color key*/
+  unsigned key_g;       /*green component of color key*/
+  unsigned key_b;       /*blue component of color key*/
+} LodePNGColorMode;
+
+/*init, cleanup and copy functions to use with this struct*/
+void lodepng_color_mode_init(LodePNGColorMode* info);
+void lodepng_color_mode_cleanup(LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*return value is error code (0 means no error)*/
+unsigned lodepng_color_mode_copy(LodePNGColorMode* dest, const LodePNGColorMode* source);
+/* Makes a temporary LodePNGColorMode that does not need cleanup (no palette) */
+LodePNGColorMode lodepng_color_mode_make(LodePNGColorType colortype, unsigned bitdepth);
+
+void lodepng_palette_clear(LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*add 1 color to the palette*/
+unsigned lodepng_palette_add(LodePNGColorMode* info,
+                             unsigned char r, unsigned char g, unsigned char b, unsigned char a);
+
+/*get the total amount of bits per pixel, based on colortype and bitdepth in the struct*/
+unsigned lodepng_get_bpp(const LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*get the amount of color channels used, based on colortype in the struct.
+If a palette is used, it counts as 1 channel.*/
+unsigned lodepng_get_channels(const LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*is it a grayscale type? (only colortype 0 or 4)*/
+unsigned lodepng_is_greyscale_type(const LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*has it got an alpha channel? (only colortype 2 or 6)*/
+unsigned lodepng_is_alpha_type(const LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*has it got a palette? (only colortype 3)*/
+unsigned lodepng_is_palette_type(const LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*only returns true if there is a palette and there is a value in the palette with alpha < 255.
+Loops through the palette to check this.*/
+unsigned lodepng_has_palette_alpha(const LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*
+Check if the given color info indicates the possibility of having non-opaque pixels in the PNG image.
+Returns true if the image can have translucent or invisible pixels (it still be opaque if it doesn't use such pixels).
+Returns false if the image can only have opaque pixels.
+In detail, it returns true only if it's a color type with alpha, or has a palette with non-opaque values,
+or if "key_defined" is true.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_can_have_alpha(const LodePNGColorMode* info);
+/*Returns the byte size of a raw image buffer with given width, height and color mode*/
+size_t lodepng_get_raw_size(unsigned w, unsigned h, const LodePNGColorMode* color);
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+/*The information of a Time chunk in PNG.*/
+typedef struct LodePNGTime {
+  unsigned year;    /*2 bytes used (0-65535)*/
+  unsigned month;   /*1-12*/
+  unsigned day;     /*1-31*/
+  unsigned hour;    /*0-23*/
+  unsigned minute;  /*0-59*/
+  unsigned second;  /*0-60 (to allow for leap seconds)*/
+} LodePNGTime;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+/*Information about the PNG image, except pixels, width and height.*/
+typedef struct LodePNGInfo {
+  /*header (IHDR), palette (PLTE) and transparency (tRNS) chunks*/
+  unsigned compression_method;/*compression method of the original file. Always 0.*/
+  unsigned filter_method;     /*filter method of the original file*/
+  unsigned interlace_method;  /*interlace method of the original file: 0=none, 1=Adam7*/
+  LodePNGColorMode color;     /*color type and bits, palette and transparency of the PNG file*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  /*
+  Suggested background color chunk (bKGD)
+
+  This uses the same color mode and bit depth as the PNG (except no alpha channel),
+  with values truncated to the bit depth in the unsigned integer.
+
+  For grayscale and palette PNGs, the value is stored in background_r. The values
+  in background_g and background_b are then unused.
+
+  So when decoding, you may get these in a different color mode than the one you requested
+  for the raw pixels.
+
+  When encoding with auto_convert, you must use the color model defined in info_png.color for
+  these values. The encoder normally ignores info_png.color when auto_convert is on, but will
+  use it to interpret these values (and convert copies of them to its chosen color model).
+
+  When encoding, avoid setting this to an expensive color, such as a non-gray value
+  when the image is gray, or the compression will be worse since it will be forced to
+  write the PNG with a more expensive color mode (when auto_convert is on).
+
+  The decoder does not use this background color to edit the color of pixels. This is a
+  completely optional metadata feature.
+  */
+  unsigned background_defined; /*is a suggested background color given?*/
+  unsigned background_r;       /*red/gray/palette component of suggested background color*/
+  unsigned background_g;       /*green component of suggested background color*/
+  unsigned background_b;       /*blue component of suggested background color*/
+
+  /*
+  Non-international text chunks (tEXt and zTXt)
+
+  The char** arrays each contain num strings. The actual messages are in
+  text_strings, while text_keys are keywords that give a short description what
+  the actual text represents, e.g. Title, Author, Description, or anything else.
+
+  All the string fields below including strings, keys, names and language tags are null terminated.
+  The PNG specification uses null characters for the keys, names and tags, and forbids null
+  characters to appear in the main text which is why we can use null termination everywhere here.
+
+  A keyword is minimum 1 character and maximum 79 characters long (plus the
+  additional null terminator). It's discouraged to use a single line length
+  longer than 79 characters for texts.
+
+  Don't allocate these text buffers yourself. Use the init/cleanup functions
+  correctly and use lodepng_add_text and lodepng_clear_text.
+
+  Standard text chunk keywords and strings are encoded using Latin-1.
+  */
+  size_t text_num; /*the amount of texts in these char** buffers (there may be more texts in itext)*/
+  char** text_keys; /*the keyword of a text chunk (e.g. "Comment")*/
+  char** text_strings; /*the actual text*/
+
+  /*
+  International text chunks (iTXt)
+  Similar to the non-international text chunks, but with additional strings
+  "langtags" and "transkeys", and the following text encodings are used:
+  keys: Latin-1, langtags: ASCII, transkeys and strings: UTF-8.
+  keys must be 1-79 characters (plus the additional null terminator), the other
+  strings are any length.
+  */
+  size_t itext_num; /*the amount of international texts in this PNG*/
+  char** itext_keys; /*the English keyword of the text chunk (e.g. "Comment")*/
+  char** itext_langtags; /*language tag for this text's language, ISO/IEC 646 string, e.g. ISO 639 language tag*/
+  char** itext_transkeys; /*keyword translated to the international language - UTF-8 string*/
+  char** itext_strings; /*the actual international text - UTF-8 string*/
+
+  /*time chunk (tIME)*/
+  unsigned time_defined; /*set to 1 to make the encoder generate a tIME chunk*/
+  LodePNGTime time;
+
+  /*phys chunk (pHYs)*/
+  unsigned phys_defined; /*if 0, there is no pHYs chunk and the values below are undefined, if 1 else there is one*/
+  unsigned phys_x; /*pixels per unit in x direction*/
+  unsigned phys_y; /*pixels per unit in y direction*/
+  unsigned phys_unit; /*may be 0 (unknown unit) or 1 (metre)*/
+
+  /*
+  Color profile related chunks: gAMA, cHRM, sRGB, iCPP
+
+  LodePNG does not apply any color conversions on pixels in the encoder or decoder and does not interpret these color
+  profile values. It merely passes on the information. If you wish to use color profiles and convert colors, please
+  use these values with a color management library.
+
+  See the PNG, ICC and sRGB specifications for more information about the meaning of these values.
+  */
+
+  /* gAMA chunk: optional, overridden by sRGB or iCCP if those are present. */
+  unsigned gama_defined; /* Whether a gAMA chunk is present (0 = not present, 1 = present). */
+  unsigned gama_gamma;   /* Gamma exponent times 100000 */
+
+  /* cHRM chunk: optional, overridden by sRGB or iCCP if those are present. */
+  unsigned chrm_defined; /* Whether a cHRM chunk is present (0 = not present, 1 = present). */
+  unsigned chrm_white_x; /* White Point x times 100000 */
+  unsigned chrm_white_y; /* White Point y times 100000 */
+  unsigned chrm_red_x;   /* Red x times 100000 */
+  unsigned chrm_red_y;   /* Red y times 100000 */
+  unsigned chrm_green_x; /* Green x times 100000 */
+  unsigned chrm_green_y; /* Green y times 100000 */
+  unsigned chrm_blue_x;  /* Blue x times 100000 */
+  unsigned chrm_blue_y;  /* Blue y times 100000 */
+
+  /*
+  sRGB chunk: optional. May not appear at the same time as iCCP.
+  If gAMA is also present gAMA must contain value 45455.
+  If cHRM is also present cHRM must contain respectively 31270,32900,64000,33000,30000,60000,15000,6000.
+  */
+  unsigned srgb_defined; /* Whether an sRGB chunk is present (0 = not present, 1 = present). */
+  unsigned srgb_intent;  /* Rendering intent: 0=perceptual, 1=rel. colorimetric, 2=saturation, 3=abs. colorimetric */
+
+  /*
+  iCCP chunk: optional. May not appear at the same time as sRGB.
+
+  LodePNG does not parse or use the ICC profile (except its color space header field for an edge case), a
+  separate library to handle the ICC data (not included in LodePNG) format is needed to use it for color
+  management and conversions.
+
+  For encoding, if iCCP is present, gAMA and cHRM are recommended to be added as well with values that match the ICC
+  profile as closely as possible, if you wish to do this you should provide the correct values for gAMA and cHRM and
+  enable their '_defined' flags since LodePNG will not automatically compute them from the ICC profile.
+
+  For encoding, the ICC profile is required by the PNG specification to be an "RGB" profile for non-gray
+  PNG color types and a "GRAY" profile for gray PNG color types. If you disable auto_convert, you must ensure
+  the ICC profile type matches your requested color type, else the encoder gives an error. If auto_convert is
+  enabled (the default), and the ICC profile is not a good match for the pixel data, this will result in an encoder
+  error if the pixel data has non-gray pixels for a GRAY profile, or a silent less-optimal compression of the pixel
+  data if the pixels could be encoded as grayscale but the ICC profile is RGB.
+
+  To avoid this do not set an ICC profile in the image unless there is a good reason for it, and when doing so
+  make sure you compute it carefully to avoid the above problems.
+  */
+  unsigned iccp_defined;      /* Whether an iCCP chunk is present (0 = not present, 1 = present). */
+  char* iccp_name;            /* Null terminated string with profile name, 1-79 bytes */
+  /*
+  The ICC profile in iccp_profile_size bytes.
+  Don't allocate this buffer yourself. Use the init/cleanup functions
+  correctly and use lodepng_set_icc and lodepng_clear_icc.
+  */
+  unsigned char* iccp_profile;
+  unsigned iccp_profile_size; /* The size of iccp_profile in bytes */
+
+  /* End of color profile related chunks */
+
+
+  /*
+  unknown chunks: chunks not known by LodePNG, passed on byte for byte.
+
+  There are 3 buffers, one for each position in the PNG where unknown chunks can appear.
+  Each buffer contains all unknown chunks for that position consecutively.
+  The 3 positions are:
+  0: between IHDR and PLTE, 1: between PLTE and IDAT, 2: between IDAT and IEND.
+
+  For encoding, do not store critical chunks or known chunks that are enabled with a "_defined" flag
+  above in here, since the encoder will blindly follow this and could then encode an invalid PNG file
+  (such as one with two IHDR chunks or the disallowed combination of sRGB with iCCP). But do use
+  this if you wish to store an ancillary chunk that is not supported by LodePNG (such as sPLT or hIST),
+  or any non-standard PNG chunk.
+
+  Do not allocate or traverse this data yourself. Use the chunk traversing functions declared
+  later, such as lodepng_chunk_next and lodepng_chunk_append, to read/write this struct.
+  */
+  unsigned char* unknown_chunks_data[3];
+  size_t unknown_chunks_size[3]; /*size in bytes of the unknown chunks, given for protection*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+} LodePNGInfo;
+
+/*init, cleanup and copy functions to use with this struct*/
+void lodepng_info_init(LodePNGInfo* info);
+void lodepng_info_cleanup(LodePNGInfo* info);
+/*return value is error code (0 means no error)*/
+unsigned lodepng_info_copy(LodePNGInfo* dest, const LodePNGInfo* source);
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+unsigned lodepng_add_text(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* key, const char* str); /*push back both texts at once*/
+void lodepng_clear_text(LodePNGInfo* info); /*use this to clear the texts again after you filled them in*/
+
+unsigned lodepng_add_itext(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* key, const char* langtag,
+                           const char* transkey, const char* str); /*push back the 4 texts of 1 chunk at once*/
+void lodepng_clear_itext(LodePNGInfo* info); /*use this to clear the itexts again after you filled them in*/
+
+/*replaces if exists*/
+unsigned lodepng_set_icc(LodePNGInfo* info, const char* name, const unsigned char* profile, unsigned profile_size);
+void lodepng_clear_icc(LodePNGInfo* info); /*use this to clear the texts again after you filled them in*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+
+/*
+Converts raw buffer from one color type to another color type, based on
+LodePNGColorMode structs to describe the input and output color type.
+See the reference manual at the end of this header file to see which color conversions are supported.
+return value = LodePNG error code (0 if all went ok, an error if the conversion isn't supported)
+The out buffer must have size (w * h * bpp + 7) / 8, where bpp is the bits per pixel
+of the output color type (lodepng_get_bpp).
+For < 8 bpp images, there should not be padding bits at the end of scanlines.
+For 16-bit per channel colors, uses big endian format like PNG does.
+Return value is LodePNG error code
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_convert(unsigned char* out, const unsigned char* in,
+                         const LodePNGColorMode* mode_out, const LodePNGColorMode* mode_in,
+                         unsigned w, unsigned h);
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/*
+Settings for the decoder. This contains settings for the PNG and the Zlib
+decoder, but not the Info settings from the Info structs.
+*/
+typedef struct LodePNGDecoderSettings {
+  LodePNGDecompressSettings zlibsettings; /*in here is the setting to ignore Adler32 checksums*/
+
+  /* Check LodePNGDecompressSettings for more ignorable errors such as ignore_adler32 */
+  unsigned ignore_crc; /*ignore CRC checksums*/
+  unsigned ignore_critical; /*ignore unknown critical chunks*/
+  unsigned ignore_end; /*ignore issues at end of file if possible (missing IEND chunk, too large chunk, ...)*/
+  /* TODO: make a system involving warnings with levels and a strict mode instead. Other potentially recoverable
+     errors: srgb rendering intent value, size of content of ancillary chunks, more than 79 characters for some
+     strings, placement/combination rules for ancillary chunks, crc of unknown chunks, allowed characters
+     in string keys, etc... */
+
+  unsigned color_convert; /*whether to convert the PNG to the color type you want. Default: yes*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  unsigned read_text_chunks; /*if false but remember_unknown_chunks is true, they're stored in the unknown chunks*/
+
+  /*store all bytes from unknown chunks in the LodePNGInfo (off by default, useful for a png editor)*/
+  unsigned remember_unknown_chunks;
+
+  /* maximum size for decompressed text chunks. If a text chunk's text is larger than this, an error is returned,
+  unless reading text chunks is disabled or this limit is set higher or disabled. Set to 0 to allow any size.
+  By default it is a value that prevents unreasonably large strings from hogging memory. */
+  size_t max_text_size;
+
+  /* maximum size for compressed ICC chunks. If the ICC profile is larger than this, an error will be returned. Set to
+  0 to allow any size. By default this is a value that prevents ICC profiles that would be much larger than any
+  legitimate profile could be to hog memory. */
+  size_t max_icc_size;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+} LodePNGDecoderSettings;
+
+void lodepng_decoder_settings_init(LodePNGDecoderSettings* settings);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/*automatically use color type with less bits per pixel if losslessly possible. Default: AUTO*/
+typedef enum LodePNGFilterStrategy {
+  /*every filter at zero*/
+  LFS_ZERO = 0,
+  /*every filter at 1, 2, 3 or 4 (paeth), unlike LFS_ZERO not a good choice, but for testing*/
+  LFS_ONE = 1,
+  LFS_TWO = 2,
+  LFS_THREE = 3,
+  LFS_FOUR = 4,
+  /*Use filter that gives minimum sum, as described in the official PNG filter heuristic.*/
+  LFS_MINSUM,
+  /*Use the filter type that gives smallest Shannon entropy for this scanline. Depending
+  on the image, this is better or worse than minsum.*/
+  LFS_ENTROPY,
+  /*
+  Brute-force-search PNG filters by compressing each filter for each scanline.
+  Experimental, very slow, and only rarely gives better compression than MINSUM.
+  */
+  LFS_BRUTE_FORCE,
+  /*use predefined_filters buffer: you specify the filter type for each scanline*/
+  LFS_PREDEFINED
+} LodePNGFilterStrategy;
+
+/*Gives characteristics about the integer RGBA colors of the image (count, alpha channel usage, bit depth, ...),
+which helps decide which color model to use for encoding.
+Used internally by default if "auto_convert" is enabled. Public because it's useful for custom algorithms.*/
+typedef struct LodePNGColorStats {
+  unsigned colored; /*not grayscale*/
+  unsigned key; /*image is not opaque and color key is possible instead of full alpha*/
+  unsigned short key_r; /*key values, always as 16-bit, in 8-bit case the byte is duplicated, e.g. 65535 means 255*/
+  unsigned short key_g;
+  unsigned short key_b;
+  unsigned alpha; /*image is not opaque and alpha channel or alpha palette required*/
+  unsigned numcolors; /*amount of colors, up to 257. Not valid if bits == 16 or allow_palette is disabled.*/
+  unsigned char palette[1024]; /*Remembers up to the first 256 RGBA colors, in no particular order, only valid when numcolors is valid*/
+  unsigned bits; /*bits per channel (not for palette). 1,2 or 4 for grayscale only. 16 if 16-bit per channel required.*/
+  size_t numpixels;
+
+  /*user settings for computing/using the stats*/
+  unsigned allow_palette; /*default 1. if 0, disallow choosing palette colortype in auto_choose_color, and don't count numcolors*/
+  unsigned allow_greyscale; /*default 1. if 0, choose RGB or RGBA even if the image only has gray colors*/
+} LodePNGColorStats;
+
+void lodepng_color_stats_init(LodePNGColorStats* stats);
+
+/*Get a LodePNGColorStats of the image. The stats must already have been inited.
+Returns error code (e.g. alloc fail) or 0 if ok.*/
+unsigned lodepng_compute_color_stats(LodePNGColorStats* stats,
+                                     const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                                     const LodePNGColorMode* mode_in);
+
+/*Settings for the encoder.*/
+typedef struct LodePNGEncoderSettings {
+  LodePNGCompressSettings zlibsettings; /*settings for the zlib encoder, such as window size, ...*/
+
+  unsigned auto_convert; /*automatically choose output PNG color type. Default: true*/
+
+  /*If true, follows the official PNG heuristic: if the PNG uses a palette or lower than
+  8 bit depth, set all filters to zero. Otherwise use the filter_strategy. Note that to
+  completely follow the official PNG heuristic, filter_palette_zero must be true and
+  filter_strategy must be LFS_MINSUM*/
+  unsigned filter_palette_zero;
+  /*Which filter strategy to use when not using zeroes due to filter_palette_zero.
+  Set filter_palette_zero to 0 to ensure always using your chosen strategy. Default: LFS_MINSUM*/
+  LodePNGFilterStrategy filter_strategy;
+  /*used if filter_strategy is LFS_PREDEFINED. In that case, this must point to a buffer with
+  the same length as the amount of scanlines in the image, and each value must <= 5. You
+  have to cleanup this buffer, LodePNG will never free it. Don't forget that filter_palette_zero
+  must be set to 0 to ensure this is also used on palette or low bitdepth images.*/
+  const unsigned char* predefined_filters;
+
+  /*force creating a PLTE chunk if colortype is 2 or 6 (= a suggested palette).
+  If colortype is 3, PLTE is _always_ created.*/
+  unsigned force_palette;
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS
+  /*add LodePNG identifier and version as a text chunk, for debugging*/
+  unsigned add_id;
+  /*encode text chunks as zTXt chunks instead of tEXt chunks, and use compression in iTXt chunks*/
+  unsigned text_compression;
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ANCILLARY_CHUNKS*/
+} LodePNGEncoderSettings;
+
+void lodepng_encoder_settings_init(LodePNGEncoderSettings* settings);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+
+#if defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER)
+/*The settings, state and information for extended encoding and decoding.*/
+typedef struct LodePNGState {
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+  LodePNGDecoderSettings decoder; /*the decoding settings*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+  LodePNGEncoderSettings encoder; /*the encoding settings*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+  LodePNGColorMode info_raw; /*specifies the format in which you would like to get the raw pixel buffer*/
+  LodePNGInfo info_png; /*info of the PNG image obtained after decoding*/
+  unsigned error;
+} LodePNGState;
+
+/*init, cleanup and copy functions to use with this struct*/
+void lodepng_state_init(LodePNGState* state);
+void lodepng_state_cleanup(LodePNGState* state);
+void lodepng_state_copy(LodePNGState* dest, const LodePNGState* source);
+#endif /* defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER) || defined(LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER) */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/*
+Same as lodepng_decode_memory, but uses a LodePNGState to allow custom settings and
+getting much more information about the PNG image and color mode.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_decode(unsigned char** out, unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                        LodePNGState* state,
+                        const unsigned char* in, size_t insize);
+
+/*
+Read the PNG header, but not the actual data. This returns only the information
+that is in the IHDR chunk of the PNG, such as width, height and color type. The
+information is placed in the info_png field of the LodePNGState.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_inspect(unsigned* w, unsigned* h,
+                         LodePNGState* state,
+                         const unsigned char* in, size_t insize);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+/*
+Reads one metadata chunk (other than IHDR) of the PNG file and outputs what it
+read in the state. Returns error code on failure.
+Use lodepng_inspect first with a new state, then e.g. lodepng_chunk_find_const
+to find the desired chunk type, and if non null use lodepng_inspect_chunk (with
+chunk_pointer - start_of_file as pos).
+Supports most metadata chunks from the PNG standard (gAMA, bKGD, tEXt, ...).
+Ignores unsupported, unknown, non-metadata or IHDR chunks (without error).
+Requirements: &in[pos] must point to start of a chunk, must use regular
+lodepng_inspect first since format of most other chunks depends on IHDR, and if
+there is a PLTE chunk, that one must be inspected before tRNS or bKGD.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_inspect_chunk(LodePNGState* state, size_t pos,
+                               const unsigned char* in, size_t insize);
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/*This function allocates the out buffer with standard malloc and stores the size in *outsize.*/
+unsigned lodepng_encode(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                        const unsigned char* image, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                        LodePNGState* state);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+/*
+The lodepng_chunk functions are normally not needed, except to traverse the
+unknown chunks stored in the LodePNGInfo struct, or add new ones to it.
+It also allows traversing the chunks of an encoded PNG file yourself.
+
+The chunk pointer always points to the beginning of the chunk itself, that is
+the first byte of the 4 length bytes.
+
+In the PNG file format, chunks have the following format:
+-4 bytes length: length of the data of the chunk in bytes (chunk itself is 12 bytes longer)
+-4 bytes chunk type (ASCII a-z,A-Z only, see below)
+-length bytes of data (may be 0 bytes if length was 0)
+-4 bytes of CRC, computed on chunk name + data
+
+The first chunk starts at the 8th byte of the PNG file, the entire rest of the file
+exists out of concatenated chunks with the above format.
+
+PNG standard chunk ASCII naming conventions:
+-First byte: uppercase = critical, lowercase = ancillary
+-Second byte: uppercase = public, lowercase = private
+-Third byte: must be uppercase
+-Fourth byte: uppercase = unsafe to copy, lowercase = safe to copy
+*/
+
+/*
+Gets the length of the data of the chunk. Total chunk length has 12 bytes more.
+There must be at least 4 bytes to read from. If the result value is too large,
+it may be corrupt data.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_length(const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*puts the 4-byte type in null terminated string*/
+void lodepng_chunk_type(char type[5], const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*check if the type is the given type*/
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_type_equals(const unsigned char* chunk, const char* type);
+
+/*0: it's one of the critical chunk types, 1: it's an ancillary chunk (see PNG standard)*/
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_ancillary(const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*0: public, 1: private (see PNG standard)*/
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_private(const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*0: the chunk is unsafe to copy, 1: the chunk is safe to copy (see PNG standard)*/
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_safetocopy(const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*get pointer to the data of the chunk, where the input points to the header of the chunk*/
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_data(unsigned char* chunk);
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_data_const(const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*returns 0 if the crc is correct, 1 if it's incorrect (0 for OK as usual!)*/
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_check_crc(const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*generates the correct CRC from the data and puts it in the last 4 bytes of the chunk*/
+void lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*
+Iterate to next chunks, allows iterating through all chunks of the PNG file.
+Input must be at the beginning of a chunk (result of a previous lodepng_chunk_next call,
+or the 8th byte of a PNG file which always has the first chunk), or alternatively may
+point to the first byte of the PNG file (which is not a chunk but the magic header, the
+function will then skip over it and return the first real chunk).
+Will output pointer to the start of the next chunk, or at or beyond end of the file if there
+is no more chunk after this or possibly if the chunk is corrupt.
+Start this process at the 8th byte of the PNG file.
+In a non-corrupt PNG file, the last chunk should have name "IEND".
+*/
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_next(unsigned char* chunk, unsigned char* end);
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_next_const(const unsigned char* chunk, const unsigned char* end);
+
+/*Finds the first chunk with the given type in the range [chunk, end), or returns NULL if not found.*/
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_find(unsigned char* chunk, unsigned char* end, const char type[5]);
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_find_const(const unsigned char* chunk, const unsigned char* end, const char type[5]);
+
+/*
+Appends chunk to the data in out. The given chunk should already have its chunk header.
+The out variable and outsize are updated to reflect the new reallocated buffer.
+Returns error code (0 if it went ok)
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_append(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* chunk);
+
+/*
+Appends new chunk to out. The chunk to append is given by giving its length, type
+and data separately. The type is a 4-letter string.
+The out variable and outsize are updated to reflect the new reallocated buffer.
+Returne error code (0 if it went ok)
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_create(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, unsigned length,
+                              const char* type, const unsigned char* data);
+
+
+/*Calculate CRC32 of buffer*/
+unsigned lodepng_crc32(const unsigned char* buf, size_t len);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG*/
+
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB
+/*
+This zlib part can be used independently to zlib compress and decompress a
+buffer. It cannot be used to create gzip files however, and it only supports the
+part of zlib that is required for PNG, it does not support dictionaries.
+*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/*Inflate a buffer. Inflate is the decompression step of deflate. Out buffer must be freed after use.*/
+unsigned lodepng_inflate(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                         const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                         const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings);
+
+/*
+Decompresses Zlib data. Reallocates the out buffer and appends the data. The
+data must be according to the zlib specification.
+Either, *out must be NULL and *outsize must be 0, or, *out must be a valid
+buffer and *outsize its size in bytes. out must be freed by user after usage.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_zlib_decompress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                                 const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                                 const LodePNGDecompressSettings* settings);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/*
+Compresses data with Zlib. Reallocates the out buffer and appends the data.
+Zlib adds a small header and trailer around the deflate data.
+The data is output in the format of the zlib specification.
+Either, *out must be NULL and *outsize must be 0, or, *out must be a valid
+buffer and *outsize its size in bytes. out must be freed by user after usage.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_zlib_compress(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                               const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                               const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings);
+
+/*
+Find length-limited Huffman code for given frequencies. This function is in the
+public interface only for tests, it's used internally by lodepng_deflate.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_huffman_code_lengths(unsigned* lengths, const unsigned* frequencies,
+                                      size_t numcodes, unsigned maxbitlen);
+
+/*Compress a buffer with deflate. See RFC 1951. Out buffer must be freed after use.*/
+unsigned lodepng_deflate(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize,
+                         const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                         const LodePNGCompressSettings* settings);
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+/*
+Load a file from disk into buffer. The function allocates the out buffer, and
+after usage you should free it.
+out: output parameter, contains pointer to loaded buffer.
+outsize: output parameter, size of the allocated out buffer
+filename: the path to the file to load
+return value: error code (0 means ok)
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and decode in-memory.
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_load_file(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const char* filename);
+
+/*
+Save a file from buffer to disk. Warning, if it exists, this function overwrites
+the file without warning!
+buffer: the buffer to write
+buffersize: size of the buffer to write
+filename: the path to the file to save to
+return value: error code (0 means ok)
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and encode in-memory
+*/
+unsigned lodepng_save_file(const unsigned char* buffer, size_t buffersize, const char* filename);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP
+/* The LodePNG C++ wrapper uses std::vectors instead of manually allocated memory buffers. */
+namespace lodepng {
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG
+class State : public LodePNGState {
+  public:
+    State();
+    State(const State& other);
+    ~State();
+    State& operator=(const State& other);
+};
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/* Same as other lodepng::decode, but using a State for more settings and information. */
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                State& state,
+                const unsigned char* in, size_t insize);
+unsigned decode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, unsigned& w, unsigned& h,
+                State& state,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/* Same as other lodepng::encode, but using a State for more settings and information. */
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out,
+                const unsigned char* in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                State& state);
+unsigned encode(std::vector<unsigned char>& out,
+                const std::vector<unsigned char>& in, unsigned w, unsigned h,
+                State& state);
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER*/
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK
+/*
+Load a file from disk into an std::vector.
+return value: error code (0 means ok)
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and decode in-memory
+*/
+unsigned load_file(std::vector<unsigned char>& buffer, const std::string& filename);
+
+/*
+Save the binary data in an std::vector to a file on disk. The file is overwritten
+without warning.
+
+NOTE: Wide-character filenames are not supported, you can use an external method
+to handle such files and encode in-memory
+*/
+unsigned save_file(const std::vector<unsigned char>& buffer, const std::string& filename);
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DISK */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_PNG */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER
+/* Zlib-decompress an unsigned char buffer */
+unsigned decompress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                    const LodePNGDecompressSettings& settings = lodepng_default_decompress_settings);
+
+/* Zlib-decompress an std::vector */
+unsigned decompress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const std::vector<unsigned char>& in,
+                    const LodePNGDecompressSettings& settings = lodepng_default_decompress_settings);
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_DECODER */
+
+#ifdef LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER
+/* Zlib-compress an unsigned char buffer */
+unsigned compress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const unsigned char* in, size_t insize,
+                  const LodePNGCompressSettings& settings = lodepng_default_compress_settings);
+
+/* Zlib-compress an std::vector */
+unsigned compress(std::vector<unsigned char>& out, const std::vector<unsigned char>& in,
+                  const LodePNGCompressSettings& settings = lodepng_default_compress_settings);
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ENCODER */
+#endif /* LODEPNG_COMPILE_ZLIB */
+} /* namespace lodepng */
+#endif /*LODEPNG_COMPILE_CPP*/
+
+/*
+TODO:
+[.] test if there are no memory leaks or security exploits - done a lot but needs to be checked often
+[.] check compatibility with various compilers  - done but needs to be redone for every newer version
+[X] converting color to 16-bit per channel types
+[X] support color profile chunk types (but never let them touch RGB values by default)
+[ ] support all public PNG chunk types (almost done except sBIT, sPLT and hIST)
+[ ] make sure encoder generates no chunks with size > (2^31)-1
+[ ] partial decoding (stream processing)
+[X] let the "isFullyOpaque" function check color keys and transparent palettes too
+[X] better name for the variables "codes", "codesD", "codelengthcodes", "clcl" and "lldl"
+[ ] allow treating some errors like warnings, when image is recoverable (e.g. 69, 57, 58)
+[ ] make warnings like: oob palette, checksum fail, data after iend, wrong/unknown crit chunk, no null terminator in text, ...
+[ ] error messages with line numbers (and version)
+[ ] errors in state instead of as return code?
+[ ] new errors/warnings like suspiciously big decompressed ztxt or iccp chunk
+[ ] let the C++ wrapper catch exceptions coming from the standard library and return LodePNG error codes
+[ ] allow user to provide custom color conversion functions, e.g. for premultiplied alpha, padding bits or not, ...
+[ ] allow user to give data (void*) to custom allocator
+[X] provide alternatives for C library functions not present on some platforms (memcpy, ...)
+*/
+
+#endif /*LODEPNG_H inclusion guard*/
+
+/*
+LodePNG Documentation
+---------------------
+
+0. table of contents
+--------------------
+
+  1. about
+   1.1. supported features
+   1.2. features not supported
+  2. C and C++ version
+  3. security
+  4. decoding
+  5. encoding
+  6. color conversions
+    6.1. PNG color types
+    6.2. color conversions
+    6.3. padding bits
+    6.4. A note about 16-bits per channel and endianness
+  7. error values
+  8. chunks and PNG editing
+  9. compiler support
+  10. examples
+   10.1. decoder C++ example
+   10.2. decoder C example
+  11. state settings reference
+  12. changes
+  13. contact information
+
+
+1. about
+--------
+
+PNG is a file format to store raster images losslessly with good compression,
+supporting different color types and alpha channel.
+
+LodePNG is a PNG codec according to the Portable Network Graphics (PNG)
+Specification (Second Edition) - W3C Recommendation 10 November 2003.
+
+The specifications used are:
+
+*) Portable Network Graphics (PNG) Specification (Second Edition):
+     http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-PNG-20031110
+*) RFC 1950 ZLIB Compressed Data Format version 3.3:
+     http://www.gzip.org/zlib/rfc-zlib.html
+*) RFC 1951 DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification ver 1.3:
+     http://www.gzip.org/zlib/rfc-deflate.html
+
+The most recent version of LodePNG can currently be found at
+http://lodev.org/lodepng/
+
+LodePNG works both in C (ISO C90) and C++, with a C++ wrapper that adds
+extra functionality.
+
+LodePNG exists out of two files:
+-lodepng.h: the header file for both C and C++
+-lodepng.c(pp): give it the name lodepng.c or lodepng.cpp (or .cc) depending on your usage
+
+If you want to start using LodePNG right away without reading this doc, get the
+examples from the LodePNG website to see how to use it in code, or check the
+smaller examples in chapter 13 here.
+
+LodePNG is simple but only supports the basic requirements. To achieve
+simplicity, the following design choices were made: There are no dependencies
+on any external library. There are functions to decode and encode a PNG with
+a single function call, and extended versions of these functions taking a
+LodePNGState struct allowing to specify or get more information. By default
+the colors of the raw image are always RGB or RGBA, no matter what color type
+the PNG file uses. To read and write files, there are simple functions to
+convert the files to/from buffers in memory.
+
+This all makes LodePNG suitable for loading textures in games, demos and small
+programs, ... It's less suitable for full fledged image editors, loading PNGs
+over network (it requires all the image data to be available before decoding can
+begin), life-critical systems, ...
+
+1.1. supported features
+-----------------------
+
+The following features are supported by the decoder:
+
+*) decoding of PNGs with any color type, bit depth and interlace mode, to a 24- or 32-bit color raw image,
+   or the same color type as the PNG
+*) encoding of PNGs, from any raw image to 24- or 32-bit color, or the same color type as the raw image
+*) Adam7 interlace and deinterlace for any color type
+*) loading the image from harddisk or decoding it from a buffer from other sources than harddisk
+*) support for alpha channels, including RGBA color model, translucent palettes and color keying
+*) zlib decompression (inflate)
+*) zlib compression (deflate)
+*) CRC32 and ADLER32 checksums
+*) colorimetric color profile conversions: currently experimentally available in lodepng_util.cpp only,
+   plus alternatively ability to pass on chroma/gamma/ICC profile information to other color management system.
+*) handling of unknown chunks, allowing making a PNG editor that stores custom and unknown chunks.
+*) the following chunks are supported by both encoder and decoder:
+    IHDR: header information
+    PLTE: color palette
+    IDAT: pixel data
+    IEND: the final chunk
+    tRNS: transparency for palettized images
+    tEXt: textual information
+    zTXt: compressed textual information
+    iTXt: international textual information
+    bKGD: suggested background color
+    pHYs: physical dimensions
+    tIME: modification time
+    cHRM: RGB chromaticities
+    gAMA: RGB gamma correction
+    iCCP: ICC color profile
+    sRGB: rendering intent
+
+1.2. features not supported
+---------------------------
+
+The following features are _not_ supported:
+
+*) some features needed to make a conformant PNG-Editor might be still missing.
+*) partial loading/stream processing. All data must be available and is processed in one call.
+*) The following public chunks are not (yet) supported but treated as unknown chunks by LodePNG:
+    sBIT
+    hIST
+    sPLT
+
+
+2. C and C++ version
+--------------------
+
+The C version uses buffers allocated with alloc that you need to free()
+yourself. You need to use init and cleanup functions for each struct whenever
+using a struct from the C version to avoid exploits and memory leaks.
+
+The C++ version has extra functions with std::vectors in the interface and the
+lodepng::State class which is a LodePNGState with constructor and destructor.
+
+These files work without modification for both C and C++ compilers because all
+the additional C++ code is in "#ifdef __cplusplus" blocks that make C-compilers
+ignore it, and the C code is made to compile both with strict ISO C90 and C++.
+
+To use the C++ version, you need to rename the source file to lodepng.cpp
+(instead of lodepng.c), and compile it with a C++ compiler.
+
+To use the C version, you need to rename the source file to lodepng.c (instead
+of lodepng.cpp), and compile it with a C compiler.
+
+
+3. Security
+-----------
+
+Even if carefully designed, it's always possible that LodePNG contains possible
+exploits. If you discover one, please let me know, and it will be fixed.
+
+When using LodePNG, care has to be taken with the C version of LodePNG, as well
+as the C-style structs when working with C++. The following conventions are used
+for all C-style structs:
+
+-if a struct has a corresponding init function, always call the init function when making a new one
+-if a struct has a corresponding cleanup function, call it before the struct disappears to avoid memory leaks
+-if a struct has a corresponding copy function, use the copy function instead of "=".
+ The destination must also be inited already.
+
+
+4. Decoding
+-----------
+
+Decoding converts a PNG compressed image to a raw pixel buffer.
+
+Most documentation on using the decoder is at its declarations in the header
+above. For C, simple decoding can be done with functions such as
+lodepng_decode32, and more advanced decoding can be done with the struct
+LodePNGState and lodepng_decode. For C++, all decoding can be done with the
+various lodepng::decode functions, and lodepng::State can be used for advanced
+features.
+
+When using the LodePNGState, it uses the following fields for decoding:
+*) LodePNGInfo info_png: it stores extra information about the PNG (the input) in here
+*) LodePNGColorMode info_raw: here you can say what color mode of the raw image (the output) you want to get
+*) LodePNGDecoderSettings decoder: you can specify a few extra settings for the decoder to use
+
+LodePNGInfo info_png
+--------------------
+
+After decoding, this contains extra information of the PNG image, except the actual
+pixels, width and height because these are already gotten directly from the decoder
+functions.
+
+It contains for example the original color type of the PNG image, text comments,
+suggested background color, etc... More details about the LodePNGInfo struct are
+at its declaration documentation.
+
+LodePNGColorMode info_raw
+-------------------------
+
+When decoding, here you can specify which color type you want
+the resulting raw image to be. If this is different from the colortype of the
+PNG, then the decoder will automatically convert the result. This conversion
+always works, except if you want it to convert a color PNG to grayscale or to
+a palette with missing colors.
+
+By default, 32-bit color is used for the result.
+
+LodePNGDecoderSettings decoder
+------------------------------
+
+The settings can be used to ignore the errors created by invalid CRC and Adler32
+chunks, and to disable the decoding of tEXt chunks.
+
+There's also a setting color_convert, true by default. If false, no conversion
+is done, the resulting data will be as it was in the PNG (after decompression)
+and you'll have to puzzle the colors of the pixels together yourself using the
+color type information in the LodePNGInfo.
+
+
+5. Encoding
+-----------
+
+Encoding converts a raw pixel buffer to a PNG compressed image.
+
+Most documentation on using the encoder is at its declarations in the header
+above. For C, simple encoding can be done with functions such as
+lodepng_encode32, and more advanced decoding can be done with the struct
+LodePNGState and lodepng_encode. For C++, all encoding can be done with the
+various lodepng::encode functions, and lodepng::State can be used for advanced
+features.
+
+Like the decoder, the encoder can also give errors. However it gives less errors
+since the encoder input is trusted, the decoder input (a PNG image that could
+be forged by anyone) is not trusted.
+
+When using the LodePNGState, it uses the following fields for encoding:
+*) LodePNGInfo info_png: here you specify how you want the PNG (the output) to be.
+*) LodePNGColorMode info_raw: here you say what color type of the raw image (the input) has
+*) LodePNGEncoderSettings encoder: you can specify a few settings for the encoder to use
+
+LodePNGInfo info_png
+--------------------
+
+When encoding, you use this the opposite way as when decoding: for encoding,
+you fill in the values you want the PNG to have before encoding. By default it's
+not needed to specify a color type for the PNG since it's automatically chosen,
+but it's possible to choose it yourself given the right settings.
+
+The encoder will not always exactly match the LodePNGInfo struct you give,
+it tries as close as possible. Some things are ignored by the encoder. The
+encoder uses, for example, the following settings from it when applicable:
+colortype and bitdepth, text chunks, time chunk, the color key, the palette, the
+background color, the interlace method, unknown chunks, ...
+
+When encoding to a PNG with colortype 3, the encoder will generate a PLTE chunk.
+If the palette contains any colors for which the alpha channel is not 255 (so
+there are translucent colors in the palette), it'll add a tRNS chunk.
+
+LodePNGColorMode info_raw
+-------------------------
+
+You specify the color type of the raw image that you give to the input here,
+including a possible transparent color key and palette you happen to be using in
+your raw image data.
+
+By default, 32-bit color is assumed, meaning your input has to be in RGBA
+format with 4 bytes (unsigned chars) per pixel.
+
+LodePNGEncoderSettings encoder
+------------------------------
+
+The following settings are supported (some are in sub-structs):
+*) auto_convert: when this option is enabled, the encoder will
+automatically choose the smallest possible color mode (including color key) that
+can encode the colors of all pixels without information loss.
+*) btype: the block type for LZ77. 0 = uncompressed, 1 = fixed huffman tree,
+   2 = dynamic huffman tree (best compression). Should be 2 for proper
+   compression.
+*) use_lz77: whether or not to use LZ77 for compressed block types. Should be
+   true for proper compression.
+*) windowsize: the window size used by the LZ77 encoder (1 - 32768). Has value
+   2048 by default, but can be set to 32768 for better, but slow, compression.
+*) force_palette: if colortype is 2 or 6, you can make the encoder write a PLTE
+   chunk if force_palette is true. This can used as suggested palette to convert
+   to by viewers that don't support more than 256 colors (if those still exist)
+*) add_id: add text chunk "Encoder: LodePNG <version>" to the image.
+*) text_compression: default 1. If 1, it'll store texts as zTXt instead of tEXt chunks.
+  zTXt chunks use zlib compression on the text. This gives a smaller result on
+  large texts but a larger result on small texts (such as a single program name).
+  It's all tEXt or all zTXt though, there's no separate setting per text yet.
+
+
+6. color conversions
+--------------------
+
+An important thing to note about LodePNG, is that the color type of the PNG, and
+the color type of the raw image, are completely independent. By default, when
+you decode a PNG, you get the result as a raw image in the color type you want,
+no matter whether the PNG was encoded with a palette, grayscale or RGBA color.
+And if you encode an image, by default LodePNG will automatically choose the PNG
+color type that gives good compression based on the values of colors and amount
+of colors in the image. It can be configured to let you control it instead as
+well, though.
+
+To be able to do this, LodePNG does conversions from one color mode to another.
+It can convert from almost any color type to any other color type, except the
+following conversions: RGB to grayscale is not supported, and converting to a
+palette when the palette doesn't have a required color is not supported. This is
+not supported on purpose: this is information loss which requires a color
+reduction algorithm that is beyond the scope of a PNG encoder (yes, RGB to gray
+is easy, but there are multiple ways if you want to give some channels more
+weight).
+
+By default, when decoding, you get the raw image in 32-bit RGBA or 24-bit RGB
+color, no matter what color type the PNG has. And by default when encoding,
+LodePNG automatically picks the best color model for the output PNG, and expects
+the input image to be 32-bit RGBA or 24-bit RGB. So, unless you want to control
+the color format of the images yourself, you can skip this chapter.
+
+6.1. PNG color types
+--------------------
+
+A PNG image can have many color types, ranging from 1-bit color to 64-bit color,
+as well as palettized color modes. After the zlib decompression and unfiltering
+in the PNG image is done, the raw pixel data will have that color type and thus
+a certain amount of bits per pixel. If you want the output raw image after
+decoding to have another color type, a conversion is done by LodePNG.
+
+The PNG specification gives the following color types:
+
+0: grayscale, bit depths 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
+2: RGB, bit depths 8 and 16
+3: palette, bit depths 1, 2, 4 and 8
+4: grayscale with alpha, bit depths 8 and 16
+6: RGBA, bit depths 8 and 16
+
+Bit depth is the amount of bits per pixel per color channel. So the total amount
+of bits per pixel is: amount of channels * bitdepth.
+
+6.2. color conversions
+----------------------
+
+As explained in the sections about the encoder and decoder, you can specify
+color types and bit depths in info_png and info_raw to change the default
+behaviour.
+
+If, when decoding, you want the raw image to be something else than the default,
+you need to set the color type and bit depth you want in the LodePNGColorMode,
+or the parameters colortype and bitdepth of the simple decoding function.
+
+If, when encoding, you use another color type than the default in the raw input
+image, you need to specify its color type and bit depth in the LodePNGColorMode
+of the raw image, or use the parameters colortype and bitdepth of the simple
+encoding function.
+
+If, when encoding, you don't want LodePNG to choose the output PNG color type
+but control it yourself, you need to set auto_convert in the encoder settings
+to false, and specify the color type you want in the LodePNGInfo of the
+encoder (including palette: it can generate a palette if auto_convert is true,
+otherwise not).
+
+If the input and output color type differ (whether user chosen or auto chosen),
+LodePNG will do a color conversion, which follows the rules below, and may
+sometimes result in an error.
+
+To avoid some confusion:
+-the decoder converts from PNG to raw image
+-the encoder converts from raw image to PNG
+-the colortype and bitdepth in LodePNGColorMode info_raw, are those of the raw image
+-the colortype and bitdepth in the color field of LodePNGInfo info_png, are those of the PNG
+-when encoding, the color type in LodePNGInfo is ignored if auto_convert
+ is enabled, it is automatically generated instead
+-when decoding, the color type in LodePNGInfo is set by the decoder to that of the original
+ PNG image, but it can be ignored since the raw image has the color type you requested instead
+-if the color type of the LodePNGColorMode and PNG image aren't the same, a conversion
+ between the color types is done if the color types are supported. If it is not
+ supported, an error is returned. If the types are the same, no conversion is done.
+-even though some conversions aren't supported, LodePNG supports loading PNGs from any
+ colortype and saving PNGs to any colortype, sometimes it just requires preparing
+ the raw image correctly before encoding.
+-both encoder and decoder use the same color converter.
+
+The function lodepng_convert does the color conversion. It is available in the
+interface but normally isn't needed since the encoder and decoder already call
+it.
+
+Non supported color conversions:
+-color to grayscale when non-gray pixels are present: no error is thrown, but
+the result will look ugly because only the red channel is taken (it assumes all
+three channels are the same in this case so ignores green and blue). The reason
+no error is given is to allow converting from three-channel grayscale images to
+one-channel even if there are numerical imprecisions.
+-anything to palette when the palette does not have an exact match for a from-color
+in it: in this case an error is thrown
+
+Supported color conversions:
+-anything to 8-bit RGB, 8-bit RGBA, 16-bit RGB, 16-bit RGBA
+-any gray or gray+alpha, to gray or gray+alpha
+-anything to a palette, as long as the palette has the requested colors in it
+-removing alpha channel
+-higher to smaller bitdepth, and vice versa
+
+If you want no color conversion to be done (e.g. for speed or control):
+-In the encoder, you can make it save a PNG with any color type by giving the
+raw color mode and LodePNGInfo the same color mode, and setting auto_convert to
+false.
+-In the decoder, you can make it store the pixel data in the same color type
+as the PNG has, by setting the color_convert setting to false. Settings in
+info_raw are then ignored.
+
+6.3. padding bits
+-----------------
+
+In the PNG file format, if a less than 8-bit per pixel color type is used and the scanlines
+have a bit amount that isn't a multiple of 8, then padding bits are used so that each
+scanline starts at a fresh byte. But that is NOT true for the LodePNG raw input and output.
+The raw input image you give to the encoder, and the raw output image you get from the decoder
+will NOT have these padding bits, e.g. in the case of a 1-bit image with a width
+of 7 pixels, the first pixel of the second scanline will the 8th bit of the first byte,
+not the first bit of a new byte.
+
+6.4. A note about 16-bits per channel and endianness
+----------------------------------------------------
+
+LodePNG uses unsigned char arrays for 16-bit per channel colors too, just like
+for any other color format. The 16-bit values are stored in big endian (most
+significant byte first) in these arrays. This is the opposite order of the
+little endian used by x86 CPU's.
+
+LodePNG always uses big endian because the PNG file format does so internally.
+Conversions to other formats than PNG uses internally are not supported by
+LodePNG on purpose, there are myriads of formats, including endianness of 16-bit
+colors, the order in which you store R, G, B and A, and so on. Supporting and
+converting to/from all that is outside the scope of LodePNG.
+
+This may mean that, depending on your use case, you may want to convert the big
+endian output of LodePNG to little endian with a for loop. This is certainly not
+always needed, many applications and libraries support big endian 16-bit colors
+anyway, but it means you cannot simply cast the unsigned char* buffer to an
+unsigned short* buffer on x86 CPUs.
+
+
+7. error values
+---------------
+
+All functions in LodePNG that return an error code, return 0 if everything went
+OK, or a non-zero code if there was an error.
+
+The meaning of the LodePNG error values can be retrieved with the function
+lodepng_error_text: given the numerical error code, it returns a description
+of the error in English as a string.
+
+Check the implementation of lodepng_error_text to see the meaning of each code.
+
+It is not recommended to use the numerical values to programmatically make
+different decisions based on error types as the numbers are not guaranteed to
+stay backwards compatible. They are for human consumption only. Programmatically
+only 0 or non-0 matter.
+
+
+8. chunks and PNG editing
+-------------------------
+
+If you want to add extra chunks to a PNG you encode, or use LodePNG for a PNG
+editor that should follow the rules about handling of unknown chunks, or if your
+program is able to read other types of chunks than the ones handled by LodePNG,
+then that's possible with the chunk functions of LodePNG.
+
+A PNG chunk has the following layout:
+
+4 bytes length
+4 bytes type name
+length bytes data
+4 bytes CRC
+
+8.1. iterating through chunks
+-----------------------------
+
+If you have a buffer containing the PNG image data, then the first chunk (the
+IHDR chunk) starts at byte number 8 of that buffer. The first 8 bytes are the
+signature of the PNG and are not part of a chunk. But if you start at byte 8
+then you have a chunk, and can check the following things of it.
+
+NOTE: none of these functions check for memory buffer boundaries. To avoid
+exploits, always make sure the buffer contains all the data of the chunks.
+When using lodepng_chunk_next, make sure the returned value is within the
+allocated memory.
+
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_length(const unsigned char* chunk):
+
+Get the length of the chunk's data. The total chunk length is this length + 12.
+
+void lodepng_chunk_type(char type[5], const unsigned char* chunk):
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_type_equals(const unsigned char* chunk, const char* type):
+
+Get the type of the chunk or compare if it's a certain type
+
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_critical(const unsigned char* chunk):
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_private(const unsigned char* chunk):
+unsigned char lodepng_chunk_safetocopy(const unsigned char* chunk):
+
+Check if the chunk is critical in the PNG standard (only IHDR, PLTE, IDAT and IEND are).
+Check if the chunk is private (public chunks are part of the standard, private ones not).
+Check if the chunk is safe to copy. If it's not, then, when modifying data in a critical
+chunk, unsafe to copy chunks of the old image may NOT be saved in the new one if your
+program doesn't handle that type of unknown chunk.
+
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_data(unsigned char* chunk):
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_data_const(const unsigned char* chunk):
+
+Get a pointer to the start of the data of the chunk.
+
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_check_crc(const unsigned char* chunk):
+void lodepng_chunk_generate_crc(unsigned char* chunk):
+
+Check if the crc is correct or generate a correct one.
+
+unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_next(unsigned char* chunk):
+const unsigned char* lodepng_chunk_next_const(const unsigned char* chunk):
+
+Iterate to the next chunk. This works if you have a buffer with consecutive chunks. Note that these
+functions do no boundary checking of the allocated data whatsoever, so make sure there is enough
+data available in the buffer to be able to go to the next chunk.
+
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_append(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, const unsigned char* chunk):
+unsigned lodepng_chunk_create(unsigned char** out, size_t* outsize, unsigned length,
+                              const char* type, const unsigned char* data):
+
+These functions are used to create new chunks that are appended to the data in *out that has
+length *outsize. The append function appends an existing chunk to the new data. The create
+function creates a new chunk with the given parameters and appends it. Type is the 4-letter
+name of the chunk.
+
+8.2. chunks in info_png
+-----------------------
+
+The LodePNGInfo struct contains fields with the unknown chunk in it. It has 3
+buffers (each with size) to contain 3 types of unknown chunks:
+the ones that come before the PLTE chunk, the ones that come between the PLTE
+and the IDAT chunks, and the ones that come after the IDAT chunks.
+It's necessary to make the distinction between these 3 cases because the PNG
+standard forces to keep the ordering of unknown chunks compared to the critical
+chunks, but does not force any other ordering rules.
+
+info_png.unknown_chunks_data[0] is the chunks before PLTE
+info_png.unknown_chunks_data[1] is the chunks after PLTE, before IDAT
+info_png.unknown_chunks_data[2] is the chunks after IDAT
+
+The chunks in these 3 buffers can be iterated through and read by using the same
+way described in the previous subchapter.
+
+When using the decoder to decode a PNG, you can make it store all unknown chunks
+if you set the option settings.remember_unknown_chunks to 1. By default, this
+option is off (0).
+
+The encoder will always encode unknown chunks that are stored in the info_png.
+If you need it to add a particular chunk that isn't known by LodePNG, you can
+use lodepng_chunk_append or lodepng_chunk_create to the chunk data in
+info_png.unknown_chunks_data[x].
+
+Chunks that are known by LodePNG should not be added in that way. E.g. to make
+LodePNG add a bKGD chunk, set background_defined to true and add the correct
+parameters there instead.
+
+
+9. compiler support
+-------------------
+
+No libraries other than the current standard C library are needed to compile
+LodePNG. For the C++ version, only the standard C++ library is needed on top.
+Add the files lodepng.c(pp) and lodepng.h to your project, include
+lodepng.h where needed, and your program can read/write PNG files.
+
+It is compatible with C90 and up, and C++03 and up.
+
+If performance is important, use optimization when compiling! For both the
+encoder and decoder, this makes a large difference.
+
+Make sure that LodePNG is compiled with the same compiler of the same version
+and with the same settings as the rest of the program, or the interfaces with
+std::vectors and std::strings in C++ can be incompatible.
+
+CHAR_BITS must be 8 or higher, because LodePNG uses unsigned chars for octets.
+
+*) gcc and g++
+
+LodePNG is developed in gcc so this compiler is natively supported. It gives no
+warnings with compiler options "-Wall -Wextra -pedantic -ansi", with gcc and g++
+version 4.7.1 on Linux, 32-bit and 64-bit.
+
+*) Clang
+
+Fully supported and warning-free.
+
+*) Mingw
+
+The Mingw compiler (a port of gcc for Windows) should be fully supported by
+LodePNG.
+
+*) Visual Studio and Visual C++ Express Edition
+
+LodePNG should be warning-free with warning level W4. Two warnings were disabled
+with pragmas though: warning 4244 about implicit conversions, and warning 4996
+where it wants to use a non-standard function fopen_s instead of the standard C
+fopen.
+
+Visual Studio may want "stdafx.h" files to be included in each source file and
+give an error "unexpected end of file while looking for precompiled header".
+This is not standard C++ and will not be added to the stock LodePNG. You can
+disable it for lodepng.cpp only by right clicking it, Properties, C/C++,
+Precompiled Headers, and set it to Not Using Precompiled Headers there.
+
+NOTE: Modern versions of VS should be fully supported, but old versions, e.g.
+VS6, are not guaranteed to work.
+
+*) Compilers on Macintosh
+
+LodePNG has been reported to work both with gcc and LLVM for Macintosh, both for
+C and C++.
+
+*) Other Compilers
+
+If you encounter problems on any compilers, feel free to let me know and I may
+try to fix it if the compiler is modern and standards compliant.
+
+
+10. examples
+------------
+
+This decoder example shows the most basic usage of LodePNG. More complex
+examples can be found on the LodePNG website.
+
+NOTE: these examples do not support wide-character filenames, you can use an
+external method to handle such files and encode or decode in-memory
+
+10.1. decoder C++ example
+-------------------------
+
+#include "lodepng.h"
+#include <iostream>
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  const char* filename = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "test.png";
+
+  //load and decode
+  std::vector<unsigned char> image;
+  unsigned width, height;
+  unsigned error = lodepng::decode(image, width, height, filename);
+
+  //if there's an error, display it
+  if(error) std::cout << "decoder error " << error << ": " << lodepng_error_text(error) << std::endl;
+
+  //the pixels are now in the vector "image", 4 bytes per pixel, ordered RGBARGBA..., use it as texture, draw it, ...
+}
+
+10.2. decoder C example
+-----------------------
+
+#include "lodepng.h"
+
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+  unsigned error;
+  unsigned char* image;
+  size_t width, height;
+  const char* filename = argc > 1 ? argv[1] : "test.png";
+
+  error = lodepng_decode32_file(&image, &width, &height, filename);
+
+  if(error) printf("decoder error %u: %s\n", error, lodepng_error_text(error));
+
+  / * use image here * /
+
+  free(image);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+11. state settings reference
+----------------------------
+
+A quick reference of some settings to set on the LodePNGState
+
+For decoding:
+
+state.decoder.zlibsettings.ignore_adler32: ignore ADLER32 checksums
+state.decoder.zlibsettings.custom_...: use custom inflate function
+state.decoder.ignore_crc: ignore CRC checksums
+state.decoder.ignore_critical: ignore unknown critical chunks
+state.decoder.ignore_end: ignore missing IEND chunk. May fail if this corruption causes other errors
+state.decoder.color_convert: convert internal PNG color to chosen one
+state.decoder.read_text_chunks: whether to read in text metadata chunks
+state.decoder.remember_unknown_chunks: whether to read in unknown chunks
+state.info_raw.colortype: desired color type for decoded image
+state.info_raw.bitdepth: desired bit depth for decoded image
+state.info_raw....: more color settings, see struct LodePNGColorMode
+state.info_png....: no settings for decoder but ouput, see struct LodePNGInfo
+
+For encoding:
+
+state.encoder.zlibsettings.btype: disable compression by setting it to 0
+state.encoder.zlibsettings.use_lz77: use LZ77 in compression
+state.encoder.zlibsettings.windowsize: tweak LZ77 windowsize
+state.encoder.zlibsettings.minmatch: tweak min LZ77 length to match
+state.encoder.zlibsettings.nicematch: tweak LZ77 match where to stop searching
+state.encoder.zlibsettings.lazymatching: try one more LZ77 matching
+state.encoder.zlibsettings.custom_...: use custom deflate function
+state.encoder.auto_convert: choose optimal PNG color type, if 0 uses info_png
+state.encoder.filter_palette_zero: PNG filter strategy for palette
+state.encoder.filter_strategy: PNG filter strategy to encode with
+state.encoder.force_palette: add palette even if not encoding to one
+state.encoder.add_id: add LodePNG identifier and version as a text chunk
+state.encoder.text_compression: use compressed text chunks for metadata
+state.info_raw.colortype: color type of raw input image you provide
+state.info_raw.bitdepth: bit depth of raw input image you provide
+state.info_raw: more color settings, see struct LodePNGColorMode
+state.info_png.color.colortype: desired color type if auto_convert is false
+state.info_png.color.bitdepth: desired bit depth if auto_convert is false
+state.info_png.color....: more color settings, see struct LodePNGColorMode
+state.info_png....: more PNG related settings, see struct LodePNGInfo
+
+
+12. changes
+-----------
+
+The version number of LodePNG is the date of the change given in the format
+yyyymmdd.
+
+Some changes aren't backwards compatible. Those are indicated with a (!)
+symbol.
+
+Not all changes are listed here, the commit history in github lists more:
+https://github.com/lvandeve/lodepng
+
+*) 09 jan 2022: minor decoder speed improvements.
+*) 27 jun 2021: added warnings that file reading/writing functions don't support
+   wide-character filenames (support for this is not planned, opening files is
+   not the core part of PNG decoding/decoding and is platform dependent).
+*) 17 okt 2020: prevent decoding too large text/icc chunks by default.
+*) 06 mar 2020: simplified some of the dynamic memory allocations.
+*) 12 jan 2020: (!) added 'end' argument to lodepng_chunk_next to allow correct
+   overflow checks.
+*) 14 aug 2019: around 25% faster decoding thanks to huffman lookup tables.
+*) 15 jun 2019: (!) auto_choose_color API changed (for bugfix: don't use palette
+   if gray ICC profile) and non-ICC LodePNGColorProfile renamed to
+   LodePNGColorStats.
+*) 30 dec 2018: code style changes only: removed newlines before opening braces.
+*) 10 sep 2018: added way to inspect metadata chunks without full decoding.
+*) 19 aug 2018: (!) fixed color mode bKGD is encoded with and made it use
+   palette index in case of palette.
+*) 10 aug 2018: (!) added support for gAMA, cHRM, sRGB and iCCP chunks. This
+   change is backwards compatible unless you relied on unknown_chunks for those.
+*) 11 jun 2018: less restrictive check for pixel size integer overflow
+*) 14 jan 2018: allow optionally ignoring a few more recoverable errors
+*) 17 sep 2017: fix memory leak for some encoder input error cases
+*) 27 nov 2016: grey+alpha auto color model detection bugfix
+*) 18 apr 2016: Changed qsort to custom stable sort (for platforms w/o qsort).
+*) 09 apr 2016: Fixed colorkey usage detection, and better file loading (within
+   the limits of pure C90).
+*) 08 dec 2015: Made load_file function return error if file can't be opened.
+*) 24 okt 2015: Bugfix with decoding to palette output.
+*) 18 apr 2015: Boundary PM instead of just package-merge for faster encoding.
+*) 24 aug 2014: Moved to github
+*) 23 aug 2014: Reduced needless memory usage of decoder.
+*) 28 jun 2014: Removed fix_png setting, always support palette OOB for
+    simplicity. Made ColorProfile public.
+*) 09 jun 2014: Faster encoder by fixing hash bug and more zeros optimization.
+*) 22 dec 2013: Power of two windowsize required for optimization.
+*) 15 apr 2013: Fixed bug with LAC_ALPHA and color key.
+*) 25 mar 2013: Added an optional feature to ignore some PNG errors (fix_png).
+*) 11 mar 2013: (!) Bugfix with custom free. Changed from "my" to "lodepng_"
+    prefix for the custom allocators and made it possible with a new #define to
+    use custom ones in your project without needing to change lodepng's code.
+*) 28 jan 2013: Bugfix with color key.
+*) 27 okt 2012: Tweaks in text chunk keyword length error handling.
+*) 8 okt 2012: (!) Added new filter strategy (entropy) and new auto color mode.
+    (no palette). Better deflate tree encoding. New compression tweak settings.
+    Faster color conversions while decoding. Some internal cleanups.
+*) 23 sep 2012: Reduced warnings in Visual Studio a little bit.
+*) 1 sep 2012: (!) Removed #define's for giving custom (de)compression functions
+    and made it work with function pointers instead.
+*) 23 jun 2012: Added more filter strategies. Made it easier to use custom alloc
+    and free functions and toggle #defines from compiler flags. Small fixes.
+*) 6 may 2012: (!) Made plugging in custom zlib/deflate functions more flexible.
+*) 22 apr 2012: (!) Made interface more consistent, renaming a lot. Removed
+    redundant C++ codec classes. Reduced amount of structs. Everything changed,
+    but it is cleaner now imho and functionality remains the same. Also fixed
+    several bugs and shrunk the implementation code. Made new samples.
+*) 6 nov 2011: (!) By default, the encoder now automatically chooses the best
+    PNG color model and bit depth, based on the amount and type of colors of the
+    raw image. For this, autoLeaveOutAlphaChannel replaced by auto_choose_color.
+*) 9 okt 2011: simpler hash chain implementation for the encoder.
+*) 8 sep 2011: lz77 encoder lazy matching instead of greedy matching.
+*) 23 aug 2011: tweaked the zlib compression parameters after benchmarking.
+    A bug with the PNG filtertype heuristic was fixed, so that it chooses much
+    better ones (it's quite significant). A setting to do an experimental, slow,
+    brute force search for PNG filter types is added.
+*) 17 aug 2011: (!) changed some C zlib related function names.
+*) 16 aug 2011: made the code less wide (max 120 characters per line).
+*) 17 apr 2011: code cleanup. Bugfixes. Convert low to 16-bit per sample colors.
+*) 21 feb 2011: fixed compiling for C90. Fixed compiling with sections disabled.
+*) 11 dec 2010: encoding is made faster, based on suggestion by Peter Eastman
+    to optimize long sequences of zeros.
+*) 13 nov 2010: added LodePNG_InfoColor_hasPaletteAlpha and
+    LodePNG_InfoColor_canHaveAlpha functions for convenience.
+*) 7 nov 2010: added LodePNG_error_text function to get error code description.
+*) 30 okt 2010: made decoding slightly faster
+*) 26 okt 2010: (!) changed some C function and struct names (more consistent).
+     Reorganized the documentation and the declaration order in the header.
+*) 08 aug 2010: only changed some comments and external samples.
+*) 05 jul 2010: fixed bug thanks to warnings in the new gcc version.
+*) 14 mar 2010: fixed bug where too much memory was allocated for char buffers.
+*) 02 sep 2008: fixed bug where it could create empty tree that linux apps could
+    read by ignoring the problem but windows apps couldn't.
+*) 06 jun 2008: added more error checks for out of memory cases.
+*) 26 apr 2008: added a few more checks here and there to ensure more safety.
+*) 06 mar 2008: crash with encoding of strings fixed
+*) 02 feb 2008: support for international text chunks added (iTXt)
+*) 23 jan 2008: small cleanups, and #defines to divide code in sections
+*) 20 jan 2008: support for unknown chunks allowing using LodePNG for an editor.
+*) 18 jan 2008: support for tIME and pHYs chunks added to encoder and decoder.
+*) 17 jan 2008: ability to encode and decode compressed zTXt chunks added
+    Also various fixes, such as in the deflate and the padding bits code.
+*) 13 jan 2008: Added ability to encode Adam7-interlaced images. Improved
+    filtering code of encoder.
+*) 07 jan 2008: (!) changed LodePNG to use ISO C90 instead of C++. A
+    C++ wrapper around this provides an interface almost identical to before.
+    Having LodePNG be pure ISO C90 makes it more portable. The C and C++ code
+    are together in these files but it works both for C and C++ compilers.
+*) 29 dec 2007: (!) changed most integer types to unsigned int + other tweaks
+*) 30 aug 2007: bug fixed which makes this Borland C++ compatible
+*) 09 aug 2007: some VS2005 warnings removed again
+*) 21 jul 2007: deflate code placed in new namespace separate from zlib code
+*) 08 jun 2007: fixed bug with 2- and 4-bit color, and small interlaced images
+*) 04 jun 2007: improved support for Visual Studio 2005: crash with accessing
+    invalid std::vector element [0] fixed, and level 3 and 4 warnings removed
+*) 02 jun 2007: made the encoder add a tag with version by default
+*) 27 may 2007: zlib and png code separated (but still in the same file),
+    simple encoder/decoder functions added for more simple usage cases
+*) 19 may 2007: minor fixes, some code cleaning, new error added (error 69),
+    moved some examples from here to lodepng_examples.cpp
+*) 12 may 2007: palette decoding bug fixed
+*) 24 apr 2007: changed the license from BSD to the zlib license
+*) 11 mar 2007: very simple addition: ability to encode bKGD chunks.
+*) 04 mar 2007: (!) tEXt chunk related fixes, and support for encoding
+    palettized PNG images. Plus little interface change with palette and texts.
+*) 03 mar 2007: Made it encode dynamic Huffman shorter with repeat codes.
+    Fixed a bug where the end code of a block had length 0 in the Huffman tree.
+*) 26 feb 2007: Huffman compression with dynamic trees (BTYPE 2) now implemented
+    and supported by the encoder, resulting in smaller PNGs at the output.
+*) 27 jan 2007: Made the Adler-32 test faster so that a timewaste is gone.
+*) 24 jan 2007: gave encoder an error interface. Added color conversion from any
+    greyscale type to 8-bit greyscale with or without alpha.
+*) 21 jan 2007: (!) Totally changed the interface. It allows more color types
+    to convert to and is more uniform. See the manual for how it works now.
+*) 07 jan 2007: Some cleanup & fixes, and a few changes over the last days:
+    encode/decode custom tEXt chunks, separate classes for zlib & deflate, and
+    at last made the decoder give errors for incorrect Adler32 or Crc.
+*) 01 jan 2007: Fixed bug with encoding PNGs with less than 8 bits per channel.
+*) 29 dec 2006: Added support for encoding images without alpha channel, and
+    cleaned out code as well as making certain parts faster.
+*) 28 dec 2006: Added "Settings" to the encoder.
+*) 26 dec 2006: The encoder now does LZ77 encoding and produces much smaller files now.
+    Removed some code duplication in the decoder. Fixed little bug in an example.
+*) 09 dec 2006: (!) Placed output parameters of public functions as first parameter.
+    Fixed a bug of the decoder with 16-bit per color.
+*) 15 okt 2006: Changed documentation structure
+*) 09 okt 2006: Encoder class added. It encodes a valid PNG image from the
+    given image buffer, however for now it's not compressed.
+*) 08 sep 2006: (!) Changed to interface with a Decoder class
+*) 30 jul 2006: (!) LodePNG_InfoPng , width and height are now retrieved in different
+    way. Renamed decodePNG to decodePNGGeneric.
+*) 29 jul 2006: (!) Changed the interface: image info is now returned as a
+    struct of type LodePNG::LodePNG_Info, instead of a vector, which was a bit clumsy.
+*) 28 jul 2006: Cleaned the code and added new error checks.
+    Corrected terminology "deflate" into "inflate".
+*) 23 jun 2006: Added SDL example in the documentation in the header, this
+    example allows easy debugging by displaying the PNG and its transparency.
+*) 22 jun 2006: (!) Changed way to obtain error value. Added
+    loadFile function for convenience. Made decodePNG32 faster.
+*) 21 jun 2006: (!) Changed type of info vector to unsigned.
+    Changed position of palette in info vector. Fixed an important bug that
+    happened on PNGs with an uncompressed block.
+*) 16 jun 2006: Internally changed unsigned into unsigned where
+    needed, and performed some optimizations.
+*) 07 jun 2006: (!) Renamed functions to decodePNG and placed them
+    in LodePNG namespace. Changed the order of the parameters. Rewrote the
+    documentation in the header. Renamed files to lodepng.cpp and lodepng.h
+*) 22 apr 2006: Optimized and improved some code
+*) 07 sep 2005: (!) Changed to std::vector interface
+*) 12 aug 2005: Initial release (C++, decoder only)
+
+
+13. contact information
+-----------------------
+
+Feel free to contact me with suggestions, problems, comments, ... concerning
+LodePNG. If you encounter a PNG image that doesn't work properly with this
+decoder, feel free to send it and I'll use it to find and fix the problem.
+
+My email address is (puzzle the account and domain together with an @ symbol):
+Domain: gmail dot com.
+Account: lode dot vandevenne.
+
+
+Copyright (c) 2005-2022 Lode Vandevenne
+*/
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/rapidxml.hpp b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/rapidxml.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae91e08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/rapidxml.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2596 @@
+#ifndef RAPIDXML_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define RAPIDXML_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Copyright (C) 2006, 2009 Marcin Kalicinski
+// Version 1.13
+// Revision $DateTime: 2009/05/13 01:46:17 $
+//! \file rapidxml.hpp This file contains rapidxml parser and DOM implementation
+
+// If standard library is disabled, user must provide implementations of required functions and typedefs
+#if !defined(RAPIDXML_NO_STDLIB)
+    #include <cstdlib>      // For std::size_t
+    #include <cassert>      // For assert
+    #include <new>          // For placement new
+#endif
+
+// On MSVC, disable "conditional expression is constant" warning (level 4). 
+// This warning is almost impossible to avoid with certain types of templated code
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    #pragma warning(push)
+    #pragma warning(disable:4127)   // Conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR
+    
+#if defined(RAPIDXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS)
+
+#define RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR(what, where) { parse_error_handler(what, where); assert(0); }
+
+namespace rapidxml
+{
+    //! When exceptions are disabled by defining RAPIDXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS, 
+    //! this function is called to notify user about the error.
+    //! It must be defined by the user.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! This function cannot return. If it does, the results are undefined.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! A very simple definition might look like that:
+    //! <pre>
+    //! void %rapidxml::%parse_error_handler(const char *what, void *where)
+    //! {
+    //!     std::cout << "Parse error: " << what << "\n";
+    //!     std::abort();
+    //! }
+    //! </pre>
+    //! \param what Human readable description of the error.
+    //! \param where Pointer to character data where error was detected.
+    void parse_error_handler(const char *what, void *where);
+}
+
+#else
+    
+#include <exception>    // For std::exception
+
+#define RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR(what, where) throw parse_error(what, where)
+
+namespace rapidxml
+{
+
+    //! Parse error exception. 
+    //! This exception is thrown by the parser when an error occurs. 
+    //! Use what() function to get human-readable error message. 
+    //! Use where() function to get a pointer to position within source text where error was detected.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! If throwing exceptions by the parser is undesirable, 
+    //! it can be disabled by defining RAPIDXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS macro before rapidxml.hpp is included.
+    //! This will cause the parser to call rapidxml::parse_error_handler() function instead of throwing an exception.
+    //! This function must be defined by the user.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! This class derives from <code>std::exception</code> class.
+    class parse_error: public std::exception
+    {
+    
+    public:
+    
+        //! Constructs parse error
+        parse_error(const char *what, void *where)
+            : m_what(what)
+            , m_where(where)
+        {
+        }
+
+        //! Gets human readable description of error.
+        //! \return Pointer to null terminated description of the error.
+        virtual const char *what() const throw()
+        {
+            return m_what;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets pointer to character data where error happened.
+        //! Ch should be the same as char type of xml_document that produced the error.
+        //! \return Pointer to location within the parsed string where error occured.
+        template<class Ch>
+        Ch *where() const
+        {
+            return reinterpret_cast<Ch *>(m_where);
+        }
+
+    private:  
+
+        const char *m_what;
+        void *m_where;
+
+    };
+}
+
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Pool sizes
+
+#ifndef RAPIDXML_STATIC_POOL_SIZE
+    // Size of static memory block of memory_pool.
+    // Define RAPIDXML_STATIC_POOL_SIZE before including rapidxml.hpp if you want to override the default value.
+    // No dynamic memory allocations are performed by memory_pool until static memory is exhausted.
+    #define RAPIDXML_STATIC_POOL_SIZE (64 * 1024)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDXML_DYNAMIC_POOL_SIZE
+    // Size of dynamic memory block of memory_pool.
+    // Define RAPIDXML_DYNAMIC_POOL_SIZE before including rapidxml.hpp if you want to override the default value.
+    // After the static block is exhausted, dynamic blocks with approximately this size are allocated by memory_pool.
+    #define RAPIDXML_DYNAMIC_POOL_SIZE (64 * 1024)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT
+    // Memory allocation alignment.
+    // Define RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT before including rapidxml.hpp if you want to override the default value, which is the size of pointer.
+    // All memory allocations for nodes, attributes and strings will be aligned to this value.
+    // This must be a power of 2 and at least 1, otherwise memory_pool will not work.
+    #define RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT sizeof(void *)
+#endif
+
+namespace rapidxml
+{
+    // Forward declarations
+    template<class Ch> class xml_node;
+    template<class Ch> class xml_attribute;
+    template<class Ch> class xml_document;
+    
+    //! Enumeration listing all node types produced by the parser.
+    //! Use xml_node::type() function to query node type.
+    enum node_type
+    {
+        node_document,      //!< A document node. Name and value are empty.
+        node_element,       //!< An element node. Name contains element name. Value contains text of first data node.
+        node_data,          //!< A data node. Name is empty. Value contains data text.
+        node_cdata,         //!< A CDATA node. Name is empty. Value contains data text.
+        node_comment,       //!< A comment node. Name is empty. Value contains comment text.
+        node_declaration,   //!< A declaration node. Name and value are empty. Declaration parameters (version, encoding and standalone) are in node attributes.
+        node_doctype,       //!< A DOCTYPE node. Name is empty. Value contains DOCTYPE text.
+        node_pi             //!< A PI node. Name contains target. Value contains instructions.
+    };
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Parsing flags
+
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to not create data nodes. 
+    //! Text of first data node will still be placed in value of parent element, unless rapidxml::parse_no_element_values flag is also specified.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_no_data_nodes = 0x1;            
+
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to not use text of first data node as a value of parent element.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! Note that child data nodes of element node take precendence over its value when printing. 
+    //! That is, if element has one or more child data nodes <em>and</em> a value, the value will be ignored.
+    //! Use rapidxml::parse_no_data_nodes flag to prevent creation of data nodes if you want to manipulate data using values of elements.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_no_element_values = 0x2;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to not place zero terminators after strings in the source text.
+    //! By default zero terminators are placed, modifying source text.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_no_string_terminators = 0x4;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to not translate entities in the source text.
+    //! By default entities are translated, modifying source text.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_no_entity_translation = 0x8;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to disable UTF-8 handling and assume plain 8 bit characters.
+    //! By default, UTF-8 handling is enabled.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_no_utf8 = 0x10;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to create XML declaration node.
+    //! By default, declaration node is not created.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_declaration_node = 0x20;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to create comments nodes.
+    //! By default, comment nodes are not created.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_comment_nodes = 0x40;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to create DOCTYPE node.
+    //! By default, doctype node is not created.
+    //! Although W3C specification allows at most one DOCTYPE node, RapidXml will silently accept documents with more than one.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_doctype_node = 0x80;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to create PI nodes.
+    //! By default, PI nodes are not created.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_pi_nodes = 0x100;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to validate closing tag names. 
+    //! If not set, name inside closing tag is irrelevant to the parser.
+    //! By default, closing tags are not validated.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_validate_closing_tags = 0x200;
+    
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to trim all leading and trailing whitespace of data nodes.
+    //! By default, whitespace is not trimmed. 
+    //! This flag does not cause the parser to modify source text.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_trim_whitespace = 0x400;
+
+    //! Parse flag instructing the parser to condense all whitespace runs of data nodes to a single space character.
+    //! Trimming of leading and trailing whitespace of data is controlled by rapidxml::parse_trim_whitespace flag.
+    //! By default, whitespace is not normalized. 
+    //! If this flag is specified, source text will be modified.
+    //! Can be combined with other flags by use of | operator.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_normalize_whitespace = 0x800;
+
+    // Compound flags
+    
+    //! Parse flags which represent default behaviour of the parser. 
+    //! This is always equal to 0, so that all other flags can be simply ored together.
+    //! Normally there is no need to inconveniently disable flags by anding with their negated (~) values.
+    //! This also means that meaning of each flag is a <i>negation</i> of the default setting. 
+    //! For example, if flag name is rapidxml::parse_no_utf8, it means that utf-8 is <i>enabled</i> by default,
+    //! and using the flag will disable it.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_default = 0;
+    
+    //! A combination of parse flags that forbids any modifications of the source text. 
+    //! This also results in faster parsing. However, note that the following will occur:
+    //! <ul>
+    //! <li>names and values of nodes will not be zero terminated, you have to use xml_base::name_size() and xml_base::value_size() functions to determine where name and value ends</li>
+    //! <li>entities will not be translated</li>
+    //! <li>whitespace will not be normalized</li>
+    //! </ul>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_non_destructive = parse_no_string_terminators | parse_no_entity_translation;
+    
+    //! A combination of parse flags resulting in fastest possible parsing, without sacrificing important data.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_fastest = parse_non_destructive | parse_no_data_nodes;
+    
+    //! A combination of parse flags resulting in largest amount of data being extracted. 
+    //! This usually results in slowest parsing.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! See xml_document::parse() function.
+    const int parse_full = parse_declaration_node | parse_comment_nodes | parse_doctype_node | parse_pi_nodes | parse_validate_closing_tags;
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Internals
+
+    //! \cond internal
+    namespace internal
+    {
+
+        // Struct that contains lookup tables for the parser
+        // It must be a template to allow correct linking (because it has static data members, which are defined in a header file).
+        template<int Dummy>
+        struct lookup_tables
+        {
+            static const unsigned char lookup_whitespace[256];              // Whitespace table
+            static const unsigned char lookup_node_name[256];               // Node name table
+            static const unsigned char lookup_text[256];                    // Text table
+            static const unsigned char lookup_text_pure_no_ws[256];         // Text table
+            static const unsigned char lookup_text_pure_with_ws[256];       // Text table
+            static const unsigned char lookup_attribute_name[256];          // Attribute name table
+            static const unsigned char lookup_attribute_data_1[256];        // Attribute data table with single quote
+            static const unsigned char lookup_attribute_data_1_pure[256];   // Attribute data table with single quote
+            static const unsigned char lookup_attribute_data_2[256];        // Attribute data table with double quotes
+            static const unsigned char lookup_attribute_data_2_pure[256];   // Attribute data table with double quotes
+            static const unsigned char lookup_digits[256];                  // Digits
+            static const unsigned char lookup_upcase[256];                  // To uppercase conversion table for ASCII characters
+        };
+
+        // Find length of the string
+        template<class Ch>
+        inline std::size_t measure(const Ch *p)
+        {
+            const Ch *tmp = p;
+            while (*tmp) 
+                ++tmp;
+            return tmp - p;
+        }
+
+        // Compare strings for equality
+        template<class Ch>
+        inline bool compare(const Ch *p1, std::size_t size1, const Ch *p2, std::size_t size2, bool case_sensitive)
+        {
+            if (size1 != size2)
+                return false;
+            if (case_sensitive)
+            {
+                for (const Ch *end = p1 + size1; p1 < end; ++p1, ++p2)
+                    if (*p1 != *p2)
+                        return false;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                for (const Ch *end = p1 + size1; p1 < end; ++p1, ++p2)
+                    if (lookup_tables<0>::lookup_upcase[static_cast<unsigned char>(*p1)] != lookup_tables<0>::lookup_upcase[static_cast<unsigned char>(*p2)])
+                        return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+    //! \endcond
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Memory pool
+    
+    //! This class is used by the parser to create new nodes and attributes, without overheads of dynamic memory allocation.
+    //! In most cases, you will not need to use this class directly. 
+    //! However, if you need to create nodes manually or modify names/values of nodes, 
+    //! you are encouraged to use memory_pool of relevant xml_document to allocate the memory. 
+    //! Not only is this faster than allocating them by using <code>new</code> operator, 
+    //! but also their lifetime will be tied to the lifetime of document, 
+    //! possibly simplyfing memory management. 
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! Call allocate_node() or allocate_attribute() functions to obtain new nodes or attributes from the pool. 
+    //! You can also call allocate_string() function to allocate strings.
+    //! Such strings can then be used as names or values of nodes without worrying about their lifetime.
+    //! Note that there is no <code>free()</code> function -- all allocations are freed at once when clear() function is called, 
+    //! or when the pool is destroyed.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! It is also possible to create a standalone memory_pool, and use it 
+    //! to allocate nodes, whose lifetime will not be tied to any document.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! Pool maintains <code>RAPIDXML_STATIC_POOL_SIZE</code> bytes of statically allocated memory. 
+    //! Until static memory is exhausted, no dynamic memory allocations are done.
+    //! When static memory is exhausted, pool allocates additional blocks of memory of size <code>RAPIDXML_DYNAMIC_POOL_SIZE</code> each,
+    //! by using global <code>new[]</code> and <code>delete[]</code> operators. 
+    //! This behaviour can be changed by setting custom allocation routines. 
+    //! Use set_allocator() function to set them.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! Allocations for nodes, attributes and strings are aligned at <code>RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT</code> bytes.
+    //! This value defaults to the size of pointer on target architecture.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! To obtain absolutely top performance from the parser,
+    //! it is important that all nodes are allocated from a single, contiguous block of memory.
+    //! Otherwise, cache misses when jumping between two (or more) disjoint blocks of memory can slow down parsing quite considerably.
+    //! If required, you can tweak <code>RAPIDXML_STATIC_POOL_SIZE</code>, <code>RAPIDXML_DYNAMIC_POOL_SIZE</code> and <code>RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT</code> 
+    //! to obtain best wasted memory to performance compromise.
+    //! To do it, define their values before rapidxml.hpp file is included.
+    //! \param Ch Character type of created nodes. 
+    template<class Ch = char>
+    class memory_pool
+    {
+        
+    public:
+
+        //! \cond internal
+        typedef void *(alloc_func)(std::size_t);       // Type of user-defined function used to allocate memory
+        typedef void (free_func)(void *);              // Type of user-defined function used to free memory
+        //! \endcond
+        
+        //! Constructs empty pool with default allocator functions.
+        memory_pool()
+            : m_alloc_func(0)
+            , m_free_func(0)
+        {
+            init();
+        }
+
+        //! Destroys pool and frees all the memory. 
+        //! This causes memory occupied by nodes allocated by the pool to be freed.
+        //! Nodes allocated from the pool are no longer valid.
+        ~memory_pool()
+        {
+            clear();
+        }
+
+        //! Allocates a new node from the pool, and optionally assigns name and value to it. 
+        //! If the allocation request cannot be accomodated, this function will throw <code>std::bad_alloc</code>.
+        //! If exceptions are disabled by defining RAPIDXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS, this function
+        //! will call rapidxml::parse_error_handler() function.
+        //! \param type Type of node to create.
+        //! \param name Name to assign to the node, or 0 to assign no name.
+        //! \param value Value to assign to the node, or 0 to assign no value.
+        //! \param name_size Size of name to assign, or 0 to automatically calculate size from name string.
+        //! \param value_size Size of value to assign, or 0 to automatically calculate size from value string.
+        //! \return Pointer to allocated node. This pointer will never be NULL.
+        xml_node<Ch> *allocate_node(node_type type, 
+                                    const Ch *name = 0, const Ch *value = 0, 
+                                    std::size_t name_size = 0, std::size_t value_size = 0)
+        {
+            void *memory = allocate_aligned(sizeof(xml_node<Ch>));
+            xml_node<Ch> *node = new(memory) xml_node<Ch>(type);
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size > 0)
+                    node->name(name, name_size);
+                else
+                    node->name(name);
+            }
+            if (value)
+            {
+                if (value_size > 0)
+                    node->value(value, value_size);
+                else
+                    node->value(value);
+            }
+            return node;
+        }
+
+        //! Allocates a new attribute from the pool, and optionally assigns name and value to it.
+        //! If the allocation request cannot be accomodated, this function will throw <code>std::bad_alloc</code>.
+        //! If exceptions are disabled by defining RAPIDXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS, this function
+        //! will call rapidxml::parse_error_handler() function.
+        //! \param name Name to assign to the attribute, or 0 to assign no name.
+        //! \param value Value to assign to the attribute, or 0 to assign no value.
+        //! \param name_size Size of name to assign, or 0 to automatically calculate size from name string.
+        //! \param value_size Size of value to assign, or 0 to automatically calculate size from value string.
+        //! \return Pointer to allocated attribute. This pointer will never be NULL.
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *allocate_attribute(const Ch *name = 0, const Ch *value = 0, 
+                                              std::size_t name_size = 0, std::size_t value_size = 0)
+        {
+            void *memory = allocate_aligned(sizeof(xml_attribute<Ch>));
+            xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = new(memory) xml_attribute<Ch>;
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size > 0)
+                    attribute->name(name, name_size);
+                else
+                    attribute->name(name);
+            }
+            if (value)
+            {
+                if (value_size > 0)
+                    attribute->value(value, value_size);
+                else
+                    attribute->value(value);
+            }
+            return attribute;
+        }
+
+        //! Allocates a char array of given size from the pool, and optionally copies a given string to it.
+        //! If the allocation request cannot be accomodated, this function will throw <code>std::bad_alloc</code>.
+        //! If exceptions are disabled by defining RAPIDXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS, this function
+        //! will call rapidxml::parse_error_handler() function.
+        //! \param source String to initialize the allocated memory with, or 0 to not initialize it.
+        //! \param size Number of characters to allocate, or zero to calculate it automatically from source string length; if size is 0, source string must be specified and null terminated.
+        //! \return Pointer to allocated char array. This pointer will never be NULL.
+        Ch *allocate_string(const Ch *source = 0, std::size_t size = 0)
+        {
+            assert(source || size);     // Either source or size (or both) must be specified
+            if (size == 0)
+                size = internal::measure(source) + 1;
+            Ch *result = static_cast<Ch *>(allocate_aligned(size * sizeof(Ch)));
+            if (source)
+                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < size; ++i)
+                    result[i] = source[i];
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        //! Clones an xml_node and its hierarchy of child nodes and attributes.
+        //! Nodes and attributes are allocated from this memory pool.
+        //! Names and values are not cloned, they are shared between the clone and the source.
+        //! Result node can be optionally specified as a second parameter, 
+        //! in which case its contents will be replaced with cloned source node.
+        //! This is useful when you want to clone entire document.
+        //! \param source Node to clone.
+        //! \param result Node to put results in, or 0 to automatically allocate result node
+        //! \return Pointer to cloned node. This pointer will never be NULL.
+        xml_node<Ch> *clone_node(const xml_node<Ch> *source, xml_node<Ch> *result = 0)
+        {
+            // Prepare result node
+            if (result)
+            {
+                result->remove_all_attributes();
+                result->remove_all_nodes();
+                result->type(source->type());
+            }
+            else
+                result = allocate_node(source->type());
+
+            // Clone name and value
+            result->name(source->name(), source->name_size());
+            result->value(source->value(), source->value_size());
+
+            // Clone child nodes and attributes
+            for (xml_node<Ch> *child = source->first_node(); child; child = child->next_sibling())
+                result->append_node(clone_node(child));
+            for (xml_attribute<Ch> *attr = source->first_attribute(); attr; attr = attr->next_attribute())
+                result->append_attribute(allocate_attribute(attr->name(), attr->value(), attr->name_size(), attr->value_size()));
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        //! Clears the pool. 
+        //! This causes memory occupied by nodes allocated by the pool to be freed.
+        //! Any nodes or strings allocated from the pool will no longer be valid.
+        void clear()
+        {
+            while (m_begin != m_static_memory)
+            {
+                char *previous_begin = reinterpret_cast<header *>(align(m_begin))->previous_begin;
+                if (m_free_func)
+                    m_free_func(m_begin);
+                else
+                    delete[] m_begin;
+                m_begin = previous_begin;
+            }
+            init();
+        }
+
+        //! Sets or resets the user-defined memory allocation functions for the pool.
+        //! This can only be called when no memory is allocated from the pool yet, otherwise results are undefined.
+        //! Allocation function must not return invalid pointer on failure. It should either throw,
+        //! stop the program, or use <code>longjmp()</code> function to pass control to other place of program. 
+        //! If it returns invalid pointer, results are undefined.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! User defined allocation functions must have the following forms:
+        //! <br><code>
+        //! <br>void *allocate(std::size_t size);
+        //! <br>void free(void *pointer);
+        //! </code><br>
+        //! \param af Allocation function, or 0 to restore default function
+        //! \param ff Free function, or 0 to restore default function
+        void set_allocator(alloc_func *af, free_func *ff)
+        {
+            assert(m_begin == m_static_memory && m_ptr == align(m_begin));    // Verify that no memory is allocated yet
+            m_alloc_func = af;
+            m_free_func = ff;
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        struct header
+        {
+            char *previous_begin;
+        };
+
+        void init()
+        {
+            m_begin = m_static_memory;
+            m_ptr = align(m_begin);
+            m_end = m_static_memory + sizeof(m_static_memory);
+        }
+        
+        char *align(char *ptr)
+        {
+            std::size_t alignment = ((RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT - (std::size_t(ptr) & (RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT - 1))) & (RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT - 1));
+            return ptr + alignment;
+        }
+        
+        char *allocate_raw(std::size_t size)
+        {
+            // Allocate
+            void *memory;   
+            if (m_alloc_func)   // Allocate memory using either user-specified allocation function or global operator new[]
+            {
+                memory = m_alloc_func(size);
+                assert(memory); // Allocator is not allowed to return 0, on failure it must either throw, stop the program or use longjmp
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                memory = new char[size];
+#ifdef RAPIDXML_NO_EXCEPTIONS
+                if (!memory)            // If exceptions are disabled, verify memory allocation, because new will not be able to throw bad_alloc
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("out of memory", 0);
+#endif
+            }
+            return static_cast<char *>(memory);
+        }
+        
+        void *allocate_aligned(std::size_t size)
+        {
+            // Calculate aligned pointer
+            char *result = align(m_ptr);
+
+            // If not enough memory left in current pool, allocate a new pool
+            if (result + size > m_end)
+            {
+                // Calculate required pool size (may be bigger than RAPIDXML_DYNAMIC_POOL_SIZE)
+                std::size_t pool_size = RAPIDXML_DYNAMIC_POOL_SIZE;
+                if (pool_size < size)
+                    pool_size = size;
+                
+                // Allocate
+                std::size_t alloc_size = sizeof(header) + (2 * RAPIDXML_ALIGNMENT - 2) + pool_size;     // 2 alignments required in worst case: one for header, one for actual allocation
+                char *raw_memory = allocate_raw(alloc_size);
+                    
+                // Setup new pool in allocated memory
+                char *pool = align(raw_memory);
+                header *new_header = reinterpret_cast<header *>(pool);
+                new_header->previous_begin = m_begin;
+                m_begin = raw_memory;
+                m_ptr = pool + sizeof(header);
+                m_end = raw_memory + alloc_size;
+
+                // Calculate aligned pointer again using new pool
+                result = align(m_ptr);
+            }
+
+            // Update pool and return aligned pointer
+            m_ptr = result + size;
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        char *m_begin;                                      // Start of raw memory making up current pool
+        char *m_ptr;                                        // First free byte in current pool
+        char *m_end;                                        // One past last available byte in current pool
+        char m_static_memory[RAPIDXML_STATIC_POOL_SIZE];    // Static raw memory
+        alloc_func *m_alloc_func;                           // Allocator function, or 0 if default is to be used
+        free_func *m_free_func;                             // Free function, or 0 if default is to be used
+    };
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // XML base
+
+    //! Base class for xml_node and xml_attribute implementing common functions: 
+    //! name(), name_size(), value(), value_size() and parent().
+    //! \param Ch Character type to use
+    template<class Ch = char>
+    class xml_base
+    {
+
+    public:
+        
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Construction & destruction
+    
+        // Construct a base with empty name, value and parent
+        xml_base()
+            : m_name(0)
+            , m_value(0)
+            , m_parent(0)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Node data access
+    
+        //! Gets name of the node. 
+        //! Interpretation of name depends on type of node.
+        //! Note that name will not be zero-terminated if rapidxml::parse_no_string_terminators option was selected during parse.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! Use name_size() function to determine length of the name.
+        //! \return Name of node, or empty string if node has no name.
+        Ch *name() const
+        {
+            return m_name ? m_name : nullstr();
+        }
+
+        //! Gets size of node name, not including terminator character.
+        //! This function works correctly irrespective of whether name is or is not zero terminated.
+        //! \return Size of node name, in characters.
+        std::size_t name_size() const
+        {
+            return m_name ? m_name_size : 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets value of node. 
+        //! Interpretation of value depends on type of node.
+        //! Note that value will not be zero-terminated if rapidxml::parse_no_string_terminators option was selected during parse.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! Use value_size() function to determine length of the value.
+        //! \return Value of node, or empty string if node has no value.
+        Ch *value() const
+        {
+            return m_value ? m_value : nullstr();
+        }
+
+        //! Gets size of node value, not including terminator character.
+        //! This function works correctly irrespective of whether value is or is not zero terminated.
+        //! \return Size of node value, in characters.
+        std::size_t value_size() const
+        {
+            return m_value ? m_value_size : 0;
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Node modification
+    
+        //! Sets name of node to a non zero-terminated string.
+        //! See \ref ownership_of_strings.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! Note that node does not own its name or value, it only stores a pointer to it. 
+        //! It will not delete or otherwise free the pointer on destruction.
+        //! It is reponsibility of the user to properly manage lifetime of the string.
+        //! The easiest way to achieve it is to use memory_pool of the document to allocate the string -
+        //! on destruction of the document the string will be automatically freed.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! Size of name must be specified separately, because name does not have to be zero terminated.
+        //! Use name(const Ch *) function to have the length automatically calculated (string must be zero terminated).
+        //! \param name Name of node to set. Does not have to be zero terminated.
+        //! \param size Size of name, in characters. This does not include zero terminator, if one is present.
+        void name(const Ch *name, std::size_t size)
+        {
+            m_name = const_cast<Ch *>(name);
+            m_name_size = size;
+        }
+
+        //! Sets name of node to a zero-terminated string.
+        //! See also \ref ownership_of_strings and xml_node::name(const Ch *, std::size_t).
+        //! \param name Name of node to set. Must be zero terminated.
+        void name(const Ch *name)
+        {
+            this->name(name, internal::measure(name));
+        }
+
+        //! Sets value of node to a non zero-terminated string.
+        //! See \ref ownership_of_strings.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! Note that node does not own its name or value, it only stores a pointer to it. 
+        //! It will not delete or otherwise free the pointer on destruction.
+        //! It is reponsibility of the user to properly manage lifetime of the string.
+        //! The easiest way to achieve it is to use memory_pool of the document to allocate the string -
+        //! on destruction of the document the string will be automatically freed.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! Size of value must be specified separately, because it does not have to be zero terminated.
+        //! Use value(const Ch *) function to have the length automatically calculated (string must be zero terminated).
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! If an element has a child node of type node_data, it will take precedence over element value when printing.
+        //! If you want to manipulate data of elements using values, use parser flag rapidxml::parse_no_data_nodes to prevent creation of data nodes by the parser.
+        //! \param value value of node to set. Does not have to be zero terminated.
+        //! \param size Size of value, in characters. This does not include zero terminator, if one is present.
+        void value(const Ch *value, std::size_t size)
+        {
+            m_value = const_cast<Ch *>(value);
+            m_value_size = size;
+        }
+
+        //! Sets value of node to a zero-terminated string.
+        //! See also \ref ownership_of_strings and xml_node::value(const Ch *, std::size_t).
+        //! \param value Vame of node to set. Must be zero terminated.
+        void value(const Ch *value)
+        {
+            this->value(value, internal::measure(value));
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Related nodes access
+    
+        //! Gets node parent.
+        //! \return Pointer to parent node, or 0 if there is no parent.
+        xml_node<Ch> *parent() const
+        {
+            return m_parent;
+        }
+
+    protected:
+
+        // Return empty string
+        static Ch *nullstr()
+        {
+            static Ch zero = Ch('\0');
+            return &zero;
+        }
+
+        Ch *m_name;                         // Name of node, or 0 if no name
+        Ch *m_value;                        // Value of node, or 0 if no value
+        std::size_t m_name_size;            // Length of node name, or undefined of no name
+        std::size_t m_value_size;           // Length of node value, or undefined if no value
+        xml_node<Ch> *m_parent;             // Pointer to parent node, or 0 if none
+
+    };
+
+    //! Class representing attribute node of XML document. 
+    //! Each attribute has name and value strings, which are available through name() and value() functions (inherited from xml_base).
+    //! Note that after parse, both name and value of attribute will point to interior of source text used for parsing. 
+    //! Thus, this text must persist in memory for the lifetime of attribute.
+    //! \param Ch Character type to use.
+    template<class Ch = char>
+    class xml_attribute: public xml_base<Ch>
+    {
+
+        friend class xml_node<Ch>;
+    
+    public:
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Construction & destruction
+    
+        //! Constructs an empty attribute with the specified type. 
+        //! Consider using memory_pool of appropriate xml_document if allocating attributes manually.
+        xml_attribute()
+        {
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Related nodes access
+    
+        //! Gets document of which attribute is a child.
+        //! \return Pointer to document that contains this attribute, or 0 if there is no parent document.
+        xml_document<Ch> *document() const
+        {
+            if (xml_node<Ch> *node = this->parent())
+            {
+                while (node->parent())
+                    node = node->parent();
+                return node->type() == node_document ? static_cast<xml_document<Ch> *>(node) : 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets previous attribute, optionally matching attribute name. 
+        //! \param name Name of attribute to find, or 0 to return previous attribute regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found attribute, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *previous_attribute(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = m_prev_attribute; attribute; attribute = attribute->m_prev_attribute)
+                    if (internal::compare(attribute->name(), attribute->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return attribute;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return this->m_parent ? m_prev_attribute : 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets next attribute, optionally matching attribute name. 
+        //! \param name Name of attribute to find, or 0 to return next attribute regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found attribute, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *next_attribute(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = m_next_attribute; attribute; attribute = attribute->m_next_attribute)
+                    if (internal::compare(attribute->name(), attribute->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return attribute;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return this->m_parent ? m_next_attribute : 0;
+        }
+
+    private:
+
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *m_prev_attribute;        // Pointer to previous sibling of attribute, or 0 if none; only valid if parent is non-zero
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *m_next_attribute;        // Pointer to next sibling of attribute, or 0 if none; only valid if parent is non-zero
+    
+    };
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // XML node
+
+    //! Class representing a node of XML document. 
+    //! Each node may have associated name and value strings, which are available through name() and value() functions. 
+    //! Interpretation of name and value depends on type of the node.
+    //! Type of node can be determined by using type() function.
+    //! <br><br>
+    //! Note that after parse, both name and value of node, if any, will point interior of source text used for parsing. 
+    //! Thus, this text must persist in the memory for the lifetime of node.
+    //! \param Ch Character type to use.
+    template<class Ch = char>
+    class xml_node: public xml_base<Ch>
+    {
+
+    public:
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Construction & destruction
+    
+        //! Constructs an empty node with the specified type. 
+        //! Consider using memory_pool of appropriate document to allocate nodes manually.
+        //! \param type Type of node to construct.
+        xml_node(node_type type)
+            : m_type(type)
+            , m_first_node(0)
+            , m_first_attribute(0)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Node data access
+    
+        //! Gets type of node.
+        //! \return Type of node.
+        node_type type() const
+        {
+            return m_type;
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Related nodes access
+    
+        //! Gets document of which node is a child.
+        //! \return Pointer to document that contains this node, or 0 if there is no parent document.
+        xml_document<Ch> *document() const
+        {
+            xml_node<Ch> *node = const_cast<xml_node<Ch> *>(this);
+            while (node->parent())
+                node = node->parent();
+            return node->type() == node_document ? static_cast<xml_document<Ch> *>(node) : 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets first child node, optionally matching node name.
+        //! \param name Name of child to find, or 0 to return first child regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found child, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_node<Ch> *first_node(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_node<Ch> *child = m_first_node; child; child = child->next_sibling())
+                    if (internal::compare(child->name(), child->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return child;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return m_first_node;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets last child node, optionally matching node name. 
+        //! Behaviour is undefined if node has no children.
+        //! Use first_node() to test if node has children.
+        //! \param name Name of child to find, or 0 to return last child regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found child, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_node<Ch> *last_node(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            assert(m_first_node);  // Cannot query for last child if node has no children
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_node<Ch> *child = m_last_node; child; child = child->previous_sibling())
+                    if (internal::compare(child->name(), child->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return child;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return m_last_node;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets previous sibling node, optionally matching node name. 
+        //! Behaviour is undefined if node has no parent.
+        //! Use parent() to test if node has a parent.
+        //! \param name Name of sibling to find, or 0 to return previous sibling regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found sibling, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_node<Ch> *previous_sibling(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            assert(this->m_parent);     // Cannot query for siblings if node has no parent
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_node<Ch> *sibling = m_prev_sibling; sibling; sibling = sibling->m_prev_sibling)
+                    if (internal::compare(sibling->name(), sibling->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return sibling;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return m_prev_sibling;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets next sibling node, optionally matching node name. 
+        //! Behaviour is undefined if node has no parent.
+        //! Use parent() to test if node has a parent.
+        //! \param name Name of sibling to find, or 0 to return next sibling regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found sibling, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_node<Ch> *next_sibling(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            assert(this->m_parent);     // Cannot query for siblings if node has no parent
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_node<Ch> *sibling = m_next_sibling; sibling; sibling = sibling->m_next_sibling)
+                    if (internal::compare(sibling->name(), sibling->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return sibling;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return m_next_sibling;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets first attribute of node, optionally matching attribute name.
+        //! \param name Name of attribute to find, or 0 to return first attribute regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found attribute, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *first_attribute(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = m_first_attribute; attribute; attribute = attribute->m_next_attribute)
+                    if (internal::compare(attribute->name(), attribute->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return attribute;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return m_first_attribute;
+        }
+
+        //! Gets last attribute of node, optionally matching attribute name.
+        //! \param name Name of attribute to find, or 0 to return last attribute regardless of its name; this string doesn't have to be zero-terminated if name_size is non-zero
+        //! \param name_size Size of name, in characters, or 0 to have size calculated automatically from string
+        //! \param case_sensitive Should name comparison be case-sensitive; non case-sensitive comparison works properly only for ASCII characters
+        //! \return Pointer to found attribute, or 0 if not found.
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *last_attribute(const Ch *name = 0, std::size_t name_size = 0, bool case_sensitive = true) const
+        {
+            if (name)
+            {
+                if (name_size == 0)
+                    name_size = internal::measure(name);
+                for (xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = m_last_attribute; attribute; attribute = attribute->m_prev_attribute)
+                    if (internal::compare(attribute->name(), attribute->name_size(), name, name_size, case_sensitive))
+                        return attribute;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            else
+                return m_first_attribute ? m_last_attribute : 0;
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Node modification
+    
+        //! Sets type of node.
+        //! \param type Type of node to set.
+        void type(node_type type)
+        {
+            m_type = type;
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Node manipulation
+
+        //! Prepends a new child node.
+        //! The prepended child becomes the first child, and all existing children are moved one position back.
+        //! \param child Node to prepend.
+        void prepend_node(xml_node<Ch> *child)
+        {
+            assert(child && !child->parent() && child->type() != node_document);
+            if (first_node())
+            {
+                child->m_next_sibling = m_first_node;
+                m_first_node->m_prev_sibling = child;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                child->m_next_sibling = 0;
+                m_last_node = child;
+            }
+            m_first_node = child;
+            child->m_parent = this;
+            child->m_prev_sibling = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Appends a new child node. 
+        //! The appended child becomes the last child.
+        //! \param child Node to append.
+        void append_node(xml_node<Ch> *child)
+        {
+            assert(child && !child->parent() && child->type() != node_document);
+            if (first_node())
+            {
+                child->m_prev_sibling = m_last_node;
+                m_last_node->m_next_sibling = child;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                child->m_prev_sibling = 0;
+                m_first_node = child;
+            }
+            m_last_node = child;
+            child->m_parent = this;
+            child->m_next_sibling = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Inserts a new child node at specified place inside the node. 
+        //! All children after and including the specified node are moved one position back.
+        //! \param where Place where to insert the child, or 0 to insert at the back.
+        //! \param child Node to insert.
+        void insert_node(xml_node<Ch> *where, xml_node<Ch> *child)
+        {
+            assert(!where || where->parent() == this);
+            assert(child && !child->parent() && child->type() != node_document);
+            if (where == m_first_node)
+                prepend_node(child);
+            else if (where == 0)
+                append_node(child);
+            else
+            {
+                child->m_prev_sibling = where->m_prev_sibling;
+                child->m_next_sibling = where;
+                where->m_prev_sibling->m_next_sibling = child;
+                where->m_prev_sibling = child;
+                child->m_parent = this;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //! Removes first child node. 
+        //! If node has no children, behaviour is undefined.
+        //! Use first_node() to test if node has children.
+        void remove_first_node()
+        {
+            assert(first_node());
+            xml_node<Ch> *child = m_first_node;
+            m_first_node = child->m_next_sibling;
+            if (child->m_next_sibling)
+                child->m_next_sibling->m_prev_sibling = 0;
+            else
+                m_last_node = 0;
+            child->m_parent = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Removes last child of the node. 
+        //! If node has no children, behaviour is undefined.
+        //! Use first_node() to test if node has children.
+        void remove_last_node()
+        {
+            assert(first_node());
+            xml_node<Ch> *child = m_last_node;
+            if (child->m_prev_sibling)
+            {
+                m_last_node = child->m_prev_sibling;
+                child->m_prev_sibling->m_next_sibling = 0;
+            }
+            else
+                m_first_node = 0;
+            child->m_parent = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Removes specified child from the node
+        // \param where Pointer to child to be removed.
+        void remove_node(xml_node<Ch> *where)
+        {
+            assert(where && where->parent() == this);
+            assert(first_node());
+            if (where == m_first_node)
+                remove_first_node();
+            else if (where == m_last_node)
+                remove_last_node();
+            else
+            {
+                where->m_prev_sibling->m_next_sibling = where->m_next_sibling;
+                where->m_next_sibling->m_prev_sibling = where->m_prev_sibling;
+                where->m_parent = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //! Removes all child nodes (but not attributes).
+        void remove_all_nodes()
+        {
+            for (xml_node<Ch> *node = first_node(); node; node = node->m_next_sibling)
+                node->m_parent = 0;
+            m_first_node = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Prepends a new attribute to the node.
+        //! \param attribute Attribute to prepend.
+        void prepend_attribute(xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute)
+        {
+            assert(attribute && !attribute->parent());
+            if (first_attribute())
+            {
+                attribute->m_next_attribute = m_first_attribute;
+                m_first_attribute->m_prev_attribute = attribute;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                attribute->m_next_attribute = 0;
+                m_last_attribute = attribute;
+            }
+            m_first_attribute = attribute;
+            attribute->m_parent = this;
+            attribute->m_prev_attribute = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Appends a new attribute to the node.
+        //! \param attribute Attribute to append.
+        void append_attribute(xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute)
+        {
+            assert(attribute && !attribute->parent());
+            if (first_attribute())
+            {
+                attribute->m_prev_attribute = m_last_attribute;
+                m_last_attribute->m_next_attribute = attribute;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                attribute->m_prev_attribute = 0;
+                m_first_attribute = attribute;
+            }
+            m_last_attribute = attribute;
+            attribute->m_parent = this;
+            attribute->m_next_attribute = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Inserts a new attribute at specified place inside the node. 
+        //! All attributes after and including the specified attribute are moved one position back.
+        //! \param where Place where to insert the attribute, or 0 to insert at the back.
+        //! \param attribute Attribute to insert.
+        void insert_attribute(xml_attribute<Ch> *where, xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute)
+        {
+            assert(!where || where->parent() == this);
+            assert(attribute && !attribute->parent());
+            if (where == m_first_attribute)
+                prepend_attribute(attribute);
+            else if (where == 0)
+                append_attribute(attribute);
+            else
+            {
+                attribute->m_prev_attribute = where->m_prev_attribute;
+                attribute->m_next_attribute = where;
+                where->m_prev_attribute->m_next_attribute = attribute;
+                where->m_prev_attribute = attribute;
+                attribute->m_parent = this;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //! Removes first attribute of the node. 
+        //! If node has no attributes, behaviour is undefined.
+        //! Use first_attribute() to test if node has attributes.
+        void remove_first_attribute()
+        {
+            assert(first_attribute());
+            xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = m_first_attribute;
+            if (attribute->m_next_attribute)
+            {
+                attribute->m_next_attribute->m_prev_attribute = 0;
+            }
+            else
+                m_last_attribute = 0;
+            attribute->m_parent = 0;
+            m_first_attribute = attribute->m_next_attribute;
+        }
+
+        //! Removes last attribute of the node. 
+        //! If node has no attributes, behaviour is undefined.
+        //! Use first_attribute() to test if node has attributes.
+        void remove_last_attribute()
+        {
+            assert(first_attribute());
+            xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = m_last_attribute;
+            if (attribute->m_prev_attribute)
+            {
+                attribute->m_prev_attribute->m_next_attribute = 0;
+                m_last_attribute = attribute->m_prev_attribute;
+            }
+            else
+                m_first_attribute = 0;
+            attribute->m_parent = 0;
+        }
+
+        //! Removes specified attribute from node.
+        //! \param where Pointer to attribute to be removed.
+        void remove_attribute(xml_attribute<Ch> *where)
+        {
+            assert(first_attribute() && where->parent() == this);
+            if (where == m_first_attribute)
+                remove_first_attribute();
+            else if (where == m_last_attribute)
+                remove_last_attribute();
+            else
+            {
+                where->m_prev_attribute->m_next_attribute = where->m_next_attribute;
+                where->m_next_attribute->m_prev_attribute = where->m_prev_attribute;
+                where->m_parent = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        //! Removes all attributes of node.
+        void remove_all_attributes()
+        {
+            for (xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = first_attribute(); attribute; attribute = attribute->m_next_attribute)
+                attribute->m_parent = 0;
+            m_first_attribute = 0;
+        }
+        
+    private:
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Restrictions
+
+        // No copying
+        xml_node(const xml_node &);
+        void operator =(const xml_node &);
+    
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Data members
+    
+        // Note that some of the pointers below have UNDEFINED values if certain other pointers are 0.
+        // This is required for maximum performance, as it allows the parser to omit initialization of 
+        // unneded/redundant values.
+        //
+        // The rules are as follows:
+        // 1. first_node and first_attribute contain valid pointers, or 0 if node has no children/attributes respectively
+        // 2. last_node and last_attribute are valid only if node has at least one child/attribute respectively, otherwise they contain garbage
+        // 3. prev_sibling and next_sibling are valid only if node has a parent, otherwise they contain garbage
+
+        node_type m_type;                       // Type of node; always valid
+        xml_node<Ch> *m_first_node;             // Pointer to first child node, or 0 if none; always valid
+        xml_node<Ch> *m_last_node;              // Pointer to last child node, or 0 if none; this value is only valid if m_first_node is non-zero
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *m_first_attribute;   // Pointer to first attribute of node, or 0 if none; always valid
+        xml_attribute<Ch> *m_last_attribute;    // Pointer to last attribute of node, or 0 if none; this value is only valid if m_first_attribute is non-zero
+        xml_node<Ch> *m_prev_sibling;           // Pointer to previous sibling of node, or 0 if none; this value is only valid if m_parent is non-zero
+        xml_node<Ch> *m_next_sibling;           // Pointer to next sibling of node, or 0 if none; this value is only valid if m_parent is non-zero
+
+    };
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // XML document
+    
+    //! This class represents root of the DOM hierarchy. 
+    //! It is also an xml_node and a memory_pool through public inheritance.
+    //! Use parse() function to build a DOM tree from a zero-terminated XML text string.
+    //! parse() function allocates memory for nodes and attributes by using functions of xml_document, 
+    //! which are inherited from memory_pool.
+    //! To access root node of the document, use the document itself, as if it was an xml_node.
+    //! \param Ch Character type to use.
+    template<class Ch = char>
+    class xml_document: public xml_node<Ch>, public memory_pool<Ch>
+    {
+    
+    public:
+
+        //! Constructs empty XML document
+        xml_document()
+            : xml_node<Ch>(node_document)
+        {
+        }
+
+        //! Parses zero-terminated XML string according to given flags.
+        //! Passed string will be modified by the parser, unless rapidxml::parse_non_destructive flag is used.
+        //! The string must persist for the lifetime of the document.
+        //! In case of error, rapidxml::parse_error exception will be thrown.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! If you want to parse contents of a file, you must first load the file into the memory, and pass pointer to its beginning.
+        //! Make sure that data is zero-terminated.
+        //! <br><br>
+        //! Document can be parsed into multiple times. 
+        //! Each new call to parse removes previous nodes and attributes (if any), but does not clear memory pool.
+        //! \param text XML data to parse; pointer is non-const to denote fact that this data may be modified by the parser.
+        template<int Flags>
+        void parse(Ch *text)
+        {
+            assert(text);
+            
+            // Remove current contents
+            this->remove_all_nodes();
+            this->remove_all_attributes();
+            
+            // Parse BOM, if any
+            parse_bom<Flags>(text);
+            
+            // Parse children
+            while (1)
+            {
+                // Skip whitespace before node
+                skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+                if (*text == 0)
+                    break;
+
+                // Parse and append new child
+                if (*text == Ch('<'))
+                {
+                    ++text;     // Skip '<'
+                    if (xml_node<Ch> *node = parse_node<Flags>(text))
+                        this->append_node(node);
+                }
+                else
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected <", text);
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        //! Clears the document by deleting all nodes and clearing the memory pool.
+        //! All nodes owned by document pool are destroyed.
+        void clear()
+        {
+            this->remove_all_nodes();
+            this->remove_all_attributes();
+            memory_pool<Ch>::clear();
+        }
+        
+    private:
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Internal character utility functions
+        
+        // Detect whitespace character
+        struct whitespace_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_whitespace[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Detect node name character
+        struct node_name_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_node_name[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Detect attribute name character
+        struct attribute_name_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_attribute_name[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Detect text character (PCDATA)
+        struct text_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_text[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Detect text character (PCDATA) that does not require processing
+        struct text_pure_no_ws_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_text_pure_no_ws[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Detect text character (PCDATA) that does not require processing
+        struct text_pure_with_ws_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_text_pure_with_ws[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Detect attribute value character
+        template<Ch Quote>
+        struct attribute_value_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                if (Quote == Ch('\''))
+                    return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_attribute_data_1[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+                if (Quote == Ch('\"'))
+                    return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_attribute_data_2[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+                return 0;       // Should never be executed, to avoid warnings on Comeau
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Detect attribute value character
+        template<Ch Quote>
+        struct attribute_value_pure_pred
+        {
+            static unsigned char test(Ch ch)
+            {
+                if (Quote == Ch('\''))
+                    return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_attribute_data_1_pure[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+                if (Quote == Ch('\"'))
+                    return internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_attribute_data_2_pure[static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)];
+                return 0;       // Should never be executed, to avoid warnings on Comeau
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Insert coded character, using UTF8 or 8-bit ASCII
+        template<int Flags>
+        static void insert_coded_character(Ch *&text, unsigned long code)
+        {
+            if (Flags & parse_no_utf8)
+            {
+                // Insert 8-bit ASCII character
+                // Todo: possibly verify that code is less than 256 and use replacement char otherwise?
+                text[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(code);
+                text += 1;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Insert UTF8 sequence
+                if (code < 0x80)    // 1 byte sequence
+                {
+	                text[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(code);
+                    text += 1;
+                }
+                else if (code < 0x800)  // 2 byte sequence
+                {
+	                text[1] = static_cast<unsigned char>((code | 0x80) & 0xBF); code >>= 6;
+	                text[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(code | 0xC0);
+                    text += 2;
+                }
+	            else if (code < 0x10000)    // 3 byte sequence
+                {
+	                text[2] = static_cast<unsigned char>((code | 0x80) & 0xBF); code >>= 6;
+	                text[1] = static_cast<unsigned char>((code | 0x80) & 0xBF); code >>= 6;
+	                text[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(code | 0xE0);
+                    text += 3;
+                }
+	            else if (code < 0x110000)   // 4 byte sequence
+                {
+	                text[3] = static_cast<unsigned char>((code | 0x80) & 0xBF); code >>= 6;
+	                text[2] = static_cast<unsigned char>((code | 0x80) & 0xBF); code >>= 6;
+	                text[1] = static_cast<unsigned char>((code | 0x80) & 0xBF); code >>= 6;
+	                text[0] = static_cast<unsigned char>(code | 0xF0);
+                    text += 4;
+                }
+                else    // Invalid, only codes up to 0x10FFFF are allowed in Unicode
+                {
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("invalid numeric character entity", text);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Skip characters until predicate evaluates to true
+        template<class StopPred, int Flags>
+        static void skip(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            Ch *tmp = text;
+            while (StopPred::test(*tmp))
+                ++tmp;
+            text = tmp;
+        }
+
+        // Skip characters until predicate evaluates to true while doing the following:
+        // - replacing XML character entity references with proper characters (&apos; &amp; &quot; &lt; &gt; &#...;)
+        // - condensing whitespace sequences to single space character
+        template<class StopPred, class StopPredPure, int Flags>
+        static Ch *skip_and_expand_character_refs(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // If entity translation, whitespace condense and whitespace trimming is disabled, use plain skip
+            if (Flags & parse_no_entity_translation && 
+                !(Flags & parse_normalize_whitespace) &&
+                !(Flags & parse_trim_whitespace))
+            {
+                skip<StopPred, Flags>(text);
+                return text;
+            }
+            
+            // Use simple skip until first modification is detected
+            skip<StopPredPure, Flags>(text);
+
+            // Use translation skip
+            Ch *src = text;
+            Ch *dest = src;
+            while (StopPred::test(*src))
+            {
+                // If entity translation is enabled    
+                if (!(Flags & parse_no_entity_translation))
+                {
+                    // Test if replacement is needed
+                    if (src[0] == Ch('&'))
+                    {
+                        switch (src[1])
+                        {
+
+                        // &amp; &apos;
+                        case Ch('a'): 
+                            if (src[2] == Ch('m') && src[3] == Ch('p') && src[4] == Ch(';'))
+                            {
+                                *dest = Ch('&');
+                                ++dest;
+                                src += 5;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            if (src[2] == Ch('p') && src[3] == Ch('o') && src[4] == Ch('s') && src[5] == Ch(';'))
+                            {
+                                *dest = Ch('\'');
+                                ++dest;
+                                src += 6;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        // &quot;
+                        case Ch('q'): 
+                            if (src[2] == Ch('u') && src[3] == Ch('o') && src[4] == Ch('t') && src[5] == Ch(';'))
+                            {
+                                *dest = Ch('"');
+                                ++dest;
+                                src += 6;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        // &gt;
+                        case Ch('g'): 
+                            if (src[2] == Ch('t') && src[3] == Ch(';'))
+                            {
+                                *dest = Ch('>');
+                                ++dest;
+                                src += 4;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        // &lt;
+                        case Ch('l'): 
+                            if (src[2] == Ch('t') && src[3] == Ch(';'))
+                            {
+                                *dest = Ch('<');
+                                ++dest;
+                                src += 4;
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                            break;
+
+                        // &#...; - assumes ASCII
+                        case Ch('#'): 
+                            if (src[2] == Ch('x'))
+                            {
+                                unsigned long code = 0;
+                                src += 3;   // Skip &#x
+                                while (1)
+                                {
+                                    unsigned char digit = internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_digits[static_cast<unsigned char>(*src)];
+                                    if (digit == 0xFF)
+                                        break;
+                                    code = code * 16 + digit;
+                                    ++src;
+                                }
+                                insert_coded_character<Flags>(dest, code);    // Put character in output
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                unsigned long code = 0;
+                                src += 2;   // Skip &#
+                                while (1)
+                                {
+                                    unsigned char digit = internal::lookup_tables<0>::lookup_digits[static_cast<unsigned char>(*src)];
+                                    if (digit == 0xFF)
+                                        break;
+                                    code = code * 10 + digit;
+                                    ++src;
+                                }
+                                insert_coded_character<Flags>(dest, code);    // Put character in output
+                            }
+                            if (*src == Ch(';'))
+                                ++src;
+                            else
+                                RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected ;", src);
+                            continue;
+
+                        // Something else
+                        default:
+                            // Ignore, just copy '&' verbatim
+                            break;
+
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                
+                // If whitespace condensing is enabled
+                if (Flags & parse_normalize_whitespace)
+                {
+                    // Test if condensing is needed                 
+                    if (whitespace_pred::test(*src))
+                    {
+                        *dest = Ch(' '); ++dest;    // Put single space in dest
+                        ++src;                      // Skip first whitespace char
+                        // Skip remaining whitespace chars
+                        while (whitespace_pred::test(*src))
+                            ++src;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // No replacement, only copy character
+                *dest++ = *src++;
+
+            }
+
+            // Return new end
+            text = src;
+            return dest;
+
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Internal parsing functions
+        
+        // Parse BOM, if any
+        template<int Flags>
+        void parse_bom(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // UTF-8?
+            if (static_cast<unsigned char>(text[0]) == 0xEF && 
+                static_cast<unsigned char>(text[1]) == 0xBB && 
+                static_cast<unsigned char>(text[2]) == 0xBF)
+            {
+                text += 3;      // Skup utf-8 bom
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parse XML declaration (<?xml...)
+        template<int Flags>
+        xml_node<Ch> *parse_xml_declaration(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // If parsing of declaration is disabled
+            if (!(Flags & parse_declaration_node))
+            {
+                // Skip until end of declaration
+                while (text[0] != Ch('?') || text[1] != Ch('>'))
+                {
+                    if (!text[0])
+                        RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                    ++text;
+                }
+                text += 2;    // Skip '?>'
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            // Create declaration
+            xml_node<Ch> *declaration = this->allocate_node(node_declaration);
+
+            // Skip whitespace before attributes or ?>
+            skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+
+            // Parse declaration attributes
+            parse_node_attributes<Flags>(text, declaration);
+            
+            // Skip ?>
+            if (text[0] != Ch('?') || text[1] != Ch('>'))
+                RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected ?>", text);
+            text += 2;
+            
+            return declaration;
+        }
+
+        // Parse XML comment (<!--...)
+        template<int Flags>
+        xml_node<Ch> *parse_comment(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // If parsing of comments is disabled
+            if (!(Flags & parse_comment_nodes))
+            {
+                // Skip until end of comment
+                while (text[0] != Ch('-') || text[1] != Ch('-') || text[2] != Ch('>'))
+                {
+                    if (!text[0])
+                        RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                    ++text;
+                }
+                text += 3;     // Skip '-->'
+                return 0;      // Do not produce comment node
+            }
+
+            // Remember value start
+            Ch *value = text;
+
+            // Skip until end of comment
+            while (text[0] != Ch('-') || text[1] != Ch('-') || text[2] != Ch('>'))
+            {
+                if (!text[0])
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                ++text;
+            }
+
+            // Create comment node
+            xml_node<Ch> *comment = this->allocate_node(node_comment);
+            comment->value(value, text - value);
+            
+            // Place zero terminator after comment value
+            if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+                *text = Ch('\0');
+            
+            text += 3;     // Skip '-->'
+            return comment;
+        }
+
+        // Parse DOCTYPE
+        template<int Flags>
+        xml_node<Ch> *parse_doctype(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // Remember value start
+            Ch *value = text;
+
+            // Skip to >
+            while (*text != Ch('>'))
+            {
+                // Determine character type
+                switch (*text)
+                {
+                
+                // If '[' encountered, scan for matching ending ']' using naive algorithm with depth
+                // This works for all W3C test files except for 2 most wicked
+                case Ch('['):
+                {
+                    ++text;     // Skip '['
+                    int depth = 1;
+                    while (depth > 0)
+                    {
+                        switch (*text)
+                        {
+                            case Ch('['): ++depth; break;
+                            case Ch(']'): --depth; break;
+                            case 0: RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                        }
+                        ++text;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                
+                // Error on end of text
+                case Ch('\0'):
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                
+                // Other character, skip it
+                default:
+                    ++text;
+
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // If DOCTYPE nodes enabled
+            if (Flags & parse_doctype_node)
+            {
+                // Create a new doctype node
+                xml_node<Ch> *doctype = this->allocate_node(node_doctype);
+                doctype->value(value, text - value);
+                
+                // Place zero terminator after value
+                if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+                    *text = Ch('\0');
+
+                text += 1;      // skip '>'
+                return doctype;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                text += 1;      // skip '>'
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+        }
+
+        // Parse PI
+        template<int Flags>
+        xml_node<Ch> *parse_pi(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // If creation of PI nodes is enabled
+            if (Flags & parse_pi_nodes)
+            {
+                // Create pi node
+                xml_node<Ch> *pi = this->allocate_node(node_pi);
+
+                // Extract PI target name
+                Ch *name = text;
+                skip<node_name_pred, Flags>(text);
+                if (text == name)
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected PI target", text);
+                pi->name(name, text - name);
+                
+                // Skip whitespace between pi target and pi
+                skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+
+                // Remember start of pi
+                Ch *value = text;
+                
+                // Skip to '?>'
+                while (text[0] != Ch('?') || text[1] != Ch('>'))
+                {
+                    if (*text == Ch('\0'))
+                        RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                    ++text;
+                }
+
+                // Set pi value (verbatim, no entity expansion or whitespace normalization)
+                pi->value(value, text - value);     
+                
+                // Place zero terminator after name and value
+                if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+                {
+                    pi->name()[pi->name_size()] = Ch('\0');
+                    pi->value()[pi->value_size()] = Ch('\0');
+                }
+                
+                text += 2;                          // Skip '?>'
+                return pi;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Skip to '?>'
+                while (text[0] != Ch('?') || text[1] != Ch('>'))
+                {
+                    if (*text == Ch('\0'))
+                        RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                    ++text;
+                }
+                text += 2;    // Skip '?>'
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parse and append data
+        // Return character that ends data.
+        // This is necessary because this character might have been overwritten by a terminating 0
+        template<int Flags>
+        Ch parse_and_append_data(xml_node<Ch> *node, Ch *&text, Ch *contents_start)
+        {
+            // Backup to contents start if whitespace trimming is disabled
+            if (!(Flags & parse_trim_whitespace))
+                text = contents_start;     
+            
+            // Skip until end of data
+            Ch *value = text, *end;
+            if (Flags & parse_normalize_whitespace)
+                end = skip_and_expand_character_refs<text_pred, text_pure_with_ws_pred, Flags>(text);   
+            else
+                end = skip_and_expand_character_refs<text_pred, text_pure_no_ws_pred, Flags>(text);
+
+            // Trim trailing whitespace if flag is set; leading was already trimmed by whitespace skip after >
+            if (Flags & parse_trim_whitespace)
+            {
+                if (Flags & parse_normalize_whitespace)
+                {
+                    // Whitespace is already condensed to single space characters by skipping function, so just trim 1 char off the end
+                    if (*(end - 1) == Ch(' '))
+                        --end;
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Backup until non-whitespace character is found
+                    while (whitespace_pred::test(*(end - 1)))
+                        --end;
+                }
+            }
+            
+            // If characters are still left between end and value (this test is only necessary if normalization is enabled)
+            // Create new data node
+            if (!(Flags & parse_no_data_nodes))
+            {
+                xml_node<Ch> *data = this->allocate_node(node_data);
+                data->value(value, end - value);
+                node->append_node(data);
+            }
+
+            // Add data to parent node if no data exists yet
+            if (!(Flags & parse_no_element_values)) 
+                if (*node->value() == Ch('\0'))
+                    node->value(value, end - value);
+
+            // Place zero terminator after value
+            if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+            {
+                Ch ch = *text;
+                *end = Ch('\0');
+                return ch;      // Return character that ends data; this is required because zero terminator overwritten it
+            }
+
+            // Return character that ends data
+            return *text;
+        }
+
+        // Parse CDATA
+        template<int Flags>
+        xml_node<Ch> *parse_cdata(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // If CDATA is disabled
+            if (Flags & parse_no_data_nodes)
+            {
+                // Skip until end of cdata
+                while (text[0] != Ch(']') || text[1] != Ch(']') || text[2] != Ch('>'))
+                {
+                    if (!text[0])
+                        RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                    ++text;
+                }
+                text += 3;      // Skip ]]>
+                return 0;       // Do not produce CDATA node
+            }
+
+            // Skip until end of cdata
+            Ch *value = text;
+            while (text[0] != Ch(']') || text[1] != Ch(']') || text[2] != Ch('>'))
+            {
+                if (!text[0])
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                ++text;
+            }
+
+            // Create new cdata node
+            xml_node<Ch> *cdata = this->allocate_node(node_cdata);
+            cdata->value(value, text - value);
+
+            // Place zero terminator after value
+            if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+                *text = Ch('\0');
+
+            text += 3;      // Skip ]]>
+            return cdata;
+        }
+        
+        // Parse element node
+        template<int Flags>
+        xml_node<Ch> *parse_element(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // Create element node
+            xml_node<Ch> *element = this->allocate_node(node_element);
+
+            // Extract element name
+            Ch *name = text;
+            skip<node_name_pred, Flags>(text);
+            if (text == name)
+                RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected element name", text);
+            element->name(name, text - name);
+            
+            // Skip whitespace between element name and attributes or >
+            skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+
+            // Parse attributes, if any
+            parse_node_attributes<Flags>(text, element);
+
+            // Determine ending type
+            if (*text == Ch('>'))
+            {
+                ++text;
+                parse_node_contents<Flags>(text, element);
+            }
+            else if (*text == Ch('/'))
+            {
+                ++text;
+                if (*text != Ch('>'))
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected >", text);
+                ++text;
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected >", text);
+
+            // Place zero terminator after name
+            if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+                element->name()[element->name_size()] = Ch('\0');
+
+            // Return parsed element
+            return element;
+        }
+
+        // Determine node type, and parse it
+        template<int Flags>
+        xml_node<Ch> *parse_node(Ch *&text)
+        {
+            // Parse proper node type
+            switch (text[0])
+            {
+
+            // <...
+            default: 
+                // Parse and append element node
+                return parse_element<Flags>(text);
+
+            // <?...
+            case Ch('?'): 
+                ++text;     // Skip ?
+                if ((text[0] == Ch('x') || text[0] == Ch('X')) &&
+                    (text[1] == Ch('m') || text[1] == Ch('M')) && 
+                    (text[2] == Ch('l') || text[2] == Ch('L')) &&
+                    whitespace_pred::test(text[3]))
+                {
+                    // '<?xml ' - xml declaration
+                    text += 4;      // Skip 'xml '
+                    return parse_xml_declaration<Flags>(text);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Parse PI
+                    return parse_pi<Flags>(text);
+                }
+            
+            // <!...
+            case Ch('!'): 
+
+                // Parse proper subset of <! node
+                switch (text[1])    
+                {
+                
+                // <!-
+                case Ch('-'):
+                    if (text[2] == Ch('-'))
+                    {
+                        // '<!--' - xml comment
+                        text += 3;     // Skip '!--'
+                        return parse_comment<Flags>(text);
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                // <![
+                case Ch('['):
+                    if (text[2] == Ch('C') && text[3] == Ch('D') && text[4] == Ch('A') && 
+                        text[5] == Ch('T') && text[6] == Ch('A') && text[7] == Ch('['))
+                    {
+                        // '<![CDATA[' - cdata
+                        text += 8;     // Skip '![CDATA['
+                        return parse_cdata<Flags>(text);
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                // <!D
+                case Ch('D'):
+                    if (text[2] == Ch('O') && text[3] == Ch('C') && text[4] == Ch('T') && 
+                        text[5] == Ch('Y') && text[6] == Ch('P') && text[7] == Ch('E') && 
+                        whitespace_pred::test(text[8]))
+                    {
+                        // '<!DOCTYPE ' - doctype
+                        text += 9;      // skip '!DOCTYPE '
+                        return parse_doctype<Flags>(text);
+                    }
+
+                }   // switch
+
+                // Attempt to skip other, unrecognized node types starting with <!
+                ++text;     // Skip !
+                while (*text != Ch('>'))
+                {
+                    if (*text == 0)
+                        RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+                    ++text;
+                }
+                ++text;     // Skip '>'
+                return 0;   // No node recognized
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parse contents of the node - children, data etc.
+        template<int Flags>
+        void parse_node_contents(Ch *&text, xml_node<Ch> *node)
+        {
+            // For all children and text
+            while (1)
+            {
+                // Skip whitespace between > and node contents
+                Ch *contents_start = text;      // Store start of node contents before whitespace is skipped
+                skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+                Ch next_char = *text;
+
+            // After data nodes, instead of continuing the loop, control jumps here.
+            // This is because zero termination inside parse_and_append_data() function
+            // would wreak havoc with the above code.
+            // Also, skipping whitespace after data nodes is unnecessary.
+            after_data_node:    
+                
+                // Determine what comes next: node closing, child node, data node, or 0?
+                switch (next_char)
+                {
+                
+                // Node closing or child node
+                case Ch('<'):
+                    if (text[1] == Ch('/'))
+                    {
+                        // Node closing
+                        text += 2;      // Skip '</'
+                        if (Flags & parse_validate_closing_tags)
+                        {
+                            // Skip and validate closing tag name
+                            Ch *closing_name = text;
+                            skip<node_name_pred, Flags>(text);
+                            if (!internal::compare(node->name(), node->name_size(), closing_name, text - closing_name, true))
+                                RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("invalid closing tag name", text);
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            // No validation, just skip name
+                            skip<node_name_pred, Flags>(text);
+                        }
+                        // Skip remaining whitespace after node name
+                        skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+                        if (*text != Ch('>'))
+                            RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected >", text);
+                        ++text;     // Skip '>'
+                        return;     // Node closed, finished parsing contents
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        // Child node
+                        ++text;     // Skip '<'
+                        if (xml_node<Ch> *child = parse_node<Flags>(text))
+                            node->append_node(child);
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                // End of data - error
+                case Ch('\0'):
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("unexpected end of data", text);
+
+                // Data node
+                default:
+                    next_char = parse_and_append_data<Flags>(node, text, contents_start);
+                    goto after_data_node;   // Bypass regular processing after data nodes
+
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        // Parse XML attributes of the node
+        template<int Flags>
+        void parse_node_attributes(Ch *&text, xml_node<Ch> *node)
+        {
+            // For all attributes 
+            while (attribute_name_pred::test(*text))
+            {
+                // Extract attribute name
+                Ch *name = text;
+                ++text;     // Skip first character of attribute name
+                skip<attribute_name_pred, Flags>(text);
+                if (text == name)
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected attribute name", name);
+
+                // Create new attribute
+                xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = this->allocate_attribute();
+                attribute->name(name, text - name);
+                node->append_attribute(attribute);
+
+                // Skip whitespace after attribute name
+                skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+
+                // Skip =
+                if (*text != Ch('='))
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected =", text);
+                ++text;
+
+                // Add terminating zero after name
+                if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+                    attribute->name()[attribute->name_size()] = 0;
+
+                // Skip whitespace after =
+                skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+
+                // Skip quote and remember if it was ' or "
+                Ch quote = *text;
+                if (quote != Ch('\'') && quote != Ch('"'))
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected ' or \"", text);
+                ++text;
+
+                // Extract attribute value and expand char refs in it
+                Ch *value = text, *end;
+                const int AttFlags = Flags & ~parse_normalize_whitespace;   // No whitespace normalization in attributes
+                if (quote == Ch('\''))
+                    end = skip_and_expand_character_refs<attribute_value_pred<Ch('\'')>, attribute_value_pure_pred<Ch('\'')>, AttFlags>(text);
+                else
+                    end = skip_and_expand_character_refs<attribute_value_pred<Ch('"')>, attribute_value_pure_pred<Ch('"')>, AttFlags>(text);
+                
+                // Set attribute value
+                attribute->value(value, end - value);
+                
+                // Make sure that end quote is present
+                if (*text != quote)
+                    RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR("expected ' or \"", text);
+                ++text;     // Skip quote
+
+                // Add terminating zero after value
+                if (!(Flags & parse_no_string_terminators))
+                    attribute->value()[attribute->value_size()] = 0;
+
+                // Skip whitespace after attribute value
+                skip<whitespace_pred, Flags>(text);
+            }
+        }
+
+    };
+
+    //! \cond internal
+    namespace internal
+    {
+
+        // Whitespace (space \n \r \t)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_whitespace[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  0,  1,  0,  0,  // 0
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 1
+             1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 2
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 3
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 4
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 5
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 6
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 7
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 8
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 9
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // A
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // B
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // C
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // D
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // E
+             0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0   // F
+        };
+
+        // Node name (anything but space \n \r \t / > ? \0)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_node_name[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Text (i.e. PCDATA) (anything but < \0)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_text[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Text (i.e. PCDATA) that does not require processing when ws normalization is disabled 
+        // (anything but < \0 &)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_text_pure_no_ws[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Text (i.e. PCDATA) that does not require processing when ws normalizationis is enabled
+        // (anything but < \0 & space \n \r \t)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_text_pure_with_ws[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Attribute name (anything but space \n \r \t / < > = ? ! \0)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_attribute_name[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  0,  0,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Attribute data with single quote (anything but ' \0)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_attribute_data_1[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Attribute data with single quote that does not require processing (anything but ' \0 &)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_attribute_data_1_pure[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  0,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Attribute data with double quote (anything but " \0)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_attribute_data_2[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Attribute data with double quote that does not require processing (anything but " \0 &)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_attribute_data_2_pure[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+             0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 0
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 1
+             1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  0,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 2
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 3
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 4
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 5
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 6
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 7
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 8
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // 9
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // A
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // B
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // C
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // D
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  // E
+             1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1,  1   // F
+        };
+
+        // Digits (dec and hex, 255 denotes end of numeric character reference)
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_digits[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0   1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   A   B   C   D   E   F
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 0
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 1
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 2
+             0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 3
+           255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 4
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 5
+           255, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 6
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 7
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 8
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // 9
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // A
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // B
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // C
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // D
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,  // E
+           255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255,255   // F
+        };
+    
+        // Upper case conversion
+        template<int Dummy>
+        const unsigned char lookup_tables<Dummy>::lookup_upcase[256] = 
+        {
+          // 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  A   B   C   D   E   F
+           0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9,  10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,   // 0
+           16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,   // 1
+           32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,   // 2
+           48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,   // 3
+           64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,   // 4
+           80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95,   // 5
+           96, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79,   // 6
+           80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 123,124,125,126,127,  // 7
+           128,129,130,131,132,133,134,135,136,137,138,139,140,141,142,143,  // 8
+           144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,  // 9
+           160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,  // A
+           176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,  // B
+           192,193,194,195,196,197,198,199,200,201,202,203,204,205,206,207,  // C
+           208,209,210,211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,  // D
+           224,225,226,227,228,229,230,231,232,233,234,235,236,237,238,239,  // E
+           240,241,242,243,244,245,246,247,248,249,250,251,252,253,254,255   // F
+        };
+    }
+    //! \endcond
+
+}
+
+// Undefine internal macros
+#undef RAPIDXML_PARSE_ERROR
+
+// On MSVC, restore warnings state
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    #pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/rapidxml_print.hpp b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/rapidxml_print.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b070e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/rapidxml_print.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+#ifndef RAPIDXML_PRINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+#define RAPIDXML_PRINT_HPP_INCLUDED
+
+// Copyright (C) 2006, 2009 Marcin Kalicinski
+// Version 1.13
+// Revision $DateTime: 2009/05/13 01:46:17 $
+//! \file rapidxml_print.hpp This file contains rapidxml printer implementation
+
+#include "rapidxml.hpp"
+
+// Only include streams if not disabled
+#ifndef RAPIDXML_NO_STREAMS
+    #include <ostream>
+    #include <iterator>
+#endif
+
+namespace rapidxml
+{
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Printing flags
+
+    const int print_no_indenting = 0x1;   //!< Printer flag instructing the printer to suppress indenting of XML. See print() function.
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Internal
+
+    //! \cond internal
+    namespace internal
+    {
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Internal character operations
+
+        // Copy characters from given range to given output iterator
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt copy_chars(const Ch *begin, const Ch *end, OutIt out)
+        {
+            while (begin != end)
+                *out++ = *begin++;
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Copy characters from given range to given output iterator and expand
+        // characters into references (&lt; &gt; &apos; &quot; &amp;)
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt copy_and_expand_chars(const Ch *begin, const Ch *end, Ch noexpand, OutIt out)
+        {
+            while (begin != end)
+            {
+                if (*begin == noexpand)
+                {
+                    *out++ = *begin;    // No expansion, copy character
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    switch (*begin)
+                    {
+                    case Ch('<'):
+                        *out++ = Ch('&'); *out++ = Ch('l'); *out++ = Ch('t'); *out++ = Ch(';');
+                        break;
+                    case Ch('>'):
+                        *out++ = Ch('&'); *out++ = Ch('g'); *out++ = Ch('t'); *out++ = Ch(';');
+                        break;
+                    case Ch('\''):
+                        *out++ = Ch('&'); *out++ = Ch('a'); *out++ = Ch('p'); *out++ = Ch('o'); *out++ = Ch('s'); *out++ = Ch(';');
+                        break;
+                    case Ch('"'):
+                        *out++ = Ch('&'); *out++ = Ch('q'); *out++ = Ch('u'); *out++ = Ch('o'); *out++ = Ch('t'); *out++ = Ch(';');
+                        break;
+                    case Ch('&'):
+                        *out++ = Ch('&'); *out++ = Ch('a'); *out++ = Ch('m'); *out++ = Ch('p'); *out++ = Ch(';');
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        *out++ = *begin;    // No expansion, copy character
+                    }
+                }
+                ++begin;    // Step to next character
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Fill given output iterator with repetitions of the same character
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt fill_chars(OutIt out, int n, Ch ch)
+        {
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i)
+                *out++ = ch;
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Find character
+        template<class Ch, Ch ch>
+        inline bool find_char(const Ch *begin, const Ch *end)
+        {
+            while (begin != end)
+                if (*begin++ == ch)
+                    return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+        // Internal printing operations
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_children(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_attributes(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_data_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_cdata_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_element_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_declaration_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_comment_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_doctype_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+
+template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+inline OutIt print_pi_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent);
+        // Print node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            // Print proper node type
+            switch (node->type())
+            {
+
+            // Document
+            case node_document:
+                out = print_children(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+            // Element
+            case node_element:
+                out = print_element_node(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+            // Data
+            case node_data:
+                out = print_data_node(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+            // CDATA
+            case node_cdata:
+                out = print_cdata_node(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+            // Declaration
+            case node_declaration:
+                out = print_declaration_node(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+            // Comment
+            case node_comment:
+                out = print_comment_node(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+            // Doctype
+            case node_doctype:
+                out = print_doctype_node(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+            // Pi
+            case node_pi:
+                out = print_pi_node(out, node, flags, indent);
+                break;
+
+                // Unknown
+            default:
+                assert(0);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // If indenting not disabled, add line break after node
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                *out = Ch('\n'), ++out;
+
+            // Return modified iterator
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print children of the node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_children(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            for (xml_node<Ch> *child = node->first_node(); child; child = child->next_sibling())
+                out = print_node(out, child, flags, indent);
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print attributes of the node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_attributes(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags)
+        {
+            for (xml_attribute<Ch> *attribute = node->first_attribute(); attribute; attribute = attribute->next_attribute())
+            {
+                if (attribute->name() && attribute->value())
+                {
+                    // Print attribute name
+                    *out = Ch(' '), ++out;
+                    out = copy_chars(attribute->name(), attribute->name() + attribute->name_size(), out);
+                    *out = Ch('='), ++out;
+                    // Print attribute value using appropriate quote type
+                    if (find_char<Ch, Ch('"')>(attribute->value(), attribute->value() + attribute->value_size()))
+                    {
+                        *out = Ch('\''), ++out;
+                        out = copy_and_expand_chars(attribute->value(), attribute->value() + attribute->value_size(), Ch('"'), out);
+                        *out = Ch('\''), ++out;
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        *out = Ch('"'), ++out;
+                        out = copy_and_expand_chars(attribute->value(), attribute->value() + attribute->value_size(), Ch('\''), out);
+                        *out = Ch('"'), ++out;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print data node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_data_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            assert(node->type() == node_data);
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+            out = copy_and_expand_chars(node->value(), node->value() + node->value_size(), Ch(0), out);
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print data node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_cdata_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            assert(node->type() == node_cdata);
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+            *out = Ch('<'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('!'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('['); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('C'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('D'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('A'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('T'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('A'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('['); ++out;
+            out = copy_chars(node->value(), node->value() + node->value_size(), out);
+            *out = Ch(']'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch(']'); ++out;
+            *out = Ch('>'); ++out;
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print element node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_element_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            assert(node->type() == node_element);
+
+            // Print element name and attributes, if any
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+            *out = Ch('<'), ++out;
+            out = copy_chars(node->name(), node->name() + node->name_size(), out);
+            out = print_attributes(out, node, flags);
+
+            // If node is childless
+            if (node->value_size() == 0 && !node->first_node())
+            {
+                // Print childless node tag ending
+                *out = Ch('/'), ++out;
+                *out = Ch('>'), ++out;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // Print normal node tag ending
+                *out = Ch('>'), ++out;
+
+                // Test if node contains a single data node only (and no other nodes)
+                xml_node<Ch> *child = node->first_node();
+                if (!child)
+                {
+                    // If node has no children, only print its value without indenting
+                    out = copy_and_expand_chars(node->value(), node->value() + node->value_size(), Ch(0), out);
+                }
+                else if (child->next_sibling() == 0 && child->type() == node_data)
+                {
+                    // If node has a sole data child, only print its value without indenting
+                    out = copy_and_expand_chars(child->value(), child->value() + child->value_size(), Ch(0), out);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    // Print all children with full indenting
+                    if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                        *out = Ch('\n'), ++out;
+                    out = print_children(out, node, flags, indent + 1);
+                    if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                        out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+                }
+
+                // Print node end
+                *out = Ch('<'), ++out;
+                *out = Ch('/'), ++out;
+                out = copy_chars(node->name(), node->name() + node->name_size(), out);
+                *out = Ch('>'), ++out;
+            }
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print declaration node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_declaration_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            // Print declaration start
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+            *out = Ch('<'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('?'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('x'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('m'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('l'), ++out;
+
+            // Print attributes
+            out = print_attributes(out, node, flags);
+
+            // Print declaration end
+            *out = Ch('?'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('>'), ++out;
+
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print comment node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_comment_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            assert(node->type() == node_comment);
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+            *out = Ch('<'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('!'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('-'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('-'), ++out;
+            out = copy_chars(node->value(), node->value() + node->value_size(), out);
+            *out = Ch('-'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('-'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('>'), ++out;
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print doctype node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_doctype_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            assert(node->type() == node_doctype);
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+            *out = Ch('<'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('!'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('D'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('O'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('C'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('T'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('Y'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('P'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('E'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch(' '), ++out;
+            out = copy_chars(node->value(), node->value() + node->value_size(), out);
+            *out = Ch('>'), ++out;
+            return out;
+        }
+
+        // Print pi node
+        template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+        inline OutIt print_pi_node(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> *node, int flags, int indent)
+        {
+            assert(node->type() == node_pi);
+            if (!(flags & print_no_indenting))
+                out = fill_chars(out, indent, Ch('\t'));
+            *out = Ch('<'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('?'), ++out;
+            out = copy_chars(node->name(), node->name() + node->name_size(), out);
+            *out = Ch(' '), ++out;
+            out = copy_chars(node->value(), node->value() + node->value_size(), out);
+            *out = Ch('?'), ++out;
+            *out = Ch('>'), ++out;
+            return out;
+        }
+
+    }
+    //! \endcond
+
+    ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Printing
+
+    //! Prints XML to given output iterator.
+    //! \param out Output iterator to print to.
+    //! \param node Node to be printed. Pass xml_document to print entire document.
+    //! \param flags Flags controlling how XML is printed.
+    //! \return Output iterator pointing to position immediately after last character of printed text.
+    template<class OutIt, class Ch>
+    inline OutIt print(OutIt out, const xml_node<Ch> &node, int flags = 0)
+    {
+        return internal::print_node(out, &node, flags, 0);
+    }
+
+#ifndef RAPIDXML_NO_STREAMS
+
+    //! Prints XML to given output stream.
+    //! \param out Output stream to print to.
+    //! \param node Node to be printed. Pass xml_document to print entire document.
+    //! \param flags Flags controlling how XML is printed.
+    //! \return Output stream.
+    template<class Ch>
+    inline std::basic_ostream<Ch> &print(std::basic_ostream<Ch> &out, const xml_node<Ch> &node, int flags = 0)
+    {
+        print(std::ostream_iterator<Ch>(out), node, flags);
+        return out;
+    }
+
+    //! Prints formatted XML to given output stream. Uses default printing flags. Use print() function to customize printing process.
+    //! \param out Output stream to print to.
+    //! \param node Node to be printed.
+    //! \return Output stream.
+    template<class Ch>
+    inline std::basic_ostream<Ch> &operator <<(std::basic_ostream<Ch> &out, const xml_node<Ch> &node)
+    {
+        return print(out, node);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/stb_dxt.cpp b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/stb_dxt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f80532d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/stb_dxt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// stb_dxt.cpp - Real-Time DXT1/DXT5 compressor 
+// Based on original by fabian "ryg" giesen v1.04
+// Custom version, modified by Yann Collet
+//
+/*
+   BSD 2-Clause License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php)
+
+   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+   met:
+
+       * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+       * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+   in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+   distribution.
+
+   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+   You can contact the author at :
+   - RygsDXTc source repository : http://code.google.com/p/rygsdxtc/
+*/
+
+
+#define STB_DXT_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "stb_dxt.h"
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/stb_dxt.h b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/stb_dxt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..700f322
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/3rd_party/stb_dxt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1043 @@
+// stb_dxt.h - Real-Time DXT1/DXT5 compressor 
+// Based on original by fabian "ryg" giesen v1.04
+// Custom version, modified by Yann Collet
+//
+/*
+   BSD 2-Clause License (http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php)
+
+   Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+   modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+   met:
+
+       * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+   notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+       * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+   copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+   in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+   distribution.
+
+   THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+   "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+   LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+   A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+   OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+   SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+   LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+   DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+   THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+   (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+   OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+   You can contact the author at :
+   - RygsDXTc source repository : http://code.google.com/p/rygsdxtc/
+
+*/
+// use '#define STB_DXT_IMPLEMENTATION' before including to create the implementation
+//
+// USAGE:
+//   call stb_compress_dxt_block() for every block (you must pad)
+//     source should be a 4x4 block of RGBA data in row-major order;
+//     A is ignored if you specify alpha=0; you can turn on dithering
+//     and "high quality" using mode.
+//
+// version history:
+//   v1.06  - (cyan) implement Fabian Giesen's comments
+//   v1.05  - (cyan) speed optimizations
+//   v1.04  - (ryg) default to no rounding bias for lerped colors (as per S3TC/DX10 spec);
+//            single color match fix (allow for inexact color interpolation);
+//            optimal DXT5 index finder; "high quality" mode that runs multiple refinement steps.
+//   v1.03  - (stb) endianness support
+//   v1.02  - (stb) fix alpha encoding bug
+//   v1.01  - (stb) fix bug converting to RGB that messed up quality, thanks ryg & cbloom
+//   v1.00  - (stb) first release
+
+#ifndef STB_INCLUDE_STB_DXT_H
+#define STB_INCLUDE_STB_DXT_H
+
+
+//*******************************************************************
+// Enable custom Optimisations
+// Comment this define if you want to revert to ryg's original code
+#define NEW_OPTIMISATIONS
+//*******************************************************************
+
+// compression mode (bitflags)
+#define STB_DXT_NORMAL    0
+#define STB_DXT_DITHER    1   // use dithering. dubious win. never use for normal maps and the like!
+#define STB_DXT_HIGHQUAL  2   // high quality mode, does two refinement steps instead of 1. ~30-40% slower.
+
+void rygCompress( unsigned char *dst, unsigned char *src, int w, int h, int isDxt5 );
+
+// TODO remove these, not working properly..
+void rygCompressYCoCg( unsigned char *dst, unsigned char *src, int w, int h );
+void linearize( unsigned char * dst, const unsigned char * src, int n );
+
+void stb_compress_dxt_block(unsigned char *dest, const unsigned char *src, int alpha, int mode);
+#define STB_COMPRESS_DXT_BLOCK
+
+#ifdef STB_DXT_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+// configuration options for DXT encoder. set them in the project/makefile or just define
+// them at the top.
+
+// STB_DXT_USE_ROUNDING_BIAS
+//     use a rounding bias during color interpolation. this is closer to what "ideal"
+//     interpolation would do but doesn't match the S3TC/DX10 spec. old versions (pre-1.03)
+//     implicitly had this turned on. 
+//
+//     in case you're targeting a specific type of hardware (e.g. console programmers):
+//     NVidia and Intel GPUs (as of 2010) as well as DX9 ref use DXT decoders that are closer
+//     to STB_DXT_USE_ROUNDING_BIAS. AMD/ATI, S3 and DX10 ref are closer to rounding with no bias.
+//     you also see "(a*5 + b*3) / 8" on some old GPU designs.
+//#define STB_DXT_USE_ROUNDING_BIAS
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h> // memset
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+
+static unsigned char stb__Expand5[32];
+static unsigned char stb__Expand6[64];
+static unsigned char stb__OMatch5[256][2];
+static unsigned char stb__OMatch6[256][2];
+static unsigned char stb__QuantRBTab[256+16];
+static unsigned char stb__QuantGTab[256+16];
+
+static int stb__Mul8Bit(int a, int b)
+{
+  int t = a*b + 128;
+  return (t + (t >> 8)) >> 8;
+}
+
+static void stb__From16Bit(unsigned char *out, unsigned short v)
+{
+   int rv = (v & 0xf800) >> 11;
+   int gv = (v & 0x07e0) >>  5;
+   int bv = (v & 0x001f) >>  0;
+
+   out[0] = stb__Expand5[rv];
+   out[1] = stb__Expand6[gv];
+   out[2] = stb__Expand5[bv];
+   out[3] = 0;
+}
+
+static unsigned short stb__As16Bit(int r, int g, int b)
+{
+   return (stb__Mul8Bit(r,31) << 11) + (stb__Mul8Bit(g,63) << 5) + stb__Mul8Bit(b,31);
+}
+
+// linear interpolation at 1/3 point between a and b, using desired rounding type
+static int stb__Lerp13(int a, int b)
+{
+#ifdef STB_DXT_USE_ROUNDING_BIAS
+   // with rounding bias
+   return a + stb__Mul8Bit(b-a, 0x55);
+#else
+   // without rounding bias
+   // replace "/ 3" by "* 0xaaab) >> 17" if your compiler sucks or you really need every ounce of speed.
+   return (2*a + b) / 3;
+#endif
+}
+
+// lerp RGB color
+static void stb__Lerp13RGB(unsigned char *out, unsigned char *p1, unsigned char *p2)
+{
+   out[0] = stb__Lerp13(p1[0], p2[0]);
+   out[1] = stb__Lerp13(p1[1], p2[1]);
+   out[2] = stb__Lerp13(p1[2], p2[2]);
+}
+
+/****************************************************************************/
+
+// compute table to reproduce constant colors as accurately as possible
+static void stb__PrepareOptTable(unsigned char *Table,const unsigned char *expand,int size)
+{
+   int i,mn,mx;
+   for (i=0;i<256;i++) {
+      int bestErr = 256;
+      for (mn=0;mn<size;mn++) {
+         for (mx=0;mx<size;mx++) {
+            int mine = expand[mn];
+            int maxe = expand[mx];
+            int err = abs(stb__Lerp13(maxe, mine) - i);
+            
+            // DX10 spec says that interpolation must be within 3% of "correct" result,
+            // add this as error term. (normally we'd expect a random distribution of
+            // +-1.5% error, but nowhere in the spec does it say that the error has to be
+            // unbiased - better safe than sorry).
+            err += abs(maxe - mine) * 3 / 100;
+            
+            if(err < bestErr)
+            { 
+               Table[i*2+0] = mx;
+               Table[i*2+1] = mn;
+               bestErr = err;
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+static void stb__EvalColors(unsigned char *color,unsigned short c0,unsigned short c1)
+{
+   stb__From16Bit(color+ 0, c0);
+   stb__From16Bit(color+ 4, c1);
+   stb__Lerp13RGB(color+ 8, color+0, color+4);
+   stb__Lerp13RGB(color+12, color+4, color+0);
+}
+
+// Block dithering function. Simply dithers a block to 565 RGB.
+// (Floyd-Steinberg)
+static void stb__DitherBlock(unsigned char *dest, unsigned char *block)
+{
+  int err[8],*ep1 = err,*ep2 = err+4, *et;
+  int ch,y;
+
+  // process channels seperately
+  for (ch=0; ch<3; ++ch) {
+      unsigned char *bp = block+ch, *dp = dest+ch;
+      unsigned char *quant = (ch == 1) ? stb__QuantGTab+8 : stb__QuantRBTab+8;
+      memset(err, 0, sizeof(err));
+      for(y=0; y<4; ++y) {
+         dp[ 0] = quant[bp[ 0] + ((3*ep2[1] + 5*ep2[0]) >> 4)];
+         ep1[0] = bp[ 0] - dp[ 0];
+         dp[ 4] = quant[bp[ 4] + ((7*ep1[0] + 3*ep2[2] + 5*ep2[1] + ep2[0]) >> 4)];
+         ep1[1] = bp[ 4] - dp[ 4];
+         dp[ 8] = quant[bp[ 8] + ((7*ep1[1] + 3*ep2[3] + 5*ep2[2] + ep2[1]) >> 4)];
+         ep1[2] = bp[ 8] - dp[ 8];
+         dp[12] = quant[bp[12] + ((7*ep1[2] + 5*ep2[3] + ep2[2]) >> 4)];
+         ep1[3] = bp[12] - dp[12];
+         bp += 16;
+         dp += 16;
+         et = ep1, ep1 = ep2, ep2 = et; // swap
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+// The color matching function
+static unsigned int stb__MatchColorsBlock(unsigned char *block, unsigned char *color,int dither)
+{
+   unsigned int mask = 0;
+   int dirr = color[0*4+0] - color[1*4+0];
+   int dirg = color[0*4+1] - color[1*4+1];
+   int dirb = color[0*4+2] - color[1*4+2];
+   int dots[16];
+   int stops[4];
+   int i;
+   int c0Point, halfPoint, c3Point;
+
+   for(i=0;i<16;i++)
+      dots[i] = block[i*4+0]*dirr + block[i*4+1]*dirg + block[i*4+2]*dirb;
+
+   for(i=0;i<4;i++)
+      stops[i] = color[i*4+0]*dirr + color[i*4+1]*dirg + color[i*4+2]*dirb;
+
+   // think of the colors as arranged on a line; project point onto that line, then choose
+   // next color out of available ones. we compute the crossover points for "best color in top
+   // half"/"best in bottom half" and then the same inside that subinterval.
+   //
+   // relying on this 1d approximation isn't always optimal in terms of euclidean distance,
+   // but it's very close and a lot faster.
+   // http://cbloomrants.blogspot.com/2008/12/12-08-08-dxtc-summary.html
+   
+   c0Point   = (stops[1] + stops[3]) >> 1;
+   halfPoint = (stops[3] + stops[2]) >> 1;
+   c3Point   = (stops[2] + stops[0]) >> 1;
+
+   if(!dither) 
+   {
+      // the version without dithering is straightforward
+
+#ifdef NEW_OPTIMISATIONS
+      const int indexMap[8] = { 0 << 30,2 << 30,0 << 30,2 << 30,3 << 30,3 << 30,1 << 30,1 << 30 };
+
+      for(int i=0;i<16;i++)
+      {
+        int dot = dots[i];
+        mask >>= 2;
+
+        int bits =( (dot < halfPoint) ? 4 : 0 )
+                | ( (dot < c0Point) ? 2 : 0 )
+                | ( (dot < c3Point) ? 1 : 0 );
+
+        mask |= indexMap[bits];
+      }
+
+#else
+      for (i=15;i>=0;i--) {
+         int dot = dots[i];
+         mask <<= 2;
+
+         if(dot < halfPoint)
+           mask |= (dot < c0Point) ? 1 : 3;
+         else
+           mask |= (dot < c3Point) ? 2 : 0;
+      }
+#endif
+
+  } else {
+      // with floyd-steinberg dithering
+      int err[8],*ep1 = err,*ep2 = err+4;
+      int *dp = dots, y;
+
+      c0Point   <<= 4;
+      halfPoint <<= 4;
+      c3Point   <<= 4;
+      for(i=0;i<8;i++)
+         err[i] = 0;
+
+      for(y=0;y<4;y++)
+      {
+         int dot,lmask,step;
+
+         dot = (dp[0] << 4) + (3*ep2[1] + 5*ep2[0]);
+         if(dot < halfPoint)
+           step = (dot < c0Point) ? 1 : 3;
+         else
+           step = (dot < c3Point) ? 2 : 0;
+         ep1[0] = dp[0] - stops[step];
+         lmask = step;
+
+         dot = (dp[1] << 4) + (7*ep1[0] + 3*ep2[2] + 5*ep2[1] + ep2[0]);
+         if(dot < halfPoint)
+           step = (dot < c0Point) ? 1 : 3;
+         else
+           step = (dot < c3Point) ? 2 : 0;
+         ep1[1] = dp[1] - stops[step];
+         lmask |= step<<2;
+
+         dot = (dp[2] << 4) + (7*ep1[1] + 3*ep2[3] + 5*ep2[2] + ep2[1]);
+         if(dot < halfPoint)
+           step = (dot < c0Point) ? 1 : 3;
+         else
+           step = (dot < c3Point) ? 2 : 0;
+         ep1[2] = dp[2] - stops[step];
+         lmask |= step<<4;
+
+         dot = (dp[3] << 4) + (7*ep1[2] + 5*ep2[3] + ep2[2]);
+         if(dot < halfPoint)
+           step = (dot < c0Point) ? 1 : 3;
+         else
+           step = (dot < c3Point) ? 2 : 0;
+         ep1[3] = dp[3] - stops[step];
+         lmask |= step<<6;
+
+         dp += 4;
+         mask |= lmask << (y*8);
+         { int *et = ep1; ep1 = ep2; ep2 = et; } // swap
+      }
+   }
+
+   return mask;
+}
+
+// The color optimization function. (Clever code, part 1)
+static void stb__OptimizeColorsBlock(unsigned char *block, unsigned short *pmax16, unsigned short *pmin16)
+{
+  unsigned char *minp, *maxp;
+  double magn;
+  int v_r,v_g,v_b;
+  static const int nIterPower = 4;
+  float covf[6],vfr,vfg,vfb;
+
+  // determine color distribution
+  int cov[6];
+  int mu[3],min[3],max[3];
+  int ch,i,iter;
+
+  for(ch=0;ch<3;ch++)
+  {
+    const unsigned char *bp = ((const unsigned char *) block) + ch;
+    int muv,minv,maxv;
+
+#ifdef NEW_OPTIMISATIONS
+#   define MIN(a,b)      (int)a + ( ((int)b-a) & ( ((int)b-a) >> 31 ) )
+#   define MAX(a,b)      (int)a + ( ((int)b-a) & ( ((int)a-b) >> 31 ) )
+#   define RANGE(a,b,n)  int min##n = MIN(a,b); int max##n = a+b - min##n; muv += a+b;
+#   define MINMAX(a,b,n) int min##n = MIN(min##a, min##b); int max##n = MAX(max##a, max##b); 
+
+	muv = 0;
+	RANGE(bp[0],  bp[4],  1);
+	RANGE(bp[8],  bp[12], 2);
+	RANGE(bp[16], bp[20], 3);
+	RANGE(bp[24], bp[28], 4);
+	RANGE(bp[32], bp[36], 5);
+	RANGE(bp[40], bp[44], 6);
+	RANGE(bp[48], bp[52], 7);
+	RANGE(bp[56], bp[60], 8);
+
+	MINMAX(1,2,9);
+	MINMAX(3,4,10);
+	MINMAX(5,6,11);
+	MINMAX(7,8,12);
+
+	MINMAX(9,10,13);
+	MINMAX(11,12,14);
+
+	minv = MIN(min13,min14);
+	maxv = MAX(max13,max14);
+
+#else
+	muv = minv = maxv = bp[0];
+    for(i=4;i<64;i+=4)
+    {
+      muv += bp[i];
+      if (bp[i] < minv) minv = bp[i];
+      else if (bp[i] > maxv) maxv = bp[i];
+    }
+#endif
+
+    mu[ch] = (muv + 8) >> 4;
+    min[ch] = minv;
+    max[ch] = maxv;
+  }
+
+  // determine covariance matrix
+  for (i=0;i<6;i++)
+     cov[i] = 0;
+
+  for (i=0;i<16;i++)
+  {
+    int r = block[i*4+0] - mu[0];
+    int g = block[i*4+1] - mu[1];
+    int b = block[i*4+2] - mu[2];
+
+    cov[0] += r*r;
+    cov[1] += r*g;
+    cov[2] += r*b;
+    cov[3] += g*g;
+    cov[4] += g*b;
+    cov[5] += b*b;
+  }
+
+  // convert covariance matrix to float, find principal axis via power iter
+  for(i=0;i<6;i++)
+    covf[i] = cov[i] / 255.0f;
+
+  vfr = (float) (max[0] - min[0]);
+  vfg = (float) (max[1] - min[1]);
+  vfb = (float) (max[2] - min[2]);
+
+  for(iter=0;iter<nIterPower;iter++)
+  {
+    float r = vfr*covf[0] + vfg*covf[1] + vfb*covf[2];
+    float g = vfr*covf[1] + vfg*covf[3] + vfb*covf[4];
+    float b = vfr*covf[2] + vfg*covf[4] + vfb*covf[5];
+
+    vfr = r;
+    vfg = g;
+    vfb = b;
+  }
+
+  magn = fabs(vfr);
+  if (fabs(vfg) > magn) magn = fabs(vfg);
+  if (fabs(vfb) > magn) magn = fabs(vfb);
+
+   if(magn < 4.0f) 
+   { // too small, default to luminance
+      v_r = 299; // JPEG YCbCr luma coefs, scaled by 1000.
+      v_g = 587;
+      v_b = 114;
+   } else {
+      magn = 512.0 / magn;
+      v_r = (int) (vfr * magn);
+      v_g = (int) (vfg * magn);
+      v_b = (int) (vfb * magn);
+   }
+
+
+#ifdef NEW_OPTIMISATIONS
+   // Pick colors at extreme points
+   int mind, maxd;
+   mind = maxd = block[0]*v_r + block[1]*v_g + block[2]*v_b;
+   minp = maxp = block;
+   for(i=1;i<16;i++)
+   {
+      int dot = block[i*4+0]*v_r + block[i*4+1]*v_g + block[i*4+2]*v_b;
+
+      if (dot < mind) {
+         mind = dot;
+         minp = block+i*4;
+		 continue;
+      }
+
+      if (dot > maxd) {
+         maxd = dot;
+         maxp = block+i*4;
+      }
+   }
+#else
+   int mind = 0x7fffffff,maxd = -0x7fffffff;
+   // Pick colors at extreme points
+   for(i=0;i<16;i++)
+   {
+      int dot = block[i*4+0]*v_r + block[i*4+1]*v_g + block[i*4+2]*v_b;
+
+      if (dot < mind) {
+         mind = dot;
+         minp = block+i*4;
+      }
+
+      if (dot > maxd) {
+         maxd = dot;
+         maxp = block+i*4;
+      }
+   }
+#endif
+
+   *pmax16 = stb__As16Bit(maxp[0],maxp[1],maxp[2]);
+   *pmin16 = stb__As16Bit(minp[0],minp[1],minp[2]);
+}
+
+inline static int stb__sclamp(float y, int p0, int p1)
+{
+   int x = (int) y;
+
+#ifdef NEW_OPTIMISATIONS
+	x = x>p1 ? p1 : x;
+    return x<p0 ? p0 : x;
+#else
+   if (x < p0) return p0;
+   if (x > p1) return p1;
+   return x;
+#endif
+}
+
+// The refinement function. (Clever code, part 2)
+// Tries to optimize colors to suit block contents better.
+// (By solving a least squares system via normal equations+Cramer's rule)
+static int stb__RefineBlock(unsigned char *block, unsigned short *pmax16, unsigned short *pmin16, unsigned int mask)
+{
+   static const int w1Tab[4] = { 3,0,2,1 };
+   static const int prods[4] = { 0x090000,0x000900,0x040102,0x010402 };
+   // ^some magic to save a lot of multiplies in the accumulating loop...
+   // (precomputed products of weights for least squares system, accumulated inside one 32-bit register)
+
+   float frb,fg;
+   unsigned short oldMin, oldMax, min16, max16;
+   int i, akku = 0, xx,xy,yy;
+   int At1_r,At1_g,At1_b;
+   int At2_r,At2_g,At2_b;
+   unsigned int cm = mask;
+
+   oldMin = *pmin16;
+   oldMax = *pmax16;
+
+   if((mask ^ (mask<<2)) < 4) // all pixels have the same index?
+   {
+      // yes, linear system would be singular; solve using optimal
+      // single-color match on average color
+      int r = 8, g = 8, b = 8;
+      for (i=0;i<16;++i) {
+         r += block[i*4+0];
+         g += block[i*4+1];
+         b += block[i*4+2];
+      }
+
+      r >>= 4; g >>= 4; b >>= 4;
+
+      max16 = (stb__OMatch5[r][0]<<11) | (stb__OMatch6[g][0]<<5) | stb__OMatch5[b][0];
+      min16 = (stb__OMatch5[r][1]<<11) | (stb__OMatch6[g][1]<<5) | stb__OMatch5[b][1];
+   } else {
+      At1_r = At1_g = At1_b = 0;
+      At2_r = At2_g = At2_b = 0;
+      for (i=0;i<16;++i,cm>>=2) 
+	  {
+         int step = cm&3;
+         int w1 = w1Tab[step];
+         int r = block[i*4+0];
+         int g = block[i*4+1];
+         int b = block[i*4+2];
+
+         akku    += prods[step];
+         At1_r   += w1*r;
+         At1_g   += w1*g;
+         At1_b   += w1*b;
+         At2_r   += r;
+         At2_g   += g;
+         At2_b   += b;
+      }
+
+      At2_r = 3*At2_r - At1_r;
+      At2_g = 3*At2_g - At1_g;
+      At2_b = 3*At2_b - At1_b;
+
+      // extract solutions and decide solvability
+      xx = akku >> 16;
+      yy = (akku >> 8) & 0xff;
+      xy = (akku >> 0) & 0xff;
+
+      frb = 3.0f * 31.0f / 255.0f / (xx*yy - xy*xy);
+      fg = frb * 63.0f / 31.0f;
+
+      // solve.
+      max16 =   stb__sclamp((At1_r*yy - At2_r*xy)*frb+0.5f,0,31) << 11;
+      max16 |=  stb__sclamp((At1_g*yy - At2_g*xy)*fg +0.5f,0,63) << 5;
+      max16 |=  stb__sclamp((At1_b*yy - At2_b*xy)*frb+0.5f,0,31) << 0;
+
+      min16 =   stb__sclamp((At2_r*xx - At1_r*xy)*frb+0.5f,0,31) << 11;
+      min16 |=  stb__sclamp((At2_g*xx - At1_g*xy)*fg +0.5f,0,63) << 5;
+      min16 |=  stb__sclamp((At2_b*xx - At1_b*xy)*frb+0.5f,0,31) << 0;
+   }
+
+   *pmin16 = min16;
+   *pmax16 = max16;
+   return oldMin != min16 || oldMax != max16;
+}
+
+// Color block compression
+static void stb__CompressColorBlock(unsigned char *dest, unsigned char *block, int mode)
+{
+   unsigned int mask;
+   int i;
+   int dither;
+   int refinecount;
+   unsigned short max16, min16;
+   unsigned char dblock[16*4],color[4*4];
+   
+   dither = mode & STB_DXT_DITHER;
+   refinecount = (mode & STB_DXT_HIGHQUAL) ? 2 : 1;
+
+   // check if block is constant
+   for (i=1;i<16;i++)
+      if (((unsigned int *) block)[i] != ((unsigned int *) block)[0])
+         break;
+
+   if(i == 16) 
+   { // constant color
+      int r = block[0], g = block[1], b = block[2];
+      mask  = 0xaaaaaaaa;
+      max16 = (stb__OMatch5[r][0]<<11) | (stb__OMatch6[g][0]<<5) | stb__OMatch5[b][0];
+      min16 = (stb__OMatch5[r][1]<<11) | (stb__OMatch6[g][1]<<5) | stb__OMatch5[b][1];
+   } else 
+   {
+      // first step: compute dithered version for PCA if desired
+      if(dither)
+         stb__DitherBlock(dblock,block);
+
+      // second step: pca+map along principal axis
+      stb__OptimizeColorsBlock(dither ? dblock : block,&max16,&min16);
+      if (max16 != min16) 
+	  {
+         stb__EvalColors(color,max16,min16);
+         mask = stb__MatchColorsBlock(block,color,dither);
+      } else
+         mask = 0;
+
+      // third step: refine (multiple times if requested)
+      for (i=0;i<refinecount;i++) {
+         unsigned int lastmask = mask;
+         
+         if (stb__RefineBlock(dither ? dblock : block,&max16,&min16,mask)) 
+		 {
+            if (max16 != min16) 
+			{
+               stb__EvalColors(color,max16,min16);
+               mask = stb__MatchColorsBlock(block,color,dither);
+            } else 
+			{
+               mask = 0;
+               break;
+            }
+         }
+         
+         if(mask == lastmask)
+            break;
+      }
+  }
+
+  // write the color block
+  if(max16 < min16)
+  {
+     unsigned short t = min16;
+     min16 = max16;
+     max16 = t;
+     mask ^= 0x55555555;
+  }
+
+  dest[0] = (unsigned char) (max16);
+  dest[1] = (unsigned char) (max16 >> 8);
+  dest[2] = (unsigned char) (min16);
+  dest[3] = (unsigned char) (min16 >> 8);
+  dest[4] = (unsigned char) (mask);
+  dest[5] = (unsigned char) (mask >> 8);
+  dest[6] = (unsigned char) (mask >> 16);
+  dest[7] = (unsigned char) (mask >> 24);
+}
+
+// Alpha block compression (this is easy for a change)
+static void stb__CompressAlphaBlock(unsigned char *dest,unsigned char *src,int mode)
+{
+   int i,dist,bias,dist4,dist2,bits,mask;
+
+   // find min/max color
+   int mn,mx;
+
+   mn = mx = src[3];
+   for (i=1;i<16;i++)
+   {
+      if (src[i*4+3] < mn) mn = src[i*4+3];
+      else if (src[i*4+3] > mx) mx = src[i*4+3];
+   }
+
+   // encode them
+   ((unsigned char *)dest)[0] = mx;
+   ((unsigned char *)dest)[1] = mn;
+   dest += 2;
+
+#ifdef NEW_OPTIMISATIONS
+   // mono-alpha shortcut
+   if (mn==mx)
+   {
+	   *(unsigned short*)dest = 0;
+	   dest += 2;
+	   *(unsigned int*)dest = 0;
+	   return;
+   }
+#endif
+
+	// determine bias and emit color indices
+	// given the choice of mx/mn, these indices are optimal:
+	// http://fgiesen.wordpress.com/2009/12/15/dxt5-alpha-block-index-determination/
+	dist = mx-mn;
+	//printf("mn = %i; mx = %i; dist = %i\n", mn, mx, dist);
+	dist4 = dist*4;
+	dist2 = dist*2;
+	bias = (dist < 8) ? (dist - 1) : (dist/2 + 2);
+	bias -= mn * 7;
+	bits = 0, mask=0;
+   
+	for (i=0;i<16;i++) 
+	{
+		int a = src[i*4+3]*7 + bias;
+		int ind,t;
+
+		// select index. this is a "linear scale" lerp factor between 0 (val=min) and 7 (val=max).
+		t = (a >= dist4) ? -1 : 0; ind =  t & 4; a -= dist4 & t;
+		t = (a >= dist2) ? -1 : 0; ind += t & 2; a -= dist2 & t;
+		ind += (a >= dist);
+      
+		// turn linear scale into DXT index (0/1 are extremal pts)
+		ind = -ind & 7;
+		ind ^= (2 > ind);
+
+		// write index
+		mask |= ind << bits;
+		if((bits += 3) >= 8) 
+		{
+			*dest++ = mask; 
+			mask >>= 8;     
+			bits -= 8;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+static void stb__InitDXT()
+{
+   int i;
+   for(i=0;i<32;i++)
+      stb__Expand5[i] = (i<<3)|(i>>2);
+
+   for(i=0;i<64;i++)
+      stb__Expand6[i] = (i<<2)|(i>>4);
+
+   for(i=0;i<256+16;i++)
+   {
+      int v = i-8 < 0 ? 0 : i-8 > 255 ? 255 : i-8;
+      stb__QuantRBTab[i] = stb__Expand5[stb__Mul8Bit(v,31)];
+      stb__QuantGTab[i] = stb__Expand6[stb__Mul8Bit(v,63)];
+   }
+
+   stb__PrepareOptTable(&stb__OMatch5[0][0],stb__Expand5,32);
+   stb__PrepareOptTable(&stb__OMatch6[0][0],stb__Expand6,64);
+}
+
+
+void stb_compress_dxt_block(unsigned char *dest, const unsigned char *src, int alpha, int mode)
+{
+   static int init=1;
+   if (init) 
+   {
+      stb__InitDXT();
+      init=0;
+   }
+
+   if (alpha) 
+   {
+      stb__CompressAlphaBlock(dest,(unsigned char*) src,mode);
+      dest += 8;
+   }
+
+   stb__CompressColorBlock(dest,(unsigned char*) src,mode);
+}
+
+int imin(int x, int y) { return (x < y) ? x : y; }
+
+
+
+
+
+static void extractBlock(const unsigned char *src, int x, int y,
+                          int w, int h, unsigned char *block)
+{
+   int i, j;
+
+#ifdef NEW_OPTIMISATIONS
+   if ((w-x >=4) && (h-y >=4))
+   {
+	   // Full Square shortcut
+	   src += x*4;
+	   src += y*w*4;
+	   for (i=0; i < 4; ++i)
+	   {
+		   *(unsigned int*)block = *(unsigned int*) src; block += 4; src += 4;
+		   *(unsigned int*)block = *(unsigned int*) src; block += 4; src += 4;
+		   *(unsigned int*)block = *(unsigned int*) src; block += 4; src += 4;
+		   *(unsigned int*)block = *(unsigned int*) src; block += 4; 
+		   src += (w*4) - 12;
+	   }
+	   return;
+   }
+#endif
+
+   int bw = imin(w - x, 4);
+   int bh = imin(h - y, 4);
+   int bx, by;
+   
+   const int rem[] =
+   {
+      0, 0, 0, 0,
+      0, 1, 0, 1,
+      0, 1, 2, 0,
+      0, 1, 2, 3
+   };
+   
+   for(i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+   {
+      by = rem[(bh - 1) * 4 + i] + y;
+      for(j = 0; j < 4; ++j)
+      {
+         bx = rem[(bw - 1) * 4 + j] + x;
+         block[(i * 4 * 4) + (j * 4) + 0] =
+            src[(by * (w * 4)) + (bx * 4) + 0];
+         block[(i * 4 * 4) + (j * 4) + 1] =
+            src[(by * (w * 4)) + (bx * 4) + 1];
+         block[(i * 4 * 4) + (j * 4) + 2] =
+            src[(by * (w * 4)) + (bx * 4) + 2];
+         block[(i * 4 * 4) + (j * 4) + 3] =
+            src[(by * (w * 4)) + (bx * 4) + 3];
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+ // should be a pretty optimized 0-255 clamper
+inline static unsigned char clamp255( int n )
+{
+  if( n > 255 ) n = 255;
+  if( n < 0 ) n = 0;
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+void rgbToYCoCgBlock( unsigned char * dst, const unsigned char * src )
+{
+    // Calculate Co and Cg extents
+    int extents = 0;
+    int n = 0;
+    int iY, iCo, iCg; //, r, g, b;
+    //int blockCo[16];
+    //int blockCg[16];
+    int i;
+
+    const unsigned char *px = src;
+    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
+    {
+        iCo = (px[0]<<1) - (px[2]<<1);
+        iCg = (px[1]<<1) - px[0] - px[2];
+        if(-iCo > extents) extents = -iCo;
+        if( iCo > extents) extents = iCo;
+        if(-iCg > extents) extents = -iCg;
+        if( iCg > extents) extents = iCg;
+
+        //blockCo[n] = iCo;
+        //blockCg[n++] = iCg;
+
+        px += 4;
+    }
+
+    // Co = -510..510
+    // Cg = -510..510
+    float scaleFactor = 1.0f;
+    if(extents > 127)
+        scaleFactor = (float)extents * 4.0f / 510.0f;
+
+    // Convert to quantized scalefactor
+    unsigned char scaleFactorQuantized = (unsigned char)(ceil((scaleFactor - 1.0f) * 31.0f / 3.0f));
+
+    // Unquantize
+    scaleFactor = 1.0f + (float)(scaleFactorQuantized / 31.0f) * 3.0f;
+
+    unsigned char bVal = (unsigned char)((scaleFactorQuantized << 3) | (scaleFactorQuantized >> 2));
+
+    unsigned char *outPx = dst;
+
+    n = 0;
+    px = src;
+    /*
+    for(i=0;i<16;i++)
+    {
+        // Calculate components
+        iY = ( px[0] + (px[1]<<1) + px[2] + 2 ) / 4;
+        iCo = ((blockCo[n] / scaleFactor) + 128);
+        iCg = ((blockCg[n] / scaleFactor) + 128);
+
+        if(iCo < 0) iCo = 0; else if(iCo > 255) iCo = 255;
+        if(iCg < 0) iCg = 0; else if(iCg > 255) iCg = 255;
+        if(iY < 0) iY = 0; else if(iY > 255) iY = 255;
+
+        px += 4;
+
+        outPx[0] = (unsigned char)iCo;
+        outPx[1] = (unsigned char)iCg;
+        outPx[2] = bVal;
+        outPx[3] = (unsigned char)iY;
+
+        outPx += 4;
+    }*/
+    for(i=0;i<16;i++)
+    {
+        // Calculate components
+        int r = px[0];
+        int g = (px[1] + 1) >> 1;
+        int b = px[2];
+        int tmp = (2 + r + b) >> 2;
+        
+        // Co
+        iCo = clamp255( 128 + ((r - b + 1) >> 1) );
+        // Y
+        iY = clamp255( g + tmp );
+        // Cg
+        iCg = clamp255( 128 + g - tmp );
+
+        px += 4;
+
+        outPx[0] = (unsigned char)iCo;
+        outPx[1] = (unsigned char)iCg;
+        outPx[2] = bVal;
+        outPx[3] = (unsigned char)iY;
+
+        outPx += 4;
+    }
+
+}
+
+
+void rygCompress( unsigned char *dst, unsigned char *src, int w, int h, int isDxt5 )
+{
+   
+   unsigned char block[64];
+   int x, y;
+   
+   for(y = 0; y < h; y += 4)
+   {
+      for(x = 0; x < w; x += 4)
+      {
+         extractBlock(src, x, y, w, h, block);
+         stb_compress_dxt_block(dst, block, isDxt5, 10);
+         dst += isDxt5 ? 16 : 8;
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+void rygCompressYCoCg( unsigned char *dst, unsigned char *src, int w, int h )
+{
+    unsigned char block[64];
+   unsigned char ycocgblock[64];
+   int x, y;
+   
+   for(y = 0; y < h; y += 4)
+   {
+      for(x = 0; x < w; x += 4)
+      {
+         extractBlock(src, x, y, w, h, block);
+         rgbToYCoCgBlock(ycocgblock,block);
+         stb_compress_dxt_block(dst, ycocgblock, 1, 10);
+         dst += 16;
+      }
+   }
+
+}
+
+void stbgl__compress(unsigned char *p, unsigned char *rgba, int w, int h, int isDxt5)
+{
+   int i,j,y,y2;
+   int alpha = isDxt5;
+   
+   for (j=0; j < w; j += 4) {
+      int x=4;
+      for (i=0; i < h; i += 4) {
+         unsigned char block[16*4];
+         if (i+3 >= w) x = w-i;
+         for (y=0; y < 4; ++y) {
+            if (j+y >= h) break;
+            memcpy(block+y*16, rgba + w*4*(j+y) + i*4, x*4);
+         }
+         if (x < 4) {
+            switch (x) {
+               case 0: assert(0);
+               case 1:
+                  for (y2=0; y2 < y; ++y2) {
+                     memcpy(block+y2*16+1*4, block+y2*16+0*4, 4);
+                     memcpy(block+y2*16+2*4, block+y2*16+0*4, 8);
+                  }
+                  break;
+               case 2:
+                  for (y2=0; y2 < y; ++y2)
+                     memcpy(block+y2*16+2*4, block+y2*16+0*4, 8);
+                  break;
+               case 3:
+                  for (y2=0; y2 < y; ++y2)
+                     memcpy(block+y2*16+3*4, block+y2*16+1*4, 4);
+                  break;
+            }
+         }
+         y2 = 0;
+         for(; y<4; ++y,++y2)
+            memcpy(block+y*16, block+y2*16, 4*4);
+         stb_compress_dxt_block(p, block, alpha, 10);
+         p += alpha ? 16 : 8;
+      }
+   }
+  // assert(p <= end);
+}
+
+static inline unsigned char linearize(unsigned char inByte)
+{
+    float srgbVal = ((float)inByte) / 255.0f;
+    float linearVal;
+
+    if(srgbVal < 0.04045)
+        linearVal = srgbVal / 12.92f;
+    else
+        linearVal = pow( (srgbVal + 0.055f) / 1.055f, 2.4f);
+
+    return (unsigned char)(floor(sqrt(linearVal)* 255.0 + 0.5));
+}
+
+void linearize( unsigned char * dst, const unsigned char * src, int n )
+{
+  n*=4;
+  for( int i = 0; i < n; i++ )
+    dst[i] = linearize(src[i]);
+}
+
+
+
+#endif // STB_DXT_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#endif // STB_INCLUDE_STB_DXT_H
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/LICENSE b/external/layeredfs/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40ba341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+Treat the license for this code as though it were the Apache-2.0 license,
+WITH THE FOLLOWING MODIFICATIONS:
+
+If you integrate LayeredFS into your launcher of choice, you MUST NOT modify the
+existing commandline argument names.
+
+If you add any commandline arguments, they MUST begin with `--layered-`.
+
+I'm sure this lax wording is not legally binding, but please don't be an asshole.
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/config.cpp b/external/layeredfs/config.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..199de77
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/config.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include <string.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <shellapi.h>
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+#define VERBOSE_FLAG L"--layered-verbose"
+#define DEVMODE_FLAG L"--layered-devmode"
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    config_t config{};
+
+    void load_config(void) {
+        LPWSTR *szArglist;
+        int nArgs;
+        int i;
+
+        szArglist = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &nArgs);
+        if (NULL == szArglist) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < nArgs; i++) {
+            if (lstrcmpW(szArglist[i], VERBOSE_FLAG) == 0) {
+                config.verbose_logs = true;
+            } else if (lstrcmpW(szArglist[i], DEVMODE_FLAG) == 0) {
+                config.developer_mode = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Free memory allocated for CommandLineToArgvW arguments.
+        LocalFree(szArglist);
+
+        logf("Options: %ls=%d %ls=%d", VERBOSE_FLAG, config.verbose_logs, DEVMODE_FLAG, config.developer_mode);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/config.h b/external/layeredfs/config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58d9dbc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    typedef struct config {
+        bool verbose_logs = false;
+        bool developer_mode = false;
+    } config_t;
+
+    extern config_t config;
+
+    void load_config(void);
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/hook.cpp b/external/layeredfs/hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be4c69d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,847 @@
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "hook.h"
+
+// all good code mixes C and C++, right?
+using std::string;
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include "external/hash-library/md5.h"
+#include "3rd_party/lodepng.h"
+#include "3rd_party/stb_dxt.h"
+#include "3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.h"
+#include "3rd_party/rapidxml_print.hpp"
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "config.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "texture_packer.h"
+#include "modpath_handler.h"
+
+// let me use the std:: version, dammit
+#undef max
+#undef min
+
+#define VER_STRING "1.9-SPICE"
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define DBG_VER_STRING "_DEBUG"
+#else
+#define DBG_VER_STRING
+#endif
+
+#define VERSION VER_STRING DBG_VER_STRING
+
+// debugging
+//#define ALWAYS_CACHE
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    time_t dll_time{};
+    bool initialized;
+
+    enum img_format {
+        ARGB8888REV,
+        DXT5,
+        UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT,
+    };
+
+    enum compress_type {
+        NONE,
+        AVSLZ,
+        UNSUPPORTED_COMPRESS,
+    };
+
+    typedef struct image {
+        string name;
+        string name_md5;
+        img_format format;
+        compress_type compression;
+        string ifs_mod_path;
+        int width;
+        int height;
+
+        const string cache_folder() { return CACHE_FOLDER "/" + ifs_mod_path; }
+
+        const string cache_file() { return cache_folder() + "/" + name_md5; };
+    } image_t;
+
+// ifs_textures["data/graphics/ver04/logo.ifs/tex/4f754d4f424f092637a49a5527ece9bb"] will be "konami"
+    std::unordered_map<string, image_t> ifs_textures;
+
+    typedef std::unordered_set<string> string_set;
+
+    char *avs_file_to_string(avs::core::avs_file_t f, rapidxml::xml_document<> &allocator) {
+        avs::core::avs_stat stat{};
+        avs::core::avs_fs_fstat(f, &stat);
+        char *ret = allocator.allocate_string(nullptr, stat.filesize + 1);
+        avs::core::avs_fs_read(f, (uint8_t *) ret, stat.filesize);
+        ret[stat.filesize] = '\0';
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    bool is_binary_prop(avs::core::avs_file_t f) {
+        avs::core::avs_fs_lseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+        unsigned char head;
+        auto read = avs::core::avs_fs_read(f, &head, 1);
+        bool ret = (read == 1) && head == 0xA0;
+        avs::core::avs_fs_lseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+        //logf("detected binary: %s (read %d byte %02x)", ret ? "true": "false", read, head&0xff);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    avs::core::property_ptr prop_from_file_handle(avs::core::avs_file_t f) {
+        void *prop_buffer = nullptr;
+        avs::core::property_ptr prop = nullptr;
+        int ret = 0;
+
+        int flags =
+                avs::core::PROP_READ |
+                avs::core::PROP_WRITE |
+                avs::core::PROP_CREATE |
+                avs::core::PROP_APPEND |
+                avs::core::PROP_BIN_PLAIN_NODE_NAMES;
+        auto memsize = avs::core::property_read_query_memsize_long(
+                (avs::core::avs_reader_t) avs::core::avs_fs_read,
+                f, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr);
+        if (memsize < 0) {
+            // normal prop
+            flags &= ~avs::core::PROP_BIN_PLAIN_NODE_NAMES;
+
+            avs::core::avs_fs_lseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+            memsize = avs::core::property_read_query_memsize(
+                    (avs::core::avs_reader_t) avs::core::avs_fs_read,
+                    f, nullptr, nullptr);
+            if (memsize < 0) {
+                logf("Couldn't get memsize %08X (%s)", memsize, avs::core::error_str(memsize).c_str());
+                goto FAIL;
+            }
+        }
+
+        prop_buffer = malloc(memsize);
+        prop = avs::core::property_create(flags, prop_buffer, memsize);
+        if ((int32_t) (intptr_t) prop < 0) {
+            logf("Couldn't create prop (%s)", avs::core::error_str((int32_t) (intptr_t) prop).c_str());
+            goto FAIL;
+        }
+
+        avs::core::avs_fs_lseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+        ret = avs::core::property_insert_read(prop, 0, (avs::core::avs_reader_t) avs::core::avs_fs_read, f);
+        avs::core::avs_fs_close(f);
+
+        if (ret < 0) {
+            logf("Couldn't read prop (%s)", avs::core::error_str(ret).c_str());
+            goto FAIL;
+        }
+
+        return prop;
+
+FAIL:
+        avs::core::avs_fs_close(f);
+
+        if (prop) {
+            avs::core::property_destroy(prop);
+        }
+        if (prop_buffer) {
+            free(prop_buffer);
+        }
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    char *prop_to_xml_string(avs::core::property_ptr prop, rapidxml::xml_document<> &allocator) {
+        avs::core::node_stat dummy{};
+
+        auto prop_size = avs::core::property_node_query_stat(prop, nullptr, &dummy);
+        char *xml = allocator.allocate_string(nullptr, prop_size);
+
+        auto written = avs::core::property_mem_write(prop, (uint8_t *) xml, prop_size);
+        if (written > 0) {
+            xml[written] = '\0';
+        } else {
+            xml[0] = '\0';
+            logf("property_mem_write failed (%s)", avs::core::error_str(written).c_str());
+        }
+
+        return xml;
+    }
+
+    void rapidxml_dump_to_file(const string &out, const rapidxml::xml_document<> &xml) {
+        std::ofstream out_file;
+        out_file.open(out.c_str());
+
+        // this is 3x faster than writing directly to the output file
+        std::string s;
+        print(std::back_inserter(s), xml, rapidxml::print_no_indenting);
+        out_file << s;
+
+        out_file.close();
+    }
+
+    bool rapidxml_from_avs_filepath(
+            string const &path,
+            rapidxml::xml_document<> &doc,
+            rapidxml::xml_document<> &doc_to_allocate_with
+    ) {
+        avs::core::avs_file_t f = avs::core::avs_fs_open(path.c_str(), 1, 420);
+        if ((int32_t) f < 0) {
+            logf("Couldn't open prop");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // if it's not binary, don't even bother parsing with avs
+        char *xml = nullptr;
+        if (is_binary_prop(f)) {
+            auto prop = prop_from_file_handle(f);
+            if (!prop)
+                return false;
+
+            xml = prop_to_xml_string(prop, doc_to_allocate_with);
+
+            // clean up
+            auto buffer = avs::core::property_desc_to_buffer(prop);
+            avs::core::property_destroy(prop);
+            if (buffer) {
+                free(buffer);
+            }
+        } else {
+            xml = avs_file_to_string(f, doc_to_allocate_with);
+        }
+        avs::core::avs_fs_close(f);
+
+        try {
+            // parse_declaration_node: to get the header <?xml version="1.0" encoding="shift-jis"?>
+            doc.parse<rapidxml::parse_declaration_node | rapidxml::parse_no_utf8>(xml);
+        } catch (const rapidxml::parse_error &e) {
+            logf("Couldn't parse xml (%s byte %d)", e.what(), (int) (e.where<char>() - xml));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void list_pngs_onefolder(string_set &names, string const &folder) {
+        auto search_path = folder + "/*.png";
+        const auto extension_len = strlen(".png");
+        WIN32_FIND_DATAA fd;
+        HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileA(search_path.c_str(), &fd);
+        if (hFind != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            do {
+                // read all (real) files in current folder
+                // , delete '!' read other 2 default folder . and ..
+                if (!(fd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
+                    fd.cFileName[strlen(fd.cFileName) - extension_len] = '\0';
+                    names.insert(fd.cFileName);
+                }
+            } while (FindNextFileA(hFind, &fd));
+            FindClose(hFind);
+        }
+    }
+
+    string_set list_pngs(string const &folder) {
+        string_set ret;
+
+        for (auto &mod : available_mods()) {
+            auto path = mod + "/" + folder;
+            list_pngs_onefolder(ret, path);
+            list_pngs_onefolder(ret, path + "/tex");
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+#define FMT_4U16(arr) "%u %u %u %u", (arr)[0], (arr)[1], (arr)[2], (arr)[3]
+#define FMT_2U16(arr) "%u %u", (arr)[0], (arr)[1]
+
+    rapidxml::xml_node<> *allocate_node_and_attrib(
+            rapidxml::xml_document<> *doc,
+            const char *node_name,
+            const char *node_value,
+            const char *attr_name,
+            const char *attr_value) {
+        auto node = doc->allocate_node(rapidxml::node_element, node_name, node_value);
+        node->append_attribute(doc->allocate_attribute(attr_name, attr_value));
+        return node;
+    }
+
+    bool add_images_to_list(string_set &extra_pngs, rapidxml::xml_node<> *texturelist_node,
+                            string const &ifs_path, string const &ifs_mod_path, compress_type compress) {
+        auto start = time();
+        vector<Bitmap *> textures;
+
+        for (auto it = extra_pngs.begin(); it != extra_pngs.end(); ++it) {
+            logf_verbose("New image: %s", it->c_str());
+
+            string png_tex = *it + ".png";
+            auto png_loc = find_first_modfile(ifs_mod_path + "/" + png_tex);
+            if (!png_loc)
+                png_loc = find_first_modfile(ifs_mod_path + "/tex/" + png_tex);
+            if (!png_loc)
+                continue;
+
+            FILE *f = fopen(png_loc->c_str(), "rb");
+            if (!f) // shouldn't happen but check anyway
+                continue;
+
+            unsigned char header[33];
+            // this may read less bytes than expected but lodepng will die later anyway
+            fread(header, 1, 33, f);
+            fclose(f);
+
+            unsigned width, height;
+            LodePNGState state = {};
+            if (lodepng_inspect(&width, &height, &state, header, 33)) {
+                logf("couldn't inspect png");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            textures.push_back(new Bitmap(*it, width, height));
+        }
+
+        auto pack_start = time();
+        vector<Packer *> packed_textures;
+        logf("Packing textures for %d textures", textures.size());
+        if (!pack_textures(textures, packed_textures)) {
+            logf("Couldn't pack textures :(");
+            return false;
+        }
+        logf("Textures packed in %d ms into %d objects", time() - pack_start, packed_textures.size());
+
+        // because the property API, being
+        // a) written by Konami
+        // b) not documented since lol DLLs
+        // is absolutely garbage to work with for merging XMLs, we use rapidxml instead
+        // thus I hope my sanity is restored.
+
+        auto document = texturelist_node->document();
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < packed_textures.size(); i++) {
+            Packer *canvas = packed_textures[i];
+            char tex_name[8];
+            snprintf(tex_name, 8, "ctex%03d", i);
+            auto canvas_node = document->allocate_node(rapidxml::node_element, "texture");
+            texturelist_node->append_node(canvas_node);
+            canvas_node->append_attribute(document->allocate_attribute("format", "argb8888rev"));
+            canvas_node->append_attribute(document->allocate_attribute("mag_filter", "nearest"));
+            canvas_node->append_attribute(document->allocate_attribute("min_filter", "nearest"));
+            canvas_node->append_attribute(document->allocate_attribute("name", document->allocate_string(tex_name)));
+            canvas_node->append_attribute(document->allocate_attribute("wrap_s", "clamp"));
+            canvas_node->append_attribute(document->allocate_attribute("wrap_t", "clamp"));
+
+            char tmp[64];
+
+            uint16_t size[2] = {(uint16_t) canvas->width, (uint16_t) canvas->height};
+
+            snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), FMT_2U16(size));
+            canvas_node->append_node(
+                    allocate_node_and_attrib(document, "size", document->allocate_string(tmp), "__type", "2u16"));
+
+            for (unsigned int j = 0; j < canvas->bitmaps.size(); j++) {
+                Bitmap *texture = canvas->bitmaps[j];
+                auto tex_node = document->allocate_node(rapidxml::node_element, "image");
+                canvas_node->append_node(tex_node);
+                tex_node->append_attribute(
+                        document->allocate_attribute("name", document->allocate_string(texture->name.c_str())));
+
+                uint16_t coords[4];
+                coords[0] = texture->packX * 2;
+                coords[1] = (texture->packX + texture->width) * 2;
+                coords[2] = texture->packY * 2;
+                coords[3] = (texture->packY + texture->height) * 2;
+                snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), FMT_4U16(coords));
+                tex_node->append_node(
+                        allocate_node_and_attrib(document, "imgrect", document->allocate_string(tmp), "__type",
+                                                 "4u16"));
+                coords[0] += 2;
+                coords[1] -= 2;
+                coords[2] += 2;
+                coords[3] -= 2;
+                snprintf(tmp, sizeof(tmp), FMT_4U16(coords));
+                tex_node->append_node(
+                        allocate_node_and_attrib(document, "uvrect", document->allocate_string(tmp), "__type", "4u16"));
+
+                // generate md5
+                MD5 md5_tex_name;
+                md5_tex_name.add(texture->name.c_str(), texture->name.length());
+
+                // build image info
+                image_t image_info;
+                image_info.name = texture->name;
+                image_info.name_md5 = md5_tex_name.getHash();
+                image_info.format = ARGB8888REV;
+                image_info.compression = compress;
+                image_info.ifs_mod_path = ifs_mod_path;
+                image_info.width = texture->width;
+                image_info.height = texture->height;
+
+                auto md5_path = ifs_path + "/tex/" + image_info.name_md5;
+                ifs_textures[md5_path] = image_info;
+            }
+        }
+
+        logf("Texture extend total time %d ms", time() - start);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void parse_texturelist(string const &path, string const &norm_path, optional<string> &mod_path) {
+        bool prop_was_rewritten = false;
+
+        // get a reasonable base path
+        auto ifs_path = norm_path;
+        ifs_path.resize(ifs_path.size() - strlen("/tex/texturelist.xml"));
+        logf_verbose("Reading ifs %s", ifs_path.c_str());
+        auto ifs_mod_path = ifs_path;
+        string_replace(ifs_mod_path, ".ifs", "_ifs");
+
+        // TODO ifs_path gets invalid later this function for unknown reasons
+        auto ifs_path2 = ifs_path;
+
+        if (!find_first_modfolder(ifs_mod_path)) {
+            logf_verbose("mod folder doesn't exist, skipping");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // open the correct file
+        auto path_to_open = mod_path ? *mod_path : path;
+        rapidxml::xml_document<> texturelist;
+        auto success = rapidxml_from_avs_filepath(path_to_open, texturelist, texturelist);
+        if (!success)
+            return;
+
+        auto texturelist_node = texturelist.first_node("texturelist");
+
+        if (!texturelist_node) {
+            logf("texlist has no texturelist node");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto extra_pngs = list_pngs(ifs_mod_path);
+
+        auto compress = NONE;
+        rapidxml::xml_attribute<> *compress_node;
+        if ((compress_node = texturelist_node->first_attribute("compress"))) {
+            if (!_stricmp(compress_node->value(), "avslz")) {
+                compress = AVSLZ;
+            } else {
+                compress = UNSUPPORTED_COMPRESS;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (auto texture = texturelist_node->first_node("texture");
+             texture;
+             texture = texture->next_sibling("texture")) {
+
+            auto format = texture->first_attribute("format");
+            if (!format) {
+                logf("Texture missing format %s", path_to_open.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            //<size __type="2u16">128 128</size>
+            auto size = texture->first_node("size");
+            if (!size) {
+                logf("Texture missing size %s", path_to_open.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            auto format_type = UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+            if (!_stricmp(format->value(), "argb8888rev")) {
+                format_type = ARGB8888REV;
+            } else if (!_stricmp(format->value(), "dxt5")) {
+                format_type = DXT5;
+            }
+
+            for (auto image = texture->first_node("image");
+                 image;
+                 image = image->next_sibling("image")) {
+                auto name = image->first_attribute("name");
+                if (!name) {
+                    logf("Texture missing name %s", path_to_open.c_str());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                uint16_t dimensions[4];
+                auto imgrect = image->first_node("imgrect");
+                auto uvrect = image->first_node("uvrect");
+                if (!imgrect || !uvrect) {
+                    logf("Texture missing dimensions %s", path_to_open.c_str());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // it's a 4u16
+                sscanf(imgrect->value(), "%hu %hu %hu %hu",
+                        &dimensions[0],
+                        &dimensions[1],
+                        &dimensions[2],
+                        &dimensions[3]);
+
+                // generate md5
+                MD5 md5_name;
+                md5_name.add(name->value(), strlen(name->value()));
+
+                //logf("Image '%s' compress %d format %d", tmp, compress, format_type);
+                image_t image_info;
+                image_info.name = name->value();
+                image_info.name_md5 = md5_name.getHash();
+                image_info.format = format_type;
+                image_info.compression = compress;
+                image_info.ifs_mod_path = ifs_mod_path;
+                image_info.width = (dimensions[1] - dimensions[0]) / 2;
+                image_info.height = (dimensions[3] - dimensions[2]) / 2;
+
+                auto md5_path = ifs_path2 + "/tex/" + image_info.name_md5;
+                ifs_textures[md5_path] = image_info;
+
+                // TODO: why does this make it not crash
+                if (config.verbose_logs) {
+                    log_info("md5", "{}", md5_path);
+                }
+
+                extra_pngs.erase(image_info.name);
+            }
+        }
+
+        logf_verbose("%d added PNGs for %s", extra_pngs.size(), ifs_path2.c_str());
+        if (!extra_pngs.empty()) {
+            if (add_images_to_list(extra_pngs, texturelist_node, ifs_path2, ifs_mod_path, compress))
+                prop_was_rewritten = true;
+        }
+
+        if (prop_was_rewritten) {
+            string outfolder = CACHE_FOLDER "/" + ifs_mod_path;
+            if (!mkdir_p(outfolder)) {
+                logf("Couldn't create cache folder");
+            }
+            string outfile = outfolder + "/texturelist.xml";
+            rapidxml_dump_to_file(outfile, texturelist);
+            mod_path = outfile;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool cache_texture(string const &png_path, image_t &tex) {
+        string cache_path = tex.cache_folder();
+        if (!mkdir_p(cache_path)) {
+            logf("Couldn't create texture cache folder");
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        string cache_file = tex.cache_file();
+        auto cache_time = file_time(cache_file.c_str());
+        auto png_time = file_time(png_path.c_str());
+
+        // the cache is fresh, don't do the same work twice
+#ifndef ALWAYS_CACHE
+        if (cache_time > 0 && cache_time >= dll_time && cache_time >= png_time) {
+            return true;
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // make the cache
+        FILE *cache;
+
+        unsigned error;
+        unsigned char *image;
+        unsigned width, height; // TODO use these to check against xml
+
+        error = lodepng_decode32_file(&image, &width, &height, png_path.c_str());
+        if (error) {
+            logf("can't load png %u: %s\n", error, lodepng_error_text(error));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if ((int) width != tex.width || (int) height != tex.height) {
+            logf("Loaded png (%dx%d) doesn't match texturelist.xml (%dx%d), ignoring", width, height, tex.width,
+                 tex.height);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        size_t image_size = 4 * width * height;
+
+        switch (tex.format) {
+            case ARGB8888REV:
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < image_size; i += 4) {
+                    // swap r and b
+                    auto tmp = image[i];
+                    image[i] = image[i + 2];
+                    image[i + 2] = tmp;
+                }
+                break;
+            case DXT5: {
+                size_t dxt5_size = image_size / 4;
+                auto *dxt5_image = (unsigned char *) malloc(dxt5_size);
+                rygCompress(dxt5_image, image, width, height, 1);
+                free(image);
+                image = dxt5_image;
+                image_size = dxt5_size;
+
+                // the data has swapped endianness for every WORD
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < image_size; i += 2) {
+                    auto tmp = image[i];
+                    image[i] = image[i + 1];
+                    image[i + 1] = tmp;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        auto uncompressed_size = image_size;
+
+        if (tex.compression == AVSLZ) {
+            size_t compressed_size;
+            auto compressed = lz_compress(image, image_size, &compressed_size);
+            free(image);
+            if (compressed == nullptr) {
+                logf("Couldn't compress");
+                return false;
+            }
+            image = compressed;
+            image_size = compressed_size;
+        }
+
+        cache = std::fopen(cache_file.c_str(), "wb");
+        if (!cache) {
+            logf("can't open cache for writing");
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (tex.compression == AVSLZ) {
+            uint32_t uncomp_sz = _byteswap_ulong((uint32_t) uncompressed_size);
+            uint32_t comp_sz = _byteswap_ulong((uint32_t) image_size);
+            fwrite(&uncomp_sz, 4, 1, cache);
+            fwrite(&comp_sz, 4, 1, cache);
+        }
+        fwrite(image, 1, image_size, cache);
+        fclose(cache);
+        free(image);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void handle_texture(string const &norm_path, optional<string> &mod_path) {
+        logf_verbose("handle_texture");
+        auto tex_search = ifs_textures.find(norm_path);
+        if (tex_search == ifs_textures.end()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        logf_verbose("Mapped file %s is found!", norm_path.c_str());
+        auto tex = tex_search->second;
+
+        // remove the /tex/, it's nicer to navigate
+        auto png_path = find_first_modfile(tex.ifs_mod_path + "/" + tex.name + ".png");
+        if (!png_path) {
+            // but maybe they used it anyway
+            png_path = find_first_modfile(tex.ifs_mod_path + "/tex/" + tex.name + ".png");
+            if (!png_path)
+                return;
+        }
+
+        if (tex.compression == UNSUPPORTED_COMPRESS) {
+            logf("Unsupported compression for %s", png_path->c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+        if (tex.format == UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT) {
+            logf("Unsupported texture format for %s", png_path->c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        logf_verbose("Mapped file %s found!", png_path->c_str());
+        if (cache_texture(*png_path, tex)) {
+            mod_path = tex.cache_file();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void hash_filenames(vector<string> &filenames, uint8_t hash[16]) {
+        MD5 digest;
+        for (auto &path : filenames) {
+            digest.add(path.c_str(), path.length());
+        }
+        digest.getHash(hash);
+    }
+
+    void merge_xmls(string const &path, string const &norm_path, optional<string> &mod_path) {
+        auto start = time();
+        string out;
+        string out_folder;
+        rapidxml::xml_document<> merged_xml;
+
+        auto merge_path = norm_path;
+        string_replace(merge_path, ".xml", ".merged.xml");
+        auto to_merge = find_all_modfile(merge_path);
+        // nothing to do...
+        if (to_merge.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto starting = mod_path ? *mod_path : path;
+        out = CACHE_FOLDER "/" + norm_path;
+        auto out_hashed = out + ".hashed";
+
+        uint8_t hash[16];
+        hash_filenames(to_merge, hash);
+
+        uint8_t cache_hash[16] = {0};
+        FILE *cache_hashfile{};
+        cache_hashfile = std::fopen(out_hashed.c_str(), "rb");
+        if (cache_hashfile) {
+            fread(cache_hash, sizeof(uint8_t), std::size(cache_hash), cache_hashfile);
+            fclose(cache_hashfile);
+        }
+
+        auto time_out = file_time(out.c_str());
+        // don't forget to take the input into account
+        time_t newest = file_time(starting.c_str());
+        for (auto &path : to_merge)
+            newest = std::max(newest, file_time(path.c_str()));
+        // no need to merge - timestamps all up to date, dll not newer, files haven't been deleted
+        if (time_out >= newest && time_out >= dll_time && memcmp(hash, cache_hash, sizeof(hash)) == 0) {
+            mod_path = out;
+            return;
+        }
+
+        auto first_result = rapidxml_from_avs_filepath(starting, merged_xml, merged_xml);
+        if (!first_result) {
+            logf("Couldn't merge (can't load first xml %s)", starting.c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        logf("Merging into %s", starting.c_str());
+        for (auto &path : to_merge) {
+            logf("  %s", path.c_str());
+            rapidxml::xml_document<> rapid_to_merge;
+            auto merge_load_result = rapidxml_from_avs_filepath(path, rapid_to_merge, merged_xml);
+            if (!merge_load_result) {
+                logf("Couldn't merge (can't load xml) %s", path.c_str());
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // toplevel nodes include doc declaration and mdb node
+            // getting the last node grabs the mdb node
+            // document -> mdb entry -> music entry
+            for (rapidxml::xml_node<> *node = rapid_to_merge.last_node()->first_node(); node; node = node->next_sibling()) {
+                merged_xml.last_node()->append_node(merged_xml.clone_node(node));
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto folder_terminator = out.rfind("/");
+        out_folder = out.substr(0, folder_terminator);
+        if (!mkdir_p(out_folder)) {
+            logf("Couldn't create merged cache folder");
+        }
+
+        rapidxml_dump_to_file(out, merged_xml);
+        cache_hashfile = std::fopen(out_hashed.c_str(), "wb");
+        if (cache_hashfile) {
+            fwrite(hash, 1, sizeof(hash), cache_hashfile);
+            fclose(cache_hashfile);
+        }
+        mod_path = out;
+
+        logf("Merge took %d ms", time() - start);
+    }
+
+    int hook_avs_fs_lstat(const char *name, struct avs::core::avs_stat *st) {
+        if (name == nullptr)
+            return avs::core::avs_fs_lstat(name, st);
+
+        logf_verbose("statting %s", name);
+        string path = name;
+
+        // can it be modded?
+        auto norm_path = normalise_path(path);
+        if (!norm_path)
+            return avs::core::avs_fs_lstat(name, st);
+
+        auto mod_path = find_first_modfile(*norm_path);
+
+        if (mod_path) {
+            logf_verbose("Overwriting lstat");
+            return avs::core::avs_fs_lstat(mod_path->c_str(), st);
+        }
+        return avs::core::avs_fs_lstat(name, st);
+    }
+
+    avs::core::avs_file_t hook_avs_fs_open(const char *name, uint16_t mode, int flags) {
+        if (name == nullptr)
+            return avs::core::avs_fs_open(name, mode, flags);
+        logf_verbose("opening %s mode %d flags %d", name, mode, flags);
+
+        // only touch reads
+        if (mode != 1) {
+            return avs::core::avs_fs_open(name, mode, flags);
+        }
+        string path = name;
+
+        // can it be modded ie is it under /data ?
+        auto _norm_path = normalise_path(path);
+        if (!_norm_path)
+            return avs::core::avs_fs_open(name, mode, flags);
+        // unpack success
+        auto norm_path = *_norm_path;
+
+        auto mod_path = find_first_modfile(norm_path);
+        if (!mod_path) {
+            // mod ifs paths use _ifs
+            string_replace(norm_path, ".ifs", "_ifs");
+            mod_path = find_first_modfile(norm_path);
+        }
+
+        if (string_ends_with(path.c_str(), ".xml")) {
+            merge_xmls(path, norm_path, mod_path);
+        }
+
+        if (string_ends_with(path.c_str(), "texturelist.xml")) {
+            parse_texturelist(path, norm_path, mod_path);
+        } else {
+            handle_texture(norm_path, mod_path);
+        }
+
+        if (mod_path) {
+            logf("Using %s", mod_path->c_str());
+        }
+
+        auto to_open = mod_path ? *mod_path : path;
+        auto ret = avs::core::avs_fs_open(to_open.c_str(), mode, flags);
+        logf_verbose("returned %d", ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int init() {
+        logf("IFS layeredFS v"
+                     VERSION
+                     " init...");
+
+        // init DLL time
+        char dll_filename[MAX_PATH];
+        if (GetModuleFileNameA(GetModuleHandle(nullptr), dll_filename, sizeof(dll_filename))) {
+            dll_time = file_time(dll_filename);
+        }
+
+        // init functions
+        load_config();
+        cache_mods();
+
+        // check if required functions are available
+        if (avs::core::avs_fs_open == nullptr || avs::core::avs_fs_lstat == nullptr
+            || avs::core::property_node_read == nullptr) {
+            logf("optional avs imports not available :(");
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        logf("Hooking ifs operations");
+        initialized = true;
+
+        logf("Detected mod folders:");
+        for (auto &p : available_mods()) {
+            logf("%s", p.c_str());
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/hook.h b/external/layeredfs/hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ded088a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "avs/core.h"
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    extern time_t dll_time;
+    extern bool initialized;
+
+    int hook_avs_fs_lstat(const char *name, struct avs::core::avs_stat *st);
+    avs::core::avs_file_t hook_avs_fs_open(const char *name, uint16_t mode, int flags);
+    int init(void);
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/modpath_handler.cpp b/external/layeredfs/modpath_handler.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29ab946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/modpath_handler.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,227 @@
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+#include "modpath_handler.h"
+
+#include "config.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+using std::nullopt;
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    typedef struct {
+        std::string name;
+        std::unordered_set<string> contents;
+    } mod_contents_t;
+
+    std::vector<mod_contents_t> cached_mods;
+
+    std::unordered_set<string> walk_dir(const string &path, const string &root) {
+        std::unordered_set<string> result;
+
+        WIN32_FIND_DATAA ffd;
+        auto contents = FindFirstFileA((path + "/*").c_str(), &ffd);
+
+        if (contents != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            do {
+                if (!strcmp(ffd.cFileName, ".") ||
+                    !strcmp(ffd.cFileName, "..")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                string result_path;
+                if (ffd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) {
+                    result_path = root + ffd.cFileName + "/";
+                    logf_verbose("  %s", result_path.c_str());
+                    auto subdir_walk = walk_dir(path + "/" + ffd.cFileName, result_path);
+                    result.insert(subdir_walk.begin(), subdir_walk.end());
+                } else {
+                    result_path = root + ffd.cFileName;
+                    logf_verbose("  %s", result_path.c_str());
+                }
+                result.insert(result_path);
+            } while (FindNextFileA(contents, &ffd) != 0);
+
+            FindClose(contents);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void cache_mods(void) {
+        if (config.developer_mode)
+            return;
+
+        // this is a bit hacky
+        config.developer_mode = true;
+        auto avail_mods = available_mods();
+        config.developer_mode = false;
+
+        for (auto &dir : avail_mods) {
+            logf_verbose("Walking %s", dir.c_str());
+            mod_contents_t mod;
+            mod.name = dir;
+            mod.contents = walk_dir(dir, "");
+            cached_mods.push_back(mod);
+        }
+    }
+
+    optional<string> normalise_path(const string &path) {
+        auto data_pos = path.find("data/");
+        auto data2_pos = string::npos;
+
+        if (data_pos == string::npos) {
+            data2_pos = path.find("data2/");
+
+            if (data2_pos == string::npos)
+                return nullopt;
+        }
+        auto actual_pos = (data_pos != string::npos) ? data_pos : data2_pos;
+        // if data2 was found, use root data2/.../... instead of just .../...
+        auto offset = (data2_pos != string::npos) ? 0 : strlen("data/");
+        auto data_str = path.substr(actual_pos + offset);
+        // nuke backslash
+        string_replace(data_str, "\\", "/");
+        // nuke double slash
+        string_replace(data_str, "//", "/");
+
+        return data_str;
+    }
+
+    vector<string> available_mods() {
+        vector<string> ret;
+        string mod_root = MOD_FOLDER "/";
+
+        if (config.developer_mode) {
+            WIN32_FIND_DATAA ffd;
+            auto mods = FindFirstFileA(MOD_FOLDER "/*", &ffd);
+
+            if (mods != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                do {
+                    if (!(ffd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ||
+                        !strcmp(ffd.cFileName, ".") ||
+                        !strcmp(ffd.cFileName, "..") ||
+                        !strcmp(ffd.cFileName, "_cache")) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    ret.push_back(mod_root + ffd.cFileName);
+                } while (FindNextFileA(mods, &ffd) != 0);
+
+                FindClose(mods);
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (auto &dir : cached_mods) {
+                ret.push_back(dir.name);
+            }
+        }
+        std::sort(ret.begin(), ret.end());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    bool mkdir_p(string &path) {
+        /* Adapted from http://stackoverflow.com/a/2336245/119527 */
+        const size_t len = strlen(path.c_str());
+        char _path[MAX_PATH + 1];
+        char *p;
+
+        errno = 0;
+
+        /* Copy string so its mutable */
+        if (len > sizeof(_path) - 1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        strncpy(_path, path.c_str(), MAX_PATH);
+        _path[MAX_PATH] = '\0';
+
+        /* Iterate the string */
+        for (p = _path + 1; *p; p++) {
+            if (*p == '/') {
+                /* Temporarily truncate */
+                *p = '\0';
+
+                if (!CreateDirectoryA(_path, NULL) && GetLastError() != ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                *p = '/';
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!CreateDirectoryA(_path, NULL)) {
+            if (GetLastError() != ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // same for files and folders when cached
+    optional<string> find_first_cached_item(const string &norm_path) {
+        for (auto &dir : cached_mods) {
+            auto file_search = dir.contents.find(norm_path);
+            if (file_search == dir.contents.end()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            return dir.name + "/" + *file_search;
+        }
+
+        return nullopt;
+    }
+
+    optional<string> find_first_modfile(const string &norm_path) {
+        if (config.developer_mode) {
+            for (auto &dir : available_mods()) {
+                auto mod_path = dir + "/" + norm_path;
+                if (file_exists(mod_path.c_str())) {
+                    return mod_path;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            return find_first_cached_item(norm_path);
+        }
+        return nullopt;
+    }
+
+    optional<string> find_first_modfolder(const string &norm_path) {
+        if (config.developer_mode) {
+            for (auto &dir : available_mods()) {
+                auto mod_path = dir + "/" + norm_path;
+                if (folder_exists(mod_path.c_str())) {
+                    return mod_path;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            return find_first_cached_item(norm_path + "/");
+        }
+        return nullopt;
+    }
+
+    vector<string> find_all_modfile(const string &norm_path) {
+        vector<string> ret;
+
+        if (config.developer_mode) {
+            for (auto &dir : available_mods()) {
+                auto mod_path = dir + "/" + norm_path;
+                if (file_exists(mod_path.c_str())) {
+                    ret.push_back(mod_path);
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (auto &dir : cached_mods) {
+                auto file_search = dir.contents.find(norm_path);
+                if (file_search == dir.contents.end()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                ret.push_back(dir.name + "/" + *file_search);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // needed for consistency when hashing names
+        std::sort(ret.begin(), ret.end());
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/modpath_handler.h b/external/layeredfs/modpath_handler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b38bcba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/modpath_handler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#if 0
+#include <experimental/optional>
+using std::experimental::optional;
+#else
+#include <optional>
+using std::optional;
+#endif
+
+using std::string;
+using std::vector;
+
+#define MOD_FOLDER "./data_mods"
+#define CACHE_FOLDER MOD_FOLDER "/_cache"
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    void cache_mods(void);
+    vector<string> available_mods();
+    optional<string> normalise_path(const string &path);
+    optional<string> find_first_modfile(const string &norm_path);
+    optional<string> find_first_modfolder(const string &norm_path);
+    vector<string> find_all_modfile(const string &norm_path);
+    bool mkdir_p(string &path);
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/texture_packer.cpp b/external/layeredfs/texture_packer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99d9dbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/texture_packer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "texture_packer.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "3rd_party/GuillotineBinPack.h"
+
+using namespace rbp;
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    Bitmap::Bitmap(const string &name, int width, int height)
+            : name(name), width(width), height(height) {
+
+    }
+
+    bool pack_textures(vector<Bitmap *> &textures, vector<Packer *> &packed_textures) {
+        std::sort(textures.begin(), textures.end(), [](const Bitmap *a, const Bitmap *b) {
+            return (a->width * a->height) < (b->width * b->height);
+        });
+
+        // pack the bitmaps
+        while (!textures.empty()) {
+            auto packer = new Packer(MAX_TEXTURE);
+            packer->Pack(textures);
+            packed_textures.push_back(packer);
+
+            // failed
+            if (packer->bitmaps.empty())
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    Packer::Packer(int max_size)
+            : width(max_size), height(max_size) {
+
+    }
+
+    void Packer::Pack(vector<Bitmap *> &bitmaps) {
+        GuillotineBinPack packer(width, height);
+
+        int ww = 0;
+        int hh = 0;
+        while (!bitmaps.empty()) {
+            auto bitmap = bitmaps.back();
+
+            Rect rect = packer.Insert(bitmap->width, bitmap->height, false,
+                                      GuillotineBinPack::FreeRectChoiceHeuristic::RectBestAreaFit,
+                                      GuillotineBinPack::GuillotineSplitHeuristic::SplitLongerAxis);
+
+            if (rect.width == 0 || rect.height == 0)
+                break;
+
+            bitmap->packX = rect.x;
+            bitmap->packY = rect.y;
+            this->bitmaps.push_back(bitmap);
+            bitmaps.pop_back();
+
+            ww = std::max(rect.x + rect.width, ww);
+            hh = std::max(rect.y + rect.height, hh);
+        }
+
+        while (width / 2 >= ww)
+            width /= 2;
+        while (height / 2 >= hh)
+            height /= 2;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/texture_packer.h b/external/layeredfs/texture_packer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9e7d88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/texture_packer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#define MAX_TEXTURE 4096
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+using std::string;
+using std::vector;
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    struct Bitmap {
+        string name;
+        int width;
+        int height;
+        int packX;
+        int packY;
+
+        Bitmap(const string &name, int width, int height);
+    };
+
+    struct Packer {
+        int width;
+        int height;
+
+        vector<Bitmap *> bitmaps;
+
+        Packer(int max_size);
+
+        void Pack(vector<Bitmap *> &bitmaps);
+    };
+
+    bool pack_textures(vector<Bitmap *> &textures, vector<Packer *> &packed_textures);
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/utils.cpp b/external/layeredfs/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1868cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    char *snprintf_auto(const char *fmt, ...) {
+        va_list argList;
+
+        va_start(argList, fmt);
+        size_t len = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, argList);
+        auto s = (char *) malloc(len + 1);
+        vsnprintf(s, len + 1, fmt, argList);
+        va_end(argList);
+        return s;
+    }
+
+    int string_ends_with(const char *str, const char *suffix) {
+        size_t str_len = strlen(str);
+        size_t suffix_len = strlen(suffix);
+
+        return
+                (str_len >= suffix_len) &&
+                (0 == strcmp(str + (str_len - suffix_len), suffix));
+    }
+
+    void string_replace(std::string &str, const char *from, const char *to) {
+        auto to_len = strlen(to);
+        auto from_len = strlen(from);
+        size_t offset = 0;
+        for (auto pos = str.find(from); pos != std::string::npos; pos = str.find(from, offset)) {
+            str.replace(pos, from_len, to);
+            // avoid recursion if to contains from
+            offset = pos + to_len;
+        }
+    }
+
+    wchar_t *str_widen(const char *src) {
+        int nchars;
+        wchar_t *result;
+
+        nchars = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, src, -1, NULL, 0);
+
+        if (!nchars) {
+            abort();
+        }
+
+        result = (wchar_t *) malloc(nchars * sizeof(wchar_t));
+
+        if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, src, -1, result, nchars)) {
+            abort();
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    bool file_exists(const char *name) {
+        auto res = avs::core::avs_fs_open(name, 1, 420);
+        if (res > 0)
+            avs::core::avs_fs_close(res);
+        return res > 0;
+    }
+
+    bool folder_exists(const char *name) {
+        WIN32_FIND_DATAA ffd;
+        HANDLE hFind = FindFirstFileA(name, &ffd);
+
+        if (hFind == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE || !(ffd.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        FindClose(hFind);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    time_t file_time(const char *path) {
+        auto wide = str_widen(path);
+        auto hFile = CreateFileW(wide,  // file to open
+                                 GENERIC_READ,          // open for reading
+                                 FILE_SHARE_READ,       // share for reading
+                                 NULL,                  // default security
+                                 OPEN_EXISTING,         // existing file only
+                                 FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, // normal file
+                                 NULL);                 // no attr. template
+        free(wide);
+        if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+            return 0;
+
+        FILETIME mtime;
+        GetFileTime(hFile, NULL, NULL, &mtime);
+        CloseHandle(hFile);
+
+        ULARGE_INTEGER result;
+        result.LowPart = mtime.dwLowDateTime;
+        result.HighPart = mtime.dwHighDateTime;
+        return result.QuadPart;
+    }
+
+    LONG time(void) {
+        SYSTEMTIME time;
+        GetSystemTime(&time);
+        return (time.wSecond * 1000) + time.wMilliseconds;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t *lz_compress(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length, size_t *compressed_length) {
+
+        // check if cstream is unavailable
+        if (avs::core::cstream_create == nullptr) {
+            return lz_compress_dummy(input, input_length, compressed_length);
+        } else {
+
+            /*
+             * Compression using cstream
+             */
+
+            auto compressor = avs::core::cstream_create(avs::core::CSTREAM_AVSLZ_COMPRESS);
+            if (!compressor) {
+                logf("Couldn't create");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            compressor->in_buf = input;
+            compressor->in_size = (uint32_t) input_length;
+            // worst case, for every 8 bytes there will be an extra flag byte
+            auto to_add = MAX(input_length / 8, 1);
+            auto compress_size = input_length + to_add;
+            auto compress_buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(compress_size);
+            compressor->out_buf = compress_buffer;
+            compressor->out_size = (uint32_t) compress_size;
+
+            bool ret;
+            ret = avs::core::cstream_operate(compressor);
+            if (!ret && !compressor->in_size) {
+                compressor->in_buf = NULL;
+                compressor->in_size = -1;
+                ret = avs::core::cstream_operate(compressor);
+            }
+            if (!ret) {
+                logf("Couldn't operate");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            if (avs::core::cstream_finish(compressor)) {
+                logf("Couldn't finish");
+                return NULL;
+            }
+            *compressed_length = compress_size - compressor->out_size;
+            avs::core::cstream_destroy(compressor);
+            return compress_buffer;
+        }
+    }
+
+    uint8_t *lz_compress_dummy(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length, size_t *compressed_length) {
+        uint8_t *output = (uint8_t *) malloc(input_length + input_length / 8 + 9);
+        uint8_t *cur_byte = &output[0];
+
+        // copy data blocks
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < input_length / 8; n++) {
+
+            // fake flag
+            *cur_byte++ = 0xFF;
+
+            // uncompressed data
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                *cur_byte++ = input[n * 8 + i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        // remaining bytes
+        int extra_bytes = input_length % 8;
+        if (extra_bytes == 0) {
+            *cur_byte++ = 0x00;
+        } else {
+            *cur_byte++ = 0xFF >> (8 - extra_bytes);
+            for (size_t i = input_length - extra_bytes; i < input_length; i++) {
+                *cur_byte++ = input[i];
+            }
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                *cur_byte++ = 0x00;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // calculate size
+        *compressed_length = (size_t) (cur_byte - &output[0]);
+        return output;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/external/layeredfs/utils.h b/external/layeredfs/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..100328b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/layeredfs/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "config.h"
+
+#define logf(fmt,...) {char*b=snprintf_auto(fmt,##__VA_ARGS__);log_misc("layeredfs","{}",b?b:":(");if(b)free(b);} void()
+#define logf_verbose(...) if (config.verbose_logs) {logf(__VA_ARGS__);} void()
+
+namespace layeredfs {
+
+    char *snprintf_auto(const char *fmt, ...);
+    int string_ends_with(const char *str, const char *suffix);
+    void string_replace(std::string &str, const char *from, const char *to);
+    wchar_t *str_widen(const char *src);
+    bool file_exists(const char *name);
+    bool folder_exists(const char *name);
+    time_t file_time(const char *path);
+    LONG time(void);
+    uint8_t *lz_compress(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length, size_t *compressed_length);
+    uint8_t *lz_compress_dummy(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length, size_t *compressed_length);
+}
diff --git a/external/linalg.h b/external/linalg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aff292a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/linalg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,721 @@
+// linalg.h - 2.2-beta - Single-header public domain linear algebra library
+//
+// The intent of this library is to provide the bulk of the functionality
+// you need to write programs that frequently use small, fixed-size vectors
+// and matrices, in domains such as computational geometry or computer
+// graphics. It strives for terse, readable source code.
+//
+// The original author of this software is Sterling Orsten, and its permanent
+// home is <http://github.com/sgorsten/linalg/>. If you find this software
+// useful, an acknowledgement in your source text and/or product documentation
+// is appreciated, but not required.
+//
+// The author acknowledges significant insights and contributions by:
+//     Stan Melax <http://github.com/melax/>
+//     Dimitri Diakopoulos <http://github.com/ddiakopoulos/>
+//
+// Some features are deprecated. Define LINALG_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE to remove them.
+
+
+
+// This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+//
+// Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or
+// distribute this software, either in source code form or as a compiled
+// binary, for any purpose, commercial or non-commercial, and by any
+// means.
+//
+// In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors
+// of this software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the
+// software to the public domain. We make this dedication for the benefit
+// of the public at large and to the detriment of our heirs and
+// successors. We intend this dedication to be an overt act of
+// relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to this
+// software under copyright law.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+// EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+// IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR
+// OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE,
+// ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+// OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+//
+// For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>
+
+
+
+#pragma once
+#ifndef LINALG_H
+#define LINALG_H
+
+#include <cmath>        // For various unary math functions, such as std::sqrt
+#include <cstdlib>      // To resolve std::abs ambiguity on clang
+#include <cstdint>      // For implementing namespace linalg::aliases
+#include <array>        // For std::array
+#include <iosfwd>       // For forward definitions of std::ostream
+#include <type_traits>  // For std::enable_if, std::is_same, std::declval
+#include <functional>   // For std::hash declaration
+
+// In Visual Studio 2015, `constexpr` applied to a member function implies `const`, which causes ambiguous overload resolution
+#if _MSC_VER <= 1900
+#define LINALG_CONSTEXPR14
+#else
+#define LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 constexpr
+#endif
+
+namespace linalg
+{
+    // Small, fixed-length vector type, consisting of exactly M elements of type T, and presumed to be a column-vector unless otherwise noted.
+    template<class T, int M> struct vec;
+
+    // Small, fixed-size matrix type, consisting of exactly M rows and N columns of type T, stored in column-major order.
+    template<class T, int M, int N> struct mat;
+
+    // Specialize converter<T,U> with a function application operator that converts type U to type T to enable implicit conversions
+    template<class T, class U> struct converter {};
+    namespace detail
+    {
+        template<class T, class U> using conv_t = typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<T,U>::value, decltype(converter<T,U>{}(std::declval<U>()))>::type;
+
+        // Trait for retrieving scalar type of any linear algebra object
+        template<class A> struct scalar_type {};
+        template<class T, int M       > struct scalar_type<vec<T,M  >> { using type = T; };
+        template<class T, int M, int N> struct scalar_type<mat<T,M,N>> { using type = T; };
+
+        // Type returned by the compare(...) function which supports all six comparison operators against 0
+        template<class T> struct ord { T a,b; };
+        template<class T> constexpr bool operator == (const ord<T> & o, std::nullptr_t) { return o.a == o.b; }
+        template<class T> constexpr bool operator != (const ord<T> & o, std::nullptr_t) { return !(o.a == o.b); }
+        template<class T> constexpr bool operator < (const ord<T> & o, std::nullptr_t) { return o.a < o.b; }
+        template<class T> constexpr bool operator > (const ord<T> & o, std::nullptr_t) { return o.b < o.a; }
+        template<class T> constexpr bool operator <= (const ord<T> & o, std::nullptr_t) { return !(o.b < o.a); }
+        template<class T> constexpr bool operator >= (const ord<T> & o, std::nullptr_t) { return !(o.a < o.b); }
+
+        // Patterns which can be used with the compare(...) function
+        template<class A, class B> struct any_compare {};
+        template<class T> struct any_compare<vec<T,1>,vec<T,1>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const vec<T,1> & a, const vec<T,1> & b) const { return ord<T>{a.x,b.x}; } };
+        template<class T> struct any_compare<vec<T,2>,vec<T,2>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const vec<T,2> & a, const vec<T,2> & b) const { return !(a.x==b.x) ? ord<T>{a.x,b.x} : ord<T>{a.y,b.y}; } };
+        template<class T> struct any_compare<vec<T,3>,vec<T,3>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const vec<T,3> & a, const vec<T,3> & b) const { return !(a.x==b.x) ? ord<T>{a.x,b.x} : !(a.y==b.y) ? ord<T>{a.y,b.y} : ord<T>{a.z,b.z}; } };
+        template<class T> struct any_compare<vec<T,4>,vec<T,4>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const vec<T,4> & a, const vec<T,4> & b) const { return !(a.x==b.x) ? ord<T>{a.x,b.x} : !(a.y==b.y) ? ord<T>{a.y,b.y} : !(a.z==b.z) ? ord<T>{a.z,b.z} : ord<T>{a.w,b.w}; } };
+        template<class T, int M> struct any_compare<mat<T,M,1>,mat<T,M,1>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const mat<T,M,1> & a, const mat<T,M,1> & b) const { return compare(a.x,b.x); } };
+        template<class T, int M> struct any_compare<mat<T,M,2>,mat<T,M,2>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const mat<T,M,2> & a, const mat<T,M,2> & b) const { return a.x!=b.x ? compare(a.x,b.x) : compare(a.y,b.y); } };
+        template<class T, int M> struct any_compare<mat<T,M,3>,mat<T,M,3>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const mat<T,M,3> & a, const mat<T,M,3> & b) const { return a.x!=b.x ? compare(a.x,b.x) : a.y!=b.y ? compare(a.y,b.y) : compare(a.z,b.z); } };
+        template<class T, int M> struct any_compare<mat<T,M,4>,mat<T,M,4>> { using type=ord<T>; constexpr ord<T> operator() (const mat<T,M,4> & a, const mat<T,M,4> & b) const { return a.x!=b.x ? compare(a.x,b.x) : a.y!=b.y ? compare(a.y,b.y) : a.z!=b.z ? compare(a.z,b.z) : compare(a.w,b.w); } }; 
+
+        // Helper for compile-time index-based access to members of vector and matrix types
+        template<int I> struct getter;
+        template<> struct getter<0> { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A & a) const -> decltype(a.x) { return a.x; } };
+        template<> struct getter<1> { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A & a) const -> decltype(a.y) { return a.y; } };
+        template<> struct getter<2> { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A & a) const -> decltype(a.z) { return a.z; } };
+        template<> struct getter<3> { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A & a) const -> decltype(a.w) { return a.w; } };
+
+        // Stand-in for std::integer_sequence/std::make_integer_sequence
+        template<int... I> struct seq {};
+        template<int A, int N> struct make_seq_impl;
+        template<int A> struct make_seq_impl<A,0> { using type=seq<>; };
+        template<int A> struct make_seq_impl<A,1> { using type=seq<A+0>; };
+        template<int A> struct make_seq_impl<A,2> { using type=seq<A+0,A+1>; };
+        template<int A> struct make_seq_impl<A,3> { using type=seq<A+0,A+1,A+2>; };
+        template<int A> struct make_seq_impl<A,4> { using type=seq<A+0,A+1,A+2,A+3>; };
+        template<int A, int B> using make_seq = typename make_seq_impl<A,B-A>::type;
+        template<class T, int M, int... I> vec<T,sizeof...(I)> constexpr swizzle(const vec<T,M> & v, seq<I...> i) { return {getter<I>{}(v)...}; }
+        template<class T, int M, int N, int... I, int... J> mat<T,sizeof...(I),sizeof...(J)> constexpr swizzle(const mat<T,M,N> & m, seq<I...> i, seq<J...> j) { return {swizzle(getter<J>{}(m),i)...}; }
+
+        // SFINAE helpers to determine result of function application
+        template<class F, class... T> using ret_t = decltype(std::declval<F>()(std::declval<T>()...));
+
+        // SFINAE helper which is defined if all provided types are scalars
+        struct empty {};
+        template<class... T> struct scalars;
+        template<> struct scalars<> { using type=void; };
+        template<class T, class... U> struct scalars<T,U...> : std::conditional<std::is_arithmetic<T>::value, scalars<U...>, empty>::type {};
+        template<class... T> using scalars_t = typename scalars<T...>::type;
+
+        // Helpers which indicate how apply(F, ...) should be called for various arguments
+        template<class F, class Void, class... T> struct apply {}; // Patterns which contain only vectors or scalars
+        template<class F, int M, class A                  > struct apply<F, scalars_t<   >, vec<A,M>                    > { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A    >,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, const vec<A,M> & a                                        ) { return {f(getter<I>{}(a)                                )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B         > struct apply<F, scalars_t<   >, vec<A,M>, vec<B,M>          > { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B  >,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, const vec<A,M> & a, const vec<B,M> & b                    ) { return {f(getter<I>{}(a), getter<I>{}(b)                )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B         > struct apply<F, scalars_t<B  >, vec<A,M>, B                 > { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B  >,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, const vec<A,M> & a, B                b                    ) { return {f(getter<I>{}(a), b                             )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B         > struct apply<F, scalars_t<A  >, A,        vec<B,M>          > { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B  >,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, A                a, const vec<B,M> & b                    ) { return {f(a,              getter<I>{}(b)                )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B, class C> struct apply<F, scalars_t<   >, vec<A,M>, vec<B,M>, vec<C,M>> { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B,C>,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, const vec<A,M> & a, const vec<B,M> & b, const vec<C,M> & c) { return {f(getter<I>{}(a), getter<I>{}(b), getter<I>{}(c))...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B, class C> struct apply<F, scalars_t<C  >, vec<A,M>, vec<B,M>, C       > { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B,C>,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, const vec<A,M> & a, const vec<B,M> & b, C                c) { return {f(getter<I>{}(a), getter<I>{}(b), c             )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B, class C> struct apply<F, scalars_t<B  >, vec<A,M>, B,        vec<C,M>> { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B,C>,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, const vec<A,M> & a, B                b, const vec<C,M> & c) { return {f(getter<I>{}(a), b,              getter<I>{}(c))...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B, class C> struct apply<F, scalars_t<B,C>, vec<A,M>, B,        C       > { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B,C>,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, const vec<A,M> & a, B                b, C                c) { return {f(getter<I>{}(a), b,              c             )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B, class C> struct apply<F, scalars_t<A  >, A,        vec<B,M>, vec<C,M>> { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B,C>,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, A                a, const vec<B,M> & b, const vec<C,M> & c) { return {f(a,              getter<I>{}(b), getter<I>{}(c))...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B, class C> struct apply<F, scalars_t<A,C>, A,        vec<B,M>, C       > { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B,C>,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, A                a, const vec<B,M> & b, C                c) { return {f(a,              getter<I>{}(b), c             )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, class A, class B, class C> struct apply<F, scalars_t<A,B>, A,        B,        vec<C,M>> { using type=vec<ret_t<F,A,B,C>,M>; enum {size=M, mm=0}; template<int... I> static constexpr type impl(seq<I...>, F f, A                a, B                b, const vec<C,M> & c) { return {f(a,              b,              getter<I>{}(c))...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, int N, class A         > struct apply<F, scalars_t< >, mat<A,M,N>            > { using type=mat<ret_t<F,A  >,M,N>; enum {size=N, mm=0}; template<int... J> static constexpr type impl(seq<J...>, F f, const mat<A,M,N> & a                      ) { return {apply<F, void, vec<A,M>          >::impl(make_seq<0,M>{}, f, getter<J>{}(a)                )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, int N, class A, class B> struct apply<F, scalars_t< >, mat<A,M,N>, mat<B,M,N>> { using type=mat<ret_t<F,A,B>,M,N>; enum {size=N, mm=1}; template<int... J> static constexpr type impl(seq<J...>, F f, const mat<A,M,N> & a, const mat<B,M,N> & b) { return {apply<F, void, vec<A,M>, vec<B,M>>::impl(make_seq<0,M>{}, f, getter<J>{}(a), getter<J>{}(b))...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, int N, class A, class B> struct apply<F, scalars_t<B>, mat<A,M,N>, B         > { using type=mat<ret_t<F,A,B>,M,N>; enum {size=N, mm=0}; template<int... J> static constexpr type impl(seq<J...>, F f, const mat<A,M,N> & a, B                  b) { return {apply<F, void, vec<A,M>, B       >::impl(make_seq<0,M>{}, f, getter<J>{}(a), b             )...}; } };
+        template<class F, int M, int N, class A, class B> struct apply<F, scalars_t<A>, A,          mat<B,M,N>> { using type=mat<ret_t<F,A,B>,M,N>; enum {size=N, mm=0}; template<int... J> static constexpr type impl(seq<J...>, F f, A                  a, const mat<B,M,N> & b) { return {apply<F, void, A,        vec<B,M>>::impl(make_seq<0,M>{}, f, a,              getter<J>{}(b))...}; } };
+        template<class F, class... A> struct apply<F, scalars_t<A...>, A...> { using type = ret_t<F,A...>; enum {size=0, mm=0}; static constexpr type impl(seq<>, F f, A... a) { return f(a...); } };
+
+        // Function objects for selecting between alternatives
+        struct min    { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> typename std::remove_reference<decltype(a<b ? a : b)>::type { return a<b ? a : b; } };
+        struct max    { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> typename std::remove_reference<decltype(a<b ? b : a)>::type { return a<b ? b : a; } };
+        struct clamp  { template<class A, class B, class C> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b, C c) const -> typename std::remove_reference<decltype(a<b ? b : a<c ? a : c)>::type { return a<b ? b : a<c ? a : c; } };
+        struct select { template<class A, class B, class C> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b, C c) const -> typename std::remove_reference<decltype(a ? b : c)>::type             { return a ? b : c; } };
+        struct lerp   { template<class A, class B, class C> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b, C c) const -> decltype(a*(1-c) + b*c)                                               { return a*(1-c) + b*c; } };
+
+        // Function objects for applying operators
+        struct op_pos { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(+a) { return +a; } };
+        struct op_neg { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(-a) { return -a; } };
+        struct op_not { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(!a) { return !a; } };
+        struct op_cmp { template<class A> constexpr auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(~(a)) { return ~a; } };
+        struct op_mul { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a * b)  { return a * b; } };
+        struct op_div { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a / b)  { return a / b; } };
+        struct op_mod { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a % b)  { return a % b; } };
+        struct op_add { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a + b)  { return a + b; } };
+        struct op_sub { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a - b)  { return a - b; } };
+        struct op_lsh { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a << b) { return a << b; } };
+        struct op_rsh { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a >> b) { return a >> b; } };
+        struct op_lt  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a < b)  { return a < b; } };
+        struct op_gt  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a > b)  { return a > b; } };
+        struct op_le  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a <= b) { return a <= b; } };
+        struct op_ge  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a >= b) { return a >= b; } };
+        struct op_eq  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a == b) { return a == b; } };
+        struct op_ne  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a != b) { return a != b; } };
+        struct op_int { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a & b)  { return a & b; } };
+        struct op_xor { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a ^ b)  { return a ^ b; } };
+        struct op_un  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a | b)  { return a | b; } };
+        struct op_and { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a && b) { return a && b; } };
+        struct op_or  { template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(a || b) { return a || b; } };
+
+        // Function objects for applying standard library math functions
+        struct std_abs      { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::abs  (a)) { return std::abs  (a); } };
+        struct std_floor    { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::floor(a)) { return std::floor(a); } };
+        struct std_ceil     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::ceil (a)) { return std::ceil (a); } };
+        struct std_exp      { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::exp  (a)) { return std::exp  (a); } };
+        struct std_log      { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::log  (a)) { return std::log  (a); } };
+        struct std_log10    { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::log10(a)) { return std::log10(a); } };
+        struct std_sqrt     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::sqrt (a)) { return std::sqrt (a); } };
+        struct std_sin      { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::sin  (a)) { return std::sin  (a); } };
+        struct std_cos      { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::cos  (a)) { return std::cos  (a); } };
+        struct std_tan      { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::tan  (a)) { return std::tan  (a); } };
+        struct std_asin     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::asin (a)) { return std::asin (a); } };
+        struct std_acos     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::acos (a)) { return std::acos (a); } };
+        struct std_atan     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::atan (a)) { return std::atan (a); } };
+        struct std_sinh     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::sinh (a)) { return std::sinh (a); } };
+        struct std_cosh     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::cosh (a)) { return std::cosh (a); } };
+        struct std_tanh     { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::tanh (a)) { return std::tanh (a); } };
+        struct std_round    { template<class A> auto operator() (A a) const -> decltype(std::round(a)) { return std::round(a); } };
+        struct std_fmod     { template<class A, class B> auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(std::fmod    (a, b)) { return std::fmod    (a, b); } };
+        struct std_pow      { template<class A, class B> auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(std::pow     (a, b)) { return std::pow     (a, b); } };
+        struct std_atan2    { template<class A, class B> auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(std::atan2   (a, b)) { return std::atan2   (a, b); } };
+        struct std_copysign { template<class A, class B> auto operator() (A a, B b) const -> decltype(std::copysign(a, b)) { return std::copysign(a, b); } };
+    }
+
+    // Small, fixed-length vector type, consisting of exactly M elements of type T, and presumed to be a column-vector unless otherwise noted
+    template<class T> struct vec<T,1>
+    {
+        T                           x;
+        constexpr                   vec()                               : x() {}
+        constexpr                   vec(const T & x_)                   : x(x_) {}
+        // NOTE: vec<T,1> does NOT have a constructor from pointer, this can conflict with initializing its single element from zero
+        template<class U>
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const vec<U,1> & v)             : vec(static_cast<T>(v.x)) {}
+        constexpr const T &         operator[] (int i) const            { return x; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 T &      operator[] (int i)                  { return x; }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<vec,U>> constexpr vec(const U & u) : vec(converter<vec,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,vec>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,vec>{}(*this); }
+    };
+    template<class T> struct vec<T,2>
+    {
+        T                           x,y;
+        constexpr                   vec()                               : x(), y() {}
+        constexpr                   vec(const T & x_, const T & y_)     : x(x_), y(y_) {}
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const T & s)                    : vec(s, s) {}
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const T * p)                    : vec(p[0], p[1]) {}
+        template<class U>
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const vec<U,2> & v)             : vec(static_cast<T>(v.x), static_cast<T>(v.y)) {}
+        constexpr const T &         operator[] (int i) const            { return i==0?x:y; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 T &      operator[] (int i)                  { return i==0?x:y; }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<vec,U>> constexpr vec(const U & u) : vec(converter<vec,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,vec>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,vec>{}(*this); }
+    };
+    template<class T> struct vec<T,3>
+    {
+        T                           x,y,z;
+        constexpr                   vec()                               : x(), y(), z() {}
+        constexpr                   vec(const T & x_, const T & y_, 
+                                        const T & z_)                   : x(x_), y(y_), z(z_) {}
+        constexpr                   vec(const vec<T,2> & xy,
+                                        const T & z_)                   : vec(xy.x, xy.y, z_) {}
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const T & s)                    : vec(s, s, s) {}
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const T * p)                    : vec(p[0], p[1], p[2]) {}
+        template<class U>
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const vec<U,3> & v)             : vec(static_cast<T>(v.x), static_cast<T>(v.y), static_cast<T>(v.z)) {}
+        constexpr const T &         operator[] (int i) const            { return i==0?x:i==1?y:z; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 T &      operator[] (int i)                  { return i==0?x:i==1?y:z; }
+        constexpr const vec<T,2> &  xy() const                          { return *reinterpret_cast<const vec<T,2> *>(this); }
+        vec<T,2> &                  xy()                                { return *reinterpret_cast<vec<T,2> *>(this); }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<vec,U>> constexpr vec(const U & u) : vec(converter<vec,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,vec>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,vec>{}(*this); }
+    };
+    template<class T> struct vec<T,4>
+    {
+        T                           x,y,z,w;
+        constexpr                   vec()                               : x(), y(), z(), w() {}
+        constexpr                   vec(const T & x_, const T & y_,
+                                        const T & z_, const T & w_)     : x(x_), y(y_), z(z_), w(w_) {}
+        constexpr                   vec(const vec<T,2> & xy, 
+                                        const T & z_, const T & w_)     : vec(xy.x, xy.y, z_, w_) {}
+        constexpr                   vec(const vec<T,3> & xyz,
+                                        const T & w_)                   : vec(xyz.x, xyz.y, xyz.z, w_) {}
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const T & s)                    : vec(s, s, s, s) {}
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const T * p)                    : vec(p[0], p[1], p[2], p[3]) {}
+        template<class U> 
+        constexpr explicit          vec(const vec<U,4> & v)             : vec(static_cast<T>(v.x), static_cast<T>(v.y), static_cast<T>(v.z), static_cast<T>(v.w)) {}
+        constexpr const T &         operator[] (int i) const            { return i==0?x:i==1?y:i==2?z:w; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 T &      operator[] (int i)                  { return i==0?x:i==1?y:i==2?z:w; }
+        constexpr const vec<T,2> &  xy() const                          { return *reinterpret_cast<const vec<T,2> *>(this); }
+        constexpr const vec<T,3> &  xyz() const                         { return *reinterpret_cast<const vec<T,3> *>(this); }
+        vec<T,2> &                  xy()                                { return *reinterpret_cast<vec<T,2> *>(this); }                
+        vec<T,3> &                  xyz()                               { return *reinterpret_cast<vec<T,3> *>(this); }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<vec,U>> constexpr vec(const U & u) : vec(converter<vec,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,vec>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,vec>{}(*this); }
+    };
+
+    // Small, fixed-size matrix type, consisting of exactly M rows and N columns of type T, stored in column-major order.
+    template<class T, int M> struct mat<T,M,1>
+    {
+        typedef vec<T,M>            V;
+        V                           x;
+        constexpr                   mat()                               : x() {}
+        constexpr                   mat(const V & x_)                   : x(x_) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T & s)                    : x(s) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T * p)                    : x(p+M*0) {}
+        template<class U> 
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const mat<U,M,1> & m)           : mat(V(m.x)) {}
+        constexpr vec<T,1>          row(int i) const                    { return {x[i]}; }
+        constexpr const V &         operator[] (int j) const            { return x; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 V &      operator[] (int j)                  { return x; }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<mat,U>> constexpr mat(const U & u) : mat(converter<mat,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,mat>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,mat>{}(*this); }
+    };
+    template<class T, int M> struct mat<T,M,2>
+    {
+        typedef vec<T,M>            V;
+        V                           x,y;
+        constexpr                   mat()                               : x(), y() {}
+        constexpr                   mat(const V & x_, const V & y_)     : x(x_), y(y_) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T & s)                    : x(s), y(s) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T * p)                    : x(p+M*0), y(p+M*1) {}
+        template<class U> 
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const mat<U,M,2> & m)           : mat(V(m.x), V(m.y)) {}
+        constexpr vec<T,2>          row(int i) const                    { return {x[i], y[i]}; }
+        constexpr const V &         operator[] (int j) const            { return j==0?x:y; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 V &      operator[] (int j)                  { return j==0?x:y; }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<mat,U>> constexpr mat(const U & u) : mat(converter<mat,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,mat>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,mat>{}(*this); }
+    };
+    template<class T, int M> struct mat<T,M,3>
+    {
+        typedef vec<T,M>            V;
+        V                           x,y,z;
+        constexpr                   mat()                               : x(), y(), z() {}
+        constexpr                   mat(const V & x_, const V & y_, 
+                                        const V & z_)                   : x(x_), y(y_), z(z_) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T & s)                    : x(s), y(s), z(s) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T * p)                    : x(p+M*0), y(p+M*1), z(p+M*2) {}
+        template<class U> 
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const mat<U,M,3> & m)           : mat(V(m.x), V(m.y), V(m.z)) {}
+        constexpr vec<T,3>          row(int i) const                    { return {x[i], y[i], z[i]}; }
+        constexpr const V &         operator[] (int j) const            { return j==0?x:j==1?y:z; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 V &      operator[] (int j)                  { return j==0?x:j==1?y:z; }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<mat,U>> constexpr mat(const U & u) : mat(converter<mat,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,mat>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,mat>{}(*this); }
+    };
+    template<class T, int M> struct mat<T,M,4>
+    {
+        typedef vec<T,M>            V;
+        V                           x,y,z,w;
+        constexpr                   mat()                               : x(), y(), z(), w() {}
+        constexpr                   mat(const V & x_, const V & y_,
+                                        const V & z_, const V & w_)     : x(x_), y(y_), z(z_), w(w_) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T & s)                    : x(s), y(s), z(s), w(s) {}
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const T * p)                    : x(p+M*0), y(p+M*1), z(p+M*2), w(p+M*3) {}
+        template<class U> 
+        constexpr explicit          mat(const mat<U,M,4> & m)           : mat(V(m.x), V(m.y), V(m.z), V(m.w)) {}
+        constexpr vec<T,4>          row(int i) const                    { return {x[i], y[i], z[i], w[i]}; }
+        constexpr const V &         operator[] (int j) const            { return j==0?x:j==1?y:j==2?z:w; }
+        LINALG_CONSTEXPR14 V &      operator[] (int j)                  { return j==0?x:j==1?y:j==2?z:w; }
+
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<mat,U>> constexpr mat(const U & u) : mat(converter<mat,U>{}(u)) {}
+        template<class U, class=detail::conv_t<U,mat>> constexpr operator U () const { return converter<U,mat>{}(*this); }
+    };
+
+    // Define a type which will convert to the multiplicative identity of any square matrix
+    struct identity_t { constexpr explicit identity_t(int) {} };
+    template<class T> struct converter<mat<T,1,1>, identity_t> { constexpr mat<T,1,1> operator() (identity_t) const { return {vec<T,1>{1}}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<mat<T,2,2>, identity_t> { constexpr mat<T,2,2> operator() (identity_t) const { return {{1,0},{0,1}}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<mat<T,3,3>, identity_t> { constexpr mat<T,3,3> operator() (identity_t) const { return {{1,0,0},{0,1,0},{0,0,1}}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<mat<T,4,4>, identity_t> { constexpr mat<T,4,4> operator() (identity_t) const { return {{1,0,0,0},{0,1,0,0},{0,0,1,0},{0,0,0,1}}; } };
+    constexpr identity_t identity {1};
+
+    // Produce a scalar by applying f(A,B) -> A to adjacent pairs of elements from a vec/mat in left-to-right/column-major order (matching the associativity of arithmetic and logical operators)
+    template<class F, class A, class B> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const vec<B,1> & b) { return f(a, b.x); }
+    template<class F, class A, class B> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const vec<B,2> & b) { return f(f(a, b.x), b.y); }
+    template<class F, class A, class B> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const vec<B,3> & b) { return f(f(f(a, b.x), b.y), b.z); }
+    template<class F, class A, class B> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const vec<B,4> & b) { return f(f(f(f(a, b.x), b.y), b.z), b.w); }
+    template<class F, class A, class B, int M> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const mat<B,M,1> & b) { return fold(f, a, b.x); }
+    template<class F, class A, class B, int M> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const mat<B,M,2> & b) { return fold(f, fold(f, a, b.x), b.y); }
+    template<class F, class A, class B, int M> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const mat<B,M,3> & b) { return fold(f, fold(f, fold(f, a, b.x), b.y), b.z); }
+    template<class F, class A, class B, int M> constexpr A fold(F f, A a, const mat<B,M,4> & b) { return fold(f, fold(f, fold(f, fold(f, a, b.x), b.y), b.z), b.w); }
+
+    // Type aliases for the result of calling apply(...) with various arguments, can be used with return type SFINAE to constrian overload sets
+    template<class F, class... A> using apply_t = typename detail::apply<F,void,A...>::type;
+    template<class F, class... A> using mm_apply_t = typename std::enable_if<detail::apply<F,void,A...>::mm, apply_t<F,A...>>::type;
+    template<class F, class... A> using no_mm_apply_t = typename std::enable_if<!detail::apply<F,void,A...>::mm, apply_t<F,A...>>::type;
+    template<class A> using scalar_t = typename detail::scalar_type<A>::type; // Underlying scalar type when performing elementwise operations
+
+    // apply(f,...) applies the provided function in an elementwise fashion to its arguments, producing an object of the same dimensions
+    template<class F, class... A> constexpr apply_t<F,A...> apply(F func, const A & ... args) { return detail::apply<F,void,A...>::impl(detail::make_seq<0,detail::apply<F,void,A...>::size>{}, func, args...); }
+
+    // map(a,f) is equivalent to apply(f,a)
+    template<class A, class F> constexpr apply_t<F,A> map(const A & a, F func) { return apply(func, a); }
+
+    // zip(a,b,f) is equivalent to apply(f,a,b)
+    template<class A, class B, class F> constexpr apply_t<F,A,B> zip(const A & a, const B & b, F func) { return apply(func, a, b); }
+
+    // Relational operators are defined to compare the elements of two vectors or matrices lexicographically, in column-major order
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr typename detail::any_compare<A,B>::type compare(const A & a, const B & b) { return detail::any_compare<A,B>()(a,b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator == (const A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(compare(a,b) == 0) { return compare(a,b) == 0; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator != (const A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(compare(a,b) != 0) { return compare(a,b) != 0; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator <  (const A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(compare(a,b) <  0) { return compare(a,b) <  0; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator >  (const A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(compare(a,b) >  0) { return compare(a,b) >  0; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator <= (const A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(compare(a,b) <= 0) { return compare(a,b) <= 0; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator >= (const A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(compare(a,b) >= 0) { return compare(a,b) >= 0; }
+
+    // Functions for coalescing scalar values
+    template<class A> constexpr bool any (const A & a) { return fold(detail::op_or{}, false, a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr bool all (const A & a) { return fold(detail::op_and{}, true, a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr scalar_t<A> sum    (const A & a) { return fold(detail::op_add{}, scalar_t<A>(0), a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr scalar_t<A> product(const A & a) { return fold(detail::op_mul{}, scalar_t<A>(1), a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr scalar_t<A> minelem(const A & a) { return fold(detail::min{}, a.x, a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr scalar_t<A> maxelem(const A & a) { return fold(detail::max{}, a.x, a); }
+    template<class T, int M> int argmin(const vec<T,M> & a) { int j=0; for(int i=1; i<M; ++i) if(a[i] < a[j]) j = i; return j; }
+    template<class T, int M> int argmax(const vec<T,M> & a) { int j=0; for(int i=1; i<M; ++i) if(a[i] > a[j]) j = i; return j; }
+
+    // Unary operators are defined component-wise for linalg types
+    template<class A> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_pos, A> operator + (const A & a) { return apply(detail::op_pos{}, a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_neg, A> operator - (const A & a) { return apply(detail::op_neg{}, a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_cmp, A> operator ~ (const A & a) { return apply(detail::op_cmp{}, a); }
+    template<class A> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_not, A> operator ! (const A & a) { return apply(detail::op_not{}, a); }
+
+    // Binary operators are defined component-wise for linalg types, EXCEPT for `operator *`
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_add, A, B> operator +  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_add{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_sub, A, B> operator -  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_sub{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_mul, A, B> cmul        (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_mul{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_div, A, B> operator /  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_div{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_mod, A, B> operator %  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_mod{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_un,  A, B> operator |  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_un{},  a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_xor, A, B> operator ^  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_xor{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_int, A, B> operator &  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_int{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_lsh, A, B> operator << (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_lsh{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_rsh, A, B> operator >> (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_rsh{}, a, b); }
+
+    // Binary `operator *` was originally defined component-wise for all patterns, in a fashion consistent with the other operators. However,
+    // this was one of the most frequent sources of confusion among new users of this library, with the binary `operator *` being used accidentally
+    // by users who INTENDED the semantics of the algebraic matrix product, but RECEIVED the semantics of the Hadamard product. While there is
+    // precedent within the HLSL, Fortran, R, APL, J, and Mathematica programming languages for `operator *` having the semantics of the Hadamard
+    // product between matrices, it is counterintuitive to users of GLSL, Eigen, and many other languages and libraries that chose matrix product
+    // semantics for `operator *`.
+    //
+    // For these reasons, binary `operator *` is now DEPRECATED between pairs of matrices. Users may call `cmul(...)` for component-wise multiplication,
+    // or `mul(...)` for matrix multiplication. Binary `operator *` continues to be available for vector * vector, vector * scalar, matrix * scalar, etc.
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr no_mm_apply_t<detail::op_mul, A, B> operator * (const A & a, const B & b) { return cmul(a,b); }
+    #ifndef LINALG_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE
+    template<class A, class B> [[deprecated("`operator *` between pairs of matrices is deprecated. See the source text for details.")]] constexpr mm_apply_t<detail::op_mul, A, B> operator * (const A & a, const B & b) { return cmul(a,b); }
+    #endif
+
+    // Binary assignment operators a $= b is always defined as though it were explicitly written a = a $ b
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator +=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a + b) { return a = a + b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator -=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a - b) { return a = a - b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator *=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a * b) { return a = a * b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator /=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a / b) { return a = a / b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator %=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a % b) { return a = a % b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator |=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a | b) { return a = a | b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator ^=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a ^ b) { return a = a ^ b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator &=  (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a & b) { return a = a & b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator <<= (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a << b) { return a = a << b; }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr auto operator >>= (A & a, const B & b) -> decltype(a = a >> b) { return a = a >> b; }
+
+    // Swizzles and subobjects
+    template<int... I, class T, int M>                              constexpr vec<T,sizeof...(I)>   swizzle(const vec<T,M> & a)   { return {detail::getter<I>{}(a)...}; }
+    template<int I0, int I1, class T, int M>                        constexpr vec<T,I1-I0>          subvec (const vec<T,M> & a)   { return detail::swizzle(a, detail::make_seq<I0,I1>{}); }
+    template<int I0, int J0, int I1, int J1, class T, int M, int N> constexpr mat<T,I1-I0,J1-J0>    submat (const mat<T,M,N> & a) { return detail::swizzle(a, detail::make_seq<I0,I1>{}, detail::make_seq<J0,J1>{}); }
+
+    // Component-wise standard library math functions
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_abs,   A> abs  (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_abs{},   a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_floor, A> floor(const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_floor{}, a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_ceil,  A> ceil (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_ceil{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_exp,   A> exp  (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_exp{},   a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_log,   A> log  (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_log{},   a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_log10, A> log10(const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_log10{}, a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_sqrt,  A> sqrt (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_sqrt{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_sin,   A> sin  (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_sin{},   a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_cos,   A> cos  (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_cos{},   a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_tan,   A> tan  (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_tan{},   a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_asin,  A> asin (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_asin{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_acos,  A> acos (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_acos{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_atan,  A> atan (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_atan{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_sinh,  A> sinh (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_sinh{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_cosh,  A> cosh (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_cosh{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_tanh,  A> tanh (const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_tanh{},  a); }
+    template<class A> apply_t<detail::std_round, A> round(const A & a) { return apply(detail::std_round{}, a); }
+
+    template<class A, class B> apply_t<detail::std_fmod,     A, B> fmod    (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::std_fmod{},     a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> apply_t<detail::std_pow,      A, B> pow     (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::std_pow{},      a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> apply_t<detail::std_atan2,    A, B> atan2   (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::std_atan2{},    a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> apply_t<detail::std_copysign, A, B> copysign(const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::std_copysign{}, a, b); }
+
+    // Component-wise relational functions on vectors
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_eq, A, B> equal  (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_eq{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_ne, A, B> nequal (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_ne{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_lt, A, B> less   (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_lt{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_gt, A, B> greater(const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_gt{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_le, A, B> lequal (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_le{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::op_ge, A, B> gequal (const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::op_ge{}, a, b); }
+
+    // Component-wise selection functions on vectors
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::min, A, B> min(const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::min{}, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::max, A, B> max(const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::max{}, a, b); }
+    template<class X, class L, class H> constexpr apply_t<detail::clamp,  X, L, H> clamp (const X & x, const L & l, const H & h) { return apply(detail::clamp{},  x, l, h); }
+    template<class P, class A, class B> constexpr apply_t<detail::select, P, A, B> select(const P & p, const A & a, const B & b) { return apply(detail::select{}, p, a, b); }
+    template<class A, class B, class T> constexpr apply_t<detail::lerp,   A, B, T> lerp  (const A & a, const B & b, const T & t) { return apply(detail::lerp{},   a, b, t); }
+
+    // Support for vector algebra
+    template<class T> constexpr T        cross    (const vec<T,2> & a, const vec<T,2> & b)      { return a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,2> cross    (T a, const vec<T,2> & b)                     { return {-a*b.y, a*b.x}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,2> cross    (const vec<T,2> & a, T b)                     { return {a.y*b, -a.x*b}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,3> cross    (const vec<T,3> & a, const vec<T,3> & b)      { return {a.y*b.z-a.z*b.y, a.z*b.x-a.x*b.z, a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr T dot      (const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,M> & b)      { return sum(a*b); }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr T length2  (const vec<T,M> & a)                          { return dot(a,a); }
+    template<class T, int M> T           length   (const vec<T,M> & a)                          { return std::sqrt(length2(a)); }
+    template<class T, int M> vec<T,M>    normalize(const vec<T,M> & a)                          { return a / length(a); }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr T distance2(const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,M> & b)      { return length2(b-a); }
+    template<class T, int M> T           distance (const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,M> & b)      { return length(b-a); }
+    template<class T, int M> T           uangle   (const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,M> & b)      { T d=dot(a,b); return d > 1 ? 0 : std::acos(d < -1 ? -1 : d); }
+    template<class T, int M> T           angle    (const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,M> & b)      { return uangle(normalize(a), normalize(b)); }
+    template<class T> vec<T,2>           rot      (T a, const vec<T,2> & v)                     { const T s = std::sin(a), c = std::cos(a); return {v.x*c - v.y*s, v.x*s + v.y*c}; }
+    template<class T, int M> vec<T,M>    nlerp    (const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,M> & b, T t) { return normalize(lerp(a,b,t)); }
+    template<class T, int M> vec<T,M>    slerp    (const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,M> & b, T t) { T th=uangle(a,b); return th == 0 ? a : a*(std::sin(th*(1-t))/std::sin(th)) + b*(std::sin(th*t)/std::sin(th)); }
+
+    // Support for quaternion algebra using 4D vectors, representing xi + yj + zk + w
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,4> qconj(const vec<T,4> & q)                     { return {-q.x,-q.y,-q.z,q.w}; }
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>           qinv (const vec<T,4> & q)                     { return qconj(q)/length2(q); }
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>           qexp (const vec<T,4> & q)                     { const auto v = q.xyz(); const auto vv = length(v); return std::exp(q.w) * vec<T,4>{v * (vv > 0 ? std::sin(vv)/vv : 0), std::cos(vv)}; }
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>           qlog (const vec<T,4> & q)                     { const auto v = q.xyz(); const auto vv = length(v), qq = length(q); return {v * (vv > 0 ? std::acos(q.w/qq)/vv : 0), std::log(qq)}; }
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>           qpow (const vec<T,4> & q, const T & p)        { const auto v = q.xyz(); const auto vv = length(v), qq = length(q), th = std::acos(q.w/qq); return std::pow(qq,p)*vec<T,4>{v * (vv > 0 ? std::sin(p*th)/vv : 0), std::cos(p*th)}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,4> qmul (const vec<T,4> & a, const vec<T,4> & b) { return {a.x*b.w+a.w*b.x+a.y*b.z-a.z*b.y, a.y*b.w+a.w*b.y+a.z*b.x-a.x*b.z, a.z*b.w+a.w*b.z+a.x*b.y-a.y*b.x, a.w*b.w-a.x*b.x-a.y*b.y-a.z*b.z}; }
+    template<class T, class... R> constexpr vec<T,4> qmul(const vec<T,4> & a, R... r)  { return qmul(a, qmul(r...)); }
+
+    // Support for 3D spatial rotations using quaternions, via qmul(qmul(q, v), qconj(q))
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,3>   qxdir (const vec<T,4> & q)                          { return {q.w*q.w+q.x*q.x-q.y*q.y-q.z*q.z, (q.x*q.y+q.z*q.w)*2, (q.z*q.x-q.y*q.w)*2}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,3>   qydir (const vec<T,4> & q)                          { return {(q.x*q.y-q.z*q.w)*2, q.w*q.w-q.x*q.x+q.y*q.y-q.z*q.z, (q.y*q.z+q.x*q.w)*2}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,3>   qzdir (const vec<T,4> & q)                          { return {(q.z*q.x+q.y*q.w)*2, (q.y*q.z-q.x*q.w)*2, q.w*q.w-q.x*q.x-q.y*q.y+q.z*q.z}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr mat<T,3,3> qmat  (const vec<T,4> & q)                          { return {qxdir(q), qydir(q), qzdir(q)}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,3>   qrot  (const vec<T,4> & q, const vec<T,3> & v)      { return qxdir(q)*v.x + qydir(q)*v.y + qzdir(q)*v.z; }
+    template<class T> T                    qangle(const vec<T,4> & q)                          { return std::atan2(length(q.xyz()), q.w)*2; }
+    template<class T> vec<T,3>             qaxis (const vec<T,4> & q)                          { return normalize(q.xyz()); }
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>             qnlerp(const vec<T,4> & a, const vec<T,4> & b, T t) { return nlerp(a, dot(a,b) < 0 ? -b : b, t); }
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>             qslerp(const vec<T,4> & a, const vec<T,4> & b, T t) { return slerp(a, dot(a,b) < 0 ? -b : b, t); }
+
+    // Support for matrix algebra
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr vec<T,M> mul(const mat<T,M,1> & a, const vec<T,1> & b) { return a.x*b.x; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr vec<T,M> mul(const mat<T,M,2> & a, const vec<T,2> & b) { return a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr vec<T,M> mul(const mat<T,M,3> & a, const vec<T,3> & b) { return a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y + a.z*b.z; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr vec<T,M> mul(const mat<T,M,4> & a, const vec<T,4> & b) { return a.x*b.x + a.y*b.y + a.z*b.z + a.w*b.w; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N> constexpr mat<T,M,1> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,1> & b) { return {mul(a,b.x)}; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N> constexpr mat<T,M,2> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,2> & b) { return {mul(a,b.x), mul(a,b.y)}; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N> constexpr mat<T,M,3> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,3> & b) { return {mul(a,b.x), mul(a,b.y), mul(a,b.z)}; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N> constexpr mat<T,M,4> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,4> & b) { return {mul(a,b.x), mul(a,b.y), mul(a,b.z), mul(a,b.w)}; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N, int P> constexpr vec<T,M> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,P> & b, const vec<T,P> & c) { return mul(mul(a,b),c); }
+    template<class T, int M, int N, int P, int Q> constexpr mat<T,M,Q> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,P> & b, const mat<T,P,Q> & c) { return mul(mul(a,b),c); }
+    template<class T, int M, int N, int P, int Q> constexpr vec<T,M> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,P> & b, const mat<T,P,Q> & c, const vec<T,Q> & d) { return mul(mul(a,b,c),d); }
+    template<class T, int M, int N, int P, int Q, int R> constexpr mat<T,M,R> mul(const mat<T,M,N> & a, const mat<T,N,P> & b, const mat<T,P,Q> & c, const mat<T,Q,R> & d) { return mul(mul(a,b,c),d); }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,1> outerprod(const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,1> & b) { return {a*b.x}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,2> outerprod(const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,2> & b) { return {a*b.x, a*b.y}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,3> outerprod(const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,3> & b) { return {a*b.x, a*b.y, a*b.z}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,4> outerprod(const vec<T,M> & a, const vec<T,4> & b) { return {a*b.x, a*b.y, a*b.z, a*b.w}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,1> diagonal(const mat<T,1,1> & a) { return {a.x.x}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,2> diagonal(const mat<T,2,2> & a) { return {a.x.x, a.y.y}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,3> diagonal(const mat<T,3,3> & a) { return {a.x.x, a.y.y, a.z.z}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr vec<T,4> diagonal(const mat<T,4,4> & a) { return {a.x.x, a.y.y, a.z.z, a.w.w}; }
+    template<class T, int N> constexpr T trace(const mat<T,N,N> & a) { return sum(diagonal(a)); }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,1> transpose(const mat<T,1,M> & m) { return {m.row(0)}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,2> transpose(const mat<T,2,M> & m) { return {m.row(0), m.row(1)}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,3> transpose(const mat<T,3,M> & m) { return {m.row(0), m.row(1), m.row(2)}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,M,4> transpose(const mat<T,4,M> & m) { return {m.row(0), m.row(1), m.row(2), m.row(3)}; }
+    template<class T, int M> constexpr mat<T,1,M> transpose(const vec<T,M> & m) { return transpose(mat<T,M,1>(m)); }
+    template<class T> constexpr mat<T,1,1> adjugate(const mat<T,1,1> & a) { return {vec<T,1>{1}}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr mat<T,2,2> adjugate(const mat<T,2,2> & a) { return {{a.y.y, -a.x.y}, {-a.y.x, a.x.x}}; }
+    template<class T> constexpr mat<T,3,3> adjugate(const mat<T,3,3> & a);
+    template<class T> constexpr mat<T,4,4> adjugate(const mat<T,4,4> & a);
+    template<class T, int N> constexpr mat<T,N,N> comatrix(const mat<T,N,N> & a) { return transpose(adjugate(a)); }
+    template<class T> constexpr T determinant(const mat<T,1,1> & a) { return a.x.x; }
+    template<class T> constexpr T determinant(const mat<T,2,2> & a) { return a.x.x*a.y.y - a.x.y*a.y.x; }
+    template<class T> constexpr T determinant(const mat<T,3,3> & a) { return a.x.x*(a.y.y*a.z.z - a.z.y*a.y.z) + a.x.y*(a.y.z*a.z.x - a.z.z*a.y.x) + a.x.z*(a.y.x*a.z.y - a.z.x*a.y.y); }
+    template<class T> constexpr T determinant(const mat<T,4,4> & a);
+    template<class T, int N> constexpr mat<T,N,N> inverse(const mat<T,N,N> & a) { return adjugate(a)/determinant(a); }
+
+    // Vectors and matrices can be used as ranges
+    template<class T, int M>       T * begin(      vec<T,M> & a) { return &a.x; }
+    template<class T, int M> const T * begin(const vec<T,M> & a) { return &a.x; }
+    template<class T, int M>       T * end  (      vec<T,M> & a) { return begin(a) + M; }
+    template<class T, int M> const T * end  (const vec<T,M> & a) { return begin(a) + M; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N>       vec<T,M> * begin(      mat<T,M,N> & a) { return &a.x; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N> const vec<T,M> * begin(const mat<T,M,N> & a) { return &a.x; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N>       vec<T,M> * end  (      mat<T,M,N> & a) { return begin(a) + N; }
+    template<class T, int M, int N> const vec<T,M> * end  (const mat<T,M,N> & a) { return begin(a) + N; }
+
+    // Factory functions for 3D spatial transformations (will possibly be removed or changed in a future version)
+    enum fwd_axis { neg_z, pos_z };                 // Should projection matrices be generated assuming forward is {0,0,-1} or {0,0,1}
+    enum z_range { neg_one_to_one, zero_to_one };   // Should projection matrices map z into the range of [-1,1] or [0,1]?
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>   rotation_quat     (const vec<T,3> & axis, T angle)         { return {axis*std::sin(angle/2), std::cos(angle/2)}; }
+    template<class T> vec<T,4>   rotation_quat     (const mat<T,3,3> & m);
+    template<class T> mat<T,4,4> translation_matrix(const vec<T,3> & translation)           { return {{1,0,0,0},{0,1,0,0},{0,0,1,0},{translation,1}}; }
+    template<class T> mat<T,4,4> rotation_matrix   (const vec<T,4> & rotation)              { return {{qxdir(rotation),0}, {qydir(rotation),0}, {qzdir(rotation),0}, {0,0,0,1}}; }
+    template<class T> mat<T,4,4> scaling_matrix    (const vec<T,3> & scaling)               { return {{scaling.x,0,0,0}, {0,scaling.y,0,0}, {0,0,scaling.z,0}, {0,0,0,1}}; }
+    template<class T> mat<T,4,4> pose_matrix       (const vec<T,4> & q, const vec<T,3> & p) { return {{qxdir(q),0}, {qydir(q),0}, {qzdir(q),0}, {p,1}}; }
+    template<class T> mat<T,4,4> lookat_matrix     (const vec<T,3> & eye, const vec<T,3> & center, const vec<T,3> & view_y_dir, fwd_axis fwd = neg_z);
+    template<class T> mat<T,4,4> frustum_matrix    (T x0, T x1, T y0, T y1, T n, T f, fwd_axis a = neg_z, z_range z = neg_one_to_one);
+    template<class T> mat<T,4,4> perspective_matrix(T fovy, T aspect, T n, T f, fwd_axis a = neg_z, z_range z = neg_one_to_one) { T y = n*std::tan(fovy / 2), x = y*aspect; return frustum_matrix(-x, x, -y, y, n, f, a, z); }
+
+    // Provide implicit conversion between linalg::vec<T,M> and std::array<T,M>
+    template<class T> struct converter<vec<T,1>, std::array<T,1>> { vec<T,1> operator() (const std::array<T,1> & a) const { return {a[0]}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<vec<T,2>, std::array<T,2>> { vec<T,2> operator() (const std::array<T,2> & a) const { return {a[0], a[1]}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<vec<T,3>, std::array<T,3>> { vec<T,3> operator() (const std::array<T,3> & a) const { return {a[0], a[1], a[2]}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<vec<T,4>, std::array<T,4>> { vec<T,4> operator() (const std::array<T,4> & a) const { return {a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]}; } };
+
+    template<class T> struct converter<std::array<T,1>, vec<T,1>> { std::array<T,1> operator() (const vec<T,1> & a) const { return {a[0]}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<std::array<T,2>, vec<T,2>> { std::array<T,2> operator() (const vec<T,2> & a) const { return {a[0], a[1]}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<std::array<T,3>, vec<T,3>> { std::array<T,3> operator() (const vec<T,3> & a) const { return {a[0], a[1], a[2]}; } };
+    template<class T> struct converter<std::array<T,4>, vec<T,4>> { std::array<T,4> operator() (const vec<T,4> & a) const { return {a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3]}; } };
+
+    // Provide typedefs for common element types and vector/matrix sizes
+    namespace aliases
+    {
+        typedef vec<bool,1> bool1; typedef vec<uint8_t,1> byte1; typedef vec<int16_t,1> short1; typedef vec<uint16_t,1> ushort1;
+        typedef vec<bool,2> bool2; typedef vec<uint8_t,2> byte2; typedef vec<int16_t,2> short2; typedef vec<uint16_t,2> ushort2; 
+        typedef vec<bool,3> bool3; typedef vec<uint8_t,3> byte3; typedef vec<int16_t,3> short3; typedef vec<uint16_t,3> ushort3; 
+        typedef vec<bool,4> bool4; typedef vec<uint8_t,4> byte4; typedef vec<int16_t,4> short4; typedef vec<uint16_t,4> ushort4;
+        typedef vec<int,1> int1; typedef vec<unsigned,1> uint1; typedef vec<float,1> float1; typedef vec<double,1> double1;
+        typedef vec<int,2> int2; typedef vec<unsigned,2> uint2; typedef vec<float,2> float2; typedef vec<double,2> double2;
+        typedef vec<int,3> int3; typedef vec<unsigned,3> uint3; typedef vec<float,3> float3; typedef vec<double,3> double3;
+        typedef vec<int,4> int4; typedef vec<unsigned,4> uint4; typedef vec<float,4> float4; typedef vec<double,4> double4;
+        typedef mat<bool,1,1> bool1x1; typedef mat<int,1,1> int1x1; typedef mat<float,1,1> float1x1; typedef mat<double,1,1> double1x1;
+        typedef mat<bool,1,2> bool1x2; typedef mat<int,1,2> int1x2; typedef mat<float,1,2> float1x2; typedef mat<double,1,2> double1x2;
+        typedef mat<bool,1,3> bool1x3; typedef mat<int,1,3> int1x3; typedef mat<float,1,3> float1x3; typedef mat<double,1,3> double1x3;
+        typedef mat<bool,1,4> bool1x4; typedef mat<int,1,4> int1x4; typedef mat<float,1,4> float1x4; typedef mat<double,1,4> double1x4;
+        typedef mat<bool,2,1> bool2x1; typedef mat<int,2,1> int2x1; typedef mat<float,2,1> float2x1; typedef mat<double,2,1> double2x1;
+        typedef mat<bool,2,2> bool2x2; typedef mat<int,2,2> int2x2; typedef mat<float,2,2> float2x2; typedef mat<double,2,2> double2x2;
+        typedef mat<bool,2,3> bool2x3; typedef mat<int,2,3> int2x3; typedef mat<float,2,3> float2x3; typedef mat<double,2,3> double2x3;
+        typedef mat<bool,2,4> bool2x4; typedef mat<int,2,4> int2x4; typedef mat<float,2,4> float2x4; typedef mat<double,2,4> double2x4;
+        typedef mat<bool,3,1> bool3x1; typedef mat<int,3,1> int3x1; typedef mat<float,3,1> float3x1; typedef mat<double,3,1> double3x1;
+        typedef mat<bool,3,2> bool3x2; typedef mat<int,3,2> int3x2; typedef mat<float,3,2> float3x2; typedef mat<double,3,2> double3x2;
+        typedef mat<bool,3,3> bool3x3; typedef mat<int,3,3> int3x3; typedef mat<float,3,3> float3x3; typedef mat<double,3,3> double3x3;
+        typedef mat<bool,3,4> bool3x4; typedef mat<int,3,4> int3x4; typedef mat<float,3,4> float3x4; typedef mat<double,3,4> double3x4;
+        typedef mat<bool,4,1> bool4x1; typedef mat<int,4,1> int4x1; typedef mat<float,4,1> float4x1; typedef mat<double,4,1> double4x1;
+        typedef mat<bool,4,2> bool4x2; typedef mat<int,4,2> int4x2; typedef mat<float,4,2> float4x2; typedef mat<double,4,2> double4x2;
+        typedef mat<bool,4,3> bool4x3; typedef mat<int,4,3> int4x3; typedef mat<float,4,3> float4x3; typedef mat<double,4,3> double4x3;
+        typedef mat<bool,4,4> bool4x4; typedef mat<int,4,4> int4x4; typedef mat<float,4,4> float4x4; typedef mat<double,4,4> double4x4;
+    }
+
+    // Provide output streaming operators, writing something that resembles an aggregate literal that could be used to construct the specified value
+    namespace ostream_overloads
+    {
+        template<class C, class T> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const vec<T,1> & v) { return out << '{' << v[0] << '}'; }
+        template<class C, class T> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const vec<T,2> & v) { return out << '{' << v[0] << ',' << v[1] << '}'; }
+        template<class C, class T> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const vec<T,3> & v) { return out << '{' << v[0] << ',' << v[1] << ',' << v[2] << '}'; }
+        template<class C, class T> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const vec<T,4> & v) { return out << '{' << v[0] << ',' << v[1] << ',' << v[2] << ',' << v[3] << '}'; }
+
+        template<class C, class T, int M> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const mat<T,M,1> & m) { return out << '{' << m[0] << '}'; }
+        template<class C, class T, int M> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const mat<T,M,2> & m) { return out << '{' << m[0] << ',' << m[1] << '}'; }
+        template<class C, class T, int M> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const mat<T,M,3> & m) { return out << '{' << m[0] << ',' << m[1] << ',' << m[2] << '}'; }
+        template<class C, class T, int M> std::basic_ostream<C> & operator << (std::basic_ostream<C> & out, const mat<T,M,4> & m) { return out << '{' << m[0] << ',' << m[1] << ',' << m[2] << ',' << m[3] << '}'; }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace std 
+{
+    // Provide specializations for std::hash<...> with linalg types
+    template<class T> struct hash<linalg::vec<T,1>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::vec<T,1> & v) const { std::hash<T> h; return h(v.x); } };
+    template<class T> struct hash<linalg::vec<T,2>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::vec<T,2> & v) const { std::hash<T> h; return h(v.x) ^ (h(v.y) << 1); } };
+    template<class T> struct hash<linalg::vec<T,3>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::vec<T,3> & v) const { std::hash<T> h; return h(v.x) ^ (h(v.y) << 1) ^ (h(v.z) << 2); } };
+    template<class T> struct hash<linalg::vec<T,4>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::vec<T,4> & v) const { std::hash<T> h; return h(v.x) ^ (h(v.y) << 1) ^ (h(v.z) << 2) ^ (h(v.w) << 3); } };
+
+    template<class T, int M> struct hash<linalg::mat<T,M,1>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::mat<T,M,1> & v) const { std::hash<linalg::vec<T,M>> h; return h(v.x); } };
+    template<class T, int M> struct hash<linalg::mat<T,M,2>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::mat<T,M,2> & v) const { std::hash<linalg::vec<T,M>> h; return h(v.x) ^ (h(v.y) << M); } };
+    template<class T, int M> struct hash<linalg::mat<T,M,3>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::mat<T,M,3> & v) const { std::hash<linalg::vec<T,M>> h; return h(v.x) ^ (h(v.y) << M) ^ (h(v.z) << (M*2)); } };
+    template<class T, int M> struct hash<linalg::mat<T,M,4>> { std::size_t operator()(const linalg::mat<T,M,4> & v) const { std::hash<linalg::vec<T,M>> h; return h(v.x) ^ (h(v.y) << M) ^ (h(v.z) << (M*2)) ^ (h(v.w) << (M*3)); } };
+}
+
+// Definitions of functions too long to be defined inline
+template<class T> constexpr linalg::mat<T,3,3> linalg::adjugate(const mat<T,3,3> & a) 
+{
+    return {{a.y.y*a.z.z - a.z.y*a.y.z, a.z.y*a.x.z - a.x.y*a.z.z, a.x.y*a.y.z - a.y.y*a.x.z},
+            {a.y.z*a.z.x - a.z.z*a.y.x, a.z.z*a.x.x - a.x.z*a.z.x, a.x.z*a.y.x - a.y.z*a.x.x},
+            {a.y.x*a.z.y - a.z.x*a.y.y, a.z.x*a.x.y - a.x.x*a.z.y, a.x.x*a.y.y - a.y.x*a.x.y}}; 
+}
+
+template<class T> constexpr linalg::mat<T,4,4> linalg::adjugate(const mat<T,4,4> & a) 
+{
+    return {{a.y.y*a.z.z*a.w.w + a.w.y*a.y.z*a.z.w + a.z.y*a.w.z*a.y.w - a.y.y*a.w.z*a.z.w - a.z.y*a.y.z*a.w.w - a.w.y*a.z.z*a.y.w,
+             a.x.y*a.w.z*a.z.w + a.z.y*a.x.z*a.w.w + a.w.y*a.z.z*a.x.w - a.w.y*a.x.z*a.z.w - a.z.y*a.w.z*a.x.w - a.x.y*a.z.z*a.w.w,
+             a.x.y*a.y.z*a.w.w + a.w.y*a.x.z*a.y.w + a.y.y*a.w.z*a.x.w - a.x.y*a.w.z*a.y.w - a.y.y*a.x.z*a.w.w - a.w.y*a.y.z*a.x.w,
+             a.x.y*a.z.z*a.y.w + a.y.y*a.x.z*a.z.w + a.z.y*a.y.z*a.x.w - a.x.y*a.y.z*a.z.w - a.z.y*a.x.z*a.y.w - a.y.y*a.z.z*a.x.w},
+            {a.y.z*a.w.w*a.z.x + a.z.z*a.y.w*a.w.x + a.w.z*a.z.w*a.y.x - a.y.z*a.z.w*a.w.x - a.w.z*a.y.w*a.z.x - a.z.z*a.w.w*a.y.x,
+             a.x.z*a.z.w*a.w.x + a.w.z*a.x.w*a.z.x + a.z.z*a.w.w*a.x.x - a.x.z*a.w.w*a.z.x - a.z.z*a.x.w*a.w.x - a.w.z*a.z.w*a.x.x,
+             a.x.z*a.w.w*a.y.x + a.y.z*a.x.w*a.w.x + a.w.z*a.y.w*a.x.x - a.x.z*a.y.w*a.w.x - a.w.z*a.x.w*a.y.x - a.y.z*a.w.w*a.x.x,
+             a.x.z*a.y.w*a.z.x + a.z.z*a.x.w*a.y.x + a.y.z*a.z.w*a.x.x - a.x.z*a.z.w*a.y.x - a.y.z*a.x.w*a.z.x - a.z.z*a.y.w*a.x.x},
+            {a.y.w*a.z.x*a.w.y + a.w.w*a.y.x*a.z.y + a.z.w*a.w.x*a.y.y - a.y.w*a.w.x*a.z.y - a.z.w*a.y.x*a.w.y - a.w.w*a.z.x*a.y.y,
+             a.x.w*a.w.x*a.z.y + a.z.w*a.x.x*a.w.y + a.w.w*a.z.x*a.x.y - a.x.w*a.z.x*a.w.y - a.w.w*a.x.x*a.z.y - a.z.w*a.w.x*a.x.y,
+             a.x.w*a.y.x*a.w.y + a.w.w*a.x.x*a.y.y + a.y.w*a.w.x*a.x.y - a.x.w*a.w.x*a.y.y - a.y.w*a.x.x*a.w.y - a.w.w*a.y.x*a.x.y,
+             a.x.w*a.z.x*a.y.y + a.y.w*a.x.x*a.z.y + a.z.w*a.y.x*a.x.y - a.x.w*a.y.x*a.z.y - a.z.w*a.x.x*a.y.y - a.y.w*a.z.x*a.x.y},
+            {a.y.x*a.w.y*a.z.z + a.z.x*a.y.y*a.w.z + a.w.x*a.z.y*a.y.z - a.y.x*a.z.y*a.w.z - a.w.x*a.y.y*a.z.z - a.z.x*a.w.y*a.y.z,
+             a.x.x*a.z.y*a.w.z + a.w.x*a.x.y*a.z.z + a.z.x*a.w.y*a.x.z - a.x.x*a.w.y*a.z.z - a.z.x*a.x.y*a.w.z - a.w.x*a.z.y*a.x.z,
+             a.x.x*a.w.y*a.y.z + a.y.x*a.x.y*a.w.z + a.w.x*a.y.y*a.x.z - a.x.x*a.y.y*a.w.z - a.w.x*a.x.y*a.y.z - a.y.x*a.w.y*a.x.z,
+             a.x.x*a.y.y*a.z.z + a.z.x*a.x.y*a.y.z + a.y.x*a.z.y*a.x.z - a.x.x*a.z.y*a.y.z - a.y.x*a.x.y*a.z.z - a.z.x*a.y.y*a.x.z}}; 
+}
+
+template<class T> constexpr T linalg::determinant(const mat<T,4,4> & a) 
+{
+    return a.x.x*(a.y.y*a.z.z*a.w.w + a.w.y*a.y.z*a.z.w + a.z.y*a.w.z*a.y.w - a.y.y*a.w.z*a.z.w - a.z.y*a.y.z*a.w.w - a.w.y*a.z.z*a.y.w)
+         + a.x.y*(a.y.z*a.w.w*a.z.x + a.z.z*a.y.w*a.w.x + a.w.z*a.z.w*a.y.x - a.y.z*a.z.w*a.w.x - a.w.z*a.y.w*a.z.x - a.z.z*a.w.w*a.y.x)
+         + a.x.z*(a.y.w*a.z.x*a.w.y + a.w.w*a.y.x*a.z.y + a.z.w*a.w.x*a.y.y - a.y.w*a.w.x*a.z.y - a.z.w*a.y.x*a.w.y - a.w.w*a.z.x*a.y.y)
+         + a.x.w*(a.y.x*a.w.y*a.z.z + a.z.x*a.y.y*a.w.z + a.w.x*a.z.y*a.y.z - a.y.x*a.z.y*a.w.z - a.w.x*a.y.y*a.z.z - a.z.x*a.w.y*a.y.z); 
+}
+
+template<class T> linalg::vec<T,4> linalg::rotation_quat(const mat<T,3,3> & m)
+{
+    const vec<T,4> q {m.x.x-m.y.y-m.z.z, m.y.y-m.x.x-m.z.z, m.z.z-m.x.x-m.y.y, m.x.x+m.y.y+m.z.z}, s[] {
+        {1, m.x.y + m.y.x, m.z.x + m.x.z, m.y.z - m.z.y}, 
+        {m.x.y + m.y.x, 1, m.y.z + m.z.y, m.z.x - m.x.z},
+        {m.x.z + m.z.x, m.y.z + m.z.y, 1, m.x.y - m.y.x},
+        {m.y.z - m.z.y, m.z.x - m.x.z, m.x.y - m.y.x, 1}};
+    return copysign(normalize(sqrt(max(T(0), T(1)+q))), s[argmax(q)]);
+}
+
+template<class T> linalg::mat<T,4,4> linalg::lookat_matrix(const vec<T,3> & eye, const vec<T,3> & center, const vec<T,3> & view_y_dir, fwd_axis a)
+{
+    const vec<T,3> f = normalize(center - eye), z = a == pos_z ? f : -f, x = normalize(cross(view_y_dir, z)), y = cross(z, x);
+    return inverse(mat<T,4,4>{{x,0},{y,0},{z,0},{eye,1}});
+}
+
+template<class T> linalg::mat<T,4,4> linalg::frustum_matrix(T x0, T x1, T y0, T y1, T n, T f, fwd_axis a, z_range z) 
+{
+    const T s = a == pos_z ? T(1) : T(-1), o = z == neg_one_to_one ? n : 0;
+    return {{2*n/(x1-x0),0,0,0}, {0,2*n/(y1-y0),0,0}, {-s*(x0+x1)/(x1-x0),-s*(y0+y1)/(y1-y0),s*(f+o)/(f-n),s}, {0,0,-(n+o)*f/(f-n),0}};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/CMakeLists.txt b/external/lua/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..27a7712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# sources
+set(LUA_LIB_SRCS
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lapi.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lauxlib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lbaselib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lcode.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lcorolib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lctype.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ldblib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ldebug.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ldo.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ldump.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lfunc.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lgc.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/linit.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/liolib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/llex.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lmathlib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lmem.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/loadlib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lobject.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lopcodes.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/loslib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lparser.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lstate.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lstring.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lstrlib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ltable.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ltablib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/ltm.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lundump.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lutf8lib.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lvm.c
+        ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/lzio.c)
+
+# library
+add_library(lua_static STATIC ${LUA_LIB_SRCS})
+
+# warnings
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    target_compile_options(lua_static PRIVATE "-Wno-stringop-overflow")
+endif()
+
+# includes
+set(LUA_LIB_INCLUDE ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/src)
+target_include_directories(lua_static PUBLIC ${LUA_LIB_INCLUDE})
+
+# add definitions
+target_compile_definitions(lua_static PUBLIC ${LUA_DEFINITIONS})
diff --git a/external/lua/README b/external/lua/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebd4db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/README
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+
+This is Lua 5.4.3, released on 15 Mar 2021.
+
+For installation instructions, license details, and
+further information about Lua, see doc/readme.html.
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/Makefile b/external/lua/src/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f78c0b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+# Makefile for building Lua
+# See ../doc/readme.html for installation and customization instructions.
+
+# == CHANGE THE SETTINGS BELOW TO SUIT YOUR ENVIRONMENT =======================
+
+# Your platform. See PLATS for possible values.
+PLAT= guess
+
+CC= gcc -std=gnu99
+CFLAGS= -O2 -Wall -Wextra -DLUA_COMPAT_5_3 $(SYSCFLAGS) $(MYCFLAGS)
+LDFLAGS= $(SYSLDFLAGS) $(MYLDFLAGS)
+LIBS= -lm $(SYSLIBS) $(MYLIBS)
+
+AR= ar rcu
+RANLIB= ranlib
+RM= rm -f
+UNAME= uname
+
+SYSCFLAGS=
+SYSLDFLAGS=
+SYSLIBS=
+
+MYCFLAGS=
+MYLDFLAGS=
+MYLIBS=
+MYOBJS=
+
+# Special flags for compiler modules; -Os reduces code size.
+CMCFLAGS= 
+
+# == END OF USER SETTINGS -- NO NEED TO CHANGE ANYTHING BELOW THIS LINE =======
+
+PLATS= guess aix bsd c89 freebsd generic linux linux-readline macosx mingw posix solaris
+
+LUA_A=	liblua.a
+CORE_O=	lapi.o lcode.o lctype.o ldebug.o ldo.o ldump.o lfunc.o lgc.o llex.o lmem.o lobject.o lopcodes.o lparser.o lstate.o lstring.o ltable.o ltm.o lundump.o lvm.o lzio.o
+LIB_O=	lauxlib.o lbaselib.o lcorolib.o ldblib.o liolib.o lmathlib.o loadlib.o loslib.o lstrlib.o ltablib.o lutf8lib.o linit.o
+BASE_O= $(CORE_O) $(LIB_O) $(MYOBJS)
+
+LUA_T=	lua
+LUA_O=	lua.o
+
+LUAC_T=	luac
+LUAC_O=	luac.o
+
+ALL_O= $(BASE_O) $(LUA_O) $(LUAC_O)
+ALL_T= $(LUA_A) $(LUA_T) $(LUAC_T)
+ALL_A= $(LUA_A)
+
+# Targets start here.
+default: $(PLAT)
+
+all:	$(ALL_T)
+
+o:	$(ALL_O)
+
+a:	$(ALL_A)
+
+$(LUA_A): $(BASE_O)
+	$(AR) $@ $(BASE_O)
+	$(RANLIB) $@
+
+$(LUA_T): $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LUA_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+$(LUAC_T): $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A)
+	$(CC) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LUAC_O) $(LUA_A) $(LIBS)
+
+test:
+	./$(LUA_T) -v
+
+clean:
+	$(RM) $(ALL_T) $(ALL_O)
+
+depend:
+	@$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -MM l*.c
+
+echo:
+	@echo "PLAT= $(PLAT)"
+	@echo "CC= $(CC)"
+	@echo "CFLAGS= $(CFLAGS)"
+	@echo "LDFLAGS= $(SYSLDFLAGS)"
+	@echo "LIBS= $(LIBS)"
+	@echo "AR= $(AR)"
+	@echo "RANLIB= $(RANLIB)"
+	@echo "RM= $(RM)"
+	@echo "UNAME= $(UNAME)"
+
+# Convenience targets for popular platforms.
+ALL= all
+
+help:
+	@echo "Do 'make PLATFORM' where PLATFORM is one of these:"
+	@echo "   $(PLATS)"
+	@echo "See doc/readme.html for complete instructions."
+
+guess:
+	@echo Guessing `$(UNAME)`
+	@$(MAKE) `$(UNAME)`
+
+AIX aix:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) CC="xlc" CFLAGS="-O2 -DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" SYSLIBS="-ldl" SYSLDFLAGS="-brtl -bexpall"
+
+bsd:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E"
+
+c89:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_C89" CC="gcc -std=c89"
+	@echo ''
+	@echo '*** C89 does not guarantee 64-bit integers for Lua.'
+	@echo '*** Make sure to compile all external Lua libraries'
+	@echo '*** with LUA_USE_C89 to ensure consistency'
+	@echo ''
+
+FreeBSD NetBSD OpenBSD freebsd:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX -DLUA_USE_READLINE -I/usr/include/edit" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ledit" CC="cc"
+
+generic: $(ALL)
+
+Linux linux:	linux-noreadline
+
+linux-noreadline:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl"
+
+linux-readline:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_LINUX -DLUA_USE_READLINE" SYSLIBS="-Wl,-E -ldl -lreadline"
+
+Darwin macos macosx:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_MACOSX -DLUA_USE_READLINE" SYSLIBS="-lreadline"
+
+mingw:
+	$(MAKE) "LUA_A=lua54.dll" "LUA_T=lua.exe" \
+	"AR=$(CC) -shared -o" "RANLIB=strip --strip-unneeded" \
+	"SYSCFLAGS=-DLUA_BUILD_AS_DLL" "SYSLIBS=" "SYSLDFLAGS=-s" lua.exe
+	$(MAKE) "LUAC_T=luac.exe" luac.exe
+
+posix:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX"
+
+SunOS solaris:
+	$(MAKE) $(ALL) SYSCFLAGS="-DLUA_USE_POSIX -DLUA_USE_DLOPEN -D_REENTRANT" SYSLIBS="-ldl"
+
+# Targets that do not create files (not all makes understand .PHONY).
+.PHONY: all $(PLATS) help test clean default o a depend echo
+
+# Compiler modules may use special flags.
+llex.o:
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CMCFLAGS) -c llex.c
+
+lparser.o:
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CMCFLAGS) -c lparser.c
+
+lcode.o:
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(CMCFLAGS) -c lcode.c
+
+# DO NOT DELETE
+
+lapi.o: lapi.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h \
+ ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+lauxlib.o: lauxlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h
+lbaselib.o: lbaselib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lcode.o: lcode.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+lcorolib.o: lcorolib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lctype.o: lctype.c lprefix.h lctype.h lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h
+ldblib.o: ldblib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ldebug.o: ldebug.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lcode.h llex.h lopcodes.h lparser.h \
+ ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ldo.o: ldo.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h \
+ lparser.h lstring.h ltable.h lundump.h lvm.h
+ldump.o: ldump.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lobject.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lundump.h
+lfunc.o: lfunc.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h
+lgc.o: lgc.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h
+linit.o: linit.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lualib.h lauxlib.h
+liolib.o: liolib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+llex.o: llex.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h ldebug.h \
+ lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h llex.h lparser.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h
+lmathlib.o: lmathlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lmem.o: lmem.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h
+loadlib.o: loadlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lobject.o: lobject.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lctype.h llimits.h \
+ ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ lvm.h
+lopcodes.o: lopcodes.c lprefix.h lopcodes.h llimits.h lua.h luaconf.h
+loslib.o: loslib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lparser.o: lparser.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lcode.h llex.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lparser.h ldebug.h lstate.h ltm.h \
+ ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h ltable.h
+lstate.o: lstate.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lapi.h llimits.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldebug.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h llex.h \
+ lstring.h ltable.h
+lstring.o: lstring.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lstring.h lgc.h
+lstrlib.o: lstrlib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ltable.o: ltable.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+ltablib.o: ltablib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+ltm.o: ltm.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lgc.h lstring.h ltable.h lvm.h
+lua.o: lua.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+luac.o: luac.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h lopcodes.h lopnames.h lundump.h
+lundump.o: lundump.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lstring.h lgc.h \
+ lundump.h
+lutf8lib.o: lutf8lib.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h lauxlib.h lualib.h
+lvm.o: lvm.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h ldebug.h lstate.h lobject.h \
+ llimits.h ltm.h lzio.h lmem.h ldo.h lfunc.h lgc.h lopcodes.h lstring.h \
+ ltable.h lvm.h ljumptab.h
+lzio.o: lzio.c lprefix.h lua.h luaconf.h llimits.h lmem.h lstate.h \
+ lobject.h ltm.h lzio.h
+
+# (end of Makefile)
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lapi.c b/external/lua/src/lapi.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8f70cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lapi.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1455 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.c $
+** Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lapi_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+const char lua_ident[] =
+  "$LuaVersion: " LUA_COPYRIGHT " $"
+  "$LuaAuthors: " LUA_AUTHORS " $";
+
+
+
+/*
+** Test for a valid index (one that is not the 'nilvalue').
+** '!ttisnil(o)' implies 'o != &G(L)->nilvalue', so it is not needed.
+** However, it covers the most common cases in a faster way.
+*/
+#define isvalid(L, o)	(!ttisnil(o) || o != &G(L)->nilvalue)
+
+
+/* test for pseudo index */
+#define ispseudo(i)		((i) <= LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+
+/* test for upvalue */
+#define isupvalue(i)		((i) < LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+
+
+static TValue *index2value (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  if (idx > 0) {
+    StkId o = ci->func + idx;
+    api_check(L, idx <= L->ci->top - (ci->func + 1), "unacceptable index");
+    if (o >= L->top) return &G(L)->nilvalue;
+    else return s2v(o);
+  }
+  else if (!ispseudo(idx)) {  /* negative index */
+    api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - (ci->func + 1), "invalid index");
+    return s2v(L->top + idx);
+  }
+  else if (idx == LUA_REGISTRYINDEX)
+    return &G(L)->l_registry;
+  else {  /* upvalues */
+    idx = LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - idx;
+    api_check(L, idx <= MAXUPVAL + 1, "upvalue index too large");
+    if (ttislcf(s2v(ci->func)))  /* light C function? */
+      return &G(L)->nilvalue;  /* it has no upvalues */
+    else {
+      CClosure *func = clCvalue(s2v(ci->func));
+      return (idx <= func->nupvalues) ? &func->upvalue[idx-1]
+                                      : &G(L)->nilvalue;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static StkId index2stack (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  if (idx > 0) {
+    StkId o = ci->func + idx;
+    api_check(L, o < L->top, "unacceptable index");
+    return o;
+  }
+  else {    /* non-positive index */
+    api_check(L, idx != 0 && -idx <= L->top - (ci->func + 1), "invalid index");
+    api_check(L, !ispseudo(idx), "invalid index");
+    return L->top + idx;
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_checkstack (lua_State *L, int n) {
+  int res;
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ci = L->ci;
+  api_check(L, n >= 0, "negative 'n'");
+  if (L->stack_last - L->top > n)  /* stack large enough? */
+    res = 1;  /* yes; check is OK */
+  else {  /* no; need to grow stack */
+    int inuse = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + EXTRA_STACK;
+    if (inuse > LUAI_MAXSTACK - n)  /* can grow without overflow? */
+      res = 0;  /* no */
+    else  /* try to grow stack */
+      res = luaD_growstack(L, n, 0);
+  }
+  if (res && ci->top < L->top + n)
+    ci->top = L->top + n;  /* adjust frame top */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_xmove (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n) {
+  int i;
+  if (from == to) return;
+  lua_lock(to);
+  api_checknelems(from, n);
+  api_check(from, G(from) == G(to), "moving among independent states");
+  api_check(from, to->ci->top - to->top >= n, "stack overflow");
+  from->top -= n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    setobjs2s(to, to->top, from->top + i);
+    to->top++;  /* stack already checked by previous 'api_check' */
+  }
+  lua_unlock(to);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_atpanic (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf) {
+  lua_CFunction old;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  old = G(L)->panic;
+  G(L)->panic = panicf;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return old;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_version (lua_State *L) {
+  UNUSED(L);
+  return LUA_VERSION_NUM;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** convert an acceptable stack index into an absolute index
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_absindex (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  return (idx > 0 || ispseudo(idx))
+         ? idx
+         : cast_int(L->top - L->ci->func) + idx;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettop (lua_State *L) {
+  return cast_int(L->top - (L->ci->func + 1));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settop (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  StkId func, newtop;
+  ptrdiff_t diff;  /* difference for new top */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ci = L->ci;
+  func = ci->func;
+  if (idx >= 0) {
+    api_check(L, idx <= ci->top - (func + 1), "new top too large");
+    diff = ((func + 1) + idx) - L->top;
+    for (; diff > 0; diff--)
+      setnilvalue(s2v(L->top++));  /* clear new slots */
+  }
+  else {
+    api_check(L, -(idx+1) <= (L->top - (func + 1)), "invalid new top");
+    diff = idx + 1;  /* will "subtract" index (as it is negative) */
+  }
+  api_check(L, L->tbclist < L->top, "previous pop of an unclosed slot");
+  newtop = L->top + diff;
+  if (diff < 0 && L->tbclist >= newtop) {
+    lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(ci->nresults));
+    luaF_close(L, newtop, CLOSEKTOP, 0);
+  }
+  L->top = newtop;  /* correct top only after closing any upvalue */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_closeslot (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  StkId level;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  level = index2stack(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, hastocloseCfunc(L->ci->nresults) && L->tbclist == level,
+     "no variable to close at given level");
+  luaF_close(L, level, CLOSEKTOP, 0);
+  level = index2stack(L, idx);  /* stack may be moved */
+  setnilvalue(s2v(level));
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Reverse the stack segment from 'from' to 'to'
+** (auxiliary to 'lua_rotate')
+** Note that we move(copy) only the value inside the stack.
+** (We do not move additional fields that may exist.)
+*/
+static void reverse (lua_State *L, StkId from, StkId to) {
+  for (; from < to; from++, to--) {
+    TValue temp;
+    setobj(L, &temp, s2v(from));
+    setobjs2s(L, from, to);
+    setobj2s(L, to, &temp);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Let x = AB, where A is a prefix of length 'n'. Then,
+** rotate x n == BA. But BA == (A^r . B^r)^r.
+*/
+LUA_API void lua_rotate (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+  StkId p, t, m;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = L->top - 1;  /* end of stack segment being rotated */
+  p = index2stack(L, idx);  /* start of segment */
+  api_check(L, (n >= 0 ? n : -n) <= (t - p + 1), "invalid 'n'");
+  m = (n >= 0 ? t - n : p - n - 1);  /* end of prefix */
+  reverse(L, p, m);  /* reverse the prefix with length 'n' */
+  reverse(L, m + 1, t);  /* reverse the suffix */
+  reverse(L, p, t);  /* reverse the entire segment */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_copy (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx) {
+  TValue *fr, *to;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  fr = index2value(L, fromidx);
+  to = index2value(L, toidx);
+  api_check(L, isvalid(L, to), "invalid index");
+  setobj(L, to, fr);
+  if (isupvalue(toidx))  /* function upvalue? */
+    luaC_barrier(L, clCvalue(s2v(L->ci->func)), fr);
+  /* LUA_REGISTRYINDEX does not need gc barrier
+     (collector revisits it before finishing collection) */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushvalue (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setobj2s(L, L->top, index2value(L, idx));
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_type (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (isvalid(L, o) ? ttype(o) : LUA_TNONE);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_typename (lua_State *L, int t) {
+  UNUSED(L);
+  api_check(L, LUA_TNONE <= t && t < LUA_NUMTYPES, "invalid type");
+  return ttypename(t);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_iscfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (ttislcf(o) || (ttisCclosure(o)));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isinteger (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return ttisinteger(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isnumber (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  lua_Number n;
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return tonumber(o, &n);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isstring (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (ttisstring(o) || cvt2str(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isuserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (ttisfulluserdata(o) || ttislightuserdata(o));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawequal (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2) {
+  const TValue *o1 = index2value(L, index1);
+  const TValue *o2 = index2value(L, index2);
+  return (isvalid(L, o1) && isvalid(L, o2)) ? luaV_rawequalobj(o1, o2) : 0;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_arith (lua_State *L, int op) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (op != LUA_OPUNM && op != LUA_OPBNOT)
+    api_checknelems(L, 2);  /* all other operations expect two operands */
+  else {  /* for unary operations, add fake 2nd operand */
+    api_checknelems(L, 1);
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  /* first operand at top - 2, second at top - 1; result go to top - 2 */
+  luaO_arith(L, op, s2v(L->top - 2), s2v(L->top - 1), L->top - 2);
+  L->top--;  /* remove second operand */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_compare (lua_State *L, int index1, int index2, int op) {
+  const TValue *o1;
+  const TValue *o2;
+  int i = 0;
+  lua_lock(L);  /* may call tag method */
+  o1 = index2value(L, index1);
+  o2 = index2value(L, index2);
+  if (isvalid(L, o1) && isvalid(L, o2)) {
+    switch (op) {
+      case LUA_OPEQ: i = luaV_equalobj(L, o1, o2); break;
+      case LUA_OPLT: i = luaV_lessthan(L, o1, o2); break;
+      case LUA_OPLE: i = luaV_lessequal(L, o1, o2); break;
+      default: api_check(L, 0, "invalid option");
+    }
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API size_t lua_stringtonumber (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+  size_t sz = luaO_str2num(s, s2v(L->top));
+  if (sz != 0)
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  return sz;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number lua_tonumberx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *pisnum) {
+  lua_Number n = 0;
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  int isnum = tonumber(o, &n);
+  if (pisnum)
+    *pisnum = isnum;
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Integer lua_tointegerx (lua_State *L, int idx, int *pisnum) {
+  lua_Integer res = 0;
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  int isnum = tointeger(o, &res);
+  if (pisnum)
+    *pisnum = isnum;
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_toboolean (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return !l_isfalse(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+  TValue *o;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  o = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (!ttisstring(o)) {
+    if (!cvt2str(o)) {  /* not convertible? */
+      if (len != NULL) *len = 0;
+      lua_unlock(L);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    luaO_tostring(L, o);
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+    o = index2value(L, idx);  /* previous call may reallocate the stack */
+  }
+  if (len != NULL)
+    *len = vslen(o);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return svalue(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned lua_rawlen (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  switch (ttypetag(o)) {
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return tsvalue(o)->shrlen;
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: return tsvalue(o)->u.lnglen;
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: return uvalue(o)->len;
+    case LUA_VTABLE: return luaH_getn(hvalue(o));
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction lua_tocfunction (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (ttislcf(o)) return fvalue(o);
+  else if (ttisCclosure(o))
+    return clCvalue(o)->f;
+  else return NULL;  /* not a C function */
+}
+
+
+static void *touserdata (const TValue *o) {
+  switch (ttype(o)) {
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA: return getudatamem(uvalue(o));
+    case LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(o);
+    default: return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_touserdata (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return touserdata(o);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_tothread (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  return (!ttisthread(o)) ? NULL : thvalue(o);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Returns a pointer to the internal representation of an object.
+** Note that ANSI C does not allow the conversion of a pointer to
+** function to a 'void*', so the conversion here goes through
+** a 'size_t'. (As the returned pointer is only informative, this
+** conversion should not be a problem.)
+*/
+LUA_API const void *lua_topointer (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *o = index2value(L, idx);
+  switch (ttypetag(o)) {
+    case LUA_VLCF: return cast_voidp(cast_sizet(fvalue(o)));
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA:
+      return touserdata(o);
+    default: {
+      if (iscollectable(o))
+        return gcvalue(o);
+      else
+        return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnil (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setnilvalue(s2v(L->top));
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushnumber (lua_State *L, lua_Number n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setfltvalue(s2v(L->top), n);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushinteger (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setivalue(s2v(L->top), n);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Pushes on the stack a string with given length. Avoid using 's' when
+** 'len' == 0 (as 's' can be NULL in that case), due to later use of
+** 'memcmp' and 'memcpy'.
+*/
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushlstring (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len) {
+  TString *ts;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ts = (len == 0) ? luaS_new(L, "") : luaS_newlstr(L, s, len);
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top, ts);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return getstr(ts);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (s == NULL)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top));
+  else {
+    TString *ts;
+    ts = luaS_new(L, s);
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top, ts);
+    s = getstr(ts);  /* internal copy's address */
+  }
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+                                      va_list argp) {
+  const char *ret;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  const char *ret;
+  va_list argp;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  ret = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  va_end(argp);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ret;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushcclosure (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (n == 0) {
+    setfvalue(s2v(L->top), fn);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else {
+    CClosure *cl;
+    api_checknelems(L, n);
+    api_check(L, n <= MAXUPVAL, "upvalue index too large");
+    cl = luaF_newCclosure(L, n);
+    cl->f = fn;
+    L->top -= n;
+    while (n--) {
+      setobj2n(L, &cl->upvalue[n], s2v(L->top + n));
+      /* does not need barrier because closure is white */
+      lua_assert(iswhite(cl));
+    }
+    setclCvalue(L, s2v(L->top), cl);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushboolean (lua_State *L, int b) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (b)
+    setbtvalue(s2v(L->top));
+  else
+    setbfvalue(s2v(L->top));
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_pushlightuserdata (lua_State *L, void *p) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setpvalue(s2v(L->top), p);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pushthread (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  setthvalue(L, s2v(L->top), L);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return (G(L)->mainthread == L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+
+
+static int auxgetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
+  const TValue *slot;
+  TString *str = luaS_new(L, k);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, str, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top, slot);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else {
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top, str);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top - 1), L->top - 1, slot);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top - 1));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the global table in the registry. Since all predefined
+** indices in the registry were inserted right when the registry
+** was created and never removed, they must always be in the array
+** part of the registry.
+*/
+#define getGtable(L)  \
+	(&hvalue(&G(L)->l_registry)->array[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS - 1])
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  const TValue *G;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  G = getGtable(L);
+  return auxgetstr(L, G, name);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  const TValue *slot;
+  TValue *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, s2v(L->top - 1), slot, luaH_get)) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top - 1, slot);
+  }
+  else
+    luaV_finishget(L, t, s2v(L->top - 1), L->top - 1, slot);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top - 1));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  return auxgetstr(L, index2value(L, idx), k);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_geti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  TValue *t;
+  const TValue *slot;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastgeti(L, t, n, slot)) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top, slot);
+  }
+  else {
+    TValue aux;
+    setivalue(&aux, n);
+    luaV_finishget(L, t, &aux, L->top, slot);
+  }
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top - 1));
+}
+
+
+static int finishrawget (lua_State *L, const TValue *val) {
+  if (isempty(val))  /* avoid copying empty items to the stack */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top));
+  else
+    setobj2s(L, L->top, val);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return ttype(s2v(L->top - 1));
+}
+
+
+static Table *gettable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  TValue *t = index2value(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, ttistable(t), "table expected");
+  return hvalue(t);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawget (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  Table *t;
+  const TValue *val;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  val = luaH_get(t, s2v(L->top - 1));
+  L->top--;  /* remove key */
+  return finishrawget(L, val);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawgeti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  return finishrawget(L, luaH_getint(t, n));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_rawgetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+  Table *t;
+  TValue k;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  setpvalue(&k, cast_voidp(p));
+  return finishrawget(L, luaH_get(t, &k));
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_createtable (lua_State *L, int narray, int nrec) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = luaH_new(L);
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top, t);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  if (narray > 0 || nrec > 0)
+    luaH_resize(L, t, narray, nrec);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+  const TValue *obj;
+  Table *mt;
+  int res = 0;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  obj = index2value(L, objindex);
+  switch (ttype(obj)) {
+    case LUA_TTABLE:
+      mt = hvalue(obj)->metatable;
+      break;
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+      mt = uvalue(obj)->metatable;
+      break;
+    default:
+      mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)];
+      break;
+  }
+  if (mt != NULL) {
+    sethvalue2s(L, L->top, mt);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    res = 1;
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+  TValue *o;
+  int t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  o = index2value(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, ttisfulluserdata(o), "full userdata expected");
+  if (n <= 0 || n > uvalue(o)->nuvalue) {
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top));
+    t = LUA_TNONE;
+  }
+  else {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top, &uvalue(o)->uv[n - 1].uv);
+    t = ttype(s2v(L->top));
+  }
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return t;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+
+/*
+** t[k] = value at the top of the stack (where 'k' is a string)
+*/
+static void auxsetstr (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, const char *k) {
+  const TValue *slot;
+  TString *str = luaS_new(L, k);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, str, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top - 1));
+    L->top--;  /* pop value */
+  }
+  else {
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top, str);  /* push 'str' (to make it a TValue) */
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top - 1), s2v(L->top - 2), slot);
+    L->top -= 2;  /* pop value and key */
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);  /* lock done by caller */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setglobal (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  const TValue *G;
+  lua_lock(L);  /* unlock done in 'auxsetstr' */
+  G = getGtable(L);
+  auxsetstr(L, G, name);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_settable (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  TValue *t;
+  const TValue *slot;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 2);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastget(L, t, s2v(L->top - 2), slot, luaH_get)) {
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top - 1));
+  }
+  else
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, s2v(L->top - 2), s2v(L->top - 1), slot);
+  L->top -= 2;  /* pop index and value */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setfield (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k) {
+  lua_lock(L);  /* unlock done in 'auxsetstr' */
+  auxsetstr(L, index2value(L, idx), k);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_seti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  TValue *t;
+  const TValue *slot;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  if (luaV_fastgeti(L, t, n, slot)) {
+    luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, s2v(L->top - 1));
+  }
+  else {
+    TValue aux;
+    setivalue(&aux, n);
+    luaV_finishset(L, t, &aux, s2v(L->top - 1), slot);
+  }
+  L->top--;  /* pop value */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+static void aux_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx, TValue *key, int n) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  luaH_set(L, t, key, s2v(L->top - 1));
+  invalidateTMcache(t);
+  luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), s2v(L->top - 1));
+  L->top -= n;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawset (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  aux_rawset(L, idx, s2v(L->top - 2), 2);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawsetp (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p) {
+  TValue k;
+  setpvalue(&k, cast_voidp(p));
+  aux_rawset(L, idx, &k, 1);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_rawseti (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n) {
+  Table *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  luaH_setint(L, t, n, s2v(L->top - 1));
+  luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), s2v(L->top - 1));
+  L->top--;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setmetatable (lua_State *L, int objindex) {
+  TValue *obj;
+  Table *mt;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  obj = index2value(L, objindex);
+  if (ttisnil(s2v(L->top - 1)))
+    mt = NULL;
+  else {
+    api_check(L, ttistable(s2v(L->top - 1)), "table expected");
+    mt = hvalue(s2v(L->top - 1));
+  }
+  switch (ttype(obj)) {
+    case LUA_TTABLE: {
+      hvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+      if (mt) {
+        luaC_objbarrier(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+        luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA: {
+      uvalue(obj)->metatable = mt;
+      if (mt) {
+        luaC_objbarrier(L, uvalue(obj), mt);
+        luaC_checkfinalizer(L, gcvalue(obj), mt);
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      G(L)->mt[ttype(obj)] = mt;
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  L->top--;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setiuservalue (lua_State *L, int idx, int n) {
+  TValue *o;
+  int res;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  o = index2value(L, idx);
+  api_check(L, ttisfulluserdata(o), "full userdata expected");
+  if (!(cast_uint(n) - 1u < cast_uint(uvalue(o)->nuvalue)))
+    res = 0;  /* 'n' not in [1, uvalue(o)->nuvalue] */
+  else {
+    setobj(L, &uvalue(o)->uv[n - 1].uv, s2v(L->top - 1));
+    luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(o), s2v(L->top - 1));
+    res = 1;
+  }
+  L->top--;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'load' and 'call' functions (run Lua code)
+*/
+
+
+#define checkresults(L,na,nr) \
+     api_check(L, (nr) == LUA_MULTRET || (L->ci->top - L->top >= (nr) - (na)), \
+	"results from function overflow current stack size")
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_callk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
+                        lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k) {
+  StkId func;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+    "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+  api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+  api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+  checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+  func = L->top - (nargs+1);
+  if (k != NULL && yieldable(L)) {  /* need to prepare continuation? */
+    L->ci->u.c.k = k;  /* save continuation */
+    L->ci->u.c.ctx = ctx;  /* save context */
+    luaD_call(L, func, nresults);  /* do the call */
+  }
+  else  /* no continuation or no yieldable */
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, nresults);  /* just do the call */
+  adjustresults(L, nresults);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected call.
+*/
+struct CallS {  /* data to 'f_call' */
+  StkId func;
+  int nresults;
+};
+
+
+static void f_call (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  struct CallS *c = cast(struct CallS *, ud);
+  luaD_callnoyield(L, c->func, c->nresults);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_pcallk (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
+                        lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k) {
+  struct CallS c;
+  int status;
+  ptrdiff_t func;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_check(L, k == NULL || !isLua(L->ci),
+    "cannot use continuations inside hooks");
+  api_checknelems(L, nargs+1);
+  api_check(L, L->status == LUA_OK, "cannot do calls on non-normal thread");
+  checkresults(L, nargs, nresults);
+  if (errfunc == 0)
+    func = 0;
+  else {
+    StkId o = index2stack(L, errfunc);
+    api_check(L, ttisfunction(s2v(o)), "error handler must be a function");
+    func = savestack(L, o);
+  }
+  c.func = L->top - (nargs+1);  /* function to be called */
+  if (k == NULL || !yieldable(L)) {  /* no continuation or no yieldable? */
+    c.nresults = nresults;  /* do a 'conventional' protected call */
+    status = luaD_pcall(L, f_call, &c, savestack(L, c.func), func);
+  }
+  else {  /* prepare continuation (call is already protected by 'resume') */
+    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+    ci->u.c.k = k;  /* save continuation */
+    ci->u.c.ctx = ctx;  /* save context */
+    /* save information for error recovery */
+    ci->u2.funcidx = cast_int(savestack(L, c.func));
+    ci->u.c.old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+    L->errfunc = func;
+    setoah(ci->callstatus, L->allowhook);  /* save value of 'allowhook' */
+    ci->callstatus |= CIST_YPCALL;  /* function can do error recovery */
+    luaD_call(L, c.func, nresults);  /* do the call */
+    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;
+    L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+    status = LUA_OK;  /* if it is here, there were no errors */
+  }
+  adjustresults(L, nresults);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_load (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *data,
+                      const char *chunkname, const char *mode) {
+  ZIO z;
+  int status;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (!chunkname) chunkname = "?";
+  luaZ_init(L, &z, reader, data);
+  status = luaD_protectedparser(L, &z, chunkname, mode);
+  if (status == LUA_OK) {  /* no errors? */
+    LClosure *f = clLvalue(s2v(L->top - 1));  /* get newly created function */
+    if (f->nupvalues >= 1) {  /* does it have an upvalue? */
+      /* get global table from registry */
+      const TValue *gt = getGtable(L);
+      /* set global table as 1st upvalue of 'f' (may be LUA_ENV) */
+      setobj(L, f->upvals[0]->v, gt);
+      luaC_barrier(L, f->upvals[0], gt);
+    }
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_dump (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data, int strip) {
+  int status;
+  TValue *o;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  o = s2v(L->top - 1);
+  if (isLfunction(o))
+    status = luaU_dump(L, getproto(o), writer, data, strip);
+  else
+    status = 1;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_status (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Garbage-collection function
+*/
+LUA_API int lua_gc (lua_State *L, int what, ...) {
+  va_list argp;
+  int res = 0;
+  global_State *g;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  g = G(L);
+  va_start(argp, what);
+  switch (what) {
+    case LUA_GCSTOP: {
+      g->gcrunning = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCRESTART: {
+      luaE_setdebt(g, 0);
+      g->gcrunning = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCCOLLECT: {
+      luaC_fullgc(L, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+      /* GC values are expressed in Kbytes: #bytes/2^10 */
+      res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) >> 10);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCCOUNTB: {
+      res = cast_int(gettotalbytes(g) & 0x3ff);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
+      l_mem debt = 1;  /* =1 to signal that it did an actual step */
+      lu_byte oldrunning = g->gcrunning;
+      g->gcrunning = 1;  /* allow GC to run */
+      if (data == 0) {
+        luaE_setdebt(g, 0);  /* do a basic step */
+        luaC_step(L);
+      }
+      else {  /* add 'data' to total debt */
+        debt = cast(l_mem, data) * 1024 + g->GCdebt;
+        luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+        luaC_checkGC(L);
+      }
+      g->gcrunning = oldrunning;  /* restore previous state */
+      if (debt > 0 && g->gcstate == GCSpause)  /* end of cycle? */
+        res = 1;  /* signal it */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSETPAUSE: {
+      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = getgcparam(g->gcpause);
+      setgcparam(g->gcpause, data);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
+      int data = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = getgcparam(g->gcstepmul);
+      setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, data);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+      res = g->gcrunning;
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCGEN: {
+      int minormul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      int majormul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = isdecGCmodegen(g) ? LUA_GCGEN : LUA_GCINC;
+      if (minormul != 0)
+        g->genminormul = minormul;
+      if (majormul != 0)
+        setgcparam(g->genmajormul, majormul);
+      luaC_changemode(L, KGC_GEN);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCINC: {
+      int pause = va_arg(argp, int);
+      int stepmul = va_arg(argp, int);
+      int stepsize = va_arg(argp, int);
+      res = isdecGCmodegen(g) ? LUA_GCGEN : LUA_GCINC;
+      if (pause != 0)
+        setgcparam(g->gcpause, pause);
+      if (stepmul != 0)
+        setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, stepmul);
+      if (stepsize != 0)
+        g->gcstepsize = stepsize;
+      luaC_changemode(L, KGC_INC);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: res = -1;  /* invalid option */
+  }
+  va_end(argp);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_error (lua_State *L) {
+  TValue *errobj;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  errobj = s2v(L->top - 1);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  /* error object is the memory error message? */
+  if (ttisshrstring(errobj) && eqshrstr(tsvalue(errobj), G(L)->memerrmsg))
+    luaM_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
+  else
+    luaG_errormsg(L);  /* raise a regular error */
+  /* code unreachable; will unlock when control actually leaves the kernel */
+  return 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_next (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  Table *t;
+  int more;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  t = gettable(L, idx);
+  more = luaH_next(L, t, L->top - 1);
+  if (more) {
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else  /* no more elements */
+    L->top -= 1;  /* remove key */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return more;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_toclose (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  int nresults;
+  StkId o;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  o = index2stack(L, idx);
+  nresults = L->ci->nresults;
+  api_check(L, L->tbclist < o, "given index below or equal a marked one");
+  luaF_newtbcupval(L, o);  /* create new to-be-closed upvalue */
+  if (!hastocloseCfunc(nresults))  /* function not marked yet? */
+    L->ci->nresults = codeNresults(nresults);  /* mark it */
+  lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(L->ci->nresults));
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_concat (lua_State *L, int n) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_checknelems(L, n);
+  if (n > 0)
+    luaV_concat(L, n);
+  else {  /* nothing to concatenate */
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, "", 0));  /* push empty string */
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  TValue *t;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  t = index2value(L, idx);
+  luaV_objlen(L, L->top, t);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc lua_getallocf (lua_State *L, void **ud) {
+  lua_Alloc f;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (ud) *ud = G(L)->ud;
+  f = G(L)->frealloc;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return f;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_setallocf (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  G(L)->ud = ud;
+  G(L)->frealloc = f;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+void lua_setwarnf (lua_State *L, lua_WarnFunction f, void *ud) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  G(L)->ud_warn = ud;
+  G(L)->warnf = f;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+void lua_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  luaE_warning(L, msg, tocont);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+}
+
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_newuserdatauv (lua_State *L, size_t size, int nuvalue) {
+  Udata *u;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  api_check(L, 0 <= nuvalue && nuvalue < USHRT_MAX, "invalid value");
+  u = luaS_newudata(L, size, nuvalue);
+  setuvalue(L, s2v(L->top), u);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return getudatamem(u);
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *aux_upvalue (TValue *fi, int n, TValue **val,
+                                GCObject **owner) {
+  switch (ttypetag(fi)) {
+    case LUA_VCCL: {  /* C closure */
+      CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+      if (!(cast_uint(n) - 1u < cast_uint(f->nupvalues)))
+        return NULL;  /* 'n' not in [1, f->nupvalues] */
+      *val = &f->upvalue[n-1];
+      if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f);
+      return "";
+    }
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua closure */
+      LClosure *f = clLvalue(fi);
+      TString *name;
+      Proto *p = f->p;
+      if (!(cast_uint(n) - 1u  < cast_uint(p->sizeupvalues)))
+        return NULL;  /* 'n' not in [1, p->sizeupvalues] */
+      *val = f->upvals[n-1]->v;
+      if (owner) *owner = obj2gco(f->upvals[n - 1]);
+      name = p->upvalues[n-1].name;
+      return (name == NULL) ? "(no name)" : getstr(name);
+    }
+    default: return NULL;  /* not a closure */
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+  const char *name;
+  TValue *val = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  name = aux_upvalue(index2value(L, funcindex), n, &val, NULL);
+  if (name) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top, val);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setupvalue (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n) {
+  const char *name;
+  TValue *val = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  GCObject *owner = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  TValue *fi;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  fi = index2value(L, funcindex);
+  api_checknelems(L, 1);
+  name = aux_upvalue(fi, n, &val, &owner);
+  if (name) {
+    L->top--;
+    setobj(L, val, s2v(L->top));
+    luaC_barrier(L, owner, val);
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+static UpVal **getupvalref (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n, LClosure **pf) {
+  static const UpVal *const nullup = NULL;
+  LClosure *f;
+  TValue *fi = index2value(L, fidx);
+  api_check(L, ttisLclosure(fi), "Lua function expected");
+  f = clLvalue(fi);
+  if (pf) *pf = f;
+  if (1 <= n && n <= f->p->sizeupvalues)
+    return &f->upvals[n - 1];  /* get its upvalue pointer */
+  else
+    return (UpVal**)&nullup;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void *lua_upvalueid (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n) {
+  TValue *fi = index2value(L, fidx);
+  switch (ttypetag(fi)) {
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* lua closure */
+      return *getupvalref(L, fidx, n, NULL);
+    }
+    case LUA_VCCL: {  /* C closure */
+      CClosure *f = clCvalue(fi);
+      if (1 <= n && n <= f->nupvalues)
+        return &f->upvalue[n - 1];
+      /* else */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case LUA_VLCF:
+      return NULL;  /* light C functions have no upvalues */
+    default: {
+      api_check(L, 0, "function expected");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+                                            int fidx2, int n2) {
+  LClosure *f1;
+  UpVal **up1 = getupvalref(L, fidx1, n1, &f1);
+  UpVal **up2 = getupvalref(L, fidx2, n2, NULL);
+  api_check(L, *up1 != NULL && *up2 != NULL, "invalid upvalue index");
+  *up1 = *up2;
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, f1, *up1);
+}
+
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lapi.h b/external/lua/src/lapi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e99cc4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lapi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lapi.h $
+** Auxiliary functions from Lua API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lapi_h
+#define lapi_h
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+/* Increments 'L->top', checking for stack overflows */
+#define api_incr_top(L)   {L->top++; api_check(L, L->top <= L->ci->top, \
+				"stack overflow");}
+
+
+/*
+** If a call returns too many multiple returns, the callee may not have
+** stack space to accommodate all results. In this case, this macro
+** increases its stack space ('L->ci->top').
+*/
+#define adjustresults(L,nres) \
+    { if ((nres) <= LUA_MULTRET && L->ci->top < L->top) L->ci->top = L->top; }
+
+
+/* Ensure the stack has at least 'n' elements */
+#define api_checknelems(L,n)	api_check(L, (n) < (L->top - L->ci->func), \
+				  "not enough elements in the stack")
+
+
+/*
+** To reduce the overhead of returning from C functions, the presence of
+** to-be-closed variables in these functions is coded in the CallInfo's
+** field 'nresults', in a way that functions with no to-be-closed variables
+** with zero, one, or "all" wanted results have no overhead. Functions
+** with other number of wanted results, as well as functions with
+** variables to be closed, have an extra check.
+*/
+
+#define hastocloseCfunc(n)	((n) < LUA_MULTRET)
+
+/* Map [-1, inf) (range of 'nresults') into (-inf, -2] */
+#define codeNresults(n)		(-(n) - 3)
+#define decodeNresults(n)	(-(n) - 3)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lauxlib.c b/external/lua/src/lauxlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94835ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lauxlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1105 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.c $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lauxlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+/*
+** This file uses only the official API of Lua.
+** Any function declared here could be written as an application function.
+*/
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(MAX_SIZET)
+/* maximum value for size_t */
+#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Traceback
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define LEVELS1	10	/* size of the first part of the stack */
+#define LEVELS2	11	/* size of the second part of the stack */
+
+
+
+/*
+** Search for 'objidx' in table at index -1. ('objidx' must be an
+** absolute index.) Return 1 + string at top if it found a good name.
+*/
+static int findfield (lua_State *L, int objidx, int level) {
+  if (level == 0 || !lua_istable(L, -1))
+    return 0;  /* not found */
+  lua_pushnil(L);  /* start 'next' loop */
+  while (lua_next(L, -2)) {  /* for each pair in table */
+    if (lua_type(L, -2) == LUA_TSTRING) {  /* ignore non-string keys */
+      if (lua_rawequal(L, objidx, -1)) {  /* found object? */
+        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value (but keep name) */
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else if (findfield(L, objidx, level - 1)) {  /* try recursively */
+        /* stack: lib_name, lib_table, field_name (top) */
+        lua_pushliteral(L, ".");  /* place '.' between the two names */
+        lua_replace(L, -3);  /* (in the slot occupied by table) */
+        lua_concat(L, 3);  /* lib_name.field_name */
+        return 1;
+      }
+    }
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
+  }
+  return 0;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search for a name for a function in all loaded modules
+*/
+static int pushglobalfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  int top = lua_gettop(L);
+  lua_getinfo(L, "f", ar);  /* push function */
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  if (findfield(L, top + 1, 2)) {
+    const char *name = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+    if (strncmp(name, LUA_GNAME ".", 3) == 0) {  /* name start with '_G.'? */
+      lua_pushstring(L, name + 3);  /* push name without prefix */
+      lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove original name */
+    }
+    lua_copy(L, -1, top + 1);  /* copy name to proper place */
+    lua_settop(L, top + 1);  /* remove table "loaded" and name copy */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_settop(L, top);  /* remove function and global table */
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void pushfuncname (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  if (pushglobalfuncname(L, ar)) {  /* try first a global name */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "function '%s'", lua_tostring(L, -1));
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove name */
+  }
+  else if (*ar->namewhat != '\0')  /* is there a name from code? */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "%s '%s'", ar->namewhat, ar->name);  /* use it */
+  else if (*ar->what == 'm')  /* main? */
+      lua_pushliteral(L, "main chunk");
+  else if (*ar->what != 'C')  /* for Lua functions, use <file:line> */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "function <%s:%d>", ar->short_src, ar->linedefined);
+  else  /* nothing left... */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "?");
+}
+
+
+static int lastlevel (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int li = 1, le = 1;
+  /* find an upper bound */
+  while (lua_getstack(L, le, &ar)) { li = le; le *= 2; }
+  /* do a binary search */
+  while (li < le) {
+    int m = (li + le)/2;
+    if (lua_getstack(L, m, &ar)) li = m + 1;
+    else le = m;
+  }
+  return le - 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_traceback (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
+                                const char *msg, int level) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int last = lastlevel(L1);
+  int limit2show = (last - level > LEVELS1 + LEVELS2) ? LEVELS1 : -1;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  if (msg) {
+    luaL_addstring(&b, msg);
+    luaL_addchar(&b, '\n');
+  }
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "stack traceback:");
+  while (lua_getstack(L1, level++, &ar)) {
+    if (limit2show-- == 0) {  /* too many levels? */
+      int n = last - level - LEVELS2 + 1;  /* number of levels to skip */
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t...\t(skipping %d levels)", n);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* add warning about skip */
+      level += n;  /* and skip to last levels */
+    }
+    else {
+      lua_getinfo(L1, "Slnt", &ar);
+      if (ar.currentline <= 0)
+        lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s: in ", ar.short_src);
+      else
+        lua_pushfstring(L, "\n\t%s:%d: in ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);
+      pushfuncname(L, &ar);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);
+      if (ar.istailcall)
+        luaL_addstring(&b, "\n\t(...tail calls...)");
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-report functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_argerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  if (!lua_getstack(L, 0, &ar))  /* no stack frame? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d (%s)", arg, extramsg);
+  lua_getinfo(L, "n", &ar);
+  if (strcmp(ar.namewhat, "method") == 0) {
+    arg--;  /* do not count 'self' */
+    if (arg == 0)  /* error is in the self argument itself? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "calling '%s' on bad self (%s)",
+                           ar.name, extramsg);
+  }
+  if (ar.name == NULL)
+    ar.name = (pushglobalfuncname(L, &ar)) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) : "?";
+  return luaL_error(L, "bad argument #%d to '%s' (%s)",
+                        arg, ar.name, extramsg);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_typeerror (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname) {
+  const char *msg;
+  const char *typearg;  /* name for the type of the actual argument */
+  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, arg, "__name") == LUA_TSTRING)
+    typearg = lua_tostring(L, -1);  /* use the given type name */
+  else if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+    typearg = "light userdata";  /* special name for messages */
+  else
+    typearg = luaL_typename(L, arg);  /* standard name */
+  msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s expected, got %s", tname, typearg);
+  return luaL_argerror(L, arg, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void tag_error (lua_State *L, int arg, int tag) {
+  luaL_typeerror(L, arg, lua_typename(L, tag));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** The use of 'lua_pushfstring' ensures this function does not
+** need reserved stack space when called.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_where (lua_State *L, int level) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  if (lua_getstack(L, level, &ar)) {  /* check function at level */
+    lua_getinfo(L, "Sl", &ar);  /* get info about it */
+    if (ar.currentline > 0) {  /* is there info? */
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: ", ar.short_src, ar.currentline);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "");  /* else, no information available... */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Again, the use of 'lua_pushvfstring' ensures this function does
+** not need reserved stack space when called. (At worst, it generates
+** an error with "stack overflow" instead of the given message.)
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaL_error (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  va_list argp;
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  luaL_where(L, 1);
+  lua_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  va_end(argp);
+  lua_concat(L, 2);
+  return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_fileresult (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname) {
+  int en = errno;  /* calls to Lua API may change this value */
+  if (stat) {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    if (fname)
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %s", fname, strerror(en));
+    else
+      lua_pushstring(L, strerror(en));
+    lua_pushinteger(L, en);
+    return 3;
+  }
+}
+
+
+#if !defined(l_inspectstat)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+/*
+** use appropriate macros to interpret 'pclose' return status
+*/
+#define l_inspectstat(stat,what)  \
+   if (WIFEXITED(stat)) { stat = WEXITSTATUS(stat); } \
+   else if (WIFSIGNALED(stat)) { stat = WTERMSIG(stat); what = "signal"; }
+
+#else
+
+#define l_inspectstat(stat,what)  /* no op */
+
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_execresult (lua_State *L, int stat) {
+  if (stat != 0 && errno != 0)  /* error with an 'errno'? */
+    return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+  else {
+    const char *what = "exit";  /* type of termination */
+    l_inspectstat(stat, what);  /* interpret result */
+    if (*what == 'e' && stat == 0)  /* successful termination? */
+      lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    else
+      luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_pushstring(L, what);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, stat);
+    return 3;  /* return true/fail,what,code */
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Userdata's metatable manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_newmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
+  if (luaL_getmetatable(L, tname) != LUA_TNIL)  /* name already in use? */
+    return 0;  /* leave previous value on top, but return 0 */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);
+  lua_createtable(L, 0, 2);  /* create metatable */
+  lua_pushstring(L, tname);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__name");  /* metatable.__name = tname */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, tname);  /* registry.name = metatable */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setmetatable (lua_State *L, const char *tname) {
+  luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_testudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {
+  void *p = lua_touserdata(L, ud);
+  if (p != NULL) {  /* value is a userdata? */
+    if (lua_getmetatable(L, ud)) {  /* does it have a metatable? */
+      luaL_getmetatable(L, tname);  /* get correct metatable */
+      if (!lua_rawequal(L, -1, -2))  /* not the same? */
+        p = NULL;  /* value is a userdata with wrong metatable */
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both metatables */
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* value is not a userdata with a metatable */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void *luaL_checkudata (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname) {
+  void *p = luaL_testudata(L, ud, tname);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, p != NULL, ud, tname);
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Argument check functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_checkoption (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *def,
+                                 const char *const lst[]) {
+  const char *name = (def) ? luaL_optstring(L, arg, def) :
+                             luaL_checkstring(L, arg);
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; lst[i]; i++)
+    if (strcmp(lst[i], name) == 0)
+      return i;
+  return luaL_argerror(L, arg,
+                       lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid option '%s'", name));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures the stack has at least 'space' extra slots, raising an error
+** if it cannot fulfill the request. (The error handling needs a few
+** extra slots to format the error message. In case of an error without
+** this extra space, Lua will generate the same 'stack overflow' error,
+** but without 'msg'.)
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkstack (lua_State *L, int space, const char *msg) {
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(L, space))) {
+    if (msg)
+      luaL_error(L, "stack overflow (%s)", msg);
+    else
+      luaL_error(L, "stack overflow");
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checktype (lua_State *L, int arg, int t) {
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_type(L, arg) != t))
+    tag_error(L, arg, t);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkany (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNONE))
+    luaL_argerror(L, arg, "value expected");
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_checklstring (lua_State *L, int arg, size_t *len) {
+  const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, arg, len);
+  if (l_unlikely(!s)) tag_error(L, arg, LUA_TSTRING);
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_optlstring (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                        const char *def, size_t *len) {
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg)) {
+    if (len)
+      *len = (def ? strlen(def) : 0);
+    return def;
+  }
+  else return luaL_checklstring(L, arg, len);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_checknumber (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  int isnum;
+  lua_Number d = lua_tonumberx(L, arg, &isnum);
+  if (l_unlikely(!isnum))
+    tag_error(L, arg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+  return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Number luaL_optnumber (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number def) {
+  return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checknumber, arg, def);
+}
+
+
+static void interror (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  if (lua_isnumber(L, arg))
+    luaL_argerror(L, arg, "number has no integer representation");
+  else
+    tag_error(L, arg, LUA_TNUMBER);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_checkinteger (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  int isnum;
+  lua_Integer d = lua_tointegerx(L, arg, &isnum);
+  if (l_unlikely(!isnum)) {
+    interror(L, arg);
+  }
+  return d;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_optinteger (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                                      lua_Integer def) {
+  return luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, arg, def);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/* userdata to box arbitrary data */
+typedef struct UBox {
+  void *box;
+  size_t bsize;
+} UBox;
+
+
+static void *resizebox (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t newsize) {
+  void *ud;
+  lua_Alloc allocf = lua_getallocf(L, &ud);
+  UBox *box = (UBox *)lua_touserdata(L, idx);
+  void *temp = allocf(ud, box->box, box->bsize, newsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(temp == NULL && newsize > 0)) {  /* allocation error? */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "not enough memory");
+    lua_error(L);  /* raise a memory error */
+  }
+  box->box = temp;
+  box->bsize = newsize;
+  return temp;
+}
+
+
+static int boxgc (lua_State *L) {
+  resizebox(L, 1, 0);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg boxmt[] = {  /* box metamethods */
+  {"__gc", boxgc},
+  {"__close", boxgc},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void newbox (lua_State *L) {
+  UBox *box = (UBox *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(UBox), 0);
+  box->box = NULL;
+  box->bsize = 0;
+  if (luaL_newmetatable(L, "_UBOX*"))  /* creating metatable? */
+    luaL_setfuncs(L, boxmt, 0);  /* set its metamethods */
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether buffer is using a userdata on the stack as a temporary
+** buffer
+*/
+#define buffonstack(B)	((B)->b != (B)->init.b)
+
+
+/*
+** Whenever buffer is accessed, slot 'idx' must either be a box (which
+** cannot be NULL) or it is a placeholder for the buffer.
+*/
+#define checkbufferlevel(B,idx)  \
+  lua_assert(buffonstack(B) ? lua_touserdata(B->L, idx) != NULL  \
+                            : lua_touserdata(B->L, idx) == (void*)B)
+
+
+/*
+** Compute new size for buffer 'B', enough to accommodate extra 'sz'
+** bytes.
+*/
+static size_t newbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  size_t newsize = B->size * 2;  /* double buffer size */
+  if (l_unlikely(MAX_SIZET - sz < B->n))  /* overflow in (B->n + sz)? */
+    return luaL_error(B->L, "buffer too large");
+  if (newsize < B->n + sz)  /* double is not big enough? */
+    newsize = B->n + sz;
+  return newsize;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Returns a pointer to a free area with at least 'sz' bytes in buffer
+** 'B'. 'boxidx' is the relative position in the stack where is the
+** buffer's box or its placeholder.
+*/
+static char *prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz, int boxidx) {
+  checkbufferlevel(B, boxidx);
+  if (B->size - B->n >= sz)  /* enough space? */
+    return B->b + B->n;
+  else {
+    lua_State *L = B->L;
+    char *newbuff;
+    size_t newsize = newbuffsize(B, sz);
+    /* create larger buffer */
+    if (buffonstack(B))  /* buffer already has a box? */
+      newbuff = (char *)resizebox(L, boxidx, newsize);  /* resize it */
+    else {  /* no box yet */
+      lua_remove(L, boxidx);  /* remove placeholder */
+      newbox(L);  /* create a new box */
+      lua_insert(L, boxidx);  /* move box to its intended position */
+      lua_toclose(L, boxidx);
+      newbuff = (char *)resizebox(L, boxidx, newsize);
+      memcpy(newbuff, B->b, B->n * sizeof(char));  /* copy original content */
+    }
+    B->b = newbuff;
+    B->size = newsize;
+    return newbuff + B->n;
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** returns a pointer to a free area with at least 'sz' bytes
+*/
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_prepbuffsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  return prepbuffsize(B, sz, -1);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addlstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l) {
+  if (l > 0) {  /* avoid 'memcpy' when 's' can be NULL */
+    char *b = prepbuffsize(B, l, -1);
+    memcpy(b, s, l * sizeof(char));
+    luaL_addsize(B, l);
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addstring (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s) {
+  luaL_addlstring(B, s, strlen(s));
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresult (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+  lua_State *L = B->L;
+  checkbufferlevel(B, -1);
+  lua_pushlstring(L, B->b, B->n);
+  if (buffonstack(B))
+    lua_closeslot(L, -2);  /* close the box */
+  lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove box or placeholder from the stack */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_pushresultsize (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  luaL_addsize(B, sz);
+  luaL_pushresult(B);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'luaL_addvalue' is the only function in the Buffer system where the
+** box (if existent) is not on the top of the stack. So, instead of
+** calling 'luaL_addlstring', it replicates the code using -2 as the
+** last argument to 'prepbuffsize', signaling that the box is (or will
+** be) bellow the string being added to the buffer. (Box creation can
+** trigger an emergency GC, so we should not remove the string from the
+** stack before we have the space guaranteed.)
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addvalue (luaL_Buffer *B) {
+  lua_State *L = B->L;
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &len);
+  char *b = prepbuffsize(B, len, -2);
+  memcpy(b, s, len * sizeof(char));
+  luaL_addsize(B, len);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop string */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_buffinit (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B) {
+  B->L = L;
+  B->b = B->init.b;
+  B->n = 0;
+  B->size = LUAL_BUFFERSIZE;
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, (void*)B);  /* push placeholder */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API char *luaL_buffinitsize (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz) {
+  luaL_buffinit(L, B);
+  return prepbuffsize(B, sz, -1);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Reference system
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/* index of free-list header (after the predefined values) */
+#define freelist	(LUA_RIDX_LAST + 1)
+
+/*
+** The previously freed references form a linked list:
+** t[freelist] is the index of a first free index, or zero if list is
+** empty; t[t[freelist]] is the index of the second element; etc.
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaL_ref (lua_State *L, int t) {
+  int ref;
+  if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove from stack */
+    return LUA_REFNIL;  /* 'nil' has a unique fixed reference */
+  }
+  t = lua_absindex(L, t);
+  if (lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist) == LUA_TNIL) {  /* first access? */
+    ref = 0;  /* list is empty */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* initialize as an empty list */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* ref = t[freelist] = 0 */
+  }
+  else {  /* already initialized */
+    lua_assert(lua_isinteger(L, -1));
+    ref = (int)lua_tointeger(L, -1);  /* ref = t[freelist] */
+  }
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove element from stack */
+  if (ref != 0) {  /* any free element? */
+    lua_rawgeti(L, t, ref);  /* remove it from list */
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* (t[freelist] = t[ref]) */
+  }
+  else  /* no free elements */
+    ref = (int)lua_rawlen(L, t) + 1;  /* get a new reference */
+  lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);
+  return ref;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_unref (lua_State *L, int t, int ref) {
+  if (ref >= 0) {
+    t = lua_absindex(L, t);
+    lua_rawgeti(L, t, freelist);
+    lua_assert(lua_isinteger(L, -1));
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, ref);  /* t[ref] = t[freelist] */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, ref);
+    lua_rawseti(L, t, freelist);  /* t[freelist] = ref */
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Load functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+typedef struct LoadF {
+  int n;  /* number of pre-read characters */
+  FILE *f;  /* file being read */
+  char buff[BUFSIZ];  /* area for reading file */
+} LoadF;
+
+
+static const char *getF (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+  LoadF *lf = (LoadF *)ud;
+  (void)L;  /* not used */
+  if (lf->n > 0) {  /* are there pre-read characters to be read? */
+    *size = lf->n;  /* return them (chars already in buffer) */
+    lf->n = 0;  /* no more pre-read characters */
+  }
+  else {  /* read a block from file */
+    /* 'fread' can return > 0 *and* set the EOF flag. If next call to
+       'getF' called 'fread', it might still wait for user input.
+       The next check avoids this problem. */
+    if (feof(lf->f)) return NULL;
+    *size = fread(lf->buff, 1, sizeof(lf->buff), lf->f);  /* read block */
+  }
+  return lf->buff;
+}
+
+
+static int errfile (lua_State *L, const char *what, int fnameindex) {
+  const char *serr = strerror(errno);
+  const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, fnameindex) + 1;
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "cannot %s %s: %s", what, filename, serr);
+  lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+  return LUA_ERRFILE;
+}
+
+
+static int skipBOM (LoadF *lf) {
+  const char *p = "\xEF\xBB\xBF";  /* UTF-8 BOM mark */
+  int c;
+  lf->n = 0;
+  do {
+    c = getc(lf->f);
+    if (c == EOF || c != *(const unsigned char *)p++) return c;
+    lf->buff[lf->n++] = c;  /* to be read by the parser */
+  } while (*p != '\0');
+  lf->n = 0;  /* prefix matched; discard it */
+  return getc(lf->f);  /* return next character */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** reads the first character of file 'f' and skips an optional BOM mark
+** in its beginning plus its first line if it starts with '#'. Returns
+** true if it skipped the first line.  In any case, '*cp' has the
+** first "valid" character of the file (after the optional BOM and
+** a first-line comment).
+*/
+static int skipcomment (LoadF *lf, int *cp) {
+  int c = *cp = skipBOM(lf);
+  if (c == '#') {  /* first line is a comment (Unix exec. file)? */
+    do {  /* skip first line */
+      c = getc(lf->f);
+    } while (c != EOF && c != '\n');
+    *cp = getc(lf->f);  /* skip end-of-line, if present */
+    return 1;  /* there was a comment */
+  }
+  else return 0;  /* no comment */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadfilex (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+                                             const char *mode) {
+  LoadF lf;
+  int status, readstatus;
+  int c;
+  int fnameindex = lua_gettop(L) + 1;  /* index of filename on the stack */
+  if (filename == NULL) {
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "=stdin");
+    lf.f = stdin;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "@%s", filename);
+    lf.f = fopen(filename, "r");
+    if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "open", fnameindex);
+  }
+  if (skipcomment(&lf, &c))  /* read initial portion */
+    lf.buff[lf.n++] = '\n';  /* add line to correct line numbers */
+  if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0] && filename) {  /* binary file? */
+    lf.f = freopen(filename, "rb", lf.f);  /* reopen in binary mode */
+    if (lf.f == NULL) return errfile(L, "reopen", fnameindex);
+    skipcomment(&lf, &c);  /* re-read initial portion */
+  }
+  if (c != EOF)
+    lf.buff[lf.n++] = c;  /* 'c' is the first character of the stream */
+  status = lua_load(L, getF, &lf, lua_tostring(L, -1), mode);
+  readstatus = ferror(lf.f);
+  if (filename) fclose(lf.f);  /* close file (even in case of errors) */
+  if (readstatus) {
+    lua_settop(L, fnameindex);  /* ignore results from 'lua_load' */
+    return errfile(L, "read", fnameindex);
+  }
+  lua_remove(L, fnameindex);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+typedef struct LoadS {
+  const char *s;
+  size_t size;
+} LoadS;
+
+
+static const char *getS (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+  LoadS *ls = (LoadS *)ud;
+  (void)L;  /* not used */
+  if (ls->size == 0) return NULL;
+  *size = ls->size;
+  ls->size = 0;
+  return ls->s;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadbufferx (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t size,
+                                 const char *name, const char *mode) {
+  LoadS ls;
+  ls.s = buff;
+  ls.size = size;
+  return lua_load(L, getS, &ls, name, mode);
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_loadstring (lua_State *L, const char *s) {
+  return luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), s);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getmetafield (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+  if (!lua_getmetatable(L, obj))  /* no metatable? */
+    return LUA_TNIL;
+  else {
+    int tt;
+    lua_pushstring(L, event);
+    tt = lua_rawget(L, -2);
+    if (tt == LUA_TNIL)  /* is metafield nil? */
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove metatable and metafield */
+    else
+      lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove only metatable */
+    return tt;  /* return metafield type */
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API int luaL_callmeta (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *event) {
+  obj = lua_absindex(L, obj);
+  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, obj, event) == LUA_TNIL)  /* no metafield? */
+    return 0;
+  lua_pushvalue(L, obj);
+  lua_call(L, 1, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer luaL_len (lua_State *L, int idx) {
+  lua_Integer l;
+  int isnum;
+  lua_len(L, idx);
+  l = lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+  if (l_unlikely(!isnum))
+    luaL_error(L, "object length is not an integer");
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove object */
+  return l;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_tolstring (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len) {
+  if (luaL_callmeta(L, idx, "__tostring")) {  /* metafield? */
+    if (!lua_isstring(L, -1))
+      luaL_error(L, "'__tostring' must return a string");
+  }
+  else {
+    switch (lua_type(L, idx)) {
+      case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+        if (lua_isinteger(L, idx))
+          lua_pushfstring(L, "%I", (LUAI_UACINT)lua_tointeger(L, idx));
+        else
+          lua_pushfstring(L, "%f", (LUAI_UACNUMBER)lua_tonumber(L, idx));
+        break;
+      }
+      case LUA_TSTRING:
+        lua_pushvalue(L, idx);
+        break;
+      case LUA_TBOOLEAN:
+        lua_pushstring(L, (lua_toboolean(L, idx) ? "true" : "false"));
+        break;
+      case LUA_TNIL:
+        lua_pushliteral(L, "nil");
+        break;
+      default: {
+        int tt = luaL_getmetafield(L, idx, "__name");  /* try name */
+        const char *kind = (tt == LUA_TSTRING) ? lua_tostring(L, -1) :
+                                                 luaL_typename(L, idx);
+        lua_pushfstring(L, "%s: %p", kind, lua_topointer(L, idx));
+        if (tt != LUA_TNIL)
+          lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove '__name' */
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return lua_tolstring(L, -1, len);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** set functions from list 'l' into table at top - 'nup'; each
+** function gets the 'nup' elements at the top as upvalues.
+** Returns with only the table at the stack.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_setfuncs (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup) {
+  luaL_checkstack(L, nup, "too many upvalues");
+  for (; l->name != NULL; l++) {  /* fill the table with given functions */
+    if (l->func == NULL)  /* place holder? */
+      lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+    else {
+      int i;
+      for (i = 0; i < nup; i++)  /* copy upvalues to the top */
+        lua_pushvalue(L, -nup);
+      lua_pushcclosure(L, l->func, nup);  /* closure with those upvalues */
+    }
+    lua_setfield(L, -(nup + 2), l->name);
+  }
+  lua_pop(L, nup);  /* remove upvalues */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** ensure that stack[idx][fname] has a table and push that table
+** into the stack
+*/
+LUALIB_API int luaL_getsubtable (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname) {
+  if (lua_getfield(L, idx, fname) == LUA_TTABLE)
+    return 1;  /* table already there */
+  else {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove previous result */
+    idx = lua_absindex(L, idx);
+    lua_newtable(L);
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* copy to be left at top */
+    lua_setfield(L, idx, fname);  /* assign new table to field */
+    return 0;  /* false, because did not find table there */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Stripped-down 'require': After checking "loaded" table, calls 'openf'
+** to open a module, registers the result in 'package.loaded' table and,
+** if 'glb' is true, also registers the result in the global table.
+** Leaves resulting module on the top.
+*/
+LUALIB_API void luaL_requiref (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+                               lua_CFunction openf, int glb) {
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  lua_getfield(L, -1, modname);  /* LOADED[modname] */
+  if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) {  /* package not already loaded? */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove field */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, openf);
+    lua_pushstring(L, modname);  /* argument to open function */
+    lua_call(L, 1, 1);  /* call 'openf' to open module */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* make copy of module (call result) */
+    lua_setfield(L, -3, modname);  /* LOADED[modname] = module */
+  }
+  lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove LOADED table */
+  if (glb) {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* copy of module */
+    lua_setglobal(L, modname);  /* _G[modname] = module */
+  }
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addgsub (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                     const char *p, const char *r) {
+  const char *wild;
+  size_t l = strlen(p);
+  while ((wild = strstr(s, p)) != NULL) {
+    luaL_addlstring(b, s, wild - s);  /* push prefix */
+    luaL_addstring(b, r);  /* push replacement in place of pattern */
+    s = wild + l;  /* continue after 'p' */
+  }
+  luaL_addstring(b, s);  /* push last suffix */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API const char *luaL_gsub (lua_State *L, const char *s,
+                                  const char *p, const char *r) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  luaL_addgsub(&b, s, p, r);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return lua_tostring(L, -1);
+}
+
+
+static void *l_alloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  (void)ud; (void)osize;  /* not used */
+  if (nsize == 0) {
+    free(ptr);
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  else
+    return realloc(ptr, nsize);
+}
+
+
+static int panic (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+  if (msg == NULL) msg = "error object is not a string";
+  lua_writestringerror("PANIC: unprotected error in call to Lua API (%s)\n",
+                        msg);
+  return 0;  /* return to Lua to abort */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Warning functions:
+** warnfoff: warning system is off
+** warnfon: ready to start a new message
+** warnfcont: previous message is to be continued
+*/
+static void warnfoff (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont);
+static void warnfon (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont);
+static void warnfcont (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont);
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether message is a control message. If so, execute the
+** control or ignore it if unknown.
+*/
+static int checkcontrol (lua_State *L, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  if (tocont || *(message++) != '@')  /* not a control message? */
+    return 0;
+  else {
+    if (strcmp(message, "off") == 0)
+      lua_setwarnf(L, warnfoff, L);  /* turn warnings off */
+    else if (strcmp(message, "on") == 0)
+      lua_setwarnf(L, warnfon, L);   /* turn warnings on */
+    return 1;  /* it was a control message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void warnfoff (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  checkcontrol((lua_State *)ud, message, tocont);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Writes the message and handle 'tocont', finishing the message
+** if needed and setting the next warn function.
+*/
+static void warnfcont (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  lua_State *L = (lua_State *)ud;
+  lua_writestringerror("%s", message);  /* write message */
+  if (tocont)  /* not the last part? */
+    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfcont, L);  /* to be continued */
+  else {  /* last part */
+    lua_writestringerror("%s", "\n");  /* finish message with end-of-line */
+    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfon, L);  /* next call is a new message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void warnfon (void *ud, const char *message, int tocont) {
+  if (checkcontrol((lua_State *)ud, message, tocont))  /* control message? */
+    return;  /* nothing else to be done */
+  lua_writestringerror("%s", "Lua warning: ");  /* start a new warning */
+  warnfcont(ud, message, tocont);  /* finish processing */
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *luaL_newstate (void) {
+  lua_State *L = lua_newstate(l_alloc, NULL);
+  if (l_likely(L)) {
+    lua_atpanic(L, &panic);
+    lua_setwarnf(L, warnfoff, L);  /* default is warnings off */
+  }
+  return L;
+}
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_checkversion_ (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver, size_t sz) {
+  lua_Number v = lua_version(L);
+  if (sz != LUAL_NUMSIZES)  /* check numeric types */
+    luaL_error(L, "core and library have incompatible numeric types");
+  else if (v != ver)
+    luaL_error(L, "version mismatch: app. needs %f, Lua core provides %f",
+                  (LUAI_UACNUMBER)ver, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)v);
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lauxlib.h b/external/lua/src/lauxlib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72f70e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lauxlib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lauxlib.h $
+** Auxiliary functions for building Lua libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lauxlib_h
+#define lauxlib_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* global table */
+#define LUA_GNAME	"_G"
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Buffer luaL_Buffer;
+
+
+/* extra error code for 'luaL_loadfilex' */
+#define LUA_ERRFILE     (LUA_ERRERR+1)
+
+
+/* key, in the registry, for table of loaded modules */
+#define LUA_LOADED_TABLE	"_LOADED"
+
+
+/* key, in the registry, for table of preloaded loaders */
+#define LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE	"_PRELOAD"
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Reg {
+  const char *name;
+  lua_CFunction func;
+} luaL_Reg;
+
+
+#define LUAL_NUMSIZES	(sizeof(lua_Integer)*16 + sizeof(lua_Number))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkversion_) (lua_State *L, lua_Number ver, size_t sz);
+#define luaL_checkversion(L)  \
+	  luaL_checkversion_(L, LUA_VERSION_NUM, LUAL_NUMSIZES)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getmetafield) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_callmeta) (lua_State *L, int obj, const char *e);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_argerror) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *extramsg);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_typeerror) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_checklstring) (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                                          size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_optlstring) (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                          const char *def, size_t *l);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_checknumber) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Number (luaL_optnumber) (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Number def);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_checkinteger) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_optinteger) (lua_State *L, int arg,
+                                          lua_Integer def);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int sz, const char *msg);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checktype) (lua_State *L, int arg, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_checkany) (lua_State *L, int arg);
+
+LUALIB_API int   (luaL_newmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void  (luaL_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_testudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+LUALIB_API void *(luaL_checkudata) (lua_State *L, int ud, const char *tname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_where) (lua_State *L, int lvl);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_error) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_checkoption) (lua_State *L, int arg, const char *def,
+                                   const char *const lst[]);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_fileresult) (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *fname);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_execresult) (lua_State *L, int stat);
+
+
+/* predefined references */
+#define LUA_NOREF       (-2)
+#define LUA_REFNIL      (-1)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_ref) (lua_State *L, int t);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_unref) (lua_State *L, int t, int ref);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadfilex) (lua_State *L, const char *filename,
+                                               const char *mode);
+
+#define luaL_loadfile(L,f)	luaL_loadfilex(L,f,NULL)
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadbufferx) (lua_State *L, const char *buff, size_t sz,
+                                   const char *name, const char *mode);
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_loadstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_State *(luaL_newstate) (void);
+
+LUALIB_API lua_Integer (luaL_len) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_addgsub (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                     const char *p, const char *r);
+LUALIB_API const char *(luaL_gsub) (lua_State *L, const char *s,
+                                    const char *p, const char *r);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_setfuncs) (lua_State *L, const luaL_Reg *l, int nup);
+
+LUALIB_API int (luaL_getsubtable) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *fname);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_traceback) (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1,
+                                  const char *msg, int level);
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_requiref) (lua_State *L, const char *modname,
+                                 lua_CFunction openf, int glb);
+
+/*
+** ===============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define luaL_newlibtable(L,l)	\
+  lua_createtable(L, 0, sizeof(l)/sizeof((l)[0]) - 1)
+
+#define luaL_newlib(L,l)  \
+  (luaL_checkversion(L), luaL_newlibtable(L,l), luaL_setfuncs(L,l,0))
+
+#define luaL_argcheck(L, cond,arg,extramsg)	\
+	((void)(luai_likely(cond) || luaL_argerror(L, (arg), (extramsg))))
+
+#define luaL_argexpected(L,cond,arg,tname)	\
+	((void)(luai_likely(cond) || luaL_typeerror(L, (arg), (tname))))
+
+#define luaL_checkstring(L,n)	(luaL_checklstring(L, (n), NULL))
+#define luaL_optstring(L,n,d)	(luaL_optlstring(L, (n), (d), NULL))
+
+#define luaL_typename(L,i)	lua_typename(L, lua_type(L,(i)))
+
+#define luaL_dofile(L, fn) \
+	(luaL_loadfile(L, fn) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_dostring(L, s) \
+	(luaL_loadstring(L, s) || lua_pcall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0))
+
+#define luaL_getmetatable(L,n)	(lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, (n)))
+
+#define luaL_opt(L,f,n,d)	(lua_isnoneornil(L,(n)) ? (d) : f(L,(n)))
+
+#define luaL_loadbuffer(L,s,sz,n)	luaL_loadbufferx(L,s,sz,n,NULL)
+
+
+/* push the value used to represent failure/error */
+#define luaL_pushfail(L)	lua_pushnil(L)
+
+
+/*
+** Internal assertions for in-house debugging
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_assert)
+
+#if defined LUAI_ASSERT
+  #include <assert.h>
+  #define lua_assert(c)		assert(c)
+#else
+  #define lua_assert(c)		((void)0)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Buffer manipulation
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+struct luaL_Buffer {
+  char *b;  /* buffer address */
+  size_t size;  /* buffer size */
+  size_t n;  /* number of characters in buffer */
+  lua_State *L;
+  union {
+    LUAI_MAXALIGN;  /* ensure maximum alignment for buffer */
+    char b[LUAL_BUFFERSIZE];  /* initial buffer */
+  } init;
+};
+
+
+#define luaL_bufflen(bf)	((bf)->n)
+#define luaL_buffaddr(bf)	((bf)->b)
+
+
+#define luaL_addchar(B,c) \
+  ((void)((B)->n < (B)->size || luaL_prepbuffsize((B), 1)), \
+   ((B)->b[(B)->n++] = (c)))
+
+#define luaL_addsize(B,s)	((B)->n += (s))
+
+#define luaL_buffsub(B,s)	((B)->n -= (s))
+
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_buffinit) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_prepbuffsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addlstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s, size_t l);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addstring) (luaL_Buffer *B, const char *s);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_addvalue) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresult) (luaL_Buffer *B);
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_pushresultsize) (luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+LUALIB_API char *(luaL_buffinitsize) (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *B, size_t sz);
+
+#define luaL_prepbuffer(B)	luaL_prepbuffsize(B, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE)
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** File handles for IO library
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** A file handle is a userdata with metatable 'LUA_FILEHANDLE' and
+** initial structure 'luaL_Stream' (it may contain other fields
+** after that initial structure).
+*/
+
+#define LUA_FILEHANDLE          "FILE*"
+
+
+typedef struct luaL_Stream {
+  FILE *f;  /* stream (NULL for incompletely created streams) */
+  lua_CFunction closef;  /* to close stream (NULL for closed streams) */
+} luaL_Stream;
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** "Abstraction Layer" for basic report of messages and errors
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* print a string */
+#if !defined(lua_writestring)
+#define lua_writestring(s,l)   fwrite((s), sizeof(char), (l), stdout)
+#endif
+
+/* print a newline and flush the output */
+#if !defined(lua_writeline)
+#define lua_writeline()        (lua_writestring("\n", 1), fflush(stdout))
+#endif
+
+/* print an error message */
+#if !defined(lua_writestringerror)
+#define lua_writestringerror(s,p) \
+        (fprintf(stderr, (s), (p)), fflush(stderr))
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {============================================================
+** Compatibility with deprecated conversions
+** =============================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS)
+
+#define luaL_checkunsigned(L,a)	((lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L,a))
+#define luaL_optunsigned(L,a,d)	\
+	((lua_Unsigned)luaL_optinteger(L,a,(lua_Integer)(d)))
+
+#define luaL_checkint(L,n)	((int)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optint(L,n,d)	((int)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+
+#define luaL_checklong(L,n)	((long)luaL_checkinteger(L, (n)))
+#define luaL_optlong(L,n,d)	((long)luaL_optinteger(L, (n), (d)))
+
+#endif
+/* }============================================================ */
+
+
+
+#endif
+
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lbaselib.c b/external/lua/src/lbaselib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1601173
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lbaselib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,559 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lbaselib.c $
+** Basic library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lbaselib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static int luaB_print (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int i;
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {  /* for each argument */
+    size_t l;
+    const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, i, &l);  /* convert it to string */
+    if (i > 1)  /* not the first element? */
+      lua_writestring("\t", 1);  /* add a tab before it */
+    lua_writestring(s, l);  /* print it */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop result */
+  }
+  lua_writeline();
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates a warning with all given arguments.
+** Check first for errors; otherwise an error may interrupt
+** the composition of a warning, leaving it unfinished.
+*/
+static int luaB_warn (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int i;
+  luaL_checkstring(L, 1);  /* at least one argument */
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
+    luaL_checkstring(L, i);  /* make sure all arguments are strings */
+  for (i = 1; i < n; i++)  /* compose warning */
+    lua_warning(L, lua_tostring(L, i), 1);
+  lua_warning(L, lua_tostring(L, n), 0);  /* close warning */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+#define SPACECHARS	" \f\n\r\t\v"
+
+static const char *b_str2int (const char *s, int base, lua_Integer *pn) {
+  lua_Unsigned n = 0;
+  int neg = 0;
+  s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip initial spaces */
+  if (*s == '-') { s++; neg = 1; }  /* handle sign */
+  else if (*s == '+') s++;
+  if (!isalnum((unsigned char)*s))  /* no digit? */
+    return NULL;
+  do {
+    int digit = (isdigit((unsigned char)*s)) ? *s - '0'
+                   : (toupper((unsigned char)*s) - 'A') + 10;
+    if (digit >= base) return NULL;  /* invalid numeral */
+    n = n * base + digit;
+    s++;
+  } while (isalnum((unsigned char)*s));
+  s += strspn(s, SPACECHARS);  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  *pn = (lua_Integer)((neg) ? (0u - n) : n);
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tonumber (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2)) {  /* standard conversion? */
+    if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TNUMBER) {  /* already a number? */
+      lua_settop(L, 1);  /* yes; return it */
+      return 1;
+    }
+    else {
+      size_t l;
+      const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+      if (s != NULL && lua_stringtonumber(L, s) == l + 1)
+        return 1;  /* successful conversion to number */
+      /* else not a number */
+      luaL_checkany(L, 1);  /* (but there must be some parameter) */
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    size_t l;
+    const char *s;
+    lua_Integer n = 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+    lua_Integer base = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TSTRING);  /* no numbers as strings */
+    s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, 2 <= base && base <= 36, 2, "base out of range");
+    if (b_str2int(s, (int)base, &n) == s + l) {
+      lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+      return 1;
+    }  /* else not a number */
+  }  /* else not a number */
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not a number */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_error (lua_State *L) {
+  int level = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && level > 0) {
+    luaL_where(L, level);   /* add extra information */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+    lua_concat(L, 2);
+  }
+  return lua_error(L);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+    lua_pushnil(L);
+    return 1;  /* no metatable */
+  }
+  luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable");
+  return 1;  /* returns either __metatable field (if present) or metatable */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, "nil or table");
+  if (l_unlikely(luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__metatable") != LUA_TNIL))
+    return luaL_error(L, "cannot change a protected metatable");
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawequal (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, lua_rawequal(L, 1, 2));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawlen (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 1);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TTABLE || t == LUA_TSTRING, 1,
+                      "table or string");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_rawlen(L, 1));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_rawget (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_rawget(L, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int luaB_rawset (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+  lua_settop(L, 3);
+  lua_rawset(L, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int pushmode (lua_State *L, int oldmode) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, (oldmode == LUA_GCINC) ? "incremental"
+                                           : "generational");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_collectgarbage (lua_State *L) {
+  static const char *const opts[] = {"stop", "restart", "collect",
+    "count", "step", "setpause", "setstepmul",
+    "isrunning", "generational", "incremental", NULL};
+  static const int optsnum[] = {LUA_GCSTOP, LUA_GCRESTART, LUA_GCCOLLECT,
+    LUA_GCCOUNT, LUA_GCSTEP, LUA_GCSETPAUSE, LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL,
+    LUA_GCISRUNNING, LUA_GCGEN, LUA_GCINC};
+  int o = optsnum[luaL_checkoption(L, 1, "collect", opts)];
+  switch (o) {
+    case LUA_GCCOUNT: {
+      int k = lua_gc(L, o);
+      int b = lua_gc(L, LUA_GCCOUNTB);
+      lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)k + ((lua_Number)b/1024));
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSTEP: {
+      int step = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o, step);
+      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCSETPAUSE:
+    case LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL: {
+      int p = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int previous = lua_gc(L, o, p);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, previous);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCISRUNNING: {
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      lua_pushboolean(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case LUA_GCGEN: {
+      int minormul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int majormul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o, minormul, majormul));
+    }
+    case LUA_GCINC: {
+      int pause = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+      int stepmul = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
+      int stepsize = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 4, 0);
+      return pushmode(L, lua_gc(L, o, pause, stepmul, stepsize));
+    }
+    default: {
+      int res = lua_gc(L, o);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_type (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 1);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, t != LUA_TNONE, 1, "value expected");
+  lua_pushstring(L, lua_typename(L, t));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_next (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+  lua_settop(L, 2);  /* create a 2nd argument if there isn't one */
+  if (lua_next(L, 1))
+    return 2;
+  else {
+    lua_pushnil(L);
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pairs (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  if (luaL_getmetafield(L, 1, "__pairs") == LUA_TNIL) {  /* no metamethod? */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, luaB_next);  /* will return generator, */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state, */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* and initial value */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* argument 'self' to metamethod */
+    lua_call(L, 1, 3);  /* get 3 values from metamethod */
+  }
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traversal function for 'ipairs'
+*/
+static int ipairsaux (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2) + 1;
+  lua_pushinteger(L, i);
+  return (lua_geti(L, 1, i) == LUA_TNIL) ? 1 : 2;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** 'ipairs' function. Returns 'ipairsaux', given "table", 0.
+** (The given "table" may not be a table.)
+*/
+static int luaB_ipairs (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, ipairsaux);  /* iteration function */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* state */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* initial value */
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int load_aux (lua_State *L, int status, int envidx) {
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK)) {
+    if (envidx != 0) {  /* 'env' parameter? */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, envidx);  /* environment for loaded function */
+      if (!lua_setupvalue(L, -2, 1))  /* set it as 1st upvalue */
+        lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove 'env' if not used by previous call */
+    }
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {  /* error (message is on top of the stack) */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);  /* put before error message */
+    return 2;  /* return fail plus error message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_loadfile (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, NULL);
+  int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 3) ? 3 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
+  int status = luaL_loadfilex(L, fname, mode);
+  return load_aux(L, status, env);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic Read function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** reserved slot, above all arguments, to hold a copy of the returned
+** string to avoid it being collected while parsed. 'load' has four
+** optional arguments (chunk, source name, mode, and environment).
+*/
+#define RESERVEDSLOT	5
+
+
+/*
+** Reader for generic 'load' function: 'lua_load' uses the
+** stack for internal stuff, so the reader cannot change the
+** stack top. Instead, it keeps its resulting string in a
+** reserved slot inside the stack.
+*/
+static const char *generic_reader (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *size) {
+  (void)(ud);  /* not used */
+  luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many nested functions");
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* get function */
+  lua_call(L, 0, 1);  /* call it */
+  if (lua_isnil(L, -1)) {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop result */
+    *size = 0;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  else if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
+    luaL_error(L, "reader function must return a string");
+  lua_replace(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* save string in reserved slot */
+  return lua_tolstring(L, RESERVEDSLOT, size);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_load (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  size_t l;
+  const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &l);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 3, "bt");
+  int env = (!lua_isnone(L, 4) ? 4 : 0);  /* 'env' index or 0 if no 'env' */
+  if (s != NULL) {  /* loading a string? */
+    const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, s);
+    status = luaL_loadbufferx(L, s, l, chunkname, mode);
+  }
+  else {  /* loading from a reader function */
+    const char *chunkname = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "=(load)");
+    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+    lua_settop(L, RESERVEDSLOT);  /* create reserved slot */
+    status = lua_load(L, generic_reader, NULL, chunkname, mode);
+  }
+  return load_aux(L, status, env);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int dofilecont (lua_State *L, int d1, lua_KContext d2) {
+  (void)d1;  (void)d2;  /* only to match 'lua_Kfunction' prototype */
+  return lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_dofile (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *fname = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);
+  if (l_unlikely(luaL_loadfile(L, fname) != LUA_OK))
+    return lua_error(L);
+  lua_callk(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0, dofilecont);
+  return dofilecont(L, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_assert (lua_State *L) {
+  if (l_likely(lua_toboolean(L, 1)))  /* condition is true? */
+    return lua_gettop(L);  /* return all arguments */
+  else {  /* error */
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);  /* there must be a condition */
+    lua_remove(L, 1);  /* remove it */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "assertion failed!");  /* default message */
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* leave only message (default if no other one) */
+    return luaB_error(L);  /* call 'error' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_select (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TSTRING && *lua_tostring(L, 1) == '#') {
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n-1);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer i = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+    if (i < 0) i = n + i;
+    else if (i > n) i = n;
+    luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= i, 1, "index out of range");
+    return n - (int)i;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Continuation function for 'pcall' and 'xpcall'. Both functions
+** already pushed a 'true' before doing the call, so in case of success
+** 'finishpcall' only has to return everything in the stack minus
+** 'extra' values (where 'extra' is exactly the number of items to be
+** ignored).
+*/
+static int finishpcall (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext extra) {
+  if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK && status != LUA_YIELD)) {  /* error? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 0);  /* first result (false) */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* error message */
+    return 2;  /* return false, msg */
+  }
+  else
+    return lua_gettop(L) - (int)extra;  /* return all results */
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_pcall (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* first result if no errors */
+  lua_insert(L, 1);  /* put it in place */
+  status = lua_pcallk(L, lua_gettop(L) - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 0, 0, finishpcall);
+  return finishpcall(L, status, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do a protected call with error handling. After 'lua_rotate', the
+** stack will have <f, err, true, f, [args...]>; so, the function passes
+** 2 to 'finishpcall' to skip the 2 first values when returning results.
+*/
+static int luaB_xpcall (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* check error function */
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* first result */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* function */
+  lua_rotate(L, 3, 2);  /* move them below function's arguments */
+  status = lua_pcallk(L, n - 2, LUA_MULTRET, 2, 2, finishpcall);
+  return finishpcall(L, status, 2);
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  luaL_tolstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg base_funcs[] = {
+  {"assert", luaB_assert},
+  {"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
+  {"dofile", luaB_dofile},
+  {"error", luaB_error},
+  {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
+  {"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},
+  {"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
+  {"load", luaB_load},
+  {"next", luaB_next},
+  {"pairs", luaB_pairs},
+  {"pcall", luaB_pcall},
+  {"print", luaB_print},
+  {"warn", luaB_warn},
+  {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
+  {"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},
+  {"rawget", luaB_rawget},
+  {"rawset", luaB_rawset},
+  {"select", luaB_select},
+  {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
+  {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
+  {"tostring", luaB_tostring},
+  {"type", luaB_type},
+  {"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {LUA_GNAME, NULL},
+  {"_VERSION", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+const luaL_Reg base_funcs_sandbox_d[] = {
+  {"assert", luaB_assert},
+  //{"collectgarbage", luaB_collectgarbage},
+  //{"dofile", luaB_dofile},
+  {"error", luaB_error},
+  {"getmetatable", luaB_getmetatable},
+  {"ipairs", luaB_ipairs},
+  //{"loadfile", luaB_loadfile},
+  //{"load", luaB_load},
+  {"next", luaB_next},
+  {"pairs", luaB_pairs},
+  {"pcall", luaB_pcall},
+  //{"print", luaB_print},
+  {"warn", luaB_warn},
+  {"rawequal", luaB_rawequal},
+  {"rawlen", luaB_rawlen},
+  {"rawget", luaB_rawget},
+  {"rawset", luaB_rawset},
+  {"select", luaB_select},
+  {"setmetatable", luaB_setmetatable},
+  {"tonumber", luaB_tonumber},
+  {"tostring", luaB_tostring},
+  {"type", luaB_type},
+  //{"xpcall", luaB_xpcall},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {LUA_GNAME, NULL},
+  {"_VERSION", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL},
+};
+extern const luaL_Reg *base_funcs_sandbox;
+const luaL_Reg *base_funcs_sandbox = base_funcs_sandbox_d;
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base (lua_State *L) {
+  /* open lib into global table */
+  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs, 0);
+  /* set global _G */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, LUA_GNAME);
+  /* set global _VERSION */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION");
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lcode.c b/external/lua/src/lcode.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80d975c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lcode.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1814 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.c $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lcode_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/* Maximum number of registers in a Lua function (must fit in 8 bits) */
+#define MAXREGS		255
+
+
+#define hasjumps(e)	((e)->t != (e)->f)
+
+
+static int codesJ (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int sj, int k);
+
+
+
+/* semantic error */
+l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+  ls->t.token = 0;  /* remove "near <token>" from final message */
+  luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If expression is a numeric constant, fills 'v' with its value
+** and returns 1. Otherwise, returns 0.
+*/
+static int tonumeral (const expdesc *e, TValue *v) {
+  if (hasjumps(e))
+    return 0;  /* not a numeral */
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VKINT:
+      if (v) setivalue(v, e->u.ival);
+      return 1;
+    case VKFLT:
+      if (v) setfltvalue(v, e->u.nval);
+      return 1;
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the constant value from a constant expression
+*/
+static TValue *const2val (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e) {
+  lua_assert(e->k == VCONST);
+  return &fs->ls->dyd->actvar.arr[e->u.info].k;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If expression is a constant, fills 'v' with its value
+** and returns 1. Otherwise, returns 0.
+*/
+int luaK_exp2const (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e, TValue *v) {
+  if (hasjumps(e))
+    return 0;  /* not a constant */
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VFALSE:
+      setbfvalue(v);
+      return 1;
+    case VTRUE:
+      setbtvalue(v);
+      return 1;
+    case VNIL:
+      setnilvalue(v);
+      return 1;
+    case VKSTR: {
+      setsvalue(fs->ls->L, v, e->u.strval);
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case VCONST: {
+      setobj(fs->ls->L, v, const2val(fs, e));
+      return 1;
+    }
+    default: return tonumeral(e, v);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return the previous instruction of the current code. If there
+** may be a jump target between the current instruction and the
+** previous one, return an invalid instruction (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations).
+*/
+static Instruction *previousinstruction (FuncState *fs) {
+  static const Instruction invalidinstruction = ~(Instruction)0;
+  if (fs->pc > fs->lasttarget)
+    return &fs->f->code[fs->pc - 1];  /* previous instruction */
+  else
+    return cast(Instruction*, &invalidinstruction);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a OP_LOADNIL instruction, but try to optimize: if the previous
+** instruction is also OP_LOADNIL and ranges are compatible, adjust
+** range of previous instruction instead of emitting a new one. (For
+** instance, 'local a; local b' will generate a single opcode.)
+*/
+void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n) {
+  int l = from + n - 1;  /* last register to set nil */
+  Instruction *previous = previousinstruction(fs);
+  if (GET_OPCODE(*previous) == OP_LOADNIL) {  /* previous is LOADNIL? */
+    int pfrom = GETARG_A(*previous);  /* get previous range */
+    int pl = pfrom + GETARG_B(*previous);
+    if ((pfrom <= from && from <= pl + 1) ||
+        (from <= pfrom && pfrom <= l + 1)) {  /* can connect both? */
+      if (pfrom < from) from = pfrom;  /* from = min(from, pfrom) */
+      if (pl > l) l = pl;  /* l = max(l, pl) */
+      SETARG_A(*previous, from);
+      SETARG_B(*previous, l - from);
+      return;
+    }  /* else go through */
+  }
+  luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADNIL, from, n - 1, 0);  /* else no optimization */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Gets the destination address of a jump instruction. Used to traverse
+** a list of jumps.
+*/
+static int getjump (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+  int offset = GETARG_sJ(fs->f->code[pc]);
+  if (offset == NO_JUMP)  /* point to itself represents end of list */
+    return NO_JUMP;  /* end of list */
+  else
+    return (pc+1)+offset;  /* turn offset into absolute position */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix jump instruction at position 'pc' to jump to 'dest'.
+** (Jump addresses are relative in Lua)
+*/
+static void fixjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest) {
+  Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  int offset = dest - (pc + 1);
+  lua_assert(dest != NO_JUMP);
+  if (!(-OFFSET_sJ <= offset && offset <= MAXARG_sJ - OFFSET_sJ))
+    luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+  lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*jmp) == OP_JMP);
+  SETARG_sJ(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Concatenate jump-list 'l2' into jump-list 'l1'
+*/
+void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2) {
+  if (l2 == NO_JUMP) return;  /* nothing to concatenate? */
+  else if (*l1 == NO_JUMP)  /* no original list? */
+    *l1 = l2;  /* 'l1' points to 'l2' */
+  else {
+    int list = *l1;
+    int next;
+    while ((next = getjump(fs, list)) != NO_JUMP)  /* find last element */
+      list = next;
+    fixjump(fs, list, l2);  /* last element links to 'l2' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a jump instruction and return its position, so its destination
+** can be fixed later (with 'fixjump').
+*/
+int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs) {
+  return codesJ(fs, OP_JMP, NO_JUMP, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code a 'return' instruction
+*/
+void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret) {
+  OpCode op;
+  switch (nret) {
+    case 0: op = OP_RETURN0; break;
+    case 1: op = OP_RETURN1; break;
+    default: op = OP_RETURN; break;
+  }
+  luaK_codeABC(fs, op, first, nret + 1, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code a "conditional jump", that is, a test or comparison opcode
+** followed by a jump. Return jump position.
+*/
+static int condjump (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, int A, int B, int C, int k) {
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, op, A, B, C, k);
+  return luaK_jump(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns current 'pc' and marks it as a jump target (to avoid wrong
+** optimizations with consecutive instructions not in the same basic block).
+*/
+int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs) {
+  fs->lasttarget = fs->pc;
+  return fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Returns the position of the instruction "controlling" a given
+** jump (that is, its condition), or the jump itself if it is
+** unconditional.
+*/
+static Instruction *getjumpcontrol (FuncState *fs, int pc) {
+  Instruction *pi = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  if (pc >= 1 && testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*(pi-1))))
+    return pi-1;
+  else
+    return pi;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Patch destination register for a TESTSET instruction.
+** If instruction in position 'node' is not a TESTSET, return 0 ("fails").
+** Otherwise, if 'reg' is not 'NO_REG', set it as the destination
+** register. Otherwise, change instruction to a simple 'TEST' (produces
+** no register value)
+*/
+static int patchtestreg (FuncState *fs, int node, int reg) {
+  Instruction *i = getjumpcontrol(fs, node);
+  if (GET_OPCODE(*i) != OP_TESTSET)
+    return 0;  /* cannot patch other instructions */
+  if (reg != NO_REG && reg != GETARG_B(*i))
+    SETARG_A(*i, reg);
+  else {
+     /* no register to put value or register already has the value;
+        change instruction to simple test */
+    *i = CREATE_ABCk(OP_TEST, GETARG_B(*i), 0, 0, GETARG_k(*i));
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a list of tests ensuring no one produces a value
+*/
+static void removevalues (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+  for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list))
+      patchtestreg(fs, list, NO_REG);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a list of tests, patching their destination address and
+** registers: tests producing values jump to 'vtarget' (and put their
+** values in 'reg'), other tests jump to 'dtarget'.
+*/
+static void patchlistaux (FuncState *fs, int list, int vtarget, int reg,
+                          int dtarget) {
+  while (list != NO_JUMP) {
+    int next = getjump(fs, list);
+    if (patchtestreg(fs, list, reg))
+      fixjump(fs, list, vtarget);
+    else
+      fixjump(fs, list, dtarget);  /* jump to default target */
+    list = next;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Path all jumps in 'list' to jump to 'target'.
+** (The assert means that we cannot fix a jump to a forward address
+** because we only know addresses once code is generated.)
+*/
+void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target) {
+  lua_assert(target <= fs->pc);
+  patchlistaux(fs, list, target, NO_REG, target);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+  int hr = luaK_getlabel(fs);  /* mark "here" as a jump target */
+  luaK_patchlist(fs, list, hr);
+}
+
+
+/* limit for difference between lines in relative line info. */
+#define LIMLINEDIFF	0x80
+
+
+/*
+** Save line info for a new instruction. If difference from last line
+** does not fit in a byte, of after that many instructions, save a new
+** absolute line info; (in that case, the special value 'ABSLINEINFO'
+** in 'lineinfo' signals the existence of this absolute information.)
+** Otherwise, store the difference from last line in 'lineinfo'.
+*/
+static void savelineinfo (FuncState *fs, Proto *f, int line) {
+  int linedif = line - fs->previousline;
+  int pc = fs->pc - 1;  /* last instruction coded */
+  if (abs(linedif) >= LIMLINEDIFF || fs->iwthabs++ >= MAXIWTHABS) {
+    luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->abslineinfo, fs->nabslineinfo,
+                    f->sizeabslineinfo, AbsLineInfo, MAX_INT, "lines");
+    f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo].pc = pc;
+    f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo++].line = line;
+    linedif = ABSLINEINFO;  /* signal that there is absolute information */
+    fs->iwthabs = 1;  /* restart counter */
+  }
+  luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->lineinfo, pc, f->sizelineinfo, ls_byte,
+                  MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+  f->lineinfo[pc] = linedif;
+  fs->previousline = line;  /* last line saved */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Remove line information from the last instruction.
+** If line information for that instruction is absolute, set 'iwthabs'
+** above its max to force the new (replacing) instruction to have
+** absolute line info, too.
+*/
+static void removelastlineinfo (FuncState *fs) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int pc = fs->pc - 1;  /* last instruction coded */
+  if (f->lineinfo[pc] != ABSLINEINFO) {  /* relative line info? */
+    fs->previousline -= f->lineinfo[pc];  /* correct last line saved */
+    fs->iwthabs--;  /* undo previous increment */
+  }
+  else {  /* absolute line information */
+    lua_assert(f->abslineinfo[fs->nabslineinfo - 1].pc == pc);
+    fs->nabslineinfo--;  /* remove it */
+    fs->iwthabs = MAXIWTHABS + 1;  /* force next line info to be absolute */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Remove the last instruction created, correcting line information
+** accordingly.
+*/
+static void removelastinstruction (FuncState *fs) {
+  removelastlineinfo(fs);
+  fs->pc--;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit instruction 'i', checking for array sizes and saving also its
+** line information. Return 'i' position.
+*/
+int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  /* put new instruction in code array */
+  luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->code, fs->pc, f->sizecode, Instruction,
+                  MAX_INT, "opcodes");
+  f->code[fs->pc++] = i;
+  savelineinfo(fs, f, fs->ls->lastline);
+  return fs->pc - 1;  /* index of new instruction */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'iABC' instruction. (Assertions check consistency
+** of parameters versus opcode.)
+*/
+int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b, int c, int k) {
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABC);
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_B &&
+             c <= MAXARG_C && (k & ~1) == 0);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABCk(o, a, b, c, k));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'iABx' instruction.
+*/
+int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, unsigned int bc) {
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iABx);
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && bc <= MAXARG_Bx);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, bc));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'iAsBx' instruction.
+*/
+int luaK_codeAsBx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int bc) {
+  unsigned int b = bc + OFFSET_sBx;
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == iAsBx);
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_A && b <= MAXARG_Bx);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_ABx(o, a, b));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Format and emit an 'isJ' instruction.
+*/
+static int codesJ (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int sj, int k) {
+  unsigned int j = sj + OFFSET_sJ;
+  lua_assert(getOpMode(o) == isJ);
+  lua_assert(j <= MAXARG_sJ && (k & ~1) == 0);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_sJ(o, j, k));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit an "extra argument" instruction (format 'iAx')
+*/
+static int codeextraarg (FuncState *fs, int a) {
+  lua_assert(a <= MAXARG_Ax);
+  return luaK_code(fs, CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, a));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit a "load constant" instruction, using either 'OP_LOADK'
+** (if constant index 'k' fits in 18 bits) or an 'OP_LOADKX'
+** instruction with "extra argument".
+*/
+static int luaK_codek (FuncState *fs, int reg, int k) {
+  if (k <= MAXARG_Bx)
+    return luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADK, reg, k);
+  else {
+    int p = luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_LOADKX, reg, 0);
+    codeextraarg(fs, k);
+    return p;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check register-stack level, keeping track of its maximum size
+** in field 'maxstacksize'
+*/
+void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+  int newstack = fs->freereg + n;
+  if (newstack > fs->f->maxstacksize) {
+    if (newstack >= MAXREGS)
+      luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls,
+        "function or expression needs too many registers");
+    fs->f->maxstacksize = cast_byte(newstack);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Reserve 'n' registers in register stack
+*/
+void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n) {
+  luaK_checkstack(fs, n);
+  fs->freereg += n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free register 'reg', if it is neither a constant index nor
+** a local variable.
+)
+*/
+static void freereg (FuncState *fs, int reg) {
+  if (reg >= luaY_nvarstack(fs)) {
+    fs->freereg--;
+    lua_assert(reg == fs->freereg);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free two registers in proper order
+*/
+static void freeregs (FuncState *fs, int r1, int r2) {
+  if (r1 > r2) {
+    freereg(fs, r1);
+    freereg(fs, r2);
+  }
+  else {
+    freereg(fs, r2);
+    freereg(fs, r1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free register used by expression 'e' (if any)
+*/
+static void freeexp (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k == VNONRELOC)
+    freereg(fs, e->u.info);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free registers used by expressions 'e1' and 'e2' (if any) in proper
+** order.
+*/
+static void freeexps (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  int r1 = (e1->k == VNONRELOC) ? e1->u.info : -1;
+  int r2 = (e2->k == VNONRELOC) ? e2->u.info : -1;
+  freeregs(fs, r1, r2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add constant 'v' to prototype's list of constants (field 'k').
+** Use scanner's table to cache position of constants in constant list
+** and try to reuse constants. Because some values should not be used
+** as keys (nil cannot be a key, integer keys can collapse with float
+** keys), the caller must provide a useful 'key' for indexing the cache.
+** Note that all functions share the same table, so entering or exiting
+** a function can make some indices wrong.
+*/
+static int addk (FuncState *fs, TValue *key, TValue *v) {
+  TValue val;
+  lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  const TValue *idx = luaH_get(fs->ls->h, key);  /* query scanner table */
+  int k, oldsize;
+  if (ttisinteger(idx)) {  /* is there an index there? */
+    k = cast_int(ivalue(idx));
+    /* correct value? (warning: must distinguish floats from integers!) */
+    if (k < fs->nk && ttypetag(&f->k[k]) == ttypetag(v) &&
+                      luaV_rawequalobj(&f->k[k], v))
+      return k;  /* reuse index */
+  }
+  /* constant not found; create a new entry */
+  oldsize = f->sizek;
+  k = fs->nk;
+  /* numerical value does not need GC barrier;
+     table has no metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+  setivalue(&val, k);
+  luaH_finishset(L, fs->ls->h, key, idx, &val);
+  luaM_growvector(L, f->k, k, f->sizek, TValue, MAXARG_Ax, "constants");
+  while (oldsize < f->sizek) setnilvalue(&f->k[oldsize++]);
+  setobj(L, &f->k[k], v);
+  fs->nk++;
+  luaC_barrier(L, f, v);
+  return k;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a string to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int stringK (FuncState *fs, TString *s) {
+  TValue o;
+  setsvalue(fs->ls->L, &o, s);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use string itself as key */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add an integer to list of constants and return its index.
+** Integers use userdata as keys to avoid collision with floats with
+** same value; conversion to 'void*' is used only for hashing, so there
+** are no "precision" problems.
+*/
+static int luaK_intK (FuncState *fs, lua_Integer n) {
+  TValue k, o;
+  setpvalue(&k, cast_voidp(cast_sizet(n)));
+  setivalue(&o, n);
+  return addk(fs, &k, &o);
+}
+
+/*
+** Add a float to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int luaK_numberK (FuncState *fs, lua_Number r) {
+  TValue o;
+  setfltvalue(&o, r);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use number itself as key */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a false to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int boolF (FuncState *fs) {
+  TValue o;
+  setbfvalue(&o);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a true to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int boolT (FuncState *fs) {
+  TValue o;
+  setbtvalue(&o);
+  return addk(fs, &o, &o);  /* use boolean itself as key */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add nil to list of constants and return its index.
+*/
+static int nilK (FuncState *fs) {
+  TValue k, v;
+  setnilvalue(&v);
+  /* cannot use nil as key; instead use table itself to represent nil */
+  sethvalue(fs->ls->L, &k, fs->ls->h);
+  return addk(fs, &k, &v);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'i' can be stored in an 'sC' operand. Equivalent to
+** (0 <= int2sC(i) && int2sC(i) <= MAXARG_C) but without risk of
+** overflows in the hidden addition inside 'int2sC'.
+*/
+static int fitsC (lua_Integer i) {
+  return (l_castS2U(i) + OFFSET_sC <= cast_uint(MAXARG_C));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'i' can be stored in an 'sBx' operand.
+*/
+static int fitsBx (lua_Integer i) {
+  return (-OFFSET_sBx <= i && i <= MAXARG_Bx - OFFSET_sBx);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_int (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Integer i) {
+  if (fitsBx(i))
+    luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_LOADI, reg, cast_int(i));
+  else
+    luaK_codek(fs, reg, luaK_intK(fs, i));
+}
+
+
+static void luaK_float (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Number f) {
+  lua_Integer fi;
+  if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Ieq) && fitsBx(fi))
+    luaK_codeAsBx(fs, OP_LOADF, reg, cast_int(fi));
+  else
+    luaK_codek(fs, reg, luaK_numberK(fs, f));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a constant in 'v' into an expression description 'e'
+*/
+static void const2exp (TValue *v, expdesc *e) {
+  switch (ttypetag(v)) {
+    case LUA_VNUMINT:
+      e->k = VKINT; e->u.ival = ivalue(v);
+      break;
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+      e->k = VKFLT; e->u.nval = fltvalue(v);
+      break;
+    case LUA_VFALSE:
+      e->k = VFALSE;
+      break;
+    case LUA_VTRUE:
+      e->k = VTRUE;
+      break;
+    case LUA_VNIL:
+      e->k = VNIL;
+      break;
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR:  case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+      e->k = VKSTR; e->u.strval = tsvalue(v);
+      break;
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix an expression to return the number of results 'nresults'.
+** 'e' must be a multi-ret expression (function call or vararg).
+*/
+void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults) {
+  Instruction *pc = &getinstruction(fs, e);
+  if (e->k == VCALL)  /* expression is an open function call? */
+    SETARG_C(*pc, nresults + 1);
+  else {
+    lua_assert(e->k == VVARARG);
+    SETARG_C(*pc, nresults + 1);
+    SETARG_A(*pc, fs->freereg);
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a VKSTR to a VK
+*/
+static void str2K (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  lua_assert(e->k == VKSTR);
+  e->u.info = stringK(fs, e->u.strval);
+  e->k = VK;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix an expression to return one result.
+** If expression is not a multi-ret expression (function call or
+** vararg), it already returns one result, so nothing needs to be done.
+** Function calls become VNONRELOC expressions (as its result comes
+** fixed in the base register of the call), while vararg expressions
+** become VRELOC (as OP_VARARG puts its results where it wants).
+** (Calls are created returning one result, so that does not need
+** to be fixed.)
+*/
+void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k == VCALL) {  /* expression is an open function call? */
+    /* already returns 1 value */
+    lua_assert(GETARG_C(getinstruction(fs, e)) == 2);
+    e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* result has fixed position */
+    e->u.info = GETARG_A(getinstruction(fs, e));
+  }
+  else if (e->k == VVARARG) {
+    SETARG_C(getinstruction(fs, e), 2);
+    e->k = VRELOC;  /* can relocate its simple result */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensure that expression 'e' is not a variable (nor a <const>).
+** (Expression still may have jump lists.)
+*/
+void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VCONST: {
+      const2exp(const2val(fs, e), e);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VLOCAL: {  /* already in a register */
+      e->u.info = e->u.var.ridx;
+      e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* becomes a non-relocatable value */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VUPVAL: {  /* move value to some (pending) register */
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXUP: {
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABUP, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXI: {
+      freereg(fs, e->u.ind.t);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETI, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXSTR: {
+      freereg(fs, e->u.ind.t);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETFIELD, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXED: {
+      freeregs(fs, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETTABLE, 0, e->u.ind.t, e->u.ind.idx);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VVARARG: case VCALL: {
+      luaK_setoneret(fs, e);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: break;  /* there is one value available (somewhere) */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensure expression value is in register 'reg', making 'e' a
+** non-relocatable expression.
+** (Expression still may have jump lists.)
+*/
+static void discharge2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VNIL: {
+      luaK_nil(fs, reg, 1);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VFALSE: {
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADFALSE, reg, 0, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VTRUE: {
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_LOADTRUE, reg, 0, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VKSTR: {
+      str2K(fs, e);
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case VK: {
+      luaK_codek(fs, reg, e->u.info);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VKFLT: {
+      luaK_float(fs, reg, e->u.nval);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VKINT: {
+      luaK_int(fs, reg, e->u.ival);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VRELOC: {
+      Instruction *pc = &getinstruction(fs, e);
+      SETARG_A(*pc, reg);  /* instruction will put result in 'reg' */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VNONRELOC: {
+      if (reg != e->u.info)
+        luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, reg, e->u.info, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      lua_assert(e->k == VJMP);
+      return;  /* nothing to do... */
+    }
+  }
+  e->u.info = reg;
+  e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensure expression value is in a register, making 'e' a
+** non-relocatable expression.
+** (Expression still may have jump lists.)
+*/
+static void discharge2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k != VNONRELOC) {  /* no fixed register yet? */
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);  /* get a register */
+    discharge2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg-1);  /* put value there */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int code_loadbool (FuncState *fs, int A, OpCode op) {
+  luaK_getlabel(fs);  /* those instructions may be jump targets */
+  return luaK_codeABC(fs, op, A, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** check whether list has any jump that do not produce a value
+** or produce an inverted value
+*/
+static int need_value (FuncState *fs, int list) {
+  for (; list != NO_JUMP; list = getjump(fs, list)) {
+    Instruction i = *getjumpcontrol(fs, list);
+    if (GET_OPCODE(i) != OP_TESTSET) return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result (which includes results from its
+** jump lists) is in register 'reg'.
+** If expression has jumps, need to patch these jumps either to
+** its final position or to "load" instructions (for those tests
+** that do not produce values).
+*/
+static void exp2reg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int reg) {
+  discharge2reg(fs, e, reg);
+  if (e->k == VJMP)  /* expression itself is a test? */
+    luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, e->u.info);  /* put this jump in 't' list */
+  if (hasjumps(e)) {
+    int final;  /* position after whole expression */
+    int p_f = NO_JUMP;  /* position of an eventual LOAD false */
+    int p_t = NO_JUMP;  /* position of an eventual LOAD true */
+    if (need_value(fs, e->t) || need_value(fs, e->f)) {
+      int fj = (e->k == VJMP) ? NO_JUMP : luaK_jump(fs);
+      p_f = code_loadbool(fs, reg, OP_LFALSESKIP);  /* skip next inst. */
+      p_t = code_loadbool(fs, reg, OP_LOADTRUE);
+      /* jump around these booleans if 'e' is not a test */
+      luaK_patchtohere(fs, fj);
+    }
+    final = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+    patchlistaux(fs, e->f, final, reg, p_f);
+    patchlistaux(fs, e->t, final, reg, p_t);
+  }
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->u.info = reg;
+  e->k = VNONRELOC;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is in next available register.
+*/
+void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  exp2reg(fs, e, fs->freereg - 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is in some (any) register
+** and return that register.
+*/
+int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  if (e->k == VNONRELOC) {  /* expression already has a register? */
+    if (!hasjumps(e))  /* no jumps? */
+      return e->u.info;  /* result is already in a register */
+    if (e->u.info >= luaY_nvarstack(fs)) {  /* reg. is not a local? */
+      exp2reg(fs, e, e->u.info);  /* put final result in it */
+      return e->u.info;
+    }
+    /* else expression has jumps and cannot change its register
+       to hold the jump values, because it is a local variable.
+       Go through to the default case. */
+  }
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e);  /* default: use next available register */
+  return e->u.info;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is either in a register
+** or in an upvalue.
+*/
+void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (e->k != VUPVAL || hasjumps(e))
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is either in a register
+** or it is a constant.
+*/
+void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (hasjumps(e))
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+  else
+    luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to make 'e' a K expression with an index in the range of R/K
+** indices. Return true iff succeeded.
+*/
+static int luaK_exp2K (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (!hasjumps(e)) {
+    int info;
+    switch (e->k) {  /* move constants to 'k' */
+      case VTRUE: info = boolT(fs); break;
+      case VFALSE: info = boolF(fs); break;
+      case VNIL: info = nilK(fs); break;
+      case VKINT: info = luaK_intK(fs, e->u.ival); break;
+      case VKFLT: info = luaK_numberK(fs, e->u.nval); break;
+      case VKSTR: info = stringK(fs, e->u.strval); break;
+      case VK: info = e->u.info; break;
+      default: return 0;  /* not a constant */
+    }
+    if (info <= MAXINDEXRK) {  /* does constant fit in 'argC'? */
+      e->k = VK;  /* make expression a 'K' expression */
+      e->u.info = info;
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  /* else, expression doesn't fit; leave it unchanged */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Ensures final expression result is in a valid R/K index
+** (that is, it is either in a register or in 'k' with an index
+** in the range of R/K indices).
+** Returns 1 iff expression is K.
+*/
+int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  if (luaK_exp2K(fs, e))
+    return 1;
+  else {  /* not a constant in the right range: put it in a register */
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void codeABRK (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int a, int b,
+                      expdesc *ec) {
+  int k = luaK_exp2RK(fs, ec);
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, o, a, b, ec->u.info, k);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generate code to store result of expression 'ex' into variable 'var'.
+*/
+void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *ex) {
+  switch (var->k) {
+    case VLOCAL: {
+      freeexp(fs, ex);
+      exp2reg(fs, ex, var->u.var.ridx);  /* compute 'ex' into proper place */
+      return;
+    }
+    case VUPVAL: {
+      int e = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, ex);
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETUPVAL, e, var->u.info, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXUP: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETTABUP, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXI: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETI, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXSTR: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETFIELD, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VINDEXED: {
+      codeABRK(fs, OP_SETTABLE, var->u.ind.t, var->u.ind.idx, ex);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);  /* invalid var kind to store */
+  }
+  freeexp(fs, ex);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit SELF instruction (convert expression 'e' into 'e:key(e,').
+*/
+void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key) {
+  int ereg;
+  luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);
+  ereg = e->u.info;  /* register where 'e' was placed */
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  e->u.info = fs->freereg;  /* base register for op_self */
+  e->k = VNONRELOC;  /* self expression has a fixed register */
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 2);  /* function and 'self' produced by op_self */
+  codeABRK(fs, OP_SELF, e->u.info, ereg, key);
+  freeexp(fs, key);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Negate condition 'e' (where 'e' is a comparison).
+*/
+static void negatecondition (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  Instruction *pc = getjumpcontrol(fs, e->u.info);
+  lua_assert(testTMode(GET_OPCODE(*pc)) && GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TESTSET &&
+                                           GET_OPCODE(*pc) != OP_TEST);
+  SETARG_k(*pc, (GETARG_k(*pc) ^ 1));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit instruction to jump if 'e' is 'cond' (that is, if 'cond'
+** is true, code will jump if 'e' is true.) Return jump position.
+** Optimize when 'e' is 'not' something, inverting the condition
+** and removing the 'not'.
+*/
+static int jumponcond (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int cond) {
+  if (e->k == VRELOC) {
+    Instruction ie = getinstruction(fs, e);
+    if (GET_OPCODE(ie) == OP_NOT) {
+      removelastinstruction(fs);  /* remove previous OP_NOT */
+      return condjump(fs, OP_TEST, GETARG_B(ie), 0, 0, !cond);
+    }
+    /* else go through */
+  }
+  discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  return condjump(fs, OP_TESTSET, NO_REG, e->u.info, 0, cond);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code to go through if 'e' is true, jump otherwise.
+*/
+void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  int pc;  /* pc of new jump */
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VJMP: {  /* condition? */
+      negatecondition(fs, e);  /* jump when it is false */
+      pc = e->u.info;  /* save jump position */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VK: case VKFLT: case VKINT: case VKSTR: case VTRUE: {
+      pc = NO_JUMP;  /* always true; do nothing */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 0);  /* jump when false */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaK_concat(fs, &e->f, pc);  /* insert new jump in false list */
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->t);  /* true list jumps to here (to go through) */
+  e->t = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code to go through if 'e' is false, jump otherwise.
+*/
+void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  int pc;  /* pc of new jump */
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VJMP: {
+      pc = e->u.info;  /* already jump if true */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+      pc = NO_JUMP;  /* always false; do nothing */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      pc = jumponcond(fs, e, 1);  /* jump if true */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaK_concat(fs, &e->t, pc);  /* insert new jump in 't' list */
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, e->f);  /* false list jumps to here (to go through) */
+  e->f = NO_JUMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code 'not e', doing constant folding.
+*/
+static void codenot (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VNIL: case VFALSE: {
+      e->k = VTRUE;  /* true == not nil == not false */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VK: case VKFLT: case VKINT: case VKSTR: case VTRUE: {
+      e->k = VFALSE;  /* false == not "x" == not 0.5 == not 1 == not true */
+      break;
+    }
+    case VJMP: {
+      negatecondition(fs, e);
+      break;
+    }
+    case VRELOC:
+    case VNONRELOC: {
+      discharge2anyreg(fs, e);
+      freeexp(fs, e);
+      e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NOT, 0, e->u.info, 0);
+      e->k = VRELOC;
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);  /* cannot happen */
+  }
+  /* interchange true and false lists */
+  { int temp = e->f; e->f = e->t; e->t = temp; }
+  removevalues(fs, e->f);  /* values are useless when negated */
+  removevalues(fs, e->t);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a small literal string
+*/
+static int isKstr (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e) {
+  return (e->k == VK && !hasjumps(e) && e->u.info <= MAXARG_B &&
+          ttisshrstring(&fs->f->k[e->u.info]));
+}
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer.
+*/
+int luaK_isKint (expdesc *e) {
+  return (e->k == VKINT && !hasjumps(e));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer in
+** proper range to fit in register C
+*/
+static int isCint (expdesc *e) {
+  return luaK_isKint(e) && (l_castS2U(e->u.ival) <= l_castS2U(MAXARG_C));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer in
+** proper range to fit in register sC
+*/
+static int isSCint (expdesc *e) {
+  return luaK_isKint(e) && fitsC(e->u.ival);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether expression 'e' is a literal integer or float in
+** proper range to fit in a register (sB or sC).
+*/
+static int isSCnumber (expdesc *e, int *pi, int *isfloat) {
+  lua_Integer i;
+  if (e->k == VKINT)
+    i = e->u.ival;
+  else if (e->k == VKFLT && luaV_flttointeger(e->u.nval, &i, F2Ieq))
+    *isfloat = 1;
+  else
+    return 0;  /* not a number */
+  if (!hasjumps(e) && fitsC(i)) {
+    *pi = int2sC(cast_int(i));
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create expression 't[k]'. 't' must have its final result already in a
+** register or upvalue. Upvalues can only be indexed by literal strings.
+** Keys can be literal strings in the constant table or arbitrary
+** values in registers.
+*/
+void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k) {
+  if (k->k == VKSTR)
+    str2K(fs, k);
+  lua_assert(!hasjumps(t) &&
+             (t->k == VLOCAL || t->k == VNONRELOC || t->k == VUPVAL));
+  if (t->k == VUPVAL && !isKstr(fs, k))  /* upvalue indexed by non 'Kstr'? */
+    luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, t);  /* put it in a register */
+  if (t->k == VUPVAL) {
+    t->u.ind.t = t->u.info;  /* upvalue index */
+    t->u.ind.idx = k->u.info;  /* literal string */
+    t->k = VINDEXUP;
+  }
+  else {
+    /* register index of the table */
+    t->u.ind.t = (t->k == VLOCAL) ? t->u.var.ridx: t->u.info;
+    if (isKstr(fs, k)) {
+      t->u.ind.idx = k->u.info;  /* literal string */
+      t->k = VINDEXSTR;
+    }
+    else if (isCint(k)) {
+      t->u.ind.idx = cast_int(k->u.ival);  /* int. constant in proper range */
+      t->k = VINDEXI;
+    }
+    else {
+      t->u.ind.idx = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, k);  /* register */
+      t->k = VINDEXED;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return false if folding can raise an error.
+** Bitwise operations need operands convertible to integers; division
+** operations cannot have 0 as divisor.
+*/
+static int validop (int op, TValue *v1, TValue *v2) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPBAND: case LUA_OPBOR: case LUA_OPBXOR:
+    case LUA_OPSHL: case LUA_OPSHR: case LUA_OPBNOT: {  /* conversion errors */
+      lua_Integer i;
+      return (luaV_tointegerns(v1, &i, LUA_FLOORN2I) &&
+              luaV_tointegerns(v2, &i, LUA_FLOORN2I));
+    }
+    case LUA_OPDIV: case LUA_OPIDIV: case LUA_OPMOD:  /* division by 0 */
+      return (nvalue(v2) != 0);
+    default: return 1;  /* everything else is valid */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to "constant-fold" an operation; return 1 iff successful.
+** (In this case, 'e1' has the final result.)
+*/
+static int constfolding (FuncState *fs, int op, expdesc *e1,
+                                        const expdesc *e2) {
+  TValue v1, v2, res;
+  if (!tonumeral(e1, &v1) || !tonumeral(e2, &v2) || !validop(op, &v1, &v2))
+    return 0;  /* non-numeric operands or not safe to fold */
+  luaO_rawarith(fs->ls->L, op, &v1, &v2, &res);  /* does operation */
+  if (ttisinteger(&res)) {
+    e1->k = VKINT;
+    e1->u.ival = ivalue(&res);
+  }
+  else {  /* folds neither NaN nor 0.0 (to avoid problems with -0.0) */
+    lua_Number n = fltvalue(&res);
+    if (luai_numisnan(n) || n == 0)
+      return 0;
+    e1->k = VKFLT;
+    e1->u.nval = n;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for unary expressions that "produce values"
+** (everything but 'not').
+** Expression to produce final result will be encoded in 'e'.
+*/
+static void codeunexpval (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, expdesc *e, int line) {
+  int r = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e);  /* opcodes operate only on registers */
+  freeexp(fs, e);
+  e->u.info = luaK_codeABC(fs, op, 0, r, 0);  /* generate opcode */
+  e->k = VRELOC;  /* all those operations are relocatable */
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for binary expressions that "produce values"
+** (everything but logical operators 'and'/'or' and comparison
+** operators).
+** Expression to produce final result will be encoded in 'e1'.
+*/
+static void finishbinexpval (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2,
+                             OpCode op, int v2, int flip, int line,
+                             OpCode mmop, TMS event) {
+  int v1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);
+  int pc = luaK_codeABCk(fs, op, 0, v1, v2, 0);
+  freeexps(fs, e1, e2);
+  e1->u.info = pc;
+  e1->k = VRELOC;  /* all those operations are relocatable */
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  luaK_codeABCk(fs, mmop, v1, v2, event, flip);  /* to call metamethod */
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for binary expressions that "produce values" over
+** two registers.
+*/
+static void codebinexpval (FuncState *fs, OpCode op,
+                           expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  int v2 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);  /* both operands are in registers */
+  lua_assert(OP_ADD <= op && op <= OP_SHR);
+  finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, v2, 0, line, OP_MMBIN,
+                  cast(TMS, (op - OP_ADD) + TM_ADD));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code binary operators with immediate operands.
+*/
+static void codebini (FuncState *fs, OpCode op,
+                       expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int flip, int line,
+                       TMS event) {
+  int v2 = int2sC(cast_int(e2->u.ival));  /* immediate operand */
+  lua_assert(e2->k == VKINT);
+  finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, v2, flip, line, OP_MMBINI, event);
+}
+
+
+/* Try to code a binary operator negating its second operand.
+** For the metamethod, 2nd operand must keep its original value.
+*/
+static int finishbinexpneg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2,
+                             OpCode op, int line, TMS event) {
+  if (!luaK_isKint(e2))
+    return 0;  /* not an integer constant */
+  else {
+    lua_Integer i2 = e2->u.ival;
+    if (!(fitsC(i2) && fitsC(-i2)))
+      return 0;  /* not in the proper range */
+    else {  /* operating a small integer constant */
+      int v2 = cast_int(i2);
+      finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, int2sC(-v2), 0, line, OP_MMBINI, event);
+      /* correct metamethod argument */
+      SETARG_B(fs->f->code[fs->pc - 1], int2sC(v2));
+      return 1;  /* successfully coded */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void swapexps (expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  expdesc temp = *e1; *e1 = *e2; *e2 = temp;  /* swap 'e1' and 'e2' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code arithmetic operators ('+', '-', ...). If second operand is a
+** constant in the proper range, use variant opcodes with K operands.
+*/
+static void codearith (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                       expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int flip, int line) {
+  TMS event = cast(TMS, opr + TM_ADD);
+  if (tonumeral(e2, NULL) && luaK_exp2K(fs, e2)) {  /* K operand? */
+    int v2 = e2->u.info;  /* K index */
+    OpCode op = cast(OpCode, opr + OP_ADDK);
+    finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, v2, flip, line, OP_MMBINK, event);
+  }
+  else {  /* 'e2' is neither an immediate nor a K operand */
+    OpCode op = cast(OpCode, opr + OP_ADD);
+    if (flip)
+      swapexps(e1, e2);  /* back to original order */
+    codebinexpval(fs, op, e1, e2, line);  /* use standard operators */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code commutative operators ('+', '*'). If first operand is a
+** numeric constant, change order of operands to try to use an
+** immediate or K operator.
+*/
+static void codecommutative (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op,
+                             expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  int flip = 0;
+  if (tonumeral(e1, NULL)) {  /* is first operand a numeric constant? */
+    swapexps(e1, e2);  /* change order */
+    flip = 1;
+  }
+  if (op == OPR_ADD && isSCint(e2))  /* immediate operand? */
+    codebini(fs, cast(OpCode, OP_ADDI), e1, e2, flip, line, TM_ADD);
+  else
+    codearith(fs, op, e1, e2, flip, line);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Code bitwise operations; they are all associative, so the function
+** tries to put an integer constant as the 2nd operand (a K operand).
+*/
+static void codebitwise (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                         expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  int flip = 0;
+  int v2;
+  OpCode op;
+  if (e1->k == VKINT && luaK_exp2RK(fs, e1)) {
+    swapexps(e1, e2);  /* 'e2' will be the constant operand */
+    flip = 1;
+  }
+  else if (!(e2->k == VKINT && luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2))) {  /* no constants? */
+    op = cast(OpCode, opr + OP_ADD);
+    codebinexpval(fs, op, e1, e2, line);  /* all-register opcodes */
+    return;
+  }
+  v2 = e2->u.info;  /* index in K array */
+  op = cast(OpCode, opr + OP_ADDK);
+  lua_assert(ttisinteger(&fs->f->k[v2]));
+  finishbinexpval(fs, e1, e2, op, v2, flip, line, OP_MMBINK,
+                  cast(TMS, opr + TM_ADD));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for order comparisons. When using an immediate operand,
+** 'isfloat' tells whether the original value was a float.
+*/
+static void codeorder (FuncState *fs, OpCode op, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  int r1, r2;
+  int im;
+  int isfloat = 0;
+  if (isSCnumber(e2, &im, &isfloat)) {
+    /* use immediate operand */
+    r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);
+    r2 = im;
+    op = cast(OpCode, (op - OP_LT) + OP_LTI);
+  }
+  else if (isSCnumber(e1, &im, &isfloat)) {
+    /* transform (A < B) to (B > A) and (A <= B) to (B >= A) */
+    r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);
+    r2 = im;
+    op = (op == OP_LT) ? OP_GTI : OP_GEI;
+  }
+  else {  /* regular case, compare two registers */
+    r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);
+    r2 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);
+  }
+  freeexps(fs, e1, e2);
+  e1->u.info = condjump(fs, op, r1, r2, isfloat, 1);
+  e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit code for equality comparisons ('==', '~=').
+** 'e1' was already put as RK by 'luaK_infix'.
+*/
+static void codeeq (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2) {
+  int r1, r2;
+  int im;
+  int isfloat = 0;  /* not needed here, but kept for symmetry */
+  OpCode op;
+  if (e1->k != VNONRELOC) {
+    lua_assert(e1->k == VK || e1->k == VKINT || e1->k == VKFLT);
+    swapexps(e1, e2);
+  }
+  r1 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e1);  /* 1st expression must be in register */
+  if (isSCnumber(e2, &im, &isfloat)) {
+    op = OP_EQI;
+    r2 = im;  /* immediate operand */
+  }
+  else if (luaK_exp2RK(fs, e2)) {  /* 1st expression is constant? */
+    op = OP_EQK;
+    r2 = e2->u.info;  /* constant index */
+  }
+  else {
+    op = OP_EQ;  /* will compare two registers */
+    r2 = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, e2);
+  }
+  freeexps(fs, e1, e2);
+  e1->u.info = condjump(fs, op, r1, r2, isfloat, (opr == OPR_EQ));
+  e1->k = VJMP;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Apply prefix operation 'op' to expression 'e'.
+*/
+void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *e, int line) {
+  static const expdesc ef = {VKINT, {0}, NO_JUMP, NO_JUMP};
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e);
+  switch (op) {
+    case OPR_MINUS: case OPR_BNOT:  /* use 'ef' as fake 2nd operand */
+      if (constfolding(fs, op + LUA_OPUNM, e, &ef))
+        break;
+      /* else */ /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case OPR_LEN:
+      codeunexpval(fs, cast(OpCode, op + OP_UNM), e, line);
+      break;
+    case OPR_NOT: codenot(fs, e); break;
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Process 1st operand 'v' of binary operation 'op' before reading
+** 2nd operand.
+*/
+void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, v);
+  switch (op) {
+    case OPR_AND: {
+      luaK_goiftrue(fs, v);  /* go ahead only if 'v' is true */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_OR: {
+      luaK_goiffalse(fs, v);  /* go ahead only if 'v' is false */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_CONCAT: {
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);  /* operand must be on the stack */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_ADD: case OPR_SUB:
+    case OPR_MUL: case OPR_DIV: case OPR_IDIV:
+    case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW:
+    case OPR_BAND: case OPR_BOR: case OPR_BXOR:
+    case OPR_SHL: case OPR_SHR: {
+      if (!tonumeral(v, NULL))
+        luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+      /* else keep numeral, which may be folded with 2nd operand */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_EQ: case OPR_NE: {
+      if (!tonumeral(v, NULL))
+        luaK_exp2RK(fs, v);
+      /* else keep numeral, which may be an immediate operand */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_LT: case OPR_LE:
+    case OPR_GT: case OPR_GE: {
+      int dummy, dummy2;
+      if (!isSCnumber(v, &dummy, &dummy2))
+        luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, v);
+      /* else keep numeral, which may be an immediate operand */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Create code for '(e1 .. e2)'.
+** For '(e1 .. e2.1 .. e2.2)' (which is '(e1 .. (e2.1 .. e2.2))',
+** because concatenation is right associative), merge both CONCATs.
+*/
+static void codeconcat (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  Instruction *ie2 = previousinstruction(fs);
+  if (GET_OPCODE(*ie2) == OP_CONCAT) {  /* is 'e2' a concatenation? */
+    int n = GETARG_B(*ie2);  /* # of elements concatenated in 'e2' */
+    lua_assert(e1->u.info + 1 == GETARG_A(*ie2));
+    freeexp(fs, e2);
+    SETARG_A(*ie2, e1->u.info);  /* correct first element ('e1') */
+    SETARG_B(*ie2, n + 1);  /* will concatenate one more element */
+  }
+  else {  /* 'e2' is not a concatenation */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CONCAT, e1->u.info, 2, 0);  /* new concat opcode */
+    freeexp(fs, e2);
+    luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finalize code for binary operation, after reading 2nd operand.
+*/
+void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr opr,
+                  expdesc *e1, expdesc *e2, int line) {
+  luaK_dischargevars(fs, e2);
+  if (foldbinop(opr) && constfolding(fs, opr + LUA_OPADD, e1, e2))
+    return;  /* done by folding */
+  switch (opr) {
+    case OPR_AND: {
+      lua_assert(e1->t == NO_JUMP);  /* list closed by 'luaK_infix' */
+      luaK_concat(fs, &e2->f, e1->f);
+      *e1 = *e2;
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_OR: {
+      lua_assert(e1->f == NO_JUMP);  /* list closed by 'luaK_infix' */
+      luaK_concat(fs, &e2->t, e1->t);
+      *e1 = *e2;
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_CONCAT: {  /* e1 .. e2 */
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e2);
+      codeconcat(fs, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_ADD: case OPR_MUL: {
+      codecommutative(fs, opr, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_SUB: {
+      if (finishbinexpneg(fs, e1, e2, OP_ADDI, line, TM_SUB))
+        break; /* coded as (r1 + -I) */
+      /* ELSE */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case OPR_DIV: case OPR_IDIV: case OPR_MOD: case OPR_POW: {
+      codearith(fs, opr, e1, e2, 0, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_BAND: case OPR_BOR: case OPR_BXOR: {
+      codebitwise(fs, opr, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_SHL: {
+      if (isSCint(e1)) {
+        swapexps(e1, e2);
+        codebini(fs, OP_SHLI, e1, e2, 1, line, TM_SHL);  /* I << r2 */
+      }
+      else if (finishbinexpneg(fs, e1, e2, OP_SHRI, line, TM_SHL)) {
+        /* coded as (r1 >> -I) */;
+      }
+      else  /* regular case (two registers) */
+       codebinexpval(fs, OP_SHL, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_SHR: {
+      if (isSCint(e2))
+        codebini(fs, OP_SHRI, e1, e2, 0, line, TM_SHR);  /* r1 >> I */
+      else  /* regular case (two registers) */
+        codebinexpval(fs, OP_SHR, e1, e2, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_EQ: case OPR_NE: {
+      codeeq(fs, opr, e1, e2);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_LT: case OPR_LE: {
+      OpCode op = cast(OpCode, (opr - OPR_EQ) + OP_EQ);
+      codeorder(fs, op, e1, e2);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OPR_GT: case OPR_GE: {
+      /* '(a > b)' <=> '(b < a)';  '(a >= b)' <=> '(b <= a)' */
+      OpCode op = cast(OpCode, (opr - OPR_NE) + OP_EQ);
+      swapexps(e1, e2);
+      codeorder(fs, op, e1, e2);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Change line information associated with current position, by removing
+** previous info and adding it again with new line.
+*/
+void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line) {
+  removelastlineinfo(fs);
+  savelineinfo(fs, fs->f, line);
+}
+
+
+void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc, int ra, int asize, int hsize) {
+  Instruction *inst = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  int rb = (hsize != 0) ? luaO_ceillog2(hsize) + 1 : 0;  /* hash size */
+  int extra = asize / (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* higher bits of array size */
+  int rc = asize % (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* lower bits of array size */
+  int k = (extra > 0);  /* true iff needs extra argument */
+  *inst = CREATE_ABCk(OP_NEWTABLE, ra, rb, rc, k);
+  *(inst + 1) = CREATE_Ax(OP_EXTRAARG, extra);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Emit a SETLIST instruction.
+** 'base' is register that keeps table;
+** 'nelems' is #table plus those to be stored now;
+** 'tostore' is number of values (in registers 'base + 1',...) to add to
+** table (or LUA_MULTRET to add up to stack top).
+*/
+void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore) {
+  lua_assert(tostore != 0 && tostore <= LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH);
+  if (tostore == LUA_MULTRET)
+    tostore = 0;
+  if (nelems <= MAXARG_C)
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems);
+  else {
+    int extra = nelems / (MAXARG_C + 1);
+    nelems %= (MAXARG_C + 1);
+    luaK_codeABCk(fs, OP_SETLIST, base, tostore, nelems, 1);
+    codeextraarg(fs, extra);
+  }
+  fs->freereg = base + 1;  /* free registers with list values */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** return the final target of a jump (skipping jumps to jumps)
+*/
+static int finaltarget (Instruction *code, int i) {
+  int count;
+  for (count = 0; count < 100; count++) {  /* avoid infinite loops */
+    Instruction pc = code[i];
+    if (GET_OPCODE(pc) != OP_JMP)
+      break;
+     else
+       i += GETARG_sJ(pc) + 1;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do a final pass over the code of a function, doing small peephole
+** optimizations and adjustments.
+*/
+void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs) {
+  int i;
+  Proto *p = fs->f;
+  for (i = 0; i < fs->pc; i++) {
+    Instruction *pc = &p->code[i];
+    lua_assert(i == 0 || isOT(*(pc - 1)) == isIT(*pc));
+    switch (GET_OPCODE(*pc)) {
+      case OP_RETURN0: case OP_RETURN1: {
+        if (!(fs->needclose || p->is_vararg))
+          break;  /* no extra work */
+        /* else use OP_RETURN to do the extra work */
+        SET_OPCODE(*pc, OP_RETURN);
+      }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case OP_RETURN: case OP_TAILCALL: {
+        if (fs->needclose)
+          SETARG_k(*pc, 1);  /* signal that it needs to close */
+        if (p->is_vararg)
+          SETARG_C(*pc, p->numparams + 1);  /* signal that it is vararg */
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_JMP: {
+        int target = finaltarget(p->code, i);
+        fixjump(fs, i, target);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: break;
+    }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lcode.h b/external/lua/src/lcode.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3265824
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lcode.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcode.h $
+** Code generator for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lcode_h
+#define lcode_h
+
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Marks the end of a patch list. It is an invalid value both as an absolute
+** address, and as a list link (would link an element to itself).
+*/
+#define NO_JUMP (-1)
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OPR" if you change these enums  (ORDER OP)
+*/
+typedef enum BinOpr {
+  /* arithmetic operators */
+  OPR_ADD, OPR_SUB, OPR_MUL, OPR_MOD, OPR_POW,
+  OPR_DIV, OPR_IDIV,
+  /* bitwise operators */
+  OPR_BAND, OPR_BOR, OPR_BXOR,
+  OPR_SHL, OPR_SHR,
+  /* string operator */
+  OPR_CONCAT,
+  /* comparison operators */
+  OPR_EQ, OPR_LT, OPR_LE,
+  OPR_NE, OPR_GT, OPR_GE,
+  /* logical operators */
+  OPR_AND, OPR_OR,
+  OPR_NOBINOPR
+} BinOpr;
+
+
+/* true if operation is foldable (that is, it is arithmetic or bitwise) */
+#define foldbinop(op)	((op) <= OPR_SHR)
+
+
+#define luaK_codeABC(fs,o,a,b,c)	luaK_codeABCk(fs,o,a,b,c,0)
+
+
+typedef enum UnOpr { OPR_MINUS, OPR_BNOT, OPR_NOT, OPR_LEN, OPR_NOUNOPR } UnOpr;
+
+
+/* get (pointer to) instruction of given 'expdesc' */
+#define getinstruction(fs,e)	((fs)->f->code[(e)->u.info])
+
+
+#define luaK_setmultret(fs,e)	luaK_setreturns(fs, e, LUA_MULTRET)
+
+#define luaK_jumpto(fs,t)	luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), t)
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_code (FuncState *fs, Instruction i);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, unsigned int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeAsBx (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A, int Bx);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_codeABCk (FuncState *fs, OpCode o, int A,
+                                            int B, int C, int k);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_isKint (expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2const (FuncState *fs, const expdesc *e, TValue *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_fixline (FuncState *fs, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_nil (FuncState *fs, int from, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_reserveregs (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_checkstack (FuncState *fs, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_int (FuncState *fs, int reg, lua_Integer n);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_dischargevars (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2anyreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2anyregup (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2nextreg (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_exp2val (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_exp2RK (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_self (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, expdesc *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_indexed (FuncState *fs, expdesc *t, expdesc *k);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiftrue (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_goiffalse (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_storevar (FuncState *fs, expdesc *var, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setreturns (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int nresults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setoneret (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_jump (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_ret (FuncState *fs, int first, int nret);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchlist (FuncState *fs, int list, int target);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_patchtohere (FuncState *fs, int list);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_concat (FuncState *fs, int *l1, int l2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaK_getlabel (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_prefix (FuncState *fs, UnOpr op, expdesc *v, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_infix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_posfix (FuncState *fs, BinOpr op, expdesc *v1,
+                            expdesc *v2, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_settablesize (FuncState *fs, int pc,
+                                  int ra, int asize, int hsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_setlist (FuncState *fs, int base, int nelems, int tostore);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaK_finish (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaK_semerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lcorolib.c b/external/lua/src/lcorolib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fedbebe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lcorolib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lcorolib.c $
+** Coroutine Library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lcorolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+static lua_State *getco (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, 1);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, co, 1, "thread");
+  return co;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resumes a coroutine. Returns the number of results for non-error
+** cases or -1 for errors.
+*/
+static int auxresume (lua_State *L, lua_State *co, int narg) {
+  int status, nres;
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(co, narg))) {
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "too many arguments to resume");
+    return -1;  /* error flag */
+  }
+  lua_xmove(L, co, narg);
+  status = lua_resume(co, L, narg, &nres);
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK || status == LUA_YIELD)) {
+    if (l_unlikely(!lua_checkstack(L, nres + 1))) {
+      lua_pop(co, nres);  /* remove results anyway */
+      lua_pushliteral(L, "too many results to resume");
+      return -1;  /* error flag */
+    }
+    lua_xmove(co, L, nres);  /* move yielded values */
+    return nres;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* move error message */
+    return -1;  /* error flag */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_coresume (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  int r;
+  r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L) - 1);
+  if (l_unlikely(r < 0)) {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    return 2;  /* return false + error message */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    lua_insert(L, -(r + 1));
+    return r + 1;  /* return true + 'resume' returns */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_auxwrap (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = lua_tothread(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  int r = auxresume(L, co, lua_gettop(L));
+  if (l_unlikely(r < 0)) {  /* error? */
+    int stat = lua_status(co);
+    if (stat != LUA_OK && stat != LUA_YIELD) {  /* error in the coroutine? */
+      stat = lua_resetthread(co);  /* close its tbc variables */
+      lua_assert(stat != LUA_OK);
+      lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* copy error message */
+    }
+    if (stat != LUA_ERRMEM &&  /* not a memory error and ... */
+        lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING) {  /* ... error object is a string? */
+      luaL_where(L, 1);  /* add extra info, if available */
+      lua_insert(L, -2);
+      lua_concat(L, 2);
+    }
+    return lua_error(L);  /* propagate error */
+  }
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cocreate (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *NL;
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+  NL = lua_newthread(L);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* move function to top */
+  lua_xmove(L, NL, 1);  /* move function from L to NL */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_cowrap (lua_State *L) {
+  luaB_cocreate(L);
+  lua_pushcclosure(L, luaB_auxwrap, 1);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yield (lua_State *L) {
+  return lua_yield(L, lua_gettop(L));
+}
+
+
+#define COS_RUN		0
+#define COS_DEAD	1
+#define COS_YIELD	2
+#define COS_NORM	3
+
+
+static const char *const statname[] =
+  {"running", "dead", "suspended", "normal"};
+
+
+static int auxstatus (lua_State *L, lua_State *co) {
+  if (L == co) return COS_RUN;
+  else {
+    switch (lua_status(co)) {
+      case LUA_YIELD:
+        return COS_YIELD;
+      case LUA_OK: {
+        lua_Debug ar;
+        if (lua_getstack(co, 0, &ar))  /* does it have frames? */
+          return COS_NORM;  /* it is running */
+        else if (lua_gettop(co) == 0)
+            return COS_DEAD;
+        else
+          return COS_YIELD;  /* initial state */
+      }
+      default:  /* some error occurred */
+        return COS_DEAD;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_costatus (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  lua_pushstring(L, statname[auxstatus(L, co)]);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_yieldable (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = lua_isnone(L, 1) ? L : getco(L);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, lua_isyieldable(co));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_corunning (lua_State *L) {
+  int ismain = lua_pushthread(L);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, ismain);
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int luaB_close (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_State *co = getco(L);
+  int status = auxstatus(L, co);
+  switch (status) {
+    case COS_DEAD: case COS_YIELD: {
+      status = lua_resetthread(co);
+      if (status == LUA_OK) {
+        lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else {
+        lua_pushboolean(L, 0);
+        lua_xmove(co, L, 1);  /* copy error message */
+        return 2;
+      }
+    }
+    default:  /* normal or running coroutine */
+      return luaL_error(L, "cannot close a %s coroutine", statname[status]);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg co_funcs[] = {
+  {"create", luaB_cocreate},
+  {"resume", luaB_coresume},
+  {"running", luaB_corunning},
+  {"status", luaB_costatus},
+  {"wrap", luaB_cowrap},
+  {"yield", luaB_yield},
+  {"isyieldable", luaB_yieldable},
+  {"close", luaB_close},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_coroutine (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, co_funcs);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lctype.c b/external/lua/src/lctype.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9542280
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lctype.c
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.c $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lctype_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE	/* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+
+#if defined (LUA_UCID)		/* accept UniCode IDentifiers? */
+/* consider all non-ascii codepoints to be alphabetic */
+#define NONA		0x01
+#else
+#define NONA		0x00	/* default */
+#endif
+
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2] = {
+  0x00,  /* EOZ */
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* 0. */
+  0x00,  0x08,  0x08,  0x08,  0x08,  0x08,  0x00,  0x00,
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* 1. */
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,
+  0x0c,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,	/* 2. */
+  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,
+  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,  0x16,	/* 3. */
+  0x16,  0x16,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,
+  0x04,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x05,	/* 4. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,	/* 5. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x05,
+  0x04,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x15,  0x05,	/* 6. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,	/* 7. */
+  0x05,  0x05,  0x05,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x04,  0x00,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* 8. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* 9. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* a. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* b. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  0x00,  0x00,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* c. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* d. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,	/* e. */
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,
+  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  NONA,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,	/* f. */
+  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00,  0x00
+};
+
+#endif			/* } */
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lctype.h b/external/lua/src/lctype.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..864e190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lctype.h
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lctype.h $
+** 'ctype' functions for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lctype_h
+#define lctype_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** WARNING: the functions defined here do not necessarily correspond
+** to the similar functions in the standard C ctype.h. They are
+** optimized for the specific needs of Lua.
+*/
+
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_CTYPE)
+
+#if 'A' == 65 && '0' == 48
+/* ASCII case: can use its own tables; faster and fixed */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE	0
+#else
+/* must use standard C ctype */
+#define LUA_USE_CTYPE	1
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if !LUA_USE_CTYPE	/* { */
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+#define ALPHABIT	0
+#define DIGITBIT	1
+#define PRINTBIT	2
+#define SPACEBIT	3
+#define XDIGITBIT	4
+
+
+#define MASK(B)		(1 << (B))
+
+
+/*
+** add 1 to char to allow index -1 (EOZ)
+*/
+#define testprop(c,p)	(luai_ctype_[(c)+1] & (p))
+
+/*
+** 'lalpha' (Lua alphabetic) and 'lalnum' (Lua alphanumeric) both include '_'
+*/
+#define lislalpha(c)	testprop(c, MASK(ALPHABIT))
+#define lislalnum(c)	testprop(c, (MASK(ALPHABIT) | MASK(DIGITBIT)))
+#define lisdigit(c)	testprop(c, MASK(DIGITBIT))
+#define lisspace(c)	testprop(c, MASK(SPACEBIT))
+#define lisprint(c)	testprop(c, MASK(PRINTBIT))
+#define lisxdigit(c)	testprop(c, MASK(XDIGITBIT))
+
+
+/*
+** In ASCII, this 'ltolower' is correct for alphabetic characters and
+** for '.'. That is enough for Lua needs. ('check_exp' ensures that
+** the character either is an upper-case letter or is unchanged by
+** the transformation, which holds for lower-case letters and '.'.)
+*/
+#define ltolower(c)  \
+  check_exp(('A' <= (c) && (c) <= 'Z') || (c) == ((c) | ('A' ^ 'a')),  \
+            (c) | ('A' ^ 'a'))
+
+
+/* one entry for each character and for -1 (EOZ) */
+LUAI_DDEC(const lu_byte luai_ctype_[UCHAR_MAX + 2];)
+
+
+#else			/* }{ */
+
+/*
+** use standard C ctypes
+*/
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+
+
+#define lislalpha(c)	(isalpha(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lislalnum(c)	(isalnum(c) || (c) == '_')
+#define lisdigit(c)	(isdigit(c))
+#define lisspace(c)	(isspace(c))
+#define lisprint(c)	(isprint(c))
+#define lisxdigit(c)	(isxdigit(c))
+
+#define ltolower(c)	(tolower(c))
+
+#endif			/* } */
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ldblib.c b/external/lua/src/ldblib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6dcbaa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ldblib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldblib.c $
+** Interface from Lua to its debug API
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldblib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** The hook table at registry[HOOKKEY] maps threads to their current
+** hook function.
+*/
+static const char *const HOOKKEY = "_HOOKKEY";
+
+
+/*
+** If L1 != L, L1 can be in any state, and therefore there are no
+** guarantees about its stack space; any push in L1 must be
+** checked.
+*/
+static void checkstack (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, int n) {
+  if (l_unlikely(L != L1 && !lua_checkstack(L1, n)))
+    luaL_error(L, "stack overflow");
+}
+
+
+static int db_getregistry (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushvalue(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  if (!lua_getmetatable(L, 1)) {
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* no metatable */
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  int t = lua_type(L, 2);
+  luaL_argexpected(L, t == LUA_TNIL || t == LUA_TTABLE, 2, "nil or table");
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  lua_setmetatable(L, 1);
+  return 1;  /* return 1st argument */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getuservalue (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) != LUA_TUSERDATA)
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  else if (lua_getiuservalue(L, 1, n) != LUA_TNONE) {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);
+    return 2;
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setuservalue (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TUSERDATA);
+  luaL_checkany(L, 2);
+  lua_settop(L, 2);
+  if (!lua_setiuservalue(L, 1, n))
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function used by several library functions: check for
+** an optional thread as function's first argument and set 'arg' with
+** 1 if this argument is present (so that functions can skip it to
+** access their other arguments)
+*/
+static lua_State *getthread (lua_State *L, int *arg) {
+  if (lua_isthread(L, 1)) {
+    *arg = 1;
+    return lua_tothread(L, 1);
+  }
+  else {
+    *arg = 0;
+    return L;  /* function will operate over current thread */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Variations of 'lua_settable', used by 'db_getinfo' to put results
+** from 'lua_getinfo' into result table. Key is always a string;
+** value can be a string, an int, or a boolean.
+*/
+static void settabss (lua_State *L, const char *k, const char *v) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+static void settabsi (lua_State *L, const char *k, int v) {
+  lua_pushinteger(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+static void settabsb (lua_State *L, const char *k, int v) {
+  lua_pushboolean(L, v);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, k);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In function 'db_getinfo', the call to 'lua_getinfo' may push
+** results on the stack; later it creates the result table to put
+** these objects. Function 'treatstackoption' puts the result from
+** 'lua_getinfo' on top of the result table so that it can call
+** 'lua_setfield'.
+*/
+static void treatstackoption (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1, const char *fname) {
+  if (L == L1)
+    lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* exchange object and table */
+  else
+    lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* move object to the "main" stack */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);  /* put object into table */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls 'lua_getinfo' and collects all results in a new table.
+** L1 needs stack space for an optional input (function) plus
+** two optional outputs (function and line table) from function
+** 'lua_getinfo'.
+*/
+static int db_getinfo (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  const char *options = luaL_optstring(L, arg+2, "flnSrtu");
+  checkstack(L, L1, 3);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, options[0] != '>', arg + 2, "invalid option '>'");
+  if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) {  /* info about a function? */
+    options = lua_pushfstring(L, ">%s", options);  /* add '>' to 'options' */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* move function to 'L1' stack */
+    lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+  }
+  else {  /* stack level */
+    if (!lua_getstack(L1, (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1), &ar)) {
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* level out of range */
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  if (!lua_getinfo(L1, options, &ar))
+    return luaL_argerror(L, arg+2, "invalid option");
+  lua_newtable(L);  /* table to collect results */
+  if (strchr(options, 'S')) {
+    lua_pushlstring(L, ar.source, ar.srclen);
+    lua_setfield(L, -2, "source");
+    settabss(L, "short_src", ar.short_src);
+    settabsi(L, "linedefined", ar.linedefined);
+    settabsi(L, "lastlinedefined", ar.lastlinedefined);
+    settabss(L, "what", ar.what);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 'l'))
+    settabsi(L, "currentline", ar.currentline);
+  if (strchr(options, 'u')) {
+    settabsi(L, "nups", ar.nups);
+    settabsi(L, "nparams", ar.nparams);
+    settabsb(L, "isvararg", ar.isvararg);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 'n')) {
+    settabss(L, "name", ar.name);
+    settabss(L, "namewhat", ar.namewhat);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 'r')) {
+    settabsi(L, "ftransfer", ar.ftransfer);
+    settabsi(L, "ntransfer", ar.ntransfer);
+  }
+  if (strchr(options, 't'))
+    settabsb(L, "istailcall", ar.istailcall);
+  if (strchr(options, 'L'))
+    treatstackoption(L, L1, "activelines");
+  if (strchr(options, 'f'))
+    treatstackoption(L, L1, "func");
+  return 1;  /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int db_getlocal (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  int nvar = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 2);  /* local-variable index */
+  if (lua_isfunction(L, arg + 1)) {  /* function argument? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* push function */
+    lua_pushstring(L, lua_getlocal(L, NULL, nvar));  /* push local name */
+    return 1;  /* return only name (there is no value) */
+  }
+  else {  /* stack-level argument */
+    lua_Debug ar;
+    const char *name;
+    int level = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1);
+    if (l_unlikely(!lua_getstack(L1, level, &ar)))  /* out of range? */
+      return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+    checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+    name = lua_getlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);
+    if (name) {
+      lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* move local value */
+      lua_pushstring(L, name);  /* push name */
+      lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* re-order */
+      return 2;
+    }
+    else {
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* no name (nor value) */
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int db_setlocal (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  const char *name;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  lua_Debug ar;
+  int level = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 1);
+  int nvar = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg + 2);
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_getstack(L1, level, &ar)))  /* out of range? */
+    return luaL_argerror(L, arg+1, "level out of range");
+  luaL_checkany(L, arg+3);
+  lua_settop(L, arg+3);
+  checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+  lua_xmove(L, L1, 1);
+  name = lua_setlocal(L1, &ar, nvar);
+  if (name == NULL)
+    lua_pop(L1, 1);  /* pop value (if not popped by 'lua_setlocal') */
+  lua_pushstring(L, name);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** get (if 'get' is true) or set an upvalue from a closure
+*/
+static int auxupvalue (lua_State *L, int get) {
+  const char *name;
+  int n = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);  /* upvalue index */
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* closure */
+  name = get ? lua_getupvalue(L, 1, n) : lua_setupvalue(L, 1, n);
+  if (name == NULL) return 0;
+  lua_pushstring(L, name);
+  lua_insert(L, -(get+1));  /* no-op if get is false */
+  return get + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_getupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+  return auxupvalue(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int db_setupvalue (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_checkany(L, 3);
+  return auxupvalue(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether a given upvalue from a given closure exists and
+** returns its index
+*/
+static void *checkupval (lua_State *L, int argf, int argnup, int *pnup) {
+  void *id;
+  int nup = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, argnup);  /* upvalue index */
+  luaL_checktype(L, argf, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* closure */
+  id = lua_upvalueid(L, argf, nup);
+  if (pnup) {
+    luaL_argcheck(L, id != NULL, argnup, "invalid upvalue index");
+    *pnup = nup;
+  }
+  return id;
+}
+
+
+static int db_upvalueid (lua_State *L) {
+  void *id = checkupval(L, 1, 2, NULL);
+  if (id != NULL)
+    lua_pushlightuserdata(L, id);
+  else
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_upvaluejoin (lua_State *L) {
+  int n1, n2;
+  checkupval(L, 1, 2, &n1);
+  checkupval(L, 3, 4, &n2);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 1), 1, "Lua function expected");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, !lua_iscfunction(L, 3), 3, "Lua function expected");
+  lua_upvaluejoin(L, 1, n1, 3, n2);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call hook function registered at hook table for the current
+** thread (if there is one)
+*/
+static void hookf (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  static const char *const hooknames[] =
+    {"call", "return", "line", "count", "tail call"};
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY);
+  lua_pushthread(L);
+  if (lua_rawget(L, -2) == LUA_TFUNCTION) {  /* is there a hook function? */
+    lua_pushstring(L, hooknames[(int)ar->event]);  /* push event name */
+    if (ar->currentline >= 0)
+      lua_pushinteger(L, ar->currentline);  /* push current line */
+    else lua_pushnil(L);
+    lua_assert(lua_getinfo(L, "lS", ar));
+    lua_call(L, 2, 0);  /* call hook function */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a string mask (for 'sethook') into a bit mask
+*/
+static int makemask (const char *smask, int count) {
+  int mask = 0;
+  if (strchr(smask, 'c')) mask |= LUA_MASKCALL;
+  if (strchr(smask, 'r')) mask |= LUA_MASKRET;
+  if (strchr(smask, 'l')) mask |= LUA_MASKLINE;
+  if (count > 0) mask |= LUA_MASKCOUNT;
+  return mask;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a bit mask (for 'gethook') into a string mask
+*/
+static char *unmakemask (int mask, char *smask) {
+  int i = 0;
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKCALL) smask[i++] = 'c';
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKRET) smask[i++] = 'r';
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) smask[i++] = 'l';
+  smask[i] = '\0';
+  return smask;
+}
+
+
+static int db_sethook (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg, mask, count;
+  lua_Hook func;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, arg+1)) {  /* no hook? */
+    lua_settop(L, arg+1);
+    func = NULL; mask = 0; count = 0;  /* turn off hooks */
+  }
+  else {
+    const char *smask = luaL_checkstring(L, arg+2);
+    luaL_checktype(L, arg+1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+    count = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, arg + 3, 0);
+    func = hookf; mask = makemask(smask, count);
+  }
+  if (!luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY)) {
+    /* table just created; initialize it */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "k");
+    lua_setfield(L, -2, "__mode");  /** hooktable.__mode = "k" */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+    lua_setmetatable(L, -2);  /* metatable(hooktable) = hooktable */
+  }
+  checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+  lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);  /* key (thread) */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* value (hook function) */
+  lua_rawset(L, -3);  /* hooktable[L1] = new Lua hook */
+  lua_sethook(L1, func, mask, count);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int db_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  char buff[5];
+  int mask = lua_gethookmask(L1);
+  lua_Hook hook = lua_gethook(L1);
+  if (hook == NULL) {  /* no hook? */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else if (hook != hookf)  /* external hook? */
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "external hook");
+  else {  /* hook table must exist */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, HOOKKEY);
+    checkstack(L, L1, 1);
+    lua_pushthread(L1); lua_xmove(L1, L, 1);
+    lua_rawget(L, -2);   /* 1st result = hooktable[L1] */
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove hook table */
+  }
+  lua_pushstring(L, unmakemask(mask, buff));  /* 2nd result = mask */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, lua_gethookcount(L1));  /* 3rd result = count */
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+static int db_debug (lua_State *L) {
+  for (;;) {
+    char buffer[250];
+    lua_writestringerror("%s", "lua_debug> ");
+    if (fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), stdin) == NULL ||
+        strcmp(buffer, "cont\n") == 0)
+      return 0;
+    if (luaL_loadbuffer(L, buffer, strlen(buffer), "=(debug command)") ||
+        lua_pcall(L, 0, 0, 0))
+      lua_writestringerror("%s\n", luaL_tolstring(L, -1, NULL));
+    lua_settop(L, 0);  /* remove eventual returns */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int db_traceback (lua_State *L) {
+  int arg;
+  lua_State *L1 = getthread(L, &arg);
+  const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, arg + 1);
+  if (msg == NULL && !lua_isnoneornil(L, arg + 1))  /* non-string 'msg'? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg + 1);  /* return it untouched */
+  else {
+    int level = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, arg + 2, (L == L1) ? 1 : 0);
+    luaL_traceback(L, L1, msg, level);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int db_setcstacklimit (lua_State *L) {
+  int limit = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+  int res = lua_setcstacklimit(L, limit);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg dblib[] = {
+  {"debug", db_debug},
+  {"getuservalue", db_getuservalue},
+  {"gethook", db_gethook},
+  {"getinfo", db_getinfo},
+  {"getlocal", db_getlocal},
+  {"getregistry", db_getregistry},
+  {"getmetatable", db_getmetatable},
+  {"getupvalue", db_getupvalue},
+  {"upvaluejoin", db_upvaluejoin},
+  {"upvalueid", db_upvalueid},
+  {"setuservalue", db_setuservalue},
+  {"sethook", db_sethook},
+  {"setlocal", db_setlocal},
+  {"setmetatable", db_setmetatable},
+  {"setupvalue", db_setupvalue},
+  {"traceback", db_traceback},
+  {"setcstacklimit", db_setcstacklimit},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_debug (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, dblib);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ldebug.c b/external/lua/src/ldebug.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1feaab2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ldebug.c
@@ -0,0 +1,877 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.c $
+** Debug Interface
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldebug_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+
+#define noLuaClosure(f)		((f) == NULL || (f)->c.tt == LUA_VCCL)
+
+
+static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
+                                    const char **name);
+
+
+static int currentpc (CallInfo *ci) {
+  lua_assert(isLua(ci));
+  return pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, ci_func(ci)->p);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get a "base line" to find the line corresponding to an instruction.
+** Base lines are regularly placed at MAXIWTHABS intervals, so usually
+** an integer division gets the right place. When the source file has
+** large sequences of empty/comment lines, it may need extra entries,
+** so the original estimate needs a correction.
+** If the original estimate is -1, the initial 'if' ensures that the
+** 'while' will run at least once.
+** The assertion that the estimate is a lower bound for the correct base
+** is valid as long as the debug info has been generated with the same
+** value for MAXIWTHABS or smaller. (Previous releases use a little
+** smaller value.)
+*/
+static int getbaseline (const Proto *f, int pc, int *basepc) {
+  if (f->sizeabslineinfo == 0 || pc < f->abslineinfo[0].pc) {
+    *basepc = -1;  /* start from the beginning */
+    return f->linedefined;
+  }
+  else {
+    int i = cast_uint(pc) / MAXIWTHABS - 1;  /* get an estimate */
+    /* estimate must be a lower bond of the correct base */
+    lua_assert(i < 0 ||
+              (i < f->sizeabslineinfo && f->abslineinfo[i].pc <= pc));
+    while (i + 1 < f->sizeabslineinfo && pc >= f->abslineinfo[i + 1].pc)
+      i++;  /* low estimate; adjust it */
+    *basepc = f->abslineinfo[i].pc;
+    return f->abslineinfo[i].line;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the line corresponding to instruction 'pc' in function 'f';
+** first gets a base line and from there does the increments until
+** the desired instruction.
+*/
+int luaG_getfuncline (const Proto *f, int pc) {
+  if (f->lineinfo == NULL)  /* no debug information? */
+    return -1;
+  else {
+    int basepc;
+    int baseline = getbaseline(f, pc, &basepc);
+    while (basepc++ < pc) {  /* walk until given instruction */
+      lua_assert(f->lineinfo[basepc] != ABSLINEINFO);
+      baseline += f->lineinfo[basepc];  /* correct line */
+    }
+    return baseline;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int getcurrentline (CallInfo *ci) {
+  return luaG_getfuncline(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set 'trap' for all active Lua frames.
+** This function can be called during a signal, under "reasonable"
+** assumptions. A new 'ci' is completely linked in the list before it
+** becomes part of the "active" list, and we assume that pointers are
+** atomic; see comment in next function.
+** (A compiler doing interprocedural optimizations could, theoretically,
+** reorder memory writes in such a way that the list could be
+** temporarily broken while inserting a new element. We simply assume it
+** has no good reasons to do that.)
+*/
+static void settraps (CallInfo *ci) {
+  for (; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous)
+    if (isLua(ci))
+      ci->u.l.trap = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** This function can be called during a signal, under "reasonable"
+** assumptions.
+** Fields 'basehookcount' and 'hookcount' (set by 'resethookcount')
+** are for debug only, and it is no problem if they get arbitrary
+** values (causes at most one wrong hook call). 'hookmask' is an atomic
+** value. We assume that pointers are atomic too (e.g., gcc ensures that
+** for all platforms where it runs). Moreover, 'hook' is always checked
+** before being called (see 'luaD_hook').
+*/
+LUA_API void lua_sethook (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count) {
+  if (func == NULL || mask == 0) {  /* turn off hooks? */
+    mask = 0;
+    func = NULL;
+  }
+  L->hook = func;
+  L->basehookcount = count;
+  resethookcount(L);
+  L->hookmask = cast_byte(mask);
+  if (mask)
+    settraps(L->ci);  /* to trace inside 'luaV_execute' */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Hook lua_gethook (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->hook;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookmask (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->hookmask;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_gethookcount (lua_State *L) {
+  return L->basehookcount;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getstack (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  int status;
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  if (level < 0) return 0;  /* invalid (negative) level */
+  lua_lock(L);
+  for (ci = L->ci; level > 0 && ci != &L->base_ci; ci = ci->previous)
+    level--;
+  if (level == 0 && ci != &L->base_ci) {  /* level found? */
+    status = 1;
+    ar->i_ci = ci;
+  }
+  else status = 0;  /* no such level */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+static const char *upvalname (const Proto *p, int uv) {
+  TString *s = check_exp(uv < p->sizeupvalues, p->upvalues[uv].name);
+  if (s == NULL) return "?";
+  else return getstr(s);
+}
+
+
+static const char *findvararg (CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) {
+  if (clLvalue(s2v(ci->func))->p->is_vararg) {
+    int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs;
+    if (n >= -nextra) {  /* 'n' is negative */
+      *pos = ci->func - nextra - (n + 1);
+      return "(vararg)";  /* generic name for any vararg */
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* no such vararg */
+}
+
+
+const char *luaG_findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n, StkId *pos) {
+  StkId base = ci->func + 1;
+  const char *name = NULL;
+  if (isLua(ci)) {
+    if (n < 0)  /* access to vararg values? */
+      return findvararg(ci, n, pos);
+    else
+      name = luaF_getlocalname(ci_func(ci)->p, n, currentpc(ci));
+  }
+  if (name == NULL) {  /* no 'standard' name? */
+    StkId limit = (ci == L->ci) ? L->top : ci->next->func;
+    if (limit - base >= n && n > 0) {  /* is 'n' inside 'ci' stack? */
+      /* generic name for any valid slot */
+      name = isLua(ci) ? "(temporary)" : "(C temporary)";
+    }
+    else
+      return NULL;  /* no name */
+  }
+  if (pos)
+    *pos = base + (n - 1);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_getlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+  const char *name;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (ar == NULL) {  /* information about non-active function? */
+    if (!isLfunction(s2v(L->top - 1)))  /* not a Lua function? */
+      name = NULL;
+    else  /* consider live variables at function start (parameters) */
+      name = luaF_getlocalname(clLvalue(s2v(L->top - 1))->p, n, 0);
+  }
+  else {  /* active function; get information through 'ar' */
+    StkId pos = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+    name = luaG_findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+    if (name) {
+      setobjs2s(L, L->top, pos);
+      api_incr_top(L);
+    }
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API const char *lua_setlocal (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n) {
+  StkId pos = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  const char *name;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  name = luaG_findlocal(L, ar->i_ci, n, &pos);
+  if (name) {
+    setobjs2s(L, pos, L->top - 1);
+    L->top--;  /* pop value */
+  }
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+static void funcinfo (lua_Debug *ar, Closure *cl) {
+  if (noLuaClosure(cl)) {
+    ar->source = "=[C]";
+    ar->srclen = LL("=[C]");
+    ar->linedefined = -1;
+    ar->lastlinedefined = -1;
+    ar->what = "C";
+  }
+  else {
+    const Proto *p = cl->l.p;
+    if (p->source) {
+      ar->source = getstr(p->source);
+      ar->srclen = tsslen(p->source);
+    }
+    else {
+      ar->source = "=?";
+      ar->srclen = LL("=?");
+    }
+    ar->linedefined = p->linedefined;
+    ar->lastlinedefined = p->lastlinedefined;
+    ar->what = (ar->linedefined == 0) ? "main" : "Lua";
+  }
+  luaO_chunkid(ar->short_src, ar->source, ar->srclen);
+}
+
+
+static int nextline (const Proto *p, int currentline, int pc) {
+  if (p->lineinfo[pc] != ABSLINEINFO)
+    return currentline + p->lineinfo[pc];
+  else
+    return luaG_getfuncline(p, pc);
+}
+
+
+static void collectvalidlines (lua_State *L, Closure *f) {
+  if (noLuaClosure(f)) {
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L->top));
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  else {
+    int i;
+    TValue v;
+    const Proto *p = f->l.p;
+    int currentline = p->linedefined;
+    Table *t = luaH_new(L);  /* new table to store active lines */
+    sethvalue2s(L, L->top, t);  /* push it on stack */
+    api_incr_top(L);
+    setbtvalue(&v);  /* boolean 'true' to be the value of all indices */
+    for (i = 0; i < p->sizelineinfo; i++) {  /* for all instructions */
+      currentline = nextline(p, currentline, i);  /* get its line */
+      luaH_setint(L, t, currentline, &v);  /* table[line] = true */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *getfuncname (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, const char **name) {
+  if (ci == NULL)  /* no 'ci'? */
+    return NULL;  /* no info */
+  else if (ci->callstatus & CIST_FIN) {  /* is this a finalizer? */
+    *name = "__gc";
+    return "metamethod";  /* report it as such */
+  }
+  /* calling function is a known Lua function? */
+  else if (!(ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL) && isLua(ci->previous))
+    return funcnamefromcode(L, ci->previous, name);
+  else return NULL;  /* no way to find a name */
+}
+
+
+static int auxgetinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar,
+                       Closure *f, CallInfo *ci) {
+  int status = 1;
+  for (; *what; what++) {
+    switch (*what) {
+      case 'S': {
+        funcinfo(ar, f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'l': {
+        ar->currentline = (ci && isLua(ci)) ? getcurrentline(ci) : -1;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'u': {
+        ar->nups = (f == NULL) ? 0 : f->c.nupvalues;
+        if (noLuaClosure(f)) {
+          ar->isvararg = 1;
+          ar->nparams = 0;
+        }
+        else {
+          ar->isvararg = f->l.p->is_vararg;
+          ar->nparams = f->l.p->numparams;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 't': {
+        ar->istailcall = (ci) ? ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL : 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'n': {
+        ar->namewhat = getfuncname(L, ci, &ar->name);
+        if (ar->namewhat == NULL) {
+          ar->namewhat = "";  /* not found */
+          ar->name = NULL;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'r': {
+        if (ci == NULL || !(ci->callstatus & CIST_TRAN))
+          ar->ftransfer = ar->ntransfer = 0;
+        else {
+          ar->ftransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ftransfer;
+          ar->ntransfer = ci->u2.transferinfo.ntransfer;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'L':
+      case 'f':  /* handled by lua_getinfo */
+        break;
+      default: status = 0;  /* invalid option */
+    }
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_getinfo (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  int status;
+  Closure *cl;
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  TValue *func;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (*what == '>') {
+    ci = NULL;
+    func = s2v(L->top - 1);
+    api_check(L, ttisfunction(func), "function expected");
+    what++;  /* skip the '>' */
+    L->top--;  /* pop function */
+  }
+  else {
+    ci = ar->i_ci;
+    func = s2v(ci->func);
+    lua_assert(ttisfunction(func));
+  }
+  cl = ttisclosure(func) ? clvalue(func) : NULL;
+  status = auxgetinfo(L, what, ar, cl, ci);
+  if (strchr(what, 'f')) {
+    setobj2s(L, L->top, func);
+    api_incr_top(L);
+  }
+  if (strchr(what, 'L'))
+    collectvalidlines(L, cl);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Symbolic Execution
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+                               const char **name);
+
+
+/*
+** Find a "name" for the constant 'c'.
+*/
+static void kname (const Proto *p, int c, const char **name) {
+  TValue *kvalue = &p->k[c];
+  *name = (ttisstring(kvalue)) ? svalue(kvalue) : "?";
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a "name" for the register 'c'.
+*/
+static void rname (const Proto *p, int pc, int c, const char **name) {
+  const char *what = getobjname(p, pc, c, name); /* search for 'c' */
+  if (!(what && *what == 'c'))  /* did not find a constant name? */
+    *name = "?";
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a "name" for a 'C' value in an RK instruction.
+*/
+static void rkname (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, const char **name) {
+  int c = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+  if (GETARG_k(i))  /* is 'c' a constant? */
+    kname(p, c, name);
+  else  /* 'c' is a register */
+    rname(p, pc, c, name);
+}
+
+
+static int filterpc (int pc, int jmptarget) {
+  if (pc < jmptarget)  /* is code conditional (inside a jump)? */
+    return -1;  /* cannot know who sets that register */
+  else return pc;  /* current position sets that register */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find last instruction before 'lastpc' that modified register 'reg'.
+*/
+static int findsetreg (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg) {
+  int pc;
+  int setreg = -1;  /* keep last instruction that changed 'reg' */
+  int jmptarget = 0;  /* any code before this address is conditional */
+  if (testMMMode(GET_OPCODE(p->code[lastpc])))
+    lastpc--;  /* previous instruction was not actually executed */
+  for (pc = 0; pc < lastpc; pc++) {
+    Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+    OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+    int a = GETARG_A(i);
+    int change;  /* true if current instruction changed 'reg' */
+    switch (op) {
+      case OP_LOADNIL: {  /* set registers from 'a' to 'a+b' */
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        change = (a <= reg && reg <= a + b);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_TFORCALL: {  /* affect all regs above its base */
+        change = (reg >= a + 2);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_CALL:
+      case OP_TAILCALL: {  /* affect all registers above base */
+        change = (reg >= a);
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_JMP: {  /* doesn't change registers, but changes 'jmptarget' */
+        int b = GETARG_sJ(i);
+        int dest = pc + 1 + b;
+        /* jump does not skip 'lastpc' and is larger than current one? */
+        if (dest <= lastpc && dest > jmptarget)
+          jmptarget = dest;  /* update 'jmptarget' */
+        change = 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      default:  /* any instruction that sets A */
+        change = (testAMode(op) && reg == a);
+        break;
+    }
+    if (change)
+      setreg = filterpc(pc, jmptarget);
+  }
+  return setreg;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether table being indexed by instruction 'i' is the
+** environment '_ENV'
+*/
+static const char *gxf (const Proto *p, int pc, Instruction i, int isup) {
+  int t = GETARG_B(i);  /* table index */
+  const char *name;  /* name of indexed variable */
+  if (isup)  /* is an upvalue? */
+    name = upvalname(p, t);
+  else
+    getobjname(p, pc, t, &name);
+  return (name && strcmp(name, LUA_ENV) == 0) ? "global" : "field";
+}
+
+
+static const char *getobjname (const Proto *p, int lastpc, int reg,
+                               const char **name) {
+  int pc;
+  *name = luaF_getlocalname(p, reg + 1, lastpc);
+  if (*name)  /* is a local? */
+    return "local";
+  /* else try symbolic execution */
+  pc = findsetreg(p, lastpc, reg);
+  if (pc != -1) {  /* could find instruction? */
+    Instruction i = p->code[pc];
+    OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(i);
+    switch (op) {
+      case OP_MOVE: {
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* move from 'b' to 'a' */
+        if (b < GETARG_A(i))
+          return getobjname(p, pc, b, name);  /* get name for 'b' */
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_GETTABUP: {
+        int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+        kname(p, k, name);
+        return gxf(p, pc, i, 1);
+      }
+      case OP_GETTABLE: {
+        int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+        rname(p, pc, k, name);
+        return gxf(p, pc, i, 0);
+      }
+      case OP_GETI: {
+        *name = "integer index";
+        return "field";
+      }
+      case OP_GETFIELD: {
+        int k = GETARG_C(i);  /* key index */
+        kname(p, k, name);
+        return gxf(p, pc, i, 0);
+      }
+      case OP_GETUPVAL: {
+        *name = upvalname(p, GETARG_B(i));
+        return "upvalue";
+      }
+      case OP_LOADK:
+      case OP_LOADKX: {
+        int b = (op == OP_LOADK) ? GETARG_Bx(i)
+                                 : GETARG_Ax(p->code[pc + 1]);
+        if (ttisstring(&p->k[b])) {
+          *name = svalue(&p->k[b]);
+          return "constant";
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case OP_SELF: {
+        rkname(p, pc, i, name);
+        return "method";
+      }
+      default: break;  /* go through to return NULL */
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* could not find reasonable name */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a name for a function based on the code that called it.
+** (Only works when function was called by a Lua function.)
+** Returns what the name is (e.g., "for iterator", "method",
+** "metamethod") and sets '*name' to point to the name.
+*/
+static const char *funcnamefromcode (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci,
+                                     const char **name) {
+  TMS tm = (TMS)0;  /* (initial value avoids warnings) */
+  const Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;  /* calling function */
+  int pc = currentpc(ci);  /* calling instruction index */
+  Instruction i = p->code[pc];  /* calling instruction */
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED) {  /* was it called inside a hook? */
+    *name = "?";
+    return "hook";
+  }
+  switch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+    case OP_CALL:
+    case OP_TAILCALL:
+      return getobjname(p, pc, GETARG_A(i), name);  /* get function name */
+    case OP_TFORCALL: {  /* for iterator */
+      *name = "for iterator";
+       return "for iterator";
+    }
+    /* other instructions can do calls through metamethods */
+    case OP_SELF: case OP_GETTABUP: case OP_GETTABLE:
+    case OP_GETI: case OP_GETFIELD:
+      tm = TM_INDEX;
+      break;
+    case OP_SETTABUP: case OP_SETTABLE: case OP_SETI: case OP_SETFIELD:
+      tm = TM_NEWINDEX;
+      break;
+    case OP_MMBIN: case OP_MMBINI: case OP_MMBINK: {
+      tm = cast(TMS, GETARG_C(i));
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_UNM: tm = TM_UNM; break;
+    case OP_BNOT: tm = TM_BNOT; break;
+    case OP_LEN: tm = TM_LEN; break;
+    case OP_CONCAT: tm = TM_CONCAT; break;
+    case OP_EQ: tm = TM_EQ; break;
+    /* no cases for OP_EQI and OP_EQK, as they don't call metamethods */
+    case OP_LT: case OP_LTI: case OP_GTI: tm = TM_LT; break;
+    case OP_LE: case OP_LEI: case OP_GEI: tm = TM_LE; break;
+    case OP_CLOSE: case OP_RETURN: tm = TM_CLOSE; break;
+    default:
+      return NULL;  /* cannot find a reasonable name */
+  }
+  *name = getstr(G(L)->tmname[tm]) + 2;
+  return "metamethod";
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether pointer 'o' points to some value in the stack
+** frame of the current function. Because 'o' may not point to a
+** value in this stack, we cannot compare it with the region
+** boundaries (undefined behaviour in ISO C).
+*/
+static int isinstack (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o) {
+  StkId pos;
+  for (pos = ci->func + 1; pos < ci->top; pos++) {
+    if (o == s2v(pos))
+      return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Checks whether value 'o' came from an upvalue. (That can only happen
+** with instructions OP_GETTABUP/OP_SETTABUP, which operate directly on
+** upvalues.)
+*/
+static const char *getupvalname (CallInfo *ci, const TValue *o,
+                                 const char **name) {
+  LClosure *c = ci_func(ci);
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < c->nupvalues; i++) {
+    if (c->upvals[i]->v == o) {
+      *name = upvalname(c->p, i);
+      return "upvalue";
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *varinfo (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+  const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  const char *kind = NULL;
+  if (isLua(ci)) {
+    kind = getupvalname(ci, o, &name);  /* check whether 'o' is an upvalue */
+    if (!kind && isinstack(ci, o))  /* no? try a register */
+      kind = getobjname(ci_func(ci)->p, currentpc(ci),
+                        cast_int(cast(StkId, o) - (ci->func + 1)), &name);
+  }
+  return (kind) ? luaO_pushfstring(L, " (%s '%s')", kind, name) : "";
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *op) {
+  const char *t = luaT_objtypename(L, o);
+  luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to %s a %s value%s", op, t, varinfo(L, o));
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_callerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  const char *name = NULL;  /* to avoid warnings */
+  const char *what = (isLua(ci)) ? funcnamefromcode(L, ci, &name) : NULL;
+  if (what != NULL) {
+    const char *t = luaT_objtypename(L, o);
+    luaG_runerror(L, "%s '%s' is not callable (a %s value)", what, name, t);
+  }
+  else
+    luaG_typeerror(L, o, "call");
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_forerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, const char *what) {
+  luaG_runerror(L, "bad 'for' %s (number expected, got %s)",
+                   what, luaT_objtypename(L, o));
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+  if (ttisstring(p1) || cvt2str(p1)) p1 = p2;
+  luaG_typeerror(L, p1, "concatenate");
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_opinterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                         const TValue *p2, const char *msg) {
+  if (!ttisnumber(p1))  /* first operand is wrong? */
+    p2 = p1;  /* now second is wrong */
+  luaG_typeerror(L, p2, msg);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Error when both values are convertible to numbers, but not to integers
+*/
+l_noret luaG_tointerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+  lua_Integer temp;
+  if (!luaV_tointegerns(p1, &temp, LUA_FLOORN2I))
+    p2 = p1;
+  luaG_runerror(L, "number%s has no integer representation", varinfo(L, p2));
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2) {
+  const char *t1 = luaT_objtypename(L, p1);
+  const char *t2 = luaT_objtypename(L, p2);
+  if (strcmp(t1, t2) == 0)
+    luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare two %s values", t1);
+  else
+    luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to compare %s with %s", t1, t2);
+}
+
+
+/* add src:line information to 'msg' */
+const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg, TString *src,
+                                        int line) {
+  char buff[LUA_IDSIZE];
+  if (src)
+    luaO_chunkid(buff, getstr(src), tsslen(src));
+  else {  /* no source available; use "?" instead */
+    buff[0] = '?'; buff[1] = '\0';
+  }
+  return luaO_pushfstring(L, "%s:%d: %s", buff, line, msg);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L) {
+  if (L->errfunc != 0) {  /* is there an error handling function? */
+    StkId errfunc = restorestack(L, L->errfunc);
+    lua_assert(ttisfunction(s2v(errfunc)));
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top, L->top - 1);  /* move argument */
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top - 1, errfunc);  /* push function */
+    L->top++;  /* assume EXTRA_STACK */
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, L->top - 2, 1);  /* call it */
+  }
+  luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRRUN);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  const char *msg;
+  va_list argp;
+  luaC_checkGC(L);  /* error message uses memory */
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);  /* format message */
+  va_end(argp);
+  if (isLua(ci))  /* if Lua function, add source:line information */
+    luaG_addinfo(L, msg, ci_func(ci)->p->source, getcurrentline(ci));
+  luaG_errormsg(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether new instruction 'newpc' is in a different line from
+** previous instruction 'oldpc'. More often than not, 'newpc' is only
+** one or a few instructions after 'oldpc' (it must be after, see
+** caller), so try to avoid calling 'luaG_getfuncline'. If they are
+** too far apart, there is a good chance of a ABSLINEINFO in the way,
+** so it goes directly to 'luaG_getfuncline'.
+*/
+static int changedline (const Proto *p, int oldpc, int newpc) {
+  if (p->lineinfo == NULL)  /* no debug information? */
+    return 0;
+  if (newpc - oldpc < MAXIWTHABS / 2) {  /* not too far apart? */
+    int delta = 0;  /* line diference */
+    int pc = oldpc;
+    for (;;) {
+      int lineinfo = p->lineinfo[++pc];
+      if (lineinfo == ABSLINEINFO)
+        break;  /* cannot compute delta; fall through */
+      delta += lineinfo;
+      if (pc == newpc)
+        return (delta != 0);  /* delta computed successfully */
+    }
+  }
+  /* either instructions are too far apart or there is an absolute line
+     info in the way; compute line difference explicitly */
+  return (luaG_getfuncline(p, oldpc) != luaG_getfuncline(p, newpc));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traces the execution of a Lua function. Called before the execution
+** of each opcode, when debug is on. 'L->oldpc' stores the last
+** instruction traced, to detect line changes. When entering a new
+** function, 'npci' will be zero and will test as a new line whatever
+** the value of 'oldpc'.  Some exceptional conditions may return to
+** a function without setting 'oldpc'. In that case, 'oldpc' may be
+** invalid; if so, use zero as a valid value. (A wrong but valid 'oldpc'
+** at most causes an extra call to a line hook.)
+** This function is not "Protected" when called, so it should correct
+** 'L->top' before calling anything that can run the GC.
+*/
+int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  lu_byte mask = L->hookmask;
+  const Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+  int counthook;
+  if (!(mask & (LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT))) {  /* no hooks? */
+    ci->u.l.trap = 0;  /* don't need to stop again */
+    return 0;  /* turn off 'trap' */
+  }
+  pc++;  /* reference is always next instruction */
+  ci->u.l.savedpc = pc;  /* save 'pc' */
+  counthook = (--L->hookcount == 0 && (mask & LUA_MASKCOUNT));
+  if (counthook)
+    resethookcount(L);  /* reset count */
+  else if (!(mask & LUA_MASKLINE))
+    return 1;  /* no line hook and count != 0; nothing to be done now */
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKYIELD) {  /* called hook last time? */
+    ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* erase mark */
+    return 1;  /* do not call hook again (VM yielded, so it did not move) */
+  }
+  if (!isIT(*(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1)))  /* top not being used? */
+    L->top = ci->top;  /* correct top */
+  if (counthook)
+    luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCOUNT, -1, 0, 0);  /* call count hook */
+  if (mask & LUA_MASKLINE) {
+    /* 'L->oldpc' may be invalid; use zero in this case */
+    int oldpc = (L->oldpc < p->sizecode) ? L->oldpc : 0;
+    int npci = pcRel(pc, p);
+    if (npci <= oldpc ||  /* call hook when jump back (loop), */
+        changedline(p, oldpc, npci)) {  /* or when enter new line */
+      int newline = luaG_getfuncline(p, npci);
+      luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKLINE, newline, 0, 0);  /* call line hook */
+    }
+    L->oldpc = npci;  /* 'pc' of last call to line hook */
+  }
+  if (L->status == LUA_YIELD) {  /* did hook yield? */
+    if (counthook)
+      L->hookcount = 1;  /* undo decrement to zero */
+    ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* undo increment (resume will increment it again) */
+    ci->callstatus |= CIST_HOOKYIELD;  /* mark that it yielded */
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+  }
+  return 1;  /* keep 'trap' on */
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ldebug.h b/external/lua/src/ldebug.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..974960e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ldebug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldebug.h $
+** Auxiliary functions from Debug Interface module
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldebug_h
+#define ldebug_h
+
+
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#define pcRel(pc, p)	(cast_int((pc) - (p)->code) - 1)
+
+
+/* Active Lua function (given call info) */
+#define ci_func(ci)		(clLvalue(s2v((ci)->func)))
+
+
+#define resethookcount(L)	(L->hookcount = L->basehookcount)
+
+/*
+** mark for entries in 'lineinfo' array that has absolute information in
+** 'abslineinfo' array
+*/
+#define ABSLINEINFO	(-0x80)
+
+
+/*
+** MAXimum number of successive Instructions WiTHout ABSolute line
+** information. (A power of two allows fast divisions.)
+*/
+#if !defined(MAXIWTHABS)
+#define MAXIWTHABS	128
+#endif
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_getfuncline (const Proto *f, int pc);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaG_findlocal (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int n,
+                                                    StkId *pos);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_typeerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+                                                const char *opname);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_callerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_forerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+                                               const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_concaterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                  const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_opinterror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                 const TValue *p2,
+                                                 const char *msg);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_tointerror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                 const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_ordererror (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                                 const TValue *p2);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_runerror (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaG_addinfo (lua_State *L, const char *msg,
+                                                  TString *src, int line);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaG_errormsg (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaG_traceexec (lua_State *L, const Instruction *pc);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ldo.c b/external/lua/src/ldo.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7135079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ldo.c
@@ -0,0 +1,963 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.c $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldo_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define errorstatus(s)	((s) > LUA_YIELD)
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Error-recovery functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUAI_THROW/LUAI_TRY define how Lua does exception handling. By
+** default, Lua handles errors with exceptions when compiling as
+** C++ code, with _longjmp/_setjmp when asked to use them, and with
+** longjmp/setjmp otherwise.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_THROW)				/* { */
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(LUA_USE_LONGJMP)	/* { */
+
+/* C++ exceptions */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		throw(c)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a) \
+	try { a } catch(...) { if ((c)->status == 0) (c)->status = -1; }
+#define luai_jmpbuf		int  /* dummy variable */
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)				/* }{ */
+
+/* in POSIX, try _longjmp/_setjmp (more efficient) */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		_longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (_setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf
+
+#else							/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C handling with long jumps */
+#define LUAI_THROW(L,c)		longjmp((c)->b, 1)
+#define LUAI_TRY(L,c,a)		if (setjmp((c)->b) == 0) { a }
+#define luai_jmpbuf		jmp_buf
+
+#endif							/* } */
+
+#endif							/* } */
+
+
+
+/* chain list of long jump buffers */
+struct lua_longjmp {
+  struct lua_longjmp *previous;
+  luai_jmpbuf b;
+  volatile int status;  /* error code */
+};
+
+
+void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop) {
+  switch (errcode) {
+    case LUA_ERRMEM: {  /* memory error? */
+      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, G(L)->memerrmsg); /* reuse preregistered msg. */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_ERRERR: {
+      setsvalue2s(L, oldtop, luaS_newliteral(L, "error in error handling"));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_OK: {  /* special case only for closing upvalues */
+      setnilvalue(s2v(oldtop));  /* no error message */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      lua_assert(errorstatus(errcode));  /* real error */
+      setobjs2s(L, oldtop, L->top - 1);  /* error message on current top */
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  L->top = oldtop + 1;
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode) {
+  if (L->errorJmp) {  /* thread has an error handler? */
+    L->errorJmp->status = errcode;  /* set status */
+    LUAI_THROW(L, L->errorJmp);  /* jump to it */
+  }
+  else {  /* thread has no error handler */
+    global_State *g = G(L);
+    errcode = luaE_resetthread(L, errcode);  /* close all upvalues */
+    if (g->mainthread->errorJmp) {  /* main thread has a handler? */
+      setobjs2s(L, g->mainthread->top++, L->top - 1);  /* copy error obj. */
+      luaD_throw(g->mainthread, errcode);  /* re-throw in main thread */
+    }
+    else {  /* no handler at all; abort */
+      if (g->panic) {  /* panic function? */
+        lua_unlock(L);
+        g->panic(L);  /* call panic function (last chance to jump out) */
+      }
+      abort();
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud) {
+  l_uint32 oldnCcalls = L->nCcalls;
+  struct lua_longjmp lj;
+  lj.status = LUA_OK;
+  lj.previous = L->errorJmp;  /* chain new error handler */
+  L->errorJmp = &lj;
+  LUAI_TRY(L, &lj,
+    (*f)(L, ud);
+  );
+  L->errorJmp = lj.previous;  /* restore old error handler */
+  L->nCcalls = oldnCcalls;
+  return lj.status;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Stack reallocation
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+static void correctstack (lua_State *L, StkId oldstack, StkId newstack) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  UpVal *up;
+  L->top = (L->top - oldstack) + newstack;
+  L->tbclist = (L->tbclist - oldstack) + newstack;
+  for (up = L->openupval; up != NULL; up = up->u.open.next)
+    up->v = s2v((uplevel(up) - oldstack) + newstack);
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+    ci->top = (ci->top - oldstack) + newstack;
+    ci->func = (ci->func - oldstack) + newstack;
+    if (isLua(ci))
+      ci->u.l.trap = 1;  /* signal to update 'trap' in 'luaV_execute' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* some space for error handling */
+#define ERRORSTACKSIZE	(LUAI_MAXSTACK + 200)
+
+
+/*
+** Reallocate the stack to a new size, correcting all pointers into
+** it. (There are pointers to a stack from its upvalues, from its list
+** of call infos, plus a few individual pointers.) The reallocation is
+** done in two steps (allocation + free) because the correction must be
+** done while both addresses (the old stack and the new one) are valid.
+** (In ISO C, any pointer use after the pointer has been deallocated is
+** undefined behavior.)
+** In case of allocation error, raise an error or return false according
+** to 'raiseerror'.
+*/
+int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror) {
+  int oldsize = stacksize(L);
+  int i;
+  StkId newstack = luaM_reallocvector(L, NULL, 0,
+                                      newsize + EXTRA_STACK, StackValue);
+  lua_assert(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK || newsize == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+  if (l_unlikely(newstack == NULL)) {  /* reallocation failed? */
+    if (raiseerror)
+      luaM_error(L);
+    else return 0;  /* do not raise an error */
+  }
+  /* number of elements to be copied to the new stack */
+  i = ((oldsize <= newsize) ? oldsize : newsize) + EXTRA_STACK;
+  memcpy(newstack, L->stack, i * sizeof(StackValue));
+  for (; i < newsize + EXTRA_STACK; i++)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(newstack + i)); /* erase new segment */
+  correctstack(L, L->stack, newstack);
+  luaM_freearray(L, L->stack, oldsize + EXTRA_STACK);
+  L->stack = newstack;
+  L->stack_last = L->stack + newsize;
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to grow the stack by at least 'n' elements. when 'raiseerror'
+** is true, raises any error; otherwise, return 0 in case of errors.
+*/
+int luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n, int raiseerror) {
+  int size = stacksize(L);
+  if (l_unlikely(size > LUAI_MAXSTACK)) {
+    /* if stack is larger than maximum, thread is already using the
+       extra space reserved for errors, that is, thread is handling
+       a stack error; cannot grow further than that. */
+    lua_assert(stacksize(L) == ERRORSTACKSIZE);
+    if (raiseerror)
+      luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);  /* error inside message handler */
+    return 0;  /* if not 'raiseerror', just signal it */
+  }
+  else {
+    int newsize = 2 * size;  /* tentative new size */
+    int needed = cast_int(L->top - L->stack) + n;
+    if (newsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)  /* cannot cross the limit */
+      newsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+    if (newsize < needed)  /* but must respect what was asked for */
+      newsize = needed;
+    if (l_likely(newsize <= LUAI_MAXSTACK))
+      return luaD_reallocstack(L, newsize, raiseerror);
+    else {  /* stack overflow */
+      /* add extra size to be able to handle the error message */
+      luaD_reallocstack(L, ERRORSTACKSIZE, raiseerror);
+      if (raiseerror)
+        luaG_runerror(L, "stack overflow");
+      return 0;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int stackinuse (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  int res;
+  StkId lim = L->top;
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {
+    if (lim < ci->top) lim = ci->top;
+  }
+  lua_assert(lim <= L->stack_last);
+  res = cast_int(lim - L->stack) + 1;  /* part of stack in use */
+  if (res < LUA_MINSTACK)
+    res = LUA_MINSTACK;  /* ensure a minimum size */
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If stack size is more than 3 times the current use, reduce that size
+** to twice the current use. (So, the final stack size is at most 2/3 the
+** previous size, and half of its entries are empty.)
+** As a particular case, if stack was handling a stack overflow and now
+** it is not, 'max' (limited by LUAI_MAXSTACK) will be smaller than
+** stacksize (equal to ERRORSTACKSIZE in this case), and so the stack
+** will be reduced to a "regular" size.
+*/
+void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L) {
+  int inuse = stackinuse(L);
+  int nsize = inuse * 2;  /* proposed new size */
+  int max = inuse * 3;  /* maximum "reasonable" size */
+  if (max > LUAI_MAXSTACK) {
+    max = LUAI_MAXSTACK;  /* respect stack limit */
+    if (nsize > LUAI_MAXSTACK)
+      nsize = LUAI_MAXSTACK;
+  }
+  /* if thread is currently not handling a stack overflow and its
+     size is larger than maximum "reasonable" size, shrink it */
+  if (inuse <= LUAI_MAXSTACK && stacksize(L) > max)
+    luaD_reallocstack(L, nsize, 0);  /* ok if that fails */
+  else  /* don't change stack */
+    condmovestack(L,{},{});  /* (change only for debugging) */
+  luaE_shrinkCI(L);  /* shrink CI list */
+}
+
+
+void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L) {
+  luaD_checkstack(L, 1);
+  L->top++;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** Call a hook for the given event. Make sure there is a hook to be
+** called. (Both 'L->hook' and 'L->hookmask', which trigger this
+** function, can be changed asynchronously by signals.)
+*/
+void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
+                              int ftransfer, int ntransfer) {
+  lua_Hook hook = L->hook;
+  if (hook && L->allowhook) {  /* make sure there is a hook */
+    int mask = CIST_HOOKED;
+    CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+    ptrdiff_t top = savestack(L, L->top);  /* preserve original 'top' */
+    ptrdiff_t ci_top = savestack(L, ci->top);  /* idem for 'ci->top' */
+    lua_Debug ar;
+    ar.event = event;
+    ar.currentline = line;
+    ar.i_ci = ci;
+    if (ntransfer != 0) {
+      mask |= CIST_TRAN;  /* 'ci' has transfer information */
+      ci->u2.transferinfo.ftransfer = ftransfer;
+      ci->u2.transferinfo.ntransfer = ntransfer;
+    }
+    if (isLua(ci) && L->top < ci->top)
+      L->top = ci->top;  /* protect entire activation register */
+    luaD_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
+    if (ci->top < L->top + LUA_MINSTACK)
+      ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+    L->allowhook = 0;  /* cannot call hooks inside a hook */
+    ci->callstatus |= mask;
+    lua_unlock(L);
+    (*hook)(L, &ar);
+    lua_lock(L);
+    lua_assert(!L->allowhook);
+    L->allowhook = 1;
+    ci->top = restorestack(L, ci_top);
+    L->top = restorestack(L, top);
+    ci->callstatus &= ~mask;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Executes a call hook for Lua functions. This function is called
+** whenever 'hookmask' is not zero, so it checks whether call hooks are
+** active.
+*/
+void luaD_hookcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+  L->oldpc = 0;  /* set 'oldpc' for new function */
+  if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL) {  /* is call hook on? */
+    int event = (ci->callstatus & CIST_TAIL) ? LUA_HOOKTAILCALL
+                                             : LUA_HOOKCALL;
+    Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+    ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* hooks assume 'pc' is already incremented */
+    luaD_hook(L, event, -1, 1, p->numparams);
+    ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* correct 'pc' */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Executes a return hook for Lua and C functions and sets/corrects
+** 'oldpc'. (Note that this correction is needed by the line hook, so it
+** is done even when return hooks are off.)
+*/
+static void rethook (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
+  if (L->hookmask & LUA_MASKRET) {  /* is return hook on? */
+    StkId firstres = L->top - nres;  /* index of first result */
+    int delta = 0;  /* correction for vararg functions */
+    int ftransfer;
+    if (isLua(ci)) {
+      Proto *p = ci_func(ci)->p;
+      if (p->is_vararg)
+        delta = ci->u.l.nextraargs + p->numparams + 1;
+    }
+    ci->func += delta;  /* if vararg, back to virtual 'func' */
+    ftransfer = cast(unsigned short, firstres - ci->func);
+    luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKRET, -1, ftransfer, nres);  /* call it */
+    ci->func -= delta;
+  }
+  if (isLua(ci = ci->previous))
+    L->oldpc = pcRel(ci->u.l.savedpc, ci_func(ci)->p);  /* set 'oldpc' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'func' has a '__call' metafield. If so, put it in the
+** stack, below original 'func', so that 'luaD_precall' can call it. Raise
+** an error if there is no '__call' metafield.
+*/
+void luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(func), TM_CALL);
+  StkId p;
+  if (l_unlikely(ttisnil(tm)))
+    luaG_callerror(L, s2v(func));  /* nothing to call */
+  for (p = L->top; p > func; p--)  /* open space for metamethod */
+    setobjs2s(L, p, p-1);
+  L->top++;  /* stack space pre-allocated by the caller */
+  setobj2s(L, func, tm);  /* metamethod is the new function to be called */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Given 'nres' results at 'firstResult', move 'wanted' of them to 'res'.
+** Handle most typical cases (zero results for commands, one result for
+** expressions, multiple results for tail calls/single parameters)
+** separated.
+*/
+static void moveresults (lua_State *L, StkId res, int nres, int wanted) {
+  StkId firstresult;
+  int i;
+  switch (wanted) {  /* handle typical cases separately */
+    case 0:  /* no values needed */
+      L->top = res;
+      return;
+    case 1:  /* one value needed */
+      if (nres == 0)   /* no results? */
+        setnilvalue(s2v(res));  /* adjust with nil */
+      else  /* at least one result */
+        setobjs2s(L, res, L->top - nres);  /* move it to proper place */
+      L->top = res + 1;
+      return;
+    case LUA_MULTRET:
+      wanted = nres;  /* we want all results */
+      break;
+    default:  /* two/more results and/or to-be-closed variables */
+      if (hastocloseCfunc(wanted)) {  /* to-be-closed variables? */
+        ptrdiff_t savedres = savestack(L, res);
+        L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_CLSRET;  /* in case of yields */
+        L->ci->u2.nres = nres;
+        luaF_close(L, res, CLOSEKTOP, 1);
+        L->ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_CLSRET;
+        if (L->hookmask)  /* if needed, call hook after '__close's */
+          rethook(L, L->ci, nres);
+        res = restorestack(L, savedres);  /* close and hook can move stack */
+        wanted = decodeNresults(wanted);
+        if (wanted == LUA_MULTRET)
+          wanted = nres;  /* we want all results */
+      }
+      break;
+  }
+  /* generic case */
+  firstresult = L->top - nres;  /* index of first result */
+  if (nres > wanted)  /* extra results? */
+    nres = wanted;  /* don't need them */
+  for (i = 0; i < nres; i++)  /* move all results to correct place */
+    setobjs2s(L, res + i, firstresult + i);
+  for (; i < wanted; i++)  /* complete wanted number of results */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(res + i));
+  L->top = res + wanted;  /* top points after the last result */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finishes a function call: calls hook if necessary, moves current
+** number of results to proper place, and returns to previous call
+** info. If function has to close variables, hook must be called after
+** that.
+*/
+void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres) {
+  int wanted = ci->nresults;
+  if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask && !hastocloseCfunc(wanted)))
+    rethook(L, ci, nres);
+  /* move results to proper place */
+  moveresults(L, ci->func, nres, wanted);
+  /* function cannot be in any of these cases when returning */
+  lua_assert(!(ci->callstatus &
+        (CIST_HOOKED | CIST_YPCALL | CIST_FIN | CIST_TRAN | CIST_CLSRET)));
+  L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller (after closing variables) */
+}
+
+
+
+#define next_ci(L)  (L->ci->next ? L->ci->next : luaE_extendCI(L))
+
+
+/*
+** Prepare a function for a tail call, building its call info on top
+** of the current call info. 'narg1' is the number of arguments plus 1
+** (so that it includes the function itself).
+*/
+void luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func, int narg1) {
+  Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
+  int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
+  int nfixparams = p->numparams;
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < narg1; i++)  /* move down function and arguments */
+    setobjs2s(L, ci->func + i, func + i);
+  checkstackGC(L, fsize);
+  func = ci->func;  /* moved-down function */
+  for (; narg1 <= nfixparams; narg1++)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(func + narg1));  /* complete missing arguments */
+  ci->top = func + 1 + fsize;  /* top for new function */
+  lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+  ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
+  ci->callstatus |= CIST_TAIL;
+  L->top = func + narg1;  /* set top */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prepares the call to a function (C or Lua). For C functions, also do
+** the call. The function to be called is at '*func'.  The arguments
+** are on the stack, right after the function.  Returns the CallInfo
+** to be executed, if it was a Lua function. Otherwise (a C function)
+** returns NULL, with all the results on the stack, starting at the
+** original function position.
+*/
+CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nresults) {
+  lua_CFunction f;
+ retry:
+  switch (ttypetag(s2v(func))) {
+    case LUA_VCCL:  /* C closure */
+      f = clCvalue(s2v(func))->f;
+      goto Cfunc;
+    case LUA_VLCF:  /* light C function */
+      f = fvalue(s2v(func));
+     Cfunc: {
+      int n;  /* number of returns */
+      CallInfo *ci;
+      checkstackGCp(L, LUA_MINSTACK, func);  /* ensure minimum stack size */
+      L->ci = ci = next_ci(L);
+      ci->nresults = nresults;
+      ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
+      ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+      ci->func = func;
+      lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+      if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask & LUA_MASKCALL)) {
+        int narg = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1;
+        luaD_hook(L, LUA_HOOKCALL, -1, 1, narg);
+      }
+      lua_unlock(L);
+      n = (*f)(L);  /* do the actual call */
+      lua_lock(L);
+      api_checknelems(L, n);
+      luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);
+      return NULL;
+    }
+    case LUA_VLCL: {  /* Lua function */
+      CallInfo *ci;
+      Proto *p = clLvalue(s2v(func))->p;
+      int narg = cast_int(L->top - func) - 1;  /* number of real arguments */
+      int nfixparams = p->numparams;
+      int fsize = p->maxstacksize;  /* frame size */
+      checkstackGCp(L, fsize, func);
+      L->ci = ci = next_ci(L);
+      ci->nresults = nresults;
+      ci->u.l.savedpc = p->code;  /* starting point */
+      ci->top = func + 1 + fsize;
+      ci->func = func;
+      L->ci = ci;
+      for (; narg < nfixparams; narg++)
+        setnilvalue(s2v(L->top++));  /* complete missing arguments */
+      lua_assert(ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+      return ci;
+    }
+    default: {  /* not a function */
+      checkstackGCp(L, 1, func);  /* space for metamethod */
+      luaD_tryfuncTM(L, func);  /* try to get '__call' metamethod */
+      goto retry;  /* try again with metamethod */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a function (C or Lua) through C. 'inc' can be 1 (increment
+** number of recursive invocations in the C stack) or nyci (the same
+** plus increment number of non-yieldable calls).
+*/
+static void ccall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults, int inc) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  L->nCcalls += inc;
+  if (l_unlikely(getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS))
+    luaE_checkcstack(L);
+  if ((ci = luaD_precall(L, func, nResults)) != NULL) {  /* Lua function? */
+    ci->callstatus = CIST_FRESH;  /* mark that it is a "fresh" execute */
+    luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* call it */
+  }
+  L->nCcalls -= inc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** External interface for 'ccall'
+*/
+void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
+  ccall(L, func, nResults, 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Similar to 'luaD_call', but does not allow yields during the call.
+*/
+void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults) {
+  ccall(L, func, nResults, nyci);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish the job of 'lua_pcallk' after it was interrupted by an yield.
+** (The caller, 'finishCcall', does the final call to 'adjustresults'.)
+** The main job is to complete the 'luaD_pcall' called by 'lua_pcallk'.
+** If a '__close' method yields here, eventually control will be back
+** to 'finishCcall' (when that '__close' method finally returns) and
+** 'finishpcallk' will run again and close any still pending '__close'
+** methods. Similarly, if a '__close' method errs, 'precover' calls
+** 'unroll' which calls ''finishCcall' and we are back here again, to
+** close any pending '__close' methods.
+** Note that, up to the call to 'luaF_close', the corresponding
+** 'CallInfo' is not modified, so that this repeated run works like the
+** first one (except that it has at least one less '__close' to do). In
+** particular, field CIST_RECST preserves the error status across these
+** multiple runs, changing only if there is a new error.
+*/
+static int finishpcallk (lua_State *L,  CallInfo *ci) {
+  int status = getcistrecst(ci);  /* get original status */
+  if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK))  /* no error? */
+    status = LUA_YIELD;  /* was interrupted by an yield */
+  else {  /* error */
+    StkId func = restorestack(L, ci->u2.funcidx);
+    L->allowhook = getoah(ci->callstatus);  /* restore 'allowhook' */
+    luaF_close(L, func, status, 1);  /* can yield or raise an error */
+    func = restorestack(L, ci->u2.funcidx);  /* stack may be moved */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, func);
+    luaD_shrinkstack(L);   /* restore stack size in case of overflow */
+    setcistrecst(ci, LUA_OK);  /* clear original status */
+  }
+  ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_YPCALL;
+  L->errfunc = ci->u.c.old_errfunc;
+  /* if it is here, there were errors or yields; unlike 'lua_pcallk',
+     do not change status */
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Completes the execution of a C function interrupted by an yield.
+** The interruption must have happened while the function was either
+** closing its tbc variables in 'moveresults' or executing
+** 'lua_callk'/'lua_pcallk'. In the first case, it just redoes
+** 'luaD_poscall'. In the second case, the call to 'finishpcallk'
+** finishes the interrupted execution of 'lua_pcallk'.  After that, it
+** calls the continuation of the interrupted function and finally it
+** completes the job of the 'luaD_call' that called the function.  In
+** the call to 'adjustresults', we do not know the number of results
+** of the function called by 'lua_callk'/'lua_pcallk', so we are
+** conservative and use LUA_MULTRET (always adjust).
+*/
+static void finishCcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+  int n;  /* actual number of results from C function */
+  if (ci->callstatus & CIST_CLSRET) {  /* was returning? */
+    lua_assert(hastocloseCfunc(ci->nresults));
+    n = ci->u2.nres;  /* just redo 'luaD_poscall' */
+    /* don't need to reset CIST_CLSRET, as it will be set again anyway */
+  }
+  else {
+    int status = LUA_YIELD;  /* default if there were no errors */
+    /* must have a continuation and must be able to call it */
+    lua_assert(ci->u.c.k != NULL && yieldable(L));
+    if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL)   /* was inside a 'lua_pcallk'? */
+      status = finishpcallk(L, ci);  /* finish it */
+    adjustresults(L, LUA_MULTRET);  /* finish 'lua_callk' */
+    lua_unlock(L);
+    n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L, status, ci->u.c.ctx);  /* call continuation */
+    lua_lock(L);
+    api_checknelems(L, n);
+  }
+  luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);  /* finish 'luaD_call' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Executes "full continuation" (everything in the stack) of a
+** previously interrupted coroutine until the stack is empty (or another
+** interruption long-jumps out of the loop).
+*/
+static void unroll (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  UNUSED(ud);
+  while ((ci = L->ci) != &L->base_ci) {  /* something in the stack */
+    if (!isLua(ci))  /* C function? */
+      finishCcall(L, ci);  /* complete its execution */
+    else {  /* Lua function */
+      luaV_finishOp(L);  /* finish interrupted instruction */
+      luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* execute down to higher C 'boundary' */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a suspended protected call (a "recover point") for the
+** given thread.
+*/
+static CallInfo *findpcall (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  for (ci = L->ci; ci != NULL; ci = ci->previous) {  /* search for a pcall */
+    if (ci->callstatus & CIST_YPCALL)
+      return ci;
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* no pending pcall */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Signal an error in the call to 'lua_resume', not in the execution
+** of the coroutine itself. (Such errors should not be handled by any
+** coroutine error handler and should not kill the coroutine.)
+*/
+static int resume_error (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int narg) {
+  L->top -= narg;  /* remove args from the stack */
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_new(L, msg));  /* push error message */
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return LUA_ERRRUN;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do the work for 'lua_resume' in protected mode. Most of the work
+** depends on the status of the coroutine: initial state, suspended
+** inside a hook, or regularly suspended (optionally with a continuation
+** function), plus erroneous cases: non-suspended coroutine or dead
+** coroutine.
+*/
+static void resume (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  int n = *(cast(int*, ud));  /* number of arguments */
+  StkId firstArg = L->top - n;  /* first argument */
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  if (L->status == LUA_OK)  /* starting a coroutine? */
+    ccall(L, firstArg - 1, LUA_MULTRET, 1);  /* just call its body */
+  else {  /* resuming from previous yield */
+    lua_assert(L->status == LUA_YIELD);
+    L->status = LUA_OK;  /* mark that it is running (again) */
+    luaE_incCstack(L);  /* control the C stack */
+    if (isLua(ci)) {  /* yielded inside a hook? */
+      L->top = firstArg;  /* discard arguments */
+      luaV_execute(L, ci);  /* just continue running Lua code */
+    }
+    else {  /* 'common' yield */
+      if (ci->u.c.k != NULL) {  /* does it have a continuation function? */
+        lua_unlock(L);
+        n = (*ci->u.c.k)(L, LUA_YIELD, ci->u.c.ctx); /* call continuation */
+        lua_lock(L);
+        api_checknelems(L, n);
+      }
+      luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);  /* finish 'luaD_call' */
+    }
+    unroll(L, NULL);  /* run continuation */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Unrolls a coroutine in protected mode while there are recoverable
+** errors, that is, errors inside a protected call. (Any error
+** interrupts 'unroll', and this loop protects it again so it can
+** continue.) Stops with a normal end (status == LUA_OK), an yield
+** (status == LUA_YIELD), or an unprotected error ('findpcall' doesn't
+** find a recover point).
+*/
+static int precover (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  while (errorstatus(status) && (ci = findpcall(L)) != NULL) {
+    L->ci = ci;  /* go down to recovery functions */
+    setcistrecst(ci, status);  /* status to finish 'pcall' */
+    status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, unroll, NULL);
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_resume (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int nargs,
+                                      int *nresults) {
+  int status;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (L->status == LUA_OK) {  /* may be starting a coroutine */
+    if (L->ci != &L->base_ci)  /* not in base level? */
+      return resume_error(L, "cannot resume non-suspended coroutine", nargs);
+    else if (L->top - (L->ci->func + 1) == nargs)  /* no function? */
+      return resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine", nargs);
+  }
+  else if (L->status != LUA_YIELD)  /* ended with errors? */
+    return resume_error(L, "cannot resume dead coroutine", nargs);
+  L->nCcalls = (from) ? getCcalls(from) : 0;
+  luai_userstateresume(L, nargs);
+  api_checknelems(L, (L->status == LUA_OK) ? nargs + 1 : nargs);
+  status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, resume, &nargs);
+   /* continue running after recoverable errors */
+  status = precover(L, status);
+  if (l_likely(!errorstatus(status)))
+    lua_assert(status == L->status);  /* normal end or yield */
+  else {  /* unrecoverable error */
+    L->status = cast_byte(status);  /* mark thread as 'dead' */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->top);  /* push error message */
+    L->ci->top = L->top;
+  }
+  *nresults = (status == LUA_YIELD) ? L->ci->u2.nyield
+                                    : cast_int(L->top - (L->ci->func + 1));
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_isyieldable (lua_State *L) {
+  return yieldable(L);
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_yieldk (lua_State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx,
+                        lua_KFunction k) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  luai_userstateyield(L, nresults);
+  lua_lock(L);
+  ci = L->ci;
+  api_checknelems(L, nresults);
+  if (l_unlikely(!yieldable(L))) {
+    if (L != G(L)->mainthread)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield across a C-call boundary");
+    else
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to yield from outside a coroutine");
+  }
+  L->status = LUA_YIELD;
+  ci->u2.nyield = nresults;  /* save number of results */
+  if (isLua(ci)) {  /* inside a hook? */
+    lua_assert(!isLuacode(ci));
+    api_check(L, nresults == 0, "hooks cannot yield values");
+    api_check(L, k == NULL, "hooks cannot continue after yielding");
+  }
+  else {
+    if ((ci->u.c.k = k) != NULL)  /* is there a continuation? */
+      ci->u.c.ctx = ctx;  /* save context */
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_YIELD);
+  }
+  lua_assert(ci->callstatus & CIST_HOOKED);  /* must be inside a hook */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return 0;  /* return to 'luaD_hook' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary structure to call 'luaF_close' in protected mode.
+*/
+struct CloseP {
+  StkId level;
+  int status;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function to call 'luaF_close' in protected mode.
+*/
+static void closepaux (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  struct CloseP *pcl = cast(struct CloseP *, ud);
+  luaF_close(L, pcl->level, pcl->status, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls 'luaF_close' in protected mode. Return the original status
+** or, in case of errors, the new status.
+*/
+int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status) {
+  CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
+  lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+  for (;;) {  /* keep closing upvalues until no more errors */
+    struct CloseP pcl;
+    pcl.level = restorestack(L, level); pcl.status = status;
+    status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, &closepaux, &pcl);
+    if (l_likely(status == LUA_OK))  /* no more errors? */
+      return pcl.status;
+    else {  /* an error occurred; restore saved state and repeat */
+      L->ci = old_ci;
+      L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call the C function 'func' in protected mode, restoring basic
+** thread information ('allowhook', etc.) and in particular
+** its stack level in case of errors.
+*/
+int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+                ptrdiff_t old_top, ptrdiff_t ef) {
+  int status;
+  CallInfo *old_ci = L->ci;
+  lu_byte old_allowhooks = L->allowhook;
+  ptrdiff_t old_errfunc = L->errfunc;
+  L->errfunc = ef;
+  status = luaD_rawrunprotected(L, func, u);
+  if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK)) {  /* an error occurred? */
+    L->ci = old_ci;
+    L->allowhook = old_allowhooks;
+    status = luaD_closeprotected(L, old_top, status);
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, restorestack(L, old_top));
+    luaD_shrinkstack(L);   /* restore stack size in case of overflow */
+  }
+  L->errfunc = old_errfunc;
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a protected parser.
+*/
+struct SParser {  /* data to 'f_parser' */
+  ZIO *z;
+  Mbuffer buff;  /* dynamic structure used by the scanner */
+  Dyndata dyd;  /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+  const char *mode;
+  const char *name;
+};
+
+
+static void checkmode (lua_State *L, const char *mode, const char *x) {
+  if (mode && strchr(mode, x[0]) == NULL) {
+    luaO_pushfstring(L,
+       "attempt to load a %s chunk (mode is '%s')", x, mode);
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void f_parser (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  LClosure *cl;
+  struct SParser *p = cast(struct SParser *, ud);
+  int c = zgetc(p->z);  /* read first character */
+  if (c == LUA_SIGNATURE[0]) {
+    checkmode(L, p->mode, "binary");
+    cl = luaU_undump(L, p->z, p->name);
+  }
+  else {
+    checkmode(L, p->mode, "text");
+    cl = luaY_parser(L, p->z, &p->buff, &p->dyd, p->name, c);
+  }
+  lua_assert(cl->nupvalues == cl->p->sizeupvalues);
+  luaF_initupvals(L, cl);
+}
+
+
+int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+                                        const char *mode) {
+  struct SParser p;
+  int status;
+  incnny(L);  /* cannot yield during parsing */
+  p.z = z; p.name = name; p.mode = mode;
+  p.dyd.actvar.arr = NULL; p.dyd.actvar.size = 0;
+  p.dyd.gt.arr = NULL; p.dyd.gt.size = 0;
+  p.dyd.label.arr = NULL; p.dyd.label.size = 0;
+  luaZ_initbuffer(L, &p.buff);
+  status = luaD_pcall(L, f_parser, &p, savestack(L, L->top), L->errfunc);
+  luaZ_freebuffer(L, &p.buff);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.actvar.arr, p.dyd.actvar.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.gt.arr, p.dyd.gt.size);
+  luaM_freearray(L, p.dyd.label.arr, p.dyd.label.size);
+  decnny(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ldo.h b/external/lua/src/ldo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bf0ed8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ldo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldo.h $
+** Stack and Call structure of Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ldo_h
+#define ldo_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Macro to check stack size and grow stack if needed.  Parameters
+** 'pre'/'pos' allow the macro to preserve a pointer into the
+** stack across reallocations, doing the work only when needed.
+** It also allows the running of one GC step when the stack is
+** reallocated.
+** 'condmovestack' is used in heavy tests to force a stack reallocation
+** at every check.
+*/
+#define luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,pre,pos)  \
+	if (l_unlikely(L->stack_last - L->top <= (n))) \
+	  { pre; luaD_growstack(L, n, 1); pos; } \
+        else { condmovestack(L,pre,pos); }
+
+/* In general, 'pre'/'pos' are empty (nothing to save) */
+#define luaD_checkstack(L,n)	luaD_checkstackaux(L,n,(void)0,(void)0)
+
+
+
+#define savestack(L,p)		((char *)(p) - (char *)L->stack)
+#define restorestack(L,n)	((StkId)((char *)L->stack + (n)))
+
+
+/* macro to check stack size, preserving 'p' */
+#define checkstackGCp(L,n,p)  \
+  luaD_checkstackaux(L, n, \
+    ptrdiff_t t__ = savestack(L, p);  /* save 'p' */ \
+    luaC_checkGC(L),  /* stack grow uses memory */ \
+    p = restorestack(L, t__))  /* 'pos' part: restore 'p' */
+
+
+/* macro to check stack size and GC */
+#define checkstackGC(L,fsize)  \
+	luaD_checkstackaux(L, (fsize), luaC_checkGC(L), (void)0)
+
+
+/* type of protected functions, to be ran by 'runprotected' */
+typedef void (*Pfunc) (lua_State *L, void *ud);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_seterrorobj (lua_State *L, int errcode, StkId oldtop);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_protectedparser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, const char *name,
+                                                  const char *mode);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hook (lua_State *L, int event, int line,
+                                        int fTransfer, int nTransfer);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_hookcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_pretailcall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId func, int n);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaD_precall (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_call (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_callnoyield (lua_State *L, StkId func, int nResults);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_tryfuncTM (lua_State *L, StkId func);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_closeprotected (lua_State *L, ptrdiff_t level, int status);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_pcall (lua_State *L, Pfunc func, void *u,
+                                        ptrdiff_t oldtop, ptrdiff_t ef);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_poscall (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, int nres);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_reallocstack (lua_State *L, int newsize, int raiseerror);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_growstack (lua_State *L, int n, int raiseerror);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_shrinkstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaD_inctop (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaD_throw (lua_State *L, int errcode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaD_rawrunprotected (lua_State *L, Pfunc f, void *ud);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ldump.c b/external/lua/src/ldump.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f848b66
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ldump.c
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ldump.c $
+** save precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ldump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+
+typedef struct {
+  lua_State *L;
+  lua_Writer writer;
+  void *data;
+  int strip;
+  int status;
+} DumpState;
+
+
+/*
+** All high-level dumps go through dumpVector; you can change it to
+** change the endianness of the result
+*/
+#define dumpVector(D,v,n)	dumpBlock(D,v,(n)*sizeof((v)[0]))
+
+#define dumpLiteral(D, s)	dumpBlock(D,s,sizeof(s) - sizeof(char))
+
+
+static void dumpBlock (DumpState *D, const void *b, size_t size) {
+  if (D->status == 0 && size > 0) {
+    lua_unlock(D->L);
+    D->status = (*D->writer)(D->L, b, size, D->data);
+    lua_lock(D->L);
+  }
+}
+
+
+#define dumpVar(D,x)		dumpVector(D,&x,1)
+
+
+static void dumpByte (DumpState *D, int y) {
+  lu_byte x = (lu_byte)y;
+  dumpVar(D, x);
+}
+
+
+/* dumpInt Buff Size */
+#define DIBS    ((sizeof(size_t) * 8 / 7) + 1)
+
+static void dumpSize (DumpState *D, size_t x) {
+  lu_byte buff[DIBS];
+  int n = 0;
+  do {
+    buff[DIBS - (++n)] = x & 0x7f;  /* fill buffer in reverse order */
+    x >>= 7;
+  } while (x != 0);
+  buff[DIBS - 1] |= 0x80;  /* mark last byte */
+  dumpVector(D, buff + DIBS - n, n);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpInt (DumpState *D, int x) {
+  dumpSize(D, x);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpNumber (DumpState *D, lua_Number x) {
+  dumpVar(D, x);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpInteger (DumpState *D, lua_Integer x) {
+  dumpVar(D, x);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpString (DumpState *D, const TString *s) {
+  if (s == NULL)
+    dumpSize(D, 0);
+  else {
+    size_t size = tsslen(s);
+    const char *str = getstr(s);
+    dumpSize(D, size + 1);
+    dumpVector(D, str, size);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpCode (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  dumpInt(D, f->sizecode);
+  dumpVector(D, f->code, f->sizecode);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpFunction(DumpState *D, const Proto *f, TString *psource);
+
+static void dumpConstants (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = f->sizek;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    const TValue *o = &f->k[i];
+    int tt = ttypetag(o);
+    dumpByte(D, tt);
+    switch (tt) {
+      case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+        dumpNumber(D, fltvalue(o));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMINT:
+        dumpInteger(D, ivalue(o));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+      case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+        dumpString(D, tsvalue(o));
+        break;
+      default:
+        lua_assert(tt == LUA_VNIL || tt == LUA_VFALSE || tt == LUA_VTRUE);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpProtos (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = f->sizep;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    dumpFunction(D, f->p[i], f->source);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpUpvalues (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i, n = f->sizeupvalues;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].instack);
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].idx);
+    dumpByte(D, f->upvalues[i].kind);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void dumpDebug (DumpState *D, const Proto *f) {
+  int i, n;
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelineinfo;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  dumpVector(D, f->lineinfo, n);
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeabslineinfo;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpInt(D, f->abslineinfo[i].pc);
+    dumpInt(D, f->abslineinfo[i].line);
+  }
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizelocvars;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    dumpString(D, f->locvars[i].varname);
+    dumpInt(D, f->locvars[i].startpc);
+    dumpInt(D, f->locvars[i].endpc);
+  }
+  n = (D->strip) ? 0 : f->sizeupvalues;
+  dumpInt(D, n);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    dumpString(D, f->upvalues[i].name);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpFunction (DumpState *D, const Proto *f, TString *psource) {
+  if (D->strip || f->source == psource)
+    dumpString(D, NULL);  /* no debug info or same source as its parent */
+  else
+    dumpString(D, f->source);
+  dumpInt(D, f->linedefined);
+  dumpInt(D, f->lastlinedefined);
+  dumpByte(D, f->numparams);
+  dumpByte(D, f->is_vararg);
+  dumpByte(D, f->maxstacksize);
+  dumpCode(D, f);
+  dumpConstants(D, f);
+  dumpUpvalues(D, f);
+  dumpProtos(D, f);
+  dumpDebug(D, f);
+}
+
+
+static void dumpHeader (DumpState *D) {
+  dumpLiteral(D, LUA_SIGNATURE);
+  dumpByte(D, LUAC_VERSION);
+  dumpByte(D, LUAC_FORMAT);
+  dumpLiteral(D, LUAC_DATA);
+  dumpByte(D, sizeof(Instruction));
+  dumpByte(D, sizeof(lua_Integer));
+  dumpByte(D, sizeof(lua_Number));
+  dumpInteger(D, LUAC_INT);
+  dumpNumber(D, LUAC_NUM);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** dump Lua function as precompiled chunk
+*/
+int luaU_dump(lua_State *L, const Proto *f, lua_Writer w, void *data,
+              int strip) {
+  DumpState D;
+  D.L = L;
+  D.writer = w;
+  D.data = data;
+  D.strip = strip;
+  D.status = 0;
+  dumpHeader(&D);
+  dumpByte(&D, f->sizeupvalues);
+  dumpFunction(&D, f, NULL);
+  return D.status;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lfunc.c b/external/lua/src/lfunc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5889a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lfunc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.c $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lfunc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+
+CClosure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VCCL, sizeCclosure(nupvals));
+  CClosure *c = gco2ccl(o);
+  c->nupvalues = cast_byte(nupvals);
+  return c;
+}
+
+
+LClosure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VLCL, sizeLclosure(nupvals));
+  LClosure *c = gco2lcl(o);
+  c->p = NULL;
+  c->nupvalues = cast_byte(nupvals);
+  while (nupvals--) c->upvals[nupvals] = NULL;
+  return c;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** fill a closure with new closed upvalues
+*/
+void luaF_initupvals (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {
+    GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal));
+    UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+    uv->v = &uv->u.value;  /* make it closed */
+    setnilvalue(uv->v);
+    cl->upvals[i] = uv;
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, uv);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a new upvalue at the given level, and link it to the list of
+** open upvalues of 'L' after entry 'prev'.
+**/
+static UpVal *newupval (lua_State *L, int tbc, StkId level, UpVal **prev) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUPVAL, sizeof(UpVal));
+  UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+  UpVal *next = *prev;
+  uv->v = s2v(level);  /* current value lives in the stack */
+  uv->tbc = tbc;
+  uv->u.open.next = next;  /* link it to list of open upvalues */
+  uv->u.open.previous = prev;
+  if (next)
+    next->u.open.previous = &uv->u.open.next;
+  *prev = uv;
+  if (!isintwups(L)) {  /* thread not in list of threads with upvalues? */
+    L->twups = G(L)->twups;  /* link it to the list */
+    G(L)->twups = L;
+  }
+  return uv;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find and reuse, or create if it does not exist, an upvalue
+** at the given level.
+*/
+UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  UpVal **pp = &L->openupval;
+  UpVal *p;
+  lua_assert(isintwups(L) || L->openupval == NULL);
+  while ((p = *pp) != NULL && uplevel(p) >= level) {  /* search for it */
+    lua_assert(!isdead(G(L), p));
+    if (uplevel(p) == level)  /* corresponding upvalue? */
+      return p;  /* return it */
+    pp = &p->u.open.next;
+  }
+  /* not found: create a new upvalue after 'pp' */
+  return newupval(L, 0, level, pp);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call closing method for object 'obj' with error message 'err'. The
+** boolean 'yy' controls whether the call is yieldable.
+** (This function assumes EXTRA_STACK.)
+*/
+static void callclosemethod (lua_State *L, TValue *obj, TValue *err, int yy) {
+  StkId top = L->top;
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, obj, TM_CLOSE);
+  setobj2s(L, top, tm);  /* will call metamethod... */
+  setobj2s(L, top + 1, obj);  /* with 'self' as the 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, top + 2, err);  /* and error msg. as 2nd argument */
+  L->top = top + 3;  /* add function and arguments */
+  if (yy)
+    luaD_call(L, top, 0);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, top, 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether object at given level has a close metamethod and raise
+** an error if not.
+*/
+static void checkclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, s2v(level), TM_CLOSE);
+  if (ttisnil(tm)) {  /* no metamethod? */
+    int idx = cast_int(level - L->ci->func);  /* variable index */
+    const char *vname = luaG_findlocal(L, L->ci, idx, NULL);
+    if (vname == NULL) vname = "?";
+    luaG_runerror(L, "variable '%s' got a non-closable value", vname);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prepare and call a closing method.
+** If status is CLOSEKTOP, the call to the closing method will be pushed
+** at the top of the stack. Otherwise, values can be pushed right after
+** the 'level' of the upvalue being closed, as everything after that
+** won't be used again.
+*/
+static void prepcallclosemth (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy) {
+  TValue *uv = s2v(level);  /* value being closed */
+  TValue *errobj;
+  if (status == CLOSEKTOP)
+    errobj = &G(L)->nilvalue;  /* error object is nil */
+  else {  /* 'luaD_seterrorobj' will set top to level + 2 */
+    errobj = s2v(level + 1);  /* error object goes after 'uv' */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, level + 1);  /* set error object */
+  }
+  callclosemethod(L, uv, errobj, yy);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum value for deltas in 'tbclist', dependent on the type
+** of delta. (This macro assumes that an 'L' is in scope where it
+** is used.)
+*/
+#define MAXDELTA  \
+	((256ul << ((sizeof(L->stack->tbclist.delta) - 1) * 8)) - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** Insert a variable in the list of to-be-closed variables.
+*/
+void luaF_newtbcupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  lua_assert(level > L->tbclist);
+  if (l_isfalse(s2v(level)))
+    return;  /* false doesn't need to be closed */
+  checkclosemth(L, level);  /* value must have a close method */
+  while (cast_uint(level - L->tbclist) > MAXDELTA) {
+    L->tbclist += MAXDELTA;  /* create a dummy node at maximum delta */
+    L->tbclist->tbclist.delta = 0;
+  }
+  level->tbclist.delta = cast(unsigned short, level - L->tbclist);
+  L->tbclist = level;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv) {
+  lua_assert(upisopen(uv));
+  *uv->u.open.previous = uv->u.open.next;
+  if (uv->u.open.next)
+    uv->u.open.next->u.open.previous = uv->u.open.previous;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close all upvalues up to the given stack level.
+*/
+void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level) {
+  UpVal *uv;
+  StkId upl;  /* stack index pointed by 'uv' */
+  while ((uv = L->openupval) != NULL && (upl = uplevel(uv)) >= level) {
+    TValue *slot = &uv->u.value;  /* new position for value */
+    lua_assert(uplevel(uv) < L->top);
+    luaF_unlinkupval(uv);  /* remove upvalue from 'openupval' list */
+    setobj(L, slot, uv->v);  /* move value to upvalue slot */
+    uv->v = slot;  /* now current value lives here */
+    if (!iswhite(uv)) {  /* neither white nor dead? */
+      nw2black(uv);  /* closed upvalues cannot be gray */
+      luaC_barrier(L, uv, slot);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Remove firt element from the tbclist plus its dummy nodes.
+*/
+static void poptbclist (lua_State *L) {
+  StkId tbc = L->tbclist;
+  lua_assert(tbc->tbclist.delta > 0);  /* first element cannot be dummy */
+  tbc -= tbc->tbclist.delta;
+  while (tbc > L->stack && tbc->tbclist.delta == 0)
+    tbc -= MAXDELTA;  /* remove dummy nodes */
+  L->tbclist = tbc;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close all upvalues and to-be-closed variables up to the given stack
+** level.
+*/
+void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy) {
+  ptrdiff_t levelrel = savestack(L, level);
+  luaF_closeupval(L, level);  /* first, close the upvalues */
+  while (L->tbclist >= level) {  /* traverse tbc's down to that level */
+    StkId tbc = L->tbclist;  /* get variable index */
+    poptbclist(L);  /* remove it from list */
+    prepcallclosemth(L, tbc, status, yy);  /* close variable */
+    level = restorestack(L, levelrel);
+  }
+}
+
+
+Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VPROTO, sizeof(Proto));
+  Proto *f = gco2p(o);
+  f->k = NULL;
+  f->sizek = 0;
+  f->p = NULL;
+  f->sizep = 0;
+  f->code = NULL;
+  f->sizecode = 0;
+  f->lineinfo = NULL;
+  f->sizelineinfo = 0;
+  f->abslineinfo = NULL;
+  f->sizeabslineinfo = 0;
+  f->upvalues = NULL;
+  f->sizeupvalues = 0;
+  f->numparams = 0;
+  f->is_vararg = 0;
+  f->maxstacksize = 0;
+  f->locvars = NULL;
+  f->sizelocvars = 0;
+  f->linedefined = 0;
+  f->lastlinedefined = 0;
+  f->source = NULL;
+  return f;
+}
+
+
+void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f) {
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->code, f->sizecode);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->p, f->sizep);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->k, f->sizek);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->abslineinfo, f->sizeabslineinfo);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars);
+  luaM_freearray(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues);
+  luaM_free(L, f);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for n-th local variable at line 'line' in function 'func'.
+** Returns NULL if not found.
+*/
+const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *f, int local_number, int pc) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i<f->sizelocvars && f->locvars[i].startpc <= pc; i++) {
+    if (pc < f->locvars[i].endpc) {  /* is variable active? */
+      local_number--;
+      if (local_number == 0)
+        return getstr(f->locvars[i].varname);
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* not found */
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lfunc.h b/external/lua/src/lfunc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc1cebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lfunc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lfunc.h $
+** Auxiliary functions to manipulate prototypes and closures
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lfunc_h
+#define lfunc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define sizeCclosure(n)	(cast_int(offsetof(CClosure, upvalue)) + \
+                         cast_int(sizeof(TValue)) * (n))
+
+#define sizeLclosure(n)	(cast_int(offsetof(LClosure, upvals)) + \
+                         cast_int(sizeof(TValue *)) * (n))
+
+
+/* test whether thread is in 'twups' list */
+#define isintwups(L)	(L->twups != L)
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of upvalues in a closure (both C and Lua). (Value
+** must fit in a VM register.)
+*/
+#define MAXUPVAL	255
+
+
+#define upisopen(up)	((up)->v != &(up)->u.value)
+
+
+#define uplevel(up)	check_exp(upisopen(up), cast(StkId, (up)->v))
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of misses before giving up the cache of closures
+** in prototypes
+*/
+#define MAXMISS		10
+
+
+
+/* special status to close upvalues preserving the top of the stack */
+#define CLOSEKTOP	(-1)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC Proto *luaF_newproto (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC CClosure *luaF_newCclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaF_newLclosure (lua_State *L, int nupvals);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_initupvals (lua_State *L, LClosure *cl);
+LUAI_FUNC UpVal *luaF_findupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_newtbcupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_closeupval (lua_State *L, StkId level);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_close (lua_State *L, StkId level, int status, int yy);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_unlinkupval (UpVal *uv);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaF_freeproto (lua_State *L, Proto *f);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaF_getlocalname (const Proto *func, int local_number,
+                                         int pc);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lgc.c b/external/lua/src/lgc.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b360eed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lgc.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1728 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.c $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lgc_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum number of elements to sweep in each single step.
+** (Large enough to dissipate fixed overheads but small enough
+** to allow small steps for the collector.)
+*/
+#define GCSWEEPMAX	100
+
+/*
+** Maximum number of finalizers to call in each single step.
+*/
+#define GCFINMAX	10
+
+
+/*
+** Cost of calling one finalizer.
+*/
+#define GCFINALIZECOST	50
+
+
+/*
+** The equivalent, in bytes, of one unit of "work" (visiting a slot,
+** sweeping an object, etc.)
+*/
+#define WORK2MEM	sizeof(TValue)
+
+
+/*
+** macro to adjust 'pause': 'pause' is actually used like
+** 'pause / PAUSEADJ' (value chosen by tests)
+*/
+#define PAUSEADJ		100
+
+
+/* mask with all color bits */
+#define maskcolors	(bitmask(BLACKBIT) | WHITEBITS)
+
+/* mask with all GC bits */
+#define maskgcbits      (maskcolors | AGEBITS)
+
+
+/* macro to erase all color bits then set only the current white bit */
+#define makewhite(g,x)	\
+  (x->marked = cast_byte((x->marked & ~maskcolors) | luaC_white(g)))
+
+/* make an object gray (neither white nor black) */
+#define set2gray(x)	resetbits(x->marked, maskcolors)
+
+
+/* make an object black (coming from any color) */
+#define set2black(x)  \
+  (x->marked = cast_byte((x->marked & ~WHITEBITS) | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
+
+
+#define valiswhite(x)   (iscollectable(x) && iswhite(gcvalue(x)))
+
+#define keyiswhite(n)   (keyiscollectable(n) && iswhite(gckey(n)))
+
+
+/*
+** Protected access to objects in values
+*/
+#define gcvalueN(o)     (iscollectable(o) ? gcvalue(o) : NULL)
+
+
+#define markvalue(g,o) { checkliveness(g->mainthread,o); \
+  if (valiswhite(o)) reallymarkobject(g,gcvalue(o)); }
+
+#define markkey(g, n)	{ if keyiswhite(n) reallymarkobject(g,gckey(n)); }
+
+#define markobject(g,t)	{ if (iswhite(t)) reallymarkobject(g, obj2gco(t)); }
+
+/*
+** mark an object that can be NULL (either because it is really optional,
+** or it was stripped as debug info, or inside an uncompleted structure)
+*/
+#define markobjectN(g,t)	{ if (t) markobject(g,t); }
+
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o);
+static lu_mem atomic (lua_State *L);
+static void entersweep (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generic functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** one after last element in a hash array
+*/
+#define gnodelast(h)	gnode(h, cast_sizet(sizenode(h)))
+
+
+static GCObject **getgclist (GCObject *o) {
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VTABLE: return &gco2t(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VLCL: return &gco2lcl(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VCCL: return &gco2ccl(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VTHREAD: return &gco2th(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VPROTO: return &gco2p(o)->gclist;
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      Udata *u = gco2u(o);
+      lua_assert(u->nuvalue > 0);
+      return &u->gclist;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Link a collectable object 'o' with a known type into the list 'p'.
+** (Must be a macro to access the 'gclist' field in different types.)
+*/
+#define linkgclist(o,p)	linkgclist_(obj2gco(o), &(o)->gclist, &(p))
+
+static void linkgclist_ (GCObject *o, GCObject **pnext, GCObject **list) {
+  lua_assert(!isgray(o));  /* cannot be in a gray list */
+  *pnext = *list;
+  *list = o;
+  set2gray(o);  /* now it is */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Link a generic collectable object 'o' into the list 'p'.
+*/
+#define linkobjgclist(o,p) linkgclist_(obj2gco(o), getgclist(o), &(p))
+
+
+
+/*
+** Clear keys for empty entries in tables. If entry is empty, mark its
+** entry as dead. This allows the collection of the key, but keeps its
+** entry in the table: its removal could break a chain and could break
+** a table traversal.  Other places never manipulate dead keys, because
+** its associated empty value is enough to signal that the entry is
+** logically empty.
+*/
+static void clearkey (Node *n) {
+  lua_assert(isempty(gval(n)));
+  if (keyiscollectable(n))
+    setdeadkey(n);  /* unused key; remove it */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** tells whether a key or value can be cleared from a weak
+** table. Non-collectable objects are never removed from weak
+** tables. Strings behave as 'values', so are never removed too. for
+** other objects: if really collected, cannot keep them; for objects
+** being finalized, keep them in keys, but not in values
+*/
+static int iscleared (global_State *g, const GCObject *o) {
+  if (o == NULL) return 0;  /* non-collectable value */
+  else if (novariant(o->tt) == LUA_TSTRING) {
+    markobject(g, o);  /* strings are 'values', so are never weak */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else return iswhite(o);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Barrier that moves collector forward, that is, marks the white object
+** 'v' being pointed by the black object 'o'.  In the generational
+** mode, 'v' must also become old, if 'o' is old; however, it cannot
+** be changed directly to OLD, because it may still point to non-old
+** objects. So, it is marked as OLD0. In the next cycle it will become
+** OLD1, and in the next it will finally become OLD (regular old). By
+** then, any object it points to will also be old.  If called in the
+** incremental sweep phase, it clears the black object to white (sweep
+** it) to avoid other barrier calls for this same object. (That cannot
+** be done is generational mode, as its sweep does not distinguish
+** whites from deads.)
+*/
+void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(isblack(o) && iswhite(v) && !isdead(g, v) && !isdead(g, o));
+  if (keepinvariant(g)) {  /* must keep invariant? */
+    reallymarkobject(g, v);  /* restore invariant */
+    if (isold(o)) {
+      lua_assert(!isold(v));  /* white object could not be old */
+      setage(v, G_OLD0);  /* restore generational invariant */
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* sweep phase */
+    lua_assert(issweepphase(g));
+    if (g->gckind == KGC_INC)  /* incremental mode? */
+      makewhite(g, o);  /* mark 'o' as white to avoid other barriers */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** barrier that moves collector backward, that is, mark the black object
+** pointing to a white object as gray again.
+*/
+void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(isblack(o) && !isdead(g, o));
+  lua_assert((g->gckind == KGC_GEN) == (isold(o) && getage(o) != G_TOUCHED1));
+  if (getage(o) == G_TOUCHED2)  /* already in gray list? */
+    set2gray(o);  /* make it gray to become touched1 */
+  else  /* link it in 'grayagain' and paint it gray */
+    linkobjgclist(o, g->grayagain);
+  if (isold(o))  /* generational mode? */
+    setage(o, G_TOUCHED1);  /* touched in current cycle */
+}
+
+
+void luaC_fix (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(g->allgc == o);  /* object must be 1st in 'allgc' list! */
+  set2gray(o);  /* they will be gray forever */
+  setage(o, G_OLD);  /* and old forever */
+  g->allgc = o->next;  /* remove object from 'allgc' list */
+  o->next = g->fixedgc;  /* link it to 'fixedgc' list */
+  g->fixedgc = o;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new collectable object (with given type and size) and link
+** it to 'allgc' list.
+*/
+GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  GCObject *o = cast(GCObject *, luaM_newobject(L, novariant(tt), sz));
+  o->marked = luaC_white(g);
+  o->tt = tt;
+  o->next = g->allgc;
+  g->allgc = o;
+  return o;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Mark functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Mark an object.  Userdata with no user values, strings, and closed
+** upvalues are visited and turned black here.  Open upvalues are
+** already indirectly linked through their respective threads in the
+** 'twups' list, so they don't go to the gray list; nevertheless, they
+** are kept gray to avoid barriers, as their values will be revisited
+** by the thread or by 'remarkupvals'.  Other objects are added to the
+** gray list to be visited (and turned black) later.  Both userdata and
+** upvalues can call this function recursively, but this recursion goes
+** for at most two levels: An upvalue cannot refer to another upvalue
+** (only closures can), and a userdata's metatable must be a table.
+*/
+static void reallymarkobject (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      set2black(o);  /* nothing to visit */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VUPVAL: {
+      UpVal *uv = gco2upv(o);
+      if (upisopen(uv))
+        set2gray(uv);  /* open upvalues are kept gray */
+      else
+        set2black(uv);  /* closed upvalues are visited here */
+      markvalue(g, uv->v);  /* mark its content */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      Udata *u = gco2u(o);
+      if (u->nuvalue == 0) {  /* no user values? */
+        markobjectN(g, u->metatable);  /* mark its metatable */
+        set2black(u);  /* nothing else to mark */
+        break;
+      }
+      /* else... */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case LUA_VLCL: case LUA_VCCL: case LUA_VTABLE:
+    case LUA_VTHREAD: case LUA_VPROTO: {
+      linkobjgclist(o, g->gray);  /* to be visited later */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0); break;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark metamethods for basic types
+*/
+static void markmt (global_State *g) {
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++)
+    markobjectN(g, g->mt[i]);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark all objects in list of being-finalized
+*/
+static lu_mem markbeingfnz (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject *o;
+  lu_mem count = 0;
+  for (o = g->tobefnz; o != NULL; o = o->next) {
+    count++;
+    markobject(g, o);
+  }
+  return count;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** For each non-marked thread, simulates a barrier between each open
+** upvalue and its value. (If the thread is collected, the value will be
+** assigned to the upvalue, but then it can be too late for the barrier
+** to act. The "barrier" does not need to check colors: A non-marked
+** thread must be young; upvalues cannot be older than their threads; so
+** any visited upvalue must be young too.) Also removes the thread from
+** the list, as it was already visited. Removes also threads with no
+** upvalues, as they have nothing to be checked. (If the thread gets an
+** upvalue later, it will be linked in the list again.)
+*/
+static int remarkupvals (global_State *g) {
+  lua_State *thread;
+  lua_State **p = &g->twups;
+  int work = 0;  /* estimate of how much work was done here */
+  while ((thread = *p) != NULL) {
+    work++;
+    if (!iswhite(thread) && thread->openupval != NULL)
+      p = &thread->twups;  /* keep marked thread with upvalues in the list */
+    else {  /* thread is not marked or without upvalues */
+      UpVal *uv;
+      lua_assert(!isold(thread) || thread->openupval == NULL);
+      *p = thread->twups;  /* remove thread from the list */
+      thread->twups = thread;  /* mark that it is out of list */
+      for (uv = thread->openupval; uv != NULL; uv = uv->u.open.next) {
+        lua_assert(getage(uv) <= getage(thread));
+        work++;
+        if (!iswhite(uv)) {  /* upvalue already visited? */
+          lua_assert(upisopen(uv) && isgray(uv));
+          markvalue(g, uv->v);  /* mark its value */
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return work;
+}
+
+
+static void cleargraylists (global_State *g) {
+  g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+  g->weak = g->allweak = g->ephemeron = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** mark root set and reset all gray lists, to start a new collection
+*/
+static void restartcollection (global_State *g) {
+  cleargraylists(g);
+  markobject(g, g->mainthread);
+  markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+  markmt(g);
+  markbeingfnz(g);  /* mark any finalizing object left from previous cycle */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Traverse functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether object 'o' should be kept in the 'grayagain' list for
+** post-processing by 'correctgraylist'. (It could put all old objects
+** in the list and leave all the work to 'correctgraylist', but it is
+** more efficient to avoid adding elements that will be removed.) Only
+** TOUCHED1 objects need to be in the list. TOUCHED2 doesn't need to go
+** back to a gray list, but then it must become OLD. (That is what
+** 'correctgraylist' does when it finds a TOUCHED2 object.)
+*/
+static void genlink (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+  lua_assert(isblack(o));
+  if (getage(o) == G_TOUCHED1) {  /* touched in this cycle? */
+    linkobjgclist(o, g->grayagain);  /* link it back in 'grayagain' */
+  }  /* everything else do not need to be linked back */
+  else if (getage(o) == G_TOUCHED2)
+    changeage(o, G_TOUCHED2, G_OLD);  /* advance age */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a table with weak values and link it to proper list. During
+** propagate phase, keep it in 'grayagain' list, to be revisited in the
+** atomic phase. In the atomic phase, if table has any white value,
+** put it in 'weak' list, to be cleared.
+*/
+static void traverseweakvalue (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+  Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+  /* if there is array part, assume it may have white values (it is not
+     worth traversing it now just to check) */
+  int hasclears = (h->alimit > 0);
+  for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {  /* traverse hash part */
+    if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
+      clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    else {
+      lua_assert(!keyisnil(n));
+      markkey(g, n);
+      if (!hasclears && iscleared(g, gcvalueN(gval(n))))  /* a white value? */
+        hasclears = 1;  /* table will have to be cleared */
+    }
+  }
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSatomic && hasclears)
+    linkgclist(h, g->weak);  /* has to be cleared later */
+  else
+    linkgclist(h, g->grayagain);  /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse an ephemeron table and link it to proper list. Returns true
+** iff any object was marked during this traversal (which implies that
+** convergence has to continue). During propagation phase, keep table
+** in 'grayagain' list, to be visited again in the atomic phase. In
+** the atomic phase, if table has any white->white entry, it has to
+** be revisited during ephemeron convergence (as that key may turn
+** black). Otherwise, if it has any white key, table has to be cleared
+** (in the atomic phase). In generational mode, some tables
+** must be kept in some gray list for post-processing; this is done
+** by 'genlink'.
+*/
+static int traverseephemeron (global_State *g, Table *h, int inv) {
+  int marked = 0;  /* true if an object is marked in this traversal */
+  int hasclears = 0;  /* true if table has white keys */
+  int hasww = 0;  /* true if table has entry "white-key -> white-value" */
+  unsigned int i;
+  unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(h);
+  unsigned int nsize = sizenode(h);
+  /* traverse array part */
+  for (i = 0; i < asize; i++) {
+    if (valiswhite(&h->array[i])) {
+      marked = 1;
+      reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(&h->array[i]));
+    }
+  }
+  /* traverse hash part; if 'inv', traverse descending
+     (see 'convergeephemerons') */
+  for (i = 0; i < nsize; i++) {
+    Node *n = inv ? gnode(h, nsize - 1 - i) : gnode(h, i);
+    if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
+      clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    else if (iscleared(g, gckeyN(n))) {  /* key is not marked (yet)? */
+      hasclears = 1;  /* table must be cleared */
+      if (valiswhite(gval(n)))  /* value not marked yet? */
+        hasww = 1;  /* white-white entry */
+    }
+    else if (valiswhite(gval(n))) {  /* value not marked yet? */
+      marked = 1;
+      reallymarkobject(g, gcvalue(gval(n)));  /* mark it now */
+    }
+  }
+  /* link table into proper list */
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
+    linkgclist(h, g->grayagain);  /* must retraverse it in atomic phase */
+  else if (hasww)  /* table has white->white entries? */
+    linkgclist(h, g->ephemeron);  /* have to propagate again */
+  else if (hasclears)  /* table has white keys? */
+    linkgclist(h, g->allweak);  /* may have to clean white keys */
+  else
+    genlink(g, obj2gco(h));  /* check whether collector still needs to see it */
+  return marked;
+}
+
+
+static void traversestrongtable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+  Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+  unsigned int i;
+  unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(h);
+  for (i = 0; i < asize; i++)  /* traverse array part */
+    markvalue(g, &h->array[i]);
+  for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {  /* traverse hash part */
+    if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* entry is empty? */
+      clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    else {
+      lua_assert(!keyisnil(n));
+      markkey(g, n);
+      markvalue(g, gval(n));
+    }
+  }
+  genlink(g, obj2gco(h));
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem traversetable (global_State *g, Table *h) {
+  const char *weakkey, *weakvalue;
+  const TValue *mode = gfasttm(g, h->metatable, TM_MODE);
+  markobjectN(g, h->metatable);
+  if (mode && ttisstring(mode) &&  /* is there a weak mode? */
+      (cast_void(weakkey = strchr(svalue(mode), 'k')),
+       cast_void(weakvalue = strchr(svalue(mode), 'v')),
+       (weakkey || weakvalue))) {  /* is really weak? */
+    if (!weakkey)  /* strong keys? */
+      traverseweakvalue(g, h);
+    else if (!weakvalue)  /* strong values? */
+      traverseephemeron(g, h, 0);
+    else  /* all weak */
+      linkgclist(h, g->allweak);  /* nothing to traverse now */
+  }
+  else  /* not weak */
+    traversestrongtable(g, h);
+  return 1 + h->alimit + 2 * allocsizenode(h);
+}
+
+
+static int traverseudata (global_State *g, Udata *u) {
+  int i;
+  markobjectN(g, u->metatable);  /* mark its metatable */
+  for (i = 0; i < u->nuvalue; i++)
+    markvalue(g, &u->uv[i].uv);
+  genlink(g, obj2gco(u));
+  return 1 + u->nuvalue;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a prototype. (While a prototype is being build, its
+** arrays can be larger than needed; the extra slots are filled with
+** NULL, so the use of 'markobjectN')
+*/
+static int traverseproto (global_State *g, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  markobjectN(g, f->source);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizek; i++)  /* mark literals */
+    markvalue(g, &f->k[i]);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizeupvalues; i++)  /* mark upvalue names */
+    markobjectN(g, f->upvalues[i].name);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizep; i++)  /* mark nested protos */
+    markobjectN(g, f->p[i]);
+  for (i = 0; i < f->sizelocvars; i++)  /* mark local-variable names */
+    markobjectN(g, f->locvars[i].varname);
+  return 1 + f->sizek + f->sizeupvalues + f->sizep + f->sizelocvars;
+}
+
+
+static int traverseCclosure (global_State *g, CClosure *cl) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++)  /* mark its upvalues */
+    markvalue(g, &cl->upvalue[i]);
+  return 1 + cl->nupvalues;
+}
+
+/*
+** Traverse a Lua closure, marking its prototype and its upvalues.
+** (Both can be NULL while closure is being created.)
+*/
+static int traverseLclosure (global_State *g, LClosure *cl) {
+  int i;
+  markobjectN(g, cl->p);  /* mark its prototype */
+  for (i = 0; i < cl->nupvalues; i++) {  /* visit its upvalues */
+    UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[i];
+    markobjectN(g, uv);  /* mark upvalue */
+  }
+  return 1 + cl->nupvalues;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a thread, marking the elements in the stack up to its top
+** and cleaning the rest of the stack in the final traversal. That
+** ensures that the entire stack have valid (non-dead) objects.
+** Threads have no barriers. In gen. mode, old threads must be visited
+** at every cycle, because they might point to young objects.  In inc.
+** mode, the thread can still be modified before the end of the cycle,
+** and therefore it must be visited again in the atomic phase. To ensure
+** these visits, threads must return to a gray list if they are not new
+** (which can only happen in generational mode) or if the traverse is in
+** the propagate phase (which can only happen in incremental mode).
+*/
+static int traversethread (global_State *g, lua_State *th) {
+  UpVal *uv;
+  StkId o = th->stack;
+  if (isold(th) || g->gcstate == GCSpropagate)
+    linkgclist(th, g->grayagain);  /* insert into 'grayagain' list */
+  if (o == NULL)
+    return 1;  /* stack not completely built yet */
+  lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSatomic ||
+             th->openupval == NULL || isintwups(th));
+  for (; o < th->top; o++)  /* mark live elements in the stack */
+    markvalue(g, s2v(o));
+  for (uv = th->openupval; uv != NULL; uv = uv->u.open.next)
+    markobject(g, uv);  /* open upvalues cannot be collected */
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSatomic) {  /* final traversal? */
+    for (; o < th->stack_last + EXTRA_STACK; o++)
+      setnilvalue(s2v(o));  /* clear dead stack slice */
+    /* 'remarkupvals' may have removed thread from 'twups' list */
+    if (!isintwups(th) && th->openupval != NULL) {
+      th->twups = g->twups;  /* link it back to the list */
+      g->twups = th;
+    }
+  }
+  else if (!g->gcemergency)
+    luaD_shrinkstack(th); /* do not change stack in emergency cycle */
+  return 1 + stacksize(th);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** traverse one gray object, turning it to black.
+*/
+static lu_mem propagatemark (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject *o = g->gray;
+  nw2black(o);
+  g->gray = *getgclist(o);  /* remove from 'gray' list */
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VTABLE: return traversetable(g, gco2t(o));
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: return traverseudata(g, gco2u(o));
+    case LUA_VLCL: return traverseLclosure(g, gco2lcl(o));
+    case LUA_VCCL: return traverseCclosure(g, gco2ccl(o));
+    case LUA_VPROTO: return traverseproto(g, gco2p(o));
+    case LUA_VTHREAD: return traversethread(g, gco2th(o));
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem propagateall (global_State *g) {
+  lu_mem tot = 0;
+  while (g->gray)
+    tot += propagatemark(g);
+  return tot;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse all ephemeron tables propagating marks from keys to values.
+** Repeat until it converges, that is, nothing new is marked. 'dir'
+** inverts the direction of the traversals, trying to speed up
+** convergence on chains in the same table.
+**
+*/
+static void convergeephemerons (global_State *g) {
+  int changed;
+  int dir = 0;
+  do {
+    GCObject *w;
+    GCObject *next = g->ephemeron;  /* get ephemeron list */
+    g->ephemeron = NULL;  /* tables may return to this list when traversed */
+    changed = 0;
+    while ((w = next) != NULL) {  /* for each ephemeron table */
+      Table *h = gco2t(w);
+      next = h->gclist;  /* list is rebuilt during loop */
+      nw2black(h);  /* out of the list (for now) */
+      if (traverseephemeron(g, h, dir)) {  /* marked some value? */
+        propagateall(g);  /* propagate changes */
+        changed = 1;  /* will have to revisit all ephemeron tables */
+      }
+    }
+    dir = !dir;  /* invert direction next time */
+  } while (changed);  /* repeat until no more changes */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Sweep Functions
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked keys from all weaktables in list 'l'
+*/
+static void clearbykeys (global_State *g, GCObject *l) {
+  for (; l; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+    Table *h = gco2t(l);
+    Node *limit = gnodelast(h);
+    Node *n;
+    for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+      if (iscleared(g, gckeyN(n)))  /* unmarked key? */
+        setempty(gval(n));  /* remove entry */
+      if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* is entry empty? */
+        clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** clear entries with unmarked values from all weaktables in list 'l' up
+** to element 'f'
+*/
+static void clearbyvalues (global_State *g, GCObject *l, GCObject *f) {
+  for (; l != f; l = gco2t(l)->gclist) {
+    Table *h = gco2t(l);
+    Node *n, *limit = gnodelast(h);
+    unsigned int i;
+    unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(h);
+    for (i = 0; i < asize; i++) {
+      TValue *o = &h->array[i];
+      if (iscleared(g, gcvalueN(o)))  /* value was collected? */
+        setempty(o);  /* remove entry */
+    }
+    for (n = gnode(h, 0); n < limit; n++) {
+      if (iscleared(g, gcvalueN(gval(n))))  /* unmarked value? */
+        setempty(gval(n));  /* remove entry */
+      if (isempty(gval(n)))  /* is entry empty? */
+        clearkey(n);  /* clear its key */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void freeupval (lua_State *L, UpVal *uv) {
+  if (upisopen(uv))
+    luaF_unlinkupval(uv);
+  luaM_free(L, uv);
+}
+
+
+static void freeobj (lua_State *L, GCObject *o) {
+  switch (o->tt) {
+    case LUA_VPROTO:
+      luaF_freeproto(L, gco2p(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VUPVAL:
+      freeupval(L, gco2upv(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VLCL: {
+      LClosure *cl = gco2lcl(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, cl, sizeLclosure(cl->nupvalues));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VCCL: {
+      CClosure *cl = gco2ccl(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, cl, sizeCclosure(cl->nupvalues));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VTABLE:
+      luaH_free(L, gco2t(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VTHREAD:
+      luaE_freethread(L, gco2th(o));
+      break;
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      Udata *u = gco2u(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, o, sizeudata(u->nuvalue, u->len));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: {
+      TString *ts = gco2ts(o);
+      luaS_remove(L, ts);  /* remove it from hash table */
+      luaM_freemem(L, ts, sizelstring(ts->shrlen));
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      TString *ts = gco2ts(o);
+      luaM_freemem(L, ts, sizelstring(ts->u.lnglen));
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** sweep at most 'countin' elements from a list of GCObjects erasing dead
+** objects, where a dead object is one marked with the old (non current)
+** white; change all non-dead objects back to white, preparing for next
+** collection cycle. Return where to continue the traversal or NULL if
+** list is finished. ('*countout' gets the number of elements traversed.)
+*/
+static GCObject **sweeplist (lua_State *L, GCObject **p, int countin,
+                             int *countout) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  int ow = otherwhite(g);
+  int i;
+  int white = luaC_white(g);  /* current white */
+  for (i = 0; *p != NULL && i < countin; i++) {
+    GCObject *curr = *p;
+    int marked = curr->marked;
+    if (isdeadm(ow, marked)) {  /* is 'curr' dead? */
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from list */
+      freeobj(L, curr);  /* erase 'curr' */
+    }
+    else {  /* change mark to 'white' */
+      curr->marked = cast_byte((marked & ~maskgcbits) | white);
+      p = &curr->next;  /* go to next element */
+    }
+  }
+  if (countout)
+    *countout = i;  /* number of elements traversed */
+  return (*p == NULL) ? NULL : p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** sweep a list until a live object (or end of list)
+*/
+static GCObject **sweeptolive (lua_State *L, GCObject **p) {
+  GCObject **old = p;
+  do {
+    p = sweeplist(L, p, 1, NULL);
+  } while (p == old);
+  return p;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Finalization
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** If possible, shrink string table.
+*/
+static void checkSizes (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  if (!g->gcemergency) {
+    if (g->strt.nuse < g->strt.size / 4) {  /* string table too big? */
+      l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
+      luaS_resize(L, g->strt.size / 2);
+      g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt;  /* correct estimate */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the next udata to be finalized from the 'tobefnz' list, and
+** link it back into the 'allgc' list.
+*/
+static GCObject *udata2finalize (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject *o = g->tobefnz;  /* get first element */
+  lua_assert(tofinalize(o));
+  g->tobefnz = o->next;  /* remove it from 'tobefnz' list */
+  o->next = g->allgc;  /* return it to 'allgc' list */
+  g->allgc = o;
+  resetbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT);  /* object is "normal" again */
+  if (issweepphase(g))
+    makewhite(g, o);  /* "sweep" object */
+  else if (getage(o) == G_OLD1)
+    g->firstold1 = o;  /* it is the first OLD1 object in the list */
+  return o;
+}
+
+
+static void dothecall (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  UNUSED(ud);
+  luaD_callnoyield(L, L->top - 2, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void GCTM (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  const TValue *tm;
+  TValue v;
+  lua_assert(!g->gcemergency);
+  setgcovalue(L, &v, udata2finalize(g));
+  tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, &v, TM_GC);
+  if (!notm(tm)) {  /* is there a finalizer? */
+    int status;
+    lu_byte oldah = L->allowhook;
+    int running  = g->gcrunning;
+    L->allowhook = 0;  /* stop debug hooks during GC metamethod */
+    g->gcrunning = 0;  /* avoid GC steps */
+    setobj2s(L, L->top++, tm);  /* push finalizer... */
+    setobj2s(L, L->top++, &v);  /* ... and its argument */
+    L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_FIN;  /* will run a finalizer */
+    status = luaD_pcall(L, dothecall, NULL, savestack(L, L->top - 2), 0);
+    L->ci->callstatus &= ~CIST_FIN;  /* not running a finalizer anymore */
+    L->allowhook = oldah;  /* restore hooks */
+    g->gcrunning = running;  /* restore state */
+    if (l_unlikely(status != LUA_OK)) {  /* error while running __gc? */
+      luaE_warnerror(L, "__gc metamethod");
+      L->top--;  /* pops error object */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call a few finalizers
+*/
+static int runafewfinalizers (lua_State *L, int n) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < n && g->tobefnz; i++)
+    GCTM(L);  /* call one finalizer */
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** call all pending finalizers
+*/
+static void callallpendingfinalizers (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  while (g->tobefnz)
+    GCTM(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** find last 'next' field in list 'p' list (to add elements in its end)
+*/
+static GCObject **findlast (GCObject **p) {
+  while (*p != NULL)
+    p = &(*p)->next;
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Move all unreachable objects (or 'all' objects) that need
+** finalization from list 'finobj' to list 'tobefnz' (to be finalized).
+** (Note that objects after 'finobjold1' cannot be white, so they
+** don't need to be traversed. In incremental mode, 'finobjold1' is NULL,
+** so the whole list is traversed.)
+*/
+static void separatetobefnz (global_State *g, int all) {
+  GCObject *curr;
+  GCObject **p = &g->finobj;
+  GCObject **lastnext = findlast(&g->tobefnz);
+  while ((curr = *p) != g->finobjold1) {  /* traverse all finalizable objects */
+    lua_assert(tofinalize(curr));
+    if (!(iswhite(curr) || all))  /* not being collected? */
+      p = &curr->next;  /* don't bother with it */
+    else {
+      if (curr == g->finobjsur)  /* removing 'finobjsur'? */
+        g->finobjsur = curr->next;  /* correct it */
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from 'finobj' list */
+      curr->next = *lastnext;  /* link at the end of 'tobefnz' list */
+      *lastnext = curr;
+      lastnext = &curr->next;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** If pointer 'p' points to 'o', move it to the next element.
+*/
+static void checkpointer (GCObject **p, GCObject *o) {
+  if (o == *p)
+    *p = o->next;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Correct pointers to objects inside 'allgc' list when
+** object 'o' is being removed from the list.
+*/
+static void correctpointers (global_State *g, GCObject *o) {
+  checkpointer(&g->survival, o);
+  checkpointer(&g->old1, o);
+  checkpointer(&g->reallyold, o);
+  checkpointer(&g->firstold1, o);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** if object 'o' has a finalizer, remove it from 'allgc' list (must
+** search the list to find it) and link it in 'finobj' list.
+*/
+void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (tofinalize(o) ||                 /* obj. is already marked... */
+      gfasttm(g, mt, TM_GC) == NULL)   /* or has no finalizer? */
+    return;  /* nothing to be done */
+  else {  /* move 'o' to 'finobj' list */
+    GCObject **p;
+    if (issweepphase(g)) {
+      makewhite(g, o);  /* "sweep" object 'o' */
+      if (g->sweepgc == &o->next)  /* should not remove 'sweepgc' object */
+        g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, g->sweepgc);  /* change 'sweepgc' */
+    }
+    else
+      correctpointers(g, o);
+    /* search for pointer pointing to 'o' */
+    for (p = &g->allgc; *p != o; p = &(*p)->next) { /* empty */ }
+    *p = o->next;  /* remove 'o' from 'allgc' list */
+    o->next = g->finobj;  /* link it in 'finobj' list */
+    g->finobj = o;
+    l_setbit(o->marked, FINALIZEDBIT);  /* mark it as such */
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Generational Collector
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static void setpause (global_State *g);
+
+
+/*
+** Sweep a list of objects to enter generational mode.  Deletes dead
+** objects and turns the non dead to old. All non-dead threads---which
+** are now old---must be in a gray list. Everything else is not in a
+** gray list. Open upvalues are also kept gray.
+*/
+static void sweep2old (lua_State *L, GCObject **p) {
+  GCObject *curr;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  while ((curr = *p) != NULL) {
+    if (iswhite(curr)) {  /* is 'curr' dead? */
+      lua_assert(isdead(g, curr));
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from list */
+      freeobj(L, curr);  /* erase 'curr' */
+    }
+    else {  /* all surviving objects become old */
+      setage(curr, G_OLD);
+      if (curr->tt == LUA_VTHREAD) {  /* threads must be watched */
+        lua_State *th = gco2th(curr);
+        linkgclist(th, g->grayagain);  /* insert into 'grayagain' list */
+      }
+      else if (curr->tt == LUA_VUPVAL && upisopen(gco2upv(curr)))
+        set2gray(curr);  /* open upvalues are always gray */
+      else  /* everything else is black */
+        nw2black(curr);
+      p = &curr->next;  /* go to next element */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Sweep for generational mode. Delete dead objects. (Because the
+** collection is not incremental, there are no "new white" objects
+** during the sweep. So, any white object must be dead.) For
+** non-dead objects, advance their ages and clear the color of
+** new objects. (Old objects keep their colors.)
+** The ages of G_TOUCHED1 and G_TOUCHED2 objects cannot be advanced
+** here, because these old-generation objects are usually not swept
+** here.  They will all be advanced in 'correctgraylist'. That function
+** will also remove objects turned white here from any gray list.
+*/
+static GCObject **sweepgen (lua_State *L, global_State *g, GCObject **p,
+                            GCObject *limit, GCObject **pfirstold1) {
+  static const lu_byte nextage[] = {
+    G_SURVIVAL,  /* from G_NEW */
+    G_OLD1,      /* from G_SURVIVAL */
+    G_OLD1,      /* from G_OLD0 */
+    G_OLD,       /* from G_OLD1 */
+    G_OLD,       /* from G_OLD (do not change) */
+    G_TOUCHED1,  /* from G_TOUCHED1 (do not change) */
+    G_TOUCHED2   /* from G_TOUCHED2 (do not change) */
+  };
+  int white = luaC_white(g);
+  GCObject *curr;
+  while ((curr = *p) != limit) {
+    if (iswhite(curr)) {  /* is 'curr' dead? */
+      lua_assert(!isold(curr) && isdead(g, curr));
+      *p = curr->next;  /* remove 'curr' from list */
+      freeobj(L, curr);  /* erase 'curr' */
+    }
+    else {  /* correct mark and age */
+      if (getage(curr) == G_NEW) {  /* new objects go back to white */
+        int marked = curr->marked & ~maskgcbits;  /* erase GC bits */
+        curr->marked = cast_byte(marked | G_SURVIVAL | white);
+      }
+      else {  /* all other objects will be old, and so keep their color */
+        setage(curr, nextage[getage(curr)]);
+        if (getage(curr) == G_OLD1 && *pfirstold1 == NULL)
+          *pfirstold1 = curr;  /* first OLD1 object in the list */
+      }
+      p = &curr->next;  /* go to next element */
+    }
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Traverse a list making all its elements white and clearing their
+** age. In incremental mode, all objects are 'new' all the time,
+** except for fixed strings (which are always old).
+*/
+static void whitelist (global_State *g, GCObject *p) {
+  int white = luaC_white(g);
+  for (; p != NULL; p = p->next)
+    p->marked = cast_byte((p->marked & ~maskgcbits) | white);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Correct a list of gray objects. Return pointer to where rest of the
+** list should be linked.
+** Because this correction is done after sweeping, young objects might
+** be turned white and still be in the list. They are only removed.
+** 'TOUCHED1' objects are advanced to 'TOUCHED2' and remain on the list;
+** Non-white threads also remain on the list; 'TOUCHED2' objects become
+** regular old; they and anything else are removed from the list.
+*/
+static GCObject **correctgraylist (GCObject **p) {
+  GCObject *curr;
+  while ((curr = *p) != NULL) {
+    GCObject **next = getgclist(curr);
+    if (iswhite(curr))
+      goto remove;  /* remove all white objects */
+    else if (getage(curr) == G_TOUCHED1) {  /* touched in this cycle? */
+      lua_assert(isgray(curr));
+      nw2black(curr);  /* make it black, for next barrier */
+      changeage(curr, G_TOUCHED1, G_TOUCHED2);
+      goto remain;  /* keep it in the list and go to next element */
+    }
+    else if (curr->tt == LUA_VTHREAD) {
+      lua_assert(isgray(curr));
+      goto remain;  /* keep non-white threads on the list */
+    }
+    else {  /* everything else is removed */
+      lua_assert(isold(curr));  /* young objects should be white here */
+      if (getage(curr) == G_TOUCHED2)  /* advance from TOUCHED2... */
+        changeage(curr, G_TOUCHED2, G_OLD);  /* ... to OLD */
+      nw2black(curr);  /* make object black (to be removed) */
+      goto remove;
+    }
+    remove: *p = *next; continue;
+    remain: p = next; continue;
+  }
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Correct all gray lists, coalescing them into 'grayagain'.
+*/
+static void correctgraylists (global_State *g) {
+  GCObject **list = correctgraylist(&g->grayagain);
+  *list = g->weak; g->weak = NULL;
+  list = correctgraylist(list);
+  *list = g->allweak; g->allweak = NULL;
+  list = correctgraylist(list);
+  *list = g->ephemeron; g->ephemeron = NULL;
+  correctgraylist(list);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Mark black 'OLD1' objects when starting a new young collection.
+** Gray objects are already in some gray list, and so will be visited
+** in the atomic step.
+*/
+static void markold (global_State *g, GCObject *from, GCObject *to) {
+  GCObject *p;
+  for (p = from; p != to; p = p->next) {
+    if (getage(p) == G_OLD1) {
+      lua_assert(!iswhite(p));
+      changeage(p, G_OLD1, G_OLD);  /* now they are old */
+      if (isblack(p))
+        reallymarkobject(g, p);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a young-generation collection.
+*/
+static void finishgencycle (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  correctgraylists(g);
+  checkSizes(L, g);
+  g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;  /* skip restart */
+  if (!g->gcemergency)
+    callallpendingfinalizers(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a young collection. First, mark 'OLD1' objects. Then does the
+** atomic step. Then, sweep all lists and advance pointers. Finally,
+** finish the collection.
+*/
+static void youngcollection (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  GCObject **psurvival;  /* to point to first non-dead survival object */
+  GCObject *dummy;  /* dummy out parameter to 'sweepgen' */
+  lua_assert(g->gcstate == GCSpropagate);
+  if (g->firstold1) {  /* are there regular OLD1 objects? */
+    markold(g, g->firstold1, g->reallyold);  /* mark them */
+    g->firstold1 = NULL;  /* no more OLD1 objects (for now) */
+  }
+  markold(g, g->finobj, g->finobjrold);
+  markold(g, g->tobefnz, NULL);
+  atomic(L);
+
+  /* sweep nursery and get a pointer to its last live element */
+  g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
+  psurvival = sweepgen(L, g, &g->allgc, g->survival, &g->firstold1);
+  /* sweep 'survival' */
+  sweepgen(L, g, psurvival, g->old1, &g->firstold1);
+  g->reallyold = g->old1;
+  g->old1 = *psurvival;  /* 'survival' survivals are old now */
+  g->survival = g->allgc;  /* all news are survivals */
+
+  /* repeat for 'finobj' lists */
+  dummy = NULL;  /* no 'firstold1' optimization for 'finobj' lists */
+  psurvival = sweepgen(L, g, &g->finobj, g->finobjsur, &dummy);
+  /* sweep 'survival' */
+  sweepgen(L, g, psurvival, g->finobjold1, &dummy);
+  g->finobjrold = g->finobjold1;
+  g->finobjold1 = *psurvival;  /* 'survival' survivals are old now */
+  g->finobjsur = g->finobj;  /* all news are survivals */
+
+  sweepgen(L, g, &g->tobefnz, NULL, &dummy);
+  finishgencycle(L, g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Clears all gray lists, sweeps objects, and prepare sublists to enter
+** generational mode. The sweeps remove dead objects and turn all
+** surviving objects to old. Threads go back to 'grayagain'; everything
+** else is turned black (not in any gray list).
+*/
+static void atomic2gen (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  cleargraylists(g);
+  /* sweep all elements making them old */
+  g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
+  sweep2old(L, &g->allgc);
+  /* everything alive now is old */
+  g->reallyold = g->old1 = g->survival = g->allgc;
+  g->firstold1 = NULL;  /* there are no OLD1 objects anywhere */
+
+  /* repeat for 'finobj' lists */
+  sweep2old(L, &g->finobj);
+  g->finobjrold = g->finobjold1 = g->finobjsur = g->finobj;
+
+  sweep2old(L, &g->tobefnz);
+
+  g->gckind = KGC_GEN;
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+  g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);  /* base for memory control */
+  finishgencycle(L, g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Enter generational mode. Must go until the end of an atomic cycle
+** to ensure that all objects are correctly marked and weak tables
+** are cleared. Then, turn all objects into old and finishes the
+** collection.
+*/
+static lu_mem entergen (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  lu_mem numobjs;
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));  /* prepare to start a new cycle */
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));  /* start new cycle */
+  numobjs = atomic(L);  /* propagates all and then do the atomic stuff */
+  atomic2gen(L, g);
+  return numobjs;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Enter incremental mode. Turn all objects white, make all
+** intermediate lists point to NULL (to avoid invalid pointers),
+** and go to the pause state.
+*/
+static void enterinc (global_State *g) {
+  whitelist(g, g->allgc);
+  g->reallyold = g->old1 = g->survival = NULL;
+  whitelist(g, g->finobj);
+  whitelist(g, g->tobefnz);
+  g->finobjrold = g->finobjold1 = g->finobjsur = NULL;
+  g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+  g->gckind = KGC_INC;
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Change collector mode to 'newmode'.
+*/
+void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int newmode) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (newmode != g->gckind) {
+    if (newmode == KGC_GEN)  /* entering generational mode? */
+      entergen(L, g);
+    else
+      enterinc(g);  /* entering incremental mode */
+  }
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a full collection in generational mode.
+*/
+static lu_mem fullgen (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  enterinc(g);
+  return entergen(L, g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set debt for the next minor collection, which will happen when
+** memory grows 'genminormul'%.
+*/
+static void setminordebt (global_State *g) {
+  luaE_setdebt(g, -(cast(l_mem, (gettotalbytes(g) / 100)) * g->genminormul));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a major collection after last collection was a "bad collection".
+**
+** When the program is building a big structure, it allocates lots of
+** memory but generates very little garbage. In those scenarios,
+** the generational mode just wastes time doing small collections, and
+** major collections are frequently what we call a "bad collection", a
+** collection that frees too few objects. To avoid the cost of switching
+** between generational mode and the incremental mode needed for full
+** (major) collections, the collector tries to stay in incremental mode
+** after a bad collection, and to switch back to generational mode only
+** after a "good" collection (one that traverses less than 9/8 objects
+** of the previous one).
+** The collector must choose whether to stay in incremental mode or to
+** switch back to generational mode before sweeping. At this point, it
+** does not know the real memory in use, so it cannot use memory to
+** decide whether to return to generational mode. Instead, it uses the
+** number of objects traversed (returned by 'atomic') as a proxy. The
+** field 'g->lastatomic' keeps this count from the last collection.
+** ('g->lastatomic != 0' also means that the last collection was bad.)
+*/
+static void stepgenfull (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  lu_mem newatomic;  /* count of traversed objects */
+  lu_mem lastatomic = g->lastatomic;  /* count from last collection */
+  if (g->gckind == KGC_GEN)  /* still in generational mode? */
+    enterinc(g);  /* enter incremental mode */
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpropagate));  /* start new cycle */
+  newatomic = atomic(L);  /* mark everybody */
+  if (newatomic < lastatomic + (lastatomic >> 3)) {  /* good collection? */
+    atomic2gen(L, g);  /* return to generational mode */
+    setminordebt(g);
+  }
+  else {  /* another bad collection; stay in incremental mode */
+    g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);  /* first estimate */;
+    entersweep(L);
+    luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));  /* finish collection */
+    setpause(g);
+    g->lastatomic = newatomic;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does a generational "step".
+** Usually, this means doing a minor collection and setting the debt to
+** make another collection when memory grows 'genminormul'% larger.
+**
+** However, there are exceptions.  If memory grows 'genmajormul'%
+** larger than it was at the end of the last major collection (kept
+** in 'g->GCestimate'), the function does a major collection. At the
+** end, it checks whether the major collection was able to free a
+** decent amount of memory (at least half the growth in memory since
+** previous major collection). If so, the collector keeps its state,
+** and the next collection will probably be minor again. Otherwise,
+** we have what we call a "bad collection". In that case, set the field
+** 'g->lastatomic' to signal that fact, so that the next collection will
+** go to 'stepgenfull'.
+**
+** 'GCdebt <= 0' means an explicit call to GC step with "size" zero;
+** in that case, do a minor collection.
+*/
+static void genstep (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  if (g->lastatomic != 0)  /* last collection was a bad one? */
+    stepgenfull(L, g);  /* do a full step */
+  else {
+    lu_mem majorbase = g->GCestimate;  /* memory after last major collection */
+    lu_mem majorinc = (majorbase / 100) * getgcparam(g->genmajormul);
+    if (g->GCdebt > 0 && gettotalbytes(g) > majorbase + majorinc) {
+      lu_mem numobjs = fullgen(L, g);  /* do a major collection */
+      if (gettotalbytes(g) < majorbase + (majorinc / 2)) {
+        /* collected at least half of memory growth since last major
+           collection; keep doing minor collections */
+        setminordebt(g);
+      }
+      else {  /* bad collection */
+        g->lastatomic = numobjs;  /* signal that last collection was bad */
+        setpause(g);  /* do a long wait for next (major) collection */
+      }
+    }
+    else {  /* regular case; do a minor collection */
+      youngcollection(L, g);
+      setminordebt(g);
+      g->GCestimate = majorbase;  /* preserve base value */
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert(isdecGCmodegen(g));
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** GC control
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Set the "time" to wait before starting a new GC cycle; cycle will
+** start when memory use hits the threshold of ('estimate' * pause /
+** PAUSEADJ). (Division by 'estimate' should be OK: it cannot be zero,
+** because Lua cannot even start with less than PAUSEADJ bytes).
+*/
+static void setpause (global_State *g) {
+  l_mem threshold, debt;
+  int pause = getgcparam(g->gcpause);
+  l_mem estimate = g->GCestimate / PAUSEADJ;  /* adjust 'estimate' */
+  lua_assert(estimate > 0);
+  threshold = (pause < MAX_LMEM / estimate)  /* overflow? */
+            ? estimate * pause  /* no overflow */
+            : MAX_LMEM;  /* overflow; truncate to maximum */
+  debt = gettotalbytes(g) - threshold;
+  if (debt > 0) debt = 0;
+  luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Enter first sweep phase.
+** The call to 'sweeptolive' makes the pointer point to an object
+** inside the list (instead of to the header), so that the real sweep do
+** not need to skip objects created between "now" and the start of the
+** real sweep.
+*/
+static void entersweep (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  g->gcstate = GCSswpallgc;
+  lua_assert(g->sweepgc == NULL);
+  g->sweepgc = sweeptolive(L, &g->allgc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Delete all objects in list 'p' until (but not including) object
+** 'limit'.
+*/
+static void deletelist (lua_State *L, GCObject *p, GCObject *limit) {
+  while (p != limit) {
+    GCObject *next = p->next;
+    freeobj(L, p);
+    p = next;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Call all finalizers of the objects in the given Lua state, and
+** then free all objects, except for the main thread.
+*/
+void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  luaC_changemode(L, KGC_INC);
+  separatetobefnz(g, 1);  /* separate all objects with finalizers */
+  lua_assert(g->finobj == NULL);
+  callallpendingfinalizers(L);
+  deletelist(L, g->allgc, obj2gco(g->mainthread));
+  deletelist(L, g->finobj, NULL);
+  deletelist(L, g->fixedgc, NULL);  /* collect fixed objects */
+  lua_assert(g->strt.nuse == 0);
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem atomic (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lu_mem work = 0;
+  GCObject *origweak, *origall;
+  GCObject *grayagain = g->grayagain;  /* save original list */
+  g->grayagain = NULL;
+  lua_assert(g->ephemeron == NULL && g->weak == NULL);
+  lua_assert(!iswhite(g->mainthread));
+  g->gcstate = GCSatomic;
+  markobject(g, L);  /* mark running thread */
+  /* registry and global metatables may be changed by API */
+  markvalue(g, &g->l_registry);
+  markmt(g);  /* mark global metatables */
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* empties 'gray' list */
+  /* remark occasional upvalues of (maybe) dead threads */
+  work += remarkupvals(g);
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* propagate changes */
+  g->gray = grayagain;
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* traverse 'grayagain' list */
+  convergeephemerons(g);
+  /* at this point, all strongly accessible objects are marked. */
+  /* Clear values from weak tables, before checking finalizers */
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->weak, NULL);
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->allweak, NULL);
+  origweak = g->weak; origall = g->allweak;
+  separatetobefnz(g, 0);  /* separate objects to be finalized */
+  work += markbeingfnz(g);  /* mark objects that will be finalized */
+  work += propagateall(g);  /* remark, to propagate 'resurrection' */
+  convergeephemerons(g);
+  /* at this point, all resurrected objects are marked. */
+  /* remove dead objects from weak tables */
+  clearbykeys(g, g->ephemeron);  /* clear keys from all ephemeron tables */
+  clearbykeys(g, g->allweak);  /* clear keys from all 'allweak' tables */
+  /* clear values from resurrected weak tables */
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->weak, origweak);
+  clearbyvalues(g, g->allweak, origall);
+  luaS_clearcache(g);
+  g->currentwhite = cast_byte(otherwhite(g));  /* flip current white */
+  lua_assert(g->gray == NULL);
+  return work;  /* estimate of slots marked by 'atomic' */
+}
+
+
+static int sweepstep (lua_State *L, global_State *g,
+                      int nextstate, GCObject **nextlist) {
+  if (g->sweepgc) {
+    l_mem olddebt = g->GCdebt;
+    int count;
+    g->sweepgc = sweeplist(L, g->sweepgc, GCSWEEPMAX, &count);
+    g->GCestimate += g->GCdebt - olddebt;  /* update estimate */
+    return count;
+  }
+  else {  /* enter next state */
+    g->gcstate = nextstate;
+    g->sweepgc = nextlist;
+    return 0;  /* no work done */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static lu_mem singlestep (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lu_mem work;
+  lua_assert(!g->gcstopem);  /* collector is not reentrant */
+  g->gcstopem = 1;  /* no emergency collections while collecting */
+  switch (g->gcstate) {
+    case GCSpause: {
+      restartcollection(g);
+      g->gcstate = GCSpropagate;
+      work = 1;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSpropagate: {
+      if (g->gray == NULL) {  /* no more gray objects? */
+        g->gcstate = GCSenteratomic;  /* finish propagate phase */
+        work = 0;
+      }
+      else
+        work = propagatemark(g);  /* traverse one gray object */
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSenteratomic: {
+      work = atomic(L);  /* work is what was traversed by 'atomic' */
+      entersweep(L);
+      g->GCestimate = gettotalbytes(g);  /* first estimate */;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswpallgc: {  /* sweep "regular" objects */
+      work = sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpfinobj, &g->finobj);
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswpfinobj: {  /* sweep objects with finalizers */
+      work = sweepstep(L, g, GCSswptobefnz, &g->tobefnz);
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswptobefnz: {  /* sweep objects to be finalized */
+      work = sweepstep(L, g, GCSswpend, NULL);
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCSswpend: {  /* finish sweeps */
+      checkSizes(L, g);
+      g->gcstate = GCScallfin;
+      work = 0;
+      break;
+    }
+    case GCScallfin: {  /* call remaining finalizers */
+      if (g->tobefnz && !g->gcemergency) {
+        g->gcstopem = 0;  /* ok collections during finalizers */
+        work = runafewfinalizers(L, GCFINMAX) * GCFINALIZECOST;
+      }
+      else {  /* emergency mode or no more finalizers */
+        g->gcstate = GCSpause;  /* finish collection */
+        work = 0;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+  g->gcstopem = 0;
+  return work;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** advances the garbage collector until it reaches a state allowed
+** by 'statemask'
+*/
+void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  while (!testbit(statesmask, g->gcstate))
+    singlestep(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Performs a basic incremental step. The debt and step size are
+** converted from bytes to "units of work"; then the function loops
+** running single steps until adding that many units of work or
+** finishing a cycle (pause state). Finally, it sets the debt that
+** controls when next step will be performed.
+*/
+static void incstep (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  int stepmul = (getgcparam(g->gcstepmul) | 1);  /* avoid division by 0 */
+  l_mem debt = (g->GCdebt / WORK2MEM) * stepmul;
+  l_mem stepsize = (g->gcstepsize <= log2maxs(l_mem))
+                 ? ((cast(l_mem, 1) << g->gcstepsize) / WORK2MEM) * stepmul
+                 : MAX_LMEM;  /* overflow; keep maximum value */
+  do {  /* repeat until pause or enough "credit" (negative debt) */
+    lu_mem work = singlestep(L);  /* perform one single step */
+    debt -= work;
+  } while (debt > -stepsize && g->gcstate != GCSpause);
+  if (g->gcstate == GCSpause)
+    setpause(g);  /* pause until next cycle */
+  else {
+    debt = (debt / stepmul) * WORK2MEM;  /* convert 'work units' to bytes */
+    luaE_setdebt(g, debt);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** performs a basic GC step if collector is running
+*/
+void luaC_step (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(!g->gcemergency);
+  if (g->gcrunning) {  /* running? */
+    if(isdecGCmodegen(g))
+      genstep(L, g);
+    else
+      incstep(L, g);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Perform a full collection in incremental mode.
+** Before running the collection, check 'keepinvariant'; if it is true,
+** there may be some objects marked as black, so the collector has
+** to sweep all objects to turn them back to white (as white has not
+** changed, nothing will be collected).
+*/
+static void fullinc (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  if (keepinvariant(g))  /* black objects? */
+    entersweep(L); /* sweep everything to turn them back to white */
+  /* finish any pending sweep phase to start a new cycle */
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCScallfin));  /* run up to finalizers */
+  /* estimate must be correct after a full GC cycle */
+  lua_assert(g->GCestimate == gettotalbytes(g));
+  luaC_runtilstate(L, bitmask(GCSpause));  /* finish collection */
+  setpause(g);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Performs a full GC cycle; if 'isemergency', set a flag to avoid
+** some operations which could change the interpreter state in some
+** unexpected ways (running finalizers and shrinking some structures).
+*/
+void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert(!g->gcemergency);
+  g->gcemergency = isemergency;  /* set flag */
+  if (g->gckind == KGC_INC)
+    fullinc(L, g);
+  else
+    fullgen(L, g);
+  g->gcemergency = 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lgc.h b/external/lua/src/lgc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..073e2a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lgc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lgc.h $
+** Garbage Collector
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lgc_h
+#define lgc_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+/*
+** Collectable objects may have one of three colors: white, which means
+** the object is not marked; gray, which means the object is marked, but
+** its references may be not marked; and black, which means that the
+** object and all its references are marked.  The main invariant of the
+** garbage collector, while marking objects, is that a black object can
+** never point to a white one. Moreover, any gray object must be in a
+** "gray list" (gray, grayagain, weak, allweak, ephemeron) so that it
+** can be visited again before finishing the collection cycle. (Open
+** upvalues are an exception to this rule.)  These lists have no meaning
+** when the invariant is not being enforced (e.g., sweep phase).
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Possible states of the Garbage Collector
+*/
+#define GCSpropagate	0
+#define GCSenteratomic	1
+#define GCSatomic	2
+#define GCSswpallgc	3
+#define GCSswpfinobj	4
+#define GCSswptobefnz	5
+#define GCSswpend	6
+#define GCScallfin	7
+#define GCSpause	8
+
+
+#define issweepphase(g)  \
+	(GCSswpallgc <= (g)->gcstate && (g)->gcstate <= GCSswpend)
+
+
+/*
+** macro to tell when main invariant (white objects cannot point to black
+** ones) must be kept. During a collection, the sweep
+** phase may break the invariant, as objects turned white may point to
+** still-black objects. The invariant is restored when sweep ends and
+** all objects are white again.
+*/
+
+#define keepinvariant(g)	((g)->gcstate <= GCSatomic)
+
+
+/*
+** some useful bit tricks
+*/
+#define resetbits(x,m)		((x) &= cast_byte(~(m)))
+#define setbits(x,m)		((x) |= (m))
+#define testbits(x,m)		((x) & (m))
+#define bitmask(b)		(1<<(b))
+#define bit2mask(b1,b2)		(bitmask(b1) | bitmask(b2))
+#define l_setbit(x,b)		setbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define resetbit(x,b)		resetbits(x, bitmask(b))
+#define testbit(x,b)		testbits(x, bitmask(b))
+
+
+/*
+** Layout for bit use in 'marked' field. First three bits are
+** used for object "age" in generational mode. Last bit is used
+** by tests.
+*/
+#define WHITE0BIT	3  /* object is white (type 0) */
+#define WHITE1BIT	4  /* object is white (type 1) */
+#define BLACKBIT	5  /* object is black */
+#define FINALIZEDBIT	6  /* object has been marked for finalization */
+
+#define TESTBIT		7
+
+
+
+#define WHITEBITS	bit2mask(WHITE0BIT, WHITE1BIT)
+
+
+#define iswhite(x)      testbits((x)->marked, WHITEBITS)
+#define isblack(x)      testbit((x)->marked, BLACKBIT)
+#define isgray(x)  /* neither white nor black */  \
+	(!testbits((x)->marked, WHITEBITS | bitmask(BLACKBIT)))
+
+#define tofinalize(x)	testbit((x)->marked, FINALIZEDBIT)
+
+#define otherwhite(g)	((g)->currentwhite ^ WHITEBITS)
+#define isdeadm(ow,m)	((m) & (ow))
+#define isdead(g,v)	isdeadm(otherwhite(g), (v)->marked)
+
+#define changewhite(x)	((x)->marked ^= WHITEBITS)
+#define nw2black(x)  \
+	check_exp(!iswhite(x), l_setbit((x)->marked, BLACKBIT))
+
+#define luaC_white(g)	cast_byte((g)->currentwhite & WHITEBITS)
+
+
+/* object age in generational mode */
+#define G_NEW		0	/* created in current cycle */
+#define G_SURVIVAL	1	/* created in previous cycle */
+#define G_OLD0		2	/* marked old by frw. barrier in this cycle */
+#define G_OLD1		3	/* first full cycle as old */
+#define G_OLD		4	/* really old object (not to be visited) */
+#define G_TOUCHED1	5	/* old object touched this cycle */
+#define G_TOUCHED2	6	/* old object touched in previous cycle */
+
+#define AGEBITS		7  /* all age bits (111) */
+
+#define getage(o)	((o)->marked & AGEBITS)
+#define setage(o,a)  ((o)->marked = cast_byte(((o)->marked & (~AGEBITS)) | a))
+#define isold(o)	(getage(o) > G_SURVIVAL)
+
+#define changeage(o,f,t)  \
+	check_exp(getage(o) == (f), (o)->marked ^= ((f)^(t)))
+
+
+/* Default Values for GC parameters */
+#define LUAI_GENMAJORMUL         100
+#define LUAI_GENMINORMUL         20
+
+/* wait memory to double before starting new cycle */
+#define LUAI_GCPAUSE    200
+
+/*
+** some gc parameters are stored divided by 4 to allow a maximum value
+** up to 1023 in a 'lu_byte'.
+*/
+#define getgcparam(p)	((p) * 4)
+#define setgcparam(p,v)	((p) = (v) / 4)
+
+#define LUAI_GCMUL      100
+
+/* how much to allocate before next GC step (log2) */
+#define LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE 13      /* 8 KB */
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether the declared GC mode is generational. While in
+** generational mode, the collector can go temporarily to incremental
+** mode to improve performance. This is signaled by 'g->lastatomic != 0'.
+*/
+#define isdecGCmodegen(g)	(g->gckind == KGC_GEN || g->lastatomic != 0)
+
+/*
+** Does one step of collection when debt becomes positive. 'pre'/'pos'
+** allows some adjustments to be done only when needed. macro
+** 'condchangemem' is used only for heavy tests (forcing a full
+** GC cycle on every opportunity)
+*/
+#define luaC_condGC(L,pre,pos) \
+	{ if (G(L)->GCdebt > 0) { pre; luaC_step(L); pos;}; \
+	  condchangemem(L,pre,pos); }
+
+/* more often than not, 'pre'/'pos' are empty */
+#define luaC_checkGC(L)		luaC_condGC(L,(void)0,(void)0)
+
+
+#define luaC_barrier(L,p,v) (  \
+	(iscollectable(v) && isblack(p) && iswhite(gcvalue(v))) ?  \
+	luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),gcvalue(v)) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_barrierback(L,p,v) (  \
+	(iscollectable(v) && isblack(p) && iswhite(gcvalue(v))) ? \
+	luaC_barrierback_(L,p) : cast_void(0))
+
+#define luaC_objbarrier(L,p,o) (  \
+	(isblack(p) && iswhite(o)) ? \
+	luaC_barrier_(L,obj2gco(p),obj2gco(o)) : cast_void(0))
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fix (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_freeallobjects (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_step (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_runtilstate (lua_State *L, int statesmask);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_fullgc (lua_State *L, int isemergency);
+LUAI_FUNC GCObject *luaC_newobj (lua_State *L, int tt, size_t sz);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrier_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, GCObject *v);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_barrierback_ (lua_State *L, GCObject *o);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_checkfinalizer (lua_State *L, GCObject *o, Table *mt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaC_changemode (lua_State *L, int newmode);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/linit.c b/external/lua/src/linit.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69808f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/linit.c
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+** $Id: linit.c $
+** Initialization of libraries for lua.c and other clients
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#define linit_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+/*
+** If you embed Lua in your program and need to open the standard
+** libraries, call luaL_openlibs in your program. If you need a
+** different set of libraries, copy this file to your project and edit
+** it to suit your needs.
+**
+** You can also *preload* libraries, so that a later 'require' can
+** open the library, which is already linked to the application.
+** For that, do the following code:
+**
+**  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+**  lua_pushcfunction(L, luaopen_modname);
+**  lua_setfield(L, -2, modname);
+**  lua_pop(L, 1);  // remove PRELOAD table
+*/
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** these libs are loaded by lua.c and are readily available to any Lua
+** program
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg loadedlibs[] = {
+  {LUA_GNAME, luaopen_base},
+  {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
+  {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
+  {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+  {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+  {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
+  {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
+  {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+  {LUA_UTF8LIBNAME, luaopen_utf8},
+  {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUALIB_API void luaL_openlibs (lua_State *L) {
+  const luaL_Reg *lib;
+  /* "require" functions from 'loadedlibs' and set results to global table */
+  for (lib = loadedlibs; lib->func; lib++) {
+    luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove lib */
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/liolib.c b/external/lua/src/liolib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b08397d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/liolib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+/*
+** $Id: liolib.c $
+** Standard I/O (and system) library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define liolib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** Change this macro to accept other modes for 'fopen' besides
+** the standard ones.
+*/
+#if !defined(l_checkmode)
+
+/* accepted extensions to 'mode' in 'fopen' */
+#if !defined(L_MODEEXT)
+#define L_MODEEXT	"b"
+#endif
+
+/* Check whether 'mode' matches '[rwa]%+?[L_MODEEXT]*' */
+static int l_checkmode (const char *mode) {
+  return (*mode != '\0' && strchr("rwa", *(mode++)) != NULL &&
+         (*mode != '+' || ((void)(++mode), 1)) &&  /* skip if char is '+' */
+         (strspn(mode, L_MODEEXT) == strlen(mode)));  /* check extensions */
+}
+
+#endif
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** l_popen spawns a new process connected to the current
+** one through the file streams.
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(l_popen)		/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)		(fflush(NULL), popen(c,m))
+#define l_pclose(L,file)	(pclose(file))
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)	/* }{ */
+
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)		(_popen(c,m))
+#define l_pclose(L,file)	(_pclose(file))
+
+#if !defined(l_checkmodep)
+/* Windows accepts "[rw][bt]?" as valid modes */
+#define l_checkmodep(m)	((m[0] == 'r' || m[0] == 'w') && \
+  (m[1] == '\0' || ((m[1] == 'b' || m[1] == 't') && m[2] == '\0')))
+#endif
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_popen(L,c,m)  \
+	  ((void)c, (void)m, \
+	  luaL_error(L, "'popen' not supported"), \
+	  (FILE*)0)
+#define l_pclose(L,file)		((void)L, (void)file, -1)
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_checkmodep)
+/* By default, Lua accepts only "r" or "w" as valid modes */
+#define l_checkmodep(m)        ((m[0] == 'r' || m[0] == 'w') && m[1] == '\0')
+#endif
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_getc)		/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)
+#define l_getc(f)		getc_unlocked(f)
+#define l_lockfile(f)		flockfile(f)
+#define l_unlockfile(f)		funlockfile(f)
+#else
+#define l_getc(f)		getc(f)
+#define l_lockfile(f)		((void)0)
+#define l_unlockfile(f)		((void)0)
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** l_fseek: configuration for longer offsets
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(l_fseek)		/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w)		fseeko(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f)		ftello(f)
+#define l_seeknum		off_t
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS) && !defined(_CRTIMP_TYPEINFO) \
+   && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)	/* }{ */
+
+/* Windows (but not DDK) and Visual C++ 2005 or higher */
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w)		_fseeki64(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f)		_ftelli64(f)
+#define l_seeknum		__int64
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_fseek(f,o,w)		fseek(f,o,w)
+#define l_ftell(f)		ftell(f)
+#define l_seeknum		long
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#define IO_PREFIX	"_IO_"
+#define IOPREF_LEN	(sizeof(IO_PREFIX)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+#define IO_INPUT	(IO_PREFIX "input")
+#define IO_OUTPUT	(IO_PREFIX "output")
+
+
+typedef luaL_Stream LStream;
+
+
+#define tolstream(L)	((LStream *)luaL_checkudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE))
+
+#define isclosed(p)	((p)->closef == NULL)
+
+
+static int io_type (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p;
+  luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+  p = (LStream *)luaL_testudata(L, 1, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+  if (p == NULL)
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not a file */
+  else if (isclosed(p))
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "closed file");
+  else
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "file");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int f_tostring (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  if (isclosed(p))
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "file (closed)");
+  else
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "file (%p)", p->f);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *tofile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  if (l_unlikely(isclosed(p)))
+    luaL_error(L, "attempt to use a closed file");
+  lua_assert(p->f);
+  return p->f;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** When creating file handles, always creates a 'closed' file handle
+** before opening the actual file; so, if there is a memory error, the
+** handle is in a consistent state.
+*/
+static LStream *newprefile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(LStream), 0);
+  p->closef = NULL;  /* mark file handle as 'closed' */
+  luaL_setmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls the 'close' function from a file handle. The 'volatile' avoids
+** a bug in some versions of the Clang compiler (e.g., clang 3.0 for
+** 32 bits).
+*/
+static int aux_close (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  volatile lua_CFunction cf = p->closef;
+  p->closef = NULL;  /* mark stream as closed */
+  return (*cf)(L);  /* close it */
+}
+
+
+static int f_close (lua_State *L) {
+  tofile(L);  /* make sure argument is an open stream */
+  return aux_close(L);
+}
+
+
+static int io_close (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1))  /* no argument? */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_OUTPUT);  /* use default output */
+  return f_close(L);
+}
+
+
+static int f_gc (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  if (!isclosed(p) && p->f != NULL)
+    aux_close(L);  /* ignore closed and incompletely open files */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close regular files
+*/
+static int io_fclose (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  int res = fclose(p->f);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, (res == 0), NULL);
+}
+
+
+static LStream *newfile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+  p->f = NULL;
+  p->closef = &io_fclose;
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+static void opencheck (lua_State *L, const char *fname, const char *mode) {
+  LStream *p = newfile(L);
+  p->f = fopen(fname, mode);
+  if (l_unlikely(p->f == NULL))
+    luaL_error(L, "cannot open file '%s' (%s)", fname, strerror(errno));
+}
+
+
+static int io_open (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+  LStream *p = newfile(L);
+  const char *md = mode;  /* to traverse/check mode */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, l_checkmode(md), 2, "invalid mode");
+  p->f = fopen(filename, mode);
+  return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to close 'popen' files
+*/
+static int io_pclose (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  errno = 0;
+  return luaL_execresult(L, l_pclose(L, p->f));
+}
+
+
+static int io_popen (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *mode = luaL_optstring(L, 2, "r");
+  LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, l_checkmodep(mode), 2, "invalid mode");
+  p->f = l_popen(L, filename, mode);
+  p->closef = &io_pclose;
+  return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, filename) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_tmpfile (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = newfile(L);
+  p->f = tmpfile();
+  return (p->f == NULL) ? luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL) : 1;
+}
+
+
+static FILE *getiofile (lua_State *L, const char *findex) {
+  LStream *p;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, findex);
+  p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, -1);
+  if (l_unlikely(isclosed(p)))
+    luaL_error(L, "default %s file is closed", findex + IOPREF_LEN);
+  return p->f;
+}
+
+
+static int g_iofile (lua_State *L, const char *f, const char *mode) {
+  if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 1)) {
+    const char *filename = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+    if (filename)
+      opencheck(L, filename, mode);
+    else {
+      tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+    }
+    lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);
+  }
+  /* return current value */
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, f);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int io_input (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_iofile(L, IO_INPUT, "r");
+}
+
+
+static int io_output (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_iofile(L, IO_OUTPUT, "w");
+}
+
+
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of arguments to 'f:lines'/'io.lines' (it + 3 must fit
+** in the limit for upvalues of a closure)
+*/
+#define MAXARGLINE	250
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function to create the iteration function for 'lines'.
+** The iteration function is a closure over 'io_readline', with
+** the following upvalues:
+** 1) The file being read (first value in the stack)
+** 2) the number of arguments to read
+** 3) a boolean, true iff file has to be closed when finished ('toclose')
+** *) a variable number of format arguments (rest of the stack)
+*/
+static void aux_lines (lua_State *L, int toclose) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L) - 1;  /* number of arguments to read */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n <= MAXARGLINE, MAXARGLINE + 2, "too many arguments");
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* number of arguments to read */
+  lua_pushboolean(L, toclose);  /* close/not close file when finished */
+  lua_rotate(L, 2, 3);  /* move the three values to their positions */
+  lua_pushcclosure(L, io_readline, 3 + n);
+}
+
+
+static int f_lines (lua_State *L) {
+  tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+  aux_lines(L, 0);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return an iteration function for 'io.lines'. If file has to be
+** closed, also returns the file itself as a second result (to be
+** closed as the state at the exit of a generic for).
+*/
+static int io_lines (lua_State *L) {
+  int toclose;
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) lua_pushnil(L);  /* at least one argument */
+  if (lua_isnil(L, 1)) {  /* no file name? */
+    lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, IO_INPUT);  /* get default input */
+    lua_replace(L, 1);  /* put it at index 1 */
+    tofile(L);  /* check that it's a valid file handle */
+    toclose = 0;  /* do not close it after iteration */
+  }
+  else {  /* open a new file */
+    const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+    opencheck(L, filename, "r");
+    lua_replace(L, 1);  /* put file at index 1 */
+    toclose = 1;  /* close it after iteration */
+  }
+  aux_lines(L, toclose);  /* push iteration function */
+  if (toclose) {
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* state */
+    lua_pushnil(L);  /* control */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* file is the to-be-closed variable (4th result) */
+    return 4;
+  }
+  else
+    return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** READ
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* maximum length of a numeral */
+#if !defined (L_MAXLENNUM)
+#define L_MAXLENNUM     200
+#endif
+
+
+/* auxiliary structure used by 'read_number' */
+typedef struct {
+  FILE *f;  /* file being read */
+  int c;  /* current character (look ahead) */
+  int n;  /* number of elements in buffer 'buff' */
+  char buff[L_MAXLENNUM + 1];  /* +1 for ending '\0' */
+} RN;
+
+
+/*
+** Add current char to buffer (if not out of space) and read next one
+*/
+static int nextc (RN *rn) {
+  if (l_unlikely(rn->n >= L_MAXLENNUM)) {  /* buffer overflow? */
+    rn->buff[0] = '\0';  /* invalidate result */
+    return 0;  /* fail */
+  }
+  else {
+    rn->buff[rn->n++] = rn->c;  /* save current char */
+    rn->c = l_getc(rn->f);  /* read next one */
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Accept current char if it is in 'set' (of size 2)
+*/
+static int test2 (RN *rn, const char *set) {
+  if (rn->c == set[0] || rn->c == set[1])
+    return nextc(rn);
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a sequence of (hex)digits
+*/
+static int readdigits (RN *rn, int hex) {
+  int count = 0;
+  while ((hex ? isxdigit(rn->c) : isdigit(rn->c)) && nextc(rn))
+    count++;
+  return count;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a number: first reads a valid prefix of a numeral into a buffer.
+** Then it calls 'lua_stringtonumber' to check whether the format is
+** correct and to convert it to a Lua number.
+*/
+static int read_number (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  RN rn;
+  int count = 0;
+  int hex = 0;
+  char decp[2];
+  rn.f = f; rn.n = 0;
+  decp[0] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* get decimal point from locale */
+  decp[1] = '.';  /* always accept a dot */
+  l_lockfile(rn.f);
+  do { rn.c = l_getc(rn.f); } while (isspace(rn.c));  /* skip spaces */
+  test2(&rn, "-+");  /* optional sign */
+  if (test2(&rn, "00")) {
+    if (test2(&rn, "xX")) hex = 1;  /* numeral is hexadecimal */
+    else count = 1;  /* count initial '0' as a valid digit */
+  }
+  count += readdigits(&rn, hex);  /* integral part */
+  if (test2(&rn, decp))  /* decimal point? */
+    count += readdigits(&rn, hex);  /* fractional part */
+  if (count > 0 && test2(&rn, (hex ? "pP" : "eE"))) {  /* exponent mark? */
+    test2(&rn, "-+");  /* exponent sign */
+    readdigits(&rn, 0);  /* exponent digits */
+  }
+  ungetc(rn.c, rn.f);  /* unread look-ahead char */
+  l_unlockfile(rn.f);
+  rn.buff[rn.n] = '\0';  /* finish string */
+  if (l_likely(lua_stringtonumber(L, rn.buff)))
+    return 1;  /* ok, it is a valid number */
+  else {  /* invalid format */
+   lua_pushnil(L);  /* "result" to be removed */
+   return 0;  /* read fails */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int test_eof (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  int c = getc(f);
+  ungetc(c, f);  /* no-op when c == EOF */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+  return (c != EOF);
+}
+
+
+static int read_line (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int chop) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  int c;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  do {  /* may need to read several chunks to get whole line */
+    char *buff = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);  /* preallocate buffer space */
+    int i = 0;
+    l_lockfile(f);  /* no memory errors can happen inside the lock */
+    while (i < LUAL_BUFFERSIZE && (c = l_getc(f)) != EOF && c != '\n')
+      buff[i++] = c;  /* read up to end of line or buffer limit */
+    l_unlockfile(f);
+    luaL_addsize(&b, i);
+  } while (c != EOF && c != '\n');  /* repeat until end of line */
+  if (!chop && c == '\n')  /* want a newline and have one? */
+    luaL_addchar(&b, c);  /* add ending newline to result */
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
+  /* return ok if read something (either a newline or something else) */
+  return (c == '\n' || lua_rawlen(L, -1) > 0);
+}
+
+
+static void read_all (lua_State *L, FILE *f) {
+  size_t nr;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  do {  /* read file in chunks of LUAL_BUFFERSIZE bytes */
+    char *p = luaL_prepbuffer(&b);
+    nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), LUAL_BUFFERSIZE, f);
+    luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+  } while (nr == LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
+}
+
+
+static int read_chars (lua_State *L, FILE *f, size_t n) {
+  size_t nr;  /* number of chars actually read */
+  char *p;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  p = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, n);  /* prepare buffer to read whole block */
+  nr = fread(p, sizeof(char), n, f);  /* try to read 'n' chars */
+  luaL_addsize(&b, nr);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* close buffer */
+  return (nr > 0);  /* true iff read something */
+}
+
+
+static int g_read (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int first) {
+  int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - 1;
+  int n, success;
+  clearerr(f);
+  if (nargs == 0) {  /* no arguments? */
+    success = read_line(L, f, 1);
+    n = first + 1;  /* to return 1 result */
+  }
+  else {
+    /* ensure stack space for all results and for auxlib's buffer */
+    luaL_checkstack(L, nargs+LUA_MINSTACK, "too many arguments");
+    success = 1;
+    for (n = first; nargs-- && success; n++) {
+      if (lua_type(L, n) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+        size_t l = (size_t)luaL_checkinteger(L, n);
+        success = (l == 0) ? test_eof(L, f) : read_chars(L, f, l);
+      }
+      else {
+        const char *p = luaL_checkstring(L, n);
+        if (*p == '*') p++;  /* skip optional '*' (for compatibility) */
+        switch (*p) {
+          case 'n':  /* number */
+            success = read_number(L, f);
+            break;
+          case 'l':  /* line */
+            success = read_line(L, f, 1);
+            break;
+          case 'L':  /* line with end-of-line */
+            success = read_line(L, f, 0);
+            break;
+          case 'a':  /* file */
+            read_all(L, f);  /* read entire file */
+            success = 1; /* always success */
+            break;
+          default:
+            return luaL_argerror(L, n, "invalid format");
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (ferror(f))
+    return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);
+  if (!success) {
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove last result */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* push nil instead */
+  }
+  return n - first;
+}
+
+
+static int io_read (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_read(L, getiofile(L, IO_INPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_read (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_read(L, tofile(L), 2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Iteration function for 'lines'.
+*/
+static int io_readline (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = (LStream *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  int i;
+  int n = (int)lua_tointeger(L, lua_upvalueindex(2));
+  if (isclosed(p))  /* file is already closed? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "file is already closed");
+  lua_settop(L , 1);
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "too many arguments");
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)  /* push arguments to 'g_read' */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(3 + i));
+  n = g_read(L, p->f, 2);  /* 'n' is number of results */
+  lua_assert(n > 0);  /* should return at least a nil */
+  if (lua_toboolean(L, -n))  /* read at least one value? */
+    return n;  /* return them */
+  else {  /* first result is false: EOF or error */
+    if (n > 1) {  /* is there error information? */
+      /* 2nd result is error message */
+      return luaL_error(L, "%s", lua_tostring(L, -n + 1));
+    }
+    if (lua_toboolean(L, lua_upvalueindex(3))) {  /* generator created file? */
+      lua_settop(L, 0);  /* clear stack */
+      lua_pushvalue(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));  /* push file at index 1 */
+      aux_close(L);  /* close it */
+    }
+    return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int g_write (lua_State *L, FILE *f, int arg) {
+  int nargs = lua_gettop(L) - arg;
+  int status = 1;
+  for (; nargs--; arg++) {
+    if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {
+      /* optimization: could be done exactly as for strings */
+      int len = lua_isinteger(L, arg)
+                ? fprintf(f, LUA_INTEGER_FMT,
+                             (LUAI_UACINT)lua_tointeger(L, arg))
+                : fprintf(f, LUA_NUMBER_FMT,
+                             (LUAI_UACNUMBER)lua_tonumber(L, arg));
+      status = status && (len > 0);
+    }
+    else {
+      size_t l;
+      const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &l);
+      status = status && (fwrite(s, sizeof(char), l, f) == l);
+    }
+  }
+  if (l_likely(status))
+    return 1;  /* file handle already on stack top */
+  else return luaL_fileresult(L, status, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int io_write (lua_State *L) {
+  return g_write(L, getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT), 1);
+}
+
+
+static int f_write (lua_State *L) {
+  FILE *f = tofile(L);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* push file at the stack top (to be returned) */
+  return g_write(L, f, 2);
+}
+
+
+static int f_seek (lua_State *L) {
+  static const int mode[] = {SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR, SEEK_END};
+  static const char *const modenames[] = {"set", "cur", "end", NULL};
+  FILE *f = tofile(L);
+  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "cur", modenames);
+  lua_Integer p3 = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 0);
+  l_seeknum offset = (l_seeknum)p3;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Integer)offset == p3, 3,
+                  "not an integer in proper range");
+  op = l_fseek(f, offset, mode[op]);
+  if (l_unlikely(op))
+    return luaL_fileresult(L, 0, NULL);  /* error */
+  else {
+    lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)l_ftell(f));
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int f_setvbuf (lua_State *L) {
+  static const int mode[] = {_IONBF, _IOFBF, _IOLBF};
+  static const char *const modenames[] = {"no", "full", "line", NULL};
+  FILE *f = tofile(L);
+  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, NULL, modenames);
+  lua_Integer sz = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, LUAL_BUFFERSIZE);
+  int res = setvbuf(f, NULL, mode[op], (size_t)sz);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, res == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+
+static int io_flush (lua_State *L) {
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(getiofile(L, IO_OUTPUT)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int f_flush (lua_State *L) {
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, fflush(tofile(L)) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** functions for 'io' library
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg iolib[] = {
+  {"close", io_close},
+  {"flush", io_flush},
+  {"input", io_input},
+  {"lines", io_lines},
+  {"open", io_open},
+  {"output", io_output},
+  {"popen", io_popen},
+  {"read", io_read},
+  {"tmpfile", io_tmpfile},
+  {"type", io_type},
+  {"write", io_write},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** methods for file handles
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg meth[] = {
+  {"read", f_read},
+  {"write", f_write},
+  {"lines", f_lines},
+  {"flush", f_flush},
+  {"seek", f_seek},
+  {"close", f_close},
+  {"setvbuf", f_setvbuf},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** metamethods for file handles
+*/
+static const luaL_Reg metameth[] = {
+  {"__index", NULL},  /* place holder */
+  {"__gc", f_gc},
+  {"__close", f_gc},
+  {"__tostring", f_tostring},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmeta (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newmetatable(L, LUA_FILEHANDLE);  /* metatable for file handles */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, metameth, 0);  /* add metamethods to new metatable */
+  luaL_newlibtable(L, meth);  /* create method table */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, meth, 0);  /* add file methods to method table */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* metatable.__index = method table */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to (not) close the standard files stdin, stdout, and stderr
+*/
+static int io_noclose (lua_State *L) {
+  LStream *p = tolstream(L);
+  p->closef = &io_noclose;  /* keep file opened */
+  luaL_pushfail(L);
+  lua_pushliteral(L, "cannot close standard file");
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static void createstdfile (lua_State *L, FILE *f, const char *k,
+                           const char *fname) {
+  LStream *p = newprefile(L);
+  p->f = f;
+  p->closef = &io_noclose;
+  if (k != NULL) {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+    lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, k);  /* add file to registry */
+  }
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, fname);  /* add file to module */
+}
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_io (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, iolib);  /* new module */
+  createmeta(L);
+  /* create (and set) default files */
+  createstdfile(L, stdin, IO_INPUT, "stdin");
+  createstdfile(L, stdout, IO_OUTPUT, "stdout");
+  createstdfile(L, stderr, NULL, "stderr");
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ljumptab.h b/external/lua/src/ljumptab.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8306f25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ljumptab.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ljumptab.h $
+** Jump Table for the Lua interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#undef vmdispatch
+#undef vmcase
+#undef vmbreak
+
+#define vmdispatch(x)     goto *disptab[x];
+
+#define vmcase(l)     L_##l:
+
+#define vmbreak		vmfetch(); vmdispatch(GET_OPCODE(i));
+
+
+static const void *const disptab[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+
+#if 0
+** you can update the following list with this command:
+**
+**  sed -n '/^OP_/\!d; s/OP_/\&\&L_OP_/ ; s/,.*/,/ ; s/\/.*// ; p'  lopcodes.h
+**
+#endif
+
+&&L_OP_MOVE,
+&&L_OP_LOADI,
+&&L_OP_LOADF,
+&&L_OP_LOADK,
+&&L_OP_LOADKX,
+&&L_OP_LOADFALSE,
+&&L_OP_LFALSESKIP,
+&&L_OP_LOADTRUE,
+&&L_OP_LOADNIL,
+&&L_OP_GETUPVAL,
+&&L_OP_SETUPVAL,
+&&L_OP_GETTABUP,
+&&L_OP_GETTABLE,
+&&L_OP_GETI,
+&&L_OP_GETFIELD,
+&&L_OP_SETTABUP,
+&&L_OP_SETTABLE,
+&&L_OP_SETI,
+&&L_OP_SETFIELD,
+&&L_OP_NEWTABLE,
+&&L_OP_SELF,
+&&L_OP_ADDI,
+&&L_OP_ADDK,
+&&L_OP_SUBK,
+&&L_OP_MULK,
+&&L_OP_MODK,
+&&L_OP_POWK,
+&&L_OP_DIVK,
+&&L_OP_IDIVK,
+&&L_OP_BANDK,
+&&L_OP_BORK,
+&&L_OP_BXORK,
+&&L_OP_SHRI,
+&&L_OP_SHLI,
+&&L_OP_ADD,
+&&L_OP_SUB,
+&&L_OP_MUL,
+&&L_OP_MOD,
+&&L_OP_POW,
+&&L_OP_DIV,
+&&L_OP_IDIV,
+&&L_OP_BAND,
+&&L_OP_BOR,
+&&L_OP_BXOR,
+&&L_OP_SHL,
+&&L_OP_SHR,
+&&L_OP_MMBIN,
+&&L_OP_MMBINI,
+&&L_OP_MMBINK,
+&&L_OP_UNM,
+&&L_OP_BNOT,
+&&L_OP_NOT,
+&&L_OP_LEN,
+&&L_OP_CONCAT,
+&&L_OP_CLOSE,
+&&L_OP_TBC,
+&&L_OP_JMP,
+&&L_OP_EQ,
+&&L_OP_LT,
+&&L_OP_LE,
+&&L_OP_EQK,
+&&L_OP_EQI,
+&&L_OP_LTI,
+&&L_OP_LEI,
+&&L_OP_GTI,
+&&L_OP_GEI,
+&&L_OP_TEST,
+&&L_OP_TESTSET,
+&&L_OP_CALL,
+&&L_OP_TAILCALL,
+&&L_OP_RETURN,
+&&L_OP_RETURN0,
+&&L_OP_RETURN1,
+&&L_OP_FORLOOP,
+&&L_OP_FORPREP,
+&&L_OP_TFORPREP,
+&&L_OP_TFORCALL,
+&&L_OP_TFORLOOP,
+&&L_OP_SETLIST,
+&&L_OP_CLOSURE,
+&&L_OP_VARARG,
+&&L_OP_VARARGPREP,
+&&L_OP_EXTRAARG
+
+};
diff --git a/external/lua/src/llex.c b/external/lua/src/llex.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e991517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/llex.c
@@ -0,0 +1,581 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llex.c $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define llex_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+
+#define next(ls)	(ls->current = zgetc(ls->z))
+
+
+
+#define currIsNewline(ls)	(ls->current == '\n' || ls->current == '\r')
+
+
+/* ORDER RESERVED */
+static const char *const luaX_tokens [] = {
+    "and", "break", "do", "else", "elseif",
+    "end", "false", "for", "function", "goto", "if",
+    "in", "local", "nil", "not", "or", "repeat",
+    "return", "then", "true", "until", "while",
+    "//", "..", "...", "==", ">=", "<=", "~=",
+    "<<", ">>", "::", "<eof>",
+    "<number>", "<integer>", "<name>", "<string>"
+};
+
+
+#define save_and_next(ls) (save(ls, ls->current), next(ls))
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token);
+
+
+static void save (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  Mbuffer *b = ls->buff;
+  if (luaZ_bufflen(b) + 1 > luaZ_sizebuffer(b)) {
+    size_t newsize;
+    if (luaZ_sizebuffer(b) >= MAX_SIZE/2)
+      lexerror(ls, "lexical element too long", 0);
+    newsize = luaZ_sizebuffer(b) * 2;
+    luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, b, newsize);
+  }
+  b->buffer[luaZ_bufflen(b)++] = cast_char(c);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_init (lua_State *L) {
+  int i;
+  TString *e = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* create env name */
+  luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(e));  /* never collect this name */
+  for (i=0; i<NUM_RESERVED; i++) {
+    TString *ts = luaS_new(L, luaX_tokens[i]);
+    luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(ts));  /* reserved words are never collected */
+    ts->extra = cast_byte(i+1);  /* reserved word */
+  }
+}
+
+
+const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token) {
+  if (token < FIRST_RESERVED) {  /* single-byte symbols? */
+    if (lisprint(token))
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%c'", token);
+    else  /* control character */
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'<\\%d>'", token);
+  }
+  else {
+    const char *s = luaX_tokens[token - FIRST_RESERVED];
+    if (token < TK_EOS)  /* fixed format (symbols and reserved words)? */
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%s'", s);
+    else  /* names, strings, and numerals */
+      return s;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *txtToken (LexState *ls, int token) {
+  switch (token) {
+    case TK_NAME: case TK_STRING:
+    case TK_FLT: case TK_INT:
+      save(ls, '\0');
+      return luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "'%s'", luaZ_buffer(ls->buff));
+    default:
+      return luaX_token2str(ls, token);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static l_noret lexerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg, int token) {
+  msg = luaG_addinfo(ls->L, msg, ls->source, ls->linenumber);
+  if (token)
+    luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s near %s", msg, txtToken(ls, token));
+  luaD_throw(ls->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *msg) {
+  lexerror(ls, msg, ls->t.token);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates a new string and anchors it in scanner's table so that it
+** will not be collected until the end of the compilation; by that time
+** it should be anchored somewhere. It also internalizes long strings,
+** ensuring there is only one copy of each unique string.  The table
+** here is used as a set: the string enters as the key, while its value
+** is irrelevant. We use the string itself as the value only because it
+** is a TValue readly available. Later, the code generation can change
+** this value.
+*/
+TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  TString *ts = luaS_newlstr(L, str, l);  /* create new string */
+  const TValue *o = luaH_getstr(ls->h, ts);
+  if (!ttisnil(o))  /* string already present? */
+    ts = keystrval(nodefromval(o));  /* get saved copy */
+  else {  /* not in use yet */
+    TValue *stv = s2v(L->top++);  /* reserve stack space for string */
+    setsvalue(L, stv, ts);  /* temporarily anchor the string */
+    luaH_finishset(L, ls->h, stv, o, stv);  /* t[string] = string */
+    /* table is not a metatable, so it does not need to invalidate cache */
+    luaC_checkGC(L);
+    L->top--;  /* remove string from stack */
+  }
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** increment line number and skips newline sequence (any of
+** \n, \r, \n\r, or \r\n)
+*/
+static void inclinenumber (LexState *ls) {
+  int old = ls->current;
+  lua_assert(currIsNewline(ls));
+  next(ls);  /* skip '\n' or '\r' */
+  if (currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != old)
+    next(ls);  /* skip '\n\r' or '\r\n' */
+  if (++ls->linenumber >= MAX_INT)
+    lexerror(ls, "chunk has too many lines", 0);
+}
+
+
+void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z, TString *source,
+                    int firstchar) {
+  ls->t.token = 0;
+  ls->L = L;
+  ls->current = firstchar;
+  ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS;  /* no look-ahead token */
+  ls->z = z;
+  ls->fs = NULL;
+  ls->linenumber = 1;
+  ls->lastline = 1;
+  ls->source = source;
+  ls->envn = luaS_newliteral(L, LUA_ENV);  /* get env name */
+  luaZ_resizebuffer(ls->L, ls->buff, LUA_MINBUFFER);  /* initialize buffer */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** =======================================================
+** LEXICAL ANALYZER
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int check_next1 (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  if (ls->current == c) {
+    next(ls);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether current char is in set 'set' (with two chars) and
+** saves it
+*/
+static int check_next2 (LexState *ls, const char *set) {
+  lua_assert(set[2] == '\0');
+  if (ls->current == set[0] || ls->current == set[1]) {
+    save_and_next(ls);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/* LUA_NUMBER */
+/*
+** This function is quite liberal in what it accepts, as 'luaO_str2num'
+** will reject ill-formed numerals. Roughly, it accepts the following
+** pattern:
+**
+**   %d(%x|%.|([Ee][+-]?))* | 0[Xx](%x|%.|([Pp][+-]?))*
+**
+** The only tricky part is to accept [+-] only after a valid exponent
+** mark, to avoid reading '3-4' or '0xe+1' as a single number.
+**
+** The caller might have already read an initial dot.
+*/
+static int read_numeral (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+  TValue obj;
+  const char *expo = "Ee";
+  int first = ls->current;
+  lua_assert(lisdigit(ls->current));
+  save_and_next(ls);
+  if (first == '0' && check_next2(ls, "xX"))  /* hexadecimal? */
+    expo = "Pp";
+  for (;;) {
+    if (check_next2(ls, expo))  /* exponent mark? */
+      check_next2(ls, "-+");  /* optional exponent sign */
+    else if (lisxdigit(ls->current) || ls->current == '.')  /* '%x|%.' */
+      save_and_next(ls);
+    else break;
+  }
+  if (lislalpha(ls->current))  /* is numeral touching a letter? */
+    save_and_next(ls);  /* force an error */
+  save(ls, '\0');
+  if (luaO_str2num(luaZ_buffer(ls->buff), &obj) == 0)  /* format error? */
+    lexerror(ls, "malformed number", TK_FLT);
+  if (ttisinteger(&obj)) {
+    seminfo->i = ivalue(&obj);
+    return TK_INT;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_assert(ttisfloat(&obj));
+    seminfo->r = fltvalue(&obj);
+    return TK_FLT;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** read a sequence '[=*[' or ']=*]', leaving the last bracket. If
+** sequence is well formed, return its number of '='s + 2; otherwise,
+** return 1 if it is a single bracket (no '='s and no 2nd bracket);
+** otherwise (an unfinished '[==...') return 0.
+*/
+static size_t skip_sep (LexState *ls) {
+  size_t count = 0;
+  int s = ls->current;
+  lua_assert(s == '[' || s == ']');
+  save_and_next(ls);
+  while (ls->current == '=') {
+    save_and_next(ls);
+    count++;
+  }
+  return (ls->current == s) ? count + 2
+         : (count == 0) ? 1
+         : 0;
+}
+
+
+static void read_long_string (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo, size_t sep) {
+  int line = ls->linenumber;  /* initial line (for error message) */
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd '[' */
+  if (currIsNewline(ls))  /* string starts with a newline? */
+    inclinenumber(ls);  /* skip it */
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (ls->current) {
+      case EOZ: {  /* error */
+        const char *what = (seminfo ? "string" : "comment");
+        const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+                     "unfinished long %s (starting at line %d)", what, line);
+        lexerror(ls, msg, TK_EOS);
+        break;  /* to avoid warnings */
+      }
+      case ']': {
+        if (skip_sep(ls) == sep) {
+          save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 2nd ']' */
+          goto endloop;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      case '\n': case '\r': {
+        save(ls, '\n');
+        inclinenumber(ls);
+        if (!seminfo) luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* avoid wasting space */
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        if (seminfo) save_and_next(ls);
+        else next(ls);
+      }
+    }
+  } endloop:
+  if (seminfo)
+    seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + sep,
+                                     luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2 * sep);
+}
+
+
+static void esccheck (LexState *ls, int c, const char *msg) {
+  if (!c) {
+    if (ls->current != EOZ)
+      save_and_next(ls);  /* add current to buffer for error message */
+    lexerror(ls, msg, TK_STRING);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int gethexa (LexState *ls) {
+  save_and_next(ls);
+  esccheck (ls, lisxdigit(ls->current), "hexadecimal digit expected");
+  return luaO_hexavalue(ls->current);
+}
+
+
+static int readhexaesc (LexState *ls) {
+  int r = gethexa(ls);
+  r = (r << 4) + gethexa(ls);
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 2);  /* remove saved chars from buffer */
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static unsigned long readutf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+  unsigned long r;
+  int i = 4;  /* chars to be removed: '\', 'u', '{', and first digit */
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip 'u' */
+  esccheck(ls, ls->current == '{', "missing '{'");
+  r = gethexa(ls);  /* must have at least one digit */
+  while (cast_void(save_and_next(ls)), lisxdigit(ls->current)) {
+    i++;
+    esccheck(ls, r <= (0x7FFFFFFFu >> 4), "UTF-8 value too large");
+    r = (r << 4) + luaO_hexavalue(ls->current);
+  }
+  esccheck(ls, ls->current == '}', "missing '}'");
+  next(ls);  /* skip '}' */
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, i);  /* remove saved chars from buffer */
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static void utf8esc (LexState *ls) {
+  char buff[UTF8BUFFSZ];
+  int n = luaO_utf8esc(buff, readutf8esc(ls));
+  for (; n > 0; n--)  /* add 'buff' to string */
+    save(ls, buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - n]);
+}
+
+
+static int readdecesc (LexState *ls) {
+  int i;
+  int r = 0;  /* result accumulator */
+  for (i = 0; i < 3 && lisdigit(ls->current); i++) {  /* read up to 3 digits */
+    r = 10*r + ls->current - '0';
+    save_and_next(ls);
+  }
+  esccheck(ls, r <= UCHAR_MAX, "decimal escape too large");
+  luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, i);  /* remove read digits from buffer */
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+static void read_string (LexState *ls, int del, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* keep delimiter (for error messages) */
+  while (ls->current != del) {
+    switch (ls->current) {
+      case EOZ:
+        lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_EOS);
+        break;  /* to avoid warnings */
+      case '\n':
+      case '\r':
+        lexerror(ls, "unfinished string", TK_STRING);
+        break;  /* to avoid warnings */
+      case '\\': {  /* escape sequences */
+        int c;  /* final character to be saved */
+        save_and_next(ls);  /* keep '\\' for error messages */
+        switch (ls->current) {
+          case 'a': c = '\a'; goto read_save;
+          case 'b': c = '\b'; goto read_save;
+          case 'f': c = '\f'; goto read_save;
+          case 'n': c = '\n'; goto read_save;
+          case 'r': c = '\r'; goto read_save;
+          case 't': c = '\t'; goto read_save;
+          case 'v': c = '\v'; goto read_save;
+          case 'x': c = readhexaesc(ls); goto read_save;
+          case 'u': utf8esc(ls);  goto no_save;
+          case '\n': case '\r':
+            inclinenumber(ls); c = '\n'; goto only_save;
+          case '\\': case '\"': case '\'':
+            c = ls->current; goto read_save;
+          case EOZ: goto no_save;  /* will raise an error next loop */
+          case 'z': {  /* zap following span of spaces */
+            luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 1);  /* remove '\\' */
+            next(ls);  /* skip the 'z' */
+            while (lisspace(ls->current)) {
+              if (currIsNewline(ls)) inclinenumber(ls);
+              else next(ls);
+            }
+            goto no_save;
+          }
+          default: {
+            esccheck(ls, lisdigit(ls->current), "invalid escape sequence");
+            c = readdecesc(ls);  /* digital escape '\ddd' */
+            goto only_save;
+          }
+        }
+       read_save:
+         next(ls);
+         /* go through */
+       only_save:
+         luaZ_buffremove(ls->buff, 1);  /* remove '\\' */
+         save(ls, c);
+         /* go through */
+       no_save: break;
+      }
+      default:
+        save_and_next(ls);
+    }
+  }
+  save_and_next(ls);  /* skip delimiter */
+  seminfo->ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff) + 1,
+                                   luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff) - 2);
+}
+
+
+static int llex (LexState *ls, SemInfo *seminfo) {
+  luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (ls->current) {
+      case '\n': case '\r': {  /* line breaks */
+        inclinenumber(ls);
+        break;
+      }
+      case ' ': case '\f': case '\t': case '\v': {  /* spaces */
+        next(ls);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '-': {  /* '-' or '--' (comment) */
+        next(ls);
+        if (ls->current != '-') return '-';
+        /* else is a comment */
+        next(ls);
+        if (ls->current == '[') {  /* long comment? */
+          size_t sep = skip_sep(ls);
+          luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* 'skip_sep' may dirty the buffer */
+          if (sep >= 2) {
+            read_long_string(ls, NULL, sep);  /* skip long comment */
+            luaZ_resetbuffer(ls->buff);  /* previous call may dirty the buff. */
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        /* else short comment */
+        while (!currIsNewline(ls) && ls->current != EOZ)
+          next(ls);  /* skip until end of line (or end of file) */
+        break;
+      }
+      case '[': {  /* long string or simply '[' */
+        size_t sep = skip_sep(ls);
+        if (sep >= 2) {
+          read_long_string(ls, seminfo, sep);
+          return TK_STRING;
+        }
+        else if (sep == 0)  /* '[=...' missing second bracket? */
+          lexerror(ls, "invalid long string delimiter", TK_STRING);
+        return '[';
+      }
+      case '=': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_EQ;  /* '==' */
+        else return '=';
+      }
+      case '<': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_LE;  /* '<=' */
+        else if (check_next1(ls, '<')) return TK_SHL;  /* '<<' */
+        else return '<';
+      }
+      case '>': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_GE;  /* '>=' */
+        else if (check_next1(ls, '>')) return TK_SHR;  /* '>>' */
+        else return '>';
+      }
+      case '/': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '/')) return TK_IDIV;  /* '//' */
+        else return '/';
+      }
+      case '~': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '=')) return TK_NE;  /* '~=' */
+        else return '~';
+      }
+      case ':': {
+        next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, ':')) return TK_DBCOLON;  /* '::' */
+        else return ':';
+      }
+      case '"': case '\'': {  /* short literal strings */
+        read_string(ls, ls->current, seminfo);
+        return TK_STRING;
+      }
+      case '.': {  /* '.', '..', '...', or number */
+        save_and_next(ls);
+        if (check_next1(ls, '.')) {
+          if (check_next1(ls, '.'))
+            return TK_DOTS;   /* '...' */
+          else return TK_CONCAT;   /* '..' */
+        }
+        else if (!lisdigit(ls->current)) return '.';
+        else return read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+      }
+      case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+      case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9': {
+        return read_numeral(ls, seminfo);
+      }
+      case EOZ: {
+        return TK_EOS;
+      }
+      default: {
+        if (lislalpha(ls->current)) {  /* identifier or reserved word? */
+          TString *ts;
+          do {
+            save_and_next(ls);
+          } while (lislalnum(ls->current));
+          ts = luaX_newstring(ls, luaZ_buffer(ls->buff),
+                                  luaZ_bufflen(ls->buff));
+          seminfo->ts = ts;
+          if (isreserved(ts))  /* reserved word? */
+            return ts->extra - 1 + FIRST_RESERVED;
+          else {
+            return TK_NAME;
+          }
+        }
+        else {  /* single-char tokens ('+', '*', '%', '{', '}', ...) */
+          int c = ls->current;
+          next(ls);
+          return c;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaX_next (LexState *ls) {
+  ls->lastline = ls->linenumber;
+  if (ls->lookahead.token != TK_EOS) {  /* is there a look-ahead token? */
+    ls->t = ls->lookahead;  /* use this one */
+    ls->lookahead.token = TK_EOS;  /* and discharge it */
+  }
+  else
+    ls->t.token = llex(ls, &ls->t.seminfo);  /* read next token */
+}
+
+
+int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls) {
+  lua_assert(ls->lookahead.token == TK_EOS);
+  ls->lookahead.token = llex(ls, &ls->lookahead.seminfo);
+  return ls->lookahead.token;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/llex.h b/external/lua/src/llex.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..389d2f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/llex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llex.h $
+** Lexical Analyzer
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llex_h
+#define llex_h
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Single-char tokens (terminal symbols) are represented by their own
+** numeric code. Other tokens start at the following value.
+*/
+#define FIRST_RESERVED	(UCHAR_MAX + 1)
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_ENV)
+#define LUA_ENV		"_ENV"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER RESERVED"
+*/
+enum RESERVED {
+  /* terminal symbols denoted by reserved words */
+  TK_AND = FIRST_RESERVED, TK_BREAK,
+  TK_DO, TK_ELSE, TK_ELSEIF, TK_END, TK_FALSE, TK_FOR, TK_FUNCTION,
+  TK_GOTO, TK_IF, TK_IN, TK_LOCAL, TK_NIL, TK_NOT, TK_OR, TK_REPEAT,
+  TK_RETURN, TK_THEN, TK_TRUE, TK_UNTIL, TK_WHILE,
+  /* other terminal symbols */
+  TK_IDIV, TK_CONCAT, TK_DOTS, TK_EQ, TK_GE, TK_LE, TK_NE,
+  TK_SHL, TK_SHR,
+  TK_DBCOLON, TK_EOS,
+  TK_FLT, TK_INT, TK_NAME, TK_STRING
+};
+
+/* number of reserved words */
+#define NUM_RESERVED	(cast_int(TK_WHILE-FIRST_RESERVED + 1))
+
+
+typedef union {
+  lua_Number r;
+  lua_Integer i;
+  TString *ts;
+} SemInfo;  /* semantics information */
+
+
+typedef struct Token {
+  int token;
+  SemInfo seminfo;
+} Token;
+
+
+/* state of the lexer plus state of the parser when shared by all
+   functions */
+typedef struct LexState {
+  int current;  /* current character (charint) */
+  int linenumber;  /* input line counter */
+  int lastline;  /* line of last token 'consumed' */
+  Token t;  /* current token */
+  Token lookahead;  /* look ahead token */
+  struct FuncState *fs;  /* current function (parser) */
+  struct lua_State *L;
+  ZIO *z;  /* input stream */
+  Mbuffer *buff;  /* buffer for tokens */
+  Table *h;  /* to avoid collection/reuse strings */
+  struct Dyndata *dyd;  /* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+  TString *source;  /* current source name */
+  TString *envn;  /* environment variable name */
+} LexState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_setinput (lua_State *L, LexState *ls, ZIO *z,
+                              TString *source, int firstchar);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaX_newstring (LexState *ls, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaX_next (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaX_lookahead (LexState *ls);
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaX_syntaxerror (LexState *ls, const char *s);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaX_token2str (LexState *ls, int token);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/llimits.h b/external/lua/src/llimits.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..025f1c8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/llimits.h
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+/*
+** $Id: llimits.h $
+** Limits, basic types, and some other 'installation-dependent' definitions
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef llimits_h
+#define llimits_h
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** 'lu_mem' and 'l_mem' are unsigned/signed integers big enough to count
+** the total memory used by Lua (in bytes). Usually, 'size_t' and
+** 'ptrdiff_t' should work, but we use 'long' for 16-bit machines.
+*/
+#if defined(LUAI_MEM)		/* { external definitions? */
+typedef LUAI_UMEM lu_mem;
+typedef LUAI_MEM l_mem;
+#elif LUAI_IS32INT	/* }{ */
+typedef size_t lu_mem;
+typedef ptrdiff_t l_mem;
+#else  /* 16-bit ints */	/* }{ */
+typedef unsigned long lu_mem;
+typedef long l_mem;
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/* chars used as small naturals (so that 'char' is reserved for characters) */
+typedef unsigned char lu_byte;
+typedef signed char ls_byte;
+
+
+/* maximum value for size_t */
+#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
+
+/* maximum size visible for Lua (must be representable in a lua_Integer) */
+#define MAX_SIZE	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(lua_Integer) ? MAX_SIZET \
+                          : (size_t)(LUA_MAXINTEGER))
+
+
+#define MAX_LUMEM	((lu_mem)(~(lu_mem)0))
+
+#define MAX_LMEM	((l_mem)(MAX_LUMEM >> 1))
+
+
+#define MAX_INT		INT_MAX  /* maximum value of an int */
+
+
+/*
+** floor of the log2 of the maximum signed value for integral type 't'.
+** (That is, maximum 'n' such that '2^n' fits in the given signed type.)
+*/
+#define log2maxs(t)	(sizeof(t) * 8 - 2)
+
+
+/*
+** test whether an unsigned value is a power of 2 (or zero)
+*/
+#define ispow2(x)	(((x) & ((x) - 1)) == 0)
+
+
+/* number of chars of a literal string without the ending \0 */
+#define LL(x)   (sizeof(x)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** conversion of pointer to unsigned integer:
+** this is for hashing only; there is no problem if the integer
+** cannot hold the whole pointer value
+*/
+#define point2uint(p)	((unsigned int)((size_t)(p) & UINT_MAX))
+
+
+
+/* types of 'usual argument conversions' for lua_Number and lua_Integer */
+typedef LUAI_UACNUMBER l_uacNumber;
+typedef LUAI_UACINT l_uacInt;
+
+
+/*
+** Internal assertions for in-house debugging
+*/
+#if defined LUAI_ASSERT
+#undef NDEBUG
+#include <assert.h>
+#define lua_assert(c)           assert(c)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(lua_assert)
+#define check_exp(c,e)		(lua_assert(c), (e))
+/* to avoid problems with conditions too long */
+#define lua_longassert(c)	((c) ? (void)0 : lua_assert(0))
+#else
+#define lua_assert(c)		((void)0)
+#define check_exp(c,e)		(e)
+#define lua_longassert(c)	((void)0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** assertion for checking API calls
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_apicheck)
+#define luai_apicheck(l,e)	((void)l, lua_assert(e))
+#endif
+
+#define api_check(l,e,msg)	luai_apicheck(l,(e) && msg)
+
+
+/* macro to avoid warnings about unused variables */
+#if !defined(UNUSED)
+#define UNUSED(x)	((void)(x))
+#endif
+
+
+/* type casts (a macro highlights casts in the code) */
+#define cast(t, exp)	((t)(exp))
+
+#define cast_void(i)	cast(void, (i))
+#define cast_voidp(i)	cast(void *, (i))
+#define cast_num(i)	cast(lua_Number, (i))
+#define cast_int(i)	cast(int, (i))
+#define cast_uint(i)	cast(unsigned int, (i))
+#define cast_byte(i)	cast(lu_byte, (i))
+#define cast_uchar(i)	cast(unsigned char, (i))
+#define cast_char(i)	cast(char, (i))
+#define cast_charp(i)	cast(char *, (i))
+#define cast_sizet(i)	cast(size_t, (i))
+
+
+/* cast a signed lua_Integer to lua_Unsigned */
+#if !defined(l_castS2U)
+#define l_castS2U(i)	((lua_Unsigned)(i))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** cast a lua_Unsigned to a signed lua_Integer; this cast is
+** not strict ISO C, but two-complement architectures should
+** work fine.
+*/
+#if !defined(l_castU2S)
+#define l_castU2S(i)	((lua_Integer)(i))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** non-return type
+*/
+#if !defined(l_noret)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define l_noret		void __attribute__((noreturn))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1200
+#define l_noret		void __declspec(noreturn)
+#else
+#define l_noret		void
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** type for virtual-machine instructions;
+** must be an unsigned with (at least) 4 bytes (see details in lopcodes.h)
+*/
+#if LUAI_IS32INT
+typedef unsigned int l_uint32;
+#else
+typedef unsigned long l_uint32;
+#endif
+
+typedef l_uint32 Instruction;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum length for short strings, that is, strings that are
+** internalized. (Cannot be smaller than reserved words or tags for
+** metamethods, as these strings must be internalized;
+** #("function") = 8, #("__newindex") = 10.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)
+#define LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN	40
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Initial size for the string table (must be power of 2).
+** The Lua core alone registers ~50 strings (reserved words +
+** metaevent keys + a few others). Libraries would typically add
+** a few dozens more.
+*/
+#if !defined(MINSTRTABSIZE)
+#define MINSTRTABSIZE	128
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Size of cache for strings in the API. 'N' is the number of
+** sets (better be a prime) and "M" is the size of each set (M == 1
+** makes a direct cache.)
+*/
+#if !defined(STRCACHE_N)
+#define STRCACHE_N		53
+#define STRCACHE_M		2
+#endif
+
+
+/* minimum size for string buffer */
+#if !defined(LUA_MINBUFFER)
+#define LUA_MINBUFFER	32
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum depth for nested C calls, syntactical nested non-terminals,
+** and other features implemented through recursion in C. (Value must
+** fit in a 16-bit unsigned integer. It must also be compatible with
+** the size of the C stack.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+#define LUAI_MAXCCALLS		200
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** macros that are executed whenever program enters the Lua core
+** ('lua_lock') and leaves the core ('lua_unlock')
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_lock)
+#define lua_lock(L)	((void) 0)
+#define lua_unlock(L)	((void) 0)
+#endif
+
+/*
+** macro executed during Lua functions at points where the
+** function can yield.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_threadyield)
+#define luai_threadyield(L)	{lua_unlock(L); lua_lock(L);}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** these macros allow user-specific actions when a thread is
+** created/deleted/resumed/yielded.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_userstateopen)
+#define luai_userstateopen(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateclose)
+#define luai_userstateclose(L)		((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatethread)
+#define luai_userstatethread(L,L1)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstatefree)
+#define luai_userstatefree(L,L1)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateresume)
+#define luai_userstateresume(L,n)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(luai_userstateyield)
+#define luai_userstateyield(L,n)	((void)L)
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** The luai_num* macros define the primitive operations over numbers.
+*/
+
+/* floor division (defined as 'floor(a/b)') */
+#if !defined(luai_numidiv)
+#define luai_numidiv(L,a,b)     ((void)L, l_floor(luai_numdiv(L,a,b)))
+#endif
+
+/* float division */
+#if !defined(luai_numdiv)
+#define luai_numdiv(L,a,b)      ((a)/(b))
+#endif
+
+/*
+** modulo: defined as 'a - floor(a/b)*b'; the direct computation
+** using this definition has several problems with rounding errors,
+** so it is better to use 'fmod'. 'fmod' gives the result of
+** 'a - trunc(a/b)*b', and therefore must be corrected when
+** 'trunc(a/b) ~= floor(a/b)'. That happens when the division has a
+** non-integer negative result: non-integer result is equivalent to
+** a non-zero remainder 'm'; negative result is equivalent to 'a' and
+** 'b' with different signs, or 'm' and 'b' with different signs
+** (as the result 'm' of 'fmod' has the same sign of 'a').
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_nummod)
+#define luai_nummod(L,a,b,m)  \
+  { (void)L; (m) = l_mathop(fmod)(a,b); \
+    if (((m) > 0) ? (b) < 0 : ((m) < 0 && (b) > 0)) (m) += (b); }
+#endif
+
+/* exponentiation */
+#if !defined(luai_numpow)
+#define luai_numpow(L,a,b)  \
+  ((void)L, (b == 2) ? (a)*(a) : l_mathop(pow)(a,b))
+#endif
+
+/* the others are quite standard operations */
+#if !defined(luai_numadd)
+#define luai_numadd(L,a,b)      ((a)+(b))
+#define luai_numsub(L,a,b)      ((a)-(b))
+#define luai_nummul(L,a,b)      ((a)*(b))
+#define luai_numunm(L,a)        (-(a))
+#define luai_numeq(a,b)         ((a)==(b))
+#define luai_numlt(a,b)         ((a)<(b))
+#define luai_numle(a,b)         ((a)<=(b))
+#define luai_numgt(a,b)         ((a)>(b))
+#define luai_numge(a,b)         ((a)>=(b))
+#define luai_numisnan(a)        (!luai_numeq((a), (a)))
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** macro to control inclusion of some hard tests on stack reallocation
+*/
+#if !defined(HARDSTACKTESTS)
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+#else
+/* realloc stack keeping its size */
+#define condmovestack(L,pre,pos)  \
+  { int sz_ = stacksize(L); pre; luaD_reallocstack((L), sz_, 0); pos; }
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(HARDMEMTESTS)
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)	((void)0)
+#else
+#define condchangemem(L,pre,pos)  \
+	{ if (G(L)->gcrunning) { pre; luaC_fullgc(L, 0); pos; } }
+#endif
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lmathlib.c b/external/lua/src/lmathlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f5983a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lmathlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,764 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmathlib.c $
+** Standard mathematical library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lmathlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#undef PI
+#define PI	(l_mathop(3.141592653589793238462643383279502884))
+
+
+static int math_abs (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1)) {
+    lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, 1);
+    if (n < 0) n = (lua_Integer)(0u - (lua_Unsigned)n);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fabs)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sin (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_cos (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tan (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tan)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_asin (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(asin)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_acos (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(acos)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_atan (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number x = luaL_optnumber(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(atan2)(y, x));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_toint (lua_State *L) {
+  int valid;
+  lua_Integer n = lua_tointegerx(L, 1, &valid);
+  if (l_likely(valid))
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  else {
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* value is not convertible to integer */
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void pushnumint (lua_State *L, lua_Number d) {
+  lua_Integer n;
+  if (lua_numbertointeger(d, &n))  /* does 'd' fit in an integer? */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* result is integer */
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, d);  /* result is float */
+}
+
+
+static int math_floor (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1))
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own floor */
+  else {
+    lua_Number d = l_mathop(floor)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1));
+    pushnumint(L, d);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_ceil (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1))
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* integer is its own ceil */
+  else {
+    lua_Number d = l_mathop(ceil)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1));
+    pushnumint(L, d);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_fmod (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L, 1) && lua_isinteger(L, 2)) {
+    lua_Integer d = lua_tointeger(L, 2);
+    if ((lua_Unsigned)d + 1u <= 1u) {  /* special cases: -1 or 0 */
+      luaL_argcheck(L, d != 0, 2, "zero");
+      lua_pushinteger(L, 0);  /* avoid overflow with 0x80000... / -1 */
+    }
+    else
+      lua_pushinteger(L, lua_tointeger(L, 1) % d);
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(fmod)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1),
+                                     luaL_checknumber(L, 2)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** next function does not use 'modf', avoiding problems with 'double*'
+** (which is not compatible with 'float*') when lua_Number is not
+** 'double'.
+*/
+static int math_modf (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_isinteger(L ,1)) {
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* number is its own integer part */
+    lua_pushnumber(L, 0);  /* no fractional part */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+    /* integer part (rounds toward zero) */
+    lua_Number ip = (n < 0) ? l_mathop(ceil)(n) : l_mathop(floor)(n);
+    pushnumint(L, ip);
+    /* fractional part (test needed for inf/-inf) */
+    lua_pushnumber(L, (n == ip) ? l_mathop(0.0) : (n - ip));
+  }
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int math_sqrt (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sqrt)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_ult (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer a = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+  lua_Integer b = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_pushboolean(L, (lua_Unsigned)a < (lua_Unsigned)b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number res;
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))
+    res = l_mathop(log)(x);
+  else {
+    lua_Number base = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+    if (base == l_mathop(2.0))
+      res = l_mathop(log2)(x);
+    else
+#endif
+    if (base == l_mathop(10.0))
+      res = l_mathop(log10)(x);
+    else
+      res = l_mathop(log)(x)/l_mathop(log)(base);
+  }
+  lua_pushnumber(L, res);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_exp (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(exp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_deg (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (l_mathop(180.0) / PI));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_rad (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, luaL_checknumber(L, 1) * (PI / l_mathop(180.0)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_min (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int imin = 1;  /* index of current minimum value */
+  int i;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 1, 1, "value expected");
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    if (lua_compare(L, i, imin, LUA_OPLT))
+      imin = i;
+  }
+  lua_pushvalue(L, imin);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_max (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int imax = 1;  /* index of current maximum value */
+  int i;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, n >= 1, 1, "value expected");
+  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
+    if (lua_compare(L, imax, i, LUA_OPLT))
+      imax = i;
+  }
+  lua_pushvalue(L, imax);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int math_type (lua_State *L) {
+  if (lua_type(L, 1) == LUA_TNUMBER)
+    lua_pushstring(L, (lua_isinteger(L, 1)) ? "integer" : "float");
+  else {
+    luaL_checkany(L, 1);
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Pseudo-Random Number Generator based on 'xoshiro256**'.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* number of binary digits in the mantissa of a float */
+#define FIGS	l_floatatt(MANT_DIG)
+
+#if FIGS > 64
+/* there are only 64 random bits; use them all */
+#undef FIGS
+#define FIGS	64
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_RAND32 forces the use of 32-bit integers in the implementation
+** of the PRN generator (mainly for testing).
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_RAND32) && !defined(Rand64)
+
+/* try to find an integer type with at least 64 bits */
+
+#if (ULONG_MAX >> 31 >> 31) >= 3
+
+/* 'long' has at least 64 bits */
+#define Rand64		unsigned long
+
+#elif !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(LLONG_MAX)
+
+/* there is a 'long long' type (which must have at least 64 bits) */
+#define Rand64		unsigned long long
+
+#elif (LUA_MAXUNSIGNED >> 31 >> 31) >= 3
+
+/* 'lua_Integer' has at least 64 bits */
+#define Rand64		lua_Unsigned
+
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(Rand64)  /* { */
+
+/*
+** Standard implementation, using 64-bit integers.
+** If 'Rand64' has more than 64 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
+** with the 64 initial bits, except in a right shift. Moreover, the
+** final result has to discard the extra bits.
+*/
+
+/* avoid using extra bits when needed */
+#define trim64(x)	((x) & 0xffffffffffffffffu)
+
+
+/* rotate left 'x' by 'n' bits */
+static Rand64 rotl (Rand64 x, int n) {
+  return (x << n) | (trim64(x) >> (64 - n));
+}
+
+static Rand64 nextrand (Rand64 *state) {
+  Rand64 state0 = state[0];
+  Rand64 state1 = state[1];
+  Rand64 state2 = state[2] ^ state0;
+  Rand64 state3 = state[3] ^ state1;
+  Rand64 res = rotl(state1 * 5, 7) * 9;
+  state[0] = state0 ^ state3;
+  state[1] = state1 ^ state2;
+  state[2] = state2 ^ (state1 << 17);
+  state[3] = rotl(state3, 45);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/* must take care to not shift stuff by more than 63 slots */
+
+
+/*
+** Convert bits from a random integer into a float in the
+** interval [0,1), getting the higher FIG bits from the
+** random unsigned integer and converting that to a float.
+*/
+
+/* must throw out the extra (64 - FIGS) bits */
+#define shift64_FIG	(64 - FIGS)
+
+/* to scale to [0, 1), multiply by scaleFIG = 2^(-FIGS) */
+#define scaleFIG	(l_mathop(0.5) / ((Rand64)1 << (FIGS - 1)))
+
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  return (lua_Number)(trim64(x) >> shift64_FIG) * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+/* convert a 'Rand64' to a 'lua_Unsigned' */
+#define I2UInt(x)	((lua_Unsigned)trim64(x))
+
+/* convert a 'lua_Unsigned' to a 'Rand64' */
+#define Int2I(x)	((Rand64)(x))
+
+
+#else	/* no 'Rand64'   }{ */
+
+/* get an integer with at least 32 bits */
+#if LUAI_IS32INT
+typedef unsigned int lu_int32;
+#else
+typedef unsigned long lu_int32;
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Use two 32-bit integers to represent a 64-bit quantity.
+*/
+typedef struct Rand64 {
+  lu_int32 h;  /* higher half */
+  lu_int32 l;  /* lower half */
+} Rand64;
+
+
+/*
+** If 'lu_int32' has more than 32 bits, the extra bits do not interfere
+** with the 32 initial bits, except in a right shift and comparisons.
+** Moreover, the final result has to discard the extra bits.
+*/
+
+/* avoid using extra bits when needed */
+#define trim32(x)	((x) & 0xffffffffu)
+
+
+/*
+** basic operations on 'Rand64' values
+*/
+
+/* build a new Rand64 value */
+static Rand64 packI (lu_int32 h, lu_int32 l) {
+  Rand64 result;
+  result.h = h;
+  result.l = l;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* return i << n */
+static Rand64 Ishl (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 0 && n < 32);
+  return packI((i.h << n) | (trim32(i.l) >> (32 - n)), i.l << n);
+}
+
+/* i1 ^= i2 */
+static void Ixor (Rand64 *i1, Rand64 i2) {
+  i1->h ^= i2.h;
+  i1->l ^= i2.l;
+}
+
+/* return i1 + i2 */
+static Rand64 Iadd (Rand64 i1, Rand64 i2) {
+  Rand64 result = packI(i1.h + i2.h, i1.l + i2.l);
+  if (trim32(result.l) < trim32(i1.l))  /* carry? */
+    result.h++;
+  return result;
+}
+
+/* return i * 5 */
+static Rand64 times5 (Rand64 i) {
+  return Iadd(Ishl(i, 2), i);  /* i * 5 == (i << 2) + i */
+}
+
+/* return i * 9 */
+static Rand64 times9 (Rand64 i) {
+  return Iadd(Ishl(i, 3), i);  /* i * 9 == (i << 3) + i */
+}
+
+/* return 'i' rotated left 'n' bits */
+static Rand64 rotl (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 0 && n < 32);
+  return packI((i.h << n) | (trim32(i.l) >> (32 - n)),
+               (trim32(i.h) >> (32 - n)) | (i.l << n));
+}
+
+/* for offsets larger than 32, rotate right by 64 - offset */
+static Rand64 rotl1 (Rand64 i, int n) {
+  lua_assert(n > 32 && n < 64);
+  n = 64 - n;
+  return packI((trim32(i.h) >> n) | (i.l << (32 - n)),
+               (i.h << (32 - n)) | (trim32(i.l) >> n));
+}
+
+/*
+** implementation of 'xoshiro256**' algorithm on 'Rand64' values
+*/
+static Rand64 nextrand (Rand64 *state) {
+  Rand64 res = times9(rotl(times5(state[1]), 7));
+  Rand64 t = Ishl(state[1], 17);
+  Ixor(&state[2], state[0]);
+  Ixor(&state[3], state[1]);
+  Ixor(&state[1], state[2]);
+  Ixor(&state[0], state[3]);
+  Ixor(&state[2], t);
+  state[3] = rotl1(state[3], 45);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Converts a 'Rand64' into a float.
+*/
+
+/* an unsigned 1 with proper type */
+#define UONE		((lu_int32)1)
+
+
+#if FIGS <= 32
+
+/* 2^(-FIGS) */
+#define scaleFIG       (l_mathop(0.5) / (UONE << (FIGS - 1)))
+
+/*
+** get up to 32 bits from higher half, shifting right to
+** throw out the extra bits.
+*/
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  lua_Number h = (lua_Number)(trim32(x.h) >> (32 - FIGS));
+  return h * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+#else	/* 32 < FIGS <= 64 */
+
+/* must take care to not shift stuff by more than 31 slots */
+
+/* 2^(-FIGS) = 1.0 / 2^30 / 2^3 / 2^(FIGS-33) */
+#define scaleFIG  \
+	((lua_Number)1.0 / (UONE << 30) / 8.0 / (UONE << (FIGS - 33)))
+
+/*
+** use FIGS - 32 bits from lower half, throwing out the other
+** (32 - (FIGS - 32)) = (64 - FIGS) bits
+*/
+#define shiftLOW	(64 - FIGS)
+
+/*
+** higher 32 bits go after those (FIGS - 32) bits: shiftHI = 2^(FIGS - 32)
+*/
+#define shiftHI		((lua_Number)(UONE << (FIGS - 33)) * 2.0)
+
+
+static lua_Number I2d (Rand64 x) {
+  lua_Number h = (lua_Number)trim32(x.h) * shiftHI;
+  lua_Number l = (lua_Number)(trim32(x.l) >> shiftLOW);
+  return (h + l) * scaleFIG;
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/* convert a 'Rand64' to a 'lua_Unsigned' */
+static lua_Unsigned I2UInt (Rand64 x) {
+  return ((lua_Unsigned)trim32(x.h) << 31 << 1) | (lua_Unsigned)trim32(x.l);
+}
+
+/* convert a 'lua_Unsigned' to a 'Rand64' */
+static Rand64 Int2I (lua_Unsigned n) {
+  return packI((lu_int32)(n >> 31 >> 1), (lu_int32)n);
+}
+
+#endif  /* } */
+
+
+/*
+** A state uses four 'Rand64' values.
+*/
+typedef struct {
+  Rand64 s[4];
+} RanState;
+
+
+/*
+** Project the random integer 'ran' into the interval [0, n].
+** Because 'ran' has 2^B possible values, the projection can only be
+** uniform when the size of the interval is a power of 2 (exact
+** division). Otherwise, to get a uniform projection into [0, n], we
+** first compute 'lim', the smallest Mersenne number not smaller than
+** 'n'. We then project 'ran' into the interval [0, lim].  If the result
+** is inside [0, n], we are done. Otherwise, we try with another 'ran',
+** until we have a result inside the interval.
+*/
+static lua_Unsigned project (lua_Unsigned ran, lua_Unsigned n,
+                             RanState *state) {
+  if ((n & (n + 1)) == 0)  /* is 'n + 1' a power of 2? */
+    return ran & n;  /* no bias */
+  else {
+    lua_Unsigned lim = n;
+    /* compute the smallest (2^b - 1) not smaller than 'n' */
+    lim |= (lim >> 1);
+    lim |= (lim >> 2);
+    lim |= (lim >> 4);
+    lim |= (lim >> 8);
+    lim |= (lim >> 16);
+#if (LUA_MAXUNSIGNED >> 31) >= 3
+    lim |= (lim >> 32);  /* integer type has more than 32 bits */
+#endif
+    lua_assert((lim & (lim + 1)) == 0  /* 'lim + 1' is a power of 2, */
+      && lim >= n  /* not smaller than 'n', */
+      && (lim >> 1) < n);  /* and it is the smallest one */
+    while ((ran &= lim) > n)  /* project 'ran' into [0..lim] */
+      ran = I2UInt(nextrand(state->s));  /* not inside [0..n]? try again */
+    return ran;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int math_random (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer low, up;
+  lua_Unsigned p;
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  Rand64 rv = nextrand(state->s);  /* next pseudo-random value */
+  switch (lua_gettop(L)) {  /* check number of arguments */
+    case 0: {  /* no arguments */
+      lua_pushnumber(L, I2d(rv));  /* float between 0 and 1 */
+      return 1;
+    }
+    case 1: {  /* only upper limit */
+      low = 1;
+      up = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+      if (up == 0) {  /* single 0 as argument? */
+        lua_pushinteger(L, I2UInt(rv));  /* full random integer */
+        return 1;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 2: {  /* lower and upper limits */
+      low = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+      up = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments");
+  }
+  /* random integer in the interval [low, up] */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, low <= up, 1, "interval is empty");
+  /* project random integer into the interval [0, up - low] */
+  p = project(I2UInt(rv), (lua_Unsigned)up - (lua_Unsigned)low, state);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, p + (lua_Unsigned)low);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void setseed (lua_State *L, Rand64 *state,
+                     lua_Unsigned n1, lua_Unsigned n2) {
+  int i;
+  state[0] = Int2I(n1);
+  state[1] = Int2I(0xff);  /* avoid a zero state */
+  state[2] = Int2I(n2);
+  state[3] = Int2I(0);
+  for (i = 0; i < 16; i++)
+    nextrand(state);  /* discard initial values to "spread" seed */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set a "random" seed. To get some randomness, use the current time
+** and the address of 'L' (in case the machine does address space layout
+** randomization).
+*/
+static void randseed (lua_State *L, RanState *state) {
+  lua_Unsigned seed1 = (lua_Unsigned)time(NULL);
+  lua_Unsigned seed2 = (lua_Unsigned)(size_t)L;
+  setseed(L, state->s, seed1, seed2);
+}
+
+
+static int math_randomseed (lua_State *L) {
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(1));
+  if (lua_isnone(L, 1)) {
+    randseed(L, state);
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer n1 = luaL_checkinteger(L, 1);
+    lua_Integer n2 = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 0);
+    setseed(L, state->s, n1, n2);
+  }
+  return 2;  /* return seeds */
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg randfuncs[] = {
+  {"random", math_random},
+  {"randomseed", math_randomseed},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Register the random functions and initialize their state.
+*/
+static void setrandfunc (lua_State *L) {
+  RanState *state = (RanState *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(RanState), 0);
+  randseed(L, state);  /* initialize with a "random" seed */
+  lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove pushed seeds */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, randfuncs, 1);
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Deprecated functions (for compatibility only)
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB)
+
+static int math_cosh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(cosh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_sinh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(sinh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_tanh (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(tanh)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_pow (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  lua_Number y = luaL_checknumber(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(pow)(x, y));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_frexp (lua_State *L) {
+  int e;
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(frexp)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1), &e));
+  lua_pushinteger(L, e);
+  return 2;
+}
+
+static int math_ldexp (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Number x = luaL_checknumber(L, 1);
+  int ep = (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(ldexp)(x, ep));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+static int math_log10 (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, l_mathop(log10)(luaL_checknumber(L, 1)));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+#endif
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg mathlib[] = {
+  {"abs",   math_abs},
+  {"acos",  math_acos},
+  {"asin",  math_asin},
+  {"atan",  math_atan},
+  {"ceil",  math_ceil},
+  {"cos",   math_cos},
+  {"deg",   math_deg},
+  {"exp",   math_exp},
+  {"tointeger", math_toint},
+  {"floor", math_floor},
+  {"fmod",   math_fmod},
+  {"ult",   math_ult},
+  {"log",   math_log},
+  {"max",   math_max},
+  {"min",   math_min},
+  {"modf",   math_modf},
+  {"rad",   math_rad},
+  {"sin",   math_sin},
+  {"sqrt",  math_sqrt},
+  {"tan",   math_tan},
+  {"type", math_type},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB)
+  {"atan2", math_atan},
+  {"cosh",   math_cosh},
+  {"sinh",   math_sinh},
+  {"tanh",   math_tanh},
+  {"pow",   math_pow},
+  {"frexp", math_frexp},
+  {"ldexp", math_ldexp},
+  {"log10", math_log10},
+#endif
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"random", NULL},
+  {"randomseed", NULL},
+  {"pi", NULL},
+  {"huge", NULL},
+  {"maxinteger", NULL},
+  {"mininteger", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+/*
+** Open math library
+*/
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_math (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, mathlib);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, PI);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "pi");
+  lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "huge");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, LUA_MAXINTEGER);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "maxinteger");
+  lua_pushinteger(L, LUA_MININTEGER);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "mininteger");
+  setrandfunc(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lmem.c b/external/lua/src/lmem.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9029d58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lmem.c
@@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.c $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lmem_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+#if defined(EMERGENCYGCTESTS)
+/*
+** First allocation will fail whenever not building initial state.
+** (This fail will trigger 'tryagain' and a full GC cycle at every
+** allocation.)
+*/
+static void *firsttry (global_State *g, void *block, size_t os, size_t ns) {
+  if (completestate(g) && ns > 0)  /* frees never fail */
+    return NULL;  /* fail */
+  else  /* normal allocation */
+    return (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, os, ns);
+}
+#else
+#define firsttry(g,block,os,ns)    ((*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, os, ns))
+#endif
+
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** About the realloc function:
+** void *frealloc (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+** ('osize' is the old size, 'nsize' is the new size)
+**
+** - frealloc(ud, p, x, 0) frees the block 'p' and returns NULL.
+** Particularly, frealloc(ud, NULL, 0, 0) does nothing,
+** which is equivalent to free(NULL) in ISO C.
+**
+** - frealloc(ud, NULL, x, s) creates a new block of size 's'
+** (no matter 'x'). Returns NULL if it cannot create the new block.
+**
+** - otherwise, frealloc(ud, b, x, y) reallocates the block 'b' from
+** size 'x' to size 'y'. Returns NULL if it cannot reallocate the
+** block to the new size.
+*/
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Functions to allocate/deallocate arrays for the Parser
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Minimum size for arrays during parsing, to avoid overhead of
+** reallocating to size 1, then 2, and then 4. All these arrays
+** will be reallocated to exact sizes or erased when parsing ends.
+*/
+#define MINSIZEARRAY	4
+
+
+void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems, int *psize,
+                     int size_elems, int limit, const char *what) {
+  void *newblock;
+  int size = *psize;
+  if (nelems + 1 <= size)  /* does one extra element still fit? */
+    return block;  /* nothing to be done */
+  if (size >= limit / 2) {  /* cannot double it? */
+    if (l_unlikely(size >= limit))  /* cannot grow even a little? */
+      luaG_runerror(L, "too many %s (limit is %d)", what, limit);
+    size = limit;  /* still have at least one free place */
+  }
+  else {
+    size *= 2;
+    if (size < MINSIZEARRAY)
+      size = MINSIZEARRAY;  /* minimum size */
+  }
+  lua_assert(nelems + 1 <= size && size <= limit);
+  /* 'limit' ensures that multiplication will not overflow */
+  newblock = luaM_saferealloc_(L, block, cast_sizet(*psize) * size_elems,
+                                         cast_sizet(size) * size_elems);
+  *psize = size;  /* update only when everything else is OK */
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In prototypes, the size of the array is also its number of
+** elements (to save memory). So, if it cannot shrink an array
+** to its number of elements, the only option is to raise an
+** error.
+*/
+void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *size,
+                          int final_n, int size_elem) {
+  void *newblock;
+  size_t oldsize = cast_sizet((*size) * size_elem);
+  size_t newsize = cast_sizet(final_n * size_elem);
+  lua_assert(newsize <= oldsize);
+  newblock = luaM_saferealloc_(L, block, oldsize, newsize);
+  *size = final_n;
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L) {
+  luaG_runerror(L, "memory allocation error: block too big");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Free memory
+*/
+void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+  (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, 0);
+  g->GCdebt -= osize;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** In case of allocation fail, this function will do an emergency
+** collection to free some memory and then try the allocation again.
+** The GC should not be called while state is not fully built, as the
+** collector is not yet fully initialized. Also, it should not be called
+** when 'gcstopem' is true, because then the interpreter is in the
+** middle of a collection step.
+*/
+static void *tryagain (lua_State *L, void *block,
+                       size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (completestate(g) && !g->gcstopem) {
+    luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some memory... */
+    return (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, block, osize, nsize);  /* try again */
+  }
+  else return NULL;  /* cannot free any memory without a full state */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generic allocation routine.
+*/
+void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize, size_t nsize) {
+  void *newblock;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  lua_assert((osize == 0) == (block == NULL));
+  newblock = firsttry(g, block, osize, nsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL && nsize > 0)) {
+    newblock = tryagain(L, block, osize, nsize);
+    if (newblock == NULL)  /* still no memory? */
+      return NULL;  /* do not update 'GCdebt' */
+  }
+  lua_assert((nsize == 0) == (newblock == NULL));
+  g->GCdebt = (g->GCdebt + nsize) - osize;
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+
+void *luaM_saferealloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize,
+                                                    size_t nsize) {
+  void *newblock = luaM_realloc_(L, block, osize, nsize);
+  if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL && nsize > 0))  /* allocation failed? */
+    luaM_error(L);
+  return newblock;
+}
+
+
+void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag) {
+  if (size == 0)
+    return NULL;  /* that's all */
+  else {
+    global_State *g = G(L);
+    void *newblock = firsttry(g, NULL, tag, size);
+    if (l_unlikely(newblock == NULL)) {
+      newblock = tryagain(L, NULL, tag, size);
+      if (newblock == NULL)
+        luaM_error(L);
+    }
+    g->GCdebt += size;
+    return newblock;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lmem.h b/external/lua/src/lmem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8c75a44
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lmem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lmem.h $
+** Interface to Memory Manager
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lmem_h
+#define lmem_h
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+#define luaM_error(L)	luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRMEM)
+
+
+/*
+** This macro tests whether it is safe to multiply 'n' by the size of
+** type 't' without overflows. Because 'e' is always constant, it avoids
+** the runtime division MAX_SIZET/(e).
+** (The macro is somewhat complex to avoid warnings:  The 'sizeof'
+** comparison avoids a runtime comparison when overflow cannot occur.
+** The compiler should be able to optimize the real test by itself, but
+** when it does it, it may give a warning about "comparison is always
+** false due to limited range of data type"; the +1 tricks the compiler,
+** avoiding this warning but also this optimization.)
+*/
+#define luaM_testsize(n,e)  \
+	(sizeof(n) >= sizeof(size_t) && cast_sizet((n)) + 1 > MAX_SIZET/(e))
+
+#define luaM_checksize(L,n,e)  \
+	(luaM_testsize(n,e) ? luaM_toobig(L) : cast_void(0))
+
+
+/*
+** Computes the minimum between 'n' and 'MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)', so that
+** the result is not larger than 'n' and cannot overflow a 'size_t'
+** when multiplied by the size of type 't'. (Assumes that 'n' is an
+** 'int' or 'unsigned int' and that 'int' is not larger than 'size_t'.)
+*/
+#define luaM_limitN(n,t)  \
+  ((cast_sizet(n) <= MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t)) ? (n) :  \
+     cast_uint((MAX_SIZET/sizeof(t))))
+
+
+/*
+** Arrays of chars do not need any test
+*/
+#define luaM_reallocvchar(L,b,on,n)  \
+  cast_charp(luaM_saferealloc_(L, (b), (on)*sizeof(char), (n)*sizeof(char)))
+
+#define luaM_freemem(L, b, s)	luaM_free_(L, (b), (s))
+#define luaM_free(L, b)		luaM_free_(L, (b), sizeof(*(b)))
+#define luaM_freearray(L, b, n)   luaM_free_(L, (b), (n)*sizeof(*(b)))
+
+#define luaM_new(L,t)		cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, sizeof(t), 0))
+#define luaM_newvector(L,n,t)	cast(t*, luaM_malloc_(L, (n)*sizeof(t), 0))
+#define luaM_newvectorchecked(L,n,t) \
+  (luaM_checksize(L,n,sizeof(t)), luaM_newvector(L,n,t))
+
+#define luaM_newobject(L,tag,s)	luaM_malloc_(L, (s), tag)
+
+#define luaM_growvector(L,v,nelems,size,t,limit,e) \
+	((v)=cast(t *, luaM_growaux_(L,v,nelems,&(size),sizeof(t), \
+                         luaM_limitN(limit,t),e)))
+
+#define luaM_reallocvector(L, v,oldn,n,t) \
+   (cast(t *, luaM_realloc_(L, v, cast_sizet(oldn) * sizeof(t), \
+                                  cast_sizet(n) * sizeof(t))))
+
+#define luaM_shrinkvector(L,v,size,fs,t) \
+   ((v)=cast(t *, luaM_shrinkvector_(L, v, &(size), fs, sizeof(t))))
+
+LUAI_FUNC l_noret luaM_toobig (lua_State *L);
+
+/* not to be called directly */
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_realloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+                                                          size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_saferealloc_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t oldsize,
+                                                              size_t size);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaM_free_ (lua_State *L, void *block, size_t osize);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_growaux_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int nelems,
+                               int *size, int size_elem, int limit,
+                               const char *what);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_shrinkvector_ (lua_State *L, void *block, int *nelem,
+                                    int final_n, int size_elem);
+LUAI_FUNC void *luaM_malloc_ (lua_State *L, size_t size, int tag);
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/loadlib.c b/external/lua/src/loadlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f9fa37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/loadlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,762 @@
+/*
+** $Id: loadlib.c $
+** Dynamic library loader for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+**
+** This module contains an implementation of loadlib for Unix systems
+** that have dlfcn, an implementation for Windows, and a stub for other
+** systems.
+*/
+
+#define loadlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_IGMARK is a mark to ignore all before it when building the
+** luaopen_ function name.
+*/
+#if !defined (LUA_IGMARK)
+#define LUA_IGMARK		"-"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** LUA_CSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names
+** when searching for a C loader.
+** LUA_LSUBSEP is the character that replaces dots in submodule names
+** when searching for a Lua loader.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_CSUBSEP)
+#define LUA_CSUBSEP		LUA_DIRSEP
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_LSUBSEP)
+#define LUA_LSUBSEP		LUA_DIRSEP
+#endif
+
+
+/* prefix for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_POF		"luaopen_"
+
+/* separator for open functions in C libraries */
+#define LUA_OFSEP	"_"
+
+
+/*
+** key for table in the registry that keeps handles
+** for all loaded C libraries
+*/
+static const char *const CLIBS = "_CLIBS";
+
+#define LIB_FAIL	"open"
+
+
+#define setprogdir(L)           ((void)0)
+
+
+/*
+** Special type equivalent to '(void*)' for functions in gcc
+** (to suppress warnings when converting function pointers)
+*/
+typedef void (*voidf)(void);
+
+
+/*
+** system-dependent functions
+*/
+
+/*
+** unload library 'lib'
+*/
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib);
+
+/*
+** load C library in file 'path'. If 'seeglb', load with all names in
+** the library global.
+** Returns the library; in case of error, returns NULL plus an
+** error string in the stack.
+*/
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb);
+
+/*
+** Try to find a function named 'sym' in library 'lib'.
+** Returns the function; in case of error, returns NULL plus an
+** error string in the stack.
+*/
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym);
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_DLOPEN)	/* { */
+/*
+** {========================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib based on the dlfcn interface.
+** The dlfcn interface is available in Linux, SunOS, Solaris, IRIX, FreeBSD,
+** NetBSD, AIX 4.2, HPUX 11, and  probably most other Unix flavors, at least
+** as an emulation layer on top of native functions.
+** =========================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+
+/*
+** Macro to convert pointer-to-void* to pointer-to-function. This cast
+** is undefined according to ISO C, but POSIX assumes that it works.
+** (The '__extension__' in gnu compilers is only to avoid warnings.)
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define cast_func(p) (__extension__ (lua_CFunction)(p))
+#else
+#define cast_func(p) ((lua_CFunction)(p))
+#endif
+
+
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+  dlclose(lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+  void *lib = dlopen(path, RTLD_NOW | (seeglb ? RTLD_GLOBAL : RTLD_LOCAL));
+  if (l_unlikely(lib == NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+  return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  lua_CFunction f = cast_func(dlsym(lib, sym));
+  if (l_unlikely(f == NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, dlerror());
+  return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+#elif defined(LUA_DL_DLL)	/* }{ */
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** This is an implementation of loadlib for Windows using native functions.
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+
+/*
+** optional flags for LoadLibraryEx
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_LLE_FLAGS)
+#define LUA_LLE_FLAGS	0
+#endif
+
+
+#undef setprogdir
+
+
+/*
+** Replace in the path (on the top of the stack) any occurrence
+** of LUA_EXEC_DIR with the executable's path.
+*/
+static void setprogdir (lua_State *L) {
+  char buff[MAX_PATH + 1];
+  char *lb;
+  DWORD nsize = sizeof(buff)/sizeof(char);
+  DWORD n = GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, buff, nsize);  /* get exec. name */
+  if (n == 0 || n == nsize || (lb = strrchr(buff, '\\')) == NULL)
+    luaL_error(L, "unable to get ModuleFileName");
+  else {
+    *lb = '\0';  /* cut name on the last '\\' to get the path */
+    luaL_gsub(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), LUA_EXEC_DIR, buff);
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove original string */
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
+static void pusherror (lua_State *L) {
+  int error = GetLastError();
+  char buffer[128];
+  if (FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS | FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM,
+      NULL, error, 0, buffer, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(char), NULL))
+    lua_pushstring(L, buffer);
+  else
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "system error %d\n", error);
+}
+
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+  FreeLibrary((HMODULE)lib);
+}
+
+
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+  HMODULE lib = LoadLibraryExA(path, NULL, LUA_LLE_FLAGS);
+  (void)(seeglb);  /* not used: symbols are 'global' by default */
+  if (lib == NULL) pusherror(L);
+  return lib;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  lua_CFunction f = (lua_CFunction)(voidf)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)lib, sym);
+  if (f == NULL) pusherror(L);
+  return f;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Fallback for other systems
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#undef LIB_FAIL
+#define LIB_FAIL	"absent"
+
+
+#define DLMSG	"dynamic libraries not enabled; check your Lua installation"
+
+
+static void lsys_unloadlib (void *lib) {
+  (void)(lib);  /* not used */
+}
+
+
+static void *lsys_load (lua_State *L, const char *path, int seeglb) {
+  (void)(path); (void)(seeglb);  /* not used */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static lua_CFunction lsys_sym (lua_State *L, void *lib, const char *sym) {
+  (void)(lib); (void)(sym);  /* not used */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, DLMSG);
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Set Paths
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUA_PATH_VAR and LUA_CPATH_VAR are the names of the environment
+** variables that Lua check to set its paths.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH_VAR)
+#define LUA_PATH_VAR    "LUA_PATH"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH_VAR)
+#define LUA_CPATH_VAR   "LUA_CPATH"
+#endif
+
+
+
+/*
+** return registry.LUA_NOENV as a boolean
+*/
+static int noenv (lua_State *L) {
+  int b;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+  b = lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
+  return b;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set a path
+*/
+static void setpath (lua_State *L, const char *fieldname,
+                                   const char *envname,
+                                   const char *dft) {
+  const char *dftmark;
+  const char *nver = lua_pushfstring(L, "%s%s", envname, LUA_VERSUFFIX);
+  const char *path = getenv(nver);  /* try versioned name */
+  if (path == NULL)  /* no versioned environment variable? */
+    path = getenv(envname);  /* try unversioned name */
+  if (path == NULL || noenv(L))  /* no environment variable? */
+    lua_pushstring(L, dft);  /* use default */
+  else if ((dftmark = strstr(path, LUA_PATH_SEP LUA_PATH_SEP)) == NULL)
+    lua_pushstring(L, path);  /* nothing to change */
+  else {  /* path contains a ";;": insert default path in its place */
+    size_t len = strlen(path);
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    if (path < dftmark) {  /* is there a prefix before ';;'? */
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, path, dftmark - path);  /* add it */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
+    }
+    luaL_addstring(&b, dft);  /* add default */
+    if (dftmark < path + len - 2) {  /* is there a suffix after ';;'? */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *LUA_PATH_SEP);
+      luaL_addlstring(&b, dftmark + 2, (path + len - 2) - dftmark);
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  setprogdir(L);
+  lua_setfield(L, -3, fieldname);  /* package[fieldname] = path value */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop versioned variable name ('nver') */
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** return registry.CLIBS[path]
+*/
+static void *checkclib (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+  void *plib;
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
+  lua_getfield(L, -1, path);
+  plib = lua_touserdata(L, -1);  /* plib = CLIBS[path] */
+  lua_pop(L, 2);  /* pop CLIBS table and 'plib' */
+  return plib;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** registry.CLIBS[path] = plib        -- for queries
+** registry.CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib  -- also keep a list of all libraries
+*/
+static void addtoclib (lua_State *L, const char *path, void *plib) {
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, plib);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -3, path);  /* CLIBS[path] = plib */
+  lua_rawseti(L, -2, luaL_len(L, -2) + 1);  /* CLIBS[#CLIBS + 1] = plib */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop CLIBS table */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** __gc tag method for CLIBS table: calls 'lsys_unloadlib' for all lib
+** handles in list CLIBS
+*/
+static int gctm (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer n = luaL_len(L, 1);
+  for (; n >= 1; n--) {  /* for each handle, in reverse order */
+    lua_rawgeti(L, 1, n);  /* get handle CLIBS[n] */
+    lsys_unloadlib(lua_touserdata(L, -1));
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop handle */
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+/* error codes for 'lookforfunc' */
+#define ERRLIB		1
+#define ERRFUNC		2
+
+/*
+** Look for a C function named 'sym' in a dynamically loaded library
+** 'path'.
+** First, check whether the library is already loaded; if not, try
+** to load it.
+** Then, if 'sym' is '*', return true (as library has been loaded).
+** Otherwise, look for symbol 'sym' in the library and push a
+** C function with that symbol.
+** Return 0 and 'true' or a function in the stack; in case of
+** errors, return an error code and an error message in the stack.
+*/
+static int lookforfunc (lua_State *L, const char *path, const char *sym) {
+  void *reg = checkclib(L, path);  /* check loaded C libraries */
+  if (reg == NULL) {  /* must load library? */
+    reg = lsys_load(L, path, *sym == '*');  /* global symbols if 'sym'=='*' */
+    if (reg == NULL) return ERRLIB;  /* unable to load library */
+    addtoclib(L, path, reg);
+  }
+  if (*sym == '*') {  /* loading only library (no function)? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* return 'true' */
+    return 0;  /* no errors */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_CFunction f = lsys_sym(L, reg, sym);
+    if (f == NULL)
+      return ERRFUNC;  /* unable to find function */
+    lua_pushcfunction(L, f);  /* else create new function */
+    return 0;  /* no errors */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_loadlib (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *path = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *init = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+  int stat = lookforfunc(L, path, init);
+  if (l_likely(stat == 0))  /* no errors? */
+    return 1;  /* return the loaded function */
+  else {  /* error; error message is on stack top */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    lua_pushstring(L, (stat == ERRLIB) ?  LIB_FAIL : "init");
+    return 3;  /* return fail, error message, and where */
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** 'require' function
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+static int readable (const char *filename) {
+  FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");  /* try to open file */
+  if (f == NULL) return 0;  /* open failed */
+  fclose(f);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the next name in '*path' = 'name1;name2;name3;...', changing
+** the ending ';' to '\0' to create a zero-terminated string. Return
+** NULL when list ends.
+*/
+static const char *getnextfilename (char **path, char *end) {
+  char *sep;
+  char *name = *path;
+  if (name == end)
+    return NULL;  /* no more names */
+  else if (*name == '\0') {  /* from previous iteration? */
+    *name = *LUA_PATH_SEP;  /* restore separator */
+    name++;  /* skip it */
+  }
+  sep = strchr(name, *LUA_PATH_SEP);  /* find next separator */
+  if (sep == NULL)  /* separator not found? */
+    sep = end;  /* name goes until the end */
+  *sep = '\0';  /* finish file name */
+  *path = sep;  /* will start next search from here */
+  return name;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Given a path such as ";blabla.so;blublu.so", pushes the string
+**
+** no file 'blabla.so'
+**	no file 'blublu.so'
+*/
+static void pusherrornotfound (lua_State *L, const char *path) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "no file '");
+  luaL_addgsub(&b, path, LUA_PATH_SEP, "'\n\tno file '");
+  luaL_addstring(&b, "'");
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+}
+
+
+static const char *searchpath (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+                                             const char *path,
+                                             const char *sep,
+                                             const char *dirsep) {
+  luaL_Buffer buff;
+  char *pathname;  /* path with name inserted */
+  char *endpathname;  /* its end */
+  const char *filename;
+  /* separator is non-empty and appears in 'name'? */
+  if (*sep != '\0' && strchr(name, *sep) != NULL)
+    name = luaL_gsub(L, name, sep, dirsep);  /* replace it by 'dirsep' */
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &buff);
+  /* add path to the buffer, replacing marks ('?') with the file name */
+  luaL_addgsub(&buff, path, LUA_PATH_MARK, name);
+  luaL_addchar(&buff, '\0');
+  pathname = luaL_buffaddr(&buff);  /* writable list of file names */
+  endpathname = pathname + luaL_bufflen(&buff) - 1;
+  while ((filename = getnextfilename(&pathname, endpathname)) != NULL) {
+    if (readable(filename))  /* does file exist and is readable? */
+      return lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* save and return name */
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&buff);  /* push path to create error message */
+  pusherrornotfound(L, lua_tostring(L, -1));  /* create error message */
+  return NULL;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int ll_searchpath (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *f = searchpath(L, luaL_checkstring(L, 1),
+                                luaL_checkstring(L, 2),
+                                luaL_optstring(L, 3, "."),
+                                luaL_optstring(L, 4, LUA_DIRSEP));
+  if (f != NULL) return 1;
+  else {  /* error message is on top of the stack */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+    lua_insert(L, -2);
+    return 2;  /* return fail + error message */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *findfile (lua_State *L, const char *name,
+                                           const char *pname,
+                                           const char *dirsep) {
+  const char *path;
+  lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), pname);
+  path = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+  if (l_unlikely(path == NULL))
+    luaL_error(L, "'package.%s' must be a string", pname);
+  return searchpath(L, name, path, ".", dirsep);
+}
+
+
+static int checkload (lua_State *L, int stat, const char *filename) {
+  if (l_likely(stat)) {  /* module loaded successfully? */
+    lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* will be 2nd argument to module */
+    return 2;  /* return open function and file name */
+  }
+  else
+    return luaL_error(L, "error loading module '%s' from file '%s':\n\t%s",
+                          lua_tostring(L, 1), filename, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_Lua (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename;
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  filename = findfile(L, name, "path", LUA_LSUBSEP);
+  if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* module not found in this path */
+  return checkload(L, (luaL_loadfile(L, filename) == LUA_OK), filename);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a load function for module 'modname' at file 'filename'.
+** First, change '.' to '_' in 'modname'; then, if 'modname' has
+** the form X-Y (that is, it has an "ignore mark"), build a function
+** name "luaopen_X" and look for it. (For compatibility, if that
+** fails, it also tries "luaopen_Y".) If there is no ignore mark,
+** look for a function named "luaopen_modname".
+*/
+static int loadfunc (lua_State *L, const char *filename, const char *modname) {
+  const char *openfunc;
+  const char *mark;
+  modname = luaL_gsub(L, modname, ".", LUA_OFSEP);
+  mark = strchr(modname, *LUA_IGMARK);
+  if (mark) {
+    int stat;
+    openfunc = lua_pushlstring(L, modname, mark - modname);
+    openfunc = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", openfunc);
+    stat = lookforfunc(L, filename, openfunc);
+    if (stat != ERRFUNC) return stat;
+    modname = mark + 1;  /* else go ahead and try old-style name */
+  }
+  openfunc = lua_pushfstring(L, LUA_POF"%s", modname);
+  return lookforfunc(L, filename, openfunc);
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_C (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *filename = findfile(L, name, "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
+  if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* module not found in this path */
+  return checkload(L, (loadfunc(L, filename, name) == 0), filename);
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_Croot (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename;
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *p = strchr(name, '.');
+  int stat;
+  if (p == NULL) return 0;  /* is root */
+  lua_pushlstring(L, name, p - name);
+  filename = findfile(L, lua_tostring(L, -1), "cpath", LUA_CSUBSEP);
+  if (filename == NULL) return 1;  /* root not found */
+  if ((stat = loadfunc(L, filename, name)) != 0) {
+    if (stat != ERRFUNC)
+      return checkload(L, 0, filename);  /* real error */
+    else {  /* open function not found */
+      lua_pushfstring(L, "no module '%s' in file '%s'", name, filename);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  lua_pushstring(L, filename);  /* will be 2nd argument to module */
+  return 2;
+}
+
+
+static int searcher_preload (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+  if (lua_getfield(L, -1, name) == LUA_TNIL) {  /* not found? */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "no field package.preload['%s']", name);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_pushliteral(L, ":preload:");
+    return 2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void findloader (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  int i;
+  luaL_Buffer msg;  /* to build error message */
+  /* push 'package.searchers' to index 3 in the stack */
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_getfield(L, lua_upvalueindex(1), "searchers")
+                 != LUA_TTABLE))
+    luaL_error(L, "'package.searchers' must be a table");
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &msg);
+  /*  iterate over available searchers to find a loader */
+  for (i = 1; ; i++) {
+    luaL_addstring(&msg, "\n\t");  /* error-message prefix */
+    if (l_unlikely(lua_rawgeti(L, 3, i) == LUA_TNIL)) {  /* no more searchers? */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove nil */
+      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove prefix */
+      luaL_pushresult(&msg);  /* create error message */
+      luaL_error(L, "module '%s' not found:%s", name, lua_tostring(L, -1));
+    }
+    lua_pushstring(L, name);
+    lua_call(L, 1, 2);  /* call it */
+    if (lua_isfunction(L, -2))  /* did it find a loader? */
+      return;  /* module loader found */
+    else if (lua_isstring(L, -2)) {  /* searcher returned error message? */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove extra return */
+      luaL_addvalue(&msg);  /* concatenate error message */
+    }
+    else {  /* no error message */
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both returns */
+      luaL_buffsub(&msg, 2);  /* remove prefix */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int ll_require (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* LOADED table will be at index 2 */
+  lua_getfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  lua_getfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] */
+  if (lua_toboolean(L, -1))  /* is it there? */
+    return 1;  /* package is already loaded */
+  /* else must load package */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove 'getfield' result */
+  findloader(L, name);
+  lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* function <-> loader data */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* name is 1st argument to module loader */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -3);  /* loader data is 2nd argument */
+  /* stack: ...; loader data; loader function; mod. name; loader data */
+  lua_call(L, 2, 1);  /* run loader to load module */
+  /* stack: ...; loader data; result from loader */
+  if (!lua_isnil(L, -1))  /* non-nil return? */
+    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] = returned value */
+  else
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop nil */
+  if (lua_getfield(L, 2, name) == LUA_TNIL) {   /* module set no value? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* use true as result */
+    lua_copy(L, -1, -2);  /* replace loader result */
+    lua_setfield(L, 2, name);  /* LOADED[name] = true */
+  }
+  lua_rotate(L, -2, 1);  /* loader data <-> module result  */
+  return 2;  /* return module result and loader data */
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg pk_funcs[] = {
+  {"loadlib", ll_loadlib},
+  {"searchpath", ll_searchpath},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"preload", NULL},
+  {"cpath", NULL},
+  {"path", NULL},
+  {"searchers", NULL},
+  {"loaded", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg ll_funcs[] = {
+  {"require", ll_require},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createsearcherstable (lua_State *L) {
+  static const lua_CFunction searchers[] =
+    {searcher_preload, searcher_Lua, searcher_C, searcher_Croot, NULL};
+  int i;
+  /* create 'searchers' table */
+  lua_createtable(L, sizeof(searchers)/sizeof(searchers[0]) - 1, 0);
+  /* fill it with predefined searchers */
+  for (i=0; searchers[i] != NULL; i++) {
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* set 'package' as upvalue for all searchers */
+    lua_pushcclosure(L, searchers[i], 1);
+    lua_rawseti(L, -2, i+1);
+  }
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "searchers");  /* put it in field 'searchers' */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create table CLIBS to keep track of loaded C libraries,
+** setting a finalizer to close all libraries when closing state.
+*/
+static void createclibstable (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, CLIBS);  /* create CLIBS table */
+  lua_createtable(L, 0, 1);  /* create metatable for CLIBS */
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, gctm);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__gc");  /* set finalizer for CLIBS table */
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);
+}
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_package (lua_State *L) {
+  createclibstable(L);
+  luaL_newlib(L, pk_funcs);  /* create 'package' table */
+  createsearcherstable(L);
+  /* set paths */
+  setpath(L, "path", LUA_PATH_VAR, LUA_PATH_DEFAULT);
+  setpath(L, "cpath", LUA_CPATH_VAR, LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT);
+  /* store config information */
+  lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_DIRSEP "\n" LUA_PATH_SEP "\n" LUA_PATH_MARK "\n"
+                     LUA_EXEC_DIR "\n" LUA_IGMARK "\n");
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "config");
+  /* set field 'loaded' */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_LOADED_TABLE);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "loaded");
+  /* set field 'preload' */
+  luaL_getsubtable(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_PRELOAD_TABLE);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "preload");
+  lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* set 'package' as upvalue for next lib */
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, ll_funcs, 1);  /* open lib into global table */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop global table */
+  return 1;  /* return 'package' table */
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lobject.c b/external/lua/src/lobject.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e504be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lobject.c
@@ -0,0 +1,592 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.c $
+** Some generic functions over Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lobject_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lctype.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Computes ceil(log2(x))
+*/
+int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x) {
+  static const lu_byte log_2[256] = {  /* log_2[i] = ceil(log2(i - 1)) */
+    0,1,2,2,3,3,3,3,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,
+    6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+    7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+    8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8
+  };
+  int l = 0;
+  x--;
+  while (x >= 256) { l += 8; x >>= 8; }
+  return l + log_2[x];
+}
+
+
+static lua_Integer intarith (lua_State *L, int op, lua_Integer v1,
+                                                   lua_Integer v2) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPADD: return intop(+, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSUB:return intop(-, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMUL:return intop(*, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMOD: return luaV_mod(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPIDIV: return luaV_idiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBAND: return intop(&, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBOR: return intop(|, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPBXOR: return intop(^, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSHL: return luaV_shiftl(v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSHR: return luaV_shiftl(v1, -v2);
+    case LUA_OPUNM: return intop(-, 0, v1);
+    case LUA_OPBNOT: return intop(^, ~l_castS2U(0), v1);
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static lua_Number numarith (lua_State *L, int op, lua_Number v1,
+                                                  lua_Number v2) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPADD: return luai_numadd(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPSUB: return luai_numsub(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPMUL: return luai_nummul(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPDIV: return luai_numdiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPPOW: return luai_numpow(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPIDIV: return luai_numidiv(L, v1, v2);
+    case LUA_OPUNM: return luai_numunm(L, v1);
+    case LUA_OPMOD: return luaV_modf(L, v1, v2);
+    default: lua_assert(0); return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_rawarith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                   TValue *res) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case LUA_OPBAND: case LUA_OPBOR: case LUA_OPBXOR:
+    case LUA_OPSHL: case LUA_OPSHR:
+    case LUA_OPBNOT: {  /* operate only on integers */
+      lua_Integer i1; lua_Integer i2;
+      if (tointegerns(p1, &i1) && tointegerns(p2, &i2)) {
+        setivalue(res, intarith(L, op, i1, i2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+    case LUA_OPDIV: case LUA_OPPOW: {  /* operate only on floats */
+      lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;
+      if (tonumberns(p1, n1) && tonumberns(p2, n2)) {
+        setfltvalue(res, numarith(L, op, n1, n2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+    default: {  /* other operations */
+      lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;
+      if (ttisinteger(p1) && ttisinteger(p2)) {
+        setivalue(res, intarith(L, op, ivalue(p1), ivalue(p2)));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else if (tonumberns(p1, n1) && tonumberns(p2, n2)) {
+        setfltvalue(res, numarith(L, op, n1, n2));
+        return 1;
+      }
+      else return 0;  /* fail */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaO_arith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                 StkId res) {
+  if (!luaO_rawarith(L, op, p1, p2, s2v(res))) {
+    /* could not perform raw operation; try metamethod */
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p1, p2, res, cast(TMS, (op - LUA_OPADD) + TM_ADD));
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaO_hexavalue (int c) {
+  if (lisdigit(c)) return c - '0';
+  else return (ltolower(c) - 'a') + 10;
+}
+
+
+static int isneg (const char **s) {
+  if (**s == '-') { (*s)++; return 1; }
+  else if (**s == '+') (*s)++;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Lua's implementation for 'lua_strx2number'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lua_strx2number)
+
+/* maximum number of significant digits to read (to avoid overflows
+   even with single floats) */
+#define MAXSIGDIG	30
+
+/*
+** convert a hexadecimal numeric string to a number, following
+** C99 specification for 'strtod'
+*/
+static lua_Number lua_strx2number (const char *s, char **endptr) {
+  int dot = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+  lua_Number r = 0.0;  /* result (accumulator) */
+  int sigdig = 0;  /* number of significant digits */
+  int nosigdig = 0;  /* number of non-significant digits */
+  int e = 0;  /* exponent correction */
+  int neg;  /* 1 if number is negative */
+  int hasdot = 0;  /* true after seen a dot */
+  *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* nothing is valid yet */
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip initial spaces */
+  neg = isneg(&s);  /* check sign */
+  if (!(*s == '0' && (*(s + 1) == 'x' || *(s + 1) == 'X')))  /* check '0x' */
+    return 0.0;  /* invalid format (no '0x') */
+  for (s += 2; ; s++) {  /* skip '0x' and read numeral */
+    if (*s == dot) {
+      if (hasdot) break;  /* second dot? stop loop */
+      else hasdot = 1;
+    }
+    else if (lisxdigit(cast_uchar(*s))) {
+      if (sigdig == 0 && *s == '0')  /* non-significant digit (zero)? */
+        nosigdig++;
+      else if (++sigdig <= MAXSIGDIG)  /* can read it without overflow? */
+          r = (r * cast_num(16.0)) + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
+      else e++; /* too many digits; ignore, but still count for exponent */
+      if (hasdot) e--;  /* decimal digit? correct exponent */
+    }
+    else break;  /* neither a dot nor a digit */
+  }
+  if (nosigdig + sigdig == 0)  /* no digits? */
+    return 0.0;  /* invalid format */
+  *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* valid up to here */
+  e *= 4;  /* each digit multiplies/divides value by 2^4 */
+  if (*s == 'p' || *s == 'P') {  /* exponent part? */
+    int exp1 = 0;  /* exponent value */
+    int neg1;  /* exponent sign */
+    s++;  /* skip 'p' */
+    neg1 = isneg(&s);  /* sign */
+    if (!lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))
+      return 0.0;  /* invalid; must have at least one digit */
+    while (lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)))  /* read exponent */
+      exp1 = exp1 * 10 + *(s++) - '0';
+    if (neg1) exp1 = -exp1;
+    e += exp1;
+    *endptr = cast_charp(s);  /* valid up to here */
+  }
+  if (neg) r = -r;
+  return l_mathop(ldexp)(r, e);
+}
+
+#endif
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/* maximum length of a numeral to be converted to a number */
+#if !defined (L_MAXLENNUM)
+#define L_MAXLENNUM	200
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Convert string 's' to a Lua number (put in 'result'). Return NULL on
+** fail or the address of the ending '\0' on success. ('mode' == 'x')
+** means a hexadecimal numeral.
+*/
+static const char *l_str2dloc (const char *s, lua_Number *result, int mode) {
+  char *endptr;
+  *result = (mode == 'x') ? lua_strx2number(s, &endptr)  /* try to convert */
+                          : lua_str2number(s, &endptr);
+  if (endptr == s) return NULL;  /* nothing recognized? */
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*endptr))) endptr++;  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  return (*endptr == '\0') ? endptr : NULL;  /* OK iff no trailing chars */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert string 's' to a Lua number (put in 'result') handling the
+** current locale.
+** This function accepts both the current locale or a dot as the radix
+** mark. If the conversion fails, it may mean number has a dot but
+** locale accepts something else. In that case, the code copies 's'
+** to a buffer (because 's' is read-only), changes the dot to the
+** current locale radix mark, and tries to convert again.
+** The variable 'mode' checks for special characters in the string:
+** - 'n' means 'inf' or 'nan' (which should be rejected)
+** - 'x' means a hexadecimal numeral
+** - '.' just optimizes the search for the common case (no special chars)
+*/
+static const char *l_str2d (const char *s, lua_Number *result) {
+  const char *endptr;
+  const char *pmode = strpbrk(s, ".xXnN");  /* look for special chars */
+  int mode = pmode ? ltolower(cast_uchar(*pmode)) : 0;
+  if (mode == 'n')  /* reject 'inf' and 'nan' */
+    return NULL;
+  endptr = l_str2dloc(s, result, mode);  /* try to convert */
+  if (endptr == NULL) {  /* failed? may be a different locale */
+    char buff[L_MAXLENNUM + 1];
+    const char *pdot = strchr(s, '.');
+    if (pdot == NULL || strlen(s) > L_MAXLENNUM)
+      return NULL;  /* string too long or no dot; fail */
+    strcpy(buff, s);  /* copy string to buffer */
+    buff[pdot - s] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* correct decimal point */
+    endptr = l_str2dloc(buff, result, mode);  /* try again */
+    if (endptr != NULL)
+      endptr = s + (endptr - buff);  /* make relative to 's' */
+  }
+  return endptr;
+}
+
+
+#define MAXBY10		cast(lua_Unsigned, LUA_MAXINTEGER / 10)
+#define MAXLASTD	cast_int(LUA_MAXINTEGER % 10)
+
+static const char *l_str2int (const char *s, lua_Integer *result) {
+  lua_Unsigned a = 0;
+  int empty = 1;
+  int neg;
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip initial spaces */
+  neg = isneg(&s);
+  if (s[0] == '0' &&
+      (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X')) {  /* hex? */
+    s += 2;  /* skip '0x' */
+    for (; lisxdigit(cast_uchar(*s)); s++) {
+      a = a * 16 + luaO_hexavalue(*s);
+      empty = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* decimal */
+    for (; lisdigit(cast_uchar(*s)); s++) {
+      int d = *s - '0';
+      if (a >= MAXBY10 && (a > MAXBY10 || d > MAXLASTD + neg))  /* overflow? */
+        return NULL;  /* do not accept it (as integer) */
+      a = a * 10 + d;
+      empty = 0;
+    }
+  }
+  while (lisspace(cast_uchar(*s))) s++;  /* skip trailing spaces */
+  if (empty || *s != '\0') return NULL;  /* something wrong in the numeral */
+  else {
+    *result = l_castU2S((neg) ? 0u - a : a);
+    return s;
+  }
+}
+
+
+size_t luaO_str2num (const char *s, TValue *o) {
+  lua_Integer i; lua_Number n;
+  const char *e;
+  if ((e = l_str2int(s, &i)) != NULL) {  /* try as an integer */
+    setivalue(o, i);
+  }
+  else if ((e = l_str2d(s, &n)) != NULL) {  /* else try as a float */
+    setfltvalue(o, n);
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;  /* conversion failed */
+  return (e - s) + 1;  /* success; return string size */
+}
+
+
+int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, unsigned long x) {
+  int n = 1;  /* number of bytes put in buffer (backwards) */
+  lua_assert(x <= 0x7FFFFFFFu);
+  if (x < 0x80)  /* ascii? */
+    buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - 1] = cast_char(x);
+  else {  /* need continuation bytes */
+    unsigned int mfb = 0x3f;  /* maximum that fits in first byte */
+    do {  /* add continuation bytes */
+      buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - (n++)] = cast_char(0x80 | (x & 0x3f));
+      x >>= 6;  /* remove added bits */
+      mfb >>= 1;  /* now there is one less bit available in first byte */
+    } while (x > mfb);  /* still needs continuation byte? */
+    buff[UTF8BUFFSZ - n] = cast_char((~mfb << 1) | x);  /* add first byte */
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum length of the conversion of a number to a string. Must be
+** enough to accommodate both LUA_INTEGER_FMT and LUA_NUMBER_FMT.
+** (For a long long int, this is 19 digits plus a sign and a final '\0',
+** adding to 21. For a long double, it can go to a sign, 33 digits,
+** the dot, an exponent letter, an exponent sign, 5 exponent digits,
+** and a final '\0', adding to 43.)
+*/
+#define MAXNUMBER2STR	44
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a number object to a string, adding it to a buffer
+*/
+static int tostringbuff (TValue *obj, char *buff) {
+  int len;
+  lua_assert(ttisnumber(obj));
+  if (ttisinteger(obj))
+    len = lua_integer2str(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR, ivalue(obj));
+  else {
+    len = lua_number2str(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR, fltvalue(obj));
+    if (buff[strspn(buff, "-0123456789")] == '\0') {  /* looks like an int? */
+      buff[len++] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();
+      buff[len++] = '0';  /* adds '.0' to result */
+    }
+  }
+  return len;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert a number object to a Lua string, replacing the value at 'obj'
+*/
+void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj) {
+  char buff[MAXNUMBER2STR];
+  int len = tostringbuff(obj, buff);
+  setsvalue(L, obj, luaS_newlstr(L, buff, len));
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** 'luaO_pushvfstring'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* size for buffer space used by 'luaO_pushvfstring' */
+#define BUFVFS		200
+
+/* buffer used by 'luaO_pushvfstring' */
+typedef struct BuffFS {
+  lua_State *L;
+  int pushed;  /* number of string pieces already on the stack */
+  int blen;  /* length of partial string in 'space' */
+  char space[BUFVFS];  /* holds last part of the result */
+} BuffFS;
+
+
+/*
+** Push given string to the stack, as part of the buffer, and
+** join the partial strings in the stack into one.
+*/
+static void pushstr (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  lua_State *L = buff->L;
+  setsvalue2s(L, L->top, luaS_newlstr(L, str, l));
+  L->top++;  /* may use one extra slot */
+  buff->pushed++;
+  luaV_concat(L, buff->pushed);  /* join partial results into one */
+  buff->pushed = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** empty the buffer space into the stack
+*/
+static void clearbuff (BuffFS *buff) {
+  pushstr(buff, buff->space, buff->blen);  /* push buffer contents */
+  buff->blen = 0;  /* space now is empty */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get a space of size 'sz' in the buffer. If buffer has not enough
+** space, empty it. 'sz' must fit in an empty buffer.
+*/
+static char *getbuff (BuffFS *buff, int sz) {
+  lua_assert(buff->blen <= BUFVFS); lua_assert(sz <= BUFVFS);
+  if (sz > BUFVFS - buff->blen)  /* not enough space? */
+    clearbuff(buff);
+  return buff->space + buff->blen;
+}
+
+
+#define addsize(b,sz)	((b)->blen += (sz))
+
+
+/*
+** Add 'str' to the buffer. If string is larger than the buffer space,
+** push the string directly to the stack.
+*/
+static void addstr2buff (BuffFS *buff, const char *str, size_t slen) {
+  if (slen <= BUFVFS) {  /* does string fit into buffer? */
+    char *bf = getbuff(buff, cast_int(slen));
+    memcpy(bf, str, slen);  /* add string to buffer */
+    addsize(buff, cast_int(slen));
+  }
+  else {  /* string larger than buffer */
+    clearbuff(buff);  /* string comes after buffer's content */
+    pushstr(buff, str, slen);  /* push string */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add a number to the buffer.
+*/
+static void addnum2buff (BuffFS *buff, TValue *num) {
+  char *numbuff = getbuff(buff, MAXNUMBER2STR);
+  int len = tostringbuff(num, numbuff);  /* format number into 'numbuff' */
+  addsize(buff, len);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** this function handles only '%d', '%c', '%f', '%p', '%s', and '%%'
+   conventional formats, plus Lua-specific '%I' and '%U'
+*/
+const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, va_list argp) {
+  BuffFS buff;  /* holds last part of the result */
+  const char *e;  /* points to next '%' */
+  buff.pushed = buff.blen = 0;
+  buff.L = L;
+  while ((e = strchr(fmt, '%')) != NULL) {
+    addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, e - fmt);  /* add 'fmt' up to '%' */
+    switch (*(e + 1)) {  /* conversion specifier */
+      case 's': {  /* zero-terminated string */
+        const char *s = va_arg(argp, char *);
+        if (s == NULL) s = "(null)";
+        addstr2buff(&buff, s, strlen(s));
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'c': {  /* an 'int' as a character */
+        char c = cast_uchar(va_arg(argp, int));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, &c, sizeof(char));
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'd': {  /* an 'int' */
+        TValue num;
+        setivalue(&num, va_arg(argp, int));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'I': {  /* a 'lua_Integer' */
+        TValue num;
+        setivalue(&num, cast(lua_Integer, va_arg(argp, l_uacInt)));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'f': {  /* a 'lua_Number' */
+        TValue num;
+        setfltvalue(&num, cast_num(va_arg(argp, l_uacNumber)));
+        addnum2buff(&buff, &num);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'p': {  /* a pointer */
+        const int sz = 3 * sizeof(void*) + 8; /* enough space for '%p' */
+        char *bf = getbuff(&buff, sz);
+        void *p = va_arg(argp, void *);
+        int len = lua_pointer2str(bf, sz, p);
+        addsize(&buff, len);
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'U': {  /* a 'long' as a UTF-8 sequence */
+        char bf[UTF8BUFFSZ];
+        int len = luaO_utf8esc(bf, va_arg(argp, long));
+        addstr2buff(&buff, bf + UTF8BUFFSZ - len, len);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '%': {
+        addstr2buff(&buff, "%", 1);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: {
+        luaG_runerror(L, "invalid option '%%%c' to 'lua_pushfstring'",
+                         *(e + 1));
+      }
+    }
+    fmt = e + 2;  /* skip '%' and the specifier */
+  }
+  addstr2buff(&buff, fmt, strlen(fmt));  /* rest of 'fmt' */
+  clearbuff(&buff);  /* empty buffer into the stack */
+  lua_assert(buff.pushed == 1);
+  return svalue(s2v(L->top - 1));
+}
+
+
+const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...) {
+  const char *msg;
+  va_list argp;
+  va_start(argp, fmt);
+  msg = luaO_pushvfstring(L, fmt, argp);
+  va_end(argp);
+  return msg;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+#define RETS	"..."
+#define PRE	"[string \""
+#define POS	"\"]"
+
+#define addstr(a,b,l)	( memcpy(a,b,(l) * sizeof(char)), a += (l) )
+
+void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t srclen) {
+  size_t bufflen = LUA_IDSIZE;  /* free space in buffer */
+  if (*source == '=') {  /* 'literal' source */
+    if (srclen <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
+      memcpy(out, source + 1, srclen * sizeof(char));
+    else {  /* truncate it */
+      addstr(out, source + 1, bufflen - 1);
+      *out = '\0';
+    }
+  }
+  else if (*source == '@') {  /* file name */
+    if (srclen <= bufflen)  /* small enough? */
+      memcpy(out, source + 1, srclen * sizeof(char));
+    else {  /* add '...' before rest of name */
+      addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+      bufflen -= LL(RETS);
+      memcpy(out, source + 1 + srclen - bufflen, bufflen * sizeof(char));
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* string; format as [string "source"] */
+    const char *nl = strchr(source, '\n');  /* find first new line (if any) */
+    addstr(out, PRE, LL(PRE));  /* add prefix */
+    bufflen -= LL(PRE RETS POS) + 1;  /* save space for prefix+suffix+'\0' */
+    if (srclen < bufflen && nl == NULL) {  /* small one-line source? */
+      addstr(out, source, srclen);  /* keep it */
+    }
+    else {
+      if (nl != NULL) srclen = nl - source;  /* stop at first newline */
+      if (srclen > bufflen) srclen = bufflen;
+      addstr(out, source, srclen);
+      addstr(out, RETS, LL(RETS));
+    }
+    memcpy(out, POS, (LL(POS) + 1) * sizeof(char));
+  }
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lobject.h b/external/lua/src/lobject.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..950bebb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lobject.h
@@ -0,0 +1,800 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lobject.h $
+** Type definitions for Lua objects
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lobject_h
+#define lobject_h
+
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Extra types for collectable non-values
+*/
+#define LUA_TUPVAL	LUA_NUMTYPES  /* upvalues */
+#define LUA_TPROTO	(LUA_NUMTYPES+1)  /* function prototypes */
+#define LUA_TDEADKEY	(LUA_NUMTYPES+2)  /* removed keys in tables */
+
+
+
+/*
+** number of all possible types (including LUA_TNONE but excluding DEADKEY)
+*/
+#define LUA_TOTALTYPES		(LUA_TPROTO + 2)
+
+
+/*
+** tags for Tagged Values have the following use of bits:
+** bits 0-3: actual tag (a LUA_T* constant)
+** bits 4-5: variant bits
+** bit 6: whether value is collectable
+*/
+
+/* add variant bits to a type */
+#define makevariant(t,v)	((t) | ((v) << 4))
+
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all Lua values
+*/
+typedef union Value {
+  struct GCObject *gc;    /* collectable objects */
+  void *p;         /* light userdata */
+  lua_CFunction f; /* light C functions */
+  lua_Integer i;   /* integer numbers */
+  lua_Number n;    /* float numbers */
+} Value;
+
+
+/*
+** Tagged Values. This is the basic representation of values in Lua:
+** an actual value plus a tag with its type.
+*/
+
+#define TValuefields	Value value_; lu_byte tt_
+
+typedef struct TValue {
+  TValuefields;
+} TValue;
+
+
+#define val_(o)		((o)->value_)
+#define valraw(o)	(&val_(o))
+
+
+/* raw type tag of a TValue */
+#define rawtt(o)	((o)->tt_)
+
+/* tag with no variants (bits 0-3) */
+#define novariant(t)	((t) & 0x0F)
+
+/* type tag of a TValue (bits 0-3 for tags + variant bits 4-5) */
+#define withvariant(t)	((t) & 0x3F)
+#define ttypetag(o)	withvariant(rawtt(o))
+
+/* type of a TValue */
+#define ttype(o)	(novariant(rawtt(o)))
+
+
+/* Macros to test type */
+#define checktag(o,t)		(rawtt(o) == (t))
+#define checktype(o,t)		(ttype(o) == (t))
+
+
+/* Macros for internal tests */
+
+/* collectable object has the same tag as the original value */
+#define righttt(obj)		(ttypetag(obj) == gcvalue(obj)->tt)
+
+/*
+** Any value being manipulated by the program either is non
+** collectable, or the collectable object has the right tag
+** and it is not dead. The option 'L == NULL' allows other
+** macros using this one to be used where L is not available.
+*/
+#define checkliveness(L,obj) \
+	((void)L, lua_longassert(!iscollectable(obj) || \
+		(righttt(obj) && (L == NULL || !isdead(G(L),gcvalue(obj))))))
+
+
+/* Macros to set values */
+
+/* set a value's tag */
+#define settt_(o,t)	((o)->tt_=(t))
+
+
+/* main macro to copy values (from 'obj1' to 'obj2') */
+#define setobj(L,obj1,obj2) \
+	{ TValue *io1=(obj1); const TValue *io2=(obj2); \
+          io1->value_ = io2->value_; settt_(io1, io2->tt_); \
+	  checkliveness(L,io1); lua_assert(!isnonstrictnil(io1)); }
+
+/*
+** Different types of assignments, according to source and destination.
+** (They are mostly equal now, but may be different in the future.)
+*/
+
+/* from stack to stack */
+#define setobjs2s(L,o1,o2)	setobj(L,s2v(o1),s2v(o2))
+/* to stack (not from same stack) */
+#define setobj2s(L,o1,o2)	setobj(L,s2v(o1),o2)
+/* from table to same table */
+#define setobjt2t	setobj
+/* to new object */
+#define setobj2n	setobj
+/* to table */
+#define setobj2t	setobj
+
+
+/*
+** Entries in a Lua stack. Field 'tbclist' forms a list of all
+** to-be-closed variables active in this stack. Dummy entries are
+** used when the distance between two tbc variables does not fit
+** in an unsigned short. They are represented by delta==0, and
+** their real delta is always the maximum value that fits in
+** that field.
+*/
+typedef union StackValue {
+  TValue val;
+  struct {
+    TValuefields;
+    unsigned short delta;
+  } tbclist;
+} StackValue;
+
+
+/* index to stack elements */
+typedef StackValue *StkId;
+
+/* convert a 'StackValue' to a 'TValue' */
+#define s2v(o)	(&(o)->val)
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Nil
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* Standard nil */
+#define LUA_VNIL	makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 0)
+
+/* Empty slot (which might be different from a slot containing nil) */
+#define LUA_VEMPTY	makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 1)
+
+/* Value returned for a key not found in a table (absent key) */
+#define LUA_VABSTKEY	makevariant(LUA_TNIL, 2)
+
+
+/* macro to test for (any kind of) nil */
+#define ttisnil(v)		checktype((v), LUA_TNIL)
+
+
+/* macro to test for a standard nil */
+#define ttisstrictnil(o)	checktag((o), LUA_VNIL)
+
+
+#define setnilvalue(obj) settt_(obj, LUA_VNIL)
+
+
+#define isabstkey(v)		checktag((v), LUA_VABSTKEY)
+
+
+/*
+** macro to detect non-standard nils (used only in assertions)
+*/
+#define isnonstrictnil(v)	(ttisnil(v) && !ttisstrictnil(v))
+
+
+/*
+** By default, entries with any kind of nil are considered empty.
+** (In any definition, values associated with absent keys must also
+** be accepted as empty.)
+*/
+#define isempty(v)		ttisnil(v)
+
+
+/* macro defining a value corresponding to an absent key */
+#define ABSTKEYCONSTANT		{NULL}, LUA_VABSTKEY
+
+
+/* mark an entry as empty */
+#define setempty(v)		settt_(v, LUA_VEMPTY)
+
+
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Booleans
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define LUA_VFALSE	makevariant(LUA_TBOOLEAN, 0)
+#define LUA_VTRUE	makevariant(LUA_TBOOLEAN, 1)
+
+#define ttisboolean(o)		checktype((o), LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define ttisfalse(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VFALSE)
+#define ttistrue(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VTRUE)
+
+
+#define l_isfalse(o)	(ttisfalse(o) || ttisnil(o))
+
+
+#define setbfvalue(obj)		settt_(obj, LUA_VFALSE)
+#define setbtvalue(obj)		settt_(obj, LUA_VTRUE)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Threads
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VTHREAD		makevariant(LUA_TTHREAD, 0)
+
+#define ttisthread(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VTHREAD))
+
+#define thvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisthread(o), gco2th(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define setthvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); lua_State *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VTHREAD)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+#define setthvalue2s(L,o,t)	setthvalue(L,s2v(o),t)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Collectable Objects
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Common Header for all collectable objects (in macro form, to be
+** included in other objects)
+*/
+#define CommonHeader	struct GCObject *next; lu_byte tt; lu_byte marked
+
+
+/* Common type for all collectable objects */
+typedef struct GCObject {
+  CommonHeader;
+} GCObject;
+
+
+/* Bit mark for collectable types */
+#define BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE	(1 << 6)
+
+#define iscollectable(o)	(rawtt(o) & BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+/* mark a tag as collectable */
+#define ctb(t)			((t) | BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+#define gcvalue(o)	check_exp(iscollectable(o), val_(o).gc)
+
+#define gcvalueraw(v)	((v).gc)
+
+#define setgcovalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); GCObject *i_g=(x); \
+    val_(io).gc = i_g; settt_(io, ctb(i_g->tt)); }
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Numbers
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* Variant tags for numbers */
+#define LUA_VNUMINT	makevariant(LUA_TNUMBER, 0)  /* integer numbers */
+#define LUA_VNUMFLT	makevariant(LUA_TNUMBER, 1)  /* float numbers */
+
+#define ttisnumber(o)		checktype((o), LUA_TNUMBER)
+#define ttisfloat(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VNUMFLT)
+#define ttisinteger(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VNUMINT)
+
+#define nvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisnumber(o), \
+	(ttisinteger(o) ? cast_num(ivalue(o)) : fltvalue(o)))
+#define fltvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisfloat(o), val_(o).n)
+#define ivalue(o)	check_exp(ttisinteger(o), val_(o).i)
+
+#define fltvalueraw(v)	((v).n)
+#define ivalueraw(v)	((v).i)
+
+#define setfltvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).n=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VNUMFLT); }
+
+#define chgfltvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); lua_assert(ttisfloat(io)); val_(io).n=(x); }
+
+#define setivalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).i=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VNUMINT); }
+
+#define chgivalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); lua_assert(ttisinteger(io)); val_(io).i=(x); }
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Strings
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/* Variant tags for strings */
+#define LUA_VSHRSTR	makevariant(LUA_TSTRING, 0)  /* short strings */
+#define LUA_VLNGSTR	makevariant(LUA_TSTRING, 1)  /* long strings */
+
+#define ttisstring(o)		checktype((o), LUA_TSTRING)
+#define ttisshrstring(o)	checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VSHRSTR))
+#define ttislngstring(o)	checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VLNGSTR))
+
+#define tsvalueraw(v)	(gco2ts((v).gc))
+
+#define tsvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisstring(o), gco2ts(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define setsvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); TString *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(x_->tt)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+/* set a string to the stack */
+#define setsvalue2s(L,o,s)	setsvalue(L,s2v(o),s)
+
+/* set a string to a new object */
+#define setsvalue2n	setsvalue
+
+
+/*
+** Header for a string value.
+*/
+typedef struct TString {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte extra;  /* reserved words for short strings; "has hash" for longs */
+  lu_byte shrlen;  /* length for short strings */
+  unsigned int hash;
+  union {
+    size_t lnglen;  /* length for long strings */
+    struct TString *hnext;  /* linked list for hash table */
+  } u;
+  char contents[1];
+} TString;
+
+
+
+/*
+** Get the actual string (array of bytes) from a 'TString'.
+*/
+#define getstr(ts)  ((ts)->contents)
+
+
+/* get the actual string (array of bytes) from a Lua value */
+#define svalue(o)       getstr(tsvalue(o))
+
+/* get string length from 'TString *s' */
+#define tsslen(s)	((s)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR ? (s)->shrlen : (s)->u.lnglen)
+
+/* get string length from 'TValue *o' */
+#define vslen(o)	tsslen(tsvalue(o))
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Userdata
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Light userdata should be a variant of userdata, but for compatibility
+** reasons they are also different types.
+*/
+#define LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA	makevariant(LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA, 0)
+
+#define LUA_VUSERDATA		makevariant(LUA_TUSERDATA, 0)
+
+#define ttislightuserdata(o)	checktag((o), LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define ttisfulluserdata(o)	checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VUSERDATA))
+
+#define pvalue(o)	check_exp(ttislightuserdata(o), val_(o).p)
+#define uvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisfulluserdata(o), gco2u(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define pvalueraw(v)	((v).p)
+
+#define setpvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).p=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA); }
+
+#define setuvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); Udata *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VUSERDATA)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+
+/* Ensures that addresses after this type are always fully aligned. */
+typedef union UValue {
+  TValue uv;
+  LUAI_MAXALIGN;  /* ensures maximum alignment for udata bytes */
+} UValue;
+
+
+/*
+** Header for userdata with user values;
+** memory area follows the end of this structure.
+*/
+typedef struct Udata {
+  CommonHeader;
+  unsigned short nuvalue;  /* number of user values */
+  size_t len;  /* number of bytes */
+  struct Table *metatable;
+  GCObject *gclist;
+  UValue uv[1];  /* user values */
+} Udata;
+
+
+/*
+** Header for userdata with no user values. These userdata do not need
+** to be gray during GC, and therefore do not need a 'gclist' field.
+** To simplify, the code always use 'Udata' for both kinds of userdata,
+** making sure it never accesses 'gclist' on userdata with no user values.
+** This structure here is used only to compute the correct size for
+** this representation. (The 'bindata' field in its end ensures correct
+** alignment for binary data following this header.)
+*/
+typedef struct Udata0 {
+  CommonHeader;
+  unsigned short nuvalue;  /* number of user values */
+  size_t len;  /* number of bytes */
+  struct Table *metatable;
+  union {LUAI_MAXALIGN;} bindata;
+} Udata0;
+
+
+/* compute the offset of the memory area of a userdata */
+#define udatamemoffset(nuv) \
+	((nuv) == 0 ? offsetof(Udata0, bindata)  \
+                    : offsetof(Udata, uv) + (sizeof(UValue) * (nuv)))
+
+/* get the address of the memory block inside 'Udata' */
+#define getudatamem(u)	(cast_charp(u) + udatamemoffset((u)->nuvalue))
+
+/* compute the size of a userdata */
+#define sizeudata(nuv,nb)	(udatamemoffset(nuv) + (nb))
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Prototypes
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VPROTO	makevariant(LUA_TPROTO, 0)
+
+
+/*
+** Description of an upvalue for function prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Upvaldesc {
+  TString *name;  /* upvalue name (for debug information) */
+  lu_byte instack;  /* whether it is in stack (register) */
+  lu_byte idx;  /* index of upvalue (in stack or in outer function's list) */
+  lu_byte kind;  /* kind of corresponding variable */
+} Upvaldesc;
+
+
+/*
+** Description of a local variable for function prototypes
+** (used for debug information)
+*/
+typedef struct LocVar {
+  TString *varname;
+  int startpc;  /* first point where variable is active */
+  int endpc;    /* first point where variable is dead */
+} LocVar;
+
+
+/*
+** Associates the absolute line source for a given instruction ('pc').
+** The array 'lineinfo' gives, for each instruction, the difference in
+** lines from the previous instruction. When that difference does not
+** fit into a byte, Lua saves the absolute line for that instruction.
+** (Lua also saves the absolute line periodically, to speed up the
+** computation of a line number: we can use binary search in the
+** absolute-line array, but we must traverse the 'lineinfo' array
+** linearly to compute a line.)
+*/
+typedef struct AbsLineInfo {
+  int pc;
+  int line;
+} AbsLineInfo;
+
+/*
+** Function Prototypes
+*/
+typedef struct Proto {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte numparams;  /* number of fixed (named) parameters */
+  lu_byte is_vararg;
+  lu_byte maxstacksize;  /* number of registers needed by this function */
+  int sizeupvalues;  /* size of 'upvalues' */
+  int sizek;  /* size of 'k' */
+  int sizecode;
+  int sizelineinfo;
+  int sizep;  /* size of 'p' */
+  int sizelocvars;
+  int sizeabslineinfo;  /* size of 'abslineinfo' */
+  int linedefined;  /* debug information  */
+  int lastlinedefined;  /* debug information  */
+  TValue *k;  /* constants used by the function */
+  Instruction *code;  /* opcodes */
+  struct Proto **p;  /* functions defined inside the function */
+  Upvaldesc *upvalues;  /* upvalue information */
+  ls_byte *lineinfo;  /* information about source lines (debug information) */
+  AbsLineInfo *abslineinfo;  /* idem */
+  LocVar *locvars;  /* information about local variables (debug information) */
+  TString  *source;  /* used for debug information */
+  GCObject *gclist;
+} Proto;
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Functions
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VUPVAL	makevariant(LUA_TUPVAL, 0)
+
+
+/* Variant tags for functions */
+#define LUA_VLCL	makevariant(LUA_TFUNCTION, 0)  /* Lua closure */
+#define LUA_VLCF	makevariant(LUA_TFUNCTION, 1)  /* light C function */
+#define LUA_VCCL	makevariant(LUA_TFUNCTION, 2)  /* C closure */
+
+#define ttisfunction(o)		checktype(o, LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define ttisLclosure(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VLCL))
+#define ttislcf(o)		checktag((o), LUA_VLCF)
+#define ttisCclosure(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VCCL))
+#define ttisclosure(o)         (ttisLclosure(o) || ttisCclosure(o))
+
+
+#define isLfunction(o)	ttisLclosure(o)
+
+#define clvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisclosure(o), gco2cl(val_(o).gc))
+#define clLvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisLclosure(o), gco2lcl(val_(o).gc))
+#define fvalue(o)	check_exp(ttislcf(o), val_(o).f)
+#define clCvalue(o)	check_exp(ttisCclosure(o), gco2ccl(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define fvalueraw(v)	((v).f)
+
+#define setclLvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); LClosure *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VLCL)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+#define setclLvalue2s(L,o,cl)	setclLvalue(L,s2v(o),cl)
+
+#define setfvalue(obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io=(obj); val_(io).f=(x); settt_(io, LUA_VLCF); }
+
+#define setclCvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); CClosure *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VCCL)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+
+/*
+** Upvalues for Lua closures
+*/
+typedef struct UpVal {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte tbc;  /* true if it represents a to-be-closed variable */
+  TValue *v;  /* points to stack or to its own value */
+  union {
+    struct {  /* (when open) */
+      struct UpVal *next;  /* linked list */
+      struct UpVal **previous;
+    } open;
+    TValue value;  /* the value (when closed) */
+  } u;
+} UpVal;
+
+
+
+#define ClosureHeader \
+	CommonHeader; lu_byte nupvalues; GCObject *gclist
+
+typedef struct CClosure {
+  ClosureHeader;
+  lua_CFunction f;
+  TValue upvalue[1];  /* list of upvalues */
+} CClosure;
+
+
+typedef struct LClosure {
+  ClosureHeader;
+  struct Proto *p;
+  UpVal *upvals[1];  /* list of upvalues */
+} LClosure;
+
+
+typedef union Closure {
+  CClosure c;
+  LClosure l;
+} Closure;
+
+
+#define getproto(o)	(clLvalue(o)->p)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Tables
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VTABLE	makevariant(LUA_TTABLE, 0)
+
+#define ttistable(o)		checktag((o), ctb(LUA_VTABLE))
+
+#define hvalue(o)	check_exp(ttistable(o), gco2t(val_(o).gc))
+
+#define sethvalue(L,obj,x) \
+  { TValue *io = (obj); Table *x_ = (x); \
+    val_(io).gc = obj2gco(x_); settt_(io, ctb(LUA_VTABLE)); \
+    checkliveness(L,io); }
+
+#define sethvalue2s(L,o,h)	sethvalue(L,s2v(o),h)
+
+
+/*
+** Nodes for Hash tables: A pack of two TValue's (key-value pairs)
+** plus a 'next' field to link colliding entries. The distribution
+** of the key's fields ('key_tt' and 'key_val') not forming a proper
+** 'TValue' allows for a smaller size for 'Node' both in 4-byte
+** and 8-byte alignments.
+*/
+typedef union Node {
+  struct NodeKey {
+    TValuefields;  /* fields for value */
+    lu_byte key_tt;  /* key type */
+    int next;  /* for chaining */
+    Value key_val;  /* key value */
+  } u;
+  TValue i_val;  /* direct access to node's value as a proper 'TValue' */
+} Node;
+
+
+/* copy a value into a key */
+#define setnodekey(L,node,obj) \
+	{ Node *n_=(node); const TValue *io_=(obj); \
+	  n_->u.key_val = io_->value_; n_->u.key_tt = io_->tt_; \
+	  checkliveness(L,io_); }
+
+
+/* copy a value from a key */
+#define getnodekey(L,obj,node) \
+	{ TValue *io_=(obj); const Node *n_=(node); \
+	  io_->value_ = n_->u.key_val; io_->tt_ = n_->u.key_tt; \
+	  checkliveness(L,io_); }
+
+
+/*
+** About 'alimit': if 'isrealasize(t)' is true, then 'alimit' is the
+** real size of 'array'. Otherwise, the real size of 'array' is the
+** smallest power of two not smaller than 'alimit' (or zero iff 'alimit'
+** is zero); 'alimit' is then used as a hint for #t.
+*/
+
+#define BITRAS		(1 << 7)
+#define isrealasize(t)		(!((t)->flags & BITRAS))
+#define setrealasize(t)		((t)->flags &= cast_byte(~BITRAS))
+#define setnorealasize(t)	((t)->flags |= BITRAS)
+
+
+typedef struct Table {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte flags;  /* 1<<p means tagmethod(p) is not present */
+  lu_byte lsizenode;  /* log2 of size of 'node' array */
+  unsigned int alimit;  /* "limit" of 'array' array */
+  TValue *array;  /* array part */
+  Node *node;
+  Node *lastfree;  /* any free position is before this position */
+  struct Table *metatable;
+  GCObject *gclist;
+} Table;
+
+
+/*
+** Macros to manipulate keys inserted in nodes
+*/
+#define keytt(node)		((node)->u.key_tt)
+#define keyval(node)		((node)->u.key_val)
+
+#define keyisnil(node)		(keytt(node) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define keyisinteger(node)	(keytt(node) == LUA_VNUMINT)
+#define keyival(node)		(keyval(node).i)
+#define keyisshrstr(node)	(keytt(node) == ctb(LUA_VSHRSTR))
+#define keystrval(node)		(gco2ts(keyval(node).gc))
+
+#define setnilkey(node)		(keytt(node) = LUA_TNIL)
+
+#define keyiscollectable(n)	(keytt(n) & BIT_ISCOLLECTABLE)
+
+#define gckey(n)	(keyval(n).gc)
+#define gckeyN(n)	(keyiscollectable(n) ? gckey(n) : NULL)
+
+
+/*
+** Dead keys in tables have the tag DEADKEY but keep their original
+** gcvalue. This distinguishes them from regular keys but allows them to
+** be found when searched in a special way. ('next' needs that to find
+** keys removed from a table during a traversal.)
+*/
+#define setdeadkey(node)	(keytt(node) = LUA_TDEADKEY)
+#define keyisdead(node)		(keytt(node) == LUA_TDEADKEY)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** 'module' operation for hashing (size is always a power of 2)
+*/
+#define lmod(s,size) \
+	(check_exp((size&(size-1))==0, (cast_int((s) & ((size)-1)))))
+
+
+#define twoto(x)	(1<<(x))
+#define sizenode(t)	(twoto((t)->lsizenode))
+
+
+/* size of buffer for 'luaO_utf8esc' function */
+#define UTF8BUFFSZ	8
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_utf8esc (char *buff, unsigned long x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_ceillog2 (unsigned int x);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_rawarith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1,
+                             const TValue *p2, TValue *res);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_arith (lua_State *L, int op, const TValue *p1,
+                           const TValue *p2, StkId res);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaO_str2num (const char *s, TValue *o);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaO_hexavalue (int c);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_tostring (lua_State *L, TValue *obj);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushvfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+                                                       va_list argp);
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaO_pushfstring (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaO_chunkid (char *out, const char *source, size_t srclen);
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lopcodes.c b/external/lua/src/lopcodes.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c67aa22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lopcodes.c
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.c $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lopcodes_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+LUAI_DDEF const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES] = {
+/*       MM OT IT T  A  mode		   opcode  */
+  opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MOVE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iAsBx)		/* OP_LOADI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iAsBx)		/* OP_LOADF */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_LOADK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_LOADKX */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADFALSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LFALSESKIP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADTRUE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LOADNIL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETUPVAL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_GETFIELD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABUP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETFIELD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_NEWTABLE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SELF */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADDK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SUBK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MULK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MODK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_POWK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_DIVK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_IDIVK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BANDK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BORK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BXORK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHRI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHLI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_ADD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SUB */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MUL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_MOD */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_POW */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_DIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_IDIV */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BAND */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BOR */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BXOR */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_SHR */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBIN */
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINI*/
+ ,opmode(1, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_MMBINK*/
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_UNM */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_BNOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_NOT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_LEN */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_CONCAT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_CLOSE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TBC */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, isJ)		/* OP_JMP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQ */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LT */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LE */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQK */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_EQI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LTI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_LEI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_GTI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_GEI */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TEST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 1, 1, iABC)		/* OP_TESTSET */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_CALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_TAILCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN0 */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_RETURN1 */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_FORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_FORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABx)		/* OP_TFORPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_TFORCALL */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_TFORLOOP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 0, iABC)		/* OP_SETLIST */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 1, iABx)		/* OP_CLOSURE */
+ ,opmode(0, 1, 0, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARG */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 1, 0, 1, iABC)		/* OP_VARARGPREP */
+ ,opmode(0, 0, 0, 0, 0, iAx)		/* OP_EXTRAARG */
+};
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lopcodes.h b/external/lua/src/lopcodes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6a47e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lopcodes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,392 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopcodes.h $
+** Opcodes for Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lopcodes_h
+#define lopcodes_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+  We assume that instructions are unsigned 32-bit integers.
+  All instructions have an opcode in the first 7 bits.
+  Instructions can have the following formats:
+
+        3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
+        1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
+iABC          C(8)     |      B(8)     |k|     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iABx                Bx(17)               |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iAsBx              sBx (signed)(17)      |     A(8)      |   Op(7)     |
+iAx                           Ax(25)                     |   Op(7)     |
+isJ                           sJ(25)                     |   Op(7)     |
+
+  A signed argument is represented in excess K: the represented value is
+  the written unsigned value minus K, where K is half the maximum for the
+  corresponding unsigned argument.
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+enum OpMode {iABC, iABx, iAsBx, iAx, isJ};  /* basic instruction formats */
+
+
+/*
+** size and position of opcode arguments.
+*/
+#define SIZE_C		8
+#define SIZE_B		8
+#define SIZE_Bx		(SIZE_C + SIZE_B + 1)
+#define SIZE_A		8
+#define SIZE_Ax		(SIZE_Bx + SIZE_A)
+#define SIZE_sJ		(SIZE_Bx + SIZE_A)
+
+#define SIZE_OP		7
+
+#define POS_OP		0
+
+#define POS_A		(POS_OP + SIZE_OP)
+#define POS_k		(POS_A + SIZE_A)
+#define POS_B		(POS_k + 1)
+#define POS_C		(POS_B + SIZE_B)
+
+#define POS_Bx		POS_k
+
+#define POS_Ax		POS_A
+
+#define POS_sJ		POS_A
+
+
+/*
+** limits for opcode arguments.
+** we use (signed) 'int' to manipulate most arguments,
+** so they must fit in ints.
+*/
+
+/* Check whether type 'int' has at least 'b' bits ('b' < 32) */
+#define L_INTHASBITS(b)		((UINT_MAX >> ((b) - 1)) >= 1)
+
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Bx)
+#define MAXARG_Bx	((1<<SIZE_Bx)-1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Bx	MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#define OFFSET_sBx	(MAXARG_Bx>>1)         /* 'sBx' is signed */
+
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_Ax)
+#define MAXARG_Ax	((1<<SIZE_Ax)-1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_Ax	MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#if L_INTHASBITS(SIZE_sJ)
+#define MAXARG_sJ	((1 << SIZE_sJ) - 1)
+#else
+#define MAXARG_sJ	MAX_INT
+#endif
+
+#define OFFSET_sJ	(MAXARG_sJ >> 1)
+
+
+#define MAXARG_A	((1<<SIZE_A)-1)
+#define MAXARG_B	((1<<SIZE_B)-1)
+#define MAXARG_C	((1<<SIZE_C)-1)
+#define OFFSET_sC	(MAXARG_C >> 1)
+
+#define int2sC(i)	((i) + OFFSET_sC)
+#define sC2int(i)	((i) - OFFSET_sC)
+
+
+/* creates a mask with 'n' 1 bits at position 'p' */
+#define MASK1(n,p)	((~((~(Instruction)0)<<(n)))<<(p))
+
+/* creates a mask with 'n' 0 bits at position 'p' */
+#define MASK0(n,p)	(~MASK1(n,p))
+
+/*
+** the following macros help to manipulate instructions
+*/
+
+#define GET_OPCODE(i)	(cast(OpCode, ((i)>>POS_OP) & MASK1(SIZE_OP,0)))
+#define SET_OPCODE(i,o)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(SIZE_OP,POS_OP)) | \
+		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP)&MASK1(SIZE_OP,POS_OP))))
+
+#define checkopm(i,m)	(getOpMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) == m)
+
+
+#define getarg(i,pos,size)	(cast_int(((i)>>(pos)) & MASK1(size,0)))
+#define setarg(i,v,pos,size)	((i) = (((i)&MASK0(size,pos)) | \
+                ((cast(Instruction, v)<<pos)&MASK1(size,pos))))
+
+#define GETARG_A(i)	getarg(i, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+#define SETARG_A(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_A, SIZE_A)
+
+#define GETARG_B(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_B, SIZE_B))
+#define GETARG_sB(i)	sC2int(GETARG_B(i))
+#define SETARG_B(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_B, SIZE_B)
+
+#define GETARG_C(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_C, SIZE_C))
+#define GETARG_sC(i)	sC2int(GETARG_C(i))
+#define SETARG_C(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_C, SIZE_C)
+
+#define TESTARG_k(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), (cast_int(((i) & (1u << POS_k)))))
+#define GETARG_k(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABC), getarg(i, POS_k, 1))
+#define SETARG_k(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_k, 1)
+
+#define GETARG_Bx(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iABx), getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx))
+#define SETARG_Bx(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx)
+
+#define GETARG_Ax(i)	check_exp(checkopm(i, iAx), getarg(i, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax))
+#define SETARG_Ax(i,v)	setarg(i, v, POS_Ax, SIZE_Ax)
+
+#define GETARG_sBx(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, iAsBx), getarg(i, POS_Bx, SIZE_Bx) - OFFSET_sBx)
+#define SETARG_sBx(i,b)	SETARG_Bx((i),cast_uint((b)+OFFSET_sBx))
+
+#define GETARG_sJ(i)  \
+	check_exp(checkopm(i, isJ), getarg(i, POS_sJ, SIZE_sJ) - OFFSET_sJ)
+#define SETARG_sJ(i,j) \
+	setarg(i, cast_uint((j)+OFFSET_sJ), POS_sJ, SIZE_sJ)
+
+
+#define CREATE_ABCk(o,a,b,c,k)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, b)<<POS_B) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, c)<<POS_C) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, k)<<POS_k))
+
+#define CREATE_ABx(o,a,bc)	((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_A) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, bc)<<POS_Bx))
+
+#define CREATE_Ax(o,a)		((cast(Instruction, o)<<POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, a)<<POS_Ax))
+
+#define CREATE_sJ(o,j,k)	((cast(Instruction, o) << POS_OP) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, j) << POS_sJ) \
+			| (cast(Instruction, k) << POS_k))
+
+
+#if !defined(MAXINDEXRK)  /* (for debugging only) */
+#define MAXINDEXRK	MAXARG_B
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** invalid register that fits in 8 bits
+*/
+#define NO_REG		MAXARG_A
+
+
+/*
+** R[x] - register
+** K[x] - constant (in constant table)
+** RK(x) == if k(i) then K[x] else R[x]
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** grep "ORDER OP" if you change these enums
+*/
+
+typedef enum {
+/*----------------------------------------------------------------------
+  name		args	description
+------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
+OP_MOVE,/*	A B	R[A] := R[B]					*/
+OP_LOADI,/*	A sBx	R[A] := sBx					*/
+OP_LOADF,/*	A sBx	R[A] := (lua_Number)sBx				*/
+OP_LOADK,/*	A Bx	R[A] := K[Bx]					*/
+OP_LOADKX,/*	A	R[A] := K[extra arg]				*/
+OP_LOADFALSE,/*	A	R[A] := false					*/
+OP_LFALSESKIP,/*A	R[A] := false; pc++				*/
+OP_LOADTRUE,/*	A	R[A] := true					*/
+OP_LOADNIL,/*	A B	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+B] := nil		*/
+OP_GETUPVAL,/*	A B	R[A] := UpValue[B]				*/
+OP_SETUPVAL,/*	A B	UpValue[B] := R[A]				*/
+
+OP_GETTABUP,/*	A B C	R[A] := UpValue[B][K[C]:string]			*/
+OP_GETTABLE,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][R[C]]				*/
+OP_GETI,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][C]					*/
+OP_GETFIELD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B][K[C]:string]			*/
+
+OP_SETTABUP,/*	A B C	UpValue[A][K[B]:string] := RK(C)		*/
+OP_SETTABLE,/*	A B C	R[A][R[B]] := RK(C)				*/
+OP_SETI,/*	A B C	R[A][B] := RK(C)				*/
+OP_SETFIELD,/*	A B C	R[A][K[B]:string] := RK(C)			*/
+
+OP_NEWTABLE,/*	A B C k	R[A] := {}					*/
+
+OP_SELF,/*	A B C	R[A+1] := R[B]; R[A] := R[B][RK(C):string]	*/
+
+OP_ADDI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] + sC				*/
+
+OP_ADDK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] + K[C]:number			*/
+OP_SUBK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] - K[C]:number			*/
+OP_MULK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] * K[C]:number			*/
+OP_MODK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] % K[C]:number			*/
+OP_POWK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ^ K[C]:number			*/
+OP_DIVK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] / K[C]:number			*/
+OP_IDIVK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] // K[C]:number			*/
+
+OP_BANDK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] & K[C]:integer			*/
+OP_BORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] | K[C]:integer			*/
+OP_BXORK,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ K[C]:integer			*/
+
+OP_SHRI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := R[B] >> sC				*/
+OP_SHLI,/*	A B sC	R[A] := sC << R[B]				*/
+
+OP_ADD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] + R[C]				*/
+OP_SUB,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] - R[C]				*/
+OP_MUL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] * R[C]				*/
+OP_MOD,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] % R[C]				*/
+OP_POW,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ^ R[C]				*/
+OP_DIV,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] / R[C]				*/
+OP_IDIV,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] // R[C]				*/
+
+OP_BAND,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] & R[C]				*/
+OP_BOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] | R[C]				*/
+OP_BXOR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] ~ R[C]				*/
+OP_SHL,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] << R[C]				*/
+OP_SHR,/*	A B C	R[A] := R[B] >> R[C]				*/
+
+OP_MMBIN,/*	A B C	call C metamethod over R[A] and R[B]		*/
+OP_MMBINI,/*	A sB C k	call C metamethod over R[A] and sB	*/
+OP_MMBINK,/*	A B C k		call C metamethod over R[A] and K[B]	*/
+
+OP_UNM,/*	A B	R[A] := -R[B]					*/
+OP_BNOT,/*	A B	R[A] := ~R[B]					*/
+OP_NOT,/*	A B	R[A] := not R[B]				*/
+OP_LEN,/*	A B	R[A] := #R[B] (length operator)			*/
+
+OP_CONCAT,/*	A B	R[A] := R[A].. ... ..R[A + B - 1]		*/
+
+OP_CLOSE,/*	A	close all upvalues >= R[A]			*/
+OP_TBC,/*	A	mark variable A "to be closed"			*/
+OP_JMP,/*	sJ	pc += sJ					*/
+OP_EQ,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] == R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LT,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] <  R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LE,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] <= R[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+
+OP_EQK,/*	A B k	if ((R[A] == K[B]) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_EQI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] == sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_LTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] < sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
+OP_LEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] <= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+OP_GTI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] > sB) ~= k) then pc++			*/
+OP_GEI,/*	A sB k	if ((R[A] >= sB) ~= k) then pc++		*/
+
+OP_TEST,/*	A k	if (not R[A] == k) then pc++			*/
+OP_TESTSET,/*	A B k	if (not R[B] == k) then pc++ else R[A] := R[B]	*/
+
+OP_CALL,/*	A B C	R[A], ... ,R[A+C-2] := R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1]) */
+OP_TAILCALL,/*	A B C k	return R[A](R[A+1], ... ,R[A+B-1])		*/
+
+OP_RETURN,/*	A B C k	return R[A], ... ,R[A+B-2]	(see note)	*/
+OP_RETURN0,/*		return						*/
+OP_RETURN1,/*	A	return R[A]					*/
+
+OP_FORLOOP,/*	A Bx	update counters; if loop continues then pc-=Bx; */
+OP_FORPREP,/*	A Bx	<check values and prepare counters>;
+                        if not to run then pc+=Bx+1;			*/
+
+OP_TFORPREP,/*	A Bx	create upvalue for R[A + 3]; pc+=Bx		*/
+OP_TFORCALL,/*	A C	R[A+4], ... ,R[A+3+C] := R[A](R[A+1], R[A+2]);	*/
+OP_TFORLOOP,/*	A Bx	if R[A+2] ~= nil then { R[A]=R[A+2]; pc -= Bx }	*/
+
+OP_SETLIST,/*	A B C k	R[A][C+i] := R[A+i], 1 <= i <= B		*/
+
+OP_CLOSURE,/*	A Bx	R[A] := closure(KPROTO[Bx])			*/
+
+OP_VARARG,/*	A C	R[A], R[A+1], ..., R[A+C-2] = vararg		*/
+
+OP_VARARGPREP,/*A	(adjust vararg parameters)			*/
+
+OP_EXTRAARG/*	Ax	extra (larger) argument for previous opcode	*/
+} OpCode;
+
+
+#define NUM_OPCODES	((int)(OP_EXTRAARG) + 1)
+
+
+
+/*===========================================================================
+  Notes:
+  (*) In OP_CALL, if (B == 0) then B = top - A. If (C == 0), then
+  'top' is set to last_result+1, so next open instruction (OP_CALL,
+  OP_RETURN*, OP_SETLIST) may use 'top'.
+
+  (*) In OP_VARARG, if (C == 0) then use actual number of varargs and
+  set top (like in OP_CALL with C == 0).
+
+  (*) In OP_RETURN, if (B == 0) then return up to 'top'.
+
+  (*) In OP_LOADKX and OP_NEWTABLE, the next instruction is always
+  OP_EXTRAARG.
+
+  (*) In OP_SETLIST, if (B == 0) then real B = 'top'; if k, then
+  real C = EXTRAARG _ C (the bits of EXTRAARG concatenated with the
+  bits of C).
+
+  (*) In OP_NEWTABLE, B is log2 of the hash size (which is always a
+  power of 2) plus 1, or zero for size zero. If not k, the array size
+  is C. Otherwise, the array size is EXTRAARG _ C.
+
+  (*) For comparisons, k specifies what condition the test should accept
+  (true or false).
+
+  (*) In OP_MMBINI/OP_MMBINK, k means the arguments were flipped
+   (the constant is the first operand).
+
+  (*) All 'skips' (pc++) assume that next instruction is a jump.
+
+  (*) In instructions OP_RETURN/OP_TAILCALL, 'k' specifies that the
+  function builds upvalues, which may need to be closed. C > 0 means
+  the function is vararg, so that its 'func' must be corrected before
+  returning; in this case, (C - 1) is its number of fixed parameters.
+
+  (*) In comparisons with an immediate operand, C signals whether the
+  original operand was a float. (It must be corrected in case of
+  metamethods.)
+
+===========================================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** masks for instruction properties. The format is:
+** bits 0-2: op mode
+** bit 3: instruction set register A
+** bit 4: operator is a test (next instruction must be a jump)
+** bit 5: instruction uses 'L->top' set by previous instruction (when B == 0)
+** bit 6: instruction sets 'L->top' for next instruction (when C == 0)
+** bit 7: instruction is an MM instruction (call a metamethod)
+*/
+
+LUAI_DDEC(const lu_byte luaP_opmodes[NUM_OPCODES];)
+
+#define getOpMode(m)	(cast(enum OpMode, luaP_opmodes[m] & 7))
+#define testAMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 3))
+#define testTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 4))
+#define testITMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 5))
+#define testOTMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 6))
+#define testMMMode(m)	(luaP_opmodes[m] & (1 << 7))
+
+/* "out top" (set top for next instruction) */
+#define isOT(i)  \
+	((testOTMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_C(i) == 0) || \
+          GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TAILCALL)
+
+/* "in top" (uses top from previous instruction) */
+#define isIT(i)		(testITMode(GET_OPCODE(i)) && GETARG_B(i) == 0)
+
+#define opmode(mm,ot,it,t,a,m)  \
+    (((mm) << 7) | ((ot) << 6) | ((it) << 5) | ((t) << 4) | ((a) << 3) | (m))
+
+
+/* number of list items to accumulate before a SETLIST instruction */
+#define LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH	50
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lopnames.h b/external/lua/src/lopnames.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..965cec9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lopnames.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lopnames.h $
+** Opcode names
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lopnames_h)
+#define lopnames_h
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/* ORDER OP */
+
+static const char *const opnames[] = {
+  "MOVE",
+  "LOADI",
+  "LOADF",
+  "LOADK",
+  "LOADKX",
+  "LOADFALSE",
+  "LFALSESKIP",
+  "LOADTRUE",
+  "LOADNIL",
+  "GETUPVAL",
+  "SETUPVAL",
+  "GETTABUP",
+  "GETTABLE",
+  "GETI",
+  "GETFIELD",
+  "SETTABUP",
+  "SETTABLE",
+  "SETI",
+  "SETFIELD",
+  "NEWTABLE",
+  "SELF",
+  "ADDI",
+  "ADDK",
+  "SUBK",
+  "MULK",
+  "MODK",
+  "POWK",
+  "DIVK",
+  "IDIVK",
+  "BANDK",
+  "BORK",
+  "BXORK",
+  "SHRI",
+  "SHLI",
+  "ADD",
+  "SUB",
+  "MUL",
+  "MOD",
+  "POW",
+  "DIV",
+  "IDIV",
+  "BAND",
+  "BOR",
+  "BXOR",
+  "SHL",
+  "SHR",
+  "MMBIN",
+  "MMBINI",
+  "MMBINK",
+  "UNM",
+  "BNOT",
+  "NOT",
+  "LEN",
+  "CONCAT",
+  "CLOSE",
+  "TBC",
+  "JMP",
+  "EQ",
+  "LT",
+  "LE",
+  "EQK",
+  "EQI",
+  "LTI",
+  "LEI",
+  "GTI",
+  "GEI",
+  "TEST",
+  "TESTSET",
+  "CALL",
+  "TAILCALL",
+  "RETURN",
+  "RETURN0",
+  "RETURN1",
+  "FORLOOP",
+  "FORPREP",
+  "TFORPREP",
+  "TFORCALL",
+  "TFORLOOP",
+  "SETLIST",
+  "CLOSURE",
+  "VARARG",
+  "VARARGPREP",
+  "EXTRAARG",
+  NULL
+};
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/loslib.c b/external/lua/src/loslib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e20d62
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/loslib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+/*
+** $Id: loslib.c $
+** Standard Operating System library
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define loslib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** List of valid conversion specifiers for the 'strftime' function;
+** options are grouped by length; group of length 2 start with '||'.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS)	/* { */
+
+/* options for ANSI C 89 (only 1-char options) */
+#define L_STRFTIMEC89		"aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%"
+
+/* options for ISO C 99 and POSIX */
+#define L_STRFTIMEC99 "aAbBcCdDeFgGhHIjmMnprRStTuUVwWxXyYzZ%" \
+    "||" "EcECExEXEyEY" "OdOeOHOIOmOMOSOuOUOVOwOWOy"  /* two-char options */
+
+/* options for Windows */
+#define L_STRFTIMEWIN "aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYzZ%" \
+    "||" "#c#x#d#H#I#j#m#M#S#U#w#W#y#Y"  /* two-char options */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS	L_STRFTIMEWIN
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS	L_STRFTIMEC89
+#else  /* C99 specification */
+#define LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS	L_STRFTIMEC99
+#endif
+
+#endif					/* } */
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for time-related stuff
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** type to represent time_t in Lua
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_NUMTIME)	/* { */
+
+#define l_timet			lua_Integer
+#define l_pushtime(L,t)		lua_pushinteger(L,(lua_Integer)(t))
+#define l_gettime(L,arg)	luaL_checkinteger(L, arg)
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#define l_timet			lua_Number
+#define l_pushtime(L,t)		lua_pushnumber(L,(lua_Number)(t))
+#define l_gettime(L,arg)	luaL_checknumber(L, arg)
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+#if !defined(l_gmtime)		/* { */
+/*
+** By default, Lua uses gmtime/localtime, except when POSIX is available,
+** where it uses gmtime_r/localtime_r
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#define l_gmtime(t,r)		gmtime_r(t,r)
+#define l_localtime(t,r)	localtime_r(t,r)
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define l_gmtime(t,r)		((void)(r)->tm_sec, gmtime(t))
+#define l_localtime(t,r)	((void)(r)->tm_sec, localtime(t))
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for 'tmpnam':
+** By default, Lua uses tmpnam except when POSIX is available, where
+** it uses mkstemp.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_tmpnam)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	32
+
+#if !defined(LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE)
+#define LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE	"/tmp/lua_XXXXXX"
+#endif
+
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e) { \
+        strcpy(b, LUA_TMPNAMTEMPLATE); \
+        e = mkstemp(b); \
+        if (e != -1) close(e); \
+        e = (e == -1); }
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definitions */
+#define LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE	L_tmpnam
+#define lua_tmpnam(b,e)		{ e = (tmpnam(b) == NULL); }
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+static int os_execute (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *cmd = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  int stat;
+  errno = 0;
+  stat = system(cmd);
+  if (cmd != NULL)
+    return luaL_execresult(L, stat);
+  else {
+    lua_pushboolean(L, stat);  /* true if there is a shell */
+    return 1;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int os_remove (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *filename = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, remove(filename) == 0, filename);
+}
+
+
+static int os_rename (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *fromname = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  const char *toname = luaL_checkstring(L, 2);
+  return luaL_fileresult(L, rename(fromname, toname) == 0, NULL);
+}
+
+
+static int os_tmpname (lua_State *L) {
+  char buff[LUA_TMPNAMBUFSIZE];
+  int err;
+  lua_tmpnam(buff, err);
+  if (l_unlikely(err))
+    return luaL_error(L, "unable to generate a unique filename");
+  lua_pushstring(L, buff);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_getenv (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, getenv(luaL_checkstring(L, 1)));  /* if NULL push nil */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_clock (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_pushnumber(L, ((lua_Number)clock())/(lua_Number)CLOCKS_PER_SEC);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Time/Date operations
+** { year=%Y, month=%m, day=%d, hour=%H, min=%M, sec=%S,
+**   wday=%w+1, yday=%j, isdst=? }
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** About the overflow check: an overflow cannot occur when time
+** is represented by a lua_Integer, because either lua_Integer is
+** large enough to represent all int fields or it is not large enough
+** to represent a time that cause a field to overflow.  However, if
+** times are represented as doubles and lua_Integer is int, then the
+** time 0x1.e1853b0d184f6p+55 would cause an overflow when adding 1900
+** to compute the year.
+*/
+static void setfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value, int delta) {
+  #if (defined(LUA_NUMTIME) && LUA_MAXINTEGER <= INT_MAX)
+    if (l_unlikely(value > LUA_MAXINTEGER - delta))
+      luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is out-of-bound", key);
+  #endif
+  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)value + delta);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+
+static void setboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int value) {
+  if (value < 0)  /* undefined? */
+    return;  /* does not set field */
+  lua_pushboolean(L, value);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, key);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Set all fields from structure 'tm' in the table on top of the stack
+*/
+static void setallfields (lua_State *L, struct tm *stm) {
+  setfield(L, "year", stm->tm_year, 1900);
+  setfield(L, "month", stm->tm_mon, 1);
+  setfield(L, "day", stm->tm_mday, 0);
+  setfield(L, "hour", stm->tm_hour, 0);
+  setfield(L, "min", stm->tm_min, 0);
+  setfield(L, "sec", stm->tm_sec, 0);
+  setfield(L, "yday", stm->tm_yday, 1);
+  setfield(L, "wday", stm->tm_wday, 1);
+  setboolfield(L, "isdst", stm->tm_isdst);
+}
+
+
+static int getboolfield (lua_State *L, const char *key) {
+  int res;
+  res = (lua_getfield(L, -1, key) == LUA_TNIL) ? -1 : lua_toboolean(L, -1);
+  lua_pop(L, 1);
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+static int getfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int d, int delta) {
+  int isnum;
+  int t = lua_getfield(L, -1, key);  /* get field and its type */
+  lua_Integer res = lua_tointegerx(L, -1, &isnum);
+  if (!isnum) {  /* field is not an integer? */
+    if (l_unlikely(t != LUA_TNIL))  /* some other value? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is not an integer", key);
+    else if (l_unlikely(d < 0))  /* absent field; no default? */
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' missing in date table", key);
+    res = d;
+  }
+  else {
+    /* unsigned avoids overflow when lua_Integer has 32 bits */
+    if (!(res >= 0 ? (lua_Unsigned)res <= (lua_Unsigned)INT_MAX + delta
+                   : (lua_Integer)INT_MIN + delta <= res))
+      return luaL_error(L, "field '%s' is out-of-bound", key);
+    res -= delta;
+  }
+  lua_pop(L, 1);
+  return (int)res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *checkoption (lua_State *L, const char *conv,
+                                ptrdiff_t convlen, char *buff) {
+  const char *option = LUA_STRFTIMEOPTIONS;
+  int oplen = 1;  /* length of options being checked */
+  for (; *option != '\0' && oplen <= convlen; option += oplen) {
+    if (*option == '|')  /* next block? */
+      oplen++;  /* will check options with next length (+1) */
+    else if (memcmp(conv, option, oplen) == 0) {  /* match? */
+      memcpy(buff, conv, oplen);  /* copy valid option to buffer */
+      buff[oplen] = '\0';
+      return conv + oplen;  /* return next item */
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_argerror(L, 1,
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "invalid conversion specifier '%%%s'", conv));
+  return conv;  /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+static time_t l_checktime (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  l_timet t = l_gettime(L, arg);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, (time_t)t == t, arg, "time out-of-bounds");
+  return (time_t)t;
+}
+
+
+/* maximum size for an individual 'strftime' item */
+#define SIZETIMEFMT	250
+
+
+static int os_date (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t slen;
+  const char *s = luaL_optlstring(L, 1, "%c", &slen);
+  time_t t = luaL_opt(L, l_checktime, 2, time(NULL));
+  const char *se = s + slen;  /* 's' end */
+  struct tm tmr, *stm;
+  if (*s == '!') {  /* UTC? */
+    stm = l_gmtime(&t, &tmr);
+    s++;  /* skip '!' */
+  }
+  else
+    stm = l_localtime(&t, &tmr);
+  if (stm == NULL)  /* invalid date? */
+    return luaL_error(L,
+                 "date result cannot be represented in this installation");
+  if (strcmp(s, "*t") == 0) {
+    lua_createtable(L, 0, 9);  /* 9 = number of fields */
+    setallfields(L, stm);
+  }
+  else {
+    char cc[4];  /* buffer for individual conversion specifiers */
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    cc[0] = '%';
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    while (s < se) {
+      if (*s != '%')  /* not a conversion specifier? */
+        luaL_addchar(&b, *s++);
+      else {
+        size_t reslen;
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, SIZETIMEFMT);
+        s++;  /* skip '%' */
+        s = checkoption(L, s, se - s, cc + 1);  /* copy specifier to 'cc' */
+        reslen = strftime(buff, SIZETIMEFMT, cc, stm);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, reslen);
+      }
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_time (lua_State *L) {
+  time_t t;
+  if (lua_isnoneornil(L, 1))  /* called without args? */
+    t = time(NULL);  /* get current time */
+  else {
+    struct tm ts;
+    luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TTABLE);
+    lua_settop(L, 1);  /* make sure table is at the top */
+    ts.tm_year = getfield(L, "year", -1, 1900);
+    ts.tm_mon = getfield(L, "month", -1, 1);
+    ts.tm_mday = getfield(L, "day", -1, 0);
+    ts.tm_hour = getfield(L, "hour", 12, 0);
+    ts.tm_min = getfield(L, "min", 0, 0);
+    ts.tm_sec = getfield(L, "sec", 0, 0);
+    ts.tm_isdst = getboolfield(L, "isdst");
+    t = mktime(&ts);
+    setallfields(L, &ts);  /* update fields with normalized values */
+  }
+  if (t != (time_t)(l_timet)t || t == (time_t)(-1))
+    return luaL_error(L,
+                  "time result cannot be represented in this installation");
+  l_pushtime(L, t);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_difftime (lua_State *L) {
+  time_t t1 = l_checktime(L, 1);
+  time_t t2 = l_checktime(L, 2);
+  lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)difftime(t1, t2));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static int os_setlocale (lua_State *L) {
+  static const int cat[] = {LC_ALL, LC_COLLATE, LC_CTYPE, LC_MONETARY,
+                      LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME};
+  static const char *const catnames[] = {"all", "collate", "ctype", "monetary",
+     "numeric", "time", NULL};
+  const char *l = luaL_optstring(L, 1, NULL);
+  int op = luaL_checkoption(L, 2, "all", catnames);
+  lua_pushstring(L, setlocale(cat[op], l));
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int os_exit (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  if (lua_isboolean(L, 1))
+    status = (lua_toboolean(L, 1) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
+  else
+    status = (int)luaL_optinteger(L, 1, EXIT_SUCCESS);
+  if (lua_toboolean(L, 2))
+    lua_close(L);
+  if (L) exit(status);  /* 'if' to avoid warnings for unreachable 'return' */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg syslib[] = {
+  {"clock",     os_clock},
+  {"date",      os_date},
+  {"difftime",  os_difftime},
+  {"execute",   os_execute},
+  {"exit",      os_exit},
+  {"getenv",    os_getenv},
+  {"remove",    os_remove},
+  {"rename",    os_rename},
+  {"setlocale", os_setlocale},
+  {"time",      os_time},
+  {"tmpname",   os_tmpname},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_os (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, syslib);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lparser.c b/external/lua/src/lparser.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284ef1f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lparser.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1956 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.c $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lparser_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lcode.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lparser.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+
+
+
+/* maximum number of local variables per function (must be smaller
+   than 250, due to the bytecode format) */
+#define MAXVARS		200
+
+
+#define hasmultret(k)		((k) == VCALL || (k) == VVARARG)
+
+
+/* because all strings are unified by the scanner, the parser
+   can use pointer equality for string equality */
+#define eqstr(a,b)	((a) == (b))
+
+
+/*
+** nodes for block list (list of active blocks)
+*/
+typedef struct BlockCnt {
+  struct BlockCnt *previous;  /* chain */
+  int firstlabel;  /* index of first label in this block */
+  int firstgoto;  /* index of first pending goto in this block */
+  lu_byte nactvar;  /* # active locals outside the block */
+  lu_byte upval;  /* true if some variable in the block is an upvalue */
+  lu_byte isloop;  /* true if 'block' is a loop */
+  lu_byte insidetbc;  /* true if inside the scope of a to-be-closed var. */
+} BlockCnt;
+
+
+
+/*
+** prototypes for recursive non-terminal functions
+*/
+static void statement (LexState *ls);
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v);
+
+
+static l_noret error_expected (LexState *ls, int token) {
+  luaX_syntaxerror(ls,
+      luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "%s expected", luaX_token2str(ls, token)));
+}
+
+
+static l_noret errorlimit (FuncState *fs, int limit, const char *what) {
+  lua_State *L = fs->ls->L;
+  const char *msg;
+  int line = fs->f->linedefined;
+  const char *where = (line == 0)
+                      ? "main function"
+                      : luaO_pushfstring(L, "function at line %d", line);
+  msg = luaO_pushfstring(L, "too many %s (limit is %d) in %s",
+                             what, limit, where);
+  luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void checklimit (FuncState *fs, int v, int l, const char *what) {
+  if (v > l) errorlimit(fs, l, what);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Test whether next token is 'c'; if so, skip it.
+*/
+static int testnext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  if (ls->t.token == c) {
+    luaX_next(ls);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check that next token is 'c'.
+*/
+static void check (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  if (ls->t.token != c)
+    error_expected(ls, c);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check that next token is 'c' and skip it.
+*/
+static void checknext (LexState *ls, int c) {
+  check(ls, c);
+  luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+#define check_condition(ls,c,msg)	{ if (!(c)) luaX_syntaxerror(ls, msg); }
+
+
+/*
+** Check that next token is 'what' and skip it. In case of error,
+** raise an error that the expected 'what' should match a 'who'
+** in line 'where' (if that is not the current line).
+*/
+static void check_match (LexState *ls, int what, int who, int where) {
+  if (l_unlikely(!testnext(ls, what))) {
+    if (where == ls->linenumber)  /* all in the same line? */
+      error_expected(ls, what);  /* do not need a complex message */
+    else {
+      luaX_syntaxerror(ls, luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+             "%s expected (to close %s at line %d)",
+              luaX_token2str(ls, what), luaX_token2str(ls, who), where));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static TString *str_checkname (LexState *ls) {
+  TString *ts;
+  check(ls, TK_NAME);
+  ts = ls->t.seminfo.ts;
+  luaX_next(ls);
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+static void init_exp (expdesc *e, expkind k, int i) {
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->k = k;
+  e->u.info = i;
+}
+
+
+static void codestring (expdesc *e, TString *s) {
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->k = VKSTR;
+  e->u.strval = s;
+}
+
+
+static void codename (LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {
+  codestring(e, str_checkname(ls));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Register a new local variable in the active 'Proto' (for debug
+** information).
+*/
+static int registerlocalvar (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs, TString *varname) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int oldsize = f->sizelocvars;
+  luaM_growvector(ls->L, f->locvars, fs->ndebugvars, f->sizelocvars,
+                  LocVar, SHRT_MAX, "local variables");
+  while (oldsize < f->sizelocvars)
+    f->locvars[oldsize++].varname = NULL;
+  f->locvars[fs->ndebugvars].varname = varname;
+  f->locvars[fs->ndebugvars].startpc = fs->pc;
+  luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, varname);
+  return fs->ndebugvars++;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a new local variable with the given 'name'. Return its index
+** in the function.
+*/
+static int new_localvar (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+  Vardesc *var;
+  checklimit(fs, dyd->actvar.n + 1 - fs->firstlocal,
+                 MAXVARS, "local variables");
+  luaM_growvector(L, dyd->actvar.arr, dyd->actvar.n + 1,
+                  dyd->actvar.size, Vardesc, USHRT_MAX, "local variables");
+  var = &dyd->actvar.arr[dyd->actvar.n++];
+  var->vd.kind = VDKREG;  /* default */
+  var->vd.name = name;
+  return dyd->actvar.n - 1 - fs->firstlocal;
+}
+
+#define new_localvarliteral(ls,v) \
+    new_localvar(ls,  \
+      luaX_newstring(ls, "" v, (sizeof(v)/sizeof(char)) - 1));
+
+
+
+/*
+** Return the "variable description" (Vardesc) of a given variable.
+** (Unless noted otherwise, all variables are referred to by their
+** compiler indices.)
+*/
+static Vardesc *getlocalvardesc (FuncState *fs, int vidx) {
+  return &fs->ls->dyd->actvar.arr[fs->firstlocal + vidx];
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Convert 'nvar', a compiler index level, to its corresponding
+** register. For that, search for the highest variable below that level
+** that is in a register and uses its register index ('ridx') plus one.
+*/
+static int reglevel (FuncState *fs, int nvar) {
+  while (nvar-- > 0) {
+    Vardesc *vd = getlocalvardesc(fs, nvar);  /* get previous variable */
+    if (vd->vd.kind != RDKCTC)  /* is in a register? */
+      return vd->vd.ridx + 1;
+  }
+  return 0;  /* no variables in registers */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return the number of variables in the register stack for the given
+** function.
+*/
+int luaY_nvarstack (FuncState *fs) {
+  return reglevel(fs, fs->nactvar);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Get the debug-information entry for current variable 'vidx'.
+*/
+static LocVar *localdebuginfo (FuncState *fs, int vidx) {
+  Vardesc *vd = getlocalvardesc(fs,  vidx);
+  if (vd->vd.kind == RDKCTC)
+    return NULL;  /* no debug info. for constants */
+  else {
+    int idx = vd->vd.pidx;
+    lua_assert(idx < fs->ndebugvars);
+    return &fs->f->locvars[idx];
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create an expression representing variable 'vidx'
+*/
+static void init_var (FuncState *fs, expdesc *e, int vidx) {
+  e->f = e->t = NO_JUMP;
+  e->k = VLOCAL;
+  e->u.var.vidx = vidx;
+  e->u.var.ridx = getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx)->vd.ridx;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Raises an error if variable described by 'e' is read only
+*/
+static void check_readonly (LexState *ls, expdesc *e) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  TString *varname = NULL;  /* to be set if variable is const */
+  switch (e->k) {
+    case VCONST: {
+      varname = ls->dyd->actvar.arr[e->u.info].vd.name;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VLOCAL: {
+      Vardesc *vardesc = getlocalvardesc(fs, e->u.var.vidx);
+      if (vardesc->vd.kind != VDKREG)  /* not a regular variable? */
+        varname = vardesc->vd.name;
+      break;
+    }
+    case VUPVAL: {
+      Upvaldesc *up = &fs->f->upvalues[e->u.info];
+      if (up->kind != VDKREG)
+        varname = up->name;
+      break;
+    }
+    default:
+      return;  /* other cases cannot be read-only */
+  }
+  if (varname) {
+    const char *msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L,
+       "attempt to assign to const variable '%s'", getstr(varname));
+    luaK_semerror(ls, msg);  /* error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Start the scope for the last 'nvars' created variables.
+*/
+static void adjustlocalvars (LexState *ls, int nvars) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int reglevel = luaY_nvarstack(fs);
+  int i;
+  for (i = 0; i < nvars; i++) {
+    int vidx = fs->nactvar++;
+    Vardesc *var = getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx);
+    var->vd.ridx = reglevel++;
+    var->vd.pidx = registerlocalvar(ls, fs, var->vd.name);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Close the scope for all variables up to level 'tolevel'.
+** (debug info.)
+*/
+static void removevars (FuncState *fs, int tolevel) {
+  fs->ls->dyd->actvar.n -= (fs->nactvar - tolevel);
+  while (fs->nactvar > tolevel) {
+    LocVar *var = localdebuginfo(fs, --fs->nactvar);
+    if (var)  /* does it have debug information? */
+      var->endpc = fs->pc;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search the upvalues of the function 'fs' for one
+** with the given 'name'.
+*/
+static int searchupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name) {
+  int i;
+  Upvaldesc *up = fs->f->upvalues;
+  for (i = 0; i < fs->nups; i++) {
+    if (eqstr(up[i].name, name)) return i;
+  }
+  return -1;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static Upvaldesc *allocupvalue (FuncState *fs) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int oldsize = f->sizeupvalues;
+  checklimit(fs, fs->nups + 1, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+  luaM_growvector(fs->ls->L, f->upvalues, fs->nups, f->sizeupvalues,
+                  Upvaldesc, MAXUPVAL, "upvalues");
+  while (oldsize < f->sizeupvalues)
+    f->upvalues[oldsize++].name = NULL;
+  return &f->upvalues[fs->nups++];
+}
+
+
+static int newupvalue (FuncState *fs, TString *name, expdesc *v) {
+  Upvaldesc *up = allocupvalue(fs);
+  FuncState *prev = fs->prev;
+  if (v->k == VLOCAL) {
+    up->instack = 1;
+    up->idx = v->u.var.ridx;
+    up->kind = getlocalvardesc(prev, v->u.var.vidx)->vd.kind;
+    lua_assert(eqstr(name, getlocalvardesc(prev, v->u.var.vidx)->vd.name));
+  }
+  else {
+    up->instack = 0;
+    up->idx = cast_byte(v->u.info);
+    up->kind = prev->f->upvalues[v->u.info].kind;
+    lua_assert(eqstr(name, prev->f->upvalues[v->u.info].name));
+  }
+  up->name = name;
+  luaC_objbarrier(fs->ls->L, fs->f, name);
+  return fs->nups - 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Look for an active local variable with the name 'n' in the
+** function 'fs'. If found, initialize 'var' with it and return
+** its expression kind; otherwise return -1.
+*/
+static int searchvar (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = cast_int(fs->nactvar) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    Vardesc *vd = getlocalvardesc(fs, i);
+    if (eqstr(n, vd->vd.name)) {  /* found? */
+      if (vd->vd.kind == RDKCTC)  /* compile-time constant? */
+        init_exp(var, VCONST, fs->firstlocal + i);
+      else  /* real variable */
+        init_var(fs, var, i);
+      return var->k;
+    }
+  }
+  return -1;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Mark block where variable at given level was defined
+** (to emit close instructions later).
+*/
+static void markupval (FuncState *fs, int level) {
+  BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+  while (bl->nactvar > level)
+    bl = bl->previous;
+  bl->upval = 1;
+  fs->needclose = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a variable with the given name 'n'. If it is an upvalue, add
+** this upvalue into all intermediate functions. If it is a global, set
+** 'var' as 'void' as a flag.
+*/
+static void singlevaraux (FuncState *fs, TString *n, expdesc *var, int base) {
+  if (fs == NULL)  /* no more levels? */
+    init_exp(var, VVOID, 0);  /* default is global */
+  else {
+    int v = searchvar(fs, n, var);  /* look up locals at current level */
+    if (v >= 0) {  /* found? */
+      if (v == VLOCAL && !base)
+        markupval(fs, var->u.var.vidx);  /* local will be used as an upval */
+    }
+    else {  /* not found as local at current level; try upvalues */
+      int idx = searchupvalue(fs, n);  /* try existing upvalues */
+      if (idx < 0) {  /* not found? */
+        singlevaraux(fs->prev, n, var, 0);  /* try upper levels */
+        if (var->k == VLOCAL || var->k == VUPVAL)  /* local or upvalue? */
+          idx  = newupvalue(fs, n, var);  /* will be a new upvalue */
+        else  /* it is a global or a constant */
+          return;  /* don't need to do anything at this level */
+      }
+      init_exp(var, VUPVAL, idx);  /* new or old upvalue */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Find a variable with the given name 'n', handling global variables
+** too.
+*/
+static void singlevar (LexState *ls, expdesc *var) {
+  TString *varname = str_checkname(ls);
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  singlevaraux(fs, varname, var, 1);
+  if (var->k == VVOID) {  /* global name? */
+    expdesc key;
+    singlevaraux(fs, ls->envn, var, 1);  /* get environment variable */
+    lua_assert(var->k != VVOID);  /* this one must exist */
+    codestring(&key, varname);  /* key is variable name */
+    luaK_indexed(fs, var, &key);  /* env[varname] */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Adjust the number of results from an expression list 'e' with 'nexps'
+** expressions to 'nvars' values.
+*/
+static void adjust_assign (LexState *ls, int nvars, int nexps, expdesc *e) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int needed = nvars - nexps;  /* extra values needed */
+  if (hasmultret(e->k)) {  /* last expression has multiple returns? */
+    int extra = needed + 1;  /* discount last expression itself */
+    if (extra < 0)
+      extra = 0;
+    luaK_setreturns(fs, e, extra);  /* last exp. provides the difference */
+  }
+  else {
+    if (e->k != VVOID)  /* at least one expression? */
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, e);  /* close last expression */
+    if (needed > 0)  /* missing values? */
+      luaK_nil(fs, fs->freereg, needed);  /* complete with nils */
+  }
+  if (needed > 0)
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, needed);  /* registers for extra values */
+  else  /* adding 'needed' is actually a subtraction */
+    fs->freereg += needed;  /* remove extra values */
+}
+
+
+#define enterlevel(ls)	luaE_incCstack(ls->L)
+
+
+#define leavelevel(ls) ((ls)->L->nCcalls--)
+
+
+/*
+** Generates an error that a goto jumps into the scope of some
+** local variable.
+*/
+static l_noret jumpscopeerror (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *gt) {
+  const char *varname = getstr(getlocalvardesc(ls->fs, gt->nactvar)->vd.name);
+  const char *msg = "<goto %s> at line %d jumps into the scope of local '%s'";
+  msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(gt->name), gt->line, varname);
+  luaK_semerror(ls, msg);  /* raise the error */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Solves the goto at index 'g' to given 'label' and removes it
+** from the list of pending goto's.
+** If it jumps into the scope of some variable, raises an error.
+*/
+static void solvegoto (LexState *ls, int g, Labeldesc *label) {
+  int i;
+  Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;  /* list of goto's */
+  Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[g];  /* goto to be resolved */
+  lua_assert(eqstr(gt->name, label->name));
+  if (l_unlikely(gt->nactvar < label->nactvar))  /* enter some scope? */
+    jumpscopeerror(ls, gt);
+  luaK_patchlist(ls->fs, gt->pc, label->pc);
+  for (i = g; i < gl->n - 1; i++)  /* remove goto from pending list */
+    gl->arr[i] = gl->arr[i + 1];
+  gl->n--;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search for an active label with the given name.
+*/
+static Labeldesc *findlabel (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+  int i;
+  Dyndata *dyd = ls->dyd;
+  /* check labels in current function for a match */
+  for (i = ls->fs->firstlabel; i < dyd->label.n; i++) {
+    Labeldesc *lb = &dyd->label.arr[i];
+    if (eqstr(lb->name, name))  /* correct label? */
+      return lb;
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* label not found */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Adds a new label/goto in the corresponding list.
+*/
+static int newlabelentry (LexState *ls, Labellist *l, TString *name,
+                          int line, int pc) {
+  int n = l->n;
+  luaM_growvector(ls->L, l->arr, n, l->size,
+                  Labeldesc, SHRT_MAX, "labels/gotos");
+  l->arr[n].name = name;
+  l->arr[n].line = line;
+  l->arr[n].nactvar = ls->fs->nactvar;
+  l->arr[n].close = 0;
+  l->arr[n].pc = pc;
+  l->n = n + 1;
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static int newgotoentry (LexState *ls, TString *name, int line, int pc) {
+  return newlabelentry(ls, &ls->dyd->gt, name, line, pc);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Solves forward jumps. Check whether new label 'lb' matches any
+** pending gotos in current block and solves them. Return true
+** if any of the goto's need to close upvalues.
+*/
+static int solvegotos (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *lb) {
+  Labellist *gl = &ls->dyd->gt;
+  int i = ls->fs->bl->firstgoto;
+  int needsclose = 0;
+  while (i < gl->n) {
+    if (eqstr(gl->arr[i].name, lb->name)) {
+      needsclose |= gl->arr[i].close;
+      solvegoto(ls, i, lb);  /* will remove 'i' from the list */
+    }
+    else
+      i++;
+  }
+  return needsclose;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create a new label with the given 'name' at the given 'line'.
+** 'last' tells whether label is the last non-op statement in its
+** block. Solves all pending goto's to this new label and adds
+** a close instruction if necessary.
+** Returns true iff it added a close instruction.
+*/
+static int createlabel (LexState *ls, TString *name, int line,
+                        int last) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Labellist *ll = &ls->dyd->label;
+  int l = newlabelentry(ls, ll, name, line, luaK_getlabel(fs));
+  if (last) {  /* label is last no-op statement in the block? */
+    /* assume that locals are already out of scope */
+    ll->arr[l].nactvar = fs->bl->nactvar;
+  }
+  if (solvegotos(ls, &ll->arr[l])) {  /* need close? */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, luaY_nvarstack(fs), 0, 0);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Adjust pending gotos to outer level of a block.
+*/
+static void movegotosout (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+  int i;
+  Labellist *gl = &fs->ls->dyd->gt;
+  /* correct pending gotos to current block */
+  for (i = bl->firstgoto; i < gl->n; i++) {  /* for each pending goto */
+    Labeldesc *gt = &gl->arr[i];
+    /* leaving a variable scope? */
+    if (reglevel(fs, gt->nactvar) > reglevel(fs, bl->nactvar))
+      gt->close |= bl->upval;  /* jump may need a close */
+    gt->nactvar = bl->nactvar;  /* update goto level */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void enterblock (FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl, lu_byte isloop) {
+  bl->isloop = isloop;
+  bl->nactvar = fs->nactvar;
+  bl->firstlabel = fs->ls->dyd->label.n;
+  bl->firstgoto = fs->ls->dyd->gt.n;
+  bl->upval = 0;
+  bl->insidetbc = (fs->bl != NULL && fs->bl->insidetbc);
+  bl->previous = fs->bl;
+  fs->bl = bl;
+  lua_assert(fs->freereg == luaY_nvarstack(fs));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** generates an error for an undefined 'goto'.
+*/
+static l_noret undefgoto (LexState *ls, Labeldesc *gt) {
+  const char *msg;
+  if (eqstr(gt->name, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"))) {
+    msg = "break outside loop at line %d";
+    msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, gt->line);
+  }
+  else {
+    msg = "no visible label '%s' for <goto> at line %d";
+    msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(gt->name), gt->line);
+  }
+  luaK_semerror(ls, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void leaveblock (FuncState *fs) {
+  BlockCnt *bl = fs->bl;
+  LexState *ls = fs->ls;
+  int hasclose = 0;
+  int stklevel = reglevel(fs, bl->nactvar);  /* level outside the block */
+  if (bl->isloop)  /* fix pending breaks? */
+    hasclose = createlabel(ls, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"), 0, 0);
+  if (!hasclose && bl->previous && bl->upval)
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, stklevel, 0, 0);
+  fs->bl = bl->previous;
+  removevars(fs, bl->nactvar);
+  lua_assert(bl->nactvar == fs->nactvar);
+  fs->freereg = stklevel;  /* free registers */
+  ls->dyd->label.n = bl->firstlabel;  /* remove local labels */
+  if (bl->previous)  /* inner block? */
+    movegotosout(fs, bl);  /* update pending gotos to outer block */
+  else {
+    if (bl->firstgoto < ls->dyd->gt.n)  /* pending gotos in outer block? */
+      undefgoto(ls, &ls->dyd->gt.arr[bl->firstgoto]);  /* error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** adds a new prototype into list of prototypes
+*/
+static Proto *addprototype (LexState *ls) {
+  Proto *clp;
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;  /* prototype of current function */
+  if (fs->np >= f->sizep) {
+    int oldsize = f->sizep;
+    luaM_growvector(L, f->p, fs->np, f->sizep, Proto *, MAXARG_Bx, "functions");
+    while (oldsize < f->sizep)
+      f->p[oldsize++] = NULL;
+  }
+  f->p[fs->np++] = clp = luaF_newproto(L);
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, f, clp);
+  return clp;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** codes instruction to create new closure in parent function.
+** The OP_CLOSURE instruction uses the last available register,
+** so that, if it invokes the GC, the GC knows which registers
+** are in use at that time.
+
+*/
+static void codeclosure (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs->prev;
+  init_exp(v, VRELOC, luaK_codeABx(fs, OP_CLOSURE, 0, fs->np - 1));
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);  /* fix it at the last register */
+}
+
+
+static void open_func (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs, BlockCnt *bl) {
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  fs->prev = ls->fs;  /* linked list of funcstates */
+  fs->ls = ls;
+  ls->fs = fs;
+  fs->pc = 0;
+  fs->previousline = f->linedefined;
+  fs->iwthabs = 0;
+  fs->lasttarget = 0;
+  fs->freereg = 0;
+  fs->nk = 0;
+  fs->nabslineinfo = 0;
+  fs->np = 0;
+  fs->nups = 0;
+  fs->ndebugvars = 0;
+  fs->nactvar = 0;
+  fs->needclose = 0;
+  fs->firstlocal = ls->dyd->actvar.n;
+  fs->firstlabel = ls->dyd->label.n;
+  fs->bl = NULL;
+  f->source = ls->source;
+  luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, f, f->source);
+  f->maxstacksize = 2;  /* registers 0/1 are always valid */
+  enterblock(fs, bl, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void close_func (LexState *ls) {
+  lua_State *L = ls->L;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  luaK_ret(fs, luaY_nvarstack(fs), 0);  /* final return */
+  leaveblock(fs);
+  lua_assert(fs->bl == NULL);
+  luaK_finish(fs);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->code, f->sizecode, fs->pc, Instruction);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->lineinfo, f->sizelineinfo, fs->pc, ls_byte);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->abslineinfo, f->sizeabslineinfo,
+                       fs->nabslineinfo, AbsLineInfo);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->k, f->sizek, fs->nk, TValue);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->p, f->sizep, fs->np, Proto *);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->locvars, f->sizelocvars, fs->ndebugvars, LocVar);
+  luaM_shrinkvector(L, f->upvalues, f->sizeupvalues, fs->nups, Upvaldesc);
+  ls->fs = fs->prev;
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+}
+
+
+
+/*============================================================*/
+/* GRAMMAR RULES */
+/*============================================================*/
+
+
+/*
+** check whether current token is in the follow set of a block.
+** 'until' closes syntactical blocks, but do not close scope,
+** so it is handled in separate.
+*/
+static int block_follow (LexState *ls, int withuntil) {
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case TK_ELSE: case TK_ELSEIF:
+    case TK_END: case TK_EOS:
+      return 1;
+    case TK_UNTIL: return withuntil;
+    default: return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void statlist (LexState *ls) {
+  /* statlist -> { stat [';'] } */
+  while (!block_follow(ls, 1)) {
+    if (ls->t.token == TK_RETURN) {
+      statement(ls);
+      return;  /* 'return' must be last statement */
+    }
+    statement(ls);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void fieldsel (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* fieldsel -> ['.' | ':'] NAME */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc key;
+  luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip the dot or colon */
+  codename(ls, &key);
+  luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+}
+
+
+static void yindex (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* index -> '[' expr ']' */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip the '[' */
+  expr(ls, v);
+  luaK_exp2val(ls->fs, v);
+  checknext(ls, ']');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Constructors
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+typedef struct ConsControl {
+  expdesc v;  /* last list item read */
+  expdesc *t;  /* table descriptor */
+  int nh;  /* total number of 'record' elements */
+  int na;  /* number of array elements already stored */
+  int tostore;  /* number of array elements pending to be stored */
+} ConsControl;
+
+
+static void recfield (LexState *ls, ConsControl *cc) {
+  /* recfield -> (NAME | '['exp']') = exp */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int reg = ls->fs->freereg;
+  expdesc tab, key, val;
+  if (ls->t.token == TK_NAME) {
+    checklimit(fs, cc->nh, MAX_INT, "items in a constructor");
+    codename(ls, &key);
+  }
+  else  /* ls->t.token == '[' */
+    yindex(ls, &key);
+  cc->nh++;
+  checknext(ls, '=');
+  tab = *cc->t;
+  luaK_indexed(fs, &tab, &key);
+  expr(ls, &val);
+  luaK_storevar(fs, &tab, &val);
+  fs->freereg = reg;  /* free registers */
+}
+
+
+static void closelistfield (FuncState *fs, ConsControl *cc) {
+  if (cc->v.k == VVOID) return;  /* there is no list item */
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+  cc->v.k = VVOID;
+  if (cc->tostore == LFIELDS_PER_FLUSH) {
+    luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);  /* flush */
+    cc->na += cc->tostore;
+    cc->tostore = 0;  /* no more items pending */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void lastlistfield (FuncState *fs, ConsControl *cc) {
+  if (cc->tostore == 0) return;
+  if (hasmultret(cc->v.k)) {
+    luaK_setmultret(fs, &cc->v);
+    luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, LUA_MULTRET);
+    cc->na--;  /* do not count last expression (unknown number of elements) */
+  }
+  else {
+    if (cc->v.k != VVOID)
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &cc->v);
+    luaK_setlist(fs, cc->t->u.info, cc->na, cc->tostore);
+  }
+  cc->na += cc->tostore;
+}
+
+
+static void listfield (LexState *ls, ConsControl *cc) {
+  /* listfield -> exp */
+  expr(ls, &cc->v);
+  cc->tostore++;
+}
+
+
+static void field (LexState *ls, ConsControl *cc) {
+  /* field -> listfield | recfield */
+  switch(ls->t.token) {
+    case TK_NAME: {  /* may be 'listfield' or 'recfield' */
+      if (luaX_lookahead(ls) != '=')  /* expression? */
+        listfield(ls, cc);
+      else
+        recfield(ls, cc);
+      break;
+    }
+    case '[': {
+      recfield(ls, cc);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      listfield(ls, cc);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void constructor (LexState *ls, expdesc *t) {
+  /* constructor -> '{' [ field { sep field } [sep] ] '}'
+     sep -> ',' | ';' */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  int pc = luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_NEWTABLE, 0, 0, 0);
+  ConsControl cc;
+  luaK_code(fs, 0);  /* space for extra arg. */
+  cc.na = cc.nh = cc.tostore = 0;
+  cc.t = t;
+  init_exp(t, VNONRELOC, fs->freereg);  /* table will be at stack top */
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  init_exp(&cc.v, VVOID, 0);  /* no value (yet) */
+  checknext(ls, '{');
+  do {
+    lua_assert(cc.v.k == VVOID || cc.tostore > 0);
+    if (ls->t.token == '}') break;
+    closelistfield(fs, &cc);
+    field(ls, &cc);
+  } while (testnext(ls, ',') || testnext(ls, ';'));
+  check_match(ls, '}', '{', line);
+  lastlistfield(fs, &cc);
+  luaK_settablesize(fs, pc, t->u.info, cc.na, cc.nh);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+static void setvararg (FuncState *fs, int nparams) {
+  fs->f->is_vararg = 1;
+  luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARGPREP, nparams, 0, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void parlist (LexState *ls) {
+  /* parlist -> [ {NAME ','} (NAME | '...') ] */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  Proto *f = fs->f;
+  int nparams = 0;
+  int isvararg = 0;
+  if (ls->t.token != ')') {  /* is 'parlist' not empty? */
+    do {
+      switch (ls->t.token) {
+        case TK_NAME: {
+          new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+          nparams++;
+          break;
+        }
+        case TK_DOTS: {
+          luaX_next(ls);
+          isvararg = 1;
+          break;
+        }
+        default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "<name> or '...' expected");
+      }
+    } while (!isvararg && testnext(ls, ','));
+  }
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, nparams);
+  f->numparams = cast_byte(fs->nactvar);
+  if (isvararg)
+    setvararg(fs, f->numparams);  /* declared vararg */
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, fs->nactvar);  /* reserve registers for parameters */
+}
+
+
+static void body (LexState *ls, expdesc *e, int ismethod, int line) {
+  /* body ->  '(' parlist ')' block END */
+  FuncState new_fs;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  new_fs.f = addprototype(ls);
+  new_fs.f->linedefined = line;
+  open_func(ls, &new_fs, &bl);
+  checknext(ls, '(');
+  if (ismethod) {
+    new_localvarliteral(ls, "self");  /* create 'self' parameter */
+    adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);
+  }
+  parlist(ls);
+  checknext(ls, ')');
+  statlist(ls);
+  new_fs.f->lastlinedefined = ls->linenumber;
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FUNCTION, line);
+  codeclosure(ls, e);
+  close_func(ls);
+}
+
+
+static int explist (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* explist -> expr { ',' expr } */
+  int n = 1;  /* at least one expression */
+  expr(ls, v);
+  while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+    luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, v);
+    expr(ls, v);
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static void funcargs (LexState *ls, expdesc *f, int line) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc args;
+  int base, nparams;
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case '(': {  /* funcargs -> '(' [ explist ] ')' */
+      luaX_next(ls);
+      if (ls->t.token == ')')  /* arg list is empty? */
+        args.k = VVOID;
+      else {
+        explist(ls, &args);
+        if (hasmultret(args.k))
+          luaK_setmultret(fs, &args);
+      }
+      check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case '{': {  /* funcargs -> constructor */
+      constructor(ls, &args);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_STRING: {  /* funcargs -> STRING */
+      codestring(&args, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* must use 'seminfo' before 'next' */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "function arguments expected");
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert(f->k == VNONRELOC);
+  base = f->u.info;  /* base register for call */
+  if (hasmultret(args.k))
+    nparams = LUA_MULTRET;  /* open call */
+  else {
+    if (args.k != VVOID)
+      luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &args);  /* close last argument */
+    nparams = fs->freereg - (base+1);
+  }
+  init_exp(f, VCALL, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CALL, base, nparams+1, 2));
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  fs->freereg = base+1;  /* call remove function and arguments and leaves
+                            (unless changed) one result */
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Expression parsing
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void primaryexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* primaryexp -> NAME | '(' expr ')' */
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case '(': {
+      int line = ls->linenumber;
+      luaX_next(ls);
+      expr(ls, v);
+      check_match(ls, ')', '(', line);
+      luaK_dischargevars(ls->fs, v);
+      return;
+    }
+    case TK_NAME: {
+      singlevar(ls, v);
+      return;
+    }
+    default: {
+      luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "unexpected symbol");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void suffixedexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* suffixedexp ->
+       primaryexp { '.' NAME | '[' exp ']' | ':' NAME funcargs | funcargs } */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  primaryexp(ls, v);
+  for (;;) {
+    switch (ls->t.token) {
+      case '.': {  /* fieldsel */
+        fieldsel(ls, v);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '[': {  /* '[' exp ']' */
+        expdesc key;
+        luaK_exp2anyregup(fs, v);
+        yindex(ls, &key);
+        luaK_indexed(fs, v, &key);
+        break;
+      }
+      case ':': {  /* ':' NAME funcargs */
+        expdesc key;
+        luaX_next(ls);
+        codename(ls, &key);
+        luaK_self(fs, v, &key);
+        funcargs(ls, v, line);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '(': case TK_STRING: case '{': {  /* funcargs */
+        luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, v);
+        funcargs(ls, v, line);
+        break;
+      }
+      default: return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void simpleexp (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* simpleexp -> FLT | INT | STRING | NIL | TRUE | FALSE | ... |
+                  constructor | FUNCTION body | suffixedexp */
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case TK_FLT: {
+      init_exp(v, VKFLT, 0);
+      v->u.nval = ls->t.seminfo.r;
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_INT: {
+      init_exp(v, VKINT, 0);
+      v->u.ival = ls->t.seminfo.i;
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_STRING: {
+      codestring(v, ls->t.seminfo.ts);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_NIL: {
+      init_exp(v, VNIL, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_TRUE: {
+      init_exp(v, VTRUE, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_FALSE: {
+      init_exp(v, VFALSE, 0);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_DOTS: {  /* vararg */
+      FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+      check_condition(ls, fs->f->is_vararg,
+                      "cannot use '...' outside a vararg function");
+      init_exp(v, VVARARG, luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_VARARG, 0, 0, 1));
+      break;
+    }
+    case '{': {  /* constructor */
+      constructor(ls, v);
+      return;
+    }
+    case TK_FUNCTION: {
+      luaX_next(ls);
+      body(ls, v, 0, ls->linenumber);
+      return;
+    }
+    default: {
+      suffixedexp(ls, v);
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+  luaX_next(ls);
+}
+
+
+static UnOpr getunopr (int op) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case TK_NOT: return OPR_NOT;
+    case '-': return OPR_MINUS;
+    case '~': return OPR_BNOT;
+    case '#': return OPR_LEN;
+    default: return OPR_NOUNOPR;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static BinOpr getbinopr (int op) {
+  switch (op) {
+    case '+': return OPR_ADD;
+    case '-': return OPR_SUB;
+    case '*': return OPR_MUL;
+    case '%': return OPR_MOD;
+    case '^': return OPR_POW;
+    case '/': return OPR_DIV;
+    case TK_IDIV: return OPR_IDIV;
+    case '&': return OPR_BAND;
+    case '|': return OPR_BOR;
+    case '~': return OPR_BXOR;
+    case TK_SHL: return OPR_SHL;
+    case TK_SHR: return OPR_SHR;
+    case TK_CONCAT: return OPR_CONCAT;
+    case TK_NE: return OPR_NE;
+    case TK_EQ: return OPR_EQ;
+    case '<': return OPR_LT;
+    case TK_LE: return OPR_LE;
+    case '>': return OPR_GT;
+    case TK_GE: return OPR_GE;
+    case TK_AND: return OPR_AND;
+    case TK_OR: return OPR_OR;
+    default: return OPR_NOBINOPR;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Priority table for binary operators.
+*/
+static const struct {
+  lu_byte left;  /* left priority for each binary operator */
+  lu_byte right; /* right priority */
+} priority[] = {  /* ORDER OPR */
+   {10, 10}, {10, 10},           /* '+' '-' */
+   {11, 11}, {11, 11},           /* '*' '%' */
+   {14, 13},                  /* '^' (right associative) */
+   {11, 11}, {11, 11},           /* '/' '//' */
+   {6, 6}, {4, 4}, {5, 5},   /* '&' '|' '~' */
+   {7, 7}, {7, 7},           /* '<<' '>>' */
+   {9, 8},                   /* '..' (right associative) */
+   {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3},   /* ==, <, <= */
+   {3, 3}, {3, 3}, {3, 3},   /* ~=, >, >= */
+   {2, 2}, {1, 1}            /* and, or */
+};
+
+#define UNARY_PRIORITY	12  /* priority for unary operators */
+
+
+/*
+** subexpr -> (simpleexp | unop subexpr) { binop subexpr }
+** where 'binop' is any binary operator with a priority higher than 'limit'
+*/
+static BinOpr subexpr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v, int limit) {
+  BinOpr op;
+  UnOpr uop;
+  enterlevel(ls);
+  uop = getunopr(ls->t.token);
+  if (uop != OPR_NOUNOPR) {  /* prefix (unary) operator? */
+    int line = ls->linenumber;
+    luaX_next(ls);  /* skip operator */
+    subexpr(ls, v, UNARY_PRIORITY);
+    luaK_prefix(ls->fs, uop, v, line);
+  }
+  else simpleexp(ls, v);
+  /* expand while operators have priorities higher than 'limit' */
+  op = getbinopr(ls->t.token);
+  while (op != OPR_NOBINOPR && priority[op].left > limit) {
+    expdesc v2;
+    BinOpr nextop;
+    int line = ls->linenumber;
+    luaX_next(ls);  /* skip operator */
+    luaK_infix(ls->fs, op, v);
+    /* read sub-expression with higher priority */
+    nextop = subexpr(ls, &v2, priority[op].right);
+    luaK_posfix(ls->fs, op, v, &v2, line);
+    op = nextop;
+  }
+  leavelevel(ls);
+  return op;  /* return first untreated operator */
+}
+
+
+static void expr (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  subexpr(ls, v, 0);
+}
+
+/* }==================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Rules for Statements
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+static void block (LexState *ls) {
+  /* block -> statlist */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+  statlist(ls);
+  leaveblock(fs);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** structure to chain all variables in the left-hand side of an
+** assignment
+*/
+struct LHS_assign {
+  struct LHS_assign *prev;
+  expdesc v;  /* variable (global, local, upvalue, or indexed) */
+};
+
+
+/*
+** check whether, in an assignment to an upvalue/local variable, the
+** upvalue/local variable is begin used in a previous assignment to a
+** table. If so, save original upvalue/local value in a safe place and
+** use this safe copy in the previous assignment.
+*/
+static void check_conflict (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, expdesc *v) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int extra = fs->freereg;  /* eventual position to save local variable */
+  int conflict = 0;
+  for (; lh; lh = lh->prev) {  /* check all previous assignments */
+    if (vkisindexed(lh->v.k)) {  /* assignment to table field? */
+      if (lh->v.k == VINDEXUP) {  /* is table an upvalue? */
+        if (v->k == VUPVAL && lh->v.u.ind.t == v->u.info) {
+          conflict = 1;  /* table is the upvalue being assigned now */
+          lh->v.k = VINDEXSTR;
+          lh->v.u.ind.t = extra;  /* assignment will use safe copy */
+        }
+      }
+      else {  /* table is a register */
+        if (v->k == VLOCAL && lh->v.u.ind.t == v->u.var.ridx) {
+          conflict = 1;  /* table is the local being assigned now */
+          lh->v.u.ind.t = extra;  /* assignment will use safe copy */
+        }
+        /* is index the local being assigned? */
+        if (lh->v.k == VINDEXED && v->k == VLOCAL &&
+            lh->v.u.ind.idx == v->u.var.ridx) {
+          conflict = 1;
+          lh->v.u.ind.idx = extra;  /* previous assignment will use safe copy */
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  if (conflict) {
+    /* copy upvalue/local value to a temporary (in position 'extra') */
+    if (v->k == VLOCAL)
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_MOVE, extra, v->u.var.ridx, 0);
+    else
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_GETUPVAL, extra, v->u.info, 0);
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  }
+}
+
+/*
+** Parse and compile a multiple assignment. The first "variable"
+** (a 'suffixedexp') was already read by the caller.
+**
+** assignment -> suffixedexp restassign
+** restassign -> ',' suffixedexp restassign | '=' explist
+*/
+static void restassign (LexState *ls, struct LHS_assign *lh, int nvars) {
+  expdesc e;
+  check_condition(ls, vkisvar(lh->v.k), "syntax error");
+  check_readonly(ls, &lh->v);
+  if (testnext(ls, ',')) {  /* restassign -> ',' suffixedexp restassign */
+    struct LHS_assign nv;
+    nv.prev = lh;
+    suffixedexp(ls, &nv.v);
+    if (!vkisindexed(nv.v.k))
+      check_conflict(ls, lh, &nv.v);
+    enterlevel(ls);  /* control recursion depth */
+    restassign(ls, &nv, nvars+1);
+    leavelevel(ls);
+  }
+  else {  /* restassign -> '=' explist */
+    int nexps;
+    checknext(ls, '=');
+    nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+    if (nexps != nvars)
+      adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+    else {
+      luaK_setoneret(ls->fs, &e);  /* close last expression */
+      luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+      return;  /* avoid default */
+    }
+  }
+  init_exp(&e, VNONRELOC, ls->fs->freereg-1);  /* default assignment */
+  luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &lh->v, &e);
+}
+
+
+static int cond (LexState *ls) {
+  /* cond -> exp */
+  expdesc v;
+  expr(ls, &v);  /* read condition */
+  if (v.k == VNIL) v.k = VFALSE;  /* 'falses' are all equal here */
+  luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);
+  return v.f;
+}
+
+
+static void gotostat (LexState *ls) {
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  TString *name = str_checkname(ls);  /* label's name */
+  Labeldesc *lb = findlabel(ls, name);
+  if (lb == NULL)  /* no label? */
+    /* forward jump; will be resolved when the label is declared */
+    newgotoentry(ls, name, line, luaK_jump(fs));
+  else {  /* found a label */
+    /* backward jump; will be resolved here */
+    int lblevel = reglevel(fs, lb->nactvar);  /* label level */
+    if (luaY_nvarstack(fs) > lblevel)  /* leaving the scope of a variable? */
+      luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, lblevel, 0, 0);
+    /* create jump and link it to the label */
+    luaK_patchlist(fs, luaK_jump(fs), lb->pc);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Break statement. Semantically equivalent to "goto break".
+*/
+static void breakstat (LexState *ls) {
+  int line = ls->linenumber;
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip break */
+  newgotoentry(ls, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"), line, luaK_jump(ls->fs));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether there is already a label with the given 'name'.
+*/
+static void checkrepeated (LexState *ls, TString *name) {
+  Labeldesc *lb = findlabel(ls, name);
+  if (l_unlikely(lb != NULL)) {  /* already defined? */
+    const char *msg = "label '%s' already defined on line %d";
+    msg = luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, msg, getstr(name), lb->line);
+    luaK_semerror(ls, msg);  /* error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void labelstat (LexState *ls, TString *name, int line) {
+  /* label -> '::' NAME '::' */
+  checknext(ls, TK_DBCOLON);  /* skip double colon */
+  while (ls->t.token == ';' || ls->t.token == TK_DBCOLON)
+    statement(ls);  /* skip other no-op statements */
+  checkrepeated(ls, name);  /* check for repeated labels */
+  createlabel(ls, name, line, block_follow(ls, 0));
+}
+
+
+static void whilestat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* whilestat -> WHILE cond DO block END */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int whileinit;
+  int condexit;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip WHILE */
+  whileinit = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+  condexit = cond(ls);
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);
+  checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+  block(ls);
+  luaK_jumpto(fs, whileinit);
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_WHILE, line);
+  leaveblock(fs);
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit);  /* false conditions finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+static void repeatstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* repeatstat -> REPEAT block UNTIL cond */
+  int condexit;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int repeat_init = luaK_getlabel(fs);
+  BlockCnt bl1, bl2;
+  enterblock(fs, &bl1, 1);  /* loop block */
+  enterblock(fs, &bl2, 0);  /* scope block */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip REPEAT */
+  statlist(ls);
+  check_match(ls, TK_UNTIL, TK_REPEAT, line);
+  condexit = cond(ls);  /* read condition (inside scope block) */
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* finish scope */
+  if (bl2.upval) {  /* upvalues? */
+    int exit = luaK_jump(fs);  /* normal exit must jump over fix */
+    luaK_patchtohere(fs, condexit);  /* repetition must close upvalues */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_CLOSE, reglevel(fs, bl2.nactvar), 0, 0);
+    condexit = luaK_jump(fs);  /* repeat after closing upvalues */
+    luaK_patchtohere(fs, exit);  /* normal exit comes to here */
+  }
+  luaK_patchlist(fs, condexit, repeat_init);  /* close the loop */
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* finish loop */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read an expression and generate code to put its results in next
+** stack slot.
+**
+*/
+static void exp1 (LexState *ls) {
+  expdesc e;
+  expr(ls, &e);
+  luaK_exp2nextreg(ls->fs, &e);
+  lua_assert(e.k == VNONRELOC);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Fix for instruction at position 'pc' to jump to 'dest'.
+** (Jump addresses are relative in Lua). 'back' true means
+** a back jump.
+*/
+static void fixforjump (FuncState *fs, int pc, int dest, int back) {
+  Instruction *jmp = &fs->f->code[pc];
+  int offset = dest - (pc + 1);
+  if (back)
+    offset = -offset;
+  if (l_unlikely(offset > MAXARG_Bx))
+    luaX_syntaxerror(fs->ls, "control structure too long");
+  SETARG_Bx(*jmp, offset);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generate code for a 'for' loop.
+*/
+static void forbody (LexState *ls, int base, int line, int nvars, int isgen) {
+  /* forbody -> DO block */
+  static const OpCode forprep[2] = {OP_FORPREP, OP_TFORPREP};
+  static const OpCode forloop[2] = {OP_FORLOOP, OP_TFORLOOP};
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int prep, endfor;
+  checknext(ls, TK_DO);
+  prep = luaK_codeABx(fs, forprep[isgen], base, 0);
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);  /* scope for declared variables */
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+  luaK_reserveregs(fs, nvars);
+  block(ls);
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* end of scope for declared variables */
+  fixforjump(fs, prep, luaK_getlabel(fs), 0);
+  if (isgen) {  /* generic for? */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TFORCALL, base, 0, nvars);
+    luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+  }
+  endfor = luaK_codeABx(fs, forloop[isgen], base, 0);
+  fixforjump(fs, endfor, prep + 1, 1);
+  luaK_fixline(fs, line);
+}
+
+
+static void fornum (LexState *ls, TString *varname, int line) {
+  /* fornum -> NAME = exp,exp[,exp] forbody */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int base = fs->freereg;
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvar(ls, varname);
+  checknext(ls, '=');
+  exp1(ls);  /* initial value */
+  checknext(ls, ',');
+  exp1(ls);  /* limit */
+  if (testnext(ls, ','))
+    exp1(ls);  /* optional step */
+  else {  /* default step = 1 */
+    luaK_int(fs, fs->freereg, 1);
+    luaK_reserveregs(fs, 1);
+  }
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, 3);  /* control variables */
+  forbody(ls, base, line, 1, 0);
+}
+
+
+static void forlist (LexState *ls, TString *indexname) {
+  /* forlist -> NAME {,NAME} IN explist forbody */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc e;
+  int nvars = 5;  /* gen, state, control, toclose, 'indexname' */
+  int line;
+  int base = fs->freereg;
+  /* create control variables */
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  new_localvarliteral(ls, "(for state)");
+  /* create declared variables */
+  new_localvar(ls, indexname);
+  while (testnext(ls, ',')) {
+    new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+    nvars++;
+  }
+  checknext(ls, TK_IN);
+  line = ls->linenumber;
+  adjust_assign(ls, 4, explist(ls, &e), &e);
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, 4);  /* control variables */
+  markupval(fs, fs->nactvar);  /* last control var. must be closed */
+  luaK_checkstack(fs, 3);  /* extra space to call generator */
+  forbody(ls, base, line, nvars - 4, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void forstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* forstat -> FOR (fornum | forlist) END */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  TString *varname;
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  enterblock(fs, &bl, 1);  /* scope for loop and control variables */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip 'for' */
+  varname = str_checkname(ls);  /* first variable name */
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case '=': fornum(ls, varname, line); break;
+    case ',': case TK_IN: forlist(ls, varname); break;
+    default: luaX_syntaxerror(ls, "'=' or 'in' expected");
+  }
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_FOR, line);
+  leaveblock(fs);  /* loop scope ('break' jumps to this point) */
+}
+
+
+static void test_then_block (LexState *ls, int *escapelist) {
+  /* test_then_block -> [IF | ELSEIF] cond THEN block */
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc v;
+  int jf;  /* instruction to skip 'then' code (if condition is false) */
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip IF or ELSEIF */
+  expr(ls, &v);  /* read condition */
+  checknext(ls, TK_THEN);
+  if (ls->t.token == TK_BREAK) {  /* 'if x then break' ? */
+    int line = ls->linenumber;
+    luaK_goiffalse(ls->fs, &v);  /* will jump if condition is true */
+    luaX_next(ls);  /* skip 'break' */
+    enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);  /* must enter block before 'goto' */
+    newgotoentry(ls, luaS_newliteral(ls->L, "break"), line, v.t);
+    while (testnext(ls, ';')) {}  /* skip semicolons */
+    if (block_follow(ls, 0)) {  /* jump is the entire block? */
+      leaveblock(fs);
+      return;  /* and that is it */
+    }
+    else  /* must skip over 'then' part if condition is false */
+      jf = luaK_jump(fs);
+  }
+  else {  /* regular case (not a break) */
+    luaK_goiftrue(ls->fs, &v);  /* skip over block if condition is false */
+    enterblock(fs, &bl, 0);
+    jf = v.f;
+  }
+  statlist(ls);  /* 'then' part */
+  leaveblock(fs);
+  if (ls->t.token == TK_ELSE ||
+      ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF)  /* followed by 'else'/'elseif'? */
+    luaK_concat(fs, escapelist, luaK_jump(fs));  /* must jump over it */
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, jf);
+}
+
+
+static void ifstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* ifstat -> IF cond THEN block {ELSEIF cond THEN block} [ELSE block] END */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int escapelist = NO_JUMP;  /* exit list for finished parts */
+  test_then_block(ls, &escapelist);  /* IF cond THEN block */
+  while (ls->t.token == TK_ELSEIF)
+    test_then_block(ls, &escapelist);  /* ELSEIF cond THEN block */
+  if (testnext(ls, TK_ELSE))
+    block(ls);  /* 'else' part */
+  check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_IF, line);
+  luaK_patchtohere(fs, escapelist);  /* patch escape list to 'if' end */
+}
+
+
+static void localfunc (LexState *ls) {
+  expdesc b;
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int fvar = fs->nactvar;  /* function's variable index */
+  new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));  /* new local variable */
+  adjustlocalvars(ls, 1);  /* enter its scope */
+  body(ls, &b, 0, ls->linenumber);  /* function created in next register */
+  /* debug information will only see the variable after this point! */
+  localdebuginfo(fs, fvar)->startpc = fs->pc;
+}
+
+
+static int getlocalattribute (LexState *ls) {
+  /* ATTRIB -> ['<' Name '>'] */
+  if (testnext(ls, '<')) {
+    const char *attr = getstr(str_checkname(ls));
+    checknext(ls, '>');
+    if (strcmp(attr, "const") == 0)
+      return RDKCONST;  /* read-only variable */
+    else if (strcmp(attr, "close") == 0)
+      return RDKTOCLOSE;  /* to-be-closed variable */
+    else
+      luaK_semerror(ls,
+        luaO_pushfstring(ls->L, "unknown attribute '%s'", attr));
+  }
+  return VDKREG;  /* regular variable */
+}
+
+
+static void checktoclose (LexState *ls, int level) {
+  if (level != -1) {  /* is there a to-be-closed variable? */
+    FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+    markupval(fs, level + 1);
+    fs->bl->insidetbc = 1;  /* in the scope of a to-be-closed variable */
+    luaK_codeABC(fs, OP_TBC, reglevel(fs, level), 0, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void localstat (LexState *ls) {
+  /* stat -> LOCAL NAME ATTRIB { ',' NAME ATTRIB } ['=' explist] */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  int toclose = -1;  /* index of to-be-closed variable (if any) */
+  Vardesc *var;  /* last variable */
+  int vidx, kind;  /* index and kind of last variable */
+  int nvars = 0;
+  int nexps;
+  expdesc e;
+  do {
+    vidx = new_localvar(ls, str_checkname(ls));
+    kind = getlocalattribute(ls);
+    getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx)->vd.kind = kind;
+    if (kind == RDKTOCLOSE) {  /* to-be-closed? */
+      if (toclose != -1)  /* one already present? */
+        luaK_semerror(ls, "multiple to-be-closed variables in local list");
+      toclose = fs->nactvar + nvars;
+    }
+    nvars++;
+  } while (testnext(ls, ','));
+  if (testnext(ls, '='))
+    nexps = explist(ls, &e);
+  else {
+    e.k = VVOID;
+    nexps = 0;
+  }
+  var = getlocalvardesc(fs, vidx);  /* get last variable */
+  if (nvars == nexps &&  /* no adjustments? */
+      var->vd.kind == RDKCONST &&  /* last variable is const? */
+      luaK_exp2const(fs, &e, &var->k)) {  /* compile-time constant? */
+    var->vd.kind = RDKCTC;  /* variable is a compile-time constant */
+    adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars - 1);  /* exclude last variable */
+    fs->nactvar++;  /* but count it */
+  }
+  else {
+    adjust_assign(ls, nvars, nexps, &e);
+    adjustlocalvars(ls, nvars);
+  }
+  checktoclose(ls, toclose);
+}
+
+
+static int funcname (LexState *ls, expdesc *v) {
+  /* funcname -> NAME {fieldsel} [':' NAME] */
+  int ismethod = 0;
+  singlevar(ls, v);
+  while (ls->t.token == '.')
+    fieldsel(ls, v);
+  if (ls->t.token == ':') {
+    ismethod = 1;
+    fieldsel(ls, v);
+  }
+  return ismethod;
+}
+
+
+static void funcstat (LexState *ls, int line) {
+  /* funcstat -> FUNCTION funcname body */
+  int ismethod;
+  expdesc v, b;
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* skip FUNCTION */
+  ismethod = funcname(ls, &v);
+  body(ls, &b, ismethod, line);
+  luaK_storevar(ls->fs, &v, &b);
+  luaK_fixline(ls->fs, line);  /* definition "happens" in the first line */
+}
+
+
+static void exprstat (LexState *ls) {
+  /* stat -> func | assignment */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  struct LHS_assign v;
+  suffixedexp(ls, &v.v);
+  if (ls->t.token == '=' || ls->t.token == ',') { /* stat -> assignment ? */
+    v.prev = NULL;
+    restassign(ls, &v, 1);
+  }
+  else {  /* stat -> func */
+    Instruction *inst;
+    check_condition(ls, v.v.k == VCALL, "syntax error");
+    inst = &getinstruction(fs, &v.v);
+    SETARG_C(*inst, 1);  /* call statement uses no results */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void retstat (LexState *ls) {
+  /* stat -> RETURN [explist] [';'] */
+  FuncState *fs = ls->fs;
+  expdesc e;
+  int nret;  /* number of values being returned */
+  int first = luaY_nvarstack(fs);  /* first slot to be returned */
+  if (block_follow(ls, 1) || ls->t.token == ';')
+    nret = 0;  /* return no values */
+  else {
+    nret = explist(ls, &e);  /* optional return values */
+    if (hasmultret(e.k)) {
+      luaK_setmultret(fs, &e);
+      if (e.k == VCALL && nret == 1 && !fs->bl->insidetbc) {  /* tail call? */
+        SET_OPCODE(getinstruction(fs,&e), OP_TAILCALL);
+        lua_assert(GETARG_A(getinstruction(fs,&e)) == luaY_nvarstack(fs));
+      }
+      nret = LUA_MULTRET;  /* return all values */
+    }
+    else {
+      if (nret == 1)  /* only one single value? */
+        first = luaK_exp2anyreg(fs, &e);  /* can use original slot */
+      else {  /* values must go to the top of the stack */
+        luaK_exp2nextreg(fs, &e);
+        lua_assert(nret == fs->freereg - first);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  luaK_ret(fs, first, nret);
+  testnext(ls, ';');  /* skip optional semicolon */
+}
+
+
+static void statement (LexState *ls) {
+  int line = ls->linenumber;  /* may be needed for error messages */
+  enterlevel(ls);
+  switch (ls->t.token) {
+    case ';': {  /* stat -> ';' (empty statement) */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip ';' */
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_IF: {  /* stat -> ifstat */
+      ifstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_WHILE: {  /* stat -> whilestat */
+      whilestat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_DO: {  /* stat -> DO block END */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip DO */
+      block(ls);
+      check_match(ls, TK_END, TK_DO, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_FOR: {  /* stat -> forstat */
+      forstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_REPEAT: {  /* stat -> repeatstat */
+      repeatstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_FUNCTION: {  /* stat -> funcstat */
+      funcstat(ls, line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_LOCAL: {  /* stat -> localstat */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip LOCAL */
+      if (testnext(ls, TK_FUNCTION))  /* local function? */
+        localfunc(ls);
+      else
+        localstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_DBCOLON: {  /* stat -> label */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip double colon */
+      labelstat(ls, str_checkname(ls), line);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_RETURN: {  /* stat -> retstat */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip RETURN */
+      retstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_BREAK: {  /* stat -> breakstat */
+      breakstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    case TK_GOTO: {  /* stat -> 'goto' NAME */
+      luaX_next(ls);  /* skip 'goto' */
+      gotostat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {  /* stat -> func | assignment */
+      exprstat(ls);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert(ls->fs->f->maxstacksize >= ls->fs->freereg &&
+             ls->fs->freereg >= luaY_nvarstack(ls->fs));
+  ls->fs->freereg = luaY_nvarstack(ls->fs);  /* free registers */
+  leavelevel(ls);
+}
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** compiles the main function, which is a regular vararg function with an
+** upvalue named LUA_ENV
+*/
+static void mainfunc (LexState *ls, FuncState *fs) {
+  BlockCnt bl;
+  Upvaldesc *env;
+  open_func(ls, fs, &bl);
+  setvararg(fs, 0);  /* main function is always declared vararg */
+  env = allocupvalue(fs);  /* ...set environment upvalue */
+  env->instack = 1;
+  env->idx = 0;
+  env->kind = VDKREG;
+  env->name = ls->envn;
+  luaC_objbarrier(ls->L, fs->f, env->name);
+  luaX_next(ls);  /* read first token */
+  statlist(ls);  /* parse main body */
+  check(ls, TK_EOS);
+  close_func(ls);
+}
+
+
+LClosure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+                       Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar) {
+  LexState lexstate;
+  FuncState funcstate;
+  LClosure *cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, 1);  /* create main closure */
+  setclLvalue2s(L, L->top, cl);  /* anchor it (to avoid being collected) */
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  lexstate.h = luaH_new(L);  /* create table for scanner */
+  sethvalue2s(L, L->top, lexstate.h);  /* anchor it */
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  funcstate.f = cl->p = luaF_newproto(L);
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, cl->p);
+  funcstate.f->source = luaS_new(L, name);  /* create and anchor TString */
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, funcstate.f, funcstate.f->source);
+  lexstate.buff = buff;
+  lexstate.dyd = dyd;
+  dyd->actvar.n = dyd->gt.n = dyd->label.n = 0;
+  luaX_setinput(L, &lexstate, z, funcstate.f->source, firstchar);
+  mainfunc(&lexstate, &funcstate);
+  lua_assert(!funcstate.prev && funcstate.nups == 1 && !lexstate.fs);
+  /* all scopes should be correctly finished */
+  lua_assert(dyd->actvar.n == 0 && dyd->gt.n == 0 && dyd->label.n == 0);
+  L->top--;  /* remove scanner's table */
+  return cl;  /* closure is on the stack, too */
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lparser.h b/external/lua/src/lparser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e4500f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lparser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lparser.h $
+** Lua Parser
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lparser_h
+#define lparser_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Expression and variable descriptor.
+** Code generation for variables and expressions can be delayed to allow
+** optimizations; An 'expdesc' structure describes a potentially-delayed
+** variable/expression. It has a description of its "main" value plus a
+** list of conditional jumps that can also produce its value (generated
+** by short-circuit operators 'and'/'or').
+*/
+
+/* kinds of variables/expressions */
+typedef enum {
+  VVOID,  /* when 'expdesc' describes the last expression of a list,
+             this kind means an empty list (so, no expression) */
+  VNIL,  /* constant nil */
+  VTRUE,  /* constant true */
+  VFALSE,  /* constant false */
+  VK,  /* constant in 'k'; info = index of constant in 'k' */
+  VKFLT,  /* floating constant; nval = numerical float value */
+  VKINT,  /* integer constant; ival = numerical integer value */
+  VKSTR,  /* string constant; strval = TString address;
+             (string is fixed by the lexer) */
+  VNONRELOC,  /* expression has its value in a fixed register;
+                 info = result register */
+  VLOCAL,  /* local variable; var.ridx = register index;
+              var.vidx = relative index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VUPVAL,  /* upvalue variable; info = index of upvalue in 'upvalues' */
+  VCONST,  /* compile-time <const> variable;
+              info = absolute index in 'actvar.arr'  */
+  VINDEXED,  /* indexed variable;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's R index */
+  VINDEXUP,  /* indexed upvalue;
+                ind.t = table upvalue;
+                ind.idx = key's K index */
+  VINDEXI, /* indexed variable with constant integer;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's value */
+  VINDEXSTR, /* indexed variable with literal string;
+                ind.t = table register;
+                ind.idx = key's K index */
+  VJMP,  /* expression is a test/comparison;
+            info = pc of corresponding jump instruction */
+  VRELOC,  /* expression can put result in any register;
+              info = instruction pc */
+  VCALL,  /* expression is a function call; info = instruction pc */
+  VVARARG  /* vararg expression; info = instruction pc */
+} expkind;
+
+
+#define vkisvar(k)	(VLOCAL <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXSTR)
+#define vkisindexed(k)	(VINDEXED <= (k) && (k) <= VINDEXSTR)
+
+
+typedef struct expdesc {
+  expkind k;
+  union {
+    lua_Integer ival;    /* for VKINT */
+    lua_Number nval;  /* for VKFLT */
+    TString *strval;  /* for VKSTR */
+    int info;  /* for generic use */
+    struct {  /* for indexed variables */
+      short idx;  /* index (R or "long" K) */
+      lu_byte t;  /* table (register or upvalue) */
+    } ind;
+    struct {  /* for local variables */
+      lu_byte ridx;  /* register holding the variable */
+      unsigned short vidx;  /* compiler index (in 'actvar.arr')  */
+    } var;
+  } u;
+  int t;  /* patch list of 'exit when true' */
+  int f;  /* patch list of 'exit when false' */
+} expdesc;
+
+
+/* kinds of variables */
+#define VDKREG		0   /* regular */
+#define RDKCONST	1   /* constant */
+#define RDKTOCLOSE	2   /* to-be-closed */
+#define RDKCTC		3   /* compile-time constant */
+
+/* description of an active local variable */
+typedef union Vardesc {
+  struct {
+    TValuefields;  /* constant value (if it is a compile-time constant) */
+    lu_byte kind;
+    lu_byte ridx;  /* register holding the variable */
+    short pidx;  /* index of the variable in the Proto's 'locvars' array */
+    TString *name;  /* variable name */
+  } vd;
+  TValue k;  /* constant value (if any) */
+} Vardesc;
+
+
+
+/* description of pending goto statements and label statements */
+typedef struct Labeldesc {
+  TString *name;  /* label identifier */
+  int pc;  /* position in code */
+  int line;  /* line where it appeared */
+  lu_byte nactvar;  /* number of active variables in that position */
+  lu_byte close;  /* goto that escapes upvalues */
+} Labeldesc;
+
+
+/* list of labels or gotos */
+typedef struct Labellist {
+  Labeldesc *arr;  /* array */
+  int n;  /* number of entries in use */
+  int size;  /* array size */
+} Labellist;
+
+
+/* dynamic structures used by the parser */
+typedef struct Dyndata {
+  struct {  /* list of all active local variables */
+    Vardesc *arr;
+    int n;
+    int size;
+  } actvar;
+  Labellist gt;  /* list of pending gotos */
+  Labellist label;   /* list of active labels */
+} Dyndata;
+
+
+/* control of blocks */
+struct BlockCnt;  /* defined in lparser.c */
+
+
+/* state needed to generate code for a given function */
+typedef struct FuncState {
+  Proto *f;  /* current function header */
+  struct FuncState *prev;  /* enclosing function */
+  struct LexState *ls;  /* lexical state */
+  struct BlockCnt *bl;  /* chain of current blocks */
+  int pc;  /* next position to code (equivalent to 'ncode') */
+  int lasttarget;   /* 'label' of last 'jump label' */
+  int previousline;  /* last line that was saved in 'lineinfo' */
+  int nk;  /* number of elements in 'k' */
+  int np;  /* number of elements in 'p' */
+  int nabslineinfo;  /* number of elements in 'abslineinfo' */
+  int firstlocal;  /* index of first local var (in Dyndata array) */
+  int firstlabel;  /* index of first label (in 'dyd->label->arr') */
+  short ndebugvars;  /* number of elements in 'f->locvars' */
+  lu_byte nactvar;  /* number of active local variables */
+  lu_byte nups;  /* number of upvalues */
+  lu_byte freereg;  /* first free register */
+  lu_byte iwthabs;  /* instructions issued since last absolute line info */
+  lu_byte needclose;  /* function needs to close upvalues when returning */
+} FuncState;
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaY_nvarstack (FuncState *fs);
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure *luaY_parser (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, Mbuffer *buff,
+                                 Dyndata *dyd, const char *name, int firstchar);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lprefix.h b/external/lua/src/lprefix.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..484f2ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lprefix.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lprefix.h $
+** Definitions for Lua code that must come before any other header file
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lprefix_h
+#define lprefix_h
+
+
+/*
+** Allows POSIX/XSI stuff
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)	/* { */
+
+#if !defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE)
+#define _XOPEN_SOURCE           600
+#elif _XOPEN_SOURCE == 0
+#undef _XOPEN_SOURCE  /* use -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=0 to undefine it */
+#endif
+
+/*
+** Allows manipulation of large files in gcc and some other compilers
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_32BITS) && !defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS)
+#define _LARGEFILE_SOURCE       1
+#define _FILE_OFFSET_BITS       64
+#endif
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Windows stuff
+*/
+#if defined(_WIN32)	/* { */
+
+#if !defined(_CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS)
+#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS  /* avoid warnings about ISO C functions */
+#endif
+
+#endif			/* } */
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lstate.c b/external/lua/src/lstate.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5e3b43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lstate.c
@@ -0,0 +1,439 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.c $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lstate_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lapi.h"
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "llex.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+
+/*
+** thread state + extra space
+*/
+typedef struct LX {
+  lu_byte extra_[LUA_EXTRASPACE];
+  lua_State l;
+} LX;
+
+
+/*
+** Main thread combines a thread state and the global state
+*/
+typedef struct LG {
+  LX l;
+  global_State g;
+} LG;
+
+
+
+#define fromstate(L)	(cast(LX *, cast(lu_byte *, (L)) - offsetof(LX, l)))
+
+
+/*
+** A macro to create a "random" seed when a state is created;
+** the seed is used to randomize string hashes.
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_makeseed)
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+/*
+** Compute an initial seed with some level of randomness.
+** Rely on Address Space Layout Randomization (if present) and
+** current time.
+*/
+#define addbuff(b,p,e) \
+  { size_t t = cast_sizet(e); \
+    memcpy(b + p, &t, sizeof(t)); p += sizeof(t); }
+
+static unsigned int luai_makeseed (lua_State *L) {
+  char buff[3 * sizeof(size_t)];
+  unsigned int h = cast_uint(time(NULL));
+  int p = 0;
+  addbuff(buff, p, L);  /* heap variable */
+  addbuff(buff, p, &h);  /* local variable */
+  addbuff(buff, p, &lua_newstate);  /* public function */
+  lua_assert(p == sizeof(buff));
+  return luaS_hash(buff, p, h);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** set GCdebt to a new value keeping the value (totalbytes + GCdebt)
+** invariant (and avoiding underflows in 'totalbytes')
+*/
+void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt) {
+  l_mem tb = gettotalbytes(g);
+  lua_assert(tb > 0);
+  if (debt < tb - MAX_LMEM)
+    debt = tb - MAX_LMEM;  /* will make 'totalbytes == MAX_LMEM' */
+  g->totalbytes = tb - debt;
+  g->GCdebt = debt;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_setcstacklimit (lua_State *L, unsigned int limit) {
+  UNUSED(L); UNUSED(limit);
+  return LUAI_MAXCCALLS;  /* warning?? */
+}
+
+
+CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci;
+  lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+  ci = luaM_new(L, CallInfo);
+  lua_assert(L->ci->next == NULL);
+  L->ci->next = ci;
+  ci->previous = L->ci;
+  ci->next = NULL;
+  ci->u.l.trap = 0;
+  L->nci++;
+  return ci;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** free all CallInfo structures not in use by a thread
+*/
+void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  CallInfo *next = ci->next;
+  ci->next = NULL;
+  while ((ci = next) != NULL) {
+    next = ci->next;
+    luaM_free(L, ci);
+    L->nci--;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** free half of the CallInfo structures not in use by a thread,
+** keeping the first one.
+*/
+void luaE_shrinkCI (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci->next;  /* first free CallInfo */
+  CallInfo *next;
+  if (ci == NULL)
+    return;  /* no extra elements */
+  while ((next = ci->next) != NULL) {  /* two extra elements? */
+    CallInfo *next2 = next->next;  /* next's next */
+    ci->next = next2;  /* remove next from the list */
+    L->nci--;
+    luaM_free(L, next);  /* free next */
+    if (next2 == NULL)
+      break;  /* no more elements */
+    else {
+      next2->previous = ci;
+      ci = next2;  /* continue */
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Called when 'getCcalls(L)' larger or equal to LUAI_MAXCCALLS.
+** If equal, raises an overflow error. If value is larger than
+** LUAI_MAXCCALLS (which means it is handling an overflow) but
+** not much larger, does not report an error (to allow overflow
+** handling to work).
+*/
+void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L) {
+  if (getCcalls(L) == LUAI_MAXCCALLS)
+    luaG_runerror(L, "C stack overflow");
+  else if (getCcalls(L) >= (LUAI_MAXCCALLS / 10 * 11))
+    luaD_throw(L, LUA_ERRERR);  /* error while handing stack error */
+}
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L) {
+  L->nCcalls++;
+  if (l_unlikely(getCcalls(L) >= LUAI_MAXCCALLS))
+    luaE_checkcstack(L);
+}
+
+
+static void stack_init (lua_State *L1, lua_State *L) {
+  int i; CallInfo *ci;
+  /* initialize stack array */
+  L1->stack = luaM_newvector(L, BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK, StackValue);
+  L1->tbclist = L1->stack;
+  for (i = 0; i < BASIC_STACK_SIZE + EXTRA_STACK; i++)
+    setnilvalue(s2v(L1->stack + i));  /* erase new stack */
+  L1->top = L1->stack;
+  L1->stack_last = L1->stack + BASIC_STACK_SIZE;
+  /* initialize first ci */
+  ci = &L1->base_ci;
+  ci->next = ci->previous = NULL;
+  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
+  ci->func = L1->top;
+  ci->u.c.k = NULL;
+  ci->nresults = 0;
+  setnilvalue(s2v(L1->top));  /* 'function' entry for this 'ci' */
+  L1->top++;
+  ci->top = L1->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+  L1->ci = ci;
+}
+
+
+static void freestack (lua_State *L) {
+  if (L->stack == NULL)
+    return;  /* stack not completely built yet */
+  L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* free the entire 'ci' list */
+  luaE_freeCI(L);
+  lua_assert(L->nci == 0);
+  luaM_freearray(L, L->stack, stacksize(L) + EXTRA_STACK);  /* free stack */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create registry table and its predefined values
+*/
+static void init_registry (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  /* create registry */
+  Table *registry = luaH_new(L);
+  sethvalue(L, &g->l_registry, registry);
+  luaH_resize(L, registry, LUA_RIDX_LAST, 0);
+  /* registry[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD] = L */
+  setthvalue(L, &registry->array[LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD - 1], L);
+  /* registry[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS] = new table (table of globals) */
+  sethvalue(L, &registry->array[LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS - 1], luaH_new(L));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** open parts of the state that may cause memory-allocation errors.
+*/
+static void f_luaopen (lua_State *L, void *ud) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  UNUSED(ud);
+  stack_init(L, L);  /* init stack */
+  init_registry(L, g);
+  luaS_init(L);
+  luaT_init(L);
+  luaX_init(L);
+  g->gcrunning = 1;  /* allow gc */
+  setnilvalue(&g->nilvalue);  /* now state is complete */
+  luai_userstateopen(L);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** preinitialize a thread with consistent values without allocating
+** any memory (to avoid errors)
+*/
+static void preinit_thread (lua_State *L, global_State *g) {
+  G(L) = g;
+  L->stack = NULL;
+  L->ci = NULL;
+  L->nci = 0;
+  L->twups = L;  /* thread has no upvalues */
+  L->nCcalls = 0;
+  L->errorJmp = NULL;
+  L->hook = NULL;
+  L->hookmask = 0;
+  L->basehookcount = 0;
+  L->allowhook = 1;
+  resethookcount(L);
+  L->openupval = NULL;
+  L->status = LUA_OK;
+  L->errfunc = 0;
+  L->oldpc = 0;
+}
+
+
+static void close_state (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  if (!completestate(g))  /* closing a partially built state? */
+    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* jucst collect its objects */
+  else {  /* closing a fully built state */
+    luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, LUA_OK);  /* close all upvalues */
+    luaC_freeallobjects(L);  /* collect all objects */
+    luai_userstateclose(L);
+  }
+  luaM_freearray(L, G(L)->strt.hash, G(L)->strt.size);
+  freestack(L);
+  lua_assert(gettotalbytes(g) == sizeof(LG));
+  (*g->frealloc)(g->ud, fromstate(L), sizeof(LG), 0);  /* free main block */
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newthread (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g;
+  lua_State *L1;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  g = G(L);
+  luaC_checkGC(L);
+  /* create new thread */
+  L1 = &cast(LX *, luaM_newobject(L, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LX)))->l;
+  L1->marked = luaC_white(g);
+  L1->tt = LUA_VTHREAD;
+  /* link it on list 'allgc' */
+  L1->next = g->allgc;
+  g->allgc = obj2gco(L1);
+  /* anchor it on L stack */
+  setthvalue2s(L, L->top, L1);
+  api_incr_top(L);
+  preinit_thread(L1, g);
+  L1->hookmask = L->hookmask;
+  L1->basehookcount = L->basehookcount;
+  L1->hook = L->hook;
+  resethookcount(L1);
+  /* initialize L1 extra space */
+  memcpy(lua_getextraspace(L1), lua_getextraspace(g->mainthread),
+         LUA_EXTRASPACE);
+  luai_userstatethread(L, L1);
+  stack_init(L1, L);  /* init stack */
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return L1;
+}
+
+
+void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1) {
+  LX *l = fromstate(L1);
+  luaF_closeupval(L1, L1->stack);  /* close all upvalues */
+  lua_assert(L1->openupval == NULL);
+  luai_userstatefree(L, L1);
+  freestack(L1);
+  luaM_free(L, l);
+}
+
+
+int luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci = &L->base_ci;  /* unwind CallInfo list */
+  setnilvalue(s2v(L->stack));  /* 'function' entry for basic 'ci' */
+  ci->func = L->stack;
+  ci->callstatus = CIST_C;
+  if (status == LUA_YIELD)
+    status = LUA_OK;
+  status = luaD_closeprotected(L, 1, status);
+  if (status != LUA_OK)  /* errors? */
+    luaD_seterrorobj(L, status, L->stack + 1);
+  else
+    L->top = L->stack + 1;
+  ci->top = L->top + LUA_MINSTACK;
+  L->status = cast_byte(status);
+  luaD_reallocstack(L, cast_int(ci->top - L->stack), 0);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API int lua_resetthread (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  lua_lock(L);
+  status = luaE_resetthread(L, L->status);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API lua_State *lua_newstate (lua_Alloc f, void *ud) {
+  int i;
+  lua_State *L;
+  global_State *g;
+  LG *l = cast(LG *, (*f)(ud, NULL, LUA_TTHREAD, sizeof(LG)));
+  if (l == NULL) return NULL;
+  L = &l->l.l;
+  g = &l->g;
+  L->tt = LUA_VTHREAD;
+  g->currentwhite = bitmask(WHITE0BIT);
+  L->marked = luaC_white(g);
+  preinit_thread(L, g);
+  g->allgc = obj2gco(L);  /* by now, only object is the main thread */
+  L->next = NULL;
+  incnny(L);  /* main thread is always non yieldable */
+  g->frealloc = f;
+  g->ud = ud;
+  g->warnf = NULL;
+  g->ud_warn = NULL;
+  g->mainthread = L;
+  g->seed = luai_makeseed(L);
+  g->gcrunning = 0;  /* no GC while building state */
+  g->strt.size = g->strt.nuse = 0;
+  g->strt.hash = NULL;
+  setnilvalue(&g->l_registry);
+  g->panic = NULL;
+  g->gcstate = GCSpause;
+  g->gckind = KGC_INC;
+  g->gcstopem = 0;
+  g->gcemergency = 0;
+  g->finobj = g->tobefnz = g->fixedgc = NULL;
+  g->firstold1 = g->survival = g->old1 = g->reallyold = NULL;
+  g->finobjsur = g->finobjold1 = g->finobjrold = NULL;
+  g->sweepgc = NULL;
+  g->gray = g->grayagain = NULL;
+  g->weak = g->ephemeron = g->allweak = NULL;
+  g->twups = NULL;
+  g->totalbytes = sizeof(LG);
+  g->GCdebt = 0;
+  g->lastatomic = 0;
+  setivalue(&g->nilvalue, 0);  /* to signal that state is not yet built */
+  setgcparam(g->gcpause, LUAI_GCPAUSE);
+  setgcparam(g->gcstepmul, LUAI_GCMUL);
+  g->gcstepsize = LUAI_GCSTEPSIZE;
+  setgcparam(g->genmajormul, LUAI_GENMAJORMUL);
+  g->genminormul = LUAI_GENMINORMUL;
+  for (i=0; i < LUA_NUMTAGS; i++) g->mt[i] = NULL;
+  if (luaD_rawrunprotected(L, f_luaopen, NULL) != LUA_OK) {
+    /* memory allocation error: free partial state */
+    close_state(L);
+    L = NULL;
+  }
+  return L;
+}
+
+
+LUA_API void lua_close (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_lock(L);
+  L = G(L)->mainthread;  /* only the main thread can be closed */
+  close_state(L);
+}
+
+
+void luaE_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont) {
+  lua_WarnFunction wf = G(L)->warnf;
+  if (wf != NULL)
+    wf(G(L)->ud_warn, msg, tocont);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Generate a warning from an error message
+*/
+void luaE_warnerror (lua_State *L, const char *where) {
+  TValue *errobj = s2v(L->top - 1);  /* error object */
+  const char *msg = (ttisstring(errobj))
+                  ? svalue(errobj)
+                  : "error object is not a string";
+  /* produce warning "error in %s (%s)" (where, msg) */
+  luaE_warning(L, "error in ", 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, where, 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, " (", 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, msg, 1);
+  luaE_warning(L, ")", 0);
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lstate.h b/external/lua/src/lstate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1283bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lstate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstate.h $
+** Global State
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstate_h
+#define lstate_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Some notes about garbage-collected objects: All objects in Lua must
+** be kept somehow accessible until being freed, so all objects always
+** belong to one (and only one) of these lists, using field 'next' of
+** the 'CommonHeader' for the link:
+**
+** 'allgc': all objects not marked for finalization;
+** 'finobj': all objects marked for finalization;
+** 'tobefnz': all objects ready to be finalized;
+** 'fixedgc': all objects that are not to be collected (currently
+** only small strings, such as reserved words).
+**
+** For the generational collector, some of these lists have marks for
+** generations. Each mark points to the first element in the list for
+** that particular generation; that generation goes until the next mark.
+**
+** 'allgc' -> 'survival': new objects;
+** 'survival' -> 'old': objects that survived one collection;
+** 'old1' -> 'reallyold': objects that became old in last collection;
+** 'reallyold' -> NULL: objects old for more than one cycle.
+**
+** 'finobj' -> 'finobjsur': new objects marked for finalization;
+** 'finobjsur' -> 'finobjold1': survived   """";
+** 'finobjold1' -> 'finobjrold': just old  """";
+** 'finobjrold' -> NULL: really old       """".
+**
+** All lists can contain elements older than their main ages, due
+** to 'luaC_checkfinalizer' and 'udata2finalize', which move
+** objects between the normal lists and the "marked for finalization"
+** lists. Moreover, barriers can age young objects in young lists as
+** OLD0, which then become OLD1. However, a list never contains
+** elements younger than their main ages.
+**
+** The generational collector also uses a pointer 'firstold1', which
+** points to the first OLD1 object in the list. It is used to optimize
+** 'markold'. (Potentially OLD1 objects can be anywhere between 'allgc'
+** and 'reallyold', but often the list has no OLD1 objects or they are
+** after 'old1'.) Note the difference between it and 'old1':
+** 'firstold1': no OLD1 objects before this point; there can be all
+**   ages after it.
+** 'old1': no objects younger than OLD1 after this point.
+*/
+
+/*
+** Moreover, there is another set of lists that control gray objects.
+** These lists are linked by fields 'gclist'. (All objects that
+** can become gray have such a field. The field is not the same
+** in all objects, but it always has this name.)  Any gray object
+** must belong to one of these lists, and all objects in these lists
+** must be gray (with two exceptions explained below):
+**
+** 'gray': regular gray objects, still waiting to be visited.
+** 'grayagain': objects that must be revisited at the atomic phase.
+**   That includes
+**   - black objects got in a write barrier;
+**   - all kinds of weak tables during propagation phase;
+**   - all threads.
+** 'weak': tables with weak values to be cleared;
+** 'ephemeron': ephemeron tables with white->white entries;
+** 'allweak': tables with weak keys and/or weak values to be cleared.
+**
+** The exceptions to that "gray rule" are:
+** - TOUCHED2 objects in generational mode stay in a gray list (because
+** they must be visited again at the end of the cycle), but they are
+** marked black because assignments to them must activate barriers (to
+** move them back to TOUCHED1).
+** - Open upvales are kept gray to avoid barriers, but they stay out
+** of gray lists. (They don't even have a 'gclist' field.)
+*/
+
+
+
+/*
+** About 'nCcalls':  This count has two parts: the lower 16 bits counts
+** the number of recursive invocations in the C stack; the higher
+** 16 bits counts the number of non-yieldable calls in the stack.
+** (They are together so that we can change and save both with one
+** instruction.)
+*/
+
+
+/* true if this thread does not have non-yieldable calls in the stack */
+#define yieldable(L)		(((L)->nCcalls & 0xffff0000) == 0)
+
+/* real number of C calls */
+#define getCcalls(L)	((L)->nCcalls & 0xffff)
+
+
+/* Increment the number of non-yieldable calls */
+#define incnny(L)	((L)->nCcalls += 0x10000)
+
+/* Decrement the number of non-yieldable calls */
+#define decnny(L)	((L)->nCcalls -= 0x10000)
+
+/* Non-yieldable call increment */
+#define nyci	(0x10000 | 1)
+
+
+
+
+struct lua_longjmp;  /* defined in ldo.c */
+
+
+/*
+** Atomic type (relative to signals) to better ensure that 'lua_sethook'
+** is thread safe
+*/
+#if !defined(l_signalT)
+#include <signal.h>
+#define l_signalT	sig_atomic_t
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Extra stack space to handle TM calls and some other extras. This
+** space is not included in 'stack_last'. It is used only to avoid stack
+** checks, either because the element will be promptly popped or because
+** there will be a stack check soon after the push. Function frames
+** never use this extra space, so it does not need to be kept clean.
+*/
+#define EXTRA_STACK   5
+
+
+#define BASIC_STACK_SIZE        (2*LUA_MINSTACK)
+
+#define stacksize(th)	cast_int((th)->stack_last - (th)->stack)
+
+
+/* kinds of Garbage Collection */
+#define KGC_INC		0	/* incremental gc */
+#define KGC_GEN		1	/* generational gc */
+
+
+typedef struct stringtable {
+  TString **hash;
+  int nuse;  /* number of elements */
+  int size;
+} stringtable;
+
+
+/*
+** Information about a call.
+** About union 'u':
+** - field 'l' is used only for Lua functions;
+** - field 'c' is used only for C functions.
+** About union 'u2':
+** - field 'funcidx' is used only by C functions while doing a
+** protected call;
+** - field 'nyield' is used only while a function is "doing" an
+** yield (from the yield until the next resume);
+** - field 'nres' is used only while closing tbc variables when
+** returning from a C function;
+** - field 'transferinfo' is used only during call/returnhooks,
+** before the function starts or after it ends.
+*/
+typedef struct CallInfo {
+  StkId func;  /* function index in the stack */
+  StkId	top;  /* top for this function */
+  struct CallInfo *previous, *next;  /* dynamic call link */
+  union {
+    struct {  /* only for Lua functions */
+      const Instruction *savedpc;
+      volatile l_signalT trap;
+      int nextraargs;  /* # of extra arguments in vararg functions */
+    } l;
+    struct {  /* only for C functions */
+      lua_KFunction k;  /* continuation in case of yields */
+      ptrdiff_t old_errfunc;
+      lua_KContext ctx;  /* context info. in case of yields */
+    } c;
+  } u;
+  union {
+    int funcidx;  /* called-function index */
+    int nyield;  /* number of values yielded */
+    int nres;  /* number of values returned */
+    struct {  /* info about transferred values (for call/return hooks) */
+      unsigned short ftransfer;  /* offset of first value transferred */
+      unsigned short ntransfer;  /* number of values transferred */
+    } transferinfo;
+  } u2;
+  short nresults;  /* expected number of results from this function */
+  unsigned short callstatus;
+} CallInfo;
+
+
+/*
+** Bits in CallInfo status
+*/
+#define CIST_OAH	(1<<0)	/* original value of 'allowhook' */
+#define CIST_C		(1<<1)	/* call is running a C function */
+#define CIST_FRESH	(1<<2)	/* call is on a fresh "luaV_execute" frame */
+#define CIST_HOOKED	(1<<3)	/* call is running a debug hook */
+#define CIST_YPCALL	(1<<4)	/* doing a yieldable protected call */
+#define CIST_TAIL	(1<<5)	/* call was tail called */
+#define CIST_HOOKYIELD	(1<<6)	/* last hook called yielded */
+#define CIST_FIN	(1<<7)	/* call is running a finalizer */
+#define CIST_TRAN	(1<<8)	/* 'ci' has transfer information */
+#define CIST_CLSRET	(1<<9)  /* function is closing tbc variables */
+/* Bits 10-12 are used for CIST_RECST (see below) */
+#define CIST_RECST	10
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
+#define CIST_LEQ	(1<<13)  /* using __lt for __le */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Field CIST_RECST stores the "recover status", used to keep the error
+** status while closing to-be-closed variables in coroutines, so that
+** Lua can correctly resume after an yield from a __close method called
+** because of an error.  (Three bits are enough for error status.)
+*/
+#define getcistrecst(ci)     (((ci)->callstatus >> CIST_RECST) & 7)
+#define setcistrecst(ci,st)  \
+  check_exp(((st) & 7) == (st),   /* status must fit in three bits */  \
+            ((ci)->callstatus = ((ci)->callstatus & ~(7 << CIST_RECST))  \
+                                                  | ((st) << CIST_RECST)))
+
+
+/* active function is a Lua function */
+#define isLua(ci)	(!((ci)->callstatus & CIST_C))
+
+/* call is running Lua code (not a hook) */
+#define isLuacode(ci)	(!((ci)->callstatus & (CIST_C | CIST_HOOKED)))
+
+/* assume that CIST_OAH has offset 0 and that 'v' is strictly 0/1 */
+#define setoah(st,v)	((st) = ((st) & ~CIST_OAH) | (v))
+#define getoah(st)	((st) & CIST_OAH)
+
+
+/*
+** 'global state', shared by all threads of this state
+*/
+typedef struct global_State {
+  lua_Alloc frealloc;  /* function to reallocate memory */
+  void *ud;         /* auxiliary data to 'frealloc' */
+  l_mem totalbytes;  /* number of bytes currently allocated - GCdebt */
+  l_mem GCdebt;  /* bytes allocated not yet compensated by the collector */
+  lu_mem GCestimate;  /* an estimate of the non-garbage memory in use */
+  lu_mem lastatomic;  /* see function 'genstep' in file 'lgc.c' */
+  stringtable strt;  /* hash table for strings */
+  TValue l_registry;
+  TValue nilvalue;  /* a nil value */
+  unsigned int seed;  /* randomized seed for hashes */
+  lu_byte currentwhite;
+  lu_byte gcstate;  /* state of garbage collector */
+  lu_byte gckind;  /* kind of GC running */
+  lu_byte gcstopem;  /* stops emergency collections */
+  lu_byte genminormul;  /* control for minor generational collections */
+  lu_byte genmajormul;  /* control for major generational collections */
+  lu_byte gcrunning;  /* true if GC is running */
+  lu_byte gcemergency;  /* true if this is an emergency collection */
+  lu_byte gcpause;  /* size of pause between successive GCs */
+  lu_byte gcstepmul;  /* GC "speed" */
+  lu_byte gcstepsize;  /* (log2 of) GC granularity */
+  GCObject *allgc;  /* list of all collectable objects */
+  GCObject **sweepgc;  /* current position of sweep in list */
+  GCObject *finobj;  /* list of collectable objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *gray;  /* list of gray objects */
+  GCObject *grayagain;  /* list of objects to be traversed atomically */
+  GCObject *weak;  /* list of tables with weak values */
+  GCObject *ephemeron;  /* list of ephemeron tables (weak keys) */
+  GCObject *allweak;  /* list of all-weak tables */
+  GCObject *tobefnz;  /* list of userdata to be GC */
+  GCObject *fixedgc;  /* list of objects not to be collected */
+  /* fields for generational collector */
+  GCObject *survival;  /* start of objects that survived one GC cycle */
+  GCObject *old1;  /* start of old1 objects */
+  GCObject *reallyold;  /* objects more than one cycle old ("really old") */
+  GCObject *firstold1;  /* first OLD1 object in the list (if any) */
+  GCObject *finobjsur;  /* list of survival objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *finobjold1;  /* list of old1 objects with finalizers */
+  GCObject *finobjrold;  /* list of really old objects with finalizers */
+  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
+  lua_CFunction panic;  /* to be called in unprotected errors */
+  struct lua_State *mainthread;
+  TString *memerrmsg;  /* message for memory-allocation errors */
+  TString *tmname[TM_N];  /* array with tag-method names */
+  struct Table *mt[LUA_NUMTAGS];  /* metatables for basic types */
+  TString *strcache[STRCACHE_N][STRCACHE_M];  /* cache for strings in API */
+  lua_WarnFunction warnf;  /* warning function */
+  void *ud_warn;         /* auxiliary data to 'warnf' */
+} global_State;
+
+
+/*
+** 'per thread' state
+*/
+struct lua_State {
+  CommonHeader;
+  lu_byte status;
+  lu_byte allowhook;
+  unsigned short nci;  /* number of items in 'ci' list */
+  StkId top;  /* first free slot in the stack */
+  global_State *l_G;
+  CallInfo *ci;  /* call info for current function */
+  StkId stack_last;  /* end of stack (last element + 1) */
+  StkId stack;  /* stack base */
+  UpVal *openupval;  /* list of open upvalues in this stack */
+  StkId tbclist;  /* list of to-be-closed variables */
+  GCObject *gclist;
+  struct lua_State *twups;  /* list of threads with open upvalues */
+  struct lua_longjmp *errorJmp;  /* current error recover point */
+  CallInfo base_ci;  /* CallInfo for first level (C calling Lua) */
+  volatile lua_Hook hook;
+  ptrdiff_t errfunc;  /* current error handling function (stack index) */
+  l_uint32 nCcalls;  /* number of nested (non-yieldable | C)  calls */
+  int oldpc;  /* last pc traced */
+  int basehookcount;
+  int hookcount;
+  volatile l_signalT hookmask;
+};
+
+
+#define G(L)	(L->l_G)
+
+/*
+** 'g->nilvalue' being a nil value flags that the state was completely
+** build.
+*/
+#define completestate(g)	ttisnil(&g->nilvalue)
+
+
+/*
+** Union of all collectable objects (only for conversions)
+** ISO C99, 6.5.2.3 p.5:
+** "if a union contains several structures that share a common initial
+** sequence [...], and if the union object currently contains one
+** of these structures, it is permitted to inspect the common initial
+** part of any of them anywhere that a declaration of the complete type
+** of the union is visible."
+*/
+union GCUnion {
+  GCObject gc;  /* common header */
+  struct TString ts;
+  struct Udata u;
+  union Closure cl;
+  struct Table h;
+  struct Proto p;
+  struct lua_State th;  /* thread */
+  struct UpVal upv;
+};
+
+
+/*
+** ISO C99, 6.7.2.1 p.14:
+** "A pointer to a union object, suitably converted, points to each of
+** its members [...], and vice versa."
+*/
+#define cast_u(o)	cast(union GCUnion *, (o))
+
+/* macros to convert a GCObject into a specific value */
+#define gco2ts(o)  \
+	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TSTRING, &((cast_u(o))->ts))
+#define gco2u(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUSERDATA, &((cast_u(o))->u))
+#define gco2lcl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VLCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.l))
+#define gco2ccl(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VCCL, &((cast_u(o))->cl.c))
+#define gco2cl(o)  \
+	check_exp(novariant((o)->tt) == LUA_TFUNCTION, &((cast_u(o))->cl))
+#define gco2t(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTABLE, &((cast_u(o))->h))
+#define gco2p(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VPROTO, &((cast_u(o))->p))
+#define gco2th(o)  check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VTHREAD, &((cast_u(o))->th))
+#define gco2upv(o)	check_exp((o)->tt == LUA_VUPVAL, &((cast_u(o))->upv))
+
+
+/*
+** macro to convert a Lua object into a GCObject
+** (The access to 'tt' tries to ensure that 'v' is actually a Lua object.)
+*/
+#define obj2gco(v)	check_exp((v)->tt >= LUA_TSTRING, &(cast_u(v)->gc))
+
+
+/* actual number of total bytes allocated */
+#define gettotalbytes(g)	cast(lu_mem, (g)->totalbytes + (g)->GCdebt)
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_setdebt (global_State *g, l_mem debt);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freethread (lua_State *L, lua_State *L1);
+LUAI_FUNC CallInfo *luaE_extendCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_freeCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_shrinkCI (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_checkcstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_incCstack (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warning (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaE_warnerror (lua_State *L, const char *where);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaE_resetthread (lua_State *L, int status);
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lstring.c b/external/lua/src/lstring.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13dcaf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lstring.c
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.c $
+** String table (keeps all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lstring_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum size for string table.
+*/
+#define MAXSTRTB	cast_int(luaM_limitN(MAX_INT, TString*))
+
+
+/*
+** equality for long strings
+*/
+int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b) {
+  size_t len = a->u.lnglen;
+  lua_assert(a->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR && b->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR);
+  return (a == b) ||  /* same instance or... */
+    ((len == b->u.lnglen) &&  /* equal length and ... */
+     (memcmp(getstr(a), getstr(b), len) == 0));  /* equal contents */
+}
+
+
+unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed) {
+  unsigned int h = seed ^ cast_uint(l);
+  for (; l > 0; l--)
+    h ^= ((h<<5) + (h>>2) + cast_byte(str[l - 1]));
+  return h;
+}
+
+
+unsigned int luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts) {
+  lua_assert(ts->tt == LUA_VLNGSTR);
+  if (ts->extra == 0) {  /* no hash? */
+    size_t len = ts->u.lnglen;
+    ts->hash = luaS_hash(getstr(ts), len, ts->hash);
+    ts->extra = 1;  /* now it has its hash */
+  }
+  return ts->hash;
+}
+
+
+static void tablerehash (TString **vect, int osize, int nsize) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = osize; i < nsize; i++)  /* clear new elements */
+    vect[i] = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < osize; i++) {  /* rehash old part of the array */
+    TString *p = vect[i];
+    vect[i] = NULL;
+    while (p) {  /* for each string in the list */
+      TString *hnext = p->u.hnext;  /* save next */
+      unsigned int h = lmod(p->hash, nsize);  /* new position */
+      p->u.hnext = vect[h];  /* chain it into array */
+      vect[h] = p;
+      p = hnext;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resize the string table. If allocation fails, keep the current size.
+** (This can degrade performance, but any non-zero size should work
+** correctly.)
+*/
+void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int nsize) {
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  int osize = tb->size;
+  TString **newvect;
+  if (nsize < osize)  /* shrinking table? */
+    tablerehash(tb->hash, osize, nsize);  /* depopulate shrinking part */
+  newvect = luaM_reallocvector(L, tb->hash, osize, nsize, TString*);
+  if (l_unlikely(newvect == NULL)) {  /* reallocation failed? */
+    if (nsize < osize)  /* was it shrinking table? */
+      tablerehash(tb->hash, nsize, osize);  /* restore to original size */
+    /* leave table as it was */
+  }
+  else {  /* allocation succeeded */
+    tb->hash = newvect;
+    tb->size = nsize;
+    if (nsize > osize)
+      tablerehash(newvect, osize, nsize);  /* rehash for new size */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Clear API string cache. (Entries cannot be empty, so fill them with
+** a non-collectable string.)
+*/
+void luaS_clearcache (global_State *g) {
+  int i, j;
+  for (i = 0; i < STRCACHE_N; i++)
+    for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++) {
+      if (iswhite(g->strcache[i][j]))  /* will entry be collected? */
+        g->strcache[i][j] = g->memerrmsg;  /* replace it with something fixed */
+    }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Initialize the string table and the string cache
+*/
+void luaS_init (lua_State *L) {
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  int i, j;
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  tb->hash = luaM_newvector(L, MINSTRTABSIZE, TString*);
+  tablerehash(tb->hash, 0, MINSTRTABSIZE);  /* clear array */
+  tb->size = MINSTRTABSIZE;
+  /* pre-create memory-error message */
+  g->memerrmsg = luaS_newliteral(L, MEMERRMSG);
+  luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(g->memerrmsg));  /* it should never be collected */
+  for (i = 0; i < STRCACHE_N; i++)  /* fill cache with valid strings */
+    for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++)
+      g->strcache[i][j] = g->memerrmsg;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** creates a new string object
+*/
+static TString *createstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l, int tag, unsigned int h) {
+  TString *ts;
+  GCObject *o;
+  size_t totalsize;  /* total size of TString object */
+  totalsize = sizelstring(l);
+  o = luaC_newobj(L, tag, totalsize);
+  ts = gco2ts(o);
+  ts->hash = h;
+  ts->extra = 0;
+  getstr(ts)[l] = '\0';  /* ending 0 */
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l) {
+  TString *ts = createstrobj(L, l, LUA_VLNGSTR, G(L)->seed);
+  ts->u.lnglen = l;
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts) {
+  stringtable *tb = &G(L)->strt;
+  TString **p = &tb->hash[lmod(ts->hash, tb->size)];
+  while (*p != ts)  /* find previous element */
+    p = &(*p)->u.hnext;
+  *p = (*p)->u.hnext;  /* remove element from its list */
+  tb->nuse--;
+}
+
+
+static void growstrtab (lua_State *L, stringtable *tb) {
+  if (l_unlikely(tb->nuse == MAX_INT)) {  /* too many strings? */
+    luaC_fullgc(L, 1);  /* try to free some... */
+    if (tb->nuse == MAX_INT)  /* still too many? */
+      luaM_error(L);  /* cannot even create a message... */
+  }
+  if (tb->size <= MAXSTRTB / 2)  /* can grow string table? */
+    luaS_resize(L, tb->size * 2);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Checks whether short string exists and reuses it or creates a new one.
+*/
+static TString *internshrstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  TString *ts;
+  global_State *g = G(L);
+  stringtable *tb = &g->strt;
+  unsigned int h = luaS_hash(str, l, g->seed);
+  TString **list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];
+  lua_assert(str != NULL);  /* otherwise 'memcmp'/'memcpy' are undefined */
+  for (ts = *list; ts != NULL; ts = ts->u.hnext) {
+    if (l == ts->shrlen && (memcmp(str, getstr(ts), l * sizeof(char)) == 0)) {
+      /* found! */
+      if (isdead(g, ts))  /* dead (but not collected yet)? */
+        changewhite(ts);  /* resurrect it */
+      return ts;
+    }
+  }
+  /* else must create a new string */
+  if (tb->nuse >= tb->size) {  /* need to grow string table? */
+    growstrtab(L, tb);
+    list = &tb->hash[lmod(h, tb->size)];  /* rehash with new size */
+  }
+  ts = createstrobj(L, l, LUA_VSHRSTR, h);
+  memcpy(getstr(ts), str, l * sizeof(char));
+  ts->shrlen = cast_byte(l);
+  ts->u.hnext = *list;
+  *list = ts;
+  tb->nuse++;
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** new string (with explicit length)
+*/
+TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l) {
+  if (l <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN)  /* short string? */
+    return internshrstr(L, str, l);
+  else {
+    TString *ts;
+    if (l_unlikely(l >= (MAX_SIZE - sizeof(TString))/sizeof(char)))
+      luaM_toobig(L);
+    ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, l);
+    memcpy(getstr(ts), str, l * sizeof(char));
+    return ts;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create or reuse a zero-terminated string, first checking in the
+** cache (using the string address as a key). The cache can contain
+** only zero-terminated strings, so it is safe to use 'strcmp' to
+** check hits.
+*/
+TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str) {
+  unsigned int i = point2uint(str) % STRCACHE_N;  /* hash */
+  int j;
+  TString **p = G(L)->strcache[i];
+  for (j = 0; j < STRCACHE_M; j++) {
+    if (strcmp(str, getstr(p[j])) == 0)  /* hit? */
+      return p[j];  /* that is it */
+  }
+  /* normal route */
+  for (j = STRCACHE_M - 1; j > 0; j--)
+    p[j] = p[j - 1];  /* move out last element */
+  /* new element is first in the list */
+  p[0] = luaS_newlstr(L, str, strlen(str));
+  return p[0];
+}
+
+
+Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, int nuvalue) {
+  Udata *u;
+  int i;
+  GCObject *o;
+  if (l_unlikely(s > MAX_SIZE - udatamemoffset(nuvalue)))
+    luaM_toobig(L);
+  o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VUSERDATA, sizeudata(nuvalue, s));
+  u = gco2u(o);
+  u->len = s;
+  u->nuvalue = nuvalue;
+  u->metatable = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < nuvalue; i++)
+    setnilvalue(&u->uv[i].uv);
+  return u;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lstring.h b/external/lua/src/lstring.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..450c239
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lstring.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstring.h $
+** String table (keep all strings handled by Lua)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lstring_h
+#define lstring_h
+
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Memory-allocation error message must be preallocated (it cannot
+** be created after memory is exhausted)
+*/
+#define MEMERRMSG       "not enough memory"
+
+
+/*
+** Size of a TString: Size of the header plus space for the string
+** itself (including final '\0').
+*/
+#define sizelstring(l)  (offsetof(TString, contents) + ((l) + 1) * sizeof(char))
+
+#define luaS_newliteral(L, s)	(luaS_newlstr(L, "" s, \
+                                 (sizeof(s)/sizeof(char))-1))
+
+
+/*
+** test whether a string is a reserved word
+*/
+#define isreserved(s)	((s)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR && (s)->extra > 0)
+
+
+/*
+** equality for short strings, which are always internalized
+*/
+#define eqshrstr(a,b)	check_exp((a)->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR, (a) == (b))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hash (const char *str, size_t l, unsigned int seed);
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaS_hashlongstr (TString *ts);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaS_eqlngstr (TString *a, TString *b);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_resize (lua_State *L, int newsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_clearcache (global_State *g);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_init (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaS_remove (lua_State *L, TString *ts);
+LUAI_FUNC Udata *luaS_newudata (lua_State *L, size_t s, int nuvalue);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_newlstr (lua_State *L, const char *str, size_t l);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_new (lua_State *L, const char *str);
+LUAI_FUNC TString *luaS_createlngstrobj (lua_State *L, size_t l);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lstrlib.c b/external/lua/src/lstrlib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..47e5b27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lstrlib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1817 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lstrlib.c $
+** Standard library for string operations and pattern-matching
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lstrlib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <locale.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** maximum number of captures that a pattern can do during
+** pattern-matching. This limit is arbitrary, but must fit in
+** an unsigned char.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXCAPTURES)
+#define LUA_MAXCAPTURES		32
+#endif
+
+
+/* macro to 'unsign' a character */
+#define uchar(c)	((unsigned char)(c))
+
+
+/*
+** Some sizes are better limited to fit in 'int', but must also fit in
+** 'size_t'. (We assume that 'lua_Integer' cannot be smaller than 'int'.)
+*/
+#define MAX_SIZET	((size_t)(~(size_t)0))
+
+#define MAXSIZE  \
+	(sizeof(size_t) < sizeof(int) ? MAX_SIZET : (size_t)(INT_MAX))
+
+
+
+
+static int str_len (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** translate a relative initial string position
+** (negative means back from end): clip result to [1, inf).
+** The length of any string in Lua must fit in a lua_Integer,
+** so there are no overflows in the casts.
+** The inverted comparison avoids a possible overflow
+** computing '-pos'.
+*/
+static size_t posrelatI (lua_Integer pos, size_t len) {
+  if (pos > 0)
+    return (size_t)pos;
+  else if (pos == 0)
+    return 1;
+  else if (pos < -(lua_Integer)len)  /* inverted comparison */
+    return 1;  /* clip to 1 */
+  else return len + (size_t)pos + 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Gets an optional ending string position from argument 'arg',
+** with default value 'def'.
+** Negative means back from end: clip result to [0, len]
+*/
+static size_t getendpos (lua_State *L, int arg, lua_Integer def,
+                         size_t len) {
+  lua_Integer pos = luaL_optinteger(L, arg, def);
+  if (pos > (lua_Integer)len)
+    return len;
+  else if (pos >= 0)
+    return (size_t)pos;
+  else if (pos < -(lua_Integer)len)
+    return 0;
+  else return len + (size_t)pos + 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_sub (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  size_t start = posrelatI(luaL_checkinteger(L, 2), l);
+  size_t end = getendpos(L, 3, -1, l);
+  if (start <= end)
+    lua_pushlstring(L, s + start - 1, (end - start) + 1);
+  else lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_reverse (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l, i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+  for (i = 0; i < l; i++)
+    p[i] = s[l - i - 1];
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_lower (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  size_t i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+  for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+    p[i] = tolower(uchar(s[i]));
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_upper (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  size_t i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, l);
+  for (i=0; i<l; i++)
+    p[i] = toupper(uchar(s[i]));
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, l);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_rep (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l, lsep;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 3, "", &lsep);
+  if (n <= 0)
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "");
+  else if (l_unlikely(l + lsep < l || l + lsep > MAXSIZE / n))
+    return luaL_error(L, "resulting string too large");
+  else {
+    size_t totallen = (size_t)n * l + (size_t)(n - 1) * lsep;
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, totallen);
+    while (n-- > 1) {  /* first n-1 copies (followed by separator) */
+      memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char)); p += l;
+      if (lsep > 0) {  /* empty 'memcpy' is not that cheap */
+        memcpy(p, sep, lsep * sizeof(char));
+        p += lsep;
+      }
+    }
+    memcpy(p, s, l * sizeof(char));  /* last copy (not followed by separator) */
+    luaL_pushresultsize(&b, totallen);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_byte (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t l;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &l);
+  lua_Integer pi = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  size_t posi = posrelatI(pi, l);
+  size_t pose = getendpos(L, 3, pi, l);
+  int n, i;
+  if (posi > pose) return 0;  /* empty interval; return no values */
+  if (l_unlikely(pose - posi >= (size_t)INT_MAX))  /* arithmetic overflow? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+  n = (int)(pose -  posi) + 1;
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+  for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+    lua_pushinteger(L, uchar(s[posi+i-1]));
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static int str_char (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  int i;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  char *p = luaL_buffinitsize(L, &b, n);
+  for (i=1; i<=n; i++) {
+    lua_Unsigned c = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, i);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, c <= (lua_Unsigned)UCHAR_MAX, i, "value out of range");
+    p[i - 1] = uchar(c);
+  }
+  luaL_pushresultsize(&b, n);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Buffer to store the result of 'string.dump'. It must be initialized
+** after the call to 'lua_dump', to ensure that the function is on the
+** top of the stack when 'lua_dump' is called. ('luaL_buffinit' might
+** push stuff.)
+*/
+struct str_Writer {
+  int init;  /* true iff buffer has been initialized */
+  luaL_Buffer B;
+};
+
+
+static int writer (lua_State *L, const void *b, size_t size, void *ud) {
+  struct str_Writer *state = (struct str_Writer *)ud;
+  if (!state->init) {
+    state->init = 1;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &state->B);
+  }
+  luaL_addlstring(&state->B, (const char *)b, size);
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int str_dump (lua_State *L) {
+  struct str_Writer state;
+  int strip = lua_toboolean(L, 2);
+  luaL_checktype(L, 1, LUA_TFUNCTION);
+  lua_settop(L, 1);  /* ensure function is on the top of the stack */
+  state.init = 0;
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_dump(L, writer, &state, strip) != 0))
+    return luaL_error(L, "unable to dump given function");
+  luaL_pushresult(&state.B);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** METAMETHODS
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if defined(LUA_NOCVTS2N)	/* { */
+
+/* no coercion from strings to numbers */
+
+static const luaL_Reg stringmetamethods[] = {
+  {"__index", NULL},  /* placeholder */
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+#else		/* }{ */
+
+static int tonum (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  if (lua_type(L, arg) == LUA_TNUMBER) {  /* already a number? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, arg);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else {  /* check whether it is a numerical string */
+    size_t len;
+    const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, arg, &len);
+    return (s != NULL && lua_stringtonumber(L, s) == len + 1);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void trymt (lua_State *L, const char *mtname) {
+  lua_settop(L, 2);  /* back to the original arguments */
+  if (l_unlikely(lua_type(L, 2) == LUA_TSTRING ||
+                 !luaL_getmetafield(L, 2, mtname)))
+    luaL_error(L, "attempt to %s a '%s' with a '%s'", mtname + 2,
+                  luaL_typename(L, -2), luaL_typename(L, -1));
+  lua_insert(L, -3);  /* put metamethod before arguments */
+  lua_call(L, 2, 1);  /* call metamethod */
+}
+
+
+static int arith (lua_State *L, int op, const char *mtname) {
+  if (tonum(L, 1) && tonum(L, 2))
+    lua_arith(L, op);  /* result will be on the top */
+  else
+    trymt(L, mtname);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int arith_add (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPADD, "__add");
+}
+
+static int arith_sub (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPSUB, "__sub");
+}
+
+static int arith_mul (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPMUL, "__mul");
+}
+
+static int arith_mod (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPMOD, "__mod");
+}
+
+static int arith_pow (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPPOW, "__pow");
+}
+
+static int arith_div (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPDIV, "__div");
+}
+
+static int arith_idiv (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPIDIV, "__idiv");
+}
+
+static int arith_unm (lua_State *L) {
+  return arith(L, LUA_OPUNM, "__unm");
+}
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg stringmetamethods[] = {
+  {"__add", arith_add},
+  {"__sub", arith_sub},
+  {"__mul", arith_mul},
+  {"__mod", arith_mod},
+  {"__pow", arith_pow},
+  {"__div", arith_div},
+  {"__idiv", arith_idiv},
+  {"__unm", arith_unm},
+  {"__index", NULL},  /* placeholder */
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+#endif		/* } */
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** PATTERN MATCHING
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+#define CAP_UNFINISHED	(-1)
+#define CAP_POSITION	(-2)
+
+
+typedef struct MatchState {
+  const char *src_init;  /* init of source string */
+  const char *src_end;  /* end ('\0') of source string */
+  const char *p_end;  /* end ('\0') of pattern */
+  lua_State *L;
+  int matchdepth;  /* control for recursive depth (to avoid C stack overflow) */
+  unsigned char level;  /* total number of captures (finished or unfinished) */
+  struct {
+    const char *init;
+    ptrdiff_t len;
+  } capture[LUA_MAXCAPTURES];
+} MatchState;
+
+
+/* recursive function */
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p);
+
+
+/* maximum recursion depth for 'match' */
+#if !defined(MAXCCALLS)
+#define MAXCCALLS	200
+#endif
+
+
+#define L_ESC		'%'
+#define SPECIALS	"^$*+?.([%-"
+
+
+static int check_capture (MatchState *ms, int l) {
+  l -= '1';
+  if (l_unlikely(l < 0 || l >= ms->level ||
+                 ms->capture[l].len == CAP_UNFINISHED))
+    return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index %%%d", l + 1);
+  return l;
+}
+
+
+static int capture_to_close (MatchState *ms) {
+  int level = ms->level;
+  for (level--; level>=0; level--)
+    if (ms->capture[level].len == CAP_UNFINISHED) return level;
+  return luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid pattern capture");
+}
+
+
+static const char *classend (MatchState *ms, const char *p) {
+  switch (*p++) {
+    case L_ESC: {
+      if (l_unlikely(p == ms->p_end))
+        luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (ends with '%%')");
+      return p+1;
+    }
+    case '[': {
+      if (*p == '^') p++;
+      do {  /* look for a ']' */
+        if (l_unlikely(p == ms->p_end))
+          luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing ']')");
+        if (*(p++) == L_ESC && p < ms->p_end)
+          p++;  /* skip escapes (e.g. '%]') */
+      } while (*p != ']');
+      return p+1;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return p;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int match_class (int c, int cl) {
+  int res;
+  switch (tolower(cl)) {
+    case 'a' : res = isalpha(c); break;
+    case 'c' : res = iscntrl(c); break;
+    case 'd' : res = isdigit(c); break;
+    case 'g' : res = isgraph(c); break;
+    case 'l' : res = islower(c); break;
+    case 'p' : res = ispunct(c); break;
+    case 's' : res = isspace(c); break;
+    case 'u' : res = isupper(c); break;
+    case 'w' : res = isalnum(c); break;
+    case 'x' : res = isxdigit(c); break;
+    case 'z' : res = (c == 0); break;  /* deprecated option */
+    default: return (cl == c);
+  }
+  return (islower(cl) ? res : !res);
+}
+
+
+static int matchbracketclass (int c, const char *p, const char *ec) {
+  int sig = 1;
+  if (*(p+1) == '^') {
+    sig = 0;
+    p++;  /* skip the '^' */
+  }
+  while (++p < ec) {
+    if (*p == L_ESC) {
+      p++;
+      if (match_class(c, uchar(*p)))
+        return sig;
+    }
+    else if ((*(p+1) == '-') && (p+2 < ec)) {
+      p+=2;
+      if (uchar(*(p-2)) <= c && c <= uchar(*p))
+        return sig;
+    }
+    else if (uchar(*p) == c) return sig;
+  }
+  return !sig;
+}
+
+
+static int singlematch (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p,
+                        const char *ep) {
+  if (s >= ms->src_end)
+    return 0;
+  else {
+    int c = uchar(*s);
+    switch (*p) {
+      case '.': return 1;  /* matches any char */
+      case L_ESC: return match_class(c, uchar(*(p+1)));
+      case '[': return matchbracketclass(c, p, ep-1);
+      default:  return (uchar(*p) == c);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *matchbalance (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                   const char *p) {
+  if (l_unlikely(p >= ms->p_end - 1))
+    luaL_error(ms->L, "malformed pattern (missing arguments to '%%b')");
+  if (*s != *p) return NULL;
+  else {
+    int b = *p;
+    int e = *(p+1);
+    int cont = 1;
+    while (++s < ms->src_end) {
+      if (*s == e) {
+        if (--cont == 0) return s+1;
+      }
+      else if (*s == b) cont++;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* string ends out of balance */
+}
+
+
+static const char *max_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                 const char *p, const char *ep) {
+  ptrdiff_t i = 0;  /* counts maximum expand for item */
+  while (singlematch(ms, s + i, p, ep))
+    i++;
+  /* keeps trying to match with the maximum repetitions */
+  while (i>=0) {
+    const char *res = match(ms, (s+i), ep+1);
+    if (res) return res;
+    i--;  /* else didn't match; reduce 1 repetition to try again */
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *min_expand (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                 const char *p, const char *ep) {
+  for (;;) {
+    const char *res = match(ms, s, ep+1);
+    if (res != NULL)
+      return res;
+    else if (singlematch(ms, s, p, ep))
+      s++;  /* try with one more repetition */
+    else return NULL;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *start_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                    const char *p, int what) {
+  const char *res;
+  int level = ms->level;
+  if (level >= LUA_MAXCAPTURES) luaL_error(ms->L, "too many captures");
+  ms->capture[level].init = s;
+  ms->capture[level].len = what;
+  ms->level = level+1;
+  if ((res=match(ms, s, p)) == NULL)  /* match failed? */
+    ms->level--;  /* undo capture */
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *end_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s,
+                                  const char *p) {
+  int l = capture_to_close(ms);
+  const char *res;
+  ms->capture[l].len = s - ms->capture[l].init;  /* close capture */
+  if ((res = match(ms, s, p)) == NULL)  /* match failed? */
+    ms->capture[l].len = CAP_UNFINISHED;  /* undo capture */
+  return res;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match_capture (MatchState *ms, const char *s, int l) {
+  size_t len;
+  l = check_capture(ms, l);
+  len = ms->capture[l].len;
+  if ((size_t)(ms->src_end-s) >= len &&
+      memcmp(ms->capture[l].init, s, len) == 0)
+    return s+len;
+  else return NULL;
+}
+
+
+static const char *match (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *p) {
+  if (l_unlikely(ms->matchdepth-- == 0))
+    luaL_error(ms->L, "pattern too complex");
+  init: /* using goto's to optimize tail recursion */
+  if (p != ms->p_end) {  /* end of pattern? */
+    switch (*p) {
+      case '(': {  /* start capture */
+        if (*(p + 1) == ')')  /* position capture? */
+          s = start_capture(ms, s, p + 2, CAP_POSITION);
+        else
+          s = start_capture(ms, s, p + 1, CAP_UNFINISHED);
+        break;
+      }
+      case ')': {  /* end capture */
+        s = end_capture(ms, s, p + 1);
+        break;
+      }
+      case '$': {
+        if ((p + 1) != ms->p_end)  /* is the '$' the last char in pattern? */
+          goto dflt;  /* no; go to default */
+        s = (s == ms->src_end) ? s : NULL;  /* check end of string */
+        break;
+      }
+      case L_ESC: {  /* escaped sequences not in the format class[*+?-]? */
+        switch (*(p + 1)) {
+          case 'b': {  /* balanced string? */
+            s = matchbalance(ms, s, p + 2);
+            if (s != NULL) {
+              p += 4; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, p + 4); */
+            }  /* else fail (s == NULL) */
+            break;
+          }
+          case 'f': {  /* frontier? */
+            const char *ep; char previous;
+            p += 2;
+            if (l_unlikely(*p != '['))
+              luaL_error(ms->L, "missing '[' after '%%f' in pattern");
+            ep = classend(ms, p);  /* points to what is next */
+            previous = (s == ms->src_init) ? '\0' : *(s - 1);
+            if (!matchbracketclass(uchar(previous), p, ep - 1) &&
+               matchbracketclass(uchar(*s), p, ep - 1)) {
+              p = ep; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, ep); */
+            }
+            s = NULL;  /* match failed */
+            break;
+          }
+          case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3':
+          case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
+          case '8': case '9': {  /* capture results (%0-%9)? */
+            s = match_capture(ms, s, uchar(*(p + 1)));
+            if (s != NULL) {
+              p += 2; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, p + 2) */
+            }
+            break;
+          }
+          default: goto dflt;
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+      default: dflt: {  /* pattern class plus optional suffix */
+        const char *ep = classend(ms, p);  /* points to optional suffix */
+        /* does not match at least once? */
+        if (!singlematch(ms, s, p, ep)) {
+          if (*ep == '*' || *ep == '?' || *ep == '-') {  /* accept empty? */
+            p = ep + 1; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s, ep + 1); */
+          }
+          else  /* '+' or no suffix */
+            s = NULL;  /* fail */
+        }
+        else {  /* matched once */
+          switch (*ep) {  /* handle optional suffix */
+            case '?': {  /* optional */
+              const char *res;
+              if ((res = match(ms, s + 1, ep + 1)) != NULL)
+                s = res;
+              else {
+                p = ep + 1; goto init;  /* else return match(ms, s, ep + 1); */
+              }
+              break;
+            }
+            case '+':  /* 1 or more repetitions */
+              s++;  /* 1 match already done */
+              /* FALLTHROUGH */
+            case '*':  /* 0 or more repetitions */
+              s = max_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+              break;
+            case '-':  /* 0 or more repetitions (minimum) */
+              s = min_expand(ms, s, p, ep);
+              break;
+            default:  /* no suffix */
+              s++; p = ep; goto init;  /* return match(ms, s + 1, ep); */
+          }
+        }
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  ms->matchdepth++;
+  return s;
+}
+
+
+
+static const char *lmemfind (const char *s1, size_t l1,
+                               const char *s2, size_t l2) {
+  if (l2 == 0) return s1;  /* empty strings are everywhere */
+  else if (l2 > l1) return NULL;  /* avoids a negative 'l1' */
+  else {
+    const char *init;  /* to search for a '*s2' inside 's1' */
+    l2--;  /* 1st char will be checked by 'memchr' */
+    l1 = l1-l2;  /* 's2' cannot be found after that */
+    while (l1 > 0 && (init = (const char *)memchr(s1, *s2, l1)) != NULL) {
+      init++;   /* 1st char is already checked */
+      if (memcmp(init, s2+1, l2) == 0)
+        return init-1;
+      else {  /* correct 'l1' and 's1' to try again */
+        l1 -= init-s1;
+        s1 = init;
+      }
+    }
+    return NULL;  /* not found */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** get information about the i-th capture. If there are no captures
+** and 'i==0', return information about the whole match, which
+** is the range 's'..'e'. If the capture is a string, return
+** its length and put its address in '*cap'. If it is an integer
+** (a position), push it on the stack and return CAP_POSITION.
+*/
+static size_t get_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+                              const char *e, const char **cap) {
+  if (i >= ms->level) {
+    if (l_unlikely(i != 0))
+      luaL_error(ms->L, "invalid capture index %%%d", i + 1);
+    *cap = s;
+    return e - s;
+  }
+  else {
+    ptrdiff_t capl = ms->capture[i].len;
+    *cap = ms->capture[i].init;
+    if (l_unlikely(capl == CAP_UNFINISHED))
+      luaL_error(ms->L, "unfinished capture");
+    else if (capl == CAP_POSITION)
+      lua_pushinteger(ms->L, (ms->capture[i].init - ms->src_init) + 1);
+    return capl;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Push the i-th capture on the stack.
+*/
+static void push_onecapture (MatchState *ms, int i, const char *s,
+                                                    const char *e) {
+  const char *cap;
+  ptrdiff_t l = get_onecapture(ms, i, s, e, &cap);
+  if (l != CAP_POSITION)
+    lua_pushlstring(ms->L, cap, l);
+  /* else position was already pushed */
+}
+
+
+static int push_captures (MatchState *ms, const char *s, const char *e) {
+  int i;
+  int nlevels = (ms->level == 0 && s) ? 1 : ms->level;
+  luaL_checkstack(ms->L, nlevels, "too many captures");
+  for (i = 0; i < nlevels; i++)
+    push_onecapture(ms, i, s, e);
+  return nlevels;  /* number of strings pushed */
+}
+
+
+/* check whether pattern has no special characters */
+static int nospecials (const char *p, size_t l) {
+  size_t upto = 0;
+  do {
+    if (strpbrk(p + upto, SPECIALS))
+      return 0;  /* pattern has a special character */
+    upto += strlen(p + upto) + 1;  /* may have more after \0 */
+  } while (upto <= l);
+  return 1;  /* no special chars found */
+}
+
+
+static void prepstate (MatchState *ms, lua_State *L,
+                       const char *s, size_t ls, const char *p, size_t lp) {
+  ms->L = L;
+  ms->matchdepth = MAXCCALLS;
+  ms->src_init = s;
+  ms->src_end = s + ls;
+  ms->p_end = p + lp;
+}
+
+
+static void reprepstate (MatchState *ms) {
+  ms->level = 0;
+  lua_assert(ms->matchdepth == MAXCCALLS);
+}
+
+
+static int str_find_aux (lua_State *L, int find) {
+  size_t ls, lp;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &ls);
+  const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);
+  size_t init = posrelatI(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ls) - 1;
+  if (init > ls) {  /* start after string's end? */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);  /* cannot find anything */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  /* explicit request or no special characters? */
+  if (find && (lua_toboolean(L, 4) || nospecials(p, lp))) {
+    /* do a plain search */
+    const char *s2 = lmemfind(s + init, ls - init, p, lp);
+    if (s2) {
+      lua_pushinteger(L, (s2 - s) + 1);
+      lua_pushinteger(L, (s2 - s) + lp);
+      return 2;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    MatchState ms;
+    const char *s1 = s + init;
+    int anchor = (*p == '^');
+    if (anchor) {
+      p++; lp--;  /* skip anchor character */
+    }
+    prepstate(&ms, L, s, ls, p, lp);
+    do {
+      const char *res;
+      reprepstate(&ms);
+      if ((res=match(&ms, s1, p)) != NULL) {
+        if (find) {
+          lua_pushinteger(L, (s1 - s) + 1);  /* start */
+          lua_pushinteger(L, res - s);   /* end */
+          return push_captures(&ms, NULL, 0) + 2;
+        }
+        else
+          return push_captures(&ms, s1, res);
+      }
+    } while (s1++ < ms.src_end && !anchor);
+  }
+  luaL_pushfail(L);  /* not found */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_find (lua_State *L) {
+  return str_find_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+
+static int str_match (lua_State *L) {
+  return str_find_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+/* state for 'gmatch' */
+typedef struct GMatchState {
+  const char *src;  /* current position */
+  const char *p;  /* pattern */
+  const char *lastmatch;  /* end of last match */
+  MatchState ms;  /* match state */
+} GMatchState;
+
+
+static int gmatch_aux (lua_State *L) {
+  GMatchState *gm = (GMatchState *)lua_touserdata(L, lua_upvalueindex(3));
+  const char *src;
+  gm->ms.L = L;
+  for (src = gm->src; src <= gm->ms.src_end; src++) {
+    const char *e;
+    reprepstate(&gm->ms);
+    if ((e = match(&gm->ms, src, gm->p)) != NULL && e != gm->lastmatch) {
+      gm->src = gm->lastmatch = e;
+      return push_captures(&gm->ms, src, e);
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;  /* not found */
+}
+
+
+static int gmatch (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t ls, lp;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &ls);
+  const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);
+  size_t init = posrelatI(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ls) - 1;
+  GMatchState *gm;
+  lua_settop(L, 2);  /* keep strings on closure to avoid being collected */
+  gm = (GMatchState *)lua_newuserdatauv(L, sizeof(GMatchState), 0);
+  if (init > ls)  /* start after string's end? */
+    init = ls + 1;  /* avoid overflows in 's + init' */
+  prepstate(&gm->ms, L, s, ls, p, lp);
+  gm->src = s + init; gm->p = p; gm->lastmatch = NULL;
+  lua_pushcclosure(L, gmatch_aux, 3);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void add_s (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                                   const char *e) {
+  size_t l;
+  lua_State *L = ms->L;
+  const char *news = lua_tolstring(L, 3, &l);
+  const char *p;
+  while ((p = (char *)memchr(news, L_ESC, l)) != NULL) {
+    luaL_addlstring(b, news, p - news);
+    p++;  /* skip ESC */
+    if (*p == L_ESC)  /* '%%' */
+      luaL_addchar(b, *p);
+    else if (*p == '0')  /* '%0' */
+        luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);
+    else if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) {  /* '%n' */
+      const char *cap;
+      ptrdiff_t resl = get_onecapture(ms, *p - '1', s, e, &cap);
+      if (resl == CAP_POSITION)
+        luaL_addvalue(b);  /* add position to accumulated result */
+      else
+        luaL_addlstring(b, cap, resl);
+    }
+    else
+      luaL_error(L, "invalid use of '%c' in replacement string", L_ESC);
+    l -= p + 1 - news;
+    news = p + 1;
+  }
+  luaL_addlstring(b, news, l);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Add the replacement value to the string buffer 'b'.
+** Return true if the original string was changed. (Function calls and
+** table indexing resulting in nil or false do not change the subject.)
+*/
+static int add_value (MatchState *ms, luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s,
+                                      const char *e, int tr) {
+  lua_State *L = ms->L;
+  switch (tr) {
+    case LUA_TFUNCTION: {  /* call the function */
+      int n;
+      lua_pushvalue(L, 3);  /* push the function */
+      n = push_captures(ms, s, e);  /* all captures as arguments */
+      lua_call(L, n, 1);  /* call it */
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TTABLE: {  /* index the table */
+      push_onecapture(ms, 0, s, e);  /* first capture is the index */
+      lua_gettable(L, 3);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {  /* LUA_TNUMBER or LUA_TSTRING */
+      add_s(ms, b, s, e);  /* add value to the buffer */
+      return 1;  /* something changed */
+    }
+  }
+  if (!lua_toboolean(L, -1)) {  /* nil or false? */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove value */
+    luaL_addlstring(b, s, e - s);  /* keep original text */
+    return 0;  /* no changes */
+  }
+  else if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
+    return luaL_error(L, "invalid replacement value (a %s)",
+                         luaL_typename(L, -1));
+  else {
+    luaL_addvalue(b);  /* add result to accumulator */
+    return 1;  /* something changed */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int str_gsub (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t srcl, lp;
+  const char *src = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &srcl);  /* subject */
+  const char *p = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &lp);  /* pattern */
+  const char *lastmatch = NULL;  /* end of last match */
+  int tr = lua_type(L, 3);  /* replacement type */
+  lua_Integer max_s = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, srcl + 1);  /* max replacements */
+  int anchor = (*p == '^');
+  lua_Integer n = 0;  /* replacement count */
+  int changed = 0;  /* change flag */
+  MatchState ms;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_argexpected(L, tr == LUA_TNUMBER || tr == LUA_TSTRING ||
+                   tr == LUA_TFUNCTION || tr == LUA_TTABLE, 3,
+                      "string/function/table");
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  if (anchor) {
+    p++; lp--;  /* skip anchor character */
+  }
+  prepstate(&ms, L, src, srcl, p, lp);
+  while (n < max_s) {
+    const char *e;
+    reprepstate(&ms);  /* (re)prepare state for new match */
+    if ((e = match(&ms, src, p)) != NULL && e != lastmatch) {  /* match? */
+      n++;
+      changed = add_value(&ms, &b, src, e, tr) | changed;
+      src = lastmatch = e;
+    }
+    else if (src < ms.src_end)  /* otherwise, skip one character */
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *src++);
+    else break;  /* end of subject */
+    if (anchor) break;
+  }
+  if (!changed)  /* no changes? */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 1);  /* return original string */
+  else {  /* something changed */
+    luaL_addlstring(&b, src, ms.src_end-src);
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);  /* create and return new string */
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);  /* number of substitutions */
+  return 2;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** STRING FORMAT
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(lua_number2strx)	/* { */
+
+/*
+** Hexadecimal floating-point formatter
+*/
+
+#define SIZELENMOD	(sizeof(LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN)/sizeof(char))
+
+
+/*
+** Number of bits that goes into the first digit. It can be any value
+** between 1 and 4; the following definition tries to align the number
+** to nibble boundaries by making what is left after that first digit a
+** multiple of 4.
+*/
+#define L_NBFD		((l_floatatt(MANT_DIG) - 1)%4 + 1)
+
+
+/*
+** Add integer part of 'x' to buffer and return new 'x'
+*/
+static lua_Number adddigit (char *buff, int n, lua_Number x) {
+  lua_Number dd = l_mathop(floor)(x);  /* get integer part from 'x' */
+  int d = (int)dd;
+  buff[n] = (d < 10 ? d + '0' : d - 10 + 'a');  /* add to buffer */
+  return x - dd;  /* return what is left */
+}
+
+
+static int num2straux (char *buff, int sz, lua_Number x) {
+  /* if 'inf' or 'NaN', format it like '%g' */
+  if (x != x || x == (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL || x == -(lua_Number)HUGE_VAL)
+    return l_sprintf(buff, sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)x);
+  else if (x == 0) {  /* can be -0... */
+    /* create "0" or "-0" followed by exponent */
+    return l_sprintf(buff, sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT "x0p+0", (LUAI_UACNUMBER)x);
+  }
+  else {
+    int e;
+    lua_Number m = l_mathop(frexp)(x, &e);  /* 'x' fraction and exponent */
+    int n = 0;  /* character count */
+    if (m < 0) {  /* is number negative? */
+      buff[n++] = '-';  /* add sign */
+      m = -m;  /* make it positive */
+    }
+    buff[n++] = '0'; buff[n++] = 'x';  /* add "0x" */
+    m = adddigit(buff, n++, m * (1 << L_NBFD));  /* add first digit */
+    e -= L_NBFD;  /* this digit goes before the radix point */
+    if (m > 0) {  /* more digits? */
+      buff[n++] = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* add radix point */
+      do {  /* add as many digits as needed */
+        m = adddigit(buff, n++, m * 16);
+      } while (m > 0);
+    }
+    n += l_sprintf(buff + n, sz - n, "p%+d", e);  /* add exponent */
+    lua_assert(n < sz);
+    return n;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int lua_number2strx (lua_State *L, char *buff, int sz,
+                            const char *fmt, lua_Number x) {
+  int n = num2straux(buff, sz, x);
+  if (fmt[SIZELENMOD] == 'A') {
+    int i;
+    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+      buff[i] = toupper(uchar(buff[i]));
+  }
+  else if (l_unlikely(fmt[SIZELENMOD] != 'a'))
+    return luaL_error(L, "modifiers for format '%%a'/'%%A' not implemented");
+  return n;
+}
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Maximum size for items formatted with '%f'. This size is produced
+** by format('%.99f', -maxfloat), and is equal to 99 + 3 ('-', '.',
+** and '\0') + number of decimal digits to represent maxfloat (which
+** is maximum exponent + 1). (99+3+1, adding some extra, 110)
+*/
+#define MAX_ITEMF	(110 + l_floatatt(MAX_10_EXP))
+
+
+/*
+** All formats except '%f' do not need that large limit.  The other
+** float formats use exponents, so that they fit in the 99 limit for
+** significant digits; 's' for large strings and 'q' add items directly
+** to the buffer; all integer formats also fit in the 99 limit.  The
+** worst case are floats: they may need 99 significant digits, plus
+** '0x', '-', '.', 'e+XXXX', and '\0'. Adding some extra, 120.
+*/
+#define MAX_ITEM	120
+
+
+/* valid flags in a format specification */
+#if !defined(L_FMTFLAGS)
+#define L_FMTFLAGS	"-+ #0"
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** maximum size of each format specification (such as "%-099.99d")
+*/
+#define MAX_FORMAT	32
+
+
+static void addquoted (luaL_Buffer *b, const char *s, size_t len) {
+  luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+  while (len--) {
+    if (*s == '"' || *s == '\\' || *s == '\n') {
+      luaL_addchar(b, '\\');
+      luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+    }
+    else if (iscntrl(uchar(*s))) {
+      char buff[10];
+      if (!isdigit(uchar(*(s+1))))
+        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%d", (int)uchar(*s));
+      else
+        l_sprintf(buff, sizeof(buff), "\\%03d", (int)uchar(*s));
+      luaL_addstring(b, buff);
+    }
+    else
+      luaL_addchar(b, *s);
+    s++;
+  }
+  luaL_addchar(b, '"');
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Serialize a floating-point number in such a way that it can be
+** scanned back by Lua. Use hexadecimal format for "common" numbers
+** (to preserve precision); inf, -inf, and NaN are handled separately.
+** (NaN cannot be expressed as a numeral, so we write '(0/0)' for it.)
+*/
+static int quotefloat (lua_State *L, char *buff, lua_Number n) {
+  const char *s;  /* for the fixed representations */
+  if (n == (lua_Number)HUGE_VAL)  /* inf? */
+    s = "1e9999";
+  else if (n == -(lua_Number)HUGE_VAL)  /* -inf? */
+    s = "-1e9999";
+  else if (n != n)  /* NaN? */
+    s = "(0/0)";
+  else {  /* format number as hexadecimal */
+    int  nb = lua_number2strx(L, buff, MAX_ITEM,
+                                 "%" LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN "a", n);
+    /* ensures that 'buff' string uses a dot as the radix character */
+    if (memchr(buff, '.', nb) == NULL) {  /* no dot? */
+      char point = lua_getlocaledecpoint();  /* try locale point */
+      char *ppoint = (char *)memchr(buff, point, nb);
+      if (ppoint) *ppoint = '.';  /* change it to a dot */
+    }
+    return nb;
+  }
+  /* for the fixed representations */
+  return l_sprintf(buff, MAX_ITEM, "%s", s);
+}
+
+
+static void addliteral (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, int arg) {
+  switch (lua_type(L, arg)) {
+    case LUA_TSTRING: {
+      size_t len;
+      const char *s = lua_tolstring(L, arg, &len);
+      addquoted(b, s, len);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TNUMBER: {
+      char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(b, MAX_ITEM);
+      int nb;
+      if (!lua_isinteger(L, arg))  /* float? */
+        nb = quotefloat(L, buff, lua_tonumber(L, arg));
+      else {  /* integers */
+        lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, arg);
+        const char *format = (n == LUA_MININTEGER)  /* corner case? */
+                           ? "0x%" LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN "x"  /* use hex */
+                           : LUA_INTEGER_FMT;  /* else use default format */
+        nb = l_sprintf(buff, MAX_ITEM, format, (LUAI_UACINT)n);
+      }
+      luaL_addsize(b, nb);
+      break;
+    }
+    case LUA_TNIL: case LUA_TBOOLEAN: {
+      luaL_tolstring(L, arg, NULL);
+      luaL_addvalue(b);
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      luaL_argerror(L, arg, "value has no literal form");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static const char *scanformat (lua_State *L, const char *strfrmt, char *form) {
+  const char *p = strfrmt;
+  while (*p != '\0' && strchr(L_FMTFLAGS, *p) != NULL) p++;  /* skip flags */
+  if ((size_t)(p - strfrmt) >= sizeof(L_FMTFLAGS)/sizeof(char))
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid format (repeated flags)");
+  if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* skip width */
+  if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
+  if (*p == '.') {
+    p++;
+    if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* skip precision */
+    if (isdigit(uchar(*p))) p++;  /* (2 digits at most) */
+  }
+  if (isdigit(uchar(*p)))
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid format (width or precision too long)");
+  *(form++) = '%';
+  memcpy(form, strfrmt, ((p - strfrmt) + 1) * sizeof(char));
+  form += (p - strfrmt) + 1;
+  *form = '\0';
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** add length modifier into formats
+*/
+static void addlenmod (char *form, const char *lenmod) {
+  size_t l = strlen(form);
+  size_t lm = strlen(lenmod);
+  char spec = form[l - 1];
+  strcpy(form + l - 1, lenmod);
+  form[l + lm - 1] = spec;
+  form[l + lm] = '\0';
+}
+
+
+static int str_format (lua_State *L) {
+  int top = lua_gettop(L);
+  int arg = 1;
+  size_t sfl;
+  const char *strfrmt = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &sfl);
+  const char *strfrmt_end = strfrmt+sfl;
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  while (strfrmt < strfrmt_end) {
+    if (*strfrmt != L_ESC)
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);
+    else if (*++strfrmt == L_ESC)
+      luaL_addchar(&b, *strfrmt++);  /* %% */
+    else { /* format item */
+      char form[MAX_FORMAT];  /* to store the format ('%...') */
+      int maxitem = MAX_ITEM;
+      char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, maxitem);  /* to put formatted item */
+      int nb = 0;  /* number of bytes in added item */
+      if (++arg > top)
+        return luaL_argerror(L, arg, "no value");
+      strfrmt = scanformat(L, strfrmt, form);
+      switch (*strfrmt++) {
+        case 'c': {
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (int)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg));
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'd': case 'i':
+        case 'o': case 'u': case 'x': case 'X': {
+          lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+          addlenmod(form, LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN);
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (LUAI_UACINT)n);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'a': case 'A':
+          addlenmod(form, LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN);
+          nb = lua_number2strx(L, buff, maxitem, form,
+                                  luaL_checknumber(L, arg));
+          break;
+        case 'f':
+          maxitem = MAX_ITEMF;  /* extra space for '%f' */
+          buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, maxitem);
+          /* FALLTHROUGH */
+        case 'e': case 'E': case 'g': case 'G': {
+          lua_Number n = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);
+          addlenmod(form, LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN);
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)n);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'p': {
+          const void *p = lua_topointer(L, arg);
+          if (p == NULL) {  /* avoid calling 'printf' with argument NULL */
+            p = "(null)";  /* result */
+            form[strlen(form) - 1] = 's';  /* format it as a string */
+          }
+          nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, p);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'q': {
+          if (form[2] != '\0')  /* modifiers? */
+            return luaL_error(L, "specifier '%%q' cannot have modifiers");
+          addliteral(L, &b, arg);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 's': {
+          size_t l;
+          const char *s = luaL_tolstring(L, arg, &l);
+          if (form[2] == '\0')  /* no modifiers? */
+            luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* keep entire string */
+          else {
+            luaL_argcheck(L, l == strlen(s), arg, "string contains zeros");
+            if (!strchr(form, '.') && l >= 100) {
+              /* no precision and string is too long to be formatted */
+              luaL_addvalue(&b);  /* keep entire string */
+            }
+            else {  /* format the string into 'buff' */
+              nb = l_sprintf(buff, maxitem, form, s);
+              lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove result from 'luaL_tolstring' */
+            }
+          }
+          break;
+        }
+        default: {  /* also treat cases 'pnLlh' */
+          return luaL_error(L, "invalid conversion '%s' to 'format'", form);
+        }
+      }
+      lua_assert(nb < maxitem);
+      luaL_addsize(&b, nb);
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** PACK/UNPACK
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* value used for padding */
+#if !defined(LUAL_PACKPADBYTE)
+#define LUAL_PACKPADBYTE		0x00
+#endif
+
+/* maximum size for the binary representation of an integer */
+#define MAXINTSIZE	16
+
+/* number of bits in a character */
+#define NB	CHAR_BIT
+
+/* mask for one character (NB 1's) */
+#define MC	((1 << NB) - 1)
+
+/* size of a lua_Integer */
+#define SZINT	((int)sizeof(lua_Integer))
+
+
+/* dummy union to get native endianness */
+static const union {
+  int dummy;
+  char little;  /* true iff machine is little endian */
+} nativeendian = {1};
+
+
+/* dummy structure to get native alignment requirements */
+struct cD {
+  char c;
+  union { double d; void *p; lua_Integer i; lua_Number n; } u;
+};
+
+#define MAXALIGN	(offsetof(struct cD, u))
+
+
+/*
+** information to pack/unpack stuff
+*/
+typedef struct Header {
+  lua_State *L;
+  int islittle;
+  int maxalign;
+} Header;
+
+
+/*
+** options for pack/unpack
+*/
+typedef enum KOption {
+  Kint,		/* signed integers */
+  Kuint,	/* unsigned integers */
+  Kfloat,	/* single-precision floating-point numbers */
+  Knumber,	/* Lua "native" floating-point numbers */
+  Kdouble,	/* double-precision floating-point numbers */
+  Kchar,	/* fixed-length strings */
+  Kstring,	/* strings with prefixed length */
+  Kzstr,	/* zero-terminated strings */
+  Kpadding,	/* padding */
+  Kpaddalign,	/* padding for alignment */
+  Knop		/* no-op (configuration or spaces) */
+} KOption;
+
+
+/*
+** Read an integer numeral from string 'fmt' or return 'df' if
+** there is no numeral
+*/
+static int digit (int c) { return '0' <= c && c <= '9'; }
+
+static int getnum (const char **fmt, int df) {
+  if (!digit(**fmt))  /* no number? */
+    return df;  /* return default value */
+  else {
+    int a = 0;
+    do {
+      a = a*10 + (*((*fmt)++) - '0');
+    } while (digit(**fmt) && a <= ((int)MAXSIZE - 9)/10);
+    return a;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read an integer numeral and raises an error if it is larger
+** than the maximum size for integers.
+*/
+static int getnumlimit (Header *h, const char **fmt, int df) {
+  int sz = getnum(fmt, df);
+  if (l_unlikely(sz > MAXINTSIZE || sz <= 0))
+    return luaL_error(h->L, "integral size (%d) out of limits [1,%d]",
+                            sz, MAXINTSIZE);
+  return sz;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Initialize Header
+*/
+static void initheader (lua_State *L, Header *h) {
+  h->L = L;
+  h->islittle = nativeendian.little;
+  h->maxalign = 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read and classify next option. 'size' is filled with option's size.
+*/
+static KOption getoption (Header *h, const char **fmt, int *size) {
+  int opt = *((*fmt)++);
+  *size = 0;  /* default */
+  switch (opt) {
+    case 'b': *size = sizeof(char); return Kint;
+    case 'B': *size = sizeof(char); return Kuint;
+    case 'h': *size = sizeof(short); return Kint;
+    case 'H': *size = sizeof(short); return Kuint;
+    case 'l': *size = sizeof(long); return Kint;
+    case 'L': *size = sizeof(long); return Kuint;
+    case 'j': *size = sizeof(lua_Integer); return Kint;
+    case 'J': *size = sizeof(lua_Integer); return Kuint;
+    case 'T': *size = sizeof(size_t); return Kuint;
+    case 'f': *size = sizeof(float); return Kfloat;
+    case 'n': *size = sizeof(lua_Number); return Knumber;
+    case 'd': *size = sizeof(double); return Kdouble;
+    case 'i': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(int)); return Kint;
+    case 'I': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(int)); return Kuint;
+    case 's': *size = getnumlimit(h, fmt, sizeof(size_t)); return Kstring;
+    case 'c':
+      *size = getnum(fmt, -1);
+      if (l_unlikely(*size == -1))
+        luaL_error(h->L, "missing size for format option 'c'");
+      return Kchar;
+    case 'z': return Kzstr;
+    case 'x': *size = 1; return Kpadding;
+    case 'X': return Kpaddalign;
+    case ' ': break;
+    case '<': h->islittle = 1; break;
+    case '>': h->islittle = 0; break;
+    case '=': h->islittle = nativeendian.little; break;
+    case '!': h->maxalign = getnumlimit(h, fmt, MAXALIGN); break;
+    default: luaL_error(h->L, "invalid format option '%c'", opt);
+  }
+  return Knop;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read, classify, and fill other details about the next option.
+** 'psize' is filled with option's size, 'notoalign' with its
+** alignment requirements.
+** Local variable 'size' gets the size to be aligned. (Kpadal option
+** always gets its full alignment, other options are limited by
+** the maximum alignment ('maxalign'). Kchar option needs no alignment
+** despite its size.
+*/
+static KOption getdetails (Header *h, size_t totalsize,
+                           const char **fmt, int *psize, int *ntoalign) {
+  KOption opt = getoption(h, fmt, psize);
+  int align = *psize;  /* usually, alignment follows size */
+  if (opt == Kpaddalign) {  /* 'X' gets alignment from following option */
+    if (**fmt == '\0' || getoption(h, fmt, &align) == Kchar || align == 0)
+      luaL_argerror(h->L, 1, "invalid next option for option 'X'");
+  }
+  if (align <= 1 || opt == Kchar)  /* need no alignment? */
+    *ntoalign = 0;
+  else {
+    if (align > h->maxalign)  /* enforce maximum alignment */
+      align = h->maxalign;
+    if (l_unlikely((align & (align - 1)) != 0))  /* not a power of 2? */
+      luaL_argerror(h->L, 1, "format asks for alignment not power of 2");
+    *ntoalign = (align - (int)(totalsize & (align - 1))) & (align - 1);
+  }
+  return opt;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Pack integer 'n' with 'size' bytes and 'islittle' endianness.
+** The final 'if' handles the case when 'size' is larger than
+** the size of a Lua integer, correcting the extra sign-extension
+** bytes if necessary (by default they would be zeros).
+*/
+static void packint (luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Unsigned n,
+                     int islittle, int size, int neg) {
+  char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(b, size);
+  int i;
+  buff[islittle ? 0 : size - 1] = (char)(n & MC);  /* first byte */
+  for (i = 1; i < size; i++) {
+    n >>= NB;
+    buff[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i] = (char)(n & MC);
+  }
+  if (neg && size > SZINT) {  /* negative number need sign extension? */
+    for (i = SZINT; i < size; i++)  /* correct extra bytes */
+      buff[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i] = (char)MC;
+  }
+  luaL_addsize(b, size);  /* add result to buffer */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Copy 'size' bytes from 'src' to 'dest', correcting endianness if
+** given 'islittle' is different from native endianness.
+*/
+static void copywithendian (char *dest, const char *src,
+                            int size, int islittle) {
+  if (islittle == nativeendian.little)
+    memcpy(dest, src, size);
+  else {
+    dest += size - 1;
+    while (size-- != 0)
+      *(dest--) = *(src++);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int str_pack (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  Header h;
+  const char *fmt = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);  /* format string */
+  int arg = 1;  /* current argument to pack */
+  size_t totalsize = 0;  /* accumulate total size of result */
+  initheader(L, &h);
+  lua_pushnil(L);  /* mark to separate arguments from string buffer */
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  while (*fmt != '\0') {
+    int size, ntoalign;
+    KOption opt = getdetails(&h, totalsize, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
+    totalsize += ntoalign + size;
+    while (ntoalign-- > 0)
+     luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);  /* fill alignment */
+    arg++;
+    switch (opt) {
+      case Kint: {  /* signed integers */
+        lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+        if (size < SZINT) {  /* need overflow check? */
+          lua_Integer lim = (lua_Integer)1 << ((size * NB) - 1);
+          luaL_argcheck(L, -lim <= n && n < lim, arg, "integer overflow");
+        }
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, size, (n < 0));
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kuint: {  /* unsigned integers */
+        lua_Integer n = luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+        if (size < SZINT)  /* need overflow check? */
+          luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)n < ((lua_Unsigned)1 << (size * NB)),
+                           arg, "unsigned overflow");
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)n, h.islittle, size, 0);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kfloat: {  /* C float */
+        float f = (float)luaL_checknumber(L, arg);  /* get argument */
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, sizeof(f));
+        /* move 'f' to final result, correcting endianness if needed */
+        copywithendian(buff, (char *)&f, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Knumber: {  /* Lua float */
+        lua_Number f = luaL_checknumber(L, arg);  /* get argument */
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, sizeof(f));
+        /* move 'f' to final result, correcting endianness if needed */
+        copywithendian(buff, (char *)&f, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kdouble: {  /* C double */
+        double f = (double)luaL_checknumber(L, arg);  /* get argument */
+        char *buff = luaL_prepbuffsize(&b, sizeof(f));
+        /* move 'f' to final result, correcting endianness if needed */
+        copywithendian(buff, (char *)&f, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        luaL_addsize(&b, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kchar: {  /* fixed-size string */
+        size_t len;
+        const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, len <= (size_t)size, arg,
+                         "string longer than given size");
+        luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);  /* add string */
+        while (len++ < (size_t)size)  /* pad extra space */
+          luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kstring: {  /* strings with length count */
+        size_t len;
+        const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, size >= (int)sizeof(size_t) ||
+                         len < ((size_t)1 << (size * NB)),
+                         arg, "string length does not fit in given size");
+        packint(&b, (lua_Unsigned)len, h.islittle, size, 0);  /* pack length */
+        luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);
+        totalsize += len;
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kzstr: {  /* zero-terminated string */
+        size_t len;
+        const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, arg, &len);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, strlen(s) == len, arg, "string contains zeros");
+        luaL_addlstring(&b, s, len);
+        luaL_addchar(&b, '\0');  /* add zero at the end */
+        totalsize += len + 1;
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kpadding: luaL_addchar(&b, LUAL_PACKPADBYTE);  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case Kpaddalign: case Knop:
+        arg--;  /* undo increment */
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int str_packsize (lua_State *L) {
+  Header h;
+  const char *fmt = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);  /* format string */
+  size_t totalsize = 0;  /* accumulate total size of result */
+  initheader(L, &h);
+  while (*fmt != '\0') {
+    int size, ntoalign;
+    KOption opt = getdetails(&h, totalsize, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, opt != Kstring && opt != Kzstr, 1,
+                     "variable-length format");
+    size += ntoalign;  /* total space used by option */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, totalsize <= MAXSIZE - size, 1,
+                     "format result too large");
+    totalsize += size;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)totalsize);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Unpack an integer with 'size' bytes and 'islittle' endianness.
+** If size is smaller than the size of a Lua integer and integer
+** is signed, must do sign extension (propagating the sign to the
+** higher bits); if size is larger than the size of a Lua integer,
+** it must check the unread bytes to see whether they do not cause an
+** overflow.
+*/
+static lua_Integer unpackint (lua_State *L, const char *str,
+                              int islittle, int size, int issigned) {
+  lua_Unsigned res = 0;
+  int i;
+  int limit = (size  <= SZINT) ? size : SZINT;
+  for (i = limit - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+    res <<= NB;
+    res |= (lua_Unsigned)(unsigned char)str[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i];
+  }
+  if (size < SZINT) {  /* real size smaller than lua_Integer? */
+    if (issigned) {  /* needs sign extension? */
+      lua_Unsigned mask = (lua_Unsigned)1 << (size*NB - 1);
+      res = ((res ^ mask) - mask);  /* do sign extension */
+    }
+  }
+  else if (size > SZINT) {  /* must check unread bytes */
+    int mask = (!issigned || (lua_Integer)res >= 0) ? 0 : MC;
+    for (i = limit; i < size; i++) {
+      if (l_unlikely((unsigned char)str[islittle ? i : size - 1 - i] != mask))
+        luaL_error(L, "%d-byte integer does not fit into Lua Integer", size);
+    }
+  }
+  return (lua_Integer)res;
+}
+
+
+static int str_unpack (lua_State *L) {
+  Header h;
+  const char *fmt = luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  size_t ld;
+  const char *data = luaL_checklstring(L, 2, &ld);
+  size_t pos = posrelatI(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1), ld) - 1;
+  int n = 0;  /* number of results */
+  luaL_argcheck(L, pos <= ld, 3, "initial position out of string");
+  initheader(L, &h);
+  while (*fmt != '\0') {
+    int size, ntoalign;
+    KOption opt = getdetails(&h, pos, &fmt, &size, &ntoalign);
+    luaL_argcheck(L, (size_t)ntoalign + size <= ld - pos, 2,
+                    "data string too short");
+    pos += ntoalign;  /* skip alignment */
+    /* stack space for item + next position */
+    luaL_checkstack(L, 2, "too many results");
+    n++;
+    switch (opt) {
+      case Kint:
+      case Kuint: {
+        lua_Integer res = unpackint(L, data + pos, h.islittle, size,
+                                       (opt == Kint));
+        lua_pushinteger(L, res);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kfloat: {
+        float f;
+        copywithendian((char *)&f, data + pos, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Knumber: {
+        lua_Number f;
+        copywithendian((char *)&f, data + pos, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        lua_pushnumber(L, f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kdouble: {
+        double f;
+        copywithendian((char *)&f, data + pos, sizeof(f), h.islittle);
+        lua_pushnumber(L, (lua_Number)f);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kchar: {
+        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos, size);
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kstring: {
+        size_t len = (size_t)unpackint(L, data + pos, h.islittle, size, 0);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, len <= ld - pos - size, 2, "data string too short");
+        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos + size, len);
+        pos += len;  /* skip string */
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kzstr: {
+        size_t len = strlen(data + pos);
+        luaL_argcheck(L, pos + len < ld, 2,
+                         "unfinished string for format 'z'");
+        lua_pushlstring(L, data + pos, len);
+        pos += len + 1;  /* skip string plus final '\0' */
+        break;
+      }
+      case Kpaddalign: case Kpadding: case Knop:
+        n--;  /* undo increment */
+        break;
+    }
+    pos += size;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, pos + 1);  /* next position */
+  return n + 1;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg strlib[] = {
+  {"byte", str_byte},
+  {"char", str_char},
+  {"dump", str_dump},
+  {"find", str_find},
+  {"format", str_format},
+  {"gmatch", gmatch},
+  {"gsub", str_gsub},
+  {"len", str_len},
+  {"lower", str_lower},
+  {"match", str_match},
+  {"rep", str_rep},
+  {"reverse", str_reverse},
+  {"sub", str_sub},
+  {"upper", str_upper},
+  {"pack", str_pack},
+  {"packsize", str_packsize},
+  {"unpack", str_unpack},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+static void createmetatable (lua_State *L) {
+  /* table to be metatable for strings */
+  luaL_newlibtable(L, stringmetamethods);
+  luaL_setfuncs(L, stringmetamethods, 0);
+  lua_pushliteral(L, "");  /* dummy string */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* copy table */
+  lua_setmetatable(L, -2);  /* set table as metatable for strings */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop dummy string */
+  lua_pushvalue(L, -2);  /* get string library */
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "__index");  /* metatable.__index = string */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop metatable */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Open string library
+*/
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_string (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, strlib);
+  createmetatable(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ltable.c b/external/lua/src/ltable.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33c1ab3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ltable.c
@@ -0,0 +1,971 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.c $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ltable_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Implementation of tables (aka arrays, objects, or hash tables).
+** Tables keep its elements in two parts: an array part and a hash part.
+** Non-negative integer keys are all candidates to be kept in the array
+** part. The actual size of the array is the largest 'n' such that
+** more than half the slots between 1 and n are in use.
+** Hash uses a mix of chained scatter table with Brent's variation.
+** A main invariant of these tables is that, if an element is not
+** in its main position (i.e. the 'original' position that its hash gives
+** to it), then the colliding element is in its own main position.
+** Hence even when the load factor reaches 100%, performance remains good.
+*/
+
+#include <math.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** MAXABITS is the largest integer such that MAXASIZE fits in an
+** unsigned int.
+*/
+#define MAXABITS	cast_int(sizeof(int) * CHAR_BIT - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** MAXASIZE is the maximum size of the array part. It is the minimum
+** between 2^MAXABITS and the maximum size that, measured in bytes,
+** fits in a 'size_t'.
+*/
+#define MAXASIZE	luaM_limitN(1u << MAXABITS, TValue)
+
+/*
+** MAXHBITS is the largest integer such that 2^MAXHBITS fits in a
+** signed int.
+*/
+#define MAXHBITS	(MAXABITS - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** MAXHSIZE is the maximum size of the hash part. It is the minimum
+** between 2^MAXHBITS and the maximum size such that, measured in bytes,
+** it fits in a 'size_t'.
+*/
+#define MAXHSIZE	luaM_limitN(1u << MAXHBITS, Node)
+
+
+/*
+** When the original hash value is good, hashing by a power of 2
+** avoids the cost of '%'.
+*/
+#define hashpow2(t,n)		(gnode(t, lmod((n), sizenode(t))))
+
+/*
+** for other types, it is better to avoid modulo by power of 2, as
+** they can have many 2 factors.
+*/
+#define hashmod(t,n)	(gnode(t, ((n) % ((sizenode(t)-1)|1))))
+
+
+#define hashstr(t,str)		hashpow2(t, (str)->hash)
+#define hashboolean(t,p)	hashpow2(t, p)
+
+#define hashint(t,i)		hashpow2(t, i)
+
+
+#define hashpointer(t,p)	hashmod(t, point2uint(p))
+
+
+#define dummynode		(&dummynode_)
+
+static const Node dummynode_ = {
+  {{NULL}, LUA_VEMPTY,  /* value's value and type */
+   LUA_VNIL, 0, {NULL}}  /* key type, next, and key value */
+};
+
+
+static const TValue absentkey = {ABSTKEYCONSTANT};
+
+
+
+/*
+** Hash for floating-point numbers.
+** The main computation should be just
+**     n = frexp(n, &i); return (n * INT_MAX) + i
+** but there are some numerical subtleties.
+** In a two-complement representation, INT_MAX does not has an exact
+** representation as a float, but INT_MIN does; because the absolute
+** value of 'frexp' is smaller than 1 (unless 'n' is inf/NaN), the
+** absolute value of the product 'frexp * -INT_MIN' is smaller or equal
+** to INT_MAX. Next, the use of 'unsigned int' avoids overflows when
+** adding 'i'; the use of '~u' (instead of '-u') avoids problems with
+** INT_MIN.
+*/
+#if !defined(l_hashfloat)
+static int l_hashfloat (lua_Number n) {
+  int i;
+  lua_Integer ni;
+  n = l_mathop(frexp)(n, &i) * -cast_num(INT_MIN);
+  if (!lua_numbertointeger(n, &ni)) {  /* is 'n' inf/-inf/NaN? */
+    lua_assert(luai_numisnan(n) || l_mathop(fabs)(n) == cast_num(HUGE_VAL));
+    return 0;
+  }
+  else {  /* normal case */
+    unsigned int u = cast_uint(i) + cast_uint(ni);
+    return cast_int(u <= cast_uint(INT_MAX) ? u : ~u);
+  }
+}
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** returns the 'main' position of an element in a table (that is,
+** the index of its hash value). The key comes broken (tag in 'ktt'
+** and value in 'vkl') so that we can call it on keys inserted into
+** nodes.
+*/
+static Node *mainposition (const Table *t, int ktt, const Value *kvl) {
+  switch (withvariant(ktt)) {
+    case LUA_VNUMINT: {
+      lua_Integer key = ivalueraw(*kvl);
+      return hashint(t, key);
+    }
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT: {
+      lua_Number n = fltvalueraw(*kvl);
+      return hashmod(t, l_hashfloat(n));
+    }
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: {
+      TString *ts = tsvalueraw(*kvl);
+      return hashstr(t, ts);
+    }
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      TString *ts = tsvalueraw(*kvl);
+      return hashpow2(t, luaS_hashlongstr(ts));
+    }
+    case LUA_VFALSE:
+      return hashboolean(t, 0);
+    case LUA_VTRUE:
+      return hashboolean(t, 1);
+    case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA: {
+      void *p = pvalueraw(*kvl);
+      return hashpointer(t, p);
+    }
+    case LUA_VLCF: {
+      lua_CFunction f = fvalueraw(*kvl);
+      return hashpointer(t, f);
+    }
+    default: {
+      GCObject *o = gcvalueraw(*kvl);
+      return hashpointer(t, o);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Returns the main position of an element given as a 'TValue'
+*/
+static Node *mainpositionTV (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+  return mainposition(t, rawtt(key), valraw(key));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether key 'k1' is equal to the key in node 'n2'. This
+** equality is raw, so there are no metamethods. Floats with integer
+** values have been normalized, so integers cannot be equal to
+** floats. It is assumed that 'eqshrstr' is simply pointer equality, so
+** that short strings are handled in the default case.
+** A true 'deadok' means to accept dead keys as equal to their original
+** values. All dead keys are compared in the default case, by pointer
+** identity. (Only collectable objects can produce dead keys.) Note that
+** dead long strings are also compared by identity.
+** Once a key is dead, its corresponding value may be collected, and
+** then another value can be created with the same address. If this
+** other value is given to 'next', 'equalkey' will signal a false
+** positive. In a regular traversal, this situation should never happen,
+** as all keys given to 'next' came from the table itself, and therefore
+** could not have been collected. Outside a regular traversal, we
+** have garbage in, garbage out. What is relevant is that this false
+** positive does not break anything.  (In particular, 'next' will return
+** some other valid item on the table or nil.)
+*/
+static int equalkey (const TValue *k1, const Node *n2, int deadok) {
+  if ((rawtt(k1) != keytt(n2)) &&  /* not the same variants? */
+       !(deadok && keyisdead(n2) && iscollectable(k1)))
+   return 0;  /* cannot be same key */
+  switch (keytt(n2)) {
+    case LUA_VNIL: case LUA_VFALSE: case LUA_VTRUE:
+      return 1;
+    case LUA_VNUMINT:
+      return (ivalue(k1) == keyival(n2));
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+      return luai_numeq(fltvalue(k1), fltvalueraw(keyval(n2)));
+    case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA:
+      return pvalue(k1) == pvalueraw(keyval(n2));
+    case LUA_VLCF:
+      return fvalue(k1) == fvalueraw(keyval(n2));
+    case ctb(LUA_VLNGSTR):
+      return luaS_eqlngstr(tsvalue(k1), keystrval(n2));
+    default:
+      return gcvalue(k1) == gcvalueraw(keyval(n2));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** True if value of 'alimit' is equal to the real size of the array
+** part of table 't'. (Otherwise, the array part must be larger than
+** 'alimit'.)
+*/
+#define limitequalsasize(t)	(isrealasize(t) || ispow2((t)->alimit))
+
+
+/*
+** Returns the real size of the 'array' array
+*/
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaH_realasize (const Table *t) {
+  if (limitequalsasize(t))
+    return t->alimit;  /* this is the size */
+  else {
+    unsigned int size = t->alimit;
+    /* compute the smallest power of 2 not smaller than 'n' */
+    size |= (size >> 1);
+    size |= (size >> 2);
+    size |= (size >> 4);
+    size |= (size >> 8);
+    size |= (size >> 16);
+#if (UINT_MAX >> 30) > 3
+    size |= (size >> 32);  /* unsigned int has more than 32 bits */
+#endif
+    size++;
+    lua_assert(ispow2(size) && size/2 < t->alimit && t->alimit < size);
+    return size;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether real size of the array is a power of 2.
+** (If it is not, 'alimit' cannot be changed to any other value
+** without changing the real size.)
+*/
+static int ispow2realasize (const Table *t) {
+  return (!isrealasize(t) || ispow2(t->alimit));
+}
+
+
+static unsigned int setlimittosize (Table *t) {
+  t->alimit = luaH_realasize(t);
+  setrealasize(t);
+  return t->alimit;
+}
+
+
+#define limitasasize(t)	check_exp(isrealasize(t), t->alimit)
+
+
+
+/*
+** "Generic" get version. (Not that generic: not valid for integers,
+** which may be in array part, nor for floats with integral values.)
+** See explanation about 'deadok' in function 'equalkey'.
+*/
+static const TValue *getgeneric (Table *t, const TValue *key, int deadok) {
+  Node *n = mainpositionTV(t, key);
+  for (;;) {  /* check whether 'key' is somewhere in the chain */
+    if (equalkey(key, n, deadok))
+      return gval(n);  /* that's it */
+    else {
+      int nx = gnext(n);
+      if (nx == 0)
+        return &absentkey;  /* not found */
+      n += nx;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index for 'k' if 'k' is an appropriate key to live in
+** the array part of a table, 0 otherwise.
+*/
+static unsigned int arrayindex (lua_Integer k) {
+  if (l_castS2U(k) - 1u < MAXASIZE)  /* 'k' in [1, MAXASIZE]? */
+    return cast_uint(k);  /* 'key' is an appropriate array index */
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** returns the index of a 'key' for table traversals. First goes all
+** elements in the array part, then elements in the hash part. The
+** beginning of a traversal is signaled by 0.
+*/
+static unsigned int findindex (lua_State *L, Table *t, TValue *key,
+                               unsigned int asize) {
+  unsigned int i;
+  if (ttisnil(key)) return 0;  /* first iteration */
+  i = ttisinteger(key) ? arrayindex(ivalue(key)) : 0;
+  if (i - 1u < asize)  /* is 'key' inside array part? */
+    return i;  /* yes; that's the index */
+  else {
+    const TValue *n = getgeneric(t, key, 1);
+    if (l_unlikely(isabstkey(n)))
+      luaG_runerror(L, "invalid key to 'next'");  /* key not found */
+    i = cast_int(nodefromval(n) - gnode(t, 0));  /* key index in hash table */
+    /* hash elements are numbered after array ones */
+    return (i + 1) + asize;
+  }
+}
+
+
+int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key) {
+  unsigned int asize = luaH_realasize(t);
+  unsigned int i = findindex(L, t, s2v(key), asize);  /* find original key */
+  for (; i < asize; i++) {  /* try first array part */
+    if (!isempty(&t->array[i])) {  /* a non-empty entry? */
+      setivalue(s2v(key), i + 1);
+      setobj2s(L, key + 1, &t->array[i]);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  for (i -= asize; cast_int(i) < sizenode(t); i++) {  /* hash part */
+    if (!isempty(gval(gnode(t, i)))) {  /* a non-empty entry? */
+      Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+      getnodekey(L, s2v(key), n);
+      setobj2s(L, key + 1, gval(n));
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;  /* no more elements */
+}
+
+
+static void freehash (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+  if (!isdummy(t))
+    luaM_freearray(L, t->node, cast_sizet(sizenode(t)));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {=============================================================
+** Rehash
+** ==============================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** Compute the optimal size for the array part of table 't'. 'nums' is a
+** "count array" where 'nums[i]' is the number of integers in the table
+** between 2^(i - 1) + 1 and 2^i. 'pna' enters with the total number of
+** integer keys in the table and leaves with the number of keys that
+** will go to the array part; return the optimal size.  (The condition
+** 'twotoi > 0' in the for loop stops the loop if 'twotoi' overflows.)
+*/
+static unsigned int computesizes (unsigned int nums[], unsigned int *pna) {
+  int i;
+  unsigned int twotoi;  /* 2^i (candidate for optimal size) */
+  unsigned int a = 0;  /* number of elements smaller than 2^i */
+  unsigned int na = 0;  /* number of elements to go to array part */
+  unsigned int optimal = 0;  /* optimal size for array part */
+  /* loop while keys can fill more than half of total size */
+  for (i = 0, twotoi = 1;
+       twotoi > 0 && *pna > twotoi / 2;
+       i++, twotoi *= 2) {
+    a += nums[i];
+    if (a > twotoi/2) {  /* more than half elements present? */
+      optimal = twotoi;  /* optimal size (till now) */
+      na = a;  /* all elements up to 'optimal' will go to array part */
+    }
+  }
+  lua_assert((optimal == 0 || optimal / 2 < na) && na <= optimal);
+  *pna = na;
+  return optimal;
+}
+
+
+static int countint (lua_Integer key, unsigned int *nums) {
+  unsigned int k = arrayindex(key);
+  if (k != 0) {  /* is 'key' an appropriate array index? */
+    nums[luaO_ceillog2(k)]++;  /* count as such */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Count keys in array part of table 't': Fill 'nums[i]' with
+** number of keys that will go into corresponding slice and return
+** total number of non-nil keys.
+*/
+static unsigned int numusearray (const Table *t, unsigned int *nums) {
+  int lg;
+  unsigned int ttlg;  /* 2^lg */
+  unsigned int ause = 0;  /* summation of 'nums' */
+  unsigned int i = 1;  /* count to traverse all array keys */
+  unsigned int asize = limitasasize(t);  /* real array size */
+  /* traverse each slice */
+  for (lg = 0, ttlg = 1; lg <= MAXABITS; lg++, ttlg *= 2) {
+    unsigned int lc = 0;  /* counter */
+    unsigned int lim = ttlg;
+    if (lim > asize) {
+      lim = asize;  /* adjust upper limit */
+      if (i > lim)
+        break;  /* no more elements to count */
+    }
+    /* count elements in range (2^(lg - 1), 2^lg] */
+    for (; i <= lim; i++) {
+      if (!isempty(&t->array[i-1]))
+        lc++;
+    }
+    nums[lg] += lc;
+    ause += lc;
+  }
+  return ause;
+}
+
+
+static int numusehash (const Table *t, unsigned int *nums, unsigned int *pna) {
+  int totaluse = 0;  /* total number of elements */
+  int ause = 0;  /* elements added to 'nums' (can go to array part) */
+  int i = sizenode(t);
+  while (i--) {
+    Node *n = &t->node[i];
+    if (!isempty(gval(n))) {
+      if (keyisinteger(n))
+        ause += countint(keyival(n), nums);
+      totaluse++;
+    }
+  }
+  *pna += ause;
+  return totaluse;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Creates an array for the hash part of a table with the given
+** size, or reuses the dummy node if size is zero.
+** The computation for size overflow is in two steps: the first
+** comparison ensures that the shift in the second one does not
+** overflow.
+*/
+static void setnodevector (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int size) {
+  if (size == 0) {  /* no elements to hash part? */
+    t->node = cast(Node *, dummynode);  /* use common 'dummynode' */
+    t->lsizenode = 0;
+    t->lastfree = NULL;  /* signal that it is using dummy node */
+  }
+  else {
+    int i;
+    int lsize = luaO_ceillog2(size);
+    if (lsize > MAXHBITS || (1u << lsize) > MAXHSIZE)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "table overflow");
+    size = twoto(lsize);
+    t->node = luaM_newvector(L, size, Node);
+    for (i = 0; i < (int)size; i++) {
+      Node *n = gnode(t, i);
+      gnext(n) = 0;
+      setnilkey(n);
+      setempty(gval(n));
+    }
+    t->lsizenode = cast_byte(lsize);
+    t->lastfree = gnode(t, size);  /* all positions are free */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** (Re)insert all elements from the hash part of 'ot' into table 't'.
+*/
+static void reinsert (lua_State *L, Table *ot, Table *t) {
+  int j;
+  int size = sizenode(ot);
+  for (j = 0; j < size; j++) {
+    Node *old = gnode(ot, j);
+    if (!isempty(gval(old))) {
+      /* doesn't need barrier/invalidate cache, as entry was
+         already present in the table */
+      TValue k;
+      getnodekey(L, &k, old);
+      luaH_set(L, t, &k, gval(old));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Exchange the hash part of 't1' and 't2'.
+*/
+static void exchangehashpart (Table *t1, Table *t2) {
+  lu_byte lsizenode = t1->lsizenode;
+  Node *node = t1->node;
+  Node *lastfree = t1->lastfree;
+  t1->lsizenode = t2->lsizenode;
+  t1->node = t2->node;
+  t1->lastfree = t2->lastfree;
+  t2->lsizenode = lsizenode;
+  t2->node = node;
+  t2->lastfree = lastfree;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Resize table 't' for the new given sizes. Both allocations (for
+** the hash part and for the array part) can fail, which creates some
+** subtleties. If the first allocation, for the hash part, fails, an
+** error is raised and that is it. Otherwise, it copies the elements from
+** the shrinking part of the array (if it is shrinking) into the new
+** hash. Then it reallocates the array part.  If that fails, the table
+** is in its original state; the function frees the new hash part and then
+** raises the allocation error. Otherwise, it sets the new hash part
+** into the table, initializes the new part of the array (if any) with
+** nils and reinserts the elements of the old hash back into the new
+** parts of the table.
+*/
+void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int newasize,
+                                          unsigned int nhsize) {
+  unsigned int i;
+  Table newt;  /* to keep the new hash part */
+  unsigned int oldasize = setlimittosize(t);
+  TValue *newarray;
+  /* create new hash part with appropriate size into 'newt' */
+  setnodevector(L, &newt, nhsize);
+  if (newasize < oldasize) {  /* will array shrink? */
+    t->alimit = newasize;  /* pretend array has new size... */
+    exchangehashpart(t, &newt);  /* and new hash */
+    /* re-insert into the new hash the elements from vanishing slice */
+    for (i = newasize; i < oldasize; i++) {
+      if (!isempty(&t->array[i]))
+        luaH_setint(L, t, i + 1, &t->array[i]);
+    }
+    t->alimit = oldasize;  /* restore current size... */
+    exchangehashpart(t, &newt);  /* and hash (in case of errors) */
+  }
+  /* allocate new array */
+  newarray = luaM_reallocvector(L, t->array, oldasize, newasize, TValue);
+  if (l_unlikely(newarray == NULL && newasize > 0)) {  /* allocation failed? */
+    freehash(L, &newt);  /* release new hash part */
+    luaM_error(L);  /* raise error (with array unchanged) */
+  }
+  /* allocation ok; initialize new part of the array */
+  exchangehashpart(t, &newt);  /* 't' has the new hash ('newt' has the old) */
+  t->array = newarray;  /* set new array part */
+  t->alimit = newasize;
+  for (i = oldasize; i < newasize; i++)  /* clear new slice of the array */
+     setempty(&t->array[i]);
+  /* re-insert elements from old hash part into new parts */
+  reinsert(L, &newt, t);  /* 'newt' now has the old hash */
+  freehash(L, &newt);  /* free old hash part */
+}
+
+
+void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize) {
+  int nsize = allocsizenode(t);
+  luaH_resize(L, t, nasize, nsize);
+}
+
+/*
+** nums[i] = number of keys 'k' where 2^(i - 1) < k <= 2^i
+*/
+static void rehash (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *ek) {
+  unsigned int asize;  /* optimal size for array part */
+  unsigned int na;  /* number of keys in the array part */
+  unsigned int nums[MAXABITS + 1];
+  int i;
+  int totaluse;
+  for (i = 0; i <= MAXABITS; i++) nums[i] = 0;  /* reset counts */
+  setlimittosize(t);
+  na = numusearray(t, nums);  /* count keys in array part */
+  totaluse = na;  /* all those keys are integer keys */
+  totaluse += numusehash(t, nums, &na);  /* count keys in hash part */
+  /* count extra key */
+  if (ttisinteger(ek))
+    na += countint(ivalue(ek), nums);
+  totaluse++;
+  /* compute new size for array part */
+  asize = computesizes(nums, &na);
+  /* resize the table to new computed sizes */
+  luaH_resize(L, t, asize, totaluse - na);
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** }=============================================================
+*/
+
+
+Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L) {
+  GCObject *o = luaC_newobj(L, LUA_VTABLE, sizeof(Table));
+  Table *t = gco2t(o);
+  t->metatable = NULL;
+  t->flags = cast_byte(maskflags);  /* table has no metamethod fields */
+  t->array = NULL;
+  t->alimit = 0;
+  setnodevector(L, t, 0);
+  return t;
+}
+
+
+void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t) {
+  freehash(L, t);
+  luaM_freearray(L, t->array, luaH_realasize(t));
+  luaM_free(L, t);
+}
+
+
+static Node *getfreepos (Table *t) {
+  if (!isdummy(t)) {
+    while (t->lastfree > t->node) {
+      t->lastfree--;
+      if (keyisnil(t->lastfree))
+        return t->lastfree;
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;  /* could not find a free place */
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+** inserts a new key into a hash table; first, check whether key's main
+** position is free. If not, check whether colliding node is in its main
+** position or not: if it is not, move colliding node to an empty place and
+** put new key in its main position; otherwise (colliding node is in its main
+** position), new key goes to an empty position.
+*/
+void luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *value) {
+  Node *mp;
+  TValue aux;
+  if (l_unlikely(ttisnil(key)))
+    luaG_runerror(L, "table index is nil");
+  else if (ttisfloat(key)) {
+    lua_Number f = fltvalue(key);
+    lua_Integer k;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &k, F2Ieq)) {  /* does key fit in an integer? */
+      setivalue(&aux, k);
+      key = &aux;  /* insert it as an integer */
+    }
+    else if (l_unlikely(luai_numisnan(f)))
+      luaG_runerror(L, "table index is NaN");
+  }
+  if (ttisnil(value))
+    return;  /* do not insert nil values */
+  mp = mainpositionTV(t, key);
+  if (!isempty(gval(mp)) || isdummy(t)) {  /* main position is taken? */
+    Node *othern;
+    Node *f = getfreepos(t);  /* get a free place */
+    if (f == NULL) {  /* cannot find a free place? */
+      rehash(L, t, key);  /* grow table */
+      /* whatever called 'newkey' takes care of TM cache */
+      luaH_set(L, t, key, value);  /* insert key into grown table */
+      return;
+    }
+    lua_assert(!isdummy(t));
+    othern = mainposition(t, keytt(mp), &keyval(mp));
+    if (othern != mp) {  /* is colliding node out of its main position? */
+      /* yes; move colliding node into free position */
+      while (othern + gnext(othern) != mp)  /* find previous */
+        othern += gnext(othern);
+      gnext(othern) = cast_int(f - othern);  /* rechain to point to 'f' */
+      *f = *mp;  /* copy colliding node into free pos. (mp->next also goes) */
+      if (gnext(mp) != 0) {
+        gnext(f) += cast_int(mp - f);  /* correct 'next' */
+        gnext(mp) = 0;  /* now 'mp' is free */
+      }
+      setempty(gval(mp));
+    }
+    else {  /* colliding node is in its own main position */
+      /* new node will go into free position */
+      if (gnext(mp) != 0)
+        gnext(f) = cast_int((mp + gnext(mp)) - f);  /* chain new position */
+      else lua_assert(gnext(f) == 0);
+      gnext(mp) = cast_int(f - mp);
+      mp = f;
+    }
+  }
+  setnodekey(L, mp, key);
+  luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(t), key);
+  lua_assert(isempty(gval(mp)));
+  setobj2t(L, gval(mp), value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Search function for integers. If integer is inside 'alimit', get it
+** directly from the array part. Otherwise, if 'alimit' is not equal to
+** the real size of the array, key still can be in the array part. In
+** this case, try to avoid a call to 'luaH_realasize' when key is just
+** one more than the limit (so that it can be incremented without
+** changing the real size of the array).
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, lua_Integer key) {
+  if (l_castS2U(key) - 1u < t->alimit)  /* 'key' in [1, t->alimit]? */
+    return &t->array[key - 1];
+  else if (!limitequalsasize(t) &&  /* key still may be in the array part? */
+           (l_castS2U(key) == t->alimit + 1 ||
+            l_castS2U(key) - 1u < luaH_realasize(t))) {
+    t->alimit = cast_uint(key);  /* probably '#t' is here now */
+    return &t->array[key - 1];
+  }
+  else {
+    Node *n = hashint(t, key);
+    for (;;) {  /* check whether 'key' is somewhere in the chain */
+      if (keyisinteger(n) && keyival(n) == key)
+        return gval(n);  /* that's it */
+      else {
+        int nx = gnext(n);
+        if (nx == 0) break;
+        n += nx;
+      }
+    }
+    return &absentkey;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** search function for short strings
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_getshortstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
+  Node *n = hashstr(t, key);
+  lua_assert(key->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR);
+  for (;;) {  /* check whether 'key' is somewhere in the chain */
+    if (keyisshrstr(n) && eqshrstr(keystrval(n), key))
+      return gval(n);  /* that's it */
+    else {
+      int nx = gnext(n);
+      if (nx == 0)
+        return &absentkey;  /* not found */
+      n += nx;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key) {
+  if (key->tt == LUA_VSHRSTR)
+    return luaH_getshortstr(t, key);
+  else {  /* for long strings, use generic case */
+    TValue ko;
+    setsvalue(cast(lua_State *, NULL), &ko, key);
+    return getgeneric(t, &ko, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** main search function
+*/
+const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+  switch (ttypetag(key)) {
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return luaH_getshortstr(t, tsvalue(key));
+    case LUA_VNUMINT: return luaH_getint(t, ivalue(key));
+    case LUA_VNIL: return &absentkey;
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT: {
+      lua_Integer k;
+      if (luaV_flttointeger(fltvalue(key), &k, F2Ieq)) /* integral index? */
+        return luaH_getint(t, k);  /* use specialized version */
+      /* else... */
+    }  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+    default:
+      return getgeneric(t, key, 0);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a raw "set table" operation, where 'slot' is where the value
+** should have been (the result of a previous "get table").
+** Beware: when using this function you probably need to check a GC
+** barrier and invalidate the TM cache.
+*/
+void luaH_finishset (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                   const TValue *slot, TValue *value) {
+  if (isabstkey(slot))
+    luaH_newkey(L, t, key, value);
+  else
+    setobj2t(L, cast(TValue *, slot), value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** beware: when using this function you probably need to check a GC
+** barrier and invalidate the TM cache.
+*/
+void luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key, TValue *value) {
+  const TValue *slot = luaH_get(t, key);
+  luaH_finishset(L, t, key, slot, value);
+}
+
+
+void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, lua_Integer key, TValue *value) {
+  const TValue *p = luaH_getint(t, key);
+  if (isabstkey(p)) {
+    TValue k;
+    setivalue(&k, key);
+    luaH_newkey(L, t, &k, value);
+  }
+  else
+    setobj2t(L, cast(TValue *, p), value);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in the hash part of table 't'. From the
+** caller, we know that 'j' is zero or present and that 'j + 1' is
+** present. We want to find a larger key that is absent from the
+** table, so that we can do a binary search between the two keys to
+** find a boundary. We keep doubling 'j' until we get an absent index.
+** If the doubling would overflow, we try LUA_MAXINTEGER. If it is
+** absent, we are ready for the binary search. ('j', being max integer,
+** is larger or equal to 'i', but it cannot be equal because it is
+** absent while 'i' is present; so 'j > i'.) Otherwise, 'j' is a
+** boundary. ('j + 1' cannot be a present integer key because it is
+** not a valid integer in Lua.)
+*/
+static lua_Unsigned hash_search (Table *t, lua_Unsigned j) {
+  lua_Unsigned i;
+  if (j == 0) j++;  /* the caller ensures 'j + 1' is present */
+  do {
+    i = j;  /* 'i' is a present index */
+    if (j <= l_castS2U(LUA_MAXINTEGER) / 2)
+      j *= 2;
+    else {
+      j = LUA_MAXINTEGER;
+      if (isempty(luaH_getint(t, j)))  /* t[j] not present? */
+        break;  /* 'j' now is an absent index */
+      else  /* weird case */
+        return j;  /* well, max integer is a boundary... */
+    }
+  } while (!isempty(luaH_getint(t, j)));  /* repeat until an absent t[j] */
+  /* i < j  &&  t[i] present  &&  t[j] absent */
+  while (j - i > 1u) {  /* do a binary search between them */
+    lua_Unsigned m = (i + j) / 2;
+    if (isempty(luaH_getint(t, m))) j = m;
+    else i = m;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+static unsigned int binsearch (const TValue *array, unsigned int i,
+                                                    unsigned int j) {
+  while (j - i > 1u) {  /* binary search */
+    unsigned int m = (i + j) / 2;
+    if (isempty(&array[m - 1])) j = m;
+    else i = m;
+  }
+  return i;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to find a boundary in table 't'. (A 'boundary' is an integer index
+** such that t[i] is present and t[i+1] is absent, or 0 if t[1] is absent
+** and 'maxinteger' if t[maxinteger] is present.)
+** (In the next explanation, we use Lua indices, that is, with base 1.
+** The code itself uses base 0 when indexing the array part of the table.)
+** The code starts with 'limit = t->alimit', a position in the array
+** part that may be a boundary.
+**
+** (1) If 't[limit]' is empty, there must be a boundary before it.
+** As a common case (e.g., after 't[#t]=nil'), check whether 'limit-1'
+** is present. If so, it is a boundary. Otherwise, do a binary search
+** between 0 and limit to find a boundary. In both cases, try to
+** use this boundary as the new 'alimit', as a hint for the next call.
+**
+** (2) If 't[limit]' is not empty and the array has more elements
+** after 'limit', try to find a boundary there. Again, try first
+** the special case (which should be quite frequent) where 'limit+1'
+** is empty, so that 'limit' is a boundary. Otherwise, check the
+** last element of the array part. If it is empty, there must be a
+** boundary between the old limit (present) and the last element
+** (absent), which is found with a binary search. (This boundary always
+** can be a new limit.)
+**
+** (3) The last case is when there are no elements in the array part
+** (limit == 0) or its last element (the new limit) is present.
+** In this case, must check the hash part. If there is no hash part
+** or 'limit+1' is absent, 'limit' is a boundary.  Otherwise, call
+** 'hash_search' to find a boundary in the hash part of the table.
+** (In those cases, the boundary is not inside the array part, and
+** therefore cannot be used as a new limit.)
+*/
+lua_Unsigned luaH_getn (Table *t) {
+  unsigned int limit = t->alimit;
+  if (limit > 0 && isempty(&t->array[limit - 1])) {  /* (1)? */
+    /* there must be a boundary before 'limit' */
+    if (limit >= 2 && !isempty(&t->array[limit - 2])) {
+      /* 'limit - 1' is a boundary; can it be a new limit? */
+      if (ispow2realasize(t) && !ispow2(limit - 1)) {
+        t->alimit = limit - 1;
+        setnorealasize(t);  /* now 'alimit' is not the real size */
+      }
+      return limit - 1;
+    }
+    else {  /* must search for a boundary in [0, limit] */
+      unsigned int boundary = binsearch(t->array, 0, limit);
+      /* can this boundary represent the real size of the array? */
+      if (ispow2realasize(t) && boundary > luaH_realasize(t) / 2) {
+        t->alimit = boundary;  /* use it as the new limit */
+        setnorealasize(t);
+      }
+      return boundary;
+    }
+  }
+  /* 'limit' is zero or present in table */
+  if (!limitequalsasize(t)) {  /* (2)? */
+    /* 'limit' > 0 and array has more elements after 'limit' */
+    if (isempty(&t->array[limit]))  /* 'limit + 1' is empty? */
+      return limit;  /* this is the boundary */
+    /* else, try last element in the array */
+    limit = luaH_realasize(t);
+    if (isempty(&t->array[limit - 1])) {  /* empty? */
+      /* there must be a boundary in the array after old limit,
+         and it must be a valid new limit */
+      unsigned int boundary = binsearch(t->array, t->alimit, limit);
+      t->alimit = boundary;
+      return boundary;
+    }
+    /* else, new limit is present in the table; check the hash part */
+  }
+  /* (3) 'limit' is the last element and either is zero or present in table */
+  lua_assert(limit == luaH_realasize(t) &&
+             (limit == 0 || !isempty(&t->array[limit - 1])));
+  if (isdummy(t) || isempty(luaH_getint(t, cast(lua_Integer, limit + 1))))
+    return limit;  /* 'limit + 1' is absent */
+  else  /* 'limit + 1' is also present */
+    return hash_search(t, limit);
+}
+
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+
+/* export these functions for the test library */
+
+Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key) {
+  return mainpositionTV(t, key);
+}
+
+int luaH_isdummy (const Table *t) { return isdummy(t); }
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ltable.h b/external/lua/src/ltable.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bbbcb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ltable.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltable.h $
+** Lua tables (hash)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltable_h
+#define ltable_h
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+#define gnode(t,i)	(&(t)->node[i])
+#define gval(n)		(&(n)->i_val)
+#define gnext(n)	((n)->u.next)
+
+
+/*
+** Clear all bits of fast-access metamethods, which means that the table
+** may have any of these metamethods. (First access that fails after the
+** clearing will set the bit again.)
+*/
+#define invalidateTMcache(t)	((t)->flags &= ~maskflags)
+
+
+/* true when 't' is using 'dummynode' as its hash part */
+#define isdummy(t)		((t)->lastfree == NULL)
+
+
+/* allocated size for hash nodes */
+#define allocsizenode(t)	(isdummy(t) ? 0 : sizenode(t))
+
+
+/* returns the Node, given the value of a table entry */
+#define nodefromval(v)	cast(Node *, (v))
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getint (Table *t, lua_Integer key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_setint (lua_State *L, Table *t, lua_Integer key,
+                                                    TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getshortstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_getstr (Table *t, TString *key);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaH_get (Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_newkey (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                                    TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_set (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                                 TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_finishset (lua_State *L, Table *t, const TValue *key,
+                                       const TValue *slot, TValue *value);
+LUAI_FUNC Table *luaH_new (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resize (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize,
+                                                    unsigned int nhsize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_resizearray (lua_State *L, Table *t, unsigned int nasize);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaH_free (lua_State *L, Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_next (lua_State *L, Table *t, StkId key);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Unsigned luaH_getn (Table *t);
+LUAI_FUNC unsigned int luaH_realasize (const Table *t);
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_DEBUG)
+LUAI_FUNC Node *luaH_mainposition (const Table *t, const TValue *key);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaH_isdummy (const Table *t);
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ltablib.c b/external/lua/src/ltablib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d80eb80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ltablib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,429 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltablib.c $
+** Library for Table Manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ltablib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+/*
+** Operations that an object must define to mimic a table
+** (some functions only need some of them)
+*/
+#define TAB_R	1			/* read */
+#define TAB_W	2			/* write */
+#define TAB_L	4			/* length */
+#define TAB_RW	(TAB_R | TAB_W)		/* read/write */
+
+
+#define aux_getn(L,n,w)	(checktab(L, n, (w) | TAB_L), luaL_len(L, n))
+
+
+static int checkfield (lua_State *L, const char *key, int n) {
+  lua_pushstring(L, key);
+  return (lua_rawget(L, -n) != LUA_TNIL);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check that 'arg' either is a table or can behave like one (that is,
+** has a metatable with the required metamethods)
+*/
+static void checktab (lua_State *L, int arg, int what) {
+  if (lua_type(L, arg) != LUA_TTABLE) {  /* is it not a table? */
+    int n = 1;  /* number of elements to pop */
+    if (lua_getmetatable(L, arg) &&  /* must have metatable */
+        (!(what & TAB_R) || checkfield(L, "__index", ++n)) &&
+        (!(what & TAB_W) || checkfield(L, "__newindex", ++n)) &&
+        (!(what & TAB_L) || checkfield(L, "__len", ++n))) {
+      lua_pop(L, n);  /* pop metatable and tested metamethods */
+    }
+    else
+      luaL_checktype(L, arg, LUA_TTABLE);  /* force an error */
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int tinsert (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer e = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW) + 1;  /* first empty element */
+  lua_Integer pos;  /* where to insert new element */
+  switch (lua_gettop(L)) {
+    case 2: {  /* called with only 2 arguments */
+      pos = e;  /* insert new element at the end */
+      break;
+    }
+    case 3: {
+      lua_Integer i;
+      pos = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);  /* 2nd argument is the position */
+      /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, e] */
+      luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u < (lua_Unsigned)e, 2,
+                       "position out of bounds");
+      for (i = e; i > pos; i--) {  /* move up elements */
+        lua_geti(L, 1, i - 1);
+        lua_seti(L, 1, i);  /* t[i] = t[i - 1] */
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      return luaL_error(L, "wrong number of arguments to 'insert'");
+    }
+  }
+  lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = v */
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+static int tremove (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer size = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  lua_Integer pos = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, size);
+  if (pos != size)  /* validate 'pos' if given */
+    /* check whether 'pos' is in [1, size + 1] */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, (lua_Unsigned)pos - 1u <= (lua_Unsigned)size, 1,
+                     "position out of bounds");
+  lua_geti(L, 1, pos);  /* result = t[pos] */
+  for ( ; pos < size; pos++) {
+    lua_geti(L, 1, pos + 1);
+    lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* t[pos] = t[pos + 1] */
+  }
+  lua_pushnil(L);
+  lua_seti(L, 1, pos);  /* remove entry t[pos] */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Copy elements (1[f], ..., 1[e]) into (tt[t], tt[t+1], ...). Whenever
+** possible, copy in increasing order, which is better for rehashing.
+** "possible" means destination after original range, or smaller
+** than origin, or copying to another table.
+*/
+static int tmove (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer f = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_Integer e = luaL_checkinteger(L, 3);
+  lua_Integer t = luaL_checkinteger(L, 4);
+  int tt = !lua_isnoneornil(L, 5) ? 5 : 1;  /* destination table */
+  checktab(L, 1, TAB_R);
+  checktab(L, tt, TAB_W);
+  if (e >= f) {  /* otherwise, nothing to move */
+    lua_Integer n, i;
+    luaL_argcheck(L, f > 0 || e < LUA_MAXINTEGER + f, 3,
+                  "too many elements to move");
+    n = e - f + 1;  /* number of elements to move */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, t <= LUA_MAXINTEGER - n + 1, 4,
+                  "destination wrap around");
+    if (t > e || t <= f || (tt != 1 && !lua_compare(L, 1, tt, LUA_OPEQ))) {
+      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+        lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
+        lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
+      }
+    }
+    else {
+      for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        lua_geti(L, 1, f + i);
+        lua_seti(L, tt, t + i);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  lua_pushvalue(L, tt);  /* return destination table */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static void addfield (lua_State *L, luaL_Buffer *b, lua_Integer i) {
+  lua_geti(L, 1, i);
+  if (l_unlikely(!lua_isstring(L, -1)))
+    luaL_error(L, "invalid value (%s) at index %I in table for 'concat'",
+                  luaL_typename(L, -1), i);
+  luaL_addvalue(b);
+}
+
+
+static int tconcat (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_Buffer b;
+  lua_Integer last = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_R);
+  size_t lsep;
+  const char *sep = luaL_optlstring(L, 2, "", &lsep);
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 3, 1);
+  last = luaL_optinteger(L, 4, last);
+  luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+  for (; i < last; i++) {
+    addfield(L, &b, i);
+    luaL_addlstring(&b, sep, lsep);
+  }
+  if (i == last)  /* add last value (if interval was not empty) */
+    addfield(L, &b, i);
+  luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Pack/unpack
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+static int tpack (lua_State *L) {
+  int i;
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of elements to pack */
+  lua_createtable(L, n, 1);  /* create result table */
+  lua_insert(L, 1);  /* put it at index 1 */
+  for (i = n; i >= 1; i--)  /* assign elements */
+    lua_seti(L, 1, i);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  lua_setfield(L, 1, "n");  /* t.n = number of elements */
+  return 1;  /* return table */
+}
+
+
+static int tunpack (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Unsigned n;
+  lua_Integer i = luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1);
+  lua_Integer e = luaL_opt(L, luaL_checkinteger, 3, luaL_len(L, 1));
+  if (i > e) return 0;  /* empty range */
+  n = (lua_Unsigned)e - i;  /* number of elements minus 1 (avoid overflows) */
+  if (l_unlikely(n >= (unsigned int)INT_MAX  ||
+                 !lua_checkstack(L, (int)(++n))))
+    return luaL_error(L, "too many results to unpack");
+  for (; i < e; i++) {  /* push arg[i..e - 1] (to avoid overflows) */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, i);
+  }
+  lua_geti(L, 1, e);  /* push last element */
+  return (int)n;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {======================================================
+** Quicksort
+** (based on 'Algorithms in MODULA-3', Robert Sedgewick;
+**  Addison-Wesley, 1993.)
+** =======================================================
+*/
+
+
+/* type for array indices */
+typedef unsigned int IdxT;
+
+
+/*
+** Produce a "random" 'unsigned int' to randomize pivot choice. This
+** macro is used only when 'sort' detects a big imbalance in the result
+** of a partition. (If you don't want/need this "randomness", ~0 is a
+** good choice.)
+*/
+#if !defined(l_randomizePivot)		/* { */
+
+#include <time.h>
+
+/* size of 'e' measured in number of 'unsigned int's */
+#define sof(e)		(sizeof(e) / sizeof(unsigned int))
+
+/*
+** Use 'time' and 'clock' as sources of "randomness". Because we don't
+** know the types 'clock_t' and 'time_t', we cannot cast them to
+** anything without risking overflows. A safe way to use their values
+** is to copy them to an array of a known type and use the array values.
+*/
+static unsigned int l_randomizePivot (void) {
+  clock_t c = clock();
+  time_t t = time(NULL);
+  unsigned int buff[sof(c) + sof(t)];
+  unsigned int i, rnd = 0;
+  memcpy(buff, &c, sof(c) * sizeof(unsigned int));
+  memcpy(buff + sof(c), &t, sof(t) * sizeof(unsigned int));
+  for (i = 0; i < sof(buff); i++)
+    rnd += buff[i];
+  return rnd;
+}
+
+#endif					/* } */
+
+
+/* arrays larger than 'RANLIMIT' may use randomized pivots */
+#define RANLIMIT	100u
+
+
+static void set2 (lua_State *L, IdxT i, IdxT j) {
+  lua_seti(L, 1, i);
+  lua_seti(L, 1, j);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return true iff value at stack index 'a' is less than the value at
+** index 'b' (according to the order of the sort).
+*/
+static int sort_comp (lua_State *L, int a, int b) {
+  if (lua_isnil(L, 2))  /* no function? */
+    return lua_compare(L, a, b, LUA_OPLT);  /* a < b */
+  else {  /* function */
+    int res;
+    lua_pushvalue(L, 2);    /* push function */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, a-1);  /* -1 to compensate function */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, b-2);  /* -2 to compensate function and 'a' */
+    lua_call(L, 2, 1);      /* call function */
+    res = lua_toboolean(L, -1);  /* get result */
+    lua_pop(L, 1);          /* pop result */
+    return res;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Does the partition: Pivot P is at the top of the stack.
+** precondition: a[lo] <= P == a[up-1] <= a[up],
+** so it only needs to do the partition from lo + 1 to up - 2.
+** Pos-condition: a[lo .. i - 1] <= a[i] == P <= a[i + 1 .. up]
+** returns 'i'.
+*/
+static IdxT partition (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up) {
+  IdxT i = lo;  /* will be incremented before first use */
+  IdxT j = up - 1;  /* will be decremented before first use */
+  /* loop invariant: a[lo .. i] <= P <= a[j .. up] */
+  for (;;) {
+    /* next loop: repeat ++i while a[i] < P */
+    while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, ++i), sort_comp(L, -1, -2)) {
+      if (l_unlikely(i == up - 1))  /* a[i] < P  but a[up - 1] == P  ?? */
+        luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[i] */
+    }
+    /* after the loop, a[i] >= P and a[lo .. i - 1] < P */
+    /* next loop: repeat --j while P < a[j] */
+    while ((void)lua_geti(L, 1, --j), sort_comp(L, -3, -1)) {
+      if (l_unlikely(j < i))  /* j < i  but  a[j] > P ?? */
+        luaL_error(L, "invalid order function for sorting");
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[j] */
+    }
+    /* after the loop, a[j] <= P and a[j + 1 .. up] >= P */
+    if (j < i) {  /* no elements out of place? */
+      /* a[lo .. i - 1] <= P <= a[j + 1 .. i .. up] */
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* pop a[j] */
+      /* swap pivot (a[up - 1]) with a[i] to satisfy pos-condition */
+      set2(L, up - 1, i);
+      return i;
+    }
+    /* otherwise, swap a[i] - a[j] to restore invariant and repeat */
+    set2(L, i, j);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Choose an element in the middle (2nd-3th quarters) of [lo,up]
+** "randomized" by 'rnd'
+*/
+static IdxT choosePivot (IdxT lo, IdxT up, unsigned int rnd) {
+  IdxT r4 = (up - lo) / 4;  /* range/4 */
+  IdxT p = rnd % (r4 * 2) + (lo + r4);
+  lua_assert(lo + r4 <= p && p <= up - r4);
+  return p;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Quicksort algorithm (recursive function)
+*/
+static void auxsort (lua_State *L, IdxT lo, IdxT up,
+                                   unsigned int rnd) {
+  while (lo < up) {  /* loop for tail recursion */
+    IdxT p;  /* Pivot index */
+    IdxT n;  /* to be used later */
+    /* sort elements 'lo', 'p', and 'up' */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
+    lua_geti(L, 1, up);
+    if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[lo]? */
+      set2(L, lo, up);  /* swap a[lo] - a[up] */
+    else
+      lua_pop(L, 2);  /* remove both values */
+    if (up - lo == 1)  /* only 2 elements? */
+      return;  /* already sorted */
+    if (up - lo < RANLIMIT || rnd == 0)  /* small interval or no randomize? */
+      p = (lo + up)/2;  /* middle element is a good pivot */
+    else  /* for larger intervals, it is worth a random pivot */
+      p = choosePivot(lo, up, rnd);
+    lua_geti(L, 1, p);
+    lua_geti(L, 1, lo);
+    if (sort_comp(L, -2, -1))  /* a[p] < a[lo]? */
+      set2(L, p, lo);  /* swap a[p] - a[lo] */
+    else {
+      lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove a[lo] */
+      lua_geti(L, 1, up);
+      if (sort_comp(L, -1, -2))  /* a[up] < a[p]? */
+        set2(L, p, up);  /* swap a[up] - a[p] */
+      else
+        lua_pop(L, 2);
+    }
+    if (up - lo == 2)  /* only 3 elements? */
+      return;  /* already sorted */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, p);  /* get middle element (Pivot) */
+    lua_pushvalue(L, -1);  /* push Pivot */
+    lua_geti(L, 1, up - 1);  /* push a[up - 1] */
+    set2(L, p, up - 1);  /* swap Pivot (a[p]) with a[up - 1] */
+    p = partition(L, lo, up);
+    /* a[lo .. p - 1] <= a[p] == P <= a[p + 1 .. up] */
+    if (p - lo < up - p) {  /* lower interval is smaller? */
+      auxsort(L, lo, p - 1, rnd);  /* call recursively for lower interval */
+      n = p - lo;  /* size of smaller interval */
+      lo = p + 1;  /* tail call for [p + 1 .. up] (upper interval) */
+    }
+    else {
+      auxsort(L, p + 1, up, rnd);  /* call recursively for upper interval */
+      n = up - p;  /* size of smaller interval */
+      up = p - 1;  /* tail call for [lo .. p - 1]  (lower interval) */
+    }
+    if ((up - lo) / 128 > n) /* partition too imbalanced? */
+      rnd = l_randomizePivot();  /* try a new randomization */
+  }  /* tail call auxsort(L, lo, up, rnd) */
+}
+
+
+static int sort (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer n = aux_getn(L, 1, TAB_RW);
+  if (n > 1) {  /* non-trivial interval? */
+    luaL_argcheck(L, n < INT_MAX, 1, "array too big");
+    if (!lua_isnoneornil(L, 2))  /* is there a 2nd argument? */
+      luaL_checktype(L, 2, LUA_TFUNCTION);  /* must be a function */
+    lua_settop(L, 2);  /* make sure there are two arguments */
+    auxsort(L, 1, (IdxT)n, 0);
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+/* }====================================================== */
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg tab_funcs[] = {
+  {"concat", tconcat},
+  {"insert", tinsert},
+  {"pack", tpack},
+  {"unpack", tunpack},
+  {"remove", tremove},
+  {"move", tmove},
+  {"sort", sort},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_table (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, tab_funcs);
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ltm.c b/external/lua/src/ltm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b657b78
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ltm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.c $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define ltm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+static const char udatatypename[] = "userdata";
+
+LUAI_DDEF const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTYPES] = {
+  "no value",
+  "nil", "boolean", udatatypename, "number",
+  "string", "table", "function", udatatypename, "thread",
+  "upvalue", "proto" /* these last cases are used for tests only */
+};
+
+
+void luaT_init (lua_State *L) {
+  static const char *const luaT_eventname[] = {  /* ORDER TM */
+    "__index", "__newindex",
+    "__gc", "__mode", "__len", "__eq",
+    "__add", "__sub", "__mul", "__mod", "__pow",
+    "__div", "__idiv",
+    "__band", "__bor", "__bxor", "__shl", "__shr",
+    "__unm", "__bnot", "__lt", "__le",
+    "__concat", "__call", "__close"
+  };
+  int i;
+  for (i=0; i<TM_N; i++) {
+    G(L)->tmname[i] = luaS_new(L, luaT_eventname[i]);
+    luaC_fix(L, obj2gco(G(L)->tmname[i]));  /* never collect these names */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** function to be used with macro "fasttm": optimized for absence of
+** tag methods
+*/
+const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaH_getshortstr(events, ename);
+  lua_assert(event <= TM_EQ);
+  if (notm(tm)) {  /* no tag method? */
+    events->flags |= cast_byte(1u<<event);  /* cache this fact */
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  else return tm;
+}
+
+
+const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o, TMS event) {
+  Table *mt;
+  switch (ttype(o)) {
+    case LUA_TTABLE:
+      mt = hvalue(o)->metatable;
+      break;
+    case LUA_TUSERDATA:
+      mt = uvalue(o)->metatable;
+      break;
+    default:
+      mt = G(L)->mt[ttype(o)];
+  }
+  return (mt ? luaH_getshortstr(mt, G(L)->tmname[event]) : &G(L)->nilvalue);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return the name of the type of an object. For tables and userdata
+** with metatable, use their '__name' metafield, if present.
+*/
+const char *luaT_objtypename (lua_State *L, const TValue *o) {
+  Table *mt;
+  if ((ttistable(o) && (mt = hvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL) ||
+      (ttisfulluserdata(o) && (mt = uvalue(o)->metatable) != NULL)) {
+    const TValue *name = luaH_getshortstr(mt, luaS_new(L, "__name"));
+    if (ttisstring(name))  /* is '__name' a string? */
+      return getstr(tsvalue(name));  /* use it as type name */
+  }
+  return ttypename(ttype(o));  /* else use standard type name */
+}
+
+
+void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                  const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3) {
+  StkId func = L->top;
+  setobj2s(L, func, f);  /* push function (assume EXTRA_STACK) */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 1, p1);  /* 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 2, p2);  /* 2nd argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 3, p3);  /* 3rd argument */
+  L->top = func + 4;
+  /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+  if (isLuacode(L->ci))
+    luaD_call(L, func, 0);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 0);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                     const TValue *p2, StkId res) {
+  ptrdiff_t result = savestack(L, res);
+  StkId func = L->top;
+  setobj2s(L, func, f);  /* push function (assume EXTRA_STACK) */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 1, p1);  /* 1st argument */
+  setobj2s(L, func + 2, p2);  /* 2nd argument */
+  L->top += 3;
+  /* metamethod may yield only when called from Lua code */
+  if (isLuacode(L->ci))
+    luaD_call(L, func, 1);
+  else
+    luaD_callnoyield(L, func, 1);
+  res = restorestack(L, result);
+  setobjs2s(L, res, --L->top);  /* move result to its place */
+}
+
+
+static int callbinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                      StkId res, TMS event) {
+  const TValue *tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p1, event);  /* try first operand */
+  if (notm(tm))
+    tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, p2, event);  /* try second operand */
+  if (notm(tm)) return 0;
+  luaT_callTMres(L, tm, p1, p2, res);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                    StkId res, TMS event) {
+  if (l_unlikely(!callbinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event))) {
+    switch (event) {
+      case TM_BAND: case TM_BOR: case TM_BXOR:
+      case TM_SHL: case TM_SHR: case TM_BNOT: {
+        if (ttisnumber(p1) && ttisnumber(p2))
+          luaG_tointerror(L, p1, p2);
+        else
+          luaG_opinterror(L, p1, p2, "perform bitwise operation on");
+      }
+      /* calls never return, but to avoid warnings: *//* FALLTHROUGH */
+      default:
+        luaG_opinterror(L, p1, p2, "perform arithmetic on");
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L) {
+  StkId top = L->top;
+  if (l_unlikely(!callbinTM(L, s2v(top - 2), s2v(top - 1), top - 2,
+                               TM_CONCAT)))
+    luaG_concaterror(L, s2v(top - 2), s2v(top - 1));
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybinassocTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                                       int flip, StkId res, TMS event) {
+  if (flip)
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p2, p1, res, event);
+  else
+    luaT_trybinTM(L, p1, p2, res, event);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_trybiniTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, lua_Integer i2,
+                                   int flip, StkId res, TMS event) {
+  TValue aux;
+  setivalue(&aux, i2);
+  luaT_trybinassocTM(L, p1, &aux, flip, res, event);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls an order tag method.
+** For lessequal, LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE keeps compatibility with old
+** behavior: if there is no '__le', try '__lt', based on l <= r iff
+** !(r < l) (assuming a total order). If the metamethod yields during
+** this substitution, the continuation has to know about it (to negate
+** the result of r<l); bit CIST_LEQ in the call status keeps that
+** information.
+*/
+int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                      TMS event) {
+  if (callbinTM(L, p1, p2, L->top, event))  /* try original event */
+    return !l_isfalse(s2v(L->top));
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
+  else if (event == TM_LE) {
+      /* try '!(p2 < p1)' for '(p1 <= p2)' */
+      L->ci->callstatus |= CIST_LEQ;  /* mark it is doing 'lt' for 'le' */
+      if (callbinTM(L, p2, p1, L->top, TM_LT)) {
+        L->ci->callstatus ^= CIST_LEQ;  /* clear mark */
+        return l_isfalse(s2v(L->top));
+      }
+      /* else error will remove this 'ci'; no need to clear mark */
+  }
+#endif
+  luaG_ordererror(L, p1, p2);  /* no metamethod found */
+  return 0;  /* to avoid warnings */
+}
+
+
+int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
+                       int flip, int isfloat, TMS event) {
+  TValue aux; const TValue *p2;
+  if (isfloat) {
+    setfltvalue(&aux, cast_num(v2));
+  }
+  else
+    setivalue(&aux, v2);
+  if (flip) {  /* arguments were exchanged? */
+    p2 = p1; p1 = &aux;  /* correct them */
+  }
+  else
+    p2 = &aux;
+  return luaT_callorderTM(L, p1, p2, event);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, int nfixparams, CallInfo *ci,
+                         const Proto *p) {
+  int i;
+  int actual = cast_int(L->top - ci->func) - 1;  /* number of arguments */
+  int nextra = actual - nfixparams;  /* number of extra arguments */
+  ci->u.l.nextraargs = nextra;
+  luaD_checkstack(L, p->maxstacksize + 1);
+  /* copy function to the top of the stack */
+  setobjs2s(L, L->top++, ci->func);
+  /* move fixed parameters to the top of the stack */
+  for (i = 1; i <= nfixparams; i++) {
+    setobjs2s(L, L->top++, ci->func + i);
+    setnilvalue(s2v(ci->func + i));  /* erase original parameter (for GC) */
+  }
+  ci->func += actual + 1;
+  ci->top += actual + 1;
+  lua_assert(L->top <= ci->top && ci->top <= L->stack_last);
+}
+
+
+void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci, StkId where, int wanted) {
+  int i;
+  int nextra = ci->u.l.nextraargs;
+  if (wanted < 0) {
+    wanted = nextra;  /* get all extra arguments available */
+    checkstackGCp(L, nextra, where);  /* ensure stack space */
+    L->top = where + nextra;  /* next instruction will need top */
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < wanted && i < nextra; i++)
+    setobjs2s(L, where + i, ci->func - nextra + i);
+  for (; i < wanted; i++)   /* complete required results with nil */
+    setnilvalue(s2v(where + i));
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/ltm.h b/external/lua/src/ltm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..73b833c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/ltm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+/*
+** $Id: ltm.h $
+** Tag methods
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef ltm_h
+#define ltm_h
+
+
+#include "lobject.h"
+
+
+/*
+* WARNING: if you change the order of this enumeration,
+* grep "ORDER TM" and "ORDER OP"
+*/
+typedef enum {
+  TM_INDEX,
+  TM_NEWINDEX,
+  TM_GC,
+  TM_MODE,
+  TM_LEN,
+  TM_EQ,  /* last tag method with fast access */
+  TM_ADD,
+  TM_SUB,
+  TM_MUL,
+  TM_MOD,
+  TM_POW,
+  TM_DIV,
+  TM_IDIV,
+  TM_BAND,
+  TM_BOR,
+  TM_BXOR,
+  TM_SHL,
+  TM_SHR,
+  TM_UNM,
+  TM_BNOT,
+  TM_LT,
+  TM_LE,
+  TM_CONCAT,
+  TM_CALL,
+  TM_CLOSE,
+  TM_N		/* number of elements in the enum */
+} TMS;
+
+
+/*
+** Mask with 1 in all fast-access methods. A 1 in any of these bits
+** in the flag of a (meta)table means the metatable does not have the
+** corresponding metamethod field. (Bit 7 of the flag is used for
+** 'isrealasize'.)
+*/
+#define maskflags	(~(~0u << (TM_EQ + 1)))
+
+
+/*
+** Test whether there is no tagmethod.
+** (Because tagmethods use raw accesses, the result may be an "empty" nil.)
+*/
+#define notm(tm)	ttisnil(tm)
+
+
+#define gfasttm(g,et,e) ((et) == NULL ? NULL : \
+  ((et)->flags & (1u<<(e))) ? NULL : luaT_gettm(et, e, (g)->tmname[e]))
+
+#define fasttm(l,et,e)	gfasttm(G(l), et, e)
+
+#define ttypename(x)	luaT_typenames_[(x) + 1]
+
+LUAI_DDEC(const char *const luaT_typenames_[LUA_TOTALTYPES];)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC const char *luaT_objtypename (lua_State *L, const TValue *o);
+
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettm (Table *events, TMS event, TString *ename);
+LUAI_FUNC const TValue *luaT_gettmbyobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *o,
+                                                       TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_init (lua_State *L);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_callTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *f, const TValue *p1,
+                            const TValue *p2, const TValue *p3);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_callTMres (lua_State *L, const TValue *f,
+                            const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2, StkId p3);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybinTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, const TValue *p2,
+                              StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_tryconcatTM (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybinassocTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+       const TValue *p2, int inv, StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_trybiniTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, lua_Integer i2,
+                               int inv, StkId res, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1,
+                                const TValue *p2, TMS event);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaT_callorderiTM (lua_State *L, const TValue *p1, int v2,
+                                 int inv, int isfloat, TMS event);
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_adjustvarargs (lua_State *L, int nfixparams,
+                                   struct CallInfo *ci, const Proto *p);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaT_getvarargs (lua_State *L, struct CallInfo *ci,
+                                              StkId where, int wanted);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lua.c b/external/lua/src/lua.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46b48db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lua.c
@@ -0,0 +1,659 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lua.c $
+** Lua stand-alone interpreter
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lua_c
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include <signal.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROGNAME)
+#define LUA_PROGNAME		"lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_INIT_VAR)
+#define LUA_INIT_VAR		"LUA_INIT"
+#endif
+
+#define LUA_INITVARVERSION	LUA_INIT_VAR LUA_VERSUFFIX
+
+
+static lua_State *globalL = NULL;
+
+static const char *progname = LUA_PROGNAME;
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)   /* { */
+
+/*
+** Use 'sigaction' when available.
+*/
+static void setsignal (int sig, void (*handler)(int)) {
+  struct sigaction sa;
+  sa.sa_handler = handler;
+  sa.sa_flags = 0;
+  sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);  /* do not mask any signal */
+  sigaction(sig, &sa, NULL);
+}
+
+#else           /* }{ */
+
+#define setsignal            signal
+
+#endif                               /* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Hook set by signal function to stop the interpreter.
+*/
+static void lstop (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar) {
+  (void)ar;  /* unused arg. */
+  lua_sethook(L, NULL, 0, 0);  /* reset hook */
+  luaL_error(L, "interrupted!");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Function to be called at a C signal. Because a C signal cannot
+** just change a Lua state (as there is no proper synchronization),
+** this function only sets a hook that, when called, will stop the
+** interpreter.
+*/
+static void laction (int i) {
+  int flag = LUA_MASKCALL | LUA_MASKRET | LUA_MASKLINE | LUA_MASKCOUNT;
+  setsignal(i, SIG_DFL); /* if another SIGINT happens, terminate process */
+  lua_sethook(globalL, lstop, flag, 1);
+}
+
+
+static void print_usage (const char *badoption) {
+  lua_writestringerror("%s: ", progname);
+  if (badoption[1] == 'e' || badoption[1] == 'l')
+    lua_writestringerror("'%s' needs argument\n", badoption);
+  else
+    lua_writestringerror("unrecognized option '%s'\n", badoption);
+  lua_writestringerror(
+  "usage: %s [options] [script [args]]\n"
+  "Available options are:\n"
+  "  -e stat  execute string 'stat'\n"
+  "  -i       enter interactive mode after executing 'script'\n"
+  "  -l name  require library 'name' into global 'name'\n"
+  "  -v       show version information\n"
+  "  -E       ignore environment variables\n"
+  "  -W       turn warnings on\n"
+  "  --       stop handling options\n"
+  "  -        stop handling options and execute stdin\n"
+  ,
+  progname);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prints an error message, adding the program name in front of it
+** (if present)
+*/
+static void l_message (const char *pname, const char *msg) {
+  if (pname) lua_writestringerror("%s: ", pname);
+  lua_writestringerror("%s\n", msg);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'status' is not OK and, if so, prints the error
+** message on the top of the stack. It assumes that the error object
+** is a string, as it was either generated by Lua or by 'msghandler'.
+*/
+static int report (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  if (status != LUA_OK) {
+    const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, -1);
+    l_message(progname, msg);
+    lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove message */
+  }
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Message handler used to run all chunks
+*/
+static int msghandler (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *msg = lua_tostring(L, 1);
+  if (msg == NULL) {  /* is error object not a string? */
+    if (luaL_callmeta(L, 1, "__tostring") &&  /* does it have a metamethod */
+        lua_type(L, -1) == LUA_TSTRING)  /* that produces a string? */
+      return 1;  /* that is the message */
+    else
+      msg = lua_pushfstring(L, "(error object is a %s value)",
+                               luaL_typename(L, 1));
+  }
+  luaL_traceback(L, L, msg, 1);  /* append a standard traceback */
+  return 1;  /* return the traceback */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Interface to 'lua_pcall', which sets appropriate message function
+** and C-signal handler. Used to run all chunks.
+*/
+static int docall (lua_State *L, int narg, int nres) {
+  int status;
+  int base = lua_gettop(L) - narg;  /* function index */
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, msghandler);  /* push message handler */
+  lua_insert(L, base);  /* put it under function and args */
+  globalL = L;  /* to be available to 'laction' */
+  setsignal(SIGINT, laction);  /* set C-signal handler */
+  status = lua_pcall(L, narg, nres, base);
+  setsignal(SIGINT, SIG_DFL); /* reset C-signal handler */
+  lua_remove(L, base);  /* remove message handler from the stack */
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+static void print_version (void) {
+  lua_writestring(LUA_COPYRIGHT, strlen(LUA_COPYRIGHT));
+  lua_writeline();
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Create the 'arg' table, which stores all arguments from the
+** command line ('argv'). It should be aligned so that, at index 0,
+** it has 'argv[script]', which is the script name. The arguments
+** to the script (everything after 'script') go to positive indices;
+** other arguments (before the script name) go to negative indices.
+** If there is no script name, assume interpreter's name as base.
+*/
+static void createargtable (lua_State *L, char **argv, int argc, int script) {
+  int i, narg;
+  if (script == argc) script = 0;  /* no script name? */
+  narg = argc - (script + 1);  /* number of positive indices */
+  lua_createtable(L, narg, script + 1);
+  for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
+    lua_pushstring(L, argv[i]);
+    lua_rawseti(L, -2, i - script);
+  }
+  lua_setglobal(L, "arg");
+}
+
+
+static int dochunk (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  if (status == LUA_OK) status = docall(L, 0, 0);
+  return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+static int dofile (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadfile(L, name));
+}
+
+
+static int dostring (lua_State *L, const char *s, const char *name) {
+  return dochunk(L, luaL_loadbuffer(L, s, strlen(s), name));
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Calls 'require(name)' and stores the result in a global variable
+** with the given name.
+*/
+static int dolibrary (lua_State *L, const char *name) {
+  int status;
+  lua_getglobal(L, "require");
+  lua_pushstring(L, name);
+  status = docall(L, 1, 1);  /* call 'require(name)' */
+  if (status == LUA_OK)
+    lua_setglobal(L, name);  /* global[name] = require return */
+  return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Push on the stack the contents of table 'arg' from 1 to #arg
+*/
+static int pushargs (lua_State *L) {
+  int i, n;
+  if (lua_getglobal(L, "arg") != LUA_TTABLE)
+    luaL_error(L, "'arg' is not a table");
+  n = (int)luaL_len(L, -1);
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n + 3, "too many arguments to script");
+  for (i = 1; i <= n; i++)
+    lua_rawgeti(L, -i, i);
+  lua_remove(L, -i);  /* remove table from the stack */
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_script (lua_State *L, char **argv) {
+  int status;
+  const char *fname = argv[0];
+  if (strcmp(fname, "-") == 0 && strcmp(argv[-1], "--") != 0)
+    fname = NULL;  /* stdin */
+  status = luaL_loadfile(L, fname);
+  if (status == LUA_OK) {
+    int n = pushargs(L);  /* push arguments to script */
+    status = docall(L, n, LUA_MULTRET);
+  }
+  return report(L, status);
+}
+
+
+/* bits of various argument indicators in 'args' */
+#define has_error	1	/* bad option */
+#define has_i		2	/* -i */
+#define has_v		4	/* -v */
+#define has_e		8	/* -e */
+#define has_E		16	/* -E */
+
+
+/*
+** Traverses all arguments from 'argv', returning a mask with those
+** needed before running any Lua code (or an error code if it finds
+** any invalid argument). 'first' returns the first not-handled argument
+** (either the script name or a bad argument in case of error).
+*/
+static int collectargs (char **argv, int *first) {
+  int args = 0;
+  int i;
+  for (i = 1; argv[i] != NULL; i++) {
+    *first = i;
+    if (argv[i][0] != '-')  /* not an option? */
+        return args;  /* stop handling options */
+    switch (argv[i][1]) {  /* else check option */
+      case '-':  /* '--' */
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters after '--'? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        *first = i + 1;
+        return args;
+      case '\0':  /* '-' */
+        return args;  /* script "name" is '-' */
+      case 'E':
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        args |= has_E;
+        break;
+      case 'W':
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        break;
+      case 'i':
+        args |= has_i;  /* (-i implies -v) *//* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case 'v':
+        if (argv[i][2] != '\0')  /* extra characters? */
+          return has_error;  /* invalid option */
+        args |= has_v;
+        break;
+      case 'e':
+        args |= has_e;  /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case 'l':  /* both options need an argument */
+        if (argv[i][2] == '\0') {  /* no concatenated argument? */
+          i++;  /* try next 'argv' */
+          if (argv[i] == NULL || argv[i][0] == '-')
+            return has_error;  /* no next argument or it is another option */
+        }
+        break;
+      default:  /* invalid option */
+        return has_error;
+    }
+  }
+  *first = i;  /* no script name */
+  return args;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Processes options 'e' and 'l', which involve running Lua code, and
+** 'W', which also affects the state.
+** Returns 0 if some code raises an error.
+*/
+static int runargs (lua_State *L, char **argv, int n) {
+  int i;
+  for (i = 1; i < n; i++) {
+    int option = argv[i][1];
+    lua_assert(argv[i][0] == '-');  /* already checked */
+    switch (option) {
+      case 'e':  case 'l': {
+        int status;
+        const char *extra = argv[i] + 2;  /* both options need an argument */
+        if (*extra == '\0') extra = argv[++i];
+        lua_assert(extra != NULL);
+        status = (option == 'e')
+                 ? dostring(L, extra, "=(command line)")
+                 : dolibrary(L, extra);
+        if (status != LUA_OK) return 0;
+        break;
+      }
+      case 'W':
+        lua_warning(L, "@on", 0);  /* warnings on */
+        break;
+    }
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int handle_luainit (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *name = "=" LUA_INITVARVERSION;
+  const char *init = getenv(name + 1);
+  if (init == NULL) {
+    name = "=" LUA_INIT_VAR;
+    init = getenv(name + 1);  /* try alternative name */
+  }
+  if (init == NULL) return LUA_OK;
+  else if (init[0] == '@')
+    return dofile(L, init+1);
+  else
+    return dostring(L, init, name);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL)
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PROMPT)
+#define LUA_PROMPT		"> "
+#define LUA_PROMPT2		">> "
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_MAXINPUT)
+#define LUA_MAXINPUT		512
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** lua_stdin_is_tty detects whether the standard input is a 'tty' (that
+** is, whether we're running lua interactively).
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_stdin_is_tty)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_POSIX)	/* { */
+
+#include <unistd.h>
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty()	isatty(0)
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)	/* }{ */
+
+#include <io.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty()	_isatty(_fileno(stdin))
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+/* ISO C definition */
+#define lua_stdin_is_tty()	1  /* assume stdin is a tty */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** lua_readline defines how to show a prompt and then read a line from
+** the standard input.
+** lua_saveline defines how to "save" a read line in a "history".
+** lua_freeline defines how to free a line read by lua_readline.
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_readline)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_READLINE)	/* { */
+
+#include <readline/readline.h>
+#include <readline/history.h>
+#define lua_initreadline(L)	((void)L, rl_readline_name="lua")
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p)	((void)L, ((b)=readline(p)) != NULL)
+#define lua_saveline(L,line)	((void)L, add_history(line))
+#define lua_freeline(L,b)	((void)L, free(b))
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#define lua_initreadline(L)  ((void)L)
+#define lua_readline(L,b,p) \
+        ((void)L, fputs(p, stdout), fflush(stdout),  /* show prompt */ \
+        fgets(b, LUA_MAXINPUT, stdin) != NULL)  /* get line */
+#define lua_saveline(L,line)	{ (void)L; (void)line; }
+#define lua_freeline(L,b)	{ (void)L; (void)b; }
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** Return the string to be used as a prompt by the interpreter. Leave
+** the string (or nil, if using the default value) on the stack, to keep
+** it anchored.
+*/
+static const char *get_prompt (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+  if (lua_getglobal(L, firstline ? "_PROMPT" : "_PROMPT2") == LUA_TNIL)
+    return (firstline ? LUA_PROMPT : LUA_PROMPT2);  /* use the default */
+  else {  /* apply 'tostring' over the value */
+    const char *p = luaL_tolstring(L, -1, NULL);
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove original value */
+    return p;
+  }
+}
+
+/* mark in error messages for incomplete statements */
+#define EOFMARK		"<eof>"
+#define marklen		(sizeof(EOFMARK)/sizeof(char) - 1)
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether 'status' signals a syntax error and the error
+** message at the top of the stack ends with the above mark for
+** incomplete statements.
+*/
+static int incomplete (lua_State *L, int status) {
+  if (status == LUA_ERRSYNTAX) {
+    size_t lmsg;
+    const char *msg = lua_tolstring(L, -1, &lmsg);
+    if (lmsg >= marklen && strcmp(msg + lmsg - marklen, EOFMARK) == 0) {
+      lua_pop(L, 1);
+      return 1;
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;  /* else... */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prompt the user, read a line, and push it into the Lua stack.
+*/
+static int pushline (lua_State *L, int firstline) {
+  char buffer[LUA_MAXINPUT];
+  char *b = buffer;
+  size_t l;
+  const char *prmt = get_prompt(L, firstline);
+  int readstatus = lua_readline(L, b, prmt);
+  if (readstatus == 0)
+    return 0;  /* no input (prompt will be popped by caller) */
+  lua_pop(L, 1);  /* remove prompt */
+  l = strlen(b);
+  if (l > 0 && b[l-1] == '\n')  /* line ends with newline? */
+    b[--l] = '\0';  /* remove it */
+  if (firstline && b[0] == '=')  /* for compatibility with 5.2, ... */
+    lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s", b + 1);  /* change '=' to 'return' */
+  else
+    lua_pushlstring(L, b, l);
+  lua_freeline(L, b);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to compile line on the stack as 'return <line>;'; on return, stack
+** has either compiled chunk or original line (if compilation failed).
+*/
+static int addreturn (lua_State *L) {
+  const char *line = lua_tostring(L, -1);  /* original line */
+  const char *retline = lua_pushfstring(L, "return %s;", line);
+  int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, retline, strlen(retline), "=stdin");
+  if (status == LUA_OK) {
+    lua_remove(L, -2);  /* remove modified line */
+    if (line[0] != '\0')  /* non empty? */
+      lua_saveline(L, line);  /* keep history */
+  }
+  else
+    lua_pop(L, 2);  /* pop result from 'luaL_loadbuffer' and modified line */
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read multiple lines until a complete Lua statement
+*/
+static int multiline (lua_State *L) {
+  for (;;) {  /* repeat until gets a complete statement */
+    size_t len;
+    const char *line = lua_tolstring(L, 1, &len);  /* get what it has */
+    int status = luaL_loadbuffer(L, line, len, "=stdin");  /* try it */
+    if (!incomplete(L, status) || !pushline(L, 0)) {
+      lua_saveline(L, line);  /* keep history */
+      return status;  /* cannot or should not try to add continuation line */
+    }
+    lua_pushliteral(L, "\n");  /* add newline... */
+    lua_insert(L, -2);  /* ...between the two lines */
+    lua_concat(L, 3);  /* join them */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Read a line and try to load (compile) it first as an expression (by
+** adding "return " in front of it) and second as a statement. Return
+** the final status of load/call with the resulting function (if any)
+** in the top of the stack.
+*/
+static int loadline (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  lua_settop(L, 0);
+  if (!pushline(L, 1))
+    return -1;  /* no input */
+  if ((status = addreturn(L)) != LUA_OK)  /* 'return ...' did not work? */
+    status = multiline(L);  /* try as command, maybe with continuation lines */
+  lua_remove(L, 1);  /* remove line from the stack */
+  lua_assert(lua_gettop(L) == 1);
+  return status;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prints (calling the Lua 'print' function) any values on the stack
+*/
+static void l_print (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);
+  if (n > 0) {  /* any result to be printed? */
+    luaL_checkstack(L, LUA_MINSTACK, "too many results to print");
+    lua_getglobal(L, "print");
+    lua_insert(L, 1);
+    if (lua_pcall(L, n, 0, 0) != LUA_OK)
+      l_message(progname, lua_pushfstring(L, "error calling 'print' (%s)",
+                                             lua_tostring(L, -1)));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Do the REPL: repeatedly read (load) a line, evaluate (call) it, and
+** print any results.
+*/
+static void doREPL (lua_State *L) {
+  int status;
+  const char *oldprogname = progname;
+  progname = NULL;  /* no 'progname' on errors in interactive mode */
+  lua_initreadline(L);
+  while ((status = loadline(L)) != -1) {
+    if (status == LUA_OK)
+      status = docall(L, 0, LUA_MULTRET);
+    if (status == LUA_OK) l_print(L);
+    else report(L, status);
+  }
+  lua_settop(L, 0);  /* clear stack */
+  lua_writeline();
+  progname = oldprogname;
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** Main body of stand-alone interpreter (to be called in protected mode).
+** Reads the options and handles them all.
+*/
+static int pmain (lua_State *L) {
+  int argc = (int)lua_tointeger(L, 1);
+  char **argv = (char **)lua_touserdata(L, 2);
+  int script;
+  int args = collectargs(argv, &script);
+  luaL_checkversion(L);  /* check that interpreter has correct version */
+  if (argv[0] && argv[0][0]) progname = argv[0];
+  if (args == has_error) {  /* bad arg? */
+    print_usage(argv[script]);  /* 'script' has index of bad arg. */
+    return 0;
+  }
+  if (args & has_v)  /* option '-v'? */
+    print_version();
+  if (args & has_E) {  /* option '-E'? */
+    lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* signal for libraries to ignore env. vars. */
+    lua_setfield(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, "LUA_NOENV");
+  }
+  luaL_openlibs(L);  /* open standard libraries */
+  createargtable(L, argv, argc, script);  /* create table 'arg' */
+  lua_gc(L, LUA_GCGEN, 0, 0);  /* GC in generational mode */
+  if (!(args & has_E)) {  /* no option '-E'? */
+    if (handle_luainit(L) != LUA_OK)  /* run LUA_INIT */
+      return 0;  /* error running LUA_INIT */
+  }
+  if (!runargs(L, argv, script))  /* execute arguments -e and -l */
+    return 0;  /* something failed */
+  if (script < argc &&  /* execute main script (if there is one) */
+      handle_script(L, argv + script) != LUA_OK)
+    return 0;
+  if (args & has_i)  /* -i option? */
+    doREPL(L);  /* do read-eval-print loop */
+  else if (script == argc && !(args & (has_e | has_v))) {  /* no arguments? */
+    if (lua_stdin_is_tty()) {  /* running in interactive mode? */
+      print_version();
+      doREPL(L);  /* do read-eval-print loop */
+    }
+    else dofile(L, NULL);  /* executes stdin as a file */
+  }
+  lua_pushboolean(L, 1);  /* signal no errors */
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+int main (int argc, char **argv) {
+  int status, result;
+  lua_State *L = luaL_newstate();  /* create state */
+  if (L == NULL) {
+    l_message(argv[0], "cannot create state: not enough memory");
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+  }
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, &pmain);  /* to call 'pmain' in protected mode */
+  lua_pushinteger(L, argc);  /* 1st argument */
+  lua_pushlightuserdata(L, argv); /* 2nd argument */
+  status = lua_pcall(L, 2, 1, 0);  /* do the call */
+  result = lua_toboolean(L, -1);  /* get result */
+  report(L, status);
+  lua_close(L);
+  return (result && status == LUA_OK) ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lua.h b/external/lua/src/lua.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..820535b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lua.h
@@ -0,0 +1,518 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lua.h $
+** Lua - A Scripting Language
+** Lua.org, PUC-Rio, Brazil (http://www.lua.org)
+** See Copyright Notice at the end of this file
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lua_h
+#define lua_h
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+#include "luaconf.h"
+
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_MAJOR	"5"
+#define LUA_VERSION_MINOR	"4"
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE	"3"
+
+#define LUA_VERSION_NUM			504
+#define LUA_VERSION_RELEASE_NUM		(LUA_VERSION_NUM * 100 + 0)
+
+#define LUA_VERSION	"Lua " LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+#define LUA_RELEASE	LUA_VERSION "." LUA_VERSION_RELEASE
+#define LUA_COPYRIGHT	LUA_RELEASE "  Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio"
+#define LUA_AUTHORS	"R. Ierusalimschy, L. H. de Figueiredo, W. Celes"
+
+
+/* mark for precompiled code ('<esc>Lua') */
+#define LUA_SIGNATURE	"\x1bLua"
+
+/* option for multiple returns in 'lua_pcall' and 'lua_call' */
+#define LUA_MULTRET	(-1)
+
+
+/*
+** Pseudo-indices
+** (-LUAI_MAXSTACK is the minimum valid index; we keep some free empty
+** space after that to help overflow detection)
+*/
+#define LUA_REGISTRYINDEX	(-LUAI_MAXSTACK - 1000)
+#define lua_upvalueindex(i)	(LUA_REGISTRYINDEX - (i))
+
+
+/* thread status */
+#define LUA_OK		0
+#define LUA_YIELD	1
+#define LUA_ERRRUN	2
+#define LUA_ERRSYNTAX	3
+#define LUA_ERRMEM	4
+#define LUA_ERRERR	5
+
+
+typedef struct lua_State lua_State;
+
+
+/*
+** basic types
+*/
+#define LUA_TNONE		(-1)
+
+#define LUA_TNIL		0
+#define LUA_TBOOLEAN		1
+#define LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA	2
+#define LUA_TNUMBER		3
+#define LUA_TSTRING		4
+#define LUA_TTABLE		5
+#define LUA_TFUNCTION		6
+#define LUA_TUSERDATA		7
+#define LUA_TTHREAD		8
+
+#define LUA_NUMTYPES		9
+
+
+
+/* minimum Lua stack available to a C function */
+#define LUA_MINSTACK	20
+
+
+/* predefined values in the registry */
+#define LUA_RIDX_MAINTHREAD	1
+#define LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS	2
+#define LUA_RIDX_LAST		LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS
+
+
+/* type of numbers in Lua */
+typedef LUA_NUMBER lua_Number;
+
+
+/* type for integer functions */
+typedef LUA_INTEGER lua_Integer;
+
+/* unsigned integer type */
+typedef LUA_UNSIGNED lua_Unsigned;
+
+/* type for continuation-function contexts */
+typedef LUA_KCONTEXT lua_KContext;
+
+
+/*
+** Type for C functions registered with Lua
+*/
+typedef int (*lua_CFunction) (lua_State *L);
+
+/*
+** Type for continuation functions
+*/
+typedef int (*lua_KFunction) (lua_State *L, int status, lua_KContext ctx);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for functions that read/write blocks when loading/dumping Lua chunks
+*/
+typedef const char * (*lua_Reader) (lua_State *L, void *ud, size_t *sz);
+
+typedef int (*lua_Writer) (lua_State *L, const void *p, size_t sz, void *ud);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for memory-allocation functions
+*/
+typedef void * (*lua_Alloc) (void *ud, void *ptr, size_t osize, size_t nsize);
+
+
+/*
+** Type for warning functions
+*/
+typedef void (*lua_WarnFunction) (void *ud, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** generic extra include file
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USER_H)
+#include LUA_USER_H
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** RCS ident string
+*/
+extern const char lua_ident[];
+
+
+/*
+** state manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newstate) (lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void       (lua_close) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API lua_State *(lua_newthread) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int        (lua_resetthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API lua_CFunction (lua_atpanic) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction panicf);
+
+
+LUA_API lua_Number (lua_version) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** basic stack manipulation
+*/
+LUA_API int   (lua_absindex) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int   (lua_gettop) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void  (lua_settop) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushvalue) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rotate) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_copy) (lua_State *L, int fromidx, int toidx);
+LUA_API int   (lua_checkstack) (lua_State *L, int n);
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_xmove) (lua_State *from, lua_State *to, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** access functions (stack -> C)
+*/
+
+LUA_API int             (lua_isnumber) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_isstring) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_iscfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_isinteger) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_isuserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int             (lua_type) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char     *(lua_typename) (lua_State *L, int tp);
+
+LUA_API lua_Number      (lua_tonumberx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
+LUA_API lua_Integer     (lua_tointegerx) (lua_State *L, int idx, int *isnum);
+LUA_API int             (lua_toboolean) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const char     *(lua_tolstring) (lua_State *L, int idx, size_t *len);
+LUA_API lua_Unsigned    (lua_rawlen) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_CFunction   (lua_tocfunction) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void	       *(lua_touserdata) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API lua_State      *(lua_tothread) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API const void     *(lua_topointer) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** Comparison and arithmetic functions
+*/
+
+#define LUA_OPADD	0	/* ORDER TM, ORDER OP */
+#define LUA_OPSUB	1
+#define LUA_OPMUL	2
+#define LUA_OPMOD	3
+#define LUA_OPPOW	4
+#define LUA_OPDIV	5
+#define LUA_OPIDIV	6
+#define LUA_OPBAND	7
+#define LUA_OPBOR	8
+#define LUA_OPBXOR	9
+#define LUA_OPSHL	10
+#define LUA_OPSHR	11
+#define LUA_OPUNM	12
+#define LUA_OPBNOT	13
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_arith) (lua_State *L, int op);
+
+#define LUA_OPEQ	0
+#define LUA_OPLT	1
+#define LUA_OPLE	2
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_rawequal) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2);
+LUA_API int   (lua_compare) (lua_State *L, int idx1, int idx2, int op);
+
+
+/*
+** push functions (C -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API void        (lua_pushnil) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API void        (lua_pushnumber) (lua_State *L, lua_Number n);
+LUA_API void        (lua_pushinteger) (lua_State *L, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushlstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s, size_t len);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushstring) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushvfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt,
+                                                      va_list argp);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_pushfstring) (lua_State *L, const char *fmt, ...);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushcclosure) (lua_State *L, lua_CFunction fn, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushboolean) (lua_State *L, int b);
+LUA_API void  (lua_pushlightuserdata) (lua_State *L, void *p);
+LUA_API int   (lua_pushthread) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/*
+** get functions (Lua -> stack)
+*/
+LUA_API int (lua_getglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *name);
+LUA_API int (lua_gettable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_getfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API int (lua_geti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawget) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawgeti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API int (lua_rawgetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_createtable) (lua_State *L, int narr, int nrec);
+LUA_API void *(lua_newuserdatauv) (lua_State *L, size_t sz, int nuvalue);
+LUA_API int   (lua_getmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API int  (lua_getiuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** set functions (stack -> Lua)
+*/
+LUA_API void  (lua_setglobal) (lua_State *L, const char *name);
+LUA_API void  (lua_settable) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_setfield) (lua_State *L, int idx, const char *k);
+LUA_API void  (lua_seti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rawset) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rawseti) (lua_State *L, int idx, lua_Integer n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_rawsetp) (lua_State *L, int idx, const void *p);
+LUA_API int   (lua_setmetatable) (lua_State *L, int objindex);
+LUA_API int   (lua_setiuservalue) (lua_State *L, int idx, int n);
+
+
+/*
+** 'load' and 'call' functions (load and run Lua code)
+*/
+LUA_API void  (lua_callk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults,
+                           lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
+#define lua_call(L,n,r)		lua_callk(L, (n), (r), 0, NULL)
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_pcallk) (lua_State *L, int nargs, int nresults, int errfunc,
+                            lua_KContext ctx, lua_KFunction k);
+#define lua_pcall(L,n,r,f)	lua_pcallk(L, (n), (r), (f), 0, NULL)
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_load) (lua_State *L, lua_Reader reader, void *dt,
+                          const char *chunkname, const char *mode);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_dump) (lua_State *L, lua_Writer writer, void *data, int strip);
+
+
+/*
+** coroutine functions
+*/
+LUA_API int  (lua_yieldk)     (lua_State *L, int nresults, lua_KContext ctx,
+                               lua_KFunction k);
+LUA_API int  (lua_resume)     (lua_State *L, lua_State *from, int narg,
+                               int *nres);
+LUA_API int  (lua_status)     (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_isyieldable) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define lua_yield(L,n)		lua_yieldk(L, (n), 0, NULL)
+
+
+/*
+** Warning-related functions
+*/
+LUA_API void (lua_setwarnf) (lua_State *L, lua_WarnFunction f, void *ud);
+LUA_API void (lua_warning)  (lua_State *L, const char *msg, int tocont);
+
+
+/*
+** garbage-collection function and options
+*/
+
+#define LUA_GCSTOP		0
+#define LUA_GCRESTART		1
+#define LUA_GCCOLLECT		2
+#define LUA_GCCOUNT		3
+#define LUA_GCCOUNTB		4
+#define LUA_GCSTEP		5
+#define LUA_GCSETPAUSE		6
+#define LUA_GCSETSTEPMUL	7
+#define LUA_GCISRUNNING		9
+#define LUA_GCGEN		10
+#define LUA_GCINC		11
+
+LUA_API int (lua_gc) (lua_State *L, int what, ...);
+
+
+/*
+** miscellaneous functions
+*/
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_error) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int   (lua_next) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API void  (lua_concat) (lua_State *L, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_len)    (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+LUA_API size_t   (lua_stringtonumber) (lua_State *L, const char *s);
+
+LUA_API lua_Alloc (lua_getallocf) (lua_State *L, void **ud);
+LUA_API void      (lua_setallocf) (lua_State *L, lua_Alloc f, void *ud);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_toclose) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+LUA_API void (lua_closeslot) (lua_State *L, int idx);
+
+
+/*
+** {==============================================================
+** some useful macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+
+#define lua_getextraspace(L)	((void *)((char *)(L) - LUA_EXTRASPACE))
+
+#define lua_tonumber(L,i)	lua_tonumberx(L,(i),NULL)
+#define lua_tointeger(L,i)	lua_tointegerx(L,(i),NULL)
+
+#define lua_pop(L,n)		lua_settop(L, -(n)-1)
+
+#define lua_newtable(L)		lua_createtable(L, 0, 0)
+
+#define lua_register(L,n,f) (lua_pushcfunction(L, (f)), lua_setglobal(L, (n)))
+
+#define lua_pushcfunction(L,f)	lua_pushcclosure(L, (f), 0)
+
+#define lua_isfunction(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TFUNCTION)
+#define lua_istable(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTABLE)
+#define lua_islightuserdata(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TLIGHTUSERDATA)
+#define lua_isnil(L,n)		(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNIL)
+#define lua_isboolean(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TBOOLEAN)
+#define lua_isthread(L,n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TTHREAD)
+#define lua_isnone(L,n)		(lua_type(L, (n)) == LUA_TNONE)
+#define lua_isnoneornil(L, n)	(lua_type(L, (n)) <= 0)
+
+#define lua_pushliteral(L, s)	lua_pushstring(L, "" s)
+
+#define lua_pushglobaltable(L)  \
+	((void)lua_rawgeti(L, LUA_REGISTRYINDEX, LUA_RIDX_GLOBALS))
+
+#define lua_tostring(L,i)	lua_tolstring(L, (i), NULL)
+
+
+#define lua_insert(L,idx)	lua_rotate(L, (idx), 1)
+
+#define lua_remove(L,idx)	(lua_rotate(L, (idx), -1), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+#define lua_replace(L,idx)	(lua_copy(L, -1, (idx)), lua_pop(L, 1))
+
+/* }============================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==============================================================
+** compatibility macros
+** ===============================================================
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS)
+
+#define lua_pushunsigned(L,n)	lua_pushinteger(L, (lua_Integer)(n))
+#define lua_tounsignedx(L,i,is)	((lua_Unsigned)lua_tointegerx(L,i,is))
+#define lua_tounsigned(L,i)	lua_tounsignedx(L,(i),NULL)
+
+#endif
+
+#define lua_newuserdata(L,s)	lua_newuserdatauv(L,s,1)
+#define lua_getuservalue(L,idx)	lua_getiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+#define lua_setuservalue(L,idx)	lua_setiuservalue(L,idx,1)
+
+#define LUA_NUMTAGS		LUA_NUMTYPES
+
+/* }============================================================== */
+
+/*
+** {======================================================================
+** Debug API
+** =======================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** Event codes
+*/
+#define LUA_HOOKCALL	0
+#define LUA_HOOKRET	1
+#define LUA_HOOKLINE	2
+#define LUA_HOOKCOUNT	3
+#define LUA_HOOKTAILCALL 4
+
+
+/*
+** Event masks
+*/
+#define LUA_MASKCALL	(1 << LUA_HOOKCALL)
+#define LUA_MASKRET	(1 << LUA_HOOKRET)
+#define LUA_MASKLINE	(1 << LUA_HOOKLINE)
+#define LUA_MASKCOUNT	(1 << LUA_HOOKCOUNT)
+
+typedef struct lua_Debug lua_Debug;  /* activation record */
+
+
+/* Functions to be called by the debugger in specific events */
+typedef void (*lua_Hook) (lua_State *L, lua_Debug *ar);
+
+
+LUA_API int (lua_getstack) (lua_State *L, int level, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API int (lua_getinfo) (lua_State *L, const char *what, lua_Debug *ar);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setlocal) (lua_State *L, const lua_Debug *ar, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_getupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+LUA_API const char *(lua_setupvalue) (lua_State *L, int funcindex, int n);
+
+LUA_API void *(lua_upvalueid) (lua_State *L, int fidx, int n);
+LUA_API void  (lua_upvaluejoin) (lua_State *L, int fidx1, int n1,
+                                               int fidx2, int n2);
+
+LUA_API void (lua_sethook) (lua_State *L, lua_Hook func, int mask, int count);
+LUA_API lua_Hook (lua_gethook) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookmask) (lua_State *L);
+LUA_API int (lua_gethookcount) (lua_State *L);
+
+LUA_API int (lua_setcstacklimit) (lua_State *L, unsigned int limit);
+
+struct lua_Debug {
+  int event;
+  const char *name;	/* (n) */
+  const char *namewhat;	/* (n) 'global', 'local', 'field', 'method' */
+  const char *what;	/* (S) 'Lua', 'C', 'main', 'tail' */
+  const char *source;	/* (S) */
+  size_t srclen;	/* (S) */
+  int currentline;	/* (l) */
+  int linedefined;	/* (S) */
+  int lastlinedefined;	/* (S) */
+  unsigned char nups;	/* (u) number of upvalues */
+  unsigned char nparams;/* (u) number of parameters */
+  char isvararg;        /* (u) */
+  char istailcall;	/* (t) */
+  unsigned short ftransfer;   /* (r) index of first value transferred */
+  unsigned short ntransfer;   /* (r) number of transferred values */
+  char short_src[LUA_IDSIZE]; /* (S) */
+  /* private part */
+  struct CallInfo *i_ci;  /* active function */
+};
+
+/* }====================================================================== */
+
+
+/******************************************************************************
+* Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+*
+* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+* a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+* distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+* the following conditions:
+*
+* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+* included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+*
+* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+* EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+* MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+* IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+* CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+* TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+* SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+******************************************************************************/
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lua.hpp b/external/lua/src/lua.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec417f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lua.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// lua.hpp
+// Lua header files for C++
+// <<extern "C">> not supplied automatically because Lua also compiles as C++
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+}
diff --git a/external/lua/src/luac.c b/external/lua/src/luac.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56ddc41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/luac.c
@@ -0,0 +1,724 @@
+/*
+** $Id: luac.c $
+** Lua compiler (saves bytecodes to files; also lists bytecodes)
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define luac_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lopnames.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full);
+#define luaU_print	PrintFunction
+
+#define PROGNAME	"luac"		/* default program name */
+#define OUTPUT		PROGNAME ".out"	/* default output file */
+
+static int listing=0;			/* list bytecodes? */
+static int dumping=1;			/* dump bytecodes? */
+static int stripping=0;			/* strip debug information? */
+static char Output[]={ OUTPUT };	/* default output file name */
+static const char* output=Output;	/* actual output file name */
+static const char* progname=PROGNAME;	/* actual program name */
+static TString **tmname;
+
+static void fatal(const char* message)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void cannot(const char* what)
+{
+ fprintf(stderr,"%s: cannot %s %s: %s\n",progname,what,output,strerror(errno));
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+static void usage(const char* message)
+{
+ if (*message=='-')
+  fprintf(stderr,"%s: unrecognized option '%s'\n",progname,message);
+ else
+  fprintf(stderr,"%s: %s\n",progname,message);
+ fprintf(stderr,
+  "usage: %s [options] [filenames]\n"
+  "Available options are:\n"
+  "  -l       list (use -l -l for full listing)\n"
+  "  -o name  output to file 'name' (default is \"%s\")\n"
+  "  -p       parse only\n"
+  "  -s       strip debug information\n"
+  "  -v       show version information\n"
+  "  --       stop handling options\n"
+  "  -        stop handling options and process stdin\n"
+  ,progname,Output);
+ exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+}
+
+#define IS(s)	(strcmp(argv[i],s)==0)
+
+static int doargs(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ int i;
+ int version=0;
+ if (argv[0]!=NULL && *argv[0]!=0) progname=argv[0];
+ for (i=1; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+  if (*argv[i]!='-')			/* end of options; keep it */
+   break;
+  else if (IS("--"))			/* end of options; skip it */
+  {
+   ++i;
+   if (version) ++version;
+   break;
+  }
+  else if (IS("-"))			/* end of options; use stdin */
+   break;
+  else if (IS("-l"))			/* list */
+   ++listing;
+  else if (IS("-o"))			/* output file */
+  {
+   output=argv[++i];
+   if (output==NULL || *output==0 || (*output=='-' && output[1]!=0))
+    usage("'-o' needs argument");
+   if (IS("-")) output=NULL;
+  }
+  else if (IS("-p"))			/* parse only */
+   dumping=0;
+  else if (IS("-s"))			/* strip debug information */
+   stripping=1;
+  else if (IS("-v"))			/* show version */
+   ++version;
+  else					/* unknown option */
+   usage(argv[i]);
+ }
+ if (i==argc && (listing || !dumping))
+ {
+  dumping=0;
+  argv[--i]=Output;
+ }
+ if (version)
+ {
+  printf("%s\n",LUA_COPYRIGHT);
+  if (version==argc-1) exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
+ }
+ return i;
+}
+
+#define FUNCTION "(function()end)();"
+
+static const char* reader(lua_State* L, void* ud, size_t* size)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ if ((*(int*)ud)--)
+ {
+  *size=sizeof(FUNCTION)-1;
+  return FUNCTION;
+ }
+ else
+ {
+  *size=0;
+  return NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+#define toproto(L,i) getproto(s2v(L->top+(i)))
+
+static const Proto* combine(lua_State* L, int n)
+{
+ if (n==1)
+  return toproto(L,-1);
+ else
+ {
+  Proto* f;
+  int i=n;
+  if (lua_load(L,reader,&i,"=(" PROGNAME ")",NULL)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+  f=toproto(L,-1);
+  for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+  {
+   f->p[i]=toproto(L,i-n-1);
+   if (f->p[i]->sizeupvalues>0) f->p[i]->upvalues[0].instack=0;
+  }
+  f->sizelineinfo=0;
+  return f;
+ }
+}
+
+static int writer(lua_State* L, const void* p, size_t size, void* u)
+{
+ UNUSED(L);
+ return (fwrite(p,size,1,(FILE*)u)!=1) && (size!=0);
+}
+
+static int pmain(lua_State* L)
+{
+ int argc=(int)lua_tointeger(L,1);
+ char** argv=(char**)lua_touserdata(L,2);
+ const Proto* f;
+ int i;
+ tmname=G(L)->tmname;
+ if (!lua_checkstack(L,argc)) fatal("too many input files");
+ for (i=0; i<argc; i++)
+ {
+  const char* filename=IS("-") ? NULL : argv[i];
+  if (luaL_loadfile(L,filename)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ }
+ f=combine(L,argc);
+ if (listing) luaU_print(f,listing>1);
+ if (dumping)
+ {
+  FILE* D= (output==NULL) ? stdout : fopen(output,"wb");
+  if (D==NULL) cannot("open");
+  lua_lock(L);
+  luaU_dump(L,f,writer,D,stripping);
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  if (ferror(D)) cannot("write");
+  if (fclose(D)) cannot("close");
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[])
+{
+ lua_State* L;
+ int i=doargs(argc,argv);
+ argc-=i; argv+=i;
+ if (argc<=0) usage("no input files given");
+ L=luaL_newstate();
+ if (L==NULL) fatal("cannot create state: not enough memory");
+ lua_pushcfunction(L,&pmain);
+ lua_pushinteger(L,argc);
+ lua_pushlightuserdata(L,argv);
+ if (lua_pcall(L,2,0,0)!=LUA_OK) fatal(lua_tostring(L,-1));
+ lua_close(L);
+ return EXIT_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+/*
+** print bytecodes
+*/
+
+#define UPVALNAME(x) ((f->upvalues[x].name) ? getstr(f->upvalues[x].name) : "-")
+#define VOID(p) ((const void*)(p))
+#define eventname(i) (getstr(tmname[i]))
+
+static void PrintString(const TString* ts)
+{
+ const char* s=getstr(ts);
+ size_t i,n=tsslen(ts);
+ printf("\"");
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  int c=(int)(unsigned char)s[i];
+  switch (c)
+  {
+   case '"':
+	printf("\\\"");
+	break;
+   case '\\':
+	printf("\\\\");
+	break;
+   case '\a':
+	printf("\\a");
+	break;
+   case '\b':
+	printf("\\b");
+	break;
+   case '\f':
+	printf("\\f");
+	break;
+   case '\n':
+	printf("\\n");
+	break;
+   case '\r':
+	printf("\\r");
+	break;
+   case '\t':
+	printf("\\t");
+	break;
+   case '\v':
+	printf("\\v");
+	break;
+   default:
+	if (isprint(c)) printf("%c",c); else printf("\\%03d",c);
+	break;
+  }
+ }
+ printf("\"");
+}
+
+static void PrintType(const Proto* f, int i)
+{
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttypetag(o))
+ {
+  case LUA_VNIL:
+	printf("N");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VFALSE:
+  case LUA_VTRUE:
+	printf("B");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+	printf("F");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VNUMINT:
+	printf("I");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+  case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+	printf("S");
+	break;
+  default:				/* cannot happen */
+	printf("?%d",ttypetag(o));
+	break;
+ }
+ printf("\t");
+}
+
+static void PrintConstant(const Proto* f, int i)
+{
+ const TValue* o=&f->k[i];
+ switch (ttypetag(o))
+ {
+  case LUA_VNIL:
+	printf("nil");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VFALSE:
+	printf("false");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VTRUE:
+	printf("true");
+	break;
+  case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+	{
+	char buff[100];
+	sprintf(buff,LUA_NUMBER_FMT,fltvalue(o));
+	printf("%s",buff);
+	if (buff[strspn(buff,"-0123456789")]=='\0') printf(".0");
+	break;
+	}
+  case LUA_VNUMINT:
+	printf(LUA_INTEGER_FMT,ivalue(o));
+	break;
+  case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+  case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+	PrintString(tsvalue(o));
+	break;
+  default:				/* cannot happen */
+	printf("?%d",ttypetag(o));
+	break;
+ }
+}
+
+#define COMMENT		"\t; "
+#define EXTRAARG	GETARG_Ax(code[pc+1])
+#define EXTRAARGC	(EXTRAARG*(MAXARG_C+1))
+#define ISK		(isk ? "k" : "")
+
+static void PrintCode(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const Instruction* code=f->code;
+ int pc,n=f->sizecode;
+ for (pc=0; pc<n; pc++)
+ {
+  Instruction i=code[pc];
+  OpCode o=GET_OPCODE(i);
+  int a=GETARG_A(i);
+  int b=GETARG_B(i);
+  int c=GETARG_C(i);
+  int ax=GETARG_Ax(i);
+  int bx=GETARG_Bx(i);
+  int sb=GETARG_sB(i);
+  int sc=GETARG_sC(i);
+  int sbx=GETARG_sBx(i);
+  int isk=GETARG_k(i);
+  int line=luaG_getfuncline(f,pc);
+  printf("\t%d\t",pc+1);
+  if (line>0) printf("[%d]\t",line); else printf("[-]\t");
+  printf("%-9s\t",opnames[o]);
+  switch (o)
+  {
+   case OP_MOVE:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADI:
+	printf("%d %d",a,sbx);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADF:
+	printf("%d %d",a,sbx);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADK:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,bx);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADKX:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,EXTRAARG);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADFALSE:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_LFALSESKIP:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADTRUE:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_LOADNIL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	printf(COMMENT "%d out",b+1);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETUPVAL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(b));
+	break;
+   case OP_SETUPVAL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(b));
+	break;
+   case OP_GETTABUP:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(b));
+	printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETTABLE:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_GETFIELD:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SETTABUP:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",UPVALNAME(a));
+	printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	if (isk) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_SETTABLE:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	if (isk) { printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_SETI:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	if (isk) { printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_SETFIELD:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	if (isk) { printf(" "); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_NEWTABLE:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "%d",c+EXTRAARGC);
+	break;
+   case OP_SELF:
+	printf("%d %d %d%s",a,b,c,ISK);
+	if (isk) { printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c); }
+	break;
+   case OP_ADDI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
+	break;
+   case OP_ADDK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SUBK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MULK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MODK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_POWK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_DIVK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_IDIVK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BANDK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BORK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BXORK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHRI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHLI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,sc);
+	break;
+   case OP_ADD:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SUB:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MUL:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MOD:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_POW:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_DIV:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_IDIV:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BAND:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BOR:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_BXOR:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHL:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_SHR:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_MMBIN:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",eventname(c));
+	break;
+   case OP_MMBINI:
+	printf("%d %d %d %d",a,sb,c,isk);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s",eventname(c));
+	if (isk) printf(" flip");
+	break;
+   case OP_MMBINK:
+	printf("%d %d %d %d",a,b,c,isk);
+	printf(COMMENT "%s ",eventname(c)); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	if (isk) printf(" flip");
+	break;
+   case OP_UNM:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_BNOT:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_NOT:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_LEN:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_CONCAT:
+	printf("%d %d",a,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_CLOSE:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_TBC:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_JMP:
+	printf("%d",GETARG_sJ(i));
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",GETARG_sJ(i)+pc+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_EQ:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LT:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LE:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_EQK:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	printf(COMMENT); PrintConstant(f,b);
+	break;
+   case OP_EQI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LTI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_LEI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_GTI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_GEI:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,sb,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_TEST:
+	printf("%d %d",a,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_TESTSET:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,isk);
+	break;
+   case OP_CALL:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT);
+	if (b==0) printf("all in "); else printf("%d in ",b-1);
+	if (c==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",c-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_TAILCALL:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "%d in",b-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_RETURN:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT);
+	if (b==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",b-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_RETURN0:
+	break;
+   case OP_RETURN1:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_FORLOOP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc-bx+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_FORPREP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc+bx+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_TFORPREP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc+bx+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_TFORCALL:
+	printf("%d %d",a,c);
+	break;
+   case OP_TFORLOOP:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "to %d",pc-bx+2);
+	break;
+   case OP_SETLIST:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	if (isk) printf(COMMENT "%d",c+EXTRAARGC);
+	break;
+   case OP_CLOSURE:
+	printf("%d %d",a,bx);
+	printf(COMMENT "%p",VOID(f->p[bx]));
+	break;
+   case OP_VARARG:
+	printf("%d %d",a,c);
+	printf(COMMENT);
+	if (c==0) printf("all out"); else printf("%d out",c-1);
+	break;
+   case OP_VARARGPREP:
+	printf("%d",a);
+	break;
+   case OP_EXTRAARG:
+	printf("%d",ax);
+	break;
+#if 0
+   default:
+	printf("%d %d %d",a,b,c);
+	printf(COMMENT "not handled");
+	break;
+#endif
+  }
+  printf("\n");
+ }
+}
+
+
+#define SS(x)	((x==1)?"":"s")
+#define S(x)	(int)(x),SS(x)
+
+static void PrintHeader(const Proto* f)
+{
+ const char* s=f->source ? getstr(f->source) : "=?";
+ if (*s=='@' || *s=='=')
+  s++;
+ else if (*s==LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+  s="(bstring)";
+ else
+  s="(string)";
+ printf("\n%s <%s:%d,%d> (%d instruction%s at %p)\n",
+	(f->linedefined==0)?"main":"function",s,
+	f->linedefined,f->lastlinedefined,
+	S(f->sizecode),VOID(f));
+ printf("%d%s param%s, %d slot%s, %d upvalue%s, ",
+	(int)(f->numparams),f->is_vararg?"+":"",SS(f->numparams),
+	S(f->maxstacksize),S(f->sizeupvalues));
+ printf("%d local%s, %d constant%s, %d function%s\n",
+	S(f->sizelocvars),S(f->sizek),S(f->sizep));
+}
+
+static void PrintDebug(const Proto* f)
+{
+ int i,n;
+ n=f->sizek;
+ printf("constants (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  printf("\t%d\t",i);
+  PrintType(f,i);
+  PrintConstant(f,i);
+  printf("\n");
+ }
+ n=f->sizelocvars;
+ printf("locals (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+  i,getstr(f->locvars[i].varname),f->locvars[i].startpc+1,f->locvars[i].endpc+1);
+ }
+ n=f->sizeupvalues;
+ printf("upvalues (%d) for %p:\n",n,VOID(f));
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++)
+ {
+  printf("\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%d\n",
+  i,UPVALNAME(i),f->upvalues[i].instack,f->upvalues[i].idx);
+ }
+}
+
+static void PrintFunction(const Proto* f, int full)
+{
+ int i,n=f->sizep;
+ PrintHeader(f);
+ PrintCode(f);
+ if (full) PrintDebug(f);
+ for (i=0; i<n; i++) PrintFunction(f->p[i],full);
+}
diff --git a/external/lua/src/luaconf.h b/external/lua/src/luaconf.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e64d2ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/luaconf.h
@@ -0,0 +1,790 @@
+/*
+** $Id: luaconf.h $
+** Configuration file for Lua
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef luaconf_h
+#define luaconf_h
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+
+
+/*
+** ===================================================================
+** General Configuration File for Lua
+**
+** Some definitions here can be changed externally, through the compiler
+** (e.g., with '-D' options): They are commented out or protected
+** by '#if !defined' guards. However, several other definitions
+** should be changed directly here, either because they affect the
+** Lua ABI (by making the changes here, you ensure that all software
+** connected to Lua, such as C libraries, will be compiled with the same
+** configuration); or because they are seldom changed.
+**
+** Search for "@@" to find all configurable definitions.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+
+/*
+** {====================================================================
+** System Configuration: macros to adapt (if needed) Lua to some
+** particular platform, for instance restricting it to C89.
+** =====================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_USE_C89 controls the use of non-ISO-C89 features.
+** Define it if you want Lua to avoid the use of a few C99 features
+** or Windows-specific features on Windows.
+*/
+/* #define LUA_USE_C89 */
+
+
+/*
+** By default, Lua on Windows use (some) specific Windows features
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(_WIN32) && !defined(_WIN32_WCE)
+#define LUA_USE_WINDOWS  /* enable goodies for regular Windows */
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_DL_DLL	/* enable support for DLL */
+#define LUA_USE_C89	/* broadly, Windows is C89 */
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_LINUX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN		/* needs an extra library: -ldl */
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_USE_MACOSX)
+#define LUA_USE_POSIX
+#define LUA_USE_DLOPEN		/* MacOS does not need -ldl */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_IS32INT is true iff 'int' has (at least) 32 bits.
+*/
+#define LUAI_IS32INT	((UINT_MAX >> 30) >= 3)
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for Number types. These options should not be
+** set externally, because any other code connected to Lua must
+** use the same configuration.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_INT_TYPE defines the type for Lua integers.
+@@ LUA_FLOAT_TYPE defines the type for Lua floats.
+** Lua should work fine with any mix of these options supported
+** by your C compiler. The usual configurations are 64-bit integers
+** and 'double' (the default), 32-bit integers and 'float' (for
+** restricted platforms), and 'long'/'double' (for C compilers not
+** compliant with C99, which may not have support for 'long long').
+*/
+
+/* predefined options for LUA_INT_TYPE */
+#define LUA_INT_INT		1
+#define LUA_INT_LONG		2
+#define LUA_INT_LONGLONG	3
+
+/* predefined options for LUA_FLOAT_TYPE */
+#define LUA_FLOAT_FLOAT		1
+#define LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE	2
+#define LUA_FLOAT_LONGDOUBLE	3
+
+
+/* Default configuration ('long long' and 'double', for 64-bit Lua) */
+#define LUA_INT_DEFAULT		LUA_INT_LONGLONG
+#define LUA_FLOAT_DEFAULT	LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_32BITS enables Lua with 32-bit integers and 32-bit floats.
+*/
+#define LUA_32BITS	0
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_C89_NUMBERS ensures that Lua uses the largest types available for
+** C89 ('long' and 'double'); Windows always has '__int64', so it does
+** not need to use this case.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_C89) && !defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS)
+#define LUA_C89_NUMBERS		1
+#else
+#define LUA_C89_NUMBERS		0
+#endif
+
+
+#if LUA_32BITS		/* { */
+/*
+** 32-bit integers and 'float'
+*/
+#if LUAI_IS32INT  /* use 'int' if big enough */
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_INT
+#else  /* otherwise use 'long' */
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_LONG
+#endif
+#define LUA_FLOAT_TYPE	LUA_FLOAT_FLOAT
+
+#elif LUA_C89_NUMBERS	/* }{ */
+/*
+** largest types available for C89 ('long' and 'double')
+*/
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_LONG
+#define LUA_FLOAT_TYPE	LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE
+
+#else		/* }{ */
+/* use defaults */
+
+#define LUA_INT_TYPE	LUA_INT_DEFAULT
+#define LUA_FLOAT_TYPE	LUA_FLOAT_DEFAULT
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for Paths.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** LUA_PATH_SEP is the character that separates templates in a path.
+** LUA_PATH_MARK is the string that marks the substitution points in a
+** template.
+** LUA_EXEC_DIR in a Windows path is replaced by the executable's
+** directory.
+*/
+#define LUA_PATH_SEP            ";"
+#define LUA_PATH_MARK           "?"
+#define LUA_EXEC_DIR            "!"
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_PATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+** Lua libraries.
+@@ LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT is the default path that Lua uses to look for
+** C libraries.
+** CHANGE them if your machine has a non-conventional directory
+** hierarchy or if you want to install your libraries in
+** non-conventional directories.
+*/
+
+#define LUA_VDIR	LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "." LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+#if defined(_WIN32)	/* { */
+/*
+** In Windows, any exclamation mark ('!') in the path is replaced by the
+** path of the directory of the executable file of the current process.
+*/
+#define LUA_LDIR	"!\\lua\\"
+#define LUA_CDIR	"!\\"
+#define LUA_SHRDIR	"!\\..\\share\\lua\\" LUA_VDIR "\\"
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT  \
+		LUA_LDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		LUA_SHRDIR"?.lua;" LUA_SHRDIR"?\\init.lua;" \
+		".\\?.lua;" ".\\?\\init.lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.dll;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"..\\lib\\lua\\" LUA_VDIR "\\?.dll;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"loadall.dll;" ".\\?.dll"
+#endif
+
+#else			/* }{ */
+
+#define LUA_ROOT	"/usr/local/"
+#define LUA_LDIR	LUA_ROOT "share/lua/" LUA_VDIR "/"
+#define LUA_CDIR	LUA_ROOT "lib/lua/" LUA_VDIR "/"
+
+#if !defined(LUA_PATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_PATH_DEFAULT  \
+		LUA_LDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_LDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.lua;"  LUA_CDIR"?/init.lua;" \
+		"./?.lua;" "./?/init.lua"
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT)
+#define LUA_CPATH_DEFAULT \
+		LUA_CDIR"?.so;" LUA_CDIR"loadall.so;" "./?.so"
+#endif
+
+#endif			/* } */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_DIRSEP is the directory separator (for submodules).
+** CHANGE it if your machine does not use "/" as the directory separator
+** and is not Windows. (On Windows Lua automatically uses "\".)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_DIRSEP)
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define LUA_DIRSEP	"\\"
+#else
+#define LUA_DIRSEP	"/"
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Marks for exported symbols in the C code
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_API is a mark for all core API functions.
+@@ LUALIB_API is a mark for all auxiliary library functions.
+@@ LUAMOD_API is a mark for all standard library opening functions.
+** CHANGE them if you need to define those functions in some special way.
+** For instance, if you want to create one Windows DLL with the core and
+** the libraries, you may want to use the following definition (define
+** LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL to get it).
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_BUILD_AS_DLL)	/* { */
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB)	/* { */
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#else						/* }{ */
+#define LUA_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#endif						/* } */
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#define LUA_API		extern
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+
+/*
+** More often than not the libs go together with the core.
+*/
+#define LUALIB_API	LUA_API
+#define LUAMOD_API	LUA_API
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_FUNC is a mark for all extern functions that are not to be
+** exported to outside modules.
+@@ LUAI_DDEF and LUAI_DDEC are marks for all extern (const) variables,
+** none of which to be exported to outside modules (LUAI_DDEF for
+** definitions and LUAI_DDEC for declarations).
+** CHANGE them if you need to mark them in some special way. Elf/gcc
+** (versions 3.2 and later) mark them as "hidden" to optimize access
+** when Lua is compiled as a shared library. Not all elf targets support
+** this attribute. Unfortunately, gcc does not offer a way to check
+** whether the target offers that support, and those without support
+** give a warning about it. To avoid these warnings, change to the
+** default definition.
+*/
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__*100 + __GNUC_MINOR__) >= 302) && \
+    defined(__ELF__)		/* { */
+#define LUAI_FUNC	__attribute__((visibility("internal"))) extern
+#else				/* }{ */
+#define LUAI_FUNC	extern
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#define LUAI_DDEC(dec)	LUAI_FUNC dec
+#define LUAI_DDEF	/* empty */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Compatibility with previous versions
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_5_3 controls other macros for compatibility with Lua 5.3.
+** You can define it to get all options, or change specific options
+** to fit your specific needs.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_5_3)	/* { */
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB controls the presence of several deprecated
+** functions in the mathematical library.
+** (These functions were already officially removed in 5.3;
+** nevertheless they are still available here.)
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_MATHLIB
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS controls the presence of macros for
+** manipulating other integer types (lua_pushunsigned, lua_tounsigned,
+** luaL_checkint, luaL_checklong, etc.)
+** (These macros were also officially removed in 5.3, but they are still
+** available here.)
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_APIINTCASTS
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE controls the emulation of the '__le' metamethod
+** using '__lt'.
+*/
+#define LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE
+
+
+/*
+@@ The following macros supply trivial compatibility for some
+** changes in the API. The macros themselves document how to
+** change your code to avoid using them.
+** (Once more, these macros were officially removed in 5.3, but they are
+** still available here.)
+*/
+#define lua_strlen(L,i)		lua_rawlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_objlen(L,i)		lua_rawlen(L, (i))
+
+#define lua_equal(L,idx1,idx2)		lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPEQ)
+#define lua_lessthan(L,idx1,idx2)	lua_compare(L,(idx1),(idx2),LUA_OPLT)
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Configuration for Numbers (low-level part).
+** Change these definitions if no predefined LUA_FLOAT_* / LUA_INT_*
+** satisfy your needs.
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_UACNUMBER is the result of a 'default argument promotion'
+@@ over a floating number.
+@@ l_floatatt(x) corrects float attribute 'x' to the proper float type
+** by prefixing it with one of FLT/DBL/LDBL.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN is the length modifier for writing floats.
+@@ LUA_NUMBER_FMT is the format for writing floats.
+@@ lua_number2str converts a float to a string.
+@@ l_mathop allows the addition of an 'l' or 'f' to all math operations.
+@@ l_floor takes the floor of a float.
+@@ lua_str2number converts a decimal numeral to a number.
+*/
+
+
+/* The following definitions are good for most cases here */
+
+#define l_floor(x)		(l_mathop(floor)(x))
+
+#define lua_number2str(s,sz,n)  \
+	l_sprintf((s), sz, LUA_NUMBER_FMT, (LUAI_UACNUMBER)(n))
+
+/*
+@@ lua_numbertointeger converts a float number with an integral value
+** to an integer, or returns 0 if float is not within the range of
+** a lua_Integer.  (The range comparisons are tricky because of
+** rounding. The tests here assume a two-complement representation,
+** where MININTEGER always has an exact representation as a float;
+** MAXINTEGER may not have one, and therefore its conversion to float
+** may have an ill-defined value.)
+*/
+#define lua_numbertointeger(n,p) \
+  ((n) >= (LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+   (n) < -(LUA_NUMBER)(LUA_MININTEGER) && \
+      (*(p) = (LUA_INTEGER)(n), 1))
+
+
+/* now the variable definitions */
+
+#if LUA_FLOAT_TYPE == LUA_FLOAT_FLOAT		/* { single float */
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER	float
+
+#define l_floatatt(n)		(FLT_##n)
+
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER	double
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	""
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.7g"
+
+#define l_mathop(op)		op##f
+
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	strtof((s), (p))
+
+
+#elif LUA_FLOAT_TYPE == LUA_FLOAT_LONGDOUBLE	/* }{ long double */
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER	long double
+
+#define l_floatatt(n)		(LDBL_##n)
+
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER	long double
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	"L"
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.19Lg"
+
+#define l_mathop(op)		op##l
+
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	strtold((s), (p))
+
+#elif LUA_FLOAT_TYPE == LUA_FLOAT_DOUBLE	/* }{ double */
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER	double
+
+#define l_floatatt(n)		(DBL_##n)
+
+#define LUAI_UACNUMBER	double
+
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FRMLEN	""
+#define LUA_NUMBER_FMT		"%.14g"
+
+#define l_mathop(op)		op
+
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	strtod((s), (p))
+
+#else						/* }{ */
+
+#error "numeric float type not defined"
+
+#endif					/* } */
+
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_UNSIGNED is the unsigned version of LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUAI_UACINT is the result of a 'default argument promotion'
+@@ over a LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN is the length modifier for reading/writing integers.
+@@ LUA_INTEGER_FMT is the format for writing integers.
+@@ LUA_MAXINTEGER is the maximum value for a LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUA_MININTEGER is the minimum value for a LUA_INTEGER.
+@@ LUA_MAXUNSIGNED is the maximum value for a LUA_UNSIGNED.
+@@ LUA_UNSIGNEDBITS is the number of bits in a LUA_UNSIGNED.
+@@ lua_integer2str converts an integer to a string.
+*/
+
+
+/* The following definitions are good for most cases here */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FMT		"%" LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN "d"
+
+#define LUAI_UACINT		LUA_INTEGER
+
+#define lua_integer2str(s,sz,n)  \
+	l_sprintf((s), sz, LUA_INTEGER_FMT, (LUAI_UACINT)(n))
+
+/*
+** use LUAI_UACINT here to avoid problems with promotions (which
+** can turn a comparison between unsigneds into a signed comparison)
+*/
+#define LUA_UNSIGNED		unsigned LUAI_UACINT
+
+
+#define LUA_UNSIGNEDBITS	(sizeof(LUA_UNSIGNED) * CHAR_BIT)
+
+
+/* now the variable definitions */
+
+#if LUA_INT_TYPE == LUA_INT_INT		/* { int */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		int
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	""
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		INT_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		INT_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		UINT_MAX
+
+#elif LUA_INT_TYPE == LUA_INT_LONG	/* }{ long */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		long
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	"l"
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		LONG_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		LONG_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		ULONG_MAX
+
+#elif LUA_INT_TYPE == LUA_INT_LONGLONG	/* }{ long long */
+
+/* use presence of macro LLONG_MAX as proxy for C99 compliance */
+#if defined(LLONG_MAX)		/* { */
+/* use ISO C99 stuff */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		long long
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	"ll"
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		LLONG_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		LLONG_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		ULLONG_MAX
+
+#elif defined(LUA_USE_WINDOWS) /* }{ */
+/* in Windows, can use specific Windows types */
+
+#define LUA_INTEGER		__int64
+#define LUA_INTEGER_FRMLEN	"I64"
+
+#define LUA_MAXINTEGER		_I64_MAX
+#define LUA_MININTEGER		_I64_MIN
+
+#define LUA_MAXUNSIGNED		_UI64_MAX
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#error "Compiler does not support 'long long'. Use option '-DLUA_32BITS' \
+  or '-DLUA_C89_NUMBERS' (see file 'luaconf.h' for details)"
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+#else				/* }{ */
+
+#error "numeric integer type not defined"
+
+#endif				/* } */
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Dependencies with C99 and other C details
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ l_sprintf is equivalent to 'snprintf' or 'sprintf' in C89.
+** (All uses in Lua have only one format item.)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define l_sprintf(s,sz,f,i)	snprintf(s,sz,f,i)
+#else
+#define l_sprintf(s,sz,f,i)	((void)(sz), sprintf(s,f,i))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_strx2number converts a hexadecimal numeral to a number.
+** In C99, 'strtod' does that conversion. Otherwise, you can
+** leave 'lua_strx2number' undefined and Lua will provide its own
+** implementation.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define lua_strx2number(s,p)		lua_str2number(s,p)
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_pointer2str converts a pointer to a readable string in a
+** non-specified way.
+*/
+#define lua_pointer2str(buff,sz,p)	l_sprintf(buff,sz,"%p",p)
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_number2strx converts a float to a hexadecimal numeral.
+** In C99, 'sprintf' (with format specifiers '%a'/'%A') does that.
+** Otherwise, you can leave 'lua_number2strx' undefined and Lua will
+** provide its own implementation.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89)
+#define lua_number2strx(L,b,sz,f,n)  \
+	((void)L, l_sprintf(b,sz,f,(LUAI_UACNUMBER)(n)))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** 'strtof' and 'opf' variants for math functions are not valid in
+** C89. Otherwise, the macro 'HUGE_VALF' is a good proxy for testing the
+** availability of these variants. ('math.h' is already included in
+** all files that use these macros.)
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_C89) || (defined(HUGE_VAL) && !defined(HUGE_VALF))
+#undef l_mathop  /* variants not available */
+#undef lua_str2number
+#define l_mathop(op)		(lua_Number)op  /* no variant */
+#define lua_str2number(s,p)	((lua_Number)strtod((s), (p)))
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_KCONTEXT is the type of the context ('ctx') for continuation
+** functions.  It must be a numerical type; Lua will use 'intptr_t' if
+** available, otherwise it will use 'ptrdiff_t' (the nearest thing to
+** 'intptr_t' in C89)
+*/
+#define LUA_KCONTEXT	ptrdiff_t
+
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_C89) && defined(__STDC_VERSION__) && \
+    __STDC_VERSION__ >= 199901L
+#include <stdint.h>
+#if defined(INTPTR_MAX)  /* even in C99 this type is optional */
+#undef LUA_KCONTEXT
+#define LUA_KCONTEXT	intptr_t
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ lua_getlocaledecpoint gets the locale "radix character" (decimal point).
+** Change that if you do not want to use C locales. (Code using this
+** macro must include the header 'locale.h'.)
+*/
+#if !defined(lua_getlocaledecpoint)
+#define lua_getlocaledecpoint()		(localeconv()->decimal_point[0])
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** macros to improve jump prediction, used mostly for error handling
+** and debug facilities. (Some macros in the Lua API use these macros.
+** Define LUA_NOBUILTIN if you do not want '__builtin_expect' in your
+** code.)
+*/
+#if !defined(luai_likely)
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(LUA_NOBUILTIN)
+#define luai_likely(x)		(__builtin_expect(((x) != 0), 1))
+#define luai_unlikely(x)	(__builtin_expect(((x) != 0), 0))
+#else
+#define luai_likely(x)		(x)
+#define luai_unlikely(x)	(x)
+#endif
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(LUA_CORE) || defined(LUA_LIB)
+/* shorter names for Lua's own use */
+#define l_likely(x)	luai_likely(x)
+#define l_unlikely(x)	luai_unlikely(x)
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Language Variations
+** =====================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_NOCVTN2S/LUA_NOCVTS2N control how Lua performs some
+** coercions. Define LUA_NOCVTN2S to turn off automatic coercion from
+** numbers to strings. Define LUA_NOCVTS2N to turn off automatic
+** coercion from strings to numbers.
+*/
+/* #define LUA_NOCVTN2S */
+/* #define LUA_NOCVTS2N */
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_USE_APICHECK turns on several consistency checks on the C API.
+** Define it as a help when debugging C code.
+*/
+#if defined(LUA_USE_APICHECK)
+#include <assert.h>
+#define luai_apicheck(l,e)	assert(e)
+#endif
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Macros that affect the API and must be stable (that is, must be the
+** same when you compile Lua and when you compile code that links to
+** Lua).
+** =====================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXSTACK limits the size of the Lua stack.
+** CHANGE it if you need a different limit. This limit is arbitrary;
+** its only purpose is to stop Lua from consuming unlimited stack
+** space (and to reserve some numbers for pseudo-indices).
+** (It must fit into max(size_t)/32.)
+*/
+#if LUAI_IS32INT
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK		1000000
+#else
+#define LUAI_MAXSTACK		15000
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_EXTRASPACE defines the size of a raw memory area associated with
+** a Lua state with very fast access.
+** CHANGE it if you need a different size.
+*/
+#define LUA_EXTRASPACE		(sizeof(void *))
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUA_IDSIZE gives the maximum size for the description of the source
+@@ of a function in debug information.
+** CHANGE it if you want a different size.
+*/
+#define LUA_IDSIZE	60
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAL_BUFFERSIZE is the buffer size used by the lauxlib buffer system.
+*/
+#define LUAL_BUFFERSIZE   ((int)(16 * sizeof(void*) * sizeof(lua_Number)))
+
+
+/*
+@@ LUAI_MAXALIGN defines fields that, when used in a union, ensure
+** maximum alignment for the other items in that union.
+*/
+#define LUAI_MAXALIGN  lua_Number n; double u; void *s; lua_Integer i; long l
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+
+
+
+/* =================================================================== */
+
+/*
+** Local configuration. You can use this space to add your redefinitions
+** without modifying the main part of the file.
+*/
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lualib.h b/external/lua/src/lualib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2625529
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lualib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lualib.h $
+** Lua standard libraries
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lualib_h
+#define lualib_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+
+/* version suffix for environment variable names */
+#define LUA_VERSUFFIX          "_" LUA_VERSION_MAJOR "_" LUA_VERSION_MINOR
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_base) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_COLIBNAME	"coroutine"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_coroutine) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_TABLIBNAME	"table"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_table) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_IOLIBNAME	"io"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_io) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_OSLIBNAME	"os"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_os) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_STRLIBNAME	"string"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_string) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_UTF8LIBNAME	"utf8"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_utf8) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_MATHLIBNAME	"math"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_math) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_DBLIBNAME	"debug"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_debug) (lua_State *L);
+
+#define LUA_LOADLIBNAME	"package"
+LUAMOD_API int (luaopen_package) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+/* open all previous libraries */
+LUALIB_API void (luaL_openlibs) (lua_State *L);
+
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lundump.c b/external/lua/src/lundump.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5aa55c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lundump.c
@@ -0,0 +1,333 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.c $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lundump_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "lundump.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(luai_verifycode)
+#define luai_verifycode(L,f)  /* empty */
+#endif
+
+
+typedef struct {
+  lua_State *L;
+  ZIO *Z;
+  const char *name;
+} LoadState;
+
+
+static l_noret error (LoadState *S, const char *why) {
+  luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s: bad binary format (%s)", S->name, why);
+  luaD_throw(S->L, LUA_ERRSYNTAX);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** All high-level loads go through loadVector; you can change it to
+** adapt to the endianness of the input
+*/
+#define loadVector(S,b,n)	loadBlock(S,b,(n)*sizeof((b)[0]))
+
+static void loadBlock (LoadState *S, void *b, size_t size) {
+  if (luaZ_read(S->Z, b, size) != 0)
+    error(S, "truncated chunk");
+}
+
+
+#define loadVar(S,x)		loadVector(S,&x,1)
+
+
+static lu_byte loadByte (LoadState *S) {
+  int b = zgetc(S->Z);
+  if (b == EOZ)
+    error(S, "truncated chunk");
+  return cast_byte(b);
+}
+
+
+static size_t loadUnsigned (LoadState *S, size_t limit) {
+  size_t x = 0;
+  int b;
+  limit >>= 7;
+  do {
+    b = loadByte(S);
+    if (x >= limit)
+      error(S, "integer overflow");
+    x = (x << 7) | (b & 0x7f);
+  } while ((b & 0x80) == 0);
+  return x;
+}
+
+
+static size_t loadSize (LoadState *S) {
+  return loadUnsigned(S, ~(size_t)0);
+}
+
+
+static int loadInt (LoadState *S) {
+  return cast_int(loadUnsigned(S, INT_MAX));
+}
+
+
+static lua_Number loadNumber (LoadState *S) {
+  lua_Number x;
+  loadVar(S, x);
+  return x;
+}
+
+
+static lua_Integer loadInteger (LoadState *S) {
+  lua_Integer x;
+  loadVar(S, x);
+  return x;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load a nullable string into prototype 'p'.
+*/
+static TString *loadStringN (LoadState *S, Proto *p) {
+  lua_State *L = S->L;
+  TString *ts;
+  size_t size = loadSize(S);
+  if (size == 0)  /* no string? */
+    return NULL;
+  else if (--size <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) {  /* short string? */
+    char buff[LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN];
+    loadVector(S, buff, size);  /* load string into buffer */
+    ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff, size);  /* create string */
+  }
+  else {  /* long string */
+    ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, size);  /* create string */
+    setsvalue2s(L, L->top, ts);  /* anchor it ('loadVector' can GC) */
+    luaD_inctop(L);
+    loadVector(S, getstr(ts), size);  /* load directly in final place */
+    L->top--;  /* pop string */
+  }
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, p, ts);
+  return ts;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load a non-nullable string into prototype 'p'.
+*/
+static TString *loadString (LoadState *S, Proto *p) {
+  TString *st = loadStringN(S, p);
+  if (st == NULL)
+    error(S, "bad format for constant string");
+  return st;
+}
+
+
+static void loadCode (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->code = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Instruction);
+  f->sizecode = n;
+  loadVector(S, f->code, n);
+}
+
+
+static void loadFunction(LoadState *S, Proto *f, TString *psource);
+
+
+static void loadConstants (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->k = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, TValue);
+  f->sizek = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    setnilvalue(&f->k[i]);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    TValue *o = &f->k[i];
+    int t = loadByte(S);
+    switch (t) {
+      case LUA_VNIL:
+        setnilvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VFALSE:
+        setbfvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VTRUE:
+        setbtvalue(o);
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMFLT:
+        setfltvalue(o, loadNumber(S));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VNUMINT:
+        setivalue(o, loadInteger(S));
+        break;
+      case LUA_VSHRSTR:
+      case LUA_VLNGSTR:
+        setsvalue2n(S->L, o, loadString(S, f));
+        break;
+      default: lua_assert(0);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void loadProtos (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i;
+  int n = loadInt(S);
+  f->p = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Proto *);
+  f->sizep = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->p[i] = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    f->p[i] = luaF_newproto(S->L);
+    luaC_objbarrier(S->L, f, f->p[i]);
+    loadFunction(S, f->p[i], f->source);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load the upvalues for a function. The names must be filled first,
+** because the filling of the other fields can raise read errors and
+** the creation of the error message can call an emergency collection;
+** in that case all prototypes must be consistent for the GC.
+*/
+static void loadUpvalues (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i, n;
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->upvalues = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, Upvaldesc);
+  f->sizeupvalues = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)  /* make array valid for GC */
+    f->upvalues[i].name = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {  /* following calls can raise errors */
+    f->upvalues[i].instack = loadByte(S);
+    f->upvalues[i].idx = loadByte(S);
+    f->upvalues[i].kind = loadByte(S);
+  }
+}
+
+
+static void loadDebug (LoadState *S, Proto *f) {
+  int i, n;
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->lineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, ls_byte);
+  f->sizelineinfo = n;
+  loadVector(S, f->lineinfo, n);
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->abslineinfo = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, AbsLineInfo);
+  f->sizeabslineinfo = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    f->abslineinfo[i].pc = loadInt(S);
+    f->abslineinfo[i].line = loadInt(S);
+  }
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  f->locvars = luaM_newvectorchecked(S->L, n, LocVar);
+  f->sizelocvars = n;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->locvars[i].varname = NULL;
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+    f->locvars[i].varname = loadStringN(S, f);
+    f->locvars[i].startpc = loadInt(S);
+    f->locvars[i].endpc = loadInt(S);
+  }
+  n = loadInt(S);
+  for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
+    f->upvalues[i].name = loadStringN(S, f);
+}
+
+
+static void loadFunction (LoadState *S, Proto *f, TString *psource) {
+  f->source = loadStringN(S, f);
+  if (f->source == NULL)  /* no source in dump? */
+    f->source = psource;  /* reuse parent's source */
+  f->linedefined = loadInt(S);
+  f->lastlinedefined = loadInt(S);
+  f->numparams = loadByte(S);
+  f->is_vararg = loadByte(S);
+  f->maxstacksize = loadByte(S);
+  loadCode(S, f);
+  loadConstants(S, f);
+  loadUpvalues(S, f);
+  loadProtos(S, f);
+  loadDebug(S, f);
+}
+
+
+static void checkliteral (LoadState *S, const char *s, const char *msg) {
+  char buff[sizeof(LUA_SIGNATURE) + sizeof(LUAC_DATA)]; /* larger than both */
+  size_t len = strlen(s);
+  loadVector(S, buff, len);
+  if (memcmp(s, buff, len) != 0)
+    error(S, msg);
+}
+
+
+static void fchecksize (LoadState *S, size_t size, const char *tname) {
+  if (loadByte(S) != size)
+    error(S, luaO_pushfstring(S->L, "%s size mismatch", tname));
+}
+
+
+#define checksize(S,t)	fchecksize(S,sizeof(t),#t)
+
+static void checkHeader (LoadState *S) {
+  /* skip 1st char (already read and checked) */
+  checkliteral(S, &LUA_SIGNATURE[1], "not a binary chunk");
+  if (loadByte(S) != LUAC_VERSION)
+    error(S, "version mismatch");
+  if (loadByte(S) != LUAC_FORMAT)
+    error(S, "format mismatch");
+  checkliteral(S, LUAC_DATA, "corrupted chunk");
+  checksize(S, Instruction);
+  checksize(S, lua_Integer);
+  checksize(S, lua_Number);
+  if (loadInteger(S) != LUAC_INT)
+    error(S, "integer format mismatch");
+  if (loadNumber(S) != LUAC_NUM)
+    error(S, "float format mismatch");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Load precompiled chunk.
+*/
+LClosure *luaU_undump(lua_State *L, ZIO *Z, const char *name) {
+  LoadState S;
+  LClosure *cl;
+  if (*name == '@' || *name == '=')
+    S.name = name + 1;
+  else if (*name == LUA_SIGNATURE[0])
+    S.name = "binary string";
+  else
+    S.name = name;
+  S.L = L;
+  S.Z = Z;
+  checkHeader(&S);
+  cl = luaF_newLclosure(L, loadByte(&S));
+  setclLvalue2s(L, L->top, cl);
+  luaD_inctop(L);
+  cl->p = luaF_newproto(L);
+  luaC_objbarrier(L, cl, cl->p);
+  loadFunction(&S, cl->p, NULL);
+  lua_assert(cl->nupvalues == cl->p->sizeupvalues);
+  luai_verifycode(L, cl->p);
+  return cl;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lundump.h b/external/lua/src/lundump.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3748a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lundump.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lundump.h $
+** load precompiled Lua chunks
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lundump_h
+#define lundump_h
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+/* data to catch conversion errors */
+#define LUAC_DATA	"\x19\x93\r\n\x1a\n"
+
+#define LUAC_INT	0x5678
+#define LUAC_NUM	cast_num(370.5)
+
+/*
+** Encode major-minor version in one byte, one nibble for each
+*/
+#define MYINT(s)	(s[0]-'0')  /* assume one-digit numerals */
+#define LUAC_VERSION	(MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MAJOR)*16+MYINT(LUA_VERSION_MINOR))
+
+#define LUAC_FORMAT	0	/* this is the official format */
+
+/* load one chunk; from lundump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC LClosure* luaU_undump (lua_State* L, ZIO* Z, const char* name);
+
+/* dump one chunk; from ldump.c */
+LUAI_FUNC int luaU_dump (lua_State* L, const Proto* f, lua_Writer w,
+                         void* data, int strip);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lutf8lib.c b/external/lua/src/lutf8lib.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..901d985
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lutf8lib.c
@@ -0,0 +1,289 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lutf8lib.c $
+** Standard library for UTF-8 manipulation
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lutf8lib_c
+#define LUA_LIB
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lauxlib.h"
+#include "lualib.h"
+
+
+#define MAXUNICODE	0x10FFFFu
+
+#define MAXUTF		0x7FFFFFFFu
+
+/*
+** Integer type for decoded UTF-8 values; MAXUTF needs 31 bits.
+*/
+#if (UINT_MAX >> 30) >= 1
+typedef unsigned int utfint;
+#else
+typedef unsigned long utfint;
+#endif
+
+
+#define iscont(p)	((*(p) & 0xC0) == 0x80)
+
+
+/* from strlib */
+/* translate a relative string position: negative means back from end */
+static lua_Integer u_posrelat (lua_Integer pos, size_t len) {
+  if (pos >= 0) return pos;
+  else if (0u - (size_t)pos > len) return 0;
+  else return (lua_Integer)len + pos + 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Decode one UTF-8 sequence, returning NULL if byte sequence is
+** invalid.  The array 'limits' stores the minimum value for each
+** sequence length, to check for overlong representations. Its first
+** entry forces an error for non-ascii bytes with no continuation
+** bytes (count == 0).
+*/
+static const char *utf8_decode (const char *s, utfint *val, int strict) {
+  static const utfint limits[] =
+        {~(utfint)0, 0x80, 0x800, 0x10000u, 0x200000u, 0x4000000u};
+  unsigned int c = (unsigned char)s[0];
+  utfint res = 0;  /* final result */
+  if (c < 0x80)  /* ascii? */
+    res = c;
+  else {
+    int count = 0;  /* to count number of continuation bytes */
+    for (; c & 0x40; c <<= 1) {  /* while it needs continuation bytes... */
+      unsigned int cc = (unsigned char)s[++count];  /* read next byte */
+      if ((cc & 0xC0) != 0x80)  /* not a continuation byte? */
+        return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
+      res = (res << 6) | (cc & 0x3F);  /* add lower 6 bits from cont. byte */
+    }
+    res |= ((utfint)(c & 0x7F) << (count * 5));  /* add first byte */
+    if (count > 5 || res > MAXUTF || res < limits[count])
+      return NULL;  /* invalid byte sequence */
+    s += count;  /* skip continuation bytes read */
+  }
+  if (strict) {
+    /* check for invalid code points; too large or surrogates */
+    if (res > MAXUNICODE || (0xD800u <= res && res <= 0xDFFFu))
+      return NULL;
+  }
+  if (val) *val = res;
+  return s + 1;  /* +1 to include first byte */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** utf8len(s [, i [, j [, lax]]]) --> number of characters that
+** start in the range [i,j], or nil + current position if 's' is not
+** well formed in that interval
+*/
+static int utflen (lua_State *L) {
+  lua_Integer n = 0;  /* counter for the number of characters */
+  size_t len;  /* string length in bytes */
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), len);
+  lua_Integer posj = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, -1), len);
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 4);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= posi && --posi <= (lua_Integer)len, 2,
+                   "initial position out of bounds");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, --posj < (lua_Integer)len, 3,
+                   "final position out of bounds");
+  while (posi <= posj) {
+    const char *s1 = utf8_decode(s + posi, NULL, !lax);
+    if (s1 == NULL) {  /* conversion error? */
+      luaL_pushfail(L);  /* return fail ... */
+      lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);  /* ... and current position */
+      return 2;
+    }
+    posi = s1 - s;
+    n++;
+  }
+  lua_pushinteger(L, n);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** codepoint(s, [i, [j [, lax]]]) -> returns codepoints for all
+** characters that start in the range [i,j]
+*/
+static int codepoint (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 2, 1), len);
+  lua_Integer pose = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), len);
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 4);
+  int n;
+  const char *se;
+  luaL_argcheck(L, posi >= 1, 2, "out of bounds");
+  luaL_argcheck(L, pose <= (lua_Integer)len, 3, "out of bounds");
+  if (posi > pose) return 0;  /* empty interval; return no values */
+  if (pose - posi >= INT_MAX)  /* (lua_Integer -> int) overflow? */
+    return luaL_error(L, "string slice too long");
+  n = (int)(pose -  posi) + 1;  /* upper bound for number of returns */
+  luaL_checkstack(L, n, "string slice too long");
+  n = 0;  /* count the number of returns */
+  se = s + pose;  /* string end */
+  for (s += posi - 1; s < se;) {
+    utfint code;
+    s = utf8_decode(s, &code, !lax);
+    if (s == NULL)
+      return luaL_error(L, "invalid UTF-8 code");
+    lua_pushinteger(L, code);
+    n++;
+  }
+  return n;
+}
+
+
+static void pushutfchar (lua_State *L, int arg) {
+  lua_Unsigned code = (lua_Unsigned)luaL_checkinteger(L, arg);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, code <= MAXUTF, arg, "value out of range");
+  lua_pushfstring(L, "%U", (long)code);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** utfchar(n1, n2, ...)  -> char(n1)..char(n2)...
+*/
+static int utfchar (lua_State *L) {
+  int n = lua_gettop(L);  /* number of arguments */
+  if (n == 1)  /* optimize common case of single char */
+    pushutfchar(L, 1);
+  else {
+    int i;
+    luaL_Buffer b;
+    luaL_buffinit(L, &b);
+    for (i = 1; i <= n; i++) {
+      pushutfchar(L, i);
+      luaL_addvalue(&b);
+    }
+    luaL_pushresult(&b);
+  }
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** offset(s, n, [i])  -> index where n-th character counting from
+**   position 'i' starts; 0 means character at 'i'.
+*/
+static int byteoffset (lua_State *L) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer n  = luaL_checkinteger(L, 2);
+  lua_Integer posi = (n >= 0) ? 1 : len + 1;
+  posi = u_posrelat(luaL_optinteger(L, 3, posi), len);
+  luaL_argcheck(L, 1 <= posi && --posi <= (lua_Integer)len, 3,
+                   "position out of bounds");
+  if (n == 0) {
+    /* find beginning of current byte sequence */
+    while (posi > 0 && iscont(s + posi)) posi--;
+  }
+  else {
+    if (iscont(s + posi))
+      return luaL_error(L, "initial position is a continuation byte");
+    if (n < 0) {
+       while (n < 0 && posi > 0) {  /* move back */
+         do {  /* find beginning of previous character */
+           posi--;
+         } while (posi > 0 && iscont(s + posi));
+         n++;
+       }
+     }
+     else {
+       n--;  /* do not move for 1st character */
+       while (n > 0 && posi < (lua_Integer)len) {
+         do {  /* find beginning of next character */
+           posi++;
+         } while (iscont(s + posi));  /* (cannot pass final '\0') */
+         n--;
+       }
+     }
+  }
+  if (n == 0)  /* did it find given character? */
+    lua_pushinteger(L, posi + 1);
+  else  /* no such character */
+    luaL_pushfail(L);
+  return 1;
+}
+
+
+static int iter_aux (lua_State *L, int strict) {
+  size_t len;
+  const char *s = luaL_checklstring(L, 1, &len);
+  lua_Integer n = lua_tointeger(L, 2) - 1;
+  if (n < 0)  /* first iteration? */
+    n = 0;  /* start from here */
+  else if (n < (lua_Integer)len) {
+    n++;  /* skip current byte */
+    while (iscont(s + n)) n++;  /* and its continuations */
+  }
+  if (n >= (lua_Integer)len)
+    return 0;  /* no more codepoints */
+  else {
+    utfint code;
+    const char *next = utf8_decode(s + n, &code, strict);
+    if (next == NULL)
+      return luaL_error(L, "invalid UTF-8 code");
+    lua_pushinteger(L, n + 1);
+    lua_pushinteger(L, code);
+    return 2;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static int iter_auxstrict (lua_State *L) {
+  return iter_aux(L, 1);
+}
+
+static int iter_auxlax (lua_State *L) {
+  return iter_aux(L, 0);
+}
+
+
+static int iter_codes (lua_State *L) {
+  int lax = lua_toboolean(L, 2);
+  luaL_checkstring(L, 1);
+  lua_pushcfunction(L, lax ? iter_auxlax : iter_auxstrict);
+  lua_pushvalue(L, 1);
+  lua_pushinteger(L, 0);
+  return 3;
+}
+
+
+/* pattern to match a single UTF-8 character */
+#define UTF8PATT	"[\0-\x7F\xC2-\xFD][\x80-\xBF]*"
+
+
+static const luaL_Reg funcs[] = {
+  {"offset", byteoffset},
+  {"codepoint", codepoint},
+  {"char", utfchar},
+  {"len", utflen},
+  {"codes", iter_codes},
+  /* placeholders */
+  {"charpattern", NULL},
+  {NULL, NULL}
+};
+
+
+LUAMOD_API int luaopen_utf8 (lua_State *L) {
+  luaL_newlib(L, funcs);
+  lua_pushlstring(L, UTF8PATT, sizeof(UTF8PATT)/sizeof(char) - 1);
+  lua_setfield(L, -2, "charpattern");
+  return 1;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lvm.c b/external/lua/src/lvm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9729bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lvm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1836 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.c $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lvm_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+#include <float.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <math.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "ldebug.h"
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lfunc.h"
+#include "lgc.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "lopcodes.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lstring.h"
+#include "ltable.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+#include "lvm.h"
+
+
+/*
+** By default, use jump tables in the main interpreter loop on gcc
+** and compatible compilers.
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE)
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE	1
+#else
+#define LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE	0
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+
+/* limit for table tag-method chains (to avoid infinite loops) */
+#define MAXTAGLOOP	2000
+
+
+/*
+** 'l_intfitsf' checks whether a given integer is in the range that
+** can be converted to a float without rounding. Used in comparisons.
+*/
+
+/* number of bits in the mantissa of a float */
+#define NBM		(l_floatatt(MANT_DIG))
+
+/*
+** Check whether some integers may not fit in a float, testing whether
+** (maxinteger >> NBM) > 0. (That implies (1 << NBM) <= maxinteger.)
+** (The shifts are done in parts, to avoid shifting by more than the size
+** of an integer. In a worst case, NBM == 113 for long double and
+** sizeof(long) == 32.)
+*/
+#if ((((LUA_MAXINTEGER >> (NBM / 4)) >> (NBM / 4)) >> (NBM / 4)) \
+	>> (NBM - (3 * (NBM / 4))))  >  0
+
+/* limit for integers that fit in a float */
+#define MAXINTFITSF	((lua_Unsigned)1 << NBM)
+
+/* check whether 'i' is in the interval [-MAXINTFITSF, MAXINTFITSF] */
+#define l_intfitsf(i)	((MAXINTFITSF + l_castS2U(i)) <= (2 * MAXINTFITSF))
+
+#else  /* all integers fit in a float precisely */
+
+#define l_intfitsf(i)	1
+
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Try to convert a value from string to a number value.
+** If the value is not a string or is a string not representing
+** a valid numeral (or if coercions from strings to numbers
+** are disabled via macro 'cvt2num'), do not modify 'result'
+** and return 0.
+*/
+static int l_strton (const TValue *obj, TValue *result) {
+  lua_assert(obj != result);
+  if (!cvt2num(obj))  /* is object not a string? */
+    return 0;
+  else
+    return (luaO_str2num(svalue(obj), result) == vslen(obj) + 1);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to convert a value to a float. The float case is already handled
+** by the macro 'tonumber'.
+*/
+int luaV_tonumber_ (const TValue *obj, lua_Number *n) {
+  TValue v;
+  if (ttisinteger(obj)) {
+    *n = cast_num(ivalue(obj));
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else if (l_strton(obj, &v)) {  /* string coercible to number? */
+    *n = nvalue(&v);  /* convert result of 'luaO_str2num' to a float */
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;  /* conversion failed */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to convert a float to an integer, rounding according to 'mode'.
+*/
+int luaV_flttointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode) {
+  lua_Number f = l_floor(n);
+  if (n != f) {  /* not an integral value? */
+    if (mode == F2Ieq) return 0;  /* fails if mode demands integral value */
+    else if (mode == F2Iceil)  /* needs ceil? */
+      f += 1;  /* convert floor to ceil (remember: n != f) */
+  }
+  return lua_numbertointeger(f, p);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to convert a value to an integer, rounding according to 'mode',
+** without string coercion.
+** ("Fast track" handled by macro 'tointegerns'.)
+*/
+int luaV_tointegerns (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode) {
+  if (ttisfloat(obj))
+    return luaV_flttointeger(fltvalue(obj), p, mode);
+  else if (ttisinteger(obj)) {
+    *p = ivalue(obj);
+    return 1;
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** try to convert a value to an integer.
+*/
+int luaV_tointeger (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode) {
+  TValue v;
+  if (l_strton(obj, &v))  /* does 'obj' point to a numerical string? */
+    obj = &v;  /* change it to point to its corresponding number */
+  return luaV_tointegerns(obj, p, mode);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Try to convert a 'for' limit to an integer, preserving the semantics
+** of the loop. Return true if the loop must not run; otherwise, '*p'
+** gets the integer limit.
+** (The following explanation assumes a positive step; it is valid for
+** negative steps mutatis mutandis.)
+** If the limit is an integer or can be converted to an integer,
+** rounding down, that is the limit.
+** Otherwise, check whether the limit can be converted to a float. If
+** the float is too large, clip it to LUA_MAXINTEGER.  If the float
+** is too negative, the loop should not run, because any initial
+** integer value is greater than such limit; so, the function returns
+** true to signal that. (For this latter case, no integer limit would be
+** correct; even a limit of LUA_MININTEGER would run the loop once for
+** an initial value equal to LUA_MININTEGER.)
+*/
+static int forlimit (lua_State *L, lua_Integer init, const TValue *lim,
+                                   lua_Integer *p, lua_Integer step) {
+  if (!luaV_tointeger(lim, p, (step < 0 ? F2Iceil : F2Ifloor))) {
+    /* not coercible to in integer */
+    lua_Number flim;  /* try to convert to float */
+    if (!tonumber(lim, &flim)) /* cannot convert to float? */
+      luaG_forerror(L, lim, "limit");
+    /* else 'flim' is a float out of integer bounds */
+    if (luai_numlt(0, flim)) {  /* if it is positive, it is too large */
+      if (step < 0) return 1;  /* initial value must be less than it */
+      *p = LUA_MAXINTEGER;  /* truncate */
+    }
+    else {  /* it is less than min integer */
+      if (step > 0) return 1;  /* initial value must be greater than it */
+      *p = LUA_MININTEGER;  /* truncate */
+    }
+  }
+  return (step > 0 ? init > *p : init < *p);  /* not to run? */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Prepare a numerical for loop (opcode OP_FORPREP).
+** Return true to skip the loop. Otherwise,
+** after preparation, stack will be as follows:
+**   ra : internal index (safe copy of the control variable)
+**   ra + 1 : loop counter (integer loops) or limit (float loops)
+**   ra + 2 : step
+**   ra + 3 : control variable
+*/
+static int forprep (lua_State *L, StkId ra) {
+  TValue *pinit = s2v(ra);
+  TValue *plimit = s2v(ra + 1);
+  TValue *pstep = s2v(ra + 2);
+  if (ttisinteger(pinit) && ttisinteger(pstep)) { /* integer loop? */
+    lua_Integer init = ivalue(pinit);
+    lua_Integer step = ivalue(pstep);
+    lua_Integer limit;
+    if (step == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "'for' step is zero");
+    setivalue(s2v(ra + 3), init);  /* control variable */
+    if (forlimit(L, init, plimit, &limit, step))
+      return 1;  /* skip the loop */
+    else {  /* prepare loop counter */
+      lua_Unsigned count;
+      if (step > 0) {  /* ascending loop? */
+        count = l_castS2U(limit) - l_castS2U(init);
+        if (step != 1)  /* avoid division in the too common case */
+          count /= l_castS2U(step);
+      }
+      else {  /* step < 0; descending loop */
+        count = l_castS2U(init) - l_castS2U(limit);
+        /* 'step+1' avoids negating 'mininteger' */
+        count /= l_castS2U(-(step + 1)) + 1u;
+      }
+      /* store the counter in place of the limit (which won't be
+         needed anymore) */
+      setivalue(plimit, l_castU2S(count));
+    }
+  }
+  else {  /* try making all values floats */
+    lua_Number init; lua_Number limit; lua_Number step;
+    if (l_unlikely(!tonumber(plimit, &limit)))
+      luaG_forerror(L, plimit, "limit");
+    if (l_unlikely(!tonumber(pstep, &step)))
+      luaG_forerror(L, pstep, "step");
+    if (l_unlikely(!tonumber(pinit, &init)))
+      luaG_forerror(L, pinit, "initial value");
+    if (step == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "'for' step is zero");
+    if (luai_numlt(0, step) ? luai_numlt(limit, init)
+                            : luai_numlt(init, limit))
+      return 1;  /* skip the loop */
+    else {
+      /* make sure internal values are all floats */
+      setfltvalue(plimit, limit);
+      setfltvalue(pstep, step);
+      setfltvalue(s2v(ra), init);  /* internal index */
+      setfltvalue(s2v(ra + 3), init);  /* control variable */
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a step of a float numerical for loop, returning
+** true iff the loop must continue. (The integer case is
+** written online with opcode OP_FORLOOP, for performance.)
+*/
+static int floatforloop (StkId ra) {
+  lua_Number step = fltvalue(s2v(ra + 2));
+  lua_Number limit = fltvalue(s2v(ra + 1));
+  lua_Number idx = fltvalue(s2v(ra));  /* internal index */
+  idx = luai_numadd(L, idx, step);  /* increment index */
+  if (luai_numlt(0, step) ? luai_numle(idx, limit)
+                          : luai_numle(limit, idx)) {
+    chgfltvalue(s2v(ra), idx);  /* update internal index */
+    setfltvalue(s2v(ra + 3), idx);  /* and control variable */
+    return 1;  /* jump back */
+  }
+  else
+    return 0;  /* finish the loop */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish the table access 'val = t[key]'.
+** if 'slot' is NULL, 't' is not a table; otherwise, 'slot' points to
+** t[k] entry (which must be empty).
+*/
+void luaV_finishget (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key, StkId val,
+                      const TValue *slot) {
+  int loop;  /* counter to avoid infinite loops */
+  const TValue *tm;  /* metamethod */
+  for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+    if (slot == NULL) {  /* 't' is not a table? */
+      lua_assert(!ttistable(t));
+      tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_INDEX);
+      if (l_unlikely(notm(tm)))
+        luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");  /* no metamethod */
+      /* else will try the metamethod */
+    }
+    else {  /* 't' is a table */
+      lua_assert(isempty(slot));
+      tm = fasttm(L, hvalue(t)->metatable, TM_INDEX);  /* table's metamethod */
+      if (tm == NULL) {  /* no metamethod? */
+        setnilvalue(s2v(val));  /* result is nil */
+        return;
+      }
+      /* else will try the metamethod */
+    }
+    if (ttisfunction(tm)) {  /* is metamethod a function? */
+      luaT_callTMres(L, tm, t, key, val);  /* call it */
+      return;
+    }
+    t = tm;  /* else try to access 'tm[key]' */
+    if (luaV_fastget(L, t, key, slot, luaH_get)) {  /* fast track? */
+      setobj2s(L, val, slot);  /* done */
+      return;
+    }
+    /* else repeat (tail call 'luaV_finishget') */
+  }
+  luaG_runerror(L, "'__index' chain too long; possible loop");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a table assignment 't[key] = val'.
+** If 'slot' is NULL, 't' is not a table.  Otherwise, 'slot' points
+** to the entry 't[key]', or to a value with an absent key if there
+** is no such entry.  (The value at 'slot' must be empty, otherwise
+** 'luaV_fastget' would have done the job.)
+*/
+void luaV_finishset (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                     TValue *val, const TValue *slot) {
+  int loop;  /* counter to avoid infinite loops */
+  for (loop = 0; loop < MAXTAGLOOP; loop++) {
+    const TValue *tm;  /* '__newindex' metamethod */
+    if (slot != NULL) {  /* is 't' a table? */
+      Table *h = hvalue(t);  /* save 't' table */
+      lua_assert(isempty(slot));  /* slot must be empty */
+      tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_NEWINDEX);  /* get metamethod */
+      if (tm == NULL) {  /* no metamethod? */
+        luaH_finishset(L, h, key, slot, val);  /* set new value */
+        invalidateTMcache(h);
+        luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+        return;
+      }
+      /* else will try the metamethod */
+    }
+    else {  /* not a table; check metamethod */
+      tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, t, TM_NEWINDEX);
+      if (l_unlikely(notm(tm)))
+        luaG_typeerror(L, t, "index");
+    }
+    /* try the metamethod */
+    if (ttisfunction(tm)) {
+      luaT_callTM(L, tm, t, key, val);
+      return;
+    }
+    t = tm;  /* else repeat assignment over 'tm' */
+    if (luaV_fastget(L, t, key, slot, luaH_get)) {
+      luaV_finishfastset(L, t, slot, val);
+      return;  /* done */
+    }
+    /* else 'return luaV_finishset(L, t, key, val, slot)' (loop) */
+  }
+  luaG_runerror(L, "'__newindex' chain too long; possible loop");
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Compare two strings 'ls' x 'rs', returning an integer less-equal-
+** -greater than zero if 'ls' is less-equal-greater than 'rs'.
+** The code is a little tricky because it allows '\0' in the strings
+** and it uses 'strcoll' (to respect locales) for each segments
+** of the strings.
+*/
+static int l_strcmp (const TString *ls, const TString *rs) {
+  const char *l = getstr(ls);
+  size_t ll = tsslen(ls);
+  const char *r = getstr(rs);
+  size_t lr = tsslen(rs);
+  for (;;) {  /* for each segment */
+    int temp = strcoll(l, r);
+    if (temp != 0)  /* not equal? */
+      return temp;  /* done */
+    else {  /* strings are equal up to a '\0' */
+      size_t len = strlen(l);  /* index of first '\0' in both strings */
+      if (len == lr)  /* 'rs' is finished? */
+        return (len == ll) ? 0 : 1;  /* check 'ls' */
+      else if (len == ll)  /* 'ls' is finished? */
+        return -1;  /* 'ls' is less than 'rs' ('rs' is not finished) */
+      /* both strings longer than 'len'; go on comparing after the '\0' */
+      len++;
+      l += len; ll -= len; r += len; lr -= len;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether integer 'i' is less than float 'f'. If 'i' has an
+** exact representation as a float ('l_intfitsf'), compare numbers as
+** floats. Otherwise, use the equivalence 'i < f <=> i < ceil(f)'.
+** If 'ceil(f)' is out of integer range, either 'f' is greater than
+** all integers or less than all integers.
+** (The test with 'l_intfitsf' is only for performance; the else
+** case is correct for all values, but it is slow due to the conversion
+** from float to int.)
+** When 'f' is NaN, comparisons must result in false.
+*/
+static int LTintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numlt(cast_num(i), f);  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* i < f <=> i < ceil(f) */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Iceil))  /* fi = ceil(f) */
+      return i < fi;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f > 0;  /* greater? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether integer 'i' is less than or equal to float 'f'.
+** See comments on previous function.
+*/
+static int LEintfloat (lua_Integer i, lua_Number f) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numle(cast_num(i), f);  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* i <= f <=> i <= floor(f) */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Ifloor))  /* fi = floor(f) */
+      return i <= fi;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f > 0;  /* greater? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether float 'f' is less than integer 'i'.
+** See comments on previous function.
+*/
+static int LTfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numlt(f, cast_num(i));  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* f < i <=> floor(f) < i */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Ifloor))  /* fi = floor(f) */
+      return fi < i;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f < 0;  /* less? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Check whether float 'f' is less than or equal to integer 'i'.
+** See comments on previous function.
+*/
+static int LEfloatint (lua_Number f, lua_Integer i) {
+  if (l_intfitsf(i))
+    return luai_numle(f, cast_num(i));  /* compare them as floats */
+  else {  /* f <= i <=> ceil(f) <= i */
+    lua_Integer fi;
+    if (luaV_flttointeger(f, &fi, F2Iceil))  /* fi = ceil(f) */
+      return fi <= i;   /* compare them as integers */
+    else  /* 'f' is either greater or less than all integers */
+      return f < 0;  /* less? */
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return 'l < r', for numbers.
+*/
+static int LTnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisinteger(l)) {
+    lua_Integer li = ivalue(l);
+    if (ttisinteger(r))
+      return li < ivalue(r);  /* both are integers */
+    else  /* 'l' is int and 'r' is float */
+      return LTintfloat(li, fltvalue(r));  /* l < r ? */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Number lf = fltvalue(l);  /* 'l' must be float */
+    if (ttisfloat(r))
+      return luai_numlt(lf, fltvalue(r));  /* both are float */
+    else  /* 'l' is float and 'r' is int */
+      return LTfloatint(lf, ivalue(r));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Return 'l <= r', for numbers.
+*/
+static int LEnum (const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisinteger(l)) {
+    lua_Integer li = ivalue(l);
+    if (ttisinteger(r))
+      return li <= ivalue(r);  /* both are integers */
+    else  /* 'l' is int and 'r' is float */
+      return LEintfloat(li, fltvalue(r));  /* l <= r ? */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Number lf = fltvalue(l);  /* 'l' must be float */
+    if (ttisfloat(r))
+      return luai_numle(lf, fltvalue(r));  /* both are float */
+    else  /* 'l' is float and 'r' is int */
+      return LEfloatint(lf, ivalue(r));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** return 'l < r' for non-numbers.
+*/
+static int lessthanothers (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(!ttisnumber(l) || !ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))  /* both are strings? */
+    return l_strcmp(tsvalue(l), tsvalue(r)) < 0;
+  else
+    return luaT_callorderTM(L, l, r, TM_LT);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation less than; return 'l < r'.
+*/
+int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))  /* both operands are numbers? */
+    return LTnum(l, r);
+  else return lessthanothers(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** return 'l <= r' for non-numbers.
+*/
+static int lessequalothers (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  lua_assert(!ttisnumber(l) || !ttisnumber(r));
+  if (ttisstring(l) && ttisstring(r))  /* both are strings? */
+    return l_strcmp(tsvalue(l), tsvalue(r)) <= 0;
+  else
+    return luaT_callorderTM(L, l, r, TM_LE);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation less than or equal to; return 'l <= r'.
+*/
+int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r) {
+  if (ttisnumber(l) && ttisnumber(r))  /* both operands are numbers? */
+    return LEnum(l, r);
+  else return lessequalothers(L, l, r);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation for equality of Lua values; return 't1 == t2'.
+** L == NULL means raw equality (no metamethods)
+*/
+int luaV_equalobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2) {
+  const TValue *tm;
+  if (ttypetag(t1) != ttypetag(t2)) {  /* not the same variant? */
+    if (ttype(t1) != ttype(t2) || ttype(t1) != LUA_TNUMBER)
+      return 0;  /* only numbers can be equal with different variants */
+    else {  /* two numbers with different variants */
+      /* One of them is an integer. If the other does not have an
+         integer value, they cannot be equal; otherwise, compare their
+         integer values. */
+      lua_Integer i1, i2;
+      return (luaV_tointegerns(t1, &i1, F2Ieq) &&
+              luaV_tointegerns(t2, &i2, F2Ieq) &&
+              i1 == i2);
+    }
+  }
+  /* values have same type and same variant */
+  switch (ttypetag(t1)) {
+    case LUA_VNIL: case LUA_VFALSE: case LUA_VTRUE: return 1;
+    case LUA_VNUMINT: return (ivalue(t1) == ivalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VNUMFLT: return luai_numeq(fltvalue(t1), fltvalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VLIGHTUSERDATA: return pvalue(t1) == pvalue(t2);
+    case LUA_VLCF: return fvalue(t1) == fvalue(t2);
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: return eqshrstr(tsvalue(t1), tsvalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: return luaS_eqlngstr(tsvalue(t1), tsvalue(t2));
+    case LUA_VUSERDATA: {
+      if (uvalue(t1) == uvalue(t2)) return 1;
+      else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+      tm = fasttm(L, uvalue(t1)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      if (tm == NULL)
+        tm = fasttm(L, uvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      break;  /* will try TM */
+    }
+    case LUA_VTABLE: {
+      if (hvalue(t1) == hvalue(t2)) return 1;
+      else if (L == NULL) return 0;
+      tm = fasttm(L, hvalue(t1)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      if (tm == NULL)
+        tm = fasttm(L, hvalue(t2)->metatable, TM_EQ);
+      break;  /* will try TM */
+    }
+    default:
+      return gcvalue(t1) == gcvalue(t2);
+  }
+  if (tm == NULL)  /* no TM? */
+    return 0;  /* objects are different */
+  else {
+    luaT_callTMres(L, tm, t1, t2, L->top);  /* call TM */
+    return !l_isfalse(s2v(L->top));
+  }
+}
+
+
+/* macro used by 'luaV_concat' to ensure that element at 'o' is a string */
+#define tostring(L,o)  \
+	(ttisstring(o) || (cvt2str(o) && (luaO_tostring(L, o), 1)))
+
+#define isemptystr(o)	(ttisshrstring(o) && tsvalue(o)->shrlen == 0)
+
+/* copy strings in stack from top - n up to top - 1 to buffer */
+static void copy2buff (StkId top, int n, char *buff) {
+  size_t tl = 0;  /* size already copied */
+  do {
+    size_t l = vslen(s2v(top - n));  /* length of string being copied */
+    memcpy(buff + tl, svalue(s2v(top - n)), l * sizeof(char));
+    tl += l;
+  } while (--n > 0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation for concatenation: concat 'total' values in the stack,
+** from 'L->top - total' up to 'L->top - 1'.
+*/
+void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total) {
+  if (total == 1)
+    return;  /* "all" values already concatenated */
+  do {
+    StkId top = L->top;
+    int n = 2;  /* number of elements handled in this pass (at least 2) */
+    if (!(ttisstring(s2v(top - 2)) || cvt2str(s2v(top - 2))) ||
+        !tostring(L, s2v(top - 1)))
+      luaT_tryconcatTM(L);
+    else if (isemptystr(s2v(top - 1)))  /* second operand is empty? */
+      cast_void(tostring(L, s2v(top - 2)));  /* result is first operand */
+    else if (isemptystr(s2v(top - 2))) {  /* first operand is empty string? */
+      setobjs2s(L, top - 2, top - 1);  /* result is second op. */
+    }
+    else {
+      /* at least two non-empty string values; get as many as possible */
+      size_t tl = vslen(s2v(top - 1));
+      TString *ts;
+      /* collect total length and number of strings */
+      for (n = 1; n < total && tostring(L, s2v(top - n - 1)); n++) {
+        size_t l = vslen(s2v(top - n - 1));
+        if (l_unlikely(l >= (MAX_SIZE/sizeof(char)) - tl))
+          luaG_runerror(L, "string length overflow");
+        tl += l;
+      }
+      if (tl <= LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN) {  /* is result a short string? */
+        char buff[LUAI_MAXSHORTLEN];
+        copy2buff(top, n, buff);  /* copy strings to buffer */
+        ts = luaS_newlstr(L, buff, tl);
+      }
+      else {  /* long string; copy strings directly to final result */
+        ts = luaS_createlngstrobj(L, tl);
+        copy2buff(top, n, getstr(ts));
+      }
+      setsvalue2s(L, top - n, ts);  /* create result */
+    }
+    total -= n-1;  /* got 'n' strings to create 1 new */
+    L->top -= n-1;  /* popped 'n' strings and pushed one */
+  } while (total > 1);  /* repeat until only 1 result left */
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Main operation 'ra = #rb'.
+*/
+void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb) {
+  const TValue *tm;
+  switch (ttypetag(rb)) {
+    case LUA_VTABLE: {
+      Table *h = hvalue(rb);
+      tm = fasttm(L, h->metatable, TM_LEN);
+      if (tm) break;  /* metamethod? break switch to call it */
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), luaH_getn(h));  /* else primitive len */
+      return;
+    }
+    case LUA_VSHRSTR: {
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), tsvalue(rb)->shrlen);
+      return;
+    }
+    case LUA_VLNGSTR: {
+      setivalue(s2v(ra), tsvalue(rb)->u.lnglen);
+      return;
+    }
+    default: {  /* try metamethod */
+      tm = luaT_gettmbyobj(L, rb, TM_LEN);
+      if (l_unlikely(notm(tm)))  /* no metamethod? */
+        luaG_typeerror(L, rb, "get length of");
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  luaT_callTMres(L, tm, rb, rb, ra);
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Integer division; return 'm // n', that is, floor(m/n).
+** C division truncates its result (rounds towards zero).
+** 'floor(q) == trunc(q)' when 'q >= 0' or when 'q' is integer,
+** otherwise 'floor(q) == trunc(q) - 1'.
+*/
+lua_Integer luaV_idiv (lua_State *L, lua_Integer m, lua_Integer n) {
+  if (l_unlikely(l_castS2U(n) + 1u <= 1u)) {  /* special cases: -1 or 0 */
+    if (n == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to divide by zero");
+    return intop(-, 0, m);   /* n==-1; avoid overflow with 0x80000...//-1 */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer q = m / n;  /* perform C division */
+    if ((m ^ n) < 0 && m % n != 0)  /* 'm/n' would be negative non-integer? */
+      q -= 1;  /* correct result for different rounding */
+    return q;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Integer modulus; return 'm % n'. (Assume that C '%' with
+** negative operands follows C99 behavior. See previous comment
+** about luaV_idiv.)
+*/
+lua_Integer luaV_mod (lua_State *L, lua_Integer m, lua_Integer n) {
+  if (l_unlikely(l_castS2U(n) + 1u <= 1u)) {  /* special cases: -1 or 0 */
+    if (n == 0)
+      luaG_runerror(L, "attempt to perform 'n%%0'");
+    return 0;   /* m % -1 == 0; avoid overflow with 0x80000...%-1 */
+  }
+  else {
+    lua_Integer r = m % n;
+    if (r != 0 && (r ^ n) < 0)  /* 'm/n' would be non-integer negative? */
+      r += n;  /* correct result for different rounding */
+    return r;
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** Float modulus
+*/
+lua_Number luaV_modf (lua_State *L, lua_Number m, lua_Number n) {
+  lua_Number r;
+  luai_nummod(L, m, n, r);
+  return r;
+}
+
+
+/* number of bits in an integer */
+#define NBITS	cast_int(sizeof(lua_Integer) * CHAR_BIT)
+
+/*
+** Shift left operation. (Shift right just negates 'y'.)
+*/
+#define luaV_shiftr(x,y)	luaV_shiftl(x,-(y))
+
+lua_Integer luaV_shiftl (lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y) {
+  if (y < 0) {  /* shift right? */
+    if (y <= -NBITS) return 0;
+    else return intop(>>, x, -y);
+  }
+  else {  /* shift left */
+    if (y >= NBITS) return 0;
+    else return intop(<<, x, y);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** create a new Lua closure, push it in the stack, and initialize
+** its upvalues.
+*/
+static void pushclosure (lua_State *L, Proto *p, UpVal **encup, StkId base,
+                         StkId ra) {
+  int nup = p->sizeupvalues;
+  Upvaldesc *uv = p->upvalues;
+  int i;
+  LClosure *ncl = luaF_newLclosure(L, nup);
+  ncl->p = p;
+  setclLvalue2s(L, ra, ncl);  /* anchor new closure in stack */
+  for (i = 0; i < nup; i++) {  /* fill in its upvalues */
+    if (uv[i].instack)  /* upvalue refers to local variable? */
+      ncl->upvals[i] = luaF_findupval(L, base + uv[i].idx);
+    else  /* get upvalue from enclosing function */
+      ncl->upvals[i] = encup[uv[i].idx];
+    luaC_objbarrier(L, ncl, ncl->upvals[i]);
+  }
+}
+
+
+/*
+** finish execution of an opcode interrupted by a yield
+*/
+void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L) {
+  CallInfo *ci = L->ci;
+  StkId base = ci->func + 1;
+  Instruction inst = *(ci->u.l.savedpc - 1);  /* interrupted instruction */
+  OpCode op = GET_OPCODE(inst);
+  switch (op) {  /* finish its execution */
+    case OP_MMBIN: case OP_MMBINI: case OP_MMBINK: {
+      setobjs2s(L, base + GETARG_A(*(ci->u.l.savedpc - 2)), --L->top);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_UNM: case OP_BNOT: case OP_LEN:
+    case OP_GETTABUP: case OP_GETTABLE: case OP_GETI:
+    case OP_GETFIELD: case OP_SELF: {
+      setobjs2s(L, base + GETARG_A(inst), --L->top);
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_LT: case OP_LE:
+    case OP_LTI: case OP_LEI:
+    case OP_GTI: case OP_GEI:
+    case OP_EQ: {  /* note that 'OP_EQI'/'OP_EQK' cannot yield */
+      int res = !l_isfalse(s2v(L->top - 1));
+      L->top--;
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_LT_LE)
+      if (ci->callstatus & CIST_LEQ) {  /* "<=" using "<" instead? */
+        ci->callstatus ^= CIST_LEQ;  /* clear mark */
+        res = !res;  /* negate result */
+      }
+#endif
+      lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(*ci->u.l.savedpc) == OP_JMP);
+      if (res != GETARG_k(inst))  /* condition failed? */
+        ci->u.l.savedpc++;  /* skip jump instruction */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_CONCAT: {
+      StkId top = L->top - 1;  /* top when 'luaT_tryconcatTM' was called */
+      int a = GETARG_A(inst);      /* first element to concatenate */
+      int total = cast_int(top - 1 - (base + a));  /* yet to concatenate */
+      setobjs2s(L, top - 2, top);  /* put TM result in proper position */
+      L->top = top - 1;  /* top is one after last element (at top-2) */
+      luaV_concat(L, total);  /* concat them (may yield again) */
+      break;
+    }
+    case OP_CLOSE:  case OP_RETURN: {  /* yielded closing variables */
+      ci->u.l.savedpc--;  /* repeat instruction to close other vars. */
+      break;
+    }
+    default: {
+      /* only these other opcodes can yield */
+      lua_assert(op == OP_TFORCALL || op == OP_CALL ||
+           op == OP_TAILCALL || op == OP_SETTABUP || op == OP_SETTABLE ||
+           op == OP_SETI || op == OP_SETFIELD);
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Macros for arithmetic/bitwise/comparison opcodes in 'luaV_execute'
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+#define l_addi(L,a,b)	intop(+, a, b)
+#define l_subi(L,a,b)	intop(-, a, b)
+#define l_muli(L,a,b)	intop(*, a, b)
+#define l_band(a,b)	intop(&, a, b)
+#define l_bor(a,b)	intop(|, a, b)
+#define l_bxor(a,b)	intop(^, a, b)
+
+#define l_lti(a,b)	(a < b)
+#define l_lei(a,b)	(a <= b)
+#define l_gti(a,b)	(a > b)
+#define l_gei(a,b)	(a >= b)
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with immediate operands. 'iop' is the integer
+** operation, 'fop' is the float operation.
+*/
+#define op_arithI(L,iop,fop) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  int imm = GETARG_sC(i);  \
+  if (ttisinteger(v1)) {  \
+    lua_Integer iv1 = ivalue(v1);  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), iop(L, iv1, imm));  \
+  }  \
+  else if (ttisfloat(v1)) {  \
+    lua_Number nb = fltvalue(v1);  \
+    lua_Number fimm = cast_num(imm);  \
+    pc++; setfltvalue(s2v(ra), fop(L, nb, fimm)); \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Auxiliary function for arithmetic operations over floats and others
+** with two register operands.
+*/
+#define op_arithf_aux(L,v1,v2,fop) {  \
+  lua_Number n1; lua_Number n2;  \
+  if (tonumberns(v1, n1) && tonumberns(v2, n2)) {  \
+    pc++; setfltvalue(s2v(ra), fop(L, n1, n2));  \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations over floats and others with register operands.
+*/
+#define op_arithf(L,fop) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = vRC(i);  \
+  op_arithf_aux(L, v1, v2, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with K operands for floats.
+*/
+#define op_arithfK(L,fop) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = KC(i); lua_assert(ttisnumber(v2));  \
+  op_arithf_aux(L, v1, v2, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations over integers and floats.
+*/
+#define op_arith_aux(L,v1,v2,iop,fop) {  \
+  if (ttisinteger(v1) && ttisinteger(v2)) {  \
+    lua_Integer i1 = ivalue(v1); lua_Integer i2 = ivalue(v2);  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), iop(L, i1, i2));  \
+  }  \
+  else op_arithf_aux(L, v1, v2, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with register operands.
+*/
+#define op_arith(L,iop,fop) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = vRC(i);  \
+  op_arith_aux(L, v1, v2, iop, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Arithmetic operations with K operands.
+*/
+#define op_arithK(L,iop,fop) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = KC(i); lua_assert(ttisnumber(v2));  \
+  op_arith_aux(L, v1, v2, iop, fop); }
+
+
+/*
+** Bitwise operations with constant operand.
+*/
+#define op_bitwiseK(L,op) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = KC(i);  \
+  lua_Integer i1;  \
+  lua_Integer i2 = ivalue(v2);  \
+  if (tointegerns(v1, &i1)) {  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), op(i1, i2));  \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Bitwise operations with register operands.
+*/
+#define op_bitwise(L,op) {  \
+  TValue *v1 = vRB(i);  \
+  TValue *v2 = vRC(i);  \
+  lua_Integer i1; lua_Integer i2;  \
+  if (tointegerns(v1, &i1) && tointegerns(v2, &i2)) {  \
+    pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), op(i1, i2));  \
+  }}
+
+
+/*
+** Order operations with register operands. 'opn' actually works
+** for all numbers, but the fast track improves performance for
+** integers.
+*/
+#define op_order(L,opi,opn,other) {  \
+        int cond;  \
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);  \
+        if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra)) && ttisinteger(rb)) {  \
+          lua_Integer ia = ivalue(s2v(ra));  \
+          lua_Integer ib = ivalue(rb);  \
+          cond = opi(ia, ib);  \
+        }  \
+        else if (ttisnumber(s2v(ra)) && ttisnumber(rb))  \
+          cond = opn(s2v(ra), rb);  \
+        else  \
+          Protect(cond = other(L, s2v(ra), rb));  \
+        docondjump(); }
+
+
+/*
+** Order operations with immediate operand. (Immediate operand is
+** always small enough to have an exact representation as a float.)
+*/
+#define op_orderI(L,opi,opf,inv,tm) {  \
+        int cond;  \
+        int im = GETARG_sB(i);  \
+        if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra)))  \
+          cond = opi(ivalue(s2v(ra)), im);  \
+        else if (ttisfloat(s2v(ra))) {  \
+          lua_Number fa = fltvalue(s2v(ra));  \
+          lua_Number fim = cast_num(im);  \
+          cond = opf(fa, fim);  \
+        }  \
+        else {  \
+          int isf = GETARG_C(i);  \
+          Protect(cond = luaT_callorderiTM(L, s2v(ra), im, inv, isf, tm));  \
+        }  \
+        docondjump(); }
+
+/* }================================================================== */
+
+
+/*
+** {==================================================================
+** Function 'luaV_execute': main interpreter loop
+** ===================================================================
+*/
+
+/*
+** some macros for common tasks in 'luaV_execute'
+*/
+
+
+#define RA(i)	(base+GETARG_A(i))
+#define RB(i)	(base+GETARG_B(i))
+#define vRB(i)	s2v(RB(i))
+#define KB(i)	(k+GETARG_B(i))
+#define RC(i)	(base+GETARG_C(i))
+#define vRC(i)	s2v(RC(i))
+#define KC(i)	(k+GETARG_C(i))
+#define RKC(i)	((TESTARG_k(i)) ? k + GETARG_C(i) : s2v(base + GETARG_C(i)))
+
+
+
+#define updatetrap(ci)  (trap = ci->u.l.trap)
+
+#define updatebase(ci)	(base = ci->func + 1)
+
+
+#define updatestack(ci)  \
+	{ if (l_unlikely(trap)) { updatebase(ci); ra = RA(i); } }
+
+
+/*
+** Execute a jump instruction. The 'updatetrap' allows signals to stop
+** tight loops. (Without it, the local copy of 'trap' could never change.)
+*/
+#define dojump(ci,i,e)	{ pc += GETARG_sJ(i) + e; updatetrap(ci); }
+
+
+/* for test instructions, execute the jump instruction that follows it */
+#define donextjump(ci)	{ Instruction ni = *pc; dojump(ci, ni, 1); }
+
+/*
+** do a conditional jump: skip next instruction if 'cond' is not what
+** was expected (parameter 'k'), else do next instruction, which must
+** be a jump.
+*/
+#define docondjump()	if (cond != GETARG_k(i)) pc++; else donextjump(ci);
+
+
+/*
+** Correct global 'pc'.
+*/
+#define savepc(L)	(ci->u.l.savedpc = pc)
+
+
+/*
+** Whenever code can raise errors, the global 'pc' and the global
+** 'top' must be correct to report occasional errors.
+*/
+#define savestate(L,ci)		(savepc(L), L->top = ci->top)
+
+
+/*
+** Protect code that, in general, can raise errors, reallocate the
+** stack, and change the hooks.
+*/
+#define Protect(exp)  (savestate(L,ci), (exp), updatetrap(ci))
+
+/* special version that does not change the top */
+#define ProtectNT(exp)  (savepc(L), (exp), updatetrap(ci))
+
+/*
+** Protect code that can only raise errors. (That is, it cannnot change
+** the stack or hooks.)
+*/
+#define halfProtect(exp)  (savestate(L,ci), (exp))
+
+/* 'c' is the limit of live values in the stack */
+#define checkGC(L,c)  \
+	{ luaC_condGC(L, (savepc(L), L->top = (c)), \
+                         updatetrap(ci)); \
+           luai_threadyield(L); }
+
+
+/* fetch an instruction and prepare its execution */
+#define vmfetch()	{ \
+  if (l_unlikely(trap)) {  /* stack reallocation or hooks? */ \
+    trap = luaG_traceexec(L, pc);  /* handle hooks */ \
+    updatebase(ci);  /* correct stack */ \
+  } \
+  i = *(pc++); \
+  ra = RA(i); /* WARNING: any stack reallocation invalidates 'ra' */ \
+}
+
+#define vmdispatch(o)	switch(o)
+#define vmcase(l)	case l:
+#define vmbreak		break
+
+
+void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci) {
+  LClosure *cl;
+  TValue *k;
+  StkId base;
+  const Instruction *pc;
+  int trap;
+#if LUA_USE_JUMPTABLE
+#include "ljumptab.h"
+#endif
+ startfunc:
+  trap = L->hookmask;
+ returning:  /* trap already set */
+  cl = clLvalue(s2v(ci->func));
+  k = cl->p->k;
+  pc = ci->u.l.savedpc;
+  if (l_unlikely(trap)) {
+    if (pc == cl->p->code) {  /* first instruction (not resuming)? */
+      if (cl->p->is_vararg)
+        trap = 0;  /* hooks will start after VARARGPREP instruction */
+      else  /* check 'call' hook */
+        luaD_hookcall(L, ci);
+    }
+    ci->u.l.trap = 1;  /* assume trap is on, for now */
+  }
+  base = ci->func + 1;
+  /* main loop of interpreter */
+  for (;;) {
+    Instruction i;  /* instruction being executed */
+    StkId ra;  /* instruction's A register */
+    vmfetch();
+// low-level line tracing for debugging Lua
+// printf("line: %d\n", luaG_getfuncline(cl->p, pcRel(pc, cl->p)));
+    lua_assert(base == ci->func + 1);
+    lua_assert(base <= L->top && L->top < L->stack_last);
+    /* invalidate top for instructions not expecting it */
+    lua_assert(isIT(i) || (cast_void(L->top = base), 1));
+    vmdispatch (GET_OPCODE(i)) {
+      vmcase(OP_MOVE) {
+        setobjs2s(L, ra, RB(i));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADI) {
+        lua_Integer b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+        setivalue(s2v(ra), b);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADF) {
+        int b = GETARG_sBx(i);
+        setfltvalue(s2v(ra), cast_num(b));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADK) {
+        TValue *rb = k + GETARG_Bx(i);
+        setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADKX) {
+        TValue *rb;
+        rb = k + GETARG_Ax(*pc); pc++;
+        setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADFALSE) {
+        setbfvalue(s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LFALSESKIP) {
+        setbfvalue(s2v(ra));
+        pc++;  /* skip next instruction */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADTRUE) {
+        setbtvalue(s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LOADNIL) {
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        do {
+          setnilvalue(s2v(ra++));
+        } while (b--);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETUPVAL) {
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        setobj2s(L, ra, cl->upvals[b]->v);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETUPVAL) {
+        UpVal *uv = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)];
+        setobj(L, uv->v, s2v(ra));
+        luaC_barrier(L, uv, s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETTABUP) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *upval = cl->upvals[GETARG_B(i)]->v;
+        TValue *rc = KC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rc);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, upval, key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, upval, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETTABLE) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TValue *rc = vRC(i);
+        lua_Unsigned n;
+        if (ttisinteger(rc)  /* fast track for integers? */
+            ? (cast_void(n = ivalue(rc)), luaV_fastgeti(L, rb, n, slot))
+            : luaV_fastget(L, rb, rc, slot, luaH_get)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETI) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        int c = GETARG_C(i);
+        if (luaV_fastgeti(L, rb, c, slot)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else {
+          TValue key;
+          setivalue(&key, c);
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, &key, ra, slot));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GETFIELD) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TValue *rc = KC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rc);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, rb, key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETTABUP) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *upval = cl->upvals[GETARG_A(i)]->v;
+        TValue *rb = KB(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rb);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, upval, key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, upval, slot, rc);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, upval, rb, rc, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETTABLE) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);  /* key (table is in 'ra') */
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);  /* value */
+        lua_Unsigned n;
+        if (ttisinteger(rb)  /* fast track for integers? */
+            ? (cast_void(n = ivalue(rb)), luaV_fastgeti(L, s2v(ra), n, slot))
+            : luaV_fastget(L, s2v(ra), rb, slot, luaH_get)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, s2v(ra), slot, rc);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, s2v(ra), rb, rc, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETI) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        int c = GETARG_B(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        if (luaV_fastgeti(L, s2v(ra), c, slot)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, s2v(ra), slot, rc);
+        }
+        else {
+          TValue key;
+          setivalue(&key, c);
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, s2v(ra), &key, rc, slot));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETFIELD) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = KB(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rb);  /* key must be a string */
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, s2v(ra), key, slot, luaH_getshortstr)) {
+          luaV_finishfastset(L, s2v(ra), slot, rc);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishset(L, s2v(ra), rb, rc, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_NEWTABLE) {
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* log2(hash size) + 1 */
+        int c = GETARG_C(i);  /* array size */
+        Table *t;
+        if (b > 0)
+          b = 1 << (b - 1);  /* size is 2^(b - 1) */
+        lua_assert((!TESTARG_k(i)) == (GETARG_Ax(*pc) == 0));
+        if (TESTARG_k(i))  /* non-zero extra argument? */
+          c += GETARG_Ax(*pc) * (MAXARG_C + 1);  /* add it to size */
+        pc++;  /* skip extra argument */
+        L->top = ra + 1;  /* correct top in case of emergency GC */
+        t = luaH_new(L);  /* memory allocation */
+        sethvalue2s(L, ra, t);
+        if (b != 0 || c != 0)
+          luaH_resize(L, t, c, b);  /* idem */
+        checkGC(L, ra + 1);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SELF) {
+        const TValue *slot;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TValue *rc = RKC(i);
+        TString *key = tsvalue(rc);  /* key must be a string */
+        setobj2s(L, ra + 1, rb);
+        if (luaV_fastget(L, rb, key, slot, luaH_getstr)) {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, slot);
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaV_finishget(L, rb, rc, ra, slot));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_ADDI) {
+        op_arithI(L, l_addi, luai_numadd);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_ADDK) {
+        op_arithK(L, l_addi, luai_numadd);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SUBK) {
+        op_arithK(L, l_subi, luai_numsub);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MULK) {
+        op_arithK(L, l_muli, luai_nummul);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MODK) {
+        op_arithK(L, luaV_mod, luaV_modf);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_POWK) {
+        op_arithfK(L, luai_numpow);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_DIVK) {
+        op_arithfK(L, luai_numdiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_IDIVK) {
+        op_arithK(L, luaV_idiv, luai_numidiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BANDK) {
+        op_bitwiseK(L, l_band);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BORK) {
+        op_bitwiseK(L, l_bor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BXORK) {
+        op_bitwiseK(L, l_bxor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHRI) {
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        int ic = GETARG_sC(i);
+        lua_Integer ib;
+        if (tointegerns(rb, &ib)) {
+          pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), luaV_shiftl(ib, -ic));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHLI) {
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        int ic = GETARG_sC(i);
+        lua_Integer ib;
+        if (tointegerns(rb, &ib)) {
+          pc++; setivalue(s2v(ra), luaV_shiftl(ic, ib));
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_ADD) {
+        op_arith(L, l_addi, luai_numadd);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SUB) {
+        op_arith(L, l_subi, luai_numsub);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MUL) {
+        op_arith(L, l_muli, luai_nummul);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MOD) {
+        op_arith(L, luaV_mod, luaV_modf);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_POW) {
+        op_arithf(L, luai_numpow);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_DIV) {  /* float division (always with floats) */
+        op_arithf(L, luai_numdiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_IDIV) {  /* floor division */
+        op_arith(L, luaV_idiv, luai_numidiv);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BAND) {
+        op_bitwise(L, l_band);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BOR) {
+        op_bitwise(L, l_bor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BXOR) {
+        op_bitwise(L, l_bxor);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHR) {
+        op_bitwise(L, luaV_shiftr);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SHL) {
+        op_bitwise(L, luaV_shiftl);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MMBIN) {
+        Instruction pi = *(pc - 2);  /* original arith. expression */
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        TMS tm = (TMS)GETARG_C(i);
+        StkId result = RA(pi);
+        lua_assert(OP_ADD <= GET_OPCODE(pi) && GET_OPCODE(pi) <= OP_SHR);
+        Protect(luaT_trybinTM(L, s2v(ra), rb, result, tm));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MMBINI) {
+        Instruction pi = *(pc - 2);  /* original arith. expression */
+        int imm = GETARG_sB(i);
+        TMS tm = (TMS)GETARG_C(i);
+        int flip = GETARG_k(i);
+        StkId result = RA(pi);
+        Protect(luaT_trybiniTM(L, s2v(ra), imm, flip, result, tm));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_MMBINK) {
+        Instruction pi = *(pc - 2);  /* original arith. expression */
+        TValue *imm = KB(i);
+        TMS tm = (TMS)GETARG_C(i);
+        int flip = GETARG_k(i);
+        StkId result = RA(pi);
+        Protect(luaT_trybinassocTM(L, s2v(ra), imm, flip, result, tm));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_UNM) {
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        lua_Number nb;
+        if (ttisinteger(rb)) {
+          lua_Integer ib = ivalue(rb);
+          setivalue(s2v(ra), intop(-, 0, ib));
+        }
+        else if (tonumberns(rb, nb)) {
+          setfltvalue(s2v(ra), luai_numunm(L, nb));
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaT_trybinTM(L, rb, rb, ra, TM_UNM));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_BNOT) {
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        lua_Integer ib;
+        if (tointegerns(rb, &ib)) {
+          setivalue(s2v(ra), intop(^, ~l_castS2U(0), ib));
+        }
+        else
+          Protect(luaT_trybinTM(L, rb, rb, ra, TM_BNOT));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_NOT) {
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        if (l_isfalse(rb))
+          setbtvalue(s2v(ra));
+        else
+          setbfvalue(s2v(ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LEN) {
+        Protect(luaV_objlen(L, ra, vRB(i)));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CONCAT) {
+        int n = GETARG_B(i);  /* number of elements to concatenate */
+        L->top = ra + n;  /* mark the end of concat operands */
+        ProtectNT(luaV_concat(L, n));
+        checkGC(L, L->top); /* 'luaV_concat' ensures correct top */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CLOSE) {
+        Protect(luaF_close(L, ra, LUA_OK, 1));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TBC) {
+        /* create new to-be-closed upvalue */
+        halfProtect(luaF_newtbcupval(L, ra));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_JMP) {
+        dojump(ci, i, 0);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EQ) {
+        int cond;
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        Protect(cond = luaV_equalobj(L, s2v(ra), rb));
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LT) {
+        op_order(L, l_lti, LTnum, lessthanothers);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LE) {
+        op_order(L, l_lei, LEnum, lessequalothers);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EQK) {
+        TValue *rb = KB(i);
+        /* basic types do not use '__eq'; we can use raw equality */
+        int cond = luaV_rawequalobj(s2v(ra), rb);
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EQI) {
+        int cond;
+        int im = GETARG_sB(i);
+        if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra)))
+          cond = (ivalue(s2v(ra)) == im);
+        else if (ttisfloat(s2v(ra)))
+          cond = luai_numeq(fltvalue(s2v(ra)), cast_num(im));
+        else
+          cond = 0;  /* other types cannot be equal to a number */
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LTI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_lti, luai_numlt, 0, TM_LT);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_LEI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_lei, luai_numle, 0, TM_LE);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GTI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_gti, luai_numgt, 1, TM_LT);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_GEI) {
+        op_orderI(L, l_gei, luai_numge, 1, TM_LE);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TEST) {
+        int cond = !l_isfalse(s2v(ra));
+        docondjump();
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TESTSET) {
+        TValue *rb = vRB(i);
+        if (l_isfalse(rb) == GETARG_k(i))
+          pc++;
+        else {
+          setobj2s(L, ra, rb);
+          donextjump(ci);
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CALL) {
+        CallInfo *newci;
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);
+        int nresults = GETARG_C(i) - 1;
+        if (b != 0)  /* fixed number of arguments? */
+          L->top = ra + b;  /* top signals number of arguments */
+        /* else previous instruction set top */
+        savepc(L);  /* in case of errors */
+        if ((newci = luaD_precall(L, ra, nresults)) == NULL)
+          updatetrap(ci);  /* C call; nothing else to be done */
+        else {  /* Lua call: run function in this same C frame */
+          ci = newci;
+          ci->callstatus = 0;  /* call re-uses 'luaV_execute' */
+          goto startfunc;
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TAILCALL) {
+        int b = GETARG_B(i);  /* number of arguments + 1 (function) */
+        int nparams1 = GETARG_C(i);
+        /* delta is virtual 'func' - real 'func' (vararg functions) */
+        int delta = (nparams1) ? ci->u.l.nextraargs + nparams1 : 0;
+        if (b != 0)
+          L->top = ra + b;
+        else  /* previous instruction set top */
+          b = cast_int(L->top - ra);
+        savepc(ci);  /* several calls here can raise errors */
+        if (TESTARG_k(i)) {
+          luaF_closeupval(L, base);  /* close upvalues from current call */
+          lua_assert(L->tbclist < base);  /* no pending tbc variables */
+          lua_assert(base == ci->func + 1);
+        }
+        while (!ttisfunction(s2v(ra))) {  /* not a function? */
+          luaD_tryfuncTM(L, ra);  /* try '__call' metamethod */
+          b++;  /* there is now one extra argument */
+          checkstackGCp(L, 1, ra);
+        }
+        if (!ttisLclosure(s2v(ra))) {  /* C function? */
+          luaD_precall(L, ra, LUA_MULTRET);  /* call it */
+          updatetrap(ci);
+          updatestack(ci);  /* stack may have been relocated */
+          ci->func -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
+          luaD_poscall(L, ci, cast_int(L->top - ra));  /* finish caller */
+          updatetrap(ci);  /* 'luaD_poscall' can change hooks */
+          goto ret;  /* caller returns after the tail call */
+        }
+        ci->func -= delta;  /* restore 'func' (if vararg) */
+        luaD_pretailcall(L, ci, ra, b);  /* prepare call frame */
+        goto startfunc;  /* execute the callee */
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_RETURN) {
+        int n = GETARG_B(i) - 1;  /* number of results */
+        int nparams1 = GETARG_C(i);
+        if (n < 0)  /* not fixed? */
+          n = cast_int(L->top - ra);  /* get what is available */
+        savepc(ci);
+        if (TESTARG_k(i)) {  /* may there be open upvalues? */
+          if (L->top < ci->top)
+            L->top = ci->top;
+          luaF_close(L, base, CLOSEKTOP, 1);
+          updatetrap(ci);
+          updatestack(ci);
+        }
+        if (nparams1)  /* vararg function? */
+          ci->func -= ci->u.l.nextraargs + nparams1;
+        L->top = ra + n;  /* set call for 'luaD_poscall' */
+        luaD_poscall(L, ci, n);
+        updatetrap(ci);  /* 'luaD_poscall' can change hooks */
+        goto ret;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_RETURN0) {
+        if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask)) {
+          L->top = ra;
+          savepc(ci);
+          luaD_poscall(L, ci, 0);  /* no hurry... */
+          trap = 1;
+        }
+        else {  /* do the 'poscall' here */
+          int nres;
+          L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller */
+          L->top = base - 1;
+          for (nres = ci->nresults; l_unlikely(nres > 0); nres--)
+            setnilvalue(s2v(L->top++));  /* all results are nil */
+        }
+        goto ret;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_RETURN1) {
+        if (l_unlikely(L->hookmask)) {
+          L->top = ra + 1;
+          savepc(ci);
+          luaD_poscall(L, ci, 1);  /* no hurry... */
+          trap = 1;
+        }
+        else {  /* do the 'poscall' here */
+          int nres = ci->nresults;
+          L->ci = ci->previous;  /* back to caller */
+          if (nres == 0)
+            L->top = base - 1;  /* asked for no results */
+          else {
+            setobjs2s(L, base - 1, ra);  /* at least this result */
+            L->top = base;
+            for (; l_unlikely(nres > 1); nres--)
+              setnilvalue(s2v(L->top++));  /* complete missing results */
+          }
+        }
+       ret:  /* return from a Lua function */
+        if (ci->callstatus & CIST_FRESH)
+          return;  /* end this frame */
+        else {
+          ci = ci->previous;
+          goto returning;  /* continue running caller in this frame */
+        }
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_FORLOOP) {
+        if (ttisinteger(s2v(ra + 2))) {  /* integer loop? */
+          lua_Unsigned count = l_castS2U(ivalue(s2v(ra + 1)));
+          if (count > 0) {  /* still more iterations? */
+            lua_Integer step = ivalue(s2v(ra + 2));
+            lua_Integer idx = ivalue(s2v(ra));  /* internal index */
+            chgivalue(s2v(ra + 1), count - 1);  /* update counter */
+            idx = intop(+, idx, step);  /* add step to index */
+            chgivalue(s2v(ra), idx);  /* update internal index */
+            setivalue(s2v(ra + 3), idx);  /* and control variable */
+            pc -= GETARG_Bx(i);  /* jump back */
+          }
+        }
+        else if (floatforloop(ra))  /* float loop */
+          pc -= GETARG_Bx(i);  /* jump back */
+        updatetrap(ci);  /* allows a signal to break the loop */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_FORPREP) {
+        savestate(L, ci);  /* in case of errors */
+        if (forprep(L, ra))
+          pc += GETARG_Bx(i) + 1;  /* skip the loop */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TFORPREP) {
+        /* create to-be-closed upvalue (if needed) */
+        halfProtect(luaF_newtbcupval(L, ra + 3));
+        pc += GETARG_Bx(i);
+        i = *(pc++);  /* go to next instruction */
+        lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORCALL && ra == RA(i));
+        goto l_tforcall;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TFORCALL) {
+       l_tforcall:
+        /* 'ra' has the iterator function, 'ra + 1' has the state,
+           'ra + 2' has the control variable, and 'ra + 3' has the
+           to-be-closed variable. The call will use the stack after
+           these values (starting at 'ra + 4')
+        */
+        /* push function, state, and control variable */
+        memcpy(ra + 4, ra, 3 * sizeof(*ra));
+        L->top = ra + 4 + 3;
+        ProtectNT(luaD_call(L, ra + 4, GETARG_C(i)));  /* do the call */
+        updatestack(ci);  /* stack may have changed */
+        i = *(pc++);  /* go to next instruction */
+        lua_assert(GET_OPCODE(i) == OP_TFORLOOP && ra == RA(i));
+        goto l_tforloop;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_TFORLOOP) {
+        l_tforloop:
+        if (!ttisnil(s2v(ra + 4))) {  /* continue loop? */
+          setobjs2s(L, ra + 2, ra + 4);  /* save control variable */
+          pc -= GETARG_Bx(i);  /* jump back */
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_SETLIST) {
+        int n = GETARG_B(i);
+        unsigned int last = GETARG_C(i);
+        Table *h = hvalue(s2v(ra));
+        if (n == 0)
+          n = cast_int(L->top - ra) - 1;  /* get up to the top */
+        else
+          L->top = ci->top;  /* correct top in case of emergency GC */
+        last += n;
+        if (TESTARG_k(i)) {
+          last += GETARG_Ax(*pc) * (MAXARG_C + 1);
+          pc++;
+        }
+        if (last > luaH_realasize(h))  /* needs more space? */
+          luaH_resizearray(L, h, last);  /* preallocate it at once */
+        for (; n > 0; n--) {
+          TValue *val = s2v(ra + n);
+          setobj2t(L, &h->array[last - 1], val);
+          last--;
+          luaC_barrierback(L, obj2gco(h), val);
+        }
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_CLOSURE) {
+        Proto *p = cl->p->p[GETARG_Bx(i)];
+        halfProtect(pushclosure(L, p, cl->upvals, base, ra));
+        checkGC(L, ra + 1);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_VARARG) {
+        int n = GETARG_C(i) - 1;  /* required results */
+        Protect(luaT_getvarargs(L, ci, ra, n));
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_VARARGPREP) {
+        ProtectNT(luaT_adjustvarargs(L, GETARG_A(i), ci, cl->p));
+        if (l_unlikely(trap)) {  /* previous "Protect" updated trap */
+          luaD_hookcall(L, ci);
+          L->oldpc = 1;  /* next opcode will be seen as a "new" line */
+        }
+        updatebase(ci);  /* function has new base after adjustment */
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+      vmcase(OP_EXTRAARG) {
+        lua_assert(0);
+        vmbreak;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/* }================================================================== */
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lvm.h b/external/lua/src/lvm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1bc16f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lvm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lvm.h $
+** Lua virtual machine
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#ifndef lvm_h
+#define lvm_h
+
+
+#include "ldo.h"
+#include "lobject.h"
+#include "ltm.h"
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_NOCVTN2S)
+#define cvt2str(o)	ttisnumber(o)
+#else
+#define cvt2str(o)	0	/* no conversion from numbers to strings */
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(LUA_NOCVTS2N)
+#define cvt2num(o)	ttisstring(o)
+#else
+#define cvt2num(o)	0	/* no conversion from strings to numbers */
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** You can define LUA_FLOORN2I if you want to convert floats to integers
+** by flooring them (instead of raising an error if they are not
+** integral values)
+*/
+#if !defined(LUA_FLOORN2I)
+#define LUA_FLOORN2I		F2Ieq
+#endif
+
+
+/*
+** Rounding modes for float->integer coercion
+ */
+typedef enum {
+  F2Ieq,     /* no rounding; accepts only integral values */
+  F2Ifloor,  /* takes the floor of the number */
+  F2Iceil    /* takes the ceil of the number */
+} F2Imod;
+
+
+/* convert an object to a float (including string coercion) */
+#define tonumber(o,n) \
+	(ttisfloat(o) ? (*(n) = fltvalue(o), 1) : luaV_tonumber_(o,n))
+
+
+/* convert an object to a float (without string coercion) */
+#define tonumberns(o,n) \
+	(ttisfloat(o) ? ((n) = fltvalue(o), 1) : \
+	(ttisinteger(o) ? ((n) = cast_num(ivalue(o)), 1) : 0))
+
+
+/* convert an object to an integer (including string coercion) */
+#define tointeger(o,i) \
+  (l_likely(ttisinteger(o)) ? (*(i) = ivalue(o), 1) \
+                          : luaV_tointeger(o,i,LUA_FLOORN2I))
+
+
+/* convert an object to an integer (without string coercion) */
+#define tointegerns(o,i) \
+  (l_likely(ttisinteger(o)) ? (*(i) = ivalue(o), 1) \
+                          : luaV_tointegerns(o,i,LUA_FLOORN2I))
+
+
+#define intop(op,v1,v2) l_castU2S(l_castS2U(v1) op l_castS2U(v2))
+
+#define luaV_rawequalobj(t1,t2)		luaV_equalobj(NULL,t1,t2)
+
+
+/*
+** fast track for 'gettable': if 't' is a table and 't[k]' is present,
+** return 1 with 'slot' pointing to 't[k]' (position of final result).
+** Otherwise, return 0 (meaning it will have to check metamethod)
+** with 'slot' pointing to an empty 't[k]' (if 't' is a table) or NULL
+** (otherwise). 'f' is the raw get function to use.
+*/
+#define luaV_fastget(L,t,k,slot,f) \
+  (!ttistable(t)  \
+   ? (slot = NULL, 0)  /* not a table; 'slot' is NULL and result is 0 */  \
+   : (slot = f(hvalue(t), k),  /* else, do raw access */  \
+      !isempty(slot)))  /* result not empty? */
+
+
+/*
+** Special case of 'luaV_fastget' for integers, inlining the fast case
+** of 'luaH_getint'.
+*/
+#define luaV_fastgeti(L,t,k,slot) \
+  (!ttistable(t)  \
+   ? (slot = NULL, 0)  /* not a table; 'slot' is NULL and result is 0 */  \
+   : (slot = (l_castS2U(k) - 1u < hvalue(t)->alimit) \
+              ? &hvalue(t)->array[k - 1] : luaH_getint(hvalue(t), k), \
+      !isempty(slot)))  /* result not empty? */
+
+
+/*
+** Finish a fast set operation (when fast get succeeds). In that case,
+** 'slot' points to the place to put the value.
+*/
+#define luaV_finishfastset(L,t,slot,v) \
+    { setobj2t(L, cast(TValue *,slot), v); \
+      luaC_barrierback(L, gcvalue(t), v); }
+
+
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_equalobj (lua_State *L, const TValue *t1, const TValue *t2);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessthan (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_lessequal (lua_State *L, const TValue *l, const TValue *r);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tonumber_ (const TValue *obj, lua_Number *n);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointeger (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_tointegerns (const TValue *obj, lua_Integer *p,
+                                F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC int luaV_flttointeger (lua_Number n, lua_Integer *p, F2Imod mode);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishget (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                               StkId val, const TValue *slot);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishset (lua_State *L, const TValue *t, TValue *key,
+                               TValue *val, const TValue *slot);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_finishOp (lua_State *L);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_execute (lua_State *L, CallInfo *ci);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_concat (lua_State *L, int total);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_idiv (lua_State *L, lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_mod (lua_State *L, lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Number luaV_modf (lua_State *L, lua_Number x, lua_Number y);
+LUAI_FUNC lua_Integer luaV_shiftl (lua_Integer x, lua_Integer y);
+LUAI_FUNC void luaV_objlen (lua_State *L, StkId ra, const TValue *rb);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lzio.c b/external/lua/src/lzio.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd0a02d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lzio.c
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.c $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+#define lzio_c
+#define LUA_CORE
+
+#include "lprefix.h"
+
+
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "llimits.h"
+#include "lmem.h"
+#include "lstate.h"
+#include "lzio.h"
+
+
+int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z) {
+  size_t size;
+  lua_State *L = z->L;
+  const char *buff;
+  lua_unlock(L);
+  buff = z->reader(L, z->data, &size);
+  lua_lock(L);
+  if (buff == NULL || size == 0)
+    return EOZ;
+  z->n = size - 1;  /* discount char being returned */
+  z->p = buff;
+  return cast_uchar(*(z->p++));
+}
+
+
+void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader, void *data) {
+  z->L = L;
+  z->reader = reader;
+  z->data = data;
+  z->n = 0;
+  z->p = NULL;
+}
+
+
+/* --------------------------------------------------------------- read --- */
+size_t luaZ_read (ZIO *z, void *b, size_t n) {
+  while (n) {
+    size_t m;
+    if (z->n == 0) {  /* no bytes in buffer? */
+      if (luaZ_fill(z) == EOZ)  /* try to read more */
+        return n;  /* no more input; return number of missing bytes */
+      else {
+        z->n++;  /* luaZ_fill consumed first byte; put it back */
+        z->p--;
+      }
+    }
+    m = (n <= z->n) ? n : z->n;  /* min. between n and z->n */
+    memcpy(b, z->p, m);
+    z->n -= m;
+    z->p += m;
+    b = (char *)b + m;
+    n -= m;
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/lua/src/lzio.h b/external/lua/src/lzio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38f397f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/lua/src/lzio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+/*
+** $Id: lzio.h $
+** Buffered streams
+** See Copyright Notice in lua.h
+*/
+
+
+#ifndef lzio_h
+#define lzio_h
+
+#include "lua.h"
+
+#include "lmem.h"
+
+
+#define EOZ	(-1)			/* end of stream */
+
+typedef struct Zio ZIO;
+
+#define zgetc(z)  (((z)->n--)>0 ?  cast_uchar(*(z)->p++) : luaZ_fill(z))
+
+
+typedef struct Mbuffer {
+  char *buffer;
+  size_t n;
+  size_t buffsize;
+} Mbuffer;
+
+#define luaZ_initbuffer(L, buff) ((buff)->buffer = NULL, (buff)->buffsize = 0)
+
+#define luaZ_buffer(buff)	((buff)->buffer)
+#define luaZ_sizebuffer(buff)	((buff)->buffsize)
+#define luaZ_bufflen(buff)	((buff)->n)
+
+#define luaZ_buffremove(buff,i)	((buff)->n -= (i))
+#define luaZ_resetbuffer(buff) ((buff)->n = 0)
+
+
+#define luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, size) \
+	((buff)->buffer = luaM_reallocvchar(L, (buff)->buffer, \
+				(buff)->buffsize, size), \
+	(buff)->buffsize = size)
+
+#define luaZ_freebuffer(L, buff)	luaZ_resizebuffer(L, buff, 0)
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC void luaZ_init (lua_State *L, ZIO *z, lua_Reader reader,
+                                        void *data);
+LUAI_FUNC size_t luaZ_read (ZIO* z, void *b, size_t n);	/* read next n bytes */
+
+
+
+/* --------- Private Part ------------------ */
+
+struct Zio {
+  size_t n;			/* bytes still unread */
+  const char *p;		/* current position in buffer */
+  lua_Reader reader;		/* reader function */
+  void *data;			/* additional data */
+  lua_State *L;			/* Lua state (for reader) */
+};
+
+
+LUAI_FUNC int luaZ_fill (ZIO *z);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/minhook/.editorconfig b/external/minhook/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36c09e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+# EditorConfig is awesome: http://EditorConfig.org
+
+# top-most EditorConfig file
+root = true
+
+# Windows-style newlines with a newline ending every file
+[*]
+end_of_line = crlf
+insert_final_newline = true
+
+# 4 space indentation
+[*.{c,h,def}]
+indent_style = space
+indent_size = 4
+
+# Trim trailing whitespaces
+[*.{c,h,def,txt}]
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+
+# UTF-8 with BOM
+[*.{c,h,def,txt}]
+charset=utf-8-bom
diff --git a/external/minhook/.gitignore b/external/minhook/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33a07e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#OS junk files
+[Tt]humbs.db
+*.DS_Store
+
+#Visual Studio files
+*.[Oo]bj
+*.user
+*.aps
+*.pch
+*.vspscc
+*.vssscc
+*_i.c
+*_p.c
+*.ncb
+*.suo
+*.tlb
+*.tlh
+*.bak
+*.[Cc]ache
+*.ilk
+*.log
+*.sbr
+*.sdf
+*.opensdf
+*.unsuccessfulbuild
+ipch/
+obj/
+[Ll]ib
+[Bb]in
+[Dd]ebug*/
+[Rr]elease*/
+Ankh.NoLoad
+*.VC.db
+
+#GCC files
+*.o
+*.d
+*.res
+*.dll
+*.a
+
+#Visual Studio Code files
+.vscode/
diff --git a/external/minhook/AUTHORS.txt b/external/minhook/AUTHORS.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ebef1a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/AUTHORS.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+Tsuda Kageyu <tsuda.kageyu@gmail.com>
+ Creator, maintainer
+
+Michael Maltsev <leahcimmar@gmail.com>
+ Added "Queue" functions. A lot of bug fixes.
+
+Andrey Unis <uniskz@gmail.com>
+ Rewrote the hook engine in plain C.
diff --git a/external/minhook/CMakeLists.txt b/external/minhook/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79bc15b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
+cmake_policy(SET CMP0069 NEW)
+project(minhook)
+
+# set language level
+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
+
+# warnings (based off SpiceTools)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wall -Wextra") # enable stuff
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-pointer-arith") # but we love pointer arithmetic :)
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unknown-pragmas") # since CLion does clang pragmas
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-address") # to allow checking function pointers for null
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-cast-function-type") # we actually do this a lot
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-class-memaccess") # RapidJSON does this
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-parameter") # for all those stubs
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-stringop-truncation") # since we do that from time to time
+set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-local-typedefs") # for our logging system
+
+# library definition
+set(SOURCE_FILES src/buffer.c src/hook.c src/trampoline.c src/hde/hde32.c src/hde/hde64.c)
+add_library(minhook STATIC ${SOURCE_FILES} dll_resources/MinHook.def)
diff --git a/external/minhook/LICENSE.txt b/external/minhook/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..74dea27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+================================================================================
+Portions of this software are Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+================================================================================
+Hacker Disassembler Engine 32 C
+Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+Hacker Disassembler Engine 64 C
+Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/external/minhook/README.md b/external/minhook/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97c2912
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# MinHook
+
+[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-BSD%202--Clause-orange.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/BSD-2-Clause)
+
+The Minimalistic x86/x64 API Hooking Library for Windows
+
+http://www.codeproject.com/KB/winsdk/LibMinHook.aspx
+
+### Donation please
+
+I need some funds to continue developing this library. All contributions gratefully accepted.
+
+<a href='https://pledgie.com/campaigns/27314'><img alt='Click here to lend your support to: MinHook - Help me continue to develop this library and make a donation at pledgie.com !' src='https://pledgie.com/campaigns/27314.png?skin_name=chrome' border='0' ></a>
+
+### Version history
+
+- **v1.3.3 - 8 Jan 2017**
+  * Added a helper function ```MH_CreateHookApiEx```. (Thanks to asm256)
+  * Support Visual Studio 2017 RC.
+
+- **v1.3.2.1 - 9 Nov 2015**  (Nuget package only)
+  * Fixed an insufficient support for Visual Studio 2015.
+
+- **v1.3.2 - 1 Nov 2015**
+  * Support Visual Studio 2015.
+  * Support MinGW.
+
+- **v1.3.2-beta3 - 21 Jul 2015**  (Nuget package only)
+  * Support MinGW. (Experimental)
+
+- **v1.3.2-beta2 - 18 May 2015**
+  * Fixed some subtle bugs. (Thanks to RaMMicHaeL)
+  * Added a helper function ```MH_StatusToString```. (Thanks to Jan Klass)
+
+- **v1.3.2-beta - 12 May 2015**
+  * Fixed a possible thread deadlock in x64 mode. (Thanks to Aleh Kazakevich)
+  * Reduced the footprint a little more.
+  * Support Visual Studio 2015 RC. (Experimental)
+
+- **v1.3.1.1 - 7 Apr 2015**  (Nuget package only)
+  * Support for WDK8.0 and 8.1.
+
+- **v1.3.1 - 19 Mar 2015**
+  * No major changes from v1.3.1-beta.
+
+- **v1.3.1-beta - 11 Mar 2015**
+  * Added a helper function ```MH_CreateHookApi```. (Thanks to uniskz).
+  * Fixed a false memory leak reported by some tools.
+  * Fixed a degradated compatibility issue. 
+
+- **v1.3 - 13 Sep 2014**
+  * No major changes from v1.3-beta3.
+
+- **v1.3-beta3 - 31 Jul 2014**
+
+  * Fixed some small bugs.
+  * Improved the memory management.
+
+- **v1.3-beta2 - 21 Jul 2014**
+
+  * Changed the parameters to Windows-friendly types. (void* to LPVOID)
+  * Fixed some small bugs.
+  * Reorganized the source files.
+  * Reduced the footprint a little more.
+
+- **v1.3-beta - 17 Jul 2014**
+
+  * Rewrote in plain C to reduce the footprint and memory usage. (suggested by Andrey Unis)
+  * Simplified the overall code base to make it more readable and maintainable.
+  * Changed the license from 3-clause to 2-clause BSD License.
+
+- **v1.2 - 28 Sep 2013**
+ 
+  * Removed boost dependency ([jarredholman](https://github.com/jarredholman/minhook)).
+  * Fixed a small bug in the GetRelativeBranchDestination function ([pillbug99](http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/4058892/Small-Bug-Found.aspx)).
+  * Added the ```MH_RemoveHook``` function, which removes a hook created with the ```MH_CreateHook``` function.
+  * Added the following functions to enable or disable multiple hooks in one go: ```MH_QueueEnableHook```, ```MH_QueueDisableHook```, ```MH_ApplyQueued```. This is the preferred way of handling multiple hooks as every call to `MH_EnableHook` or `MH_DisableHook` suspends and resumes all threads.
+  * Made the functions ```MH_EnableHook``` and ```MH_DisableHook``` enable/disable all created hooks when the ```MH_ALL_HOOKS``` parameter is passed. This, too, is an efficient way of handling multiple hooks.
+  * If the target function is too small to be patched with a jump, MinHook tries to place the jump above the function. If that fails as well, the ```MH_CreateHook``` function returns ```MH_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FUNCTION```. This fixes an issue of hooking the LoadLibraryExW function on Windows 7 x64 ([reported by Obble](http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/4578613/Re-Bug-LoadLibraryExW-hook-fails-on-windows-2008-r.aspx)).
+
+- **v1.1 - 26 Nov 2009**
+
+  * Changed the interface to create a hook and a trampoline function in one go to prevent the detour function from being called before the trampoline function is created. ([reported by xliqz](http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/3280374/Unsafe.aspx))
+  * Shortened the function names from ```MinHook_*``` to ```MH_*``` to make them handier.
+
+- **v1.0 - 22 Nov 2009**
+ 
+  * Initial release.
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/MinGW/Makefile b/external/minhook/build/MinGW/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc16725
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/MinGW/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+WINDRES:=$(CROSS_PREFIX)windres
+DLLTOOL:=$(CROSS_PREFIX)dlltool
+AR:=$(CROSS_PREFIX)ar
+CC:=$(CROSS_PREFIX)gcc
+CCLD:=$(CC)
+SRCS:=$(wildcard src/*.c src/hde/*.c)
+OBJS:=$(SRCS:%.c=%.o)
+DEPS:=$(SRCS:%.c=%.d)
+INCS:=-Isrc -Iinclude
+CFLAGS:=-masm=intel -Wall -Werror -std=c11
+LDFLAGS:=-Wl,-enable-stdcall-fixup -s -static-libgcc
+
+all: MinHook.dll libMinHook.dll.a libMinHook.a
+
+-include $(DEPS)
+
+libMinHook.a: $(OBJS)
+	$(AR) r $@ $^
+libMinHook.dll.a: MinHook.dll dll_resources/MinHook.def
+	$(DLLTOOL) --dllname MinHook.dll --def dll_resources/MinHook.def --output-lib $@
+MinHook.dll: $(OBJS) dll_resources/MinHook.res dll_resources/MinHook.def
+	$(CCLD) -o $@ -shared $(LDFLAGS) $^
+
+.rc.res:
+	$(WINDRES) -o $@ --input-format=rc --output-format=coff $<
+.c.o:
+	$(CC) -o $@ -c -MMD -MP $(INCS) $(CFLAGS) $<
+
+clean:
+	rm -f $(OBJS) $(DEPS) MinHook.dll libMinHook.dll.a libMinHook.a dll_resources/MinHook.res
+
+.PHONY: clean
+.SUFFIXES: .rc .res
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/MinGW/make.bat b/external/minhook/build/MinGW/make.bat
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7671878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/MinGW/make.bat
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+windres -i ../../dll_resources/MinHook.rc -o MinHook_rc.o && dllwrap --driver-name g++ -o MinHook.dll -masm=intel --def ../../dll_resources/MinHook.def -Wl,-enable-stdcall-fixup -Wall MinHook_rc.o ../../src/*.c ../../src/HDE/*.c -I../../include -I../../src -Werror -std=c++11 -s -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++|| pause
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC10/MinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC10/MinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3944d80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC10/MinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>MinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x86.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x86.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <NoEntryPoint>true</NoEntryPoint>
+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <NoEntryPoint>true</NoEntryPoint>
+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.rc" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC10/MinHookVC10.sln b/external/minhook/build/VC10/MinHookVC10.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcc1d5c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC10/MinHookVC10.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 11.00
+# Visual Studio 2010
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "libMinHook", "libMinHook.vcxproj", "{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "MinHook", "MinHook.vcxproj", "{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE} = {F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC10/libMinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC10/libMinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..589ff9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC10/libMinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>libMinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>false</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>false</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>
+      </DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\buffer.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC10/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters b/external/minhook/build/VC10/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d1d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC10/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\buffer.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{9d24b740-be2e-4cfd-b9a4-340a50946ee9}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{76381bc7-2863-4cc5-aede-926ec2c506e4}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="HDE">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{56ddb326-6179-430d-ae19-e13bfd767bfa}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC11/MinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC11/MinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c0e212
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC11/MinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>MinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x86.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x86.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <NoEntryPoint>true</NoEntryPoint>
+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <NoEntryPoint>true</NoEntryPoint>
+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
+    </Link>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.rc" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC11/MinHookVC11.sln b/external/minhook/build/VC11/MinHookVC11.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b56553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC11/MinHookVC11.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 2012
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "libMinHook", "libMinHook.vcxproj", "{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "MinHook", "MinHook.vcxproj", "{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE} = {F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC11/libMinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC11/libMinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a65499
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC11/libMinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>libMinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v110_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
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+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
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+    <ClCompile>
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+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\buffer.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC11/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters b/external/minhook/build/VC11/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d1d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC11/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\buffer.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{9d24b740-be2e-4cfd-b9a4-340a50946ee9}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{76381bc7-2863-4cc5-aede-926ec2c506e4}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="HDE">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{56ddb326-6179-430d-ae19-e13bfd767bfa}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC12/MinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC12/MinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40ec836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC12/MinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
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+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>MinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x86.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
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+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
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+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x86.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
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+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
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+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
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+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <NoEntryPoint>true</NoEntryPoint>
+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
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+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def" />
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+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.rc" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC12/MinHookVC12.sln b/external/minhook/build/VC12/MinHookVC12.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfd928b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC12/MinHookVC12.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio 2013
+VisualStudioVersion = 12.0.30501.0
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "libMinHook", "libMinHook.vcxproj", "{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "MinHook", "MinHook.vcxproj", "{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE} = {F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
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diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC12/libMinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC12/libMinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b2a190
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC12/libMinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="12.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>libMinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v120_xp</PlatformToolset>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
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+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
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+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NotSet</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+      <CompileAs>CompileAsC</CompileAs>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
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+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
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+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
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+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
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+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
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+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c" />
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+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h" />
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+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h" />
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
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+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC12/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters b/external/minhook/build/VC12/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d1d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC12/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
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+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
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+  <ItemGroup>
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+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{76381bc7-2863-4cc5-aede-926ec2c506e4}</UniqueIdentifier>
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+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
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new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5ecda2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC14/MinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
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+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
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+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
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+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
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+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
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+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
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+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
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+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
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+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
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+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
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+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
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+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
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\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC14/MinHookVC14.sln b/external/minhook/build/VC14/MinHookVC14.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..258c192
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC14/MinHookVC14.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
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+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
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+EndProject
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+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE} = {F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
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+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
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+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
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+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
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diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC14/libMinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC14/libMinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..263b811
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC14/libMinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="14.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
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+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>libMinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v140_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v140_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v140_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
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+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
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+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
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+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NotSet</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+      <CompileAs>CompileAsC</CompileAs>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\buffer.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
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+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h" />
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC14/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters b/external/minhook/build/VC14/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d1d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC14/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
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+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{9d24b740-be2e-4cfd-b9a4-340a50946ee9}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{76381bc7-2863-4cc5-aede-926ec2c506e4}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="HDE">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{56ddb326-6179-430d-ae19-e13bfd767bfa}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC15/MinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC15/MinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d51833
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC15/MinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
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+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
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+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
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+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
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+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
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+    <ConfigurationType>DynamicLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
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+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</LinkIncremental>
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+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)bin\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <LinkIncremental Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">false</LinkIncremental>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <PrecompiledHeader>
+      </PrecompiledHeader>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
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+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
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+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
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+    <ClCompile>
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+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
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+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
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+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
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+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
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+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX86</TargetMachine>
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+    <ClCompile>
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+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
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+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
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+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
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+    <Link>
+      <ModuleDefinitionFile>$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def</ModuleDefinitionFile>
+      <GenerateDebugInformation>false</GenerateDebugInformation>
+      <SubSystem>Windows</SubSystem>
+      <OptimizeReferences>true</OptimizeReferences>
+      <EnableCOMDATFolding>true</EnableCOMDATFolding>
+      <TargetMachine>MachineX64</TargetMachine>
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\libMinHook.x64.lib;%(AdditionalDependencies)</AdditionalDependencies>
+      <NoEntryPoint>true</NoEntryPoint>
+      <MergeSections>.CRT=.text</MergeSections>
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+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def" />
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+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.rc" />
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
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diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC15/MinHookVC15.sln b/external/minhook/build/VC15/MinHookVC15.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..946dc70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC15/MinHookVC15.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
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+VisualStudioVersion = 15.0.25123.0
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
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+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "MinHook", "MinHook.vcxproj", "{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE} = {F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
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+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
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+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
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diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC15/libMinHook.vcxproj b/external/minhook/build/VC15/libMinHook.vcxproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d4352e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC15/libMinHook.vcxproj
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project DefaultTargets="Build" ToolsVersion="14.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup Label="ProjectConfigurations">
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Debug|x64">
+      <Configuration>Debug</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|Win32">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>Win32</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+    <ProjectConfiguration Include="Release|x64">
+      <Configuration>Release</Configuration>
+      <Platform>x64</Platform>
+    </ProjectConfiguration>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="Globals">
+    <ProjectGuid>{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}</ProjectGuid>
+    <RootNamespace>libMinHook</RootNamespace>
+    <Keyword>Win32Proj</Keyword>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.Default.props" />
+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <PropertyGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="Configuration">
+    <ConfigurationType>StaticLibrary</ConfigurationType>
+    <CharacterSet>Unicode</CharacterSet>
+    <PlatformToolset>v141_xp</PlatformToolset>
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+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.props" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionSettings">
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
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+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <ImportGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'" Label="PropertySheets">
+    <Import Project="$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props" Condition="exists('$(UserRootDir)\Microsoft.Cpp.$(Platform).user.props')" Label="LocalAppDataPlatform" />
+  </ImportGroup>
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <_ProjectFileVersion>10.0.40219.1</_ProjectFileVersion>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <OutDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(SolutionDir)lib\$(Configuration)\</OutDir>
+    <IntDir Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(Platform)\$(Configuration)\$(ProjectName)\</IntDir>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">$(ProjectName).x86</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+    <TargetName Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">$(ProjectName).x64</TargetName>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>Disabled</Optimization>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <BasicRuntimeChecks>EnableFastChecks</BasicRuntimeChecks>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreadedDebug</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NotSet</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+      <CompileAs>CompileAsC</CompileAs>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>NoExtensions</EnableEnhancedInstructionSet>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">
+    <Midl>
+      <TargetEnvironment>X64</TargetEnvironment>
+    </Midl>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <Optimization>MinSpace</Optimization>
+      <IntrinsicFunctions>true</IntrinsicFunctions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <MinimalRebuild>false</MinimalRebuild>
+      <RuntimeLibrary>MultiThreaded</RuntimeLibrary>
+      <FunctionLevelLinking>true</FunctionLevelLinking>
+      <WarningLevel>Level3</WarningLevel>
+      <DebugInformationFormat>None</DebugInformationFormat>
+      <WholeProgramOptimization>true</WholeProgramOptimization>
+      <InlineFunctionExpansion>AnySuitable</InlineFunctionExpansion>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Lib />
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\buffer.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+      <ExcludedFromBuild Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">true</ExcludedFromBuild>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c" />
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC15/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters b/external/minhook/build/VC15/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2d1d97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC15/libMinHook.vcxproj.filters
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\buffer.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\hook.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\trampoline.c">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\trampoline.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\buffer.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\include\MinHook.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h">
+      <Filter>HDE</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{9d24b740-be2e-4cfd-b9a4-340a50946ee9}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{76381bc7-2863-4cc5-aede-926ec2c506e4}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="HDE">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{56ddb326-6179-430d-ae19-e13bfd767bfa}</UniqueIdentifier>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC9/MinHook.vcproj b/external/minhook/build/VC9/MinHook.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4bad257
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC9/MinHook.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,343 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="shift_jis"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="9.00"
+	Name="MinHook"
+	ProjectGUID="{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}"
+	RootNamespace="MinHook"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj"
+	TargetFrameworkVersion="196613"
+	>
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"
+		/>
+		<Platform
+			Name="x64"
+		/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<ToolFiles>
+	</ToolFiles>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)bin\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="2"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="1"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="4"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x86.dll"
+				LinkIncremental="2"
+				ModuleDefinitionFile="$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="false"
+				SubSystem="2"
+				TargetMachine="1"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManifestTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAppVerifierTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|x64"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)bin\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="2"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+				TargetEnvironment="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="1"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x64.dll"
+				LinkIncremental="2"
+				ModuleDefinitionFile="$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="false"
+				SubSystem="2"
+				TargetMachine="17"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManifestTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAppVerifierTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)bin\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="2"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			WholeProgramOptimization="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="1"
+				EnableIntrinsicFunctions="true"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				RuntimeLibrary="0"
+				EnableFunctionLevelLinking="true"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x86.dll"
+				LinkIncremental="1"
+				ModuleDefinitionFile="$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="false"
+				SubSystem="2"
+				OptimizeReferences="2"
+				EnableCOMDATFolding="2"
+				ResourceOnlyDLL="true"
+				MergeSections=".CRT=.text"
+				TargetMachine="1"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManifestTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAppVerifierTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|x64"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)bin\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="2"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			WholeProgramOptimization="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+				TargetEnvironment="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="1"
+				EnableIntrinsicFunctions="true"
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_WINDOWS;_USRDLL;MINHOOK_EXPORTS"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				RuntimeLibrary="0"
+				EnableFunctionLevelLinking="true"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLinkerTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x64.dll"
+				LinkIncremental="1"
+				ModuleDefinitionFile="$(SolutionDir)..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def"
+				GenerateDebugInformation="false"
+				SubSystem="2"
+				OptimizeReferences="2"
+				EnableCOMDATFolding="2"
+				ResourceOnlyDLL="true"
+				MergeSections=".CRT=.text"
+				TargetMachine="17"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManifestTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCAppVerifierTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<File
+			RelativePath="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.def"
+			>
+		</File>
+		<File
+			RelativePath="..\..\dll_resources\MinHook.rc"
+			>
+		</File>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC9/MinHookVC9.sln b/external/minhook/build/VC9/MinHookVC9.sln
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..869f5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC9/MinHookVC9.sln
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 10.00
+# Visual Studio 2008
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "libMinHook", "libMinHook.vcproj", "{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}"
+EndProject
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "MinHook", "MinHook.vcproj", "{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}"
+	ProjectSection(ProjectDependencies) = postProject
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE} = {F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}
+	EndProjectSection
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|Win32 = Debug|Win32
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Release|Win32 = Release|Win32
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|Win32.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|Win32.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{027FAC75-3FDB-4044-8DD0-BC297BD4C461}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal
diff --git a/external/minhook/build/VC9/libMinHook.vcproj b/external/minhook/build/VC9/libMinHook.vcproj
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..68b0c05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/build/VC9/libMinHook.vcproj
@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="shift_jis"?>
+<VisualStudioProject
+	ProjectType="Visual C++"
+	Version="9.00"
+	Name="libMinHook"
+	ProjectGUID="{F142A341-5EE0-442D-A15F-98AE9B48DBAE}"
+	RootNamespace="libMinHook"
+	Keyword="Win32Proj"
+	TargetFrameworkVersion="196613"
+	>
+	<Platforms>
+		<Platform
+			Name="Win32"
+		/>
+		<Platform
+			Name="x64"
+		/>
+	</Platforms>
+	<ToolFiles>
+	</ToolFiles>
+	<Configurations>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)lib\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories=""
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="1"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="0"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x86.lib"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Debug|x64"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)lib\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+				TargetEnvironment="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="0"
+				WholeProgramOptimization="false"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories=""
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;_DEBUG;_LIB;STRICT"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				BasicRuntimeChecks="3"
+				RuntimeLibrary="1"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="0"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x64.lib"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|Win32"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)lib\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			WholeProgramOptimization="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="1"
+				InlineFunctionExpansion="2"
+				EnableIntrinsicFunctions="true"
+				WholeProgramOptimization="true"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories=""
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				RuntimeLibrary="0"
+				EnableFunctionLevelLinking="true"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				AssemblerOutput="2"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="0"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x86.lib"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+		<Configuration
+			Name="Release|x64"
+			OutputDirectory="$(SolutionDir)lib\$(ConfigurationName)"
+			IntermediateDirectory="$(PlatformName)\$(ConfigurationName)\$(ProjectName)"
+			ConfigurationType="4"
+			CharacterSet="1"
+			WholeProgramOptimization="1"
+			>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCustomBuildTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXMLDataGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCWebServiceProxyGeneratorTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCMIDLTool"
+				TargetEnvironment="3"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+				Optimization="1"
+				InlineFunctionExpansion="2"
+				EnableIntrinsicFunctions="true"
+				WholeProgramOptimization="true"
+				AdditionalIncludeDirectories=""
+				PreprocessorDefinitions="WIN32;NDEBUG;_LIB;STRICT"
+				MinimalRebuild="false"
+				RuntimeLibrary="0"
+				EnableFunctionLevelLinking="true"
+				UsePrecompiledHeader="0"
+				AssemblerOutput="2"
+				WarningLevel="3"
+				DebugInformationFormat="0"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCManagedResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCResourceCompilerTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPreLinkEventTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCLibrarianTool"
+				OutputFile="$(OutDir)\$(ProjectName).x64.lib"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCALinkTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCXDCMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCBscMakeTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCFxCopTool"
+			/>
+			<Tool
+				Name="VCPostBuildEventTool"
+			/>
+		</Configuration>
+	</Configurations>
+	<References>
+	</References>
+	<Files>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Source Files"
+			Filter="cpp;c;cc;cxx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}"
+			>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\buffer.c"
+				>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\hook.c"
+				>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32"
+					>
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						Optimization="2"
+					/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|x64"
+					>
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+						Optimization="2"
+					/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\trampoline.c"
+				>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="Header Files"
+			Filter="h;hpp;hxx;hm;inl;inc;xsd"
+			UniqueIdentifier="{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}"
+			>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\buffer.h"
+				>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\trampoline.h"
+				>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<Filter
+			Name="HDE"
+			>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.c"
+				>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|x64"
+					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
+					>
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+					/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|x64"
+					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
+					>
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+					/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\HDE\hde32.h"
+				>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.c"
+				>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Debug|Win32"
+					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
+					>
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+					/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+				<FileConfiguration
+					Name="Release|Win32"
+					ExcludedFromBuild="true"
+					>
+					<Tool
+						Name="VCCLCompilerTool"
+					/>
+				</FileConfiguration>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\HDE\hde64.h"
+				>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\HDE\pstdint.h"
+				>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\HDE\table32.h"
+				>
+			</File>
+			<File
+				RelativePath="..\..\src\HDE\table64.h"
+				>
+			</File>
+		</Filter>
+		<File
+			RelativePath="..\..\include\MinHook.h"
+			>
+		</File>
+	</Files>
+	<Globals>
+	</Globals>
+</VisualStudioProject>
diff --git a/external/minhook/dll_resources/MinHook.def b/external/minhook/dll_resources/MinHook.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c6af698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/dll_resources/MinHook.def
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+EXPORTS
+    MH_Initialize
+    MH_Uninitialize
+
+    MH_CreateHook
+    MH_CreateHookApi
+    MH_CreateHookApiEx
+    MH_RemoveHook
+    MH_EnableHook
+    MH_DisableHook
+    MH_QueueEnableHook
+    MH_QueueDisableHook
+    MH_ApplyQueued
+    MH_StatusToString
diff --git a/external/minhook/dll_resources/MinHook.rc b/external/minhook/dll_resources/MinHook.rc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cbacb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/dll_resources/MinHook.rc
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+1 VERSIONINFO
+ FILEVERSION 1,3,3,0
+ PRODUCTVERSION 1,3,3,0
+ FILEFLAGSMASK 0x17L
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+ FILEFLAGS 0x1L
+#else
+ FILEFLAGS 0x0L
+#endif
+ FILEOS 0x4L
+ FILETYPE 0x2L
+ FILESUBTYPE 0x0L
+BEGIN
+    BLOCK "StringFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        BLOCK "040904b0"
+        BEGIN
+            VALUE "CompanyName", "Tsuda Kageyu"
+            VALUE "FileDescription", "MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hook Library for x64/x86"
+            VALUE "FileVersion", "1.3.3.0"
+            VALUE "InternalName", "MinHookD"
+            VALUE "LegalCopyright", "Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu. All rights reserved."
+            VALUE "LegalTrademarks", "Tsuda Kageyu"
+            VALUE "ProductName", "MinHook DLL"
+            VALUE "ProductVersion", "1.3.3.0"
+        END
+    END
+    BLOCK "VarFileInfo"
+    BEGIN
+        VALUE "Translation", 0x409, 1200
+    END
+END
diff --git a/external/minhook/include/MinHook.h b/external/minhook/include/MinHook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15c0a87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/include/MinHook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+/*
+ *  MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+ *  Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ *  are met:
+ *
+ *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ *  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ *  TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ *  PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+ *  OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ *  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ *  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ *  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ *  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ *  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#if !(defined _M_IX86) && !(defined _M_X64) && !(defined __i386__) && !(defined __x86_64__)
+    #error MinHook supports only x86 and x64 systems.
+#endif
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+// MinHook Error Codes.
+typedef enum MH_STATUS
+{
+    // Unknown error. Should not be returned.
+    MH_UNKNOWN = -1,
+
+    // Successful.
+    MH_OK = 0,
+
+    // MinHook is already initialized.
+    MH_ERROR_ALREADY_INITIALIZED,
+
+    // MinHook is not initialized yet, or already uninitialized.
+    MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED,
+
+    // The hook for the specified target function is already created.
+    MH_ERROR_ALREADY_CREATED,
+
+    // The hook for the specified target function is not created yet.
+    MH_ERROR_NOT_CREATED,
+
+    // The hook for the specified target function is already enabled.
+    MH_ERROR_ENABLED,
+
+    // The hook for the specified target function is not enabled yet, or already
+    // disabled.
+    MH_ERROR_DISABLED,
+
+    // The specified pointer is invalid. It points the address of non-allocated
+    // and/or non-executable region.
+    MH_ERROR_NOT_EXECUTABLE,
+
+    // The specified target function cannot be hooked.
+    MH_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FUNCTION,
+
+    // Failed to allocate memory.
+    MH_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOC,
+
+    // Failed to change the memory protection.
+    MH_ERROR_MEMORY_PROTECT,
+
+    // The specified module is not loaded.
+    MH_ERROR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND,
+
+    // The specified function is not found.
+    MH_ERROR_FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND
+}
+MH_STATUS;
+
+// Can be passed as a parameter to MH_EnableHook, MH_DisableHook,
+// MH_QueueEnableHook or MH_QueueDisableHook.
+#define MH_ALL_HOOKS NULL
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+    // Initialize the MinHook library. You must call this function EXACTLY ONCE
+    // at the beginning of your program.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_Initialize(VOID);
+
+    // Uninitialize the MinHook library. You must call this function EXACTLY
+    // ONCE at the end of your program.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_Uninitialize(VOID);
+
+    // Creates a Hook for the specified target function, in disabled state.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pTarget    [in]  A pointer to the target function, which will be
+    //                    overridden by the detour function.
+    //   pDetour    [in]  A pointer to the detour function, which will override
+    //                    the target function.
+    //   ppOriginal [out] A pointer to the trampoline function, which will be
+    //                    used to call the original target function.
+    //                    This parameter can be NULL.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_CreateHook(LPVOID pTarget, LPVOID pDetour, LPVOID *ppOriginal);
+
+    // Creates a Hook for the specified API function, in disabled state.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pszModule  [in]  A pointer to the loaded module name which contains the
+    //                    target function.
+    //   pszTarget  [in]  A pointer to the target function name, which will be
+    //                    overridden by the detour function.
+    //   pDetour    [in]  A pointer to the detour function, which will override
+    //                    the target function.
+    //   ppOriginal [out] A pointer to the trampoline function, which will be
+    //                    used to call the original target function.
+    //                    This parameter can be NULL.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_CreateHookApi(
+        LPCWSTR pszModule, LPCSTR pszProcName, LPVOID pDetour, LPVOID *ppOriginal);
+
+    // Creates a Hook for the specified API function, in disabled state.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pszModule  [in]  A pointer to the loaded module name which contains the
+    //                    target function.
+    //   pszTarget  [in]  A pointer to the target function name, which will be
+    //                    overridden by the detour function.
+    //   pDetour    [in]  A pointer to the detour function, which will override
+    //                    the target function.
+    //   ppOriginal [out] A pointer to the trampoline function, which will be
+    //                    used to call the original target function.
+    //                    This parameter can be NULL.
+    //   ppTarget   [out] A pointer to the target function, which will be used
+    //                    with other functions.
+    //                    This parameter can be NULL.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_CreateHookApiEx(
+        LPCWSTR pszModule, LPCSTR pszProcName, LPVOID pDetour, LPVOID *ppOriginal, LPVOID *ppTarget);
+
+    // Removes an already created hook.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pTarget [in] A pointer to the target function.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_RemoveHook(LPVOID pTarget);
+
+    // Enables an already created hook.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pTarget [in] A pointer to the target function.
+    //                If this parameter is MH_ALL_HOOKS, all created hooks are
+    //                enabled in one go.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_EnableHook(LPVOID pTarget);
+
+    // Disables an already created hook.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pTarget [in] A pointer to the target function.
+    //                If this parameter is MH_ALL_HOOKS, all created hooks are
+    //                disabled in one go.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_DisableHook(LPVOID pTarget);
+
+    // Queues to enable an already created hook.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pTarget [in] A pointer to the target function.
+    //                If this parameter is MH_ALL_HOOKS, all created hooks are
+    //                queued to be enabled.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_QueueEnableHook(LPVOID pTarget);
+
+    // Queues to disable an already created hook.
+    // Parameters:
+    //   pTarget [in] A pointer to the target function.
+    //                If this parameter is MH_ALL_HOOKS, all created hooks are
+    //                queued to be disabled.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_QueueDisableHook(LPVOID pTarget);
+
+    // Applies all queued changes in one go.
+    MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_ApplyQueued(VOID);
+
+    // Translates the MH_STATUS to its name as a string.
+    const char * WINAPI MH_StatusToString(MH_STATUS status);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/buffer.c b/external/minhook/src/buffer.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f9fbce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/buffer.c
@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+/*
+ *  MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+ *  Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ *  are met:
+ *
+ *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ *  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ *  TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ *  PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+ *  OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ *  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ *  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ *  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ *  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ *  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "buffer.h"
+
+// Size of each memory block. (= page size of VirtualAlloc)
+#define MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE 0x1000
+
+// Max range for seeking a memory block. (= 1024MB)
+#define MAX_MEMORY_RANGE 0x40000000
+
+// Memory protection flags to check the executable address.
+#define PAGE_EXECUTE_FLAGS \
+    (PAGE_EXECUTE | PAGE_EXECUTE_READ | PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE | PAGE_EXECUTE_WRITECOPY)
+
+// Memory slot.
+typedef struct _MEMORY_SLOT
+{
+    union
+    {
+        struct _MEMORY_SLOT *pNext;
+        UINT8 buffer[MEMORY_SLOT_SIZE];
+    };
+} MEMORY_SLOT, *PMEMORY_SLOT;
+
+// Memory block info. Placed at the head of each block.
+typedef struct _MEMORY_BLOCK
+{
+    struct _MEMORY_BLOCK *pNext;
+    PMEMORY_SLOT pFree;         // First element of the free slot list.
+    UINT usedCount;
+} MEMORY_BLOCK, *PMEMORY_BLOCK;
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global Variables:
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// First element of the memory block list.
+PMEMORY_BLOCK g_pMemoryBlocks;
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+VOID InitializeBuffer(VOID)
+{
+    // Nothing to do for now.
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+VOID UninitializeBuffer(VOID)
+{
+    PMEMORY_BLOCK pBlock = g_pMemoryBlocks;
+    g_pMemoryBlocks = NULL;
+
+    while (pBlock)
+    {
+        PMEMORY_BLOCK pNext = pBlock->pNext;
+        VirtualFree(pBlock, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+        pBlock = pNext;
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+static LPVOID FindPrevFreeRegion(LPVOID pAddress, LPVOID pMinAddr, DWORD dwAllocationGranularity)
+{
+    ULONG_PTR tryAddr = (ULONG_PTR)pAddress;
+
+    // Round down to the allocation granularity.
+    tryAddr -= tryAddr % dwAllocationGranularity;
+
+    // Start from the previous allocation granularity multiply.
+    tryAddr -= dwAllocationGranularity;
+
+    while (tryAddr >= (ULONG_PTR)pMinAddr)
+    {
+        MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
+        if (VirtualQuery((LPVOID)tryAddr, &mbi, sizeof(mbi)) == 0)
+            break;
+
+        if (mbi.State == MEM_FREE)
+            return (LPVOID)tryAddr;
+
+        if ((ULONG_PTR)mbi.AllocationBase < dwAllocationGranularity)
+            break;
+
+        tryAddr = (ULONG_PTR)mbi.AllocationBase - dwAllocationGranularity;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+static LPVOID FindNextFreeRegion(LPVOID pAddress, LPVOID pMaxAddr, DWORD dwAllocationGranularity)
+{
+    ULONG_PTR tryAddr = (ULONG_PTR)pAddress;
+
+    // Round down to the allocation granularity.
+    tryAddr -= tryAddr % dwAllocationGranularity;
+
+    // Start from the next allocation granularity multiply.
+    tryAddr += dwAllocationGranularity;
+
+    while (tryAddr <= (ULONG_PTR)pMaxAddr)
+    {
+        MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mbi;
+        if (VirtualQuery((LPVOID)tryAddr, &mbi, sizeof(mbi)) == 0)
+            break;
+
+        if (mbi.State == MEM_FREE)
+            return (LPVOID)tryAddr;
+
+        tryAddr = (ULONG_PTR)mbi.BaseAddress + mbi.RegionSize;
+
+        // Round up to the next allocation granularity.
+        tryAddr += dwAllocationGranularity - 1;
+        tryAddr -= tryAddr % dwAllocationGranularity;
+    }
+
+    return NULL;
+}
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static PMEMORY_BLOCK GetMemoryBlock(LPVOID pOrigin)
+{
+    PMEMORY_BLOCK pBlock;
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    ULONG_PTR minAddr;
+    ULONG_PTR maxAddr;
+
+    SYSTEM_INFO si;
+    GetSystemInfo(&si);
+    minAddr = (ULONG_PTR)si.lpMinimumApplicationAddress;
+    maxAddr = (ULONG_PTR)si.lpMaximumApplicationAddress;
+
+    // pOrigin ± 512MB
+    if ((ULONG_PTR)pOrigin > MAX_MEMORY_RANGE && minAddr < (ULONG_PTR)pOrigin - MAX_MEMORY_RANGE)
+        minAddr = (ULONG_PTR)pOrigin - MAX_MEMORY_RANGE;
+
+    if (maxAddr > (ULONG_PTR)pOrigin + MAX_MEMORY_RANGE)
+        maxAddr = (ULONG_PTR)pOrigin + MAX_MEMORY_RANGE;
+
+    // Make room for MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE bytes.
+    maxAddr -= MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1;
+#endif
+
+    // Look the registered blocks for a reachable one.
+    for (pBlock = g_pMemoryBlocks; pBlock != NULL; pBlock = pBlock->pNext)
+    {
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+        // Ignore the blocks too far.
+        if ((ULONG_PTR)pBlock < minAddr || (ULONG_PTR)pBlock >= maxAddr)
+            continue;
+#endif
+        // The block has at least one unused slot.
+        if (pBlock->pFree != NULL)
+            return pBlock;
+    }
+
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    // Alloc a new block above if not found.
+    {
+        LPVOID pAlloc = pOrigin;
+        while ((ULONG_PTR)pAlloc >= minAddr)
+        {
+            pAlloc = FindPrevFreeRegion(pAlloc, (LPVOID)minAddr, si.dwAllocationGranularity);
+            if (pAlloc == NULL)
+                break;
+
+            pBlock = (PMEMORY_BLOCK)VirtualAlloc(
+                pAlloc, MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
+            if (pBlock != NULL)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Alloc a new block below if not found.
+    if (pBlock == NULL)
+    {
+        LPVOID pAlloc = pOrigin;
+        while ((ULONG_PTR)pAlloc <= maxAddr)
+        {
+            pAlloc = FindNextFreeRegion(pAlloc, (LPVOID)maxAddr, si.dwAllocationGranularity);
+            if (pAlloc == NULL)
+                break;
+
+            pBlock = (PMEMORY_BLOCK)VirtualAlloc(
+                pAlloc, MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
+            if (pBlock != NULL)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    // In x86 mode, a memory block can be placed anywhere.
+    pBlock = (PMEMORY_BLOCK)VirtualAlloc(
+        NULL, MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE, MEM_COMMIT | MEM_RESERVE, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE);
+#endif
+
+    if (pBlock != NULL)
+    {
+        // Build a linked list of all the slots.
+        PMEMORY_SLOT pSlot = (PMEMORY_SLOT)pBlock + 1;
+        pBlock->pFree = NULL;
+        pBlock->usedCount = 0;
+        do
+        {
+            pSlot->pNext = pBlock->pFree;
+            pBlock->pFree = pSlot;
+            pSlot++;
+        } while ((ULONG_PTR)pSlot - (ULONG_PTR)pBlock <= MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE - MEMORY_SLOT_SIZE);
+
+        pBlock->pNext = g_pMemoryBlocks;
+        g_pMemoryBlocks = pBlock;
+    }
+
+    return pBlock;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+LPVOID AllocateBuffer(LPVOID pOrigin)
+{
+    PMEMORY_SLOT  pSlot;
+    PMEMORY_BLOCK pBlock = GetMemoryBlock(pOrigin);
+    if (pBlock == NULL)
+        return NULL;
+
+    // Remove an unused slot from the list.
+    pSlot = pBlock->pFree;
+    pBlock->pFree = pSlot->pNext;
+    pBlock->usedCount++;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+    // Fill the slot with INT3 for debugging.
+    memset(pSlot, 0xCC, sizeof(MEMORY_SLOT));
+#endif
+    return pSlot;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+VOID FreeBuffer(LPVOID pBuffer)
+{
+    PMEMORY_BLOCK pBlock = g_pMemoryBlocks;
+    PMEMORY_BLOCK pPrev = NULL;
+    ULONG_PTR pTargetBlock = ((ULONG_PTR)pBuffer / MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE) * MEMORY_BLOCK_SIZE;
+
+    while (pBlock != NULL)
+    {
+        if ((ULONG_PTR)pBlock == pTargetBlock)
+        {
+            PMEMORY_SLOT pSlot = (PMEMORY_SLOT)pBuffer;
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+            // Clear the released slot for debugging.
+            memset(pSlot, 0x00, sizeof(*pSlot));
+#endif
+            // Restore the released slot to the list.
+            pSlot->pNext = pBlock->pFree;
+            pBlock->pFree = pSlot;
+            pBlock->usedCount--;
+
+            // Free if unused.
+            if (pBlock->usedCount == 0)
+            {
+                if (pPrev)
+                    pPrev->pNext = pBlock->pNext;
+                else
+                    g_pMemoryBlocks = pBlock->pNext;
+
+                VirtualFree(pBlock, 0, MEM_RELEASE);
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        pPrev = pBlock;
+        pBlock = pBlock->pNext;
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BOOL IsExecutableAddress(LPVOID pAddress)
+{
+    MEMORY_BASIC_INFORMATION mi;
+    VirtualQuery(pAddress, &mi, sizeof(mi));
+
+    return (mi.State == MEM_COMMIT && (mi.Protect & PAGE_EXECUTE_FLAGS));
+}
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/buffer.h b/external/minhook/src/buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..204d551
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ *  MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+ *  Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ *  are met:
+ *
+ *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ *  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ *  TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ *  PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+ *  OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ *  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ *  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ *  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ *  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ *  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Size of each memory slot.
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    #define MEMORY_SLOT_SIZE 64
+#else
+    #define MEMORY_SLOT_SIZE 32
+#endif
+
+VOID   InitializeBuffer(VOID);
+VOID   UninitializeBuffer(VOID);
+LPVOID AllocateBuffer(LPVOID pOrigin);
+VOID   FreeBuffer(LPVOID pBuffer);
+BOOL   IsExecutableAddress(LPVOID pAddress);
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hde/hde32.c b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde32.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08fa25b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde32.c
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+/*
+ * Hacker Disassembler Engine 32 C
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#if defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)
+
+#include "hde32.h"
+#include "table32.h"
+
+unsigned int hde32_disasm(const void *code, hde32s *hs)
+{
+    uint8_t x, c, *p = (uint8_t *)code, cflags, opcode, pref = 0;
+    uint8_t *ht = hde32_table, m_mod, m_reg, m_rm, disp_size = 0;
+
+    // Avoid using memset to reduce the footprint.
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+    memset((LPBYTE)hs, 0, sizeof(hde32s));
+#else
+    __stosb((LPBYTE)hs, 0, sizeof(hde32s));
+#endif
+
+    for (x = 16; x; x--)
+        switch (c = *p++) {
+            case 0xf3:
+                hs->p_rep = c;
+                pref |= PRE_F3;
+                break;
+            case 0xf2:
+                hs->p_rep = c;
+                pref |= PRE_F2;
+                break;
+            case 0xf0:
+                hs->p_lock = c;
+                pref |= PRE_LOCK;
+                break;
+            case 0x26: case 0x2e: case 0x36:
+            case 0x3e: case 0x64: case 0x65:
+                hs->p_seg = c;
+                pref |= PRE_SEG;
+                break;
+            case 0x66:
+                hs->p_66 = c;
+                pref |= PRE_66;
+                break;
+            case 0x67:
+                hs->p_67 = c;
+                pref |= PRE_67;
+                break;
+            default:
+                goto pref_done;
+        }
+  pref_done:
+
+    hs->flags = (uint32_t)pref << 23;
+
+    if (!pref)
+        pref |= PRE_NONE;
+
+    if ((hs->opcode = c) == 0x0f) {
+        hs->opcode2 = c = *p++;
+        ht += DELTA_OPCODES;
+    } else if (c >= 0xa0 && c <= 0xa3) {
+        if (pref & PRE_67)
+            pref |= PRE_66;
+        else
+            pref &= ~PRE_66;
+    }
+
+    opcode = c;
+    cflags = ht[ht[opcode / 4] + (opcode % 4)];
+
+    if (cflags == C_ERROR) {
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+        cflags = 0;
+        if ((opcode & -3) == 0x24)
+            cflags++;
+    }
+
+    x = 0;
+    if (cflags & C_GROUP) {
+        uint16_t t;
+        t = *(uint16_t *)(ht + (cflags & 0x7f));
+        cflags = (uint8_t)t;
+        x = (uint8_t)(t >> 8);
+    }
+
+    if (hs->opcode2) {
+        ht = hde32_table + DELTA_PREFIXES;
+        if (ht[ht[opcode / 4] + (opcode % 4)] & pref)
+            hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+    }
+
+    if (cflags & C_MODRM) {
+        hs->flags |= F_MODRM;
+        hs->modrm = c = *p++;
+        hs->modrm_mod = m_mod = c >> 6;
+        hs->modrm_rm = m_rm = c & 7;
+        hs->modrm_reg = m_reg = (c & 0x3f) >> 3;
+
+        if (x && ((x << m_reg) & 0x80))
+            hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+
+        if (!hs->opcode2 && opcode >= 0xd9 && opcode <= 0xdf) {
+            uint8_t t = opcode - 0xd9;
+            if (m_mod == 3) {
+                ht = hde32_table + DELTA_FPU_MODRM + t*8;
+                t = ht[m_reg] << m_rm;
+            } else {
+                ht = hde32_table + DELTA_FPU_REG;
+                t = ht[t] << m_reg;
+            }
+            if (t & 0x80)
+                hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+        }
+
+        if (pref & PRE_LOCK) {
+            if (m_mod == 3) {
+                hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LOCK;
+            } else {
+                uint8_t *table_end, op = opcode;
+                if (hs->opcode2) {
+                    ht = hde32_table + DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK;
+                    table_end = ht + DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM - DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK;
+                } else {
+                    ht = hde32_table + DELTA_OP_LOCK_OK;
+                    table_end = ht + DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK - DELTA_OP_LOCK_OK;
+                    op &= -2;
+                }
+                for (; ht != table_end; ht++)
+                    if (*ht++ == op) {
+                        if (!((*ht << m_reg) & 0x80))
+                            goto no_lock_error;
+                        else
+                            break;
+                    }
+                hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LOCK;
+              no_lock_error:
+                ;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (hs->opcode2) {
+            switch (opcode) {
+                case 0x20: case 0x22:
+                    m_mod = 3;
+                    if (m_reg > 4 || m_reg == 1)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+                case 0x21: case 0x23:
+                    m_mod = 3;
+                    if (m_reg == 4 || m_reg == 5)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+            }
+        } else {
+            switch (opcode) {
+                case 0x8c:
+                    if (m_reg > 5)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+                case 0x8e:
+                    if (m_reg == 1 || m_reg > 5)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (m_mod == 3) {
+            uint8_t *table_end;
+            if (hs->opcode2) {
+                ht = hde32_table + DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM;
+                table_end = ht + sizeof(hde32_table) - DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM;
+            } else {
+                ht = hde32_table + DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM;
+                table_end = ht + DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM - DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM;
+            }
+            for (; ht != table_end; ht += 2)
+                if (*ht++ == opcode) {
+                    if (*ht++ & pref && !((*ht << m_reg) & 0x80))
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        break;
+                }
+            goto no_error_operand;
+        } else if (hs->opcode2) {
+            switch (opcode) {
+                case 0x50: case 0xd7: case 0xf7:
+                    if (pref & (PRE_NONE | PRE_66))
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    break;
+                case 0xd6:
+                    if (pref & (PRE_F2 | PRE_F3))
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    break;
+                case 0xc5:
+                    goto error_operand;
+            }
+            goto no_error_operand;
+        } else
+            goto no_error_operand;
+
+      error_operand:
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPERAND;
+      no_error_operand:
+
+        c = *p++;
+        if (m_reg <= 1) {
+            if (opcode == 0xf6)
+                cflags |= C_IMM8;
+            else if (opcode == 0xf7)
+                cflags |= C_IMM_P66;
+        }
+
+        switch (m_mod) {
+            case 0:
+                if (pref & PRE_67) {
+                    if (m_rm == 6)
+                        disp_size = 2;
+                } else
+                    if (m_rm == 5)
+                        disp_size = 4;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                disp_size = 1;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                disp_size = 2;
+                if (!(pref & PRE_67))
+                    disp_size <<= 1;
+        }
+
+        if (m_mod != 3 && m_rm == 4 && !(pref & PRE_67)) {
+            hs->flags |= F_SIB;
+            p++;
+            hs->sib = c;
+            hs->sib_scale = c >> 6;
+            hs->sib_index = (c & 0x3f) >> 3;
+            if ((hs->sib_base = c & 7) == 5 && !(m_mod & 1))
+                disp_size = 4;
+        }
+
+        p--;
+        switch (disp_size) {
+            case 1:
+                hs->flags |= F_DISP8;
+                hs->disp.disp8 = *p;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                hs->flags |= F_DISP16;
+                hs->disp.disp16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                hs->flags |= F_DISP32;
+                hs->disp.disp32 = *(uint32_t *)p;
+        }
+        p += disp_size;
+    } else if (pref & PRE_LOCK)
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LOCK;
+
+    if (cflags & C_IMM_P66) {
+        if (cflags & C_REL32) {
+            if (pref & PRE_66) {
+                hs->flags |= F_IMM16 | F_RELATIVE;
+                hs->imm.imm16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+                p += 2;
+                goto disasm_done;
+            }
+            goto rel32_ok;
+        }
+        if (pref & PRE_66) {
+            hs->flags |= F_IMM16;
+            hs->imm.imm16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+            p += 2;
+        } else {
+            hs->flags |= F_IMM32;
+            hs->imm.imm32 = *(uint32_t *)p;
+            p += 4;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (cflags & C_IMM16) {
+        if (hs->flags & F_IMM32) {
+            hs->flags |= F_IMM16;
+            hs->disp.disp16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+        } else if (hs->flags & F_IMM16) {
+            hs->flags |= F_2IMM16;
+            hs->disp.disp16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+        } else {
+            hs->flags |= F_IMM16;
+            hs->imm.imm16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+        }
+        p += 2;
+    }
+    if (cflags & C_IMM8) {
+        hs->flags |= F_IMM8;
+        hs->imm.imm8 = *p++;
+    }
+
+    if (cflags & C_REL32) {
+      rel32_ok:
+        hs->flags |= F_IMM32 | F_RELATIVE;
+        hs->imm.imm32 = *(uint32_t *)p;
+        p += 4;
+    } else if (cflags & C_REL8) {
+        hs->flags |= F_IMM8 | F_RELATIVE;
+        hs->imm.imm8 = *p++;
+    }
+
+  disasm_done:
+
+    if ((hs->len = (uint8_t)(p-(uint8_t *)code)) > 15) {
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LENGTH;
+        hs->len = 15;
+    }
+
+    return (unsigned int)hs->len;
+}
+
+#endif // defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hde/hde32.h b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde32.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1112450
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ * Hacker Disassembler Engine 32
+ * Copyright (c) 2006-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * hde32.h: C/C++ header file
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HDE32_H_
+#define _HDE32_H_
+
+/* stdint.h - C99 standard header
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stdint.h
+ *
+ * if your compiler doesn't contain "stdint.h" header (for
+ * example, Microsoft Visual C++), you can download file:
+ *   http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/pstdint.h
+ * and change next line to:
+ *   #include "pstdint.h"
+ */
+#include "pstdint.h"
+
+#define F_MODRM         0x00000001
+#define F_SIB           0x00000002
+#define F_IMM8          0x00000004
+#define F_IMM16         0x00000008
+#define F_IMM32         0x00000010
+#define F_DISP8         0x00000020
+#define F_DISP16        0x00000040
+#define F_DISP32        0x00000080
+#define F_RELATIVE      0x00000100
+#define F_2IMM16        0x00000800
+#define F_ERROR         0x00001000
+#define F_ERROR_OPCODE  0x00002000
+#define F_ERROR_LENGTH  0x00004000
+#define F_ERROR_LOCK    0x00008000
+#define F_ERROR_OPERAND 0x00010000
+#define F_PREFIX_REPNZ  0x01000000
+#define F_PREFIX_REPX   0x02000000
+#define F_PREFIX_REP    0x03000000
+#define F_PREFIX_66     0x04000000
+#define F_PREFIX_67     0x08000000
+#define F_PREFIX_LOCK   0x10000000
+#define F_PREFIX_SEG    0x20000000
+#define F_PREFIX_ANY    0x3f000000
+
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_CS   0x2e
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_SS   0x36
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_DS   0x3e
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_ES   0x26
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_FS   0x64
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_GS   0x65
+#define PREFIX_LOCK         0xf0
+#define PREFIX_REPNZ        0xf2
+#define PREFIX_REPX         0xf3
+#define PREFIX_OPERAND_SIZE 0x66
+#define PREFIX_ADDRESS_SIZE 0x67
+
+#pragma pack(push,1)
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t len;
+    uint8_t p_rep;
+    uint8_t p_lock;
+    uint8_t p_seg;
+    uint8_t p_66;
+    uint8_t p_67;
+    uint8_t opcode;
+    uint8_t opcode2;
+    uint8_t modrm;
+    uint8_t modrm_mod;
+    uint8_t modrm_reg;
+    uint8_t modrm_rm;
+    uint8_t sib;
+    uint8_t sib_scale;
+    uint8_t sib_index;
+    uint8_t sib_base;
+    union {
+        uint8_t imm8;
+        uint16_t imm16;
+        uint32_t imm32;
+    } imm;
+    union {
+        uint8_t disp8;
+        uint16_t disp16;
+        uint32_t disp32;
+    } disp;
+    uint32_t flags;
+} hde32s;
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* __cdecl */
+unsigned int hde32_disasm(const void *code, hde32s *hs);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _HDE32_H_ */
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hde/hde64.c b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde64.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c23e2fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde64.c
@@ -0,0 +1,337 @@
+/*
+ * Hacker Disassembler Engine 64 C
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+
+#include "hde64.h"
+#include "table64.h"
+
+unsigned int hde64_disasm(const void *code, hde64s *hs)
+{
+    uint8_t x, c, *p = (uint8_t *)code, cflags, opcode, pref = 0;
+    uint8_t *ht = hde64_table, m_mod, m_reg, m_rm, disp_size = 0;
+    uint8_t op64 = 0;
+
+    // Avoid using memset to reduce the footprint.
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+    memset((LPBYTE)hs, 0, sizeof(hde64s));
+#else
+    __stosb((LPBYTE)hs, 0, sizeof(hde64s));
+#endif
+
+    for (x = 16; x; x--)
+        switch (c = *p++) {
+            case 0xf3:
+                hs->p_rep = c;
+                pref |= PRE_F3;
+                break;
+            case 0xf2:
+                hs->p_rep = c;
+                pref |= PRE_F2;
+                break;
+            case 0xf0:
+                hs->p_lock = c;
+                pref |= PRE_LOCK;
+                break;
+            case 0x26: case 0x2e: case 0x36:
+            case 0x3e: case 0x64: case 0x65:
+                hs->p_seg = c;
+                pref |= PRE_SEG;
+                break;
+            case 0x66:
+                hs->p_66 = c;
+                pref |= PRE_66;
+                break;
+            case 0x67:
+                hs->p_67 = c;
+                pref |= PRE_67;
+                break;
+            default:
+                goto pref_done;
+        }
+  pref_done:
+
+    hs->flags = (uint32_t)pref << 23;
+
+    if (!pref)
+        pref |= PRE_NONE;
+
+    if ((c & 0xf0) == 0x40) {
+        hs->flags |= F_PREFIX_REX;
+        if ((hs->rex_w = (c & 0xf) >> 3) && (*p & 0xf8) == 0xb8)
+            op64++;
+        hs->rex_r = (c & 7) >> 2;
+        hs->rex_x = (c & 3) >> 1;
+        hs->rex_b = c & 1;
+        if (((c = *p++) & 0xf0) == 0x40) {
+            opcode = c;
+            goto error_opcode;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((hs->opcode = c) == 0x0f) {
+        hs->opcode2 = c = *p++;
+        ht += DELTA_OPCODES;
+    } else if (c >= 0xa0 && c <= 0xa3) {
+        op64++;
+        if (pref & PRE_67)
+            pref |= PRE_66;
+        else
+            pref &= ~PRE_66;
+    }
+
+    opcode = c;
+    cflags = ht[ht[opcode / 4] + (opcode % 4)];
+
+    if (cflags == C_ERROR) {
+      error_opcode:
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+        cflags = 0;
+        if ((opcode & -3) == 0x24)
+            cflags++;
+    }
+
+    x = 0;
+    if (cflags & C_GROUP) {
+        uint16_t t;
+        t = *(uint16_t *)(ht + (cflags & 0x7f));
+        cflags = (uint8_t)t;
+        x = (uint8_t)(t >> 8);
+    }
+
+    if (hs->opcode2) {
+        ht = hde64_table + DELTA_PREFIXES;
+        if (ht[ht[opcode / 4] + (opcode % 4)] & pref)
+            hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+    }
+
+    if (cflags & C_MODRM) {
+        hs->flags |= F_MODRM;
+        hs->modrm = c = *p++;
+        hs->modrm_mod = m_mod = c >> 6;
+        hs->modrm_rm = m_rm = c & 7;
+        hs->modrm_reg = m_reg = (c & 0x3f) >> 3;
+
+        if (x && ((x << m_reg) & 0x80))
+            hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+
+        if (!hs->opcode2 && opcode >= 0xd9 && opcode <= 0xdf) {
+            uint8_t t = opcode - 0xd9;
+            if (m_mod == 3) {
+                ht = hde64_table + DELTA_FPU_MODRM + t*8;
+                t = ht[m_reg] << m_rm;
+            } else {
+                ht = hde64_table + DELTA_FPU_REG;
+                t = ht[t] << m_reg;
+            }
+            if (t & 0x80)
+                hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPCODE;
+        }
+
+        if (pref & PRE_LOCK) {
+            if (m_mod == 3) {
+                hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LOCK;
+            } else {
+                uint8_t *table_end, op = opcode;
+                if (hs->opcode2) {
+                    ht = hde64_table + DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK;
+                    table_end = ht + DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM - DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK;
+                } else {
+                    ht = hde64_table + DELTA_OP_LOCK_OK;
+                    table_end = ht + DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK - DELTA_OP_LOCK_OK;
+                    op &= -2;
+                }
+                for (; ht != table_end; ht++)
+                    if (*ht++ == op) {
+                        if (!((*ht << m_reg) & 0x80))
+                            goto no_lock_error;
+                        else
+                            break;
+                    }
+                hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LOCK;
+              no_lock_error:
+                ;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (hs->opcode2) {
+            switch (opcode) {
+                case 0x20: case 0x22:
+                    m_mod = 3;
+                    if (m_reg > 4 || m_reg == 1)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+                case 0x21: case 0x23:
+                    m_mod = 3;
+                    if (m_reg == 4 || m_reg == 5)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+            }
+        } else {
+            switch (opcode) {
+                case 0x8c:
+                    if (m_reg > 5)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+                case 0x8e:
+                    if (m_reg == 1 || m_reg > 5)
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        goto no_error_operand;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (m_mod == 3) {
+            uint8_t *table_end;
+            if (hs->opcode2) {
+                ht = hde64_table + DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM;
+                table_end = ht + sizeof(hde64_table) - DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM;
+            } else {
+                ht = hde64_table + DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM;
+                table_end = ht + DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM - DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM;
+            }
+            for (; ht != table_end; ht += 2)
+                if (*ht++ == opcode) {
+                    if (*ht++ & pref && !((*ht << m_reg) & 0x80))
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    else
+                        break;
+                }
+            goto no_error_operand;
+        } else if (hs->opcode2) {
+            switch (opcode) {
+                case 0x50: case 0xd7: case 0xf7:
+                    if (pref & (PRE_NONE | PRE_66))
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    break;
+                case 0xd6:
+                    if (pref & (PRE_F2 | PRE_F3))
+                        goto error_operand;
+                    break;
+                case 0xc5:
+                    goto error_operand;
+            }
+            goto no_error_operand;
+        } else
+            goto no_error_operand;
+
+      error_operand:
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_OPERAND;
+      no_error_operand:
+
+        c = *p++;
+        if (m_reg <= 1) {
+            if (opcode == 0xf6)
+                cflags |= C_IMM8;
+            else if (opcode == 0xf7)
+                cflags |= C_IMM_P66;
+        }
+
+        switch (m_mod) {
+            case 0:
+                if (pref & PRE_67) {
+                    if (m_rm == 6)
+                        disp_size = 2;
+                } else
+                    if (m_rm == 5)
+                        disp_size = 4;
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                disp_size = 1;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                disp_size = 2;
+                if (!(pref & PRE_67))
+                    disp_size <<= 1;
+        }
+
+        if (m_mod != 3 && m_rm == 4) {
+            hs->flags |= F_SIB;
+            p++;
+            hs->sib = c;
+            hs->sib_scale = c >> 6;
+            hs->sib_index = (c & 0x3f) >> 3;
+            if ((hs->sib_base = c & 7) == 5 && !(m_mod & 1))
+                disp_size = 4;
+        }
+
+        p--;
+        switch (disp_size) {
+            case 1:
+                hs->flags |= F_DISP8;
+                hs->disp.disp8 = *p;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                hs->flags |= F_DISP16;
+                hs->disp.disp16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                hs->flags |= F_DISP32;
+                hs->disp.disp32 = *(uint32_t *)p;
+        }
+        p += disp_size;
+    } else if (pref & PRE_LOCK)
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LOCK;
+
+    if (cflags & C_IMM_P66) {
+        if (cflags & C_REL32) {
+            if (pref & PRE_66) {
+                hs->flags |= F_IMM16 | F_RELATIVE;
+                hs->imm.imm16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+                p += 2;
+                goto disasm_done;
+            }
+            goto rel32_ok;
+        }
+        if (op64) {
+            hs->flags |= F_IMM64;
+            hs->imm.imm64 = *(uint64_t *)p;
+            p += 8;
+        } else if (!(pref & PRE_66)) {
+            hs->flags |= F_IMM32;
+            hs->imm.imm32 = *(uint32_t *)p;
+            p += 4;
+        } else
+            goto imm16_ok;
+    }
+
+
+    if (cflags & C_IMM16) {
+      imm16_ok:
+        hs->flags |= F_IMM16;
+        hs->imm.imm16 = *(uint16_t *)p;
+        p += 2;
+    }
+    if (cflags & C_IMM8) {
+        hs->flags |= F_IMM8;
+        hs->imm.imm8 = *p++;
+    }
+
+    if (cflags & C_REL32) {
+      rel32_ok:
+        hs->flags |= F_IMM32 | F_RELATIVE;
+        hs->imm.imm32 = *(uint32_t *)p;
+        p += 4;
+    } else if (cflags & C_REL8) {
+        hs->flags |= F_IMM8 | F_RELATIVE;
+        hs->imm.imm8 = *p++;
+    }
+
+  disasm_done:
+
+    if ((hs->len = (uint8_t)(p-(uint8_t *)code)) > 15) {
+        hs->flags |= F_ERROR | F_ERROR_LENGTH;
+        hs->len = 15;
+    }
+
+    return (unsigned int)hs->len;
+}
+
+#endif // defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hde/hde64.h b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde64.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ecbf4df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hde/hde64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+/*
+ * Hacker Disassembler Engine 64
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * hde64.h: C/C++ header file
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _HDE64_H_
+#define _HDE64_H_
+
+/* stdint.h - C99 standard header
+ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/stdint.h
+ *
+ * if your compiler doesn't contain "stdint.h" header (for
+ * example, Microsoft Visual C++), you can download file:
+ *   http://www.azillionmonkeys.com/qed/pstdint.h
+ * and change next line to:
+ *   #include "pstdint.h"
+ */
+#include "pstdint.h"
+
+#define F_MODRM         0x00000001
+#define F_SIB           0x00000002
+#define F_IMM8          0x00000004
+#define F_IMM16         0x00000008
+#define F_IMM32         0x00000010
+#define F_IMM64         0x00000020
+#define F_DISP8         0x00000040
+#define F_DISP16        0x00000080
+#define F_DISP32        0x00000100
+#define F_RELATIVE      0x00000200
+#define F_ERROR         0x00001000
+#define F_ERROR_OPCODE  0x00002000
+#define F_ERROR_LENGTH  0x00004000
+#define F_ERROR_LOCK    0x00008000
+#define F_ERROR_OPERAND 0x00010000
+#define F_PREFIX_REPNZ  0x01000000
+#define F_PREFIX_REPX   0x02000000
+#define F_PREFIX_REP    0x03000000
+#define F_PREFIX_66     0x04000000
+#define F_PREFIX_67     0x08000000
+#define F_PREFIX_LOCK   0x10000000
+#define F_PREFIX_SEG    0x20000000
+#define F_PREFIX_REX    0x40000000
+#define F_PREFIX_ANY    0x7f000000
+
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_CS   0x2e
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_SS   0x36
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_DS   0x3e
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_ES   0x26
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_FS   0x64
+#define PREFIX_SEGMENT_GS   0x65
+#define PREFIX_LOCK         0xf0
+#define PREFIX_REPNZ        0xf2
+#define PREFIX_REPX         0xf3
+#define PREFIX_OPERAND_SIZE 0x66
+#define PREFIX_ADDRESS_SIZE 0x67
+
+#pragma pack(push,1)
+
+typedef struct {
+    uint8_t len;
+    uint8_t p_rep;
+    uint8_t p_lock;
+    uint8_t p_seg;
+    uint8_t p_66;
+    uint8_t p_67;
+    uint8_t rex;
+    uint8_t rex_w;
+    uint8_t rex_r;
+    uint8_t rex_x;
+    uint8_t rex_b;
+    uint8_t opcode;
+    uint8_t opcode2;
+    uint8_t modrm;
+    uint8_t modrm_mod;
+    uint8_t modrm_reg;
+    uint8_t modrm_rm;
+    uint8_t sib;
+    uint8_t sib_scale;
+    uint8_t sib_index;
+    uint8_t sib_base;
+    union {
+        uint8_t imm8;
+        uint16_t imm16;
+        uint32_t imm32;
+        uint64_t imm64;
+    } imm;
+    union {
+        uint8_t disp8;
+        uint16_t disp16;
+        uint32_t disp32;
+    } disp;
+    uint32_t flags;
+} hde64s;
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/* __cdecl */
+unsigned int hde64_disasm(const void *code, hde64s *hs);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _HDE64_H_ */
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hde/pstdint.h b/external/minhook/src/hde/pstdint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..84d82a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hde/pstdint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+/*
+ *  MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+ *  Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ *  are met:
+ *
+ *  1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *  2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ *  IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
+ *  OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
+ *  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
+ *  INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
+ *  NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+ *  DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+ *  THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+ *  (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+// Integer types for HDE.
+typedef INT8   int8_t;
+typedef INT16  int16_t;
+typedef INT32  int32_t;
+typedef INT64  int64_t;
+typedef UINT8  uint8_t;
+typedef UINT16 uint16_t;
+typedef UINT32 uint32_t;
+typedef UINT64 uint64_t;
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hde/table32.h b/external/minhook/src/hde/table32.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b3e12e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hde/table32.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+/*
+ * Hacker Disassembler Engine 32 C
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#define C_NONE    0x00
+#define C_MODRM   0x01
+#define C_IMM8    0x02
+#define C_IMM16   0x04
+#define C_IMM_P66 0x10
+#define C_REL8    0x20
+#define C_REL32   0x40
+#define C_GROUP   0x80
+#define C_ERROR   0xff
+
+#define PRE_ANY  0x00
+#define PRE_NONE 0x01
+#define PRE_F2   0x02
+#define PRE_F3   0x04
+#define PRE_66   0x08
+#define PRE_67   0x10
+#define PRE_LOCK 0x20
+#define PRE_SEG  0x40
+#define PRE_ALL  0xff
+
+#define DELTA_OPCODES      0x4a
+#define DELTA_FPU_REG      0xf1
+#define DELTA_FPU_MODRM    0xf8
+#define DELTA_PREFIXES     0x130
+#define DELTA_OP_LOCK_OK   0x1a1
+#define DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK  0x1b9
+#define DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM  0x1cb
+#define DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM 0x1da
+
+unsigned char hde32_table[] = {
+  0xa3,0xa8,0xa3,0xa8,0xa3,0xa8,0xa3,0xa8,0xa3,0xa8,0xa3,0xa8,0xa3,0xa8,0xa3,
+  0xa8,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xaa,0xac,0xaa,0xb2,0xaa,0x9f,0x9f,
+  0x9f,0x9f,0xb5,0xa3,0xa3,0xa4,0xaa,0xaa,0xba,0xaa,0x96,0xaa,0xa8,0xaa,0xc3,
+  0xc3,0x96,0x96,0xb7,0xae,0xd6,0xbd,0xa3,0xc5,0xa3,0xa3,0x9f,0xc3,0x9c,0xaa,
+  0xaa,0xac,0xaa,0xbf,0x03,0x7f,0x11,0x7f,0x01,0x7f,0x01,0x3f,0x01,0x01,0x90,
+  0x82,0x7d,0x97,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x7f,0x59,0x59,0x60,0x7d,0x7f,0x7f,
+  0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x9a,0x88,0x7d,
+  0x59,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x61,0x94,0x61,0x9e,0x59,0x59,
+  0x85,0x59,0x92,0xa3,0x60,0x60,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,0x59,
+  0x59,0x59,0x9f,0x01,0x03,0x01,0x04,0x03,0xd5,0x03,0xcc,0x01,0xbc,0x03,0xf0,
+  0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x14,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x01,0x01,
+  0x01,0x01,0xc4,0x02,0x10,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x01,0x01,0xc0,0xc2,0x10,0x11,
+  0x02,0x03,0x11,0x03,0x03,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x14,0x00,0x02,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc8,
+  0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xca,
+  0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x06,0x00,0x04,0x00,0xc0,0xc2,0x01,0x01,0x03,0x01,0xff,
+  0xff,0x01,0x00,0x03,0xc4,0xc4,0xc6,0x03,0x01,0x01,0x01,0xff,0x03,0x03,0x03,
+  0xc8,0x40,0x00,0x0a,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x00,0x33,0x01,0x00,
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xbf,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x00,
+  0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+  0x00,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xbf,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+  0x7f,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4b,0x52,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4f,
+  0x4c,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x55,0x45,0x40,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,
+  0x45,0x59,0x4d,0x46,0x4a,0x5d,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,
+  0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x4a,0x61,0x63,0x67,0x4e,0x4a,0x4a,0x6b,0x6d,0x4a,0x4a,
+  0x45,0x6d,0x4a,0x4a,0x44,0x45,0x4a,0x4a,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x0d,0x06,0x06,
+  0x06,0x06,0x0e,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x06,0x06,0x02,0x06,
+  0x00,0x0a,0x0a,0x07,0x07,0x06,0x02,0x05,0x05,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x04,
+  0x04,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0e,0x05,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x01,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x08,
+  0x00,0x10,0x00,0x18,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x28,0x00,0x30,0x00,0x80,0x01,0x82,0x01,
+  0x86,0x00,0xf6,0xcf,0xfe,0x3f,0xab,0x00,0xb0,0x00,0xb1,0x00,0xb3,0x00,0xba,
+  0xf8,0xbb,0x00,0xc0,0x00,0xc1,0x00,0xc7,0xbf,0x62,0xff,0x00,0x8d,0xff,0x00,
+  0xc4,0xff,0x00,0xc5,0xff,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xeb,0x01,0xff,0x0e,0x12,0x08,0x00,
+  0x13,0x09,0x00,0x16,0x08,0x00,0x17,0x09,0x00,0x2b,0x09,0x00,0xae,0xff,0x07,
+  0xb2,0xff,0x00,0xb4,0xff,0x00,0xb5,0xff,0x00,0xc3,0x01,0x00,0xc7,0xff,0xbf,
+  0xe7,0x08,0x00,0xf0,0x02,0x00
+};
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hde/table64.h b/external/minhook/src/hde/table64.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01d4541
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hde/table64.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * Hacker Disassembler Engine 64 C
+ * Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ */
+
+#define C_NONE    0x00
+#define C_MODRM   0x01
+#define C_IMM8    0x02
+#define C_IMM16   0x04
+#define C_IMM_P66 0x10
+#define C_REL8    0x20
+#define C_REL32   0x40
+#define C_GROUP   0x80
+#define C_ERROR   0xff
+
+#define PRE_ANY  0x00
+#define PRE_NONE 0x01
+#define PRE_F2   0x02
+#define PRE_F3   0x04
+#define PRE_66   0x08
+#define PRE_67   0x10
+#define PRE_LOCK 0x20
+#define PRE_SEG  0x40
+#define PRE_ALL  0xff
+
+#define DELTA_OPCODES      0x4a
+#define DELTA_FPU_REG      0xfd
+#define DELTA_FPU_MODRM    0x104
+#define DELTA_PREFIXES     0x13c
+#define DELTA_OP_LOCK_OK   0x1ae
+#define DELTA_OP2_LOCK_OK  0x1c6
+#define DELTA_OP_ONLY_MEM  0x1d8
+#define DELTA_OP2_ONLY_MEM 0x1e7
+
+unsigned char hde64_table[] = {
+  0xa5,0xaa,0xa5,0xb8,0xa5,0xaa,0xa5,0xaa,0xa5,0xb8,0xa5,0xb8,0xa5,0xb8,0xa5,
+  0xb8,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xc0,0xac,0xc0,0xcc,0xc0,0xa1,0xa1,
+  0xa1,0xa1,0xb1,0xa5,0xa5,0xa6,0xc0,0xc0,0xd7,0xda,0xe0,0xc0,0xe4,0xc0,0xea,
+  0xea,0xe0,0xe0,0x98,0xc8,0xee,0xf1,0xa5,0xd3,0xa5,0xa5,0xa1,0xea,0x9e,0xc0,
+  0xc0,0xc2,0xc0,0xe6,0x03,0x7f,0x11,0x7f,0x01,0x7f,0x01,0x3f,0x01,0x01,0xab,
+  0x8b,0x90,0x64,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x92,0x5b,0x5b,0x76,0x90,0x92,0x92,
+  0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x6a,0x73,0x90,
+  0x5b,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x52,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x77,0x7c,0x77,0x85,0x5b,0x5b,
+  0x70,0x5b,0x7a,0xaf,0x76,0x76,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,0x5b,
+  0x5b,0x5b,0x86,0x01,0x03,0x01,0x04,0x03,0xd5,0x03,0xd5,0x03,0xcc,0x01,0xbc,
+  0x03,0xf0,0x03,0x03,0x04,0x00,0x50,0x50,0x50,0x50,0xff,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+  0x01,0x01,0x01,0x01,0xc4,0x02,0x10,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x01,0x00,0x03,0x11,0xff,
+  0x03,0xc4,0xc6,0xc8,0x02,0x10,0x00,0xff,0xcc,0x01,0x01,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+  0x00,0x01,0x01,0x03,0x01,0xff,0xff,0xc0,0xc2,0x10,0x11,0x02,0x03,0x01,0x01,
+  0x01,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xff,0xff,0x10,
+  0x10,0x10,0x10,0x02,0x10,0x00,0x00,0xc6,0xc8,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x02,0x06,0x00,
+  0x04,0x00,0x02,0xff,0x00,0xc0,0xc2,0x01,0x01,0x03,0x03,0x03,0xca,0x40,0x00,
+  0x0a,0x00,0x04,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x00,0x33,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,
+  0x00,0x00,0xff,0xbf,0xff,0xff,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x07,0x00,0x00,0xff,0x00,
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xff,0xff,
+  0x00,0x00,0x00,0xbf,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x7f,0x00,0x00,
+  0xff,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x41,0x49,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x4c,0x42,0x40,0x40,
+  0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x4f,0x44,0x53,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x44,0x57,0x43,
+  0x5c,0x40,0x60,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,
+  0x40,0x40,0x64,0x66,0x6e,0x6b,0x40,0x40,0x6a,0x46,0x40,0x40,0x44,0x46,0x40,
+  0x40,0x5b,0x44,0x40,0x40,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x01,0x06,
+  0x06,0x02,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x06,0x00,0x0a,0x0a,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x02,0x07,0x07,
+  0x06,0x02,0x0d,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x0e,0x05,0x05,0x02,0x02,0x00,0x00,0x04,0x04,
+  0x04,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x06,0x06,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x0e,0x00,0x00,0x08,0x00,0x10,
+  0x00,0x18,0x00,0x20,0x00,0x28,0x00,0x30,0x00,0x80,0x01,0x82,0x01,0x86,0x00,
+  0xf6,0xcf,0xfe,0x3f,0xab,0x00,0xb0,0x00,0xb1,0x00,0xb3,0x00,0xba,0xf8,0xbb,
+  0x00,0xc0,0x00,0xc1,0x00,0xc7,0xbf,0x62,0xff,0x00,0x8d,0xff,0x00,0xc4,0xff,
+  0x00,0xc5,0xff,0x00,0xff,0xff,0xeb,0x01,0xff,0x0e,0x12,0x08,0x00,0x13,0x09,
+  0x00,0x16,0x08,0x00,0x17,0x09,0x00,0x2b,0x09,0x00,0xae,0xff,0x07,0xb2,0xff,
+  0x00,0xb4,0xff,0x00,0xb5,0xff,0x00,0xc3,0x01,0x00,0xc7,0xff,0xbf,0xe7,0x08,
+  0x00,0xf0,0x02,0x00
+};
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/hook.c b/external/minhook/src/hook.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce65e57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/hook.c
@@ -0,0 +1,889 @@
+/*
+ *  MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+ *  Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ *  are met:
+ *
+ *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ *  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ *  TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ *  PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+ *  OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ *  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ *  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ *  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ *  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ *  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <tlhelp32.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+#include "../include/MinHook.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+#include "trampoline.h"
+
+#ifndef ARRAYSIZE
+    #define ARRAYSIZE(A) (sizeof(A)/sizeof((A)[0]))
+#endif
+
+// Initial capacity of the HOOK_ENTRY buffer.
+#define INITIAL_HOOK_CAPACITY   32
+
+// Initial capacity of the thread IDs buffer.
+#define INITIAL_THREAD_CAPACITY 128
+
+// Special hook position values.
+#define INVALID_HOOK_POS UINT_MAX
+#define ALL_HOOKS_POS    UINT_MAX
+
+// Freeze() action argument defines.
+#define ACTION_DISABLE      0
+#define ACTION_ENABLE       1
+#define ACTION_APPLY_QUEUED 2
+
+// Thread access rights for suspending/resuming threads.
+#define THREAD_ACCESS \
+    (THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME | THREAD_GET_CONTEXT | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION | THREAD_SET_CONTEXT)
+
+// Hook information.
+typedef struct _HOOK_ENTRY
+{
+    LPVOID pTarget;             // Address of the target function.
+    LPVOID pDetour;             // Address of the detour or relay function.
+    LPVOID pTrampoline;         // Address of the trampoline function.
+    UINT8  backup[8];           // Original prologue of the target function.
+
+    UINT8  patchAbove  : 1;     // Uses the hot patch area.
+    UINT8  isEnabled   : 1;     // Enabled.
+    UINT8  queueEnable : 1;     // Queued for enabling/disabling when != isEnabled.
+
+    UINT   nIP : 4;             // Count of the instruction boundaries.
+    UINT8  oldIPs[8];           // Instruction boundaries of the target function.
+    UINT8  newIPs[8];           // Instruction boundaries of the trampoline function.
+} HOOK_ENTRY, *PHOOK_ENTRY;
+
+// Suspended threads for Freeze()/Unfreeze().
+typedef struct _FROZEN_THREADS
+{
+    LPDWORD pItems;         // Data heap
+    UINT    capacity;       // Size of allocated data heap, items
+    UINT    size;           // Actual number of data items
+} FROZEN_THREADS, *PFROZEN_THREADS;
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Global Variables:
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// Spin lock flag for EnterSpinLock()/LeaveSpinLock().
+volatile LONG g_isLocked = FALSE;
+
+// Private heap handle. If not NULL, this library is initialized.
+HANDLE g_hHeap = NULL;
+
+// Hook entries.
+struct
+{
+    PHOOK_ENTRY pItems;     // Data heap
+    UINT        capacity;   // Size of allocated data heap, items
+    UINT        size;       // Actual number of data items
+} g_hooks;
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Returns INVALID_HOOK_POS if not found.
+static UINT FindHookEntry(LPVOID pTarget)
+{
+    UINT i;
+    for (i = 0; i < g_hooks.size; ++i)
+    {
+        if ((ULONG_PTR)pTarget == (ULONG_PTR)g_hooks.pItems[i].pTarget)
+            return i;
+    }
+
+    return INVALID_HOOK_POS;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static PHOOK_ENTRY AddHookEntry()
+{
+    if (g_hooks.pItems == NULL)
+    {
+        g_hooks.capacity = INITIAL_HOOK_CAPACITY;
+        g_hooks.pItems = (PHOOK_ENTRY)HeapAlloc(
+            g_hHeap, 0, g_hooks.capacity * sizeof(HOOK_ENTRY));
+        if (g_hooks.pItems == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+    }
+    else if (g_hooks.size >= g_hooks.capacity)
+    {
+        PHOOK_ENTRY p = (PHOOK_ENTRY)HeapReAlloc(
+            g_hHeap, 0, g_hooks.pItems, (g_hooks.capacity * 2) * sizeof(HOOK_ENTRY));
+        if (p == NULL)
+            return NULL;
+
+        g_hooks.capacity *= 2;
+        g_hooks.pItems = p;
+    }
+
+    return &g_hooks.pItems[g_hooks.size++];
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void DeleteHookEntry(UINT pos)
+{
+    if (pos < g_hooks.size - 1)
+        g_hooks.pItems[pos] = g_hooks.pItems[g_hooks.size - 1];
+
+    g_hooks.size--;
+
+    if (g_hooks.capacity / 2 >= INITIAL_HOOK_CAPACITY && g_hooks.capacity / 2 >= g_hooks.size)
+    {
+        PHOOK_ENTRY p = (PHOOK_ENTRY)HeapReAlloc(
+            g_hHeap, 0, g_hooks.pItems, (g_hooks.capacity / 2) * sizeof(HOOK_ENTRY));
+        if (p == NULL)
+            return;
+
+        g_hooks.capacity /= 2;
+        g_hooks.pItems = p;
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static DWORD_PTR FindOldIP(PHOOK_ENTRY pHook, DWORD_PTR ip)
+{
+    UINT i;
+
+    if (pHook->patchAbove && ip == ((DWORD_PTR)pHook->pTarget - sizeof(JMP_REL)))
+        return (DWORD_PTR)pHook->pTarget;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < pHook->nIP; ++i)
+    {
+        if (ip == ((DWORD_PTR)pHook->pTrampoline + pHook->newIPs[i]))
+            return (DWORD_PTR)pHook->pTarget + pHook->oldIPs[i];
+    }
+
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    // Check relay function.
+    if (ip == (DWORD_PTR)pHook->pDetour)
+        return (DWORD_PTR)pHook->pTarget;
+#endif
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static DWORD_PTR FindNewIP(PHOOK_ENTRY pHook, DWORD_PTR ip)
+{
+    UINT i;
+    for (i = 0; i < pHook->nIP; ++i)
+    {
+        if (ip == ((DWORD_PTR)pHook->pTarget + pHook->oldIPs[i]))
+            return (DWORD_PTR)pHook->pTrampoline + pHook->newIPs[i];
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void ProcessThreadIPs(HANDLE hThread, UINT pos, UINT action)
+{
+    // If the thread suspended in the overwritten area,
+    // move IP to the proper address.
+
+    CONTEXT c;
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    DWORD64 *pIP = &c.Rip;
+#else
+    DWORD   *pIP = &c.Eip;
+#endif
+    UINT count;
+
+    c.ContextFlags = CONTEXT_CONTROL;
+    if (!GetThreadContext(hThread, &c))
+        return;
+
+    if (pos == ALL_HOOKS_POS)
+    {
+        pos = 0;
+        count = g_hooks.size;
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        count = pos + 1;
+    }
+
+    for (; pos < count; ++pos)
+    {
+        PHOOK_ENTRY pHook = &g_hooks.pItems[pos];
+        BOOL        enable;
+        DWORD_PTR   ip;
+
+        switch (action)
+        {
+        case ACTION_DISABLE:
+            enable = FALSE;
+            break;
+
+        case ACTION_ENABLE:
+            enable = TRUE;
+            break;
+
+        default: // ACTION_APPLY_QUEUED
+            enable = pHook->queueEnable;
+            break;
+        }
+        if (pHook->isEnabled == enable)
+            continue;
+
+        if (enable)
+            ip = FindNewIP(pHook, *pIP);
+        else
+            ip = FindOldIP(pHook, *pIP);
+
+        if (ip != 0)
+        {
+            *pIP = ip;
+            SetThreadContext(hThread, &c);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static VOID EnumerateThreads(PFROZEN_THREADS pThreads)
+{
+    HANDLE hSnapshot = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPTHREAD, 0);
+    if (hSnapshot != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+        THREADENTRY32 te;
+        te.dwSize = sizeof(THREADENTRY32);
+        if (Thread32First(hSnapshot, &te))
+        {
+            do
+            {
+                if (te.dwSize >= (FIELD_OFFSET(THREADENTRY32, th32OwnerProcessID) + sizeof(DWORD))
+                    && te.th32OwnerProcessID == GetCurrentProcessId()
+                    && te.th32ThreadID != GetCurrentThreadId())
+                {
+                    if (pThreads->pItems == NULL)
+                    {
+                        pThreads->capacity = INITIAL_THREAD_CAPACITY;
+                        pThreads->pItems
+                            = (LPDWORD)HeapAlloc(g_hHeap, 0, pThreads->capacity * sizeof(DWORD));
+                        if (pThreads->pItems == NULL)
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    else if (pThreads->size >= pThreads->capacity)
+                    {
+                        LPDWORD p = (LPDWORD)HeapReAlloc(
+                            g_hHeap, 0, pThreads->pItems, (pThreads->capacity * 2) * sizeof(DWORD));
+                        if (p == NULL)
+                            break;
+
+                        pThreads->capacity *= 2;
+                        pThreads->pItems = p;
+                    }
+                    pThreads->pItems[pThreads->size++] = te.th32ThreadID;
+                }
+
+                te.dwSize = sizeof(THREADENTRY32);
+            } while (Thread32Next(hSnapshot, &te));
+        }
+        CloseHandle(hSnapshot);
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static VOID Freeze(PFROZEN_THREADS pThreads, UINT pos, UINT action)
+{
+    pThreads->pItems   = NULL;
+    pThreads->capacity = 0;
+    pThreads->size     = 0;
+    EnumerateThreads(pThreads);
+
+    if (pThreads->pItems != NULL)
+    {
+        UINT i;
+        for (i = 0; i < pThreads->size; ++i)
+        {
+            HANDLE hThread = OpenThread(THREAD_ACCESS, FALSE, pThreads->pItems[i]);
+            if (hThread != NULL)
+            {
+                SuspendThread(hThread);
+                ProcessThreadIPs(hThread, pos, action);
+                CloseHandle(hThread);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static VOID Unfreeze(PFROZEN_THREADS pThreads)
+{
+    if (pThreads->pItems != NULL)
+    {
+        UINT i;
+        for (i = 0; i < pThreads->size; ++i)
+        {
+            HANDLE hThread = OpenThread(THREAD_ACCESS, FALSE, pThreads->pItems[i]);
+            if (hThread != NULL)
+            {
+                ResumeThread(hThread);
+                CloseHandle(hThread);
+            }
+        }
+
+        HeapFree(g_hHeap, 0, pThreads->pItems);
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static MH_STATUS EnableHookLL(UINT pos, BOOL enable)
+{
+    PHOOK_ENTRY pHook = &g_hooks.pItems[pos];
+    DWORD  oldProtect;
+    SIZE_T patchSize    = sizeof(JMP_REL);
+    LPBYTE pPatchTarget = (LPBYTE)pHook->pTarget;
+
+    if (pHook->patchAbove)
+    {
+        pPatchTarget -= sizeof(JMP_REL);
+        patchSize    += sizeof(JMP_REL_SHORT);
+    }
+
+    if (!VirtualProtect(pPatchTarget, patchSize, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, &oldProtect))
+        return MH_ERROR_MEMORY_PROTECT;
+
+    if (enable)
+    {
+        PJMP_REL pJmp = (PJMP_REL)pPatchTarget;
+        pJmp->opcode = 0xE9;
+        pJmp->operand = (UINT32)((LPBYTE)pHook->pDetour - (pPatchTarget + sizeof(JMP_REL)));
+
+        if (pHook->patchAbove)
+        {
+            PJMP_REL_SHORT pShortJmp = (PJMP_REL_SHORT)pHook->pTarget;
+            pShortJmp->opcode = 0xEB;
+            pShortJmp->operand = (UINT8)(0 - (sizeof(JMP_REL_SHORT) + sizeof(JMP_REL)));
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        if (pHook->patchAbove)
+            memcpy(pPatchTarget, pHook->backup, sizeof(JMP_REL) + sizeof(JMP_REL_SHORT));
+        else
+            memcpy(pPatchTarget, pHook->backup, sizeof(JMP_REL));
+    }
+
+    VirtualProtect(pPatchTarget, patchSize, oldProtect, &oldProtect);
+
+    // Just-in-case measure.
+    FlushInstructionCache(GetCurrentProcess(), pPatchTarget, patchSize);
+
+    pHook->isEnabled   = enable;
+    pHook->queueEnable = enable;
+
+    return MH_OK;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static MH_STATUS EnableAllHooksLL(BOOL enable)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+    UINT i, first = INVALID_HOOK_POS;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < g_hooks.size; ++i)
+    {
+        if (g_hooks.pItems[i].isEnabled != enable)
+        {
+            first = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (first != INVALID_HOOK_POS)
+    {
+        FROZEN_THREADS threads;
+        Freeze(&threads, ALL_HOOKS_POS, enable ? ACTION_ENABLE : ACTION_DISABLE);
+
+        for (i = first; i < g_hooks.size; ++i)
+        {
+            if (g_hooks.pItems[i].isEnabled != enable)
+            {
+                status = EnableHookLL(i, enable);
+                if (status != MH_OK)
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        Unfreeze(&threads);
+    }
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static VOID EnterSpinLock(VOID)
+{
+    SIZE_T spinCount = 0;
+
+    // Wait until the flag is FALSE.
+    while (InterlockedCompareExchange(&g_isLocked, TRUE, FALSE) != FALSE)
+    {
+        // No need to generate a memory barrier here, since InterlockedCompareExchange()
+        // generates a full memory barrier itself.
+
+        // Prevent the loop from being too busy.
+        if (spinCount < 32)
+            Sleep(0);
+        else
+            Sleep(1);
+
+        spinCount++;
+    }
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static VOID LeaveSpinLock(VOID)
+{
+    // No need to generate a memory barrier here, since InterlockedExchange()
+    // generates a full memory barrier itself.
+
+    InterlockedExchange(&g_isLocked, FALSE);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_Initialize(VOID)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+
+    EnterSpinLock();
+
+    if (g_hHeap == NULL)
+    {
+        g_hHeap = HeapCreate(0, 0, 0);
+        if (g_hHeap != NULL)
+        {
+            // Initialize the internal function buffer.
+            InitializeBuffer();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            status = MH_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOC;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        status = MH_ERROR_ALREADY_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    LeaveSpinLock();
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_Uninitialize(VOID)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+
+    EnterSpinLock();
+
+    if (g_hHeap != NULL)
+    {
+        status = EnableAllHooksLL(FALSE);
+        if (status == MH_OK)
+        {
+            // Free the internal function buffer.
+
+            // HeapFree is actually not required, but some tools detect a false
+            // memory leak without HeapFree.
+
+            UninitializeBuffer();
+
+            HeapFree(g_hHeap, 0, g_hooks.pItems);
+            HeapDestroy(g_hHeap);
+
+            g_hHeap = NULL;
+
+            g_hooks.pItems   = NULL;
+            g_hooks.capacity = 0;
+            g_hooks.size     = 0;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        status = MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    LeaveSpinLock();
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_CreateHook(LPVOID pTarget, LPVOID pDetour, LPVOID *ppOriginal)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+
+    EnterSpinLock();
+
+    if (g_hHeap != NULL)
+    {
+        if (IsExecutableAddress(pTarget) && IsExecutableAddress(pDetour))
+        {
+            UINT pos = FindHookEntry(pTarget);
+            if (pos == INVALID_HOOK_POS)
+            {
+                LPVOID pBuffer = AllocateBuffer(pTarget);
+                if (pBuffer != NULL)
+                {
+                    TRAMPOLINE ct;
+
+                    ct.pTarget     = pTarget;
+                    ct.pDetour     = pDetour;
+                    ct.pTrampoline = pBuffer;
+                    if (CreateTrampolineFunction(&ct))
+                    {
+                        PHOOK_ENTRY pHook = AddHookEntry();
+                        if (pHook != NULL)
+                        {
+                            pHook->pTarget     = ct.pTarget;
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+                            pHook->pDetour     = ct.pRelay;
+#else
+                            pHook->pDetour     = ct.pDetour;
+#endif
+                            pHook->pTrampoline = ct.pTrampoline;
+                            pHook->patchAbove  = ct.patchAbove;
+                            pHook->isEnabled   = FALSE;
+                            pHook->queueEnable = FALSE;
+                            pHook->nIP         = ct.nIP;
+                            memcpy(pHook->oldIPs, ct.oldIPs, ARRAYSIZE(ct.oldIPs));
+                            memcpy(pHook->newIPs, ct.newIPs, ARRAYSIZE(ct.newIPs));
+
+                            // Back up the target function.
+
+                            if (ct.patchAbove)
+                            {
+                                memcpy(
+                                    pHook->backup,
+                                    (LPBYTE)pTarget - sizeof(JMP_REL),
+                                    sizeof(JMP_REL) + sizeof(JMP_REL_SHORT));
+                            }
+                            else
+                            {
+                                memcpy(pHook->backup, pTarget, sizeof(JMP_REL));
+                            }
+
+                            if (ppOriginal != NULL)
+                                *ppOriginal = pHook->pTrampoline;
+                        }
+                        else
+                        {
+                            status = MH_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOC;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else
+                    {
+                        status = MH_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FUNCTION;
+                    }
+
+                    if (status != MH_OK)
+                    {
+                        FreeBuffer(pBuffer);
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    status = MH_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOC;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                status = MH_ERROR_ALREADY_CREATED;
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            status = MH_ERROR_NOT_EXECUTABLE;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        status = MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    LeaveSpinLock();
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_RemoveHook(LPVOID pTarget)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+
+    EnterSpinLock();
+
+    if (g_hHeap != NULL)
+    {
+        UINT pos = FindHookEntry(pTarget);
+        if (pos != INVALID_HOOK_POS)
+        {
+            if (g_hooks.pItems[pos].isEnabled)
+            {
+                FROZEN_THREADS threads;
+                Freeze(&threads, pos, ACTION_DISABLE);
+
+                status = EnableHookLL(pos, FALSE);
+
+                Unfreeze(&threads);
+            }
+
+            if (status == MH_OK)
+            {
+                FreeBuffer(g_hooks.pItems[pos].pTrampoline);
+                DeleteHookEntry(pos);
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            status = MH_ERROR_NOT_CREATED;
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        status = MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    LeaveSpinLock();
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static MH_STATUS EnableHook(LPVOID pTarget, BOOL enable)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+
+    EnterSpinLock();
+
+    if (g_hHeap != NULL)
+    {
+        if (pTarget == MH_ALL_HOOKS)
+        {
+            status = EnableAllHooksLL(enable);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            FROZEN_THREADS threads;
+            UINT pos = FindHookEntry(pTarget);
+            if (pos != INVALID_HOOK_POS)
+            {
+                if (g_hooks.pItems[pos].isEnabled != enable)
+                {
+                    Freeze(&threads, pos, ACTION_ENABLE);
+
+                    status = EnableHookLL(pos, enable);
+
+                    Unfreeze(&threads);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    status = enable ? MH_ERROR_ENABLED : MH_ERROR_DISABLED;
+                }
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                status = MH_ERROR_NOT_CREATED;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        status = MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    LeaveSpinLock();
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_EnableHook(LPVOID pTarget)
+{
+    return EnableHook(pTarget, TRUE);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_DisableHook(LPVOID pTarget)
+{
+    return EnableHook(pTarget, FALSE);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static MH_STATUS QueueHook(LPVOID pTarget, BOOL queueEnable)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+
+    EnterSpinLock();
+
+    if (g_hHeap != NULL)
+    {
+        if (pTarget == MH_ALL_HOOKS)
+        {
+            UINT i;
+            for (i = 0; i < g_hooks.size; ++i)
+                g_hooks.pItems[i].queueEnable = queueEnable;
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            UINT pos = FindHookEntry(pTarget);
+            if (pos != INVALID_HOOK_POS)
+            {
+                g_hooks.pItems[pos].queueEnable = queueEnable;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                status = MH_ERROR_NOT_CREATED;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        status = MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    LeaveSpinLock();
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_QueueEnableHook(LPVOID pTarget)
+{
+    return QueueHook(pTarget, TRUE);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_QueueDisableHook(LPVOID pTarget)
+{
+    return QueueHook(pTarget, FALSE);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_ApplyQueued(VOID)
+{
+    MH_STATUS status = MH_OK;
+    UINT i, first = INVALID_HOOK_POS;
+
+    EnterSpinLock();
+
+    if (g_hHeap != NULL)
+    {
+        for (i = 0; i < g_hooks.size; ++i)
+        {
+            if (g_hooks.pItems[i].isEnabled != g_hooks.pItems[i].queueEnable)
+            {
+                first = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (first != INVALID_HOOK_POS)
+        {
+            FROZEN_THREADS threads;
+            Freeze(&threads, ALL_HOOKS_POS, ACTION_APPLY_QUEUED);
+
+            for (i = first; i < g_hooks.size; ++i)
+            {
+                PHOOK_ENTRY pHook = &g_hooks.pItems[i];
+                if (pHook->isEnabled != pHook->queueEnable)
+                {
+                    status = EnableHookLL(i, pHook->queueEnable);
+                    if (status != MH_OK)
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            Unfreeze(&threads);
+        }
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        status = MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    LeaveSpinLock();
+
+    return status;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_CreateHookApiEx(
+    LPCWSTR pszModule, LPCSTR pszProcName, LPVOID pDetour,
+    LPVOID *ppOriginal, LPVOID *ppTarget)
+{
+    HMODULE hModule;
+    LPVOID  pTarget;
+
+    hModule = GetModuleHandleW(pszModule);
+    if (hModule == NULL)
+        return MH_ERROR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND;
+
+    pTarget = (LPVOID)GetProcAddress(hModule, pszProcName);
+    if (pTarget == NULL)
+        return MH_ERROR_FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND;
+
+    if(ppTarget != NULL)
+        *ppTarget = pTarget;
+
+    return MH_CreateHook(pTarget, pDetour, ppOriginal);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+MH_STATUS WINAPI MH_CreateHookApi(
+    LPCWSTR pszModule, LPCSTR pszProcName, LPVOID pDetour, LPVOID *ppOriginal)
+{
+   return MH_CreateHookApiEx(pszModule, pszProcName, pDetour, ppOriginal, NULL);
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+const char * WINAPI MH_StatusToString(MH_STATUS status)
+{
+#define MH_ST2STR(x)    \
+    case x:             \
+        return #x;
+
+    switch (status) {
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_UNKNOWN)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_OK)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_ALREADY_INITIALIZED)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_NOT_INITIALIZED)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_ALREADY_CREATED)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_NOT_CREATED)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_ENABLED)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_DISABLED)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_NOT_EXECUTABLE)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_FUNCTION)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_MEMORY_ALLOC)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_MEMORY_PROTECT)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND)
+        MH_ST2STR(MH_ERROR_FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND)
+    }
+
+#undef MH_ST2STR
+
+    return "(unknown)";
+}
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/trampoline.c b/external/minhook/src/trampoline.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28fec29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/trampoline.c
@@ -0,0 +1,317 @@
+/*
+ *  MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+ *  Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ *  are met:
+ *
+ *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ *  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ *  TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ *  PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+ *  OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ *  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ *  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ *  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ *  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ *  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <intrin.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#ifndef ARRAYSIZE
+    #define ARRAYSIZE(A) (sizeof(A)/sizeof((A)[0]))
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    #include "./hde/hde64.h"
+    typedef hde64s HDE;
+    #define HDE_DISASM(code, hs) hde64_disasm(code, hs)
+#else
+    #include "./hde/hde32.h"
+    typedef hde32s HDE;
+    #define HDE_DISASM(code, hs) hde32_disasm(code, hs)
+#endif
+
+#include "trampoline.h"
+#include "buffer.h"
+
+// Maximum size of a trampoline function.
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    #define TRAMPOLINE_MAX_SIZE (MEMORY_SLOT_SIZE - sizeof(JMP_ABS))
+#else
+    #define TRAMPOLINE_MAX_SIZE MEMORY_SLOT_SIZE
+#endif
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static BOOL IsCodePadding(LPBYTE pInst, UINT size)
+{
+    UINT i;
+
+    if (pInst[0] != 0x00 && pInst[0] != 0x90 && pInst[0] != 0xCC)
+        return FALSE;
+
+    for (i = 1; i < size; ++i)
+    {
+        if (pInst[i] != pInst[0])
+            return FALSE;
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+BOOL CreateTrampolineFunction(PTRAMPOLINE ct)
+{
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    CALL_ABS call = {
+        0xFF, 0x15, 0x00000002, // FF15 00000002: CALL [RIP+8]
+        0xEB, 0x08,             // EB 08:         JMP +10
+        0x0000000000000000ULL   // Absolute destination address
+    };
+    JMP_ABS jmp = {
+        0xFF, 0x25, 0x00000000, // FF25 00000000: JMP [RIP+6]
+        0x0000000000000000ULL   // Absolute destination address
+    };
+    JCC_ABS jcc = {
+        0x70, 0x0E,             // 7* 0E:         J** +16
+        0xFF, 0x25, 0x00000000, // FF25 00000000: JMP [RIP+6]
+        0x0000000000000000ULL   // Absolute destination address
+    };
+#else
+    CALL_REL call = {
+        0xE8,                   // E8 xxxxxxxx: CALL +5+xxxxxxxx
+        0x00000000              // Relative destination address
+    };
+    JMP_REL jmp = {
+        0xE9,                   // E9 xxxxxxxx: JMP +5+xxxxxxxx
+        0x00000000              // Relative destination address
+    };
+    JCC_REL jcc = {
+        0x0F, 0x80,             // 0F8* xxxxxxxx: J** +6+xxxxxxxx
+        0x00000000              // Relative destination address
+    };
+#endif
+
+    UINT8     oldPos   = 0;
+    UINT8     newPos   = 0;
+    ULONG_PTR jmpDest  = 0;     // Destination address of an internal jump.
+    BOOL      finished = FALSE; // Is the function completed?
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    UINT8     instBuf[16];
+#endif
+
+    ct->patchAbove = FALSE;
+    ct->nIP        = 0;
+
+    do
+    {
+        HDE       hs;
+        UINT      copySize;
+        LPVOID    pCopySrc;
+        ULONG_PTR pOldInst = (ULONG_PTR)ct->pTarget     + oldPos;
+        ULONG_PTR pNewInst = (ULONG_PTR)ct->pTrampoline + newPos;
+
+        copySize = HDE_DISASM((LPVOID)pOldInst, &hs);
+        if (hs.flags & F_ERROR)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        pCopySrc = (LPVOID)pOldInst;
+        if (oldPos >= sizeof(JMP_REL))
+        {
+            // The trampoline function is long enough.
+            // Complete the function with the jump to the target function.
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+            jmp.address = pOldInst;
+#else
+            jmp.operand = (UINT32)(pOldInst - (pNewInst + sizeof(jmp)));
+#endif
+            pCopySrc = &jmp;
+            copySize = sizeof(jmp);
+
+            finished = TRUE;
+        }
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+        else if ((hs.modrm & 0xC7) == 0x05)
+        {
+            // Instructions using RIP relative addressing. (ModR/M = 00???101B)
+
+            // Modify the RIP relative address.
+            PUINT32 pRelAddr;
+
+            // Avoid using memcpy to reduce the footprint.
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+            memcpy(instBuf, (LPBYTE)pOldInst, copySize);
+#else
+            __movsb(instBuf, (LPBYTE)pOldInst, copySize);
+#endif
+            pCopySrc = instBuf;
+
+            // Relative address is stored at (instruction length - immediate value length - 4).
+            pRelAddr = (PUINT32)(instBuf + hs.len - ((hs.flags & 0x3C) >> 2) - 4);
+            *pRelAddr
+                = (UINT32)((pOldInst + hs.len + (INT32)hs.disp.disp32) - (pNewInst + hs.len));
+
+            // Complete the function if JMP (FF /4).
+            if (hs.opcode == 0xFF && hs.modrm_reg == 4)
+                finished = TRUE;
+        }
+#endif
+        else if (hs.opcode == 0xE8)
+        {
+            // Direct relative CALL
+            ULONG_PTR dest = pOldInst + hs.len + (INT32)hs.imm.imm32;
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+            call.address = dest;
+#else
+            call.operand = (UINT32)(dest - (pNewInst + sizeof(call)));
+#endif
+            pCopySrc = &call;
+            copySize = sizeof(call);
+        }
+        else if ((hs.opcode & 0xFD) == 0xE9)
+        {
+            // Direct relative JMP (EB or E9)
+            ULONG_PTR dest = pOldInst + hs.len;
+
+            if (hs.opcode == 0xEB) // isShort jmp
+                dest += (INT8)hs.imm.imm8;
+            else
+                dest += (INT32)hs.imm.imm32;
+
+            // Simply copy an internal jump.
+            if ((ULONG_PTR)ct->pTarget <= dest
+                && dest < ((ULONG_PTR)ct->pTarget + sizeof(JMP_REL)))
+            {
+                if (jmpDest < dest)
+                    jmpDest = dest;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+                jmp.address = dest;
+#else
+                jmp.operand = (UINT32)(dest - (pNewInst + sizeof(jmp)));
+#endif
+                pCopySrc = &jmp;
+                copySize = sizeof(jmp);
+
+                // Exit the function If it is not in the branch
+                finished = (pOldInst >= jmpDest);
+            }
+        }
+        else if ((hs.opcode & 0xF0) == 0x70
+            || (hs.opcode & 0xFC) == 0xE0
+            || (hs.opcode2 & 0xF0) == 0x80)
+        {
+            // Direct relative Jcc
+            ULONG_PTR dest = pOldInst + hs.len;
+
+            if ((hs.opcode & 0xF0) == 0x70      // Jcc
+                || (hs.opcode & 0xFC) == 0xE0)  // LOOPNZ/LOOPZ/LOOP/JECXZ
+                dest += (INT8)hs.imm.imm8;
+            else
+                dest += (INT32)hs.imm.imm32;
+
+            // Simply copy an internal jump.
+            if ((ULONG_PTR)ct->pTarget <= dest
+                && dest < ((ULONG_PTR)ct->pTarget + sizeof(JMP_REL)))
+            {
+                if (jmpDest < dest)
+                    jmpDest = dest;
+            }
+            else if ((hs.opcode & 0xFC) == 0xE0)
+            {
+                // LOOPNZ/LOOPZ/LOOP/JCXZ/JECXZ to the outside are not supported.
+                return FALSE;
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                UINT8 cond = ((hs.opcode != 0x0F ? hs.opcode : hs.opcode2) & 0x0F);
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+                // Invert the condition in x64 mode to simplify the conditional jump logic.
+                jcc.opcode  = 0x71 ^ cond;
+                jcc.address = dest;
+#else
+                jcc.opcode1 = 0x80 | cond;
+                jcc.operand = (UINT32)(dest - (pNewInst + sizeof(jcc)));
+#endif
+                pCopySrc = &jcc;
+                copySize = sizeof(jcc);
+            }
+        }
+        else if ((hs.opcode & 0xFE) == 0xC2)
+        {
+            // RET (C2 or C3)
+
+            // Complete the function if not in a branch.
+            finished = (pOldInst >= jmpDest);
+        }
+
+        // Can't alter the instruction length in a branch.
+        if (pOldInst < jmpDest && copySize != hs.len)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        // Trampoline function is too large.
+        if ((newPos + copySize) > TRAMPOLINE_MAX_SIZE)
+            return FALSE;
+
+        // Trampoline function has too many instructions.
+        if (ct->nIP >= ARRAYSIZE(ct->oldIPs))
+            return FALSE;
+
+        ct->oldIPs[ct->nIP] = oldPos;
+        ct->newIPs[ct->nIP] = newPos;
+        ct->nIP++;
+
+        // Avoid using memcpy to reduce the footprint.
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+        memcpy((LPBYTE)ct->pTrampoline + newPos, pCopySrc, copySize);
+#else
+        __movsb((LPBYTE)ct->pTrampoline + newPos, pCopySrc, copySize);
+#endif
+        newPos += copySize;
+        oldPos += hs.len;
+    }
+    while (!finished);
+
+    // Is there enough place for a long jump?
+    if (oldPos < sizeof(JMP_REL)
+        && !IsCodePadding((LPBYTE)ct->pTarget + oldPos, sizeof(JMP_REL) - oldPos))
+    {
+        // Is there enough place for a short jump?
+        if (oldPos < sizeof(JMP_REL_SHORT)
+            && !IsCodePadding((LPBYTE)ct->pTarget + oldPos, sizeof(JMP_REL_SHORT) - oldPos))
+        {
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        // Can we place the long jump above the function?
+        if (!IsExecutableAddress((LPBYTE)ct->pTarget - sizeof(JMP_REL)))
+            return FALSE;
+
+        if (!IsCodePadding((LPBYTE)ct->pTarget - sizeof(JMP_REL), sizeof(JMP_REL)))
+            return FALSE;
+
+        ct->patchAbove = TRUE;
+    }
+
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    // Create a relay function.
+    jmp.address = (ULONG_PTR)ct->pDetour;
+
+    ct->pRelay = (LPBYTE)ct->pTrampoline + newPos;
+    memcpy(ct->pRelay, &jmp, sizeof(jmp));
+#endif
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
diff --git a/external/minhook/src/trampoline.h b/external/minhook/src/trampoline.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bdffdac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/minhook/src/trampoline.h
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*
+ *  MinHook - The Minimalistic API Hooking Library for x64/x86
+ *  Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+ *  All rights reserved.
+ *
+ *  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ *  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ *  are met:
+ *
+ *   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ *  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ *  "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ *  TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+ *  PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+ *  OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ *  EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ *  PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ *  PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ *  LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ *  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ *  SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+
+// Structs for writing x86/x64 instructions.
+
+// 8-bit relative jump.
+typedef struct _JMP_REL_SHORT
+{
+    UINT8  opcode;      // EB xx: JMP +2+xx
+    UINT8  operand;
+} JMP_REL_SHORT, *PJMP_REL_SHORT;
+
+// 32-bit direct relative jump/call.
+typedef struct _JMP_REL
+{
+    UINT8  opcode;      // E9/E8 xxxxxxxx: JMP/CALL +5+xxxxxxxx
+    UINT32 operand;     // Relative destination address
+} JMP_REL, *PJMP_REL, CALL_REL;
+
+// 64-bit indirect absolute jump.
+typedef struct _JMP_ABS
+{
+    UINT8  opcode0;     // FF25 00000000: JMP [+6]
+    UINT8  opcode1;
+    UINT32 dummy;
+    UINT64 address;     // Absolute destination address
+} JMP_ABS, *PJMP_ABS;
+
+// 64-bit indirect absolute call.
+typedef struct _CALL_ABS
+{
+    UINT8  opcode0;     // FF15 00000002: CALL [+6]
+    UINT8  opcode1;
+    UINT32 dummy0;
+    UINT8  dummy1;      // EB 08:         JMP +10
+    UINT8  dummy2;
+    UINT64 address;     // Absolute destination address
+} CALL_ABS;
+
+// 32-bit direct relative conditional jumps.
+typedef struct _JCC_REL
+{
+    UINT8  opcode0;     // 0F8* xxxxxxxx: J** +6+xxxxxxxx
+    UINT8  opcode1;
+    UINT32 operand;     // Relative destination address
+} JCC_REL;
+
+// 64bit indirect absolute conditional jumps that x64 lacks.
+typedef struct _JCC_ABS
+{
+    UINT8  opcode;      // 7* 0E:         J** +16
+    UINT8  dummy0;
+    UINT8  dummy1;      // FF25 00000000: JMP [+6]
+    UINT8  dummy2;
+    UINT32 dummy3;
+    UINT64 address;     // Absolute destination address
+} JCC_ABS;
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+typedef struct _TRAMPOLINE
+{
+    LPVOID pTarget;         // [In] Address of the target function.
+    LPVOID pDetour;         // [In] Address of the detour function.
+    LPVOID pTrampoline;     // [In] Buffer address for the trampoline and relay function.
+
+#if defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+    LPVOID pRelay;          // [Out] Address of the relay function.
+#endif
+    BOOL   patchAbove;      // [Out] Should use the hot patch area?
+    UINT   nIP;             // [Out] Number of the instruction boundaries.
+    UINT8  oldIPs[8];       // [Out] Instruction boundaries of the target function.
+    UINT8  newIPs[8];       // [Out] Instruction boundaries of the trampoline function.
+} TRAMPOLINE, *PTRAMPOLINE;
+
+BOOL CreateTrampolineFunction(PTRAMPOLINE ct);
diff --git a/external/nvapi/License.txt b/external/nvapi/License.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b182a2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/License.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+SOFTWARE DEVELOPER KITS, SAMPLES AND TOOLS LICENSE AGREEMENT 
+
+This Software Developer Kits, Samples and Tools License Agreement ("Agreement�) is a legal agreement between you and NVIDIA Corporation (“NVIDIA�) and governs the use of the following NVIDIA deliverables to the extent provided to you under this Agreement: API’s, sample source code, header files, binary software and/or documentation (collectively, "Licensed Software").  This Agreement can be accepted only by an adult of legal age of majority in the country in which the Licensed Software is used.  If you are under the legal age of majority, you must ask your parent or legal guardian to consent to this Agreement.  If you are entering this Agreement on behalf of a company or other legal entity, you represent that you have legal authority and “you� will mean the entity you represent.  If you don’t have such authority, or if you don’t accept all the terms and conditions of this Agreement, then NVIDIA is unwilling to license the Licensed Software to you, and you may not download, install, copy or use it. By using the Licensed Software, you affirm that you have reached the legal age of majority, you accept the terms of this Agreement, and you take legal and financial responsibility for the actions of your permitted users.
+
+You agree that use of the Licensed Materials only for purposes that are permitted by (a) this Agreement, and (b) any applicable law, regulation or generally accepted practices or guidelines in the relevant jurisdiction.  
+
+1.	LICENSE.  
+ 
+1.1	License Grant. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, NVIDIA hereby grants you a nonexclusive, non-transferable, worldwide, revocable, limited, royalty-free, fully paid-up license to during the term of this Agreement: 
+(i)	install, use and reproduce the software delivered by NVIDIA, make modifications and create derivative works of sample source code software delivered by NVIDIA and use documentation delivered by NVIDIA, provided that the software is executed only in supported NVIDIA GPU hardware products (as specified in the accompanying documentation, such as release notes) that you separately obtain from NVIDIA or its affiliates, all to develop, test and service your products (each, a “Customer Product�) that are interoperable with supported NVIDIA GPU hardware products; and  
+(ii)	sub-license and distribute in binary format the API library software and header files as delivered by NVIDIA and sample source code as delivered by NVIDIA or as modified by you, all as incorporated into a Customer Product for use by your recipients only in the supported NVIDIA GPU hardware products separately obtained, provided that: (a) all such distributions by you or your distribution channels are consistent with the terms of this Agreement; and (b) you must enter into enforceable agreements with your recipients that binds them to terms that are consistent with the terms set forth in this Agreement for their use of the software binaries, including (without limitation) terms relating to the license grant and license restrictions, confidentiality and protection of NVIDIA’s intellectual property rights in and to the software you distributed. You are liable for the distribution and the use of distributed software if you failed to comply or enforce the distribution requirements of this Agreement. You agree to notify NVIDIA in writing of any known or suspected use or distribution of the Licensed Software that are not in compliance with the terms of this Agreement.  
+ 
+1.2	Enterprise and Contractor Usage. Under this Agreement you may allow (i) your Enterprise employees, and (ii) individuals who work primarily for your Enterprise on a contractor basis and from your secure network (each a "Contractor") to access and use the Licensed Software pursuant to the terms in Section 1 solely to perform work on your behalf, provided further that with respect to Contractors: (i) you obtain a written agreement from the Contractor which contains terms and obligations with respect to access to or use of Licensed Software no less protective of NVIDIA than those set forth in this Agreement, and (ii) such Contractor’s access and use expressly excludes any sublicensing or distribution rights for the Licensed Software. You are responsible for the compliance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement by your Enterprise and Contractors. Any act or omission that if committed by you would constitute a breach of this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute a breach of this Agreement if committed by your Enterprise or Contractors. “Enterprise� means you or any company or legal entity for which you accepted the terms of this Agreement, and their subsidiaries of which your company or legal entity owns more than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding equity. 
+ 
+1.3	No Support. NVIDIA is under no obligation to provide support for the Licensed Software or to provide any error corrections or updates to the Licensed Software under this Agreement. 
+ 
+2.	LIMITATIONS. 
+ 
+2.1	License Restrictions. Except as expressly authorized in this Agreement, you agree that you will not (nor allow third parties to): (i) copy and use software that was licensed to you for use in one or more devices in other unlicensed devices (provided that copies solely for backup purposes are allowed); (ii) reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble (except to the extent applicable laws specifically requires that such activities be permitted) or attempt to derive the source code, underlying ideas, algorithm or structure of software provided to you in object code form; (iii) sell, transfer, assign, distribute, rent, loan, lease, sublicense or otherwise make available the Licensed Software or its functionality to third parties (a) as an application services provider or service bureau, (b) by operating hosted/virtual system environments, (c) by hosting, time sharing or providing any other type of services, or (d) otherwise by means of the internet; (iv) modify, translate or otherwise create any modifications or derivative works of any of the Licensed Software; (v) remove, alter, cover or obscure any proprietary notice that appears on or with the Licensed Software or any copies thereof; (vi) use the Licensed Software, or allow its use, transfer, transmission or export in violation of any export control laws or regulations administered by the United States government; (vii) distribute, permit access to, or sublicense the Licensed Software as a stand-alone product; (viii) bypass, disable, circumvent or remove any form of copy protection, encryption, security or digital rights management or authentication mechanism used by NVIDIA in connection with the Licensed Software, or use the Licensed Software together with any authorization code, serial number, or other copy protection device not supplied by NVIDIA directly or through an authorized reseller; (ix) use the Licensed Software for the purpose of developing competing products or technologies or assisting a third party in such activities; (x) disclose the results of any benchmarking or other competitive analysis relating to the Licensed Software without the prior written permission from NVIDIA; (xi) distribute any modification you make to software under or by reference to the same name as used by NVIDIA; (xii) use the Licensed Software in any manner that would cause the Licensed Software to become subject to an Open Source License. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed to give you a right to use, or otherwise obtain access to, any source code from which the software or any portion thereof is compiled or interpreted. “Open Source License� includes, without limitation, a software license that requires as a condition of use, modification, and/or distribution of such software that the software be (x) disclosed or distributed in source code form; (y) be licensed for the purpose of making derivative works; or (z) be redistributable at no charge. 
+ 
+2.2	Third Party License Obligations.  You acknowledge and agree that the Licensed Software may include or incorporate third party technology (collectively “Third Party Components�), which is provided for use in or with the software and not otherwise used separately. If the Licensed Software includes or incorporates Third Party Components, then the third-party pass-through terms and conditions (“Third Party Terms�) for the particular Third Party Component will be bundled with the software or otherwise made available online as indicated by NVIDIA and will be incorporated by reference into this Agreement. In the event of any conflict between the terms in this Agreement and the Third Party Terms, the Third Party Terms shall govern. Copyright to Third Party Components are held by the copyright holders indicated in the copyright notices indicated in the Third Party Terms.  
+ 
+Audio/Video Encoders and Decoders. You acknowledge and agree that it is your sole responsibility to obtain any additional third party licenses required to make, have made, use, have used, sell, import, and offer for sale your products or services that include or incorporate any Third Party Components and content relating to audio and/or video encoders and decoders from, including but not limited to, Microsoft, Thomson, Fraunhofer IIS, Sisvel S.p.A., MPEG-LA, and Coding Technologies as NVIDIA does not grant to you under this Agreement any necessary patent rights with respect to audio and/or video encoders and decoders.  
+ 
+2.3	Limited Rights. Your rights in the Licensed Software are limited to those expressly granted in Section 1 and no other licenses are granted whether by implication, estoppel or otherwise. NVIDIA reserves all other rights, title and interest in and to the Licensed Software not expressly granted to you under this Agreement. 
+ 
+3.	CONFIDENTIALITY. Each party will not use the other party’s Confidential Information, except as necessary for the performance of this Agreement, and will not disclose such Confidential Information to any third party, except to NVIDIA personnel, you, your Enterprise and your Enterprise Contractors that have a need to know such Confidential Information for the performance of this Agreement, provided that each such personnel, employee and Contractor is subject to a written agreement that includes confidentiality obligations consistent with those set forth herein. Each party will use all reasonable efforts to maintain the confidentiality of all of the other party’s Confidential Information in its possession or control, but in no event less than the efforts that it ordinarily uses with respect to its own Confidential Information of similar nature and importance. The foregoing obligations will not restrict either party from disclosing the other party’s Confidential Information or the terms and conditions of this Agreement as required under applicable securities regulations or pursuant to the order or requirement of a court, administrative agency, or other governmental body, provided that the party required to make such a disclosure (i) gives reasonable notice to the other party to enable it to contest such order or requirement prior to its disclosure (whether through protective orders or otherwise), (ii) uses reasonable effort to obtain confidential treatment or similar protection to the fullest extent possible to avoid public disclosure, and (iii) discloses only the minimum amount of information necessary to comply with such requirements.  
+ 
+“Confidential Information� means the Licensed Software (unless made publicly available by NVIDIA without confidentiality obligations), and any NVIDIA business, marketing, pricing, research and development, know-how, technical, scientific, financial status, proposed new products or other information disclosed by NVIDIA to you which, at the time of disclosure, is designated in writing as confidential or proprietary (or like written designation), or orally identified as confidential or proprietary or is otherwise reasonably identifiable by parties exercising reasonable business judgment as confidential. Confidential Information does not and will not include information that: (i) is or becomes generally known to the public through no fault of or breach of this Agreement by the receiving party; (ii) is rightfully known by the receiving party at the time of disclosure without an obligation of confidentiality; (iii) is independently developed by the receiving party without use of the disclosing party’s Confidential Information; or (iv) is rightfully obtained by the receiving party from a third party without restriction on use or disclosure. 
+ 
+4.	OWNERSHIP AND FEEDBACK.  
+ 
+4.1	Ownership of Licensed Software. The Licensed Software, and the respective intellectual property rights therein, is and will remain the sole and exclusive property of NVIDIA and its licensors, whether the Licensed Software is separate from or combined with any other products or materials. You shall not knowingly engage in any act or omission that would impair NVIDIA’s and/or its licensors’ intellectual property rights in the Licensed Software or any other materials, information, processes or subject matter proprietary to NVIDIA. NVIDIA’s licensors are intended third party beneficiaries with the right to enforce provisions of this Agreement with respect to their Confidential Information and/or intellectual property rights.  
+ 
+4.2	Modifications. You hold all rights, title and interest in and to the modifications to and derivative works of the NVIDIA sample source code software that you create as permitted hereunder, subject to NVIDIA’s underlying intellectual property rights in and to the NVIDIA software; provided, however that you grant NVIDIA and its affiliates an irrevocable, perpetual, nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty-free paid-up license to make, have made, use, have used, reproduce, sell, license, distribute, sublicense, transfer and otherwise commercialize modifications and derivative works including (without limitation) with the Licensed Software or other NVIDIA products, technologies or materials. 
+ 
+4.3	Feedback. You have no obligation to provide Feedback to NVIDIA. However, NVIDIA and its affiliates may use and include any Feedback that you provide to improve the Licensed Software or other NVIDIA products, technologies or materials. Accordingly, if you provide Feedback, you agree that NVIDIA and its affiliates may at their option, and may permit its licensees, to make, have made, use, have used, reproduce, sell, license, distribute, sublicense, transfer and otherwise commercialize the Feedback in the Licensed Software or in other products, technologies or materials without the payment of any royalties or fees to you. All Feedback becomes the sole property of NVIDIA and may be used in any manner NVIDIA sees fit, and you hereby assign to NVIDIA all of your right, title and interest in and to any Feedback. NVIDIA has no obligation to respond to Feedback or to incorporate Feedback into the Licensed Software. “Feedback� means any and all suggestions, feature requests, comments or other feedback relating to the Licensed Software, including possible enhancements or modifications thereto. 
+  
+5.	NO WARRANTIES. THE LICENSED SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NVIDIA “AS IS� AND “WITH ALL FAULTS,� AND NVIDIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND OR NATURE, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, ANY WARRANTIES OF OPERABILITY, CONDITION, VALUE, ACCURACY OF DATA, OR QUALITY, AS WELL AS ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, SYSTEM INTEGRATION, WORKMANSHIP, SUITABILITY, NON-INGRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR THE ABSENCE OF ANY DEFECTS THEREIN, WHETHER LATENT OR PATENT. NO WARRANTY IS MADE BY NVIDIA ON THE BASIS OF TRADE USAGE, COURSE OF DEALING OR COURSE OF TRADE. NVIDIA DOES NOT WARRANT THAT THE LICENSED SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE OPERATION THEREOF WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERRORFREE, OR THAT ALL ERRORS WILL BE CORRECTED. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT NVIDIA’S OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT ARE FOR THE BENEFIT OF YOU ONLY. Nothing in this warranty section affects any statutory rights of consumers or other customers to the extent that they cannot be waived or limited by contract. 
+ 
+6.	LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW NVIDIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (SUCH AS, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA OR LOSS OF GOODWILL), OR THE COSTS OF PROCURING SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE, WHETHER SUCH LIABILITY ARISES FROM ANY CLAIM BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR ANY OTHER CAUSE OF ACTION OR THEORY OF LIABILITY. IN NO EVENT WILL NVIDIA’S TOTAL CUMULATIVE LIABILITY UNDER OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE GREATER OF THE NET AMOUNT NVIDIA RECEIVED FOR YOUR USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (US $100). THE NATURE OF THE LIABILITY, THE NUMBER OF CLAIMS OR SUITS OR THE NUMBER OF PARTIES WITHIN YOUR ENTERPRISE THAT ACCEPTED THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL NOT ENLARGE OR EXTEND THIS LIMIT. THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY REGARDLESS OF WHETHER NVIDIA OR ITS LICENSORS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER ANY REMEDY FAILS ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. 
+ 
+7.	TERM AND TERMINATION. This Agreement and your licenses hereunder shall become effective upon the Effective Date and shall remain in effect unless and until terminated as follows: (i) automatically if you breach any of the terms of this Agreement; or (ii) by either party upon written notice if the other party becomes the subject of a voluntary or involuntary petition in bankruptcy or any proceeding relating to insolvency, receivership, liquidation or composition for the benefit of creditors, if that petition or proceeding is not dismissed with prejudice within sixty (60) days after filing, or if a party ceases to do business; (iii) by you, upon ceasing to use the Licensed Software provided under this Agreement; or (iv) by NVIDIA upon written notice if you commence or participate in any legal proceeding against NVIDIA, with respect to the Licensed Software that is the subject of the proceeding during the pendency of such legal proceeding. Termination of this Agreement shall not release the parties from any liability which, at the time of termination, has already accrued or which thereafter may accrue with respect to any act or omission before termination, or from any obligation which is expressly stated in this Agreement to survive termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the party terminating this Agreement shall incur no additional liability merely by virtue of such termination. Termination of this Agreement regardless of cause or nature shall be without prejudice to any other rights or remedies of the parties and shall be without liability for any loss or damage occasioned thereby. Upon any expiration or termination of this Agreement (i) you must promptly discontinue use of the Licensed Software, and (ii) you must promptly destroy or return to NVIDIA all copies of the Licensed Software and all portions thereof in your possession or control, and each party will promptly destroy or return to the other all of the other party’s Confidential Information within its possession or control, provided that your prior distributions in accordance with this Agreement are not affected by the expiration or termination of this Agreement. Upon written request, you will certify in writing that you have complied with your obligations under this section. Sections 2 through 8 will survive the expiration or termination of this Agreement for any reason. 
+ 
+8.	MISCELLANEOUS. 
+ 
+8.1	NVIDIA Entities. NVIDIA Corporation and its subsidiaries, including, but not limited to, NVIDIA Singapore Pte Ltd., have agreed to their respective rights and obligations regarding the distribution of the Licensed Software and the performance of obligations related to the Licensed Software. Ordering and delivery shall be with the NVIDIA entity with distribution rights for the geographic region in which the Licensed Software will be used, as communicated by NVIDIA to you.  
+ 
+8.2	Audit. During the term of this Agreement and for a period of three (3) years thereafter, you will maintain complete and accurate books and records regarding use of the Licensed Software and your performance and administration of this Agreement.  During such period and upon written notice to you, NVIDIA or its authorized third party auditors subject to confidentiality obligations will have the right to inspect and audit your Enterprise books and records for the purpose of confirming your compliance with the terms of this Agreement. Any such inspection and audit will be conducted during regular business hours, in a manner that minimizes interference with your normal business activities, and no more frequent than annually unless non-compliance was previously found. If such an inspection and audit reveals an underpayment of any amounts payable to NVIDIA, then you will promptly remit the full amount of such underpayment to NVIDIA, including interest that will accrue (without the requirement of a notice) at the lower of 1.5% per month or the highest rate permissible by law. If the underpaid amount exceeds five percent (5%) of the amounts payable to NVIDIA for the period audited and/or such an inspection and audit reveals a material non-conformance with the terms of this Agreement, then you will also pay NVIDIA’s reasonable costs of conducting the inspection and audit. Further, you agree that the party delivering the Licensed Software to you may collect and disclose to NVIDIA (subject to confidentiality obligations) information for NVIDIA to verify your compliance with the terms of this Agreement including (without limitation) information regarding your usage of the Licensed Software. 
+ 
+8.3	Trademarks. You are granted no rights to use any of NVIDIA's trademarks under this Agreement. NVIDIA's trademarks include company names, product or service names, marks, logos, designs and trade dress. You may not remove, alter, or add to any of NVIDIA's trademarks that appear in or as part of the Licensed Software. 
+ 
+8.4	Indemnity. You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless NVIDIA and its affiliates, and their respective employees, contractors, agents, officers and directors, from and against any and all claims, damages, obligations, losses, liabilities, costs or debt, fines, restitutions and expenses (including but not limited to attorney’s fees and costs incident to establishing the right of indemnification) arising out of or related to you and your Enterprise, and their respective employees, contractors, agents, officers and directors: (i) use of a Licensed Software with any system or application where the use or failure of such system or application can reasonably be expected to threaten or result in personal injury, death, or catastrophic loss including, for example, use in connection with any nuclear, avionics, navigation, military, medical, life support or other life critical application; (ii) violation of any third party right, including without limitation any right of privacy or intellectual property rights; (iii) failure to comply with any applicable export and import laws, rules or regulations; or (iv) negligence or willful misconduct. 
+ 
+8.5	Injunctive Relief. The parties agree that a breach of any of the promises or agreements contained in this Agreement may result in irreparable and continuing injury for which monetary damages would not be an adequate remedy and therefore the parties are entitled to seek injunctive relief as well as such other and further relief as may be appropriate. 
+ 
+8.6	Waiver. The failure by either party to enforce its rights under this Agreement at any time for any period will not constitute a waiver of future enforcement of that right or any other right. Any waiver will be effective only if in writing and signed by duly authorized representatives of each party. 
+ 
+8.7	Severability. If for any reason a court of competent jurisdiction finds any provision of this Agreement invalid or unenforceable, that provision of this Agreement will be enforced to the maximum extent permissible so as to effect the intent of the parties, and the other provisions of this Agreement will remain in full force and effect. 
+ 
+8.8	U.S. Government Legend. You agree and certify that you will comply with all laws, regulations, rules, and other requirements applicable to transaction(s) with any government(s) occurring pursuant to this Agreement and all related matters. The Licensed Software has been developed entirely at private expense and is “commercial items� consisting of “commercial software� and “commercial software documentation� provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS. Use, duplication or disclosure by the U.S. Government or a U.S. Government subcontractor is subject to the restrictions set forth in this Agreement under which Licensed Software was obtained pursuant to DFARS 227.7202-3(a) or as set forth in subparagraphs (c)(1) and (2) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19, as applicable. Contractor/manufacturer is NVIDIA, 2701 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, CA 95050. 
+ 
+8.9	Force Majeure.  Neither party will be responsible for any failure or delay in its performance under this Agreement to the extent due to causes beyond its reasonable control, including, but not limited to, acts of God, fire, flood, war, earthquake, environmental conditions, governmental action, acts of civil or military authority, riots, wars, sabotage, strikes, compliance with laws or regulations, strikes, lockouts or other serious labor disputes, or shortage of or inability to obtain material or equipment for so long as such event of force majeure continues in effect. 
+ 
+8.10	Export Control. You acknowledge that the Licensed Software, technology and related documentation described under this Agreement are subject to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations (EAR) and economic sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).  You agree to comply with the EAR and OFAC regulations and all applicable international and national export and import laws. You agree not to export or re-export the Licensed Software, technology and related documentation to any destination requiring an export license or other approval under the EAR or OFAC regulations otherwise without first obtaining such export license or approval and NVIDIA’s permission. You will not, without prior governmental authorization, export or re-export NVIDIA Licensed Software, technology and related documentation, directly or indirectly, (i) to any end-user whom you know or have reason to know will utilize them in the design, development or production of nuclear, chemical or biological weapons, or rocket systems, space launch vehicles, and sounding rockets, or unmanned air vehicle systems; (ii) to any end-user who has been prohibited from participating in U.S. export transactions by any federal agency of the U.S. government; or (iii) to any countries that are subject to U.S. export restrictions (currently including, but not necessarily limited to, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan, and Syria and the Region of Crimea).   
+ 
+8.11	General. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matter hereto and supersede all prior negotiations, conversations, or discussions between the parties relating to the subject matter hereto, oral or written, and all past dealing or industry custom. Any notice delivered by NVIDIA to you under this Agreement will be delivered via mail, email or fax. Any additional and/or conflicting terms and conditions on purchase order(s) or any other documents issued by you are null, void, and invalid. This Agreement and the rights and obligations hereunder may not be assigned by you, in whole or in part, including by merger, consolidation, dissolution, operation of law, or any other manner, without written consent of NVIDIA, and any purported assignment in violation of this provision shall be void and of no effect. Each party acknowledges and agrees that the other is an independent contractor in the performance of this Agreement, and each is solely responsible for all of its employees, agents, contractors, and labor costs and expenses arising in connection therewith. This Agreement will be governed by and construed under the laws of the State of Delaware and the United States without regard to the conflicts of law provisions thereof and without regard to the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. The parties consent to the personal jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located in Santa Clara County, California. If one or more provisions of this Agreement are held to be unenforceable under applicable law, such provision shall be excluded from this Agreement and the balance of this Agreement shall be interpreted as if such provision were so excluded and shall be enforceable in accordance with its terms. Any amendment or waiver under this Agreement must be in writing and signed by representatives of both parties.  
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/nvapi/NvApiDriverSettings.h b/external/nvapi/NvApiDriverSettings.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7b116a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/NvApiDriverSettings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1198 @@
+/***************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                           *|
+|*      Copyright NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                  *|
+|*                                                                           *|
+|*   NOTICE TO USER:                                                         *|
+|*                                                                           *|
+|*   This source code is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S.       *|
+|*   and international Copyright laws.  Users and possessors of this         *|
+|*   source code are hereby granted a nonexclusive, royalty-free             *|
+|*   license to use this code in individual and commercial software.         *|
+|*                                                                           *|
+|*   NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOURCE     *|
+|*   CODE FOR ANY PURPOSE. IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR         *|
+|*   IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH      *|
+|*   REGARD TO THIS SOURCE CODE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF         *|
+|*   MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR          *|
+|*   PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL,            *|
+|*   INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, OR ANY DAMAGES          *|
+|*   WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN      *|
+|*   AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING     *|
+|*   OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE      *|
+|*   CODE.                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                           *|
+|*   U.S. Government End Users. This source code is a "commercial item"      *|
+|*   as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995), consisting       *|
+|*   of "commercial computer  software" and "commercial computer software    *|
+|*   documentation" as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995)   *|
+|*   and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.   *|
+|*   Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through        *|
+|*   227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995), all U.S. Government End Users acquire the       *|
+|*   source code with only those rights set forth herein.                    *|
+|*                                                                           *|
+|*   Any use of this source code in individual and commercial software must  *|
+|*   include, in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,   *|
+|*   the above Disclaimer and U.S. Government End Users Notice.              *|
+|*                                                                           *|
+|*                                                                           *|
+\***************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef _NVAPI_DRIVER_SETTINGS_H_
+#define _NVAPI_DRIVER_SETTINGS_H_
+
+#define OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_STRING                   L"Antialiasing - Line gamma"
+#define OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_STRING           L"OpenGL GDI compatibility"
+#define OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_STRING            L"Vulkan/OpenGL present method"
+#define OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_STRING              L"Deep color for 3D applications"
+#define OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_STRING           L"OpenGL default swap interval"
+#define OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_STRING L"OpenGL default swap interval fraction"
+#define OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_STRING      L"OpenGL default swap interval sign"
+#define OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_STRING    L"Event Log Severity Threshold"
+#define OGL_EXTENSION_STRING_VERSION_STRING        L"Extension String version"
+#define OGL_FORCE_BLIT_STRING                      L"Buffer-flipping mode"
+#define OGL_FORCE_STEREO_STRING                    L"Force Stereo shuttering"
+#define OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_STRING           L"Preferred OpenGL GPU"
+#define OGL_MAX_FRAMES_ALLOWED_STRING              L"Maximum frames allowed"
+#define OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_STRING              L"Exported Overlay pixel types"
+#define OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_STRING                 L"Enable overlay"
+#define OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_STRING            L"High level control of the rendering quality on OpenGL"
+#define OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_STRING         L"Unified back/depth buffer"
+#define OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_STRING                   L"Enable NV_gpu_multicast extension"
+#define OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_STRING                  L"Threaded optimization"
+#define OGL_TMON_LEVEL_STRING                      L"Event Log Tmon Severity Threshold"
+#define OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_STRING                   L"Triple buffering"
+#define AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_STRING                   L"Antialiasing - Behavior Flags"
+#define AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_STRING             L"Antialiasing - Transparency Multisampling"
+#define AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_STRING             L"Antialiasing - Gamma correction"
+#define AA_MODE_METHOD_STRING                      L"Antialiasing - Setting"
+#define AA_MODE_REPLAY_STRING                      L"Antialiasing - Transparency Supersampling"
+#define AA_MODE_SELECTOR_STRING                    L"Antialiasing - Mode"
+#define AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_STRING              L"Antialiasing - SLI AA"
+#define ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_STRING                    L"Anisotropic filtering setting"
+#define ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_STRING                 L"Anisotropic filtering mode"
+#define ANSEL_ALLOW_STRING                         L"NVIDIA Predefined Ansel Usage"
+#define ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED_STRING                   L"Ansel flags for enabled applications"
+#define ANSEL_ENABLE_STRING                        L"Enable Ansel"
+#define APPIDLE_DYNAMIC_FRL_FPS_STRING             L"Idle Application Max FPS Limit"
+#define APPIDLE_DYNAMIC_FRL_THRESHOLD_TIME_STRING  L"Idle Application Threshold Time out in seconds"
+#define APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_STRING L"Application Profile Notification Popup Timeout"
+#define APPLICATION_STEAM_ID_STRING                L"Steam Application ID"
+#define BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_STRING               L"Battery Boost Application FPS"
+#define CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_STRING                  L"Do not display this profile in the Control Panel"
+#define CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_STRING                  L"List of Universal GPU ids"
+#define D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_STRING                L"Maximum GPU Power"
+#define EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_STRING                L"Export Performance Counters"
+#define EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE_STRING                 L"External Quiet Mode (XQM)"
+#define FRL_FPS_STRING                             L"Frame Rate Limiter"
+#define FXAA_ALLOW_STRING                          L"NVIDIA Predefined FXAA Usage"
+#define FXAA_ENABLE_STRING                         L"Enable FXAA"
+#define FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_STRING               L"Enable FXAA Indicator"
+#define LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN_STRING         L"Autoalign flash indicator"
+#define MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_STRING                      L"SLI indicator"
+#define NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING_STRING                L"NVIDIA Quality upscaling"
+#define OPTIMUS_MAXAA_STRING                       L"Maximum AA samples allowed for a given application"
+#define PHYSXINDICATOR_STRING                      L"Display the PhysX indicator"
+#define PREFERRED_PSTATE_STRING                    L"Power management mode"
+#define PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_STRING              L"No override of Anisotropic filtering"
+#define SHIM_MAXRES_STRING                         L"Maximum resolution allowed for a given application"
+#define SHIM_MCCOMPAT_STRING                       L"Optimus flags for enabled applications"
+#define SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_STRING                 L"Enable application for Optimus"
+#define SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_STRING              L"Shim Rendering Mode Options per application for Optimus"
+#define SLI_GPU_COUNT_STRING                       L"Number of GPUs to use on SLI rendering mode"
+#define SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_STRING            L"NVIDIA predefined number of GPUs to use on SLI rendering mode"
+#define SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_STRING       L"NVIDIA predefined number of GPUs to use on SLI rendering mode on DirectX 10"
+#define SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_STRING                 L"NVIDIA predefined SLI mode"
+#define SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_STRING            L"NVIDIA predefined SLI mode on DirectX 10"
+#define SLI_RENDERING_MODE_STRING                  L"SLI rendering mode"
+#define VRPRERENDERLIMIT_STRING                    L"Virtual Reality pre-rendered frames"
+#define VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_STRING                 L"Toggle the VRR global feature"
+#define VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_STRING                 L"Display the VRR Overlay Indicator"
+#define VRRREQUESTSTATE_STRING                     L"VRR requested state"
+#define VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_STRING                    L"G-SYNC"
+#define VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_STRING      L"G-SYNC"
+#define VRR_MODE_STRING                            L"Enable G-SYNC globally"
+#define VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_STRING                      L"Flag to control smooth AFR behavior"
+#define VSYNCVRRCONTROL_STRING                     L"Variable refresh Rate"
+#define VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_STRING                L"Vsync - Behavior Flags"
+#define WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_STRING        L"Stereo - Swap eyes"
+#define WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_STRING                 L"Stereo - Display mode"
+#define WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_STRING        L"Memory Allocation Policy"
+#define WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_STRING           L"Stereo - Dongle Support"
+#define WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_STRING                  L"Stereo - Enable"
+#define WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_STRING                L"Stereo - swap mode"
+#define AO_MODE_STRING                             L"Ambient Occlusion"
+#define AO_MODE_ACTIVE_STRING                      L"NVIDIA Predefined Ambient Occlusion Usage"
+#define AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_STRING                  L"Texture filtering - Driver Controlled LOD Bias"
+#define EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY_STRING       L"Export Performance Counters for DX9 only"
+#define ICAFE_LOGO_CONFIG_STRING                   L"ICafe Settings"
+#define LODBIASADJUST_STRING                       L"Texture filtering - LOD Bias"
+#define MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE_STRING         L"Enable sample interleaving (MFAA)"
+#define PRERENDERLIMIT_STRING                      L"Maximum pre-rendered frames"
+#define PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_STRING                  L"Shader Cache"
+#define PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_DLL_PATH_WCHAR_STRING   L"shader cache path to dll"
+#define PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_STRING            L"shader cache control flags"
+#define PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_MAX_SIZE_STRING         L"Shader disk cache maximum size"
+#define PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_STRING            L"Texture filtering - Anisotropic sample optimization"
+#define PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_STRING      L"Texture filtering - Anisotropic filter optimization"
+#define PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_STRING   L"Texture filtering - Trilinear optimization"
+#define PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_STRING         L"Texture filtering - Negative LOD bias"
+#define QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_STRING                L"Texture filtering - Quality"
+#define QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION_STRING    L"Texture filtering - Quality Substitution"
+#define REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_STRING               L"Preferred refresh rate"
+#define SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_STRING L"PowerThrottle"
+#define SET_VAB_DATA_STRING                        L"VAB Default Data"
+#define VSYNCMODE_STRING                           L"Vertical Sync"
+#define VSYNCTEARCONTROL_STRING                    L"Vertical Sync Tear Control"
+
+enum ESetting {
+    OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_ID                          = 0x2089BF6C,
+    OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_ID                  = 0x2072C5A3,
+    OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_ID                   = 0x20D690F8,
+    OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_ID                     = 0x2097C2F6,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_ID                  = 0x206A6582,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_ID       = 0x206C4581,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_ID             = 0x20655CFA,
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_ID           = 0x209DF23E,
+    OGL_EXTENSION_STRING_VERSION_ID               = 0x20FF7493,
+    OGL_FORCE_BLIT_ID                             = 0x201F619F,
+    OGL_FORCE_STEREO_ID                           = 0x204D9A0C,
+    OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_ID                  = 0x20D0F3E6,
+    OGL_MAX_FRAMES_ALLOWED_ID                     = 0x208E55E3,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_ID                     = 0x209AE66F,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_ID                        = 0x206C28C4,
+    OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_ID                   = 0x20797D6C,
+    OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_ID                = 0x20A29055,
+    OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_ID                          = 0x2092D3BE,
+    OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ID                         = 0x20C1221E,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_ID                             = 0x202888C1,
+    OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_ID                          = 0x20FDD1F9,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_ID                          = 0x10ECDB82,
+    AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_ID                    = 0x10FC2D9C,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_ID                    = 0x107D639D,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_ID                             = 0x10D773D2,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_ID                             = 0x10D48A85,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_ID                           = 0x107EFC5B,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_ID                     = 0x107AFC5B,
+    ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_ID                           = 0x101E61A9,
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_ID                        = 0x10D2BB16,
+    ANSEL_ALLOW_ID                                = 0x1035DB89,
+    ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED_ID                          = 0x1085DA8A,
+    ANSEL_ENABLE_ID                               = 0x1075D972,
+    APPIDLE_DYNAMIC_FRL_FPS_ID                    = 0x10835016,
+    APPIDLE_DYNAMIC_FRL_THRESHOLD_TIME_ID         = 0x10835017,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_ID   = 0x104554B6,
+    APPLICATION_STEAM_ID_ID                       = 0x107CDDBC,
+    BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_ID                      = 0x10115C8C,
+    CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_ID                         = 0x106D5CFF,
+    CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_ID                         = 0x10354FF8,
+    D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_ID                       = 0x10D1EF29,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_ID                       = 0x108F0841,
+    EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE_ID                        = 0x10115C8D,
+    FRL_FPS_ID                                    = 0x10835002,
+    FXAA_ALLOW_ID                                 = 0x1034CB89,
+    FXAA_ENABLE_ID                                = 0x1074C972,
+    FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_ID                      = 0x1068FB9C,
+    LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN_ID                = 0x1095F170,
+    MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_ID                             = 0x10287051,
+    NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING_ID                       = 0x10444444,
+    OPTIMUS_MAXAA_ID                              = 0x10F9DC83,
+    PHYSXINDICATOR_ID                             = 0x1094F16F,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_ID                           = 0x1057EB71,
+    PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_ID                     = 0x103BCCB5,
+    SHIM_MAXRES_ID                                = 0x10F9DC82,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_ID                              = 0x10F9DC80,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ID                        = 0x10F9DC81,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ID                     = 0x10F9DC84,
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_ID                              = 0x1033DCD1,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_ID                   = 0x1033DCD2,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_ID              = 0x1033DCD3,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_ID                        = 0x1033CEC1,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_ID                   = 0x1033CEC2,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_ID                         = 0x1033CED1,
+    VRPRERENDERLIMIT_ID                           = 0x10111133,
+    VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_ID                        = 0x1094F157,
+    VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_ID                        = 0x1095F16F,
+    VRRREQUESTSTATE_ID                            = 0x1094F1F7,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_ID                           = 0x10A879CF,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_ID             = 0x10A879AC,
+    VRR_MODE_ID                                   = 0x1194F158,
+    VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_ID                             = 0x101AE763,
+    VSYNCVRRCONTROL_ID                            = 0x10A879CE,
+    VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_ID                       = 0x10FDEC23,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_ID               = 0x11AE435C,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_ID                        = 0x11E91A61,
+    WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_ID               = 0x11112233,
+    WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_ID                  = 0x112493BD,
+    WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_ID                         = 0x11AA9E99,
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_ID                       = 0x11333333,
+    AO_MODE_ID                                    = 0x00667329,
+    AO_MODE_ACTIVE_ID                             = 0x00664339,
+    AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_ID                         = 0x00638E8F,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY_ID              = 0x00B65E72,
+    ICAFE_LOGO_CONFIG_ID                          = 0x00DB1337,
+    LODBIASADJUST_ID                              = 0x00738E8F,
+    MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE_ID                = 0x0098C1AC,
+    PRERENDERLIMIT_ID                             = 0x007BA09E,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_ID                         = 0x00198FFF,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_DLL_PATH_WCHAR_ID          = 0x0019A002,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_ID                   = 0x00F4889B,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_MAX_SIZE_ID                = 0x00AC8497,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_ID                   = 0x00E73211,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_ID             = 0x0084CD70,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_ID          = 0x002ECAF2,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_ID                = 0x0019BB68,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_ID                       = 0x00CE2691,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION_ID           = 0x00CE2692,
+    REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_ID                      = 0x0064B541,
+    SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_ID     = 0x00AE785C,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_ID                               = 0x00AB8687,
+    VSYNCMODE_ID                                  = 0x00A879CF,
+    VSYNCTEARCONTROL_ID                           = 0x005A375C,
+    TOTAL_DWORD_SETTING_NUM = 98,
+    TOTAL_WSTRING_SETTING_NUM = 5,
+    TOTAL_SETTING_NUM = 103,
+    INVALID_SETTING_ID = 0xFFFFFFFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA {
+    OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_DISABLED                           = 0x10,
+    OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_ENABLED                            = 0x23,
+    OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_MIN                                = 1,
+    OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_MAX                                = 100,
+    OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+    OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_DEFAULT = OGL_AA_LINE_GAMMA_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY {
+    OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_PREFER_DISABLED            = 0x00000000,
+    OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_PREFER_ENABLED             = 0x00000001,
+    OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_AUTO                       = 0x00000002,
+    OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_DEFAULT = OGL_CPL_GDI_COMPATIBILITY_AUTO
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT {
+    OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_PREFER_DISABLED             = 0x00000000,
+    OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_PREFER_ENABLED              = 0x00000001,
+    OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_AUTO                        = 0x00000002,
+    OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_DEFAULT = OGL_CPL_PREFER_DXPRESENT_AUTO
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT {
+    OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_DISABLE                       = 0,
+    OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_ENABLE                        = 1,
+    OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_DEFAULT = OGL_DEEP_COLOR_SCANOUT_ENABLE
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL {
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_TEAR                       = 0,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_VSYNC_ONE                  = 1,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_VSYNC                      = 1,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_VALUE_MASK                 = 0x0000FFFF,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FORCE_MASK                 = 0xF0000000,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FORCE_OFF                  = 0xF0000000,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FORCE_ON                   = 0x10000000,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_APP_CONTROLLED             = 0x00000000,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_DISABLE                    = 0xffffffff,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_NUM_VALUES = 9,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_DEFAULT = OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_VSYNC_ONE
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL {
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_ZERO_SCANLINES  = 0,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_ONE_FULL_FRAME_OF_SCANLINES = 100,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_FRACTIONAL_DEFAULT = 0U
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN {
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_POSITIVE              = 0,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_NEGATIVE              = 1,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_DEFAULT = OGL_DEFAULT_SWAP_INTERVAL_SIGN_POSITIVE
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD {
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_DISABLE             = 0,
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_CRITICAL            = 1,
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_WARNING             = 2,
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_INFORMATION         = 3,
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_ALL                 = 4,
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_DEFAULT = OGL_EVENT_LOG_SEVERITY_THRESHOLD_ALL
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_FORCE_BLIT {
+    OGL_FORCE_BLIT_ON                                    = 1,
+    OGL_FORCE_BLIT_OFF                                   = 0,
+    OGL_FORCE_BLIT_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OGL_FORCE_BLIT_DEFAULT = OGL_FORCE_BLIT_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_FORCE_STEREO {
+    OGL_FORCE_STEREO_OFF                                 = 0,
+    OGL_FORCE_STEREO_ON                                  = 1,
+    OGL_FORCE_STEREO_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OGL_FORCE_STEREO_DEFAULT = OGL_FORCE_STEREO_OFF
+};
+
+#define    OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_ENV_VAR                    L"OGL_DEFAULT_RENDERING_GPU"
+#define    OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_AUTOSELECT                 L"autoselect"
+#define    OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_NUM_VALUES 1
+#define    OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_DEFAULT OGL_IMPLICIT_GPU_AFFINITY_AUTOSELECT
+
+enum EValues_OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE {
+    OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_NONE                          = 0x0,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_CI                            = 0x1,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_RGBA                          = 0x2,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_CI_AND_RGBA                   = 0x3,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_DEFAULT = OGL_OVERLAY_PIXEL_TYPE_CI
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT {
+    OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_OFF                              = 0,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_ON                               = 1,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_FORCE_SW                         = 2,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_DEFAULT = OGL_OVERLAY_SUPPORT_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS {
+    OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_HQUAL                       = 0xfffffff6,
+    OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_QUAL                        = 0,
+    OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_PERF                        = 10,
+    OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_HPERF                       = 20,
+    OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+    OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_DEFAULT = OGL_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_QUAL
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER {
+    OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_DISABLE                  = 0x0,
+    OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_ENABLE                   = 0x1,
+    OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_USE_HW_DEFAULT           = 0xffffffff,
+    OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_DEFAULT = OGL_SINGLE_BACKDEPTH_BUFFER_DISABLE
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_SLI_MULTICAST {
+    OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_DISABLE                            = 0x00,
+    OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_ENABLE                             = 0x01,
+    OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_FORCE_DISABLE                      = 0x02,
+    OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_ALLOW_MOSAIC                       = 0x04,
+    OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+    OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_DEFAULT = OGL_SLI_MULTICAST_DISABLE
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_THREAD_CONTROL {
+    OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_ENABLE                            = 0x00000001,
+    OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DISABLE                           = 0x00000002,
+    OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OGL_THREAD_CONTROL_DEFAULT = 0U
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_TMON_LEVEL {
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_DISABLE                               = 0,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_CRITICAL                              = 1,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_WARNING                               = 2,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_INFORMATION                           = 3,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_MOST                                  = 4,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_VERBOSE                               = 5,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_NUM_VALUES = 6,
+    OGL_TMON_LEVEL_DEFAULT = OGL_TMON_LEVEL_MOST
+};
+
+enum EValues_OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER {
+    OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_DISABLED                           = 0x00000000,
+    OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_ENABLED                            = 0x00000001,
+    OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_DEFAULT = OGL_TRIPLE_BUFFER_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS {
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_NONE                               = 0x00000000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_TREAT_OVERRIDE_AS_APP_CONTROLLED   = 0x00000001,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_TREAT_OVERRIDE_AS_ENHANCE          = 0x00000002,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_DISABLE_OVERRIDE                   = 0x00000003,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_TREAT_ENHANCE_AS_APP_CONTROLLED    = 0x00000004,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_TREAT_ENHANCE_AS_OVERRIDE          = 0x00000008,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_DISABLE_ENHANCE                    = 0x0000000c,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_MAP_VCAA_TO_MULTISAMPLING          = 0x00010000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_SLI_DISABLE_TRANSPARENCY_SUPERSAMPLING = 0x00020000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_DISABLE_CPLAA                      = 0x00040000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_SKIP_RT_DIM_CHECK_FOR_ENHANCE      = 0x00080000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_DISABLE_SLIAA                      = 0x00100000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_DEFAULT                            = 0x00000000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_AA_RT_BPP_DIV_4                    = 0xf0000000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_AA_RT_BPP_DIV_4_SHIFT              = 28,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_NON_AA_RT_BPP_DIV_4                = 0x0f000000,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_NON_AA_RT_BPP_DIV_4_SHIFT          = 24,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_MASK                               = 0xff1f000f,
+    AA_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_NUM_VALUES = 18,
+};
+
+enum EValues_AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE {
+    AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_MODE_MASK                    = 0x00000004,
+    AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_MODE_OFF                     = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_MODE_ON                      = 0x00000004,
+    AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_MODE_MAX                     = 0x00000004,
+    AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+    AA_MODE_ALPHATOCOVERAGE_DEFAULT = 0x00000000
+};
+
+enum EValues_AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION {
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_MASK                         = 0x00000003,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_OFF                          = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_ON_IF_FOS                    = 0x00000001,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_ON_ALWAYS                    = 0x00000002,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_MAX                          = 0x00000002,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_DEFAULT                      = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_DEFAULT_TESLA                = 0x00000002,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_DEFAULT_FERMI                = 0x00000002,
+    AA_MODE_GAMMACORRECTION_NUM_VALUES = 8,
+};
+
+enum EValues_AA_MODE_METHOD {
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_NONE                                  = 0x0,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_2X_H                      = 0x1,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_2X_V                      = 0x2,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_1_5X1_5                   = 0x2,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_FREE_0x03                             = 0x3,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_FREE_0x04                             = 0x4,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_4X                        = 0x5,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_4X_BIAS                   = 0x6,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_4X_GAUSSIAN               = 0x7,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_FREE_0x08                             = 0x8,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_FREE_0x09                             = 0x9,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_9X                        = 0xA,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_9X_BIAS                   = 0xB,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_16X                       = 0xC,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_16X_BIAS                  = 0xD,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_2X_DIAGONAL               = 0xE,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_2X_QUINCUNX               = 0xF,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_4X                        = 0x10,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_FREE_0x11                             = 0x11,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_4X_GAUSSIAN               = 0x12,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_4X_SKEWED_4TAP            = 0x13,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_FREE_0x14                             = 0x14,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_FREE_0x15                             = 0x15,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_6X                        = 0x16,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_6X_SKEWED_6TAP            = 0x17,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_8X                        = 0x18,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_8X_SKEWED_8TAP            = 0x19,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_16X                       = 0x1a,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_4X_GAMMA                  = 0x1b,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_16X                       = 0x1c,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_VCAA_32X_8v24                         = 0x1d,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_CORRUPTION_CHECK                      = 0x1e,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_6X_CT                                 = 0x1f,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_2X_DIAGONAL_GAMMA         = 0x20,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_4X_GAMMA                  = 0x21,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_4X_FOSGAMMA               = 0x22,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_2X_DIAGONAL_FOSGAMMA      = 0x23,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERSAMPLE_4X_FOSGAMMA               = 0x24,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MULTISAMPLE_8X                        = 0x25,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_VCAA_8X_4v4                           = 0x26,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_VCAA_16X_4v12                         = 0x27,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_VCAA_16X_8v8                          = 0x28,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_32X                       = 0x29,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERVCAA_64X_4v12                    = 0x2a,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_SUPERVCAA_64X_8v8                     = 0x2b,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_64X                       = 0x2c,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_MIXEDSAMPLE_128X                      = 0x2d,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_COUNT                                 = 0x2e,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_METHOD_MASK                           = 0x0000ffff,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_METHOD_MAX                            = 0xf1c57815,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_NUM_VALUES = 50,
+    AA_MODE_METHOD_DEFAULT = AA_MODE_METHOD_NONE
+};
+
+enum EValues_AA_MODE_REPLAY {
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_SAMPLES_MASK                          = 0x00000070,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_SAMPLES_ONE                           = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_SAMPLES_TWO                           = 0x00000010,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_SAMPLES_FOUR                          = 0x00000020,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_SAMPLES_EIGHT                         = 0x00000030,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_SAMPLES_MAX                           = 0x00000030,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_MASK                             = 0x0000000f,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_OFF                              = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_ALPHA_TEST                       = 0x00000001,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_PIXEL_KILL                       = 0x00000002,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_DYN_BRANCH                       = 0x00000004,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_OPTIMAL                          = 0x00000004,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_ALL                              = 0x00000008,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MODE_MAX                              = 0x0000000f,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_TRANSPARENCY                          = 0x00000023,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_DISALLOW_TRAA                         = 0x00000100,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_TRANSPARENCY_DEFAULT                  = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_TRANSPARENCY_DEFAULT_TESLA            = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_TRANSPARENCY_DEFAULT_FERMI            = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_MASK                                  = 0x0000017f,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_NUM_VALUES = 20,
+    AA_MODE_REPLAY_DEFAULT = 0x00000000
+};
+
+enum EValues_AA_MODE_SELECTOR {
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_MASK                                = 0x00000003,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_APP_CONTROL                         = 0x00000000,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_OVERRIDE                            = 0x00000001,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_ENHANCE                             = 0x00000002,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_MAX                                 = 0x00000002,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_DEFAULT = AA_MODE_SELECTOR_APP_CONTROL
+};
+
+enum EValues_AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA {
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_DISABLED                      = 0,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_ENABLED                       = 1,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_DEFAULT = AA_MODE_SELECTOR_SLIAA_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_ANISO_MODE_LEVEL {
+    ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_MASK                                = 0x0000ffff,
+    ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_NONE_POINT                          = 0x00000000,
+    ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_NONE_LINEAR                         = 0x00000001,
+    ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_MAX                                 = 0x00000010,
+    ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_DEFAULT                             = 0x00000001,
+    ANISO_MODE_LEVEL_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+};
+
+enum EValues_ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR {
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_MASK                             = 0x0000000f,
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_APP                              = 0x00000000,
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_USER                             = 0x00000001,
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_COND                             = 0x00000002,
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_MAX                              = 0x00000002,
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_DEFAULT                          = 0x00000000,
+    ANISO_MODE_SELECTOR_NUM_VALUES = 6,
+};
+
+enum EValues_ANSEL_ALLOW {
+    ANSEL_ALLOW_DISALLOWED                               = 0,
+    ANSEL_ALLOW_ALLOWED                                  = 1,
+    ANSEL_ALLOW_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    ANSEL_ALLOW_DEFAULT = ANSEL_ALLOW_ALLOWED
+};
+
+enum EValues_ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED {
+    ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED_DISALLOWED                         = 0,
+    ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED_ALLOWED                            = 1,
+    ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED_DEFAULT = ANSEL_ALLOWLISTED_DISALLOWED
+};
+
+enum EValues_ANSEL_ENABLE {
+    ANSEL_ENABLE_OFF                                     = 0,
+    ANSEL_ENABLE_ON                                      = 1,
+    ANSEL_ENABLE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    ANSEL_ENABLE_DEFAULT = ANSEL_ENABLE_ON
+};
+
+enum EValues_APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT {
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_DISABLED    = 0,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_NINE_SECONDS = 9,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_FIFTEEN_SECONDS = 15,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_THIRTY_SECONDS = 30,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_ONE_MINUTE  = 60,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_TWO_MINUTES = 120,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_NUM_VALUES = 6,
+    APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_DEFAULT = APPLICATION_PROFILE_NOTIFICATION_TIMEOUT_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS {
+    BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_MIN                            = 0x00000001,
+    BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_MAX                            = 0x000003ff,
+    BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_NO_OVERRIDE                    = 0x00000000,
+    BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_DEFAULT = BATTERY_BOOST_APP_FPS_NO_OVERRIDE
+};
+
+enum EValues_CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE {
+    CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_DISABLED                          = 0,
+    CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_ENABLED                           = 1,
+    CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_DEFAULT = CPL_HIDDEN_PROFILE_DISABLED
+};
+
+#define    CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_NONE                              L"none"
+#define    CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_NUM_VALUES 1
+#define    CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_DEFAULT CUDA_EXCLUDED_GPUS_NONE
+
+#define    D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_DEFAULTPOWER                    L"0"
+#define    D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_NUM_VALUES 1
+#define    D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_DEFAULT D3DOGL_GPU_MAX_POWER_DEFAULTPOWER
+
+enum EValues_EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS {
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_OFF                             = 0x00000000,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_ON                              = 0x00000001,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DEFAULT = EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE {
+    EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE_ON                               = 0x00000001,
+    EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE_OFF                              = 0x00000000,
+    EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE_DEFAULT = EXTERNAL_QUIET_MODE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_FRL_FPS {
+    FRL_FPS_DISABLED                                     = 0x00000000,
+    FRL_FPS_MIN                                          = 0x00000000,
+    FRL_FPS_MAX                                          = 0x000003ff,
+    FRL_FPS_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    FRL_FPS_DEFAULT = FRL_FPS_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_FXAA_ALLOW {
+    FXAA_ALLOW_DISALLOWED                                = 0,
+    FXAA_ALLOW_ALLOWED                                   = 1,
+    FXAA_ALLOW_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    FXAA_ALLOW_DEFAULT = FXAA_ALLOW_ALLOWED
+};
+
+enum EValues_FXAA_ENABLE {
+    FXAA_ENABLE_OFF                                      = 0,
+    FXAA_ENABLE_ON                                       = 1,
+    FXAA_ENABLE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    FXAA_ENABLE_DEFAULT = FXAA_ENABLE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE {
+    FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_OFF                            = 0,
+    FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_ON                             = 1,
+    FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_DEFAULT = FXAA_INDICATOR_ENABLE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN {
+    LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN_DISABLED                 = 0x0,
+    LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN_ENABLED                  = 0x1,
+    LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN_DEFAULT = LATENCY_INDICATOR_AUTOALIGN_ENABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_MCSFRSHOWSPLIT {
+    MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_DISABLED                              = 0x34534064,
+    MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_ENABLED                               = 0x24545582,
+    MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_DEFAULT = MCSFRSHOWSPLIT_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING {
+    NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING_OFF                             = 0,
+    NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING_ON                              = 1,
+    NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING_DEFAULT = NV_QUALITY_UPSCALING_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_OPTIMUS_MAXAA {
+    OPTIMUS_MAXAA_MIN                                    = 0,
+    OPTIMUS_MAXAA_MAX                                    = 16,
+    OPTIMUS_MAXAA_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    OPTIMUS_MAXAA_DEFAULT = 0
+};
+
+enum EValues_PHYSXINDICATOR {
+    PHYSXINDICATOR_DISABLED                              = 0x34534064,
+    PHYSXINDICATOR_ENABLED                               = 0x24545582,
+    PHYSXINDICATOR_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PHYSXINDICATOR_DEFAULT = PHYSXINDICATOR_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_PREFERRED_PSTATE {
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_ADAPTIVE                            = 0x00000000,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_PREFER_MAX                          = 0x00000001,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_DRIVER_CONTROLLED                   = 0x00000002,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_PREFER_CONSISTENT_PERFORMANCE       = 0x00000003,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_PREFER_MIN                          = 0x00000004,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_OPTIMAL_POWER                       = 0x00000005,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_MIN                                 = 0x00000000,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_MAX                                 = 0x00000005,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_NUM_VALUES = 8,
+    PREFERRED_PSTATE_DEFAULT = PREFERRED_PSTATE_OPTIMAL_POWER
+};
+
+enum EValues_PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE {
+    PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_OFF                           = 0,
+    PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_ON                            = 1,
+    PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_DEFAULT = PREVENT_UI_AF_OVERRIDE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_SHIM_MCCOMPAT {
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_INTEGRATED                             = 0x00000000U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_ENABLE                                 = 0x00000001U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_USER_EDITABLE                          = 0x00000002U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_MASK                                   = 0x00000003U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_VIDEO_MASK                             = 0x00000004U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_VARYING_BIT                            = 0x00000008U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_AUTO_SELECT                            = 0x00000010U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_OVERRIDE_BIT                           = 0x80000000U,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_NUM_VALUES = 8,
+    SHIM_MCCOMPAT_DEFAULT = SHIM_MCCOMPAT_AUTO_SELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_SHIM_RENDERING_MODE {
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_INTEGRATED                       = 0x00000000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_ENABLE                           = 0x00000001U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_USER_EDITABLE                    = 0x00000002U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_MASK                             = 0x00000003U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_VIDEO_MASK                       = 0x00000004U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_VARYING_BIT                      = 0x00000008U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_AUTO_SELECT                      = 0x00000010U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_OVERRIDE_BIT                     = 0x80000000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 8,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_DEFAULT = SHIM_RENDERING_MODE_AUTO_SELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS {
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DEFAULT_RENDERING_MODE        = 0x00000000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DISABLE_ASYNC_PRESENT         = 0x00000001U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_EHSHELL_DETECT                = 0x00000002U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_FLASHPLAYER_HOST_DETECT       = 0x00000004U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_VIDEO_DRM_APP_DETECT          = 0x00000008U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_IGNORE_OVERRIDES              = 0x00000010U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_RESERVED1                     = 0x00000020U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ENABLE_DWM_ASYNC_PRESENT      = 0x00000040U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_RESERVED2                     = 0x00000080U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ALLOW_INHERITANCE             = 0x00000100U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DISABLE_WRAPPERS              = 0x00000200U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DISABLE_DXGI_WRAPPERS         = 0x00000400U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_PRUNE_UNSUPPORTED_FORMATS     = 0x00000800U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ENABLE_ALPHA_FORMAT           = 0x00001000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_IGPU_TRANSCODING              = 0x00002000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DISABLE_CUDA                  = 0x00004000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ALLOW_CP_CAPS_FOR_VIDEO       = 0x00008000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_IGPU_TRANSCODING_FWD_OPTIMUS  = 0x00010000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DISABLE_DURING_SECURE_BOOT    = 0x00020000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_INVERT_FOR_QUADRO             = 0x00040000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_INVERT_FOR_MSHYBRID           = 0x00080000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_REGISTER_PROCESS_ENABLE_GOLD  = 0x00100000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_HANDLE_WINDOWED_MODE_PERF_OPT = 0x00200000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_HANDLE_WIN7_ASYNC_RUNTIME_BUG = 0x00400000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_EXPLICIT_ADAPTER_OPTED_BY_APP = 0x00800000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_ALLOW_DYNAMIC_DISPLAY_MUX_SWITCH = 0x01000000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DISALLOW_DYNAMIC_DISPLAY_MUX_SWITCH = 0x02000000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DISABLE_TURING_POWER_POLICY   = 0x04000000U,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_NUM_VALUES = 28,
+    SHIM_RENDERING_OPTIONS_DEFAULT = 0x00000000U
+};
+
+enum EValues_SLI_GPU_COUNT {
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_AUTOSELECT                             = 0x00000000,
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_ONE                                    = 0x00000001,
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_TWO                                    = 0x00000002,
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_THREE                                  = 0x00000003,
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_FOUR                                   = 0x00000004,
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    SLI_GPU_COUNT_DEFAULT = SLI_GPU_COUNT_AUTOSELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT {
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_AUTOSELECT                  = 0x00000000,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_ONE                         = 0x00000001,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_TWO                         = 0x00000002,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_THREE                       = 0x00000003,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_FOUR                        = 0x00000004,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DEFAULT = SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_AUTOSELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10 {
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_AUTOSELECT             = 0x00000000,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_ONE                    = 0x00000001,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_TWO                    = 0x00000002,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_THREE                  = 0x00000003,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_FOUR                   = 0x00000004,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_DEFAULT = SLI_PREDEFINED_GPU_COUNT_DX10_AUTOSELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE {
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_AUTOSELECT                       = 0x00000000,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_FORCE_SINGLE                     = 0x00000001,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_FORCE_AFR                        = 0x00000002,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_FORCE_AFR2                       = 0x00000003,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_FORCE_SFR                        = 0x00000004,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_FORCE_AFR_OF_SFR__FALLBACK_3AFR  = 0x00000005,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 6,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DEFAULT = SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_AUTOSELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10 {
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_AUTOSELECT                  = 0x00000000,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_FORCE_SINGLE                = 0x00000001,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_FORCE_AFR                   = 0x00000002,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_FORCE_AFR2                  = 0x00000003,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_FORCE_SFR                   = 0x00000004,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_FORCE_AFR_OF_SFR__FALLBACK_3AFR = 0x00000005,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_NUM_VALUES = 6,
+    SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_DEFAULT = SLI_PREDEFINED_MODE_DX10_AUTOSELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_SLI_RENDERING_MODE {
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_AUTOSELECT                        = 0x00000000,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_FORCE_SINGLE                      = 0x00000001,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_FORCE_AFR                         = 0x00000002,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_FORCE_AFR2                        = 0x00000003,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_FORCE_SFR                         = 0x00000004,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_FORCE_AFR_OF_SFR__FALLBACK_3AFR   = 0x00000005,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 6,
+    SLI_RENDERING_MODE_DEFAULT = SLI_RENDERING_MODE_AUTOSELECT
+};
+
+enum EValues_VRPRERENDERLIMIT {
+    VRPRERENDERLIMIT_MIN                                 = 0x00,
+    VRPRERENDERLIMIT_MAX                                 = 0xff,
+    VRPRERENDERLIMIT_APP_CONTROLLED                      = 0x00,
+    VRPRERENDERLIMIT_DEFAULT                             = 0x01,
+    VRPRERENDERLIMIT_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+};
+
+enum EValues_VRRFEATUREINDICATOR {
+    VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_DISABLED                         = 0x0,
+    VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_ENABLED                          = 0x1,
+    VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_DEFAULT = VRRFEATUREINDICATOR_ENABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_VRROVERLAYINDICATOR {
+    VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_DISABLED                         = 0x0,
+    VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_ENABLED                          = 0x1,
+    VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_DEFAULT = VRROVERLAYINDICATOR_ENABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_VRRREQUESTSTATE {
+    VRRREQUESTSTATE_DISABLED                             = 0x0,
+    VRRREQUESTSTATE_FULLSCREEN_ONLY                      = 0x1,
+    VRRREQUESTSTATE_FULLSCREEN_AND_WINDOWED              = 0x2,
+    VRRREQUESTSTATE_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    VRRREQUESTSTATE_DEFAULT = VRRREQUESTSTATE_FULLSCREEN_ONLY
+};
+
+enum EValues_VRR_APP_OVERRIDE {
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_ALLOW                               = 0,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_FORCE_OFF                           = 1,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_DISALLOW                            = 2,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_ULMB                                = 3,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_FIXED_REFRESH                       = 4,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_DEFAULT = VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_ALLOW
+};
+
+enum EValues_VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE {
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_ALLOW                 = 0,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_FORCE_OFF             = 1,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_DISALLOW              = 2,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_ULMB                  = 3,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_FIXED_REFRESH         = 4,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_DEFAULT = VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_REQUEST_STATE_ALLOW
+};
+
+enum EValues_VRR_MODE {
+    VRR_MODE_DISABLED                                    = 0x0,
+    VRR_MODE_FULLSCREEN_ONLY                             = 0x1,
+    VRR_MODE_FULLSCREEN_AND_WINDOWED                     = 0x2,
+    VRR_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    VRR_MODE_DEFAULT = VRR_MODE_FULLSCREEN_ONLY
+};
+
+enum EValues_VSYNCSMOOTHAFR {
+    VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_OFF                                   = 0x00000000,
+    VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_ON                                    = 0x00000001,
+    VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_DEFAULT = VSYNCSMOOTHAFR_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_VSYNCVRRCONTROL {
+    VSYNCVRRCONTROL_DISABLE                              = 0x00000000,
+    VSYNCVRRCONTROL_ENABLE                               = 0x00000001,
+    VSYNCVRRCONTROL_NOTSUPPORTED                         = 0x9f95128e,
+    VSYNCVRRCONTROL_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    VSYNCVRRCONTROL_DEFAULT = VSYNCVRRCONTROL_ENABLE
+};
+
+enum EValues_VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS {
+    VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_NONE                            = 0x00000000,
+    VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_DEFAULT                         = 0x00000000,
+    VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_IGNORE_FLIPINTERVAL_MULTIPLE    = 0x00000001,
+    VSYNC_BEHAVIOR_FLAGS_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+};
+
+enum EValues_WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE {
+    WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_OFF                     = 0,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_ON                      = 1,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_DEFAULT = WKS_API_STEREO_EYES_EXCHANGE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_WKS_API_STEREO_MODE {
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_SHUTTER_GLASSES                  = 0,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_VERTICAL_INTERLACED              = 1,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_TWINVIEW                         = 2,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_NV17_SHUTTER_GLASSES_AUTO        = 3,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_NV17_SHUTTER_GLASSES_DAC0        = 4,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_NV17_SHUTTER_GLASSES_DAC1        = 5,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_COLOR_LINE                       = 6,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_COLOR_INTERLEAVED                = 7,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_ANAGLYPH                         = 8,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_HORIZONTAL_INTERLACED            = 9,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_SIDE_FIELD                       = 10,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_SUB_FIELD                        = 11,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_CHECKERBOARD                     = 12,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_INVERSE_CHECKERBOARD             = 13,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_TRIDELITY_SL                     = 14,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_TRIDELITY_MV                     = 15,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_SEEFRONT                         = 16,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_STEREO_MIRROR                    = 17,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_FRAME_SEQUENTIAL                 = 18,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_AUTODETECT_PASSIVE_MODE          = 19,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_AEGIS_DT_FRAME_SEQUENTIAL        = 20,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_OEM_EMITTER_FRAME_SEQUENTIAL     = 21,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_DP_INBAND                        = 22,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_USE_HW_DEFAULT                   = 0xffffffff,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_DEFAULT_GL                       = 3,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 25,
+    WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_DEFAULT = WKS_API_STEREO_MODE_SHUTTER_GLASSES
+};
+
+enum EValues_WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY {
+    WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_AS_NEEDED               = 0x0,
+    WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_MODERATE_PRE_ALLOCATION = 0x1,
+    WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_AGGRESSIVE_PRE_ALLOCATION = 0x2,
+    WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_DEFAULT = WKS_MEMORY_ALLOCATION_POLICY_AS_NEEDED
+};
+
+enum EValues_WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT {
+    WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_OFF                        = 0,
+    WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_DAC                        = 1,
+    WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_DLP                        = 2,
+    WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_DEFAULT = WKS_STEREO_DONGLE_SUPPORT_DAC
+};
+
+enum EValues_WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT {
+    WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_OFF                               = 0,
+    WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_ON                                = 1,
+    WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_DEFAULT = WKS_STEREO_SUPPORT_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE {
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_APPLICATION_CONTROL             = 0x0,
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_PER_EYE                         = 0x1,
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_PER_EYE_PAIR                    = 0x2,
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_LEGACY_BEHAVIOR                 = 0x3,
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_PER_EYE_FOR_SWAP_GROUP          = 0x4,
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 5,
+    WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_DEFAULT = WKS_STEREO_SWAP_MODE_APPLICATION_CONTROL
+};
+
+enum EValues_AO_MODE {
+    AO_MODE_OFF                                          = 0,
+    AO_MODE_LOW                                          = 1,
+    AO_MODE_MEDIUM                                       = 2,
+    AO_MODE_HIGH                                         = 3,
+    AO_MODE_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+    AO_MODE_DEFAULT = AO_MODE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_AO_MODE_ACTIVE {
+    AO_MODE_ACTIVE_DISABLED                              = 0,
+    AO_MODE_ACTIVE_ENABLED                               = 1,
+    AO_MODE_ACTIVE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    AO_MODE_ACTIVE_DEFAULT = AO_MODE_ACTIVE_DISABLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_AUTO_LODBIASADJUST {
+    AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_OFF                               = 0x00000000,
+    AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_ON                                = 0x00000001,
+    AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_DEFAULT = AUTO_LODBIASADJUST_ON
+};
+
+enum EValues_EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY {
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY_OFF                    = 0x00000000,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY_ON                     = 0x00000001,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY_DEFAULT = EXPORT_PERF_COUNTERS_DX9_ONLY_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_LODBIASADJUST {
+    LODBIASADJUST_MIN                                    = 0xffffff80,
+    LODBIASADJUST_MAX                                    = 128,
+    LODBIASADJUST_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    LODBIASADJUST_DEFAULT = 0
+};
+
+enum EValues_MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE {
+    MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE_OFF                      = 0,
+    MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE_ON                       = 1,
+    MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE_DEFAULT = MAXWELL_B_SAMPLE_INTERLEAVE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_PRERENDERLIMIT {
+    PRERENDERLIMIT_MIN                                   = 0x00,
+    PRERENDERLIMIT_MAX                                   = 0xff,
+    PRERENDERLIMIT_APP_CONTROLLED                        = 0x00,
+    PRERENDERLIMIT_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    PRERENDERLIMIT_DEFAULT = PRERENDERLIMIT_APP_CONTROLLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_PS_SHADERDISKCACHE {
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_OFF                               = 0x00000000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_ON                                = 0x00000001,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_DEFAULT = PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_ON
+};
+
+enum EValues_PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS {
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_DEFAULT_COMPILES    = 0x00000001,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_OPTIONAL_COMPILES   = 0x00000002,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_DRIVER_VERSIONING   = 0x00000008,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DUMP_HISTOGRAM              = 0x00000010,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DUMP_TIMELINE               = 0x00000020,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_GARBAGE_COLLECTION  = 0x00000040,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_ENABLE_ENCRYPTION           = 0x00000080,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_CRC                 = 0x00000100,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_ENABLE_STATS_FILES          = 0x00000200,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_STATS_RESET         = 0x00000400,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_DEBUG_FORCED_COMPILE = 0x00000800,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_NO_COMPRESSION              = 0x00001000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_RLE_COMPRESSION             = 0x00002000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_LZMA_COMPRESSION            = 0x00004000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_BACKEND_MEM_MAP_FILES       = 0x00010000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_BACKEND_GFN_DLL             = 0x00020000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_BACKEND_SQLITE              = 0x00040000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_FLOOD_CACHE_DIRECTORY       = 0x00100000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DISABLE_DEDUPLICATION       = 0x00200000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DELETE_PERFECT_CACHES       = 0x00400000,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_NUM_VALUES = 20,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_FLAGS_DEFAULT = 0x0
+};
+
+enum EValues_PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_MAX_SIZE {
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_MAX_SIZE_MIN                      = 0x0,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_MAX_SIZE_MAX                      = 0xffffffff,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_MAX_SIZE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PS_SHADERDISKCACHE_MAX_SIZE_DEFAULT = 0x1000
+};
+
+enum EValues_PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2 {
+    PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_OFF                         = 0x00000000,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_ON                          = 0x00000001,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_DEFAULT = PS_TEXFILTER_ANISO_OPTS2_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO {
+    PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_OFF                   = 0x00000000,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_ON                    = 0x00000001,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_DEFAULT = PS_TEXFILTER_BILINEAR_IN_ANISO_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE {
+    PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_OFF                = 0x00000000,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_ON                 = 0x00000001,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_DEFAULT = PS_TEXFILTER_DISABLE_TRILIN_SLOPE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS {
+    PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_OFF                      = 0x00000000,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_ON                       = 0x00000001,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_DEFAULT = PS_TEXFILTER_NO_NEG_LODBIAS_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS {
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_HIGHQUALITY                     = 0xfffffff6,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_QUALITY                         = 0x00000000,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_PERFORMANCE                     = 0x0000000a,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_HIGHPERFORMANCE                 = 0x00000014,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_NUM_VALUES = 4,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_DEFAULT = QUALITY_ENHANCEMENTS_QUALITY
+};
+
+enum EValues_QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION {
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION_NO_SUBSTITUTION     = 0x00000000,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION_HIGHQUALITY_BECOMES_QUALITY = 0x00000001,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION_DEFAULT = QUALITY_ENHANCEMENT_SUBSTITUTION_NO_SUBSTITUTION
+};
+
+enum EValues_REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE {
+    REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_APPLICATION_CONTROLLED         = 0x00000000,
+    REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_HIGHEST_AVAILABLE              = 0x00000001,
+    REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_LOW_LATENCY_RR_MASK            = 0x00000FF0,
+    REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_NUM_VALUES = 3,
+    REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_DEFAULT = REFRESH_RATE_OVERRIDE_APPLICATION_CONTROLLED
+};
+
+enum EValues_SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE {
+    SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_OFF           = 0x00000000,
+    SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_ON            = 0x00000001,
+    SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_DEFAULT = SET_POWER_THROTTLE_FOR_PCIe_COMPLIANCE_OFF
+};
+
+enum EValues_SET_VAB_DATA {
+    SET_VAB_DATA_ZERO                                    = 0x00000000,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_UINT_ONE                                = 0x00000001,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_FLOAT_ONE                               = 0x3f800000,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_FLOAT_POS_INF                           = 0x7f800000,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_FLOAT_NAN                               = 0x7fc00000,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_USE_API_DEFAULTS                        = 0xffffffff,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_NUM_VALUES = 6,
+    SET_VAB_DATA_DEFAULT = SET_VAB_DATA_USE_API_DEFAULTS
+};
+
+enum EValues_VSYNCMODE {
+    VSYNCMODE_PASSIVE                                    = 0x60925292,
+    VSYNCMODE_FORCEOFF                                   = 0x08416747,
+    VSYNCMODE_FORCEON                                    = 0x47814940,
+    VSYNCMODE_FLIPINTERVAL2                              = 0x32610244,
+    VSYNCMODE_FLIPINTERVAL3                              = 0x71271021,
+    VSYNCMODE_FLIPINTERVAL4                              = 0x13245256,
+    VSYNCMODE_VIRTUAL                                    = 0x18888888,
+    VSYNCMODE_NUM_VALUES = 7,
+    VSYNCMODE_DEFAULT = VSYNCMODE_PASSIVE
+};
+
+enum EValues_VSYNCTEARCONTROL {
+    VSYNCTEARCONTROL_DISABLE                             = 0x96861077,
+    VSYNCTEARCONTROL_ENABLE                              = 0x99941284,
+    VSYNCTEARCONTROL_NUM_VALUES = 2,
+    VSYNCTEARCONTROL_DEFAULT = VSYNCTEARCONTROL_DISABLE
+};
+
+
+
+typedef struct _SettingDWORDNameString {
+    NvU32 settingId;
+    const wchar_t * settingNameString;
+    NvU32 numSettingValues;
+    NvU32 *settingValues;
+    NvU32 defaultValue;
+} SettingDWORDNameString;
+
+typedef struct _SettingWSTRINGNameString {
+    NvU32 settingId;
+    const wchar_t * settingNameString;
+    NvU32 numSettingValues;
+    const wchar_t **settingValues;
+    const wchar_t * defaultValue;
+} SettingWSTRINGNameString;
+
+
+#endif // _NVAPI_DRIVER_SETTINGS_H_
+
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8eed80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22606 @@
+#include"nvapi_lite_common.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_sli.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_surround.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_stereo.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_d3dext.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_salstart.h"
+ /************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ┬® 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+ 
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// Date: Jun 22, 2023 
+// File: nvapi.h
+//
+// NvAPI provides an interface to NVIDIA devices. This file contains the 
+// interface constants, structure definitions and function prototypes.
+//
+//   Target Profile: developer
+//  Target Platform: windows
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#ifndef _NVAPI_H
+#define _NVAPI_H
+
+#pragma pack(push,8) // Make sure we have consistent structure packings
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+// ====================================================
+// Universal NvAPI Definitions
+// ====================================================
+#ifndef _WIN32
+#define __cdecl
+#endif
+
+
+
+//! @}
+
+
+//!   \ingroup nvapistatus
+#define NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED        NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED       //!< Fix typo in error code
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Initialize
+//
+//! This function initializes the NvAPI library (if not already initialized) but always increments the ref-counter.
+//! This must be called before calling other NvAPI_ functions.
+//! Note: It is now mandatory to call NvAPI_Initialize before calling any other NvAPI.
+//! NvAPI_Unload should be called to unload the NVAPI Library.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!              specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND  Failed to load the NVAPI support library
+//! \sa nvapistatus
+//! \ingroup nvapifunctions
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Initialize();
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Unload
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Decrements the ref-counter and when it reaches ZERO, unloads NVAPI library.
+//!                This must be called in pairs with NvAPI_Initialize.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//!        If the client wants unload functionality, it is recommended to always call NvAPI_Initialize and NvAPI_Unload in pairs.
+//!
+//!  Unloading NvAPI library is not supported when the library is in a resource locked state.
+//!  Some functions in the NvAPI library initiates an operation or allocates certain resources
+//!  and there are corresponding functions available, to complete the operation or free the
+//!  allocated resources. All such function pairs are designed to prevent unloading NvAPI library.
+//!
+//!  For example, if NvAPI_Unload is called after NvAPI_XXX which locks a resource, it fails with
+//!  NVAPI_ERROR. Developers need to call the corresponding NvAPI_YYY to unlock the resources,
+//!  before calling NvAPI_Unload again.
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!              specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_API_IN_USE       Atleast an API is still being called hence cannot unload requested driver.
+//!
+//! \ingroup nvapifunctions
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Unload();
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetErrorMessage
+//
+//! This function converts an NvAPI error code into a null terminated string.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \param nr      The error code to convert
+//! \param szDesc  The string corresponding to the error code
+//!
+//! \return NULL terminated string (always, never NULL)
+//! \ingroup nvapifunctions
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetErrorMessage(NvAPI_Status nr,NvAPI_ShortString szDesc);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetInterfaceVersionString
+//
+//! This function returns a string describing the version of the NvAPI library.
+//!               The contents of the string are human readable.  Do not assume a fixed
+//!                format.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \param  szDesc User readable string giving NvAPI version information
+//!
+//! \return See \ref nvapistatus for the list of possible return values.
+//! \ingroup nvapifunctions
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetInterfaceVersionString(NvAPI_ShortString szDesc);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetInterfaceVersionStringEx
+//
+//! This function returns a string describing the version of the NvAPI library.
+//!               The contents of the string are human readable.  Do not assume a fixed  format.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 450
+//!
+//! \param  szDesc User readable string giving NvAPI version information
+//!
+//! \return See \ref nvapistatus for the list of possible return values.
+//! \ingroup nvapifunctions
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetInterfaceVersionStringEx(NvAPI_ShortString szDesc);
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//              All display port related data types definition starts
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// This category is intentionally added before the #ifdef. The #endif should also be in the same scope
+
+#ifndef DISPLAYPORT_STRUCTS_DEFINED
+#define DISPLAYPORT_STRUCTS_DEFINED
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO.
+typedef enum _NV_DP_LINK_RATE
+{
+    NV_DP_1_62GBPS            = 6,
+    NV_DP_2_70GBPS            = 0xA,
+    NV_DP_5_40GBPS            = 0x14,
+    NV_DP_8_10GBPS            = 0x1E,
+// Recommended Intermidiate Link Transfer Rates
+    NV_EDP_2_16GBPS           = 8,
+    NV_EDP_2_43GBPS           = 9,
+    NV_EDP_3_24GBPS           = 0xC,
+    NV_EDP_4_32GBPS           = 0x10
+} NV_DP_LINK_RATE;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO.
+typedef enum _NV_DP_LANE_COUNT
+{
+    NV_DP_1_LANE              = 1,
+    NV_DP_2_LANE              = 2,
+    NV_DP_4_LANE              = 4,
+} NV_DP_LANE_COUNT;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO.
+typedef enum _NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT
+{
+    NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT_RGB     = 0,
+    NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT_YCbCr422,
+    NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT_YCbCr444,
+} NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO.
+typedef enum _NV_DP_COLORIMETRY
+{
+    NV_DP_COLORIMETRY_RGB     = 0,
+    NV_DP_COLORIMETRY_YCbCr_ITU601,
+    NV_DP_COLORIMETRY_YCbCr_ITU709,
+} NV_DP_COLORIMETRY;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO.
+typedef enum _NV_DP_DYNAMIC_RANGE
+{
+    NV_DP_DYNAMIC_RANGE_VESA  = 0,
+    NV_DP_DYNAMIC_RANGE_CEA,
+} NV_DP_DYNAMIC_RANGE;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO.
+typedef enum _NV_DP_BPC
+{
+    NV_DP_BPC_DEFAULT         = 0,
+    NV_DP_BPC_6,
+    NV_DP_BPC_8,
+    NV_DP_BPC_10,
+    NV_DP_BPC_12,
+    NV_DP_BPC_16,
+} NV_DP_BPC;
+
+
+#endif  //#ifndef DISPLAYPORT_STRUCTS_DEFINED
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//              All display port related data types definitions end
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetEDID
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetEDID(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 displayOutputId, NV_EDID *pEDID)
+//!  This function returns the EDID data for the specified GPU handle and connection bit mask.
+//!  displayOutputId should have exactly 1 bit set to indicate a single display. See \ref handles.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \retval    NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              pEDID is NULL; displayOutputId has 0 or > 1 bits set
+//! \retval    NVAPI_OK                           *pEDID contains valid data.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_DATA_NOT_FOUND                The requested display does not contain an EDID.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! @{
+
+#define NV_EDID_V1_DATA_SIZE   256
+
+#define NV_EDID_DATA_SIZE      NV_EDID_V1_DATA_SIZE
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;        //structure version
+    NvU8    EDID_Data[NV_EDID_DATA_SIZE];
+} NV_EDID_V1;
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetEDID()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;        //!< Structure version
+    NvU8    EDID_Data[NV_EDID_DATA_SIZE];
+    NvU32   sizeofEDID;
+} NV_EDID_V2;
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetEDID()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;        //!< Structure version
+    NvU8    EDID_Data[NV_EDID_DATA_SIZE];
+    NvU32   sizeofEDID;
+    NvU32   edidId;     //!< ID which always returned in a monotonically increasing counter.
+                       //!< Across a split-EDID read we need to verify that all calls returned the same edidId.
+                       //!< This counter is incremented if we get the updated EDID.
+    NvU32   offset;    //!< Which 256-byte page of the EDID we want to read. Start at 0.
+                       //!< If the read succeeds with edidSize > NV_EDID_DATA_SIZE,
+                       //!< call back again with offset+256 until we have read the entire buffer
+} NV_EDID_V3;
+
+typedef NV_EDID_V3    NV_EDID;
+
+#define NV_EDID_VER1    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_EDID_V1,1)
+#define NV_EDID_VER2    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_EDID_V2,2)
+#define NV_EDID_VER3    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_EDID_V3,3)
+#define NV_EDID_VER   NV_EDID_VER3
+
+//! @}
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetEDID(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 displayOutputId, NV_EDID *pEDID);
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! Used in NV_GPU_CONNECTOR_DATA
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_CONNECTOR_TYPE
+{
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_VGA_15_PIN                      = 0x00000000,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_TV_COMPOSITE                    = 0x00000010,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_TV_SVIDEO                       = 0x00000011,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_TV_HDTV_COMPONENT               = 0x00000013,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_TV_SCART                        = 0x00000014,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_TV_COMPOSITE_SCART_ON_EIAJ4120  = 0x00000016,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_TV_HDTV_EIAJ4120                = 0x00000017,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_PC_POD_HDTV_YPRPB               = 0x00000018,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_PC_POD_SVIDEO                   = 0x00000019,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_PC_POD_COMPOSITE                = 0x0000001A,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_DVI_I_TV_SVIDEO                 = 0x00000020,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_DVI_I_TV_COMPOSITE              = 0x00000021,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_DVI_I                           = 0x00000030,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_DVI_D                           = 0x00000031,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_ADC                             = 0x00000032,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_LFH_DVI_I_1                     = 0x00000038,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_LFH_DVI_I_2                     = 0x00000039,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_SPWG                            = 0x00000040,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_OEM                             = 0x00000041,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_DISPLAYPORT_EXTERNAL            = 0x00000046,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_DISPLAYPORT_INTERNAL            = 0x00000047,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_DISPLAYPORT_MINI_EXT            = 0x00000048,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_HDMI_A                          = 0x00000061,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_HDMI_C_MINI                     = 0x00000063,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_LFH_DISPLAYPORT_1               = 0x00000064,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_LFH_DISPLAYPORT_2               = 0x00000065,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_VIRTUAL_WFD                     = 0x00000070, //!< Deprecated.
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_USB_C                           = 0x00000071,
+    NVAPI_GPU_CONNECTOR_UNKNOWN                         = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+} NV_GPU_CONNECTOR_TYPE;
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// NvAPI_TVOutput Information
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup tvapi
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_TV_OUTPUT_INFO
+typedef enum _NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT
+{
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_NONE               = 0,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_NTSCM           = 0x00000001,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_NTSCJ           = 0x00000002,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_PALM            = 0x00000004,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_PALBDGH         = 0x00000008,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_PALN            = 0x00000010,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_PALNC           = 0x00000020,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_576i            = 0x00000100,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_480i            = 0x00000200,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_ED_480p            = 0x00000400,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_ED_576p            = 0x00000800,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_720p            = 0x00001000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_1080i           = 0x00002000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_1080p           = 0x00004000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_720p50          = 0x00008000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_1080p24         = 0x00010000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_1080i50         = 0x00020000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_1080p50         = 0x00040000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp30          = 0x00080000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp30_3840     = NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp30,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp25          = 0x00100000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp25_3840     = NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp25,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp24          = 0x00200000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp24_3840     = NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp24,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp24_SMPTE    = 0x00400000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp50_3840     = 0x00800000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp60_3840     = 0x00900000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp30_4096     = 0x00A00000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp25_4096     = 0x00B00000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp24_4096     = 0x00C00000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp50_4096     = 0x00D00000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp60_4096     = 0x00E00000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp24_7680     = 0x01000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp25_7680     = 0x02000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp30_7680     = 0x04000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp48_7680     = 0x08000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp50_7680     = 0x09000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp60_7680     = 0x0A000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp100_7680    = 0x0B000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_8Kp120_7680    = 0x0C000000,
+	NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp48_3840     = 0x0D000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp48_4096     = 0x0E000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp100_4096    = 0x0F000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp100_3840    = 0x10000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp120_4096    = 0x11000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp120_3840    = 0x12000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp100_5120    = 0x13000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp120_5120    = 0x14000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp24_5120     = 0x15000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp25_5120     = 0x16000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp30_5120     = 0x17000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp48_5120     = 0x18000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp50_5120     = 0x19000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_4Kp60_5120     = 0x20000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp24_10240   = 0x21000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp25_10240   = 0x22000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp30_10240   = 0x23000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp48_10240   = 0x24000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp50_10240   = 0x25000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp60_10240   = 0x26000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp100_10240   = 0x27000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_UHD_10Kp120_10240   = 0x28000000,
+
+
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_SD_OTHER           = 0x30000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_ED_OTHER           = 0x40000000,
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_HD_OTHER           = 0x50000000,
+
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_ANY                = 0x80000000,
+
+} NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! @{
+#define NVAPI_MAX_VIEW_TARGET  2
+#define NVAPI_ADVANCED_MAX_VIEW_TARGET 4
+
+#ifndef _NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE_
+#define _NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE_
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_SetView().
+typedef enum _NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE
+{
+    NV_VIEW_MODE_STANDARD  = 0,
+    NV_VIEW_MODE_CLONE     = 1,
+    NV_VIEW_MODE_HSPAN     = 2,
+    NV_VIEW_MODE_VSPAN     = 3,
+    NV_VIEW_MODE_DUALVIEW  = 4,
+    NV_VIEW_MODE_MULTIVIEW = 5,
+} NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE;
+#endif
+
+//! @}
+
+// Following definitions are used in NvAPI_SetViewEx.
+
+//! Scaling modes - used in NvAPI_SetViewEx().
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef enum _NV_SCALING
+{
+    NV_SCALING_DEFAULT          = 0,        //!< No change
+
+    // New Scaling Declarations
+    NV_SCALING_GPU_SCALING_TO_CLOSEST                   = 1,  //!< Balanced  - Full Screen
+    NV_SCALING_GPU_SCALING_TO_NATIVE                    = 2,  //!< Force GPU - Full Screen
+    NV_SCALING_GPU_SCANOUT_TO_NATIVE                    = 3,  //!< Force GPU - Centered\No Scaling
+    NV_SCALING_GPU_SCALING_TO_ASPECT_SCANOUT_TO_NATIVE  = 5,  //!< Force GPU - Aspect Ratio
+    NV_SCALING_GPU_SCALING_TO_ASPECT_SCANOUT_TO_CLOSEST = 6,  //!< Balanced  - Aspect Ratio
+    NV_SCALING_GPU_SCANOUT_TO_CLOSEST                   = 7,  //!< Balanced  - Centered\No Scaling
+    NV_SCALING_GPU_INTEGER_ASPECT_SCALING               = 8,  //!< Force GPU - Integer Scaling
+
+    // Legacy Declarations
+    NV_SCALING_MONITOR_SCALING                          = NV_SCALING_GPU_SCALING_TO_CLOSEST,
+    NV_SCALING_ADAPTER_SCALING                          = NV_SCALING_GPU_SCALING_TO_NATIVE,
+    NV_SCALING_CENTERED                                 = NV_SCALING_GPU_SCANOUT_TO_NATIVE,
+    NV_SCALING_ASPECT_SCALING                           = NV_SCALING_GPU_SCALING_TO_ASPECT_SCANOUT_TO_NATIVE,
+
+    NV_SCALING_CUSTOMIZED       = 255       //!< For future use
+} NV_SCALING;
+
+//! Rotate modes- used in NvAPI_SetViewEx().
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef enum _NV_ROTATE
+{
+    NV_ROTATE_0           = 0,
+    NV_ROTATE_90          = 1,
+    NV_ROTATE_180         = 2,
+    NV_ROTATE_270         = 3,
+    NV_ROTATE_IGNORED     = 4,
+} NV_ROTATE;
+
+//! Color formats- used in NvAPI_SetViewEx().
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NVFORMAT_MAKEFOURCC(ch0, ch1, ch2, ch3)                              \
+                         ((NvU32)(NvU8)(ch0) | ((NvU32)(NvU8)(ch1) << 8) |   \
+                     ((NvU32)(NvU8)(ch2) << 16) | ((NvU32)(NvU8)(ch3) << 24 ))
+
+
+
+//! Color formats- used in NvAPI_SetViewEx().
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef enum _NV_FORMAT
+{
+    NV_FORMAT_UNKNOWN           =  0,       //!< unknown. Driver will choose one as following value.
+    NV_FORMAT_P8                = 41,       //!< for 8bpp mode
+    NV_FORMAT_R5G6B5            = 23,       //!< for 16bpp mode
+    NV_FORMAT_A8R8G8B8          = 21,       //!< for 32bpp mode
+    NV_FORMAT_A16B16G16R16F     = 113,      //!< for 64bpp(floating point) mode.
+
+} NV_FORMAT;
+
+// TV standard
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    float x;    //!<  x-coordinate of the viewport top-left point
+    float y;    //!<  y-coordinate of the viewport top-left point
+    float w;    //!<  Width of the viewport
+    float h;    //!<  Height of the viewport
+} NV_VIEWPORTF;
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! The timing override is not supported yet; must be set to _AUTO. \n
+
+
+typedef enum _NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE
+{
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_CURRENT = 0,          //!< get the current timing
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_AUTO,                 //!< the timing the driver will use based the current policy
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_EDID,                 //!< EDID timing
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_DMT,                  //!< VESA DMT timing
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_DMT_RB,               //!< VESA DMT timing with reduced blanking
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_CVT,                  //!< VESA CVT timing
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_CVT_RB,               //!< VESA CVT timing with reduced blanking
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_GTF,                  //!< VESA GTF timing
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_EIA861,               //!< EIA 861x pre-defined timing
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_ANALOG_TV,            //!< analog SD/HDTV timing
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_CUST,                 //!< NV custom timings
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_NV_PREDEFINED,        //!< NV pre-defined timing (basically the PsF timings)
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_NV_PSF                = NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_NV_PREDEFINED,
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_NV_ASPR,
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_SDI,                  //!< Override for SDI timing
+
+    NV_TIMING_OVRRIDE_MAX,
+}NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE;
+
+
+#ifndef NV_TIMING_STRUCTS_DEFINED
+#define NV_TIMING_STRUCTS_DEFINED
+
+//***********************
+// The Timing Structure
+//***********************
+//
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//!  NVIDIA-specific timing extras \n
+//! Used in NV_TIMING.
+typedef struct tagNV_TIMINGEXT
+{
+    NvU32   flag;          //!< Reserved for NVIDIA hardware-based enhancement, such as double-scan.
+    NvU16   rr;            //!< Logical refresh rate to present
+    NvU32   rrx1k;         //!< Physical vertical refresh rate in 0.001Hz
+    NvU32   aspect;        //!< Display aspect ratio Hi(aspect):horizontal-aspect, Low(aspect):vertical-aspect
+    NvU16   rep;           //!< Bit-wise pixel repetition factor: 0x1:no pixel repetition; 0x2:each pixel repeats twice horizontally,..
+    NvU32   status;        //!< Timing standard
+    NvU8    name[40];      //!< Timing name
+}NV_TIMINGEXT;
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//!The very basic timing structure based on the VESA standard:
+//! \code
+//!            |<----------------------------htotal--------------------------->|
+//!             ---------"active" video-------->|<-------blanking------>|<-----
+//!            |<-------hvisible-------->|<-hb->|<-hfp->|<-hsw->|<-hbp->|<-hb->|
+//! --------- -+-------------------------+      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   A      A |                         |      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   :      : |                         |      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   :      : |                         |      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   :vertical|    addressable video    |      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   : visible|                         |      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   :      : |                         |      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   :      : |                         |      |       |       |       |      |
+//! vertical V |                         |      |       |       |       |      |
+//!  total   --+-------------------------+      |       |       |       |      |
+//!   :      vb         border                  |       |       |       |      |
+//!   :      -----------------------------------+       |       |       |      |
+//!   :      vfp        front porch                     |       |       |      |
+//!   :      -------------------------------------------+       |       |      |
+//!   :      vsw        sync width                              |       |      |
+//!   :      ---------------------------------------------------+       |      |
+//!   :      vbp        back porch                                      |      |
+//!   :      -----------------------------------------------------------+      |
+//!   V      vb         border                                                 |
+//! ---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+//! \endcode
+typedef struct _NV_TIMING
+{
+    // VESA scan out timing parameters:
+    NvU16 HVisible;         //!< horizontal visible
+    NvU16 HBorder;          //!< horizontal border
+    NvU16 HFrontPorch;      //!< horizontal front porch
+    NvU16 HSyncWidth;       //!< horizontal sync width
+    NvU16 HTotal;           //!< horizontal total
+    NvU8  HSyncPol;         //!< horizontal sync polarity: 1-negative, 0-positive
+
+    NvU16 VVisible;         //!< vertical visible
+    NvU16 VBorder;          //!< vertical border
+    NvU16 VFrontPorch;      //!< vertical front porch
+    NvU16 VSyncWidth;       //!< vertical sync width
+    NvU16 VTotal;           //!< vertical total
+    NvU8  VSyncPol;         //!< vertical sync polarity: 1-negative, 0-positive
+
+    NvU16 interlaced;       //!< 1-interlaced, 0-progressive
+    NvU32 pclk;             //!< pixel clock in 10 kHz
+
+    //other timing related extras
+    NV_TIMINGEXT etc;
+}NV_TIMING;
+#endif //NV_TIMING_STRUCTS_DEFINED
+
+
+//! \addtogroup dispcontrol
+//! Timing-related constants
+//! @{
+#define NV_TIMING_H_SYNC_POSITIVE                             0
+#define NV_TIMING_H_SYNC_NEGATIVE                             1
+#define NV_TIMING_H_SYNC_DEFAULT                              NV_TIMING_H_SYNC_NEGATIVE
+//
+#define NV_TIMING_V_SYNC_POSITIVE                             0
+#define NV_TIMING_V_SYNC_NEGATIVE                             1
+#define NV_TIMING_V_SYNC_DEFAULT                              NV_TIMING_V_SYNC_POSITIVE
+//
+#define NV_TIMING_PROGRESSIVE                                 0
+#define NV_TIMING_INTERLACED                                  1
+#define NV_TIMING_INTERLACED_EXTRA_VBLANK_ON_FIELD2           1
+#define NV_TIMING_INTERLACED_NO_EXTRA_VBLANK_ON_FIELD2        2
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SetView
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_SetView(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO *pTargetInfo, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE targetView)
+//!  This function lets the caller modify the target display arrangement of the selected source display handle in any nView mode.
+//!  It can also modify or extend the source display in Dualview mode.
+//!  \note Maps the selected source to the associated target Ids.
+//!  \note Display PATH with this API is limited to single GPU. DUALVIEW across GPUs cannot be enabled with this API.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvDisplay       NVIDIA Display selection. #NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE is not allowed, it has to be a handle enumerated with NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//! \param [in]  pTargetInfo      Pointer to array of NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO, specifying device properties in this view.
+//!                               The first device entry in the array is the physical primary.
+//!                               The device entry with the lowest source id is the desktop primary.
+//! \param [in]  targetCount      Count of target devices specified in pTargetInfo.
+//! \param [in]  targetView       Target view selected from NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK               Completed request
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR            Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameter.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_SetView() and NvAPI_GetView()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;     //!< (IN) structure version
+    NvU32 count;       //!< (IN) target count
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32 deviceMask;    //!< (IN/OUT) Device mask
+        NvU32 sourceId;      //!< (IN/OUT) Source ID - values will be based on the number of heads exposed per GPU.
+        NvU32 bPrimary:1;    //!< (OUT) Indicates if this is the GPU's primary view target. This is not the desktop GDI primary.
+                             //!< NvAPI_SetView automatically selects the first target in NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO index 0 as the GPU's primary view.
+        NvU32 bInterlaced:1; //!< (IN/OUT) Indicates if the timing being used on this monitor is interlaced.
+        NvU32 bGDIPrimary:1; //!< (IN/OUT) Indicates if this is the desktop GDI primary.
+        NvU32 bForceModeSet:1;//!< (IN) Used only on Win7 and higher during a call to NvAPI_SetView(). Turns off optimization & forces OS to set supplied mode.
+    } target[NVAPI_MAX_VIEW_TARGET];
+} NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO,2)
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SetView(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO *pTargetInfo, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE targetView);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SetViewEx
+//
+//!  \fn NvAPI_SetViewEx(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO *pPathInfo, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE displayView)
+//!  This function lets caller to modify the display arrangement for selected source display handle in any of the nview modes.
+//!  It also allows to modify or extend the source display in dualview mode.
+//!   \note Maps the selected source to the associated target Ids.
+//!   \note Display PATH with this API is limited to single GPU. DUALVIEW across GPUs cannot be enabled with this API.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvDisplay   NVIDIA Display selection. #NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE is not allowed, it has to be a handle enumerated with
+//!                           NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//! \param [in]  pPathInfo    Pointer to array of NV_VIEW_PATH_INFO, specifying device properties in this view.
+//!                           The first device entry in the array is the physical primary.
+//!                           The device entry with the lowest source id is the desktop primary.
+//! \param [in]  pathCount    Count of paths specified in pPathInfo.
+//! \param [in]  displayView  Display view selected from NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                Completed request
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR             Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Invalid input parameter.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAY_PATH  NVAPI_MAX_VIEW_TARGET
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NVAPI_ADVANCED_MAX_DISPLAY_PATH  NVAPI_ADVANCED_MAX_VIEW_TARGET
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO.
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                   deviceMask;     //!< (IN) Device mask
+    NvU32                   sourceId;       //!< (IN) Values will be based on the number of heads exposed per GPU(0, 1?)
+    NvU32                   bPrimary:1;     //!< (IN/OUT) Indicates if this is the GPU's primary view target. This is not the desktop GDI primary.
+                                            //!< NvAPI_SetViewEx() automatically selects the first target in NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO index 0 as the GPU's primary view.
+    NV_GPU_CONNECTOR_TYPE   connector;      //!< (IN) Specify connector type. For TV only.
+
+    // source mode information
+    NvU32                   width;          //!< (IN) Width of the mode
+    NvU32                   height;         //!< (IN) Height of the mode
+    NvU32                   depth;          //!< (IN) Depth of the mode
+    NV_FORMAT               colorFormat;    //!<      Color format if it needs to be specified. Not used now.
+
+    //rotation setting of the mode
+    NV_ROTATE               rotation;       //!< (IN) Rotation setting.
+
+    // the scaling mode
+    NV_SCALING              scaling;        //!< (IN) Scaling setting
+
+    // Timing info
+    NvU32                   refreshRate;    //!< (IN) Refresh rate of the mode
+    NvU32                   interlaced:1;   //!< (IN) Interlaced mode flag
+
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT    tvFormat;       //!< (IN) To choose the last TV format set this value to NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_NONE
+
+    // Windows desktop position
+    NvU32                   posx;           //!< (IN/OUT) X-offset of this display on the Windows desktop
+    NvU32                   posy;           //!< (IN/OUT) Y-offset of this display on the Windows desktop
+    NvU32                   bGDIPrimary:1;  //!< (IN/OUT) Indicates if this is the desktop GDI primary.
+
+    NvU32                   bForceModeSet:1;//!< (IN) Used only on Win7 and higher during a call to NvAPI_SetViewEx(). Turns off optimization & forces OS to set supplied mode.
+    NvU32                   bFocusDisplay:1;//!< (IN) If set, this display path should have the focus after the GPU topology change
+    NvU32                   gpuId:24;       //!< (IN) the physical display/target Gpu id which is the owner of the scan out (for SLI multimon, display from the slave Gpu)
+
+} NV_DISPLAY_PATH;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_SetViewEx() and NvAPI_GetViewEx().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;     //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NvU32 count;       //!< (IN) Path count
+    NV_DISPLAY_PATH path[NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAY_PATH];
+} NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO_V3;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_SetViewEx() and NvAPI_GetViewEx().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;     //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NvU32 count;       //!< (IN) Path count
+    NV_DISPLAY_PATH path[NVAPI_ADVANCED_MAX_DISPLAY_PATH];
+} NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO;
+
+//! \addtogroup dispcontrol
+//! Macro for constructing the version fields of NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO
+//! @{
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO_VER  NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO_VER4
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO_VER4 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO,4)
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO_VER3 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO,3)
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO_VER2 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO,2)
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO_VER1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO,1)
+//! @}
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SetViewEx
+//
+//!  \fn NvAPI_SetViewEx(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO *pPathInfo, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE displayView)
+//!  This function lets caller to modify the display arrangement for selected source display handle in any of the nview modes.
+//!  It also allows to modify or extend the source display in dualview mode.
+//!   \note Maps the selected source to the associated target Ids.
+//!   \note Display PATH with this API is limited to single GPU. DUALVIEW across GPUs cannot be enabled with this API.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvDisplay   NVIDIA Display selection. #NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE is not allowed, it has to be a handle enumerated with
+//!                           NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//! \param [in]  pPathInfo    Pointer to array of NV_VIEW_PATH_INFO, specifying device properties in this view.
+//!                           The first device entry in the array is the physical primary.
+//!                           The device entry with the lowest source id is the desktop primary.
+//! \param [in]  pathCount    Count of paths specified in pPathInfo.
+//! \param [in]  displayView  Display view selected from NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                Completed request
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR             Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Invalid input parameter.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SetViewEx(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO *pPathInfo, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE displayView);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SetDisplayConfig/GetDisplayConfig
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+
+typedef struct _NV_POSITION
+{
+    NvS32   x;
+    NvS32   y;
+} NV_POSITION;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_RESOLUTION
+{
+    NvU32   width;
+    NvU32   height;
+    NvU32   colorDepth;
+} NV_RESOLUTION;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_V1
+{
+    NvU32                   version;
+
+    // Rotation and Scaling
+    NV_ROTATE               rotation;       //!< (IN) rotation setting.
+    NV_SCALING              scaling;        //!< (IN) scaling setting.
+
+    // Refresh Rate
+    NvU32                   refreshRate1K;  //!< (IN) Non-interlaced Refresh Rate of the mode, multiplied by 1000, 0 = ignored
+                                            //!< This is the value which driver reports to the OS.
+    // Flags
+    NvU32                   interlaced:1;   //!< (IN) Interlaced mode flag, ignored if refreshRate == 0
+    NvU32                   primary:1;      //!< (IN) Declares primary display in clone configuration. This is *NOT* GDI Primary.
+                                            //!< Only one target can be primary per source. If no primary is specified, the first
+                                            //!< target will automatically be primary.
+#ifdef NV_PAN_AND_SCAN_DEFINED
+    NvU32                   isPanAndScanTarget:1; //!< Whether on this target Pan and Scan is enabled or has to be enabled. Valid only
+                                                  //!< when the target is part of clone topology.
+#else
+    NvU32                   reservedBit1:1;
+#endif
+    NvU32                   disableVirtualModeSupport:1;
+    NvU32                   isPreferredUnscaledTarget:1;
+    NvU32                   reserved:27;
+    // TV format information
+    NV_GPU_CONNECTOR_TYPE   connector;      //!< Specify connector type. For TV only, ignored if tvFormat == NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_NONE
+    NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT    tvFormat;       //!< (IN) to choose the last TV format set this value to NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_NONE
+                                            //!< In case of NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig(), this field will indicate the currently applied TV format;
+                                            //!< if no TV format is applied, this field will have NV_DISPLAY_TV_FORMAT_NONE value.
+                                            //!< In case of NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig(), this field should only be set in case of TVs;
+                                            //!< for other displays this field will be ignored and resolution & refresh rate specified in input will be used to apply the TV format.
+
+    // Backend (raster) timing standard
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE      timingOverride;     //!< Ignored if timingOverride == NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_CURRENT
+    NV_TIMING               timing;             //!< Scan out timing, valid only if timingOverride == NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_CUST
+                                                //!< The value NV_TIMING::NV_TIMINGEXT::rrx1k is obtained from the EDID. The driver may
+                                                //!< tweak this value for HDTV, stereo, etc., before reporting it to the OS.
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_V1 NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_VER1     MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_V1,1)
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_VER      NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO_VER1
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                           displayId;  //!< Display ID
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO*     details;    //!< May be NULL if no advanced settings are required. NULL for Non-NVIDIA Display.
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO_V2
+{
+    NvU32                                           displayId;  //!< Display ID
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_ADVANCED_TARGET_INFO*     details;    //!< May be NULL if no advanced settings are required
+    NvU32                                           targetId;   //!< Windows CCD target ID. Must be present only for non-NVIDIA adapter, for NVIDIA adapter this parameter is ignored.
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO_V2;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! As version is not defined for this structure, we will be using version of NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO
+typedef NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO_V2 NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef enum _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SPANNING_ORIENTATION
+{
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SPAN_NONE          = 0,
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SPAN_HORIZONTAL    = 1,
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SPAN_VERTICAL      = 2,
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SPANNING_ORIENTATION;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE_INFO_V1
+{
+    NV_RESOLUTION                           resolution;
+    NV_FORMAT                               colorFormat;                //!< Ignored at present, must be NV_FORMAT_UNKNOWN (0)
+    NV_POSITION                             position;                   //!< Is all positions are 0 or invalid, displays will be automatically
+                                                                        //!< positioned from left to right with GDI Primary at 0,0, and all
+                                                                        //!< other displays in the order of the path array.
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SPANNING_ORIENTATION   spanningOrientation;        //!< Spanning is only supported on XP
+    NvU32                                   bGDIPrimary : 1;
+    NvU32                                   bSLIFocus : 1;
+    NvU32                                   reserved : 30;              //!< Must be 0
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE_INFO_V1;
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                   version;
+    NvU32                                   reserved_sourceId;     	//!< This field is reserved. There is ongoing debate if we need this field.
+                                                                        //!< Identifies sourceIds used by Windows. If all sourceIds are 0,
+                                                                        //!< these will be computed automatically.
+    NvU32                                   targetInfoCount;            //!< Number of elements in targetInfo array
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO_V1*   targetInfo;
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE_INFO_V1*   sourceModeInfo;             //!< May be NULL if mode info is not important
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! This define is temporary and must be removed once DVS failure is fixed.
+#define _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V2 _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V2
+{
+    NvU32                                   version;
+    union {
+        NvU32                                   sourceId;            	//!< Identifies sourceId used by Windows CCD. This can be optionally set.
+        NvU32                                   reserved_sourceId;      //!< Only for compatibility
+    };
+
+    NvU32                                   targetInfoCount;            //!< Number of elements in targetInfo array
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_TARGET_INFO_V2*   targetInfo;
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE_INFO_V1*   sourceModeInfo;             //!< May be NULL if mode info is not important
+    NvU32                                   IsNonNVIDIAAdapter : 1;     //!< True for non-NVIDIA adapter.
+    NvU32                                   reserved : 31;              //!< Must be 0
+    void                                    *pOSAdapterID;              //!< Used by Non-NVIDIA adapter for pointer to OS Adapter of LUID
+                                                                        //!< type, type casted to void *.
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V2;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_VER1                 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V1,1)
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_VER2                 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V2,2)
+
+#ifndef NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_VER
+
+typedef NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_V2 NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO;
+
+#define NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_VER                  NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO_VER2
+
+typedef NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE_INFO_V1 NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SOURCE_MODE_INFO;
+
+#endif
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef enum _NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_FLAGS
+{
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_VALIDATE_ONLY          = 0x00000001,
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_SAVE_TO_PERSISTENCE    = 0x00000002,
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_DRIVER_RELOAD_ALLOWED  = 0x00000004,               //!< Driver reload is permitted if necessary
+    NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_FORCE_MODE_ENUMERATION = 0x00000008,               //!< Refresh OS mode list.
+    NV_FORCE_COMMIT_VIDPN                   = 0x00000010,               //!< Tell OS to avoid optimizing CommitVidPn call during a modeset
+} NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_FLAGS;
+
+
+#define NVAPI_UNICODE_STRING_MAX                             2048
+#define NVAPI_BINARY_DATA_MAX                                4096
+
+typedef NvU16 NvAPI_UnicodeString[NVAPI_UNICODE_STRING_MAX];
+typedef const NvU16 *NvAPI_LPCWSTR;
+
+// Common
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+//! @{
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_CLOCKS            32
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCKS     32
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_CLOCKS       32
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGES     16
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_PSTATES      16
+//! @}
+
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGE_INFO_DOMAIN_ID
+{
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGE_INFO_DOMAIN_CORE      = 0,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGE_INFO_DOMAIN_UNDEFINED = NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGES,
+} NV_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGE_INFO_DOMAIN_ID;
+
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_ID
+{
+    NVAPI_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_GRAPHICS  = 0,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_MEMORY    = 4,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_PROCESSOR = 7,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_VIDEO     = 8,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_UNDEFINED = NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCKS,
+} NV_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_ID;
+
+
+//! \addtogroup gpupstate
+//! @{
+
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ID
+{
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P0 = 0,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P1,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P2,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P3,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P4,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P5,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P6,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P7,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P8,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P9,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P10,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P11,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P12,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P13,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P14,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_P15,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_UNDEFINED = NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_PSTATES,
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ALL,
+
+} NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ID;
+
+//! @}
+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup gpupstate
+//! @{
+
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_PSTATES          16
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_CLOCKS           8
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGES    4
+
+//! Used to identify clock type
+typedef enum
+{
+    //! Clock domains that use single frequency value within given pstate
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE20_CLOCK_TYPE_SINGLE = 0,
+
+    //! Clock domains that allow range of frequency values within given pstate
+    NVAPI_GPU_PERF_PSTATE20_CLOCK_TYPE_RANGE,
+} NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE20_CLOCK_TYPE_ID;
+
+//! Used to describe both voltage and frequency deltas
+typedef struct
+{
+    //! Value of parameter delta (in respective units [kHz, uV])
+    NvS32       value;
+
+    struct
+    {
+        //! Min value allowed for parameter delta (in respective units [kHz, uV])
+        NvS32   min;
+
+        //! Max value allowed for parameter delta (in respective units [kHz, uV])
+        NvS32   max;
+    } valueRange;
+} NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_PARAM_DELTA;
+
+//! Used to describe single clock entry
+typedef struct
+{
+    //! ID of the clock domain
+    NV_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_ID                      domainId;
+
+    //! Clock type ID
+    NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE20_CLOCK_TYPE_ID          typeId;
+    NvU32                                       bIsEditable:1;
+
+    //! These bits are reserved for future use (must be always 0)
+    NvU32                                       reserved:31;
+
+    //! Current frequency delta from nominal settings in (kHz)
+    NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_PARAM_DELTA           freqDelta_kHz;
+
+    //! Clock domain type dependant information
+    union
+    {
+        struct
+        {
+            //! Clock frequency within given pstate in (kHz)
+            NvU32                               freq_kHz;
+        } single;
+
+        struct
+        {
+            //! Min clock frequency within given pstate in (kHz)
+            NvU32                               minFreq_kHz;
+
+            //! Max clock frequency within given pstate in (kHz)
+            NvU32                               maxFreq_kHz;
+
+            //! Voltage domain ID and value range in (uV) required for this clock
+            NV_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGE_INFO_DOMAIN_ID  domainId;
+            NvU32                               minVoltage_uV;
+            NvU32                               maxVoltage_uV;
+        } range;
+    } data;
+} NV_GPU_PSTATE20_CLOCK_ENTRY_V1;
+
+//! Used to describe single base voltage entry
+typedef struct
+{
+    //! ID of the voltage domain
+    NV_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGE_INFO_DOMAIN_ID  domainId;
+    NvU32                               bIsEditable:1;
+
+    //! These bits are reserved for future use (must be always 0)
+    NvU32                               reserved:31;
+
+    //! Current base voltage settings in [uV]
+    NvU32                               volt_uV;
+
+    NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_PARAM_DELTA   voltDelta_uV; // Current base voltage delta from nominal settings in [uV]
+} NV_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGE_ENTRY_V1;
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetPstates20() interface call.
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    //! Version info of the structure (NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_VER<n>)
+    NvU32   version;
+
+    NvU32   bIsEditable:1;
+
+    //! These bits are reserved for future use (must be always 0)
+    NvU32   reserved:31;
+
+    //! Number of populated pstates
+    NvU32   numPstates;
+
+    //! Number of populated clocks (per pstate)
+    NvU32   numClocks;
+
+    //! Number of populated base voltages (per pstate)
+    NvU32   numBaseVoltages;
+
+    //! Performance state (P-State) settings
+    //! Valid index range is 0 to numPstates-1
+    struct
+    {
+    //! ID of the P-State
+        NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ID                   pstateId;
+
+        NvU32                                   bIsEditable:1;
+
+        //! These bits are reserved for future use (must be always 0)
+        NvU32                                   reserved:31;
+
+        //! Array of clock entries
+        //! Valid index range is 0 to numClocks-1
+        NV_GPU_PSTATE20_CLOCK_ENTRY_V1          clocks[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_CLOCKS];
+
+        //! Array of baseVoltage entries
+        //! Valid index range is 0 to numBaseVoltages-1
+        NV_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGE_ENTRY_V1   baseVoltages[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGES];
+    } pstates[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_PSTATES];
+} NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V1;
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetPstates20() interface call.
+
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V2
+{
+    //! Version info of the structure (NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_VER<n>)
+    NvU32   version;
+
+    NvU32   bIsEditable:1;
+
+    //! These bits are reserved for future use (must be always 0)
+    NvU32   reserved:31;
+
+    //! Number of populated pstates
+    NvU32   numPstates;
+
+    //! Number of populated clocks (per pstate)
+    NvU32   numClocks;
+
+    //! Number of populated base voltages (per pstate)
+    NvU32   numBaseVoltages;
+
+    //! Performance state (P-State) settings
+    //! Valid index range is 0 to numPstates-1
+    struct
+    {
+    //! ID of the P-State
+        NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ID                   pstateId;
+
+        NvU32                                   bIsEditable:1;
+
+        //! These bits are reserved for future use (must be always 0)
+        NvU32                                   reserved:31;
+
+        //! Array of clock entries
+        //! Valid index range is 0 to numClocks-1
+        NV_GPU_PSTATE20_CLOCK_ENTRY_V1          clocks[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_CLOCKS];
+
+        //! Array of baseVoltage entries
+        //! Valid index range is 0 to numBaseVoltages-1
+        NV_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGE_ENTRY_V1   baseVoltages[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGES];
+    } pstates[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_PSTATES];
+
+    //! OV settings - Please refer to NVIDIA over-volting recommendation to understand impact of this functionality
+    //! Valid index range is 0 to numVoltages-1
+    struct
+    {
+        //! Number of populated voltages
+        NvU32                                 numVoltages;
+
+        //! Array of voltage entries
+        //! Valid index range is 0 to numVoltages-1
+        NV_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGE_ENTRY_V1 voltages[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PSTATE20_BASE_VOLTAGES];
+    } ov;
+} NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V2;
+
+typedef NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V2   NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V1
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_VER1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V1,1)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V2
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_VER2 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V2,2)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V2
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_VER3 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_V2,3)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_VER  NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO_VER3
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetDisplayDriverVersion
+//! \fn NvAPI_GetDisplayDriverVersion(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_VERSION *pVersion)
+//! This function returns a struct that describes aspects of the display driver
+//!                build.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_SYS_GetDriverAndBranchVersion.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvDisplay NVIDIA display handle.
+//! \param [out] pVersion Pointer to NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_VERSION struc
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_ERROR
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_GetDisplayDriverVersion()
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32              version;             // Structure version
+    NvU32              drvVersion;           
+    NvU32              bldChangeListNum;     
+    NvAPI_ShortString  szBuildBranchString; 
+    NvAPI_ShortString  szAdapterString;
+} NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_VERSION;
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_VERSION_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_VERSION,1)
+
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_SYS_GetDriverAndBranchVersion.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetDisplayDriverVersion(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_VERSION *pVersion);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_OGL_ExpertModeSet[Get]
+//
+//! \name NvAPI_OGL_ExpertModeSet[Get] Functions
+//@{
+//!  This function configures OpenGL Expert Mode, an API usage feedback and
+//!  advice reporting mechanism. The effects of this call are
+//!  applied only to the current context, and are reset to the
+//!  defaults when the context is destroyed.
+//!
+//!  \note  This feature is valid at runtime only when GLExpert
+//!         functionality has been built into the OpenGL driver
+//!         installed on the system. All Windows Vista OpenGL
+//!         drivers provided by NVIDIA have this instrumentation
+//!         included by default. Windows XP, however, requires a
+//!         special display driver available with the NVIDIA
+//!         PerfSDK found at developer.nvidia.com.
+//!
+//!  \note These functions are valid only for the current OpenGL
+//!        context. Calling these functions prior to creating a
+//!        context and calling MakeCurrent with it will result
+//!        in errors and undefined behavior.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \param   expertDetailMask  Mask made up of NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL bits,
+//!                            this parameter specifies the detail level in
+//!                            the feedback stream.
+//!
+//! \param   expertReportMask  Mask made up of NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT bits,
+//!                            this parameter specifies the areas of
+//!                            functional interest.
+//!
+//! \param   expertOutputMask  Mask made up of NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_OUTPUT bits,
+//!                            this parameter specifies the feedback output
+//!                            location.
+//!
+//! \param   expertCallback    Used in conjunction with OUTPUT_TO_CALLBACK,
+//!                            this is a simple callback function the user
+//!                            may use to obtain the feedback stream. The
+//!                            function will be called once per fully
+//!                            qualified feedback stream extry.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          NVAPI not initialized
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND     No NVIDIA GPU found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OPENGL_CONTEXT_NOT_CURRENT  No NVIDIA OpenGL context
+//!                                            which supports GLExpert
+//!                                            has been made current
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                       OpenGL driver failed to load properly
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                          Success
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \addtogroup oglapi
+//! @{
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_NONE                 0x00000000
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_ERROR                0x00000001
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_SWFALLBACK           0x00000002
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_BASIC_INFO           0x00000004
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_DETAILED_INFO        0x00000008
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_PERFORMANCE_WARNING  0x00000010
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_QUALITY_WARNING      0x00000020
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_USAGE_WARNING        0x00000040
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL_ALL                  0xFFFFFFFF
+
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_NONE                 0x00000000
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_ERROR                0x00000001
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_SWFALLBACK           0x00000002
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_VERTEX      0x00000004
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_GEOMETRY    0x00000008
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_XFB         0x00000010
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_RASTER      0x00000020
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_FRAGMENT    0x00000040
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_ROP         0x00000080
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_FRAMEBUFFER 0x00000100
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_PIXEL       0x00000200
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_PIPELINE_TEXTURE     0x00000400
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_OBJECT_BUFFEROBJECT  0x00000800
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_OBJECT_TEXTURE       0x00001000
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_OBJECT_PROGRAM       0x00002000
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_OBJECT_FBO           0x00004000
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_FEATURE_SLI          0x00008000
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT_ALL                  0xFFFFFFFF
+
+
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_OUTPUT_TO_NONE       0x00000000
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_OUTPUT_TO_CONSOLE    0x00000001
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_OUTPUT_TO_DEBUGGER   0x00000004
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_OUTPUT_TO_CALLBACK   0x00000008
+#define NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_OUTPUT_TO_ALL        0xFFFFFFFF
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION TYPE: NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_CALLBACK
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Used in conjunction with OUTPUT_TO_CALLBACK, this is a simple 
+//!                callback function the user may use to obtain the feedback 
+//!                stream. The function will be called once per fully qualified 
+//!                feedback stream entry.
+//!
+//!   \param   categoryId    Contains the bit from the NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT 
+//!                          mask that corresponds to the current message
+//!   \param   messageId     Unique ID for the current message
+//!   \param   detailLevel   Contains the bit from the NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_DETAIL
+//!                          mask that corresponds to the current message
+//!   \param   objectId      Unique ID of the object that corresponds to the
+//!                          current message
+//!   \param   messageStr    Text string from the current message
+//!
+//!   \ingroup oglapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+typedef void (* NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_CALLBACK) (unsigned int categoryId, unsigned int messageId, unsigned int detailLevel, int objectId, const char *messageStr);
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup oglapi
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_OGL_ExpertModeSet(NvU32 expertDetailLevel,
+                                        NvU32 expertReportMask,
+                                        NvU32 expertOutputMask,
+                     NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_CALLBACK expertCallback);
+
+//! \addtogroup oglapi
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_OGL_ExpertModeGet(NvU32 *pExpertDetailLevel,
+                                        NvU32 *pExpertReportMask,
+                                        NvU32 *pExpertOutputMask,
+                     NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_CALLBACK *pExpertCallback);
+
+//@}
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//! \name NvAPI_OGL_ExpertModeDefaultsSet[Get] Functions
+//!
+//@{
+//!  This function configures OpenGL Expert Mode global defaults. These settings
+//!  apply to any OpenGL application which starts up after these
+//!  values are applied (i.e. these settings *do not* apply to
+//!  currently running applications).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \param   expertDetailLevel Value which specifies the detail level in
+//!                            the feedback stream. This is a mask made up
+//!                            of NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_LEVEL bits.
+//!
+//! \param   expertReportMask  Mask made up of NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_REPORT bits,
+//!                            this parameter specifies the areas of
+//!                            functional interest.
+//!
+//! \param   expertOutputMask  Mask made up of NVAPI_OGLEXPERT_OUTPUT bits,
+//!                            this parameter specifies the feedback output
+//!                            location. Note that using OUTPUT_TO_CALLBACK
+//!                            here is meaningless and has no effect, but
+//!                            using it will not cause an error.
+//!
+//! \return  ::NVAPI_ERROR or ::NVAPI_OK
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup oglapi
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_OGL_ExpertModeDefaultsSet(NvU32 expertDetailLevel,
+                                                NvU32 expertReportMask,
+                                                NvU32 expertOutputMask);
+
+//! \addtogroup oglapi
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_OGL_ExpertModeDefaultsGet(NvU32 *pExpertDetailLevel,
+                                                NvU32 *pExpertReportMask,
+                                                NvU32 *pExpertOutputMask);
+//@}
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_EnumTCCPhysicalGPUs
+//
+//! This function returns an array of physical GPU handles that are in TCC Mode.
+//! Each handle represents a physical GPU present in the system in TCC Mode.
+//! That GPU may not be visible to the OS directly.
+//!
+//! The array nvGPUHandle will be filled with physical GPU handle values. The returned
+//! gpuCount determines how many entries in the array are valid.
+//!
+//! NOTE: Handles enumerated by this API are only valid for NvAPIs that are tagged as TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!       If handle is passed to any other API, it will fail with NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE
+//!
+//!       For WDDM GPU handles please use NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs()
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [out]   nvGPUHandle      Physical GPU array that will contain all TCC Physical GPUs
+//! \param [out]   pGpuCount        count represent the number of valid entries in nvGPUHandle
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         nvGPUHandle or pGpuCount is NULL
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_EnumTCCPhysicalGPUs( NvPhysicalGpuHandle nvGPUHandle[NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS], NvU32 *pGpuCount);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_EnumLogicalGPUs
+//
+//! This function returns an array of logical GPU handles.
+//!
+//! Each handle represents one or more GPUs acting in concert as a single graphics device.
+//!
+//! At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//!
+//! The array nvGPUHandle will be filled with logical GPU handle values.  The returned
+//! gpuCount determines how many entries in the array are valid.
+//!
+//! \note All logical GPUs handles get invalidated on a GPU topology change, so the calling
+//!       application is required to renum the logical GPU handles to get latest physical handle
+//!       mapping after every GPU topology change.
+//!
+//! To detect if SLI rendering is enabled, use NvAPI_D3D_GetCurrentSLIState().
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         nvGPUHandle or pGpuCount is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_EnumLogicalGPUs(NvLogicalGpuHandle nvGPUHandle[NVAPI_MAX_LOGICAL_GPUS], NvU32 *pGpuCount);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUsFromDisplay
+//
+//! This function returns an array of physical GPU handles associated with the specified display.
+//!
+//! At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//!
+//! The array nvGPUHandle will be filled with physical GPU handle values.  The returned
+//! gpuCount determines how many entries in the array are valid.
+//!
+//! If the display corresponds to more than one physical GPU, the first GPU returned
+//! is the one with the attached active output.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         hNvDisp is not valid; nvGPUHandle or pGpuCount is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  no NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUsFromDisplay(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisp, NvPhysicalGpuHandle nvGPUHandle[NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS], NvU32 *pGpuCount);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUFromUnAttachedDisplay
+//
+//! This function returns a physical GPU handle associated with the specified unattached display.
+//! The source GPU is a physical render GPU which renders the frame buffer but may or may not drive the scan out.
+//!
+//! At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         hNvUnAttachedDisp is not valid or pPhysicalGpu is NULL.
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUFromUnAttachedDisplay(NvUnAttachedDisplayHandle hNvUnAttachedDisp, NvPhysicalGpuHandle *pPhysicalGpu);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetLogicalGPUFromDisplay
+//
+//! This function returns the logical GPU handle associated with the specified display.
+//! At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//! hNvDisp can be NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle enumerated from NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         hNvDisp is not valid; pLogicalGPU is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetLogicalGPUFromDisplay(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisp, NvLogicalGpuHandle *pLogicalGPU);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetLogicalGPUFromPhysicalGPU
+//
+//! This function returns the logical GPU handle associated with specified physical GPU handle.
+//! At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         hPhysicalGPU is not valid; pLogicalGPU is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetLogicalGPUFromPhysicalGPU(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGPU, NvLogicalGpuHandle *pLogicalGPU);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUsFromLogicalGPU
+//
+//!  This function returns the physical GPU handles associated with the specified logical GPU handle.
+//!  At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//!
+//!  The array hPhysicalGPU will be filled with physical GPU handle values.  The returned
+//!  gpuCount determines how many entries in the array are valid.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             hLogicalGPU is not valid; hPhysicalGPU is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                           One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND      No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval NVAPI_EXPECTED_LOGICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hLogicalGPU was not a logical GPU handle
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUsFromLogicalGPU(NvLogicalGpuHandle hLogicalGPU,NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGPU[NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS], NvU32 *pGpuCount);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUFromGPUID
+//
+//!  Do not use this function for new software development.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         gpuId is zero or pPhysicalGPU is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       Handle was returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetPhysicalGPUFromGPUID(NvU32 gpuId, NvPhysicalGpuHandle *pPhysicalGPU);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetGPUIDfromPhysicalGPU
+//
+//!  Do not use this function for new software development.
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         hPhysicalGpu is NULL or invalid. Re-enumerate the GPU handles.
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       Handle was returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetGPUIDfromPhysicalGPU(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pGpuId);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetShaderSubPipeCount
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function retrieves the number of Shader SubPipes on the GPU
+//!                On newer architectures, this corresponds to the number of SM units
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 170
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT: pCount is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK: *pCount is set
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND: no NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE: hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//!
+//! \ingroup   gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetShaderSubPipeCount(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pCount);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetGpuCoreCount
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Retrieves the total number of cores defined for a GPU.
+//!                Returns 0 on architectures that don't define GPU cores.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              pCount is NULL
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                            *pCount is set
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       no NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED                 API call is not supported on current architecture
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetGpuCoreCount(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pCount);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetAllOutputs
+//
+//!  This function returns set of all GPU-output identifiers as a bitmask.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetAllDisplayIds.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pOutputsMask is NULL.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_OK                           *pOutputsMask contains a set of GPU-output identifiers.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetAllDisplayIds.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetAllOutputs(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pOutputsMask);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs
+//
+//! This function is the same as NvAPI_GPU_GetAllOutputs() but returns only the set of GPU output
+//! identifiers that are connected to display devices.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pOutputsMask is NULL.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_OK                           *pOutputsMask contains a set of GPU-output identifiers.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pOutputsMask);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedSLIOutputs
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function is the same as NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs() but returns only the set of GPU-output
+//!                identifiers that can be selected in an SLI configuration.
+//!                 NOTE: This function matches NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs()
+//!                 - On systems which are not SLI capable.
+//!                 - If the queried GPU is not part of a valid SLI group.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 170
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pOutputsMask is NULL
+//! \retval   NVAPI_OK                           *pOutputsMask contains a set of GPU-output identifiers
+//! \retval   NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval   NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE: hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedSLIOutputs(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pOutputsMask);
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_UNINITIALIZED = 0,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_VGA,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_COMPONENT,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_SVIDEO,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_HDMI,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_DVI,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_LVDS,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_DP,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_COMPOSITE,
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE_UNKNOWN =  -1
+} NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE;
+
+
+//! \addtogroup gpu
+//! @{
+#define NV_GPU_CONNECTED_IDS_FLAG_UNCACHED          NV_BIT(0) //!< Get uncached connected devices
+#define NV_GPU_CONNECTED_IDS_FLAG_SLI               NV_BIT(1) //!< Get devices such that those can be selected in an SLI configuration
+#define NV_GPU_CONNECTED_IDS_FLAG_LIDSTATE          NV_BIT(2) //!< Get devices such that to reflect the Lid State
+#define NV_GPU_CONNECTED_IDS_FLAG_FAKE              NV_BIT(3) //!< Get devices that includes the fake connected monitors
+#define NV_GPU_CONNECTED_IDS_FLAG_EXCLUDE_MST       NV_BIT(4) //!< Excludes devices that are part of the multi stream topology.
+
+//! @}
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS
+{
+    NvU32    version;
+    NV_MONITOR_CONN_TYPE connectorType;     //!< out: vga, tv, dvi, hdmi and dp. This is reserved for future use and clients should not rely on this information.
+    NvU32    displayId;                     //!< this is a unique identifier for each device
+
+    NvU32    isDynamic              : 1;    //!< if bit is set then this display is part of MST topology and it's a dynamic
+    NvU32    isMultiStreamRootNode  : 1;    //!< if bit is set then this displayID belongs to a multi stream enabled connector(root node). Note that when multi stream is enabled and
+                                            //!< a single multi stream capable monitor is connected to it, the monitor will share the display id with the RootNode.
+                                            //!< When there is more than one monitor connected in a multi stream topology, then the root node will have a separate displayId.
+    NvU32    isActive               : 1;    //!< if bit is set then this display is being actively driven
+    NvU32    isCluster              : 1;    //!< if bit is set then this display is the representative display
+    NvU32    isOSVisible            : 1;    //!< if bit is set, then this display is reported to the OS
+    NvU32    isWFD                  : 1;    //!< Deprecated. Will always return 0.
+    NvU32    isConnected            : 1;    //!< if bit is set, then this display is connected
+
+    NvU32    reservedInternal       : 10;    //!< Do not use
+    NvU32    isPhysicallyConnected  : 1;    //!< if bit is set, then this display is a phycially connected display; Valid only when isConnected bit is set
+    NvU32    reserved               : 14;   //!< must be zero
+} NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS
+#define NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS,1)
+#define NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS_VER2          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS,3)
+
+#define NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS_VER NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS_VER2
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds
+//
+//! 
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Due to space limitation NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs can return maximum 32 devices, but
+//!                this is no longer true for DPMST. NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds will return all
+//!                the connected display devices in the form of displayIds for the associated hPhysicalGpu.
+//!                This function can accept set of flags to request cached, uncached, sli and lid to get the connected devices.
+//!                Default value for flags will be cached .
+//!
+//! HOW TO USE: 1) for each PhysicalGpu, make a call to get the number of connected displayId's
+//!                using NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds by passing the pDisplayIds as NULL
+//!                On call success:
+//!
+//!             2) If pDisplayIdCount is greater than 0, allocate memory based on pDisplayIdCount. Then make a call NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds to populate DisplayIds.
+//!                However, if pDisplayIdCount is 0, do not make this call.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hPhysicalGpu   - GPU selection
+//! \param [in]     flags          - One or more defines from NV_GPU_CONNECTED_IDS_FLAG_* as valid flags.
+//! \param [in,out]     pDisplayIds   - Pointer to an NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS struct, each entry represents a one displayID and its attributes
+//! \param [in]     pDisplayIdCount - Number of displayId's.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT: hPhysicalGpu or pDisplayIds or pDisplayIdCount is NULL
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK: *pDisplayIds contains a set of GPU-output identifiers
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND: no NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE: hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//! 
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,  __inout_ecount_part_opt(*pDisplayIdCount, *pDisplayIdCount) NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS* pDisplayIds, __inout NvU32* pDisplayIdCount, __in NvU32 flags);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetAllDisplayIds
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns display IDs for all possible outputs on the GPU.
+//!                For DPMST connector, it will return display IDs for all the video sinks in the topology. \n
+//! HOW TO USE: 1. The first call should be made to get the all display ID count. To get the display ID count, send in \n
+//!                  a) hPhysicalGpu    - a valid GPU handle(enumerated using NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs()) as input,      \n
+//!                  b) pDisplayIds     - NULL, as we just want to get the display ID count.                           \n
+//!                  c) pDisplayIdCount - a valid pointer to NvU32, whose value is set to ZERO.                        \n
+//!                If all parameters are correct and this call is successful, this call will return the display ID's count. \n
+//!             2. To get the display ID array, make the second call to NvAPI_GPU_GetAllDisplayIds() with              \n
+//!                  a) hPhysicalGpu    - should be same value which was sent in first call,                           \n
+//!                  b) pDisplayIds     - pointer to the display ID array allocated by caller based on display ID count,    \n
+//!                                       eg. malloc(sizeof(NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS) * pDisplayIdCount).                     \n
+//!                  c) pDisplayIdCount - a valid pointer to NvU32. This indicates for how many display IDs            \n
+//!                                       the memory is allocated(pDisplayIds) by the caller.                          \n
+//!                If all parameters are correct and this call is successful, this call will return the display ID array and actual
+//!                display ID count (which was obtained in the first call to NvAPI_GPU_GetAllDisplayIds). If the input display ID count is
+//!                less than the actual display ID count, it will overwrite the input and give the pDisplayIdCount as actual count and the
+//!                API will return NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hPhysicalGpu         GPU selection.
+//! \param [in,out] DisplayIds           Pointer to an array of NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS structures, each entry represents one displayID
+//!                                      and its attributes.
+//! \param [in,out] pDisplayIdCount      As input, this parameter indicates the number of display's id's for which caller has
+//!                                      allocated the memory. As output, it will return the actual number of display IDs.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER  When the input buffer(pDisplayIds) is less than the actual number of display IDs, this API
+//!                                     will return NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetAllDisplayIds(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout_ecount_part_opt(*pDisplayIdCount, *pDisplayIdCount) NV_GPU_DISPLAYIDS* pDisplayIds, __inout NvU32* pDisplayIdCount);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputsWithLidState
+//
+//!  This function is similar to NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs(), and returns the connected display identifiers that are connected
+//!  as an output mask but unlike NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs() this API "always" reflects the Lid State in the output mask.
+//!  Thus if you expect the LID close state to be available in the connection mask use this API.
+//!  - If LID is closed then this API will remove the LID panel from the connected display identifiers.
+//!  - If LID is open then this API will reflect the LID panel in the connected display identifiers.
+//!
+//! \note This API should be used on notebook systems and on systems where the LID state is required in the connection
+//!       output mask. On desktop systems the returned identifiers will match NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputs().
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pOutputsMask is NULL
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pOutputsMask contains a set of GPU-output identifiers
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputsWithLidState(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pOutputsMask);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedSLIOutputsWithLidState
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function is the same as NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputsWithLidState() but returns only the set
+//!                of GPU-output identifiers that can be selected in an SLI configuration. With SLI disabled,
+//!                this function matches NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedOutputsWithLidState().
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 170
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pOutputsMask is NULL
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pOutputsMask contains a set of GPU-output identifiers
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedDisplayIds.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetConnectedSLIOutputsWithLidState(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pOutputsMask);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetSystemType
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetSystemType(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_SYSTEM_TYPE *pSystemType)
+//!  This function identifies whether the GPU is a notebook GPU or a desktop GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pOutputsMask is NULL
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pSystemType contains the GPU system type
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE: hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetSystemType()
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_SYSTEM_TYPE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    NV_SYSTEM_TYPE_LAPTOP  = 1,
+    NV_SYSTEM_TYPE_DESKTOP = 2,
+
+} NV_SYSTEM_TYPE;
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetSystemType(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_SYSTEM_TYPE *pSystemType);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetActiveOutputs
+//
+//!  This function is the same as NvAPI_GPU_GetAllOutputs but returns only the set of GPU output
+//!  identifiers that are actively driving display devices.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \retval    NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pOutputsMask is NULL.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_OK                           *pOutputsMask contains a set of GPU-output identifiers.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetActiveOutputs(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pOutputsMask);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_SetEDID
+//
+//!  Thus function sets the EDID data for the specified GPU handle and connection bit mask.
+//!  User can either send (Gpu handle & output id)  or only display Id in variable displayOutputId parameter & hPhysicalGpu parameter can be default handle (0).
+//!  \note The EDID will be cached across the boot session and will be enumerated to the OS in this call.
+//!        To remove the EDID set sizeofEDID to zero.
+//!        OS and NVAPI connection status APIs will reflect the newly set or removed EDID dynamically.
+//!
+//!                This feature will NOT be supported on the following boards:
+//!                - GeForce
+//!                - Quadro VX
+//!                - Tesla
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 100
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              pEDID is NULL; displayOutputId has 0 or > 1 bits set
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pEDID data was applied to the requested displayOutputId.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE: hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED                 For the above mentioned GPUs
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_USER_PRIVILEGE        The application will require Administrator privileges to access this API.
+//!                                              The application can be elevated to a higher permission level by selecting "Run as Administrator".
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_SetEDID(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 displayOutputId, NV_EDID *pEDID);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetOutputType
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetOutputType(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 outputId, NV_GPU_OUTPUT_TYPE *pOutputType)
+//!  This function returns the output type. User can either specify both 'physical GPU handle and outputId (exactly 1 bit set - see \ref handles)' or
+//!  a valid displayId in the outputId parameter.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \Version Earliest supported ForceWare version: 82.61
+//!
+//! \retval     NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              outputId, pOutputType is NULL; or if outputId parameter is not displayId and either it has > 1 bit set or hPhysicalGpu is NULL.
+//! \retval     NVAPI_OK                           *pOutputType contains a NvGpuOutputType value
+//! \retval     NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval     NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! used in NvAPI_GPU_GetOutputType()
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_OUTPUT_TYPE
+{
+    NVAPI_GPU_OUTPUT_UNKNOWN  = 0,
+    NVAPI_GPU_OUTPUT_CRT      = 1,     //!<  CRT display device
+    NVAPI_GPU_OUTPUT_DFP      = 2,     //!<  Digital Flat Panel display device
+    NVAPI_GPU_OUTPUT_TV       = 3,     //!<  TV display device
+} NV_GPU_OUTPUT_TYPE;
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetOutputType(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 outputId, NV_GPU_OUTPUT_TYPE *pOutputType);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ValidateOutputCombination
+//
+//!  This function determines if a set of GPU outputs can be active
+//!  simultaneously.  While a GPU may have <n> outputs, typically they cannot
+//!  all be active at the same time due to internal resource sharing.
+//!
+//!  Given a physical GPU handle and a mask of candidate outputs, this call
+//!  will return NVAPI_OK if all of the specified outputs can be driven
+//!  simultaneously.  It will return NVAPI_INVALID_COMBINATION if they cannot.
+//!
+//!  Use NvAPI_GPU_GetAllOutputs() to determine which outputs are candidates.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                            Combination of outputs in outputsMask are valid (can be active simultaneously).
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_COMBINATION           Combination of outputs in outputsMask are NOT valid.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or outputsMask does not have at least 2 bits set.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ValidateOutputCombination(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 outputsMask);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetFullName
+//
+//!  This function retrieves the full GPU name as an ASCII string - for example, "Quadro FX 1400".
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \return  NVAPI_ERROR or NVAPI_OK
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetFullName(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvAPI_ShortString szName);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetPCIIdentifiers
+//
+//!  This function returns the PCI identifiers associated with this GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \param   DeviceId      The internal PCI device identifier for the GPU.
+//! \param   SubSystemId   The internal PCI subsystem identifier for the GPU.
+//! \param   RevisionId    The internal PCI device-specific revision identifier for the GPU.
+//! \param   ExtDeviceId   The external PCI device identifier for the GPU.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or an argument is NULL
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                            Arguments are populated with PCI identifiers
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetPCIIdentifiers(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pDeviceId,NvU32 *pSubSystemId,NvU32 *pRevisionId,NvU32 *pExtDeviceId);
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetGPUType().
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_TYPE
+{
+    NV_SYSTEM_TYPE_GPU_UNKNOWN     = 0,
+    NV_SYSTEM_TYPE_IGPU            = 1, //!< Integrated GPU
+    NV_SYSTEM_TYPE_DGPU            = 2, //!< Discrete GPU
+} NV_GPU_TYPE;
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetGPUType
+//
+//!  DESCRIPTION: This function returns the GPU type (integrated or discrete).
+//!               See ::NV_GPU_TYPE.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 173
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pGpuType contains the GPU type
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE: hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//!
+//!  \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetGPUType(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_TYPE *pGpuType);
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetBusType()
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_BUS_TYPE
+{
+    NVAPI_GPU_BUS_TYPE_UNDEFINED    = 0,
+    NVAPI_GPU_BUS_TYPE_PCI          = 1,
+    NVAPI_GPU_BUS_TYPE_AGP          = 2,
+    NVAPI_GPU_BUS_TYPE_PCI_EXPRESS  = 3,
+    NVAPI_GPU_BUS_TYPE_FPCI         = 4,
+    NVAPI_GPU_BUS_TYPE_AXI          = 5,
+} NV_GPU_BUS_TYPE;
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetBusType
+//
+//!  This function returns the type of bus associated with this GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!              specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             hPhysicalGpu or pBusType is NULL.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_OK                          *pBusType contains bus identifier.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetBusType(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NV_GPU_BUS_TYPE *pBusType);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetBusId
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Returns the ID of the bus associated with this GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 167
+//!
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pBusId is NULL.
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pBusId contains the bus ID.
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//!
+//!  \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetBusId(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pBusId);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetBusSlotId
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Returns the ID of the bus slot associated with this GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 167
+//!
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pBusSlotId is NULL.
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pBusSlotId contains the bus slot ID.
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//!
+//!  \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetBusSlotId(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pBusSlotId);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetIRQ
+//
+//!  This function returns the interrupt number associated with this GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pIRQ is NULL.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pIRQ contains interrupt number.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetIRQ(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pIRQ);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosRevision
+//
+//!  This function returns the revision of the video BIOS associated with this GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval    NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT               hPhysicalGpu or pBiosRevision is NULL.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_OK                            *pBiosRevision contains revision number.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND        No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE   hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup   gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosRevision(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pBiosRevision);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosOEMRevision
+//
+//!  This function returns the OEM revision of the video BIOS associated with this GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval    NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu or pBiosRevision is NULL
+//! \retval    NVAPI_OK                           *pBiosRevision contains revision number
+//! \retval    NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval    NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//! \ingroup   gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosOEMRevision(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pBiosRevision);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosVersionString
+//
+//!  This function returns the full video BIOS version string in the form of xx.xx.xx.xx.yy where
+//!  - xx numbers come from NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosRevision() and
+//!  - yy comes from NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosOEMRevision().
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              hPhysicalGpu is NULL.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_OK                            szBiosRevision contains version string.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetVbiosVersionString(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvAPI_ShortString szBiosRevision);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetAGPAperture
+//
+//!  This function returns the AGP aperture in megabytes.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 455.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 455.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetAGPAperture(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pSize);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetCurrentAGPRate
+//
+//!  This function returns the current AGP Rate (0 = AGP not present, 1 = 1x, 2 = 2x, etc.).
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 455.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 455.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetCurrentAGPRate(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pRate);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetCurrentPCIEDownstreamWidth
+//
+//!  This function returns the number of PCIE lanes being used for the PCIE interface
+//!  downstream from the GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              pWidth is NULL.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                            Call successful.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetCurrentPCIEDownstreamWidth(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pWidth);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetPhysicalFrameBufferSize
+//
+//!   This function returns the physical size of framebuffer in KB.  This does NOT include any
+//!   system RAM that may be dedicated for use by the GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              pSize is NULL
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                            Call successful
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetPhysicalFrameBufferSize(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pSize);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetVirtualFrameBufferSize
+//
+//!  This function returns the virtual size of framebuffer in KB.  This includes the physical RAM plus any
+//!  system RAM that has been dedicated for use by the GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              pSize is NULL.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                            Call successful.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND       No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu was not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetVirtualFrameBufferSize(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,NvU32 *pSize);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetQuadroStatus
+//
+//!  This function retrieves the Quadro status for the GPU (1 if Quadro, 0 if GeForce)
+//!
+//!  This API is deprecated and it is recommended to instead query 
+//!  NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_PROVIZ support from the API
+//!  NvAPI_GPU_QueryWorkstationFeatureSupport.
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 460.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \return  NVAPI_ERROR or NVAPI_OK
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 460.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetQuadroStatus(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pStatus);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_BOARD_INFO
+{
+    NvU32 version;                   //!< structure version
+    NvU8 BoardNum[16];               //!< Board Serial Number
+
+}NV_BOARD_INFO_V1;
+
+#define NV_BOARD_INFO_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_BOARD_INFO_V1,1)
+#ifndef NV_BOARD_INFO_VER
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef NV_BOARD_INFO_V1    NV_BOARD_INFO;
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_BOARD_INFO_VER   NV_BOARD_INFO_VER1
+#endif
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetBoardInfo
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API Retrieves the Board information (a unique GPU Board Serial Number) stored in the InfoROM.
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hPhysicalGpu       Physical GPU Handle.
+//! \param [in,out]  NV_BOARD_INFO      Board Information.
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                     completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                  miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  handle passed is not a physical GPU handle
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED            NVAPI not initialized
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER               pBoardInfo is NULL
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION   the version of the INFO struct is not supported
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetBoardInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_BOARD_INFO *pBoardInfo);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetRamBusWidth
+//
+//!  This function returns the width of the GPU's RAM memory bus.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 100
+//!
+//!  \return NVAPI_ERROR or NVAPI_OK
+//!  \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetRamBusWidth(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *pBusWidth);
+
+
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetArchInfo()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;
+
+    NvU32 architecture;
+    NvU32 implementation;
+    NvU32 revision;
+
+} NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_V1;
+
+//! NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO() values to identify Architecture level for the GPU.
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_ID
+{
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_T2X   = 0xE0000020,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_T3X   = 0xE0000030,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_T4X   = 0xE0000040,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_T12X  = 0xE0000040,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_NV40  = 0x00000040,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_NV50  = 0x00000050,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_G78   = 0x00000060,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_G80   = 0x00000080,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_G90   = 0x00000090,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GT200 = 0x000000A0,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GF100 = 0x000000C0,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GF110 = 0x000000D0,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GK100 = 0x000000E0,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GK110 = 0x000000F0,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GK200 = 0x00000100,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GM000 = 0x00000110,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GM200 = 0x00000120,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GP100 = 0x00000130,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GV100 = 0x00000140,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GV110 = 0x00000150,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_TU100 = 0x00000160,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_GA100 = 0x00000170,
+    NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_AD100 = 0x00000190,
+
+}NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_ID;
+
+//! NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO() values to identify GPU Architecture Implementation.
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_ID
+{
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_T20    = 0x00000000,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_T30    = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_T35    = 0x00000005,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_T40    = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_T124   = 0x00000000,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV40   = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV41   = 0x00000001,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV42   = 0x00000002,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV43   = 0x00000003,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV44   = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV44A  = 0x0000000A,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV46   = 0x00000006,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV47   = 0x00000007,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV49   = 0x00000009,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV4B   = 0x0000000B,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV4C   = 0x0000000C,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV4E   = 0x0000000E,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV50   = 0x00000000,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV63   = 0x00000003,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_NV67   = 0x00000007,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_G84    = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_G86    = 0x00000006,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_G92    = 0x00000002,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_G94    = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_G96    = 0x00000006,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_G98    = 0x00000008,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT200  = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT212  = 0x00000002,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT214  = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT215  = 0x00000003,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT216  = 0x00000005,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT218  = 0x00000008,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_MCP77  = 0x0000000A,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT21C  = 0x0000000B,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_MCP79  = 0x0000000C,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GT21A  = 0x0000000D,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_MCP89  = 0x0000000F,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF100  = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF104  = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF106  = 0x00000003,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF108  = 0x00000001,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF110  = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF116  = 0x00000006,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF117  = 0x00000007,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF118  = 0x00000008,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GF119  = 0x00000009,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GK104  = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GK106  = 0x00000006,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GK107  = 0x00000007,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GK20A  = 0x0000000A,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GK110  = 0x00000000,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GK208  = 0x00000008,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GM204  = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GM206  = 0x00000006,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GP100  = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GP000  = 0x00000001,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GP102  = 0x00000002,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GP104  = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GP106  = 0x00000006,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GP107  = 0x00000007,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GP108  = 0x00000008,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GV100  = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GV10B  = 0x0000000B,
+    
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_TU100  = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_TU102  = 0x00000002,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_TU104  = 0x00000004,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_TU106  = 0x00000006,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_TU116  = 0x00000008,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_TU117  = 0x00000007,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_TU000  = 0x00000001,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GA100  = 0x00000000,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GA102  = 0x00000002,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_GA104  = 0x00000004,
+
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_AD102  = 0x00000002,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_AD103  = 0x00000003,
+    NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_AD104  = 0x00000004,
+
+}NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_ID;
+
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_CHIP_REVISION
+{
+    NV_GPU_CHIP_REV_EMULATION_QT        = 0x00000000,   //!< QT chip
+    NV_GPU_CHIP_REV_EMULATION_FPGA      = 0x00000001,   //!< FPGA implementation of the chipset
+    NV_GPU_CHIP_REV_A01                 = 0x00000011,   //!< First silicon chipset revision
+    NV_GPU_CHIP_REV_A02                 = 0x00000012,   //!< Second Silicon chipset revision
+    NV_GPU_CHIP_REV_A03                 = 0x00000013,   //!< Third Silicon chipset revision
+    NV_GPU_CHIP_REV_UNKNOWN             = 0xffffffff,   //!< Unknown chip revision
+}NV_GPU_CHIP_REVISION;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetArchInfo()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;
+
+    union
+    {
+        NvU32                           architecture;       //!< architecture and architecture_id are the same. The former is NvU32 while the latter is an enum made for readability.
+        NV_GPU_ARCHITECTURE_ID          architecture_id;    //!< specifies the architecture level for the GPU.
+    };
+    union
+    {
+        NvU32                           implementation;     //!< implementation and implementation_id are the same. The former is NvU32 while the latter is an enum made for readability.
+        NV_GPU_ARCH_IMPLEMENTATION_ID   implementation_id;  //!< specifies the implementation of the architecture for the GPU.
+    };
+    union
+    {
+        NvU32                           revision;           //!< revision and revision_id are the same. The former is NvU32 while the latter is an enum made for readability.
+        NV_GPU_CHIP_REVISION            revision_id;        //!< specifies the architecture revision of the GPU.
+    };
+
+} NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_V2;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_V2 NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_VER_1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_V1,1)
+#define NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_VER_2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_V2,2)
+#define NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_VER    NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO_VER_2
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetArchInfo
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetArchInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO *pGpuArchInfo)
+//!  This function retrieves the architecture, implementation and chip revision for the specified GPU .
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED       
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetArchInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_ARCH_INFO *pGpuArchInfo);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  I2C API
+//  Provides ability to read or write data using I2C protocol.
+//  These APIs allow I2C access only to DDC monitors
+
+
+//! \ingroup i2capi
+//! @{
+#define NVAPI_MAX_SIZEOF_I2C_DATA_BUFFER    4096
+#define NVAPI_MAX_SIZEOF_I2C_REG_ADDRESS       4
+#define NVAPI_DISPLAY_DEVICE_MASK_MAX         24
+#define NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_DEPRECATED        0xFFFF
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_DEFAULT,    //!< Set i2cSpeedKhz to I2C_SPEED_DEFAULT if default I2C speed is to be chosen, ie.use the current frequency setting.
+    NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_3KHZ,
+    NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_10KHZ,
+    NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_33KHZ,
+    NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_100KHZ,
+    NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_200KHZ,
+    NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_400KHZ,
+} NV_I2C_SPEED;
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_I2CRead() and NvAPI_I2CWrite()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                   version;            //!< The structure version.
+    NvU32                   displayMask;        //!< The Display Mask of the concerned display.
+    NvU8                    bIsDDCPort;         //!< This flag indicates either the DDC port (TRUE) or the communication port
+                                                //!< (FALSE) of the concerned display.
+    NvU8                    i2cDevAddress;      //!< The address of the I2C slave.  The address should be shifted left by one.  For
+                                                //!< example, the I2C address 0x50, often used for reading EDIDs, would be stored
+                                                //!< here as 0xA0.  This matches the position within the byte sent by the master, as
+                                                //!< the last bit is reserved to specify the read or write direction.
+    NvU8*                   pbI2cRegAddress;    //!< The I2C target register address.  May be NULL, which indicates no register
+                                                //!< address should be sent.
+    NvU32                   regAddrSize;        //!< The size in bytes of target register address.  If pbI2cRegAddress is NULL, this
+                                                //!< field must be 0.
+    NvU8*                   pbData;             //!< The buffer of data which is to be read or written (depending on the command).
+    NvU32                   cbSize;             //!< The size of the data buffer, pbData, to be read or written.
+    NvU32                   i2cSpeed;           //!< The target speed of the transaction (between 28Kbps to 40Kbps; not guaranteed).
+} NV_I2C_INFO_V1;
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_I2CRead() and NvAPI_I2CWrite()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                   version;            //!< The structure version.
+    NvU32                   displayMask;        //!< The Display Mask of the concerned display.
+    NvU8                    bIsDDCPort;         //!< This flag indicates either the DDC port (TRUE) or the communication port
+                                                //!< (FALSE) of the concerned display.
+    NvU8                    i2cDevAddress;      //!< The address of the I2C slave.  The address should be shifted left by one.  For
+                                                //!< example, the I2C address 0x50, often used for reading EDIDs, would be stored
+                                                //!< here as 0xA0.  This matches the position within the byte sent by the master, as
+                                                //!< the last bit is reserved to specify the read or write direction.
+    NvU8*                   pbI2cRegAddress;    //!< The I2C target register address.  May be NULL, which indicates no register
+                                                //!< address should be sent.
+    NvU32                   regAddrSize;        //!< The size in bytes of target register address.  If pbI2cRegAddress is NULL, this
+                                                //!< field must be 0.
+    NvU8*                   pbData;             //!< The buffer of data which is to be read or written (depending on the command).
+    NvU32                   cbSize;             //!< The size of the data buffer, pbData, to be read or written.
+    NvU32                   i2cSpeed;           //!< Deprecated, Must be set to NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_DEPRECATED.
+    NV_I2C_SPEED            i2cSpeedKhz;        //!< The target speed of the transaction in (kHz) (Chosen from the enum NV_I2C_SPEED).
+} NV_I2C_INFO_V2;
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_I2CRead() and NvAPI_I2CWrite()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                   version;            //!< The structure version.
+    NvU32                   displayMask;        //!< The Display Mask of the concerned display.
+    NvU8                    bIsDDCPort;         //!< This flag indicates either the DDC port (TRUE) or the communication port
+                                                //!< (FALSE) of the concerned display.
+    NvU8                    i2cDevAddress;      //!< The address of the I2C slave.  The address should be shifted left by one.  For
+                                                //!< example, the I2C address 0x50, often used for reading EDIDs, would be stored
+                                                //!< here as 0xA0.  This matches the position within the byte sent by the master, as
+                                                //!< the last bit is reserved to specify the read or write direction.
+    NvU8*                   pbI2cRegAddress;    //!< The I2C target register address.  May be NULL, which indicates no register
+                                                //!< address should be sent.
+    NvU32                   regAddrSize;        //!< The size in bytes of target register address.  If pbI2cRegAddress is NULL, this
+                                                //!< field must be 0.
+    NvU8*                   pbData;             //!< The buffer of data which is to be read or written (depending on the command).
+    NvU32                   cbSize;             //!< The size of the data buffer, pbData, to be read or written.
+    NvU32                   i2cSpeed;           //!< Deprecated, Must be set to NVAPI_I2C_SPEED_DEPRECATED.
+    NV_I2C_SPEED            i2cSpeedKhz;        //!< The target speed of the transaction in (kHz) (Chosen from the enum NV_I2C_SPEED).
+    NvU8                    portId;             //!< The portid on which device is connected (remember to set bIsPortIdSet if this value is set)
+                                                //!< Optional for pre-Kepler
+    NvU32                   bIsPortIdSet;       //!< set this flag on if and only if portid value is set
+} NV_I2C_INFO_V3;
+
+typedef NV_I2C_INFO_V3                     NV_I2C_INFO;
+
+#define NV_I2C_INFO_VER3  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_I2C_INFO_V3,3)
+#define NV_I2C_INFO_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_I2C_INFO_V2,2)
+#define NV_I2C_INFO_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_I2C_INFO_V1,1)
+
+#define NV_I2C_INFO_VER  NV_I2C_INFO_VER3
+//! @}
+
+/***********************************************************************************/
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:  NvAPI_I2CRead
+//
+//!  This function reads the data buffer from the I2C port.
+//!                 The I2C request must be for a DDC port: pI2cInfo->bIsDDCPort = 1.
+//!
+//!                 A data buffer size larger than 16 bytes may be rejected if a register address is specified.  In such a case,
+//!                 NVAPI_ARGUMENT_EXCEED_MAX_SIZE would be returned.
+//!
+//!                 If a register address is specified (i.e. regAddrSize is positive), then the transaction will be performed in
+//!                 the combined format described in the I2C specification.  The register address will be written, followed by
+//!                 reading into the data buffer.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hPhysicalGPU     GPU selection.
+//! \param [out]  NV_I2C_INFO     *pI2cInfo The I2C data input structure
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_OK                            Completed request
+//! \retval   NVAPI_ERROR                         Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED            Handle passed has been invalidated (see user guide).
+//! \retval   NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  Handle passed is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION   Structure version is not supported.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - argument does not meet specified requirements
+//! \retval   NVAPI_ARGUMENT_EXCEED_MAX_SIZE - an argument exceeds the maximum
+//!
+//! \ingroup i2capi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_I2CRead(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_I2C_INFO *pI2cInfo);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:  NvAPI_I2CWrite
+//
+//!  This function writes the data buffer to the I2C port.
+//!
+//!                 The I2C request must be for a DDC port: pI2cInfo->bIsDDCPort = 1.
+//!
+//!                 A data buffer size larger than 16 bytes may be rejected if a register address is specified.  In such a case,
+//!                 NVAPI_ARGUMENT_EXCEED_MAX_SIZE would be returned.
+//!
+//!                 If a register address is specified (i.e. regAddrSize is positive), then the register address will be written
+//!                 and the data buffer will immediately follow without a restart.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hPhysicalGPU     GPU selection.
+//! \param [in]   pI2cInfo         The I2C data input structure
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_OK                            Completed request
+//! \retval   NVAPI_ERROR                         Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED            Handle passed has been invalidated (see user guide).
+//! \retval   NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  Handle passed is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION    Structure version is not supported.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              Argument does not meet specified requirements
+//! \retval   NVAPI_ARGUMENT_EXCEED_MAX_SIZE      Argument exceeds the maximum
+//!
+//! \ingroup i2capi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_I2CWrite(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_I2C_INFO *pI2cInfo);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_WorkstationFeatureSetup
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_WorkstationFeatureSetup(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 featureEnableMask, NvU32 featureDisableMask)
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API configures the driver for a set of workstation features.
+//!                The driver can allocate the memory resources accordingly.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hPhysicalGpu       Physical GPU Handle of the display adapter to be configured. GPU handles may be retrieved
+//!                                  using NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs. A value of NULL is permitted and applies the same operation
+//!                                  to all GPU handles enumerated by NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs.
+//! \param [in]   featureEnableMask  Mask of features the caller requests to enable for use
+//! \param [in]   featureDisableMask Mask of features the caller requests to disable
+//!
+//!                As a general rule, features in the enable and disable masks are expected to be disjoint, although the disable
+//!                mask has precedence and a feature flagged in both masks will be disabled.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                            configuration request succeeded
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                         configuration request failed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_INCOMPLETE  requested feature set does not have all resources allocated for completeness.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION             OS below Win7, implemented only for Win7 but returns NVAPI_OK on OS above Win7 to
+//!                                               keep compatibility with apps written against Win7.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef enum
+{
+    NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_MASK_SWAPGROUP     = 0x00000001,
+    NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_MASK_STEREO        = 0x00000010,
+    NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_MASK_WARPING       = 0x00000100,
+    NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_MASK_PIXINTENSITY  = 0x00000200,
+    NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_MASK_GRAYSCALE     = 0x00000400,
+    NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_MASK_BPC10         = 0x00001000
+} NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_MASK;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_WorkstationFeatureSetup(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __in NvU32 featureEnableMask, __in NvU32 featureDisableMask);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_WorkstationFeatureQuery
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the current set of workstation features.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hPhysicalGpu       Physical GPU Handle of the display adapter to be configured. GPU handles may be retrieved
+//!                                  using NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs.
+//! \param [out]  pConfiguredFeatureMask  Mask of features requested for use by client drivers
+//! \param [out]  pConsistentFeatureMask  Mask of features that have all resources allocated for completeness.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                            configuration request succeeded
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                         configuration request failed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  hPhysicalGpu is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION             OS below Win7, implemented only for Win7 but returns NVAPI_OK on OS above Win7 to
+//!                                               keep compatibility with apps written against Win7.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_WorkstationFeatureQuery(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __out_opt NvU32 *pConfiguredFeatureMask, __out_opt NvU32 *pConsistentFeatureMask);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetHDCPSupportStatus
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetHDCPSupportStatus(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS *pGetHDCPSupportStatus)
+//! DESCRIPTION: This function returns a GPU's HDCP support status.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 175
+//!
+//!  \retval ::NVAPI_OK
+//!  \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR
+//!  \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+//!  \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED
+//!  \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE
+//!  \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \addtogroup gpu
+//! @{
+
+
+//! HDCP fuse states - used in NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_HDCP_FUSE_STATE
+{
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_FUSE_STATE_UNKNOWN  = 0,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_FUSE_STATE_DISABLED = 1,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_FUSE_STATE_ENABLED  = 2,
+} NV_GPU_HDCP_FUSE_STATE;
+
+
+//! HDCP key sources - used in NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE
+{
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_UNKNOWN    = 0,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_NONE       = 1,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_CRYPTO_ROM = 2,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_SBIOS      = 3,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_I2C_ROM    = 4,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_FUSES      = 5,
+} NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE;
+
+
+//! HDCP key source states - used in NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_STATE
+{
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_STATE_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_STATE_ABSENT  = 1,
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_STATE_PRESENT = 2,
+} NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_STATE;
+
+
+//! HDPC support status - used in NvAPI_GPU_GetHDCPSupportStatus()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                        version;               //! Structure version constucted by macro #NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_FUSE_STATE       hdcpFuseState;         //! GPU's HDCP fuse state
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE       hdcpKeySource;         //! GPU's HDCP key source
+    NV_GPU_HDCP_KEY_SOURCE_STATE hdcpKeySourceState;    //! GPU's HDCP key source state
+} NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS;
+
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version for structure NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS
+#define NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS_VER MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS,1)
+
+
+//! @}
+
+
+//!  \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetHDCPSupportStatus(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_GET_HDCP_SUPPORT_STATUS *pGetHDCPSupportStatus);
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpucuda
+//! @{
+
+//! defgroup nvcomp_gpu_top NVIDIA Compute GPU Topology Flags
+//! @{
+
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_PHYSICS_CAPABLE           NV_BIT(0)   //!< This is Read only GPU flag - Physics capable GPU.
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_PHYSICS_ENABLE            NV_BIT(1)   //!< This is Read/Write GPU flag - Indicates GPU is already enabled for physics.
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_PHYSICS_DEDICATED         NV_BIT(2)   //!< This is Read only GPU flag - Physics enabled GPU which is *dedicated* for physics indicates
+                                                                      //!< this compute capable GPU was automatically made usable for Physx on CUDA.
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_PHYSICS_RECOMMENDED       NV_BIT(3)   //!< This is Read only GPU flag - Physics GPU which is recommended by the driver.
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CUDA_AVAILABLE            NV_BIT(4)   //!< This is Read only GPU flag.
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CUDA_CAPABLE              NV_BIT(16)  //!< This is Read only GPU flag.
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CUDA_DISABLED             NV_BIT(17)  //!< This is Read only GPU flag.
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_PHYSICS_AVAILABLE         NV_BIT(21)  //!< This is Read only GPU flag - PhysX is able to use this GPU (PhysX is installed, etc)
+
+//! @}
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;  //!< Structure version
+    NvU32 gpuCount; //!< Total number of compute-capable GPUs
+
+    struct
+    {
+        NvPhysicalGpuHandle  hPhysicalGpu;      //!< Compute-capable physical GPU handle
+        NvU32                flags;             //!< One or more flags from \ref nvcomp_gpu_top
+
+    } computeGpus[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PER_TOPOLOGY];  //!< Array of compute-capable physical GPUs.
+
+} NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_V1;
+
+
+typedef struct _NV_COMPUTE_GPU
+{
+     NvPhysicalGpuHandle  hPhysicalGpu;      //!< Compute-capable physical GPU handle
+     NvU32                flags;             //!< One or more flags from \ref nvcomp_gpu_top
+
+} NV_COMPUTE_GPU;
+
+typedef struct _NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_V2
+{
+    NvU32 version;                 //!< Structure version
+    NvU32 gpuCount;                //!< Size of array
+    NV_COMPUTE_GPU *computeGpus;   //!< Array of compute-capable physical GPUs (allocate memory of size of Physical gpuCount of system).
+
+} NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_V2;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_V1,1)
+
+#define NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_V2,2)
+typedef NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_V2 NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY;
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:  NvAPI_GPU_CudaEnumComputeCapableGpus
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API enumerates one or more compute-capable GPUs.
+//!                Note that this API is deprecated and should no longer be used for new software development.
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 319.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in,out]      pComputeTopo  Pointer to the structure NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                           The request was completed successfully.
+//!                                              The gpuCount indicates if one or more compute-capable GPUs are found.
+//!                                              gpuCount >= 1 means atleast one compute-capable GPU is found.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION  Structure version is not supported, initialize to NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY_VER.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                        Enumeration of the GPUs failed. Make sure at least one NVIDIA GPU exists in the system.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpucuda
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 319.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_CudaEnumComputeCapableGpus(__inout NV_COMPUTE_GPU_TOPOLOGY *pComputeTopo);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetTachReading
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API retrieves the fan speed tachometer reading for the specified physical GPU.
+//!
+//!   HOW TO USE:
+//!                 - NvU32 Value = 0;
+//!                 - ret = NvAPI_GPU_GetTachReading(hPhysicalGpu, &Value);
+//!                 - On call success:
+//!                 - Value contains the tachometer reading
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \param [in]    hPhysicalGpu   GPU selection.
+//! \param [out]   pValue         Pointer to a variable to get the tachometer reading
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED - functionality not supported
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - nvapi not initialized
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - invalid argument passed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED - handle passed has been invalidated (see user guide)
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE - handle passed is not a physical GPU handle
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpucooler
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetTachReading(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGPU, NvU32 *pValue);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetECCStatusInfo
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetECCStatusInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+//!                                           NV_GPU_ECC_STATUS_INFO *pECCStatusInfo);
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function returns ECC memory status information.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hPhysicalGpu      A handle identifying the physical GPU for which ECC
+//!                                    status information is to be retrieved.
+//! \param [out]     pECCStatusInfo    A pointer to an ECC status structure.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                  The request was completed successfully.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR               An unknown error occurred.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE The provided GPU handle is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE      The provided GPU handle is invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED  The provided GPU handle is no longer valid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER     An invalid argument pointer was provided.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED       The request is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \addtogroup gpuecc
+//! Used in NV_GPU_ECC_STATUS_INFO.
+typedef enum _NV_ECC_CONFIGURATION
+{
+    NV_ECC_CONFIGURATION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 0,
+    NV_ECC_CONFIGURATION_DEFERRED,           //!< Changes require a POST to take effect
+    NV_ECC_CONFIGURATION_IMMEDIATE,          //!< Changes can optionally be made to take effect immediately
+} NV_ECC_CONFIGURATION;
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetECCStatusInfo().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                 version;               //!< Structure version
+    NvU32                 isSupported : 1;       //!< ECC memory feature support
+    NV_ECC_CONFIGURATION  configurationOptions;  //!< Supported ECC memory feature configuration options
+    NvU32                 isEnabled : 1;         //!< Active ECC memory setting
+} NV_GPU_ECC_STATUS_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_ECC_STATUS_INFO
+#define NV_GPU_ECC_STATUS_INFO_VER MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_ECC_STATUS_INFO,1)
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetECCStatusInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+                                           NV_GPU_ECC_STATUS_INFO *pECCStatusInfo);
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetECCErrorInfo()/
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;             //!< Structure version
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU64  singleBitErrors;  //!< Number of single-bit ECC errors detected since last boot
+        NvU64  doubleBitErrors;  //!< Number of double-bit ECC errors detected since last boot
+    } current;
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU64  singleBitErrors;  //!< Number of single-bit ECC errors detected since last counter reset
+        NvU64  doubleBitErrors;  //!< Number of double-bit ECC errors detected since last counter reset
+    } aggregate;
+} NV_GPU_ECC_ERROR_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_ECC_ERROR_INFO
+#define NV_GPU_ECC_ERROR_INFO_VER MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_ECC_ERROR_INFO,1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetECCErrorInfo
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetECCErrorInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+//!                                          NV_GPU_ECC_ERROR_INFO *pECCErrorInfo);
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function returns ECC memory error information.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hPhysicalGpu  A handle identifying the physical GPU for
+//!                                which ECC error information is to be
+//!                                retrieved.
+//! \param [out]     pECCErrorInfo A pointer to an ECC error structure.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK  The request was completed successfully.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  An unknown error occurred.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  The provided GPU handle is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  incorrect param value
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER  An invalid argument pointer was provided.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION  structure version is not supported, initialize to NV_GPU_ECC_ERROR_INFO_VER.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED  The provided GPU handle is no longer valid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED  The request is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetECCErrorInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+                                          NV_GPU_ECC_ERROR_INFO *pECCErrorInfo);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_ResetECCErrorInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function resets ECC memory error counters.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \requires Administrator privileges since release 430.39
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hPhysicalGpu     A handle identifying the physical GPU for
+//!                                  which ECC error information is to be
+//!                                  cleared.
+//! \param [in]     bResetCurrent    Reset the current ECC error counters.
+//! \param [in]     bResetAggregate  Reset the aggregate ECC error counters.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_USER_PRIVILEGE       - The application will require Administrator privileges to access this API.
+//!                                                The application can be elevated to a higher permission level by selecting "Run as Administrator".
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ResetECCErrorInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU8 bResetCurrent,
+                                            NvU8 bResetAggregate);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetECCConfigurationInfo
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetECCConfigurationInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+//!                             NV_GPU_ECC_CONFIGURATION_INFO *pECCConfigurationInfo);
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function returns ECC memory configuration information.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hPhysicalGpu  A handle identifying the physical GPU for
+//!                                which ECC configuration information
+//!                               is to be retrieved.
+//! \param [out]     pECCConfigurationInfo  A pointer to an ECC
+//!                                                configuration structure.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK  The request was completed successfully.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  An unknown error occurred.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  The provided GPU handle is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE  The provided GPU handle is invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED  The provided GPU handle is no longer valid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER  An invalid argument pointer was provided.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED  The request is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetECCConfigurationInfo().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32  version;                 //! Structure version
+    NvU32  isEnabled : 1;           //! Current ECC configuration stored in non-volatile memory
+    NvU32  isEnabledByDefault : 1;  //! Factory default ECC configuration (static)
+} NV_GPU_ECC_CONFIGURATION_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+//! Macro for consstructing the verion field of NV_GPU_ECC_CONFIGURATION_INFO
+#define NV_GPU_ECC_CONFIGURATION_INFO_VER MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_ECC_CONFIGURATION_INFO,1)
+
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetECCConfigurationInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu,
+                                                  NV_GPU_ECC_CONFIGURATION_INFO *pECCConfigurationInfo);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_SetECCConfiguration
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function updates the ECC memory configuration setting.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \requires Administrator privileges since release 430.39
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hPhysicalGpu    A handle identifying the physical GPU for
+//!                                  which to update the ECC configuration
+//!                                  setting.
+//! \param [in]      bEnable         The new ECC configuration setting.
+//! \param [in]      bEnableImmediately   Request that the new setting take effect immediately.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_CONFIGURATION        - Possibly SLI is enabled. Disable SLI and retry.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_USER_PRIVILEGE       - The application will require Administrator privileges to access this API.
+//!                                                The application can be elevated to a higher permission level by selecting "Run as Administrator".
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpuecc
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_SetECCConfiguration(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU8 bEnable,
+                                              NvU8 bEnableImmediately);
+
+
+
+// The following enum is providing definitions for events signaled by a Quadro Sync (QSYNC) device.
+// QSYNC event broadcast is supported for Windows 10 and later OS.
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT_NONE                    =  0,
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT_SYNC_LOSS               =  1,    // Frame Lock sync loss event
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT_SYNC_GAIN               =  2,    // Frame Lock sync gain event
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT_HOUSESYNC_GAIN          =  3,    // House cable gain(plug in) event
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT_HOUSESYNC_LOSS          =  4,    // House cable loss(plug out) event
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT_RJ45_GAIN               =  5,    // RJ45 cable gain(plug in) event
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT_RJ45_LOSS               =  6,    // RJ45 cable loss(plug out) event
+} NV_QSYNC_EVENT;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NV_QSYNC_EVENT   qsyncEvent;       // One of the value of the enum NV_QSYNC_EVENT
+    NvU32            reserved[7];      // Reserved for future use. Do not use this.
+} NV_QSYNC_EVENT_DATA;
+
+//! Callback for QSYNC event
+typedef void(__cdecl *NVAPI_CALLBACK_QSYNCEVENT)(NV_QSYNC_EVENT_DATA qyncEventData, void *callbackParam);
+
+
+//! Enum for Event IDs
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_EVENT_TYPE_NONE = 0,
+    NV_EVENT_TYPE_QSYNC = 6,
+} NV_EVENT_TYPE;
+
+//! Core NV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK structure declaration
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                 version;          //!< version field to ensure minimum version compatibility
+    NV_EVENT_TYPE         eventId;          //!< ID of the event being sent
+    void                  *callbackParam;   //!< This value will be passed back to the callback function when an event occurs
+    union
+    {
+        NVAPI_CALLBACK_QSYNCEVENT    nvQSYNCEventCallback;                     //!< Callback function pointer for QSYNC events
+    }nvCallBackFunc;
+
+} NV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK, *PNV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK
+#define NV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK_VERSION     MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK,1)
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_NVIDIA_RTX_VR_READY  = 1,  //!< NVIDIA RTX VR Ready
+    NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_QUADRO_VR_READY  = NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_NVIDIA_RTX_VR_READY,  //!< DEPRECATED name - do not use
+    NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_PROVIZ = 2,
+} NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE;
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_QueryWorkstationFeatureSupport
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_QueryWorkstationFeatureSupport(NvPhysicalGpuHandle physicalGpu, NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE gpuWorkstationFeature)
+//! \code
+//! DESCRIPTION:     Indicates whether a queried workstation feature is supported by the requested GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 440
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API, when called with a valid physical gpu handle as Input, lets caller know whether the given workstation feature is supported by this GPU.
+//!
+//! PARAMETERS:      physicalGpu(IN)            : The handle of the GPU for the which caller wants to get the support information.
+//!                  gpuWorkstationFeature(IN ) : The feature for the GPU in question. One of the values from enum NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status listed below
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK the queried workstation feature is supported on the given GPU.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION the current driver doesn't support this interface.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE the incoming physicalGpu handle is invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED the requested gpuWorkstationFeature is not supported in the selected GPU.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_SETTING_NOT_FOUND the requested gpuWorkstationFeature is unknown to the current driver version.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_QueryWorkstationFeatureSupport(NvPhysicalGpuHandle physicalGpu, NV_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE gpuWorkstationFeature);
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32  version;              //!< version of this structure
+    NvU32  width;                //!< width of the input texture
+    NvU32  height;               //!< height of the input texture
+    float* blendingTexture;      //!< array of floating values building an intensity RGB texture
+} NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32  version;              //!< version of this structure
+    NvU32  width;                //!< width of the input texture
+    NvU32  height;               //!< height of the input texture
+    float* blendingTexture;      //!< array of floating values building an intensity RGB texture
+    float* offsetTexture;        //!< array of floating values building an offset texture
+    NvU32  offsetTexChannels;    //!< number of channels per pixel in the offset texture
+} NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_V2;
+
+typedef NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_V2 NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_VER1    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_VER2    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_V2, 2)
+#define NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_VER      NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA_VER2
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_SetScanoutIntensity
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API enables and sets up per-pixel intensity feature on the specified display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   displayId              combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to apply the intensity control.
+//! \param [in]   scanoutIntensityData   the intensity texture info.
+//! \param [out]  pbSticky(OUT)           indicates whether the settings will be kept over a reboot.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameters.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED Interface not supported by the driver used, or only supported on selected GPUs
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input data.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA structure version mismatch.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK Feature enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_SetScanoutIntensity(NvU32 displayId, NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_DATA* scanoutIntensityData, int *pbSticky);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_STATE_DATA
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                 //!< version of this structure
+    NvU32  bEnabled;                                //!< intensity is enabled or not
+} NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_STATE_DATA;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_STATE_VER    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_STATE_DATA, 1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutIntensityState
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries current state of the intensity feature on the specified display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId                       combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to query the configuration.
+//! \param [in,out] scanoutIntensityStateData       intensity state data.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameters.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED Interface not supported by the driver used, or only supported on selected GPUs.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK Feature enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutIntensityState(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_SCANOUT_INTENSITY_STATE_DATA* scanoutIntensityStateData);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_WARPING_VERTICE_FORMAT_TRIANGLESTRIP_XYUVRQ = 0,
+    NV_GPU_WARPING_VERTICE_FORMAT_TRIANGLES_XYUVRQ     = 1,
+} NV_GPU_WARPING_VERTICE_FORMAT;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                 //!< version of this structure
+    float* vertices;                                //!< width of the input texture
+    NV_GPU_WARPING_VERTICE_FORMAT vertexFormat;     //!< format of the input vertices
+    int    numVertices;                             //!< number of the input vertices
+    NvSBox* textureRect;                            //!< rectangle in desktop coordinates describing the source area for the warping
+} NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_DATA;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_VER    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_DATA, 1)
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_SetScanoutWarping
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API enables and sets up the warping feature on the specified display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    displayId               Combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to apply the intensity control
+//! \param [in]    scanoutWarpingData      The warping data info
+//! \param [out]   pbSticky                Indicates whether the settings will be kept over a reboot.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameters.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED Interface not supported by the driver used, or only supported on selected GPUs
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input data.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_DATA structure version mismatch.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK Feature enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_SetScanoutWarping(NvU32 displayId, NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_DATA* scanoutWarpingData, int* piMaxNumVertices, int* pbSticky);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_STATE_DATA
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                  //!< version of this structure
+    NvU32  bEnabled;                                 //!< warping is enabled or not
+} NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_STATE_DATA;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_STATE_VER    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_STATE_DATA, 1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutWarpingState
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries current state of the warping feature on the specified display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId                      combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to query the configuration.
+//! \param [in,out] scanoutWarpingStateData        warping state data.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameters.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED Interface not supported by the driver used, or only supported on selected GPUs.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK Feature enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutWarpingState(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_SCANOUT_WARPING_STATE_DATA* scanoutWarpingStateData);
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD      = 0
+} NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER;
+
+//! This enum defines a collection of possible scanout composition values that can be used to configure
+//! possible scanout composition settings.  (Currently the only parameter defined is the WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD).
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_SET_TO_DEFAULT = 0,                                  // Set parameter to default value.
+    // WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD section:
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD_BILINEAR                       = 0x100,
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD_BICUBIC_TRIANGULAR             = 0x101,
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD_BICUBIC_BELL_SHAPED            = 0x102,
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD_BICUBIC_BSPLINE                = 0x103,
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD_BICUBIC_ADAPTIVE_TRIANGULAR    = 0x104,
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD_BICUBIC_ADAPTIVE_BELL_SHAPED   = 0x105,
+    NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE_WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD_BICUBIC_ADAPTIVE_BSPLINE       = 0x106
+} NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_SetScanoutCompositionParameter
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API sets various parameters that configure the scanout composition feature on the specified display.
+//!                (currently there is only one configurable parameter defined: WARPING_RESAMPLING_METHOD,
+//!                 but this function is designed to support the addition of parameters as needed.)
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    displayId               Combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to apply the intensity control
+//! \param [in]    parameter               The scanout composition parameter to be set
+//! \param [in]    parameterValue          The data to be set for the specified parameter
+//! \param [in]    pContainer              Additional container for data associated with the specified parameter
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameters.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED Interface not supported by the driver used, or only supported on selected GPUs
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input data.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK Feature enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_SetScanoutCompositionParameter(NvU32 displayId, NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER parameter,
+                                                         NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE parameterValue, float *pContainer);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutCompositionParameter
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries current state of one of the various scanout composition parameters on the specified display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId           combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to query the configuration.
+//! \param [in]     parameter           scanout composition parameter to by queried.
+//! \param [out] parameterData          scanout composition parameter data.
+//! \param [out]   pContainer           Additional container for returning data associated with the specified parameter
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameters.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED Interface not supported by the driver used, or only supported on selected GPUs.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK Feature enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutCompositionParameter(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER parameter,
+                                                         __out NV_GPU_SCANOUT_COMPOSITION_PARAMETER_VALUE *parameterData, __out float *pContainer);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutConfiguration
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the desktop and scanout portion of the specified display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId          combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to query the configuration.
+//! \param [in,out] desktopRect        desktop area of the display in desktop coordinates.
+//! \param [in,out] scanoutRect        scanout area of the display relative to desktopRect.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameters.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED Interface not supported by the driver used, or only supported on selected GPUs.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK Feature enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutConfiguration(NvU32 displayId, NvSBox* desktopRect, NvSBox* scanoutRect);
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutConfigurationEx().
+typedef struct _NV_SCANOUT_INFORMATION
+{
+    NvU32      version;                 //!< Structure version, needs to be initialized with NV_SCANOUT_INFORMATION_VER.
+
+    NvSBox     sourceDesktopRect;       //!< Operating system display device rect in desktop coordinates displayId is scanning out from.
+    NvSBox     sourceViewportRect;      //!< Area inside the sourceDesktopRect which is scanned out to the display.
+    NvSBox     targetViewportRect;      //!< Area inside the rect described by targetDisplayWidth/Height sourceViewportRect is scanned out to.
+    NvU32      targetDisplayWidth;      //!< Horizontal size of the active resolution scanned out to the display.
+    NvU32      targetDisplayHeight;     //!< Vertical size of the active resolution scanned out to the display.
+    NvU32      cloneImportance;         //!< If targets are cloned views of the sourceDesktopRect the cloned targets have an importance assigned (0:primary,1 secondary,...).
+    NV_ROTATE  sourceToTargetRotation;  //!< Rotation performed between the sourceViewportRect and the targetViewportRect.
+} NV_SCANOUT_INFORMATION;
+
+#define NV_SCANOUT_INFORMATION_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SCANOUT_INFORMATION,1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutConfigurationEx
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the desktop and scanout portion of the specified display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 331
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId            combined physical display and GPU identifier of the display to query the configuration.
+//! \param [in,out] pScanoutInformation  desktop area to displayId mapping information.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetScanoutConfigurationEx(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_SCANOUT_INFORMATION *pScanoutInformation);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetAdapterIdFromPhysicalGpu
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns the OS-AdapterID from physicalGpu Handle. OS-AdapterID
+//!                is the Adapter ID that is used by Win7 CCD APIs.
+//!                This API is deprecated. Please use NvAPI_GPU_GetLogicalGpuInfo to get the OS-AdapterID.
+//!                NvAPI_GetLogicalGPUFromPhysicalGPU can be used to get the logical GPU handle associated with specified physical GPU handle.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 520. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetLogicalGpuInfo.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    hPhysicalGpu   PhysicalGpu Handle
+//! \param [out]   pOSAdapterId   Returns OS-AdapterId, it is typed as void * to
+//!                               avoid dependency with windows.h. User must type cast it to LUID.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT pOSAdapterId is NULL; hPhysicalGpu is invalid
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK *pOSAdapterId contains valid data.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED  This API is not supported on the system.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 520. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetLogicalGpuInfo.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetAdapterIdFromPhysicalGpu(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, void *pOSAdapterId);
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef enum _NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE
+{
+    NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE_NONE       = 0,   //!< Represents Bare Metal GPU
+    NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE_NMOS       = 1,   //!< Represents GPU-Passthrough
+    NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE_VGX        = 2,   //!< Represents vGPU inside virtual machine
+    NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE_HOST_VGPU  = 3    //!< Represents VGX hypervisor in vGPU mode
+} NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO
+{
+    NvU32                    version;                      //!< Structure version
+
+    NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE   virtualizationMode;           //!< one of NV_VIRTUALIZATION_MODE.
+    NvU32                    reserved;                     //!< reserved for future use. Should be set to ZERO.
+} NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO_V1     NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO_V1,1)
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO_VER    NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO_VER1
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetVirtualizationInfo
+//!
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns virtualization information of the GPU
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 367
+//!
+//! \param [in,out] pVirtualizationInfo         Pointer to NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO structure.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetVirtualizationInfo(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_VIRTUALIZATION_INFO *pVirtualizationInfo);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                   //!< [in]  Structure version.
+    void *pOSAdapterId;                                              //!< [out] Returns OS-AdapterId. User must send memory buffer of size atleast equal to the size of LUID structure before calling the NVAPI.
+    NvU32 physicalGpuCount;                                          //!< [out] Number of physical GPU handles associated with the specified logical GPU handle.
+
+    NvPhysicalGpuHandle physicalGpuHandles[NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS]; //!< [out] This array will be filled with physical GPU handles associated with the given logical GPU handle.
+                                                                     //!< The array index refers to the Physical Gpu Index (Idx).
+                                                                     //!< Idx value is the same as D3D11 MultiGPUDevice GPU index, D3D12 node index, OpenGL GL_NV_gpu_multicast GPU index.
+                                                                     //!< When converted to a bit mask (1 << Idx), it matches:
+                                                                     //!<    1. Vulkan deviceNodeMask in VkPhysicalDeviceIDProperties
+                                                                     //!<    2. CUDA deviceNodeMask returned by cuDeviceGetLuid
+    NvU32 reserved[8];                                               //!< Reserved for future use. Should be set to ZERO.
+} NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA_V1     NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA;
+#define NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA_V1,1)
+#define NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA_VER    NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetLogicalGpuInfo
+//
+//!  This function is used to query Logical GPU information.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 421
+//!
+//! \param [in]    hLogicalGpu            logical GPU Handle.
+//! \param [in,out] pLogicalGpuData        Pointer to NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA structure.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!          specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetLogicalGpuInfo(__in NvLogicalGpuHandle hLogicalGpu, __inout NV_LOGICAL_GPU_DATA *pLogicalGpuData);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gridlicense
+//! @{
+
+//! Maximum  number of supported Feature License
+#define NV_LICENSE_MAX_COUNT                              3
+
+//! Signature length for GRID License
+#define NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE                         (128)
+
+//! Length for Grid License
+#define NV_LICENSE_INFO_MAX_LENGTH                         (128)
+
+//! License string
+typedef char NvAPI_LicenseString[NV_LICENSE_INFO_MAX_LENGTH];
+
+//! Used in NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS
+typedef enum _NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_UNKNOWN   = 0,
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_VGPU      = 1,
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_NVIDIA_RTX = 2,
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_QUADRO    = NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_NVIDIA_RTX, //!< DEPRECATED name - do not use
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_GAMING    = 3,
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_COMPUTE   = 4,
+} NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_TYPE;
+
+//! Used in NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS
+//!
+//!< The 'status' variable holds any one of the following license expiry status codes :
+//!<   0  -  Expiry information not available
+//!<   1  -  Invalid expiry or error fetching expiry
+//!<   2  -  Valid expiry
+//!<   3  -  Expiry not applicable
+//!<   4  -  Permanent expiry
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSE_EXPIRY_DETAILS
+{
+    NvU32 year;     //!< Year value of license expiry
+    NvU16 month;    //!< Month value of license expiry
+    NvU16 day;      //!< Day value of license expiry
+    NvU16 hour;     //!< Hour value of license expiry
+    NvU16 min;      //!< Minutes value of license expiry
+    NvU16 sec;      //!< Seconds value of license expiry
+
+    NvU8 status;    //!< License expiry status
+}NV_LICENSE_EXPIRY_DETAILS;
+
+//! Used in NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                           version;                //!< IN - Structure version.
+    NvU32                           isEnabled  : 1;         //!< The current state of the licensed feature, true=enabled, false=disabled.
+    NvU32                           reserved   : 31;        //!< Reserved
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_TYPE         featureCode;            //!< Feature code that corresponds to the licensable feature.
+    NvAPI_LicenseString             licenseInfo;            //!< Deprecated
+}NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V2
+{
+    NvU32                           version;                //!< Unused.
+    NvU32                           isEnabled  : 1;         //!< The current state of the licensed feature, true=enabled, false=disabled.
+    NvU32                           reserved   : 31;        //!< Reserved
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_TYPE         featureCode;            //!< Feature code that corresponds to the licensable feature.
+    NvAPI_LicenseString             licenseInfo;            //!< Deprecated
+    NvAPI_LicenseString             productName;            //!< Nvidia Grid licensable product name.
+}NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V3
+{
+    NvU32                           version;                //!< Unused.
+    NvU32                           isEnabled        : 1;   //!< The current state of license, true=licensed, false=unlicensed.
+    NvU32                           isFeatureEnabled : 1;   //!< The current state of feature, true=enabled, false=disabled.
+    NvU32                           reserved         : 30;  //!< Reserved
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_TYPE         featureCode;            //!< Feature code that corresponds to the licensable feature.
+    NvAPI_LicenseString             licenseInfo;            //!< Deprecated
+    NvAPI_LicenseString             productName;            //!< Nvidia Grid licensable product name.
+}NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V3;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V4
+{
+    NvU32                           version;                //!< Unused.
+    NvU32                           isEnabled        : 1;   //!< The current state of license, true=licensed, false=unlicensed.
+    NvU32                           isFeatureEnabled : 1;   //!< The current state of feature, true=enabled, false=disabled.
+    NvU32                           reserved         : 30;  //!< Reserved
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_TYPE         featureCode;            //!< Feature code that corresponds to the licensable feature.
+    NvAPI_LicenseString             licenseInfo;            //!< Deprecated
+    NvAPI_LicenseString             productName;            //!< Nvidia Grid licensable product name.
+    NV_LICENSE_EXPIRY_DETAILS       licenseExpiry;          //!< License expiry information.
+}NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V4;
+
+typedef NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V1     NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS;
+
+#define NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_VER    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_VER1
+
+//! Licensable features
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V1
+{
+    NvU32                              version;                                         //!< IN - Structure version.
+    NvU32                              isLicenseSupported  : 1;                         //!< True if Software Licensing is supported.
+    NvU32                              reserved            : 31;                        //!< Reserved
+    NvU32                              licensableFeatureCount;                          //!< The number of licensable features.
+    NvU8                               signature[NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE];            //!< Dynamic signature required for Authentication of the components,
+                                                                                        //!< signature length limited to NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V1      licenseDetails[NV_LICENSE_MAX_COUNT];            //!< Array of licensable features
+}NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V2
+{
+    NvU32                              version;                                         //!< IN - Structure version.
+    NvU32                              isLicenseSupported  : 1;                         //!< True if Software Licensing is supported.
+    NvU32                              reserved            : 31;                        //!< Reserved
+    NvU32                              licensableFeatureCount;                          //!< The number of licensable features.
+    NvU8                               signature[NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE];            //!< Dynamic signature required for Authentication of the components,
+                                                                                        //!< signature length limited to NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V2      licenseDetails[NV_LICENSE_MAX_COUNT];            //!< Array of licensable features
+}NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V3
+{
+    NvU32                              version;                                         //!< IN - Structure version.
+    NvU32                              isLicenseSupported  : 1;                         //!< True if Software Licensing is supported.
+    NvU32                              reserved            : 31;                        //!< Reserved
+    NvU32                              licensableFeatureCount;                          //!< The number of licensable features.
+    NvU8                               signature[NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE];            //!< Dynamic signature required for Authentication of the components,
+                                                                                        //!< signature length limited to NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V3      licenseDetails[NV_LICENSE_MAX_COUNT];            //!< Array of licensable features
+}NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V3;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V4
+{
+    NvU32                              version;                                         //!< IN - Structure version.
+    NvU32                              isLicenseSupported  : 1;                         //!< True if Software Licensing is supported.
+    NvU32                              reserved            : 31;                        //!< Reserved
+    NvU32                              licensableFeatureCount;                          //!< The number of licensable features.
+    NvU8                               signature[NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE];            //!< Dynamic signature required for Authentication of the components,
+                                                                                        //!< signature length limited to NV_LICENSE_SIGNATURE_SIZE
+    NV_LICENSE_FEATURE_DETAILS_V4      licenseDetails[NV_LICENSE_MAX_COUNT];            //!< Array of licensable features
+}NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V4;
+
+typedef NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V4     NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES;
+
+#define NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V1, 1)
+#define NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_VER2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V2, 2)
+#define NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_VER3   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V3, 3)
+#define NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_VER4   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_V4, 4)
+#define NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_VER    NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES_VER4
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetLicensableFeatures
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION:   This function call identifies whether licenses are supported on this system and if
+//!                  they are supported, returns the details of the features that can be licensed.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu                   GPU selection
+//! \param [in,out] pLicensableFeatures         Licensable features information.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gridlicense
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetLicensableFeatures(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_LICENSABLE_FEATURES *pLicensableFeatures);
+
+
+
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_VR_READY_V1
+{
+    NvU32  version;                            //!< Structure Version.
+    NvU32  isVRReady : 1;                      //!< Is the requested GPU VR ready.
+	NvU32  reserved  : 31;
+} NV_GPU_VR_READY_V1;
+
+#define NV_GPU_VR_READY_VER1             MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_VR_READY_V1, 1)
+#define NV_GPU_VR_READY_VER              NV_GPU_VR_READY_VER1
+typedef NV_GPU_VR_READY_V1               NV_GPU_VR_READY;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetVRReadyData
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API will return NVIDIA GPU VR Ready state.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 465
+//!
+//! \param [in,out] pGpuVrReadyData - This structure will be filled with required information.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetVRReadyData(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_VR_READY *pGpuVrReadyData);
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetPerfDecreaseInfo.
+//! Bit masks for knowing the exact reason for performance decrease
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GPU_PERF_DECREASE
+{
+    NV_GPU_PERF_DECREASE_NONE                        = 0,          //!< No Slowdown detected
+    NV_GPU_PERF_DECREASE_REASON_THERMAL_PROTECTION   = 0x00000001, //!< Thermal slowdown/shutdown/POR thermal protection
+    NV_GPU_PERF_DECREASE_REASON_POWER_CONTROL        = 0x00000002, //!< Power capping / pstate cap
+    NV_GPU_PERF_DECREASE_REASON_AC_BATT              = 0x00000004, //!< AC->BATT event
+    NV_GPU_PERF_DECREASE_REASON_API_TRIGGERED        = 0x00000008, //!< API triggered slowdown
+    NV_GPU_PERF_DECREASE_REASON_INSUFFICIENT_POWER   = 0x00000010, //!< Power connector missing
+    NV_GPU_PERF_DECREASE_REASON_UNKNOWN              = 0x80000000, //!< Unknown reason
+} NVAPI_GPU_PERF_DECREASE;
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetPerfDecreaseInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This function retrieves - in NvU32 variable - reasons for the current performance decrease.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hPhysicalGPU    (IN)    - GPU for which performance decrease is to be evaluated.
+//! \param [out]  pPerfDecrInfo    (OUT)    - Pointer to a NvU32 variable containing performance decrease info
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpuPerf
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetPerfDecreaseInfo(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NvU32 *pPerfDecrInfo);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetPstatesInfoEx()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;
+    NvU32   flags;           //!< - bit 0 indicates if perfmon is enabled or not
+                             //!< - bit 1 indicates if dynamic Pstate is capable or not
+                             //!< - bit 2 indicates if dynamic Pstate is enable or not
+                             //!< - all other bits must be set to 0
+    NvU32   numPstates;      //!< The number of available p-states
+    NvU32   numClocks;       //!< The number of clock domains supported by each P-State
+    struct
+    {
+        NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ID   pstateId; //!< ID of the p-state.
+        NvU32                   flags;    //!< - bit 0 indicates if the PCIE limit is GEN1 or GEN2
+                                          //!< - bit 1 indicates if the Pstate is overclocked or not
+                                          //!< - bit 2 indicates if the Pstate is overclockable or not
+                                          //!< - all other bits must be set to 0
+        struct
+        {
+            NV_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_ID           domainId;  //!< ID of the clock domain
+            NvU32                               flags;  //!< Reserved. Must be set to 0
+            NvU32                                freq;  //!< Clock frequency in kHz
+
+        } clocks[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_CLOCKS];
+    } pstates[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_PSTATES];
+
+} NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V1;
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;
+    NvU32   flags;             //!< - bit 0 indicates if perfmon is enabled or not
+                               //!< - bit 1 indicates if dynamic Pstate is capable or not
+                               //!< - bit 2 indicates if dynamic Pstate is enable or not
+                               //!< - all other bits must be set to 0
+    NvU32   numPstates;        //!< The number of available p-states
+    NvU32   numClocks;         //!< The number of clock domains supported by each P-State
+    NvU32   numVoltages;
+    struct
+    {
+        NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ID   pstateId;  //!< ID of the p-state.
+        NvU32                   flags;     //!< - bit 0 indicates if the PCIE limit is GEN1 or GEN2
+                                           //!< - bit 1 indicates if the Pstate is overclocked or not
+                                           //!< - bit 2 indicates if the Pstate is overclockable or not
+                                           //!< - all other bits must be set to 0
+        struct
+        {
+            NV_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_ID            domainId;
+            NvU32                                flags; //!< bit 0 indicates if this clock is overclockable
+                                                        //!< all other bits must be set to 0
+            NvU32                                 freq;
+
+        } clocks[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_CLOCKS];
+        struct
+        {
+            NV_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGE_INFO_DOMAIN_ID domainId; //!< ID of the voltage domain, containing flags and mvolt info
+            NvU32                       flags;           //!< Reserved for future use. Must be set to 0
+            NvU32                       mvolt;           //!< Voltage in mV
+
+        } voltages[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_VOLTAGES];
+
+    } pstates[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PERF_PSTATES];  //!< Valid index range is 0 to numVoltages-1
+
+} NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V2;
+
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+typedef  NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V2 NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO;
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+//! @{
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V1
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V1,1)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V2
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V2,2)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V2
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_VER3  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_V2,3)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO
+#define NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_VER   NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO_VER3
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetPstatesInfoEx
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API retrieves all performance states (P-States) information.
+//!
+//!                  P-States are GPU active/executing performance capability and power consumption states.
+//!
+//!                  P-States ranges from P0 to P15, with P0 being the highest performance/power state, and
+//!                  P15 being the lowest performance/power state. Each P-State, if available, maps to a
+//!                  performance level. Not all P-States are available on a given system. The definitions
+//!                  of each P-State are currently as follows: \n
+//!                  - P0/P1 - Maximum 3D performance
+//!                  - P2/P3 - Balanced 3D performance-power
+//!                  - P8 - Basic HD video playback
+//!                  - P10 - DVD playback
+//!                  - P12 - Minimum idle power consumption
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 304. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetPstates20.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hPhysicalGPU       GPU selection.
+//! \param [out]    pPerfPstatesInfo   P-States information retrieved, as detailed below: \n
+//!                  - flags is reserved for future use.
+//!                  - numPstates is the number of available P-States
+//!                  - numClocks is the number of clock domains supported by each P-State
+//!                  - pstates has valid index range from 0 to numPstates - 1
+//!                  - pstates[i].pstateId is the ID of the P-State,
+//!                      containing the following info:
+//!                    - pstates[i].flags containing the following info:
+//!                        - bit 0 indicates if the PCIE limit is GEN1 or GEN2
+//!                        - bit 1 indicates if the Pstate is overclocked or not
+//!                        - bit 2 indicates if the Pstate is overclockable or not
+//!                    - pstates[i].clocks has valid index range from 0 to numClocks -1
+//!                    - pstates[i].clocks[j].domainId is the public ID of the clock domain,
+//!                        containing the following info:
+//!                      - pstates[i].clocks[j].flags containing the following info:
+//!                          bit 0 indicates if the clock domain is overclockable or not
+//!                      - pstates[i].clocks[j].freq is the clock frequency in kHz
+//!                    - pstates[i].voltages has a valid index range from 0 to numVoltages - 1
+//!                    - pstates[i].voltages[j].domainId is the ID of the voltage domain,
+//!                        containing the following info:
+//!                      - pstates[i].voltages[j].flags is reserved for future use.
+//!                      - pstates[i].voltages[j].mvolt is the voltage in mV
+//!                  inputFlags(IN)   - This can be used to select various options:
+//!                    - if bit 0 is set, pPerfPstatesInfo would contain the default settings
+//!                        instead of the current, possibily overclocked settings.
+//!                    - if bit 1 is set, pPerfPstatesInfo would contain the maximum clock
+//!                        frequencies instead of the nominal frequencies.
+//!                    - if bit 2 is set, pPerfPstatesInfo would contain the minimum clock
+//!                        frequencies instead of the nominal frequencies.
+//!                    - all other bits must be set to 0.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                            Completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                         Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED            Handle passed has been invalidated (see user guide)
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE  Handle passed is not a physical GPU handle
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION   The version of the NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES struct is not supported
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 304. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetPstates20.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetPstatesInfoEx(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES_INFO *pPerfPstatesInfo, NvU32 inputFlags);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetPstates20
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API retrieves all performance states (P-States) 2.0 information.
+//!
+//!                 P-States are GPU active/executing performance capability states.
+//!                 They range from P0 to P15, with P0 being the highest performance state,
+//!                 and P15 being the lowest performance state. Each P-State, if available,
+//!                 maps to a performance level. Not all P-States are available on a given system.
+//!                 The definition of each P-States are currently as follow:
+//!                 - P0/P1 - Maximum 3D performance
+//!                 - P2/P3 - Balanced 3D performance-power
+//!                 - P8 - Basic HD video playback
+//!                 - P10 - DVD playback
+//!                 - P12 - Minimum idle power consumption
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 295
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hPhysicalGPU  GPU selection
+//! \param [out]  pPstatesInfo  P-States information retrieved, as documented in declaration above
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetPstates20(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES20_INFO *pPstatesInfo);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetCurrentPstate
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function retrieves the current performance state (P-State).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 165
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hPhysicalGPU     GPU selection
+//! \param [out]     pCurrentPstate   The ID of the current P-State of the GPU - see \ref NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATES.
+//!
+//! \retval    NVAPI_OK                             Completed request
+//! \retval    NVAPI_ERROR                          Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED             Handle passed has been invalidated (see user guide).
+//! \retval    NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE   Handle passed is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED                  P-States is not supported on this setup.
+//!
+//! \ingroup   gpupstate
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetCurrentPstate(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_PERF_PSTATE_ID *pCurrentPstate);
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_UTILIZATIONS 8
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetDynamicPstatesInfoEx().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32       version;        //!< Structure version
+    NvU32       flags;          //!< bit 0 indicates if the dynamic Pstate is enabled or not
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32   bIsPresent:1;   //!< Set if this utilization domain is present on this GPU
+        NvU32   percentage;     //!< Percentage of time where the domain is considered busy in the last 1 second interval
+    } utilization[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_UTILIZATIONS];
+} NV_GPU_DYNAMIC_PSTATES_INFO_EX;
+
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_DYNAMIC_PSTATES_INFO_EX
+#define NV_GPU_DYNAMIC_PSTATES_INFO_EX_VER MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_DYNAMIC_PSTATES_INFO_EX,1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetDynamicPstatesInfoEx
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API retrieves the NV_GPU_DYNAMIC_PSTATES_INFO_EX structure for the specified physical GPU.
+//!                Each domain's info is indexed in the array.  For example:
+//!                - pDynamicPstatesInfo->utilization[NVAPI_GPU_UTILIZATION_DOMAIN_GPU] holds the info for the GPU domain. \p
+//!                There are currently 4 domains for which GPU utilization and dynamic P-State thresholds can be retrieved:
+//!                   graphic engine (GPU), frame buffer (FB), video engine (VID), and bus interface (BUS).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  pDynamicPstatesInfo is NULL
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION The version of the INFO struct is not supported
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpupstate
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetDynamicPstatesInfoEx(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_DYNAMIC_PSTATES_INFO_EX *pDynamicPstatesInfoEx);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Thermal API
+//  Provides ability to get temperature levels from the various thermal sensors associated with the GPU
+
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+#define NVAPI_MAX_THERMAL_SENSORS_PER_GPU 3
+
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+//! Used in NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS
+typedef enum
+{
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_NONE          = 0,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_GPU           = 1,     //!< GPU core temperature requires NvPhysicalGpuHandle
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_MEMORY        = 2,     //!< GPU memory temperature requires NvPhysicalGpuHandle
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_POWER_SUPPLY  = 4,     //!< GPU power supply temperature requires NvPhysicalGpuHandle
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_BOARD         = 8,     //!< GPU board ambient temperature requires NvPhysicalGpuHandle
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_VCD_BOARD     = 9,     //!< Visual Computing Device Board temperature requires NvVisualComputingDeviceHandle
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_VCD_INLET     = 10,    //!< Visual Computing Device Inlet temperature requires NvVisualComputingDeviceHandle
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_VCD_OUTLET    = 11,    //!< Visual Computing Device Outlet temperature requires NvVisualComputingDeviceHandle
+
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_ALL           = 15,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_UNKNOWN       = -1,
+} NV_THERMAL_TARGET;
+
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+//! Used in NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS
+typedef enum
+{
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_NONE = 0,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_GPU_INTERNAL,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_ADM1032,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_MAX6649,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_MAX1617,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_LM99,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_LM89,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_LM64,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_ADT7473,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_SBMAX6649,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_VBIOSEVT,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_OS,
+    NVAPI_THERMAL_CONTROLLER_UNKNOWN = -1,
+} NV_THERMAL_CONTROLLER;
+
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetThermalSettings()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;                //!< structure version
+    NvU32   count;                  //!< number of associated thermal sensors
+    struct
+    {
+        NV_THERMAL_CONTROLLER       controller;        //!< internal, ADM1032, MAX6649...
+        NvU32                       defaultMinTemp;    //!< The min default temperature value of the thermal sensor in degree Celsius
+        NvU32                       defaultMaxTemp;    //!< The max default temperature value of the thermal sensor in degree Celsius
+        NvU32                       currentTemp;       //!< The current temperature value of the thermal sensor in degree Celsius
+        NV_THERMAL_TARGET           target;            //!< Thermal sensor targeted @ GPU, memory, chipset, powersupply, Visual Computing Device, etc.
+    } sensor[NVAPI_MAX_THERMAL_SENSORS_PER_GPU];
+
+} NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;                //!< structure version
+    NvU32   count;                  //!< number of associated thermal sensors
+    struct
+    {
+        NV_THERMAL_CONTROLLER       controller;         //!< internal, ADM1032, MAX6649...
+        NvS32                       defaultMinTemp;     //!< Minimum default temperature value of the thermal sensor in degree Celsius
+        NvS32                       defaultMaxTemp;     //!< Maximum default temperature value of the thermal sensor in degree Celsius
+        NvS32                       currentTemp;        //!< Current temperature value of the thermal sensor in degree Celsius
+        NV_THERMAL_TARGET           target;             //!< Thermal sensor targeted - GPU, memory, chipset, powersupply, Visual Computing Device, etc
+    } sensor[NVAPI_MAX_THERMAL_SENSORS_PER_GPU];
+
+} NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_V2;
+
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+typedef NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_V2  NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS;
+
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+//! @{
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_V1
+#define NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_V1,1)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_V2
+#define NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_VER_2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_V2,2)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS
+#define NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_VER     NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS_VER_2
+//! @}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GPU_GetThermalSettings
+//
+//!  This function retrieves the thermal information of all thermal sensors or specific thermal sensor associated with the selected GPU.
+//!  Thermal sensors are indexed 0 to NVAPI_MAX_THERMAL_SENSORS_PER_GPU-1.
+//!
+//!  - To retrieve specific thermal sensor info, set the sensorIndex to the required thermal sensor index.
+//!  - To retrieve info for all sensors, set sensorIndex to NVAPI_THERMAL_TARGET_ALL.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hPhysicalGPU      GPU selection.
+//! \param [in]   sensorIndex       Explicit thermal sensor index selection.
+//! \param [out]  pThermalSettings  Array of thermal settings.
+//!
+//! \retval   NVAPI_OK                           Completed request
+//! \retval   NVAPI_ERROR                        Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             pThermalInfo is NULL.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED           Handle passed has been invalidated (see user guide).
+//! \retval   NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE Handle passed is not a physical GPU handle.
+//! \retval   NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION  The version of the INFO struct is not supported.
+//! \ingroup gputhermal
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetThermalSettings(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 sensorIndex, NV_GPU_THERMAL_SETTINGS *pThermalSettings);
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetAllClockFrequencies()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;    //!< Structure version
+    NvU32   reserved;   //!< These bits are reserved for future use.
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32 bIsPresent:1;         //!< Set if this domain is present on this GPU
+        NvU32 reserved:31;          //!< These bits are reserved for future use.
+        NvU32 frequency;            //!< Clock frequency (kHz)
+    }domain[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCKS];
+} NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_V1;
+
+#ifndef NV_GPU_MAX_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES
+    #define NV_GPU_MAX_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES 3
+#endif
+
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetAllClockFrequencies()
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_CURRENT_FREQ                = 0,
+    NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_BASE_CLOCK                  = 1,
+    NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_BOOST_CLOCK                 = 2,
+    NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_CLOCK_TYPE_NUM              = NV_GPU_MAX_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES
+}   NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_CLOCK_TYPE;
+
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetAllClockFrequencies()
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;        //!< Structure version
+    NvU32   ClockType:4;    //!< One of NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_CLOCK_TYPE. Used to specify the type of clock to be returned.
+    NvU32   reserved:20;    //!< These bits are reserved for future use. Must be set to 0.
+    NvU32   reserved1:8;    //!< These bits are reserved.
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32 bIsPresent:1;         //!< Set if this domain is present on this GPU
+        NvU32 reserved:31;          //!< These bits are reserved for future use.
+        NvU32 frequency;            //!< Clock frequency (kHz)
+    }domain[NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCKS];
+} NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_V2;
+
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetAllClockFrequencies()
+typedef NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_V2 NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES;
+
+//! \addtogroup gpuclock
+//! @{
+#define NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_VER_1    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_V1,1)
+#define NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_VER_2    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_V2,2)
+#define NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_VER_3    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_V2,3)
+#define NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_VER      NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES_VER_3
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetAllClockFrequencies
+//
+//!   This function retrieves the NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES structure for the specified physical GPU.
+//!
+//!   For each clock domain:
+//!      - bIsPresent is set for each domain that is present on the GPU
+//!      - frequency is the domain's clock freq in kHz
+//!
+//!   Each domain's info is indexed in the array.  For example:
+//!   clkFreqs.domain[NVAPI_GPU_PUBLIC_CLOCK_MEMORY] holds the info for the MEMORY domain.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 295
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     pClkFreqs is NULL.
+//! \ingroup gpuclock
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetAllClockFrequencies(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGPU, __inout NV_GPU_CLOCK_FREQUENCIES *pClkFreqs);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_QueryIlluminationSupport
+//!
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_QueryIlluminationSupport(__inout  NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM *pIlluminationSupportInfo)
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This function reports if the specified illumination attribute is supported.
+//!
+//! \note Only a single GPU can manage an given attribute on a given HW element,
+//!       regardless of how many are attatched. I.E. only one GPU will be used to control
+//!       the brightness of the LED on an SLI bridge, regardless of how many are physicaly attached.
+//!       You should enumerate thru the GPUs with this call to determine which GPU is managing the attribute.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 300.05
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu        Physical GPU handle
+//! \param       Attribute           An enumeration value specifying the Illumination attribute to be querried
+//! \param [out] pSupported          A boolean indicating if the attribute is supported.
+//!
+//! \return See \ref nvapistatus for the list of possible return values.
+//
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB
+{
+    NV_GPU_IA_LOGO_BRIGHTNESS  = 0,
+    NV_GPU_IA_SLI_BRIGHTNESS   = 1,
+} NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM_V1 {
+
+    // IN
+    NvU32   version;                        //!< Version of this structure
+    NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu;       //!< The handle of the GPU that you are checking for the specified attribute.
+                                            //!< note that this is the GPU that is managing the attribute.
+                                            //!< Only a single GPU can manage an given attribute on a given HW element,
+                                            //!< regardless of how many are attatched.
+                                            //!< I.E. only one GPU will be used to control the brightness of the LED on an SLI bridge,
+                                            //!< regardless of how many are physicaly attached.
+                                            //!< You enumerate thru the GPUs with this call to determine which GPU is managing the attribute.
+    NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB Attribute;   //!< An enumeration value specifying the Illumination attribute to be querried.
+                                            //!<     refer to enum \ref NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB.
+
+    // OUT
+    NvU32    bSupported;                    //!< A boolean indicating if the attribute is supported.
+
+} NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM_V1      NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM;
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM_V1,1)
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM_VER     NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM_VER_1
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_QueryIlluminationSupport(__inout NV_GPU_QUERY_ILLUMINATION_SUPPORT_PARM *pIlluminationSupportInfo);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetIllumination
+//!
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_GetIllumination(NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM *pIlluminationInfo)
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This function reports value of the specified illumination attribute.
+//!
+//! \note Only a single GPU can manage an given attribute on a given HW element,
+//!       regardless of how many are attatched. I.E. only one GPU will be used to control
+//!       the brightness of the LED on an SLI bridge, regardless of how many are physicaly attached.
+//!       You should enumerate thru the GPUs with the \ref NvAPI_GPU_QueryIlluminationSupport call to
+//!       determine which GPU is managing the attribute.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 300.05
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu        Physical GPU handle
+//! \param       Attribute           An enumeration value specifying the Illumination attribute to be querried
+//! \param [out] Value               A DWORD containing the current value for the specified attribute.
+//!                                  This is specified as a percentage of the full range of the attribute
+//!                                  (0-100; 0 = off, 100 = full brightness)
+//!
+//! \return See \ref nvapistatus for the list of possible return values. Return values of special interest are:
+//!             NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT The specified attibute is not known to the driver.
+//!             NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED:   The specified attribute is not supported on the specified GPU
+//
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1 {
+
+    // IN
+    NvU32   version;                        //!< Version of this structure
+    NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu;       //!< The handle of the GPU that you are checking for the specified attribute.
+                                            //!< Note that this is the GPU that is managing the attribute.
+                                            //!< Only a single GPU can manage an given attribute on a given HW element,
+                                            //!< regardless of how many are attatched.
+                                            //!< I.E. only one GPU will be used to control the brightness of the LED on an SLI bridge,
+                                            //!< regardless of how many are physicaly attached.
+                                            //!< You enumerate thru the GPUs with this call to determine which GPU is managing the attribute.
+    NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB Attribute;   //!< An enumeration value specifying the Illumination attribute to be querried.
+                                            //!< refer to enum \ref NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB.
+
+    // OUT
+    NvU32    Value;                         //!< A DWORD that will contain the current value of the specified attribute.
+                                            //! This is specified as a percentage of the full range of the attribute
+                                            //! (0-100; 0 = off, 100 = full brightness)
+
+} NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1      NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM;
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1,1)
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_VER     NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_VER_1
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetIllumination(NV_GPU_GET_ILLUMINATION_PARM *pIlluminationInfo);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_SetIllumination
+//!
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_SetIllumination(NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM *pIlluminationInfo)
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This function sets the value of the specified illumination attribute.
+//!
+//! \note Only a single GPU can manage an given attribute on a given HW element,
+//!       regardless of how many are attatched. I.E. only one GPU will be used to control
+//!       the brightness of the LED on an SLI bridge, regardless of how many are physicaly attached.
+//!       You should enumerate thru the GPUs with the \ref NvAPI_GPU_QueryIlluminationSupport call to
+//!       determine which GPU is managing the attribute.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 300.05
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu        Physical GPU handle
+//! \param       Attribute           An enumeration value specifying the Illumination attribute to be set
+//! \param       Value               The new value for the specified attribute.
+//!                                  This should be specified as a percentage of the full range of the attribute
+//!                                  (0-100; 0 = off, 100 = full brightness)
+//!                                  If a value is specified outside this range, NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT will be returned.
+//!
+//! \return See \ref nvapistatus for the list of possible return values. Return values of special interest are:
+//!             NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  The specified attibute is not known to the driver, or the specified value is out of range.
+//!             NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED     The specified attribute is not supported on the specified GPU.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1 {
+
+    // IN
+    NvU32   version;                        //!< Version of this structure
+    NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu;       //!< The handle of the GPU that you are checking for the specified attribute.
+                                            //!< Note that this is the GPU that is managing the attribute.
+                                            //!< Only a single GPU can manage an given attribute on a given HW element,
+                                            //!< regardless of how many are attatched.
+                                            //!< I.E. only one GPU will be used to control the brightness of the LED on an SLI bridge,
+                                            //!< regardless of how many are physicaly attached.
+                                            //!< You enumerate thru the GPUs with this call to determine which GPU is managing the attribute.
+    NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB Attribute;   //!< An enumeration value specifying the Illumination attribute to be querried.
+                                            //!< refer to enum \ref NV_GPU_ILLUMINATION_ATTRIB.
+    NvU32    Value;                         //!< A DWORD containing the new value for the specified attribute.
+                                            //!< This should be specified as a percentage of the full range of the attribute
+                                            //!< (0-100; 0 = off, 100 = full brightness)
+                                            //!< If a value is specified outside this range, NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT will be returned.
+
+    // OUT
+
+} NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+typedef NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1      NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM;
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_V1,1)
+//! \ingroup gpu
+#define NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_VER     NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM_VER_1
+
+//! \ingroup gpu
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_SetIllumination(NV_GPU_SET_ILLUMINATION_PARM *pIlluminationInfo);
+
+
+
+/*!
+ * Enumeration of control modes that can be applied to Illumination Zones.
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGB = 0,       // deprecated
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB, // deprecated
+
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL = 0,        
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR,
+
+    // Strictly add new control modes above this.
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_INVALID = 0xFF,
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE;
+
+/*!
+ * Enumeration of locations where an Illumination Zone might be present.
+ * Encoding used -
+ *   1:0 - Number specifier (0)
+ *   4:2 - Location (TOP)
+ *   7:5 - Type (GPU/SLI)
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_LOCATION_GPU_TOP_0   = 0x00,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_LOCATION_GPU_FRONT_0 = 0x08,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_LOCATION_GPU_BACK_0  = 0x0C,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_LOCATION_SLI_TOP_0   = 0x20,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_LOCATION_INVALID     = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_LOCATION;
+
+/*!
+ * Enumeration of ILLUM_DEVICEs.
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_TYPE_INVALID = 0,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_TYPE_MCUV10,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_TYPE_GPIO_PWM_RGBW_V10,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_TYPE_GPIO_PWM_SINGLE_COLOR_V10,
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_TYPE;
+
+/*!
+ * Enumeration of ILLUM_ZONEs.
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_INVALID = 0,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_RGB,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_COLOR_FIXED,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_RGBW,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_SINGLE_COLOR,
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE;
+
+/*!
+ * Number of color points for the piecewise linear control mode.
+ */
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_ENDPOINTS           2
+
+/*!
+ * Enumeration of Cycle types for piecewise linear control mode.
+ */
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_CYCLE_HALF_HALT = 0,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_CYCLE_FULL_HALT,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_CYCLE_FULL_REPEAT,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_CYCLE_INVALID = 0xFF,
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_CYCLE_TYPE;
+
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_NUM_DEVICES_MAX 32
+ 
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_V1
+ * Describes the static information of illumination device type MCUV10.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_MCUV10
+{
+    /*!
+     * I2C Device Index: Pointing to the illumination device in I2C Devices Table.
+     */
+    NvU8 i2cDevIdx;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_MCUV10;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_V1
+ * Describes the static information of illum device type GPIO_PWM_RGBW.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_GPIO_PWM_RGBW
+{
+    /*!
+     * Red drive GPIO pin.
+     */
+    NvU8 gpioPinRed;
+
+    /*!
+     * Green drive GPIO pin.
+     */
+    NvU8 gpioPinGreen;
+
+    /*!
+     * Blue drive GPIO pin.
+     */
+    NvU8 gpioPinBlue;
+
+    /*!
+     * White drive GPIO pin.
+     */
+    NvU8 gpioPinWhite;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_GPIO_PWM_RGBW;
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_V1
+ * Describes the static information of illum device type GPIO_PWM_SINGLE_COLOR.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_GPIO_PWM_SINGLE_COLOR
+{
+    /*!
+     * Single Color GPIO pin.
+     */
+    NvU8 gpioPinSingleColor;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_GPIO_PWM_SINGLE_COLOR;
+
+/*!
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * Type of the illumination device.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_TYPE    type;
+ 
+    /*!
+     * Supported control modes for this illumination device.
+     */
+    NvU32                              ctrlModeMask;
+ 
+    /*!
+     * Union of illumination device info data. Interpreted as per
+     * @ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_V1::type
+     */
+    union
+    {
+        //
+        // Need to be careful when add/expanding types in this union. If any type
+        // exceeds sizeof(rsvd) then rsvd has failed its purpose.
+        //
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_MCUV10                 mcuv10;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_GPIO_PWM_RGBW          gpioPwmRgbwv10;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_DATA_GPIO_PWM_SINGLE_COLOR  gpioPwmSingleColorv10;
+
+        /*!
+         * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+         */
+        NvU8                                           rsvd[64];
+    } data;
+ 
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_V1;
+ 
+/*!
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * Version of structure. Must always be first member.
+     */
+    NvU32       version;
+
+    /*!
+     * Number of illumination devices present.
+     */
+    NvU32       numIllumDevices;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+     */
+    NvU8        rsvd[64];
+ 
+    /*!
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_V1 devices[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_NUM_DEVICES_MAX];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS_V1;
+ 
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS_VER   NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS_VER_1
+typedef NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS_V1    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS;
+ 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumDevicesGetInfo
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API returns static information about illumination devices on the
+//!                given GPU.
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 400
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu       The physical GPU handle
+//! \param [out] pIllumDevicesInfo  Pointer to structure containing static
+//!                                 information about illumination devices.
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumDevicesGetInfo(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_INFO_PARAMS *pIllumDevicesInfo);
+
+
+/*!
+ * Structure representing the data required for synchronization.
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+    /*!
+     * Boolean representing the need for synchronization.
+     */
+    NvBool bSync;
+
+    /*!
+     * Time stamp value required for synchronization.
+     */
+    NvU64  timeStampms;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_SYNC_V1;
+
+/*!
+ * Structure representing the device control parameters of each ILLUM_DEVICE.
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+    /*!
+     * Type of the illum device.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_TYPE    type;
+
+    /*!
+     * Structure containing the synchronization data for the illumination device.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_SYNC_V1    syncData;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_V1;
+
+typedef NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_V1    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL;
+
+/*!
+ * Structure representing the control parameters of ILLUM_DEVICE-s.
+ */
+typedef struct
+{
+    /*!
+     * Version of structure. Must always be first member.
+     */
+    NvU32   version;
+
+    /*!
+     * Number of illumination devices present.
+     */
+    NvU32   numIllumDevices;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+
+    /*!
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_V1 devices[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_NUM_DEVICES_MAX];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1;
+
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER   NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER_1
+typedef NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumDevicesGetControl
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API gets control parameters about illumination devices on the
+//!                given GPU.
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 400
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu          The physical GPU handle
+//! \param [inout] pIllumDevicesControl  Pointer to structure containing control
+//!                                 information about illum devices.
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumDevicesGetControl(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS *pClientIllumDevicesControl);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumDevicesSetControl
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API sets control parameters about illumination devices on the
+//!                given GPU.
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 400
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu          The physical GPU handle
+//! \param [inout] pClientIllumDevicesControl  Pointer to structure containing control
+//!                                 information about illum devices.
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumDevicesSetControl(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_DEVICE_CONTROL_PARAMS *pClientIllumDevicesControl);
+
+ 
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_NUM_ZONES_MAX 32
+ 
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_RGB
+{
+    NvU8 rsvd;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_RGB;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_V1
+ * Describes the static information of illum zone type RGBW.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_RGBW
+{
+    NvU8 rsvd;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_RGBW;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_V1
+ * Describes the static information of illum zone type SINGLE_COLOR.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR
+{
+    NvU8 rsvd;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_V1
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE      type;
+
+    /*!
+     * Index pointing to an Illumination Device that controls this zone.
+     */
+    NvU8                               illumDeviceIdx;
+
+    /*!
+     * Provider index for representing logical to physical zone mapping.
+     */
+    NvU8                                provIdx;
+
+    /*!
+     * Location of the zone on the board.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_LOCATION  zoneLocation;
+
+    union
+    {
+        //
+        // Need to be careful when add/expanding types in this union. If any type
+        // exceeds sizeof(rsvd) then rsvd has failed its purpose.
+        //
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_RGB          rgb;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_RGBW         rgbw;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR singleColor;
+
+        /*!
+         * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+         */
+        NvU8                                      rsvd[64];
+    } data;
+ 
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_V1;
+ 
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * Version of structure. Must always be first member.
+     */
+    NvU32   version;
+
+    /*!
+     * Number of illumination zones present.
+     */
+    NvU32   numIllumZones;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_V1 zones[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_NUM_ZONES_MAX];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS_V1;
+ 
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS_VER   NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS_VER_1
+typedef NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS_V1    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS;
+ 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumZonesGetInfo
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API returns static information about illumination zones on the
+//!                given GPU.
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 400
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu     The physical GPU handle
+//! \param [out] pIllumZonesInfo  Pointer to structure containing static
+//!                               information about illumination devices.
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumZonesGetInfo(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_INFO_PARAMS *pIllumZonesInfo);
+ 
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB
+ * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB_PARAMS
+{
+    /*!
+     * Red compenent of color applied to the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 colorR;
+
+    /*!
+     * Green compenent of color applied to the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 colorG;
+
+    /*!
+     * Blue compenent of color applied to the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 colorB;
+
+    /*!
+     * Brightness perecentage value of the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 brightnessPct;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB_PARAMS;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGB
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGB.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB_PARAMS rgbParams;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR
+{
+    /*!
+     * Type of cycle effect to apply.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_CYCLE_TYPE    cycleType;
+
+    /*!
+     * Number of times to repeat function within group period.
+     */
+    NvU8    grpCount;
+
+    /*!
+     * Time in ms to transition from color A to color B.
+     */
+    NvU16   riseTimems;
+
+    /*!
+     * Time in ms to transition from color B to color A.
+     */
+    NvU16   fallTimems;
+
+    /*!
+     * Time in ms to remain at color A before color A to color B transition.
+     */
+    NvU16   ATimems;
+
+    /*!
+     * Time in ms to remain at color B before color B to color A transition.
+     */
+    NvU16   BTimems;
+
+    /*!
+     * Time in ms to remain idle before next group of repeated function cycles.
+     */
+    NvU16   grpIdleTimems;
+
+    /*!
+     * Time in ms to offset the cycle relative to other zones.
+     */
+    NvU16   phaseOffsetms;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGB
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB_PARAMS rgbParams[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_ENDPOINTS];
+
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR  piecewiseLinearData;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_V1
+ * Describes the control data for illumination zone of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGB
+{
+    /*!
+     * Union of illumination zone control data for zone of type NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_RGB.
+     * Interpreted as per ctrlMode.
+     */
+    union
+    {
+        //
+        // Need to be careful when add/expanding types in this union. If any type
+        // exceeds sizeof(rsvd) then rsvd has failed its purpose.
+        //
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGB            manualRGB;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB  piecewiseLinearRGB;
+
+        /*!
+         * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+         */
+        NvU8                                         rsvd[64];
+    } data;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGB;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED
+ * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED_PARAMS
+{
+    /*!
+     * Brightness percentage value of the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 brightnessPct;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED_PARAMS;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_COLOR_FIXED
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGB.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED_PARAMS colorFixedParams;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_COLOR_FIXED
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_FIXED
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGB.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED_PARAMS colorFixedParams[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_ENDPOINTS];
+
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR          piecewiseLinearData;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_FIXED;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_V1
+ * Describes the control data for illum zone of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_COLOR_FIXED.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_COLOR_FIXED
+{
+    /*!
+     * Union of illum zone control data for zone of type NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_COLOR_FIXED.
+     * Interpreted as per ctrlMode.
+     */
+    union
+    {
+        //
+        // Need to be careful when add/expanding types in this union. If any type
+        // exceeds sizeof(rsvd) then rsvd has failed its purpose.
+        //
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_COLOR_FIXED           manualColorFixed;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_FIXED piecewiseLinearColorFixed;
+        /*!
+         * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+         */
+        NvU8                                         rsvd[64];
+    } data;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_COLOR_FIXED;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW
+ * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGBW.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW_PARAMS
+{
+    /*!
+     * Red component of color applied to the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 colorR;
+  
+    /*!
+     * Green component of color applied to the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 colorG;
+  
+    /*!
+     * Blue component of color applied to the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 colorB;
+  
+    /*!
+     * White component of color applied to the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 colorW;
+  
+    /*!
+     * Brightness percentage value of the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 brightnessPct;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW_PARAMS;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGBW
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGBW.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_RGBW.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW_PARAMS rgbwParams;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGBW
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGBW.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGBW
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGBW.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW_PARAMS rgbwParams[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_ENDPOINTS];
+  
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR  piecewiseLinearData;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGBW;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_V1
+ * Describes the control data for illum zone of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_RGBW.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGBW
+{
+    /*!
+     * Union of illum zone control data for zone of type NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_RGBW.
+     * Interpreted as per ctrlMode.
+     */
+    union
+    {
+        //
+        // Need to be careful when add/expanding types in this union. If any type
+        // exceeds sizeof(rsvd) then rsvd has failed its purpose.
+        //
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_RGBW           manualRGBW;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_RGBW piecewiseLinearRGBW;
+        /*!
+         * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+         */
+        NvU8                                         rsvd[64];
+    } data;
+  
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGBW;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR
+ * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR_PARAMS
+{
+    /*!
+     * Brightness percentage value of the zone.
+     */
+    NvU8 brightnessPct;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR_PARAMS;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR_PARAMS singleColorParams;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR
+ * Data required to represent control mode of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_SINGLE_COLOR.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_SINGLE_COLOR
+{
+    /*!
+     * Parameters required to represent control mode of type
+     * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_SINGLE_COLOR.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR_PARAMS singleColorParams[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_COLOR_ENDPOINTS];
+  
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR  piecewiseLinearData;
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_SINGLE_COLOR;
+
+/*!
+ * Used in \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_V1
+ * Describes the control data for illum zone of type
+ * \ref NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_SINGLE_COLOR.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR
+{
+    /*!
+     * Union of illum zone control data for zone of type NV_GPU_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE_SINGLE_COLOR.
+     * Interpreted as per ctrlMode.
+     */
+    union
+    {
+        //
+        // Need to be careful when add/expanding types in this union. If any type
+        // exceeds sizeof(rsvd) then rsvd has failed its purpose.
+        //
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_MANUAL_SINGLE_COLOR           manualSingleColor;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_PIECEWISE_LINEAR_SINGLE_COLOR piecewiseLinearSingleColor;
+        /*!
+         * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+         */
+        NvU8                                         rsvd[64];
+    } data;
+  
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future.
+     */
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_V1
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_TYPE  type;
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_CTRL_MODE  ctrlMode;
+    union
+    {
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGB           rgb;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_COLOR_FIXED   colorFixed;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_RGBW          rgbw;
+        NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_DATA_SINGLE_COLOR  singleColor;        
+        NvU8                                                rsvd[64];
+    } data;
+    NvU8    rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_V1;
+ 
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                          version;
+ 
+    /*!
+     * Bit field specifying the set of values to retrieve or set
+     * - default (NV_TRUE)
+     * - currently active (NV_FALSE).
+     */
+    NvU32                          bDefault : 1;
+    NvU32                          rsvdField : 31;
+
+    /*!
+     * Number of illumination zones present.
+     */
+    NvU32   numIllumZonesControl;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for possible future extension of this struct.
+     */
+    NvU8                           rsvd[64];
+  
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_V1 zones[NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_NUM_ZONES_MAX];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1;
+ 
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER   NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER_1
+typedef NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1    NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS;
+ 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumZonesGetControl
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:    Accessor for control information about illumination zones on the
+//!                 given GPU.
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 400
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu        The physical GPU handle
+//! \param [out] pIllumZonesControl  Pointer to structure containing control
+//!                                  information about illumination zones.
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumZonesGetControl(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS *pIllumZonesControl);
+ 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumZonesSetControl
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:   Mutator for control information about illumination zones on the
+//!                given GPU.
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 400
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu        The physical GPU handle
+//! \param [out] pIllumZonesControl  Pointer to structure containing control
+//!                                  information about illumination zones.
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API,
+//!          they are listed below.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ClientIllumZonesSetControl(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GPU_CLIENT_ILLUM_ZONE_CONTROL_PARAMS *pIllumZonesControl);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Event_RegisterCallback
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API registers the process for events. This API should be called for each eventcallback.
+//!                The handle returned to the client will be common across all eventCallbacks.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  eventCallback  Pointer to NV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK structure to call
+//!                             on new events
+//! \param [out] phClient       Handle to client for use with
+//!                             unregister function
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NvAPI not initialized
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - Invalid argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Event_RegisterCallback(PNV_EVENT_REGISTER_CALLBACK eventCallback,
+                                             NvEventHandle* phClient);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Event_UnregisterCallback
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API unregister an event handle.
+//!                This API should be called only once per process(irrespective of the number of callbacks registered).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    hClient  Handle associated with this listeners
+//!                         event queue. Same as returned from
+//!                         NvAPI_Event_RegisterCallback().
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NvAPI not initialized
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - Invalid argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Event_UnregisterCallback(NvEventHandle hClient);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_EnumNvidiaDisplayHandle
+//
+//! This function returns the handle of the NVIDIA display specified by the enum
+//!                index (thisEnum). The client should keep enumerating until it
+//!                returns error.
+//!
+//!                Note: Display handles can get invalidated on a modeset, so the calling applications need to
+//!                renum the handles after every modeset.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \param [in]  thisEnum      The index of the NVIDIA display.
+//! \param [out] pNvDispHandle Pointer to the NVIDIA display handle.
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT        Either the handle pointer is NULL or enum index too big
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                      Return a valid NvDisplayHandle based on the enum index
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND No NVIDIA device found in the system
+//! \retval NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION         No more display device to enumerate
+//! \ingroup disphandle
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_EnumNvidiaDisplayHandle(NvU32 thisEnum, NvDisplayHandle *pNvDispHandle);
+
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_EnumNvidiaUnAttachedDisplayHandle
+//
+//! This function returns the handle of the NVIDIA unattached display specified by the enum
+//!                index (thisEnum). The client should keep enumerating until it
+//!                returns error.
+//!                Note: Display handles can get invalidated on a modeset, so the calling applications need to
+//!                renum the handles after every modeset.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \param [in]  thisEnum                  The index of the NVIDIA display.
+//! \param [out] pNvUnAttachedDispHandle   Pointer to the NVIDIA display handle of the unattached display.
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         Either the handle pointer is NULL or enum index too big
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       Return a valid NvDisplayHandle based on the enum index
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA device found in the system
+//! \retval NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION          No more display device to enumerate.
+//! \ingroup disphandle
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_EnumNvidiaUnAttachedDisplayHandle(NvU32 thisEnum, NvUnAttachedDisplayHandle *pNvUnAttachedDispHandle);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_CreateDisplayFromUnAttachedDisplay
+//
+//! This function converts the unattached display handle to an active attached display handle.
+//!
+//! At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         hNvUnAttachedDisp is not valid or pNvDisplay is NULL.
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_CreateDisplayFromUnAttachedDisplay(NvUnAttachedDisplayHandle hNvUnAttachedDisp, NvDisplayHandle *pNvDisplay);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetAssociatedNVidiaDisplayHandle
+//
+//!  This function returns the handle of the NVIDIA display that is associated
+//!  with the given display "name" (such as "\\.\DISPLAY1").
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         Either argument is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                      *pNvDispHandle is now valid
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA device maps to that display name
+//! \ingroup disphandle
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetAssociatedNvidiaDisplayHandle(const char *szDisplayName, NvDisplayHandle *pNvDispHandle);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DISP_GetAssociatedUnAttachedNvidiaDisplayHandle
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function returns the handle of an unattached NVIDIA display that is
+//!                associated with the given display name (such as "\\DISPLAY1").
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT          Either argument is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                       *pNvUnAttachedDispHandle is now valid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND   No NVIDIA device maps to that display name.
+//!
+//! \ingroup disphandle
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetAssociatedUnAttachedNvidiaDisplayHandle(const char *szDisplayName, NvUnAttachedDisplayHandle *pNvUnAttachedDispHandle);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetAssociatedNVidiaDisplayName
+//
+//!  For a given NVIDIA display handle, this function returns a string (such as "\\.\DISPLAY1") to identify the display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT          Either argument is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       *pNvDispHandle is now valid
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND   No NVIDIA device maps to that display name
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetAssociatedNvidiaDisplayName(NvDisplayHandle NvDispHandle, NvAPI_ShortString szDisplayName);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetUnAttachedAssociatedDisplayName
+//
+//!  This function returns the display name given, for example, "\\DISPLAY1", using the unattached NVIDIA display handle
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT          Either argument is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       *pNvDispHandle is now valid
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND   No NVIDIA device maps to that display name
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetUnAttachedAssociatedDisplayName(NvUnAttachedDisplayHandle hNvUnAttachedDisp, NvAPI_ShortString szDisplayName);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_EnableHWCursor
+//
+//!  This function enables hardware cursor support
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows XP
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \return NVAPI_ERROR or NVAPI_OK
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_EnableHWCursor(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DisableHWCursor
+//
+//! This function disables hardware cursor support
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows XP
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \return  NVAPI_ERROR or NVAPI_OK
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DisableHWCursor(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetVBlankCounter
+//
+//!  This function gets the V-blank counter
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \return NVAPI_ERROR or NVAPI_OK
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetVBlankCounter(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NvU32 *pCounter);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:  NvAPI_SetRefreshRateOverride
+//
+//!  This function overrides the refresh rate on the given display/outputsMask.
+//!  The new refresh rate can be applied right away in this API call or deferred to be applied with the
+//!  next OS modeset. The override is good for only one modeset (regardless whether it's deferred or immediate).
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows XP
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//!  \param [in] hNvDisplay    The NVIDIA display handle. It can be NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle
+//!                           enumerated from NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//!  \param [in] outputsMask  A set of bits that identify all target outputs which are associated with the NVIDIA
+//!                           display handle to apply the refresh rate override. When SLI is enabled, the
+//!                           outputsMask only applies to the GPU that is driving the display output.
+//!  \param [in] refreshRate  The override value. "0.0" means cancel the override.
+//!  \param [in] bSetDeferred
+//!              - "0": Apply the refresh rate override immediately in this API call.\p
+//!              - "1": Apply refresh rate at the next OS modeset.
+//!
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT hNvDisplay or outputsMask is invalid
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_OK               The refresh rate override is correct set
+//!  \retval  NVAPI_ERROR            The operation failed
+//!  \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SetRefreshRateOverride(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NvU32 outputsMask, float refreshRate, NvU32 bSetDeferred);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetAssociatedDisplayOutputId
+//
+//! This function gets the active outputId associated with the display handle.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 90
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvDisplay  NVIDIA Display selection. It can be NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle enumerated from NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//! \param [out] outputId    The active display output ID associated with the selected display handle hNvDisplay.
+//!                          The outputid will have only one bit set. In the case of Clone or Span mode, this will indicate the
+//!                          display outputId of the primary display that the GPU is driving. See \ref handles.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                      Call successful.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_EXPECTED_DISPLAY_HANDLE hNvDisplay is not a valid display handle.
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetAssociatedDisplayOutputId(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NvU32 *pOutputId);
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_GetDisplayPortInfo().
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO_V1
+{
+    NvU32               version;                                  //!< Structure version
+    NvU32               dpcd_ver;                                 //!< DPCD version of the monitor
+    NV_DP_LINK_RATE     maxLinkRate;                              //!< Maximum supported link rate
+    NV_DP_LANE_COUNT    maxLaneCount;                             //!< Maximum supported lane count
+    NV_DP_LINK_RATE     curLinkRate;                              //!< Current link rate
+    NV_DP_LANE_COUNT    curLaneCount;                             //!< Current lane count
+    NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT  colorFormat;                              //!< Current color format
+    NV_DP_DYNAMIC_RANGE dynamicRange;                             //!< Dynamic range
+    NV_DP_COLORIMETRY   colorimetry;                              //!< Ignored in RGB space
+    NV_DP_BPC           bpc;                                      //!< Current bit-per-component
+    NvU32               isDp                                : 1;  //!< If the monitor is driven by a DisplayPort
+    NvU32               isInternalDp                        : 1;  //!< If the monitor is driven by an NV Dp transmitter
+    NvU32               isColorCtrlSupported                : 1;  //!< If the color format change is supported
+    NvU32               is6BPCSupported                     : 1;  //!< If 6 bpc is supported
+    NvU32               is8BPCSupported                     : 1;  //!< If 8 bpc is supported
+    NvU32               is10BPCSupported                    : 1;  //!< If 10 bpc is supported
+    NvU32               is12BPCSupported                    : 1;  //!< If 12 bpc is supported
+    NvU32               is16BPCSupported                    : 1;  //!< If 16 bpc is supported
+    NvU32               isYCrCb420Supported                 : 1;  //!< If YCrCb420 is supported
+    NvU32               isYCrCb422Supported                 : 1;  //!< If YCrCb422 is supported
+    NvU32               isYCrCb444Supported                 : 1;  //!< If YCrCb444 is supported
+    NvU32               isRgb444SupportedOnCurrentMode      : 1;  //!< If Rgb444 is supported on the current mode
+    NvU32               isYCbCr444SupportedOnCurrentMode    : 1;  //!< If YCbCr444 is supported on the current mode
+    NvU32               isYCbCr422SupportedOnCurrentMode    : 1;  //!< If YCbCr422 is supported on the current mode
+    NvU32               isYCbCr420SupportedOnCurrentMode    : 1;  //!< If YCbCr420 is supported on the current mode
+    NvU32               is6BPCSupportedOnCurrentMode        : 1;  // if 6 bpc is supported On Current Mode
+    NvU32               is8BPCSupportedOnCurrentMode        : 1;  // if 8 bpc is supported On Current Mode
+    NvU32               is10BPCSupportedOnCurrentMode       : 1;  // if 10 bpc is supported On Current Mode
+    NvU32               is12BPCSupportedOnCurrentMode       : 1;  // if 12 bpc is supported On Current Mode
+    NvU32               is16BPCSupportedOnCurrentMode       : 1;  // if 16 bpc is supported On Current Mode
+    NvU32               isMonxvYCC601Capable                : 1;  // if xvYCC 601 extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32               isMonxvYCC709Capable                : 1;  // if xvYCC 709 extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32               isMonsYCC601Capable                 : 1;  // if sYCC601 extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32               isMonAdobeYCC601Capable             : 1;  // if AdobeYCC601 extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32               isMonAdobeRGBCapable                : 1;  // if AdobeRGB extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32               isMonBT2020RGBCapable               : 1;  // if BT2020 RGB extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32               isMonBT2020YCCCapable               : 1;  // if BT2020 Y'CbCr extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32               isMonBT2020cYCCCapable              : 1;  // if BT2020 cYCbCr (constant luminance) extended colorimetry is supported
+
+    NvU32               reserved                            : 4;  //!< reserved
+ } NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO_V1;
+
+ typedef NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO_V1 NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO.
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO,1)
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO,2)
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO_VER   NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO_VER2
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GetDisplayPortInfo
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GetDisplayPortInfo(__in_opt NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, __in NvU32 outputId, __inout NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO *pInfo)
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function returns the current DisplayPort-related information on the specified device (monitor).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 165
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hvDisplay     NVIDIA Display selection. It can be NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle enumerated from NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//!                               This parameter is ignored when the outputId is a NvAPI displayId.
+//! \param [in]     outputId      This can either be the connection bit mask or the NvAPI displayId. When the legacy connection bit mask is passed,
+//!                               it should have exactly 1 bit set to indicate a single display. If it's "0" then the default outputId from
+//!                               NvAPI_GetAssociatedDisplayOutputId() will be used. See \ref handles.
+//! \param [out]    pInfo         The DisplayPort information
+//!
+//! \retval         NVAPI_OK                Completed request
+//! \retval         NVAPI_ERROR             Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval         NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Invalid input parameter.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup        dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetDisplayPortInfo(__in_opt NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, __in NvU32 outputId, __inout NV_DISPLAY_PORT_INFO *pInfo);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SetDisplayPort
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_SetDisplayPort(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NvU32 outputId, NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG *pCfg)
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function sets up DisplayPort-related configurations.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release:   165
+//!
+//! \param [in]       hNvDisplay  NVIDIA display handle. It can be NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle enumerated from
+//!                               NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//! \param [in]       outputId    This display output ID, when it's "0" it means the default outputId generated from the return of
+//!                               NvAPI_GetAssociatedDisplayOutputId(). See \ref handles.
+//! \param [in]       pCfg        The display port config structure. If pCfg is NULL, it means to use the driver's default value to setup.
+//!
+//! \retval           NVAPI_OK                Completed request
+//! \retval           NVAPI_ERROR             Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval           NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Invalid input parameter
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! DisplayPort configuration settings - used in NvAPI_SetDisplayPort().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32               version;                     //!< Structure version - 2 is the latest
+    NV_DP_LINK_RATE     linkRate;                    //!< Link rate
+    NV_DP_LANE_COUNT    laneCount;                   //!< Lane count
+    NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT  colorFormat;                 //!< Color format to set
+    NV_DP_DYNAMIC_RANGE dynamicRange;                //!< Dynamic range
+    NV_DP_COLORIMETRY   colorimetry;                 //!< Ignored in RGB space
+    NV_DP_BPC           bpc;                         //!< Bit-per-component
+    NvU32               isHPD               : 1;     //!< If the control panel is making this call due to HPD
+    NvU32               isSetDeferred       : 1;     //!< Requires an OS modeset to finalize the setup if set
+    NvU32               isChromaLpfOff      : 1;     //!< Force the chroma low_pass_filter to be off
+    NvU32               isDitherOff         : 1;     //!< Force to turn off dither
+    NvU32               testLinkTrain       : 1;     //!< If testing mode, skip validation
+    NvU32               testColorChange     : 1;     //!< If testing mode, skip validation
+
+} NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG;
+
+//! \addtogroup dispcontrol
+//! @{
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG_VER   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG,2)
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG,1)
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG
+#define NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG_VER_2 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG,2)
+//! @}
+
+
+//! \ingroup          dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SetDisplayPort(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NvU32 outputId, NV_DISPLAY_PORT_CONFIG *pCfg);
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_GetHDMISupportInfo().
+typedef struct _NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_V1
+{
+    NvU32      version;                     //!< Structure version
+
+    NvU32      isGpuHDMICapable       : 1;  //!< If the GPU can handle HDMI
+    NvU32      isMonUnderscanCapable  : 1;  //!< If the monitor supports underscan
+    NvU32      isMonBasicAudioCapable : 1;  //!< If the monitor supports basic audio
+    NvU32      isMonYCbCr444Capable   : 1;  //!< If YCbCr 4:4:4 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonYCbCr422Capable   : 1;  //!< If YCbCr 4:2:2 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonxvYCC601Capable   : 1;  //!< If xvYCC 601 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonxvYCC709Capable   : 1;  //!< If xvYCC 709 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonHDMI              : 1;  //!< If the monitor is HDMI (with IEEE's HDMI registry ID)
+    NvU32      reserved               : 24; //!< Reserved.
+
+    NvU32      EDID861ExtRev;               //!< Revision number of the EDID 861 extension
+ } NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_V2
+{
+    NvU32      version;                      //!< Structure version
+
+    NvU32      isGpuHDMICapable        : 1;  //!< If the GPU can handle HDMI
+    NvU32      isMonUnderscanCapable   : 1;  //!< If the monitor supports underscan
+    NvU32      isMonBasicAudioCapable  : 1;  //!< If the monitor supports basic audio
+    NvU32      isMonYCbCr444Capable    : 1;  //!< If YCbCr 4:4:4 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonYCbCr422Capable    : 1;  //!< If YCbCr 4:2:2 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonxvYCC601Capable    : 1;  //!< If xvYCC extended colorimetry 601 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonxvYCC709Capable    : 1;  //!< If xvYCC extended colorimetry 709 is supported
+    NvU32      isMonHDMI               : 1;  //!< If the monitor is HDMI (with IEEE's HDMI registry ID)
+    NvU32      isMonsYCC601Capable     : 1;  //!< if sYCC601 extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32      isMonAdobeYCC601Capable : 1;  //!< if AdobeYCC601 extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32      isMonAdobeRGBCapable    : 1;  //!< if AdobeRGB extended colorimetry is supported
+    NvU32      reserved                : 21; //!< Reserved.
+
+    NvU32      EDID861ExtRev;                //!< Revision number of the EDID 861 extension
+ } NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_V2;
+
+#define NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_V1, 1)
+#define NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_V2, 2)
+
+
+
+#ifndef NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_VER
+
+typedef NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_V2    NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO;
+#define NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_VER   NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO_VER2
+
+#endif
+
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GetHDMISupportInfo
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GetHDMISupportInfo(__in_opt NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, __in NvU32 outputId, __inout NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO *pInfo)
+//!   This API returns the current infoframe data on the specified device(monitor).
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hvDisplay  NVIDIA Display selection. It can be NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle enumerated from NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//!                         This parameter is ignored when the outputId is a NvAPI displayId.
+//! \param [in]  outputId   This can either be the connection bit mask or the NvAPI displayId. When the legacy connection bit mask is passed,
+//!                         it should have exactly 1 bit set to indicate a single display. If it's "0" then the default outputId from
+//!                         NvAPI_GetAssociatedDisplayOutputId() will be used. See \ref handles.
+//! \param [out] pInfo      The monitor and GPU's HDMI support info
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                Completed request
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR             Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Invalid input parameter.
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetHDMISupportInfo(__in_opt NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, __in NvU32 outputId, __inout NV_HDMI_SUPPORT_INFO *pInfo);
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_GET_DEFAULT = 0,     //!< Returns the fields in the infoframe with values set by the manufacturer - NVIDIA/OEM.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_RESET,               //!< Sets the fields in the infoframe to auto, and infoframe to the default infoframe for use in a set.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_GET,                 //!< Get the current infoframe state.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_SET,                 //!< Set the current infoframe state (flushed to the monitor), the values are one time and do not persist.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_GET_OVERRIDE,        //!< Get the override infoframe state, non-override fields will be set to value = AUTO, overridden fields will have the current override values.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_SET_OVERRIDE,        //!< Set the override infoframe state, non-override fields will be set to value = AUTO, other values indicate override; persist across modeset/reboot
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_GET_PROPERTY,        //!< get properties associated with infoframe (each of the infoframe type will have properties)
+    NV_INFOFRAME_CMD_SET_PROPERTY,        //!< set properties associated with infoframe
+} NV_INFOFRAME_CMD;
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_MODE_AUTO           = 0, //!< Driver determines whether to send infoframes.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_MODE_ENABLE,             //!< Driver always sends infoframe.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_MODE_DISABLE,            //!< Driver never sends infoframe.
+    NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_MODE_ALLOW_OVERRIDE,     //!< Driver only sends infoframe when client requests it via infoframe escape call.
+} NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_MODE;
+
+
+//! Returns whether the current monitor is in blacklist or force this monitor to be in blacklist.
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_BLACKLIST_FALSE = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_BLACKLIST_TRUE,
+} NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY_BLACKLIST;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 mode      :  4;
+    NvU32 blackList :  2;
+    NvU32 reserved  : 10;
+    NvU32 version   :  8;
+    NvU32 length    :  8;
+} NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY;
+
+//! Byte1 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_SCANINFO_NODATA    = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_SCANINFO_OVERSCAN,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_SCANINFO_UNDERSCAN,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_SCANINFO_FUTURE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_SCANINFO_AUTO      = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_SCANINFO;
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_BARDATA_NOT_PRESENT         = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_BARDATA_VERTICAL_PRESENT,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_BARDATA_HORIZONTAL_PRESENT,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_BARDATA_BOTH_PRESENT,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_BARDATA_AUTO                = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_BARDATA;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_AFI_ABSENT   = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_AFI_PRESENT,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_AFI_AUTO     = 3
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ACTIVEFORMATINFO;
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORFORMAT_RGB      = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORFORMAT_YCbCr422,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORFORMAT_YCbCr444,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORFORMAT_FUTURE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORFORMAT_AUTO     = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORFORMAT;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_F17_FALSE = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_F17_TRUE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_F17_AUTO = 3
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_F17;
+
+//! Byte2 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_NO_AFD           = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_RESERVE01,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_RESERVE02,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_RESERVE03,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_LETTERBOX_GT16x9,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_RESERVE05,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_RESERVE06,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_RESERVE07,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_EQUAL_CODEDFRAME = 8,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_CENTER_4x3,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_CENTER_16x9,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_CENTER_14x9,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_RESERVE12,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_4x3_ON_14x9,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_16x9_ON_14x9,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_16x9_ON_4x3,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION_AUTO             = 31,
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOACTIVEPORTION;
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOCODEDFRAME_NO_DATA = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOCODEDFRAME_4x3,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOCODEDFRAME_16x9,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOCODEDFRAME_FUTURE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOCODEDFRAME_AUTO    = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ASPECTRATIOCODEDFRAME;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORIMETRY_NO_DATA                   = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORIMETRY_SMPTE_170M,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORIMETRY_ITUR_BT709,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORIMETRY_USE_EXTENDED_COLORIMETRY,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORIMETRY_AUTO                      = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_COLORIMETRY;
+
+//! Byte 3 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_NONUNIFORMPICTURESCALING_NO_DATA    = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_NONUNIFORMPICTURESCALING_HORIZONTAL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_NONUNIFORMPICTURESCALING_VERTICAL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_NONUNIFORMPICTURESCALING_BOTH,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_NONUNIFORMPICTURESCALING_AUTO       = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_NONUNIFORMPICTURESCALING;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_RGBQUANTIZATION_DEFAULT       = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_RGBQUANTIZATION_LIMITED_RANGE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_RGBQUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_RGBQUANTIZATION_RESERVED,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_RGBQUANTIZATION_AUTO          = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_RGBQUANTIZATION;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_XVYCC601     = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_XVYCC709,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_SYCC601,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_ADOBEYCC601,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_ADOBERGB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_RESERVED05,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_RESERVED06,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_RESERVED07,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY_AUTO         = 15
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_EXTENDEDCOLORIMETRY;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ITC_VIDEO_CONTENT = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ITC_ITCONTENT,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ITC_AUTO          = 3
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_ITC;
+
+//! Byte 4 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_NONE = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X02,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X03,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X04,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X05,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X06,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X07,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X08,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X09,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_X10,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_RESERVED10,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_RESERVED11,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_RESERVED12,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_RESERVED13,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_RESERVED14,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_RESERVED15,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION_AUTO         = 31
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_PIXELREPETITION;
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_CONTENTTYPE_GRAPHICS = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_CONTENTTYPE_PHOTO,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_CONTENTTYPE_CINEMA,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_CONTENTTYPE_GAME,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_CONTENTTYPE_AUTO     = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_CONTENTTYPE;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_YCCQUANTIZATION_LIMITED_RANGE = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_YCCQUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_YCCQUANTIZATION_RESERVED02,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_YCCQUANTIZATION_RESERVED03,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_YCCQUANTIZATION_AUTO          = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AVI_YCCQUANTIZATION;
+
+//! Adding an Auto bit to each field
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 vic                     : 8;
+    NvU32 pixelRepeat             : 5;
+    NvU32 colorSpace              : 3;
+    NvU32 colorimetry             : 3;
+    NvU32 extendedColorimetry     : 4;
+    NvU32 rgbQuantizationRange    : 3;
+    NvU32 yccQuantizationRange    : 3;
+    NvU32 itContent               : 2;
+    NvU32 contentTypes            : 3;
+    NvU32 scanInfo                : 3;
+    NvU32 activeFormatInfoPresent : 2;
+    NvU32 activeFormatAspectRatio : 5;
+    NvU32 picAspectRatio          : 3;
+    NvU32 nonuniformScaling       : 3;
+    NvU32 barInfo                 : 3;
+    NvU32 top_bar                 : 17;
+    NvU32 bottom_bar              : 17;
+    NvU32 left_bar                : 17;
+    NvU32 right_bar               : 17;
+    NvU32 Future17                : 2;
+    NvU32 Future47                : 2;
+} NV_INFOFRAME_VIDEO;
+
+//! Byte 1 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_IN_HEADER = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_2,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_3,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_4,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_5,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_6,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_7,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_8,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT_AUTO      = 15
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELCOUNT;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_IN_HEADER                  = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_PCM,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_AC3,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_MPEG1,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_MP3,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_MPEG2,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_AACLC,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_DTS,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_ATRAC,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_DSD,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_EAC3,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_DTSHD,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_MLP,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_DST,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_WMAPRO,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_USE_CODING_EXTENSION_TYPE,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE_AUTO                      = 31
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGTYPE;
+
+//! Byte 2 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLESIZE_IN_HEADER = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLESIZE_16BITS,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLESIZE_20BITS,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLESIZE_24BITS,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLESIZE_AUTO      = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLESIZE;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_IN_HEADER = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_32000HZ,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_44100HZ,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_48000HZ,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_88200KHZ,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_96000KHZ,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_176400KHZ,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_192000KHZ,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY_AUTO      = 15
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_SAMPLEFREQUENCY;
+
+
+
+//! Byte 3 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_USE_CODING_TYPE = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_HEAAC,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_HEAACV2,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_MPEGSURROUND,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE04,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE05,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE06,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE07,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE08,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE09,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE10,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE11,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE12,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE13,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE14,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE15,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE16,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE17,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE18,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE19,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE20,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE21,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE22,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE23,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE24,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE25,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE26,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE27,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE28,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE29,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE30,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_RESERVE31,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE_AUTO           = 63
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CODINGEXTENSIONTYPE;
+
+
+//! Byte 4 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_X_X_X_FR_FL           =0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_X_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_X_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_X_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_RC_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_RC_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_RC_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_X_RC_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_RR_RL_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_RR_RL_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_X_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_RC_RR_RL_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_RC_RR_RL_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_RC_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_RC_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_RRC_RLC_RR_RL_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_RRC_RLC_RR_RL_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_RRC_RLC_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_RRC_RLC_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_X_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_X_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_X_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_X_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_RC_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_RC_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_RC_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_X_RC_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_RR_RL_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_RR_RL_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRC_FLC_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_FCH_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_X_FCH_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_TC_X_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_TC_X_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRH_FLH_RR_RL_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRH_FLH_RR_RL_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRW_FLW_RR_RL_X_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRW_FLW_RR_RL_X_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_TC_RC_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_TC_RC_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FCH_RC_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FCH_RC_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_TC_FCH_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_TC_FCH_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRH_FLH_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRH_FLH_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRW_FLW_RR_RL_FC_X_FR_FL,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_FRW_FLW_RR_RL_FC_LFE_FR_FL  = 0X31,
+    // all other values should default to auto
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION_AUTO                        = 0x1FF
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_CHANNELALLOCATION;
+
+//! Byte 5 related
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LFEPLAYBACKLEVEL_NO_DATA    = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LFEPLAYBACKLEVEL_0DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LFEPLAYBACKLEVEL_PLUS10DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LFEPLAYBACKLEVEL_RESERVED03,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LFEPLAYBACKLEVEL_AUTO       = 7
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LFEPLAYBACKLEVEL;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_0DB  = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_1DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_2DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_3DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_4DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_5DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_6DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_7DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_8DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_9DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_10DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_11DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_12DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_13DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_14DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_15DB,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES_AUTO = 31
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_LEVELSHIFTVALUES;
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_DOWNMIX_PERMITTED  = 0,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_DOWNMIX_PROHIBITED,
+    NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_DOWNMIX_AUTO       = 3
+} NV_INFOFRAME_FIELD_VALUE_AUDIO_DOWNMIX;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 codingType          : 5;
+    NvU32 codingExtensionType : 6;
+    NvU32 sampleSize          : 3;
+    NvU32 sampleRate          : 4;
+    NvU32 channelCount        : 4;
+    NvU32 speakerPlacement    : 9;
+    NvU32 downmixInhibit      : 2;
+    NvU32 lfePlaybackLevel    : 3;
+    NvU32 levelShift          : 5;
+    NvU32 Future12            : 2;
+    NvU32 Future2x            : 4;
+    NvU32 Future3x            : 4;
+    NvU32 Future52            : 2;
+    NvU32 Future6             : 9;
+    NvU32 Future7             : 9;
+    NvU32 Future8             : 9;
+    NvU32 Future9             : 9;
+    NvU32 Future10            : 9;
+} NV_INFOFRAME_AUDIO;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< version of this structure
+    NvU16 size;    //!< size of this structure
+    NvU8  cmd;     //!< The actions to perform from NV_INFOFRAME_CMD
+    NvU8  type;    //!< type of infoframe
+
+    union
+    {
+        NV_INFOFRAME_PROPERTY     property;  //!< This is NVIDIA-specific and corresponds to the property cmds and associated infoframe.
+        NV_INFOFRAME_AUDIO        audio;
+        NV_INFOFRAME_VIDEO        video;
+    } infoframe;
+} NV_INFOFRAME_DATA;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NV_INFOFRAME_DATA
+#define NV_INFOFRAME_DATA_VER   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_INFOFRAME_DATA,1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_InfoFrameControl
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API controls the InfoFrame values.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId         Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [in,out] pInfoframeData    Contains data corresponding to InfoFrame
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_InfoFrameControl(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_INFOFRAME_DATA *pInfoframeData);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! @{
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_ColorControl
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_ColorControl(NvU32 displayId, NV_COLOR_DATA *pColorData)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API controls the Color values.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId         Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [in,out] pColorData        Contains data corresponding to color information
+//!
+//! \return  RETURN STATUS:
+//! ::NVAPI_OK,
+//! ::NVAPI_ERROR,
+//! ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_COLOR_CMD_GET                 = 1,
+    NV_COLOR_CMD_SET,
+    NV_COLOR_CMD_IS_SUPPORTED_COLOR,
+    NV_COLOR_CMD_GET_DEFAULT
+} NV_COLOR_CMD;
+
+//!  See Table 14 of CEA-861E.  Not all of this is supported by the GPU.
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_COLOR_FORMAT_RGB             = 0,
+    NV_COLOR_FORMAT_YUV422,
+    NV_COLOR_FORMAT_YUV444,
+    NV_COLOR_FORMAT_YUV420,
+
+    NV_COLOR_FORMAT_DEFAULT         = 0xFE,
+    NV_COLOR_FORMAT_AUTO            = 0xFF
+} NV_COLOR_FORMAT;
+
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_RGB             = 0,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_YCC601,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_YCC709,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_XVYCC601,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_XVYCC709,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_SYCC601,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_ADOBEYCC601,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_ADOBERGB,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_BT2020RGB,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_BT2020YCC,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_BT2020cYCC,
+
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_DEFAULT         = 0xFE,
+    NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY_AUTO            = 0xFF
+} NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY;
+
+typedef enum _NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE
+{
+    NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE_VESA     = 0x0,
+    NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE_CEA      = 0x1,
+
+    NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE_AUTO     = 0xFF
+} NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE;
+
+typedef enum _NV_BPC
+{
+    NV_BPC_DEFAULT         = 0,
+    NV_BPC_6               = 1,
+    NV_BPC_8               = 2,
+    NV_BPC_10              = 3,
+    NV_BPC_12              = 4,
+    NV_BPC_16              = 5,
+} NV_BPC;
+
+typedef enum _NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY
+{
+     NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY_USER     = 0,     //!< app/nvcpl make decision to select the desire color format
+     NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY_BEST_QUALITY = 1, //!< driver/ OS make decision to select the best color format
+     NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY_DEFAULT = NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY_BEST_QUALITY,
+     NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY_UNKNOWN = 0xFF,
+} NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY;
+
+typedef enum _NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH
+{
+  NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_DEFAULT         = 0x0,                                    // set if the current setting should be kept
+  NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_8BPC            = 0x1,                                    //8 bit int per color component (8 bit int alpha)
+  NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_10BPC           = 0x2,                                    //10 bit int per color component (2 bit int alpha)
+  NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_16BPC_FLOAT     = 0x3,                                    //16 bit float per color component (16 bit float alpha)
+  NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_16BPC_FLOAT_WCG = 0x4,                                    //16 bit float per color component (16 bit float alpha) wide color gamut
+  NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_16BPC_FLOAT_HDR = 0x5,                                    //16 bit float per color component (16 bit float alpha) HDR
+  NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_MAX_VALUE       = NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH_16BPC_FLOAT_HDR, // must be set to highest enum value
+} NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH;
+
+typedef struct _NV_COLOR_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU16 size;    //!< Size of this structure
+    NvU8  cmd;
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU8  colorFormat;    //!< One of NV_COLOR_FORMAT enum values.
+        NvU8  colorimetry;    //!< One of NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY enum values.
+    } data;
+} NV_COLOR_DATA_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_COLOR_DATA_V2
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU16 size;    //!< Size of this structure
+    NvU8  cmd;
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU8  colorFormat;    //!< One of NV_COLOR_FORMAT enum values.
+        NvU8  colorimetry;    //!< One of NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY enum values.
+        NvU8  dynamicRange;   //!< One of NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE enum values.
+    } data;
+} NV_COLOR_DATA_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_COLOR_DATA_V3
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU16 size;    //!< Size of this structure
+    NvU8  cmd;
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU8     colorFormat;    //!< One of NV_COLOR_FORMAT enum values.
+        NvU8     colorimetry;    //!< One of NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY enum values.
+        NvU8     dynamicRange;   //!< One of NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE enum values.
+        NV_BPC   bpc;            //!< One of NV_BPC enum values.
+    } data;
+} NV_COLOR_DATA_V3;
+
+typedef struct _NV_COLOR_DATA_V4
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU16 size;    //!< Size of this structure
+    NvU8  cmd;
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU8     colorFormat;     //!< One of NV_COLOR_FORMAT enum values.
+        NvU8     colorimetry;     //!< One of NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY enum values.
+        NvU8     dynamicRange;    //!< One of NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE enum values.
+        NV_BPC   bpc;             //!< One of NV_BPC enum values.
+        NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY colorSelectionPolicy; //!< One of the color selection policy
+    } data;
+} NV_COLOR_DATA_V4;
+
+typedef struct _NV_COLOR_DATA_V5
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU16 size;    //!< Size of this structure
+    NvU8  cmd;
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU8                      colorFormat;          //!< One of NV_COLOR_FORMAT enum values.
+        NvU8                      colorimetry;          //!< One of NV_COLOR_COLORIMETRY enum values.
+        NvU8                      dynamicRange;         //!< One of NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE enum values.
+        NV_BPC                    bpc;                  //!< One of NV_BPC enum values.
+        NV_COLOR_SELECTION_POLICY colorSelectionPolicy; //!< One of the color selection policy
+        NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH    depth;                //!< One of NV_DESKTOP_COLOR_DEPTH enum values.
+    } data;
+} NV_COLOR_DATA_V5;
+
+typedef NV_COLOR_DATA_V5    NV_COLOR_DATA;
+
+#define NV_COLOR_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_COLOR_DATA_V1, 1)
+#define NV_COLOR_DATA_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_COLOR_DATA_V2, 2)
+#define NV_COLOR_DATA_VER3  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_COLOR_DATA_V3, 3)
+#define NV_COLOR_DATA_VER4  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_COLOR_DATA_V4, 4)
+#define NV_COLOR_DATA_VER5  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_COLOR_DATA_V5, 5)
+#define NV_COLOR_DATA_VER   NV_COLOR_DATA_VER5
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_ColorControl(NvU32 displayId, NV_COLOR_DATA *pColorData);
+
+//! @}
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_STATIC_METADATA_TYPE_1 = 0                   //!< Tells the type of structure used to define the Static Metadata Descriptor block.
+}NV_STATIC_METADATA_DESCRIPTOR_ID;
+
+typedef struct _NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                  //!< Version of this structure
+
+    NvU32 isST2084EotfSupported                 :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a UHDA HDR with ST2084 EOTF (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isTraditionalHdrGammaSupported        :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a traditional HDR gamma (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isEdrSupported                        :1;                 //!< Extended Dynamic Range on SDR displays. Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 driverExpandDefaultHdrParameters      :1;                 //!< If set, driver will expand default (=zero) HDR capabilities parameters contained in display's EDID.
+                                                                    //!< Boolean: 0 = report actual HDR parameters, 1 = expand default HDR parameters;
+    NvU32 isTraditionalSdrGammaSupported        :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a traditional SDR gamma (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 reserved                              :27;
+
+    NV_STATIC_METADATA_DESCRIPTOR_ID static_metadata_descriptor_id; //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Id (0 for static metadata type 1)
+
+    struct                                                          //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Type 1, CEA-861.3, SMPTE ST2086
+    {
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x0;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y0;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x1;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y1;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x2;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y2;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_x;                               //!< x coordinate of white point of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_y;                               //!< y coordinate of white point of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    desired_content_max_luminance;                     //!< Maximum display luminance = desired max luminance of HDR content ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    desired_content_min_luminance;                     //!< Minimum display luminance = desired min luminance of HDR content ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 6.55350] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    desired_content_max_frame_average_luminance;       //!< Desired maximum Frame-Average Light Level (MaxFALL) of HDR content ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+    }display_data;
+} NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V2
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                  //!< Version of this structure
+
+    NvU32 isST2084EotfSupported                 :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a UHDA HDR with ST2084 EOTF (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isTraditionalHdrGammaSupported        :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a traditional HDR gamma (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isEdrSupported                        :1;                 //!< Extended Dynamic Range on SDR displays. Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 driverExpandDefaultHdrParameters      :1;                 //!< If set, driver will expand default (=zero) HDR capabilities parameters contained in display's EDID.
+                                                                    //!< Boolean: 0 = report actual HDR parameters, 1 = expand default HDR parameters;
+    NvU32 isTraditionalSdrGammaSupported        :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a traditional SDR gamma (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isDolbyVisionSupported                :1;                 //!< Dolby Vision Support. Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 reserved                              :26;
+
+    NV_STATIC_METADATA_DESCRIPTOR_ID static_metadata_descriptor_id; //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Id (0 for static metadata type 1)
+
+    struct                                                          //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Type 1, CEA-861.3, SMPTE ST2086
+    {
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x0;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y0;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x1;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y1;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x2;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y2;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_x;                               //!< x coordinate of white point of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_y;                               //!< y coordinate of white point of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    desired_content_max_luminance;                     //!< Maximum display luminance = desired max luminance of HDR content ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    desired_content_min_luminance;                     //!< Minimum display luminance = desired min luminance of HDR content ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 6.55350] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    desired_content_max_frame_average_luminance;       //!< Desired maximum Frame-Average Light Level (MaxFALL) of HDR content ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+    }display_data;
+
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32 VSVDB_version               : 3;                //!< Version of Vendor Data block,Version 0: 25 bytes  Version 1: 14 bytes
+        NvU32 dm_version                  : 8;                //!< Upper Nibble represents major version of Display Management(DM) while lower represents minor version of DM
+        NvU32 supports_2160p60hz          : 1;                //!< If set sink is capable of 4kx2k @ 60hz
+        NvU32 supports_YUV422_12bit       : 1;                //!< If set, sink is capable of YUV422-12 bit
+        NvU32 supports_global_dimming     : 1;                //!< Indicates if sink supports global dimming
+        NvU32 colorimetry                 : 1;                //!< If set indicates sink supports DCI P3 colorimetry, REc709 otherwise
+        NvU32 supports_backlight_control  : 2;                //!< This is set when sink is using lowlatency interface and can control its backlight.
+        NvU32 backlt_min_luma             : 2;                //!< It is the level for Backlt min luminance value.
+        NvU32 interface_supported_by_sink : 2;                //!< Indicates the interface (standard or low latency) supported by the sink.
+        NvU32 supports_10b_12b_444        : 2;                //!< It is set when interface supported is low latency, it tells whether it supports 10 bit or 12 bit RGB 4:4:4 or YCbCr 4:4:4 or both.
+        NvU32 reserved                    : 9;                //!< Should be set to zero
+                                                              //!< All values below are encoded use DolbyVisionHDMITransmissionSpecification document to decode
+        NvU16 target_min_luminance;                           //!< Represents min luminance level of Sink
+        NvU16 target_max_luminance;                           //!< Represents max luminance level of sink
+        NvU16 cc_red_x;                                       //!< Red primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_red_y;                                       //!< Red primary chromaticity coordinate y
+        NvU16 cc_green_x;                                     //!< Green primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_green_y;                                     //!< Green primary chromaticity coordinate Y
+        NvU16 cc_blue_x;                                      //!< Blue primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_blue_y;                                      //!< Blue primary chromaticity coordinate y
+        NvU16 cc_white_x;                                     //!< White primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_white_y;                                     //!< White primary chromaticity coordinate y
+    }dv_static_metadata;
+
+} NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V3
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                  //!< Version of this structure
+
+    NvU32 isST2084EotfSupported                 :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a UHDA HDR with ST2084 EOTF (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isTraditionalHdrGammaSupported        :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a traditional HDR gamma (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isEdrSupported                        :1;                 //!< Extended Dynamic Range on SDR displays. Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 driverExpandDefaultHdrParameters      :1;                 //!< If set, driver will expand default (=zero) HDR capabilities parameters contained in display's EDID.
+                                                                    //!< Boolean: 0 = report actual HDR parameters, 1 = expand default HDR parameters;
+    NvU32 isTraditionalSdrGammaSupported        :1;                 //!< HDMI2.0a traditional SDR gamma (CEA861.3). Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isDolbyVisionSupported                :1;                 //!< Dolby Vision Support. Boolean: 0 = not supported, 1 = supported;
+    NvU32 isHdr10PlusSupported                  :1;                 //!< HDR10+ (Sink Side Tonemapping) is supported
+    NvU32 isHdr10PlusGamingSupported            :1;                 //!< HDR10+ Gaming, a.k.a HDR10+ Source Side Tonemapping (SSTM), is supported
+    NvU32 reserved                              :24;
+
+    NV_STATIC_METADATA_DESCRIPTOR_ID static_metadata_descriptor_id; //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Id (0 for static metadata type 1)
+
+    struct                                                          //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Type 1, CEA-861.3, SMPTE ST2086
+    {
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x0;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y0;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x1;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y1;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x2;                                 //!< x coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y2;                                 //!< y coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_x;                               //!< x coordinate of white point of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_y;                               //!< y coordinate of white point of the display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    desired_content_max_luminance;                     //!< Maximum display luminance = desired max luminance of HDR content ([0x0000-0xFFFF] = [0.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2, in units of 1 cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    desired_content_min_luminance;                     //!< Minimum display luminance = desired min luminance of HDR content ([0x0000-0xFFFF] = [0.0 - 6.55350] cd/m^2, in units of 0.0001 cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    desired_content_max_frame_average_luminance;       //!< Desired maximum Frame-Average Light Level (MaxFALL) of HDR content ([0x0000-0xFFFF] = [0.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2, in units of 1 cd/m^2)
+    }display_data;
+
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32 VSVDB_version               : 3;                //!< Version of Vendor Data block,Version 0: 25 bytes  Version 1: 14 bytes
+        NvU32 dm_version                  : 8;                //!< Upper Nibble represents major version of Display Management(DM) while lower represents minor version of DM
+        NvU32 supports_2160p60hz          : 1;                //!< If set sink is capable of 4kx2k @ 60hz
+        NvU32 supports_YUV422_12bit       : 1;                //!< If set, sink is capable of YUV422-12 bit
+        NvU32 supports_global_dimming     : 1;                //!< Indicates if sink supports global dimming
+        NvU32 colorimetry                 : 1;                //!< If set indicates sink supports DCI P3 colorimetry, REc709 otherwise
+        NvU32 supports_backlight_control  : 2;                //!< This is set when sink is using lowlatency interface and can control its backlight.
+        NvU32 backlt_min_luma             : 2;                //!< It is the level for Backlt min luminance value (reserved = 0x3 in latest DV spec).
+        NvU32 interface_supported_by_sink : 2;                //!< Indicates the interface (standard or low latency) supported by the sink.
+        NvU32 supports_10b_12b_444        : 2;                //!< It is set when interface supported is low latency, it tells whether it supports 10 bit or 12 bit RGB 4:4:4 or YCbCr 4:4:4 or both.
+        NvU32 parity                      : 1;                //!< resolution and frame-rate relationships between Dolby Vision and other video processing
+        NvU32 reserved                    : 8;                //!< Should be set to zero
+
+                                                              //!< All values below are encoded use DolbyVisionHDMITransmissionSpecification document to decode
+        NvU16 target_min_luminance;                           //!< Represents min luminance level of Sink
+        NvU16 target_max_luminance;                           //!< Represents max luminance level of sink
+        NvU16 cc_red_x;                                       //!< Red primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_red_y;                                       //!< Red primary chromaticity coordinate y
+        NvU16 cc_green_x;                                     //!< Green primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_green_y;                                     //!< Green primary chromaticity coordinate Y
+        NvU16 cc_blue_x;                                      //!< Blue primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_blue_y;                                      //!< Blue primary chromaticity coordinate y
+        NvU16 cc_white_x;                                     //!< White primary chromaticity coordinate x
+        NvU16 cc_white_y;                                     //!< White primary chromaticity coordinate y
+    }dv_static_metadata;
+
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU16 application_version               : 2;          //!< Application version of HDR10+ Vendor Specific Video Data Block
+        NvU16 full_frame_peak_luminance_index   : 2;          //!< Full frame peak luminance index
+        NvU16 peak_luminance_index              : 4;          //!< Peak luminance index
+        NvU16 reserved                          : 8;
+    }hdr10plus_vsvdb;
+
+} NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V3;
+
+#define NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V1, 1)
+#define NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V2, 2)
+#define NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_VER3  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V3, 3)
+#define NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_VER   NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_VER3
+typedef NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES_V3    NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! @{
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_GetHdrCapabilities
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_GetHdrCapabilities(NvU32 displayId, NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES  *pHdrCapabilities)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API gets High Dynamic Range (HDR) capabilities of the display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId           Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [in,out] pHdrCapabilities    display's HDR capabilities
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetHdrCapabilities(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_HDR_CAPABILITIES *pHdrCapabilities);
+
+//! @}
+
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_HDR_CMD_GET = 0,                             //!< Get current HDR output configuration
+    NV_HDR_CMD_SET = 1                              //!< Set HDR output configuration
+} NV_HDR_CMD;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    // Official production-ready HDR modes
+    NV_HDR_MODE_OFF                 = 0,            //!< Turn off HDR
+    NV_HDR_MODE_UHDA                = 2,            //!< Source: CCCS [a.k.a FP16 scRGB, linear, sRGB primaries, [-65504,0, 65504] range, RGB(1,1,1) = 80nits]  Output : UHDA HDR [a.k.a HDR10, RGB/YCC 10/12bpc ST2084(PQ) EOTF RGB(1,1,1) = 10000 nits, Rec2020 color primaries, ST2086 static HDR metadata]. This is the only supported production HDR mode.
+
+    // Experimental
+    NV_HDR_MODE_UHDA_PASSTHROUGH    = 5,            //!< Experimental mode only, not for production! Source: HDR10 RGB 10bpc Output: HDR10 RGB 10 bpc - signal UHDA HDR mode (PQ + Rec2020) to the sink but send source pixel values unmodified (no PQ or Rec2020 conversions) - assumes source is already in HDR10 format.
+    NV_HDR_MODE_DOLBY_VISION        = 7,            //!< Experimental mode only, not for production! Source: RGB8 Dolby Vision encoded (12 bpc YCbCr422 packed into RGB8) Output: Dolby Vision encoded : Application is to encoded frames in DV format and embed DV dynamic metadata as described in Dolby Vision specification.
+
+    // Unsupported/obsolete HDR modes
+    NV_HDR_MODE_EDR                 = 3,            //!< Do not use! Internal test mode only, to be removed. Source: CCCS (a.k.a FP16 scRGB) Output : EDR (Extended Dynamic Range) - HDR content is tonemapped and gamut mapped to output on regular SDR display set to max luminance ( ~300 nits ).
+    NV_HDR_MODE_SDR                 = 4,            //!< Do not use! Internal test mode only, to be removed. Source: any Output: SDR (Standard Dynamic Range), we continuously send SDR EOTF InfoFrame signaling, HDMI compliance testing.
+    NV_HDR_MODE_UHDA_NB             = 6,            //!< Do not use! Internal test mode only, to be removed. Source: CCCS (a.k.a FP16 scRGB) Output : notebook HDR
+    NV_HDR_MODE_UHDBD               = 2             //!< Do not use! Obsolete, to be removed. NV_HDR_MODE_UHDBD == NV_HDR_MODE_UHDA, reflects obsolete pre-UHDA naming convention.
+
+} NV_HDR_MODE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32                             version;                                 //!< Version of this structure
+    NV_HDR_CMD                        cmd;                                     //!< Command get/set
+    NV_HDR_MODE                       hdrMode;                                 //!< HDR mode
+    NV_STATIC_METADATA_DESCRIPTOR_ID  static_metadata_descriptor_id;           //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Id (0 for static metadata type 1)
+
+    struct                                                                    //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Type 1, CEA-861.3, SMPTE ST2086
+    {
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x0;                                           //!< x coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y0;                                           //!< y coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x1;                                           //!< x coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y1;                                           //!< y coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x2;                                           //!< x coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y2;                                           //!< y coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_x;                                         //!< x coordinate of white point of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_y;                                         //!< y coordinate of white point of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    max_display_mastering_luminance;                             //!< Maximum display mastering luminance ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    min_display_mastering_luminance;                             //!< Minimum display mastering luminance ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 6.55350] cd/m^2)
+
+        NvU16    max_content_light_level;                                     //!< Maximum Content Light level (MaxCLL) ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    max_frame_average_light_level;                               //!< Maximum Frame-Average Light Level (MaxFALL) ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+    } mastering_display_data;
+} NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_V2
+{
+    NvU32                             version;                                 //!< Version of this structure
+    NV_HDR_CMD                        cmd;                                     //!< Command get/set
+    NV_HDR_MODE                       hdrMode;                                 //!< HDR mode
+    NV_STATIC_METADATA_DESCRIPTOR_ID  static_metadata_descriptor_id;           //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Id (0 for static metadata type 1)
+
+    struct                                                                    //!< Static Metadata Descriptor Type 1, CEA-861.3, SMPTE ST2086
+    {
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x0;                                           //!< x coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y0;                                           //!< y coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x1;                                           //!< x coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y1;                                           //!< y coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_x2;                                           //!< x coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayPrimary_y2;                                           //!< y coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_x;                                         //!< x coordinate of white point of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+        NvU16    displayWhitePoint_y;                                         //!< y coordinate of white point of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+        NvU16    max_display_mastering_luminance;                             //!< Maximum display mastering luminance ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    min_display_mastering_luminance;                             //!< Minimum display mastering luminance ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 6.55350] cd/m^2)
+
+        NvU16    max_content_light_level;                                     //!< Maximum Content Light level (MaxCLL) ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+        NvU16    max_frame_average_light_level;                               //!< Maximum Frame-Average Light Level (MaxFALL) ([0x0001-0xFFFF] = [1.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2)
+    } mastering_display_data;
+
+    NV_COLOR_FORMAT          hdrColorFormat;                                     //!< Optional, One of NV_COLOR_FORMAT enum values, if set it will apply requested color format for HDR session
+    NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE         hdrDynamicRange;                                    //!< Optional, One of NV_DYNAMIC_RANGE enum values, if set it will apply requested dynamic range for HDR session
+    NV_BPC                   hdrBpc;                                             //!< Optional, One of NV_BPC enum values, if set it will apply requested color depth
+                                                                                 //!< Dolby Vision mode: DV supports specific combinations of colorformat, dynamic range and bpc. Please refer Dolby Vision specification.
+                                                                                 //!<                    If invalid or no combination is passed driver will force default combination of RGB format + full range + 8bpc.
+                                                                                 //!< HDR mode: These fields are ignored in hdr mode
+} NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_V2;
+
+#define NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_V1, 1)
+#define NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_V2, 2)
+
+#ifndef NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_VER
+#define NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_VER   NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_VER2
+typedef NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA_V2    NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA;
+#endif
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! @{
+ ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_HdrColorControl
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_HdrColorControl(NvU32 displayId, NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA *pHdrColorData)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API configures High Dynamic Range (HDR) and Extended Dynamic Range (EDR) output.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId         Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [in,out] pHdrColorData     HDR configuration data
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_HdrColorControl(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_HDR_COLOR_DATA *pHdrColorData);
+
+typedef enum _NV_COLORSPACE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_COLORSPACE_sRGB      = 0,    //!< sRGB IEC 61966-2-1:1999 == DXGI_COLOR_SPACE_RGB_FULL_G22_NONE_P709
+    NV_COLORSPACE_xRGB      = 1,    //!< FP16 linear with sRGB color primaries == DXGI_COLOR_SPACE_RGB_FULL_G10_NONE_P709
+    NV_COLORSPACE_REC2100   = 12,   //!< ITU-R Rec BT.2100 (HDR10) == DXGI_COLOR_SPACE_RGB_FULL_G2084_NONE_P2020
+} NV_COLORSPACE_TYPE;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_SetSourceColorSpace
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_SetSourceColorSpace(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_SOURCE_COLORSPACE colorSpace)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API sets colorspace of the source identified by the process id of the caller
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in] displayId               Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [in] colorSpaceType          Source colorspace type
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_SetSourceColorSpace(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_COLORSPACE_TYPE colorSpaceType);
+
+#define NV_SOURCE_PID_CURRENT 0
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_GetSourceColorSpace
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_GetSourceColorSpace(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_SOURCE_COLORSPACE* pColorSpace)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API gets colorspace of the source identified by the process id.
+//!                 Set sourcePID = NV_SOURCE_PID_CURRENT to use the process id of the caller.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in]  displayId              Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [out] pColorSpaceType        Source colorspace type
+//! \param [in]  sourcePID              Source process id (PID)
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetSourceColorSpace(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_COLORSPACE_TYPE* pColorSpaceType, NvU64 sourcePID);
+
+typedef struct _NV_HDR_METADATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32    version;                                          //!< Version of this structure
+
+    NvU16    displayPrimary_x0;                                //!< x coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+    NvU16    displayPrimary_y0;                                //!< y coordinate of color primary 0 (e.g. Red) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+    NvU16    displayPrimary_x1;                                //!< x coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+    NvU16    displayPrimary_y1;                                //!< y coordinate of color primary 1 (e.g. Green) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+    NvU16    displayPrimary_x2;                                //!< x coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+    NvU16    displayPrimary_y2;                                //!< y coordinate of color primary 2 (e.g. Blue) of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+    NvU16    displayWhitePoint_x;                              //!< x coordinate of white point of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+    NvU16    displayWhitePoint_y;                              //!< y coordinate of white point of mastering display ([0x0000-0xC350] = [0.0 - 1.0])
+
+    NvU16    max_display_mastering_luminance;                  //!< Maximum display mastering luminance ([0x0000-0xFFFF] = [0.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2, in units of 1 cd/m^2)
+    NvU16    min_display_mastering_luminance;                  //!< Minimum display mastering luminance ([0x0000-0xFFFF] = [0.0 - 6.55350] cd/m^2, in units of 0.0001 cd/m^2)
+
+    NvU16    max_content_light_level;                          //!< Maximum Content Light level (MaxCLL) ([0x0000-0xFFFF] = [0.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2, in units of 1 cd/m^2)
+    NvU16    max_frame_average_light_level;                    //!< Maximum Frame-Average Light Level (MaxFALL) ([0x0000-0xFFFF] = [0.0 - 65535.0] cd/m^2, in units of 1 cd/m^2)
+} NV_HDR_METADATA_V1;
+
+#define NV_HDR_METADATA_VER1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HDR_METADATA_V1, 1)
+#define NV_HDR_METADATA_VER NV_HDR_METADATA_VER1
+typedef NV_HDR_METADATA_V1 NV_HDR_METADATA;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_SetSourceHdrMetadata
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_SetSourceHdrMetadata(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_HDR_METADATA* pMetadata)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API sets HDR metadata of the source identified by the process id of the caller
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in] displayId       Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [in] pMetadata       HDR metadata
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_SetSourceHdrMetadata(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_HDR_METADATA* pMetadata);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_GetSourceHdrMetadata
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_NvAPI_Disp_GetSourceHdrMetadata(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_HDR_METADATA* pMetadata)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API gets HDR metadata of the source identified by the process id of the caller
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in]  displayId      Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [out] pMetadata      HDR metadata
+//! \param [in]  sourcePID      Source process id (PID)
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetSourceHdrMetadata(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_HDR_METADATA* pMetadata, NvU64 sourcePID);
+
+typedef enum _NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE
+{
+    NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE_SDR              = 0,
+    NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE_HDR10            = 1,
+    NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE_HDR10PLUS_GAMING = 2
+} NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_SetOutputMode
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_SetOutputMode(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE* pDisplayMode)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API sets display output mode and returns the display output mode used by the OS before the API call.
+//!                 Only one application at a time can override OS display output mode.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in]      displayId      Display identifier
+//! \param [in, out] pDisplayMode   New/original display output mode
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_RESOURCE_IN_USE     the output mode can't be changed as it is already overriden by another application.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_SetOutputMode(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE* pDisplayMode);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_GetOutputMode
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_GetOutputMode(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE* pDisplayMode)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API gets display output mode.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in]  displayId      Display identifier
+//! \param [out] pDisplayMode   Current display output mode
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetOutputMode(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_DISPLAY_OUTPUT_MODE* pDisplayMode);
+
+typedef enum _NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_METHOD
+{
+    NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_APP  = 0,
+    NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_GPU  = 1
+} NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_METHOD;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_SetHdrToneMapping
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_SetHdrToneMapping(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_METHOD hdrTonemapping)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API sets HDR tonemapping method for the display
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in] displayId       Display identifier
+//! \param [in] hdrTonemapping  HDR tonemapping method
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_SetHdrToneMapping(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_METHOD hdrTonemapping);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Disp_GetHdrToneMapping
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Disp_GetHdrToneMapping(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_METHOD* pHdrTonemapping)
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API gets HDR tonemapping method for the display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in]  displayId          display identifier
+//! \param [out] pHdrTonemapping    HDR tonemapping method
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetHdrToneMapping(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_HDR_TONEMAPPING_METHOD* pHdrTonemapping);
+//! @}
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_DISP_GetTiming().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                   isInterlaced   : 4;  //!< To retrieve interlaced/progressive timing
+    NvU32                   reserved0      : 12;
+    union
+    {
+        NvU32               tvFormat       : 8;  //!< The actual analog HD/SDTV format. Used when the timing type is
+                                                 //!  NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_ANALOG_TV and width==height==rr==0.
+        NvU32               ceaId          : 8;  //!< The EIA/CEA 861B/D predefined short timing descriptor ID.
+                                                 //!  Used when the timing type is NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_EIA861
+                                                 //!  and width==height==rr==0.
+        NvU32               nvPsfId        : 8;  //!< The NV predefined PsF format Id.
+                                                 //!  Used when the timing type is NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE_NV_PREDEFINED.
+    };
+    NvU32                   scaling        : 8;  //!< Define preferred scaling
+}NV_TIMING_FLAG;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_DISP_GetTiming().
+typedef struct _NV_TIMING_INPUT
+{
+    NvU32 version;                      //!< (IN)     structure version
+
+    NvU32 width;                        //!< Visible horizontal size
+    NvU32 height;                       //!< Visible vertical size
+    float rr;                           //!< Timing refresh rate
+
+    NV_TIMING_FLAG flag;                //!< Flag containing additional info for timing calculation.
+
+    NV_TIMING_OVERRIDE type;            //!< Timing type(formula) to use for calculating the timing
+}NV_TIMING_INPUT;
+
+#define NV_TIMING_INPUT_VER   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_TIMING_INPUT,1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_GetTiming
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:  This function calculates the timing from the visible width/height/refresh-rate and timing type info.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   displayId     Display ID of the display.
+//! \param [in]   timingInput   Inputs used for calculating the timing.
+//! \param [out]  pTiming       Pointer to the NV_TIMING structure.
+//!
+//! \return        This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!                specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetTiming( __in NvU32 displayId,__in NV_TIMING_INPUT *timingInput, __out NV_TIMING *pTiming);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorCapabilities
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorCapabilities(NvU32 displayId, NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES *pMonitorCapabilities)
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns the Monitor capabilities
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      displayId                Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [out]     pMonitorCapabilities     The monitor support info
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK,
+//!         ::NVAPI_ERROR,
+//!         ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! @{
+
+
+//! HDMI-related and extended CAPs
+typedef enum
+{
+    // hdmi related caps
+    NV_MONITOR_CAPS_TYPE_HDMI_VSDB = 0x1000,
+    NV_MONITOR_CAPS_TYPE_HDMI_VCDB = 0x1001,
+    // backend caps
+    NV_MONITOR_CAPS_TYPE_GENERIC   = 0x1002,
+} NV_MONITOR_CAPS_TYPE;
+
+
+
+typedef struct _NV_MONITOR_CAPS_VCDB
+{
+    NvU8    quantizationRangeYcc         : 1;
+    NvU8    quantizationRangeRgb         : 1;
+    NvU8    scanInfoPreferredVideoFormat : 2;
+    NvU8    scanInfoITVideoFormats       : 2;
+    NvU8    scanInfoCEVideoFormats       : 2;
+} NV_MONITOR_CAPS_VCDB;
+
+
+//! See NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorCapabilities().
+typedef struct _NV_MONITOR_CAPS_VSDB
+{
+    // byte 1
+    NvU8    sourcePhysicalAddressB         : 4; //!< Byte 1
+    NvU8    sourcePhysicalAddressA         : 4; //!< Byte 1
+    // byte 2
+    NvU8    sourcePhysicalAddressD         : 4; //!< Byte 2
+    NvU8    sourcePhysicalAddressC         : 4; //!< Byte 2
+    // byte 3
+    NvU8    supportDualDviOperation        : 1; //!< Byte 3
+    NvU8    reserved6                      : 2; //!< Byte 3
+    NvU8    supportDeepColorYCbCr444       : 1; //!< Byte 3
+    NvU8    supportDeepColor30bits         : 1; //!< Byte 3
+    NvU8    supportDeepColor36bits         : 1; //!< Byte 3
+    NvU8    supportDeepColor48bits         : 1; //!< Byte 3
+    NvU8    supportAI                      : 1; //!< Byte 3
+    // byte 4
+    NvU8    maxTmdsClock;  //!< Bye 4
+    // byte 5
+    NvU8    cnc0SupportGraphicsTextContent : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    NvU8    cnc1SupportPhotoContent        : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    NvU8    cnc2SupportCinemaContent       : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    NvU8    cnc3SupportGameContent         : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    NvU8    reserved8                      : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    NvU8    hasVicEntries                  : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    NvU8    hasInterlacedLatencyField      : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    NvU8    hasLatencyField                : 1; //!< Byte 5
+    // byte 6
+    NvU8    videoLatency; //!< Byte 6
+    // byte 7
+    NvU8    audioLatency; //!< Byte 7
+    // byte 8
+    NvU8    interlacedVideoLatency; //!< Byte 8
+    // byte 9
+    NvU8    interlacedAudioLatency; //!< Byte 9
+    // byte 10
+    NvU8    reserved13                     : 7; //!< Byte 10
+    NvU8    has3dEntries                   : 1; //!< Byte 10
+    // byte 11
+    NvU8    hdmi3dLength                   : 5; //!< Byte 11
+    NvU8    hdmiVicLength                  : 3; //!< Byte 11
+    // Remaining bytes
+    NvU8    hdmi_vic[7];  //!< Keeping maximum length for 3 bits
+    NvU8    hdmi_3d[31];  //!< Keeping maximum length for 5 bits
+} NV_MONITOR_CAPS_VSDB;
+
+typedef struct _NV_MONITOR_CAPS_GENERIC
+{
+    NvU8    supportVRR                   : 1;  //!< monitor supports variable refresh rate. Valid for NV_MONITOR_CAPS_TYPE_GENERIC only.
+    NvU8    supportULMB                  : 1;  //!< monitor supports ULMB with variable refresh rate. Valid for NV_MONITOR_CAPS_TYPE_GENERIC only.
+    NvU8    isTrueGsync                  : 1;  //!< whether the monitor is actually GSYNC or adaptive sync monitor : 0 for adaptive sync.
+    NvU8    isRLACapable                 : 1;  //!< whether monitor supports RLA
+    NvU8    currentlyCapableOfVRR        : 1;  //!< monitor currently supports VRR on applied display settings. Valid for NV_MONITOR_CAPS_TYPE_GENERIC only.
+    NvU8    reserved                     : 3;
+} NV_MONITOR_CAPS_GENERIC;
+
+//! See NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorCapabilities().
+typedef struct _NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_V1
+{
+    NvU32    version;
+    NvU16    size;
+    NvU32    infoType;
+    NvU32    connectorType;        //!< Out: VGA, TV, DVI, HDMI, DP
+    NvU8     bIsValidInfo : 1;     //!< Boolean : Returns invalid if requested info is not present such as VCDB not present
+    union {
+        NV_MONITOR_CAPS_VSDB  vsdb;
+        NV_MONITOR_CAPS_VCDB  vcdb;
+        NV_MONITOR_CAPS_GENERIC caps;
+    } data;
+} NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_V1;
+
+typedef NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_V1 NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_V1
+#define NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_V1,1)
+#define NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_VER    NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES_VER1
+
+//! @}
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorCapabilities(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_MONITOR_CAPABILITIES *pMonitorCapabilities);
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct _NV_MONITOR_COLOR_DATA
+{
+    NvU32                   version;
+// We are only supporting DP monitors for now. We need to extend this to HDMI panels as well
+    NV_DP_COLOR_FORMAT      colorFormat;        //!< One of the supported color formats
+    NV_DP_BPC               backendBitDepths;   //!< One of the supported bit depths
+} NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS_V1 NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS_V1,1)
+#define NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS_VER    NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorColorCapabilities
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API returns all the color formats and bit depth values supported by a given DP monitor.
+//!
+//! USAGE:         Sequence of calls which caller should make to get the information.
+//!                1. First call NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorColorCapabilities() with pMonitorColorCapabilities as NULL to get the count.
+//!                2. Allocate memory for color caps(NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS) array.
+//!                3. Call NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorColorCapabilities() again with the pointer to the memory allocated to get all the
+//!                   color capabilities.
+//!
+//!                Note :
+//!                1. pColorCapsCount should never be NULL, else the API will fail with NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT.
+//!                2. *pColorCapsCount returned from the API will always be the actual count in any/every call.
+//!                3. Memory size to be allocated should be (*pColorCapsCount * sizeof(NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS)).
+//!                4. If the memory allocated is less than what is required to return all the timings, this API will return the
+//!                   amount of information which can fit in user provided buffer and API will return NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER.
+//!                5. If the caller specifies a greater value for *pColorCapsCount in second call to NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorColorCapabilities()
+//!                   than what was returned from first call, the API will return only the actual number of elements in the color
+//!                   capabilities array and the extra buffer will remain unused.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      displayId                  Monitor Identifier
+//! \param [in, out] pMonitorColorCapabilities  The monitor color capabilities information
+//! \param [in, out] pColorCapsCount            - During input, the number of elements allocated for the pMonitorColorCapabilities pointer
+//!                                             - During output, the actual number of color data elements the monitor supports
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval         NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER   The input buffer size is not sufficient to hold the total contents. In this case
+//!                                             *pColorCapsCount will hold the required amount of elements.
+//! \retval         NVAPI_INVALID_DISPLAY_ID    The input monitor is either not connected or is not a DP panel.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetMonitorColorCapabilities(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout_ecount_part_opt(*pColorCapsCount, *pColorCapsCount) NV_MONITOR_COLOR_CAPS *pMonitorColorCapabilities, __inout NvU32 *pColorCapsCount);
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NvAPI_DISP_EnumCustomDisplay() and NvAPI_DISP_TryCustomDisplay().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32                   version;
+
+    // the source mode information
+    NvU32                   width;             //!< Source surface(source mode) width
+    NvU32                   height;            //!< Source surface(source mode) height
+    NvU32                   depth;             //!< Source surface color depth."0" means all 8/16/32bpp
+    NV_FORMAT               colorFormat;       //!< Color format (optional)
+
+    NV_VIEWPORTF            srcPartition;      //!< For multimon support, should be set to (0,0,1.0,1.0) for now.
+
+    float                   xRatio;            //!< Horizontal scaling ratio
+    float                   yRatio;            //!< Vertical scaling ratio
+
+    NV_TIMING               timing;            //!< Timing used to program TMDS/DAC/LVDS/HDMI/TVEncoder, etc.
+    NvU32                   hwModeSetOnly : 1; //!< If set, it means a hardware modeset without OS update
+
+}NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+//! Used in NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY.
+#define NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY,1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_EnumCustomDisplay
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API enumerates the custom timing specified by the enum index.
+//!                 The client should keep enumerating until it returns NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId   Dispaly ID of the display.
+//! \param [in]     index       Enum index
+//! \param [inout]  pCustDisp   Pointer to the NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY structure
+//!
+//! \return        This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!                specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval        NVAPI_INVALID_DISPLAY_ID:   Custom Timing is not supported on the Display, whose display id is passed
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_EnumCustomDisplay( __in NvU32 displayId, __in NvU32 index, __inout NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY *pCustDisp);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_TryCustomDisplay
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API is used to set up a custom display without saving the configuration on multiple displays.
+//!
+//! \note
+//!  All the members of srcPartition, present in NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY structure, should have their range in (0.0,1.0).
+//!  In clone mode the timings can applied to both the target monitors but only one target at a time. \n
+//!  For the secondary target the applied timings works under the following conditions:
+//!  - If the secondary monitor EDID supports the selected timing, OR
+//!  - If the selected custom timings can be scaled by the secondary monitor for the selected source resolution on the primary, OR
+//!  - If the selected custom timings matches the existing source resolution on the primary.
+//!  Setting up a custom display on non-active but connected monitors is supported only for Win7 and above.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDisplayIds    Array of the target display Dispaly IDs - See \ref handles.
+//! \param [in]    count          Total number of the incoming Display IDs and corresponding NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY structure. This is for the multi-head support.
+//! \param [in]    pCustDisp      Pointer to the NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY structure array.
+//!
+//! \return        This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!                specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval        NVAPI_INVALID_DISPLAY_ID:   Custom Timing is not supported on the Display, whose display id is passed
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_TryCustomDisplay( __in_ecount(count) NvU32 *pDisplayIds, __in NvU32 count, __in_ecount(count) NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY *pCustDisp);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_DeleteCustomDisplay
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This function deletes the custom display configuration, specified from the registry for  all the displays whose display IDs are passed.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDisplayIds     Array of Dispaly IDs on which custom display configuration is to be saved.
+//! \param [in]     count           Total number of the incoming Dispaly IDs. This is for the multi-head support.
+//! \param [in]     pCustDisp       Pointer to the NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY structure
+//!
+//! \return        This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!                specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval        NVAPI_INVALID_DISPLAY_ID:   Custom Timing is not supported on the Display, whose display id is passed
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_DeleteCustomDisplay( __in_ecount(count) NvU32 *pDisplayIds, __in NvU32 count, __in NV_CUSTOM_DISPLAY *pCustDisp);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_SaveCustomDisplay
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This function saves the current hardware display configuration on the specified Display IDs as a custom display configuration.
+//!                 This function should be called right after NvAPI_DISP_TryCustomDisplay() to save the custom display from the current
+//!                 hardware context. This function will not do anything if the custom display configuration is not tested on the hardware.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDisplayIds         Array of Dispaly IDs on which custom display configuration is to be saved.
+//! \param [in]     count               Total number of the incoming Dispaly IDs. This is for the multi-head support.
+//! \param [in]     isThisOutputIdOnly  If set, the saved custom display will only be applied on the monitor with the same outputId (see \ref handles).
+//! \param [in]     isThisMonitorIdOnly If set, the saved custom display will only be applied on the monitor with the same EDID ID or
+//!                                     the same TV connector in case of analog TV.
+//!
+//! \return        This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!                specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval        NVAPI_INVALID_DISPLAY_ID:   Custom Timing is not supported on the Display, whose display id is passed
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_SaveCustomDisplay( __in_ecount(count) NvU32 *pDisplayIds, __in NvU32 count, __in NvU32 isThisOutputIdOnly, __in NvU32 isThisMonitorIdOnly);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_RevertCustomDisplayTrial
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API is used to restore the display configuration, that was changed by calling NvAPI_DISP_TryCustomDisplay(). This function
+//!                 must be called only after a custom display configuration is tested on the hardware, using NvAPI_DISP_TryCustomDisplay(),
+//!                 otherwise no action is taken. On Vista, NvAPI_DISP_RevertCustomDisplayTrial should be called with an active display that
+//!                 was affected during the NvAPI_DISP_TryCustomDisplay() call, per GPU.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDisplayIds   Pointer to display Id, of an active display.
+//! \param [in]    count         Total number of incoming Display IDs. For future use only. Currently it is expected to be passed as 1.
+//!
+//! \return        This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!                specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_RevertCustomDisplayTrial( __in_ecount(count) NvU32* pDisplayIds, __in NvU32 count);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GetView
+//
+//! This API lets caller retrieve the target display arrangement for selected source display handle.
+//! \note Display PATH with this API is limited to single GPU. DUALVIEW across GPUs will be returned as STANDARD VIEW.
+//!       Use NvAPI_SYS_GetDisplayTopologies() to query views across GPUs.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//!  \param [in]     hNvDisplay             NVIDIA Display selection. It can be #NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle enumerated from
+//!                                         NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//!  \param [out]    pTargets               User allocated storage to retrieve an array of  NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO. Can be NULL to retrieve
+//!                                         the targetCount.
+//!  \param [in,out] targetMaskCount        Count of target device mask specified in pTargetMask.
+//!  \param [out]    targetView             Target view selected from NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE.
+//!
+//!  \retval         NVAPI_OK               Completed request
+//!  \retval         NVAPI_ERROR            Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!  \retval         NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameter.
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetView(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_VIEW_TARGET_INFO *pTargets, NvU32 *pTargetMaskCount, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE *pTargetView);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GetViewEx
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API lets caller retrieve the target display arrangement for selected source display handle.
+//!                 \note Display PATH with this API is limited to single GPU. DUALVIEW across GPUs will be returned as STANDARD VIEW.
+//!                       Use NvAPI_SYS_GetDisplayTopologies() to query views across GPUs.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 165
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hNvDisplay       NVIDIA Display selection. #NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE is not allowed, it has to be a handle enumerated with
+//!                                  NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//! \param [in,out] pPathInfo        Count field should be set to NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAY_PATH. Can be NULL to retrieve just the pathCount.
+//! \param [in,out] pPathCount       Number of elements in array pPathInfo->path.
+//! \param [out]    pTargetViewMode  Display view selected from NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE.
+//!
+//! \retval         NVAPI_OK                      Completed request
+//! \retval         NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED      NVAPI not initialized
+//! \retval         NVAPI_ERROR                   Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval         NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT        Invalid input parameter.
+//! \retval         NVAPI_EXPECTED_DISPLAY_HANDLE hNvDisplay is not a valid display handle.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetViewEx(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_DISPLAY_PATH_INFO *pPathInfo, NvU32 *pPathCount, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE *pTargetViewMode);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GetSupportedViews
+//
+//!  This API lets caller enumerate all the supported NVIDIA display views - nView and Dualview modes.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 85
+//!
+//!  \param [in]     hNvDisplay             NVIDIA Display selection. It can be #NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE or a handle enumerated from
+//!                                         NvAPI_EnumNVidiaDisplayHandle().
+//!  \param [out]    pTargetViews           Array of supported views. Can be NULL to retrieve the pViewCount first.
+//!  \param [in,out] pViewCount             Count of supported views.
+//!
+//!  \retval         NVAPI_OK               Completed request
+//!  \retval         NVAPI_ERROR            Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!  \retval         NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT Invalid input parameter.
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetSupportedViews(NvDisplayHandle hNvDisplay, NV_TARGET_VIEW_MODE *pTargetViews, NvU32 *pViewCount);
+
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayIdByDisplayName
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API retrieves the Display Id of a given display by
+//!                  display name. The display must be active to retrieve the
+//!                  displayId. In the case of clone mode or Surround gaming,
+//!                  the primary or top-left display will be returned.
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayName  Name of display (Eg: "\\DISPLAY1" to
+//!                              retrieve the displayId for.
+//! \param [out]    displayId    Display ID of the requested display.
+//!
+//! retval ::NVAPI_OK:                          Capabilties have been returned.
+//! retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT:            One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED:          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first
+//! retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION:           This entrypoint not available
+//! retval ::NVAPI_ERROR:                       Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayIdByDisplayName(const char *displayName, NvU32* displayId);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API lets caller retrieve the current global display
+//!                  configuration.
+//!       USAGE:     The caller might have to call this three times to fetch all the required configuration details as follows:
+//!                  First  Pass: Caller should Call NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig() with pathInfo set to NULL to fetch pathInfoCount.
+//!                  Second Pass: Allocate memory for pathInfo with respect to the number of pathInfoCount(from First Pass) to fetch
+//!                               targetInfoCount. If sourceModeInfo is needed allocate memory or it can be initialized to NULL.
+//!             Third  Pass(Optional, only required if target information is required): Allocate memory for targetInfo with respect
+//!                               to number of targetInfoCount(from Second Pass).
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in,out]  pathInfoCount    Number of elements in pathInfo array, returns number of valid topologies, this cannot be null.
+//! \param [in,out]  pathInfo         Array of path information
+//!
+//! \return    This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with
+//!            specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval    NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  -   Invalid input parameter. Following can be the reason for this return value:
+//!                                        -# pathInfoCount is NULL.
+//!                                        -# *pathInfoCount is 0 and pathInfo is not NULL.
+//!                                        -# *pathInfoCount is not 0 and pathInfo is NULL.
+//! \retval    NVAPI_DEVICE_BUSY       -   ModeSet has not yet completed. Please wait and call it again.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetDisplayConfig(__inout NvU32 *pathInfoCount, __out_ecount_full_opt(*pathInfoCount) NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *pathInfo);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig
+//
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API lets caller apply a global display configuration
+//!                  across multiple GPUs.
+//!
+//!                  If all sourceIds are zero, then NvAPI will pick up sourceId's based on the following criteria :
+//!                  - If user provides sourceModeInfo then we are trying to assign 0th sourceId always to GDIPrimary.
+//!                     This is needed since active windows always moves along with 0th sourceId.
+//!                  - For rest of the paths, we are incrementally assigning the sourceId per adapter basis.
+//!                  - If user doesn't provide sourceModeInfo then NVAPI just picks up some default sourceId's in incremental order.
+//!                  Note : NVAPI will not intelligently choose the sourceIDs for any configs that does not need a modeset.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      pathInfoCount   Number of supplied elements in pathInfo
+//! \param [in]      pathInfo        Array of path information
+//! \param [in]      flags           A bitwise OR of supported flags from NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_FLAGS.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - Invalid input parameter.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig(__in NvU32 pathInfoCount, __in_ecount(pathInfoCount) NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO* pathInfo, __in NvU32 flags);
+
+
+
+typedef struct _NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32  version ;                      //!< [in]    structure version
+    NvU32  maxFrameInterval;              //!< [out]   maximum frame interval in micro seconds as set previously using NvAPI_DISP_SetAdaptiveSyncData function.
+                                          //!<         If default values from EDID are used, this parameter returns 0.
+    NvU32  bDisableAdaptiveSync : 1;      //!< [out]   Indicates if adaptive sync is disabled on the display.
+    NvU32  bDisableFrameSplitting : 1;    //!< [out]   Indicates if frame splitting is disabled on the display.
+    NvU32  reserved : 30;                 //!< reserved for future use.
+    NvU32  lastFlipRefreshCount;          //!< [out]   Number of times the last flip was shown on the screen
+    NvU64  lastFlipTimeStamp;             //!< [out]   Timestamp for the lastest flip on the screen
+    NvU32  reservedEx[4];                 //!< reserved for future use.
+} NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1;
+
+#define NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1,1)
+#define NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_VER   NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_VER1
+
+typedef NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1  NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_DISP_GetAdaptiveSyncData(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA *pAdaptiveSyncData)
+//! \code
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This function is used to get data for the Adaptive Sync Display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 415
+//!
+//! \param [in]       displayId            - display id of the display
+//! \param [inout]    pAdaptiveSyncData    - A pointer to NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA, containing the information about the values of parameters that are to be retrieved on given display.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetAdaptiveSyncData(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_GET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA *pAdaptiveSyncData);
+
+typedef struct _NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32  version ;                      //!< [in]    structure version
+    NvU32  maxFrameInterval;              //!< [in]    maximum frame interval in micro seconds.
+                                          //!<         If maxFrameInterval is send as 0, default values from EDID will be used.
+    NvU32  bDisableAdaptiveSync : 1;      //!< [in]    Indicates if adaptive sync is disabled on the display.
+    NvU32  bDisableFrameSplitting : 1;    //!< [in]    Indicates if Frame Splitting should be disabled.
+    NvU32  reserved : 30;                 //!< reserved for future use.
+    NvU32  reservedEx[7];                 //!< reserved for future use.
+} NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1;
+
+#define NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1,1)
+#define NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_VER   NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_VER1
+
+typedef NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA_V1  NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_DISP_SetAdaptiveSyncData(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA *pAdaptiveSyncData)
+//! \code
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This function is used to set data for Adaptive Sync Display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 415
+//!
+//! \param [in]       displayId            - display id of the display
+//! \param [in]       pAdaptiveSyncData    - A pointer to NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA, containing the information about the values of parameters that are to be set on given display.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_SetAdaptiveSyncData(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_SET_ADAPTIVE_SYNC_DATA *pAdaptiveSyncData);
+
+
+typedef struct _NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32  version ;                      //!< [in]    structure version
+    NvU32  frameIntervalUs;               //!< [out]   frame interval in micro seconds if Virtual RR is currently applied
+    NvU32  reservedEx[8];                 //!< reserved for future use.
+} NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1;
+
+#define NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(_NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1,1)
+#define NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_VER   NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_VER1
+
+typedef NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1  NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_DISP_GetVirtualRefreshRateData(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA *pVirtualRefreshRateData)
+//! \code
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This function is used to get Virtual Refresh Rate data for a VRR Capable Display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 510
+//!
+//! \param [in]       displayId                  - display id of the display
+//! \param [inout]    pVirtualRefreshRateData    - A pointer to NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA, containing the information about the values of parameters that are to be retrieved on given display.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetVirtualRefreshRateData(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_GET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA *pVirtualRefreshRateData);
+
+typedef struct _NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32  version ;                      //!< [in]   structure version
+    NvU32  frameIntervalUs;               //!< [in]   frame interval in micro seconds if Virtual RR is currently applied
+    NvU32  reservedEx[8];                 //!< reserved for future use.
+} NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1;
+
+#define NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(_NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1,1)
+#define NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_VER   NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_VER1
+
+typedef NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA_V1  NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_DISP_SetVirtualRefreshRateData(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA *pVirtualRefreshRateData)
+//! \code
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This function is used to set Virtual Refresh Rate data for a VRR Capable Display.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 510
+//!
+//! \param [in]       displayId                  - display id of the display
+//! \param [inout]    pVirtualRefreshRateData    - A pointer to NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA, containing the information about the values of parameters that are to be retrieved on given display.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status. If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_SetVirtualRefreshRateData(__in NvU32 displayId, __in NV_SET_VIRTUAL_REFRESH_RATE_DATA *pVirtualRefreshRateData);
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32    version;            //!< [in] Structure version
+    NvU32    displayId;          //!< [in] Monitor Identifier to be set
+    NvU32    reserved;           //!< Reserved for future use without adding versioning
+} NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_V1     NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_V1,1)
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_VER    NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_SetPreferredStereoDisplay
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Specifies a display output that drives the 3pin DIN output signal
+//!              in a workstation stereo system environment.
+//!              If display output is specified as a displayId of 0, the preferred
+//!              stereo display target is reset to the driver default selection.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]      pPreferredStereoDisplay        Pointer to a NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY structure
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK  completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Invalid input parameter.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_USER_PRIVILEGE       - The application will require Administrator privileges to access this API.
+//!                                                The application can be elevated to a higher permission level by selecting "Run as Administrator".
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_SetPreferredStereoDisplay(__in NV_SET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY *pPreferredStereoDisplay);
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32    version;            //!< [in] Structure version
+    NvU32    displayId;          //!< [out] The queried stereo display
+    NvU32    reserved;           //!< Reserved for future use without adding versioning
+} NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+typedef NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_V1     NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY;
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_V1,1)
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+#define NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_VER    NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_GetPreferredStereoDisplay
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Queries the displayId of the display output driving the 3pin
+//!              DIN stereo signal, if any.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [inout]     pPreferredStereoDisplay        Pointer to a NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY structure
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK  completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Invalid input parameter.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER   An invalid pointer was passed as an argument (probably NULL).
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetPreferredStereoDisplay(__inout NV_GET_PREFERRED_STEREO_DISPLAY *pPreferredStereoDisplay);
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+
+typedef struct _NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO
+{
+    NvU32    version;                    //!< [in]  Version of this structure.
+    NvU32    displayId;                  //!< [out] DisplayId.
+    NvU32    isAcquired          : 1;    //!< [out] If bit is set, this display has been acquired by another process through NvAPI_DISP_AcquireDedicatedDisplay().
+    NvU32    isMosaic            : 1;    //!< [out] If bit is set, this display represents a Mosaic grid.
+    NvU32    reserved            : 30;   //!< [out] Reserved for future use without adding versioning.
+} NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO_V1;
+
+#define NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO_V1,1)
+#define NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO_VER   NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO_VER1
+
+typedef NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO_V1    NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DISP_GetNvManagedDedicatedDisplays
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns the count of dedicated displays managed by
+//!                the Nvidia driver, and specific driver info of each display.
+//!                This API does not return VR displays.
+//!
+//! HOW TO USE: 1) First make a call NvAPI_DISP_GetNvManagedDedicatedDisplays to get the number of dedicated displays managed by the Nvidia driver
+//!                by passing pDedicatedDisplays as NULL.
+//!                On call success:
+//!             2) Allocate memory based on pDisplayCount, then call NvAPI_DISP_GetNvManagedDedicatedDisplays to populate pDedicatedDisplays.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 495
+//!
+//! \param [in/out]   pDedicatedDisplayCount    The count of dedicated displays managed by the Nvidia driver.
+//! \param [in/out]   pDedicatedDisplays        Pointer to an array of NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO data structure.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                    The call succeeded.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                 The call failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION     The API is not implemented in current driver.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OUT_OF_MEMORY         Could not allocate sufficient memory to complete the call.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER       An invalid pointer was passed as an argument.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED   NvAPI was not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION The version of NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO structure is invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetNvManagedDedicatedDisplays(__inout NvU32* pDedicatedDisplayCount, __inout NV_MANAGED_DEDICATED_DISPLAY_INFO* pDedicatedDisplays);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DISP_AcquireDedicatedDisplay
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API requests exclusive access to the specified dedicated
+//!                display managed by the Nvidia driver. If the call succeeds, a handle
+//!                is returned which could be opened as a DisplaySource.
+//!                The call fails if the display is not managed by the Nvidia driver.
+//!                The call fails if the display has already been acquired by another process.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 495
+//!
+//! \param [in]       displayId             Display ID of the dedicated display to be acquired.
+//! \param [in/out]   pDisplaySourceHandle  Pointer to memory that receives the shared handle to a DisplaySource.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                    The call succeeded.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                 The call failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION     The API not implemented.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER       An invalid pointer was passed as an argument.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED   NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_DISPLAY_ID    An invalid displayId was passed as an argument.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_UNREGISTERED_RESOURCE The display is not managed by the Nvidia driver.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_RESOURCE_IN_USE       The display has already been acquired by another process.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_AcquireDedicatedDisplay(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NvU64* pDisplaySourceHandle);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DISP_ReleaseDedicatedDisplay
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API releases the exclusive ownership of a specific dedicated
+//!                display previously acquired by the process.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 495
+//!
+//! \param [in]   displayId               Display ID of the dedicated display to be released.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                    The call succeeded.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                 The call failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION     The API not implemented.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED   NvAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_UNREGISTERED_RESOURCE The display is not managed by the Nvidia driver.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_DDISPLAY_NOT_ACQUIRED The display is not acquired by the process.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_ReleaseDedicatedDisplay(__in NvU32 displayId);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+
+#if defined (_WINNT_)
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32  version;      //!< [in]  Structure version
+    LUID   adapterId;    //!< [out] Locally unique ID (LUID) of the display adapter on which the given display is present.
+    NvU32  targetId;     //!< [out] The target identifier of the given display. This is also called AdapterRelativeId.
+    NvU32  reserved[4];  //!<       Reserved for future use.
+} NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA_V1;
+
+#define NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA_V1,1)
+#define NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA_VER   NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA_VER1
+
+typedef NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA_V1 NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Disp_GetDisplayIdInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API returns information related to the given displayId.
+//!              It returns adapterId and targetId (AdapterRelativeId) corresponding to the given displayId.
+//!              If the displayId is part of a display grid (Mosaic/Surround), then every displayId that is part of the same display grid
+//!              outputs the same (adapterId, targetId) pair, and no other displayId outputs this pair.
+//!              Otherwise, the (adapterId, targetId) pair is unique to this displayId.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 530
+//!
+//! \param [in]    displayId             DisplayId of the display.
+//! \param [inout] pDisplayIdInfoData    Pointer to the NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA structure.
+//!
+//! \return     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetDisplayIdInfo(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_DISPLAY_ID_INFO_DATA* pDisplayIdInfoData);
+
+#endif
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+
+#if defined (_WINNT_)
+
+typedef struct _NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA_V1
+{
+    NvU32  version;                          //!< [in]  Structure version
+    LUID   adapterId;                        //!< [in]  Locally unique ID (LUID) of the display adapter on which the target is present.
+    NvU32  targetId;                         //!< [in]  The target identifier. This is also called AdapterRelativeId.
+    NvU32  displayId[NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAYS];    //!< [out] An array of displayIds corresponding to the input adapterId and targetId.
+                                             //!<       If the input (targetId, adapterId) pair is a display grid (Mosaic/Surround),
+                                             //!<       then the output contains the displayId of every display that is part of the display grid.
+                                             //!<       Otherwise, it contains exactly one displayId.
+                                             //!<       These displayId values are unique to this (targetId, adapterId) pair.
+    NvU32  displayIdCount;                   //!< [out] The number of displays returned in displayId array.
+    NvU32  reserved[4];                      //!<       Reserved for future use.
+} NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA_V1;
+
+#define NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA_V1,1)
+#define NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA_VER   NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA_VER1
+
+typedef NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA_V1 NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Disp_GetDisplayIdsFromTarget
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API returns displayId(s) corresponding to the given target.
+//!              If the input (targetId, adapterId) pair is a display grid (Mosaic/Surround), then the output contains the displayId of every display
+//!              that is part of the display grid. Otherwise, it contains exactly one displayId.
+//!              These displayId values are unique to this (targetId, adapterId) pair.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 530
+//!
+//! \param [inout] pTargetInfoData       Pointer to the NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA structure.
+//!
+//! \return     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetDisplayIdsFromTarget(__inout NV_TARGET_INFO_DATA* pTargetInfoData);
+
+#endif
+
+
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+
+typedef struct _NV_GET_VRR_INFO_V1
+{
+    NvU32               version;                          //!< [in]  Structure version
+    NvU32               bIsVRREnabled : 1;                //!< [out] Set if VRR Mode is currently enabled on given display.
+    NvU32               reserved      :31;                //!<       Reserved for future use.
+    NvU32               reservedEx[4];                    //!<       Reserved for future use
+} NV_GET_VRR_INFO_V1;
+
+#define NV_GET_VRR_INFO_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GET_VRR_INFO_V1,1)
+#define NV_GET_VRR_INFO_VER   NV_GET_VRR_INFO_VER1
+
+typedef NV_GET_VRR_INFO_V1 NV_GET_VRR_INFO;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Disp_GetVRRInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API returns Variable Refresh Rate(VRR) information for the given display ID.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [inout] pVrrInfo       Pointer to the NV_GET_VRR_INFO structure.
+//!
+//! \return     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Disp_GetVRRInfo(__in NvU32 displayId, __inout NV_GET_VRR_INFO *pVrrInfo);
+
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// MOSAIC allows a multi display target output scanout on a single source. 
+//
+// SAMPLE of MOSAIC 1x4 topo with 8 pixel horizontal overlap
+//
+//+-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------+
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|        DVI1             ||           DVI2          ||         DVI3            ||          DVI4           |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//+-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup mosaicapi
+//! @{
+
+#define NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_ROWS       8
+#define NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_COLUMNS    8
+//
+// These bits are used to describe the validity of a topo.
+//
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_VALIDITY_VALID               0x00000000  //!< The topology is valid
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_VALIDITY_MISSING_GPU         0x00000001  //!< Not enough SLI GPUs were found to fill the entire
+                                                                //! topology. hPhysicalGPU will be 0 for these.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_VALIDITY_MISSING_DISPLAY     0x00000002  //!< Not enough displays were found to fill the entire
+                                                                //! topology. displayOutputId will be 0 for these.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_VALIDITY_MIXED_DISPLAY_TYPES 0x00000004  //!< The topoogy is only possible with displays of the same
+                                                                //! NV_GPU_OUTPUT_TYPE. Check displayOutputIds to make
+                                                                //! sure they are all CRTs, or all DFPs.
+
+
+//
+//! This structure defines the topology details.
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32                version;              //!< Version of this structure
+    NvLogicalGpuHandle   hLogicalGPU;          //!< Logical GPU for this topology 
+    NvU32                validityMask;         //!< 0 means topology is valid with the current hardware.
+                                               //! If not 0, inspect bits against NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_VALIDITY_*.
+    NvU32                rowCount;             //!< Number of displays in a row
+    NvU32                colCount;             //!< Number of displays in a column
+
+    struct 
+    {
+        NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGPU;      //!< Physical GPU to be used in the topology (0 if GPU missing)
+        NvU32               displayOutputId;   //!< Connected display target (0 if no display connected)
+        NvS32               overlapX;          //!< Pixels of overlap on left of target: (+overlap, -gap)
+        NvS32               overlapY;          //!< Pixels of overlap on top of target: (+overlap, -gap)
+
+    } gpuLayout[NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_ROWS][NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_COLUMNS];
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_DETAILS;
+
+//! Macro for constructing te vesion field of NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_DETAILS
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_TOPO_DETAILS_VER         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_DETAILS,1)
+
+
+//
+//! These values refer to the different types of Mosaic topologies that are possible.  When
+//! getting the supported Mosaic topologies, you can specify one of these types to narrow down
+//! the returned list to only those that match the given type.
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE_ALL,                          //!< All mosaic topologies
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE_BASIC,                        //!< Basic Mosaic topologies
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE_PASSIVE_STEREO,               //!< Passive Stereo topologies
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE_SCALED_CLONE,                 //!< Not supported at this time
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE_PASSIVE_STEREO_SCALED_CLONE,  //!< Not supported at this time
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE_MAX,                          //!< Always leave this at end of the enum
+} NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE;
+
+
+//
+//! This is a complete list of supported Mosaic topologies.
+//!
+//! Using a "Basic" topology combines multiple monitors to create a single desktop.
+//!
+//! Using a "Passive" topology combines multiples monitors to create a passive stereo desktop.
+//! In passive stereo, two identical topologies combine - one topology is used for the right eye and the other identical //! topology (targeting different displays) is used for the left eye.  \n  
+//! NOTE: common\inc\nvEscDef.h shadows a couple PASSIVE_STEREO enums.  If this
+//!       enum list changes and effects the value of NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BEGIN_PASSIVE_STEREO
+//!       please update the corresponding value in nvEscDef.h
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_NONE,
+
+    // 'BASIC' topos start here
+    //
+    // The result of using one of these Mosaic topos is that multiple monitors
+    // will combine to create a single desktop.
+    //
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BEGIN_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x2_BASIC = NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BEGIN_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_2x1_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x3_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_3x1_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x4_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_4x1_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_2x2_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_2x3_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_2x4_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_3x2_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_4x2_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x5_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x6_BASIC,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_7x1_BASIC,
+
+    // Add padding for 10 more entries. 6 will be enough room to specify every
+    // possible topology with 8 or fewer displays, so this gives us a little
+    // extra should we need it.
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_END_BASIC = NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_7x1_BASIC + 9,
+
+    // 'PASSIVE_STEREO' topos start here
+    //
+    // The result of using one of these Mosaic topos is that multiple monitors
+    // will combine to create a single PASSIVE STEREO desktop.  What this means is
+    // that there will be two topos that combine to create the overall desktop.
+    // One topo will be used for the left eye, and the other topo (of the
+    // same rows x cols), will be used for the right eye.  The difference between
+    // the two topos is that different GPUs and displays will be used.
+    //
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BEGIN_PASSIVE_STEREO,    // value shadowed in nvEscDef.h
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x2_PASSIVE_STEREO = NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BEGIN_PASSIVE_STEREO,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_2x1_PASSIVE_STEREO,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x3_PASSIVE_STEREO,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_3x1_PASSIVE_STEREO,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_1x4_PASSIVE_STEREO,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_4x1_PASSIVE_STEREO,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_2x2_PASSIVE_STEREO,
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_END_PASSIVE_STEREO = NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_2x2_PASSIVE_STEREO + 4,
+
+
+    //
+    // Total number of topos.  Always leave this at the end of the enumeration.
+    //
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_MAX  //! Total number of topologies.
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_TOPO;
+
+
+//
+//! This is a "topology brief" structure.  It tells you what you need to know about
+//! a topology at a high level. A list of these is returned when you query for the
+//! supported Mosaic information.
+//!
+//! If you need more detailed information about the topology, call
+//! NvAPI_Mosaic_GetTopoGroup() with the topology value from this structure.
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32                        version;            //!< Version of this structure
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO               topo;               //!< The topology
+    NvU32                        enabled;            //!< 1 if topo is enabled, else 0
+    NvU32                        isPossible;         //!< 1 if topo *can* be enabled, else 0
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF_VER         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF,1)
+
+
+//
+//! Basic per-display settings that are used in setting/getting the Mosaic mode
+typedef struct _NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V1
+{
+    NvU32                        version;            //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU32                        width;              //!< Per-display width
+    NvU32                        height;             //!< Per-display height
+    NvU32                        bpp;                //!< Bits per pixel
+    NvU32                        freq;               //!< Display frequency
+} NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V1;
+
+typedef struct NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V2
+{
+    NvU32                        version;            //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU32                        width;              //!< Per-display width
+    NvU32                        height;             //!< Per-display height
+    NvU32                        bpp;                //!< Bits per pixel
+    NvU32                        freq;               //!< Display frequency
+    NvU32                        rrx1k;              //!< Display frequency in x1k
+} NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V2;
+
+typedef NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V2 NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_VER1         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V1,1)
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_VER2         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V2,2)
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_VER          NVAPI_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_VER2
+
+
+//
+// Set a reasonable max number of display settings to support
+// so arrays are bound.
+//
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTINGS_MAX 40  //!< Set a reasonable maximum number of display settings to support
+                                           //! so arrays are bound.
+
+
+//
+//! This structure is used to contain a list of supported Mosaic topologies
+//! along with the display settings that can be used.
+typedef struct _NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_V1
+{
+    NvU32                          version;                                         //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU32                          topoBriefsCount;                                 //!< Number of topologies in below array
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF           topoBriefs[NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_MAX];                  //!< List of supported topologies with only brief details
+    NvU32                          displaySettingsCount;                            //!< Number of display settings in below array
+    NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V1   displaySettings[NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTINGS_MAX]; //!< List of per display settings possible
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_V2
+{
+    NvU32                          version;                                         //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU32                          topoBriefsCount;                                 //!< Number of topologies in below array
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF           topoBriefs[NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_MAX];                  //!< List of supported topologies with only brief details
+    NvU32                          displaySettingsCount;                            //!< Number of display settings in below array
+    NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V2   displaySettings[NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTINGS_MAX]; //!< List of per display settings possible
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_V2;
+
+typedef NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_V2 NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO;
+
+//! Macro forconstructing  the version field of NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_VER1         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_V1,1)
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_VER2         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_V2,2)
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_VER          NVAPI_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO_VER2
+
+
+//
+// Indices to use to access the topos array within the mosaic topology
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_IDX_DEFAULT       0
+
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_IDX_LEFT_EYE      0
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_IDX_RIGHT_EYE     1
+#define NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_NUM_EYES          2
+
+
+//
+//! This defines the maximum number of topos that can be in a topo group.
+//! At this time, it is set to 2 because our largest topo group (passive
+//! stereo) only needs 2 topos (left eye and right eye).
+//!
+//! If a new topo group with more than 2 topos is added above, then this
+//! number will also have to be incremented.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_MAX_TOPO_PER_TOPO_GROUP 2 
+
+
+//
+//! This structure defines a group of topologies that work together to create one
+//! overall layout.  All of the supported topologies are represented with this
+//! structure.
+//!
+//! For example, a 'Passive Stereo' topology would be represented with this
+//! structure, and would have separate topology details for the left and right eyes.
+//! The count would be 2.  A 'Basic' topology is also represented by this structure,
+//! with a count of 1.
+//!
+//! The structure is primarily used internally, but is exposed to applications in a
+//! read-only fashion because there are some details in it that might be useful
+//! (like the number of rows/cols, or connected display information).  A user can
+//! get the filled-in structure by calling NvAPI_Mosaic_GetTopoGroup().
+//!
+//! You can then look at the detailed values within the structure.  There are no
+//! entrypoints which take this structure as input (effectively making it read-only).
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32                      version;              //!< Version of this structure
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF       brief;                //!< The brief details of this topo
+    NvU32                      count;                //!< Number of topos in array below
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_DETAILS     topos[NV_MOSAIC_MAX_TOPO_PER_TOPO_GROUP];
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_GROUP;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_GROUP
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_TOPO_GROUP_VER         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_GROUP,1)
+
+//! @}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_GetSupportedTopoInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns information on the topologies and display resolutions
+//!                  supported by Mosaic mode.
+//!
+//!                  NOTE: Not all topologies returned can be set immediately.
+//!                        See 'OUT' Notes below.
+//!
+//!                  Once you get the list of supported topologies, you can call
+//!                  NvAPI_Mosaic_GetTopoGroup() with one of the Mosaic topologies if you need
+//!                  more information about it.
+//!
+//!     <b>'IN' Notes:</b>  pSupportedTopoInfo->version must be set before calling this function.
+//!                  If the specified version is not supported by this implementation,
+//!                  an error will be returned (NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION).
+//!
+//!     <b>'OUT' Notes:</b> Some of the topologies returned might not be valid for one reason or
+//!                  another.  It could be due to mismatched or missing displays.  It
+//!                  could also be because the required number of GPUs is not found.
+//!                  At a high level, you can see if the topology is valid and can be enabled
+//!                  by looking at the pSupportedTopoInfo->topoBriefs[xxx].isPossible flag.
+//!                  If this is true, the topology can be enabled. If it
+//!                  is false, you can find out why it cannot be enabled by getting the
+//!                  details of the topology via NvAPI_Mosaic_GetTopoGroup().  From there,
+//!                  look at the validityMask of the individual topologies.  The bits can
+//!                  be tested against the NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_VALIDITY_* bits.
+//!
+//!                  It is possible for this function to return NVAPI_OK with no topologies
+//!                  listed in the return structure.  If this is the case, it means that
+//!                  the current hardware DOES support Mosaic, but with the given configuration
+//!                  no valid topologies were found.  This most likely means that SLI was not
+//!                  enabled for the hardware. Once enabled, you should see valid topologies
+//!                  returned from this function.
+//!    
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in,out]  pSupportedTopoInfo  Information about what topologies and display resolutions
+//!                                      are supported for Mosaic.
+//! \param [in]      type                The type of topologies the caller is interested in
+//!                                      getting. See NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE for possible values.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          No errors in returning supported topologies.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED               Mosaic is not supported with the existing hardware.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more arguments passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION The version of the structure passed in is not
+//                                              compatible with this entry point.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR:                      Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_GetSupportedTopoInfo(NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPO_INFO *pSupportedTopoInfo, NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_TYPE type);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_GetTopoGroup
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns a structure filled with the details
+//!                  of the specified Mosaic topology.
+//!
+//!                  If the pTopoBrief passed in matches the current topology,
+//!                  then information in the brief and group structures
+//!                  will reflect what is current. Thus the brief would have
+//!                  the current 'enable' status, and the group would have the
+//!                  current overlap values. If there is no match, then the
+//!                  returned brief has an 'enable' status of FALSE (since it
+//!                  is obviously not enabled), and the overlap values will be 0.
+//!
+//!     <b>'IN' Notes:</b>  pTopoGroup->version must be set before calling this function.
+//!                  If the specified version is not supported by this implementation,
+//!                  an error will be returned (NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION).
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pTopoBrief        The topology for getting the details
+//!                                   This must be one of the topology briefs
+//!                                   returned from NvAPI_Mosaic_GetSupportedTopoInfo().
+//! \param [in,out] pTopoGroup        The topology details matching the brief
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Details were retrieved successfully.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED               Mosaic is not supported with the existing hardware.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more argumentss passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION The version of the structure passed in is not
+//                                              compatible with this entry point.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR:                      Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_GetTopoGroup(NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF *pTopoBrief, NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_GROUP *pTopoGroup);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_GetOverlapLimits
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns the X and Y overlap limits required if
+//!                  the given Mosaic topology and display settings are to be used.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pTopoBrief          The topology for getting limits
+//!                                   This must be one of the topo briefs
+//!                                   returned from NvAPI_Mosaic_GetSupportedTopoInfo().
+//! \param [in]   pDisplaySetting     The display settings for getting the limits.
+//!                                   This must be one of the settings
+//!                                   returned from NvAPI_Mosaic_GetSupportedTopoInfo().
+//! \param [out]  pMinOverlapX        X overlap minimum
+//! \param [out]  pMaxOverlapX        X overlap maximum
+//! \param [out]  pMinOverlapY        Y overlap minimum
+//! \param [out]  pMaxOverlapY        Y overlap maximum
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Details were retrieved successfully.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED               Mosaic is not supported with the existing hardware.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more argumentss passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION The version of the structure passed in is not
+//!                                             compatible with this entry point.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_GetOverlapLimits(NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF *pTopoBrief, NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING *pDisplaySetting, NvS32 *pMinOverlapX, NvS32 *pMaxOverlapX, NvS32 *pMinOverlapY, NvS32 *pMaxOverlapY);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_SetCurrentTopo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API sets the Mosaic topology and performs a mode switch 
+//!                  using the given display settings.
+//!
+//!                  If NVAPI_OK is returned, the current Mosaic topology was set
+//!                  correctly.  Any other status returned means the
+//!                  topology was not set, and remains what it was before this
+//!                  function was called.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pTopoBrief        The topology to set. This must be one of the topologies returned from
+//!                                   NvAPI_Mosaic_GetSupportedTopoInfo(), and it must have an isPossible value of 1.
+//! \param [in]     pDisplaySetting   The per display settings to be used in the Mosaic mode. This must be one of the
+//!                                   settings returned from NvAPI_Mosaic_GetSupportedTopoInfo().
+//! \param [in]     overlapX          The pixel overlap to use between horizontal displays (use positive a number for
+//!                                   overlap, or a negative number to create a gap.) If the overlap is out of bounds
+//!                                   for what is possible given the topo and display setting, the overlap will be clamped.
+//! \param [in]     overlapY          The pixel overlap to use between vertical displays (use positive a number for
+//!                                   overlap, or a negative number to create a gap.) If the overlap is out of bounds for
+//!                                   what is possible given the topo and display setting, the overlap will be clamped.
+//! \param [in]     enable            If 1, the topology being set will also be enabled, meaning that the mode set will
+//!                                   occur.  \n
+//!                                   If 0, you don't want to be in Mosaic mode right now, but want to set the current
+//!                                   Mosaic topology so you can enable it later with NvAPI_Mosaic_EnableCurrentTopo().
+//!
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_OK                          The Mosaic topology was set.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED               Mosaic is not supported with the existing hardware.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more argumentss passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_TOPO_NOT_POSSIBLE           The topology passed in is not currently possible.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION The version of the structure passed in is not
+//!                                              compatible with this entrypoint.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_MODE_CHANGE_FAILED          There was an error changing the display mode.
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_SetCurrentTopo(NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF *pTopoBrief, NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING *pDisplaySetting, NvS32 overlapX, NvS32 overlapY, NvU32 enable);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_GetCurrentTopo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns information for the current Mosaic topology.
+//!                  This includes topology, display settings, and overlap values.
+//!
+//!                  You can call NvAPI_Mosaic_GetTopoGroup() with the topology
+//!                  if you require more information.
+//!
+//!                  If there isn't a current topology, then pTopoBrief->topo will
+//!                  be NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_NONE.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [out]     pTopoBrief       The current Mosaic topology
+//! \param [out]     pDisplaySetting  The current per-display settings
+//! \param [out]     pOverlapX        The pixel overlap between horizontal displays
+//! \param [out]     pOverlapY        The pixel overlap between vertical displays
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Success getting current info.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED               Mosaic is not supported with the existing hardware.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more argumentss passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entry point not available.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_GetCurrentTopo(NV_MOSAIC_TOPO_BRIEF *pTopoBrief, NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING *pDisplaySetting, NvS32 *pOverlapX, NvS32 *pOverlapY);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_EnableCurrentTopo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API enables or disables the current Mosaic topology
+//!                  based on the setting of the incoming 'enable' parameter.
+//!
+//!                  An "enable" setting enables the current (previously set) Mosaic topology.
+//!                  Note that when the current Mosaic topology is retrieved, it must have an isPossible value of 1 or
+//!                  an error will occur.
+//!
+//!                  A "disable" setting disables the current Mosaic topology.
+//!                  The topology information will persist, even across reboots.
+//!                  To re-enable the Mosaic topology, call this function
+//!                  again with the enable parameter set to 1.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]   enable               1 to enable the current Mosaic topo, 0 to disable it.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                 The Mosaic topo was enabled/disabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED      Mosaic is not supported with the existing hardware.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT   One or more arguments passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_TOPO_NOT_POSSIBLE  The current topology is not currently possible.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_MODE_CHANGE_FAILED There was an error changing the display mode.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR:             Miscellaneous error occurred.
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_EnableCurrentTopo(NvU32 enable);
+
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+//! @{
+typedef struct _NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_V1
+{
+    NvU32                       displayId;              //!< DisplayID of the display
+    NvS32                       overlapX;               //!< (+overlap, -gap)
+    NvS32                       overlapY;               //!< (+overlap, -gap)
+    NV_ROTATE                   rotation;               //!< Rotation of display
+    NvU32                       cloneGroup;             //!< Reserved, must be 0
+} NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_V1;
+
+typedef enum _NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE
+{
+    NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE_NO_PIXEL_SHIFT            = 0,          //!< No pixel shift will be applied to this display.
+    NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE_2x2_TOP_LEFT_PIXELS       = 1,          //!< This display will be used to scanout top left pixels in 2x2 PixelShift configuration
+    NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE_2x2_BOTTOM_RIGHT_PIXELS   = 2,          //!< This display will be used to scanout bottom right pixels in 2x2 PixelShift configuration
+    NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE_2x2_TOP_RIGHT_PIXELS      = 4,          //!< This display will be used to scanout top right pixels in 2x2 PixelShift configuration
+    NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE_2x2_BOTTOM_LEFT_PIXELS    = 8,          //!< This display will be used to scanout bottom left pixels in 2x2 PixelShift configuration
+} NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_V2
+{
+    NvU32                               version;                //!< Version of this structure
+
+    NvU32                               displayId;              //!< DisplayID of the display
+    NvS32                               overlapX;               //!< (+overlap, -gap)
+    NvS32                               overlapY;               //!< (+overlap, -gap)
+    NV_ROTATE                           rotation;               //!< Rotation of display
+    NvU32                               cloneGroup;             //!< Reserved, must be 0
+    NV_PIXEL_SHIFT_TYPE                 pixelShiftType;         //!< Type of the pixel shift enabled display
+} NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_V2;
+
+#ifndef NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_VER
+
+typedef NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_V1           NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY;
+
+#endif
+
+typedef struct _NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_V1
+{
+    NvU32                          version;                            //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU32                          rows;                               //!< Number of rows
+    NvU32                          columns;                            //!< Number of columns
+    NvU32                          displayCount;                       //!< Number of display details
+    NvU32                          applyWithBezelCorrect : 1;          //!< When enabling and doing the modeset, do we switch to the bezel-corrected resolution
+    NvU32                          immersiveGaming : 1;                //!< Enable as immersive gaming instead of Mosaic SLI (for Quadro-boards only)
+    NvU32                          baseMosaic : 1;                     //!< Enable as Base Mosaic (Panoramic) instead of Mosaic SLI (for NVS and Quadro-boards only)
+    NvU32                          driverReloadAllowed : 1;            //!< If necessary, reloading the driver is permitted (for Vista and above only). Will not be persisted. Value undefined on get.
+    NvU32                          acceleratePrimaryDisplay : 1;       //!< Enable SLI acceleration on the primary display while in single-wide mode (For Immersive Gaming only). Will not be persisted. Value undefined on get.
+    NvU32                          reserved : 27;                      //!< Reserved, must be 0
+    NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_V1 displays[NV_MOSAIC_MAX_DISPLAYS];   //!< Displays are done as [(row * columns) + column]
+    NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V1   displaySettings;                    //!< Display settings
+} NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_V2
+{
+    NvU32                          version;                            //!< Version of this structure
+    NvU32                          rows;                               //!< Number of rows
+    NvU32                          columns;                            //!< Number of columns
+    NvU32                          displayCount;                       //!< Number of display details
+    NvU32                          applyWithBezelCorrect : 1;          //!< When enabling and doing the modeset, do we switch to the bezel-corrected resolution
+    NvU32                          immersiveGaming : 1;                //!< Enable as immersive gaming instead of Mosaic SLI (for Quadro-boards only)
+    NvU32                          baseMosaic : 1;                     //!< Enable as Base Mosaic (Panoramic) instead of Mosaic SLI (for NVS and Quadro-boards only)
+    NvU32                          driverReloadAllowed : 1;            //!< If necessary, reloading the driver is permitted (for Vista and above only). Will not be persisted. Value undefined on get.
+    NvU32                          acceleratePrimaryDisplay : 1;       //!< Enable SLI acceleration on the primary display while in single-wide mode (For Immersive Gaming only). Will not be persisted. Value undefined on get.
+    NvU32                          pixelShift : 1;                     //!< Enable Pixel shift
+    NvU32                          reserved : 26;                      //!< Reserved, must be 0
+    NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_DISPLAY_V2 displays[NV_MOSAIC_MAX_DISPLAYS];   //!< Displays are done as [(row * columns) + column]
+    NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING_V1   displaySettings;                    //!< Display settings
+} NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_V2;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO
+#define NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_VER1         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_V1,1)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_VER2         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_V2,2)
+#ifndef NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_VER
+
+typedef NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_V2           NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO
+#define NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_VER          NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO_VER2
+
+#endif
+
+//! @}
+
+//! since Release R290
+
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_DISPLAY_ON_INVALID_GPU        NV_BIT(0)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_DISPLAY_ON_WRONG_CONNECTOR    NV_BIT(1)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_NO_COMMON_TIMINGS             NV_BIT(2)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_NO_EDID_AVAILABLE             NV_BIT(3)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_MISMATCHED_OUTPUT_TYPE        NV_BIT(4)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_NO_DISPLAY_CONNECTED          NV_BIT(5)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_NO_GPU_TOPOLOGY               NV_BIT(6)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_NOT_SUPPORTED                 NV_BIT(7)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_NO_SLI_BRIDGE                 NV_BIT(8)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_ECC_ENABLED                   NV_BIT(9)
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_GPU_TOPOLOGY_NOT_SUPPORTED    NV_BIT(10)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+//! Do not change the current GPU topology. If the NO_DRIVER_RELOAD bit is not
+//! specified, then it may still require a driver reload.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_SETDISPLAYTOPO_FLAG_CURRENT_GPU_TOPOLOGY NV_BIT(0)
+
+//! Do not allow a driver reload. That is, stick with the same master GPU as well as the
+//! same SLI configuration.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_SETDISPLAYTOPO_FLAG_NO_DRIVER_RELOAD     NV_BIT(1)
+
+//! When choosing a GPU topology, choose the topology with the best performance.
+//! Without this flag, it will choose the topology that uses the smallest number
+//! of GPU's.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_SETDISPLAYTOPO_FLAG_MAXIMIZE_PERFORMANCE NV_BIT(2)
+
+//! Do not return an error if no configuration will work with all of the grids.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_SETDISPLAYTOPO_FLAG_ALLOW_INVALID        NV_BIT(3)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_SetDisplayGrids
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     Sets a new display topology, replacing any existing topologies
+//!                  that use the same displays.
+//!
+//!                  This function will look for an SLI configuration that will
+//!                  allow the display topology to work.
+//!
+//!                  To revert to a single display, specify that display as a 1x1
+//!                  grid.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      pGridTopologies    The topology details to set.
+//! \param [in]      gridCount          The number of elements in the pGridTopologies array.
+//! \param [in]      setTopoFlags       Zero or more of the NVAPI_MOSAIC_SETDISPLAYTOPO_FLAG_*
+//!                                     flags.
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Capabilities have been returned.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY      No matching GPU topologies could be found.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_TOPO_NOT_POSSIBLE           One or more of the display grids are not valid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_SetDisplayGrids(__in_ecount(gridCount) NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO *pGridTopologies, __in NvU32 gridCount, __in NvU32 setTopoFlags);
+
+
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+//! Indicates that a display's position in the grid is sub-optimal.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYTOPO_WARNING_DISPLAY_POSITION            NV_BIT(0)
+
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+//! Indicates that SetDisplaySettings would need to perform a driver reload.
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYTOPO_WARNING_DRIVER_RELOAD_REQUIRED      NV_BIT(1)
+
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;
+    NvU32 errorFlags;            //!< (OUT) Any of the NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYTOPO_ERROR_* flags.
+    NvU32 warningFlags;          //!< (OUT) Any of the NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYTOPO_WARNING_* flags.
+
+    NvU32 displayCount;          //!< (OUT) The number of valid entries in the displays array.
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32 displayId;             //!< (OUT) The DisplayID of this display.
+        NvU32 errorFlags;            //!< (OUT) Any of the NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYCAPS_PROBLEM_* flags.
+        NvU32 warningFlags;          //!< (OUT) Any of the NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAYTOPO_WARNING_* flags.
+
+        NvU32  supportsRotation : 1; //!< (OUT) This display can be rotated
+        NvU32  reserved : 31;        //!< (OUT) reserved
+    } displays[NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAYS];
+} NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_TOPO_STATUS;
+
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+#define NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_TOPO_STATUS_VER         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_TOPO_STATUS,1)
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_ValidateDisplayGrids
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     Determines if a list of grid topologies is valid. It will choose an SLI
+//!                  configuration in the same way that NvAPI_Mosaic_SetDisplayGrids() does.
+//!
+//!                  On return, each element in the pTopoStatus array will contain any errors or
+//!                  warnings about each grid topology. If any error flags are set, then the topology
+//!                  is not valid. If any warning flags are set, then the topology is valid, but
+//!                  sub-optimal.
+//!
+//!                  If the ALLOW_INVALID flag is set, then it will continue to validate the grids
+//!                  even if no SLI configuration will allow all of the grids. In this case, a grid
+//!                  grid with no matching GPU topology will have the error
+//!                  flags NO_GPU_TOPOLOGY or NOT_SUPPORTED set.
+//!
+//!                  If the ALLOW_INVALID flag is not set and no matching SLI configuration is
+//!                  found, then it will skip the rest of the validation and return
+//!                  NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      setTopoFlags       Zero or more of the NVAPI_MOSAIC_SETDISPLAYTOPO_FLAG_*
+//!                                     flags.
+//! \param [in]      pGridTopologies    The array of grid topologies to verify.
+//! \param [in,out]  pTopoStatus        The array of problems and warnings with each grid topology.
+//! \param [in]      gridCount          The number of elements in the pGridTopologies and
+//!                                     pTopoStatus arrays.
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK:                          Capabilities have been returned.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT:            One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED:          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION:           This entrypoint not available
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY:      No matching GPU topologies could be found.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR:                       Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_ValidateDisplayGrids(__in NvU32 setTopoFlags,
+        __in_ecount(gridCount) NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO *pGridTopologies,
+        __inout_ecount_full(gridCount) NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_TOPO_STATUS *pTopoStatus,
+        __in NvU32 gridCount);
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_EnumDisplayModes
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     Determines the set of available display modes for a given grid topology.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      pGridTopology         The grid topology to use.
+//! \param [in,out]  pDisplaySettings      A pointer to an array of display settings to populate,
+//!                                        or NULL to find out the total number of available modes.
+//! \param [in,out]  pDisplayCount         If pDisplaySettings is not NULL, then pDisplayCount
+//!                                        should point to the number of elements in the
+//!                                        pDisplaySettings array. On return, it will contain the
+//!                                        number of modes that were actually returned. If
+//!                                        pDisplaySettings is NULL, then pDisplayCount will receive
+//!                                        the total number of modes that are available.
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Capabilities have been returned.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaciapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_EnumDisplayModes(__in NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO *pGridTopology,
+        __inout_ecount_part_opt(*pDisplayCount, *pDisplayCount) NV_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SETTING *pDisplaySettings,
+        __inout NvU32 *pDisplayCount);
+
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_EnumDisplayGrids
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     Enumerates the current active grid topologies. This includes Mosaic, IG, and
+//!                  Panoramic topologies, as well as single displays.
+//!
+//!                  If pGridTopologies is NULL, then pGridCount will be set to the number of active
+//!                  grid topologies.
+//!
+//!                  If pGridTopologies is not NULL, then pGridCount contains the maximum number of
+//!                  grid topologies to return. On return, pGridCount will be set to the number of
+//!                  grid topologies that were returned.
+//!
+//! \param [out]     pGridTopologies   The list of active grid topologies.
+//! \param [in,out]  pGridCount        A pointer to the number of grid topologies returned.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Capabilties have been returned.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION             There are no more topologies to return.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_EnumDisplayGrids(__inout_ecount_part_opt(*pGridCount, *pGridCount) NV_MOSAIC_GRID_TOPO *pGridTopologies,
+        __inout NvU32 *pGridCount);
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// ###########################################################################
+// DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS
+//
+//   Below is the Phase 1 Mosaic stuff, the Phase 2 stuff above is what will remain
+//   once Phase 2 is complete.  For a small amount of time, the two will co-exist.  As
+//   soon as apps (nvapichk, NvAPITestMosaic, and CPL) are updated to use the Phase 2
+//   entrypoints, the code below will be deleted.
+//
+// DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS - DELME_RUSS
+// ###########################################################################
+//
+// Supported topos 1x4, 4x1 and 2x2 to start with.
+// 
+// Selected scan out targets can be one per GPU or more than one on the same GPU.
+//
+// SAMPLE of MOSAIC 1x4 SCAN OUT TOPO with 8 pixel horizontal overlap
+//
+//+-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------+
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|        DVI1             ||           DVI2          ||         DVI3            ||          DVI4           |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//|                         ||                         ||                         ||                         |
+//+-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------++-------------------------+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup mosaicapi
+//! @{
+
+//! Used in NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY.
+#define NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_ROWS       8
+
+//! Used in NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY.
+#define NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_COLUMNS    8 
+
+//! Used in NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY.
+#define NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_TOPOS              16
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GetCurrentMosaicTopology() and NvAPI_SetCurrentMosaicTopology().
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32 version;                             //!< Version number of the mosaic topology
+    NvU32 rowCount;                            //!< Horizontal display count
+    NvU32 colCount;                            //!< Vertical display count
+
+    struct 
+    {
+        NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGPU;      //!< Physical GPU to be used in the topology
+        NvU32               displayOutputId;   //!< Connected display target
+        NvS32               overlapX;          //!< Pixels of overlap on the left of target: (+overlap, -gap)
+        NvS32               overlapY;          //!< Pixels of overlap on the top of target: (+overlap, -gap)
+
+    } gpuLayout[NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_ROWS][NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_COLUMNS];
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY;
+
+//! Used in NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY.
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY_VER         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY,1)
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GetSupportedMosaicTopologies().
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32                   version;                                    
+    NvU32                   totalCount;                     //!< Count of valid topologies
+    NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY      topos[NVAPI_MAX_MOSAIC_TOPOS];  //!< Maximum number of topologies
+
+} NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPOLOGIES;
+
+//! Used in NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPOLOGIES. 
+#define NVAPI_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPOLOGIES_VER         MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPOLOGIES,1)
+
+//!@}
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GetSupportedMosaicTopologies
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns all valid Mosaic topologies.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows XP
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 177
+//!
+//! \param [out] pMosaicTopos                   An array of valid Mosaic topologies.
+//!
+//! \retval      NVAPI_OK                       Call succeeded; 1 or more topologies were returned
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         One or more arguments are invalid
+//! \retval      NVAPI_MIXED_TARGET_TYPES       Mosaic topology is only possible with all targets of the same NV_GPU_OUTPUT_TYPE.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED            Mosaic is not supported with GPUs on this system.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY   SLI is not enabled, yet needs to be, in order for this function to succeed.
+//!
+//! \ingroup     mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetSupportedMosaicTopologies(NV_MOSAIC_SUPPORTED_TOPOLOGIES *pMosaicTopos);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_GetCurrentMosaicTopology
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API gets the current Mosaic topology.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows XP
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 177
+//!
+//! \param [out] pMosaicTopo                    The current Mosaic topology
+//! \param [out] pEnabled                       TRUE if returned topology is currently enabled, else FALSE
+//!
+//! \retval      NVAPI_OK                       Call succeeded
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         One or more arguments are invalid
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED            Mosaic is not supported with GPUs on this system.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY   SLI is not enabled, yet needs to be, in order for this function to succeed.
+//!
+//! \ingroup     mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GetCurrentMosaicTopology(NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY *pMosaicTopo, NvU32 *pEnabled);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SetCurrentMosaicTopology
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API sets the Mosaic topology, and enables it so that the
+//!                  Mosaic display settings are enumerated upon request.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows XP
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 177
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pMosaicTopo                    A valid Mosaic topology
+//!
+//! \retval      NVAPI_OK                       Call succeeded
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         One or more arguments are invalid
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED            Mosaic is not supported with GPUs on this system.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY   SLI is not enabled, yet needs to be, in order for this function to succeed.
+//!
+//! \ingroup     mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SetCurrentMosaicTopology(NV_MOSAIC_TOPOLOGY *pMosaicTopo);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_EnableCurrentMosaicTopology
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API enables or disables the current Mosaic topology. 
+//!                 When enabling, the last Mosaic topology will be set.
+//!
+//!                  - If enabled, enumeration of display settings will include valid Mosaic resolutions.  
+//!                  - If disabled, enumeration of display settings will not include Mosaic resolutions.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows XP
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 177
+//!
+//! \param [in]  enable                         TRUE to enable the Mosaic Topology, FALSE to disable it.
+//!
+//! \retval      NVAPI_OK                       Call succeeded
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         One or more arguments are invalid
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED            Mosaic is not supported with GPUs on this system.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY   SLI is not enabled, yet needs to be, in order for this function to succeed.
+//!
+//! \ingroup     mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_EnableCurrentMosaicTopology(NvU32 enable);
+
+
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GSYNC_DEVICES                       4
+
+
+// Sync Display APIs
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_EnumSyncDevices
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns an array of Sync device handles. A Sync device handle represents a
+//!                single Sync device on the system.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [out] nvGSyncHandles-  The caller provides an array of handles, which must contain at least
+//!                               NVAPI_MAX_GSYNC_DEVICES elements. The API will zero out the entire array and then fill in one
+//!                               or more handles. If an error occurs, the array is invalid.
+//! \param [out] *gsyncCount-     The caller provides the storage space. NvAPI_GSync_EnumSyncDevices
+//!                               sets *gsyncCount to indicate how many of the elements in the nvGSyncHandles[] array are valid.
+//!                               If an error occurs, *gsyncCount will be set to zero.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         nvGSyncHandles or gsyncCount is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  The queried Graphics system does not have any Sync Device.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_EnumSyncDevices(__out NvGSyncDeviceHandle nvGSyncHandles[NVAPI_MAX_GSYNC_DEVICES], __out NvU32 *gsyncCount);
+
+
+// GSync boardId values
+#define NVAPI_GSYNC_BOARD_ID_P358 856		//!< GSync board ID 0x358, see NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES
+#define NVAPI_GSYNC_BOARD_ID_P2060 8288		//!< GSync board ID 0x2060, see NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES 
+
+//! \since Release: 375
+#define NVAPI_GSYNC_BOARD_ID_P2061 8289		//!< GSync board ID 0x2061, see NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES 
+
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GSync_QueryCapabilities().
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V1
+{
+    NvU32   version;                        //!< Version of the structure
+    NvU32   boardId;                        //!< Board ID
+    NvU32   revision;                       //!< FPGA Revision
+    NvU32   capFlags;                       //!< Capabilities of the Sync board. Reserved for future use
+} NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V2
+{
+    NvU32   version;                        //!< Version of the structure
+    NvU32   boardId;                        //!< Board ID
+    NvU32   revision;                       //!< FPGA major revision
+    NvU32   capFlags;                       //!< Capabilities of the Sync board. Reserved for future use
+    NvU32   extendedRevision;               //!< FPGA minor revision
+} NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V3
+{
+    NvU32   version;                        //!< Version of the structure
+    NvU32   boardId;                        //!< Board ID
+    NvU32   revision;                       //!< FPGA major revision
+    NvU32   capFlags;                       //!< Capabilities of the Sync board. Reserved for future use
+    NvU32   extendedRevision;               //!< FPGA minor revision
+    NvU32   bIsMulDivSupported : 1;         //!< Indicates if multiplication/division of the frequency of house sync signal is supported.
+    NvU32   reserved           : 31;        //!< Reserved for future use
+    NvU32   maxMulDivValue;                 //!< This parameter returns the maximum possible value that can be programmed 
+                                            //!< for multiplying / dividing house sync. Only valid if bIsMulDivSupported is set to 1.
+} NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V3;
+
+typedef NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V3 NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES;
+
+
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES.
+#define NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V1,1)
+#define NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V2,2)
+#define NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_VER3  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_V3,3)
+#define NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_VER NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES_VER3
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_QueryCapabilities
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns the capabilities of the Sync device.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]    hNvGSyncDevice-        The handle for a Sync device for which the capabilities will be queried.
+//! \param [inout] *pNvGSyncCapabilities- The caller provides the storage space. NvAPI_GSync_QueryCapabilities() sets
+//!                                       *pNvGSyncCapabilities to the version and capabilities details of the Sync device
+//!                                       If an error occurs, *pNvGSyncCapabilities will be set to NULL.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         hNvGSyncDevice is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  The queried Graphics system does not have any Sync Device.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_QueryCapabilities(__in NvGSyncDeviceHandle hNvGSyncDevice, __inout NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES *pNvGSyncCapabilities);
+
+
+
+//! Connector values for a GPU. Used in NV_GSYNC_GPU.
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR
+{
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR_NONE         = 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR_PRIMARY      = 1,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR_SECONDARY    = 2,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR_TERTIARY     = 3,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR_QUARTERNARY  = 4,
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR;
+
+//! Display sync states. Used in NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY.
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_DISPLAY_SYNC_STATE
+{
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_DISPLAY_SYNC_STATE_UNSYNCED         = 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_DISPLAY_SYNC_STATE_SLAVE            = 1,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_DISPLAY_SYNC_STATE_MASTER           = 2,
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_DISPLAY_SYNC_STATE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_GPU
+{
+    NvU32                               version;            //!< Version of the structure
+    NvPhysicalGpuHandle                 hPhysicalGpu;       //!< GPU handle
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CONNECTOR  connector;          //!< Indicates which connector on the device the GPU is connected to.
+    NvPhysicalGpuHandle                 hProxyPhysicalGpu;  //!< GPU through which hPhysicalGpu is connected to the Sync device (if not directly connected)
+                                                            //!<  - this is NULL otherwise
+    NvU32                               isSynced : 1;       //!< Whether this GPU is sync'd or not.
+    NvU32                               reserved : 31;      //!< Should be set to ZERO
+} NV_GSYNC_GPU;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY
+{
+    NvU32                               version;            //!< Version of the structure
+    NvU32                               displayId;          //!< display identifier for displays.The GPU to which it is connected, can be retireved from NvAPI_SYS_GetPhysicalGpuFromDisplayId
+    NvU32                               isMasterable : 1;   //!< Can this display be the master? (Read only)
+    NvU32                               reserved : 31;      //!< Should be set to ZERO
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_DISPLAY_SYNC_STATE      syncState;          //!< Is this display slave/master
+                                                            //!< (Retrieved with topology or set by caller for enable/disable sync)
+} NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY;
+
+#define NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY,1)
+#define NV_GSYNC_GPU_VER      MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_GPU,1)
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_GetTopology
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns the topology for the specified Sync device.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]       hNvGSyncDevice-     The caller provides the handle for a Sync device for which the topology will be queried.
+//! \param [in, out]  gsyncGpuCount-      It returns number of GPUs connected to Sync device
+//! \param [in, out]  gsyncGPUs-          It returns info about GPUs connected to Sync device
+//! \param [in, out]  gsyncDisplayCount-  It returns number of active displays that belongs to Sync device
+//! \param [in, out]  gsyncDisplays-      It returns info about all active displays that belongs to Sync device
+//!
+//! HOW TO USE: 1) make a call to get the number of GPUs connected OR displays synced through Sync device
+//!                by passing the gsyncGPUs OR gsyncDisplays as NULL respectively. Both gsyncGpuCount and gsyncDisplayCount can be retrieved in same call by passing
+//!                both gsyncGPUs and gsyncDisplays as NULL
+//!                On call success:
+//!             2) Allocate memory based on gsyncGpuCount(for gsyncGPUs) and/or gsyncDisplayCount(for gsyncDisplays) then make a call to populate gsyncGPUs and/or gsyncDisplays respectively.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT               hNvGSyncDevice is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND        The queried Graphics system does not have any Sync Device.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER            When the actual number of GPUs/displays in the topology exceed the number of elements allocated for SyncGPUs/SyncDisplays respectively.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_GetTopology(__in NvGSyncDeviceHandle hNvGSyncDevice, __inout_opt NvU32 *gsyncGpuCount,  __inout_ecount_part_opt(*gsyncGpuCount, *gsyncGpuCount) NV_GSYNC_GPU *gsyncGPUs,
+                                        __inout_opt NvU32 *gsyncDisplayCount, __inout_ecount_part_opt(*gsyncDisplayCount, *gsyncDisplayCount) NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY *gsyncDisplays);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_SetSyncStateSettings
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Sets a new sync state for the displays in system.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]  gsyncDisplayCount-			The number of displays in gsyncDisplays.
+//! \param [in]  pGsyncDisplays-			The caller provides the structure containing all displays that need to be synchronized in the system. 
+//!											The displays that are not part of pGsyncDisplays, will be un-synchronized.
+//! \param [in]  flags-						Reserved for future use.
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT			If the display topology or count not valid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND		The queried Graphics system does not have any Sync Device.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_SYNC_TOPOLOGY       1.If any mosaic grid is partial.
+//!                                             2.If timing(HVisible/VVisible/refreshRate) applied of any display is different. 
+//!                                             3.If There is a across GPU mosaic grid in system and that is not a part of pGsyncDisplays.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_SetSyncStateSettings(__in NvU32 gsyncDisplayCount, __in_ecount(gsyncDisplayCount) NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY *pGsyncDisplays, __in NvU32 flags);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+
+//! Source signal edge to be used for output pulse. See NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS.
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_POLARITY
+{
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_POLARITY_RISING_EDGE     = 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_POLARITY_FALLING_EDGE    = 1,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_POLARITY_BOTH_EDGES      = 2,
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_POLARITY;
+
+//! Used in NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS.
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE
+{
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE_NONE          = 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE_TTL           = 1,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE_NTSCPALSECAM  = 2,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE_HDTV          = 3,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE_COMPOSITE     = 4,
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE;
+
+//! Used in NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS.  
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE
+{
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_VSYNC        = 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_HOUSESYNC    = 1,
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE;
+
+//! Used in NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS. 
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_DELAY
+{
+    NvU32        version;          //!< Version of the structure
+    NvU32        numLines;         //!< delay to be induced in number of horizontal lines.
+    NvU32        numPixels;        //!< delay to be induced in number of pixels.
+    NvU32        maxLines;         //!< maximum number of lines supported at current display mode to induce delay. Updated by NvAPI_GSync_GetControlParameters(). Read only.
+	NvU32        minPixels;        //!< minimum number of pixels required at current display mode to induce delay. Updated by NvAPI_GSync_GetControlParameters(). Read only.
+} NV_GSYNC_DELAY;
+
+#define NV_GSYNC_DELAY_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_DELAY,1)
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GSync_GetControlParameters() and NvAPI_GSync_SetControlParameters().
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                       version;            //!< Version of the structure
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_POLARITY        polarity;           //!< Leading edge / Falling edge / both
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE      vmode;              //!< None, TTL, NTSCPALSECAM, HDTV
+    NvU32                       interval;           //!< Number of pulses to wait between framelock signal generation
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE     source;             //!< VSync/House sync
+    NvU32                       interlaceMode:1;    //!< interlace mode for a Sync device
+    NvU32                       syncSourceIsOutput:1; //!< Set this to make house sync as an output; valid only when NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS::source is NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_VSYNC on P2061 boards. 
+                                                      //!< syncSourceIsOutput should always be NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_HOUSESYNC i.e. 0 on P2060 boards or when NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS::source is set to NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_HOUSESYNC.
+    NvU32                       reserved:30;        //!< should be set zero
+	NV_GSYNC_DELAY              syncSkew;           //!< The time delay between the frame sync signal and the GPUs signal. 
+    NV_GSYNC_DELAY              startupDelay;       //!< Sync start delay for master. 
+} NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1;
+
+//! Used in NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS.
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_MULTIPLY_DIVIDE_MODE
+{
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_UNDEFINED_MODE = 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_MULTIPLY_MODE  = 1,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_DIVIDE_MODE    = 2,
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_MULTIPLY_DIVIDE_MODE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_V2
+{
+    NvU32                              version;                //!< Version of the structure
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_POLARITY               polarity;               //!< Leading edge / Falling edge / both
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_VIDEO_MODE             vmode;                  //!< None, TTL, NTSCPALSECAM, HDTV
+    NvU32                              interval;               //!< Number of pulses to wait between framelock signal generation
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE            source;                 //!< VSync/House sync
+    NvU32                              interlaceMode:1;        //!< interlace mode for a Sync device
+    NvU32                              syncSourceIsOutput:1;   //!< Set this to make house sync as an output; valid only when NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS::source is NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_VSYNC on P2061 boards. 
+                                                               //!< syncSourceIsOutput should always be NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_HOUSESYNC i.e. 0 on P2060 boards or when NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS::source is set to NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_HOUSESYNC.
+    NvU32                              reserved:30;            //!< should be set zero
+	NV_GSYNC_DELAY                     syncSkew;               //!< The time delay between the frame sync signal and the GPUs signal. 
+    NV_GSYNC_DELAY                     startupDelay;           //!< Sync start delay for master. 
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_MULTIPLY_DIVIDE_MODE   multiplyDivideMode;     //!< Indicates multiplier/divider mode for the housesync signal.
+                                                               //!< While setting multiplyDivideMode, source needs to be set as NVAPI_GSYNC_SYNC_SOURCE_HOUSESYNC.
+    NvU8                               multiplyDivideValue;    //!< Indicates the multiplier/divider value for the housesync signal. Only supported if bIsMulDivSupported field of the structure NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES is set to 1.
+                                                               //!< The maximum supported value for this field can be obtained from maxMulDivValue field of the structure NV_GSYNC_CAPABILITIES.
+} NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_V2;
+
+typedef NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_V2 NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS;
+#define NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_V1,1)
+#define NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_V2,2)
+#define NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER   NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS_VER2
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_GetControlParameters
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries for sync control parameters as defined in NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]    hNvGSyncDevice-   The caller provides the handle of the Sync device for which to get parameters
+//! \param [inout] *pGsyncControls-  The caller provides the storage space. NvAPI_GSync_GetControlParameters() populates *pGsyncControls with values.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT          hNvGSyncDevice is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND   The queried Graphics system does not have any Sync Device.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_GetControlParameters(__in NvGSyncDeviceHandle hNvGSyncDevice, __inout NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS *pGsyncControls);
+
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_SetControlParameters
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API sets control parameters as defined in NV_SYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvGSyncDevice-   The caller provides the handle of the Sync device for which to get parameters
+//! \param [inout]  *pGsyncControls-  The caller provides NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS. skew and startDelay will be updated to the applied values.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT          hNvGSyncDevice is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND   The queried Graphics system does not have any Sync Device.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_SYNC_MASTER_NOT_FOUND     Control Parameters can only be set if there is a Sync Master enabled on the Gsync card.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_SetControlParameters(__in NvGSyncDeviceHandle hNvGSyncDevice, __inout NV_GSYNC_CONTROL_PARAMS *pGsyncControls);
+
+
+
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GSync_AdjustSyncDelay()
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_DELAY_TYPE
+{
+	NVAPI_GSYNC_DELAY_TYPE_UNKNOWN			= 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_DELAY_TYPE_SYNC_SKEW     	= 1,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_DELAY_TYPE_STARTUP     		= 2
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_DELAY_TYPE;
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_AdjustSyncDelay
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API adjusts the skew and startDelay to the closest possible values. Use this API before calling NvAPI_GSync_SetControlParameters for skew or startDelay.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 319
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvGSyncDevice-   	The caller provides the handle of the Sync device for which to get parameters
+//! \param [in]  delayType-   		Specifies whether the delay is syncSkew or startupDelay. 
+//! \param [inout]  *pGsyncDelay-  	The caller provides NV_GSYNC_DELAY. skew and startDelay will be adjusted and updated to the closest values.
+//! \param [out]  *syncSteps-  		This parameter is optional. It returns the sync delay in unit steps. If 0, it means either the NV_GSYNC_DELAY::numPixels is less than NV_GSYNC_DELAY::minPixels or NV_GSYNC_DELAY::numOfLines exceeds the NV_GSYNC_DELAY::maxLines.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_AdjustSyncDelay(__in NvGSyncDeviceHandle hNvGSyncDevice, __in NVAPI_GSYNC_DELAY_TYPE delayType, __inout NV_GSYNC_DELAY *pGsyncDelay, __out_opt NvU32* syncSteps);
+
+
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_GSync_GetSyncStatus().
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_STATUS
+{
+    NvU32 version;                          //!< Version of the structure
+    NvU32 bIsSynced;                        //!< Is timing in sync?
+    NvU32 bIsStereoSynced;                  //!< Does the phase of the timing signal from the GPU = the phase of the master sync signal?
+    NvU32 bIsSyncSignalAvailable;           //!< Is the sync signal available?
+} NV_GSYNC_STATUS;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field for NV_GSYNC_STATUS.
+#define NV_GSYNC_STATUS_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_STATUS,1)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_GetSyncStatus
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the sync status of a GPU - timing, stereosync and sync signal availability.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvGSyncDevice-     Handle of the Sync device
+//! \param [in]  hPhysicalGpu-       GPU to be queried for sync status.
+//! \param [out] *status-            The caller provides the storage space. NvAPI_GSync_GetSyncStatus() populates *status with
+//!                                  values - timing, stereosync and signal availability. On error, *status is set to NULL.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT          hNvGSyncDevice is NULL / SyncTarget is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND   The queried Graphics system does not have any G-Sync Device.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_GetSyncStatus(__in NvGSyncDeviceHandle hNvGSyncDevice, __in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __inout NV_GSYNC_STATUS *status);
+
+
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+
+#define NVAPI_MAX_RJ45_PER_GSYNC    2
+
+//! Used in NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS.
+typedef enum _NVAPI_GSYNC_RJ45_IO
+{
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_RJ45_OUTPUT     = 0,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_RJ45_INPUT      = 1,
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_RJ45_UNUSED     = 2 //!< This field is used to notify that the framelock is not actually present.
+
+} NVAPI_GSYNC_RJ45_IO;
+
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_GSync_GetStatusParameters().
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                       version;
+    NvU32                       refreshRate;                                //!< The refresh rate
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_RJ45_IO         RJ45_IO[NVAPI_MAX_RJ45_PER_GSYNC];          //!< Configured as input / output
+    NvU32                       RJ45_Ethernet[NVAPI_MAX_RJ45_PER_GSYNC];    //!< Connected to ethernet hub? [ERRONEOUSLY CONNECTED!]
+    NvU32                       houseSyncIncoming;                          //!< Incoming house sync frequency in Hz
+    NvU32                       bHouseSync;                                 //!< Is house sync connected?
+} NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_V2
+{
+    NvU32                       version;
+    NvU32                       refreshRate;                                //!< The refresh rate
+    NVAPI_GSYNC_RJ45_IO         RJ45_IO[NVAPI_MAX_RJ45_PER_GSYNC];          //!< Configured as input / output
+    NvU32                       RJ45_Ethernet[NVAPI_MAX_RJ45_PER_GSYNC];    //!< Connected to ethernet hub? [ERRONEOUSLY CONNECTED!]
+    NvU32                       houseSyncIncoming;                          //!< Incoming house sync frequency in Hz
+    NvU32                       bHouseSync;                                 //!< Is house sync connected?
+    NvU32                       bInternalSlave : 1;                         //!< Valid only for P2061 board.
+                                                                            //!< If set to 1, it means that this P2061 board receives input from another P2061 board.
+    NvU32                       reserved : 31;                              //!< Reserved for future use.
+} NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_V2;
+
+
+typedef NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_V2 NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS;
+ 
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS 
+#define NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_V1,1)
+#define NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_V2,2)
+#define NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_VER   NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS_VER2
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GSync_GetStatusParameters
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries for sync status parameters as defined in NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hNvGSyncDevice   The caller provides the handle of the GSync device for which to get parameters
+//! \param [out] *pStatusParams   The caller provides the storage space. NvAPI_GSync_GetStatusParameters populates *pStatusParams with
+//!                               values.
+//! 
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            hNvGSyncDevice is NULL / pStatusParams is NULL.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND     The queried Graphics system does not have any GSync Device.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gsyncapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GSync_GetStatusParameters(NvGSyncDeviceHandle hNvGSyncDevice, NV_GSYNC_STATUS_PARAMS *pStatusParams);
+
+//! @}
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_D3D9_RegisterResource
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:    This API binds a resource (surface/texture) so that it can be retrieved
+//!                 internally by NVAPI.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pResource      surface/texture
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK, ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_RegisterResource(IDirect3DResource9* pResource);
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_D3D9_UnregisterResource
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API unbinds a resource (surface/texture) after use.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! 
+//! \param [in]     pResource    surface/texture
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK, ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_UnregisterResource(IDirect3DResource9* pResource);
+
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_AliasSurfaceAsTexture
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D9_AliasSurfaceAsTexture(IDirect3DDevice9* pDev,
+//!                                              IDirect3DSurface9* pSurface,
+//!                                              IDirect3DTexture9 **ppTexture,
+//!                                              DWORD dwFlag);
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Create a texture that is an alias of a surface registered with NvAPI.  The
+//!                new texture can be bound with IDirect3DDevice9::SetTexture().  Note that the texture must
+//!                be unbound before drawing to the surface again.
+//!                Unless the USE_SUPER flag is passed, MSAA surfaces will be resolved before
+//!                being used as a texture.  MSAA depth buffers are resolved with a point filter,
+//!                and non-depth MSAA surfaces are resolved with a linear filter.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDev         The D3D device that owns the objects
+//! \param [in]    pSurface     Pointer to a surface that has been registered with NvAPI 
+//!                             to which a texture alias is to be provided
+//! \param [out]   ppTexture    Fill with the texture created
+//! \param [in]    dwFlag       NVAPI_ALIAS_SURFACE_FLAG to describe how to handle the texture
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                  completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER     A null pointer was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT    One of the arguments was invalid, probably dwFlag.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_UNREGISTERED_RESOURCE pSurface has not been registered with NvAPI
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR               error occurred
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D9_AliasSurfaceAsTexture().
+typedef enum {
+    NVAPI_ALIAS_SURFACE_FLAG_NONE                     = 0x00000000,
+    NVAPI_ALIAS_SURFACE_FLAG_USE_SUPER                = 0x00000001,  //!< Use the surface's msaa buffer directly as a texture, rather than resolving. (This is much slower, but potentially has higher quality.)
+    NVAPI_ALIAS_SURFACE_FLAG_MASK                     = 0x00000001
+} NVAPI_ALIAS_SURFACE_FLAG;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_AliasSurfaceAsTexture(IDirect3DDevice9* pDev,
+                                                 IDirect3DSurface9* pSurface,
+                                                 IDirect3DTexture9 **ppTexture,
+                                                 DWORD dwFlag);
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_D3D9_StretchRectEx
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API copies the contents of the source resource to the destination
+//!                  resource.  This function can convert
+//!                  between a wider range of surfaces than
+//!                  IDirect3DDevice9::StretchRect.  For example, it can copy
+//!                  from a depth/stencil surface to a texture.
+//!
+//!                  The source and destination resources *must* be registered
+//!                  with NvAPI before being used with NvAPI_D3D9_StretchRectEx().
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice             The D3D device that owns the objects.
+//! \param [in]     pSourceResource     Pointer to the source resource.
+//! \param [in]     pSrcRect            Defines the rectangle on the source to copy from.  If NULL, copy from the entire resource.
+//! \param [in]     pDestResource       Pointer to the destination resource.
+//! \param [in]     pDstRect            Defines the rectangle on the destination to copy to.  If NULL, copy to the entire resource.
+//! \param [in]     Filter              Choose a filtering method: D3DTEXF_NONE, D3DTEXF_POINT, D3DTEXF_LINEAR.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                       completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER          An invalid pointer was passed as an argument (probably NULL)
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         One of the arguments was invalid
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_UNREGISTERED_RESOURCE    a resource was passed in without being registered
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                    error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_StretchRectEx(IDirect3DDevice9 * pDevice,
+                                         IDirect3DResource9 * pSourceResource,
+                                         CONST RECT * pSourceRect,
+                                         IDirect3DResource9 * pDestResource,
+                                         CONST RECT * pDestRect,
+                                         D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE Filter);
+
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_D3D9_ClearRT
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API Clears the currently bound render target(s) with the 
+//!                  given color
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice             The D3D device that owns the objects.
+//! \param [in]     dwNumRects          The no of rectangles to clear. If 0, clear the entire surface (clipped to viewport)
+//! \param [in]     pRects              Defines the rectangles to clear.  Should be NULL if dwNumRects == 0
+//! \param [in]     r                   red component of the clear color
+//! \param [in]     g                   green component of the clear color
+//! \param [in]     b                   blue component of the clear color
+//! \param [in]     a                   alpha component of the clear color
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_ClearRT(IDirect3DDevice9 * pDevice,
+                                   NvU32 dwNumRects,
+                                   CONST RECT * pRects,
+                                   float r, float g, float b, float a);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) && defined(__cplusplus)
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_GetSurfaceHandle
+//
+//!  This function gets the handle of a given surface. This handle uniquely 
+//!  identifies the surface through all NvAPI entries.
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pSurface  Surface to be identified
+//! \param [out]    pHandle    Will be filled by the return handle
+//!
+//! \return An int which could be an NvAPI status or DX HRESULT code
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_GetSurfaceHandle(IDirect3DSurface9 *pSurface, 
+                                        NVDX_ObjectHandle *pHandle);
+
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_) && defined(__cplusplus)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) && defined(__cplusplus)
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \addtogroup dxvidcontrol
+//! @{
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION_NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_VideoSetStereoInfo
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D9_VideoSetStereoInfo(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDev,
+//!                                            NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO *pStereoInfo);
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This api specifies the stereo format of a surface, so that the
+//!                surface could be used for stereo video processing or compositing. 
+//!                In particular, this api could be used to link the left and right 
+//!                views of a decoded picture.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//!         INPUT: pDev        - The device on which the stereo surface will be used
+//!                pStereoInfo - The stereo format of the surface
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS: an int which could be an NvAPI status or DX HRESULT code
+//! \endcode
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#ifndef NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_DEFINE
+#define NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_DEFINE
+
+
+typedef enum _NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT
+{
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_NOT_STEREO         = 0,
+
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_SIDE_BY_SIDE_LR    = 1,
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_SIDE_BY_SIDE_RL    = 2,
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_TOP_BOTTOM_LR      = 3,
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_TOP_BOTTOM_RL      = 4,
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_ROW_INTERLEAVE_LR  = 5,
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_ROW_INTERLEAVE_RL  = 6,
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_TWO_FRAMES_LR      = 7,
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_MONO_PLUS_OFFSET   = 8,
+
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_LAST               = 9,
+} NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT;
+
+#endif // NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_DEFINE
+
+
+typedef struct _NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO {
+    NvU32                     dwVersion;         //!< Must be NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO_VER
+    NVDX_ObjectHandle         hSurface;          //!< The surface whose stereo format is to be set
+    NVDX_ObjectHandle         hLinkedSurface;    //!< The linked surface (must be valid when eFormat==NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT_TWO_FRAMES_LR)
+    NV_STEREO_VIDEO_FORMAT    eFormat;           //!< Stereo format of the surface
+    NvS32                     sViewOffset;       //!< Signed offset of each view (positive offset indicating left view is shifted left)
+    BOOL                      bStereoEnable;     //!< Whether stereo rendering should be enabled (if FALSE, only left view will be used)
+} NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO
+#define NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO,1)
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_VideoSetStereoInfo(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDev,
+                                              NV_DX_VIDEO_STEREO_INFO *pStereoInfo);
+
+//! @}
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_) && defined(__cplusplus)
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d10_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D10_SetDepthBoundsTest
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function enables/disables the depth bounds test.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//!   \param [in]  pDev         The device to set the depth bounds test
+//!   \param [in]  bEnable      Enable(non-zero)/disable(zero) the depth bounds test
+//!   \param [in]  fMinDepth    The minimum depth for the depth bounds test
+//!   \param [in]  fMaxDepth    The maximum depth for the depth bounds test \n
+//!                             The valid values for fMinDepth and fMaxDepth
+//!                             are such that 0 <= fMinDepth <= fMaxDepth <= 1
+//!
+//!   \return NVAPI_OK if the depth bounds test was correctly enabled or disabled 
+//!
+//!   \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D10_SetDepthBoundsTest(ID3D10Device *pDev,
+                                               NvU32 bEnable,
+                                               float fMinDepth,
+                                               float fMaxDepth);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d10_h__)
+
+
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_IsNvShaderExtnOpCodeSupported
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function checks if a nv HLSL shader extension opcode is 
+//!                supported on current hardware. List of opcodes is in nvShaderExtnEnums.h
+//!                To use Nvidia HLSL extensions the application must include nvHLSLExtns.h 
+//!                in the hlsl shader code. See nvHLSLExtns.h for more details on supported opcodes.
+//!
+//!                This function can be called from a different thread than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDev         The device on which to query for support,
+//!                                 should be a ID3D11Device+ device
+//! \param [in]        opCode       the opcode to check
+//! \param [out]       pSupported   true if supported, false otherwise
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::         NVAPI_OK if the call succeeded
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_IsNvShaderExtnOpCodeSupported(__in  IUnknown *pDev,
+                                                          __in  NvU32 opCode,
+                                                          __out bool *pSupported);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_SetNvShaderExtnSlot
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function sets the fake UAV slot that is used by Nvidia HLSL
+//!                shader extensions globally. All createShader calls made to the driver after
+//!                setting this slot would treat writes/reads to this UAV in a 
+//!                different way. Applications are expected to bind null UAV to this slot.
+//!                The same slot is used for all shader stages.
+//!                To disable shader extensions the app need to set this uav slot to 0xFFFFFFFF.
+//!                To use Nvidia HLSL extensions the application must include nvHLSLExtns.h 
+//!                in the hlsl shader code. See nvHLSLExtns.h for more details.
+//!
+//!                This function can be called from a different thread than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDev         The device for which to set the extension slot
+//!                                 should be a ID3D11Device+ device
+//! \param [in]        uavSlot      the uav slot to use
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::         NVAPI_OK    : success, the uavSlot was set sucessfully
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_SetNvShaderExtnSlot(__in IUnknown *pDev,
+                                                __in NvU32 uavSlot);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined (__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_SetNvShaderExtnSlotSpace
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function is specifically created for ray tracing since we do not
+//!                currently support PSOs with DXR.
+//!                This function sets the device's fake UAV slot and space that is used by Nvidia HLSL
+//!                shader extensions globally. All state objects created by the driver after
+//!                setting this slot would treat writes/reads to this UAV in a 
+//!                different way. Applications are expected to bind null UAV to this slot.
+//!                The same slot is used for all shader stages.
+//!                To disable shader extensions the app need to set this uav slot to 0xFFFFFFFF.
+//!                To use Nvidia HLSL extensions the application must include nvHLSLExtns.h 
+//!                in the hlsl shader code. See nvHLSLExtns.h for more details.
+//!
+//!                This function can be called from a different thread than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDev         The device for which to set the extension slot
+//!                                 should be a ID3D12Device+ device
+//! \param [in]        uavSlot      The uav slot to use
+//! \param [in]        uavSpace     The uav space to use
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::         NVAPI_OK    : success, the uavSlot and uavSpace were set sucessfully
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_SetNvShaderExtnSlotSpace(__in IUnknown *pDev,
+                                                __in NvU32 uavSlot,
+                                                __in NvU32 uavSpace);
+
+                                                ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_SetNvShaderExtnSlotSpaceLocalThread
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function is specifically created for ray tracing shaders since we do not
+//!                currently support PSOs with DXR.
+//!                This function sets the device's fake UAV slot that is used by Nvidia HLSL
+//!                shader extensions on local thread. All state objects created by the driver
+//!                on the same thread that call this function after setting this slot would treat writes/reads 
+//!                to this UAV in a different way.
+//!                Applications are expected to bind null UAV to this slot.
+//!                The same slot is used for all shader stages for the device.
+//!                To disable shader extensions the app may set this uav slot to 0xFFFFFFFF.
+//!                To use Nvidia HLSL extensions the application must include nvHLSLExtns.h 
+//!                in the hlsl shader code. See nvHLSLExtns.h for more details.
+//!
+//!                This function can be called from a different thread than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 387
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDev         The device for which to set the extension slot
+//!                                 should be a ID3D12Device+ device
+//! \param [in]        uavSlot      the uav slot to use
+//! \param [in]        uavSpace     the uav space to use
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::         NVAPI_OK    : success, the uavSlot and uavSpace were set sucessfully
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_SetNvShaderExtnSlotSpaceLocalThread(__in IUnknown *pDev,
+                                                                __in NvU32 uavSlot,
+                                                                __in NvU32 uavSpace);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && defined (__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_SetNvShaderExtnSlotLocalThread
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function sets the fake UAV slot that is used by Nvidia HLSL
+//!                shader extensions on local thread. All createShader calls on the same thread 
+//!                that calls this function after setting this slot would treat writes/reads 
+//!                to this UAV in a different way.
+//!                Applications are expected to bind null UAV to this slot.
+//!                The same slot is used for all shader stages.
+//!                To disable shader extensions the app may set this uav slot to 0xFFFFFFFF.
+//!                To use Nvidia HLSL extensions the application must include nvHLSLExtns.h 
+//!                in the hlsl shader code. See nvHLSLExtns.h for more details.
+//!
+//!                This function can be called from a different thread than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 387
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDev         The device for which to set the extension slot
+//!                                 should be a ID3D11Device+ device
+//! \param [in]        uavSlot      the uav slot to use
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::         NVAPI_OK    : success, the uavSlot was set sucessfully
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_SetNvShaderExtnSlotLocalThread(__in IUnknown *pDev,
+                                                           __in NvU32 uavSlot);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_BeginUAVOverlapEx
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Causes the driver to skip synchronization that is normally needed when accessing UAVs.
+//!                Applications must use this with caution otherwise this might cause data hazards when
+//!                multiple draw calls/compute shader launches are accessing same memory locations
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        *pDeviceOrContext     pointer to D3D11 device, or D3D11 device context
+//! \param [in]        insertWFIFlags        bit fields to indicate which WFI would be inserted (gfx / compute / both).
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D11_INSERTWFI_FLAG
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D_BEGIN_UAV_OVERLAP_NO_WFI      = 0x00000000,   //!< no WFI
+    NVAPI_D3D_BEGIN_UAV_OVERLAP_GFX_WFI     = 0x00000001,   //!< (bit 0) force graphics WFI
+    NVAPI_D3D_BEGIN_UAV_OVERLAP_COMP_WFI    = 0x00000002,   //!< (bit 1) force compute WFI
+} NVAPI_D3D11_INSERTWFI_FLAG;
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_BeginUAVOverlapEx(__in  IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext, __in NvU32 insertWFIFlags);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_BeginUAVOverlap
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Causes the driver to skip synchronization that is normally needed when accessing UAVs.
+//!                Applications must use this with caution otherwise this might cause data hazards when
+//!                multiple draw calls/compute shader launches are accessing same memory locations
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        *pDeviceOrContext     pointer to D3D11 device, or D3D11 device context
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_BeginUAVOverlap(__in  IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_EndUAVOverlap
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Re-enables driver synchronization between calls that access same UAVs
+//!                See NvAPI_D3D_BeginUAVOverlap for more details.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        *pDeviceOrContext     pointer to D3D11 device, or D3D11 device context
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_EndUAVOverlap(__in  IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_GetResourceHandle
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function retrieves a driver handle to a DX10 resource
+//!
+//!         INPUT:  pDev         The device on which the resource was created
+//!                 pResource    The resource for which we want to retrieve a
+//!                              driver handle.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//!        OUTPUT:  phObject     Pointer to an NvAPI handle to be populated
+//!                              on success
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS: NVAPI_OK if and only if phObject was populated with a valid
+//!                driver handle
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup nsightapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_GetResourceHandle(ID3D11Device *pDev,
+                                              ID3D11Resource* pResource,
+                                              NVDX_ObjectHandle* phObject);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetFPSIndicatorState
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Display an overlay that tracks the number of times the app presents per second, or,   
+//!      the number of frames-per-second (FPS)
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in] bool    Whether or not to enable the fps indicator.
+//!                
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK, 
+//!         ::NVAPI_ERROR
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetFPSIndicatorState(IUnknown *pDev, NvU8 doEnable);
+
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_Present
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API presents the contents of the next buffer in the sequence of back buffers 
+//!              owned by a IDirect3DDevice9 device.
+//!              This Present operation supports using a SwapGroup and SwapBarrier on the SwapChain
+//!              that owns the back buffer to be presented.
+//!
+//!          NOTE: NvAPI_D3D9_Present is a wrapper of the method IDirect3DDevice9::Present which
+//!                additionally notifies the D3D driver of the SwapChain used by the runtime for
+//!                presentation, thus allowing the D3D driver to apply SwapGroup and SwapBarrier
+//!                functionality to that SwapChain.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice     The IDirect3DDevice9 interface that is used to issue the Present, 
+//!                using the following IDirect3DDevice9::Present input parameters
+//! \param [in]    pSwapChain   Optional pointer to a IDirect3DSwapChain9 interface. If provided, the presentation is executed
+//!                             using this interface (i.e. pSwapChain->Present()) for the given swapchain only.
+//!                             If NULL, the presentation is executed on the device for all swapchains as in pDevice->Present()
+//! \param [in]    pSourceRect  A pointer to a RECT structure containing the source rectangle. 
+//!                             If NULL, the entire source surface is presented.
+//! \param [in]    pDestRect      A pointer to a RECT structure containing the destination rectangle, in window client coordinates. 
+//!                   If NULL, the entire client area is filled. 
+//! \param [in]    hDestWindowOverride  A pointer to a destination window whose client area is taken as the target for this presentation. 
+//!                                     If this value is NULL, then the hWndDeviceWindow member of D3DPRESENT_PARAMTERS is taken. 
+//! \param [in]    pDirtyRegion (IN)   A pointer to a region to be presented. It must be NULL unless the swap chain was reated with 
+//!                                    D3DSWAPEFFECT_COPY. If this value is non-NULL, the contained region is expressed in back buffer coordinates.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                 the Present operation was successfully executed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_D3D_DEVICE_LOST    D3D device status is D3DERR_DEVICELOST or D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET, the caller has to reset device   
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_DEVICE_BUSY        the Present operation failed with an error other than D3DERR_DEVICELOST or D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR              the communication with the D3D driver failed, SwapGroup/SwapBarrier may not be possible.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//!\ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_Present(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDevice,
+                                   IDirect3DSwapChain9 *pSwapChain,
+                                   const RECT *pSourceRect,
+                                   const RECT *pDestRect,
+                                   HWND hDestWindowOverride,
+                                   const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_QueryFrameCount
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the universal framecounter of the Quadro-Sync master device.
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice            The caller provides the DX9 device that has access to the Quadro-Sync device
+//! \param [out]  pFrameCount        The caller provides the storage space where the framecount is stored.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                  *pFrameCount populated with framecount value.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR               The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT    One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_QueryFrameCount(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDevice,
+                                           NvU32 *pFrameCount);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_ResetFrameCount
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API resets the universal framecounter on the Quadro-Sync master device.
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice            The caller provides the DX9 device that has access to the Quadro-Sync device
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   framecounter has been reset
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_ResetFrameCount(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDevice);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_QueryMaxSwapGroup
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the number of supported SwapGroups and SwapBarriers in the graphics system.
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice              The caller provides the DirectX 9 device that is used as a swapgroup client
+//! \param [out]  pMaxGroups           The caller provides the storage space where the number of available SwapGroups is stored.
+//! \param [out]  pMaxBarriers         The caller provides the storage space where the number of available SwapBarriers is stored.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   the number of SwapGroups and SwapBarriers has been stored
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_QueryMaxSwapGroup(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDevice, 
+                                             NvU32 *pMaxGroups, 
+                                             NvU32 *pMaxBarriers); 
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_QuerySwapGroup
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the current SwapGroup and SwapBarrier that a SwapChain of a specific client device is bound to.
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice            The caller provides the DirectX 9 device that is used as a swapgroup client
+//! \param [in]   pSwapChain         The caller provides the IDirect3DSwapChain9 interface as a handle to the SwapChain  
+//!                                  that belongs to the swapgroup client device
+//! \param [out]  pSwapGroup         The caller provides the storage space where the current SwapGroup is stored.
+//! \param [out]  pSwapBarrier       The caller provides the storage space where the current SwapBarrier is stored.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   the current SwapGroup and SwapBarrier has been stored
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_QuerySwapGroup(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDevice, 
+                                          IDirect3DSwapChain9 *pSwapChain, 
+                                          NvU32 *pSwapGroup, 
+                                          NvU32 *pSwapBarrier); 
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_JoinSwapGroup
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API causes the SwapChain of a SwapGroup client to join or leave the specified SwapGroup.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice               The caller provides the DirectX 9 device that is used as a swapgroup client
+//! \param [in]    pSwapChain            The caller provides the IDirect3DSwapChain9 interface as a handle to the SwapChain  
+//!                                      that belongs to the swapgroup client device
+//! \param [in]    group                 The caller specifies the SwapGroup which the SwapChain should join.
+//!                                      - If the value of group is zero, the SwapChain leaves the SwapGroup.
+//!                                      - The SwapChain joins a SwapGroup if the SwapGroup number is a positive integer less than or
+//!                                        equal to the maximum number of SwapGroups queried by NvAPI_SwapGroup_QueryMaxSwapGroup.
+//! \param [in]    blocking              The caller specifies that a presentation of this SwapChain should return immediately or block
+//!                                      until all members of the SwapGroup are ready and the presentation was actually executed.
+//!                                      A boolean value of false means the Present operation returns immediately and a value of true
+//!                                      means the Present operation is blocking.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   the SwapChain joined/left the SwapGroup accordingly
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_JoinSwapGroup(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDevice, 
+                                         IDirect3DSwapChain9 *pSwapChain, 
+                                         NvU32 group,
+                                         BOOL blocking); 
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_BindSwapBarrier
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API causes a SwapGroup to be bound to or released from the specified SwapBarrier.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice    The caller provides the DirectX 9 device that is used as a swapgroup client
+//! \param [in]    group      The caller specifies the SwapGroup to be bound to the SwapBarrier.
+//! \param [in]    barrier    The caller specifies the SwapBarrier that the SwapGroup should be bound to.
+//!                              - If the value of barrier is zero, the SwapGroup will be released from the SwapBarrier.
+//!                              - The SwapGroup will be bound to the SwapBarrier if the value of barrier is a positive 
+//!                                integer less than or equal to the maximum number of SwapBarriers queried by NvAPI_SwapGroup_QueryMaxSwapGroup.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                  the SwapGroup is bound to or released from the specified SwapBarrier
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR               The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT    One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_BindSwapBarrier(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDevice, 
+                                           NvU32 group, 
+                                           NvU32 barrier); 
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_)
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum
+{
+    NVAPI_VSYNC_DEFAULT,                    //!< Fall back to the default settings
+    NVAPI_VSYNC_OFF,                        //!< Force vertical sync off when performance is more important than image quality and for benchmarking" 
+    NVAPI_VSYNC_ON,                         //!< Force vertical sync on when image quality is more important than performance
+    NVAPI_VSYNC_ADAPTIVE,                   //!< Select adaptive to turn vertical sync on or off based on the frame rate. 
+                                            //!  Vertical sync will only be on for frame rates above the monitor refresh rate.
+    NVAPI_VSYNC_ADAPTIVE_HALF_REFRESH_RATE  //!<
+
+} NVAPI_VSYNC_MODE;
+
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetVerticalSyncMode
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API set the vertical sync mode for the given device context.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice    The caller provides the device and can be either IDirect3DDevice9 or ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device.
+//! \param [in]    vsyncMode  The caller specifies the NVAPI_VSYNC_MODE to be set.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows Vista
+//!
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS: This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetVerticalSyncMode(__in IUnknown *pDevice, __in NVAPI_VSYNC_MODE vsyncMode); 
+
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_Present
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Presents the contents of the next buffer in the sequence of back buffers 
+//!              owned by a D3D device.
+//!              This Present operation supports using a SwapGroup and SwapBarrier on the SwapChain
+//!              that owns the back buffer to be presented.
+//!
+//!          NOTE: NvAPI_D3D1x_Present is a wrapper of the method IDXGISwapChain::Present which
+//!                additionally notifies the D3D driver of the SwapChain used by the runtime for
+//!                presentation, thus allowing the D3D driver to apply SwapGroup and SwapBarrier
+//!                functionality to that SwapChain.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice          The D3D device interface that is used to issue the Present operation, 
+//!                                 using the following IDirect3DDevice9::Present input parameters.
+//!                                  pDevice can be either ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device or ID3D12Device.
+//! \param [in]     pSwapChain       The IDXGISwapChain interface that is intended to present
+//! \param [in]     SyncInterval     An integer that specifies the how to synchronize presentation of a frame with the vertical blank.
+//!                                          Values are: 
+//!                                          - 0:  The presentation occurs immediately, there is no synchronization.
+//!                                          - 1,2,3,4 : Synchronize presentation after the n'th vertical blank.
+//! \param [in]     Flags            An integer value that contains swap-chain presentation options as defined in DXGI_PRESENT.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                 the Present operation was successfully executed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_DEVICE_BUSY        the Present operation failed with an error DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_RESET or DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_REMOVED, 
+//                                     DXGI_STATUS_OCCLUDED, or D3DDDIERR_DEVICEREMOVED. 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR              the communication with the D3D driver failed, SwapGroup/SwapBarrier may not be possible.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_Present(IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                    IDXGISwapChain *pSwapChain,
+                                    UINT SyncInterval,
+                                    UINT Flags);
+#endif // defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_QueryFrameCount
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the universal framecounter of the Quadro-Sync master device.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice           The caller provides the D3D device that has access to the Quadro-Sync device,
+//!                                  pDevice can be either ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device or ID3D12Device.
+//! \param [out]   pFrameCount       The caller provides the storage space where the framecount is stored.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   *pFrameCount populated with framecount value.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_QueryFrameCount(IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                            NvU32 *pFrameCount);
+#endif // defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_ResetFrameCount
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API resets the universal framecounter on the Quadro-Sync master device.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice         The caller provides the D3D device that has access to the Quadro-Sync device,
+//!                                pDevice can be either ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device or ID3D12Device.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   framecounter has been reset
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     pDevice arg passed in is invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_ResetFrameCount(IUnknown *pDevice);
+#endif // defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_QueryMaxSwapGroup
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the number of supported SwapGroups and SwapBarriers in the graphics system.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice        The caller provides the D3D device that is intended to use SwapGroup functionality.
+//!                               pDevice can be either ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device or ID3D12Device.
+//! \param [out]   pMaxGroups     The caller provides the storage space where the number of available SwapGroups is stored.
+//! \param [out]   pMaxBarriers   The caller provides the storage space where the number of available SwapBarriers is stored.
+//! 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                  the number of SwapGroups and SwapBarriers has been stored
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR               The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT    One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_QueryMaxSwapGroup(IUnknown *pDevice, 
+                                              NvU32 *pMaxGroups, 
+                                              NvU32 *pMaxBarriers); 
+#endif // defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_QuerySwapGroup
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API queries the current SwapGroup and SwapBarrier that a SwapChain of a specific client device is bound to.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice            The caller provides the D3D device that owns the SwapChain used as a SwapGroup client.
+//!                                   pDevice can be either ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device or ID3D12Device.
+//! \param [in]    pSwapChain         The IDXGISwapChain interface that is used as the SwapGroup client.
+//!
+//! \param [out]   pSwapGroup         The caller provides the storage space where the current SwapGroup is stored.
+//! \param [out]   pSwapBarrier       The caller provides the storage space where the current SwapBarrier is stored.
+//! 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   the current SwapGroup and SwapBarrier has been stored
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_QuerySwapGroup(IUnknown *pDevice, 
+                                           IDXGISwapChain  *pSwapChain, 
+                                           NvU32 *pSwapGroup, 
+                                           NvU32 *pSwapBarrier); 
+#endif // defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_JoinSwapGroup
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API causes the SwapChain of a SwapGroup client to join or leave the specified SwapGroup.
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice            The caller provides the D3D device that owns the SwapChain used as a SwapGroup client.
+//!                                  pDevice can be either ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device or ID3D12Device.
+//! \param [in]   pSwapChain         The IDXGISwapChain interface that is used as the SwapGroup client.
+//! \param [in]   group              The caller specifies the SwapGroup which the SwapChain should join.
+//!                                      - If the value of group is zero, the SwapChain leaves the SwapGroup.
+//!                                      - The SwapChain joins a SwapGroup if the SwapGroup number is a positive integer less than or
+//!                                        equal to the maximum number of SwapGroups queried by NvAPI_SwapGroup_QueryMaxSwapGroup.
+//! \param [in]   blocking           The caller specifies that a presentation of this SwapChain should return immediately or block
+//!                                  until all members of the SwapGroup are ready and the presentation was actually executed.
+//!                                  A boolean value of false means the Present operation returns immediately and a value of true
+//!                                  means the Present operation is blocking.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   the SwapChain joined/left the SwapGroup accordingly
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_JoinSwapGroup(IUnknown *pDevice, 
+                                          IDXGISwapChain  *pSwapChain, 
+                                          NvU32 group,
+                                          BOOL blocking);
+#endif // defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_BindSwapBarrier
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API causes a SwapGroup to be bound to or released from the specified SwapBarrier.
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice            The caller provides the D3D device that owns the SwapChain used as a SwapGroup client.
+//!                                  pDevice can be either ID3D10Device or ID3D10Device1 or ID3D11Device or ID3D12Device.
+//! \param [in]   group              The caller specifies the SwapGroup to be bound to the SwapBarrier.
+//! \param [in]   barrier            The caller specifies the SwapBarrier that the SwapGroup should be bound to.
+//!                                      - If the value of barrier is zero, the SwapGroup releases the SwapBarrier.
+//!                                      - The SwapGroup will be bound to the SwapBarrier if the value of barrier is a positive 
+//!                                        integer less than or equal to the maximum number of SwapBarriers queried by NvAPI_D3D1x_QueryMaxSwapGroup.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                  the SwapGroup is bound to the specified SwapBarrier
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED  NvAPI was not yet initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_BindSwapBarrier(IUnknown *pDevice, 
+                                            NvU32 group, 
+                                            NvU32 barrier); 
+#endif // defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_QueryPresentBarrierSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns if presentBarrier feature is supported on the specified device.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice               The ID3D12Device device which owns the SwapChain as a PresentBarrier client.
+//! \param [out]    pSupported            Pointer to a boolean returning true if supported, false otherwise.
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK                     the call succeeded
+//! \return ::NVAPI_ERROR                  the call failed
+//! \return ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION      the API is not implemented
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER        an invalid pointer was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED    NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_QueryPresentBarrierSupport(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice, __out bool *pSupported);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreatePresentBarrierClient
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns an NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle, which
+//!                owns the swapchain to be synchronized through PresentBarrier.
+//!                This handle is used in other PresentBarrier functions.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice                  The ID3D12Device device which owns the SwapChain as a PresentBarrier client.
+//! \param [in]   pSwapChain               The IDXGISwapChain interface that presentBarrier is operated on.
+//! \param [OUT]  pPresentBarrierClient    Pointer to an NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle created by the driver
+//!                                        on success.
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK                     the call succeeded
+//! \return ::NVAPI_ERROR                  the call failed
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER        an invalid pointer was passed as an argument
+//! \return ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION      the API is not implemented
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED    NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreatePresentBarrierClient(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                       __in IDXGISwapChain *pSwapChain,
+                                                       __out NvPresentBarrierClientHandle *pPresentBarrierClient);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_RegisterPresentBarrierResources
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API registers scanout resources of a presentBarrier client
+//!                to the presentBarrier, and a fence object which is used for
+//!                presentBarrier synchronization. Once the registration has completed
+//!                successfully, it is not allowed to add additional resources, i.e. the
+//!                number of back buffers and fence object are not allowed to be
+//!                changed. However, application must call this function whenever the
+//!                back buffers are changed, e.g. ResizeBuffers() is called.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]   presentBarrierClient The NvPresentBarrierClientHandle client handle that owns the resources.
+//! \param [in]   pFence               An ID3D12Fence object created by the application and used for present
+//!                                    synchronization through presentBarrier. Application must wait on this
+//!                                    fence to ensure the scanout resources are ready for use in the next
+//!                                    rendering loop. The fence is only signaled by the driver and must not
+//!                                    be signaled through any other queue command. The fence value must be
+//!                                    monotonically increasing on every present call, and tracked by the
+//!                                    application.
+//! \param [in]   ppResources          An array of ID3D12Resource to be synchronized through presentBarrier, and
+//!                                    the size is specified by numResources.
+//! \param [in]   numResources         The number of ID3D12Resource elements in ppResources.
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK                     the call succeeded
+//! \return ::NVAPI_ERROR                  the call failed
+//! \return ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION      the API is not implemented
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER        an invalid pointer was passed as an argument
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE         an invalid NvPresentBarrierClientHandle was passed as an argument
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT       an invalid number of resources was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED    NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_RegisterPresentBarrierResources(__in NvPresentBarrierClientHandle presentBarrierClient,
+                                                            __in ID3D12Fence                  *pFence,
+                                                            __in ID3D12Resource               **ppResources,
+                                                            __in NvU32                        numResources);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DestroyPresentBarrierClient
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API destroys a presentBarrier client, and must be called
+//!                after client leaves presentBarrier to avoid memory leak.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]   presentBarrierClient     An NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle created by NvAPI_xxxx_CreatedPresentBarrierClient
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK                     the call succeeded
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE         an invalid NvPresentBarrierClientHandle was passed as an argument
+//! \return ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION      the API is not implemented
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED    NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DestroyPresentBarrierClient(__in NvPresentBarrierClientHandle presentBarrierClient);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+typedef struct _NV_JOIN_PRESENT_BARRIER_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32                     dwVersion;            //!< Must be NV_JOIN_PRESENT_BARRIER_PARAMS_VER1
+} NV_JOIN_PRESENT_BARRIER_PARAMS;
+ 
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NV_JOIN_PRESENT_BARRIER_PARAMS
+#define NV_JOIN_PRESENT_BARRIER_PARAMS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_JOIN_PRESENT_BARRIER_PARAMS, 1)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_JoinPresentBarrier
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API adds a registered PresentBarrier client to the presentBarrier.
+//!                If the call suceeds, image present of the registered scanout resources
+//!                from this client is under the synchronization of presentBarrier.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]  presentBarrierClient     An NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle created by NvAPI_xxxx_CreatedPresentBarrierClient
+//! \param [in]  pParams                  Parameters to joining presentBarrier. 
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                    the call succeeded
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                 the call failed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION     the interface is not implemented
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION the version of data structure is not correct
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE        an invalid NvPresentBarrierClientHandle was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER       an invalid pointer was passed as an argument (probably NULL)
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED   NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_JoinPresentBarrier(__in NvPresentBarrierClientHandle presentBarrierClient, __in NV_JOIN_PRESENT_BARRIER_PARAMS *pParams);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_LeavePresentBarrier
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API removes a registered client from presentBarrier. If this
+//!                client does not join presentBarrier, this function does nothing.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]  presentBarrierClient     An NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle created by NvAPI_xxxxx_CreatePresentBarrierClient.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                    the call succeeded
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                 the call failed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION     the interface is not implemented
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE        an invalid NvPresentBarrierClientHandle was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED   NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_LeavePresentBarrier(__in NvPresentBarrierClientHandle presentBarrierClient);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus)
+
+#define NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_FRAME_STATICS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_FRAME_STATISTICS,1)
+
+typedef enum _NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_MODE
+{
+    PRESENT_BARRIER_NOT_JOINED       = 0x00000000,    //!< The client hasn't joined presentBarrier
+    PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLIENT      = 0x00000001,    //!< The client joined the presentBarrier, but is not synchronized with
+                                                      //!  any other presentBarrier clients. This happens if the back buffers
+                                                      //!  of this client are composited instead of being flipped out to screen
+    PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_SYSTEM      = 0x00000002,    //!< The client joined the presentBarrier, and is synchronized with other
+                                                      //!  presentBarrier clients within the system
+    PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLUSTER     = 0x00000003,    //!< The client joined the presentBarrier, and is synchronized with other
+                                                      //!  clients within the system and across systems through QSync devices
+} NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_MODE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_FRAME_STATISTICS
+{
+    NvU32                           dwVersion;            //!< Must be NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_FRAME_STATICS_VER1
+    NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_MODE    SyncMode;             //!< The presentBarrier mode of this client from last present call
+    NvU32                           PresentCount;         //!< The total count of times that a frame has been presented from this
+                                                          //!  client after it joined presentBarrier successfully.
+    NvU32                           PresentInSyncCount;   //!< The total count of times that a frame has been presented from this
+                                                          //!  client and that has happened since the returned SyncMode is
+                                                          //!  PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_SYSTEM or PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLUSTER.
+                                                          //!  If the returned SyncMode is any other mode, this value is 0.
+                                                          //!  This count is set back to 0 in case the SyncMode switches away from
+                                                          //!  PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_SYSTEM or PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLUSTER.
+    NvU32                           FlipInSyncCount;      //!< The total count of flips from this client since the returned SyncMode
+                                                          //!  is PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_SYSTEM or PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLUSTER.
+                                                          //!  If the returned SyncMode is any other mode, this value is 0.
+                                                          //!  This count is set back to 0 in case the SyncMode switches away from
+                                                          //!  PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_SYSTEM or PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLUSTER.
+    NvU32                           RefreshCount;         //!< The total count of v-blanks since the returned SyncMode of this client
+                                                          //!  is PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_SYSTEM or PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLUSTER.
+                                                          //!  If the returned SyncMode is any other mode, this value is 0.
+                                                          //!  This count is set back to 0 in case the SyncMode switches away from
+                                                          //!  PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_SYSTEM or PRESENT_BARRIER_SYNC_CLUSTER.
+} NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_FRAME_STATISTICS;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_QueryPresentBarrierFrameStatistics
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns the presentBarrier frame statistics of last
+//!                present call from this client. If the client did not join
+//!                presentBarrier, the SyncMode is returned as PRESENT_BARRIER_NOT_JOINED,
+//!                and all other fields are reset. Driver does not retain any
+//!                presentBarrier info of the client once it leaves presentBarrier.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 470
+//!
+//! \param [in]   presentBarrierClient    An NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle created by NvAPI_xxxxx_CreatePresentBarrierClient.
+//! \param [out]  pFrameStats             Pointer to NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_FRAME_STATISTICS structure about presentBarrier statistics.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                    the call succeeded
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                 the call failed
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION     the interface is not implemented
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE        an invalid NvPresentBarrierClientHandle was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER       an invalid pointer was passed as an argument (probably NULL)
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION invalid version of frameStatistics params
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED   NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_QueryPresentBarrierFrameStatistics(__in NvPresentBarrierClientHandle presentBarrierClient,
+                                                         __out NV_PRESENT_BARRIER_FRAME_STATISTICS *pFrameStats);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateDDisplayPresentBarrierClient
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns an NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 510
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pDevice                  The ID3D12Device device which executes the rendering commands of this PresentBarrier
+//!                                        client. It must be created on the same adapter as DisplayDevice.
+//! \param [in]   sourceId                 The adapter-relative identifier for the DisplaySource obtained from DisplaySource.SourceId().
+//! \param [OUT]  pPresentBarrierClient    Pointer to an NvPresentBarrierClientHandle handle created by the driver on success.
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK                     the call succeeded
+//! \return ::NVAPI_ERROR                  the call failed
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER        an invalid pointer was passed as an argument
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE         the input displaySource handle is not owned by the process
+//! \return ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED          PresentBarrier featue is not supported on this configuration
+//! \return ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION      the API is not implemented
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED    NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateDDisplayPresentBarrierClient(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice, __in NvU32 sourceId, __out NvPresentBarrierClientHandle *pPresentBarrierClient);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+enum NVAPI_QUAD_FILLMODE
+{
+    NVAPI_QUAD_FILLMODE_DISABLED = 0,
+    NVAPI_QUAD_FILLMODE_BBOX = 1,
+    NVAPI_QUAD_FILLMODE_FULL_VIEWPORT = 2,
+};
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC_EX
+{
+    // D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC member variables
+    D3D11_FILL_MODE FillMode;
+    D3D11_CULL_MODE CullMode;
+    BOOL FrontCounterClockwise;
+    INT DepthBias;
+    FLOAT DepthBiasClamp;
+    FLOAT SlopeScaledDepthBias;
+    BOOL DepthClipEnable;
+    BOOL ScissorEnable;
+    BOOL MultisampleEnable;
+    BOOL AntialiasedLineEnable;
+
+    // NvAPI_D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC_EX specific member variables
+    NvU32 ForcedSampleCount;                 //<! Added DX 11.1, part of _DESC1 version of this struct.
+    bool ProgrammableSamplePositionsEnable;  //<! enable Programmable Samples feature
+    bool InterleavedSamplingEnable;          //<! when jitter is enabled, an app need to fill the whole arrays below, otherwise only as much entries as samples
+    NvU8 SampleCount;                        //<! number of samples. In TIR N->1 it needs to match N, in non-TIR it needs to match RT sample count. Ignored if ForcePerSampleInterlock is set
+    NvU8 SamplePositionsX[16];               //<! x positions in API sample order
+    NvU8 SamplePositionsY[16];               //<! y positions in API sample order
+    bool ConservativeRasterEnable;           //<! rasterize all pixels a primitive touches in any way instead of just those with the centroid covered. 
+    NVAPI_QUAD_FILLMODE QuadFillMode;        //<! Fill a triangle outside its bounds as a screen-aligned quad, matching the tri's bounding-box or filling the full viewport.
+    bool PostZCoverageEnable;                //<! Enable pixel-shader input SV_COVERAGE to account for z-test in early-z mode.
+    bool CoverageToColorEnable;              //<! Enable output of coverage to a color render-target.
+    NvU8 CoverageToColorRTIndex;             //<! Index of RT for coverage-to-color.
+    bool TargetIndepentRasterWithDepth;      //<! TargetIndepentRasterWithDepth = TRUE enables rasterezation mode where sample count of both raster and depth-stencil buffer are equal and do not match RT sample count.
+    NvU8 reserved[63];                       //<! reserved for expansion, set to zero.
+} NvAPI_D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC_EX;
+ 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateRasterizerState
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function is an extension of ID3D11Device::CreateRasterizerState with additional raster states
+//!
+//!                If programmable sample positions is used, to decompress the surface using the currently bound
+//!                programmable sample positions, use function NvAPI_D3D11_DecompressView.
+//!
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.   
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice             current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]        pRasterizerDesc     Rasterizer state description of type NVAPI_D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC_EX
+//!         \param [out]       ppRasterizerState   ID3D11RasterizerState 
+//!
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK     if the call succeeds.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateRasterizerState(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice,
+                                                  __in const NvAPI_D3D11_RASTERIZER_DESC_EX *pRasterizerDesc,
+                                                  __out ID3D11RasterizerState **ppRasterizerState);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_ConfigureAnsel
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function configure the setting of AnselShim, including hotkey.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice             current d3d device (should be ID3D11Device, ID3D10Device, or ID3D12Device)
+//!         \param [in]        pAnselConfig        configuration of Ansel to be set, including hotkey setting
+//!
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK     if the call succeeds.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef enum _NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE
+{
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_UNKNOWN         = 0,
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_BLACK_AND_WHITE = 1,
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_HUDLESS         = 2
+} NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE;
+
+typedef enum _NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_STATE
+{
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_STATE_UNKNOWN   = 0,
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_STATE_ENABLE    = 1,    //!< Toggle feature on
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_STATE_DISABLE   = 2     //!< Toggle feature off
+} NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_STATE;
+
+typedef enum _NVAPI_ANSEL_HOTKEY_MODIFIER
+{
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_HOTKEY_MODIFIER_UNKNOWN = 0,
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_HOTKEY_MODIFIER_CTRL    = 1,    //!< Use control in the hotkey combination
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_HOTKEY_MODIFIER_SHIFT   = 2,    //!< Use shift in the hotkey combination
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_HOTKEY_MODIFIER_ALT     = 3     //!< Use alternate in the hotkey combination
+} NVAPI_ANSEL_HOTKEY_MODIFIER;
+
+typedef struct NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT {
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE featureId;              //!< Id of the feature
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_STATE featureState;     //!< Whether the feature is enabled or not
+    UINT hotkey;                                //!< An optional virtual key associated with this feature
+} NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT;
+
+typedef struct NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT_V1 {
+    NvU32 version;                                                //!< Structure version
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_HOTKEY_MODIFIER hotkeyModifier;                   //!< Modifier key to use in hotkey combination
+    UINT keyEnable;                                               //!< VKEY to enable/disable Ansel
+    UINT numAnselFeatures;                                        //!< Number of features in pAnselFeatures
+    NVAPI_ANSEL_FEATURE_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT * pAnselFeatures; //!< Array of features configurations
+} NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT_V1;
+
+typedef NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT_V1 NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT;
+
+#define NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT_V1,1)
+#define NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT_VER NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT_VER1
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_ConfigureAnsel(__in IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                         __in NVAPI_ANSEL_CONFIGURATION_STRUCT *pNLSConfig);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 8 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Tiled resource is supported for Texture2D Array, however, but only when mip packing is not triggered.
+//!                So any mip level cannot be smaller than a single tile size(64KB).
+//!                This set of API is an extension of D3D11 support for tiled resource to allow a tiled texture2D array with mip packing.
+//!                If any of API from this set is used, using all of them is highly recommended.
+//!                It includes NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray, NvAPI_D3D11_TiledTexture2DArrayGetDesc,
+//!                NvAPI_D3D11_UpdateTileMappings, NvAPI_D3D11_CopyTileMappings, NvAPI_D3D11_TiledResourceBarrier.
+//!                Reminder: all API in this set other than NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray won't has D3D Debug Layer information.
+//!
+//!                NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray is an extension of ID3D11Device::CreateTexutre2D.
+//!                Use this function to create a tiled Texture2D array with mip packing.
+//!                Runtime doesn't know the created resource is actually a tiled resource.
+//!                Any other D3D11 API where runtime will check whether resource is tiled or not has a corresponding NVAPI version and they should be used.
+//!                Different from DX12 implementation, this API should only be called when creating a tiled texture2D array with mip packing.
+//!                Other normal tiled resource following D3D spec must use the standard ID3D11Device::CreateTexutre2D to create.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice             current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]        pDesc               The Texture2D Array descriptor, ArraySize > 1 && (pDesc->MiscFlags&D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_TILED)
+//!         \param [in]        pInitialData        A pointer to an array of D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA structures that describe subresources for the 2D texture resource.
+//!         \param [out]       ppTexture2D         A pointer to a buffer that receives a pointer to a ID3D11Texture2D interface for the created texture.
+
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray(__in       ID3D11Device           *pDevice,
+                                                      __in const D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC   *pDesc,
+                                                      __in const D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA *pInitialData,
+                                                      __out      ID3D11Texture2D        **ppTexture2D);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+typedef enum _NV_D3D11_FEATURE
+{
+    NV_D3D11_FEATURE_RASTERIZER,
+} NV_D3D11_FEATURE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D11_FEATURE_DATA_RASTERIZER_SUPPORT
+{
+    BOOL TargetIndependentRasterWithDepth;
+    BOOL ProgrammableSamplePositions;
+    BOOL InterleavedSampling;
+    BOOL ConservativeRaster;
+    BOOL PostZCoverage;
+    BOOL CoverageToColor;
+} NV_D3D11_FEATURE_DATA_RASTERIZER_SUPPORT;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CheckFeatureSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function gets information about the features that are supported by the current graphics driver.
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDevice                 The device on which to query for support.
+//! \param [in]        Feature                 A member of the NvAPI_D3D11_FEATURE enumerated type that describes which feature to query for suppor.
+//! \param [in]        pFeatureSupportData     Upon completion of the method, the passed structure is filled with data that describes the feature support.
+//! \param [out]       FeatureSupportDataSize  The size of the structure passed to the pFeatureSupportData parameter.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//! \retval ::         Returns NVAPI_OK if successful; returns NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT if an unsupported data type is passed to the pFeatureSupportData parameter
+//!                    or a size mismatch is detected for the FeatureSupportDataSize parameter;
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CheckFeatureSupport(__in  ID3D11Device        *pDevice,
+                                                __in  NV_D3D11_FEATURE    Feature,
+                                                __out void                *pFeatureSupportData,
+                                                __in  UINT                FeatureSupportDataSize);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateImplicitMSAATexture2D
+//
+//! \since Release: 410
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateImplicitMSAATexture2D is a simple wrapper of ID3D11Device::CreateTexture2D 
+//!                which allows to create multisampled 2D texture that is exposed to DX runtime as non-multisampled texture.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       pDevice      Current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]       pDesc        A pointer to a D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC structure that describes a 2D texture resource.
+//!                                        To create a typeless resource that can be interpreted at runtime into different,
+//!                                        compatible formats, specify a typeless format in the texture description.
+//!                                        To generatemipmap levels automatically, set the number of mipmap levels to 0.
+//!                                        SampleDesc.SampleCount specifies actual resource sample count, while D3D runtime object
+//!                                        sees resource as non-multisampled.
+//!
+//!         \param [out]      ppTexture2D  A pointer to a buffer that receives a pointer to a ID3D11Texture2D interface for the
+//!                                        created texture.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  See MSDN for the API specific error codes.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateImplicitMSAATexture2D(__in  ID3D11Device                 *pDevice,
+                                                        __in  const D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC   *pDesc,
+                                                        __out ID3D11Texture2D              **ppTexture2D);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateImplicitMSAATexture2D
+//
+//! \since Release: 410
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedImplicitMSAATexture2D is a simple wrapper of ID3D12Device::CreateCommittedResource 
+//!                which allows to create multisampled 2D texture that is exposed to DX runtime as non-multisampled texture.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       pDevice      Current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]       pDesc        A pointer to a D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC structure that describes a 2D texture resource.
+//!                                        To create a typeless resource that can be interpreted at runtime into different,
+//!                                        compatible formats, specify a typeless format in the texture description.
+//!                                        To generatemipmap levels automatically, set the number of mipmap levels to 0.
+//!                                        SampleDesc.SampleCount specifies actual resource sample count, while D3D runtime object
+//!                                        sees resource as non-multisampled.
+//!         \param [in]       pHeapProperties, HeapFlags, InitialResourceState, pOptimizedClearValue, riidResource  See D3D12 docs
+//!
+//!         \param [out]      ppResource   Same ID3D12Device::CreateCommittedResource 
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  See MSDN for the API specific error codes.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedImplicitMSAATexture2D(
+        __in  ID3D12Device* pDevice,
+        __in  const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES *pHeapProperties,
+        D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS HeapFlags,
+        __in  const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC *pDesc,
+        D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES InitialResourceState,
+        __in_opt  const D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE *pOptimizedClearValue,
+        REFIID riidResource,
+        __out void **ppvResource);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+ 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! Valid modes for NvAPI_D3D11_ResolveSubresourceRegion() and NvAPI_D3D12_ResolveSubresourceRegion
+typedef enum _NV_RESOLVE_MODE {
+    NV_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_0,
+} NV_RESOLVE_MODE;
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_ResolveSubresourceRegion
+//
+//! \since Release: 410
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D11_ResolveSubresourceRegion is D3D11 an analog of D3D12 ResolveSubresourceRegion.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       pDstResource    Destination resource. Must be a created with the D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT flag and be single-sampled.
+//!         \param [in]       DstSubresource  A zero-based index, that identifies the destination subresource. Use D3D11CalcSubresource to calculate the index.
+//!         \param [in]       DstX            The X coordinate of the left-most edge of the destination region.
+//!                                           The width of the destination region is the same as the width of the source rect.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       DstY            The Y coordinate of the top-most edge of the destination region.
+//!                                           The height of the destination region is the same as the height of the source rect.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       pSrcResource    Source resource. Must be multisampled.
+//!         \param [in]       SrcSubresource  The source subresource of the source resource.
+//!         \param [in]       pSrcRect        Specifies the rectangular region of the source resource to be resolved.
+//!                                           Passing NULL for pSrcRect specifies that the entire subresource is to be resolved.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       Format          A DXGI_FORMAT that indicates how the multisampled resource will be resolved to a single-sampled resource.
+//!         \param [in]       ResolveMode     Specifies the operation used to resolve the source samples. NV_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_0 is the only supported mode.
+//!                                           NV_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_0 outputs sample 0 and discards all other samples.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  See MSDN for the API specific error codes.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_ResolveSubresourceRegion(
+    __in  ID3D11Device     *pDevice,
+    __in  ID3D11Texture2D  *pDstResource,
+    __in  UINT              DstSubresource,
+    __in  UINT              DstX,
+    __in  UINT              DstY,
+    __in  ID3D11Texture2D  *pSrcResource,
+    __in  UINT              SrcSubresource,
+    __in_opt const RECT    *pSrcRect,
+    __in  DXGI_FORMAT       Format,
+    __in  NV_RESOLVE_MODE   ResolveMode);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_ResolveSubresourceRegion
+//
+//! \since Release: 410
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_ResolveSubresourceRegion is D3D11 an analog of D3D12 ResolveSubresourceRegion.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       pDstResource    Destination resource. Must be a created with the D3D11_USAGE_DEFAULT flag and be single-sampled.
+//!         \param [in]       DstSubresource  A zero-based index, that identifies the destination subresource. Use D3D11CalcSubresource to calculate the index.
+//!         \param [in]       DstX            The X coordinate of the left-most edge of the destination region.
+//!                                           The width of the destination region is the same as the width of the source rect.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       DstY            The Y coordinate of the top-most edge of the destination region.
+//!                                           The height of the destination region is the same as the height of the source rect.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       pSrcResource    Source resource. Must be multisampled.
+//!         \param [in]       SrcSubresource  The source subresource of the source resource.
+//!         \param [in]       pSrcRect        Specifies the rectangular region of the source resource to be resolved.
+//!                                           Passing NULL for pSrcRect specifies that the entire subresource is to be resolved.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]       Format          A DXGI_FORMAT that indicates how the multisampled resource will be resolved to a single-sampled resource.
+//!         \param [in]       ResolveMode     Specifies the operation used to resolve the source samples. NV_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_0 is the only supported mode.
+//!                                           NV_RESOLVE_MODE_SAMPLE_0 outputs sample 0 and discards all other samples.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  See MSDN for the API specific error codes.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_ResolveSubresourceRegion(
+    __in     ID3D12GraphicsCommandList1*pCommandList,
+    __in     ID3D12Resource            *pDstResource,
+    __in     UINT                       DstSubresource,
+    __in     UINT                       DstX,
+    __in     UINT                       DstY,
+    __in     ID3D12Resource            *pSrcResource,
+    __in     UINT                       SrcSubresource,
+    __in_opt RECT                      *pSrcRect,
+    __in     DXGI_FORMAT                Format,
+    __in     NV_RESOLVE_MODE            ResolveMode);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 8 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_TiledTexture2DArrayGetDesc
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D11_TiledTexture2DArrayGetDesc is an simple wrapper of ID3D11Texture2D::GetDesc 
+//!                when pTiledTexture2DArray is created with NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray.
+//!                Runtime doesn't know the created resource is actually a tiled resource.
+//!                So calling ID3D11Texture2D::GetDesc will get a desc without D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_TILED in MiscFlags.
+//!                This wrapper API just adds D3D11_RESOURCE_MISC_TILED back.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledTexture2DArray  Pointer of tiled texture2D array to get resource desc from.
+//!         \param [out]       pDesc                 Pointer to a resource description.
+
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_TiledTexture2DArrayGetDesc(__in  ID3D11Texture2D      *pTiledTexture2DArray,
+                                                       __out D3D11_TEXTURE2D_DESC *pDesc);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 8 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_UpdateTileMappings
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D11_UpdateTileMappings is an extension of ID3D11DeviceContext2::UpdateTileMappings.
+//!                It allows pTiledResource to be a resource created with NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray, and should be used only in such case.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDeviceContext                       Must be Immediate DeviceContext.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResource                       A pointer to the tiled texture 2D array resource created by NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray.
+//!         \param [in]        NumTiledResourceRegions              The number of tiled resource regions.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResourceRegionStartCoordinates An array of D3D11_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE structures that describe the starting coordinates of the tiled resource regions. Cannot be NULL.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResourceRegionSizes            An array of D3D11_TILE_REGION_SIZE structures that describe the sizes of the tiled resource regions. Cannot be NULL.
+//!         \param [in]        pTilePool                            A pointer to the tile pool. This resource should be created by standard API.
+//!         \param [in]        NumRanges                            The number of tile-pool ranges.
+//!         \param [in]        pRangeFlags                          An array of D3D11_TILE_RANGE_FLAG values that describe each tile-pool range.
+//!         \param [in]        pTilePoolStartOffsets                An array of offsets into the tile pool. These are 0-based tile offsets, counting in tiles (not bytes).
+//!         \param [in]        pRangeTileCounts                     An array of values that specify the number of tiles in each tile-pool range.
+//!         \param [in]        Flags                                A combination of D3D11_TILE_MAPPING_FLAGS values that are combined by using a bitwise OR operation.
+
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_UpdateTileMappings(
+    __in       ID3D11DeviceContext2            *pDeviceContext,
+    __in       ID3D11Resource                  *pTiledResource,
+    __in       UINT                             NumTiledResourceRegions,
+    __in const D3D11_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE *pTiledResourceRegionStartCoordinates,
+    __in const D3D11_TILE_REGION_SIZE          *pTiledResourceRegionSizes,
+    __in       ID3D11Buffer                    *pTilePool,
+    __in       UINT                             NumRanges,
+    __in const UINT                            *pRangeFlags,
+    __in const UINT                            *pTilePoolStartOffsets,
+    __in const UINT                            *pRangeTileCounts,
+    __in       UINT                             Flags);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 8 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CopyTileMappings
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D11_CopyTileMappings is an extension of ID3D11DeviceContext2::CopyTileMappings 
+//!                It allows pDestTiledResource or pSourceTiledResource or both to be created with NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray.
+//!                It should be used only in such case.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDeviceContext                       Must be Immediate DeviceContext.
+//!         \param [in]        pDestTiledResource                   Tiled resource created by NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray to copy tile mappings into.
+//!         \param [in]        pDestRegionStartCoordinate           A pointer to a D3D11_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE structure that describes the starting coordinates of the destination tiled resource.
+//!         \param [in]        pSourceTiledResource                 Tiled resource created by NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray to copy tile mappings from.
+//!         \param [in]        pSourceRegionStartCoordinate         A pointer to a D3D11_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE structure that describes the starting coordinates of the source tiled resource.
+//!         \param [in]        pTileRegionSize                      A pointer to a D3D11_TILE_REGION_SIZE structure that describes the size of the tiled region.
+//!         \param [in]        Flags                                A combination of D3D11_TILE_MAPPING_FLAGS values that are combined by using a bitwise OR operation.
+
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CopyTileMappings(
+    __in       ID3D11DeviceContext             *pDeviceContext,
+    __in       ID3D11Resource                  *pDestTiledResource,
+    __in const D3D11_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE *pDestRegionStartCoordinate,
+    __in       ID3D11Resource                  *pSourceTiledResource,
+    __in const D3D11_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE *pSourceRegionStartCoordinate,
+    __in const D3D11_TILE_REGION_SIZE          *pTileRegionSize,
+    __in       UINT                             Flags);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 8 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_TiledResourceBarrier
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D11_TiledResourceBarrier is an extension of ID3D11DeviceContext2::TiledResourceBarrier, but only works on ID3D11Resource(no support for ID3D11View).
+//!                If pTiledResourceAccessBeforeBarrier or pTiledResourceAccessAfterBarrier or both are created by NvAPI_D3D11_CreateTiledTexture2DArray, 
+//!                NvAPI_D3D11_TiledResourceBarrier must be used instead of ID3D11DeviceContext2::TiledResourceBarrier.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDeviceContext                          Must be Immediate DeviceContext.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResourceAccessBeforeBarrier       Access operations on this resource must complete before the access operations on the object that pTiledResourceAccessAfterBarrier specifies.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResourceAccessAfterBarrier        Access operations on this resource must begin after the access operations on the object that pTiledResourceAccessBeforeBarrier specifies.
+
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_TiledResourceBarrier(
+    __in       ID3D11DeviceContext             *pDeviceContext,
+    __in       ID3D11Resource                  *pTiledResourceAccessBeforeBarrier,
+    __in       ID3D11Resource                  *pTiledResourceAccessAfterBarrier);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_AliasMSAATexture2DAsNonMSAA
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function allows creating (aliasing) a non-MSAA Texture2D object using the same memory as the given multi-sampled
+//!                texture (pInputTex). The surface created would be bloated in width and height but it will have SampleCount = 1
+//!                For 2X MSAA: OutTex.Width = InputTex.Width * 2, outTex.Height = InputTex.Height
+//!                For 4X MSAA: OutTex.Width = InputTex.Width * 2, outTex.Height = InputTex.Height * 2
+//!                For 8X MSAA: OutTex.Width = InputTex.Width * 4, outTex.Height = InputTex.Height * 2
+//!                Only textures SampleQuality = 0 can be aliased as Non MSAA
+//!                The app should ensure that original texture is released only after the aliased copy is released.
+//!
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.   
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice             current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]        pInputTex           The MultiSampled Texture2D resource that is being aliased
+//!         \param [out]       ppOutTex            The aliased non AA copy MultiSampled Texture2D resource
+//!
+//!
+//! \return :: NVAPI_OK                   if the call succeeds.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_AliasMSAATexture2DAsNonMSAA(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice,
+                                                        __in ID3D11Texture2D *pInputTex,
+                                                        __out ID3D11Texture2D **ppOutTex);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+typedef UINT NvAPI_D3D11_SWIZZLE_MODE;
+
+typedef enum _NV_SWIZZLE_MODE
+{
+    NV_SWIZZLE_POS_X = 0,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_NEG_X = 1,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Y = 2,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_NEG_Y = 3,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Z = 4,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_NEG_Z = 5,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_POS_W = 6,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_NEG_W = 7
+}NV_SWIZZLE_MODE;
+
+typedef enum _NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET
+{
+    NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_X = 0,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Y = 4,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Z = 8,
+    NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_W = 12
+}NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET;
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+#define NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX_LIMIT 32
+
+typedef enum NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_TYPE
+{
+    NV_NONE_SEMANTIC                    = 0,
+    NV_X_RIGHT_SEMANTIC                 = 1,
+    NV_VIEWPORT_MASK_SEMANTIC           = 2,
+    NV_XYZW_RIGHT_SEMANTIC              = 3,
+    NV_VIEWPORT_MASK_2_SEMANTIC         = 4,
+
+    NV_POSITION_SEMANTIC                = 5,
+    NV_CLIP_DISTANCE_0_SEMANTIC         = 6,    // MultiView can accept upto two vec4 values. So the application should not use
+    NV_CLIP_DISTANCE_1_SEMANTIC         = 7,    // more than 2 of the below Clip / Cull semantics in a single shader.
+    NV_CULL_DISTANCE_0_SEMANTIC         = 8,
+    NV_CULL_DISTANCE_1_SEMANTIC         = 9,
+    NV_GENERIC_ATTRIBUTE_SEMANTIC       = 10,
+
+    NV_PACKED_EYE_INDEX_SEMANTIC        = 17,
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX        = NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX_LIMIT,
+} NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_TYPE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+{
+    UINT                        version;                                // NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_VERSION
+
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_TYPE     NVCustomSemanticType;                   // type of custom semantic (NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_TYPE)
+    NvAPI_LongString            NVCustomSemanticNameString;             // name of custom semantic e.g. "NV_X_RIGHT", "NV_VIEWPORT_MASK"
+    BOOL                        RegisterSpecified;                      // (optional) set to TRUE to explicitly provide register number and mask as below
+    NvU32                       RegisterNum;                            // (optional) output register which has the custom semantic.
+    NvU32                       RegisterMask;                           // (optional) output register component mask which has the custom semantic (X:1, Y:2, Z:4)
+    NvU32                       Reserved;                               // reserved
+} NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC;
+
+#define NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_VERSION      MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC, 1)
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_EX_V5
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    BOOL UseViewportMask;
+    BOOL OffsetRtIndexByVpIndex;
+    BOOL ForceFastGS;
+    BOOL DontUseViewportOrder;
+    BOOL UseAttributeSkipMask;
+    BOOL UseCoordinateSwizzle;
+    NvAPI_D3D11_SWIZZLE_MODE *pCoordinateSwizzling;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL ConvertToFastGS;                               // reserved
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_EX_V5;
+
+typedef NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_EX_V5        NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_EX;
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEGEOMETRYSHADEREX_2_VER_5      MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_EX_V5, 5)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEGEOMETRYSHADEREX_2_VERSION    NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEGEOMETRYSHADEREX_2_VER_5
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateGeometryShaderEx
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D11_CreateGeometryShaderEx
+//!                                                
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function allows us to extend the creation of geometry shaders with extra bits
+//!                of functionality.
+//!                
+//!                The first parameters are identical to ID3D11Device::CreateGeometryShader() 
+//!                so please refer to its documentation for their usage.
+//!                
+//!                The new parameter is UseViewportMask which is to tell the driver to create a shader
+//!                that outputs a viewport mask instead when a viewport index is indicated.
+//!                Outputting a viewport mask allows a single primitive to land on many different viewports
+//!                as specified by the bits set in the mask, rather than to rely on a single number that tells it
+//!                which unique viewport it would be drawn on.
+//!                This can be used for example in conjunction with the setting of coordinates swizzling (see XXX_NVAPI function)
+//!                to generates multiple adjacent views of the same primitive in a more efficient fashion 
+//!                (outputting the primitive only once).
+//!                
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different 
+//!                thread than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.
+//!                
+//! \since Release: 
+//!                
+//!   \param [in]  pDevice               The device pointer
+//!   \param [in]  pShaderBytecode       A pointer to the compiled shader.
+//!   \param [in]  BytecodeLength        Size of the compiled geometry shader.
+//!   \param [in]  pClassLinkage         A pointer to a class linkage interface. Can be NULL.
+//!   \param [in]  UseViewportMask       Set to FALSE for custom semantic shaders. Tell the driver to create a shader that outputs the viewport mask in lieu of the viewport index. See above description.
+//!   \param [in]  OffsetRtIndexByVpIndex Set to FALSE for custom semantic shaders. The Rendertarget index is offset by the viewport index
+//!   \param [in]  ForceFastGS           If TRUE, GS must be written with maxvertexcount(1) and must pass-through input vertex 0 to the output without modification
+//!   \param [in]  DontUseViewportOrder  Default FALSE for Primitives batched per viewport to improve performance. Set TRUE for API order (slow).
+//!   \param [in]  UseAttributeSkipMask  reserved
+//!   \param [in]  UseCoordinateSwizzle  reserved
+//!   \param [in]  pCoordinateSwizzling  reserved
+//!   \param [in]  NumCustomSemantics    Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+//!   \param [in]  pCustomSemantics      pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+//!   \param [in]  ConvertToFastGS       reserved
+//!   \param [in]  UseSpecificShaderExt  TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+//!   \param [out] ppGeometryShader      Address of a pointer to a ID3D11GeometryShader interface. 
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateGeometryShaderEx_2(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in const void *pShaderBytecode, 
+                                                     __in SIZE_T BytecodeLength, __in_opt ID3D11ClassLinkage *pClassLinkage, 
+                                                     __in const NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_GEOMETRY_SHADER_EX *pCreateGeometryShaderExArgs,
+                                                    __out ID3D11GeometryShader **ppGeometryShader);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE) ) 
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V1
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V1;
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V2
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // reserved
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V2;
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V3
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // reserved
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V3;
+
+typedef NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V3          NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX;
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEVERTEXSHADEREX_VER_1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V1, 1)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEVERTEXSHADEREX_VER_2          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V2, 2)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEVERTEXSHADEREX_VER_3          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX_V2, 3)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEVERTEXSHADEREX_VERSION        NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEVERTEXSHADEREX_VER_3
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateVertexShaderEx
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D11_CreateVertexShaderEx
+//!                                                
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function allows us to extend the creation of vertex shaders with extra bits
+//!                of functionality.
+//!                
+//!                The first parameters are identical to ID3D11Device::CreateVertexShader() 
+//!                so please refer to its documentation for their usage.
+//!                
+//!                The new parameter are custom semantics which allow setting of custom semantic variables
+//!                in the shader
+//!
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!                
+//! \since Release: 
+//!                
+//!   \param [in]  pDevice               The device pointer
+//!   \param [in]  pShaderBytecode       A pointer to the compiled shader.
+//!   \param [in]  BytecodeLength        Size of the compiled vertex shader.
+//!   \param [in]  pClassLinkage         A pointer to a class linkage interface. Can be NULL.
+//!   \param [in]  NumCustomSemantics    Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+//!   \param [in]  pCustomSemantics      pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+//!   \param [in]  UseWithFastGS         reserved
+//!   \param [in]  UseSpecificShaderExt  TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+//!   \param [out] ppVertexShader        Address of a pointer to a ID3D11VertexShader interface. 
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateVertexShaderEx(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in const void *pShaderBytecode, 
+                                                 __in SIZE_T BytecodeLength, __in_opt ID3D11ClassLinkage *pClassLinkage, 
+                                                 __in const NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_VERTEX_SHADER_EX *pCreateVertexShaderExArgs,
+                                                 __out ID3D11VertexShader **ppVertexShader);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE) ) 
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX_V1
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // reserved
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX_V1;
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX_V2
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // reserved
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX_V2;
+
+typedef NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX_V2          NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX;
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEHULLSHADEREX_VER_1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX_V1, 1)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEHULLSHADEREX_VER_2          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX_V1, 2)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEHULLSHADEREX_VERSION        NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEHULLSHADEREX_VER_2
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateHullShaderEx
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D11_CreateHullShaderEx
+//!                                                
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function allows us to extend the creation of hull shaders with extra bits
+//!                of functionality.
+//!                
+//!                The first parameters are identical to ID3D11Device::CreateHullShader() 
+//!                so please refer to its documentation for their usage.
+//!                
+//!                The new parameter are custom semantics which allow setting of custom semantic variables
+//!                in the shader
+//!                
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!                
+//! \since Release: 
+//!                
+//!   \param [in]  pDevice               The device pointer
+//!   \param [in]  pShaderBytecode       A pointer to the compiled shader.
+//!   \param [in]  BytecodeLength        Size of the compiled hull shader.
+//!   \param [in]  pClassLinkage         A pointer to a class linkage interface. Can be NULL.
+//!   \param [in]  NumCustomSemantics    Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+//!   \param [in]  pCustomSemantics      pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+//!   \param [in]  UseWithFastGS         reserved
+//!   \param [in]  UseSpecificShaderExt  TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+//!   \param [out] ppHullShader          Address of a pointer to a ID3D11HullShader interface. 
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateHullShaderEx(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in const void *pShaderBytecode, 
+                                               __in SIZE_T BytecodeLength, __in_opt ID3D11ClassLinkage *pClassLinkage, 
+                                               __in const NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_HULL_SHADER_EX *pCreateHullShaderExArgs,
+                                               __out ID3D11HullShader **ppHullShader);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE) ) 
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V1
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V1;
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V2
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // reserved
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V2;
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V3
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // reserved
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V3;
+
+typedef NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V3          NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX;
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEDOMAINSHADEREX_VER_1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V1, 1)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEDOMAINSHADEREX_VER_2          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V2, 2)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEDOMAINSHADEREX_VER_3          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX_V3, 3)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEDOMAINSHADEREX_VERSION        NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEDOMAINSHADEREX_VER_3
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDomainShaderEx
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDomainShaderEx
+//!                                                
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function allows us to extend the creation of domain shaders with extra bits
+//!                of functionality.
+//!                
+//!                The first parameters are identical to ID3D11Device::CreateDomainShader() 
+//!                so please refer to its documentation for their usage.
+//!                
+//!                The new parameter are custom semantics which allow setting of custom semantic variables
+//!                in the shader
+//!                
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!                
+//! \since Release: 
+//!                
+//!   \param [in]  pDevice               The device pointer
+//!   \param [in]  pShaderBytecode       A pointer to the compiled shader.
+//!   \param [in]  BytecodeLength        Size of the compiled domain shader.
+//!   \param [in]  pClassLinkage         A pointer to a class linkage interface. Can be NULL.
+//!   \param [in]  NumCustomSemantics    Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+//!   \param [in]  pCustomSemantics      pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+//!   \param [in]  UseWithFastGS         reserved
+//!   \param [in]  UseSpecificShaderExt  TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+//!   \param [out] ppDomainShader        Address of a pointer to a ID3D11DomainShader interface. 
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDomainShaderEx(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in const void *pShaderBytecode, 
+                                                 __in SIZE_T BytecodeLength, __in_opt ID3D11ClassLinkage *pClassLinkage, 
+                                                 __in const NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_DOMAIN_SHADER_EX *pCreateDomainShaderExArgs,
+                                                 __out ID3D11DomainShader **ppDomainShader);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE) ) 
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX_V1
+{
+    UINT version;
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX_V1;
+
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEPIXELSHADEREX_VER_1           MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX_V1, 1)
+
+typedef struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX_V2
+{
+    UINT version;                                                       // Always use NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEPIXELSHADEREX_VERSION
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;                               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    NvU32 bEnableSuperSamplingPredicationForVRS                 : 1;    // This enables sampling within a pixel for SuperSampling mode of Variable Rate Shading for relevant attributes tagged with "sample" modifier
+    NvU32 bEnableSuperSamplingPredicationForVRSAllAttributes    : 1;    // This enables sampling within a pixel for SuperSampling mode of Variable Rate Shading for all relevant attributes
+    NvU32 reserved : 30;                                                // Reserved for further use
+} NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX_V2;
+
+typedef NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX_V2           NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX;
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEPIXELSHADEREX_VER_2           MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX_V2, 2)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEPIXELSHADEREX_VERSION         NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEPIXELSHADEREX_VER_2
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreatePixelShaderEx_2
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D11_CreatePixelShaderEx_2
+//!                                                
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function allows us to extend the creation of pixel shaders with extra bits
+//!                of functionality.
+//!                
+//!                The first parameters are identical to ID3D11Device::CreatePixelShader() 
+//!                so please refer to its documentation for their usage.
+//!                
+//!                The new parameter are custom semantics which allow setting of custom semantic variables
+//!                in the shader
+//!
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!                
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!                
+//!   \param [in]  pDevice               The device pointer
+//!   \param [in]  pShaderBytecode       A pointer to the compiled shader.
+//!   \param [in]  BytecodeLength        Size of the compiled domain shader.
+//!   \param [in]  pClassLinkage         A pointer to a class linkage interface. Can be NULL.
+//!   \param [in]  NumCustomSemantics    Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+//!   \param [in]  pCustomSemantics      pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+//!   \param [out] ppPixelShader         Address of a pointer to a ID3D11PixelShader interface. 
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreatePixelShaderEx_2(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in const void *pShaderBytecode, 
+                                                 __in SIZE_T BytecodeLength, __in_opt ID3D11ClassLinkage *pClassLinkage, 
+                                                 __in const NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_PIXEL_SHADER_EX *pCreatePixelShaderExArgs,
+                                                 __out ID3D11PixelShader **ppPixelShader);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+typedef enum _NV_FASTGS_FLAGS
+{
+    NV_FASTGS_USE_VIEWPORT_MASK             = 0x01,   // Causes SV_ViewportArrayIndex value to be interpreted as a bitmask of viewports to broadcast to.
+    NV_FASTGS_OFFSET_RT_INDEX_BY_VP_INDEX   = 0x02,   // Causes SV_RenderTargetArrayIndex value to be offset by the viewport index when broadcasting.
+    NV_FASTGS_STRICT_API_ORDER              = 0x04,   // Causes broadcast primitives to be rendered strictly in API order (slow).
+                                                      // By default, primitives may be batched per viewport to improve performance.
+} NV_FASTGS_FLAGS;
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+struct NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                   // ALWAYS == NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEFASTGSEXPLICIT_VER
+    NvU32 flags;                                     // A combination of flags from NV_FASTGS_FLAGS
+    NvAPI_D3D11_SWIZZLE_MODE *pCoordinateSwizzling;  // [optional] Array of 16 coordinate swizzle modes, one per viewport. NULL if not used.
+                                                     // The output x, y, z, and w coordinates of all vertices can be set to any of the coordinates or their 
+                                                     // negated versions i.e. {x, y, z, w, -x, -y, -z, -w}. Coordinates are swizzled before any viewport 
+                                                     // operation occurs i.e. before frustum clipping, scaling, and viewport clipping. And after 
+                                                     // last of vertex/tesselation/geometry shader stage, stream-out and viewport broadcast expansion (see NV_FASTGS_USE_VIEWPORT_MASK)
+                                                     // pCoordinateSwizzling[i] sets the swizzle-mode of each component for viewport i.
+                                                     // See NV_SWIZZLE_MODE for values of allowed swizzle modes.
+                                                     // See NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET for bit offset from where NV_SWIZZLE_MODE to be set for each component.
+                                                     // For example : 
+                                                     // 1. To set swizzle for viewport 0 such that -  w and z are unchanged and values of x and y are swapped : 
+                                                     // pCoordinateSwizzling[0] = (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_W << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_W) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Z << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Z) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_X << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Y) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Y << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_X);
+                                                     // 2. To set swizzle for viewport 0 such that -  w, z and y are unchanged and value of x is negated :
+                                                     // pCoordinateSwizzling[0] = (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_W << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_W) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Z << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Z) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Y << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Y) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_NEG_X << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_X);
+                                                     // Need to set some valid combination of swizzle-modes for all viewports, irrespective of whether that viewport is set.
+                                                     // Invalid swizzle-mode for any viewport (even if that viewport is not set) may result in removal of device.
+};
+
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEFASTGSEXPLICIT_VER1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEFASTGSEXPLICIT_VER  NVAPI_D3D11_CREATEFASTGSEXPLICIT_VER1
+
+typedef NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC_V1 NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC;
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateFastGeometryShaderExplicit
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D11_CreateFastGeometryShaderExplicit
+//!
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function will create a fast geometry shader written using an "explicit"
+//!                coding style, rather than converting a standard GS. For the explicit coding
+//!                style, the GS must be written with maxvertexcount(1), and must pass-through
+//!                input vertex 0 to the output without modification.
+//!
+//!                Additional per-primitive outputs may also be computed and written to the single
+//!                output vertex. If these outputs are read by the pixel shader, they must be
+//!                declared with the "nointerpolation" attribute in the PS input signature;
+//!                otherwise, visual corruption may occur. Also, unlike D3D API, there is no guarantee 
+//!                that pixel shader will get the default value of an attribute if that attribute is not written 
+//!                by the earlier shader stage in the pipeline.
+//!
+//!                The first four parameters are identical to ID3D11Device::CreateGeometryShader(),
+//!                so please refer to its documentation for their usage.
+//!
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.   
+//!
+//! \since Release:
+//!
+//!   \param [in]  pDevice               The device pointer
+//!   \param [in]  pShaderBytecode       A pointer to the compiled shader.
+//!   \param [in]  BytecodeLength        Size of the compiled geometry shader.
+//!   \param [in]  pClassLinkage         A pointer to a class linkage interface. Can be NULL.
+//!   \param [in]  pCreateFastGSArgs     A pointer to a NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT struct.
+//!   \param [out] ppGeometryShader      Address of a pointer to a ID3D11GeometryShader interface.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateFastGeometryShaderExplicit(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in const void *pShaderBytecode,
+                                                             __in SIZE_T BytecodeLength, __in_opt ID3D11ClassLinkage *pClassLinkage,
+                                                             __in const NvAPI_D3D11_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC *pCreateFastGSArgs,
+                                                             __out ID3D11GeometryShader **ppGeometryShader);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE) ) 
+////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateFastGeometryShader
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D11_CreateFastGeometryShader
+//!                                                
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function will convert a regular geometry shader into a fast GS variant if possible.
+//!                It will not do any validation regarding the compatibility of the resulting fast GS with any 
+//!                Pixel shader. The validation has to be done by the application manually.
+//!                
+//!                The parameters are identical to ID3D11Device::CreateGeometryShader() 
+//!                so please refer to its documentation for their usage.
+//!                
+//!                If the shader is too complex or is not in adequate form to be converted to fast GS
+//!                this function will simply fail. You should then call ID3D11Device::CreateGeometryShader() 
+//!                to create the regular geometry shader.
+//!                
+//!                This function is  free-threaded create compatible i.e. it can be called from a different thread 
+//!                than the one calling immediate device setstate functions.  
+//!                
+//! \since Release: 
+//!                
+//!   \param [in]  pDevice               The device pointer
+//!   \param [in]  pShaderBytecode       A pointer to the compiled shader.
+//!   \param [in]  BytecodeLength        Size of the compiled geometry shader.
+//!   \param [in]  pClassLinkage         A pointer to a class linkage interface. Can be NULL.
+//!   \param [out] ppGeometryShader      Address of a pointer to a ID3D11GeometryShader interface. 
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateFastGeometryShader(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in const void *pShaderBytecode, 
+                                                     __in SIZE_T BytecodeLength, __in_opt ID3D11ClassLinkage *pClassLinkage,
+                                                     __out ID3D11GeometryShader **ppGeometryShader);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) && (!defined(CINTERFACE))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_DecompressView
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function is used to decompress a surface using the currently bound programmable sample positions.
+//!
+//!                This is needed:
+//!                  - When writing to a surface in a region previously rendered by different sample positions and no clear was done.
+//!                  - When reading a surface in a shader that was rendered using non-standard sample positions.
+//!                  - When copying from a surface that was rendered using non-standard sample positions.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice             Current d3d11 device
+//!         \param [in]        pDeviceContext      Current d3d11 device context
+//!         \param [in]        pView               Current view to decompress
+//!
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK     if the call succeeds.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_DecompressView(__in ID3D11Device* pDevice, __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pDeviceContext, __in ID3D11View* pView);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! Enum for CreatePSO extensions.
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! constant 5 is assigned to two members of this enum becuase the first member name contains a typo: EXTNENSION. Please use the correctly-spelled enumerator. 
+typedef enum _NV_PSO_EXTENSION
+{
+    NV_PSO_RASTER_EXTENSION = 0,
+    NV_PSO_REQUEST_FASTGS_EXTENSION = 1,
+    NV_PSO_GEOMETRY_SHADER_EXTENSION = 2,
+    NV_PSO_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_EXTENSION = 3,
+    NV_PSO_EXPLICIT_FASTGS_EXTENSION = 4,
+    NV_PSO_SET_SHADER_EXTNENSION_SLOT_AND_SPACE = 5,
+    NV_PSO_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_AND_SPACE = 5,
+    NV_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_EXTENSION = 6,
+    NV_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_EXTENSION = 7,
+    NV_PSO_HULL_SHADER_EXTENSION = 9,
+}NV_PSO_EXTENSION;
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_V1 
+{
+    NvU32            baseVersion;         //<! Always use NV_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER
+    NV_PSO_EXTENSION psoExtension;
+};
+
+#define NV_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER     NV_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_V1   NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_RASTERIZER_STATE_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version;                           //<! Always use NV_RASTERIZER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER
+    // These are additional parameters on the top of D3D12_RASTERIZER_DESC
+    bool ProgrammableSamplePositionsEnable;  //<! enable Programmable Samples feature
+    bool InterleavedSamplingEnable;          //<! when jitter is enabled, an app need to fill the whole arrays below, otherwise only as much entries as samples
+    NvU8 SampleCount;                        //<! number of samples. In TIR N->1 it needs to match N, in non-TIR it needs to match RT sample count. Ignored if ForcePerSampleInterlock is set
+    NvU8 SamplePositionsX[16];               //<! x positions in API sample order
+    NvU8 SamplePositionsY[16];               //<! y positions in API sample order
+    NVAPI_QUAD_FILLMODE QuadFillMode;        //<! Fill a triangle outside its bounds as a screen-aligned quad, matching the tri's bounding-box or filling the full viewport.
+    bool PostZCoverageEnable;                //<! Enable pixel-shader input SV_COVERAGE to account for z-test in early-z mode.
+    bool CoverageToColorEnable;              //<! Enable output of coverage to a color render-target.
+    NvU8 CoverageToColorRTIndex;             //<! Index of RT for coverage-to-color.
+    
+    //Added with NV_RASTERIZER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_2
+    bool TargetIndepentRasterWithDepth;      //<! TargetIndepentRasterWithDepth = TRUE enables rasterezation mode where sample count of both raster and depth-stencil buffer are equal and do not match RT sample count.
+    NvU8 ForcedSampleCount;                  //<! Must be set when TargetIndepentRasterWithDepth is true - refers to SampleDesc.Count for the DSV
+    
+    //Reserved
+    NvU8 reserved[62];                       //<! reserved for expansion, set to zero.
+};
+
+#define NV_RASTERIZER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_RASTERIZER_STATE_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_RASTERIZER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_RASTERIZER_STATE_DESC_V1, 2)
+#define NV_RASTERIZER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER     NV_RASTERIZER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_2
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_RASTERIZER_STATE_DESC_V1   NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_RASTERIZER_STATE_DESC;
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                   // ALWAYS == NV_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_PSO_EXTENSION_VER
+    NvU32 flags;                                     // A combination of flags from NV_FASTGS_FLAGS
+    NvAPI_D3D11_SWIZZLE_MODE *pCoordinateSwizzling;  // [optional] Array of 16 coordinate swizzle modes, one per viewport. NULL if not used.
+                                                     // The output x, y, z, and w coordinates of all vertices can be set to any of the coordinates or their 
+                                                     // negated versions i.e. {x, y, z, w, -x, -y, -z, -w}. Coordinates are swizzled before any viewport 
+                                                     // operation occurs i.e. before frustum clipping, scaling, and viewport clipping. And after 
+                                                     // last of vertex/tesselation/geometry shader stage, stream-out and viewport broadcast expansion (see NV_FASTGS_USE_VIEWPORT_MASK)
+                                                     // pCoordinateSwizzling[i] sets the swizzle-mode of each component for viewport i.
+                                                     // See NV_SWIZZLE_MODE for values of allowed swizzle modes.
+                                                     // See NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET for bit offset from where NV_SWIZZLE_MODE to be set for each component.
+                                                     // For example : 
+                                                     // 1. To set swizzle for viewport 0 such that -  w and z are unchanged and values of x and y are swapped : 
+                                                     // pCoordinateSwizzling[0] = (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_W << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_W) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Z << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Z) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_X << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Y) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Y << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_X);
+                                                     // 2. To set swizzle for viewport 0 such that -  w, z and y are unchanged and value of x is negated :
+                                                     // pCoordinateSwizzling[0] = (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_W << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_W) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Z << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Z) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_POS_Y << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_Y) | 
+                                                     //                           (NV_SWIZZLE_NEG_X << NV_SWIZZLE_OFFSET_X);
+                                                     // Need to set some valid combination of swizzle-modes for all viewports, irrespective of whether that viewport is set.
+                                                     // Invalid swizzle-mode for any viewport (even if that viewport is not set) may result in removal of device.
+};
+
+#define NV_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_PSO_EXTENSION_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_PSO_EXTENSION_VER   NV_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_PSO_EXTENSION_VER_1
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC_V1   NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_CREATE_FASTGS_EXPLICIT_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_REQUEST_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version; //<! Always use NV_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_VER
+};
+
+#define NV_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_REQUEST_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_VER     NV_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_VER_1
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_REQUEST_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC_V1   NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_REQUEST_FAST_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC_V5 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version; //<! Always use NV_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER
+
+    BOOL UseViewportMask;                               // Set to FALSE for custom semantic shaders. Tell the driver to create a shader that outputs the viewport mask in lieu of the viewport index. See above description.
+    BOOL OffsetRtIndexByVpIndex;                        // Set to FALSE for custom semantic shaders. The Rendertarget index is offset by the viewport index
+    BOOL ForceFastGS;                                   // If TRUE, GS must be written with maxvertexcount(1) and must pass-through input vertex 0 to the output without modification
+    BOOL DontUseViewportOrder;                          // Default FALSE for Primitives batched per viewport to improve performance. Set TRUE for API order (slow).
+    BOOL UseAttributeSkipMask;                          // Reserved
+    BOOL UseCoordinateSwizzle;                          // Reserved
+    NvAPI_D3D11_SWIZZLE_MODE *pCoordinateSwizzling;     // Reserved    
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+
+    BOOL ConvertToFastGS;                               // Tell the driver to attempt to create a fast geometry shader
+
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+};
+
+#define NV_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_5   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC_V5, 5)
+#define NV_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER     NV_GEOMETRY_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_5
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC_V5       NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_GEOMETRY_SHADER_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version; //<! Always use NV_VERTEX_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // Pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+};
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V2 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V1
+{
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // Reserved
+};
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V3 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V2
+{
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with NvAPI shader extensions
+};
+
+#define NV_VERTEX_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_VERTEX_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V2, 2)
+#define NV_VERTEX_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_3   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V3, 3)
+#define NV_VERTEX_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER     NV_VERTEX_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_3
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC_V3       NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_VERTEX_SHADER_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_HULL_SHADER_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version; //<! Always use NV_HULL_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // Pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // Reserved
+};
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_HULL_SHADER_DESC_V2 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_HULL_SHADER_DESC_V1
+{
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with nvapi shader extensions
+};
+
+#define NV_HULL_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_HULL_SHADER_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_HULL_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_HULL_SHADER_DESC_V2, 2)
+#define NV_HULL_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER     NV_HULL_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_2
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_HULL_SHADER_DESC_V2       NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_HULL_SHADER_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version; //<! Always use NV_DOMAIN_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER
+
+    NvU32 NumCustomSemantics;                           // Number of custom semantics elements (upto NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC_MAX) provided in array pointer pCustomSemantics
+    NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC *pCustomSemantics;               // Pointer to array of NV_CUSTOM_SEMANTIC
+};
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V2 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V1
+{
+    BOOL UseWithFastGS;                                 // Reserved
+};
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V3 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V2
+{
+    BOOL UseSpecificShaderExt;                          // TRUE if creating minimal specific shaders with NvAPI shader extensions
+};
+
+#define NV_DOMAIN_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_DOMAIN_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V2, 2)
+#define NV_DOMAIN_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_3   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V3, 3)
+#define NV_DOMAIN_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER     NV_DOMAIN_SHADER_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_3
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC_V3       NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_DOMAIN_SHADER_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version; //<! Always use NV_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER
+    bool EnableDBT;
+};
+
+#define NV_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER     NV_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC_VER_1
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_DESC_V1       NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_DESC;
+
+
+struct NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC_V1 : public NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 version; //<! Always use NV_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC_VER
+    NvU32 uavSlot;
+    NvU32 registerSpace;
+};
+
+#define NV_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC_VER_1               MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC_VER                 NV_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC_VER_1
+
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC_V1     NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_SET_SHADER_EXTENSION_SLOT_DESC;
+
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! Enum for compute shader derivative modes
+typedef enum _NV_COMPUTE_SHADER_DERIVATIVES
+{
+    NV_COMPUTE_SHADER_DERIVATIVE_NONE = 0,                  // No support for compute derivatives
+
+    NV_COMPUTE_SHADER_DERIVATIVE_GROUP_LINEAR = 1,          // Compute derivatives supported. Quads are defined as groups of four threads with linear thread IDs of the form 4N..4N + 3
+
+    NV_COMPUTE_SHADER_DERIVATIVE_GROUP_QUADS = 2,           // Compute derivatives supported. Quads are defined as group of 2x2 thread IDs in a 2D (or 3D) CTA. In this mode
+                                                            // the app must ensure that width and height of the CTA dimension are both multiples of 2
+} NV_COMPUTE_SHADER_DERIVATIVES;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateGraphicsPipelineState
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function will create PSO with provided extensions
+//!
+//! \note   Note that "Cached PSO" functionality is not supported with the Pipeline State Object created using
+//!         this NvAPI. GetCachedBlob() should not be called with such a PSO.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice              Current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]        pPSODesc             PSO description of type D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC
+//!         \param [in]        numExtensions        Number of extensions
+//!         \param [in]        ppExtensions         Array of PSO extensions (see NV_PSO_EXTENSION  for possible extensions)
+//!         \param [out]       ppPSO                Output PSO object of type ID3D12PipelineState 
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK     if the call succeeds.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateGraphicsPipelineState(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                        __in const D3D12_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC *pPSODesc,
+                                                          NvU32 numExtensions,
+                                                        __in const NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC** ppExtensions,
+                                                        __out ID3D12PipelineState **ppPSO);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateComputePipelineState
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function will create PSO with provided extensions
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice              Current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]        pPSODesc             PSO description of type D3D12_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC
+//!         \param [in]        numExtensions        Number of extensions
+//!         \param [in]        ppExtensions         Array of PSO extensions (see NV_PSO_EXTENSION  for possible extensions)
+//!         \param [out]       ppPSO                Output PSO object of type ID3D12PipelineState 
+//!
+//! \since Release: 364
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK     if the call succeeds.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateComputePipelineState(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                       __in const D3D12_COMPUTE_PIPELINE_STATE_DESC *pPSODesc,
+                                                         NvU32 numExtensions,
+                                                       __in const NVAPI_D3D12_PSO_EXTENSION_DESC** ppExtensions,
+                                                       __out ID3D12PipelineState **ppPSO);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_SetDepthBoundsTestValues
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function will set the minDepth and maxDepth values for depth bounds test
+//!                To enable/ disable depth bounds test use PSO extension NV_PSO_ENABLE_DEPTH_BOUND_TEST_EXTENSION
+//!                in the nvapi NvAPI_D3D12_CreateGraphicsPipelineState
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pCommandList         Command List to set depth bounds test
+//!         \param [in]        minDepth             min value for depth bound test
+//!         \param [in]        maxDepth             max value for depth bound test
+//!
+//! The valid values for minDepth and maxDepth are such that 0 <= minDepth <= maxDepth <= 1
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK     if the call succeeds.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_SetDepthBoundsTestValues(__in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList *pCommandList,
+                                                     __in const float minDepth,
+                                                     __in const float maxDepth);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Tiled resource is supported for Texture2D Array, however, but only when mip packing is not triggered.
+//!                So any mip level cannot be smaller than a single tile size(64KB).
+//!                This set of API is an extension of D3D12 support for tiled resource to allow a tiled texture2D array with mip packing.
+//!                If any of API from this set is used, using all of them is highly recommended.
+//!                It includes NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource, NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap, NvAPI_D3D12_ReservedResourceGetDesc,
+//!                NvAPI_D3D12_UpdateTileMappings, NvAPI_D3D12_CopyTileMappings, NvAPI_D3D12_ResourceAliasingBarrier.
+//!                Reminder: all API in this set other than NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource won't has D3D Debug Layer information.
+//!
+//!                NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource is an extension of ID3D12Device::CreateReservedResource.
+//!                Use this function to create a tiled Texture2D array with mip packing.
+//!                Runtime doesn't know the created resource is actually a tiled resource.
+//!                Any other D3D12 API where runtime will check whether resource is tiled or not, has a corresponding NVAPI version and they should be used.
+//!                Different from DX11 implementation, we highly recommend replace all ID3D12Device::CreateReservedResource with NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource, 
+//!                and use bTexture2DArrayMipPack to control which creation to use.
+//!                Otherwise, NvAPI_D3D12_ResourceAliasingBarrier will fail if any resource is not created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource.
+//!                DX11 implementation doesn't have this restriction and resource created by NVAPI and D3D API can be used together.
+//!                pHeap is necessary when bTexture2DArrayMipPack is true. pHeap can be any heap and this API doens't change anything to it.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in]        pDesc                  A pointer to a D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC structure that describes the resource.
+//!         \param [in]        InitialState           The initial state of the resource, as a bitwise-OR'd combination of D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES enumeration constants.
+//!         \param [in]        pOptimizedClearValue   Specifies a D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE that describes the default value for a clear color.
+//!         \param [in]        riid                   The globally unique identifier (GUID) for the resource interface.
+//!         \param [out]       ppvResource            A pointer to a memory block that receives a pointer to the resource. Cannot be NULL.
+//!         \param [in]        bTexture2DArrayMipPack Whether pDesc indicates it's a texture2D array resource with mip packing.
+//!                                                   TRUE:  Use NVAPI to create. Will check pHeap to be not NULL.
+//!                                                   FALSE: Standard D3D12 API will be used, use DebugDevice to check any runtime ERROR. Won't check pHeap
+//!         \param [in]        pHeap                  A pointer to ID3D12Heap. Cannot be NULL when bTexture2DArrayMipPack is true.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource(__in       ID3D12Device           *pDevice,
+                                                   __in const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC    *pDesc,
+                                                   __in       D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES   InitialState,
+                                                   __in const D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE      *pOptimizedClearValue,
+                                                   __in       REFIID                  riid,
+                                                   __out      void                  **ppvResource,
+                                                   __in       bool                    bTexture2DArrayMipPack,
+                                                   __in       ID3D12Heap             *pHeap);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap is a safe replacement of ID3D12Device::CreateHeap with no functionality change and overhead.
+//!                In NvAPI_D3D12_UpdateTileMappings, pTilePool must be created with NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap and otherwise NvAPI_D3D12_UpdateTileMappings will fail.
+//!                In other word, any tile pool used in NvAPI_D3D12_UpdateTileMappings must be created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in]        pDesc                  A pointer to a D3D12_HEAP_DESC structure that describes the heap.
+//!         \param [in]        riid                   The globally unique identifier (GUID) for the resource interface.
+//!         \param [out]       ppvHeap                A pointer to a memory block that receives a pointer to the heap. Cannot be NULL.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap(__in       ID3D12Device     *pDevice,
+                                       __in const D3D12_HEAP_DESC  *pDesc,
+                                       __in       REFIID            riid,
+                                       __out      void            **ppvHeap);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap2
+//
+//! \since Release: 465
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap2 is a wrapper of ID3D12Device::CreateHeap
+//!                NV_D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_CPUVISIBLE_VIDMEM gives driver hint to create the heap on vidmem
+//!                only upload heaps use this flag currently, others behave exactly as ID3D12Device::CreateHeap
+//!                Best practice: Query available space in cpu visible vidmem using NvAPI_D3D12_QueryCpuVisibleVidmem 
+//!                before using this flag 
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in]        pDesc                  A pointer to a D3D12_HEAP_DESC structure that describes the heap
+//!         \param [in]        pNVHeapParams          A pointer to a NV_HEAP_PARAMS structure that gives additional NV specific resource creation information(NV_D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS below for more info)
+//!         \param [in]        riid                   The globally unique identifier (GUID) for the resource interface.
+//!         \param [out]       ppvHeap                A pointer to a memory block that receives a pointer to the heap. Cannot be NULL.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+typedef enum {
+    NV_D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_NONE             = 0,
+    NV_D3D12_HEAP_FLAG_CPUVISIBLE_VIDMEM= 1,      //!< Hint to create heap in cpuvisible vidmem
+} NV_D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS;
+
+typedef struct _NV_HEAP_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                     version;          //!<Version of structure. Must always be first member
+    NV_D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS       NVHeapFlags;      //!<Additional NV specific flags 
+} NV_HEAP_PARAMS_V1;
+
+#define NV_HEAP_PARAMS_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_HEAP_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+
+#define NV_HEAP_PARAMS_VER   NV_HEAP_PARAMS_VER_1
+typedef NV_HEAP_PARAMS_V1    NV_HEAP_PARAMS;
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap2(__in       ID3D12Device         *pDevice,
+                                        __in const D3D12_HEAP_DESC      *pDesc,
+                                        __in const NV_HEAP_PARAMS       *pNVHeapParams,
+                                        __in       REFIID               riid,
+                                        __out      void                 **ppvHeap);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_QueryCpuVisibleVidmem
+//
+//! \since Release: 465
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_QueryCpuVisibleVidmem queries total bytes and unused bytes in 
+//!                cpu visible vdmem
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [out]       pTotalBytes            Total bytes in cpu visible vidmem
+//!         \param [out]       pFreeBytes             Unused bytes in cpu visible vidmem 
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_QueryCpuVisibleVidmem(__in       ID3D12Device  *pDevice,
+                                                  __out      NvU64         *pTotalBytes,
+                                                  __out      NvU64         *pFreeBytes);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_ReservedResourceGetDesc
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_ReservedResourceGetDesc is an simple wrapper of ID3D12Resource::GetDesc when pReservedResource is created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource.
+//!                Runtime doesn't know the created resource is actually a tiled resource if bTexture2DArrayMipPack = true in NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource.
+//!                So calling ID3D12Resource::GetDesc on such resource will get a desc with D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN in Layout instead of D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_64KB_UNDEFINED_SWIZZLE.
+//!                This wrapper API just set Layout to D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_64KB_UNDEFINED_SWIZZLE if Layout is D3D12_TEXTURE_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pReservedResource  Pointer of reserved resource to get resource desc from.
+//!         \param [out]       pDesc              Pointer to a resource description.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_ReservedResourceGetDesc(__in  ID3D12Resource      *pReservedResource,
+                                                    __out D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC *pDesc);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_UpdateTileMappings
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_UpdateTileMappings is an extension of ID3D12CommandQueue::UpdateTileMappings.
+//!                pTiledResource must be created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource.
+//!                pTilePool must be created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pCommandQueue                        A pointer to ID3D12CommandQueue.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResource                       A pointer to the tiled resource created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource.
+//!         \param [in]        NumTiledResourceRegions              The number of tiled resource regions.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResourceRegionStartCoordinates An array of D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE structures that describe the starting coordinates of the tiled resource regions. Cannot be NULL.
+//!         \param [in]        pTiledResourceRegionSizes            An array of D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE structures that describe the sizes of the tiled resource regions. Cannot be NULL.
+//!         \param [in]        pTilePool                            A pointer to the resource heap created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateHeap.
+//!         \param [in]        NumRanges                            The number of tile-pool ranges.
+//!         \param [in]        pRangeFlags                          A pointer to an array of D3D12_TILE_RANGE_FLAGS values that describes each tile range. 
+//!         \param [in]        pTilePoolStartOffsets                An array of offsets into the tile pool. These are 0-based tile offsets, counting in tiles (not bytes).
+//!         \param [in]        pRangeTileCounts                     An array of values that specify the number of tiles in each tile-pool range.
+//!         \param [in]        Flags                                A combination of D3D12_TILE_MAPPING_FLAGS values that are combined by using a bitwise OR operation.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_UpdateTileMappings(
+    __in       ID3D12CommandQueue              *pCommandQueue,
+    __in       ID3D12Resource                  *pResource,
+    __in       UINT                             NumResourceRegions,
+    __in const D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE *pResourceRegionStartCoordinates,
+    __in const D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE          *pResourceRegionSizes,
+    __in       ID3D12Heap                      *pHeap,
+    __in       UINT                             NumRanges,
+    __in const D3D12_TILE_RANGE_FLAGS          *pRangeFlags,
+    __in const UINT                            *pHeapRangeStartOffsets,
+    __in const UINT                            *pRangeTileCounts,
+    __in       D3D12_TILE_MAPPING_FLAGS         Flags);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CopyTileMappings
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_CopyTileMappings is an extension of ID3D12CommandQueue::CopyTileMappings
+//!                pDstResource and pSrcResource must be created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pCommandQueue                        A pointer to ID3D12CommandQueue.
+//!         \param [in]        pDstResource                         Tiled resource created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource to copy tile mappings into.
+//!         \param [in]        pDstRegionStartCoordinate            A pointer to a D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE structure that describes the starting coordinates of the destination reserved resource.
+//!         \param [in]        pSrcResource                         Tiled resource created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedResource to copy tile mappings from.
+//!         \param [in]        pSourceRegionStartCoordinate         A pointer to a D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE structure that describes the starting coordinates of the source reserved resource.
+//!         \param [in]        pTileRegionSize                      A pointer to a D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE structure that describes the size of the reserved region.
+//!         \param [in]        Flags                                One member of D3D12_TILE_MAPPING_FLAGS.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CopyTileMappings(
+    __in       ID3D12CommandQueue              *pCommandQueue,
+    __in       ID3D12Resource                  *pDstResource,
+    __in const D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE *pDstRegionStartCoordinate,
+    __in       ID3D12Resource                  *pSrcResource,
+    __in const D3D12_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE *pSrcRegionStartCoordinate,
+    __in const D3D12_TILE_REGION_SIZE          *pRegionSize,
+    __in       D3D12_TILE_MAPPING_FLAGS         Flags);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_ResourceAliasingBarrier
+//
+//! \since Release: 375
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_ResourceAliasingBarrier is an extension of ID3D12GraphicsCommandList::ResourceBarrier, but only for D3D12_RESOURCE_ALIASING_BARRIER.
+//!                Both resource in pBarriers must be created by NvAPI_D3D12_CreateReservedTexture2DArray.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pCommandList                            A pointer to ID3D12GraphicsCommandList.
+//!         \param [in]        NumBarriers                             The number of submitted barrier descriptions.
+//!         \param [in]        pBarriers                               Pointer to an array of barrier descriptions with D3D12_RESOURCE_ALIASING_BARRIER type only.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_ResourceAliasingBarrier(
+    __in       ID3D12GraphicsCommandList *pCommandList,
+    __in       UINT                       NumBarriers,
+    __in const D3D12_RESOURCE_BARRIER    *pBarriers);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;                    //!< Structure version
+    NvU32 surfaceHandle;              //!< [OUT] driver handle for a UAV (that can be used as a cudaSurfaceObject_t)
+    NvU64 gpuVAStart;                 //!< [OUT] gpu virtual address where resource starts
+    NvU64 gpuVASize;                  //!< [OUT] virtual memory size
+} NVAPI_UAV_INFO_V1;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;                    //!< Structure version
+    NvU32 surfaceHandle;              //!< [OUT] driver handle for a UAV (that can be used as a cudaSurfaceObject_t)
+    NvU64 gpuVAStart;                 //!< [OUT] gpu virtual address where resource starts
+    NvU64 gpuVASize;                  //!< [OUT] virtual memory size
+    NvU64 outFlags;
+} NVAPI_UAV_INFO_V2;
+
+#define NVAPI_UAV_INFO_VER1 1
+#define NVAPI_UAV_INFO_VER2 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_UAV_INFO_V2, 2)
+
+#define NVAPI_UAV_INFO_VER NVAPI_UAV_INFO_VER2
+typedef NVAPI_UAV_INFO_V2 NVAPI_UAV_INFO;
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CaptureUAVInfo(__in  ID3D12Device*               pDevice,
+                                           __out NVAPI_UAV_INFO             *pUAVInfo);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< [IN]
+    NVDX_ObjectHandle hResource; //!< [IN]
+    NvU64 gpuVAStart; //!< [OUT] gpu virtual address where resource starts
+    NvU64 gpuVASize;  //!< [OUT] virtual memory size
+} NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_V1;
+
+#define NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_VER1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_VER NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_VER1
+#define NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_V1
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_GetResourceGPUVirtualAddressEx(__in  ID3D11Device *pDevice,
+                                                           __inout  NV_GET_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS *pParams);
+                                                 
+                                              
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// MetaCommands common defines
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#pragma pack(push, 4)
+
+enum NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATES
+{
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_NONE                    =        0 ,
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_IA_VERTEX_BUFFERS       = (1 <<  0),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_IA_INDEX_BUFFER         = (1 <<  1),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_IA_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY   = (1 <<  2),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_DESCRIPTOR_HEAP         = (1 <<  3),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_GRAPHICS_ROOT_SIGNATURE = (1 <<  4),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_COMPUTE_ROOT_SIGNATURE  = (1 <<  5),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_RS_VIEWPORTS            = (1 <<  6),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_RS_SCISSOR_RECTS        = (1 <<  7),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_PREDICATION             = (1 <<  8),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_OM_RENDER_TARGETS       = (1 <<  9),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_OM_STENCIL_REF          = (1 << 10),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_OM_BLEND_FACTOR         = (1 << 11),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_PIPELINE_STATE          = (1 << 12),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_SO_TARGETS              = (1 << 13),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_OM_DEPTH_BOUNDS         = (1 << 14),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_SAMPLE_POSITIONS        = (1 << 15),
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATE_VIEW_INSTANCE_MASK      = (1 << 16),
+};
+
+struct NVAPI_META_COMMAND_DESC
+{
+    GUID Id;
+    LPCWSTR Name;
+
+    // states that the initialization and execution of the metacommand will dirty
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATES InitializationDirtyState;
+    NV_D3D_GRAPHICS_STATES ExecutionDirtyState;
+};
+
+typedef NvU64 NV_META_COMMAND_BOOL;
+
+#define NV_META_COMMAND_MAX_TENSOR_DIM 5
+// dimensions (Size and Stride) are always indexed this way, irrespective of NV_META_COMMAND_LAYOUT
+// For DimensionCount = 5: N, C, D, H, W
+// For DimensionCount = 4: N, C, H, W
+
+
+#define NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_MAX_PARAMS 2
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+
+#define compile_time_assert(b)  static_assert((b), "Compile time assertion failed: "#b)
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_FLOAT32,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_FLOAT16,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_UINT32,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_COUNT,
+};
+
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN,             // opaque HW-native layout
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_STANDARD,            // NCDHW - planar / row major layout (width is inner-most dimension, batch-size N is the outermost)
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAGS : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAG_NONE = 0,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAG_DATA_STATIC = 0x1,    // data pointed by the tensor is static (i.e, won't be modified after command list recording)
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_FLOAT32,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_FLOAT16,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_MUL_FLOAT16_ADD_FLOAT32,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE DataType;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT Layout;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAGS Flags;
+    NvU64 DimensionCount;       // 4 or 5
+    NvU64 Size[NV_META_COMMAND_MAX_TENSOR_DIM];
+    NvU64 Stride[NV_META_COMMAND_MAX_TENSOR_DIM];    // only used with NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_STANDARD 
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_ELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_HARDMAX,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_HARD_SIGMOID,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_IDENTITY,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_LEAKY_RELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_LINEAR,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_LOG_SOFTMAX,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_PARAMETERIZED_RELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_PARAMETRIC_SOFTPLUS,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_RELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SCALED_ELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SCALED_TANH,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SIGMOID,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SOFTMAX,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SOFTPLUS,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SOFTSIGN,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_TANH,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_THRESHOLDED_RELU,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_DESC
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION Function;
+    float Params[NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_MAX_PARAMS];
+};
+
+#else
+
+#define compile_time_assert(b)  typedef char compile_time_assertion_failed_in_line_##__LINE__[(b)?1:-1]
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_FLOAT32,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_FLOAT16,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_UINT32,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE_COUNT,
+};
+
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_UNKNOWN,             // opaque HW-native layout
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_STANDARD,            // NCDHW - planar / row major layout (width is inner-most dimension, batch-size N is the outermost)
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAGS
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAG_NONE = 0,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAG_DATA_STATIC = 0x1,    // data pointed by the tensor is static (i.e, won't be modified after command list recording)
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_FLOAT32,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_FLOAT16,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_MUL_FLOAT16_ADD_FLOAT32,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC
+{
+    NvU64 DataType;             // NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DATA_TYPE
+    NvU64 Layout;               // NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT
+    NvU64 Flags;                // NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_FLAGS
+    NvU64 DimensionCount;       // 4 or 5
+    NvU64 Size[NV_META_COMMAND_MAX_TENSOR_DIM];
+    NvU64 Stride[NV_META_COMMAND_MAX_TENSOR_DIM];    // only used with NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_LAYOUT_STANDARD 
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_ELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_HARDMAX,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_HARD_SIGMOID,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_IDENTITY,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_LEAKY_RELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_LINEAR,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_LOG_SOFTMAX,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_PARAMETERIZED_RELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_PARAMETRIC_SOFTPLUS,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_RELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SCALED_ELU,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SCALED_TANH,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SIGMOID,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SOFTMAX,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SOFTPLUS,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_SOFTSIGN,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_TANH,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_THRESHOLDED_RELU,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_DESC
+{
+    NvU64 Function;     // NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_FUNCTION
+    float Params[NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_MAX_PARAMS];
+};
+
+#endif
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_TENSOR_DESC : NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC
+{
+    // true when the tensor isn't needed (e.g, bias is optional)
+    NV_META_COMMAND_BOOL IsNull;
+};
+
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_ACTIVATION_DESC : NV_META_COMMAND_ACTIVATION_DESC
+{
+    // true when activation isn't needed
+    NV_META_COMMAND_BOOL IsNull;
+};
+
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_MODE
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_ZEROS,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_MIRROR,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_CLAMP,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_CONSTANT,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_DESC
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_MODE Mode;
+
+    // used with NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_CONSTANT
+    float ConstantPadVal;
+};
+
+// use this enum to query resource sizes using GetRequiredParameterResourceSize() call
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_INPUT = 0,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_OUTPUT = 1,
+    
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_FILTER = 2,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_WEIGHT = 2,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_BIAS = 3,
+    
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_MATRIX_A = 0,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_MATRIX_B = 2,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_MATRIX_C = 3,
+    
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_PERSISTENT = 4,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE_TEMPORARY = 5,
+};
+
+
+// Extended version of convolution operation that performs:
+//
+// y = act ( alpha1 * conv(x) + alpha2 * z + bias )
+//
+// alpha1 and alpha2 are either scalars or if PerChannelScaling is TRUE, they are vectors of
+// same dimension as the bias tensor (vector of size equal to number of output channels)
+//
+// z (SkipConnectionResource) has same dimension as output tensor y (OutputResource).
+
+static const GUID MetaCommand_ConvolutionEx = 
+{ 0xa7666f1e, 0x9c55, 0x47ee, { 0x9e, 0xb3, 0xe1, 0x62, 0x0, 0x92, 0xd1, 0xe9 } };
+
+#define NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM 3
+// D, H, W when DimensionCount is 3
+// H, W when DimensionCount is 2
+
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION_FORWARD,  // Corresponds to regular Convolution
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION_BACKWARD, // Corresponds to ConvolutionTranspose
+    
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE_CONVOLUTION,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE_CROSS_CORRELATION,
+    
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC
+{
+    // Descriptor of the input tensor
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescIn;
+    
+    // Descriptor of the tensor acting as the filter kernel
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescFilter;
+    
+    // Descriptor of the optional bias tensor
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_TENSOR_DESC DescBias;
+    
+    // Descriptor of the output tensor
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescOut;
+    
+    // Convolution mode (CROSS_CORRELATION or CONVOLUTION)
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE Mode;
+    
+    // Convolution direction (FORWARD or BACKWARD)
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION Direction;
+    
+    // Precision at which convolution is done
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION Precision;
+    
+    // Optional activation function
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_ACTIVATION_DESC Activation;
+    
+    // Padding mode (only used when output tensor dimensions are different from input tensor dimensions)
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_DESC Padding;
+
+    // enables per channel scaling i.e, use Alpha1Resource and Alpha2Resource 
+    // instead of Alpha1 and Alpha2 below
+    NV_META_COMMAND_BOOL PerChannelScaling;
+
+    // scaling factors used when PerChannelScaling is FALSE
+    // set Alpha1 = 1.0f, Alpha2 = 0.0f for simple convolutions 
+    // that don't need scaling or skip connection
+    float Alpha1;
+    float Alpha2;
+
+    // Strides for the filter kernel position
+    NvU64 Stride[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // The distance per dimension between elements that are multiplied
+    NvU64 Dilation[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // Padding at the start of each dimension
+    NvU64 StartPadding[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // Padding at the end of each dimension
+    NvU64 EndPadding[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // Number of dimensions to which convolution occurs (2 or 3)
+    NvU64 DimensionCount;
+
+    // Number of channel groups convolved independently
+    NvU64 GroupCount;
+};
+
+#else
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION_FORWARD,  // Corresponds to regular Convolution
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION_BACKWARD, // Corresponds to ConvolutionTranspose
+    
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE_CONVOLUTION,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE_CROSS_CORRELATION,
+    
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC
+{
+    // Descriptor of the input tensor
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescIn;
+    
+    // Descriptor of the tensor acting as the filter kernel
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescFilter;
+    
+    // Descriptor of the optional bias tensor
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_TENSOR_DESC DescBias;
+    
+    // Descriptor of the output tensor
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescOut;
+    
+    // Convolution mode (CROSS_CORRELATION or CONVOLUTION)
+    NvU64 Mode;     // NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_MODE
+    
+    // Convolution direction (FORWARD or BACKWARD)
+    NvU64 Direction;    // NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_DIRECTION
+    
+    // Precision at which convolution is done
+    NvU64 Precision;    // NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION
+    
+    // Optional activation function
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_ACTIVATION_DESC Activation;
+    
+    // Padding mode (only used when output tensor dimensions are different from input tensor dimensions)
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PADDING_DESC Padding;
+
+    // enables per channel scaling i.e, use Alpha1Resource and Alpha2Resource 
+    // instead of Alpha1 and Alpha2 below
+    NV_META_COMMAND_BOOL PerChannelScaling;
+
+    // scaling factors used when PerChannelScaling is FALSE
+    // set Alpha1 = 1.0f, Alpha2 = 0.0f for simple convolutions 
+    // that don't need scaling or skip connection
+    float Alpha1;
+    float Alpha2;
+
+    // Strides for the filter kernel position
+    NvU64 Stride[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // The distance per dimension between elements that are multiplied
+    NvU64 Dilation[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // Padding at the start of each dimension
+    NvU64 StartPadding[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // Padding at the end of each dimension
+    NvU64 EndPadding[NV_META_COMMAND_NUM_SPATIAL_DIM];
+    
+    // Number of dimensions to which convolution occurs (2 or 3)
+    NvU64 DimensionCount;
+
+    // Number of channel groups convolved independently
+    NvU64 GroupCount;
+};
+#endif
+
+
+// Fused Convolution variants
+
+// supported combinations right now are: 
+//  - Convolution + Max Pooling (also optionally outputs pre-pool data)
+//  - 2x2 upsample + (optional) residual add + Convolution
+//
+// other combinations may be exposed in future
+
+static const GUID MetaCommand_ConvolutionExFused = 
+{ 0xe1b112eb, 0xdecd, 0x4ff6,{ 0x85, 0xbb, 0x1f, 0xe, 0x3a, 0xb0, 0x4, 0x14 } };
+
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE_NONE,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE_REDUCTION_MAX,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE_REDUCTION_AVG,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE_REDUCTION_MIN,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_UPSAMPLE_MODE
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_UPSAMPLE_MODE_NONE,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_UPSAMPLE_MODE_REPLICATE,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_UPSAMPLE_MODE_BILINEAR,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_UPSAMPLE_MODE_COUNT,
+};
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_SKIP_MODE
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_SKIP_MODE_NONE,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_SKIP_MODE_ADD,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_SKIP_MODE_CONCAT,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_SKIP_MODE_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_FUSE_DESC
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE PoolMode;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_UPSAMPLE_MODE UpsampleMode;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_SKIP_MODE SkipMode;
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_BOOL OutputPrepool;     // used with NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_POOL_MODE
+};
+
+// uses same structures for init and execute descriptors
+// SkipConnectionResource is used to specify the resource for pre-pool data or residual add
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_CONVOLUTION_EX_FUSED_DESC : NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_FUSE_DESC FuseDesc;
+};
+
+// make sure structure sizes match what the driver assumes
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC) == 112);
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC) == 640);
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_META_COMMAND_CONVOLUTION_FUSE_DESC) == 20);
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_CONVOLUTION_EX_FUSED_DESC) == 660);
+
+
+// GEMM (General matrix multiply)
+//
+// Y = alpha * t(A) * t(B) + beta * C,
+//
+// where t is a matrix transform option
+// 
+// If C is null, and beta is non-zero, the output 
+// matrix is used as C matrix. i.e, the operation performed is:
+// Y = alpha * t(A) * t(B) + beta * Y
+// 
+static const GUID MetaCommand_Gemm = 
+    { 0x8f9ff059, 0xfe72, 0x488e, { 0xa0, 0x66, 0xb1, 0x4e, 0x79, 0x48, 0xec, 0x8 } };
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM : NvU64
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM_NONE,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM_TRANSPOSE,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_GEMM_DESC
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescA;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescB;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_TENSOR_DESC DescC;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescOut;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION Precision;
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM TransA;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM TransB;
+    float Alpha;
+    float Beta;
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_ACTIVATION_DESC Activation;
+};
+
+#else
+
+enum NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM_NONE,
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM_TRANSPOSE,
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM_COUNT,
+};
+
+struct NV_META_COMMAND_CREATE_GEMM_DESC
+{
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescA;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescB;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_TENSOR_DESC DescC;
+    NV_META_COMMAND_TENSOR_DESC DescOut;
+    NvU64 Precision;    // NV_META_COMMAND_PRECISION
+
+    NvU64 TransA;       // NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM
+    NvU64 TransB;       // NV_META_COMMAND_MATRIX_TRANSFORM
+    float Alpha;
+    float Beta;
+
+    NV_META_COMMAND_OPTIONAL_ACTIVATION_DESC Activation;
+};
+
+#endif
+
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#endif // #if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_EnumerateMetaCommands
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Enumerates MetaCommands supported on the system
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D11 device.
+//!         \param [in/out]    pNumMetaCommands       Should be non-null. When the value pointed by pNumMetaCommands is 0 (or when pDescs is NULL), the function returns number of metacommands supported.
+//!                                                   When the value pointed is non-zero, the value indicates number of Metacommand descriptions to be populated in pDescs array.
+//!         \param [out]       pDescs                 Pointer to array where Metacommand descriptions will be returned. Can be null to indicate that the app is querying the number of supported metacommands. 
+//!                                                   Otherwise should have enough space to hold *pNumMetaCommands descriptors
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_EnumerateMetaCommands(__in                                  ID3D11Device                    *pDevice,
+                                                  __inout                               NvU32                           *pNumMetaCommands,
+                                                  __out_ecount_opt(*pNumMetaCommands)   NVAPI_META_COMMAND_DESC         *pDescs);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateMetaCommand
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Creates a MetaCommand object which can be used to execute optimized operations exposed by driver like convolutions.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                      A pointer to D3D11 device.
+//!         \param [in]        CommandId                    GUID of the operations to perform
+//!         \param [in]        pCreationParametersData      structure containing all creation parameters for the requested Metacommand
+//!         \param [in]        CreationParametersDataSize   size of parameter data structure
+//!         \param [out]       ppMetaCommand                A pointer to memory that receives the pointer to the created MetaCommand object. 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         
+//!          NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED  - The requested Metacommand is not supported.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#pragma pack(push, 4)
+struct NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE
+{
+    union
+    {
+         NVDX_ObjectHandle ResourceHandle;    // NVAPI handle of a buffer resource (use NvAPI_D3D11_GetResourceHandle to get this handle)
+         NvU64             unused;            // to get correct sturcutre size on 32 bit builds
+    };
+    NvU64 Offset;                             // offset within the resource in bytes
+};
+
+struct NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC
+{
+    // Persistent resource used as scratch space by driver
+    // it's written at time of init, and read at time of execute
+    // use GetRequiredParameterResourceSize to query its size
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE PersistentResource;
+};
+
+struct NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC
+{
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE InputResource;
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE FilterResource;
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE BiasResource;            // optional
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE OutputResource;
+
+    // Alpha1Resource and Alpha2Resource are used only when 
+    // PerChannelScaling is set. Otherwise the scalars Alpha1/Alpha2 are used
+    // should have same dimension as bias
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE Alpha1Resource;
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE Alpha2Resource;
+
+    // optional, same dimension/descriptor as output
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE SkipConnectionResource;
+
+
+    // should point to same memory that was specified at time of init
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE PersistentResource;
+    
+    // temporary resource used as scratch space by driver
+    // used for both read and write at the time of execute
+    // use GetRequiredParameterResourceSize to query its size
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE TemporaryResource;
+};
+
+// make sure structure sizes match what the driver assumes
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC) == 16);
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC) == 144);
+
+struct NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_GEMM_DESC
+{
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE PersistentResource;
+};
+
+struct NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_GEMM_DESC
+{
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE AResource;
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE BResource;
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE CResource;
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE OutputResource;
+
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE PersistentResource;
+    NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE TemporaryResource;
+};
+
+// make sure structure sizes match what the driver assumes
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_GEMM_DESC) == 16);
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D11_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_GEMM_DESC) == 96);
+
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE_(__declspec(uuid("00BF193A-117B-42BC-BBCD-E964A0EA4F2B"))ID3D11NvMetaCommand_V1, IUnknown)
+{
+    BEGIN_INTERFACE
+
+    // *** IUnknown methods ***
+    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID riid, void **ppv) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS) PURE;
+
+    // ** ID3D11NvMetaCommand methods ***
+    // Return size of parameter
+    STDMETHOD(GetRequiredParameterResourceSize)(THIS_ NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE ResourceType, NvU64 *SizeInBytes) const PURE;
+
+    END_INTERFACE
+};
+
+typedef ID3D11NvMetaCommand_V1    ID3D11NvMetaCommand;
+#define ID3D11NvMetaCommand_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(IID3D11NvMetaCommand_V1, 1)
+#define ID3D11NvMetaCommand_VER   ID3D11NvMetaCommand_VER1
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateMetaCommand(__in                                     ID3D11Device            *pDevice,
+                                              __in                                     REFGUID                  CommandId,
+                                              __in_bcount(CreationParametersDataSize)  const void              *pCreationParametersData,
+                                              __in                                     NvU32                    CreationParametersDataSize,
+                                              __out                                    ID3D11NvMetaCommand    **ppMetaCommand);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_InitializeMetaCommand
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Initializes the given MetaCommand with the parameters passed in
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDeviceContext                   A pointer to the d3d11 device context
+//!         \param [in]        pMetaCommand                     the MetaCommand to initialize
+//!         \param [in]        pInitializationParametersData    Structure containing parameters
+//!         \param [in]        InitializationParametersDataSize Size of the parameter structure in bytes 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_InitializeMetaCommand(__in                                          ID3D11DeviceContext       *pDeviceContext,
+                                                  __in                                          ID3D11NvMetaCommand       *pMetaCommand,
+                                                  __in_bcount(InitializationParametersDataSize) const void                *pInitializationParametersData,
+                                                  __in                                          NvU32                      InitializationParametersDataSize);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_ExecuteMetaCommand
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Executes the given MetaCommand with the parameters passed in
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDeviceContext                   A pointer to the d3d11 device context
+//!         \param [in]        pMetaCommand                     the MetaCommand to execute
+//!         \param [in]        pExecutionParametersData         Structure containing parameters
+//!         \param [in]        ExecutionParametersDataSize      Size of the parameter structure in bytes 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_ExecuteMetaCommand(__in                                          ID3D11DeviceContext       *pDeviceContext,
+                                               __in                                          ID3D11NvMetaCommand       *pMetaCommand,
+                                               __in_bcount(ExecutionParametersDataSize)      const void                *pExecutionParametersData,
+                                               __in                                          NvU32                      ExecutionParametersDataSize);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_EnumerateMetaCommands
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Enumerates MetaCommands supported on the system
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in/out]    pNumMetaCommands       Should be non-null. When the value pointed by pNumMetaCommands is 0 or when pDescs is NULL, the function returns number of metacommands supported.
+//!                                                   When the value pointed is non-zero, the value indicates number of Metacommand descriptions to be populated in pDescs array.
+//!         \param [out]       pDescs                 Pointer to array where Metacommand descriptions will be returned. Can be null to indicate that the app is querying the number of supported metacommands. 
+//!                                                   Otherwise should have enough space to hold *pNumMetaCommands descriptors
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_EnumerateMetaCommands(__in                                  ID3D12Device                    *pDevice,
+                                                  __inout                               NvU32                           *pNumMetaCommands,
+                                                  __out_ecount_opt(*pNumMetaCommands)   NVAPI_META_COMMAND_DESC         *pDescs);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateMetaCommand
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Creates a MetaCommand object which can be used to execute optimized operations exposed by driver like convolutions.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                      A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in]        CommandId                    GUID of the operations to perform
+//!         \param [in]        NodeMask                     GPU mask for which metacommand is to be created. Set it to 0 for single GPU systems
+//!         \param [in]        pCreationParametersData      structure containing all creation parameters for the requested Metacommand
+//!         \param [in]        CreationParametersDataSize   size of parameter data structure
+//!         \param [out]       ppMetaCommand                A pointer to memory that receives the pointer to the created MetaCommand object. 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         
+//!          NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED  - The requested Metacommand is not supported.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+#pragma pack(push, 4)
+struct NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC
+{
+    // Persistent resource used as scratch space by driver
+    // it's written at time of init, and read at time of execute
+    // use GetRequiredParameterResourceSize to query its size
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS PersistentResource;
+};
+
+struct NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS InputResource;
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS FilterResource;
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS BiasResource;             // optional
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS OutputResource;
+
+    // Alpha1Resource and Alpha2Resource are used only when 
+    // PerChannelScaling is set. Otherwise the scalars Alpha1/Alpha2 are used
+    // should have same dimension as bias
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS Alpha1Resource;
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS Alpha2Resource;
+
+   // optional, same dimension/descriptor as output
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS SkipConnectionResource;
+
+    // should point to same memory that was specified at time of init
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS PersistentResource;
+
+    // temporary resource used as scratch space by driver
+    // both written and read at time of execute
+    // use GetRequiredParameterResourceSize to query its size
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS TemporaryResource;
+};
+
+// make sure structure sizes match what the driver assumes
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC) == 8);
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_CONVOLUTION_EX_DESC) == 72);
+
+struct NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_GEMM_DESC
+{
+    NvU64 PersistentResource;
+};
+
+struct NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_GEMM_DESC
+{
+    NvU64 AResource;
+    NvU64 BResource;
+    NvU64 CResource;
+    NvU64 OutputResource;
+
+    NvU64 PersistentResource;
+    NvU64 TemporaryResource;
+};
+
+// make sure structure sizes match what the driver assumes
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_INITIALIZE_GEMM_DESC) == 8);
+compile_time_assert(sizeof(NV_D3D12_META_COMMAND_EXECUTE_GEMM_DESC) == 48);
+
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE_(__declspec(uuid("00BF193A-117B-42BC-BBCD-E964A0EA4F2B"))ID3D12NvMetaCommand_V1, IUnknown)
+{
+    BEGIN_INTERFACE
+
+    // *** IUnknown methods ***
+    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID riid, void **ppv) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS) PURE;
+
+    // ** ID3D12NvMetaCommand methods ***
+    // Return size of parameter
+    STDMETHOD(GetRequiredParameterResourceSize)(THIS_ NV_META_COMMAND_RESOURCE_TYPE ResourceType, NvU64 *SizeInBytes) const PURE;
+
+    END_INTERFACE
+};
+
+typedef ID3D12NvMetaCommand_V1    ID3D12NvMetaCommand;
+#define ID3D12NvMetaCommand_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(IID3D12NvMetaCommand_V1, 1)
+#define ID3D12NvMetaCommand_VER   ID3D12NvMetaCommand_VER1
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateMetaCommand(__in                                     ID3D12Device            *pDevice,
+                                              __in                                     REFGUID                  CommandId,
+                                              __in                                     NvU32                    NodeMask,
+                                              __in_bcount(CreationParametersDataSize)  const void              *pCreationParametersData,
+                                              __in                                     NvU32                    CreationParametersDataSize,
+                                              __out                                    ID3D12NvMetaCommand    **ppMetaCommand);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_InitializeMetaCommand
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Initializes the given MetaCommand with the parameters passed in
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pCommandList                     A pointer to D3D12 command list.
+//!         \param [in]        pMetaCommand                     the MetaCommand to initialize
+//!         \param [in]        pInitializationParametersData    Structure containing parameters
+//!         \param [in]        InitializationParametersDataSize Size of the parameter structure in bytes 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_InitializeMetaCommand(__in                                          ID3D12GraphicsCommandList *pCommandlist,
+                                                  __in                                          ID3D12NvMetaCommand       *pMetaCommand,
+                                                  __in_bcount(InitializationParametersDataSize) const void                *pInitializationParametersData,
+                                                  __in                                          NvU32                      InitializationParametersDataSize);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_ExecuteMetaCommand
+//
+//! \since Release: 400
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Executes the given MetaCommand with the parameters passed in
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pCommandList                     A pointer to D3D12 command list.
+//!         \param [in]        pMetaCommand                     the MetaCommand to execute
+//!         \param [in]        pExecutionParametersData         Structure containing parameters
+//!         \param [in]        ExecutionParametersDataSize      Size of the parameter structure in bytes 
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_ExecuteMetaCommand(__in                                          ID3D12GraphicsCommandList *pCommandlist,
+                                               __in                                          ID3D12NvMetaCommand       *pMetaCommand,
+                                               __in_bcount(ExecutionParametersDataSize)      const void                *pExecutionParametersData,
+                                               __in                                          NvU32                      ExecutionParametersDataSize);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedResource
+//
+//! \since Release: 384
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Wrapper around ID3D12Device::CreateCommittedResource to allow creation of resources according to params provided.
+//!                HTEX resource is created when NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_HTEX is set in the nvResourceFlags parameter.
+//!                NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_CPUVISIBLE_VIDMEM gives driver hint to create the resource on cpu visible vidmem
+//!                only upload resources use this flag currently, others behave exactly as ID3D12Device::CreateCommittedResource
+//!                Otherwise the function behaves exactly same as regular ID3D12Device::CreateCommittedResource.
+//!                When NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_HTEX is set, the texels are centered on integer coordinates and filtering 
+//!                and LOD are calculated based on the size minus one, which then allows the edges to filter to the exact texels on the edge, 
+//!                eliminating the border/edge filtering issue. Dimension of next mip level is CEIL(currentMipDimension/2), and size of smallest mip is 2x2.
+//!                Note that NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_HTEX can't be used for shared resources.
+//!                Best practice: Query available space in cpu visible vidmem using NvAPI_D3D12_QueryCpuVisibleVidmem 
+//!                before using NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_CPUVISIBLE_VIDMEM 
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in]        pHeapProperties        A pointer to a D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES structure that provides properties for the resource's heap.
+//!         \param [in]        HeapFlags              Heap options, as a bitwise-OR'd combination of D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS enumeration constants.
+//!         \param [in]        pDesc                  A pointer to a D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC structure that describes the resource.
+//!         \param [in]        InitialState           The initial state of the resource, as a bitwise-OR'd combination of D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES enumeration constants.
+//!         \param [in]        pOptimizedClearValue   Specifies a D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE that describes the default value for a clear color.
+//!         \param [in]        pNVResourceParams      A pointer to a structure containing additional NV specific resource creation information (see NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS below for more info on flags)
+//!         \param [in]        riid                   The globally unique identifier (GUID) for the resource interface.
+//!         \param [out]       ppvResource            A pointer to memory that receives the requested interface pointer to the created resource object. 
+//!                                                   ppvResource can be NULL, to enable capability testing. When ppvResource is NULL, no object will be created and pSupported 
+//!                                                   will be set to true when pResourceDesc is valid.
+//!         \param [out]       pSupported             optional, needed only for capability testing when ppvResource is NULL
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+typedef enum {
+    NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_NONE             = 0,
+    NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_HTEX             = 1,      //!< Create HTEX texture
+    NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_CPUVISIBLE_VIDMEM= 2,      //!< Hint to create resource in cpuvisible vidmem
+} NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS;
+
+typedef struct _NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                     version;          //!<Version of structure. Must always be first member
+    NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAGS   NVResourceFlags;  //!<Additional NV specific flags (set the NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_HTEX bit to create HTEX texture)
+} NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+#define NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS_VER_1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+
+#define NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS_VER   NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS_VER_1
+typedef NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1    NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS;
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedResource(__in       ID3D12Device             *pDevice,
+                                                    __in const D3D12_HEAP_PROPERTIES    *pHeapProperties,          
+                                                    __in       D3D12_HEAP_FLAGS         HeapFlags,
+                                                    __in const D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC      *pDesc,
+                                                    __in       D3D12_RESOURCE_STATES    InitialState,
+                                                    __in const D3D12_CLEAR_VALUE        *pOptimizedClearValue,
+                                                    __in const NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS       *pNVResourceParams,
+                                                    __in       REFIID                    riid,
+                                                    __out_opt  void                      **ppvResource,
+                                                    __out_opt  bool                      *pSupported);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetCopyableFootprints
+//
+//! \since Release: 384
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Wrapper around ID3D12Device::GetCopyableFootprints for getting correct staging resource footprint for HTEX resources
+//!                created using NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedResource / NvAPI_D3D12_CreatePlacedResource with NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_HTEX flag
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in]        pResourceDesc          A description of the resource, as a pointer to a D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC structure.
+//!         \param [in]        pNVResourceParams      A pointer to a structure containing additional NV specific resource information
+//!         \param [in]        FirstSubresource       Index of the first subresource in the resource. The range of valid values is 0 to D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES
+//!         \param [in]        NumSubresources        The number of subresources in the resource. The range of valid values is 0 to (D3D12_REQ_SUBRESOURCES - FirstSubresource).
+//!         \param [in]        BaseOffset             The offset, in bytes, to the resource.
+//!         \param [out]       pLayouts               A pointer to an array (of length NumSubresources) of D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT structures, to be filled with the 
+//!                                                   description and placement of each subresource.
+//!         \param [out]       pRowSizeInBytes        A pointer to an array (of length NumSubresources) of integer variables, each entry to be 
+//!                                                   filled with the unpadded size in bytes of a row, of each subresource.
+//!         \param [out]       pTotalBytes            A pointer to an integer variable, to be filled with the total size, in bytes.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetCopyableFootprints(__in                               ID3D12Device                        *pDevice,
+                                                  __in const                         D3D12_RESOURCE_DESC                 *pResourceDesc,
+                                                  __in const                         NV_RESOURCE_PARAMS                  *pNVResourceParams,
+                                                  __in                               UINT                                 FirstSubresource,
+                                                  __in                               UINT                                 NumSubresources,
+                                                  __in                               UINT64                               BaseOffset,
+                                                  __out_ecount_opt(NumSubresources)  D3D12_PLACED_SUBRESOURCE_FOOTPRINT  *pLayouts,
+                                                  __out_ecount_opt(NumSubresources)  UINT                                *pNumRows,
+                                                  __out_ecount_opt(NumSubresources)  UINT64                              *pRowSizeInBytes,
+                                                  __out_opt                          UINT64                              *pTotalBytes);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CopyTextureRegion
+//
+//! \since Release: 384
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Wrapper around ID3D12GraphicsCommandList::CopyTextureRegion for allowing copying to/from HTEX resources
+//!                created using NvAPI_D3D12_CreatePlacedResource with NV_D3D12_RESOURCE_FLAG_HTEX flag.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pCommandList           A pointer to D3D12 graphics command list.
+//!         \param [in]        pDst                   Specifies the destination D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION. The subresource referred to must be in the D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_DEST state.
+//!         \param [in]        DstX                   The x-coordinate of the upper left corner of the destination region.
+//!         \param [in]        DstY                   The y-coordinate of the upper left corner of the destination region.
+//!         \param [in]        DstZ                   The z-coordinate of the upper left corner of the destination region.
+//!         \param [in]        pSrc                   Specifies the source D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION. The subresource referred to must be in the D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_COPY_SOURCE state.
+//!         \param [in]        pSrcBox                Specifies an optional D3D12_BOX that sets the size of the source texture to copy.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CopyTextureRegion(__in              ID3D12GraphicsCommandList           *pCommandList,
+                                              __in const        D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION         *pDst,
+                                              __in              UINT                                 DstX,
+                                              __in              UINT                                 DstY,
+                                              __in              UINT                                 DstZ,
+                                              __in const        D3D12_TEXTURE_COPY_LOCATION         *pSrc,
+                                              __in_opt const    D3D12_BOX                           *pSrcBox);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_IsNvShaderExtnOpCodeSupported
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function checks if a nv HLSL shader extension opcode is 
+//!                supported on current hardware. List of opcodes is in nvShaderExtnEnums.h
+//!                To use Nvidia HLSL extensions the application must include nvHLSLExtns.h 
+//!                in the hlsl shader code. See nvHLSLExtns.h for more details on supported opcodes.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 364
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDev         The device on which to query for support
+//! \param [in]        opCode       the opcode to check
+//! \param [out]       pSupported   true if supported, false otherwise
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//! \retval ::         NVAPI_OK if the call succeeded
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_IsNvShaderExtnOpCodeSupported(__in  ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                          __in  NvU32 opCode,
+                                                          __out bool *pSupported);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetOptimalThreadCountForMesh
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function returns optimal thread count for mesh and task aka amplification shaders if Meshlets supported
+//!                Otherwise returns 0.
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 510
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDevice       The device on which to query thread count
+//! \param [out]       pThreadCount  optimal thread count if Meshlets supported, 0 otherwise
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//! \retval ::         NVAPI_OK if the call succeeded
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetOptimalThreadCountForMesh(__in  ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                          __out NvU32 *pThreadCount);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_IsGSyncCapable
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API gets G-Sync capability for the given device context.
+//!                This is only reliable after the first present call has completed.
+//! \param [in]    pDeviceOrContext    The D3D9, D3D10, D3D11 device, or D3D11 device context
+//! \param [in]    NVDX_ObjectHandle   The handle of primary surface
+//! \param [out]   pIsGsyncCapable     if G-Sync can be enabled, *pIsGsyncCapable is true.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS: This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_IsGSyncCapable(__in IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext, __in NVDX_ObjectHandle primarySurface, __out BOOL *pIsGsyncCapable);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!
+//! FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_IsGSyncActive
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API get the G-Sync state for the given device context.
+//!                This is only reliable after the first present call has completed.
+//!                As it is a bit time consuming, It should not be called per frame. 
+//! \param [in]    pDeviceOrContext    The D3D9, D3D10, D3D11 device, or D3D11 device context
+//! \param [in]    NVDX_ObjectHandle   The handle of primary surface
+//! \param [out]   pIsGsyncActive      if G-Sync is active, *pisGsyncActive is true.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS: This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_IsGSyncActive(__in IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext, __in NVDX_ObjectHandle primarySurface, __out BOOL *pIsGsyncActive);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_DisableShaderDiskCache
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Disables driver managed caching of shader compilations to disk
+//!
+//! \param [in]    pDevice               Device to disabled the shader disk cache on
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   Shader disk cache was disabled
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                The operation failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     Argument passed in is invalid.
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_DisableShaderDiskCache(IUnknown *pDevice);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)) 
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_MultiGPU_GetCaps
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Request to get multi GPU extension caps.
+//!
+//! \param [in/out]    pMultiGPUCaps     Pointer to a structure returning multi GPU caps
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   Call succeeded.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                Call failed.
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V1
+{
+    NvU32 multiGPUVersion;
+    NvU32 reserved;
+    NvU32 nTotalGPUs;
+    NvU32 nSLIGPUs;
+    NvU32 videoBridgePresent;
+} NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V1, *PNV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V1;
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+
+typedef struct _NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V2
+{
+    NvU32 multiGPUVersion;
+    union 
+    {
+        NvU32 reserved;
+        NvU32 version;          //!< The version of the structure
+    };
+    NvU32 nTotalGPUs;
+    NvU32 nSLIGPUs;
+    NvU32 videoBridgePresent;
+    NvU32 NvLinkPresent;
+    NvU32 fastNvLinkReads;
+} NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V2, *PNV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V2;
+
+#define NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_VER2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V2, 2)
+
+#define NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_VER    NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_VER2
+typedef NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V2     NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS;
+typedef PNV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V2    PNV_MULTIGPU_CAPS;
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+//! \ingroup dx
+
+#ifndef NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_VER
+typedef NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V1     NV_MULTIGPU_CAPS;
+typedef PNV_MULTIGPU_CAPS_V1    PNV_MULTIGPU_CAPS;
+#endif
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_MultiGPU_GetCaps(__inout PNV_MULTIGPU_CAPS pMultiGPUCaps);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_MultiGPU_Init
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Request to enable/disable multi GPU extension. Also if enabled automatically disables auto stereo.
+//!
+//! \param [in]    bEnable               if true enables the extension for all subsequently created devices. Otherwise disables it
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   Call succeeded.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                Call failed.
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_MultiGPU_Init(__in bool bEnable);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateMultiGPUDevice
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function returns ID3D11MultiGPUDevice used for multi GPU VR support
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                  current d3d device
+//!         \param [in]        version                  version of requested ID3D11MultiGPUDevice. 
+//!         \param [out]       currentVersion           pointer to returned current version of ID3D11MultiGPUDevice. 
+//!         \param [out]       ppD3D11MultiGPUDevice    pointer to returned ID3D11MultiGPUDevice. 
+//!         \param [in]        maxGpus                  max number of gpus this ID3D11MultiGPUDevice is allowed to use
+//!
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK                          if the call succeeds.
+//!           NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            if NvAPI_D3D11_MultiGPU_Init() was not enabled prior to the creation of the D3D11 device, 
+//!                                             or if maxGpus is greater than the number of GPUs in the SLI group.
+//!           NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY      on single-GPU systems, or 
+//!                                             if SLI has not been enabled in the NVIDIA control panel.
+//!           NVAPI_INVALID_CALL                if there is already an ID3D11MultiGPUDevice created for the specified ID3D11Device.
+//!           NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION if requested interface version is greater than the one that is supported by installed.
+//!                                             driver. In this case currentVersion will contain version supported by installed driver. 
+//! \endcode
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+
+#define NVAPI_COPY_ASYNCHRONOUSLY                    1
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+#define NVAPI_COPY_P2P_READ                          2
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+
+#define NVAPI_CPU_RESOURCE                  0xffffffff 
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE(ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_V1)
+{
+//////////////////////////////   VER1 methods //////////////////////////////////////////
+    STDMETHOD_(void,Destroy)(THIS) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(UINT,SetGPUMask)(THIS_ __in UINT GPUMask) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,CopySubresourceRegion)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in ID3D11Resource *pDstResource, __in UINT DstSubresource, 
+                                                   __in UINT DstGPUIndex, __in UINT DstX, __in UINT DstY, __in UINT DstZ, 
+                                                   __in ID3D11Resource *pSrcResource, __in UINT SrcSubresource, __in UINT SrcGPUIndex, 
+                                                   __in const D3D11_BOX *pSrcBox, __in UINT ExtendedFlags = 0) PURE;
+#if defined(__d3d11_1_h__)
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,CopySubresourceRegion1)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext1 *pContext1, __in ID3D11Resource *pDstResource, __in UINT DstSubresource, 
+                                                   __in UINT DstGPUIndex, __in UINT DstX, __in UINT DstY, __in UINT DstZ, 
+                                                   __in ID3D11Resource *pSrcResource, __in UINT SrcSubresource, __in UINT SrcGPUIndex, 
+                                                   __in const D3D11_BOX *pSrcBox, __in UINT CopyFlags, __in UINT ExtendedFlags = 0 ) PURE;
+#else
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,CopySubresourceRegion1)(THIS_ __in void *pContext1, __in ID3D11Resource *pDstResource, __in UINT DstSubresource, 
+                                                   __in UINT DstGPUIndex, __in UINT DstX, __in UINT DstY, __in UINT DstZ, 
+                                                   __in ID3D11Resource *pSrcResource, __in UINT SrcSubresource, __in UINT SrcGPUIndex, 
+                                                   __in const D3D11_BOX *pSrcBox, __in UINT CopyFlags, __in UINT ExtendedFlags = 0 ) PURE;
+#endif
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateSubresource)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext,__in ID3D11Resource *pDstResource, __in UINT DstSubresource, __in UINT DstGPUIndex, 
+                                               __in const D3D11_BOX *pDstBox, __in const void *pSrcData, __in UINT SrcRowPitch, __in UINT SrcDepthPitch) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,VSSetConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers,
+                                                 __in UINT *const pFirstConstant = NULL, __in UINT *const pNumConstants = NULL) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,PSSetConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers,
+                                                 __in UINT *const pFirstConstant = NULL, __in UINT *const pNumConstants = NULL) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,GSSetConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers,
+                                                 __in UINT *const pFirstConstant = NULL, __in UINT *const pNumConstants = NULL) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,DSSetConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers,
+                                                 __in UINT *const pFirstConstant = NULL, __in UINT *const pNumConstants = NULL) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,HSSetConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers,
+                                                 __in UINT *const pFirstConstant = NULL, __in UINT *const pNumConstants = NULL) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,CSSetConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers,
+                                                 __in UINT *const pFirstConstant = NULL, __in UINT *const pNumConstants = NULL) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,SetViewports)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT NumViewports, 
+                                          __in const D3D11_VIEWPORT *pViewports) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,SetScissorRects)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask, __in UINT NumRects, 
+                                            __in const D3D11_RECT *pRects) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(HRESULT,GetData)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in ID3D11Asynchronous *pAsync, __in UINT GPUIndex, 
+                                    __out void *pData, __in UINT DataSize, __in UINT GetDataFlags) PURE;
+#if defined(__d3d11_2_h__)
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateTiles)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext2 *pContext2, __in ID3D11Resource *pDestTiledResource, 
+                                        __in UINT GPUMask, __in const D3D11_TILED_RESOURCE_COORDINATE *pDestTileRegionStartCoordinate, 
+                                        __in const D3D11_TILE_REGION_SIZE *pDestTileRegionSize, __in const void *pSourceTileData, 
+                                        __in UINT Flags) PURE;
+#else
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateTiles)(THIS_ __in void *pContext2, __in ID3D11Resource *pDestTiledResource, 
+                                        __in UINT GPUMask, __in const void *pDestTileRegionStartCoordinate, 
+                                        __in const void *pDestTileRegionSize, __in const void *pSourceTileData, 
+                                        __in UINT Flags) PURE;
+#endif
+
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,CreateFences)(THIS_ __in UINT count, __out void **ppFences) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,SetFence)(THIS_ __in UINT GPUIndex, __in void *hFence, __in UINT64 value) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,WaitForFence)(THIS_ __in UINT GPUIMask, __in void *hFence, __in UINT64 value) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,FreeFences)(THIS_ __in UINT count, __in void **ppFences) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,PresentCompositingConfig )(THIS_ __in IUnknown *pSwapChain, __in UINT GPUMask, 
+                                         __in const D3D11_RECT *pRects, __in UINT flags) PURE;
+//////////////////////////////   end of VER1 methods   //////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//////////////////////////////   Methods added in VER2 //////////////////////////////////////////
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,SetContextGPUMask)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT GPUMask) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,GetVideoBridgeStatus)(THIS_ __in IUnknown *pSwapChain, __in UINT* pVideoBridgeStatus) PURE;
+//////////////////////////////   end of VER2 methods   //////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//////////////////////////////   Methods added in VER3 //////////////////////////////////////////
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,CreateMultiGPUConstantBuffer)(THIS_ __in const D3D11_BUFFER_DESC *pDesc, __in_opt const D3D11_SUBRESOURCE_DATA **ppInitialData, __out ID3D11Buffer **ppBuffer) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,ReleaseMultiGPUConstantBuffer)(THIS_ __in ID3D11Buffer *pBuffer) PURE;
+    
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Following XXSetMGPUConstantBuffers work the same way as DX XXSetConstantBuffers
+    // The difference is that 
+    // 1. They are setting constant buffers on GPUs that are defined by 
+    //    current GPU mask that is set via SetGPUMask.
+    // 2. For constant buffer created via CreateMultiGPUConstantBuffer these calls set GPU specific constant buffer.
+    // 3. For regular constant buffers these calls set the same constant buffer on all GPUs defined by 1.
+    // 4. If these functions are called in deferred context then GPUs are defined as GlobalGPUmask&LocalGPUMask
+    //      where GlobalGPUmask is GPUMask set before CL execution
+    //      and  LocalGPUMask is current GPUMask set in  CL.
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,VSSetMGPUConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,PSSetMGPUConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,GSSetMGPUConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,DSSetMGPUConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,HSSetMGPUConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,CSSetMGPUConstantBuffers)(THIS_ __in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in UINT StartSlot, 
+                                                 __in UINT NumBuffers, __in ID3D11Buffer *const *ppConstantBuffers) PURE;
+    
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateConstantBuffer)(__in ID3D11DeviceContext *pContext, __in ID3D11Buffer *pBuffer, __in const void *pSrcData, __in_opt UINT GPUMask = 0) PURE;
+ //////////////////////////////   end of VER3 methods   //////////////////////////////////////////
+};
+
+//! Synchronization macros based on fences.
+#define FENCE_SYNCHRONIZATION_START(pMultiGPUDevice, hFence, Value, srcGpu, dstGpu) \
+    pMultiGPUDevice->SetFence(dstGpu, hFence, Value); \
+    pMultiGPUDevice->WaitForFence(1 << (srcGpu), hFence, Value); \
+    Value++;
+
+#define FENCE_SYNCHRONIZATION_END(pMultiGPUDevice, hFence, Value, srcGpu, dstGpu) \
+    pMultiGPUDevice->SetFence(srcGpu, hFence, Value); \
+    pMultiGPUDevice->WaitForFence(1 << (dstGpu), hFence, Value); \
+    Value++;
+    
+//! PresentCompositingConfig method flags.
+#define NVAPI_PRESENT_COMPOSITING_CONFIG_FLAG_USE_VIDEO_BRIDGE          0x01
+#define NVAPI_PRESENT_COMPOSITING_CONFIG_FLAG_CLEAR_OUTBANDS            0x02
+#define NVAPI_PRESENT_COMPOSITING_CONFIG_FLAG_GET_VIDEO_BRIDGE_STATUS   0x80000000
+
+#define NVAPI_VIDEO_BRIDGE_STATUS_AVAILABLE       0
+#define NVAPI_VIDEO_BRIDGE_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE   1
+#define NVAPI_VIDEO_BRIDGE_STATUS_FAILED_ACCESS   2
+#define NVAPI_VIDEO_BRIDGE_STATUS_UNKNOWN         3
+
+#define NVAPI_ALL_GPUS              0
+typedef ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_V1     ID3D11MultiGPUDevice;
+
+#define ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_V1, 1)
+#define ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_VER2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_V1, 2)
+#define ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_VER3   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_V1, 3)
+#define ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_VER    ID3D11MultiGPUDevice_VER3
+
+#define ALL_GPUS 0
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateMultiGPUDevice(__in ID3D11Device *pDevice, __in ULONG version, __out ULONG *currentVersion, __out ID3D11MultiGPUDevice **ppD3D11MultiGPUDevice, __in UINT maxGpus=ALL_GPUS);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used to query the support of Single Pass Stereo HW feature
+//! \ingroup dx 
+typedef struct _NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                          // parameter struct version
+    NvU32 bSinglePassStereoSupported;                                       // Single Pass Stereo supported
+} NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V2
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                          // _IN_     parameter struct version
+    NvU32 bSinglePassStereoSupported : 1;                                   // _OUT_    Single Pass Stereo supported
+    NvU32 bSinglePassStereoXYZWSupported : 1;                               // _OUT_    Single Pass Stereo XYZW supported
+    NvU32 reserved : 30;                                                    // _INOUT_  bits reserved for future use
+} NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V2;
+
+typedef NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V2                 NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1               MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER2               MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V2, 2)
+#define NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER                NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER2
+
+#ifndef NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER
+typedef NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1                 NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1               MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER                NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_QuerySinglePassStereoSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the support of Single Pass Stereo feature on current setup and returns appropriate boolean value.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                                 The ID3D11Device to use.
+//! \param [inout]  pSinglePassStereoSupportedParams        Stores value of whether Single Pass Stereo is supported on current setup or not.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                        Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_QuerySinglePassStereoSupport(__in IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                                __inout NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS *pQuerySinglePassStereoSupportedParams);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetSinglePassStereoMode
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Set the Single Pass Stereo state
+//!
+//! \note   Note that this is an asynchronous function and returns NVAPI_OK if all arguments are valid.
+//!         Returned value NVAPI_OK does not reflect that Single Pass Stereo is supported or is set in hardware.
+//!         One must call NvAPI_D3D_QuerySinglePassStereoSupport() to confirm that the current setup
+//!         supports Single Pass Stereo before calling this set-function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDevOrContext                  The ID3D11Device or ID3D11DeviceContext to use.
+//! \param [in]  numViews                       Number of views to render.
+//! \param [in]  renderTargetIndexOffset        Offset between render targets of the different views.
+//! \param [in]  independentViewportMaskEnable  Is the independent viewport mask enabled.
+//!                
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                        Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetSinglePassStereoMode(__in IUnknown *pDevOrContext, __in NvU32 numViews, __in NvU32 renderTargetIndexOffset, __in NvU8 independentViewportMaskEnable);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_QuerySinglePassStereoSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the support of Single Pass Stereo feature on current setup and returns appropriate boolean value.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                                 The IDirect3DDevice12 to use.
+//! \param [inout]  pQuerySinglePassStereoSupportedParams   Stores value of whether Single Pass Stereo is supported on current setup or not.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                                       Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                                    Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT                         One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_QuerySinglePassStereoSupport(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                         __inout NV_QUERY_SINGLE_PASS_STEREO_SUPPORT_PARAMS *pQuerySinglePassStereoSupportedParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_SetSinglePassStereoMode
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Set the Single Pass Stereo state.
+//!
+//! \note   Note that Single Pass Stereo state persists on a particular CommandList till it is closed.
+//!         The state is reset to default (disabled) for every newly created CommandList.
+//!         One must call NvAPI_D3D12_QuerySinglePassStereoSupport() to confirm that the current setup
+//!         supports Single Pass Stereo before calling this set-function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pCommandList                   The command list in which we will add push buffer commmands for enabling Single Pass Stereo feature
+//!                                             Note: Command list of type D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_BUNDLE is not allowed for setting the state of this feature.
+//! \param [in]  numViews                       Number of views to render.
+//! \param [in]  RenderTargetIndexOffset        Offset between render targets of the different views.
+//! \param [in]  IndependentViewportMaskEnable  Is the independent viewport mask enabled.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                        Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_SetSinglePassStereoMode(__in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* pCommandList,
+                                                    __in NvU32 numViews,
+                                                    __in NvU32 renderTargetIndexOffset,
+                                                    __in NvU8 independentViewportMaskEnable);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used to query the support of MultiView HW feature
+//! \ingroup dx 
+
+typedef struct _NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                              //  _IN_     parameter struct version
+    NvU32 bMultiViewSupported : 1;                              //  _OUT_    MultiView supported (Render 4 views in a single pass)
+    NvU32 bSinglePassStereoSupported : 1;                       //  _OUT_    StereoX supported (Render 2 views in a single pass)
+    NvU32 bSinglePassStereoXYZWSupported : 1;                   //  _OUT_    StereoXYZW supported (Render 2 views in a single pass)
+    NvU32 reserved : 29;                                        //  _INOUT_  bits reserved for future use
+} NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1                    NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1                  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER                   NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1
+#define NV_MULTIVIEW_MAX_SUPPORTED_VIEWS                        4
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_QueryMultiViewSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the support of MultiView feature on current setup and returns appropriate boolean value.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since          Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                                 The ID3D11Device to use.
+//! \param [inout]  pMultiViewSupportedParams               Stores value of whether MultiView is supported on current setup or not.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_QueryMultiViewSupport(__in IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                                __inout NV_QUERY_MULTIVIEW_SUPPORT_PARAMS *pQueryMultiViewSupportedParams);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used for setting the Mode for MultiView HW Feature.
+//! \ingroup dx 
+typedef struct _NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                                 // _IN_  parameter struct version
+    NvU32 numViews;                                                                // _IN_  Number of views to render.
+    NvU32 renderTargetIndexOffset[NV_MULTIVIEW_MAX_SUPPORTED_VIEWS];               // _IN_  Offset between render targets for each of the per views.
+    NvU8  independentViewportMaskEnable;                                           // _IN_  Is the independent viewport mask enabled.
+} NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS_V1                                       NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS;
+#define NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS_VER1                                     MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS_VER                                      NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetMultiViewMode
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Set the MultiView state
+//!
+//! \note   Note that this is an asynchronous function and returns NVAPI_OK if all arguments are valid.
+//!         Returned value NVAPI_OK does not reflect that MultiView is supported or is set in hardware.
+//!         One must call NvAPI_D3D_QueryMultiViewSupport() to confirm that the current setup
+//!         supports MultiView before calling this set-function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since          Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDevOrContext                      The ID3D11Device or ID3D11DeviceContext to use.
+//! \param [in]  pMultiViewParams                   MultiView Params
+//!                
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetMultiViewMode(__in IUnknown *pDevOrContext, __in NV_MULTIVIEW_PARAMS *pMultiViewParams);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used to query the support of Lens Matched Shading HW feature
+//! \ingroup dx 
+typedef struct _NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                 // parameter struct version
+    NvU32 bModifiedWSupported;                                     // Modified W supported
+} NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1               NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1             MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER              NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_QueryModifiedWSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the support of Modified W feature on current setup and returns appropriate boolean value.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                             The ID3D11Device to use.
+//! \param [inout]  pQueryModifiedWSupportedParams      Stores value of whether Modified W is supported on current setup or not.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                        Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_QueryModifiedWSupport(__in IUnknown *pDev,
+                                            __inout NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS *pQueryModifiedWSupportedParams);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#define NV_MODIFIED_W_MAX_VIEWPORTS    16
+
+typedef struct _NV_MODIFIED_W_COEFFICIENTS
+{
+    float fA;                               // A coefficient in w' = w + Ax + By
+    float fB;                               // B coefficient in w' = w + Ax + By
+    float fAReserved;                       // reserved
+    float fBReserved;                       // reserved
+
+    float fReserved[2];                     // reserved
+} NV_MODIFIED_W_COEFFICIENTS;
+
+typedef struct _NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                                                 // parameter struct version
+    NvU32 numEntries;                                                              // number of valid NV_MODIFIED_W_COEFFICIENTS structs in array
+    NV_MODIFIED_W_COEFFICIENTS modifiedWCoefficients[NV_MODIFIED_W_MAX_VIEWPORTS]; // coefficients
+
+    NvU32 id;                                                     // reserved
+    NvU32 reserved[NV_MODIFIED_W_MAX_VIEWPORTS];                  // reserved
+} NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS_V1      NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS;
+#define NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS_VER1    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS_VER     NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetModifiedWMode
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Set the Modified W state and A,B coefficients for HW support
+//!
+//! \note   Note that this is an asynchronous function and returns NVAPI_OK if all arguments are valid.
+//!         Returned value NVAPI_OK does not reflect that Modified-W is supported or is set in hardware.
+//!         One must call NvAPI_D3D_QueryModifiedWSupport() to confirm that the current setup
+//!         supports Modified-W before calling this set-function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDevOrContext                  The ID3D11Device or ID3D11DeviceContext to use.
+//! \param [in]  psModifiedWParams              Modified W parameters.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                        Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetModifiedWMode(__in IUnknown *pDevOrContext, __in NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS *psModifiedWParams);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_QueryModifiedWSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the support of Modified-W feature on current setup and returns appropriate boolean value.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                         The ID3D12Device Device created by application
+//! \param [inout]  pQueryModifiedWSupportedParams  Stores value of whether Modified-W is supported on current setup or not.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                               Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                            Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT                 One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_QueryModifiedWSupport(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                  __inout NV_QUERY_MODIFIED_W_SUPPORT_PARAMS *pQueryModifiedWSupportedParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_SetModifiedWMode
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Set the Modified-W state and A, B coefficients for HW support
+//!
+//! \note   Note that Modified-W state persists on a particular CommandList till it is closed.
+//!         The state is reset to default (disabled) for every newly created CommandList.
+//!         One must call NvAPI_D3D12_QueryModifiedWSupport() to confirm that the current setup
+//!         supports Modified-W before calling this set-function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pCommandList                   The command list in which we will add push buffer commmands for enabling Modified-W feature
+//!                                             Note: Command list of type D3D12_COMMAND_LIST_TYPE_BUNDLE is not allowed for setting the state of this feature.
+//! \param [in]  pModifiedWParams               Modified-W parameters.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                        Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             One or more arguments are invalid.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_SetModifiedWMode(__in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* pCommandList,
+                                             __in NV_MODIFIED_W_PARAMS *pModifiedWParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D_CreateLateLatchObject
+DECLARE_INTERFACE(ID3DLateLatchObject_V1)
+{
+    STDMETHOD_(UINT,Release)                    (THIS) PURE;                                    //! Release the created LateLatch object and associated buffers.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,Latch)              (THIS_ __in IUnknown* pContext = NULL) PURE;    //! Request to queue the latch operation to the GPU.
+    STDMETHOD_(ID3D11Buffer*,GetD3D11Buffer)    (THIS_ __in UINT index = 0) PURE;               //! Get ID3D11Buffer* available at the given 'index'
+    STDMETHOD_(UINT,GetBufferCount)             (THIS) PURE;                                    //! Returns the number of late latch buffers created for this LateLatchObject.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateData)         (THIS_ __in void **ppData) PURE;                //! Fully update all LateLatch buffers with new data.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateData)         (THIS_ __in void *pData, __in size_t offset, 
+                                                  __in size_t size, __in UINT index = 0) PURE;  //! Partially update one of the LateLatch buffers with new data.
+};
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D_CreateLateLatchObject
+typedef ID3DLateLatchObject_V1    ID3DLateLatchObject;
+#define ID3DLateLatchObject_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3DLateLatchObject_V1, 1)
+#define ID3DLateLatchObject_VER   ID3DLateLatchObject_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32                       version;
+    NvU32                       numBuffers;                 // _IN_  Number of LateLatch buffers that the app wants to create. 
+    D3D11_BUFFER_DESC           **ppBufferDesc;             // _IN_  Description of buffers
+    ID3DLateLatchObject         **ppD3DLateLatchObject;     // _Out_ Pointer to created interface
+} NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC_V1    NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC;
+#define NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC_VER   NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_CreateLateLatchObject
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Creates a Late Latch Object interface
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 384
+//!
+//! \param [in]      pDevice                   Current ID3D11Device.
+//! \param [inout]   pLateLatchObjectDesc      Pointer to in/out structure for late latch object creation
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_CreateLateLatchObject(__in IUnknown *pDevice, __inout NV_D3D_LATELATCH_OBJECT_DESC* pLateLatchObjectDesc);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D_QueryLateLatchSupport
+typedef struct _NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32 version;                      //!< (IN)  Parameter structure version
+    NvU32 bLateLatchSupported;          //!< (OUT) LateLatch supported
+} NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1               NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1             MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER              NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_QueryLateLatchSupport
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the support of DX11 Late Latch feature on current setup.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 384
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                             Current ID3D11Device.
+//! \param [inout]  pQueryLateLatchSupportParams        Stores value of whether Late Latch is supported on current setup or not.
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_QueryLateLatchSupport(__in IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                            __inout NV_QUERY_LATELATCH_SUPPORT_PARAMS *pQueryLateLatchSupportParams);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_RegisterDevice
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Tells NvAPI about a D3D device. This must be called prior to using any DX1x
+//!                deferred-context calls.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDev                           The ID3D10Device or ID3D11Device to use.
+//!                
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_RegisterDevice(__in IUnknown *pDev);
+
+#endif //if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_MultiDrawInstancedIndirect
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Extension of DrawInstancedIndirect that takes a draw count in. The effect of this function is to loop over 
+//!                that draw count and perform the DrawInstancedIndirect operation each time, incrementing the buffer offset
+//!                by the supplied stride each time.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        *pDevContext11                  Pointer to D3D11 device context (IC or DC)
+//! \param [in]         drawCount                      Do DrawInstancedIndirect operation this many times
+//! \param [in]        *pBuffer                        ID3D11Buffer that contains the command parameters
+//! \param [in]         alignedByteOffsetForArgs       Start in pBuffer of the command parameters
+//! \param [in]         alignedByteStrideForArgs       Stride of the command parameters - must be >= 4 * sizeof(NvU32)
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_D3D_DEVICE_NOT_REGISTERED     When MultiDraw is called on a deferred context, and the device has not yet
+//!                                              been registered (NvAPI_D3D_RegisterDevice), this error is returned.
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_MultiDrawInstancedIndirect(__in ID3D11DeviceContext *pDevContext11,
+                                                       __in NvU32                drawCount,
+                                                       __in ID3D11Buffer        *pBuffer,
+                                                       __in NvU32                alignedByteOffsetForArgs,
+                                                       __in NvU32                alignedByteStrideForArgs);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_MultiDrawIndexedInstancedIndirect
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Extension of DrawIndexedInstancedIndirect that takes a draw count in. The effect of this function is to loop over 
+//!                that draw count and perform the DrawIndexedInstancedIndirect operation each time, incrementing the buffer offset
+//!                by the supplied stride each time.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        *pDevContext11                  Pointer to D3D11 device context (IC or DC)
+//! \param [in]         drawCount                      Do DrawIndexedInstancedIndirect operation this many times
+//! \param [in]        *pBuffer                        ID3D11Buffer that contains the command parameters
+//! \param [in]         alignedByteOffsetForArgs       Start in pBuffer of the command parameters
+//! \param [in]         alignedByteStrideForArgs       Stride of the command parameters - must be >= 5 * sizeof(NvU32)
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:     This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                    If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_D3D_DEVICE_NOT_REGISTERED     When MultiDraw is called on a deferred context, and the device has not yet
+//!                                              been registered (NvAPI_D3D_RegisterDevice), this error is returned.
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_MultiDrawIndexedInstancedIndirect(__in ID3D11DeviceContext *pDevContext11,
+                                                              __in NvU32                drawCount,
+                                                              __in ID3D11Buffer        *pBuffer,
+                                                              __in NvU32                alignedByteOffsetForArgs,
+                                                              __in NvU32                alignedByteStrideForArgs);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d11_1_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && ( defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) ||defined(__d3d11_h__) )
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_D3D_ImplicitSLIControl
+//
+//! This function enables/disables the SLI rendering mode. It has to be called prior to D3D device creation. Once this function is called with DISABLE_IMPLICIT_SLI
+//! parameter all subsequently created devices will be forced to run in a single gpu mode until the same function is called with ENABLE_IMPLICIT_SLI parameter. The enable 
+//! call will force all subsequently created devices to run in default implicit SLI mode being determined by an application profile or a global control panel SLI setting.
+//! This NvAPI call is supported in all DX10+ versions of the driver. It is supported on all Windows versions.
+//!
+//! \retval    NVAPI_OK                             Completed request
+//! \retval    NVAPI_ERROR                          Error occurred
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _IMPLICIT_SLI_CONTROL
+{
+    DISABLE_IMPLICIT_SLI    = 0,
+    ENABLE_IMPLICIT_SLI     = 1,
+} IMPLICIT_SLI_CONTROL;
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_ImplicitSLIControl(__in IMPLICIT_SLI_CONTROL implicitSLIControl);
+
+#endif //defined (__cplusplus) && ( defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) ||defined(__d3d11_h__) )
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetNeedsAppFPBlendClamping
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function returns whether the application needs to do FP blend clamping itself
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice              Current d3d device
+//!         \param [out]       pAppClampNeeded      If true, app needs to clamp. If false, HW does the clamping
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 375
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetNeedsAppFPBlendClamping(__in  ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                       __out bool         *pAppClampNeeded);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10
+//!
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_UseDriverHeapPriorities
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Sets the driver to override Microsoft's heap allocation priority values with Nvidia driver priority values. Use this once per process before allocating resources.
+//!
+//! \param [in] pDevice The IDirect3DDevice12 to use.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 381
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_UseDriverHeapPriorities(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice);
+
+#endif // defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS
+{
+    __in    NvU32            version;               //!< Structure version
+    __in    ID3D12Device    *pDevice;               //!< The ID3D12Device created by application.
+    __in    ID3D12Resource  *pSwapChainBuffer;      //!< The ID3D12Resource part of the application swap chain that has companion allocations.
+    __in    NvU32            companionBufferCount;  //!< The number of ID3D12Resource pointers requested to be returned in the ppComanionResources array, which should match ID3D12Device::GetNodeCount for the complete set of companion allocations.
+    __inout ID3D12Resource **ppCompanionResources;  //!< An array of ID3D12Resource pointers sized to match companionBufferCount, which will receive the companion allocations.
+} NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS_V1              NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS;
+#define NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS_VER1            MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS_VER             NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_Mosaic_GetCompanionAllocations
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the driver for internally created allocations that accompany a swap chain buffer for present-related operations.
+//!                Surfaces returned by this interface must be destroied at the same time that the original swap chain buffer is destroyed.
+//!                In general this occurs prior to a ResizeBuffers call, or when the swap chain is released.
+//!                Note that this function only works in Landscape orientation due to Windows behavior, and attempts to utilize it with any type of display
+//!                rotation will result in failure.
+//!
+//! \param [inout]  companionBufferCount            The parameters for this function.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                               Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                            Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT                 One or more arguments are invalid.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_CALL                     System configuration does not support this interface (eg, display is rotated, mosaic not enabled, etc)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_Mosaic_GetCompanionAllocations(__inout NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETCOMPANIONALLOCATIONS *params);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS
+{
+    __in    NvU32                                     version;              //!< Structure version
+    __in    ID3D12Device                             *pDevice;              //!< The ID3D12Device created by application.
+    __in    ID3D12Resource                           *pSwapChainBuffer;     //!< The ID3D12Resource part of the application swap chain.
+    __inout NvU32                                    *pPartitionCount;      //!< A variable to receive the number of NV_MGPU_MOSAIC_DISPLAY_SURFACE_PARTITION elements returned or that holds the size of pPartitions when it is non-NULL.
+    __inout RECT                                     *pViewport;            //!< An optional array to hold the viewport information per partition. When this is valid pNodeMask must also be valid.
+    __inout NvU32                                    *pNodeMask;            //!< An optional array to hold the GPU mask where this viewport must be valid per partition. When this is valid pViewport must also be valid.
+} NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS_V1          NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS;
+#define NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS_VER         NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_Mosaic_GetViewportAndGpuPartitions
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Queries the driver for how a swap chain display surface is subdivided across devices in relation to display connectivity.
+//!                Call this interface with NULL pPartitions in order to know how many subdivisions exist and allocate the proper size to hold all data.
+//!                Call it a second time with a properly sized partitions array to receive all subdivisions along with GPU node masks of each rectangle.
+//!                Note that this function only works in Landscape orientation due to Windows behavior, and attempts to utilize it with any type of display
+//!                rotation will result in failure.
+//!
+//! \param [inout]  params                          The parameters for this function.
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                               Call succeeded.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_ERROR                            Call failed.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT                 One or more arguments are invalid.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_CALL                     System configuration does not support this interface (eg, display is rotated, mosaic not enabled, etc)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_Mosaic_GetViewportAndGpuPartitions(__inout NV_D3D12_MOSAIC_GETVIEWPORTANDGPUPARTITIONS *params);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && ( defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D1x_GetGraphicsCapabilities
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V1
+{
+    NvU32   bExclusiveScissorRectsSupported         :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether Exclusive Scissor Rects are supported or not
+    NvU32   bVariablePixelRateShadingSupported      :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether Variable Pixel Shading Rates are supported or not
+    NvU32   reservedBits                            : 30;     // Reserved bits for future expansion
+    NvU32   reserved[7];                                      // Reserved for future expansion
+} NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V1;
+
+#define NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V1, 1)
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V2
+{
+    NvU32   bExclusiveScissorRectsSupported         :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether Exclusive Scissor Rects are supported or not
+    NvU32   bVariablePixelRateShadingSupported      :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether Variable Pixel Shading Rates are supported or not
+    NvU32   bFastUAVClearSupported                  :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether UAVClear is implemented using ZBC rather than compute shader
+    NvU32   reservedBits                            : 29;     // Reserved bits for future expansion
+    NvU16   majorSMVersion;                                   //!< (OUT) Major SM version of the device
+    NvU16   minorSMVersion;                                   //!< (OUT) Minor SM version of the device
+    NvU32   reserved[14];                                     // Reserved for future expansion
+} NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V2;
+
+typedef NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V2    NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS;
+#define NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V2, 2)
+#define NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER   NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER2
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_GetGraphicsCapabilities
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Get the graphics capabilities for current hardware/software setup
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDevice              The ID3D11Device device to be used for getting the graphics capabilities.
+//! \param [in]        structVersion        Version of the caps struct. Should be set to NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER.
+//! \param [inout]     pGraphicsCaps        Pointer to a NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS_CAPS struct created by app.
+//!                                         Graphics capabilities will be filled in this struct by the driver.
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_GetGraphicsCapabilities(__in IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                                    __in NvU32 structVersion,
+                                                    __inout NV_D3D1x_GRAPHICS_CAPS *pGraphicsCaps);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d12_h__))
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D12_GetGraphicsCapabilities
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V1
+{
+    NvU32   bExclusiveScissorRectsSupported         :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether Exclusive Scissor Rects are supported or not
+    NvU32   bVariablePixelRateShadingSupported      :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether Variable Pixel Shading Rates are supported or not
+    NvU32   bFastUAVClearSupported                  :  1;     //!< (OUT) Outputs whether UAVClear is implemented using ZBC rather than compute shader
+    NvU32   reservedBits                            : 29;     // Reserved bits for future expansion
+    NvU16   majorSMVersion;                                   //!< (OUT) Major SM version of the device
+    NvU16   minorSMVersion;                                   //!< (OUT) Minor SM version of the device
+    NvU32   reserved[6];                                      // Reserved for future expansion
+} NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V1    NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS;
+#define NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER   NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetGraphicsCapabilities
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Get the graphics capabilities for current hardware/software setup
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDevice              The ID3D12Device device to be used for getting the graphics capabilities.
+//! \param [in]        structVersion        Version of the caps struct. Should be set to NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_VER.
+//! \param [inout]     pGraphicsCaps        Pointer to a NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS_CAPS struct created by app.
+//!                                         Graphics capabilities will be filled in this struct by the driver.
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetGraphicsCapabilities(__in IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                                    __in NvU32 structVersion,
+                                                    __inout NV_D3D12_GRAPHICS_CAPS *pGraphicsCaps);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+#define NV_MAX_NUM_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS    16
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetExclusiveScissorRects
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECT_DESC_V1
+{
+    bool        enableExclusiveScissorRect; //!< (IN) Control of enabling Exclusive ScissorRect per rect
+    D3D11_RECT  scissorRect;                //!< (IN) Single rect dimensions
+} NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECT_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                       version;    //!< (IN) Parameter struct version
+    NvU32                                       numRects;   //!< (IN) Number of Exclusive Scissor Rects to be set.
+                                                            //        \note Passing zero will globally disable Exclusive Scissor Rects
+                                                            //        \note Max value can be equal to NV_MAX_NUM_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS
+    NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECT_DESC_V1    *pRects;     //!< (IN) Array of NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECT_DESC with number of elements equal to Exclusive Scissor Rects
+} NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC_V1     NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC;
+typedef NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECT_DESC_V1      NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECT_DESC;
+#define NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC_VER    NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetExclusiveScissorRects
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Sets Exclusive Scissor Rects. The content bounded within the Scissor Rects
+//!              will be excluded from rendering unlike regular Scissor Rects. These are
+//!              orthogonal with Regular Scissor Rects.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pContext                     The device context (ID3D11DeviceContext) to be used for setting the Exclusive Scissor Rects.
+//! \param [in]        pExclusiveScissorRectsDesc   Description of the Exclusive Scissor Rects duly filled with their dimensions
+//!                                                 and control over enablement of individual ScissorRect
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetExclusiveScissorRects(__in IUnknown *pContext,
+                                                       __in NV_D3D11_EXCLUSIVE_SCISSOR_RECTS_DESC *pExclusiveScissorRectsDesc);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetViewportsPixelShadingRates
+
+#define NV_MAX_PIXEL_SHADING_RATES  16 // Currently only 12 Shading Rates are available
+#define NV_MAX_NUM_VIEWPORTS        16
+
+// Every element in Shading Rate Resource represents the shading rate for all pixels in the corresponding tile
+// The Shading Rate Resource dimensions must be the bound render target size divided by the tile dimensions (width/height)
+
+#define NV_VARIABLE_PIXEL_SHADING_TILE_WIDTH    16 // Width of the tile, in pixels
+#define NV_VARIABLE_PIXEL_SHADING_TILE_HEIGHT   16 // Height of the tile, in pixels
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_PIXEL_X0_CULL_RASTER_PIXELS,         // No shading, tiles are culled
+    NV_PIXEL_X16_PER_RASTER_PIXEL,          // 16 shading passes per 1 raster pixel
+    NV_PIXEL_X8_PER_RASTER_PIXEL,           //  8 shading passes per 1 raster pixel
+    NV_PIXEL_X4_PER_RASTER_PIXEL,           //  4 shading passes per 1 raster pixel
+    NV_PIXEL_X2_PER_RASTER_PIXEL,           //  2 shading passes per 1 raster pixel
+    NV_PIXEL_X1_PER_RASTER_PIXEL,           //  Per-pixel shading
+    NV_PIXEL_X1_PER_2X1_RASTER_PIXELS,      //  1 shading pass per  2 raster pixels
+    NV_PIXEL_X1_PER_1X2_RASTER_PIXELS,      //  1 shading pass per  2 raster pixels
+    NV_PIXEL_X1_PER_2X2_RASTER_PIXELS,      //  1 shading pass per  4 raster pixels
+    NV_PIXEL_X1_PER_4X2_RASTER_PIXELS,      //  1 shading pass per  8 raster pixels
+    NV_PIXEL_X1_PER_2X4_RASTER_PIXELS,      //  1 shading pass per  8 raster pixels
+    NV_PIXEL_X1_PER_4X4_RASTER_PIXELS       //  1 shading pass per 16 raster pixels
+} NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE;
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+typedef struct _NV_D3D11_VIEWPORT_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1
+{
+    bool                    enableVariablePixelShadingRate;                         //!< (IN) Control of enabling Variable Pixel Shading Rate per viewport
+    NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE   shadingRateTable[NV_MAX_PIXEL_SHADING_RATES];           //!< (IN) Lookup table of converting Shading Rate Index to NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE
+                                                                                    //        \note Shading Rate Resource View would be populated by application with indices of this table
+} NV_D3D11_VIEWPORT_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                        version;       //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32                                        numViewports;  //!< (IN) Number of viewports with shading rate set.
+                                                                //        \note Passing zero will globally disable Variable Pixel Rate Shading for all viewports immaterial of values in pViewports
+                                                                //        \note Max value can be equal to NV_MAX_NUM_VIEWPORTS
+    NV_D3D11_VIEWPORT_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1      *pViewports;    //!< (IN) Array of NV_D3D11_VIEWPORT_SHADING_RATE_DESC with number of elements equal to NumViewports
+} NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1     NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC;
+typedef NV_D3D11_VIEWPORT_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1      NV_D3D11_VIEWPORT_SHADING_RATE_DESC;
+#define NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC_VER    NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetViewportsPixelShadingRates
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Sets Pixel Shading Rates and Enables/Disables per-viewport Variable Pixel Shading Rate feature
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pContext             The device context (ID3D11DeviceContext) to be used for setting the Viewports Shading Rates
+//! \param [in]        pShadingRateDesc     Shading rate descriptor
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetViewportsPixelShadingRates(__in IUnknown *pContext,
+                                                            __in NV_D3D11_VIEWPORTS_SHADING_RATE_DESC *pShadingRateDesc);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+typedef enum _NV_SRRV_DIMENSION
+{ 
+    NV_SRRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2D           = 4,
+    NV_SRRV_DIMENSION_TEXTURE2DARRAY      = 5,
+} NV_SRRV_DIMENSION;
+
+typedef struct _NV_TEX2D_SRRV
+{
+    UINT MipSlice;
+} NV_TEX2D_SRRV;
+
+typedef struct _NV_TEX2D_ARRAY_SRRV
+{
+    UINT MipSlice;
+    UINT FirstArraySlice;
+    UINT ArraySize;
+} NV_TEX2D_ARRAY_SRRV;
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+typedef struct _NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32               version;                //!< (IN) Parameter struct version
+    DXGI_FORMAT         Format;                 //!< (IN) Format of the resource used as Shading Rate Surface. Should be either DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UINT or DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS
+    NV_SRRV_DIMENSION   ViewDimension;          //!< (IN) This declares whether the Shading Rate Surface is a simple 2D Texture or Array of 2D Textures
+    union
+    {
+        NV_TEX2D_SRRV       Texture2D;
+        NV_TEX2D_ARRAY_SRRV Texture2DArray;
+    };
+} NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_V1     NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC;
+#define NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_VER    NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC_VER1
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE_(__declspec(uuid("E14BE7F6-8FF5-4F5E-B63A-AD016EB8FBE5"))ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView_V1, ID3D11View)
+{
+    BEGIN_INTERFACE
+
+    // *** IUnknown methods ***
+    STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(THIS_ REFIID riid, void **ppv) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS) PURE;
+
+    // **** ID3D11View method **/
+    // Get Shading Rate Resource used while creating the Shading Rate Resource View
+    STDMETHOD_(void,GetResource)(THIS_ _Outptr_ ID3D11Resource **ppResource) PURE;
+
+    // ** ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView methods ***
+    // The descriptor used while creating the Shading Rate Resource View
+    STDMETHOD(GetDesc)(THIS_ NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC* pDesc) PURE;
+
+    END_INTERFACE
+};
+
+typedef ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView_V1    ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView;
+#define ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView_V1, 1)
+#define ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView_VER   ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateShadingRateResourceView
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Creates Shading Rate Resource View by taking ID3D11Resource as an input Shading Rate Surface.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDevice                      The device to be used for creating the Shading Rate Resource View
+//! \param [in]        pShadingRateResource         Shading Rate Resource on which the view is to be created.
+//!                                                 \note This should be of format DXGI_FORMAT_R8_UINT or DXGI_FORMAT_R8_TYPELESS
+//!                                                 \note This should be confined to size calculated using render target dimensions,
+//!                                                       NV_VARIABLE_PIXEL_SHADING_TILE_WIDTH and NV_VARIABLE_PIXEL_SHADING_TILE_HEIGHT
+//! \param [in]        pShadingRateDesc             Shading Rate Resource View descriptor
+//! \param [out]       ppShadingRateResourceView    Address of a pointer to ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView for returning the newly created Shading Rate Resource View
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateShadingRateResourceView(__in  ID3D11Device *pDevice,
+                                                          __in  ID3D11Resource *pShadingRateResource,
+                                                          __in  NV_D3D11_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC *pShadingRateResourceViewDesc,
+                                                          __out ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView **ppShadingRateResourceView);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetShadingRateResourceView
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Sets Shading Rate Resource View
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pContext                     The device context (ID3D11DeviceContext) used for setting the Shading Rate Resource View
+//! \param [out]       pShadingRateResourceView     Shading Rate Resource View to be set
+//!                                                 \note See NvAPI_D3D11_CreateShadingRateResourceView
+//!                                                 \note Passing this as null will reset Shading Rate Resource View to defaults
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetShadingRateResourceView(__in IUnknown *pContext,
+                                                         __in ID3D11NvShadingRateResourceView *pShadingRateResourceView);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! See NvAPI_D3D11_RSGetPixelShadingRateSampleOrder
+//! See NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetPixelShadingRateSampleOrder
+
+// X, Y = sample position. S = sample number.
+// The inner-most dimension is the sample number, followed by X and Y.
+
+typedef struct _NV_PIXEL_SRSO_1x2
+{
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_1x2_X1 { NvU8 Y[2];         } X1;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_1x2_X2 { NvU8 YS[2][2];     } X2;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_1x2_X4 { NvU8 YS[2][4];     } X4;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_1x2_X8 { NvU8 YS[2][8];     } X8;
+} NV_PIXEL_SRSO_1x2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x1
+{
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x1_X1 { NvU8 X[2];         } X1;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x1_X2 { NvU8 XS[2][2];     } X2;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x1_X4 { NvU8 XS[2][4];     } X4;
+} NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x2
+{
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x2_X1 { NvU8 YX[2][2];     } X1;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x2_X2 { NvU8 YXS[2][2][2]; } X2;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x2_X4 { NvU8 YXS[2][2][4]; } X4;
+} NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x4
+{
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x4_X1 { NvU8 YX[4][2];     } X1;
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x4_X2 { NvU8 YXS[4][2][2]; } X2;
+} NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x4;
+
+typedef struct _NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x2
+{
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x2_X1 { NvU8 YX[2][4];     } X1;
+} NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x2;
+
+typedef struct _NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x4
+{
+    struct NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x4_X1 { NvU8 YX[4][4];     } X1;
+} NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x4;
+
+typedef struct _NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;
+    NV_PIXEL_SRSO_1x2 Pixel_1x2;
+    NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x1 Pixel_2x1;
+    NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x2 Pixel_2x2;
+    NV_PIXEL_SRSO_2x4 Pixel_2x4;
+    NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x2 Pixel_4x2;
+    NV_PIXEL_SRSO_4x4 Pixel_4x4;
+} NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE_V1;
+
+typedef NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE_V1     NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE;
+#define NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE_V1, 1)
+#define NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE_VER    NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE_VER1
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_RSGetPixelShadingRateSampleOrder
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Get the Sample Order for Variable Shading Rate
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pContext                     The device context (ID3D11DeviceContext) used for getting the Shading Rate Sample Order
+//! \param [out]       pSampleOrderTable            A pointer to NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE where the current Sample Order for Variable Pixel Rate Shading that is returned
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_RSGetPixelShadingRateSampleOrder(__in IUnknown *pContext,
+                                                             __out NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE* pSampleOrderTable);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetPixelShadingRateSampleOrder
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Set the Sample Order for Variable Shading Rate
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 410
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pContext                     The device context (ID3D11DeviceContext) used for setting the Shading Rate Sample Order
+//! \param [out]       pSampleOrderTable            Sample Order for Variable Shading Rate to be set
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_RSSetPixelShadingRateSampleOrder(__in IUnknown *pContext,
+                                                             __in NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE_SAMPLE_ORDER_TABLE* pSampleOrderTable);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+typedef struct _NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32               version;    //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32               flags;      //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+} NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS_V1     NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS_VER    NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS_VER1
+
+typedef enum _NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE
+{
+    NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE_INVALID = 0x0,
+    NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE_FOVEATED_RENDERING = 0x1,
+    NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE_MAX = NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE_FOVEATED_RENDERING
+} NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE;
+
+typedef enum _NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET
+{
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_INVALID = 0,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_HIGHEST_PERFORMANCE = 1,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_HIGH_PERFORMANCE = 2,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_BALANCED = 3,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_HIGH_QUALITY = 4,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_HIGHEST_QUALITY = 5,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_CUSTOM = 6,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_MAX = NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_CUSTOM
+} NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET;
+
+typedef struct _NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;
+
+    NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE InnerMostRegionShadingRate;       //!< (IN) Shading Rate for the inner-most region of the foveated rendering pattern
+    NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE MiddleRegionShadingRate;          //!< (IN) Shading Rate for the middle region of the foveated rendering pattern
+    NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE PeripheralRegionShadingRate;      //!< (IN) Shading Rate for the peripheral region of the foveated rendering pattern
+} NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_V1     NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC;
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_VER    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_VER1
+
+typedef enum _NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET
+{
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_INVALID = 0,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_WIDE = 1,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_BALANCED = 2,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_NARROW = 3,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_CUSTOM = 4,
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_MAX = NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_CUSTOM
+} NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET;
+
+typedef struct _NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version;
+
+    float fInnermostRadii[2];       //!< (IN) Horizontal and vertical radius for the inner-most region of the foveated rendering pattern
+    float fMiddleRadii[2];          //!< (IN) Horizontal and vertical radius for the middle region of the foveated rendering pattern
+    float fPeripheralRadii[2];      //!< (IN) Horizontal and vertical radius for the peripheral region of the foveated rendering pattern
+} NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_V1     NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC;
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_VER    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                           version;  //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32                                           flags;    //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET                       ShadingRatePreset;                  //!< (IN) Preset of the shading rate
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_DESC_V1        ShadingRateCustomPresetDesc;        //!< (IN) To be provided only if ShadingRatePreset is NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_SHADING_RATE_PRESET_CUSTOM
+
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET                  FoveationPatternPreset;             //!< (IN) Preset of the foveation pattern
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_CUSTOM_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_DESC_V1   FoveationPatternCustomPresetDesc;   //!< (IN) To be provided only if FoveationPatternPreset is NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_FOVEATION_PATTERN_PRESET_CUSTOM
+
+    NvU32 GazeDataDeviceId;     //!< (IN) ID of the gaze data provider. Needed only for supporting more than one device with eye tracking.
+                                //        Should be 0 if gaze data is provided only from a single device. Should be less than (MAX_NUMBER_OF_GAZE_DATA_PROVIDERS - 1)
+
+} NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_V1;
+
+typedef NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_V1     NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC;
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_V1, 1)
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_VER    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_VER1
+
+typedef enum _NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE
+{
+    NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE_INVALID = 0,
+    NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE_MONO = 1,            // States mono rendering on the entire render target
+    NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE_LEFT_EYE = 2,        // States Left eye rendering of a stereo pair on the entire render target
+    NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE_RIGHT_EYE = 3,       // States Right eye rendering of a stereo pair on the entire render target
+    NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE_STEREO = 4,          // States side-by-side stereo rendering on the render target
+    NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE_MAX = NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE_STEREO
+} NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE;
+
+#define MAX_NUMBER_OF_GAZE_DATA_PROVIDERS   8   // Maximum number of gaze data providers / devices.
+
+typedef struct _NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                   version;        //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32                   flags;          //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+
+    NV_VRS_RENDER_MODE      RenderMode;     //!< (IN) This defines whether subsequent render calls are for mono/stereo
+    NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE     ContentType;    //!< (IN) This defines the type of content with which the VRS pattern will be generated
+
+    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_DESC_V1   sFoveatedRenderingDesc;     //!< (IN) Provide this if ContentType has NV_VRS_CONTENT_TYPE_FOVEATED_RENDERING flag
+} NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1     NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS_VER    NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32           version;    //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32           reserved;   //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+} NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1     NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS_VER    NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                   version;                                        //!< (IN)  Struct version
+    IUnknown              **ppShadingRateResource;                          //!< (OUT) Pointer to 2D Texture resource with currently applied shading rate pattern
+    NV_PIXEL_SHADING_RATE   shadingRateTable[NV_MAX_PIXEL_SHADING_RATES];   //!< (OUT) Shading Rate Table filled by the driver
+} NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1     NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS_VER    NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32           version;    //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32           reserved;   //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+} NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS_V1     NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS;
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS_VER    NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS_VER1
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE(ID3DNvVRSHelper_V1)
+{
+    BEGIN_INTERFACE
+
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS) PURE;
+
+    // Latches the latest gaze which will be used for subsequent foveated rendering. Recommended to be called once per frame before scene drawing begins.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,LatchGaze)(THIS_ IUnknown* pContext, NV_VRS_HELPER_LATCH_GAZE_PARAMS* pLatchGazeParams) PURE;
+
+    // Enables VRS with sepcified content type and preset. This can be called per draw call.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,Enable)(THIS_ IUnknown* pContext, NV_VRS_HELPER_ENABLE_PARAMS* pEnableParams) PURE;
+
+    // Disables VRS till re-enabled.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,Disable)(THIS_ IUnknown* pContext, NV_VRS_HELPER_DISABLE_PARAMS* pDisableParams) PURE;
+
+    // Creates a 2D texture, copies the current shading rate pattern on it and returns the pointer to this texture.
+    // It also returns an array that conveys which value in the shading rate resource corresponds to which exact pixel shading rate.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,GetShadingRateResource)(THIS_ IUnknown* pContext, NV_VRS_HELPER_GET_SHADING_RATE_RESOURCE_PARAMS *pGetShadingRateResourceParams) PURE;
+
+    // Destroys all internally created shading rate resources and views.
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,PurgeInternalShadingRateResources)(THIS_ IUnknown* pContext, NV_VRS_HELPER_PURGE_INTERNAL_RESOURCES_PARAMS* pPurgeParams) PURE;
+
+    END_INTERFACE
+};
+
+typedef ID3DNvVRSHelper_V1    ID3DNvVRSHelper;
+#define ID3DNvVRSHelper_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3DNvVRSHelper_V1, 1)
+#define ID3DNvVRSHelper_VER   ID3DNvVRSHelper_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32           version;    //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32           flags;      //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+
+    ID3DNvVRSHelper_V1    **ppVRSHelper;  //!< (OUT) Interface for Shading Rate Pattern Tracker
+} NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS_V1     NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS_VER    NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS_VER1
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_InitializeVRSHelper
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Creates an interface for updating, enabling and disabling internally tracked shading rate pattern for Variable Rate Shading
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 430
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDevice                              The device to be used for creating the VRS Handler interface
+//!                                                         \note This should be same the device used for Gaze Handler. See also: NvAPI_D3D_InitializeNvGazeHandler.
+//! \param [in]        pInitializeVRSHelperParams           Descriptor for VRS Helper initialization
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_InitializeVRSHelper(__in    IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                              __inout NV_VRS_HELPER_INIT_PARAMS *pInitializeVRSHelperParams);
+
+typedef enum _NV_GAZE_DATA_VALIDITY_FLAGS
+{
+    NV_GAZE_ORIGIN_VALID            = 0x1,
+    NV_GAZE_DIRECTION_VALID         = 0x2,
+    NV_GAZE_LOCATION_VALID          = 0x4,
+    NV_GAZE_VELOCITY_VALID          = 0x8,
+    NV_GAZE_PUPIL_DIAMETER_VALID    = 0x10,
+    NV_GAZE_EYE_OPENNESS_VALID      = 0x20,
+    NV_GAZE_EYE_SACCADE_DATA_VALID  = 0x40
+} NV_GAZE_DATA_VALIDITY_FLAGS;
+
+typedef struct _NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE
+{
+    NvU32 version;                          //!< (IN) Version of the structure
+
+    NvU32 GazeDataValidityFlags;            //!< (IN) To be populated with OR'ing flags from NV_GAZE_DATA_VALIDITY_FLAGS
+
+    float fGazeOrigin_mm[3];                //!< (IN) Use flag NV_GAZE_ORIGIN_VALID. Origin of the eye in millimeters. Used mainly to detect whether Left Eye or Right Eye.
+    float fGazeDirection[3];                //!< (IN) Use flag NV_GAZE_DIRECTION_VALID. Normalized direction of the gaze of the eye. Used for calculating the gaze location using the FOV.
+    float fGazeNormalizedLocation[2];       //!< (IN) Use flag NV_GAZE_LOCATION_VALID. Precalculated normalized gaze location in limits (-1 to +1) for X and Y. Center of the screen denotes (0, 0). If this is valid, this will be given higher priority than direction.
+    float fGazeVelocity[2];                 //!< (IN) Use flag NV_GAZE_VELOCITY_VALID. Optional: Velocity of the eye on the normalized space in each direction. Central foveated region would be skewed in the direction of the velocity.
+    float fPupilDiameter_mm;                //!< (IN) Use flag NV_GAZE_PUPIL_DIAMETER_VALID. Unused at the moment.
+    float fEyeOpenness;                     //!< (IN) Use flag NV_GAZE_EYE_OPENNESS_VALID. Unused at the moment.
+    BOOL  bInSaccade;                       //!< (IN) Use flag NV_GAZE_EYE_SACCADE_DATA_VALID. Denotes whether eye is currently in saccade movement or not.
+} NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_V1;
+
+typedef NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_V1     NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE;
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_V1, 1)
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_VER    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32 version;              //!< (IN) Struct version
+    NvU32 flags;                //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+
+    NvU64 Timestamp;            //!< (IN) Timestamp at which the gaze data has been captured. Should be larger than timestamp provided at previous update.
+    union
+    {
+        NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_V1 sMonoData;           //!< (IN) Gaze data for Mono rendering mode
+        struct
+        {
+            NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_V1 sLeftEye;        //!< (IN) Gaze data for Left Eye of Stereo rendering mode
+            NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_GAZE_DATA_PER_EYE_V1 sRightEye;       //!< (IN) Gaze data for Right Eye of Stereo rendering mode
+        } sStereoData;
+    };
+} NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS_V1     NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS;
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS_VER    NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS_VER1
+
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE(ID3DNvGazeHandler_V2)
+{
+    BEGIN_INTERFACE
+
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS) PURE;
+
+    // Updates the gaze data for foveated rendering
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateGazeData)(THIS_ IUnknown* pContext, NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS* pUpdateGazeDataParams) PURE;
+
+
+    END_INTERFACE
+};
+typedef ID3DNvGazeHandler_V2    ID3DNvGazeHandler;
+#define ID3DNvGazeHandler_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3DNvGazeHandler_V2, 2)
+#define ID3DNvGazeHandler_VER   ID3DNvGazeHandler_VER2
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE(ID3DNvGazeHandler_V1)
+{
+    BEGIN_INTERFACE
+
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,AddRef)(THIS) PURE;
+    STDMETHOD_(ULONG,Release)(THIS) PURE;
+
+    // Updates the gaze data for foveated rendering
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateGazeData)(THIS_ IUnknown* pContext, NV_FOVEATED_RENDERING_UPDATE_GAZE_DATA_PARAMS* pUpdateGazeDataParams) PURE;
+
+    END_INTERFACE
+};
+#define ID3DNvGazeHandler_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3DNvGazeHandler_V1, 1)
+#ifndef ID3DNvGazeHandler_VER
+typedef ID3DNvGazeHandler_V1    ID3DNvGazeHandler;
+#define ID3DNvGazeHandler_VER   ID3DNvGazeHandler_VER1
+#endif
+
+typedef enum _NV_GAZE_DATA_TYPE
+{
+    NV_GAZE_DATA_INVALID = 0,
+    NV_GAZE_DATA_MONO = 1,
+    NV_GAZE_DATA_STEREO = 2,
+    NV_GAZE_DATA_MAX = NV_GAZE_DATA_STEREO
+} NV_GAZE_DATA_TYPE;
+
+typedef struct _NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V2
+{
+    NvU32               version;            //!< (IN) Struct version
+    
+    NvU32               GazeDataDeviceId;   //!< (IN) ID of the gaze data provider. Needed only for supporting more than one device with eye tracking.
+                                            //        Should be 0 if gaze data is provided only from a single device. Should be less than (MAX_NUMBER_OF_GAZE_DATA_PROVIDERS - 1)
+
+    NV_GAZE_DATA_TYPE   GazeDataType;       //!< (IN) Describes whether gaze is Mono or Stereo
+    NvU32               flags;              //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+    float               fHorizontalFOV;     //!< (IN) Horizontal Field of View
+    float               fVericalFOV;        //!< (IN) Vertical Field of View
+
+    ID3DNvGazeHandler_V2    **ppNvGazeHandler;    //!< (OUT) Interface for Gaze Data Handler
+} NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V2;
+
+typedef NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V2     NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_VER2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V2, 2)
+#define NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_VER    NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_VER2
+
+typedef struct _NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32               version;            //!< (IN) Struct version
+    
+    NvU32               GazeDataDeviceId;   //!< (IN) ID of the gaze data provider. Needed only for supporting more than one device with eye tracking.
+                                            //        Should be 0 if gaze data is provided only from a single device. Should be less than (MAX_NUMBER_OF_GAZE_DATA_PROVIDERS - 1)
+
+    NV_GAZE_DATA_TYPE   GazeDataType;       //!< (IN) Describes whether gaze is Mono or Stereo
+    NvU32               flags;              //!< (IN) Reserved for future use
+    float               fHorizontalFOV;     //!< (IN) Horizontal Field of View
+    float               fVericalFOV;        //!< (IN) Vertical Field of View
+
+    ID3DNvGazeHandler_V1    **ppNvGazeHandler;    //!< (OUT) Interface for Gaze Data Handler
+} NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+#define NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#ifndef NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_VER
+typedef NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_V1     NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_VER    NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS_VER1
+#endif
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_InitializeNvGazeHandler
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Creates an interface for updating and managing gaze data
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 430
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDevice                          The device to be used for creating the Gaze Handler interface
+//!                                                     \note This should be same as the device used with VRS Handler. See also: NvAPI_D3D_InitializeVRSHelper.
+//! \param [in]        pInitializeNvGazeHandlerParams   Descriptor for Gaze Data Handler initialization
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!         (none)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_InitializeNvGazeHandler(__in    IUnknown *pDevice,
+                                                  __inout NV_GAZE_HANDLER_INIT_PARAMS *pInitializeNvGazeHandlerParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d11_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+
+typedef enum NV_SMP_ASSIST_TYPE
+{
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_NONE = 0,
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_MRS  = 1,       // SMP Assist required for Multi-Res Shading
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_LMS  = 2,       // SMP Assist required for Lens Matched Shading
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_NUM_TYPES
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_TYPE;
+
+typedef enum NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL
+{
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL_FULL    = 0,      // Full assistance. App selects a pre-baked MRS/LMS config, driver handles correct setting of viewport, scissors and FastGS
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL_PARTIAL = 1,      // Partial assistance. App provides a custom MRS/LMS config, driver handles correct setting of viewport, scissors and FastGS
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL_MINIMAL = 2,      // Minimal assistance. App provides viewports and scissors. App sets FastGS as required. App sets LMS params as required (NvAPI_D3D_SetModifiedWMode). App provides SMPType as NONE. Driver handles correct setting of viewports and scissors.
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_NUM_LEVELS
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL;
+
+typedef enum NV_MRS_CONFIG
+{
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_BALANCED                     = 0,
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_AGGRESSIVE                   = 1,
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_OCULUSRIFT_CV1_CONSERVATIVE  = 2,
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_OCULUSRIFT_CV1_BALANCED      = 3,
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_OCULUSRIFT_CV1_AGGRESSIVE    = 4,
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_HTC_VIVE_CONSERVATIVE        = 5,
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_HTC_VIVE_BALANCED            = 6,
+    NV_MRS_CONFIG_HTC_VIVE_AGGRESSIVE          = 7,
+    NV_MRS_NUM_CONFIGS
+} NV_MRS_CONFIG;
+
+typedef enum NV_LMS_CONFIG
+{
+    NV_LMS_CONFIG_OCULUSRIFT_CV1_CONSERVATIVE = 0,
+    NV_LMS_CONFIG_OCULUSRIFT_CV1_BALANCED     = 1,
+    NV_LMS_CONFIG_OCULUSRIFT_CV1_AGGRESSIVE   = 2,
+    NV_LMS_CONFIG_HTC_VIVE_CONSERVATIVE       = 3,
+    NV_LMS_CONFIG_HTC_VIVE_BALANCED           = 4,
+    NV_LMS_CONFIG_HTC_VIVE_AGGRESSIVE         = 5,
+    NV_LMS_NUM_CONFIGS
+} NV_LMS_CONFIG;
+
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_FLAGS_DEFAULT    0x00000000
+
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_MAX_VIEWPORTS    16
+
+typedef struct _NV_MRS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1
+{
+    float           centerWidth;        //!< (IN) Size of the central viewport, ranging (0,1], where 1 is full original viewport size
+    float           centerHeight;
+    float           centerX;            //!< (IN) Location of the central viewport, ranging 0..1, where 0.5 is the center of the screen
+    float           centerY;
+    float           densityScaleX[3];   //!< (IN) Pixel density scale factors: how much the linear pixel density is scaled within each row and column (1.0 = full density)
+    float           densityScaleY[3];
+} NV_MRS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1;
+
+typedef NV_MRS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 NV_MRS_CUSTOM_CONFIG;
+
+typedef struct _NV_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1
+{                                          //!< (OUT) MRS Instanced stereo config returned by the SMP Assist GetConstants API
+    float           centerWidth[2];        //!< (OUT) Size of the central viewport, ranging (0,1], where 1 is full original viewport size
+    float           centerHeight;
+    float           centerX[2];            //!< (OUT) Location of the central viewport, ranging 0..1, where 0.5 is the center of the screen
+    float           centerY;
+    float           densityScaleX[5];      //!< (OUT) Pixel density scale factors: how much the linear pixel density is scaled within each row and column (1.0 = full density)
+    float           densityScaleY[3];
+} NV_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1;
+
+typedef NV_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1 NV_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1
+{
+    float           warpLeft;           //!< (IN) LMS params to control warping of the 2 left quadrants
+    float           warpRight;          //!< (IN) LMS params to control warping of the 2 right quadrants
+    float           warpUp;             //!< (IN) LMS params to control warping of the 2 upper quadrants
+    float           warpDown;           //!< (IN) LMS params to control warping of the 2 lower quadrants
+
+    float           relativeSizeLeft;   //!< (IN) LMS params to control the width of the 2 left quandrants relative to the bounding box width
+    float           relativeSizeRight;  //!< (IN) LMS params to control the width of the 2 right quandrants relative to the bounding box width
+    float           relativeSizeUp;     //!< (IN) LMS params to control the height of the 2 upper quandrants relative to the bounding box height
+    float           relativeSizeDown;   //!< (IN) LMS params to control the height of the 2 lower quandrants relative to the bounding box height
+} NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1;
+
+typedef NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG;
+
+typedef struct _NV_LMS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1
+{                                             //!< (OUT) LMS Instanced stereo config returned by the SMP Assist GetConstants API
+    NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 sLeftConfig;      //!< (OUT) LMS config for the Left eye view
+    NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 sRightConfig;     //!< (OUT) LMS config for the Right eye view
+} NV_LMS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1;
+
+typedef NV_LMS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1 NV_LMS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG;
+
+typedef enum _NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX
+{
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX_MONO                  = 0,            // Non-stereo rendering
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX_LEFT_EYE              = 1,            // Stereo - Rendering left eye
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX_RIGHT_EYE             = 2,            // Stereo - Rendering right eye
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX_INSTANCED_STEREO      = 3,            // Stereo - Rendering both eyes
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX;
+
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_MINIMAL_LEVEL_NUM_EYE_INDICES 4 
+
+typedef struct _NV_CUSTOM_RECTS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                     numViewports[NV_SMP_ASSIST_MINIMAL_LEVEL_NUM_EYE_INDICES];
+    D3D11_VIEWPORT           *pViewports[NV_SMP_ASSIST_MINIMAL_LEVEL_NUM_EYE_INDICES];        //!< (IN) Viewports, for each eye index, that should be set when app calls Enable(eyeIndex) 
+    D3D11_RECT               *pScissors[NV_SMP_ASSIST_MINIMAL_LEVEL_NUM_EYE_INDICES];         //!< (IN) Scissors, for each eye index, that should be set when app calls Enable(eyeIndex)
+} NV_CUSTOM_RECTS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_CUSTOM_RECTS_V1 NV_CUSTOM_RECTS;
+
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                    version;          //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX  eEyeIndex;        //!< (IN) Rendering mode for upcoming draw calls (Mono/Stereo-Left/Stereo-Right/Instanced Stereo)
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1          NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS_VER         NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                version;               //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NvU32                Reserved;              //!< (IN) Unused.
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1          NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS_VER         NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS_VER1
+
+// FastGS constant buffer data returned by the GetConstants API.
+// Refer VRWorks SDK's multiprojection_dx app (struct FastGSCBData)
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_V1
+{
+    float NDCSplitsX[2];                        //!< (OUT) FastGS constant buffer data for Multi-Res Shading/ Lens Matched Shading
+    float NDCSplitsY[2];
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_V1 NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA;
+
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_V1
+{
+    float NDCSplitsX[4];                        //!< (OUT) FastGS constant buffer data for Multi-Res Shading (Instanced stereo). 2 splits for left eye followed by 2 splits for right eye
+    float NDCSplitsY[2];
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_V1 NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO;
+
+// Constant buffer data to supply the UV-remapping helper functions
+// Refer VRWorks SDK's multiprojection_dx app (struct RemapCBData)
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_REMAPCBDATA_V1
+{
+                                                 //!< (OUT) Constant buffer data to supply the UV-remapping helper functions
+    float        ClipToWindowSplitsX[2];
+    float        ClipToWindowSplitsY[2];
+    float        ClipToWindowX[3][2];            // ClipToWindowX[i][0] is Scale and ClipToWindowX[i][1] is Bias
+    float        ClipToWindowY[3][2];            // ClipToWindowY[i][0] is Scale and ClipToWindowY[i][1] is Bias
+    float        ClipToWindowZ[2];               // ClipToWindowZ[0] is Scale and ClipToWindowZ[1] is Bias
+
+    float        WindowToClipSplitsX[2];
+    float        WindowToClipSplitsY[2];
+    float        WindowToClipX[3][2];            // WindowToClipX[i][0] is Scale and WindowToClipX[i][1] is Bias
+    float        WindowToClipY[3][2];            // WindowToClipY[i][0] is Scale and WindowToClipY[i][1] is Bias
+    float        WindowToClipZ[2];               // WindowToClipZ[0] is Scale and WindowToClipZ[1] is Bias
+
+    float       BoundingRectOriginX;
+    float       BoundingRectOriginY;
+    float       BoundingRectSizeWidth;
+    float       BoundingRectSizeHeight;
+    float       BoundingRectSizeInvWidth;
+    float       BoundingRectSizeInvHeight;
+
+    float        Padding[2];
+}NV_SMP_ASSIST_REMAPCBDATA_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_REMAPCBDATA_V1 NV_SMP_ASSIST_REMAPCBDATA;
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS_V3
+{
+    NvU32                    version;                                        //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX  eEyeIndex;                                      //!< (IN) Viewports/scissors/constant buffer data corresponding to the input eEyeIndex will be returned
+    NvU32                    numViewports;                                   //!< (OUT) Number of valid viewport entries
+    D3D11_VIEWPORT           *pViewports;                                    //!< (OUT) If not NULL, this will contain the viewports computed by driver based on init params
+    D3D11_RECT               *pScissors;                                     //!< (OUT) If not NULL, this will contain the scissors computed by the driver based on init params
+                                                                             
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_TYPE       eSMPAssistType;                                 //!< (OUT) SMP type provided in Init call
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL      eSMPAssistLevel;                                //!< (OUT) SMP Assist level provided in Init call
+                                                                             
+    union                                                                    
+    {                                                                        
+        NV_MRS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 sMRSConfig;                                  //!< (OUT) If eSMPAssistType is MRS, then MRS config will be populated
+        NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 sLMSConfig;                                  //!< (OUT) If eSMPAssistType is LMS, then LMS config will be populated
+    };                                                                       
+                                                                             
+    float projectionSizeWidth;                                               //!< (OUT) MRS/LMS projection size
+    float projectionSizeHeight;                                              //!< (OUT) 
+                                                                             
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_V1 *pFastGSCBData;                            //!< (OUT) If not NULL, this will contain constant buffer data to supply the FastGS for culling primitives per-viewport
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_REMAPCBDATA_V1  *pRemapCBData;                             //!< (OUT) If not NULL, this will contain constant buffer data to supply the UV-remapping helper functions
+                                                                             
+    D3D11_VIEWPORT          boundingViewport;                                //!< (OUT) If eSMPType is MRS or LMS then this will be a union of the individual viewports populated in pViewports
+    D3D11_RECT              boundingScissor;                                 //!< (OUT) If eSMPType is MRS or LMS then this will be a union of the individual scissor rects populated in pScissors
+
+    union
+    {                                                                             
+        NV_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1 sMRS_ISConfig;                     //!< (OUT) If eSMPAssistType is MRS and eEyeIndex is NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX_INSTANCED_STEREO then MRS Instanced stereo config will be populated
+        NV_LMS_INSTANCED_STEREO_CONFIG_V1 sLMS_ISConfig;                     //!< (OUT) If eSMPAssistType is LMS and eEyeIndex is NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX_INSTANCED_STEREO then LMS Instanced stereo config will be populated
+    };
+
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_FASTGSCBDATA_MRS_INSTANCED_STEREO_V1 *pFastGSCBDataMRS_IS; //!< (OUT) If non-NULL and eSMPAssistType is MRS and eEyeIndex is NV_SMP_ASSIST_EYE_INDEX_INSTANCED_STEREO then MRS Instanced stereo FastGS constant buffer data will be populated
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS_V3;
+
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS_VER3        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS_V3, 3)
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS_V3          NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS;
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS_VER         NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS_VER3
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                       version;             //!< (IN) Structure version
+    union
+    {
+        NV_MRS_CONFIG           eMRSConfig;          //!< (IN) If eSMPAssistType is MRS and SMP Assist Level is Full then provide MRS config enum
+        NV_LMS_CONFIG           eLMSConfig;          //!< (IN) If eSMPAssistType is LMS and SMP Assist Level is Full then provide LMS config enum
+        NV_MRS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 sMRSCustomConfig;    //!< (IN) If eSMPAssistType is MRS and SMP Assist Level is Partial, then provide MRS config
+        NV_LMS_CUSTOM_CONFIG_V1 sLMSCustomConfig;    //!< (IN) If eSMPAssistType is LMS and SMP Assist Level is Partial, then provide LMS config
+        NV_CUSTOM_RECTS_V1      sCustomRects;        //!< (IN) If SMP Assist Level is Minimal, provide custom viewports and scissor rects for each eye index.
+    };
+
+    float           resolutionScale;                 //!< (IN) A resolution multiplier in the range [0.1, 3.0] if app wants to render at higher resolution
+    D3D11_VIEWPORT  boundingBox;                     //!< (IN) Rect on the rendertarget, to place the projection
+    float           vpOffsets[2];                    //!< (IN) Default set to 0. If non-zero, MRS/LMS viewports' TopLeftX and TopLeftY will be 
+                                                     //!<      offset by vpOffsets[0] and vpOffsets[1] respectively.
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS_V1          NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS;
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS_VER         NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                version;               //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_TYPE   eSMPAssistType;        // Patch instanced stereo shaders (created with packed eye index) with this SMPAssistType (NV_SMP_ASSIST_LMS only)
+    float                leftCoeffs[4];         // Left eye: outpos.x = dotproduct(outputpos, leftCoeffs) + leftConst
+    float                leftConst;
+    float                rightCoeffs[4];        // Right eye: outpos.x = dotproduct(outputpos, rightCoeffs) + rightConst
+    float                rightConst;
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS_V1          NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS;
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS_VER         NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS_VER1
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+DECLARE_INTERFACE(ID3DNvSMPAssist_V1)
+{
+//////////////////////////////   VER1 methods //////////////////////////////////////////
+    // Disable SMP Assist for further Draw calls
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,Disable)(THIS_ __in IUnknown *pDevContext, __in const NV_SMP_ASSIST_DISABLE_PARAMS *psSMPAssistDisableParams) PURE;
+
+    // Enable SMP Assist for further Draw calls. App has to provide the type of rendering done in upcoming Draw calls - Mono/Left eye/Right eye/Instanced Stereo
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,Enable)(THIS_ __in IUnknown *pDevContext, __in const NV_SMP_ASSIST_ENABLE_PARAMS *psSMPAssistEnableParams) PURE; 
+
+    // Get the constants used by the drivers
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,GetConstants)(THIS_ __inout NV_SMP_ASSIST_GET_CONSTANTS *psSMPAssistGetConstants) PURE; 
+
+    // Setup the projections (rects, constant buffer data etc.)
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,SetupProjections)(THIS_ __in IUnknown *pDevice, __in const NV_SMP_ASSIST_SETUP_PARAMS *psSMPAssistSetupParams) PURE;
+
+    // Update instanced stereo specific data
+    STDMETHOD_(NvAPI_Status,UpdateInstancedStereoData)(THIS_ __in IUnknown *pDevice, __in const NV_SMP_ASSIST_UPDATE_INSTANCEDSTEREO_DATA_PARAMS *psSMPAssistInstancedStereoParams) PURE;
+//////////////////////////////   end of VER1 methods   //////////////////////////////////////////
+};
+
+typedef ID3DNvSMPAssist_V1     ID3DNvSMPAssist;
+#define ID3DNVSMPASSIST_VER1   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(ID3DNvSMPAssist_V1, 1)
+#define ID3DNVSMPASSIST_VER    ID3DNVSMPASSIST_VER1
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+
+typedef struct _NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                   version;                 //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_TYPE      eSMPAssistType;          //!< (IN) None/MRS/LMS
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL     eSMPAssistLevel;         //!< (IN) Full/Partial/Minimal 
+    NvU32                   flags;                   //!< (IN) Flags, if any
+
+    ID3DNvSMPAssist     **ppD3DNvSMPAssist;          //!< (OUT) Interface pointer returned by the Init call. Use for future Enable/Disable etc. calls
+
+} NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#ifndef NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_VER
+typedef NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_V1          NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_VER         NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_VER1
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_InitializeSMPAssist
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Initialize SMP Assist extension. Take the SMPAssist(MRS/LMS) params from the application. 
+//!              Provide the application with a interface pointer for future use.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 396
+//! \param [in]       pDevice                   Pointer to IUnknown (Currently supports ID3D11Device)
+//! \param [inout]    pSMPAssistInitParams      SMP Assist initialization params
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Call succeeded.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Call failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One of the required input arguments was NULL
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_InitializeSMPAssist(__in IUnknown *pDevice, __inout NV_SMP_ASSIST_INITIALIZE_PARAMS *pSMPAssistInitParams);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__) 
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32               version;                       //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_TYPE  eSMPAssistType;                //!< (IN) None/MRS/LMS
+    NV_SMP_ASSIST_LEVEL eSMPAssistLevel;               //!< (IN) Full/Partial/Minimal
+    NvBool              bSMPAssistSupported;           //!< (OUT) SMP Assist supported or not
+} NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1          NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER         NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS_VER1
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_QuerySMPAssistSupport
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Query SMP assist extension support.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 396
+//! \param [in]     pDev                                Pointer to IUnknown (Currently supports ID3D11Device)
+//! \param [out]    pQuerySMPAssistSupportParams        Pointer to a structure returning requested SMP assist support
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED                       Requested SMP assist is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                  Call succeeded. Check value of pQuerySMPAssistSupportParams->bSMPAssistSupported 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER                     pDev or pQuerySMPAssistSupportParams was a NULL pointer
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_QuerySMPAssistSupport(__in IUnknown *pDev, __inout NV_QUERY_SMP_ASSIST_SUPPORT_PARAMS *pQuerySMPAssistSupportParams);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used to get sleep status
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                       //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NvBool bLowLatencyMode;                               //!< (OUT) Is low latency mode enabled?
+    NvBool bFsVrr;                                        //!< (OUT) Is fullscreen VRR enabled?
+    NvBool bCplVsyncOn;                                   //!< (OUT) Is Control Panel overriding VSYNC ON?
+    NvU8   rsvd[126];                                     //!< (IN) Reserved. Must be set to 0s.
+} NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS_V1            NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS;
+#define NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS_VER           NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_GetSleepStatus
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function can be used to get the latest sleep status:
+//!   bLowLatencyMode indicates whether low latency mode is currently
+//!   enabled in the driver.
+//!   Note that it may not always reflect the previously requested sleep mode,
+//!   as the feature may not be available on the platform, or the setting has
+//!   been overridden by the control panel, for example.
+//!   bFsVrr indicates fullscreen GSYNC or GSYNC Compatible mode.
+//!   bCplVsyncOn indicates Control Panel VSYNC ON override.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 455
+//! \param [in] pDev                          The target device.
+//! \param [in] pGetSleepStatusParams         Sleep status params.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_GetSleepStatus(__in IUnknown *pDev, __in NV_GET_SLEEP_STATUS_PARAMS *pGetSleepStatusParams);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used to set sleep mode
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                       //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NvBool bLowLatencyMode;                               //!< (IN) Low latency mode enable/disable.
+    NvBool bLowLatencyBoost;                              //!< (IN) Request maximum GPU clock frequency regardless of workload.
+    NvU32  minimumIntervalUs;                             //!< (IN) Minimum frame interval in microseconds. 0 = no frame rate limit.
+    NvBool bUseMarkersToOptimize;                         //!< (IN) Allow latency markers to be used for runtime optimizations.
+    NvU8   rsvd[31];                                      //!< (IN) Reserved. Must be set to 0s.
+} NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS_V1            NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS;
+#define NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS_VER           NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetSleepMode
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function can be used to update sleep mode dynamically.
+//!   The settings are not dependent to each other, meaning low latency mode
+//!   can be enabled/disabled regardless of whether minimum interval is set or
+//!   not. The former is to intelligently lower latency without impacting frame
+//!   rate. The later is to limit frame rate (e.g. minimumIntervalUs = 10000
+//!   limits frame rate to 100 FPS). They work well separately and/or together.
+//!   Note that minimumIntervalUs usage is not limited to lowering latency, so
+//!   feel free to use it to limit frame rate for menu, cut scenes, etc.
+//!   Note that low latency mode can be enabled, and/or minimum interval can
+//!   be set, even without using NvAPI_D3D_Sleep(). However, without it, the
+//!   sleep to achieve these features would happen at a less optimal point,
+//!   resulting in higher overall latency.
+//!   The bLowLatencyBoost will request the GPU run at max clocks even in 
+//!   scenarios where it is idle most of the frame and would normally try
+//!   to save power.  This can decrease latency in CPU-limited scenarios.
+//!   While this function can be called as often as needed, it is not
+//!   necessary nor recommended to call this too frequently (e.g. every frame),
+//!   as the settings persist for the target device.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 455
+//! \param [in] pDev                          The target device.
+//! \param [in] pSetSleepModeParams           Sleep mode params.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetSleepMode(__in IUnknown *pDev, __in NV_SET_SLEEP_MODE_PARAMS *pSetSleepModeParams);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_Sleep
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: It is recommended to call this function at the very start of
+//!   each frame (e.g. before input sampling). If there is a need to sleep,
+//!   due to frame rate limit and/or low latency features, for example,
+//!   this call provides an entry point for the driver to sleep at the most
+//!   optimal spot to achieve the lowest latency.
+//!   It is recommended to call this function even when low latency mode is
+//!   disabled and minimum interval is 0. Other features, such as Maximum Frame
+//!   Rate setting, could be enabled in the control panel to benefit from this.
+//!   It is OK to start (or stop) using this function at any time. However,
+//!   when using this function, it must be called exactly once on each frame.
+//!   If this function is not called, after several frames, the driver would
+//!   fallback to sleep at its less optimal spot.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 455
+//! \param [in] pDev                          The target device.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_Sleep(__in IUnknown *pDev);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! Used to send Reflex Sync data to UMD
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                       //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NvU32  bEnable:1;                                     //!< (IN) Enable Reflex Sync
+    NvU32  bDisable:1;                                    //!< (IN) Disable Reflex Sync
+    NvU32  flagsRsvd:30;                                  //!< (IN) Reserved flag bits. Must be set to 0s.
+    NvU32  vblankIntervalUs;                              //!< (IN) Interval between VBLANKs in microseconds. (0 means N/A)
+    NvS32  timeInQueueUs;                                 //!< (IN) Amount of time in the completed frame queue. Can be negative. (0 means N/A)
+    NvU32  timeInQueueUsTarget;                           //!< (IN) Target amount of time in the completed frame queue. (0 means N/A)
+    NvU8   rsvd[28];                                      //!< (IN) Reserved. Must be set to 0s.
+} NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS_V1            NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS;
+#define NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS_VER           NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetReflexSync
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function can be used to enable/disable Reflex Sync,
+//!   and to pass in essential data for the Reflex Sync operation.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 530
+//! \param [in] pDev                          The target device.
+//! \param [in] pSetReflexSyncParams          Reflex Sync params.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetReflexSync(__in IUnknown *pDev, __in NV_SET_REFLEX_SYNC_PARAMS *pSetReflexSyncParams);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used to get latency report.
+//! \ingroup dx
+
+typedef struct _NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                       //!< (IN) Structure version
+    struct FrameReport {
+        NvU64 frameID;
+        NvU64 inputSampleTime;
+        NvU64 simStartTime;
+        NvU64 simEndTime;
+        NvU64 renderSubmitStartTime;
+        NvU64 renderSubmitEndTime;
+        NvU64 presentStartTime;
+        NvU64 presentEndTime;
+        NvU64 driverStartTime;
+        NvU64 driverEndTime;
+        NvU64 osRenderQueueStartTime;
+        NvU64 osRenderQueueEndTime;
+        NvU64 gpuRenderStartTime;
+        NvU64 gpuRenderEndTime;
+        NvU32 gpuActiveRenderTimeUs;                      //!< (OUT) Difference between gpuRenderStartTime and gpuRenderEndTime, excluding the idles in between, in microseconds.
+        NvU32 gpuFrameTimeUs;                             //!< (OUT) Difference between previous and current frame's gpuRenderEndTime, in microseconds.
+        NvU8  rsvd[120];
+    } frameReport[64];
+    NvU8  rsvd[32];
+} NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS_V1            NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS;
+#define NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS_VER           NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_GetLatency
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Get a latency report including the timestamps of the 
+//!   application latency markers set with NvAPI_D3D_SetLatencyMarker as well
+//!   as driver, OS queue and graphics hardware times.  Requires calling
+//!   NvAPI_D3D_SetLatencyMarker with incrementing frameID for valid results.
+//!   Rendering for at least 90 frames is recommended to properly fill out the
+//!   structure.  The newest completed frame is at the end (element 63) and
+//!   is preceeded by older frames.  If not enough frames are valid then all
+//!   frames are returned with all zeroes.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 455
+//! \param [in] pDev                          The target device
+//! \param [in] pGetLatencyParams             The latency result structure.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_GetLatency(__in IUnknown *pDev, __out NV_LATENCY_RESULT_PARAMS *pGetLatencyParams);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used define latency marker type
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum
+{
+    SIMULATION_START               =  0,
+    SIMULATION_END                 =  1,
+    RENDERSUBMIT_START             =  2,
+    RENDERSUBMIT_END               =  3,
+    PRESENT_START                  =  4,
+    PRESENT_END                    =  5,
+    INPUT_SAMPLE                   =  6,
+    TRIGGER_FLASH                  =  7,
+    PC_LATENCY_PING                =  8,
+    OUT_OF_BAND_RENDERSUBMIT_START =  9,
+    OUT_OF_BAND_RENDERSUBMIT_END   = 10,
+    OUT_OF_BAND_PRESENT_START      = 11,
+    OUT_OF_BAND_PRESENT_END        = 12,
+} NV_LATENCY_MARKER_TYPE;
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! Used set latency markers
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS
+{
+    NvU32  version;                                       //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NvU64  frameID;
+    NV_LATENCY_MARKER_TYPE markerType;
+    NvU8   rsvd[64];
+} NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_V1;
+
+typedef NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_V1            NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS;
+#define NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+#define NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_VER           NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetLatencyMarker
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Set a latency marker to be tracked by the
+//!   NvAPI_D3D_GetLatency function. SIMULATION_START must be the first marker
+//!   sent in a frame, after the previous frame's Sleep call (if used).
+//!   INPUT_SAMPLE may be sent to record the moment user input was sampled and
+//!   should come between SIMULATION_START and SIMULATION_END.
+//!   RENDERSUBMIT_START should come before any Direct3D calls are made for
+//!   the given frame and RENDERSUBMIT_END should come before calling Present.
+//!   PRESENT_START and END should wrap the Present call to inform the driver
+//!   of a present block done by the OS before the driver receives the Present.
+//!   TRIGGER_FLASH tells the driver to render its flash indicator for latency
+//!   testing, typically driven by a mouse click.
+//!   The frameID can start at an abitrary moment in the application lifetime
+//!   but must strictly increment from that point forward for consistent results.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 455
+//! \param [in] pDev                          The target device
+//! \param [in] pSetLatencyMarkerParams       The latency marker structure
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetLatencyMarker(__in IUnknown *pDev, __in NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS* pSetLatencyMarkerParams);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! Used in NvAPI_D3D12_SetAsyncFrameMarker
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_V1         NV_ASYNC_FRAME_MARKER_PARAMS_V1;
+typedef NV_ASYNC_FRAME_MARKER_PARAMS_V1     NV_ASYNC_FRAME_MARKER_PARAMS;
+#define NV_ASYNC_FRAME_MARKER_PARAMS_VER1   NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_VER1
+#define NV_ASYNC_FRAME_MARKER_PARAMS_VER    NV_LATENCY_MARKER_PARAMS_VER1
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d12_h__))
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_SetAsyncFrameMarker
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Set an async frame marker for present and out-of-band render tracking.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//! \param [in] pCommandQueue               The D3D12CommandQueue
+//! \param [in] pSetAsyncFrameMarkerParams  The async frame marker structure
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_SetAsyncFrameMarker(__in ID3D12CommandQueue *pCommandQueue, __in NV_ASYNC_FRAME_MARKER_PARAMS* pSetAsyncFrameMarkerParams);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! Used in NvAPI_D3D12_NotifyOutOfBandCommandQueue
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum
+{
+    OUT_OF_BAND_RENDER  = 0,
+    OUT_OF_BAND_PRESENT = 1,
+} NV_OUT_OF_BAND_CQ_TYPE;
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_NotifyOutOfBandCommandQueue
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Notifies the driver that this command queue runs out of band
+//!                from the application's frame cadence.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//! \param [in] pCommandQueue   The D3D12CommandQueue
+//! \param [in] cqType          The type of out of band command queue
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_NotifyOutOfBandCommandQueue(__in ID3D12CommandQueue *pCommandQueue, __in NV_OUT_OF_BAND_CQ_TYPE cqType);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__))
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCubinComputeShader(__in   ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                                     __in   const void*         pCubin,
+                                                     __in   NvU32               size,
+                                                     __in   NvU32               blockX, 
+                                                     __in   NvU32               blockY, 
+                                                     __in   NvU32               blockZ,
+                                                     __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phShader);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCubinComputeShaderEx(__in   ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                                       __in   const void*         pCubin,
+                                                       __in   NvU32               size,
+                                                       __in   NvU32               blockX, 
+                                                       __in   NvU32               blockY, 
+                                                       __in   NvU32               blockZ,
+                                                       __in   NvU32               dynSharedMemBytes,
+                                                       __in   const char*         pShaderName,
+                                                       __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phShader);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCubinComputeShaderWithName(__in   ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                                              __in   const void*         pCubin,
+                                                              __in   NvU32               size,
+                                                              __in   NvU32               blockX, 
+                                                              __in   NvU32               blockY, 
+                                                              __in   NvU32               blockZ,
+                                                              __in   const char*         pShaderName,
+                                                              __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phShader);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_LaunchCubinShader(__in  ID3D12GraphicsCommandList*  pCommandList,
+                                              __in   NVDX_ObjectHandle          hShader,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      gridX,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      gridY,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      gridZ,
+                                              __in   const void*                pParams,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      paramSize);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_DestroyCubinComputeShader(__in  ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                                      __in  NVDX_ObjectHandle   hShader);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetCudaTextureObject(__in  ID3D12Device*                pDevice,
+                                                 __in  D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE  texDesc,
+                                                 __in  D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE  smpDesc,
+                                                 __out NvU32*                       pTextureHandle);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetCudaSurfaceObject(__in  ID3D12Device*                pDevice,
+                                                 __in  D3D12_CPU_DESCRIPTOR_HANDLE  uavDesc,
+                                                 __out NvU32*                       pSurfaceHandle);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_IsFatbinPTXSupported(__in  ID3D12Device *pDevice,
+                                                 __out bool *pSupported);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCuModule(__in   ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                           __in   const void*         pBlob,
+                                           __in   NvU32               size,
+                                           __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phModule);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_EnumFunctionsInModule(__in     ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                                  __in     NVDX_ObjectHandle   hModule,
+                                                  __inout  NvU32*              pArraySize,
+                                                  __out    const char** const  pFunctionNames);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCuFunction(__in   ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                             __in   NVDX_ObjectHandle   hModule,
+                                             __in   const char*         pName,
+                                             __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phFunction);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+
+typedef struct _NVAPI_DIM3
+{
+    NvU32 x;
+    NvU32 y;
+    NvU32 z;
+} NVAPI_DIM3;
+
+typedef struct _NVAPI_CU_KERNEL_LAUNCH_PARAMS
+{
+    NVDX_ObjectHandle          hFunction;
+    NVAPI_DIM3                 gridDim;
+    NVAPI_DIM3                 blockDim;
+    NvU32                      dynSharedMemBytes;
+    void const *               pParams;
+    NvU32                      paramSize;
+} NVAPI_CU_KERNEL_LAUNCH_PARAMS;
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_LaunchCuKernelChain(__in  ID3D12GraphicsCommandList*            pCommandList,
+                                                __in  const NVAPI_CU_KERNEL_LAUNCH_PARAMS*  pKernels,
+                                                __in  NvU32                                 numKernels);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+
+typedef struct _NVAPI_CU_KERNEL_LAUNCH_PARAMS_EX
+{
+    NVDX_ObjectHandle          hFunction;
+    NVAPI_DIM3                 gridDim;
+    NVAPI_DIM3                 blockDim;
+    NvU32                      dynSharedMemBytes;
+
+    // either pParams/paramsSize is used or kernelParams is used
+    void const *               pParams;
+    NvU32                      paramSize;
+    void                     **kernelParams;
+} NVAPI_CU_KERNEL_LAUNCH_PARAMS_EX;
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_LaunchCuKernelChainEx(__in  ID3D12GraphicsCommandList*               pCommandList,
+                                                  __in  const NVAPI_CU_KERNEL_LAUNCH_PARAMS_EX*  pKernels,
+                                                  __in  NvU32                                    numKernels);
+
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_DestroyCuModule(__in  ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                            __in  NVDX_ObjectHandle   hModule);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_DestroyCuFunction(__in  ID3D12Device*       pDevice,
+                                              __in  NVDX_ObjectHandle   hFunction);
+#endif //if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateCubinComputeShader(__in   ID3D11Device*       pDevice,
+                                                     __in   const void*         pCubin,
+                                                     __in   NvU32               size,
+                                                     __in   NvU32               blockX, 
+                                                     __in   NvU32               blockY, 
+                                                     __in   NvU32               blockZ,
+                                                     __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phShader);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateCubinComputeShaderEx(__in   ID3D11Device*     pDevice,
+                                                       __in   const void*         pCubin,
+                                                       __in   NvU32               size,
+                                                       __in   NvU32               blockX, 
+                                                       __in   NvU32               blockY, 
+                                                       __in   NvU32               blockZ,
+                                                       __in   NvU32               dynSharedMemBytes,
+                                                       __in   const char*         pShaderName,
+                                                       __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phShader);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateCubinComputeShaderWithName(__in   ID3D11Device*       pDevice,
+                                                             __in   const void*         pCubin,
+                                                             __in   NvU32               size,
+                                                             __in   NvU32               blockX, 
+                                                             __in   NvU32               blockY, 
+                                                             __in   NvU32               blockZ,
+                                                             __in   const char*         pShaderName,
+                                                             __out  NVDX_ObjectHandle*  phShader);
+                                                     
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_LaunchCubinShader(__in   ID3D11DeviceContext       *pDeviceContext,
+                                              __in   NVDX_ObjectHandle          hShader,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      gridX,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      gridY,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      gridZ,
+                                              __in   const void*                pParams,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      paramSize,
+                                              __in   const NVDX_ObjectHandle*   pReadResources,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      numReadResources,
+                                              __in   const NVDX_ObjectHandle*   pWriteResources,
+                                              __in   NvU32                      numWriteResources);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_DestroyCubinComputeShader(__in  ID3D11Device*       pDevice,
+                                                      __in  NVDX_ObjectHandle   hShader);
+                                                      
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_IsFatbinPTXSupported(__in  ID3D11Device *pDevice,
+                                                 __out bool *pSupported);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateUnorderedAccessView(__in   ID3D11Device*                            pDevice,
+                                                      __in   ID3D11Resource*                          pResource,
+                                                      __in   const D3D11_UNORDERED_ACCESS_VIEW_DESC*  pDesc,
+                                                      __out  ID3D11UnorderedAccessView**              ppUAV,
+                                                      __out  NvU32*                                   pDriverHandle);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateShaderResourceView(__in   ID3D11Device*                          pDevice,
+                                                     __in   ID3D11Resource*                        pResource,
+                                                     __in   const D3D11_SHADER_RESOURCE_VIEW_DESC* pDesc,
+                                                     __out  ID3D11ShaderResourceView**             ppSRV,
+                                                     __out  NvU32*                                 pDriverHandle);
+
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateSamplerState(__in   ID3D11Device*                          pDevice,
+                                               __in   const D3D11_SAMPLER_DESC*              pSamplerDesc,
+                                               __out  ID3D11SamplerState**                   ppSamplerState,
+                                               __out  NvU32*                                 pDriverHandle);
+                                                  
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_GetCudaTextureObject(__in   ID3D11Device*                       pDevice,
+                                                 __in   NvU32                               srvDriverHandle,
+                                                 __in   NvU32                               samplerDriverHandle,
+                                                 __out  NvU32*                              pCudaTextureHandle);
+                                                      
+// Experimental API for internal use. DO NOT USE!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_GetResourceGPUVirtualAddress(__in  ID3D11Device*                pDevice,
+                                                         __in  const NVDX_ObjectHandle      hResource,
+                                                         __out NvU64*                       pGpuVA);
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+//! Flags specifying raytracing thread reordering hardware support.
+//! Additional flags will be added as support becomes available.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_THREAD_REORDERING_CAPS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_THREAD_REORDERING_CAP_NONE     = 0x0,       //!< Thread reordering acts as a no-op
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_THREAD_REORDERING_CAP_STANDARD = NV_BIT(0)  //!< Standard thread reordering is supported
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_THREAD_REORDERING_CAPS;
+
+//! Flags specifying raytracing Opacity Micromap support.
+//! Additional flags will be added as support becomes available.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_CAPS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_CAP_NONE     = 0x0,       //!< Opacity Micromap support is not available.
+                                                                      //!< The application must not attempt to use any OMM entrypoints or flags.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_CAP_STANDARD = NV_BIT(0)  //!< Standard Opacity Micromap support is available
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_CAPS;
+
+//! Flags specifying raytracing Displacement Micromap support.
+//! Additional flags will be added as support becomes available.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_CAPS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_CAP_NONE     = 0x0,       //!< Displacement Micromap support is not available.
+                                                                           //!< The application must not attempt to use any DMM entrypoints or flags.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_CAP_STANDARD = NV_BIT(0)  //!< Standard Displacement Micromap support is available
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_CAPS;
+
+//! List of Raytracing CAPS types that can be queried.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE_THREAD_REORDERING      =  0,
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE_OPACITY_MICROMAP       =  1,
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP  =  2,
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE_INVALID                = -1
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingCaps
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Query raytracing capabilities of a device.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice     Pointer to the device on which raytracing caps should be queried from.
+//! \param [in]     type        Raytracing caps type requested. (ex: NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE_THREAD_REORDERING)
+//! \param [out]    pData       Pointer to memory that receives caps. (ex: NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_THREAD_REORDERING_CAPS*)
+//! \param [in]     dataSize    Size in bytes to return to pData. Must match the size of the caps data requested. (ex: sizeof(NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_THREAD_REORDERING_CAPS))
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                   Completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER      A null pointer was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT     At least one of the arguments are invalid
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                Error occurred
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingCaps(
+    __in    ID3D12Device* pDevice,
+    __in    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_CAPS_TYPE type,
+    __out   void* pData,
+    __in    size_t dataSize);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && (defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__) || defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__))
+
+// Types used by both device and command list functions.
+
+//! Flags specifying building instructions and hints when constructing a DMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAGS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_NONE              = 0x0,       //!< No options specified for the DMM Array build.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_TRACE = NV_BIT(0), //!< Allow the DMM Array build to take a little longer in order to optimize for traversal performance.
+                                                                                                 //!< This flag is incompatible with #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_BUILD.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_BUILD = NV_BIT(1)  //!< Spend as little time as possible on the DMM Array build with some potential loss to traversal performance.
+                                                                                                 //!< This flag is incompatible with #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_TRACE.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAGS;
+
+//! Specifies the input Displacement Micromap formats.
+//! The DC1 (Displacement Compression 1) format follows the space-filling curve in barycentric space over the uniformly tessellated micro-triangles.
+//!
+//! \note This is a 16-bit value when used in #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_DESC
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_FORMAT
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_FORMAT_DC1_64_TRIS_64_BYTES    = 0x1, //!< 64 micro-triangles packed into 64 bytes
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_FORMAT_DC1_256_TRIS_128_BYTES  = 0x2, //!< 256 micro-triangles packed into 128 bytes
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_FORMAT_DC1_1024_TRIS_128_BYTES = 0x3, //!< 1024 micro-triangles packed into 128 bytes
+
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_FORMAT;
+
+//! Number of DMMs of a specific configuration in a DMM Array or BLAS build.
+//! Used to compute conservative buffer size estimates for DMM Array and BLAS builds.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT
+{
+    NvU32                                               count;            //!< For DMM Array builds: total number of DMMs in the DMM Array with the particular \p subdivisionLevel and \p format specified in this descriptor.
+                                                                          //!< For BLAS builds: total number of DMMs with the \p subdivisionLevel and \p format combination that is referenced from the BLAS.
+    NvU32                                               subdivisionLevel; //!< Number of subdivisions for the DMM; valid inputs are [0, 5] (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_DC1_MAX_SUBDIVISION_LEVEL).
+                                                                          //!< The total number of micro-triangles is 4<sup><tt>subdivisionLevel</tt></sup>.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_FORMAT format;           //!< Displacement Micromap format.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT;
+
+//! Describes one Displacement Micromap.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 byteOffset;       //!< Byte offset from the \c inputBuffer, specified in the input structure #NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS, to where the input DMM data is located.
+    NvU16 subdivisionLevel; //!< Number of subdivisions for the DMM; valid inputs are [0, 5] (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_DC1_MAX_SUBDIVISION_LEVEL).
+                            //!< The total number of micro-triangles is 4<sup><tt>subdivisionLevel</tt></sup>.
+    NvU16 format;           //!< Format of the DMM of type #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_FORMAT.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_DESC;
+
+//! Input structure to DMM Array construction.
+//! Individual DMMs are accessed via indices when used in bottom-level acceleration structure (BLAS) construction.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAGS  flags;             //!< Flags which apply to all DMMs in the array.
+    NvU32                                                           numDMMUsageCounts; //!< Number of DMM usage count entries in the \p pDMMUsageCounts array.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT* pDMMUsageCounts;   //!< Usage counts for each subdivision level and format combination across all the DMM entries in the build.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                       inputBuffer;       //!< Address for raw DMM input data; it must be 256-byte aligned (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT)
+                                                                                       //!< It is recommended to try to organize DMMs together in memory that are expected to be used close together spatially.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_AND_STRIDE                            perDMMDescs;       //!< GPU array with one #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_DESC entry per DMM.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS;
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && (defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__) || defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Conservative memory requirements for building a DMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO
+{
+    NvU64 resultDataMaxSizeInBytes; //!< Size required to hold the result of a DMM Array build based on the specified inputs.
+    NvU64 scratchDataSizeInBytes;   //!< Scratch storage on GPU required during DMM Array build based on the specified inputs.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO;
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                                  version; //!< [in]  Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS* pDesc;   //!< [in]  Description of the DMM Array build.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO*      pInfo;   //!< [out] Result of the query.
+} NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Query conservative memory requirements for building a DMM (Displacement Micromap) Array.
+//!              The returned size is conservative for DMM Array builds containing
+//!              a lower or equal number of entries for each resolution and format combination.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                      Device on which the DMM Array will be built.
+//! \param [in,out] pParams                      Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo(
+    __in    ID3D12Device5* pDevice,
+    __inout NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && (defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__) || defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__))
+
+// Types used by both device and command list functions.
+
+//! Flags specifying building instructions and hints when constructing an OMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAGS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_NONE              = 0x0,       //!< No options specified for the OMM Array build.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_TRACE = NV_BIT(0), //!< Allow the OMM Array build to take a little longer in order to optimize for traversal performance.
+                                                                                            //!< This flag is incompatible with #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_BUILD.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_BUILD = NV_BIT(1)  //!< Spend as little time as possible on the OMM Array build with some potential loss to traversal performance.
+                                                                                            //!< This flag is incompatible with #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_TRACE.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAGS;
+
+//! Specifies the input Opacity Micromap formats.
+//! The OC1 (Opacity Compression 1) format follows the space-filling curve in barycentric space over the uniformly tessellated micro-triangles.
+//!
+//! \note This is a 16-bit value when used in #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_DESC.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_FORMAT
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_FORMAT_OC1_2_STATE = 0x1, //!< 2-state (Transparent/Opaque) format.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_FORMAT_OC1_4_STATE = 0x2  //!< 4-state (Transparent/Opaque, Known/Unknown) format.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_FORMAT;
+
+//! Number of OMMs of a specific configuration in an OMM Array.
+//! Used to compute conservative buffer size estimates for OMM Array builds.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT
+{
+    NvU32                                          count;            //!< Total number of OMMs in the OMM Array with the particular \p subdivisionLevel and \p format specified in this descriptor.
+    NvU32                                          subdivisionLevel; //!< Number of subdivisions for the OMM; valid inputs are [0, 12] (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_OC1_MAX_SUBDIVISION_LEVEL).
+                                                                     //!< The total number of micro-triangles is 4<sup><tt>subdivisionLevel</tt></sup>.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_FORMAT format;           //!< Opacity Micromap format.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT;
+
+//! Describes one Opacity Micromap.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_DESC
+{
+    NvU32 byteOffset;       //!< Byte offset from the \c inputBuffer, specified in the input structure #NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS, to where the input OMM data is located.
+    NvU16 subdivisionLevel; //!< Number of subdivisions for the OMM; valid inputs are [0, 12] (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_OC1_MAX_SUBDIVISION_LEVEL).
+                            //!< The total number of micro-triangles is 4<sup><tt>subdivisionLevel</tt></sup>.
+    NvU16 format;           //!< Format of the OMM of type #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_FORMAT.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_DESC;
+
+//! Input structure to OMM Array construction.
+//! Individual OMMs are accessed via indices when used in bottom-level acceleration structure (BLAS) construction.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BUILD_FLAGS  flags;             //!< Flags which apply to all OMMs in the array.
+    NvU32                                                      numOMMUsageCounts; //!< Number of OMM usage count entries in the \p pOMMUsageCounts array.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT* pOMMUsageCounts;   //!< Usage counts for each subdivision level and format combination across all the OMM entries in the build.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                  inputBuffer;       //!< Address for raw OMM input data; it must be 256-byte aligned.
+                                                                                  //!< It is recommended to try to organize OMMs together in memory that are expected to be used close together spatially.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_AND_STRIDE                       perOMMDescs;       //!< GPU array with one #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_DESC entry per OMM.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS;
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && (defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__) || defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__))
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Conservative memory requirements for building an OMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO
+{
+    NvU64 resultDataMaxSizeInBytes; //!< Size required to hold the result of an OMM Array build based on the specified inputs.
+    NvU64 scratchDataSizeInBytes;   //!< Scratch storage on GPU required during OMM Array build based on the specified inputs.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO;
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                             version; //!< [in]  Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS* pDesc;   //!< [in]  Description of the OMM Array build.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO*      pInfo;   //!< [out] Result of the query.
+} NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Query conservative memory requirements for building an OMM (Opacity Micromap) Array.
+//!              The returned size is conservative for OMM Array builds containing
+//!              a lower or equal number of entries for each resolution and format combination.
+//!
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                      Device on which the OMM Array will be built.
+//! \param [in,out] pParams                      Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo(
+    __in    ID3D12Device5* pDevice,
+    __inout NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PREBUILD_INFO_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Pipeline creation state flags.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_PIPELINE_CREATION_STATE_FLAGS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_PIPELINE_CREATION_STATE_FLAGS_NONE               = 0,         //!< [in] No pipeline flags.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_PIPELINE_CREATION_STATE_FLAGS_ENABLE_OMM_SUPPORT = NV_BIT(0), //!< [in] Change whether raytracing pipelines are created with support for Opacity Micromaps.
+                                                                              //!<      If a triangle with an OMM is encountered during traversal and the pipeline was not created with support for them, behavior is undefined.
+                                                                              //!<      Support should only be enabled if there are OMMs present, since it may incur a small penalty on traversal performance overall.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_PIPELINE_CREATION_STATE_FLAGS_ENABLE_DMM_SUPPORT = NV_BIT(1), //!< [in] Change whether raytracing pipelines are created with support for Displacement Micromaps.
+                                                                              //!<      If a triangle with a DMM is encountered during traversal and the pipeline was not created with support for them, behavior is undefined.
+                                                                              //!<      Support should only be enabled if there are DMMs present, since it may incur a small penalty on traversal performance overall.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_PIPELINE_CREATION_STATE_FLAGS;
+
+//! State used when creating new pipelines.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32 version; //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_VER.
+    NvU32 flags;   //!< [in] A bitwise OR of one or more #NVAPI_D3D12_PIPELINE_CREATION_STATE_FLAGS flags for raytracing pipeline creation.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_SetCreatePipelineStateOptions
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Globally change the state affecting pipeline creations.
+//!              This affects all pipelines created after this call, and until this function is called again.
+//!
+//! \note Only supported on GPUs capable of DXR.
+//!       Some of the flags and fields have further restrictions, in which case their description will include a note with more details.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDevice                         Device on which the pipelines will be created.
+//! \param [in]  pState                          State to be applied to all future pipeline creations.
+
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_SetCreatePipelineStateOptions(
+    __in ID3D12Device5* pDevice,
+    __in const NVAPI_D3D12_SET_CREATE_PIPELINE_STATE_OPTIONS_PARAMS* pState);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Type of serialized data.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_TYPE_EX
+{
+    // D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_TYPE flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX = 0x0,      //!< Serialized data contains a raytracing acceleration structure.
+                                                                                 //!< Starting from offset 0, the first bytes of the serialized acceleration structure can be reinterpreted as \c D3D12_SERIALIZED_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_HEADER.
+                                                                                 //!< That structure contains the identifier to be passed along to NvAPI_D3D12_CheckDriverMatchingIdentifierEx().
+
+    // NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_TYPE_EX specific flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_EX = 0x1,      //!< Data blob contains an OMM Array.
+                                                                                 //!< Starting from offset 0, the first bytes of the OMM Array can be reinterpreted as \c D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_EX = 0x2, //!< Data blob contains a DMM Array.
+                                                                                 //!< Starting from offset 0, the first bytes of the DMM Array can be reinterpreted as \c D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER.
+
+} NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_TYPE_EX;
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_CheckDriverMatchingIdentifierEx().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                   version;            //!< [in]  Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_VER.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_TYPE_EX                     serializedDataType; //!< [in]  Type of data to be deserialized; see #NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_TYPE_EX.
+    const D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER* pIdentifierToCheck; //!< [in]  Identifier from the header of the serialized data to check with the driver; see \c D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER.
+                                                                                //!<       Information about how to retrieve that identifier can be found in the description of each #NVAPI_D3D12_SERIALIZED_DATA_TYPE_EX enum.
+    D3D12_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_STATUS                 checkStatus;        //!< [out] Result of the check; see \c D3D12_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_STATUS.
+} NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CheckDriverMatchingIdentifierEx
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This function is an extension of <tt>ID3D12Device5::CheckDriverMatchingIdentifier()</tt> with additional serialized data types.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                      Device on which the data will be deserialized.
+//! \param [in,out] pParams                      Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CheckDriverMatchingIdentifierEx(
+    __in    ID3D12Device5* pDevice,
+    __inout NVAPI_CHECK_DRIVER_MATCHING_IDENTIFIER_EX_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! This enum extends \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAGS with modified and additional values.
+//! Only modified/new values are fully described; for more information on the other values, please check Microsoft's DirectX Raytracing Specification.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAGS_EX
+{
+    // D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAGS flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_NONE_EX                            = 0x0,       //!< No options specified for the acceleration structure build.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_UPDATE_EX                    = NV_BIT(0), //!< Allow the acceleration structure to later be updated (via the flag #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_PERFORM_UPDATE_EX), rather than always requiring a full rebuild.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_COMPACTION_EX                = NV_BIT(1), //!< Allow for the acceleration structure to later be compacted.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_TRACE_EX               = NV_BIT(2), //!< Favorize higher raytracing performance at the cost of longer build times.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_PREFER_FAST_BUILD_EX               = NV_BIT(3), //!< Favorize faster build times at the cost of lower raytracing performance.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_MINIMIZE_MEMORY_EX                 = NV_BIT(4), //!< Minimize the memory footprint of the produced acceleration structure, potentially at the cost of longer build time or lower raytracing performance.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_PERFORM_UPDATE_EX                  = NV_BIT(5), //!< Instead of rebuilding the acceleration structure from scratch, the existing acceleration structure will be updated.
+                                                                                                             //!< Added behaviour: If #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_OMM_UPDATE_EX is specified, OMM references may be changed along with positions when an update is performed.
+
+    // NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAGS_EX specific flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_OMM_UPDATE_EX                = NV_BIT(6), //!< The acceleration structure (AS) supports updating OMM contents (base OMM Array and/or indices).
+                                                                                                             //!< Specifying this flag may result in larger AS size and may reduce traversal performance.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_DISABLE_OMMS_EX              = NV_BIT(7), //!< Only applicable for BLAS builds. If enabled, any instances referencing this BLAS are allowed to disable the OMM test through the #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_DISABLE_OMMS_EX flag.
+                                                                                                             //!< Specifying this build flag may result in some reductions in traversal performance.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_OMM_OPACITY_STATES_UPDATE_EX = NV_BIT(8), //!< The acceleration structure (AS) supports updating OMM data (encoded opacity values).
+                                                                                                             //!< Specifying this flag may reduce traversal performance.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_DATA_ACCESS_EX               = NV_BIT(9), //!< Allows triangle and micro-triangle data to be accessed through the BLAS via shader intrinsics.
+
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAGS_EX;
+
+//! This enum extends \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE with additional values.
+//! Only new values are fully described below; for more information on the other values, please check Microsoft's DirectX Raytracing Specification.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_EX
+{
+    // D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_EX                  = 0x0, //!< This geometry is made of basic triangles.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_PROCEDURAL_PRIMITIVE_AABBS_EX = 0x1, //!< This geometry is made of axis-aligned bounding boxes (AABBs).
+
+    // NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_EX specific flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_OMM_TRIANGLES_EX              = 0x2, //!< Shares most fields with the basic triangle geometry type, but allows an OMM Array to be attached to the geometry.
+                                                                              //!< The basic triangle type and this OMM-enabled type geometries may be mixed in the same BLAS build.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_DMM_TRIANGLES_EX              = 0x3, //!< Triangle geometry with attached DMM data.
+                                                                              //!< This geometry cannot be mixed with other geometry types in the same BLAS.
+
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_EX;
+
+//! If a triangle has a uniform OMM state in a BLAS build, it is preferable to signal this explicitly rather than attaching a single state OMM.
+//! This can be accomplished by supplying these special indices as entries in \c opacityMicromapIndexBuffer, in #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_OMM_TRIANGLES_DESC.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_SPECIAL_INDEX
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_SPECIAL_INDEX_FULLY_TRANSPARENT         = -1, //!< Uniform transparent OMM state.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_SPECIAL_INDEX_FULLY_OPAQUE              = -2, //!< Uniform opaque OMM state.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_SPECIAL_INDEX_FULLY_UNKNOWN_TRANSPARENT = -3, //!< Uniform unknown-transparent OMM state.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_SPECIAL_INDEX_FULLY_UNKNOWN_OPAQUE      = -4  //!< Uniform unknown-opaque OMM state.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_SPECIAL_INDEX;
+
+//! Geometry descriptor attachment with Opacity Micromaps.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_OMM_ATTACHMENT_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_AND_STRIDE                       opacityMicromapIndexBuffer;  //!< Optional buffer specifying which OMM index to use for each triangle; if \c NULL, there is a 1:1 mapping between input triangles and OMM Array entries.
+                                                                                            //!< Special values can be used to encode OMMs with uniform state for individual triangles (see #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_SPECIAL_INDEX).
+                                                                                            //!< For BLAS updates, this input buffer must match that of the original build if the #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_OMM_UPDATE_EX build flag is not set.
+    DXGI_FORMAT                                                opacityMicromapIndexFormat;  //!< Format of \c opacityMicromapIndexBuffer, either \c DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT or \c DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT.
+    NvU32                                                      opacityMicromapBaseLocation; //!< Constant added to all non-negative OMM indices in \p opacityMicromapIndexBuffer.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                  opacityMicromapArray;        //!< Pointer to an OMM Array used by this geometry; it may be set to \c NULL if no non-uniform OMMs are used.
+                                                                                            //!< Unlike vertex, index, and transform buffers, this resource is dereferenced during raytracing.
+
+    NvU32                                                      numOMMUsageCounts;           //!< Number of OMM usage count entries in the \p pOMMUsageCounts array.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT* pOMMUsageCounts;             //!< Usage counts for each subdivision level and format combination across all the OMM entries referred-to by the OMM index buffer specified by this geometry.
+
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_OMM_ATTACHMENT_DESC;
+
+//! The edge vA..vB is decimated: after subdivision the number of micro-triangles on that edge is halved.
+//! (i.e. the neighboring primitive can have a lower subdivision level without introducing cracks)
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_PRIMITIVE_FLAGS
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_PRIMITIVE_FLAG_DECIMATE_01 = NV_BIT(0),
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_PRIMITIVE_FLAG_DECIMATE_12 = NV_BIT(1),
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_PRIMITIVE_FLAG_DECIMATE_20 = NV_BIT(2),
+
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_PRIMITIVE_FLAGS;
+
+//! Geometry descriptor attachment with Displacement Micromaps.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DMM_ATTACHMENT_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_AND_STRIDE                            triangleMicromapIndexBuffer;    //!< Optional buffer specifying which DMM index to use for each triangle; if \c NULL, there is a 1:1 mapping between input triangles and DMM Array entries.
+                                                                                                    //!< For BLAS updates, this input buffer must match that of the original build.
+    DXGI_FORMAT                                                     triangleMicromapIndexFormat;    //!< Format of \c displacementMicromapIndexBuffer, either \c DXGI_FORMAT_R32_UINT or \c DXGI_FORMAT_R16_UINT.
+    NvU32                                                           triangleMicromapBaseLocation;   //!< Constant added to all DMM indices in \p displacementMicromapIndexBuffer.
+
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_AND_STRIDE                            trianglePrimitiveFlagsBuffer;   //!< Optional, per-triangle UINT8 mode flags (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_PRIMITIVE_FLAGS)
+
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_AND_STRIDE                            vertexBiasAndScaleBuffer;       //!< Optional displacement base vertex bias and displacement vector scale buffer. If not supplied, bias defaults to 0 and scale to 1.
+    DXGI_FORMAT                                                     vertexBiasAndScaleFormat;       //!< Format of \c displacementBiasAndScaleBuffer. Supported formats are \c DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16_FLOAT and \c DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32_FLOAT
+
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS_AND_STRIDE                            vertexDisplacementVectorBuffer; //!< Per-vertex displacement vector buffer. This buffer is indexed using the index buffer from the base triangle geometry.
+    DXGI_FORMAT                                                     vertexDisplacementVectorFormat; //!< Format of \c displacementVectorBuffer. Supported formats are \c DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32_FLOAT, \c DXGI_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_FLOAT, and \c DXGI_FORMAT_R16G16B16A16_FLOAT (The Alpha channel is ignored, and stride can be set accordingly).
+
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                       displacementMicromapArray;      //!< Pointer to a DMM Array used by this geometry.
+                                                                                                    //!< Unlike vertex, index, and transform buffers, this resource is dereferenced during raytracing.
+
+    NvU32                                                           numDMMUsageCounts;              //!< Number of DMM usage count entries in the \p pDMMUsageCounts array.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_USAGE_COUNT* pDMMUsageCounts;                //!< Usage counts for each subdivision level and format combination across all the DMM entries referred-to by the DMM index buffer specified by this geometry.
+
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DMM_ATTACHMENT_DESC;
+
+//! Geometry triangle descriptor with attached augmented Displacement Micromaps.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DMM_TRIANGLES_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TRIANGLES_DESC            triangles;     //!< Triangle mesh descriptor.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DMM_ATTACHMENT_DESC dmmAttachment; //!< Displacement Micromap attachment descriptor.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DMM_TRIANGLES_DESC;
+
+//! Geometry triangle descriptor with attached augmented Opacity Micromaps.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_OMM_TRIANGLES_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TRIANGLES_DESC            triangles;     //!< Triangle mesh descriptor.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_OMM_ATTACHMENT_DESC ommAttachment; //!< Opacity Micromap attachment descriptor.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_OMM_TRIANGLES_DESC;
+
+//! This structure extends \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DESC by supporting additional geometry types.
+//! Only new members are fully described below; for more information on the other members, please check Microsoft's DirectX Raytracing Specification.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DESC_EX
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_EX type;  //!< The type of geometry stored in the union of this structure.
+    D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_FLAGS         flags; //!< Flags affecting how this geometry is processed by the raytracing pipeline.
+    union
+    {
+        D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TRIANGLES_DESC           triangles;    //!< Describes triangle geometry if \c type is #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_TRIANGLES_EX.
+                                                                         //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused (space repurposed in a union).
+        D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_AABBS_DESC               aabbs;        //!< Describes AABB geometry if \c type is #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_PROCEDURAL_PRIMITIVE_AABBS_EX.
+                                                                         //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused (space repurposed in a union).
+        NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_OMM_TRIANGLES_DESC ommTriangles; //!< Describes triangle geometry which may optionally use Opacity Micromaps, if \c type is #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_OMM_TRIANGLES_EX.
+                                                                         //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused (space repurposed in a union).
+        NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DMM_TRIANGLES_DESC dmmTriangles; //!< Describes micro-triangle geometry, if \c type is #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_TYPE_DMM_TRIANGLES_EX.
+                                                                         //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused (space repurposed in a union).
+    };
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DESC_EX;
+
+//! This enum extends \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAGS with additional values.
+//! Only new values are fully described below; for more information on the other values, please check Microsoft's DirectX Raytracing Specification.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAGS_EX
+{
+    // D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAGS flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_NONE_EX                            = 0x0,       //!< No options specified for this instance.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_TRIANGLE_CULL_DISABLE_EX           = NV_BIT(0), //!< Disable triangle culling for this instance.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_TRIANGLE_FRONT_COUNTERCLOCKWISE_EX = NV_BIT(1), //!< Use counter-clockwise winding for defining front faces, instead of the default of clockwise winding.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_FORCE_OPAQUE_EX                    = NV_BIT(2), //!< Force all geometries in this instance to be opaque.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_FORCE_NON_OPAQUE_EX                = NV_BIT(3), //!< All geometries in this instance will be processed as if they never had the \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_FLAG_OPAQUE flag applied to them.
+
+    // NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAGS_EX specific flags
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_FORCE_OMM_2_STATE_EX               = NV_BIT(4), //!< Ignore the Unknown state and only consider the Transparent/Opaque bit for all 4-state OMMs encountered during traversal.
+                                                                                         //!< This flag has no effect if #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_DISABLE_OMMS_EX is set.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_DISABLE_OMMS_EX                    = NV_BIT(5)  //!< Disable OMMs for all triangles, and revert to using geometry opaque/non-opaque state instead (legacy behavior).
+                                                                                         //!< This flag is only valid if the referenced BLAS was built with the #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAG_ALLOW_DISABLE_OMMS_EX flag; omitting that flag during BLAS build will result in undefined behavior.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAGS_EX;
+
+//! This structure extends \c D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_INPUTS by supporting additional geometry types.
+//! Only modified members are fully described below; for more information on the other members, please check Microsoft's DirectX Raytracing Specification.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_INPUTS_EX
+{
+    D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE                 type;                      //!< Whether a top-level acceleration structure (TLAS) or bottom-level acceleration structure (BLAS) will be built using this information.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BUILD_FLAGS_EX flags;                     //!< Options influencing how the acceleration structure is built and which of its features can be used.
+    NvU32                                                        numDescs;                  //!< If \c type is \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TOP_LEVEL, it represents the number of descriptions stored in \c instanceDescs.
+                                                                                            //!< Otherwise, it contains the number of geometry descriptions stored in \c pGeometryDescs or \c ppGeometryDescs.
+    D3D12_ELEMENTS_LAYOUT                                        descsLayout;               //!< If \c type is \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BOTTOM_LEVEL, it specifies which of \c pGeometryDescs and \c ppGeometryDescs to use.
+                                                                                            //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused.
+    NvU32                                                        geometryDescStrideInBytes; //!< Stride between consecutive geometry descriptors. Should typically be set to sizeof(NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DESC_EX).
+                                                                                            //!< Only used if \c type is \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BOTTOM_LEVEL and \c descLayout is \c D3D12_ELEMENTS_LAYOUT_ARRAY.
+                                                                                            //!< This field guarantees backwards compatibility, even if the geometry descriptor size increases in future NVAPI versions.
+    union
+    {
+        D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                            instanceDescs;   //!< If \c type is \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_TOP_LEVEL, the referenced instance structures can used the extended set of flags #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAGS_EX in place of the \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAGS mentioned in \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_DESC.
+                                                                              //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused (space repurposed in a union).
+        const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DESC_EX*       pGeometryDescs;  //!< If \c type is \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BOTTOM_LEVEL and \c descLayout is \c D3D12_ELEMENTS_LAYOUT_ARRAY, it contains the descriptions of all geometries to be built into a BLAS.
+                                                                              //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused (space repurposed in a union).
+        const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_GEOMETRY_DESC_EX*const* ppGeometryDescs; //!< If \c type is \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_BOTTOM_LEVEL and \c descLayout is \c D3D12_ELEMENTS_LAYOUT_ARRAY_OF_POINTERS, it contains the addresses of descriptions for all geometries to be built into a BLAS.
+                                                                              //!< Otherwise, this parameter is unused (space repurposed in a union).
+    };
+} NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_INPUTS_EX;
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingAccelerationStructurePrebuildInfoEx().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                                version; //!< [in]  Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_INPUTS_EX* pDesc;   //!< [in]  Description of the acceleration-structure build.
+    D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO*               pInfo;   //!< [out] Result of the query.
+} NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingAccelerationStructurePrebuildInfoEx
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This function is an extension of <tt>ID3D12Device5::GetRaytracingAccelerationStructurePrebuildInfo()</tt> with additional input types.
+//!
+//! \note Only supported on GPUs capable of DXR.
+//!       Some of the flags and fields have further restrictions, in which case their description will include a note with more details.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                      Device on which the acceleration structure will be built.
+//! \param [in,out] pParams                      Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingAccelerationStructurePrebuildInfoEx(
+    __in    ID3D12Device5* pDevice,
+    __inout NVAPI_GET_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_PREBUILD_INFO_EX_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12Device5_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Description of the inputs and memory areas used during the building of OMM Arrays.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                  destOpacityMicromapArrayData;    //!< Output location for the OMM Array build.
+                                                                                                //!< NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo() reports the amount of memory required for the result given a set of input parameters.
+                                                                                                //!< The address must be aligned to 256 bytes (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT).
+    NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS inputs;                          //!< Description of the input data for the OMM Array build.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                  scratchOpacityMicromapArrayData; //!< Location where the build will store temporary data.
+                                                                                                //!< NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo() reports the amount of scratch memory the implementation will need for a given set of input parameters.
+                                                                                                //!< The address must be aligned to 256 bytes (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT).
+                                                                                                //!< Contents of this memory going into a build on the GPU timeline are irrelevant and will not be preserved.
+                                                                                                //!< After the build is complete on the GPU timeline, the memory is left with whatever undefined contents the build finished with.
+                                                                                                //!< The memory pointed to must be in state \c D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_DESC;
+
+//! Structure emitted by NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo(), and optionally NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray(), when \c type equals #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE_DESC
+{
+    NvU64 currentSizeInBytes; //!< Size of the OMM Array buffer.
+                              //!< The queried size may be smaller than the size reported by NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo().
+                              //!< This allows the application to move and relocate the OMM Array to a smaller buffer to reclaim any unused memory after the OMM Array build is complete.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE_DESC;
+
+//! Type of postbuild info to emit after an OMM Array build.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE       = 0x0  //!< Size of the current OMM Array. May be smaller than reported by the NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo() call.
+                                                                                           //!< Unused memory can be reclaimed by copying the OMM Array into a new resource; see #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE_DESC.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE;
+
+//! Description of the postbuild information to generate from an OMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                        destBuffer; //!< Result storage.
+                                                                                 //!< Size required and the layout of the contents written by the system depend on \p infoType.
+                                                                                 //!< The memory pointed to must be in state \c D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS.
+                                                                                 //!< The memory must be aligned to the natural alignment for the members of the particular output structure being generated (e.g. 8 bytes for a struct with the largest member being \c NvU64).
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE infoType;  //!< Type of postbuild information to retrieve.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC;
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                                    version;               //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_DESC*          pDesc;                 //!< [in] Description of the OMM Array build.
+    NvU32                                                                    numPostbuildInfoDescs; //!< [in] Size of postbuild info desc array. Set to 0 if none are needed.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC* pPostbuildInfoDescs;   //!< [in] Optional array of descriptions for postbuild info to generate describing properties of the acceleration structure that was built.
+                                                                                                    //!< [in] Any given postbuild info type, \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCEELRATION_STRUCTURE_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE, can only be selected for output by at most one array entry.
+} NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Construct OMM Array for a collection of OMMs on the GPU.
+//!              The CPU-side input buffers are not referenced after this call.
+//!              The GPU-side input resources are not referenced after the build has concluded after <tt>ExecuteCommandList()</tt>.
+//!              Additionally, the application may optionally output postbuild information immediately after the build.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in] pCommandList                     Command list on which the command will execute.
+//! \param [in] pParams                          Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_COMBINATION            <tt>pParams->pPostbuildInfoDescs</tt> was set to \c NULL while <tt>pParams->numPostbuildInfoDescs</tt> is non zero.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray(
+    __in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4* pCommandList,
+    __in NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_RelocateRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                     version;              //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS opacityMicromapArray; //!< [in] OMM Array current memory address; it must be 256-byte aligned (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT).
+} NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_RelocateRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Makes the OMM Array usable at its current location in memory.
+//!              An OMM Array that has been copied to a new location must be relocated using this function before it may be attached to any BLAS.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in] pCommandList                     Command list on which the command will execute.
+//! \param [in] pParams                          Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_RelocateRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray(
+    __in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4* pCommandList,
+    __in const NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Description of the inputs and memory areas used during the building of DMM Arrays.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                       destDisplacementMicromapArrayData;    //!< Output location for the DMM Array build.
+                                                                                                          //!< NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo() reports the amount of memory required for the result given a set of input parameters.
+                                                                                                          //!< The address must be aligned to 256 bytes (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT).
+    NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_INPUTS inputs;                               //!< Description of the input data for the DMM Array build.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                       scratchDisplacementMicromapArrayData; //!< Location where the build will store temporary data.
+                                                                                                          //!< NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo() reports the amount of scratch memory the implementation will need for a given set of input parameters.
+                                                                                                          //!< The address must be aligned to 256 bytes (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT).
+                                                                                                          //!< Contents of this memory going into a build on the GPU timeline are irrelevant and will not be preserved.
+                                                                                                          //!< After the build is complete on the GPU timeline, the memory is left with whatever undefined contents the build finished with.
+                                                                                                          //!< The memory pointed to must be in state \c D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_DESC;
+
+//! Structure emitted by NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo(), and optionally NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArray(), when \c type equals #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE_DESC
+{
+    NvU64 currentSizeInBytes; //!< Size of the DMM Array buffer.
+                              //!< The queried size may be smaller than the size reported by NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo().
+                              //!< This allows the application to move and relocate the DMM Array to a smaller buffer to reclaim any unused memory after the DMM Array build is complete.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE_DESC;
+
+//! Type of postbuild info to emit after a DMM Array build.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE = 0x0, //!< Size of the current DMM Array. May be smaller than reported by the NvAPI_D3D12_GetRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPrebuildInfo() call.
+                                                                                          //!< Unused memory can be reclaimed by copying the DMM Array into a new resource; see #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_CURRENT_SIZE_DESC.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE;
+
+//! Description of the postbuild information to generate from a DMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                              destBuffer; //!< Result storage.
+                                                                                       //!< Size required and the layout of the contents written by the system depend on \p infoType.
+                                                                                       //!< The memory pointed to must be in state \c D3D12_RESOURCE_STATE_UNORDERED_ACCESS.
+                                                                                       //!< The memory must be aligned to the natural alignment for the members of the particular output structure being generated (e.g. 8 bytes for a struct with the largest member being \c NvU64).
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE infoType;   //!< Type of postbuild information to retrieve.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC;
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArray().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                                         version;               //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_DESC*          pDesc;                 //!< [in] Description of the DMM Array build.
+    NvU32                                                                         numPostbuildInfoDescs; //!< [in] Size of postbuild info desc array. Set to 0 if none are needed.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC* pPostbuildInfoDescs;   //!< [in] Optional array of descriptions for postbuild info to generate describing properties of the acceleration structure that was built.
+                                                                                                         //!< [in] Any given postbuild info type, \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCEELRATION_STRUCTURE_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE, can only be selected for output by at most one array entry.
+} NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArray
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Construct DMM Array for a collection of DMMs on the GPU.
+//!              The CPU-side input buffers are not referenced after this call.
+//!              The GPU-side input resources are not referenced after the build has concluded after <tt>ExecuteCommandList()</tt>.
+//!              Additionally, the application may optionally output postbuild information immediately after the build.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in] pCommandList                     Command list on which the command will execute.
+//! \param [in] pParams                          Wrapper around the inputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_COMBINATION            <tt>pParams->pPostbuildInfoDescs</tt> was set to \c NULL while <tt>pParams->numPostbuildInfoDescs</tt> is non zero.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArray(
+    __in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4* pCommandList,
+    __in NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_RelocateRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArray().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                     version;                   //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS displacementMicromapArray; //!< [in] DMM Array current memory address; it must be 256-byte aligned (#NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT).
+} NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_RelocateRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArray
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Makes the DMM Array usable at its current location in memory.
+//!              A DMM Array that has been copied to a new location must be relocated using this function before it may be attached to any BLAS.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in] pCommandList                     Command list on which the command will execute.
+//! \param [in] pParams                          Wrapper around the inputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_RelocateRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArray(
+    __in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4* pCommandList,
+    __in const NVAPI_RELOCATE_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                                         version;    //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC* pDesc;      //!< [in] Description of which postbuild info to emit.
+    NvU32                                                                         numSources; //!< [in] Number of DMM Arrays in \p pSources.
+    const D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS*                                              pSources;   //!< [in] List of DMM Arrays for which postbuild info should be emitted.
+} NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Emits information about one or more DMM Arrays, only available after the DMM Array constructions have finished.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 525
+//!
+//! \param [in] pCommandList                     Command list on which the command will execute.
+//! \param [in] pParams                          Wrapper around the inputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingDisplacementMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo(
+    __in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4* pCommandList,
+    __in const NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                                    version;    //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC* pDesc;      //!< [in] Description of which postbuild info to emit.
+    NvU32                                                                    numSources; //!< [in] Number of OMM Arrays in \p pSources.
+    const D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS*                                         pSources;   //!< [in] List of OMM Arrays for which postbuild info should be emitted.
+} NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Emits information about one or more OMM Arrays, only available after the OMM Array constructions have finished.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in] pCommandList                     Command list on which the command will execute.
+//! \param [in] pParams                          Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_EmitRaytracingOpacityMicromapArrayPostbuildInfo(
+    __in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4* pCommandList,
+    __in const NVAPI_EMIT_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_POSTBUILD_INFO_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+//! This structure extends \c D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DESC by supporting additional geometry types as inputs.
+//! For more information on the different members, please check Microsoft's DirectX Raytracing Specification.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DESC_EX
+{
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                     destAccelerationStructureData;    //!< Memory where the resulting acceleration structure will be stored.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_INPUTS_EX inputs;                           //!< The inputs to the build process.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                     sourceAccelerationStructureData;  //!< The acceleration structure to be updated.
+                                                                                                    //!< Otherwise if the acceleration structure should be rebuilt entirely, this value must be \c NULL.
+    D3D12_GPU_VIRTUAL_ADDRESS                                     scratchAccelerationStructureData; //!< Memory that will be temporarily used during the building process.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DESC_EX;
+
+//! Parameters given to NvAPI_D3D12_RelocateRaytracingOpacityMicromapArray().
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef struct _NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_V1
+{
+    NvU32                                                              version;               //!< [in] Structure version; it should be set to #NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_VER.
+    const NVAPI_D3D12_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_DESC_EX* pDesc;                 //!< [in] Description of the acceleration structure to build.
+    NvU32                                                              numPostbuildInfoDescs; //!< [in] Size of postbuild info desc array. Set to 0 if none are needed.
+    const D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_POSTBUILD_INFO_DESC* pPostbuildInfoDescs;   //!< [in] Optional array of descriptions for postbuild info to generate describing properties of the acceleration structure that was built.
+                                                                                              //!<      Any given postbuild info type, \c D3D12_RAYTRACING_ACCEELRATION_STRUCTURE_POSTBUILD_INFO_TYPE, can only be selected for output by at most one array entry.
+} NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_V1;
+#define NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_VER1          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_V1, 1)
+typedef NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_V1            NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS;
+#define NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_VER           NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingAccelerationStructureEx
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: Perform an acceleration structure build on the GPU.
+//!              Also optionally output postbuild information immediately after the build.
+//!              This function is an extension of <tt>ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4::BuildRaytracingAccelerationStructure()</tt> with additional serialized data types.
+//!
+//! \note Only supported on GPUs capable of DXR.
+//!       Some of the flags and fields have further restrictions, in which case their description will include a note with more details.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//! \param [in] pCommandList                     Command list on which the command will execute.
+//! \param [in] pParams                          Wrapper around the inputs and outputs of the function.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status.
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_COMBINATION            <tt>pParams->pPostbuildInfoDescs</tt> was set to \c NULL while <tt>pParams->numPostbuildInfoDescs</tt> is non zero.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_BuildRaytracingAccelerationStructureEx(
+    __in ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4* pCommandList,
+    __in const NVAPI_BUILD_RAYTRACING_ACCELERATION_STRUCTURE_EX_PARAMS* pParams);
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// 
+// Miscellaneous
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! Opacity Micromap micro-triangle states.
+//! Not part of any input, but listed here for convenience.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_STATE
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_STATE_TRANSPARENT         = 0, //!< Transparent OMM state: hit is ignored.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_STATE_OPAQUE              = 1, //!< Opaque OMM state: hit is committed.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_STATE_UNKNOWN_TRANSPARENT = 2, //!< Unknown-transparent OMM state.
+                                                                           //!< * If operating in 2-state mode, ignore hit.
+                                                                           //!< * If operating in 4-state mode, invoke any-hit shader.
+    NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_STATE_UNKNOWN_OPAQUE      = 3  //!< Unknown-opaque OMM state.
+                                                                           //!< * If operating in 2-state mode, commit hit.
+                                                                           //!< * If operating in 4-state mode, invoke any-hit shader.
+} NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_STATE;
+
+//! Mandatory alignment for the address of an OMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT 256
+
+//! Highest subdivision-level allowed with OC1.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_OPACITY_MICROMAP_OC1_MAX_SUBDIVISION_LEVEL 12
+
+//! A list of flags that can be given to the \c TraceRay() function in HLSL.
+//! Only new or modified values are fully described below; for more information on the other values, please check Microsoft's DirectX Raytracing Specification.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+typedef enum _NVAPI_RAY_FLAGS_EX
+{
+    // RAY_FLAGS flags
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_NONE_EX                            = 0x0,        //!< No flag specified.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_FORCE_OPAQUE_EX                    = NV_BIT( 0), //!< Consider all intersected geometries to be opaque, regardless of the flags specified at the geometry and instance level.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_FORCE_NON_OPAQUE_EX                = NV_BIT( 1), //!< Consider all intersected geometries to be non-opaque, regardless of the flags specified at the geometry and instance level.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_ACCEPT_FIRST_HIT_AND_END_SEARCH_EX = NV_BIT( 2), //!< End the traversal as soon as a geometry is hit, and that hit is not ignored by the any hit shader.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_SKIP_CLOSEST_HIT_SHADER_EX         = NV_BIT( 3), //!< Do not invoke the closest hit shader once the traversal ends.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_CULL_BACK_FACING_TRIANGLES_EX      = NV_BIT( 4), //!< Never intersect triangle geometries that are back facing with regard to the ray.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_CULL_FRONT_FACING_TRIANGLES_EX     = NV_BIT( 5), //!< Never intersect triangle geometries that are front facing with regard to the ray.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_CULL_OPAQUE_EX                     = NV_BIT( 6), //!< Never intersect geometries that were flagged as opaque.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_CULL_NON_OPAQUE_EX                 = NV_BIT( 7), //!< Never intersect geometries that were not flagged as opaque.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_SKIP_TRIANGLES_EX                  = NV_BIT( 8), //!< Never intersect triangle geometries.
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_SKIP_PROCEDURAL_PRIMITIVES_EX      = NV_BIT( 9), //!< Never intersect AABB geometries.
+
+    // NVAPI_RAY_FLAGS_EX specific flags
+    NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_FORCE_OMM_2_STATE_EX               = NV_BIT(10), //!< Treat unknown-opaque and unknown-transparent as opaque and transparent, respectively, during traversal.
+                                                                    //!< If an instance is flagged with #NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_INSTANCE_FLAG_DISABLE_OMMS_EX, that takes precedence over this flag.
+} NVAPI_RAY_FLAG_EX;
+
+//! Mandatory alignment for the address of a DMM Array.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_ARRAY_BYTE_ALIGNMENT 256
+
+//! Highest subdivision-level allowed with DC1.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_RAYTRACING_DISPLACEMENT_MICROMAP_DC1_MAX_SUBDIVISION_LEVEL 5
+
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__) && defined(__ID3D12GraphicsCommandList4_INTERFACE_DEFINED__)
+
+
+//! \ingroup DX
+typedef enum _NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_PRESENT_BARRIER = 1,       // PresentBarrier feature
+    NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_RDMA_BAR1_SUPPORT = 2,     // RDMA heap supported via Bar1 carveout
+} NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE;
+
+// parameter structure for NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_RDMA_BAR1_AVAILABLE related information
+typedef struct _NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_RDMA_PROPERTIES
+{
+    NvU64 rdmaHeapSize;     // maximum available Bar1 heap size for RDMA allocations
+} NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_RDMA_PROPERTIES;
+
+// parameter structure for querying workstation feature information
+typedef struct _NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                              //!< (IN) Structure version
+    NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE   workstationFeatureType; //!< (IN) the type of workstation feature to be queried
+    NvBool                              supported;              //!< (OUT) boolean returning if feature is supported
+    union
+    {
+        NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_RDMA_PROPERTIES  rdmaInfo;       //!< (OUT) RDMA feature related information, returned only if
+                                                                      //!<       workstationFeatureType is NV_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_TYPE_RDMA_BAR1_SUPPORT
+    };
+} NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS_V1;
+
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS_VER1 MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS_V1,1)
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS_VER  NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS_VER1
+#define NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS      NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS_V1
+
+
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_QueryWorkstationFeatureProperties
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns information about the properties of specific workstation features on the specified device.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 530
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice                         The ID3D12Device device which is queried for feature properties
+//! \param [inout]  pWorkstationFeatureProperties   Pointer to a structure containing workstation feature query information.
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK                     the call succeeded
+//! \return ::NVAPI_ERROR                  the call failed
+//! \return ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION      the API is not implemented
+//! \return ::NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER        an invalid pointer was passed as an argument
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED    NvAPI not initialized
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_QueryWorkstationFeatureProperties(__in ID3D12Device *pDevice, __inout NVAPI_D3D12_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_PROPERTIES_PARAMS *pWorkstationFeatureProperties);
+#endif // defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+
+#if defined (__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedRDMABuffer
+//
+//! \since Release: 530
+//
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedRDMABuffer is a wrapper of ID3D12Device::CreateCommittedResource 
+//!                which allows to allocate linear memory which can be used for remote direct memory access (RDMA) from other devices.
+//!                It creates an implicit D3D12 heap of the requested size, allocates the resource and returns an RDMA address for remote direct memory access.
+//!                The created memory will reside on the specified device local memory and won't be cpu accessible.
+//!
+//!         \param [in]        pDevice                A pointer to a D3D12 device.
+//!         \param [in]        size                   Size in bytes of the linear buffer to be allocated for the resource.
+//!         \param [in]        heapCreationNodeMask   This mask indicates the node where the resource should be created.
+//!         \param [in]        heapVisibleNodeMask    This mask indicates on which nodes the resource is accessible.
+//!         \param [in]        riidResource           The globally unique identifier (GUID) for the resource interface.
+//!         \param [out]       ppvResource            A pointer to memory that receives the requested interface pointer to the created resource object. 
+//!         \param [out]       ppRDMAAddress          A pointer to memory that receives the Bar1 memory region for remote direct memory access.
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D12_CreateCommittedRDMABuffer(
+        __in  ID3D12Device* pDevice,
+        __in  NvU64 size,
+        __in  NvU32 heapCreationNodeMask,
+        __in  NvU32 heapVisibleNodeMask,
+        __in  REFIID riidResource,
+        __out void **ppvResource,
+        __out void **ppRDMAAddress);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// NVAPI DIRECT TYPE NAME: INvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+class INvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList
+{
+public:
+    virtual bool IsValid() const = 0;
+    virtual ID3D12GraphicsCommandList* GetID3D12GraphicsCommandList() const = 0;
+
+    void DispatchGraphics(NvU32 numDispatches);
+    void SetMarker(void* pMarkerData, NvU32 markerSize);
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// NVAPI DIRECT FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList_Create
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Create the NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList handle.
+//!                This function must be called after ID3D12Device::CreateCommandList.
+//!
+//! \param [in]         pDXD3D12GraphicsCommandList             The ID3D12GraphicsCommandList
+//! \param [out]        ppReturnD3D12GraphicsCommandList        The corresponding NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList handle
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList_Create(__in  ID3D12GraphicsCommandList              *pDXD3D12GraphicsCommandList, 
+                                                            __out INvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList **ppReturnD3D12GraphicsCommandList);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// NVAPI DIRECT FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList_Release
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: release the NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList handle.
+//!
+//! \param [in]         pD3D12GraphicsCommandList               The NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList handle to release
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList_Release(__in INvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList *pD3D12GraphicsCommandList);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// NVAPI DIRECT FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList_Reset
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: reset the NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList handle.
+//!                This function must be called after ID3D12GraphicsCommandList::Reset() and before any other NvAPI_Direct 
+//!                function calls such as dispatchGraphics() etc.
+//!
+//! \param [in]         pD3D12GraphicsCommandList               The NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList handle to reset
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList_Reset(__in INvAPI_DirectD3D12GraphicsCommandList *pD3D12GraphicsCommandList);
+#endif
+
+
+
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Video Input Output (VIO) API
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup vidio
+//! Unique identifier for VIO owner (process identifier or NVVIOOWNERID_NONE)
+typedef NvU32   NVVIOOWNERID;                               
+
+
+//! \addtogroup vidio
+//! @{
+
+
+#define NVVIOOWNERID_NONE                   0      //!< Unregistered ownerId        
+
+
+//! Owner type for device
+typedef enum _NVVIOOWNERTYPE                               
+{
+    NVVIOOWNERTYPE_NONE                             ,       //!<  No owner for the device
+    NVVIOOWNERTYPE_APPLICATION                      ,       //!<  Application owns the device
+    NVVIOOWNERTYPE_DESKTOP                          ,       //!<  Desktop transparent mode owns the device (not applicable for video input)
+}NVVIOOWNERTYPE;
+
+// Access rights for NvAPI_VIO_Open()
+
+//! Read access             (not applicable for video output)
+#define NVVIO_O_READ                        0x00000000      
+
+//! Write exclusive access  (not applicable for video input)
+#define NVVIO_O_WRITE_EXCLUSIVE             0x00010001      
+
+//! 
+#define NVVIO_VALID_ACCESSRIGHTS            (NVVIO_O_READ              | \
+                                             NVVIO_O_WRITE_EXCLUSIVE   )
+
+              
+//! VIO_DATA.ulOwnerID high-bit is set only if device has been initialized by VIOAPI
+//! examined at NvAPI_GetCapabilities|NvAPI_VIO_Open to determine if settings need to be applied from registry or POR state read
+#define NVVIO_OWNERID_INITIALIZED  0x80000000
+
+//! VIO_DATA.ulOwnerID next-bit is set only if device is currently in exclusive write access mode from NvAPI_VIO_Open()
+#define NVVIO_OWNERID_EXCLUSIVE    0x40000000
+                                              
+//! VIO_DATA.ulOwnerID lower bits are:
+//!  NVGVOOWNERTYPE_xxx enumerations indicating use context
+#define NVVIO_OWNERID_TYPEMASK     0x0FFFFFFF //!< mask for NVVIOOWNERTYPE_xxx
+
+
+//! @}
+              
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Enumerations
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+//! \addtogroup vidio
+//! @{
+
+//! Video signal format and resolution
+typedef enum _NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT
+{
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_NONE,                //!< Invalid signal format 
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_487I_59_94_SMPTE259_NTSC,     //!< 01  487i    59.94Hz  (SMPTE259) NTSC
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_576I_50_00_SMPTE259_PAL,      //!< 02  576i    50.00Hz  (SMPTE259) PAL
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1035I_60_00_SMPTE260,         //!< 03  1035i   60.00Hz  (SMPTE260)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1035I_59_94_SMPTE260,         //!< 04  1035i   59.94Hz  (SMPTE260)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_50_00_SMPTE295,         //!< 05  1080i   50.00Hz  (SMPTE295)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_60_00_SMPTE274,         //!< 06  1080i   60.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_59_94_SMPTE274,         //!< 07  1080i   59.94Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_50_00_SMPTE274,         //!< 08  1080i   50.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_30_00_SMPTE274,         //!< 09  1080p   30.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_29_97_SMPTE274,         //!< 10  1080p   29.97Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_25_00_SMPTE274,         //!< 11  1080p   25.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_24_00_SMPTE274,         //!< 12  1080p   24.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_23_976_SMPTE274,        //!< 13  1080p   23.976Hz (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_60_00_SMPTE296,          //!< 14  720p    60.00Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_59_94_SMPTE296,          //!< 15  720p    59.94Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_50_00_SMPTE296,          //!< 16  720p    50.00Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_48_00_SMPTE274,         //!< 17  1080I   48.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_47_96_SMPTE274,         //!< 18  1080I   47.96Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_30_00_SMPTE296,          //!< 19  720p    30.00Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_29_97_SMPTE296,          //!< 20  720p    29.97Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_25_00_SMPTE296,          //!< 21  720p    25.00Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_24_00_SMPTE296,          //!< 22  720p    24.00Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_720P_23_98_SMPTE296,          //!< 23  720p    23.98Hz  (SMPTE296)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_30_00_SMPTE372,         //!< 24  2048p   30.00Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_29_97_SMPTE372,         //!< 25  2048p   29.97Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_60_00_SMPTE372,         //!< 26  2048i   60.00Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_59_94_SMPTE372,         //!< 27  2048i   59.94Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_25_00_SMPTE372,         //!< 28  2048p   25.00Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_50_00_SMPTE372,         //!< 29  2048i   50.00Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_24_00_SMPTE372,         //!< 30  2048p   24.00Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_23_98_SMPTE372,         //!< 31  2048p   23.98Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_48_00_SMPTE372,         //!< 32  2048i   48.00Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_47_96_SMPTE372,         //!< 33  2048i   47.96Hz  (SMPTE372)
+    
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080PSF_25_00_SMPTE274,       //!< 34  1080PsF 25.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080PSF_29_97_SMPTE274,       //!< 35  1080PsF 29.97Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080PSF_30_00_SMPTE274,       //!< 36  1080PsF 30.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080PSF_24_00_SMPTE274,       //!< 37  1080PsF 24.00Hz  (SMPTE274)
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080PSF_23_98_SMPTE274,       //!< 38  1080PsF 23.98Hz  (SMPTE274)
+
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_50_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_A, //!< 39  1080P   50.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level A
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_59_94_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_A, //!< 40  1080P   59.94Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level A
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_60_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_A, //!< 41  1080P   60.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level A
+    
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_60_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 42  1080p   60.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_60_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 43  1080i   60.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_60_00_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 44  2048i   60.00Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_50_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 45  1080p   50.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_50_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 46  1080i   50.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_50_00_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 47  2048i   50.00Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_30_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 48  1080p   30.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_30_00_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 49  2048p   30.00Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_25_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 50  1080p   25.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_25_00_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 51  2048p   25.00Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_24_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 52  1080p   24.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_24_00_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 53  2048p   24.00Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_48_00_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 54  1080i   48.00Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_48_00_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 55  2048i   48.00Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_59_94_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 56  1080p   59.94Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_59_94_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 57  1080i   59.94Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_59_94_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 58  2048i   59.94Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_29_97_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 59  1080p   29.97Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_29_97_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 60  2048p   29.97Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080P_23_98_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 61  1080p   29.98Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048P_23_98_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 62  2048p   29.98Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_1080I_47_96_SMPTE274_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 63  1080i   47.96Hz  (SMPTE274) 3G Level B
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_2048I_47_96_SMPTE372_3G_LEVEL_B, //!< 64  2048i   47.96Hz  (SMPTE372) 3G Level B
+    
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT_END                              //!< 65  To indicate end of signal format list
+
+}NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT;
+
+//! SMPTE standards format
+typedef enum _NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD
+{
+    NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD_SMPTE259                        ,       //!< SMPTE259
+    NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD_SMPTE260                        ,       //!< SMPTE260
+    NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD_SMPTE274                        ,       //!< SMPTE274
+    NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD_SMPTE295                        ,       //!< SMPTE295
+    NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD_SMPTE296                        ,       //!< SMPTE296
+    NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD_SMPTE372                        ,       //!< SMPTE372
+}NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD;
+
+//! HD or SD video type
+typedef enum _NVVIOVIDEOTYPE
+{
+    NVVIOVIDEOTYPE_SD                                  ,       //!< Standard-definition (SD)
+    NVVIOVIDEOTYPE_HD                                  ,       //!< High-definition     (HD)
+}NVVIOVIDEOTYPE;
+
+//! Interlace mode
+typedef enum _NVVIOINTERLACEMODE 
+{
+    NVVIOINTERLACEMODE_PROGRESSIVE                     ,       //!< Progressive               (p)
+    NVVIOINTERLACEMODE_INTERLACE                       ,       //!< Interlace                 (i)
+    NVVIOINTERLACEMODE_PSF                             ,       //!< Progressive Segment Frame (psf)
+}NVVIOINTERLACEMODE;
+
+//! Video data format
+typedef enum _NVVIODATAFORMAT
+{
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_UNKNOWN   = -1                     ,       //!< Invalid DataFormat
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R8G8B8_TO_YCRCB444                 ,       //!< R8:G8:B8                => YCrCb  (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TO_YCRCBA4444             ,       //!< R8:G8:B8:A8             => YCrCbA (4:4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R8G8B8Z10_TO_YCRCBZ4444            ,       //!< R8:G8:B8:Z10            => YCrCbZ (4:4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R8G8B8_TO_YCRCB422                 ,       //!< R8:G8:B8                => YCrCb  (4:2:2)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R8G8B8A8_TO_YCRCBA4224             ,       //!< R8:G8:B8:A8             => YCrCbA (4:2:2:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R8G8B8Z10_TO_YCRCBZ4224            ,       //!< R8:G8:B8:Z10            => YCrCbZ (4:2:2:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X8X8X8_444_PASSTHRU                ,       //!< R8:G8:B8                => RGB    (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X8X8X8A8_4444_PASSTHRU             ,       //!< R8:G8:B8:A8             => RGBA   (4:4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X8X8X8Z10_4444_PASSTHRU            ,       //!< R8:G8:B8:Z10            => RGBZ   (4:4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X10X10X10_444_PASSTHRU             ,       //!< Y10:CR10:CB10           => YCrCb  (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X10X8X8_444_PASSTHRU               ,       //!< Y10:CR8:CB8             => YCrCb  (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X10X8X8A10_4444_PASSTHRU           ,       //!< Y10:CR8:CB8:A10         => YCrCbA (4:4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X10X8X8Z10_4444_PASSTHRU           ,       //!< Y10:CR8:CB8:Z10         => YCrCbZ (4:4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_DUAL_R8G8B8_TO_DUAL_YCRCB422       ,       //!< R8:G8:B8 + R8:G8:B8     => YCrCb  (4:2:2 + 4:2:2)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_DUAL_X8X8X8_TO_DUAL_422_PASSTHRU   ,       //!< Y8:CR8:CB8 + Y8:CR8:CB8 => YCrCb  (4:2:2 + 4:2:2)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R10G10B10_TO_YCRCB422              ,       //!< R10:G10:B10             => YCrCb  (4:2:2)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R10G10B10_TO_YCRCB444              ,       //!< R10:G10:B10             => YCrCb  (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X12X12X12_444_PASSTHRU             ,       //!< X12:X12:X12             => XXX    (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_X12X12X12_422_PASSTHRU             ,       //!< X12:X12:X12             => XXX    (4:2:2)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_Y10CR10CB10_TO_YCRCB422            ,       //!< Y10:CR10:CB10           => YCrCb  (4:2:2)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_Y8CR8CB8_TO_YCRCB422               ,       //!< Y8:CR8:CB8              => YCrCb  (4:2:2)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_Y10CR8CB8A10_TO_YCRCBA4224         ,       //!< Y10:CR8:CB8:A10         => YCrCbA (4:2:2:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R10G10B10_TO_RGB444                ,       //!< R10:G10:B10             => RGB    (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R12G12B12_TO_YCRCB444              ,       //!< R12:G12:B12             => YCrCb  (4:4:4)
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT_R12G12B12_TO_YCRCB422              ,       //!< R12:G12:B12             => YCrCb  (4:2:2)
+}NVVIODATAFORMAT;
+
+//! Video output area
+typedef enum _NVVIOOUTPUTAREA
+{
+    NVVIOOUTPUTAREA_FULLSIZE                           ,       //!< Output to entire video resolution (full size)
+    NVVIOOUTPUTAREA_SAFEACTION                         ,       //!< Output to centered 90% of video resolution (safe action)
+    NVVIOOUTPUTAREA_SAFETITLE                          ,       //!< Output to centered 80% of video resolution (safe title)
+}NVVIOOUTPUTAREA;
+
+//! Synchronization source
+typedef enum _NVVIOSYNCSOURCE
+{
+    NVVIOSYNCSOURCE_SDISYNC                            ,       //!< SDI Sync  (Digital input)
+    NVVIOSYNCSOURCE_COMPSYNC                           ,       //!< COMP Sync (Composite input)
+}NVVIOSYNCSOURCE;
+
+//! Composite synchronization type
+typedef enum _NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE
+{
+    NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE_AUTO                             ,       //!< Auto-detect
+    NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE_BILEVEL                          ,       //!< Bi-level signal
+    NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE_TRILEVEL                         ,       //!< Tri-level signal
+}NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE;
+
+//! Video input output status
+typedef enum _NVVIOINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS
+{
+    NVINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS_OFF                            ,       //!< Not in use
+    NVINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS_ERROR                          ,       //!< Error detected
+    NVINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS_SDI_SD                         ,       //!< SDI (standard-definition)
+    NVINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS_SDI_HD                         ,       //!< SDI (high-definition)
+}NVVIOINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS;
+
+//! Synchronization input status
+typedef enum _NVVIOSYNCSTATUS
+{
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS_OFF                                ,       //!< Sync not detected
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS_ERROR                              ,       //!< Error detected
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS_SYNCLOSS                           ,       //!< Genlock in use, format mismatch with output
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS_COMPOSITE                          ,       //!< Composite sync
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS_SDI_SD                             ,       //!< SDI sync (standard-definition)
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS_SDI_HD                             ,       //!< SDI sync (high-definition)
+}NVVIOSYNCSTATUS;
+
+//! Video Capture Status
+typedef enum _NVVIOCAPTURESTATUS
+{
+    NVVIOSTATUS_STOPPED                                ,       //!< Sync not detected
+    NVVIOSTATUS_RUNNING                                ,       //!< Error detected
+    NVVIOSTATUS_ERROR                                  ,       //!< Genlock in use, format mismatch with output
+}NVVIOCAPTURESTATUS;
+
+//! Video Capture Status
+typedef enum _NVVIOSTATUSTYPE
+{
+    NVVIOSTATUSTYPE_IN                                 ,       //!< Input Status
+    NVVIOSTATUSTYPE_OUT                                ,       //!< Output Status
+}NVVIOSTATUSTYPE;
+
+
+//! Assumption, maximum 4 SDI input and 4 SDI output cards supported on a system
+#define NVAPI_MAX_VIO_DEVICES                 8   
+
+//! 4 physical jacks supported on each SDI input card.
+#define NVAPI_MAX_VIO_JACKS                   4   
+
+
+//! Each physical jack an on SDI input card can have
+//! two "channels" in the case of "3G" VideoFormats, as specified
+//! by SMPTE 425; for non-3G VideoFormats, only the first channel within
+//! a physical jack is valid.
+#define NVAPI_MAX_VIO_CHANNELS_PER_JACK       2   
+
+//! 4 Streams, 1 per physical jack
+#define NVAPI_MAX_VIO_STREAMS                 4   
+
+#define NVAPI_MIN_VIO_STREAMS                 1   
+
+//! SDI input supports a max of 2 links per stream
+#define NVAPI_MAX_VIO_LINKS_PER_STREAM        2   
+
+
+#define NVAPI_MAX_FRAMELOCK_MAPPING_MODES     20
+
+//! Min number of capture images 
+#define NVAPI_GVI_MIN_RAW_CAPTURE_IMAGES      1   
+
+//! Max number of capture images        
+#define NVAPI_GVI_MAX_RAW_CAPTURE_IMAGES      32  
+
+//! Default number of capture images
+#define NVAPI_GVI_DEFAULT_RAW_CAPTURE_IMAGES  5   
+
+
+
+// Data Signal notification events. These need a event handler in RM.
+// Register/Unregister and PopEvent NVAPI's are already available.
+
+//! Device configuration
+typedef enum _NVVIOCONFIGTYPE
+{
+    NVVIOCONFIGTYPE_IN                                 ,       //!< Input Status
+    NVVIOCONFIGTYPE_OUT                                ,       //!< Output Status
+}NVVIOCONFIGTYPE;
+
+typedef enum _NVVIOCOLORSPACE
+{
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE_UNKNOWN,
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE_YCBCR,
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE_YCBCRA,
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE_YCBCRD,
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE_GBR,
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE_GBRA,
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE_GBRD,
+} NVVIOCOLORSPACE;
+
+//! Component sampling
+typedef enum _NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING
+{
+    NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING_UNKNOWN,
+    NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING_4444,
+    NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING_4224,
+    NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING_444,
+    NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING_422
+} NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING;
+
+typedef enum _NVVIOBITSPERCOMPONENT
+{
+    NVVIOBITSPERCOMPONENT_UNKNOWN,
+    NVVIOBITSPERCOMPONENT_8,
+    NVVIOBITSPERCOMPONENT_10,
+    NVVIOBITSPERCOMPONENT_12,
+} NVVIOBITSPERCOMPONENT;
+
+typedef enum _NVVIOLINKID 
+{
+    NVVIOLINKID_UNKNOWN,
+    NVVIOLINKID_A,
+    NVVIOLINKID_B,
+    NVVIOLINKID_C,
+    NVVIOLINKID_D
+} NVVIOLINKID;
+
+
+typedef enum _NVVIOANCPARITYCOMPUTATION
+{
+    NVVIOANCPARITYCOMPUTATION_AUTO,
+    NVVIOANCPARITYCOMPUTATION_ON,
+    NVVIOANCPARITYCOMPUTATION_OFF
+} NVVIOANCPARITYCOMPUTATION;
+
+
+
+//! @}
+
+
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Structures
+//---------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+//! \addtogroup vidio
+//! @{
+
+
+//! Supports Serial Digital Interface (SDI) output
+#define NVVIOCAPS_VIDOUT_SDI                0x00000001      
+
+//! Supports Internal timing source
+#define NVVIOCAPS_SYNC_INTERNAL             0x00000100      
+
+//! Supports Genlock timing source
+#define NVVIOCAPS_SYNC_GENLOCK              0x00000200      
+
+//! Supports Serial Digital Interface (SDI) synchronization input
+#define NVVIOCAPS_SYNCSRC_SDI               0x00001000      
+
+//! Supports Composite synchronization input
+#define NVVIOCAPS_SYNCSRC_COMP              0x00002000      
+
+//! Supports Desktop transparent mode
+#define NVVIOCAPS_OUTPUTMODE_DESKTOP        0x00010000      
+
+//! Supports OpenGL application mode
+#define NVVIOCAPS_OUTPUTMODE_OPENGL         0x00020000      
+
+//! Supports Serial Digital Interface (SDI) input
+#define NVVIOCAPS_VIDIN_SDI                 0x00100000  
+
+//! Supports Packed ANC
+#define NVVIOCAPS_PACKED_ANC_SUPPORTED      0x00200000     
+
+//! Supports ANC audio blanking
+#define NVVIOCAPS_AUDIO_BLANKING_SUPPORTED  0x00400000  
+
+//! SDI-class interface: SDI output with two genlock inputs
+#define NVVIOCLASS_SDI                      0x00000001      
+
+//! Device capabilities
+typedef struct _NVVIOCAPS
+{
+    NvU32             version;                              //!< Structure version
+    NvAPI_String      adapterName;                          //!< Graphics adapter name
+    NvU32             adapterClass;                         //!< Graphics adapter classes (NVVIOCLASS_SDI mask)
+    NvU32             adapterCaps;                          //!< Graphics adapter capabilities (NVVIOCAPS_* mask)
+    NvU32             dipSwitch;                            //!< On-board DIP switch settings bits
+    NvU32             dipSwitchReserved;                    //!< On-board DIP switch settings reserved bits
+    NvU32             boardID;                              //!< Board ID
+    //! Driver version
+    struct                                                  //
+    {                                                      
+        NvU32          majorVersion;                        //!< Major version. For GVI, majorVersion contains MajorVersion(HIWORD) And MinorVersion(LOWORD)
+        NvU32          minorVersion;                        //!< Minor version. For GVI, minorVersion contains Revison(HIWORD) And Build(LOWORD)
+    } driver;                                               //
+    //! Firmware version 
+    struct                                                  
+    {                                                       
+        NvU32          majorVersion;                        //!< Major version. In version 2, for both GVI and GVO, majorVersion contains MajorVersion(HIWORD) And MinorVersion(LOWORD)
+        NvU32          minorVersion;                        //!< Minor version. In version 2, for both GVI and GVO, minorVersion contains Revison(HIWORD) And Build(LOWORD)
+    } firmWare;                                             //
+    NVVIOOWNERID      ownerId;                              //!< Unique identifier for owner of video output (NVVIOOWNERID_INVALID if free running)
+    NVVIOOWNERTYPE    ownerType;                            //!< Owner type (OpenGL application or Desktop mode)
+} NVVIOCAPS;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NVVIOCAPS
+#define NVVIOCAPS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOCAPS,1)
+#define NVVIOCAPS_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOCAPS,2)
+#define NVVIOCAPS_VER   NVVIOCAPS_VER2
+
+//! Input channel status
+typedef struct _NVVIOCHANNELSTATUS
+{
+    NvU32                  smpte352;                         //!< 4-byte SMPTE 352 video payload identifier
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT      signalFormat;                     //!< Signal format
+    NVVIOBITSPERCOMPONENT  bitsPerComponent;                 //!< Bits per component
+    NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING samplingFormat;                   //!< Sampling format
+    NVVIOCOLORSPACE        colorSpace;                       //!< Color space
+    NVVIOLINKID            linkID;                           //!< Link ID
+} NVVIOCHANNELSTATUS;
+
+//! Input device status
+typedef struct _NVVIOINPUTSTATUS
+{
+    NVVIOCHANNELSTATUS     vidIn[NVAPI_MAX_VIO_JACKS][NVAPI_MAX_VIO_CHANNELS_PER_JACK];     //!< Video input status per channel within a jack
+    NVVIOCAPTURESTATUS     captureStatus;                  //!< status of video capture
+} NVVIOINPUTSTATUS;
+
+//! Output device status
+typedef struct _NVVIOOUTPUTSTATUS
+{
+    NVVIOINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS    vid1Out;                        //!< Video 1 output status
+    NVVIOINPUTOUTPUTSTATUS    vid2Out;                        //!< Video 2 output status
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS        sdiSyncIn;                      //!< SDI sync input status
+    NVVIOSYNCSTATUS        compSyncIn;                     //!< Composite sync input status
+    NvU32            syncEnable;                     //!< Sync enable (TRUE if using syncSource)
+    NVVIOSYNCSOURCE        syncSource;                     //!< Sync source
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT        syncFormat;                     //!< Sync format
+    NvU32            frameLockEnable;                //!< Framelock enable flag
+    NvU32            outputVideoLocked;              //!< Output locked status
+    NvU32            dataIntegrityCheckErrorCount;   //!< Data integrity check error count
+    NvU32            dataIntegrityCheckEnabled;      //!< Data integrity check status enabled 
+    NvU32            dataIntegrityCheckFailed;       //!< Data integrity check status failed 
+    NvU32                       uSyncSourceLocked;              //!< genlocked to framelocked to ref signal
+    NvU32                       uPowerOn;                       //!< TRUE: indicates there is sufficient power
+} NVVIOOUTPUTSTATUS;
+
+//! Video device status.
+typedef struct _NVVIOSTATUS
+{
+    NvU32                 version;                        //!< Structure version
+    NVVIOSTATUSTYPE       nvvioStatusType;                //!< Input or Output status
+    union                                                   
+    {
+        NVVIOINPUTSTATUS  inStatus;                       //!<  Input device status
+        NVVIOOUTPUTSTATUS outStatus;                      //!<  Output device status
+    }vioStatus;      
+} NVVIOSTATUS;
+
+//! Macro for constructingthe version field of NVVIOSTATUS
+#define NVVIOSTATUS_VER   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOSTATUS,1)
+
+//! Output region
+typedef struct _NVVIOOUTPUTREGION
+{
+    NvU32              x;                                    //!< Horizontal origin in pixels
+    NvU32              y;                                    //!< Vertical origin in pixels
+    NvU32              width;                                //!< Width of region in pixels
+    NvU32              height;                               //!< Height of region in pixels
+} NVVIOOUTPUTREGION;
+
+//! Gamma ramp (8-bit index)
+typedef struct _NVVIOGAMMARAMP8
+{
+    NvU16              uRed[256];                            //!< Red channel gamma ramp (8-bit index, 16-bit values)
+    NvU16              uGreen[256];                          //!< Green channel gamma ramp (8-bit index, 16-bit values)
+    NvU16              uBlue[256];                           //!< Blue channel gamma ramp (8-bit index, 16-bit values)
+} NVVIOGAMMARAMP8;
+
+//! Gamma ramp (10-bit index)
+typedef struct _NVVIOGAMMARAMP10
+{
+    NvU16              uRed[1024];                           //!< Red channel gamma ramp (10-bit index, 16-bit values)
+    NvU16              uGreen[1024];                         //!< Green channel gamma ramp (10-bit index, 16-bit values)
+    NvU16              uBlue[1024];                          //!< Blue channel gamma ramp (10-bit index, 16-bit values)
+} NVVIOGAMMARAMP10;
+
+
+//! Sync delay
+typedef struct _NVVIOSYNCDELAY
+{
+    NvU32              version;                              //!< Structure version
+    NvU32              horizontalDelay;                      //!< Horizontal delay in pixels
+    NvU32              verticalDelay;                        //!< Vertical delay in lines
+} NVVIOSYNCDELAY;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NVVIOSYNCDELAY
+#define NVVIOSYNCDELAY_VER   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOSYNCDELAY,1)
+
+
+//! Video mode information
+typedef struct _NVVIOVIDEOMODE
+{
+    NvU32                horizontalPixels;                   //!< Horizontal resolution (in pixels)
+    NvU32                verticalLines;                      //!< Vertical resolution for frame (in lines)
+    float                fFrameRate;                         //!< Frame rate
+    NVVIOINTERLACEMODE   interlaceMode;                      //!< Interlace mode 
+    NVVIOVIDEOSTANDARD   videoStandard;                      //!< SMPTE standards format
+    NVVIOVIDEOTYPE       videoType;                          //!< HD or SD signal classification
+} NVVIOVIDEOMODE;
+
+//! Signal format details
+typedef struct _NVVIOSIGNALFORMATDETAIL
+{   
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT    signalFormat;                       //!< Signal format enumerated value
+    NVVIOVIDEOMODE       videoMode;                          //!< Video mode for signal format
+}NVVIOSIGNALFORMATDETAIL;
+
+
+//! R8:G8:B8
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R8G8B8                  0x00000001
+ 
+//! R8:G8:B8:Z24  
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R8G8B8Z24               0x00000002
+   
+//! R8:G8:B8:A8
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R8G8B8A8                0x00000004   
+
+//! R8:G8:B8:A8:Z24       
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R8G8B8A8Z24             0x00000008   
+
+//! R16FP:G16FP:B16FP
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R16FPG16FPB16FP         0x00000010   
+
+//! R16FP:G16FP:B16FP:Z24
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R16FPG16FPB16FPZ24      0x00000020   
+
+//! R16FP:G16FP:B16FP:A16FP
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R16FPG16FPB16FPA16FP    0x00000040   
+
+//! R16FP:G16FP:B16FP:A16FP:Z24
+#define NVVIOBUFFERFORMAT_R16FPG16FPB16FPA16FPZ24 0x00000080   
+
+
+
+//! Data format details
+typedef struct _NVVIODATAFORMATDETAIL
+{
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT   dataFormat;                              //!< Data format enumerated value
+    NvU32             vioCaps;                                 //!< Data format capabilities (NVVIOCAPS_* mask)
+}NVVIODATAFORMATDETAIL;
+
+//! Colorspace conversion
+typedef struct _NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION
+{
+    NvU32       version;                                    //!<  Structure version
+    float       colorMatrix[3][3];                          //!<  Output[n] =
+    float       colorOffset[3];                             //!<  Input[0] * colorMatrix[n][0] +
+    float       colorScale[3];                              //!<  Input[1] * colorMatrix[n][1] +
+                                                            //!<  Input[2] * colorMatrix[n][2] +
+                                                            //!<  OutputRange * colorOffset[n]
+                                                            //!<  where OutputRange is the standard magnitude of
+                                                            //!<  Output[n][n] and colorMatrix and colorOffset 
+                                                            //!<  values are within the range -1.0 to +1.0
+    NvU32      compositeSafe;                               //!<  compositeSafe constrains luminance range when using composite output
+} NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION;
+
+//! macro for constructing the version field of _NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION.
+#define NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION_VER   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION,1)
+
+//! Gamma correction
+typedef struct _NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION
+{
+    NvU32            version;                               //!< Structure version
+    NvU32            vioGammaCorrectionType;                //!< Gamma correction type (8-bit or 10-bit)
+    //! Gamma correction:
+    union                                                   
+    {                                                       
+        NVVIOGAMMARAMP8  gammaRamp8;                        //!< Gamma ramp (8-bit index, 16-bit values)
+        NVVIOGAMMARAMP10 gammaRamp10;                       //!< Gamma ramp (10-bit index, 16-bit values)
+    }gammaRamp;                                      
+    float            fGammaValueR;            //!< Red Gamma value within gamma ranges. 0.5 - 6.0
+    float            fGammaValueG;            //!< Green Gamma value within gamma ranges. 0.5 - 6.0
+    float            fGammaValueB;            //!< Blue Gamma value within gamma ranges. 0.5 - 6.0
+} NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION;
+
+//! Macro for constructing thevesion field of _NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION
+#define NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION_VER   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION,1)
+
+//! Maximum number of ranges per channel
+#define MAX_NUM_COMPOSITE_RANGE      2                      
+
+
+typedef struct _NVVIOCOMPOSITERANGE
+{
+    NvU32   uRange;
+    NvU32   uEnabled;
+    NvU32   uMin;
+    NvU32   uMax;
+} NVVIOCOMPOSITERANGE;
+
+
+
+// Device configuration (fields masks indicating NVVIOCONFIG fields to use for NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig/NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig() )
+//
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_SIGNALFORMAT            0x00000001      //!< fields: signalFormat
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_DATAFORMAT              0x00000002      //!< fields: dataFormat
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTREGION            0x00000004      //!< fields: outputRegion
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTAREA              0x00000008      //!< fields: outputArea
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_COLORCONVERSION         0x00000010      //!< fields: colorConversion
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_GAMMACORRECTION         0x00000020      //!< fields: gammaCorrection
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCSOURCEENABLE        0x00000040      //!< fields: syncSource and syncEnable
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCDELAY               0x00000080      //!< fields: syncDelay
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITESYNCTYPE       0x00000100      //!< fields: compositeSyncType
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_FRAMELOCKENABLE         0x00000200      //!< fields: EnableFramelock
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_422FILTER               0x00000400      //!< fields: bEnable422Filter
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITETERMINATE      0x00000800      //!< fields: bCompositeTerminate (Not supported on Quadro FX 4000 SDI)         
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_DATAINTEGRITYCHECK      0x00001000      //!< fields: bEnableDataIntegrityCheck (Not supported on Quadro FX 4000 SDI)
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_CSCOVERRIDE             0x00002000      //!< fields: colorConversion override
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_FLIPQUEUELENGTH         0x00004000      //!< fields: flipqueuelength control
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_ANCTIMECODEGENERATION   0x00008000      //!< fields: bEnableANCTimeCodeGeneration
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE               0x00010000      //!< fields: bEnableComposite
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_ALPHAKEYCOMPOSITE       0x00020000      //!< fields: bEnableAlphaKeyComposite
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_Y             0x00040000      //!< fields: compRange
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CR            0x00080000      //!< fields: compRange
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CB            0x00100000      //!< fields: compRange
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_FULL_COLOR_RANGE        0x00200000      //!< fields: bEnableFullColorRange
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_RGB_DATA                0x00400000      //!< fields: bEnableRGBData
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_RESERVED_SDIOUTPUTENABLE         0x00800000      //!< fields: bEnableSDIOutput
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_STREAMS                 0x01000000      //!< fields: streams
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_PARITY_COMPUTATION  0x02000000      //!< fields: ancParityComputation
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_AUDIO_REPEAT		0x04000000      //!< fields: enableAudioBlanking
+ 
+
+// Don't forget to update NVVIOCONFIG_VALIDFIELDS in nvapi.spec when NVVIOCONFIG_ALLFIELDS changes.
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_ALLFIELDS   ( NVVIOCONFIG_SIGNALFORMAT          | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_DATAFORMAT            | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTREGION          | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTAREA            | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_COLORCONVERSION       | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_GAMMACORRECTION       | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCSOURCEENABLE      | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCDELAY             | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITESYNCTYPE     | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_FRAMELOCKENABLE       | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_422FILTER             | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITETERMINATE    | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_DATAINTEGRITYCHECK    | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_CSCOVERRIDE           | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_FLIPQUEUELENGTH       | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_ANCTIMECODEGENERATION | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE             | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_ALPHAKEYCOMPOSITE     | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_Y           | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CR          | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CB          | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_FULL_COLOR_RANGE      | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_RGB_DATA              | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_RESERVED_SDIOUTPUTENABLE | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_STREAMS               | \
+                                  NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_PARITY_COMPUTATION | \
+								  NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_AUDIO_REPEAT )
+
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_VALIDFIELDS  ( NVVIOCONFIG_SIGNALFORMAT          | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_DATAFORMAT            | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTREGION          | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTAREA            | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COLORCONVERSION       | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_GAMMACORRECTION       | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCSOURCEENABLE      | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCDELAY             | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITESYNCTYPE     | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_FRAMELOCKENABLE       | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_RESERVED_SDIOUTPUTENABLE | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_422FILTER             | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITETERMINATE    | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_DATAINTEGRITYCHECK    | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_CSCOVERRIDE           | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_FLIPQUEUELENGTH       | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_ANCTIMECODEGENERATION | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE             | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_ALPHAKEYCOMPOSITE     | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_Y           | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CR          | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CB          | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_FULL_COLOR_RANGE      | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_RGB_DATA              | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_RESERVED_SDIOUTPUTENABLE | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_STREAMS               | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_PARITY_COMPUTATION | \
+								   NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_AUDIO_REPEAT)
+
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_DRIVERFIELDS ( NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTREGION          | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_OUTPUTAREA            | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COLORCONVERSION       | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_FLIPQUEUELENGTH)
+
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_GAMMAFIELDS  ( NVVIOCONFIG_GAMMACORRECTION       )
+
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_RMCTRLFIELDS ( NVVIOCONFIG_SIGNALFORMAT          | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_DATAFORMAT            | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCSOURCEENABLE      | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITESYNCTYPE     | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_FRAMELOCKENABLE       | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_422FILTER             | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITETERMINATE    | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_DATAINTEGRITYCHECK    | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE             | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_ALPHAKEYCOMPOSITE     | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_Y           | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CR          | \
+                                   NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CB)
+
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_RMSKEWFIELDS ( NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCDELAY             )
+
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_ALLOWSDIRUNNING_FIELDS ( NVVIOCONFIG_DATAINTEGRITYCHECK     | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCDELAY              | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_CSCOVERRIDE            | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_ANCTIMECODEGENERATION  | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE              | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_ALPHAKEYCOMPOSITE      | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_Y            | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CR           | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITE_CB           | \
+                                             NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_PARITY_COMPUTATION)
+
+                                             
+ #define NVVIOCONFIG_RMMODESET_FIELDS ( NVVIOCONFIG_SIGNALFORMAT         | \
+                                        NVVIOCONFIG_DATAFORMAT           | \
+                                        NVVIOCONFIG_SYNCSOURCEENABLE     | \
+                                        NVVIOCONFIG_FRAMELOCKENABLE      | \
+                                        NVVIOCONFIG_COMPOSITESYNCTYPE	 | \
+										NVVIOCONFIG_ANC_AUDIO_REPEAT)                                            
+                                             
+
+//! Output device configuration 
+// No members can be deleted from below structure. Only add new members at the 
+// end of the structure.
+typedef struct _NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V1
+{
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT    signalFormat;                         //!< Signal format for video output
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT      dataFormat;                           //!< Data format for video output
+    NVVIOOUTPUTREGION    outputRegion;                         //!< Region for video output (Desktop mode)
+    NVVIOOUTPUTAREA      outputArea;                           //!< Usable resolution for video output (safe area)
+    NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION colorConversion;                      //!< Color conversion.
+    NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION gammaCorrection;
+    NvU32                syncEnable;                           //!< Sync enable (TRUE to use syncSource)
+    NVVIOSYNCSOURCE      syncSource;                           //!< Sync source
+    NVVIOSYNCDELAY       syncDelay;                            //!< Sync delay
+    NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE    compositeSyncType;                    //!< Composite sync type
+    NvU32                frameLockEnable;                      //!< Flag indicating whether framelock was on/off
+    NvU32                psfSignalFormat;                      //!< Indicates whether contained format is PSF Signal format
+    NvU32                enable422Filter;                      //!< Enables/Disables 4:2:2 filter
+    NvU32                compositeTerminate;                   //!< Composite termination
+    NvU32                enableDataIntegrityCheck;             //!< Enable data integrity check: true - enable, false - disable
+    NvU32                cscOverride;                          //!< Use provided CSC color matrix to overwrite 
+    NvU32                flipQueueLength;                      //!< Number of buffers used for the internal flipqueue
+    NvU32                enableANCTimeCodeGeneration;          //!< Enable SDI ANC time code generation
+    NvU32                enableComposite;                      //!< Enable composite
+    NvU32                enableAlphaKeyComposite;              //!< Enable Alpha key composite
+    NVVIOCOMPOSITERANGE  compRange;                            //!< Composite ranges
+    NvU8                 reservedData[256];                    //!< Inicates last stored SDI output state TRUE-ON / FALSE-OFF
+    NvU32                enableFullColorRange;                 //!< Flag indicating Full Color Range
+    NvU32                enableRGBData;                        //!< Indicates data is in RGB format
+} NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V2
+{
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT    signalFormat;                         //!< Signal format for video output
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT      dataFormat;                           //!< Data format for video output
+    NVVIOOUTPUTREGION    outputRegion;                         //!< Region for video output (Desktop mode)
+    NVVIOOUTPUTAREA      outputArea;                           //!< Usable resolution for video output (safe area)
+    NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION colorConversion;                      //!< Color conversion.
+    NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION gammaCorrection;
+    NvU32                syncEnable;                           //!< Sync enable (TRUE to use syncSource)
+    NVVIOSYNCSOURCE      syncSource;                           //!< Sync source
+    NVVIOSYNCDELAY       syncDelay;                            //!< Sync delay
+    NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE    compositeSyncType;                    //!< Composite sync type
+    NvU32                frameLockEnable;                      //!< Flag indicating whether framelock was on/off
+    NvU32                psfSignalFormat;                      //!< Indicates whether contained format is PSF Signal format
+    NvU32                enable422Filter;                      //!< Enables/Disables 4:2:2 filter
+    NvU32                compositeTerminate;                   //!< Composite termination
+    NvU32                enableDataIntegrityCheck;             //!< Enable data integrity check: true - enable, false - disable
+    NvU32                cscOverride;                          //!< Use provided CSC color matrix to overwrite
+    NvU32                flipQueueLength;                      //!< Number of buffers used for the internal flip queue
+    NvU32                enableANCTimeCodeGeneration;          //!< Enable SDI ANC time code generation
+    NvU32                enableComposite;                      //!< Enable composite
+    NvU32                enableAlphaKeyComposite;              //!< Enable Alpha key composite
+    NVVIOCOMPOSITERANGE  compRange;                            //!< Composite ranges
+    NvU8                 reservedData[256];                    //!< Indicates last stored SDI output state TRUE-ON / FALSE-OFF
+    NvU32                enableFullColorRange;                 //!< Flag indicating Full Color Range
+    NvU32                enableRGBData;                        //!< Indicates data is in RGB format
+    NVVIOANCPARITYCOMPUTATION ancParityComputation;            //!< Enable HW ANC parity bit computation (auto/on/off)
+} NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V3
+{
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT    signalFormat;                         //!< Signal format for video output
+    NVVIODATAFORMAT      dataFormat;                           //!< Data format for video output
+    NVVIOOUTPUTREGION    outputRegion;                         //!< Region for video output (Desktop mode)
+    NVVIOOUTPUTAREA      outputArea;                           //!< Usable resolution for video output (safe area)
+    NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION colorConversion;                      //!< Color conversion.
+    NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION gammaCorrection;
+    NvU32                syncEnable;                           //!< Sync enable (TRUE to use syncSource)
+    NVVIOSYNCSOURCE      syncSource;                           //!< Sync source
+    NVVIOSYNCDELAY       syncDelay;                            //!< Sync delay
+    NVVIOCOMPSYNCTYPE    compositeSyncType;                    //!< Composite sync type
+    NvU32                frameLockEnable;                      //!< Flag indicating whether framelock was on/off
+    NvU32                psfSignalFormat;                      //!< Indicates whether contained format is PSF Signal format
+    NvU32                enable422Filter;                      //!< Enables/Disables 4:2:2 filter
+    NvU32                compositeTerminate;                   //!< Composite termination
+    NvU32                enableDataIntegrityCheck;             //!< Enable data integrity check: true - enable, false - disable
+    NvU32                cscOverride;                          //!< Use provided CSC color matrix to overwrite
+    NvU32                flipQueueLength;                      //!< Number of buffers used for the internal flip queue
+    NvU32                enableANCTimeCodeGeneration;          //!< Enable SDI ANC time code generation
+    NvU32                enableComposite;                      //!< Enable composite
+    NvU32                enableAlphaKeyComposite;              //!< Enable Alpha key composite
+    NVVIOCOMPOSITERANGE  compRange;                            //!< Composite ranges
+    NvU8                 reservedData[256];                    //!< Indicates last stored SDI output state TRUE-ON / FALSE-OFF
+    NvU32                enableFullColorRange;                 //!< Flag indicating Full Color Range
+    NvU32                enableRGBData;                        //!< Indicates data is in RGB format
+    NVVIOANCPARITYCOMPUTATION ancParityComputation;            //!< Enable HW ANC parity bit computation (auto/on/off)
+	NvU32				 enableAudioBlanking;				   //!< Enable HANC audio blanking on repeat frames
+} NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V3;
+
+//! Stream configuration
+typedef struct _NVVIOSTREAM
+{
+    NvU32                   bitsPerComponent;                     //!< Bits per component
+    NVVIOCOMPONENTSAMPLING  sampling;                             //!< Sampling   
+    NvU32                   expansionEnable;                      //!< Enable/disable 4:2:2->4:4:4 expansion
+    NvU32                   numLinks;                             //!< Number of active links
+    struct
+    {
+        NvU32               jack;                                 //!< This stream's link[i] will use the specified (0-based) channel within the
+        NvU32               channel;                              //!< specified (0-based) jack
+    } links[NVAPI_MAX_VIO_LINKS_PER_STREAM];
+} NVVIOSTREAM;
+
+//! Input device configuration
+typedef struct _NVVIOINPUTCONFIG
+{
+    NvU32                numRawCaptureImages;                  //!< numRawCaptureImages is the number of frames to keep in the capture queue. 
+                                                               //!< must be between NVAPI_GVI_MIN_RAW_CAPTURE_IMAGES and NVAPI_GVI_MAX_RAW_CAPTURE_IMAGES, 
+    NVVIOSIGNALFORMAT    signalFormat;                         //!< Signal format.
+                                                               //!< Please note that both numRawCaptureImages and signalFormat should be set together.
+    NvU32                numStreams;                           //!< Number of active streams.
+    NVVIOSTREAM          streams[NVAPI_MAX_VIO_STREAMS];       //!< Stream configurations
+    NvU32                bTestMode;                            //!< This attribute controls the GVI test mode.
+                                                               //!< Possible values 0/1. When testmode enabled, the
+                                                               //!< GVI device will generate fake data as quickly as possible.
+} NVVIOINPUTCONFIG;
+
+typedef struct _NVVIOCONFIG_V1
+{
+    NvU32                version;                              //!< Structure version
+    NvU32                fields;                               //!< Caller sets to NVVIOCONFIG_* mask for fields to use
+    NVVIOCONFIGTYPE      nvvioConfigType;                      //!< Input or Output configuration
+    union                                                   
+    {
+        NVVIOINPUTCONFIG  inConfig;                            //!<  Input device configuration
+        NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V1 outConfig;                           //!<  Output device configuration
+    }vioConfig; 
+} NVVIOCONFIG_V1;
+
+
+typedef struct _NVVIOCONFIG_V2
+{
+    NvU32                version;                              //!< Structure version
+    NvU32                fields;                               //!< Caller sets to NVVIOCONFIG_* mask for fields to use
+    NVVIOCONFIGTYPE      nvvioConfigType;                      //!< Input or Output configuration
+    union
+    {
+        NVVIOINPUTCONFIG     inConfig;                         //!< Input device configuration
+        NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V2 outConfig;                        //!< Output device configuration
+    }vioConfig;
+} NVVIOCONFIG_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NVVIOCONFIG_V3
+{
+    NvU32                version;                              //!< Structure version
+    NvU32                fields;                               //!< Caller sets to NVVIOCONFIG_* mask for fields to use
+    NVVIOCONFIGTYPE      nvvioConfigType;                      //!< Input or Output configuration
+    union
+    {
+        NVVIOINPUTCONFIG     inConfig;                         //!< Input device configuration
+        NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V3 outConfig;                        //!< Output device configuration
+    }vioConfig;
+} NVVIOCONFIG_V3;
+typedef NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG_V3 NVVIOOUTPUTCONFIG;
+typedef NVVIOCONFIG_V3 NVVIOCONFIG;
+
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOCONFIG_V1,1)
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOCONFIG_V2,2)
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_VER3  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOCONFIG_V3,3)
+#define NVVIOCONFIG_VER   NVVIOCONFIG_VER3
+
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvPhysicalGpuHandle                    hPhysicalGpu;                    //!< Handle to Physical GPU (This could be NULL for GVI device if its not binded)
+    NvVioHandle                         hVioHandle;                     //!<handle to SDI Input/Output device
+    NvU32                               vioId;                          //!<device Id of SDI Input/Output device
+    NvU32                               outputId;            //!<deviceMask of the SDI display connected to GVO device. 
+                                                                        //!<outputId will be 0 for GVI device.
+} NVVIOTOPOLOGYTARGET;                                                    
+
+typedef struct _NV_VIO_TOPOLOGY
+{
+    NvU32                       version;
+    NvU32                       vioTotalDeviceCount;                    //!<How many video I/O targets are valid
+    NVVIOTOPOLOGYTARGET         vioTarget[NVAPI_MAX_VIO_DEVICES];       //!<Array of video I/O targets
+}NV_VIO_TOPOLOGY, NVVIOTOPOLOGY;
+
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_VIO_TOPOLOGY
+#define NV_VIO_TOPOLOGY_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_VIO_TOPOLOGY,1)
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NVVIOTOPOLOGY
+#define NVVIOTOPOLOGY_VER    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOTOPOLOGY,1)
+
+
+
+//! @} 
+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup vidio
+//! @{
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_GetCapabilities
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API determine the graphics adapter video I/O capabilities.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!  
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle   The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [out] pAdapterCaps  Pointer to receive capabilities
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_GetCapabilities(NvVioHandle     hVioHandle,
+                                          NVVIOCAPS       *pAdapterCaps);
+
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_Open
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API opens the graphics adapter for video I/O operations
+//!                using the OpenGL application interface.  Read operations
+//!                are permitted in this mode by multiple clients, but Write 
+//!                operations are application exclusive.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!  
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle      The caller provides the SDI output device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]  vioClass         Class interface (NVVIOCLASS_* value)
+//! \param [in]  ownerType        Specify NVVIOOWNERTYPE_APPLICATION or NVVIOOWNERTYPE_DESKTOP.
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_Open(NvVioHandle       hVioHandle,
+                               NvU32             vioClass,
+                               NVVIOOWNERTYPE    ownerType);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_Close
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API closes the graphics adapter for graphics-to-video operations
+//!                using the OpenGL application interface.  Closing an 
+//!                OpenGL handle releases the device.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!  
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle   The caller provides the SDI output device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]  bRelease      boolean value to either keep or release ownership
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_Close(NvVioHandle       hVioHandle,
+                                NvU32             bRelease);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_Status
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API gets the Video I/O LED status.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!  
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle   The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [out] pStatus       Return pointer to NVVIOSTATUS
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_Status(NvVioHandle     hVioHandle, 
+                                 NVVIOSTATUS     *pStatus);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_SyncFormatDetect
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API detects the Video I/O incoming sync video format.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!  
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle  The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [out] pWait        Pointer to receive how many milliseconds will lapse 
+//!                           before VIOStatus returns the detected syncFormat.
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_SyncFormatDetect(NvVioHandle hVioHandle,
+                                           NvU32       *pWait);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API gets the graphics-to-video configuration.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!  
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle   The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [out] pConfig       Pointer to the graphics-to-video configuration
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig(NvVioHandle        hVioHandle,
+                                    NVVIOCONFIG        *pConfig); 
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API sets the graphics-to-video configuration.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!  
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle      The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]  pConfig          Pointer to Graphics-to-Video configuration
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig(NvVioHandle            hVioHandle,
+                                    const NVVIOCONFIG      *pConfig);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_SetCSC
+//!  
+//!   Description: This API sets the colorspace conversion parameters.
+//!  
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle      The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]  pCSC             Pointer to CSC parameters
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////----
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_SetCSC(NvVioHandle           hVioHandle,
+                                 NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION  *pCSC);
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_GetCSC
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API gets the colorspace conversion parameters.
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle      The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [out] pCSC             Pointer to CSC parameters
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_GetCSC(NvVioHandle           hVioHandle,
+                                 NVVIOCOLORCONVERSION  *pCSC);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_SetGamma
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API sets the gamma conversion parameters.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle       The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]  pGamma            Pointer to gamma parameters
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_SetGamma(NvVioHandle           hVioHandle,
+                                   NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION  *pGamma);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_GetGamma
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API gets the gamma conversion parameters.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle      The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [out] pGamma           Pointer to gamma parameters
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_GetGamma(NvVioHandle           hVioHandle,
+                                   NVVIOGAMMACORRECTION* pGamma);
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_SetSyncDelay
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API sets the sync delay parameters.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//! 
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle   The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]  pSyncDelay    Pointer to sync delay parameters
+//!  
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_SetConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_SetSyncDelay(NvVioHandle            hVioHandle,
+                                       const NVVIOSYNCDELAY   *pSyncDelay);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_GetSyncDelay
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API gets the sync delay parameters.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//! 
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle      The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [out] pSyncDelay       Pointer to sync delay parameters
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 290. Instead, use NvAPI_VIO_GetConfig.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_GetSyncDelay(NvVioHandle      hVioHandle,
+                                       NVVIOSYNCDELAY   *pSyncDelay);
+
+typedef enum _NVVIOPCILINKRATE
+{
+    NVVIOPCILINKRATE_UNKNOWN          = 0,
+    NVVIOPCILINKRATE_GEN1             = 1,                    //<! 2.5 Gbps.
+    NVVIOPCILINKRATE_GEN2             = 2,                    //<! 5 Gbps.
+    NVVIOPCILINKRATE_GEN3             = 3,                    //<! 8 Gbps.
+}NVVIOPCILINKRATE;
+
+typedef enum _NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH
+{
+    NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH_UNKNOWN         = 0,
+    NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH_x1              = 1,
+    NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH_x2              = 2,
+    NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH_x4              = 4,
+    NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH_x8              = 8,
+    NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH_x16            = 16,
+}NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH;
+
+typedef struct _NVVIOPCIINFO
+{
+    NvU32                     version;                            //!< Structure version
+    
+    NvU32                   pciDeviceId;                        //!< specifies the internal PCI device identifier for the GVI.
+    NvU32                   pciSubSystemId;                        //!< specifies the internal PCI subsystem identifier for the GVI.
+    NvU32                   pciRevisionId;                        //!< specifies the internal PCI device-specific revision identifier for the GVI.
+    NvU32                   pciDomain;                            //!< specifies the PCI domain of the GVI device.
+    NvU32                   pciBus;                                //!< specifies the PCI bus number of the GVI device.
+    NvU32                   pciSlot;                            //!< specifies the PCI slot number of the GVI device.
+    NVVIOPCILINKWIDTH       pciLinkWidth;                        //!< specifies the the negotiated PCIE link width.
+    NVVIOPCILINKRATE           pciLinkRate;                        //!< specifies the the negotiated PCIE link rate.
+} NVVIOPCIINFO_V1;
+
+typedef NVVIOPCIINFO_V1                                         NVVIOPCIINFO;
+#define NVVIOPCIINFO_VER1                                          MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVVIOPCIINFO_V1,1)
+#define NVVIOPCIINFO_VER                                        NVVIOPCIINFO_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_VIO_GetPCIInfo()
+//
+// DESCRIPTION:   This API gets PCI information of the attached SDI(input) capture card.
+//
+// PARAMETERS:      hVioHandle    (IN)    - Handle to SDI capture card.
+//                  pVioPCIInfo    (OUT)    - PCI information of the attached SDI capture card.
+//
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_GetPCIInfo(__in NvVioHandle hVioHandle, 
+                                            __inout NVVIOPCIINFO* pVioPCIInfo);
+
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_IsRunning
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API determines if Video I/O is running.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//! 
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle[IN]          The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_IsRunning(NvVioHandle   hVioHandle);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_Start
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API starts Video I/O.
+//!              This API should be called for NVVIOOWNERTYPE_DESKTOP only and will not work for OGL applications.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle[IN]     The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_Start(NvVioHandle     hVioHandle);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_Stop
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API stops Video I/O.
+//!              This API should be called for NVVIOOWNERTYPE_DESKTOP only and will not work for OGL applications.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//! 
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle[IN]     The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_Stop(NvVioHandle     hVioHandle);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_IsFrameLockModeCompatible
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API checks whether modes are compatible in frame lock mode.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//! 
+//! \param [in]   NvVioHandle          The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]   srcEnumIndex         Source Enumeration index
+//! \param [in]   destEnumIndex        Destination Enumeration index
+//! \param [out]  pbCompatible         Pointer to receive compatibility
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_IsFrameLockModeCompatible(NvVioHandle              hVioHandle,
+                                                    NvU32                    srcEnumIndex,
+                                                    NvU32                    destEnumIndex,
+                                                    NvU32*                   pbCompatible);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_EnumDevices
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API enumerate all VIO devices connected to the system.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [out]  NvVioHandle                  User passes the pointer of NvVioHandle[] array to get handles to
+//!                                            all the connected video I/O devices.
+//! \param [out]  vioDeviceCount               User gets total number of VIO devices connected to the system.
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_EnumDevices(NvVioHandle       hVioHandle[NVAPI_MAX_VIO_DEVICES],
+                                      NvU32             *vioDeviceCount);
+                                                                                          
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_QueryTopology
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API queries the valid SDI topologies.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [out] pNvVIOTopology     User passes the pointer to NVVIOTOPOLOGY to fetch all valid SDI topologies.
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_QueryTopology(NV_VIO_TOPOLOGY   *pNvVIOTopology);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_EnumSignalFormats
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API enumerates signal formats supported by Video I/O.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//!
+//! \param [in]   NvVioHandle          The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]   enumIndex            Enumeration index
+//! \param [out]  pSignalFormatDetail  Pointer to receive detail or NULL
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_EnumSignalFormats(NvVioHandle              hVioHandle,
+                                            NvU32                    enumIndex,
+                                            NVVIOSIGNALFORMATDETAIL  *pSignalFormatDetail);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//!   Function:    NvAPI_VIO_EnumDataFormats
+//! 
+//!   Description: This API enumerates data formats supported by Video I/O.
+//! 
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 190
+//! 
+//! \param [in]  NvVioHandle         The caller provides the SDI device handle as input.
+//! \param [in]  enumIndex           Enumeration index
+//! \param [out] pDataFormatDetail   Pointer to receive detail or NULL
+//! 
+//! \retval :: NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED   API is not supported 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 440.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_VIO_EnumDataFormats(NvVioHandle            hVioHandle,
+                                          NvU32                  enumIndex,
+                                          NVVIODATAFORMATDETAIL  *pDataFormatDetail);
+                                                                                      
+
+//! @}
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  CAMERA TEST API
+//  These APIs allows test apps to perform low level camera tests
+
+//! \addtogroup vidio
+//! @{
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_CreateConfigurationProfileRegistryKey
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Stereo_CreateConfigurationProfileRegistryKey(NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE registryProfileType)
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:   Creates new configuration registry key for current application.
+//!
+//!                If there is no configuration profile prior to the function call,
+//!                this API tries to create a new configuration profile registry key
+//!                for a given application and fill it with the default values.
+//!                If an application already has a configuration profile registry key, the API does nothing.
+//!                The name of the key is automatically set to the name of the executable that calls this function.
+//!                Because of this, the executable should have a distinct and unique name.
+//!                If the application is using only one version of DirectX, then the default profile type will be appropriate.
+//!                If the application is using more than one version of DirectX from the same executable,
+//!                it should use the appropriate profile type for each configuration profile.
+//!
+//! HOW TO USE:    When there is a need for an application to have default stereo parameter values,
+//!                use this function to create a key to store the values.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]    registryProfileType  Type of profile the application wants to create. It should be one of the symbolic constants defined in
+//!                                     ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE. Any other value will cause function to do nothing and return
+//!                                     ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                           Key exists in the registry.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED   This profile type is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_ACCESS_FAILED                Access to registry failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED           
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED                       Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_Stereo_CreateConfigurationProfileRegistryKey() 
+typedef enum _NV_StereoRegistryProfileType
+{
+    NVAPI_STEREO_DEFAULT_REGISTRY_PROFILE, //!< Default registry configuration profile.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_DX9_REGISTRY_PROFILE,     //!< Separate registry configuration profile for a DirectX 9 executable.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_DX10_REGISTRY_PROFILE     //!< Separate registry configuration profile for a DirectX 10 executable.
+} NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE;
+
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_CreateConfigurationProfileRegistryKey(NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE registryProfileType);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_DeleteConfigurationProfileRegistryKey
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   Removes configuration registry key for current application.
+//!
+//!                If an application already has a configuration profile prior to this function call,
+//!                the function attempts to remove the application's configuration profile registry key from the registry.
+//!                If there is no configuration profile registry key prior to the function call,
+//!                the function does nothing and does not report an error.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]   registryProfileType   Type of profile that the application wants to delete. This should be one of the symbolic 
+//!                                     constants defined in ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE. Any other value will cause the function 
+//!                                     to do nothing and return ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                           Key does not exist in the registry any more.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED   This profile type is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_ACCESS_FAILED                Access to registry failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED                           NVAPI is not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED                       Stereo part of NVAPI is not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_DeleteConfigurationProfileRegistryKey(NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE registryProfileType);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetConfigurationProfileValue
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Stereo_SetConfigurationProfileValue(NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE registryProfileType, NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_ID valueRegistryID, void *pValue)
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API sets the given parameter value under the application's registry key.
+//!
+//!                If the value does not exist under the application's registry key,
+//!                the value will be created under the key.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     registryProfileType  The type of profile the application wants to access. It should be one of the 
+//!                                      symbolic constants defined in ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE. Any other value 
+//!                                      will cause function to do nothing and return ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+//! \param [in]     valueRegistryID      ID of the value that is being set. It should be one of the symbolic constants defined in
+//!                                      ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE. Any other value will cause function to do nothing
+//!                                      and return ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+//! \param [in]     pValue               Address of the value that is being set. It should be either address of a DWORD or of a float,
+//!                                      dependent on the type of the stereo parameter whose value is being set. The API will then cast that
+//!                                      address to DWORD* and write whatever is in those 4 bytes as a DWORD to the registry.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                           Value is written to registry.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED   This profile type is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED          This value is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_ACCESS_FAILED                Access to registry failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED                           NVAPI is not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED                       Stereo part of NVAPI is not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                                        Something is wrong (generic error).
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_Stereo_SetConfigurationProfileValue()
+typedef enum _NV_StereoRegistryID
+{
+    NVAPI_CONVERGENCE_ID,         //!< Symbolic constant for convergence registry ID.
+    NVAPI_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE_ID, //!< Symbolic constant for frustum adjust mode registry ID.
+} NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_ID;
+
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetConfigurationProfileValue(NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE registryProfileType, NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_ID valueRegistryID, void *pValue);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_DeleteConfigurationProfileValue
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API removes the given value from the application's configuration profile registry key.
+//!                If there is no such value, the function does nothing and does not report an error.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     registryProfileType   The type of profile the application wants to access. It should be one of the 
+//!                                       symbolic constants defined in ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE. Any other value will 
+//!                                       cause function to do nothing and return ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+//! \param [in]     valueRegistryID       ID of the value that is being deleted. It should be one of the symbolic constants defined in
+//!                                       ::NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE. Any other value will cause function to do nothing and return
+//!                                       ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                           Value does not exist in registry any more.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED   This profile type is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED          This value is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_ACCESS_FAILED                Access to registry failed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED                       Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_DeleteConfigurationProfileValue(NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE registryProfileType, NV_STEREO_REGISTRY_ID valueRegistryID);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup stereoapi
+//! @{
+
+typedef struct _NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS
+{
+    NvU32 version;
+    NvU32 supportsWindowedModeOff        : 1;
+    NvU32 supportsWindowedModeAutomatic  : 1;
+    NvU32 supportsWindowedModePersistent : 1;
+    NvU32 reserved                       : 29;  // must be 0
+    NvU32 reserved2[3];                         // must be 0
+} NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS_V1;
+
+#define NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS,1)
+#define NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS_VER   NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS_VER1
+
+typedef NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS_V1    NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS;
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_GetStereoSupport
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:  This API checks what kind of stereo support is currently supported on a particular display.
+//!               If the the display is prohibited from showing stereo (e.g. secondary in a multi-mon setup), we will 
+//!               return 0 for all stereo modes (full screen exclusive, automatic windowed, persistent windowed).
+//!               Otherwise, we will check which stereo mode is supported. On 120Hz display, this will be what
+//!               the user chooses in control panel. On HDMI 1.4 display, persistent windowed mode is always assumed to be
+//!               supported. Note that this function does not check if the CURRENT RESOLUTION/REFRESH RATE can support
+//!               stereo. For HDMI 1.4, it is the app's responsibility to change the resolution/refresh rate to one that is
+//!               3D compatible. For 120Hz, the driver will ALWAYS force 120Hz anyway.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 304
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hMonitor handle to monitor that app is going to run on
+//! \param [out]    pCaps    Address where the result of the inquiry will be placed.
+//!                          *pCaps is defined in NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS.
+//! \return       This API can return any of the following error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_GetStereoSupport(__in NvMonitorHandle hMonitor, __out NVAPI_STEREO_CAPS *pCaps);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_DecreaseSeparation
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API decreases separation for the given device interface (just like the Ctrl+F3 hotkey). 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]   stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - Decrease of separation percentage was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE - Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED - Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - Something is wrong (generic error).
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_DecreaseSeparation(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_IncreaseSeparation
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API increases separation for the given device interface (just like the Ctrl+F4 hotkey).
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]    stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                               Increase of separation percentage was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE  Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED               NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED           Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                            Something is wrong (generic error).
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_IncreaseSeparation(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_DecreaseConvergence
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API decreases convergence for the given device interface (just like the Ctrl+F5 hotkey). 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - Decrease of convergence was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE - Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED - Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - Something is wrong (generic error).
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_DecreaseConvergence(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_IncreaseConvergence
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API increases convergence for given the device interface (just like the Ctrl+F5 hotkey). 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]    stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                               Increase of convergence was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE  Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED           Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_IncreaseConvergence(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_GetFrustumAdjustMode
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Stereo_GetFrustumAdjustMode(StereoHandle stereoHandle, NV_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE *pFrustumAdjustMode)
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API gets the current frustum adjust mode value. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle         Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [out]    pFrustumAdjustMode   Address of the NV_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE type variable to store current frustum value in.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - Retrieval of frustum adjust mode was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE - Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED - Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - Something is wrong (generic error).
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_Stereo_GetFrustumAdjustMode().
+typedef enum _NV_FrustumAdjustMode
+{
+    NVAPI_NO_FRUSTUM_ADJUST,    //!< Do not adjust frustum.
+    NVAPI_FRUSTUM_STRETCH,      //!< Stretch images in X.
+    NVAPI_FRUSTUM_CLEAR_EDGES   //!< Clear corresponding edges for each eye.
+} NV_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE;
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_GetFrustumAdjustMode(StereoHandle stereoHandle, NV_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE *pFrustumAdjustMode);
+
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetFrustumAdjustMode
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API sets the current frustum adjust mode value. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle                Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]     newFrustumAdjustModeValue   New value for frustum adjust mode. It should be one of the symbolic constants defined in
+//!                                             ::NV_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE. Any other value will cause function to do nothing and return
+//!                                             ::NVAPI_STEREO_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                         Retrieval of frustum adjust mode was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE            Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED                     Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED   Given frustum adjust mode is not supported.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetFrustumAdjustMode(StereoHandle stereoHandle, NV_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE newFrustumAdjustModeValue);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_CaptureJpegImage
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API captures the current stereo image in JPEG stereo format with the given quality.
+//!                Only the last capture call per flip will be effective. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]     quality        Quality of the JPEG image to be captured. Integer value betweeen 0 and 100.
+//! 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                              Image captured.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_PARAMETER_OUT_OF_RANGE   Given quality is out of [0..100] range.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_CaptureJpegImage(StereoHandle stereoHandle, NvU32 quality);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_InitActivation
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API allows an application to enable stereo viewing, without the need of a GUID/Key pair
+//!				   This API cannot be used to enable stereo viewing on 3DTV.
+//!
+//! HOW TO USE:    Call this function immediately after device creation, then follow with a reset. \n 
+//!                Very generically:
+//!                Create Device->Create Stereo Handle->InitActivation->Reset Device
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 302
+//!
+//! \param [in]   stereoHandle            Stereo handle corresponding to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]   bDelayed				  Use delayed activation
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, 
+//!         they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED - Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \addtogroup stereoapi
+//! @{
+
+//! InitActivation Flags
+typedef enum _NVAPI_STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_FLAGS
+{
+	NVAPI_STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_IMMEDIATE = 0X00,
+    NVAPI_STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_DELAYED = 0x01,
+} NVAPI_STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_FLAGS;
+
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_InitActivation(__in StereoHandle hStereoHandle, __in NVAPI_STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_FLAGS flags);
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_Trigger_Activation
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API allows an application to trigger creation of a stereo desktop, 
+//!				   in case the creation was stopped on application launch. 
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! \since Release: 302
+//!
+//! \param [in]   stereoHandle   Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \return This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!         If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, 
+//!         they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_NOT_DONE - Stereo InitActivation not called.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED - Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_Trigger_Activation(__in StereoHandle hStereoHandle);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_CapturePngImage
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API captures the current stereo image in PNG stereo format.
+//!                Only the last capture call per flip will be effective. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle  Stereo handle corresponding to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                               Image captured.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE  Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED           Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_CapturePngImage(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_ReverseStereoBlitControl
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API turns on/off reverse stereo blit.
+//!
+//! HOW TO USE:    Use after the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate 
+//!                NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!                After reversed stereo blit control is turned on, blits from the stereo surface will
+//!                produce the right-eye image in the left side of the destination surface and the left-eye
+//!                image in the right side of the destination surface.
+//!
+//!                In DirectX 9, the destination surface must be created as the render target, and StretchRect must be used.
+//!                Conditions:
+//!                - DstWidth == 2*SrcWidth
+//!                - DstHeight == SrcHeight
+//!                - Src surface is the stereo surface.
+//!                - SrcRect must be {0,0,SrcWidth,SrcHeight}
+//!                - DstRect must be {0,0,DstWidth,DstHeight}
+//!
+//!                In DirectX 10, ResourceCopyRegion must be used. 
+//!                Conditions:
+//!                - DstWidth == 2*SrcWidth
+//!                - DstHeight == SrcHeight
+//!                - dstX == 0,
+//!                - dstY == 0,
+//!                - dstZ == 0,
+//!                - SrcBox: left=top=front==0; right==SrcWidth; bottom==SrcHeight; back==1;
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]    stereoHandle  Stereo handle corresponding to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]    TurnOn         != 0 : Turns on \n 
+//!                               == 0 : Turns off 
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                Retrieval of frustum adjust mode was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE   Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED            Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_ReverseStereoBlitControl(StereoHandle hStereoHandle, NvU8 TurnOn);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetNotificationMessage
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API is a Setup notification message that the stereo driver uses to notify the application
+//!                when the user changes the stereo driver state. 
+//!
+//!                When the user changes the stereo state (Activated or Deactivated, separation or conversion)
+//!                the stereo driver posts a defined message with the following parameters:
+//!
+//!                lParam  is the current conversion. (Actual conversion is *(float*)&lParam )
+//!          
+//!                wParam == MAKEWPARAM(l, h) where
+//!                - l == 0 if stereo is deactivated
+//!                - l == 1 if stereo is deactivated
+//!                - h is the current separation. (Actual separation is float(h*100.f/0xFFFF)  
+//!                
+//!                Call this API with NULL hWnd to prohibit notification.
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   Use after the stereo handle for device interface is created via successful call to appropriate
+//!                NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!                
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle  Stereo handle corresponding to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]     hWnd          Window HWND that will be notified when the user changes the stereo driver state.
+//!                               Actual HWND must be cast to an NvU64.
+//! \param [in]     messageID     MessageID of the message that will be posted to hWnd
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                Notification set.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE   Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED            Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetNotificationMessage(StereoHandle hStereoHandle, NvU64 hWnd,NvU64 messageID);
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+#define NVAPI_STEREO_QUADBUFFERED_API_VERSION   0x2
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+ typedef enum _NV_StereoSwapChainMode
+ {
+   NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_DEFAULT = 0,
+   NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_STEREO = 1,
+   NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_MONO = 2,
+ } NV_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_MODE;
+
+#if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D1x_CreateSwapChain
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API allows the user to create a mono or a stereo swap chain.
+//!
+//!          NOTE: NvAPI_D3D1x_CreateSwapChain is a wrapper of the method IDXGIFactory::CreateSwapChain which
+//!                additionally notifies the D3D driver of the mode in which stereo mode the swap chain is to be
+//!                created.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 285
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hStereoHandle      Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//!                                   A pointer to the device that will write 2D images to the swap chain.
+//! \param [in]     pDesc             A pointer to the swap-chain description (DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC). This parameter cannot be NULL.
+//! \param [out]    ppSwapChain       A pointer to the swap chain created.
+//! \param [in]     mode              The stereo mode fot the swap chain.
+//!                                   NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_DEFAULT 
+//!                                   NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_STEREO 
+//!                                   NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_MONO 
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                 The swap chain was created successfully.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR              The operation failed.
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D1x_CreateSwapChain(StereoHandle hStereoHandle,
+                                            DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC* pDesc,
+                                            IDXGISwapChain** ppSwapChain,
+                                            NV_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_MODE mode);
+
+#endif //if defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) //NvAPI_D3D9_CreateSwapChain
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D9_CreateSwapChain
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API allows the user to create a mono or a stereo swap chain.
+//!
+//!          NOTE: NvAPI_D3D9_CreateSwapChain is a wrapper of the method IDirect3DDevice9::CreateAdditionalSwapChain which
+//!                additionally notifies the D3D driver if the swap chain creation mode must be stereo or mono.
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 285
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hStereoHandle            Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in, out] pPresentationParameters  A pointer to the swap-chain description (DXGI). This parameter cannot be NULL.
+//! \param [out]     ppSwapChain              A pointer to the swap chain created.
+//! \param [in]      mode                     The stereo mode for the swap chain.
+//!                                           NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_DEFAULT 
+//!                                           NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_STEREO 
+//!                                           NVAPI_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_MONO 
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                        The swap chain creation was successful 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                     The operation failed.
+//!
+//!\ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D9_CreateSwapChain(StereoHandle hStereoHandle,
+                                           D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters,
+                                           IDirect3DSwapChain9 **ppSwapChain,
+                                           NV_STEREO_SWAPCHAIN_MODE mode);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) //NvAPI_D3D9_CreateSwapChain
+
+
+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup drsapi
+//! @{
+
+
+// GPU Profile APIs
+
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvDRSSessionHandle);
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvDRSProfileHandle);
+
+#define NVAPI_DRS_GLOBAL_PROFILE                             ((NvDRSProfileHandle) -1)
+
+#define NVAPI_SETTING_MAX_VALUES                             100
+
+typedef enum _NVDRS_SETTING_TYPE
+{
+     NVDRS_DWORD_TYPE,
+     NVDRS_BINARY_TYPE,
+     NVDRS_STRING_TYPE,
+     NVDRS_WSTRING_TYPE
+} NVDRS_SETTING_TYPE;
+
+typedef enum _NVDRS_SETTING_LOCATION
+{
+     NVDRS_CURRENT_PROFILE_LOCATION,
+     NVDRS_GLOBAL_PROFILE_LOCATION,
+     NVDRS_BASE_PROFILE_LOCATION,
+     NVDRS_DEFAULT_PROFILE_LOCATION
+} NVDRS_SETTING_LOCATION;
+
+
+typedef struct _NVDRS_GPU_SUPPORT
+{
+    NvU32 geforce    :  1;
+    NvU32 quadro     :  1;
+    NvU32 nvs        :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved4  :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved5  :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved6  :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved7  :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved8  :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved9  :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved10 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved11 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved12 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved13 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved14 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved15 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved16 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved17 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved18 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved19 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved20 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved21 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved22 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved23 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved24 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved25 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved26 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved27 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved28 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved29 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved30 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved31 :  1;
+    NvU32 reserved32 :  1;
+} NVDRS_GPU_SUPPORT;
+
+//! Enum to decide on the datatype of setting value.
+typedef struct _NVDRS_BINARY_SETTING 
+{
+     NvU32                valueLength;               //!< valueLength should always be in number of bytes.
+     NvU8                 valueData[NVAPI_BINARY_DATA_MAX];
+} NVDRS_BINARY_SETTING;
+
+typedef struct _NVDRS_SETTING_VALUES
+{
+     NvU32                      version;                //!< Structure Version
+     NvU32                      numSettingValues;       //!< Total number of values available in a setting.
+     NVDRS_SETTING_TYPE         settingType;            //!< Type of setting value.  
+     union                                              //!< Setting can hold either DWORD or Binary value or string. Not mixed types.
+     {
+         NvU32                      u32DefaultValue;    //!< Accessing default DWORD value of this setting.
+         NVDRS_BINARY_SETTING       binaryDefaultValue; //!< Accessing default Binary value of this setting.
+                                                        //!< Must be allocated by caller with valueLength specifying buffer size, or only valueLength will be filled in.
+         NvAPI_UnicodeString        wszDefaultValue;    //!< Accessing default unicode string value of this setting.
+     };
+     union                                                //!< Setting values can be of either DWORD, Binary values or String type,
+     {                                                    //!< NOT mixed types.
+         NvU32                      u32Value;           //!< All possible DWORD values for a setting
+         NVDRS_BINARY_SETTING       binaryValue;        //!< All possible Binary values for a setting
+         NvAPI_UnicodeString        wszValue;           //!< Accessing current unicode string value of this setting.
+     }settingValues[NVAPI_SETTING_MAX_VALUES];
+} NVDRS_SETTING_VALUES;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NVDRS_SETTING_VALUES
+#define NVDRS_SETTING_VALUES_VER    MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVDRS_SETTING_VALUES,1)
+     
+typedef struct _NVDRS_SETTING_V1
+{
+     NvU32                      version;                //!< Structure Version
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        settingName;            //!< String name of setting
+     NvU32                      settingId;              //!< 32 bit setting Id
+     NVDRS_SETTING_TYPE         settingType;            //!< Type of setting value.  
+     NVDRS_SETTING_LOCATION     settingLocation;        //!< Describes where the value in CurrentValue comes from. 
+     NvU32                      isCurrentPredefined;    //!< It is different than 0 if the currentValue is a predefined Value, 
+                                                        //!< 0 if the currentValue is a user value. 
+     NvU32                      isPredefinedValid;      //!< It is different than 0 if the PredefinedValue union contains a valid value. 
+     union                                              //!< Setting can hold either DWORD or Binary value or string. Not mixed types.
+     {
+         NvU32                      u32PredefinedValue;    //!< Accessing default DWORD value of this setting.
+         NVDRS_BINARY_SETTING       binaryPredefinedValue; //!< Accessing default Binary value of this setting.
+                                                           //!< Must be allocated by caller with valueLength specifying buffer size, 
+                                                           //!< or only valueLength will be filled in.
+         NvAPI_UnicodeString        wszPredefinedValue;    //!< Accessing default unicode string value of this setting.
+     };
+     union                                              //!< Setting can hold either DWORD or Binary value or string. Not mixed types.
+     {
+         NvU32                      u32CurrentValue;    //!< Accessing current DWORD value of this setting.
+         NVDRS_BINARY_SETTING       binaryCurrentValue; //!< Accessing current Binary value of this setting.
+                                                        //!< Must be allocated by caller with valueLength specifying buffer size, 
+                                                        //!< or only valueLength will be filled in.
+         NvAPI_UnicodeString        wszCurrentValue;    //!< Accessing current unicode string value of this setting.
+     };                                                 
+} NVDRS_SETTING_V1;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NVDRS_SETTING
+#define NVDRS_SETTING_VER1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVDRS_SETTING_V1, 1)
+
+typedef NVDRS_SETTING_V1          NVDRS_SETTING;
+#define NVDRS_SETTING_VER         NVDRS_SETTING_VER1
+
+typedef struct _NVDRS_APPLICATION_V1
+{
+     NvU32                      version;            //!< Structure Version
+     NvU32                      isPredefined;       //!< Is the application userdefined/predefined
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        appName;            //!< String name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        userFriendlyName;   //!< UserFriendly name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        launcher;           //!< Indicates the name (if any) of the launcher that starts the application  
+} NVDRS_APPLICATION_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NVDRS_APPLICATION_V2
+{
+     NvU32                      version;            //!< Structure Version
+     NvU32                      isPredefined;       //!< Is the application userdefined/predefined
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        appName;            //!< String name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        userFriendlyName;   //!< UserFriendly name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        launcher;           //!< Indicates the name (if any) of the launcher that starts the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        fileInFolder;       //!< Select this application only if this file is found.
+                                                    //!< When specifying multiple files, separate them using the ':' character.
+} NVDRS_APPLICATION_V2;
+
+typedef struct _NVDRS_APPLICATION_V3
+{
+     NvU32                      version;            //!< Structure Version
+     NvU32                      isPredefined;       //!< Is the application userdefined/predefined
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        appName;            //!< String name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        userFriendlyName;   //!< UserFriendly name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        launcher;           //!< Indicates the name (if any) of the launcher that starts the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        fileInFolder;       //!< Select this application only if this file is found.
+                                                    //!< When specifying multiple files, separate them using the ':' character.
+     NvU32                      isMetro:1;          //!< Windows 8 style app
+     NvU32                      isCommandLine:1;    //!< Command line parsing for the application name
+     NvU32                      reserved:30;        //!< Reserved. Should be 0.
+} NVDRS_APPLICATION_V3;
+
+typedef struct _NVDRS_APPLICATION_V4
+{
+     NvU32                      version;            //!< Structure Version
+     NvU32                      isPredefined;       //!< Is the application userdefined/predefined
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        appName;            //!< String name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        userFriendlyName;   //!< UserFriendly name of the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        launcher;           //!< Indicates the name (if any) of the launcher that starts the Application
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        fileInFolder;       //!< Select this application only if this file is found.
+                                                    //!< When specifying multiple files, separate them using the ':' character.
+     NvU32                      isMetro:1;          //!< Windows 8 style app
+     NvU32                      isCommandLine:1;    //!< Command line parsing for the application name
+     NvU32                      reserved:30;        //!< Reserved. Should be 0.
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        commandLine;        //!< If isCommandLine is set to 0 this must be an empty. If isCommandLine is set to 1 
+                                                    //!< this contains application's command line as if it was returned by GetCommandLineW.
+} NVDRS_APPLICATION_V4;
+
+#define NVDRS_APPLICATION_VER_V1        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVDRS_APPLICATION_V1,1)
+#define NVDRS_APPLICATION_VER_V2        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVDRS_APPLICATION_V2,2)
+#define NVDRS_APPLICATION_VER_V3        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVDRS_APPLICATION_V3,3)
+#define NVDRS_APPLICATION_VER_V4        MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVDRS_APPLICATION_V4,4)
+
+typedef NVDRS_APPLICATION_V4 NVDRS_APPLICATION;
+#define NVDRS_APPLICATION_VER NVDRS_APPLICATION_VER_V4
+
+typedef struct _NVDRS_PROFILE_V1
+{
+     NvU32                      version;            //!< Structure Version
+     NvAPI_UnicodeString        profileName;        //!< String name of the Profile
+     NVDRS_GPU_SUPPORT          gpuSupport;         //!< This read-only flag indicates the profile support on either
+                                                    //!< Quadro, or Geforce, or both.
+     NvU32                      isPredefined;       //!< Is the Profile user-defined, or predefined
+     NvU32                      numOfApps;          //!< Total number of applications that belong to this profile. Read-only
+     NvU32                      numOfSettings;      //!< Total number of settings applied for this Profile. Read-only
+} NVDRS_PROFILE_V1;
+
+typedef NVDRS_PROFILE_V1         NVDRS_PROFILE;
+
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of ::NVDRS_PROFILE
+#define NVDRS_PROFILE_VER1       MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NVDRS_PROFILE_V1,1)
+#define NVDRS_PROFILE_VER        NVDRS_PROFILE_VER1
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API allocates memory and initializes the session.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [out]  *phSession Return pointer to the session handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR: For miscellaneous errors.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession(NvDRSSessionHandle *phSession);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API frees the allocation: cleanup of NvDrsSession.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in] hSession Input to the session handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR For miscellaneous errors.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API loads and parses the settings data.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in] hSession  Input to the session handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API saves the settings data to the system.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in] hSession  Input to the session handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK    SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR For miscellaneous errors.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettingsFromFile
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API loads settings from the given file path.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession Input to the session handle
+//! \param [in]  fileName Binary File Name/Path
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettingsFromFile(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvAPI_UnicodeString fileName);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettingsToFile
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API saves settings to the given file path.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession  Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  fileName  Binary File Name/Path
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettingsToFile(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvAPI_UnicodeString fileName);
+
+//! @}
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API creates an empty profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession        Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  *pProfileInfo   Input pointer to NVDRS_PROFILE.
+//! \param [in]  *phProfile      Returns pointer to profile handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NVDRS_PROFILE *pProfileInfo, NvDRSProfileHandle *phProfile);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_DeleteProfile
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API deletes a profile or sets it back to a predefined value.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in] hSession  Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in] hProfile  Input profile handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_DeleteProfile(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_SetCurrentGlobalProfile
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API sets the current global profile in the driver.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in] hSession                Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in] wszGlobalProfileName    Input current Global profile name.
+//!               
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_SetCurrentGlobalProfile(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvAPI_UnicodeString wszGlobalProfileName);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetCurrentGlobalProfile
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns the handle to the current global profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hSession     Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [out]  *phProfile   Returns current Global profile handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetCurrentGlobalProfile(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle *phProfile);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetProfileInfo
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API gets information about the given profile. User needs to specify the name of the Profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession       Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile       Input profile handle.
+//! \param [out] *pProfileInfo  Return the profile info.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetProfileInfo(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NVDRS_PROFILE *pProfileInfo);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_SetProfileInfo
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Specifies flags for a given profile. Currently only the NVDRS_GPU_SUPPORT is
+//!                used to update the profile. Neither the name, number of settings or applications
+//!                or other profile information can be changed with this function. 
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession       Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile       Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]  *pProfileInfo  Input the new profile info.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_SetProfileInfo(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NVDRS_PROFILE *pProfileInfo);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API finds a profile in the current session.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hSession      Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]   profileName   Input profileName.
+//! \param [out]  phProfile     Input profile handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_PROFILE_NOT_FOUND if profile is not found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR             For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvAPI_UnicodeString profileName, NvDRSProfileHandle* phProfile);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_EnumProfiles
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API enumerates through all the profiles in the session.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hSession        Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]   index           Input the index for enumeration.
+//! \param [out]  *phProfile      Returns profile handle.
+//!                
+//!   RETURN STATUS: NVAPI_OK: SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//!                  NVAPI_ERROR: For miscellaneous errors.
+//!                  NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION: index exceeds the total number of available Profiles in DB.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_EnumProfiles(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvU32 index, NvDRSProfileHandle *phProfile);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetNumProfiles
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API obtains the number of profiles in the current session object.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession       Input to the session handle.
+//! \param out]  *numProfiles   Returns count of profiles in the current hSession.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                  SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  Failed to initialize.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT    Invalid Arguments.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetNumProfiles(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvU32 *numProfiles);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API adds an executable name to a profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession       Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile       Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]  *pApplication  Input NVDRS_APPLICATION struct with the executable name to be added.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle  hProfile, NVDRS_APPLICATION *pApplication);
+ 
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_DeleteApplicationEx
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API removes an executable from a profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hSession  - Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]   hProfile  - Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]   *pApp     - Input all the information about the application to be removed.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK  SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR For miscellaneous errors.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_PATH_IS_AMBIGUOUS If the path provided could refer to two different executables,
+//!                                              this error will be returned.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_DeleteApplicationEx(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NVDRS_APPLICATION *pApp);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_DeleteApplication
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API removes an executable name from a profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSessionPARAMETERS   Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile             Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]  appName              Input the executable name to be removed.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_PATH_IS_AMBIGUOUS If the path provided could refer to two different executables,
+//!                                              this error will be returned
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_DeleteApplication(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NvAPI_UnicodeString appName);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetApplicationInfo
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API gets information about the given application.  The input application name
+//!                must match exactly what the Profile has stored for the application. 
+//!                This function is better used to retrieve application information from a previous
+//!                enumeration.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hSession       Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]   hProfile       Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]   appName        Input application name.
+//! \param [out]  *pApplication  Returns NVDRS_APPLICATION struct with all the attributes.
+//!                
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!          If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, 
+//!          they are listed below.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_PATH_IS_AMBIGUOUS   The application name could not 
+//                                                single out only one executable.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND           No application with that name is found on the profile.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetApplicationInfo(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NvAPI_UnicodeString appName, NVDRS_APPLICATION *pApplication);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_EnumApplications
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API enumerates all the applications in a given profile from the starting index to the maximum length.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hSession         Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]      hProfile         Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]      startIndex       Indicates starting index for enumeration.
+//! \param [in,out]  *appCount        Input maximum length of the passed in arrays. Returns the actual length.
+//! \param [out]     *pApplication    Returns NVDRS_APPLICATION struct with all the attributes.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK               SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR            For miscellaneous errors.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION  startIndex exceeds the total appCount.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_EnumApplications(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NvU32 startIndex, NvU32 *appCount, NVDRS_APPLICATION *pApplication);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API searches the application and the associated profile for the given application name.
+//!                If a fully qualified path is provided, this function will always return the profile
+//!                the driver will apply upon running the application (on the path provided).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hSession       Input to the hSession handle
+//! \param [in]      appName        Input appName. For best results, provide a fully qualified path of the type
+//!                                 c:/Folder1/Folder2/App.exe
+//! \param [out]     *phProfile     Returns profile handle.
+//! \param [in,out]  *pApplication  Returns NVDRS_APPLICATION struct pointer.
+//!                
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!                  If there are return error codes with specific meaning for this API, 
+//!                  they are listed below:
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_APPLICATION_NOT_FOUND          If App not found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_PATH_IS_AMBIGUOUS   If the input appName was not fully qualified, this error might return in the case of multiple matches
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName(__in NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, __in NvAPI_UnicodeString appName, __out NvDRSProfileHandle *phProfile, __inout NVDRS_APPLICATION *pApplication);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API adds/modifies a setting to a profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession     Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile     Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]   *pSetting   Input NVDRS_SETTING struct pointer.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NVDRS_SETTING *pSetting);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API gets information about the given setting.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   hSession   Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]   hProfile   Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]   settingId  Input settingId.
+//! \param [out]  *pSetting  Returns all the setting info
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NvU32 settingId, NVDRS_SETTING *pSetting);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_EnumSettings
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API enumerates all the settings of a given profile from startIndex to the maximum length.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      hSession        Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]      hProfile        Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]      startIndex      Indicates starting index for enumeration.
+//! \param [in,out]  *settingsCount  Input max length of the passed in arrays, Returns the actual length.
+//! \param [out]     *pSetting       Returns all the settings info.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK              SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR           For miscellaneous errors.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION startIndex exceeds the total appCount.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_EnumSettings(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NvU32 startIndex, NvU32 *settingsCount, NVDRS_SETTING *pSetting);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_EnumAvailableSettingIds
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API enumerates all the Ids of all the settings recognized by NVAPI.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [out]    pSettingIds     User-provided array of length *pMaxCount that NVAPI will fill with IDs.
+//! \param [in,out] pMaxCount       Input max length of the passed in array, Returns the actual length.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!                  NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION: the provided pMaxCount is not enough to hold all settingIds.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_EnumAvailableSettingIds(NvU32 *pSettingIds, NvU32 *pMaxCount);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_EnumAvailableSettingValues
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API enumerates all available setting values for a given setting.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]      settingId          Input settingId.
+//! \param [in,out]  pMaxNumValues      Input max length of the passed in arrays, Returns the actual length.
+//! \param [out]     *pSettingValues    Returns all available setting values and its count.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_EnumAvailableSettingValues(NvU32 settingId, NvU32 *pMaxNumValues, NVDRS_SETTING_VALUES *pSettingValues);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetSettingIdFromName
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API gets the binary ID of a setting given the setting name.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   settingName  Input Unicode settingName.
+//! \param [out]  *pSettingId  Returns corresponding settingId.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                 SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_PROFILE_NOT_FOUND  if profile is not found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_SETTING_NOT_FOUND  if setting is not found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR              For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetSettingIdFromName(NvAPI_UnicodeString settingName, NvU32 *pSettingId);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetSettingNameFromId
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API gets the setting name given the binary ID.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  settingId        Input settingId.
+//! \param [in]  *pSettingName    Returns corresponding Unicode settingName.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                 SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_PROFILE_NOT_FOUND  if profile is not found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_SETTING_NOT_FOUND  if setting is not found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR              For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetSettingNameFromId(NvU32 settingId, NvAPI_UnicodeString *pSettingName);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_DeleteProfileSetting
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API deletes a setting or sets it back to predefined value.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession            Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile            Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]  settingId           Input settingId to be deleted.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_DeleteProfileSetting(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NvU32 settingId);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_RestoreAllDefaults
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API restores the whole system to predefined(default) values.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession  Input to the session handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_RestoreAllDefaults(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_RestoreProfileDefault
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API restores the given profile to predefined(default) values.
+//!                Any and all user specified modifications will be removed. 
+//!                If the whole profile was set by the user, the profile will be removed.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession  Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile  Input profile handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK              SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR           For miscellaneous errors.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_PROFILE_REMOVED SUCCESS, and the hProfile is no longer valid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR           For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_RestoreProfileDefault(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_RestoreProfileDefaultSetting
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API restores the given profile setting to predefined(default) values.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession  Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  hProfile  Input profile handle.
+//! \param [in]  settingId Input settingId.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_RestoreProfileDefaultSetting(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle hProfile, NvU32 settingId);
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_DRS_GetBaseProfile
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Returns the handle to the current global profile.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]  hSession    Input to the session handle.
+//! \param [in]  *phProfile   Returns Base profile handle.
+//!                
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK     SUCCESS if the profile is found
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  For miscellaneous errors.
+//!
+//! \ingroup drsapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DRS_GetBaseProfile(NvDRSSessionHandle hSession, NvDRSProfileHandle *phProfile);
+
+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup sysgeneral
+//! @{
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32               version;            //!< structure version
+    NvU32               vendorId;           //!< Chipset vendor identification
+    NvU32               deviceId;           //!< Chipset device identification
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szVendorName;       //!< Chipset vendor Name
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szChipsetName;      //!< Chipset device Name
+    NvU32               flags;              //!< Chipset info flags - obsolete
+    NvU32               subSysVendorId;     //!< Chipset subsystem vendor identification
+    NvU32               subSysDeviceId;     //!< Chipset subsystem device identification 
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szSubSysVendorName; //!< subsystem vendor Name
+    NvU32               HBvendorId;         //!< Host bridge vendor identification
+    NvU32               HBdeviceId;         //!< Host bridge device identification
+    NvU32               HBsubSysVendorId;   //!< Host bridge subsystem vendor identification
+    NvU32               HBsubSysDeviceId;   //!< Host bridge subsystem device identification
+
+} NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v4;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32               version;            //!< structure version
+    NvU32               vendorId;           //!< vendor ID
+    NvU32               deviceId;           //!< device ID
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szVendorName;       //!< vendor Name
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szChipsetName;      //!< device Name
+    NvU32               flags;              //!< Chipset info flags - obsolete
+    NvU32               subSysVendorId;     //!< subsystem vendor ID
+    NvU32               subSysDeviceId;     //!< subsystem device ID
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szSubSysVendorName; //!< subsystem vendor Name
+} NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v3;
+
+typedef enum
+{
+    NV_CHIPSET_INFO_HYBRID          = 0x00000001,
+} NV_CHIPSET_INFO_FLAGS;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32               version;        //!< structure version
+    NvU32               vendorId;       //!< vendor ID
+    NvU32               deviceId;       //!< device ID
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szVendorName;   //!< vendor Name
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szChipsetName;  //!< device Name
+    NvU32               flags;          //!< Chipset info flags
+} NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v2;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32               version;        //structure version
+    NvU32               vendorId;       //vendor ID
+    NvU32               deviceId;       //device ID
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szVendorName;   //vendor Name
+    NvAPI_ShortString   szChipsetName;  //device Name
+} NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v1;
+
+#define NV_CHIPSET_INFO_VER_1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v1,1)
+#define NV_CHIPSET_INFO_VER_2   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v2,2)
+#define NV_CHIPSET_INFO_VER_3   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v3,3)
+#define NV_CHIPSET_INFO_VER_4   MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v4,4)
+
+#define NV_CHIPSET_INFO         NV_CHIPSET_INFO_v4
+#define NV_CHIPSET_INFO_VER     NV_CHIPSET_INFO_VER_4
+
+//! @}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_SYS_GetChipSetInfo
+//
+//!  This function returns information about the system's chipset.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 95
+//!
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT              pChipSetInfo is NULL.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_OK                           *pChipSetInfo is now set.
+//! \retval  NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION   NV_CHIPSET_INFO version not compatible with driver.
+//! \ingroup sysgeneral
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SYS_GetChipSetInfo(NV_CHIPSET_INFO *pChipSetInfo);
+
+
+//! \ingroup sysgeneral
+//! Lid and dock information - used in NvAPI_GetLidDockInfo()
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32 version;    //! Structure version, constructed from the macro #NV_LID_DOCK_PARAMS_VER
+    NvU32 currentLidState;
+    NvU32 currentDockState;
+    NvU32 currentLidPolicy;
+    NvU32 currentDockPolicy;
+    NvU32 forcedLidMechanismPresent;
+    NvU32 forcedDockMechanismPresent;
+}NV_LID_DOCK_PARAMS;
+
+
+//! ingroup sysgeneral
+#define NV_LID_DOCK_PARAMS_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_LID_DOCK_PARAMS,1)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GetLidDockInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This function returns the current lid and dock information.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 177
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK  
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//!
+//! \ingroup sysgeneral
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SYS_GetLidAndDockInfo(NV_LID_DOCK_PARAMS *pLidAndDock);
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SYS_GetDisplayIdFromGpuAndOutputId
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API converts a Physical GPU handle and output ID to a
+//!                  display ID.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     hPhysicalGpu   Handle to the physical GPU
+//! \param [in]     outputId       Connected display output ID on the 
+//!                                target GPU - must only have one bit set
+//! \param [out]    displayId      Pointer to an NvU32 which contains
+//!                                 the display ID
+//!
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_OK - completed request
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_ERROR - miscellaneous error occurred
+//! \retval  ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - Invalid input parameter.
+//!
+//! \ingroup sysgeneral
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SYS_GetDisplayIdFromGpuAndOutputId(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 outputId, NvU32* displayId);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SYS_GetGpuAndOutputIdFromDisplayId
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API converts a display ID to a Physical GPU handle and output ID.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]     displayId       Display ID of display to retrieve 
+//!                                 GPU and outputId for
+//! \param [out]    hPhysicalGpu    Handle to the physical GPU
+//! \param [out]    outputId )      Connected display output ID on the 
+//!                                 target GPU will only have one bit set.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ID_OUT_OF_RANGE    The DisplayId corresponds to a 
+//!                                    display which is not within the
+//!                                    normal outputId range.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR   
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT 
+//!
+//! \ingroup sysgeneral
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SYS_GetGpuAndOutputIdFromDisplayId(NvU32 displayId, NvPhysicalGpuHandle *hPhysicalGpu, NvU32 *outputId);
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_SYS_GetPhysicalGpuFromDisplayId
+//
+//! \code
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API retrieves the Physical GPU handle of the connected display
+//!
+//! \since Release: 313
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! PARAMETERS:      displayId(IN)     - Display ID of display to retrieve 
+//!                                      GPU handle
+//!                  hPhysicalGpu(OUT) - Handle to the physical GPU
+//!
+//! RETURN STATUS:
+//!                  NVAPI_OK - completed request
+//!                  NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized
+//!                  NVAPI_ERROR - miscellaneous error occurred
+//!                  NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - Invalid input parameter.
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup sysgeneral
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SYS_GetPhysicalGpuFromDisplayId(NvU32 displayId, NvPhysicalGpuHandle *hPhysicalGpu);
+
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                    //!< Structure Version.
+    NvU32 driverVersion;                              //!< Contains the driver version after successful return.
+    NvAPI_ShortString szBuildBranch;                  //!< Contains the driver-branch string after successful return.
+    NvU32 bIsDCHDriver                        : 1;    //!< Contains the driver DCH status after successful return.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this is DCH driver.
+                                                      //!< Value of 0 means that this is not a DCH driver (NVAPI may be unable to query the DCH status of the driver due to some registry API errors, in that case the API will return with NVAPI_ERROR)
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIAStudioPackage              : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field provides information about whether the installed driver is from an NVIDIA Studio Driver package.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA Studio Driver package.
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIAGameReadyPackage           : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field provides information about whether the installed driver is from an NVIDIA Game Ready Driver package.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA Game Ready Driver package.
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIARTXProductionBranchPackage : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field confirms whether the installed driver package is from an NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branch which offers ISV certifications, long life-cycle support, regular security updates, and access to the same functionality as corresponding NVIDIA Studio Driver Packages (i.e., of the same driver version number).
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branch package.
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIARTXNewFeatureBranchPackage : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field confirms whether the installed driver package is from an NVIDIA RTX New Feature Branch.
+                                                      //!< This driver typically gives access to new features, bug fixes, new operating system support, and other driver enhancements offered between NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branch releases. Support duration for NVIDIA RTX New Feature Branches is shorter than that for NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branches.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA RTX New Feature Branch package.
+    NvU32 reserved                            : 27;   //!< Reserved for future use.
+} NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_V1;
+
+typedef struct _NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_V2
+{
+    NvU32 version;                                    //!< Structure Version.
+    NvU32 driverVersion;                              //!< Contains the driver version after successful return.
+    NvAPI_ShortString szBuildBranch;                  //!< Contains the driver-branch string after successful return.
+    NvU32 bIsDCHDriver                        : 1;    //!< Contains the driver DCH status after successful return.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this is DCH driver.
+                                                      //!< Value of 0 means that this is not a DCH driver (NVAPI may be unable to query the DCH status of the driver due to some registry API errors, in that case the API will return with NVAPI_ERROR)
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIAStudioPackage              : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field provides information about whether the installed driver is from an NVIDIA Studio Driver package.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA Studio Driver package.
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIAGameReadyPackage           : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field provides information about whether the installed driver is from an NVIDIA Game Ready Driver package.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA Game Ready Driver package.
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIARTXProductionBranchPackage : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field confirms whether the installed driver package is from an NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branch which offers ISV certifications, long life-cycle support, regular security updates, and access to the same functionality as corresponding NVIDIA Studio Driver Packages (i.e., of the same driver version number).
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branch package.
+    NvU32 bIsNVIDIARTXNewFeatureBranchPackage : 1;    //!< On successful return, this field confirms whether the installed driver package is from an NVIDIA RTX New Feature Branch.
+                                                      //!< This driver typically gives access to new features, bug fixes, new operating system support, and other driver enhancements offered between NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branch releases. Support duration for NVIDIA RTX New Feature Branches is shorter than that for NVIDIA RTX Enterprise Production Branches.
+                                                      //!< Value of 1 means that this driver is from the NVIDIA RTX New Feature Branch package.
+    NvU32 reserved                            : 27;   //!< Reserved for future use.
+    NvAPI_ShortString szBuildBaseBranch;              //!< (OUT) Contains the driver base branch string after successful return.
+    NvU32 reservedEx;                                 //!< Reserved for future use
+} NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_V2;
+
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_VER1             MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_V1, 1)
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_VER2             MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_V2, 2)
+typedef NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_V2               NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO;
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_VER              NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO_VER2
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_SYS_GetDisplayDriverInfo
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API will return information related to the NVIDIA Display Driver.
+//!              Note that out of the driver types - Studio, Game Ready, RTX Production Branch, RTX New Feature Branch - only one driver type can be available in system.
+//!              If NVAPI is unable to get the information of particular driver type, we report all flags as 0 (Unknown).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 396
+//!
+//! \param [inout] pDriverInfo - This structure will be filled with required information.
+//!
+//! \return  This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in
+//!          #NvAPI_Status.  If there are return error codes with specific
+//!          meaning for this API, they are listed below.
+//!
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SYS_GetDisplayDriverInfo(__inout NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_INFO *pDriverInfo);
+
+
+/*!
+ * Callback settings common to all client callbacks.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_CLIENT_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * [in] Generic callback parameter which will be passed to the callback.
+     */
+    void* pCallbackParam;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for future expansion.
+     */
+    NvU8 rsvd[64];
+} NV_CLIENT_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1;
+
+typedef NV_CLIENT_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1 NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1;
+
+
+/*!
+ * Callback settings common to all periodic client callbacks.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * [in] Super class data.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1 super;
+
+    /*!
+     * [in] Minimum interval at which callback will be called.
+     *
+     * The callback may be invoked slower than this interval if underlying
+     * sampling rate does not align precisely to the provided period.
+     */
+    NvU32 callbackPeriodms;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for future expansion.
+     */
+    NvU8 rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1;
+
+/*!
+ * Callback data common to all client callbacks.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_DATA_SUPER_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * [out] Generic callback parameter which was passed in at registration time.
+     */
+    void* pCallbackParam;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for future expansion.
+     */
+    NvU8 rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_DATA_SUPER_V1;
+
+
+/*!
+ * Enumeration of different utilization domains
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAIN_ID
+{
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAIN_GRAPHICS = 0,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAIN_FRAME_BUFFER = 1,
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAIN_VIDEO = 2,
+    /*!
+     * Reserved for future use.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAIN_RSVD = 3,
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAIN_ID;
+
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAINS_MAX_V1                                    (4)
+
+/*!
+ * Data specific to a single utilization domain.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_DATA_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * [out] Utilization domain identifier.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAIN_ID utilId;
+
+    /*!
+     * [out] Percentage of time where the domain is considered busy since the
+     * last sample. Units of percent*100; i.e. 5000 = 50%.
+     */
+    NvU32 utilizationPercent;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for future expansion.
+     */
+    NvU8 rsvd[61];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_DATA_V1;
+
+/*!
+ * Data passed back to callback registered with
+ * @ref NvAPI_GPU_ClientRegisterForUtilizationSampleUpdates.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_UTILIZATION_DATA_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * [out] Super struct.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_DATA_SUPER_V1 super;
+
+    /*!
+     * [out] Number of valid entries in `utils` array.
+     */
+    NvU32 numUtils;
+
+    /*!
+     * [out] Time at which data was collected. Represented as elapsed
+     * microseconds since 00:00:00 UTC on January 1, 1970.
+     */
+    NvU64 timestamp;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for future expansion.
+     */
+    NvU8 rsvd[64];
+
+    /*!
+     * [out] Status data for each utilization domain.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_DATA_V1 utils[NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTIL_DOMAINS_MAX_V1];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_UTILIZATION_DATA_V1;
+
+/*!
+ * Function prototype for a periodic utilization data callback that will be registered with NvAPI.
+ */
+typedef void (__cdecl *NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_V1)(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_CLIENT_CALLBACK_UTILIZATION_DATA_V1* pData);
+
+/*!
+ * Data required to register a periodic callback for utilization data.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_V1
+{
+    /*!
+     * [in] Structure Version, must always be first.
+     */
+    NvU32 version;
+
+    /*!
+     * [in] Generic callback settings. Some data within will be passed to the
+     * callback when invoked.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_SUPER_V1 super;
+
+    /*!
+     * [in] Callback. Pass in NULL or nullptr to indicate request to unregister.
+     */
+    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_V1 callback;
+
+    /*!
+     * Reserved bytes for future expansion.
+     */
+    NvU8 rsvd[64];
+} NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_V1;
+
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_V1, 1)
+typedef NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_V1    NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS;
+#define NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_VER   NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS_VER1
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_ClientRegisterForUtilizationSampleUpdates
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_GPU_ClientRegisterForUtilizationSampleUpdates()
+//! \code
+//!   DESCRIPTION: Register to receive samples of utilization data periodically
+//!                via a function pointer callback.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release 455
+//!
+//! \return        NVAPI_OK                          - Registration was successful
+//!                NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED         - NVAPI not initialized
+//!                NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION - Invalid structure version specified
+//!                NVAPI_INVALID_CONFIGURATION       - Invalid software environment configuration
+//!                NVAPI_TIMEOUT                     - Registration request timed out
+//!                NVAPI_ERROR                       - Unknown underlying error
+//!
+//! \endcode
+//! \ingroup nvtopps
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_ClientRegisterForUtilizationSampleUpdates(__in NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, __in NV_GPU_CLIENT_UTILIZATION_PERIODIC_CALLBACK_SETTINGS* pCallbackSettings);
+
+
+
+
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}; //extern "C" {
+
+#endif
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#endif // _NVAPI_H
+
+#include"nvapi_lite_salend.h"
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_common.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_common.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28b735c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_common.h
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+/************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ® 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+#pragma once
+#include"nvapi_lite_salstart.h"
+#pragma pack(push,8)
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#if (defined(WIN32) || defined(_WIN32)) && defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER > 1399) && !defined(NVAPI_INTERNAL) && !defined(NVAPI_DEPRECATED_OLD)
+#ifndef __nvapi_deprecated_function
+#define __nvapi_deprecated_function(message) __declspec(deprecated(message))
+#endif
+#ifndef __nvapi_deprecated_datatype
+#define __nvapi_deprecated_datatype(FirstRelease) __declspec(deprecated("Do not use this data type - it is deprecated in release " #FirstRelease "."))
+#endif
+#else
+#ifndef __nvapi_deprecated_function
+#define __nvapi_deprecated_function(message)
+#endif
+#ifndef __nvapi_deprecated_datatype
+#define __nvapi_deprecated_datatype(FirstRelease)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+
+/* 64-bit types for compilers that support them, plus some obsolete variants */
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__arm) || defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__) || defined(__ghs__) || defined(_WIN64)
+typedef unsigned long long NvU64; /* 0 to 18446744073709551615  */
+typedef long long          NvS64; /* -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807  */
+#else
+typedef unsigned __int64   NvU64; /* 0 to 18446744073709551615  */
+typedef __int64            NvS64; /* -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807  */
+#endif
+
+// mac os 32-bit still needs this
+#if (defined(macintosh) || defined(__APPLE__)) && !defined(__LP64__)
+typedef signed long        NvS32; /* -2147483648 to 2147483647  */   
+#else
+typedef signed int         NvS32; /* -2147483648 to 2147483647 */  
+#endif
+
+#ifndef __unix
+// mac os 32-bit still needs this
+#if ( (defined(macintosh) && defined(__LP64__) && (__NVAPI_RESERVED0__)) || \
+      (!defined(macintosh) && defined(__NVAPI_RESERVED0__)) ) 
+typedef unsigned int       NvU32; /* 0 to 4294967295                         */
+#else
+typedef unsigned long      NvU32; /* 0 to 4294967295                         */
+#endif
+#else
+typedef unsigned int       NvU32; /* 0 to 4294967295                         */
+#endif
+
+typedef unsigned long    temp_NvU32; /* 0 to 4294967295                         */
+typedef signed   short   NvS16;
+typedef unsigned short   NvU16;
+typedef unsigned char    NvU8;
+typedef signed   char    NvS8;
+typedef float            NvF32;
+typedef double           NvF64;
+
+/*!
+ * Macro to convert NvU32 to NvF32.
+ */
+#define NvU32TONvF32(_pData) *(NvF32 *)(_pData)
+/*!
+ * Macro to convert NvF32 to NvU32.
+ */
+#define NvF32TONvU32(_pData) *(NvU32 *)(_pData)
+
+/* Boolean type */
+typedef NvU8 NvBool;
+#define NV_TRUE           ((NvBool)(0 == 0))
+#define NV_FALSE          ((NvBool)(0 != 0))
+
+typedef struct _NV_RECT
+{
+    NvU32    left;
+    NvU32    top;
+    NvU32    right;
+    NvU32    bottom;
+} NV_RECT;
+
+
+#define NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(name) struct name##__ { int unused; }; typedef struct name##__ *name
+
+//! \addtogroup nvapihandles
+//! NVAPI Handles - These handles are retrieved from various calls and passed in to others in NvAPI
+//!                 These are meant to be opaque types.  Do not assume they correspond to indices, HDCs,
+//!                 display indexes or anything else.
+//!
+//!                 Most handles remain valid until a display re-configuration (display mode set) or GPU
+//!                 reconfiguration (going into or out of SLI modes) occurs.  If NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED
+//!                 is received by an app, it should discard all handles, and re-enumerate them.
+//! @{  
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvLogicalGpuHandle);             //!< One or more physical GPUs acting in concert (SLI)
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvPhysicalGpuHandle);            //!< A single physical GPU
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvDisplayHandle);                //!< Display Device driven by NVIDIA GPU(s) (an attached display)
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvMonitorHandle);                //!< Monitor handle
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvUnAttachedDisplayHandle);      //!< Unattached Display Device driven by NVIDIA GPU(s)
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvVisualComputingDeviceHandle);  //!< A handle to a Visual Computing Device
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvEventHandle);                  //!< A handle to an event registration instance
+
+
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvHICHandle);                    //!< A handle to a Host Interface Card
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvGSyncDeviceHandle);            //!< A handle to a Sync device
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvVioHandle);                    //!< A handle to an SDI device
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvTransitionHandle);             //!< A handle to address a single transition request
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvAudioHandle);                  //!< NVIDIA HD Audio Device
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(Nv3DVPContextHandle);            //!< A handle for a 3D Vision Pro (3DVP) context
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(Nv3DVPTransceiverHandle);        //!< A handle for a 3DVP RF transceiver
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(Nv3DVPGlassesHandle);            //!< A handle for a pair of 3DVP RF shutter glasses
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvPcfClientHandle);              //!< A handle for NVPCF clients
+
+typedef void* StereoHandle;                        //!< A stereo handle, that corresponds to the device interface
+
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvSourceHandle);                 //!< Unique source handle on the system
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvTargetHandle);                 //!< Unique target handle on the system
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NVDX_SwapChainHandle);           //!< DirectX SwapChain objects
+static const NVDX_SwapChainHandle NVDX_SWAPCHAIN_NONE = 0;
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NvPresentBarrierClientHandle);   //!< PresentBarrier client object
+//! @}
+
+//! \ingroup nvapihandles
+//! @{
+#define NVAPI_DEFAULT_HANDLE        0
+#define NV_BIT(x)    (1 << (x)) 
+//! @}
+
+
+
+//! \addtogroup nvapitypes
+//! @{
+#define NVAPI_GENERIC_STRING_MAX    4096
+#define NVAPI_LONG_STRING_MAX       256
+#define NVAPI_SHORT_STRING_MAX      64
+
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvS32   sX;
+    NvS32   sY;
+    NvS32   sWidth;
+    NvS32   sHeight;
+} NvSBox;
+
+#ifndef NvGUID_Defined
+#define NvGUID_Defined
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 data1;
+    NvU16 data2;
+    NvU16 data3;
+    NvU8  data4[8];
+} NvGUID, NvLUID;
+
+
+#endif //#ifndef NvGUID_Defined
+#define NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS             64
+
+
+#define NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_BRIDGES          100
+#define NVAPI_PHYSICAL_GPUS                 32
+#define NVAPI_MAX_LOGICAL_GPUS              64
+#define NVAPI_MAX_AVAILABLE_GPU_TOPOLOGIES  256
+#define NVAPI_MAX_AVAILABLE_SLI_GROUPS      256
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_TOPOLOGIES            NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS
+#define NVAPI_MAX_GPU_PER_TOPOLOGY          8
+#define NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAY_HEADS             2
+#define NVAPI_ADVANCED_DISPLAY_HEADS        4
+#define NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAYS                  NVAPI_PHYSICAL_GPUS * NVAPI_ADVANCED_DISPLAY_HEADS
+#define NVAPI_MAX_ACPI_IDS                  16
+#define NVAPI_MAX_VIEW_MODES                8
+
+
+#define NVAPI_SYSTEM_MAX_HWBCS              128
+#define NVAPI_SYSTEM_HWBC_INVALID_ID        0xffffffff
+
+#define NVAPI_SYSTEM_MAX_DISPLAYS           NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS * NV_MAX_HEADS
+#define NV_MAX_HEADS                        4   //!< Maximum heads, each with NVAPI_DESKTOP_RES resolution
+#define NVAPI_MAX_HEADS_PER_GPU             32
+#define NV_MAX_VID_STREAMS      4   //!< Maximum number of input video streams, each with a #NVAPI_VIDEO_SRC_INFO
+#define NV_MAX_VID_STREAMS_EX  20   //!< Increasing MAX no. of input video streams, each with a #NVAPI_VIDEO_SRC_INFO
+#define NV_MAX_VID_PROFILES     4   //!< Maximum number of output video profiles supported
+
+#define NVAPI_MAX_AUDIO_DEVICES             16
+
+
+typedef char NvAPI_String[NVAPI_GENERIC_STRING_MAX];
+typedef char NvAPI_LongString[NVAPI_LONG_STRING_MAX];
+typedef char NvAPI_ShortString[NVAPI_SHORT_STRING_MAX];
+typedef NvU16 NvAPI_UnicodeShortString[NVAPI_SHORT_STRING_MAX];
+//! @}
+
+
+// =========================================================================================
+//!  NvAPI Version Definition \n
+//!  Maintain per structure specific version define using the MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION macro. \n
+//!  Usage: #define NV_GENLOCK_STATUS_VER  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GENLOCK_STATUS, 1)
+//!  \ingroup nvapitypes
+// =========================================================================================
+#define MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(typeName,ver) (NvU32)(sizeof(typeName) | ((ver)<<16))
+
+//!  \ingroup nvapitypes
+#define GET_NVAPI_VERSION(ver) (NvU32)((ver)>>16)
+
+//!  \ingroup nvapitypes
+#define GET_NVAPI_SIZE(ver) (NvU32)((ver) & 0xffff)
+
+
+// ====================================================
+//! NvAPI Status Values
+//!   All NvAPI functions return one of these codes.
+//!   \ingroup nvapistatus 
+// ====================================================
+
+
+typedef enum _NvAPI_Status
+{
+    NVAPI_OK                                    =  0,      //!< Success. Request is completed.
+    NVAPI_ERROR                                 = -1,      //!< Generic error
+    NVAPI_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND                     = -2,      //!< NVAPI support library cannot be loaded.
+    NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION                     = -3,      //!< not implemented in current driver installation
+    NVAPI_API_NOT_INITIALIZED                   = -4,      //!< NvAPI_Initialize has not been called (successfully)
+    NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT                      = -5,      //!< The argument/parameter value is not valid or NULL.
+    NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND               = -6,      //!< No NVIDIA display driver, or NVIDIA GPU driving a display, was found.
+    NVAPI_END_ENUMERATION                       = -7,      //!< No more items to enumerate
+    NVAPI_INVALID_HANDLE                        = -8,      //!< Invalid handle
+    NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION           = -9,      //!< An argument's structure version is not supported
+    NVAPI_HANDLE_INVALIDATED                    = -10,     //!< The handle is no longer valid (likely due to GPU or display re-configuration)
+    NVAPI_OPENGL_CONTEXT_NOT_CURRENT            = -11,     //!< No NVIDIA OpenGL context is current (but needs to be)
+    NVAPI_INVALID_POINTER                       = -14,     //!< An invalid pointer, usually NULL, was passed as a parameter
+    NVAPI_NO_GL_EXPERT                          = -12,     //!< OpenGL Expert is not supported by the current drivers
+    NVAPI_INSTRUMENTATION_DISABLED              = -13,     //!< OpenGL Expert is supported, but driver instrumentation is currently disabled
+    NVAPI_NO_GL_NSIGHT                          = -15,     //!< OpenGL does not support Nsight
+
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_LOGICAL_GPU_HANDLE           = -100,    //!< Expected a logical GPU handle for one or more parameters
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_PHYSICAL_GPU_HANDLE          = -101,    //!< Expected a physical GPU handle for one or more parameters
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_DISPLAY_HANDLE               = -102,    //!< Expected an NV display handle for one or more parameters
+    NVAPI_INVALID_COMBINATION                   = -103,    //!< The combination of parameters is not valid. 
+    NVAPI_NOT_SUPPORTED                         = -104,    //!< Requested feature is not supported in the selected GPU
+    NVAPI_PORTID_NOT_FOUND                      = -105,    //!< No port ID was found for the I2C transaction
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_UNATTACHED_DISPLAY_HANDLE    = -106,    //!< Expected an unattached display handle as one of the input parameters.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_PERF_LEVEL                    = -107,    //!< Invalid perf level 
+    NVAPI_DEVICE_BUSY                           = -108,    //!< Device is busy; request not fulfilled
+    NVAPI_NV_PERSIST_FILE_NOT_FOUND             = -109,    //!< NV persist file is not found
+    NVAPI_PERSIST_DATA_NOT_FOUND                = -110,    //!< NV persist data is not found
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_TV_DISPLAY                   = -111,    //!< Expected a TV output display
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_TV_DISPLAY_ON_DCONNECTOR     = -112,    //!< Expected a TV output on the D Connector - HDTV_EIAJ4120.
+    NVAPI_NO_ACTIVE_SLI_TOPOLOGY                = -113,    //!< SLI is not active on this device.
+    NVAPI_SLI_RENDERING_MODE_NOTALLOWED         = -114,    //!< Setup of SLI rendering mode is not possible right now.
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_DIGITAL_FLAT_PANEL           = -115,    //!< Expected a digital flat panel.
+    NVAPI_ARGUMENT_EXCEED_MAX_SIZE              = -116,    //!< Argument exceeds the expected size.
+    NVAPI_DEVICE_SWITCHING_NOT_ALLOWED          = -117,    //!< Inhibit is ON due to one of the flags in NV_GPU_DISPLAY_CHANGE_INHIBIT or SLI active.
+    NVAPI_TESTING_CLOCKS_NOT_SUPPORTED          = -118,    //!< Testing of clocks is not supported.
+    NVAPI_UNKNOWN_UNDERSCAN_CONFIG              = -119,    //!< The specified underscan config is from an unknown source (e.g. INF)
+    NVAPI_TIMEOUT_RECONFIGURING_GPU_TOPO        = -120,    //!< Timeout while reconfiguring GPUs
+    NVAPI_DATA_NOT_FOUND                        = -121,    //!< Requested data was not found
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_ANALOG_DISPLAY               = -122,    //!< Expected an analog display
+    NVAPI_NO_VIDLINK                            = -123,    //!< No SLI video bridge is present
+    NVAPI_REQUIRES_REBOOT                       = -124,    //!< NVAPI requires a reboot for the settings to take effect
+    NVAPI_INVALID_HYBRID_MODE                   = -125,    //!< The function is not supported with the current Hybrid mode.
+    NVAPI_MIXED_TARGET_TYPES                    = -126,    //!< The target types are not all the same
+    NVAPI_SYSWOW64_NOT_SUPPORTED                = -127,    //!< The function is not supported from 32-bit on a 64-bit system.
+    NVAPI_IMPLICIT_SET_GPU_TOPOLOGY_CHANGE_NOT_ALLOWED = -128,    //!< There is no implicit GPU topology active. Use NVAPI_SetHybridMode to change topology.
+    NVAPI_REQUEST_USER_TO_CLOSE_NON_MIGRATABLE_APPS = -129,      //!< Prompt the user to close all non-migratable applications.    
+    NVAPI_OUT_OF_MEMORY                         = -130,    //!< Could not allocate sufficient memory to complete the call.
+    NVAPI_WAS_STILL_DRAWING                     = -131,    //!< The previous operation that is transferring information to or from this surface is incomplete.
+    NVAPI_FILE_NOT_FOUND                        = -132,    //!< The file was not found.
+    NVAPI_TOO_MANY_UNIQUE_STATE_OBJECTS         = -133,    //!< There are too many unique instances of a particular type of state object.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_CALL                          = -134,    //!< The method call is invalid. For example, a method's parameter may not be a valid pointer.
+    NVAPI_D3D10_1_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND             = -135,    //!< d3d10_1.dll cannot be loaded.
+    NVAPI_FUNCTION_NOT_FOUND                    = -136,    //!< Couldn't find the function in the loaded DLL.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_USER_PRIVILEGE                = -137,    //!< The application will require Administrator privileges to access this API.
+	                                                       //!< The application can be elevated to a higher permission level by selecting "Run as Administrator".
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_NON_PRIMARY_DISPLAY_HANDLE   = -138,    //!< The handle corresponds to GDIPrimary.
+    NVAPI_EXPECTED_COMPUTE_GPU_HANDLE           = -139,    //!< Setting Physx GPU requires that the GPU is compute-capable.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED                = -140,    //!< The Stereo part of NVAPI failed to initialize completely. Check if the stereo driver is installed.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_ACCESS_FAILED         = -141,    //!< Access to stereo-related registry keys or values has failed.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_PROFILE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -142, //!< The given registry profile type is not supported.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_REGISTRY_VALUE_NOT_SUPPORTED   = -143,    //!< The given registry value is not supported.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_ENABLED                    = -144,    //!< Stereo is not enabled and the function needed it to execute completely.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_TURNED_ON                  = -145,    //!< Stereo is not turned on and the function needed it to execute completely.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE       = -146,    //!< Invalid device interface.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_PARAMETER_OUT_OF_RANGE         = -147,    //!< Separation percentage or JPEG image capture quality is out of [0-100] range.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_FRUSTUM_ADJUST_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED = -148, //!< The given frustum adjust mode is not supported.
+    NVAPI_TOPO_NOT_POSSIBLE                     = -149,    //!< The mosaic topology is not possible given the current state of the hardware.
+    NVAPI_MODE_CHANGE_FAILED                    = -150,    //!< An attempt to do a display resolution mode change has failed.        
+    NVAPI_D3D11_LIBRARY_NOT_FOUND               = -151,    //!< d3d11.dll/d3d11_beta.dll cannot be loaded.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_ADDRESS                       = -152,    //!< Address is outside of valid range.
+    NVAPI_STRING_TOO_SMALL                      = -153,    //!< The pre-allocated string is too small to hold the result.
+    NVAPI_MATCHING_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND             = -154,    //!< The input does not match any of the available devices.
+    NVAPI_DRIVER_RUNNING                        = -155,    //!< Driver is running.
+    NVAPI_DRIVER_NOTRUNNING                     = -156,    //!< Driver is not running.
+    NVAPI_ERROR_DRIVER_RELOAD_REQUIRED          = -157,    //!< A driver reload is required to apply these settings.
+    NVAPI_SET_NOT_ALLOWED                       = -158,    //!< Intended setting is not allowed.
+    NVAPI_ADVANCED_DISPLAY_TOPOLOGY_REQUIRED    = -159,    //!< Information can't be returned due to "advanced display topology".
+    NVAPI_SETTING_NOT_FOUND                     = -160,    //!< Setting is not found.
+    NVAPI_SETTING_SIZE_TOO_LARGE                = -161,    //!< Setting size is too large.
+    NVAPI_TOO_MANY_SETTINGS_IN_PROFILE          = -162,    //!< There are too many settings for a profile. 
+    NVAPI_PROFILE_NOT_FOUND                     = -163,    //!< Profile is not found.
+    NVAPI_PROFILE_NAME_IN_USE                   = -164,    //!< Profile name is duplicated.
+    NVAPI_PROFILE_NAME_EMPTY                    = -165,    //!< Profile name is empty.
+    NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND                  = -166,    //!< Application not found in the Profile.
+    NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_ALREADY_IN_USE             = -167,    //!< Application already exists in the other profile.
+    NVAPI_DATATYPE_MISMATCH                     = -168,    //!< Data Type mismatch 
+    NVAPI_PROFILE_REMOVED                       = -169,    //!< The profile passed as parameter has been removed and is no longer valid.
+    NVAPI_UNREGISTERED_RESOURCE                 = -170,    //!< An unregistered resource was passed as a parameter. 
+    NVAPI_ID_OUT_OF_RANGE                       = -171,    //!< The DisplayId corresponds to a display which is not within the normal outputId range.
+    NVAPI_DISPLAYCONFIG_VALIDATION_FAILED       = -172,    //!< Display topology is not valid so the driver cannot do a mode set on this configuration.
+    NVAPI_DPMST_CHANGED                         = -173,    //!< Display Port Multi-Stream topology has been changed.
+    NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER                   = -174,    //!< Input buffer is insufficient to hold the contents.    
+    NVAPI_ACCESS_DENIED                         = -175,    //!< No access to the caller.
+    NVAPI_MOSAIC_NOT_ACTIVE                     = -176,    //!< The requested action cannot be performed without Mosaic being enabled.
+    NVAPI_SHARE_RESOURCE_RELOCATED              = -177,    //!< The surface is relocated away from video memory.
+    NVAPI_REQUEST_USER_TO_DISABLE_DWM           = -178,    //!< The user should disable DWM before calling NvAPI.
+    NVAPI_D3D_DEVICE_LOST                       = -179,    //!< D3D device status is D3DERR_DEVICELOST or D3DERR_DEVICENOTRESET - the user has to reset the device.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_CONFIGURATION                 = -180,    //!< The requested action cannot be performed in the current state.
+    NVAPI_STEREO_HANDSHAKE_NOT_DONE             = -181,    //!< Call failed as stereo handshake not completed.
+    NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_PATH_IS_AMBIGUOUS          = -182,    //!< The path provided was too short to determine the correct NVDRS_APPLICATION
+    NVAPI_DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_IS_NOT_DEFINED = -183,    //!< Default stereo profile is not currently defined
+    NVAPI_DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST = -184,    //!< Default stereo profile does not exist
+    NVAPI_CLUSTER_ALREADY_EXISTS                = -185,    //!< A cluster is already defined with the given configuration.
+    NVAPI_DPMST_DISPLAY_ID_EXPECTED             = -186,    //!< The input display id is not that of a multi stream enabled connector or a display device in a multi stream topology 
+    NVAPI_INVALID_DISPLAY_ID                    = -187,    //!< The input display id is not valid or the monitor associated to it does not support the current operation
+    NVAPI_STREAM_IS_OUT_OF_SYNC                 = -188,    //!< While playing secure audio stream, stream goes out of sync
+    NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_AUDIO_DRIVER             = -189,    //!< Older audio driver version than required
+    NVAPI_VALUE_ALREADY_SET                     = -190,    //!< Value already set, setting again not allowed.
+    NVAPI_TIMEOUT                               = -191,    //!< Requested operation timed out 
+    NVAPI_GPU_WORKSTATION_FEATURE_INCOMPLETE    = -192,    //!< The requested workstation feature set has incomplete driver internal allocation resources
+    NVAPI_STEREO_INIT_ACTIVATION_NOT_DONE       = -193,    //!< Call failed because InitActivation was not called.
+    NVAPI_SYNC_NOT_ACTIVE                       = -194,    //!< The requested action cannot be performed without Sync being enabled.    
+    NVAPI_SYNC_MASTER_NOT_FOUND                 = -195,    //!< The requested action cannot be performed without Sync Master being enabled.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_SYNC_TOPOLOGY                 = -196,    //!< Invalid displays passed in the NV_GSYNC_DISPLAY pointer.
+    NVAPI_ECID_SIGN_ALGO_UNSUPPORTED            = -197,    //!< The specified signing algorithm is not supported. Either an incorrect value was entered or the current installed driver/hardware does not support the input value.
+    NVAPI_ECID_KEY_VERIFICATION_FAILED          = -198,    //!< The encrypted public key verification has failed.
+    NVAPI_FIRMWARE_OUT_OF_DATE                  = -199,    //!< The device's firmware is out of date.
+    NVAPI_FIRMWARE_REVISION_NOT_SUPPORTED       = -200,    //!< The device's firmware is not supported.
+    NVAPI_LICENSE_CALLER_AUTHENTICATION_FAILED  = -201,    //!< The caller is not authorized to modify the License.
+    NVAPI_D3D_DEVICE_NOT_REGISTERED             = -202,    //!< The user tried to use a deferred context without registering the device first  
+    NVAPI_RESOURCE_NOT_ACQUIRED                 = -203,    //!< Head or SourceId was not reserved for the VR Display before doing the Modeset or the dedicated display.
+    NVAPI_TIMING_NOT_SUPPORTED                  = -204,    //!< Provided timing is not supported.
+    NVAPI_HDCP_ENCRYPTION_FAILED                = -205,    //!< HDCP Encryption Failed for the device. Would be applicable when the device is HDCP Capable.
+    NVAPI_PCLK_LIMITATION_FAILED                = -206,    //!< Provided mode is over sink device pclk limitation.
+    NVAPI_NO_CONNECTOR_FOUND                    = -207,    //!< No connector on GPU found. 
+    NVAPI_HDCP_DISABLED                         = -208,    //!< When a non-HDCP capable HMD is connected, we would inform user by this code.
+    NVAPI_API_IN_USE                            = -209,    //!< Atleast an API is still being called
+    NVAPI_NVIDIA_DISPLAY_NOT_FOUND              = -210,    //!< No display found on Nvidia GPU(s).
+    NVAPI_PRIV_SEC_VIOLATION                    = -211,    //!< Priv security violation, improper access to a secured register.
+    NVAPI_INCORRECT_VENDOR                      = -212,    //!< NVAPI cannot be called by this vendor
+    NVAPI_DISPLAY_IN_USE                        = -213,    //!< DirectMode Display is already in use
+    NVAPI_UNSUPPORTED_CONFIG_NON_HDCP_HMD       = -214,    //!< The Config is having Non-NVidia GPU with Non-HDCP HMD connected
+    NVAPI_MAX_DISPLAY_LIMIT_REACHED             = -215,    //!< GPU's Max Display Limit has Reached
+    NVAPI_INVALID_DIRECT_MODE_DISPLAY           = -216,    //!< DirectMode not Enabled on the Display
+    NVAPI_GPU_IN_DEBUG_MODE                     = -217,    //!< GPU is in debug mode, OC is NOT allowed.
+    NVAPI_D3D_CONTEXT_NOT_FOUND                 = -218,    //!< No NvAPI context was found for this D3D object
+    NVAPI_STEREO_VERSION_MISMATCH               = -219,    //!< there is version mismatch between stereo driver and dx driver
+    NVAPI_GPU_NOT_POWERED                       = -220,    //!< GPU is not powered and so the request cannot be completed.
+    NVAPI_ERROR_DRIVER_RELOAD_IN_PROGRESS       = -221,    //!< The display driver update in progress.
+    NVAPI_WAIT_FOR_HW_RESOURCE                  = -222,    //!< Wait for HW resources allocation
+    NVAPI_REQUIRE_FURTHER_HDCP_ACTION           = -223,    //!< operation requires further HDCP action
+    NVAPI_DISPLAY_MUX_TRANSITION_FAILED         = -224,    //!< Dynamic Mux transition failure
+    NVAPI_INVALID_DSC_VERSION                   = -225,    //!< Invalid DSC version
+    NVAPI_INVALID_DSC_SLICECOUNT                = -226,    //!< Invalid DSC slice count
+    NVAPI_INVALID_DSC_OUTPUT_BPP                = -227,    //!< Invalid DSC output BPP
+    NVAPI_FAILED_TO_LOAD_FROM_DRIVER_STORE      = -228,    //!< There was an error while loading nvapi.dll from the driver store.
+    NVAPI_NO_VULKAN                             = -229,    //!< OpenGL does not export Vulkan fake extensions
+    NVAPI_REQUEST_PENDING                       = -230,    //!< A request for NvTOPPs telemetry CData has already been made and is pending a response.
+    NVAPI_RESOURCE_IN_USE                       = -231,    //!< Operation cannot be performed because the resource is in use.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_IMAGE                         = -232,    //!< Device kernel image is invalid
+    NVAPI_INVALID_PTX                           = -233,    //!< PTX JIT compilation failed
+    NVAPI_NVLINK_UNCORRECTABLE                  = -234,    //!< Uncorrectable NVLink error was detected during the execution
+    NVAPI_JIT_COMPILER_NOT_FOUND                = -235,    //!< PTX JIT compiler library was not found.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_SOURCE                        = -236,    //!< Device kernel source is invalid.
+    NVAPI_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION                   = -237,    //!< While executing a kernel, the device encountered an illegal instruction.
+    NVAPI_INVALID_PC                            = -238,    //!< While executing a kernel, the device program counter wrapped its address space
+    NVAPI_LAUNCH_FAILED                         = -239,    //!< An exception occurred on the device while executing a kernel
+    NVAPI_NOT_PERMITTED                         = -240,    //!< Attempted operation is not permitted.
+    NVAPI_CALLBACK_ALREADY_REGISTERED           = -241,    //!< The callback function has already been registered.
+    NVAPI_CALLBACK_NOT_FOUND                    = -242,    //!< The callback function is not found or not registered.
+} NvAPI_Status;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_SYS_GetDriverAndBranchVersion
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API returns display driver version and driver-branch string.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//! 
+//! \param [out]  pDriverVersion         Contains the driver version after successful return.
+//! \param [out]  szBuildBranchString    Contains the driver-branch string after successful return.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT: either pDriverVersion is NULL or enum index too big
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - completed request
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - miscellaneous error occurred
+//! 
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_SYS_GetDriverAndBranchVersion(NvU32* pDriverVersion, NvAPI_ShortString szBuildBranchString);
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfo().
+typedef struct 
+{
+    NvU32   version;                        //!< Version info
+    NvU32   dedicatedVideoMemory;           //!< Size(in kb) of the physical framebuffer.
+    NvU32   availableDedicatedVideoMemory;  //!< Size(in kb) of the available physical framebuffer for allocating video memory surfaces.
+    NvU32   systemVideoMemory;              //!< Size(in kb) of system memory the driver allocates at load time.
+    NvU32   sharedSystemMemory;             //!< Size(in kb) of shared system memory that driver is allowed to commit for surfaces across all allocations.
+
+} NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V1;
+
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfo().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;                           //!< Version info
+    NvU32   dedicatedVideoMemory;              //!< Size(in kb) of the physical framebuffer.
+    NvU32   availableDedicatedVideoMemory;     //!< Size(in kb) of the available physical framebuffer for allocating video memory surfaces.
+    NvU32   systemVideoMemory;                 //!< Size(in kb) of system memory the driver allocates at load time.
+    NvU32   sharedSystemMemory;                //!< Size(in kb) of shared system memory that driver is allowed to commit for surfaces across all allocations.
+    NvU32   curAvailableDedicatedVideoMemory;  //!< Size(in kb) of the current available physical framebuffer for allocating video memory surfaces.
+
+} NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V2;
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfo().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;                           //!< Version info
+    NvU32   dedicatedVideoMemory;              //!< Size(in kb) of the physical framebuffer.
+    NvU32   availableDedicatedVideoMemory;     //!< Size(in kb) of the available physical framebuffer for allocating video memory surfaces.
+    NvU32   systemVideoMemory;                 //!< Size(in kb) of system memory the driver allocates at load time.
+    NvU32   sharedSystemMemory;                //!< Size(in kb) of shared system memory that driver is allowed to commit for surfaces across all allocations.
+    NvU32   curAvailableDedicatedVideoMemory;  //!< Size(in kb) of the current available physical framebuffer for allocating video memory surfaces.
+    NvU32   dedicatedVideoMemoryEvictionsSize; //!< Size(in kb) of the total size of memory released as a result of the evictions.
+    NvU32   dedicatedVideoMemoryEvictionCount; //!< Indicates the number of eviction events that caused an allocation to be removed from dedicated video memory to free GPU
+                                               //!< video memory to make room for other allocations.
+} NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V3;
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+typedef NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V3 NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO;
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V1
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_VER_1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V1,1)
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V2
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_VER_2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V2,2)
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V3
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_VER_3  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_V3,3)
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+#define NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_VER    NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO_VER_3
+
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfo
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function retrieves the available driver memory footprint for the specified GPU. 
+//!                If the GPU is in TCC Mode, only dedicatedVideoMemory will be returned in pMemoryInfo (NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO).
+//!
+//! \deprecated  Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 520. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfoEx.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 177
+//!
+//!  \param [in]   hPhysicalGpu  Handle of the physical GPU for which the memory information is to be extracted.
+//!  \param [out]  pMemoryInfo   The memory footprint available in the driver. See NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO.
+//!
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             pMemoryInfo is NULL.
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_OK                           Call successful.
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND      No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION  NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO structure version mismatch.
+//!
+//!  \ingroup  driverapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+__nvapi_deprecated_function("Do not use this function - it is deprecated in release 520. Instead, use NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfoEx.")
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfo(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_DISPLAY_DRIVER_MEMORY_INFO *pMemoryInfo);
+
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Used in NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfoEx().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32   version;                           //!< Structure version
+    NvU64   dedicatedVideoMemory;              //!< Size(in bytes) of the physical framebuffer.
+    NvU64   availableDedicatedVideoMemory;     //!< Size(in bytes) of the available physical framebuffer for allocating video memory surfaces.
+    NvU64   systemVideoMemory;                 //!< Size(in bytes) of system memory the driver allocates at load time.
+    NvU64   sharedSystemMemory;                //!< Size(in bytes) of shared system memory that driver is allowed to commit for surfaces across all allocations.
+    NvU64   curAvailableDedicatedVideoMemory;  //!< Size(in bytes) of the current available physical framebuffer for allocating video memory surfaces.
+    NvU64   dedicatedVideoMemoryEvictionsSize; //!< Size(in bytes) of the total size of memory released as a result of the evictions.
+    NvU64   dedicatedVideoMemoryEvictionCount; //!< Indicates the number of eviction events that caused an allocation to be removed from dedicated video memory to free GPU
+                                               //!< video memory to make room for other allocations.
+    NvU64 dedicatedVideoMemoryPromotionsSize;  //!< Size(in bytes) of the total size of memory allocated as a result of the promotions.
+    NvU64 dedicatedVideoMemoryPromotionCount;  //!< Indicates the number of promotion events that caused an allocation to be promoted to dedicated video memory 
+} NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX_V1;
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+typedef NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX_V1 NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX;
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+//! Macro for constructing the version field of NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX_V1
+#define NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX_VER_1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX_V1,1)
+
+//! \ingroup driverapi
+#define NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX_VER    NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX_VER_1
+
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfoEx
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function retrieves the available driver memory footprint for the specified GPU. 
+//!                If the GPU is in TCC Mode, only dedicatedVideoMemory will be returned in pMemoryInfo (NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX).
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 10 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! TCC_SUPPORTED
+//!
+//! \since Release: 520
+//!
+//!  \param [in]   hPhysicalGpu  Handle of the physical GPU for which the memory information is to be extracted.
+//!  \param [out]  pMemoryInfo   The memory footprint available in the driver. See NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX.
+//!
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT             pMemoryInfo is NULL.
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_OK                           Call successful.
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND      No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found.
+//!  \retval       NVAPI_INCOMPATIBLE_STRUCT_VERSION  NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX structure version mismatch.
+//!
+//!  \ingroup  driverapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_GPU_GetMemoryInfoEx(NvPhysicalGpuHandle hPhysicalGpu, NV_GPU_MEMORY_INFO_EX *pMemoryInfo);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs
+//
+//! This function returns an array of physical GPU handles.
+//! Each handle represents a physical GPU present in the system.
+//! That GPU may be part of an SLI configuration, or may not be visible to the OS directly.
+//!
+//! At least one GPU must be present in the system and running an NVIDIA display driver.
+//!
+//! The array nvGPUHandle will be filled with physical GPU handle values. The returned
+//! gpuCount determines how many entries in the array are valid.
+//!
+//! \note In drivers older than 105.00, all physical GPU handles get invalidated on a
+//!       modeset. So the calling applications need to renum the handles after every modeset.\n
+//!       With drivers 105.00 and up, all physical GPU handles are constant.
+//!       Physical GPU handles are constant as long as the GPUs are not physically moved and
+//!       the SBIOS VGA order is unchanged.
+//!
+//!       For GPU handles in TCC MODE please use NvAPI_EnumTCCPhysicalGPUs()
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \par Introduced in
+//! \since Release: 80
+//!
+//! \retval NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         nvGPUHandle or pGpuCount is NULL
+//! \retval NVAPI_OK                       One or more handles were returned
+//! \retval NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND  No NVIDIA GPU driving a display was found
+//! \ingroup gpu
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_EnumPhysicalGPUs(NvPhysicalGpuHandle nvGPUHandle[NVAPI_MAX_PHYSICAL_GPUS], NvU32 *pGpuCount);
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+NV_DECLARE_HANDLE(NVDX_ObjectHandle);  // DX Objects
+static const NVDX_ObjectHandle NVDX_OBJECT_NONE = 0;
+
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_GetObjectHandleForResource
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This API gets a handle to a resource.
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDev       The ID3D11Device, ID3D10Device or IDirect3DDevice9 or ID3D11DeviceContext to use
+//! \param [in]  pResource  The ID3D11Resource, ID3D10Resource or IDirect3DResource9 from which
+//!                         we want the NvAPI handle
+//! \param [out]  pHandle   A handle to the resource
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \return ::NVAPI_OK if the handle was populated.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_GetObjectHandleForResource(
+    IUnknown *pDevice,
+    IUnknown *pResource,
+    NVDX_ObjectHandle *pHandle);
+
+
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__) || defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+#include"nvapi_lite_salend.h"
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#pragma pack(pop)
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_d3dext.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_d3dext.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3c816d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_d3dext.h
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+ /************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ® 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+#pragma once
+#include"nvapi_lite_salstart.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_common.h"
+#pragma pack(push,8)
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL supported - used in NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDevice() and NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDeviceAndSwapChain()
+typedef enum
+{
+    NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL_NULL       = -1,
+    NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0       = 0,
+    NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_0_PLUS  = 1,
+    NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL_10_1       = 2,
+    NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL_11_0       = 3,
+} NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL;
+
+#endif  //defined(__cplusplus) && (defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d10_1_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__))
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDevice
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function tries to create a DirectX 11 device. If the call fails (if we are running
+//!                on pre-DirectX 11 hardware), depending on the type of hardware it will try to create a DirectX 10.1 OR DirectX 10.0+
+//!                OR DirectX 10.0 device. The function call is the same as D3D11CreateDevice(), but with an extra 
+//!                argument (D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL supported by the device) that the function fills in. This argument
+//!                can contain -1 (NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL_NULL), if the requested featureLevel is less than DirecX 10.0.
+//!
+//!            NOTE: When NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDevice is called with 10+ feature level we have an issue on few set of
+//!                  tesla hardware (G80/G84/G86/G92/G94/G96) which does not support all feature level 10+ functionality
+//!                  e.g. calling driver with mismatch between RenderTarget and Depth Buffer. App developers should
+//!                  take into consideration such limitation when using NVAPI on such tesla hardwares.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]   pAdapter
+//! \param [in]   DriverType
+//! \param [in]   Software
+//! \param [in]   Flags
+//! \param [in]   *pFeatureLevels
+//! \param [in]   FeatureLevels
+//! \param [in]   SDKVersion
+//! \param [in]   **ppDevice
+//! \param [in]   *pFeatureLevel
+//! \param [in]   **ppImmediateContext
+//! \param [in]   *pSupportedLevel  D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL supported
+//!
+//! \return NVAPI_OK if the createDevice call succeeded.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDevice(IDXGIAdapter* pAdapter,
+                                         D3D_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType,
+                                         HMODULE Software,
+                                         UINT Flags,
+                                         CONST D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevels,
+                                         UINT FeatureLevels,
+                                         UINT SDKVersion,
+                                         ID3D11Device **ppDevice,
+                                         D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevel,
+                                         ID3D11DeviceContext **ppImmediateContext,
+                                         NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL *pSupportedLevel);
+
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDeviceAndSwapChain
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function tries to create a DirectX 11 device and swap chain. If the call fails (if we are 
+//!                running on pre=DirectX 11 hardware), depending on the type of hardware it will try to create a DirectX 10.1 OR 
+//!                DirectX 10.0+ OR DirectX 10.0 device. The function call is the same as D3D11CreateDeviceAndSwapChain,  
+//!                but with an extra argument (D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL supported by the device) that the function fills
+//!                in. This argument can contain -1 (NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL_NULL), if the requested featureLevel
+//!                is less than DirectX 10.0.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pAdapter
+//! \param [in]     DriverType
+//! \param [in]     Software
+//! \param [in]     Flags
+//! \param [in]     *pFeatureLevels
+//! \param [in]     FeatureLevels
+//! \param [in]     SDKVersion
+//! \param [in]     *pSwapChainDesc
+//! \param [in]     **ppSwapChain
+//! \param [in]     **ppDevice
+//! \param [in]     *pFeatureLevel
+//! \param [in]     **ppImmediateContext
+//! \param [in]     *pSupportedLevel  D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL supported
+//!
+//!return  NVAPI_OK if the createDevice with swap chain call succeeded.
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_CreateDeviceAndSwapChain(IDXGIAdapter* pAdapter,
+                                         D3D_DRIVER_TYPE DriverType,
+                                         HMODULE Software,
+                                         UINT Flags,
+                                         CONST D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevels,
+                                         UINT FeatureLevels,
+                                         UINT SDKVersion,
+                                         CONST DXGI_SWAP_CHAIN_DESC *pSwapChainDesc,
+                                         IDXGISwapChain **ppSwapChain,
+                                         ID3D11Device **ppDevice,
+                                         D3D_FEATURE_LEVEL *pFeatureLevel,
+                                         ID3D11DeviceContext **ppImmediateContext,
+                                         NVAPI_DEVICE_FEATURE_LEVEL *pSupportedLevel);
+
+
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D11_SetDepthBoundsTest
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function enables/disables the depth bounds test
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]        pDeviceOrContext   The device or device context to set depth bounds test
+//! \param [in]        bEnable            Enable(non-zero)/disable(zero) the depth bounds test
+//! \param [in]        fMinDepth          The minimum depth for depth bounds test
+//! \param [in]        fMaxDepth          The maximum depth for depth bounds test
+//!                                       The valid values for fMinDepth and fMaxDepth
+//!                                       are such that 0 <= fMinDepth <= fMaxDepth <= 1
+//!
+//! \return  ::NVAPI_OK if the depth bounds test was correcly enabled or disabled
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D11_SetDepthBoundsTest(IUnknown* pDeviceOrContext,
+                                               NvU32 bEnable,
+                                               float fMinDepth,
+                                               float fMaxDepth);
+
+#endif //defined(__cplusplus) && defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#include"nvapi_lite_salend.h"
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#pragma pack(pop)
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_salend.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_salend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..edd1c85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_salend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,816 @@
+ /************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ® 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+#ifndef __NVAPI_EMPTY_SAL
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__ecount
+    #undef __ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__bcount
+    #undef __bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in
+    #undef __in
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount
+    #undef __in_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount
+    #undef __in_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_z
+    #undef __in_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_z
+    #undef __in_ecount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_z
+    #undef __in_bcount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_nz
+    #undef __in_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_nz
+    #undef __in_ecount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_nz
+    #undef __in_bcount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out
+    #undef __out
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount
+    #undef __out_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount
+    #undef __out_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part
+    #undef __out_ecount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part
+    #undef __out_bcount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full
+    #undef __out_ecount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full
+    #undef __out_bcount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_z
+    #undef __out_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_z_opt
+    #undef __out_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_z
+    #undef __out_ecount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_z
+    #undef __out_bcount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_z
+    #undef __out_ecount_part_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_z
+    #undef __out_bcount_part_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_z
+    #undef __out_ecount_full_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_z
+    #undef __out_bcount_full_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_nz
+    #undef __out_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_nz_opt
+    #undef __out_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_nz
+    #undef __out_ecount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_nz
+    #undef __out_bcount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout
+    #undef __inout
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount
+    #undef __inout_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount
+    #undef __inout_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_part
+    #undef __inout_ecount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_part
+    #undef __inout_bcount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_full
+    #undef __inout_ecount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_full
+    #undef __inout_bcount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_z
+    #undef __inout_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z
+    #undef __inout_ecount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_z
+    #undef __inout_bcount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_nz
+    #undef __inout_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_nz
+    #undef __inout_ecount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_nz
+    #undef __inout_bcount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__ecount_opt
+    #undef __ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__bcount_opt
+    #undef __bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_opt
+    #undef __in_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_opt
+    #undef __in_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_opt
+    #undef __in_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_z_opt
+    #undef __in_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __in_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __in_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_nz_opt
+    #undef __in_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __in_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __in_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_opt
+    #undef __out_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_opt
+    #undef __out_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_opt
+    #undef __out_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __out_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __out_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __out_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __out_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __out_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __out_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_z_opt
+    #undef __out_ecount_part_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_z_opt
+    #undef __out_bcount_part_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_z_opt
+    #undef __out_ecount_full_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_z_opt
+    #undef __out_bcount_full_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_opt
+    #undef __inout_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_opt
+    #undef __inout_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_opt
+    #undef __inout_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_z_opt
+    #undef __inout_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_nz_opt
+    #undef __inout_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_ecount
+    #undef __deref_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_bcount
+    #undef __deref_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out
+    #undef __deref_out
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_part
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_part
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_full
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_full
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_z
+    #undef __deref_out_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_z
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_z
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_nz
+    #undef __deref_out_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_nz
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_nz
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout
+    #undef __deref_inout
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z
+    #undef __deref_inout_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_part
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_part
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_full
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_full
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z
+    #undef __deref_inout_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_z
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_z
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_nz
+    #undef __deref_inout_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_nz
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_nz
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_ecount_opt
+    #undef __deref_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_bcount_opt
+    #undef __deref_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_ecount
+    #undef __deref_opt_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_bcount
+    #undef __deref_opt_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out
+    #undef __deref_opt_out
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_z
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_part
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_part
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_full
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_full
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_part
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_part
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_part
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_part
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_full
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_full
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_full
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_full
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_z
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_z
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_z
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_z
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_z
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_nz
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_ecount_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_bcount_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_part_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_full_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #undef __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_success
+    #undef __success
+    #undef __nvapi_success
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi__Ret_notnull_
+    #undef __nvapi__Ret_notnull_
+    #undef _Ret_notnull_
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi__Post_writable_byte_size_
+    #undef __nvapi__Post_writable_byte_size_
+    #undef _Post_writable_byte_size_
+#endif
+#ifdef __nvapi_Outptr_ 
+    #undef __nvapi_Outptr_ 
+    #undef _Outptr_ 
+#endif
+
+#endif // __NVAPI_EMPTY_SAL
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_salstart.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_salstart.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1e4cea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_salstart.h
@@ -0,0 +1,821 @@
+ /************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ® 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+
+// ====================================================
+// SAL related support
+// ====================================================
+
+#ifndef __ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__ecount
+    #define __ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__bcount
+    #define __bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in
+    #define __in
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_ecount
+    #define __in_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_bcount
+    #define __in_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_z
+    #define __in_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_ecount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_z
+    #define __in_ecount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_bcount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_z
+    #define __in_bcount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_nz
+    #define __in_nz
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_ecount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_nz
+    #define __in_ecount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_bcount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_nz
+    #define __in_bcount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out
+    #define __out
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount
+    #define __out_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount
+    #define __out_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part
+    #define __out_ecount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part
+    #define __out_bcount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full
+    #define __out_ecount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full
+    #define __out_bcount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_z
+    #define __out_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_z_opt
+    #define __out_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_z
+    #define __out_ecount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_z
+    #define __out_bcount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_part_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_z
+    #define __out_ecount_part_z(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_part_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_z
+    #define __out_bcount_part_z(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_full_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_z
+    #define __out_ecount_full_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_full_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_z
+    #define __out_bcount_full_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_nz
+    #define __out_nz
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_nz_opt
+    #define __out_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_nz
+    #define __out_ecount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_nz
+    #define __out_bcount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout
+    #define __inout
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount
+    #define __inout_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount
+    #define __inout_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_part
+    #define __inout_ecount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_part
+    #define __inout_bcount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_full
+    #define __inout_ecount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_full
+    #define __inout_bcount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_z
+    #define __inout_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z
+    #define __inout_ecount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_z
+    #define __inout_bcount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_nz
+    #define __inout_nz
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_nz
+    #define __inout_ecount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_nz
+    #define __inout_bcount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__ecount_opt
+    #define __ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__bcount_opt
+    #define __bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_opt
+    #define __in_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_opt
+    #define __in_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_opt
+    #define __in_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_z_opt
+    #define __in_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __in_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __in_bcount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_nz_opt
+    #define __in_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __in_ecount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __in_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__in_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __in_bcount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_opt
+    #define __out_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_opt
+    #define __out_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_opt
+    #define __out_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __out_ecount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __out_bcount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __out_ecount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __out_bcount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __out_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __out_bcount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_part_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_part_z_opt
+    #define __out_ecount_part_z_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_part_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_part_z_opt
+    #define __out_bcount_part_z_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_full_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_full_z_opt
+    #define __out_ecount_full_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_full_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_full_z_opt
+    #define __out_bcount_full_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __out_ecount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __out_bcount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_opt
+    #define __inout_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_opt
+    #define __inout_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_opt
+    #define __inout_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __inout_ecount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __inout_bcount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __inout_ecount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __inout_bcount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_z_opt
+    #define __inout_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __inout_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __inout_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __inout_bcount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_nz_opt
+    #define __inout_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __inout_ecount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __inout_bcount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_ecount
+    #define __deref_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_bcount
+    #define __deref_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out
+    #define __deref_out
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount
+    #define __deref_out_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount
+    #define __deref_out_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_part
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_part
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_full
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_full
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_z
+    #define __deref_out_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_z
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_z
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_nz
+    #define __deref_out_nz
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_nz
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_nz
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout
+    #define __deref_inout
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z
+    #define __deref_inout_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_part
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_part
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_full
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_full
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z
+    #define __deref_inout_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_z
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_z
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_nz
+    #define __deref_inout_nz
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_nz
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_nz
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_ecount_opt
+    #define __deref_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_bcount_opt
+    #define __deref_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_opt
+    #define __deref_out_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_opt
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_opt
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_z_opt
+    #define __deref_out_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_out_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_out_ecount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_out_bcount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_z_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_ecount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_inout_bcount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_ecount
+    #define __deref_opt_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_bcount
+    #define __deref_opt_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out
+    #define __deref_opt_out
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_z
+    #define __deref_opt_out_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_part
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_part
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_full
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_full
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout
+    #define __deref_opt_inout
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_part
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_part
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_part
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_part(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_full
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_full
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_full
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_full(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_z
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_z
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_z
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_z
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_z
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_z(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_nz
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_nz
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_ecount_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_bcount_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_z_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_ecount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_out_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_out_bcount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_part_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_part_opt(size,length)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_full_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_full_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_z_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_z_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_z_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_z_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_nz_opt
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_ecount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __nvapi_undef__deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz_opt
+    #define __deref_opt_inout_bcount_nz_opt(size)
+#endif
+#ifndef __success
+    #define __nvapi_success
+    #define __success(epxr)
+#endif
+#ifndef _Ret_notnull_
+    #define __nvapi__Ret_notnull_
+    #define _Ret_notnull_
+#endif
+#ifndef _Post_writable_byte_size_
+    #define __nvapi__Post_writable_byte_size_
+    #define _Post_writable_byte_size_(n)
+#endif
+#ifndef _Outptr_ 
+    #define __nvapi_Outptr_ 
+    #define _Outptr_ 
+#endif
+
+
+#define NVAPI_INTERFACE extern __success(return == NVAPI_OK) NvAPI_Status __cdecl
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_sli.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_sli.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f62259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_sli.h
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+ /************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ® 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+
+#pragma once
+#include"nvapi_lite_salstart.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_common.h"
+#pragma pack(push,8)
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// DirectX APIs
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! Used in NvAPI_D3D10_GetCurrentSLIState(), and NvAPI_D3D_GetCurrentSLIState().
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;                    //!< Structure version
+    NvU32 maxNumAFRGroups;            //!< [OUT] The maximum possible value of numAFRGroups
+    NvU32 numAFRGroups;               //!< [OUT] The number of AFR groups enabled in the system
+    NvU32 currentAFRIndex;            //!< [OUT] The AFR group index for the frame currently being rendered
+    NvU32 nextFrameAFRIndex;          //!< [OUT] What the AFR group index will be for the next frame (i.e. after calling Present)
+    NvU32 previousFrameAFRIndex;      //!< [OUT] The AFR group index that was used for the previous frame (~0 if more than one frame has not been rendered yet)
+    NvU32 bIsCurAFRGroupNew;          //!< [OUT] Boolean: Is this frame the first time running on the current AFR group
+
+} NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_V1;
+
+typedef struct
+{
+    NvU32 version;                    //!< Structure version
+    NvU32 maxNumAFRGroups;            //!< [OUT] The maximum possible value of numAFRGroups
+    NvU32 numAFRGroups;               //!< [OUT] The number of AFR groups enabled in the system
+    NvU32 currentAFRIndex;            //!< [OUT] The AFR group index for the frame currently being rendered
+    NvU32 nextFrameAFRIndex;          //!< [OUT] What the AFR group index will be for the next frame (i.e. after calling Present)
+    NvU32 previousFrameAFRIndex;      //!< [OUT] The AFR group index that was used for the previous frame (~0 if more than one frame has not been rendered yet)
+    NvU32 bIsCurAFRGroupNew;          //!< [OUT] Boolean: Is this frame the first time running on the current AFR group
+    NvU32 numVRSLIGpus;               //!< [OUT] The number of GPUs used in VR-SLI. If it is 0 VR-SLI is not active
+
+} NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_V2;
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+#define NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_VER1  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_V1,1)
+#define NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_VER2  MAKE_NVAPI_VERSION(NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_V2,1)
+#define NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_VER NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_VER2
+#define NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE     NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE_V2
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_D3D_GetCurrentSLIState
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This function returns the current SLI state for the specified device.  The structure
+//!                  contains the number of AFR groups, the current AFR group index,
+//!                  and what the AFR group index will be for the next frame. \p
+//!                  pDevice can be either a IDirect3DDevice9 or ID3D10Device pointer.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 173
+//!
+//! \retval         NVAPI_OK     Completed request
+//! \retval         NVAPI_ERROR  Error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup  dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_GetCurrentSLIState(IUnknown *pDevice, NV_GET_CURRENT_SLI_STATE *pSliState);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_SetResourceHint
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D_SetResourceHint(IUnknown *pDev, NVDX_ObjectHandle obj,
+//!                                          NVAPI_D3D_SETRESOURCEHINT_CATEGORY dwHintCategory, 
+//!                                          NvU32 dwHintName, 
+//!                                          NvU32 *pdwHintValue)
+//!
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This is a general purpose function for passing down various resource
+//!                related hints to the driver. Hints are divided into categories
+//!                and types within each category. For DX11 devices this function is free-threaded.
+//!                An application is responsible to complete this call before making use of the resource 
+//!                in a rendering context (therefore applying inter-thread synchronization as appropriate).
+//!                As a debug help to an application the driver enforces that a resource in this call was never bound.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]      pDev            The ID3D10Device or IDirect3DDevice9 that is a using the resource
+//! \param [in]      obj             Previously obtained HV resource handle
+//! \param [in]      dwHintCategory  Category of the hints
+//! \param [in]      dwHintName      A hint within this category
+//! \param [in/out]  *pdwHintValue   Pointer to location containing hint value, function returns previous hint value in this slot
+//!
+//! \return an int which could be an NvAPI status or DX HRESULT code
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK               
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_CALL     It is illegal to change a hint dynamically when the resource is already bound.
+//
+////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! Valid categories for NvAPI_D3D_SetResourceHint()
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D_SETRESOURCEHINT_CATEGORY
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D_SRH_CATEGORY_SLI = 1
+} NVAPI_D3D_SETRESOURCEHINT_CATEGORY;
+
+
+//
+//  NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_APP_CONTROLLED_INTERFRAME_CONTENT_SYNC:
+//  NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_ASK_FOR_BROADCAST_USING:
+//  NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_RESPECT_DRIVER_INTERFRAME_CONTENT_SYNC:
+
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//!  Types of SLI hints; \n
+//!  NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_APP_CONTROLLED_INTERFRAME_CONTENT_SYNC: Valid values : 0 or 1 \n
+//!  Default value: 0 \n
+//!  Explanation: If the value is 1, the driver will not track any rendering operations that would mark this resource as dirty, 
+//!  avoiding any form of synchronization across frames rendered in parallel in multiple GPUs in AFR mode.
+//! 
+//!  NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_ASK_FOR_BROADCAST_USAGE: Valid values : 0 or 1 \n
+//!  Default value: 0 \n
+//!  Explanation: If the value is 1, the driver will try to perform operations which involved target resource in broadcast, 
+//!  where it's possible. Hint is static and must be set before resource starts using.
+//!  
+//!  NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_RESPECT_DRIVER_INTERFRAME_CONTENT_SYNC: Valid values : 0 or 1 \n
+//!  Default value: 0 \n
+//!  Explanation: If the value is 1, the driver will do dirty resource resolve regardless of discard flags in the application profile or 
+//!  AFR-FriendlyD3DHints.exe name using.
+//!
+typedef enum _NVAPI_D3D_SETRESOURCEHINT_SLI
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_APP_CONTROLLED_INTERFRAME_CONTENT_SYNC = 1,
+    NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_ASK_FOR_BROADCAST_USAGE = 2,
+    NVAPI_D3D_SRH_SLI_RESPECT_DRIVER_INTERFRAME_CONTENT_SYNC = 3
+}  NVAPI_D3D_SETRESOURCEHINT_SLI;
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_SetResourceHint(IUnknown *pDev, NVDX_ObjectHandle obj,
+                                          NVAPI_D3D_SETRESOURCEHINT_CATEGORY dwHintCategory, 
+                                          NvU32 dwHintName, 
+                                          NvU32 *pdwHintValue);
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_BeginResourceRendering
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_D3D_BeginResourceRendering(IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext, NVDX_ObjectHandle obj, NvU32 Flags)
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function tells the driver that the resource will begin to receive updates. It must be used in combination with NvAPI_D3D_EndResourceRendering(). 
+//!                The primary use of this function is allow the driver to initiate early inter-frame synchronization of resources while running in AFR SLI mode. 
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDev         IDirect3DDevice9, ID3D10Device, ID3D11Device or ID3D11DeviceContext that is using the resource
+//! \param [in]  obj          Previously obtained HV resource handle
+//! \param [in]  Flags        The flags for functionality applied to resource while being used.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                Function succeeded, if used properly and driver can initiate proper sync'ing of the resources.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Bad argument(s) or invalid flag values
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_CALL      Mismatched begin/end calls
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+//! Used in NvAPI_D3D_BeginResourceRendering().
+typedef enum  _NVAPI_D3D_RESOURCERENDERING_FLAG
+{
+    NVAPI_D3D_RR_FLAG_DEFAULTS                 = 0x00000000,  //!< All bits set to 0 are defaults.
+    NVAPI_D3D_RR_FLAG_FORCE_DISCARD_CONTENT    = 0x00000001,  //!< (bit 0) The flag forces to discard previous content of the resource regardless of the NvApiHints_Sli_Disable_InterframeSync hint
+    NVAPI_D3D_RR_FLAG_FORCE_KEEP_CONTENT       = 0x00000002,   //!< (bit 1) The flag forces to respect previous content of the resource regardless of the NvApiHints_Sli_Disable_InterframeSync hint
+    NVAPI_D3D_RR_FLAG_MULTI_FRAME              = 0x00000004   //!< (bit 2) The flag hints the driver that content will be used for many frames. If not specified then the driver assumes that content is used only on the next frame
+} NVAPI_D3D_RESOURCERENDERING_FLAG;
+
+//! \ingroup dx
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_BeginResourceRendering(IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext, NVDX_ObjectHandle obj, NvU32 Flags);
+
+#endif //defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_D3D_EndResourceRendering
+//
+//!   DESCRIPTION: This function tells the driver that the resource is done receiving updates. It must be used in combination with
+//!                NvAPI_D3D_BeginResourceRendering(). 
+//!                The primary use of this function is allow the driver to initiate early inter-frame syncs of resources while running in AFR SLI mode. 
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 185
+//!
+//! \param [in]  pDev         IDirect3DDevice9, ID3D10Device, ID3D11Device or ID3D11DeviceContext that is using the resource
+//! \param [in]  obj          Previously obtained HV resource handle
+//! \param [in]  Flags        Reserved, must be zero
+//
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                Function succeeded, if used properly and driver can initiate proper sync'ing of the resources.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT  Bad argument(s) or invalid flag values
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_CALL      Mismatched begin/end calls
+//!
+//! \ingroup dx
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_D3D_EndResourceRendering(IUnknown *pDeviceOrContext, NVDX_ObjectHandle obj, NvU32 Flags);
+#endif //if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)
+
+#include"nvapi_lite_salend.h"
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#pragma pack(pop)
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_stereo.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_stereo.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be0f943
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_stereo.h
@@ -0,0 +1,600 @@
+ /************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ® 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+
+#pragma once
+#include"nvapi_lite_salstart.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_common.h"
+#pragma pack(push,8)
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_Enable
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This APU enables stereo mode in the registry.
+//!                Calls to this function affect the entire system.
+//!                If stereo is not enabled, then calls to functions that require that stereo is enabled have no effect,
+//!                and will return the appropriate error code.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                      Stereo is now enabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED  Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_Enable(void);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_Disable
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API disables stereo mode in the registry.
+//!                Calls to this function affect the entire system.
+//!                If stereo is not enabled, then calls to functions that require that stereo is enabled have no effect,
+//!                and will return the appropriate error code.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                     Stereo is now disabled.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_Disable(void);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_IsEnabled
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API checks if stereo mode is enabled in the registry.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [out]     pIsStereoEnabled   Address where the result of the inquiry will be placed.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                       Check was sucessfully completed and result reflects current state of stereo availability.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED   Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_IsEnabled(NvU8 *pIsStereoEnabled);
+#if defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__) || defined(__d3d11_h__)|| defined(__d3d12_h__)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFromIUnknown
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API creates a stereo handle that is used in subsequent calls related to a given device interface.
+//!                This must be called before any other NvAPI_Stereo_ function for that handle.
+//!                Multiple devices can be used at one time using multiple calls to this function (one per each device). 
+//!
+//! HOW TO USE:    After the Direct3D device is created, create the stereo handle.
+//!                On call success:
+//!                -# Use all other NvAPI_Stereo_ functions that have stereo handle as first parameter.
+//!                -# After the device interface that corresponds to the the stereo handle is destroyed,
+//!                the application should call NvAPI_DestroyStereoHandle() for that stereo handle. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     pDevice        Pointer to IUnknown interface that is IDirect3DDevice9* in DX9, ID3D10Device*.
+//! \param [out]    pStereoHandle  Pointer to the newly created stereo handle.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                       Stereo handle is created for given device interface.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT         Provided device interface is invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED   Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFromIUnknown(IUnknown *pDevice, StereoHandle *pStereoHandle);
+
+#endif // defined(_D3D9_H_) || defined(__d3d10_h__)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_DestroyHandle
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API destroys the stereo handle created with one of the NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() functions.
+//!                This should be called after the device corresponding to the handle has been destroyed.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle  Stereo handle that is to be destroyed.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                      Stereo handle is destroyed.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED      
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED  Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                   
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_DestroyHandle(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_Activate
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API activates stereo for the device interface corresponding to the given stereo handle.
+//!                Activating stereo is possible only if stereo was enabled previously in the registry.
+//!                If stereo is not activated, then calls to functions that require that stereo is activated have no effect,
+//!                and will return the appropriate error code. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]    stereoHandle  Stereo handle corresponding to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                Stereo is turned on.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE   Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED            Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_Activate(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_Deactivate
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API deactivates stereo for the given device interface.
+//!                If stereo is not activated, then calls to functions that require that stereo is activated have no effect,
+//!                and will return the appropriate error code. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                               Stereo is turned off.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE  Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED           Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_Deactivate(StereoHandle stereoHandle);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_IsActivated
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API checks if stereo is activated for the given device interface. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]    stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]    pIsStereoOn   Address where result of the inquiry will be placed.
+//! 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - Check was sucessfully completed and result reflects current state of stereo (on/off).
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE - Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED - Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - Something is wrong (generic error).
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_IsActivated(StereoHandle stereoHandle, NvU8 *pIsStereoOn);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_GetSeparation
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API gets current separation value (in percents). 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle           Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [out]    pSeparationPercentage  Address of @c float type variable to store current separation percentage in.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                Retrieval of separation percentage was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE   Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED            Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_GetSeparation(StereoHandle stereoHandle, float *pSeparationPercentage);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetSeparation
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API sets separation to given percentage. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle             Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]     newSeparationPercentage  New value for separation percentage.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                               Setting of separation percentage was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE  Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED               NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED           Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_PARAMETER_OUT_OF_RANGE    Given separation percentage is out of [0..100] range.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetSeparation(StereoHandle stereoHandle, float newSeparationPercentage);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_GetConvergence
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API gets the current convergence value.
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle   Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [out]    pConvergence   Address of @c float type variable to store current convergence value in.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                               Retrieval of convergence value was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE  Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED           Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_GetConvergence(StereoHandle stereoHandle, float *pConvergence);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetConvergence
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API sets convergence to the given value.
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE:   After the stereo handle for the device interface is created via successfull call to the appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom() function.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \since Release: 180
+//!
+//! \param [in]     stereoHandle              Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]     newConvergence            New value for convergence.
+//! 
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                                Setting of convergence value was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE   Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED  
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED            Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR 
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetConvergence(StereoHandle stereoHandle, float newConvergence);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetActiveEye
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Stereo_SetActiveEye(StereoHandle hStereoHandle, NV_STEREO_ACTIVE_EYE StereoEye);
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API sets the back buffer to left or right in Direct stereo mode.
+//!                  
+//! HOW TO USE:    After the stereo handle for device interface is created via successfull call to appropriate 
+//!                NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom function.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 285
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]   StereoEye     Defines active eye in Direct stereo mode
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK - Active eye is set.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE - Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED - NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED - Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT - StereoEye parameter has not allowed value.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_SET_NOT_ALLOWED  - Current stereo mode is not Direct
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR - Something is wrong (generic error).
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+typedef enum _NV_StereoActiveEye
+{
+    NVAPI_STEREO_EYE_RIGHT = 1,
+    NVAPI_STEREO_EYE_LEFT = 2,
+    NVAPI_STEREO_EYE_MONO = 3,
+} NV_STEREO_ACTIVE_EYE;
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetActiveEye(StereoHandle hStereoHandle, NV_STEREO_ACTIVE_EYE StereoEye);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetDriverMode
+//
+//! \fn NvAPI_Stereo_SetDriverMode( NV_STEREO_DRIVER_MODE mode );
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API sets the 3D stereo driver mode: Direct or Automatic
+//!                  
+//! HOW TO USE:    This API must be called before the device is created.
+//!                Applies to DirectX 9 and higher.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 285
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!      
+//! \param [in]    mode       Defines the 3D stereo driver mode: Direct or Automatic
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                      Active eye is set.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED      NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED  Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT        mode parameter has not allowed value.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                   Something is wrong (generic error).
+//
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+typedef enum _NV_StereoDriverMode
+{
+    NVAPI_STEREO_DRIVER_MODE_AUTOMATIC = 0,
+    NVAPI_STEREO_DRIVER_MODE_DIRECT    = 2,
+} NV_STEREO_DRIVER_MODE;
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetDriverMode( NV_STEREO_DRIVER_MODE mode );
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_GetEyeSeparation
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API returns eye separation as a ratio of <between eye distance>/<physical screen width>.
+//! 
+//! HOW TO USE:    After the stereo handle for device interface is created via successfull call to appropriate API. Applies only to DirectX 9 and up.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [in]   stereoHandle  Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [out]  pSeparation   Eye separation.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                               Active eye is set.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_INVALID_DEVICE_INTERFACE  Device interface is not valid. Create again, then attach again.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED               NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED           Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR  (generic error).
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_GetEyeSeparation(StereoHandle hStereoHandle,  float *pSeparation );
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_IsWindowedModeSupported
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:   This API returns availability of windowed mode stereo
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! \param [out] bSupported(OUT)    != 0  - supported,  \n
+//!                                 == 0  - is not supported 
+//!
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                      Retrieval of frustum adjust mode was successfull.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED      NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_STEREO_NOT_INITIALIZED  Stereo part of NVAPI not initialized.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                   Something is wrong (generic error).
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_IsWindowedModeSupported(NvU8* bSupported);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetSurfaceCreationMode
+//
+//! \function NvAPI_Stereo_SetSurfaceCreationMode(StereoHandle hStereoHandle, NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE creationMode)
+//! \param [in]   hStereoHandle   Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [in]   creationMode    New surface creation mode for this device interface.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 285
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API sets surface creation mode for this device interface.
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE: After the stereo handle for device interface is created via successful call to appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom function.
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!              There are no return error codes with specific meaning for this API.
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+typedef enum _NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE 
+{
+    NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE_AUTO,        //!< Use driver registry profile settings for surface creation mode. 
+    NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE_FORCESTEREO, //!< Always create stereo surfaces. 
+    NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE_FORCEMONO    //!< Always create mono surfaces. 
+} NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE; 
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetSurfaceCreationMode(__in StereoHandle hStereoHandle, __in NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE creationMode);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_GetSurfaceCreationMode
+//
+//! \function NvAPI_Stereo_GetSurfaceCreationMode(StereoHandle hStereoHandle, NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE* pCreationMode)
+//! \param [in]   hStereoHandle   Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [out]   pCreationMode   The current creation mode for this device interface.
+//!
+//! \since Release: 295
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API gets surface creation mode for this device interface.
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE: After the stereo handle for device interface is created via successful call to appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom function.
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!              There are no return error codes with specific meaning for this API.
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_GetSurfaceCreationMode(__in StereoHandle hStereoHandle, __in NVAPI_STEREO_SURFACECREATEMODE* pCreationMode);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_Debug_WasLastDrawStereoized
+//
+//! \param [in]  hStereoHandle    Stereo handle that corresponds to the device interface.
+//! \param [out] pWasStereoized   Address where result of the inquiry will be placed.
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API checks if the last draw call was stereoized. It is a very expensive to call and should be used for debugging purpose *only*.
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE: After the stereo handle for device interface is created via successful call to appropriate NvAPI_Stereo_CreateHandleFrom function.
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!              There are no return error codes with specific meaning for this API.
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_Debug_WasLastDrawStereoized(__in StereoHandle hStereoHandle, __out NvU8 *pWasStereoized);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_SetDefaultProfile
+//
+//!
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API defines the stereo profile used by the driver in case the application has no associated profile.
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE: To take effect, this API must be called before D3D device is created. Calling once a device has been created will not affect the current device.
+//!
+//! \param [in]  szProfileName        Default profile name. 
+//!                                 
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!              Error codes specific to this API are described below.
+//!              
+//! \retval      NVAPI_SUCCESS                               - Default stereo profile name has been copied into szProfileName.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT                      - szProfileName == NULL.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST - Default stereo profile does not exist
+//!
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_SetDefaultProfile(__in const char* szProfileName);
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME: NvAPI_Stereo_GetDefaultProfile
+//
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!
+//! DESCRIPTION: This API retrieves the current default stereo profile.
+//!              
+//!              After call cbSizeOut contain 0 if default profile is not set required buffer size cbSizeOut.
+//!              To get needed buffer size this function can be called with szProfileName==0 and cbSizeIn == 0. 
+//!
+//! WHEN TO USE: This API can be called at any time.
+//!              
+//!
+//! \param [in]   cbSizeIn             Size of buffer allocated for default stereo profile name.                  
+//! \param [out]  szProfileName        Default stereo profile name. 
+//! \param [out]  pcbSizeOut           Required buffer size.
+//!                     # ==0 - there is no default stereo profile name currently set
+//!                     # !=0 - size of buffer required for currently set default stereo profile name including trailing '0'.
+//!
+//!
+//! \return      This API can return any of the error codes enumerated in #NvAPI_Status. 
+//!              Error codes specific to this API are described below.
+//! 
+//! \retval      NVAPI_SUCCESS                                - Default stereo profile name has been copied into szProfileName.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_DEFAULT_STEREO_PROFILE_IS_NOT_DEFINED  - There is no default stereo profile set at this time.
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT                       - pcbSizeOut == 0 or cbSizeIn >= *pcbSizeOut && szProfileName == 0
+//! \retval      NVAPI_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER                    - cbSizeIn < *pcbSizeOut
+//!  
+//! \ingroup stereoapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Stereo_GetDefaultProfile( __in NvU32 cbSizeIn, __out_bcount_part_opt(cbSizeIn, *pcbSizeOut) char* szProfileName,  __out NvU32 *pcbSizeOut);
+
+#include"nvapi_lite_salend.h"
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#pragma pack(pop)
diff --git a/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_surround.h b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_surround.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43b7000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvapi/nvapi_lite_surround.h
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+ /************************************************************************************************************************************\
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*     Copyright ? 2012 NVIDIA Corporation.  All rights reserved.                                                                     *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  NOTICE TO USER:                                                                                                                   *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software is subject to NVIDIA ownership rights under U.S. and international Copyright laws.                                  *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  This software and the information contained herein are PROPRIETARY and CONFIDENTIAL to NVIDIA                                     *|
+|*  and are being provided solely under the terms and conditions of an NVIDIA software license agreement.                             *|
+|*  Otherwise, you have no rights to use or access this software in any manner.                                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  If not covered by the applicable NVIDIA software license agreement:                                                               *|
+|*  NVIDIA MAKES NO REPRESENTATION ABOUT THE SUITABILITY OF THIS SOFTWARE FOR ANY PURPOSE.                                            *|
+|*  IT IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.                                                           *|
+|*  NVIDIA DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,                                                                     *|
+|*  INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.                       *|
+|*  IN NO EVENT SHALL NVIDIA BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,                               *|
+|*  OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS,  WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,                         *|
+|*  NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,  ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOURCE CODE.            *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  U.S. Government End Users.                                                                                                        *|
+|*  This software is a "commercial item" as that term is defined at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995),                                       *|
+|*  consisting  of "commercial computer  software"  and "commercial computer software documentation"                                  *|
+|*  as such terms are  used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item.     *|
+|*  Consistent with 48 C.F.R.12.212 and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995),                                          *|
+|*  all U.S. Government End Users acquire the software with only those rights set forth herein.                                       *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+|*  Any use of this software in individual and commercial software must include,                                                      *|
+|*  in the user documentation and internal comments to the code,                                                                      *|
+|*  the above Disclaimer (as applicable) and U.S. Government End Users Notice.                                                        *|
+|*                                                                                                                                    *|
+ \************************************************************************************************************************************/
+ 
+#pragma once
+#include"nvapi_lite_salstart.h"
+#include"nvapi_lite_common.h"
+#pragma pack(push,8)
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns the Display ID of the GDI Primary.
+//!
+//! \param [out]     displayId   Display ID of the GDI Primary display.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK:                          Capabilties have been returned.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NVIDIA_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND:     GDI Primary not on an NVIDIA GPU.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT:            One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED:          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION:           This entrypoint not available
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR:                       Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup dispcontrol
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_DISP_GetGDIPrimaryDisplayId(NvU32* displayId);
+#define NV_MOSAIC_MAX_DISPLAYS      (64)
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// FUNCTION NAME:   NvAPI_Mosaic_GetDisplayViewportsByResolution
+//
+//! DESCRIPTION:     This API returns the viewports that would be applied on
+//!                  the requested display.
+//!
+//! \param [in]      displayId       Display ID of a single display in the active
+//!                                  mosaic topology to query.
+//! \param [in]      srcWidth        Width of full display topology. If both
+//!                                  width and height are 0, the current
+//!                                  resolution is used.
+//! \param [in]      srcHeight       Height of full display topology. If both
+//!                                  width and height are 0, the current
+//!                                  resolution is used.
+//! \param [out]     viewports       Array of NV_RECT viewports.
+//! SUPPORTED OS:  Windows 7 and higher
+//!
+//!                                  If the requested resolution is a single-wide
+//!                                  resolution, only viewports[0] will
+//!                                  contain the viewport details, regardless
+//!                                  of which display is driving the display.
+//! \param [out]     bezelCorrected  Returns 1 if the requested resolution is
+//!                                  bezel corrected. May be NULL.
+//!
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_OK                          Capabilties have been returned.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_INVALID_ARGUMENT            One or more args passed in are invalid.
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_API_NOT_INTIALIZED          The NvAPI API needs to be initialized first
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_MOSAIC_NOT_ACTIVE           The display does not belong to an active Mosaic Topology
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_NO_IMPLEMENTATION           This entrypoint not available
+//! \retval ::NVAPI_ERROR                       Miscellaneous error occurred
+//!
+//! \ingroup mosaicapi
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+NVAPI_INTERFACE NvAPI_Mosaic_GetDisplayViewportsByResolution(NvU32 displayId, NvU32 srcWidth, NvU32 srcHeight, NV_RECT viewports[NV_MOSAIC_MAX_DISPLAYS], NvU8* bezelCorrected);
+
+#include"nvapi_lite_salend.h"
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+#pragma pack(pop)
diff --git a/external/nvenc/nvEncodeAPI.h b/external/nvenc/nvEncodeAPI.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dfec52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/nvenc/nvEncodeAPI.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4529 @@
+/*
+ * This copyright notice applies to this header file only:
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2010-2024 NVIDIA Corporation
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+ * obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+ * files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+ * restriction, including without limitation the rights to use,
+ * copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the software, and to permit persons to whom the
+ * software is furnished to do so, subject to the following
+ * conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+ * included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+ * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES
+ * OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+ * NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT
+ * HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR
+ * OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * \file nvEncodeAPI.h
+ *   NVIDIA GPUs - beginning with the Kepler generation - contain a hardware-based encoder
+ *   (referred to as NVENC) which provides fully-accelerated hardware-based video encoding.
+ *   NvEncodeAPI provides the interface for NVIDIA video encoder (NVENC).
+ * \date 2011-2024
+ *  This file contains the interface constants, structure definitions and function prototypes.
+ */
+
+#ifndef _NV_ENCODEAPI_H_
+#define _NV_ENCODEAPI_H_
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#ifndef _STDINT
+typedef __int32 int32_t;
+typedef unsigned __int32 uint32_t;
+typedef __int64 int64_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64 uint64_t;
+typedef signed char int8_t;
+typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+typedef short int16_t;
+typedef unsigned short uint16_t;
+#endif
+#else
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * \addtogroup ENCODER_STRUCTURE NvEncodeAPI Data structures
+ * @{
+ */
+
+#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
+#define NVENCAPI __stdcall
+#else
+#define NVENCAPI
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+typedef RECT NVENC_RECT;
+#else
+// =========================================================================================
+#if !defined(GUID) && !defined(GUID_DEFINED)
+#define GUID_DEFINED
+/*!
+ * \struct GUID
+ * Abstracts the GUID structure for non-windows platforms.
+ */
+// =========================================================================================
+typedef struct _GUID
+{
+    uint32_t Data1;                                      /**< [in]: Specifies the first 8 hexadecimal digits of the GUID.                                */
+    uint16_t Data2;                                      /**< [in]: Specifies the first group of 4 hexadecimal digits.                                   */
+    uint16_t Data3;                                      /**< [in]: Specifies the second group of 4 hexadecimal digits.                                  */
+    uint8_t  Data4[8];                                   /**< [in]: Array of 8 bytes. The first 2 bytes contain the third group of 4 hexadecimal digits.
+                                                                    The remaining 6 bytes contain the final 12 hexadecimal digits.                       */
+} GUID, *LPGUID;
+#endif // GUID
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NVENC_RECT
+ * Defines a Rectangle. Used in ::NV_ENC_PREPROCESS_FRAME.
+ */
+typedef struct _NVENC_RECT
+{
+    uint32_t left;                                        /**< [in]: X coordinate of the upper left corner of rectangular area to be specified.       */
+    uint32_t top;                                         /**< [in]: Y coordinate of the upper left corner of the rectangular area to be specified.   */
+    uint32_t right;                                       /**< [in]: X coordinate of the bottom right corner of the rectangular area to be specified. */
+    uint32_t bottom;                                      /**< [in]: Y coordinate of the bottom right corner of the rectangular area to be specified. */
+} NVENC_RECT;
+
+#endif // _WIN32
+
+/** @} */ /* End of GUID and NVENC_RECT structure grouping*/
+
+typedef void* NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR;             /**< NVENCODE API input buffer                              */
+typedef void* NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR;            /**< NVENCODE API output buffer*/
+typedef void* NV_ENC_REGISTERED_PTR;        /**< A Resource that has been registered with NVENCODE API*/
+typedef void* NV_ENC_CUSTREAM_PTR;          /**< Pointer to CUstream*/
+
+#define NVENCAPI_MAJOR_VERSION 12
+#define NVENCAPI_MINOR_VERSION 2
+
+#define NVENCAPI_VERSION (NVENCAPI_MAJOR_VERSION | (NVENCAPI_MINOR_VERSION << 24))
+
+/**
+ * Macro to generate per-structure version for use with API.
+ */
+#define NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(ver) ((uint32_t)NVENCAPI_VERSION | ((ver)<<16) | (0x7 << 28))
+
+
+#define NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH  0xffffffff
+
+#define NV_MAX_SEQ_HDR_LEN  (512)
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#define NV_ENC_DEPRECATED __attribute__ ((deprecated("WILL BE REMOVED IN A FUTURE VIDEO CODEC SDK VERSION")))
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define NV_ENC_DEPRECATED __declspec(deprecated("WILL BE REMOVED IN A FUTURE VIDEO CODEC SDK VERSION"))
+#endif
+
+// =========================================================================================
+// Encode Codec GUIDS supported by the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+// =========================================================================================
+
+// {6BC82762-4E63-4ca4-AA85-1E50F321F6BF}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_CODEC_H264_GUID =
+{ 0x6bc82762, 0x4e63, 0x4ca4, { 0xaa, 0x85, 0x1e, 0x50, 0xf3, 0x21, 0xf6, 0xbf } };
+
+// {790CDC88-4522-4d7b-9425-BDA9975F7603}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_CODEC_HEVC_GUID =
+{ 0x790cdc88, 0x4522, 0x4d7b, { 0x94, 0x25, 0xbd, 0xa9, 0x97, 0x5f, 0x76, 0x3 } };
+
+// {0A352289-0AA7-4759-862D-5D15CD16D254}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_CODEC_AV1_GUID =
+{ 0x0a352289, 0x0aa7, 0x4759, { 0x86, 0x2d, 0x5d, 0x15, 0xcd, 0x16, 0xd2, 0x54 } };
+
+
+
+// =========================================================================================
+// *   Encode Profile GUIDS supported by the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+// =========================================================================================
+
+// {BFD6F8E7-233C-4341-8B3E-4818523803F4}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_CODEC_PROFILE_AUTOSELECT_GUID =
+{ 0xbfd6f8e7, 0x233c, 0x4341, { 0x8b, 0x3e, 0x48, 0x18, 0x52, 0x38, 0x3, 0xf4 } };
+
+// {0727BCAA-78C4-4c83-8C2F-EF3DFF267C6A}
+static const GUID  NV_ENC_H264_PROFILE_BASELINE_GUID =
+{ 0x727bcaa, 0x78c4, 0x4c83, { 0x8c, 0x2f, 0xef, 0x3d, 0xff, 0x26, 0x7c, 0x6a } };
+
+// {60B5C1D4-67FE-4790-94D5-C4726D7B6E6D}
+static const GUID  NV_ENC_H264_PROFILE_MAIN_GUID =
+{ 0x60b5c1d4, 0x67fe, 0x4790, { 0x94, 0xd5, 0xc4, 0x72, 0x6d, 0x7b, 0x6e, 0x6d } };
+
+// {E7CBC309-4F7A-4b89-AF2A-D537C92BE310}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_H264_PROFILE_HIGH_GUID =
+{ 0xe7cbc309, 0x4f7a, 0x4b89, { 0xaf, 0x2a, 0xd5, 0x37, 0xc9, 0x2b, 0xe3, 0x10 } };
+
+// {7AC663CB-A598-4960-B844-339B261A7D52}
+static const GUID  NV_ENC_H264_PROFILE_HIGH_444_GUID =
+{ 0x7ac663cb, 0xa598, 0x4960, { 0xb8, 0x44, 0x33, 0x9b, 0x26, 0x1a, 0x7d, 0x52 } };
+
+// {40847BF5-33F7-4601-9084-E8FE3C1DB8B7}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_H264_PROFILE_STEREO_GUID =
+{ 0x40847bf5, 0x33f7, 0x4601, { 0x90, 0x84, 0xe8, 0xfe, 0x3c, 0x1d, 0xb8, 0xb7 } };
+
+// {B405AFAC-F32B-417B-89C4-9ABEED3E5978}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_H264_PROFILE_PROGRESSIVE_HIGH_GUID =
+{ 0xb405afac, 0xf32b, 0x417b, { 0x89, 0xc4, 0x9a, 0xbe, 0xed, 0x3e, 0x59, 0x78 } };
+
+// {AEC1BD87-E85B-48f2-84C3-98BCA6285072}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_H264_PROFILE_CONSTRAINED_HIGH_GUID =
+{ 0xaec1bd87, 0xe85b, 0x48f2, { 0x84, 0xc3, 0x98, 0xbc, 0xa6, 0x28, 0x50, 0x72 } };
+
+// {B514C39A-B55B-40fa-878F-F1253B4DFDEC}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_HEVC_PROFILE_MAIN_GUID =
+{ 0xb514c39a, 0xb55b, 0x40fa, { 0x87, 0x8f, 0xf1, 0x25, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xfd, 0xec } };
+
+// {fa4d2b6c-3a5b-411a-8018-0a3f5e3c9be5}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_HEVC_PROFILE_MAIN10_GUID =
+{ 0xfa4d2b6c, 0x3a5b, 0x411a, { 0x80, 0x18, 0x0a, 0x3f, 0x5e, 0x3c, 0x9b, 0xe5 } };
+
+// For HEVC Main 444 8 bit and HEVC Main 444 10 bit profiles only
+// {51ec32b5-1b4c-453c-9cbd-b616bd621341}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_HEVC_PROFILE_FREXT_GUID =
+{ 0x51ec32b5, 0x1b4c, 0x453c, { 0x9c, 0xbd, 0xb6, 0x16, 0xbd, 0x62, 0x13, 0x41 } };
+
+// {5f2a39f5-f14e-4f95-9a9e-b76d568fcf97}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_AV1_PROFILE_MAIN_GUID =
+{ 0x5f2a39f5, 0xf14e, 0x4f95, { 0x9a, 0x9e, 0xb7, 0x6d, 0x56, 0x8f, 0xcf, 0x97 } };
+
+// =========================================================================================
+// *   Preset GUIDS supported by the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+// =========================================================================================
+
+// Performance degrades and quality improves as we move from P1 to P7. Presets P3 to P7 for H264 and Presets P2 to P7 for HEVC have B frames enabled by default
+// for HIGH_QUALITY and LOSSLESS tuning info, and will not work with Weighted Prediction enabled. In case Weighted Prediction is required, disable B frames by
+// setting frameIntervalP = 1
+// {FC0A8D3E-45F8-4CF8-80C7-298871590EBF}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_PRESET_P1_GUID   =
+{ 0xfc0a8d3e, 0x45f8, 0x4cf8, { 0x80, 0xc7, 0x29, 0x88, 0x71, 0x59, 0xe, 0xbf } };
+
+// {F581CFB8-88D6-4381-93F0-DF13F9C27DAB}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_PRESET_P2_GUID   =
+{ 0xf581cfb8, 0x88d6, 0x4381, { 0x93, 0xf0, 0xdf, 0x13, 0xf9, 0xc2, 0x7d, 0xab } };
+
+// {36850110-3A07-441F-94D5-3670631F91F6}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_PRESET_P3_GUID   =
+{ 0x36850110, 0x3a07, 0x441f, { 0x94, 0xd5, 0x36, 0x70, 0x63, 0x1f, 0x91, 0xf6 } };
+
+// {90A7B826-DF06-4862-B9D2-CD6D73A08681}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_PRESET_P4_GUID   =
+{ 0x90a7b826, 0xdf06, 0x4862, { 0xb9, 0xd2, 0xcd, 0x6d, 0x73, 0xa0, 0x86, 0x81 } };
+
+// {21C6E6B4-297A-4CBA-998F-B6CBDE72ADE3}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_PRESET_P5_GUID   =
+{ 0x21c6e6b4, 0x297a, 0x4cba, { 0x99, 0x8f, 0xb6, 0xcb, 0xde, 0x72, 0xad, 0xe3 } };
+
+// {8E75C279-6299-4AB6-8302-0B215A335CF5}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_PRESET_P6_GUID   =
+{ 0x8e75c279, 0x6299, 0x4ab6, { 0x83, 0x2, 0xb, 0x21, 0x5a, 0x33, 0x5c, 0xf5 } };
+
+// {84848C12-6F71-4C13-931B-53E283F57974}
+static const GUID NV_ENC_PRESET_P7_GUID   =
+{ 0x84848c12, 0x6f71, 0x4c13, { 0x93, 0x1b, 0x53, 0xe2, 0x83, 0xf5, 0x79, 0x74 } };
+
+/**
+ * \addtogroup ENCODER_STRUCTURE NvEncodeAPI Data structures
+ * @{
+ */
+
+/**
+ * Input frame encode modes
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_PARAMS_FRAME_FIELD_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_FRAME_FIELD_MODE_FRAME = 0x01,  /**< Frame mode */
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_FRAME_FIELD_MODE_FIELD = 0x02,  /**< Field mode */
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_FRAME_FIELD_MODE_MBAFF = 0x03   /**< MB adaptive frame/field */
+} NV_ENC_PARAMS_FRAME_FIELD_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * Rate Control Modes
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_CONSTQP                = 0x0,       /**< Constant QP mode */
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_VBR                    = 0x1,       /**< Variable bitrate mode */
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_CBR                    = 0x2,       /**< Constant bitrate mode */
+} NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * Multi Pass encoding
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_MULTI_PASS
+{
+    NV_ENC_MULTI_PASS_DISABLED              = 0x0,        /**< Single Pass */
+    NV_ENC_TWO_PASS_QUARTER_RESOLUTION      = 0x1,        /**< Two Pass encoding is enabled where first Pass is quarter resolution */
+    NV_ENC_TWO_PASS_FULL_RESOLUTION         = 0x2,        /**< Two Pass encoding is enabled where first Pass is full resolution */
+} NV_ENC_MULTI_PASS;
+
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_STATE_RESTORE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_ENC_STATE_RESTORE_FULL               = 0x01,      /**< Restore full encoder state */
+    NV_ENC_STATE_RESTORE_RATE_CONTROL       = 0x02,      /**< Restore only rate control state */
+    NV_ENC_STATE_RESTORE_ENCODE             = 0x03,      /**< Restore full encoder state except for rate control state */
+} NV_ENC_STATE_RESTORE_TYPE;
+
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_LEVEL
+{
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_NONE          = 0,             /** No output stats */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK_LEVEL   = 1,             /** Output stats for every block.
+                                                           Block represents a CTB for HEVC, macroblock for H.264, super block for AV1 */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_ROW_LEVEL     = 2,             /** Output stats for every row.
+                                                           Row represents a CTB row for HEVC, macroblock row for H.264, super block row for AV1 */
+} NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_LEVEL;
+
+/**
+ * Emphasis Levels
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL
+{
+    NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL_0               = 0x0,       /**< Emphasis Map Level 0, for zero Delta QP value */
+    NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL_1               = 0x1,       /**< Emphasis Map Level 1, for very low Delta QP value */
+    NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL_2               = 0x2,       /**< Emphasis Map Level 2, for low Delta QP value */
+    NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL_3               = 0x3,       /**< Emphasis Map Level 3, for medium Delta QP value */
+    NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL_4               = 0x4,       /**< Emphasis Map Level 4, for high Delta QP value */
+    NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL_5               = 0x5        /**< Emphasis Map Level 5, for very high Delta QP value */
+} NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL;
+
+/**
+ * QP MAP MODE
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_QP_MAP_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_QP_MAP_DISABLED               = 0x0,             /**< Value in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap have no effect. */
+    NV_ENC_QP_MAP_EMPHASIS               = 0x1,             /**< Value in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap will be treated as Emphasis level. Currently this is only supported for H264 */
+    NV_ENC_QP_MAP_DELTA                  = 0x2,             /**< Value in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap will be treated as QP delta map. */
+    NV_ENC_QP_MAP                        = 0x3,             /**< Currently This is not supported. Value in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap will be treated as QP value.   */
+} NV_ENC_QP_MAP_MODE;
+
+
+/**
+ * Input picture structure
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT
+{
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_FRAME             = 0x01,                 /**< Progressive frame */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_FIELD_TOP_BOTTOM  = 0x02,                 /**< Field encoding top field first */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_FIELD_BOTTOM_TOP  = 0x03                  /**< Field encoding bottom field first */
+} NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT;
+
+/**
+ * Display picture structure
+ * Currently, this enum is only used for deciding the number of clock timestamp sets in Picture Timing SEI / Time Code SEI
+ * Otherwise, this has no impact on encoder behavior
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_DISPLAY_PIC_STRUCT
+{
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_DISPLAY_FRAME             = 0x00,                 /**< Field encoding top field first */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_DISPLAY_FIELD_TOP_BOTTOM  = 0x01,                 /**< Field encoding top field first */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_DISPLAY_FIELD_BOTTOM_TOP  = 0x02,                 /**< Field encoding bottom field first */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_DISPLAY_FRAME_DOUBLING    = 0x03,                 /**< Frame doubling */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT_DISPLAY_FRAME_TRIPLING    = 0x04                  /**< Field tripling */
+} NV_ENC_DISPLAY_PIC_STRUCT;
+
+/**
+ * Input picture type
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE
+{
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_P               = 0x0,     /**< Forward predicted */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_B               = 0x01,    /**< Bi-directionally predicted picture */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_I               = 0x02,    /**< Intra predicted picture */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_IDR             = 0x03,    /**< IDR picture */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_BI              = 0x04,    /**< Bi-directionally predicted with only Intra MBs */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_SKIPPED         = 0x05,    /**< Picture is skipped */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_INTRA_REFRESH   = 0x06,    /**< First picture in intra refresh cycle */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_NONREF_P        = 0x07,    /**< Non reference P picture */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_SWITCH          = 0x08,    /**< Switch frame (AV1 only) */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE_UNKNOWN         = 0xFF     /**< Picture type unknown */
+} NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE;
+
+/**
+ * Motion vector precisions
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_MV_PRECISION
+{
+    NV_ENC_MV_PRECISION_DEFAULT     = 0x0,     /**< Driver selects Quarter-Pel motion vector precision by default */
+    NV_ENC_MV_PRECISION_FULL_PEL    = 0x01,    /**< Full-Pel motion vector precision */
+    NV_ENC_MV_PRECISION_HALF_PEL    = 0x02,    /**< Half-Pel motion vector precision */
+    NV_ENC_MV_PRECISION_QUARTER_PEL = 0x03     /**< Quarter-Pel motion vector precision */
+} NV_ENC_MV_PRECISION;
+
+
+/**
+ * Input buffer formats
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT
+{
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_UNDEFINED                       = 0x00000000,  /**< Undefined buffer format */
+
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_NV12                            = 0x00000001,  /**< Semi-Planar YUV [Y plane followed by interleaved UV plane] */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_YV12                            = 0x00000010,  /**< Planar YUV [Y plane followed by V and U planes] */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_IYUV                            = 0x00000100,  /**< Planar YUV [Y plane followed by U and V planes] */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_YUV444                          = 0x00001000,  /**< Planar YUV [Y plane followed by U and V planes] */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_YUV420_10BIT                    = 0x00010000,  /**< 10 bit Semi-Planar YUV [Y plane followed by interleaved UV plane]. Each pixel of size 2 bytes. Most Significant 10 bits contain pixel data. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_YUV444_10BIT                    = 0x00100000,  /**< 10 bit Planar YUV444 [Y plane followed by U and V planes]. Each pixel of size 2 bytes. Most Significant 10 bits contain pixel data.  */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_ARGB                            = 0x01000000,  /**< 8 bit Packed A8R8G8B8. This is a word-ordered format
+                                                                             where a pixel is represented by a 32-bit word with B
+                                                                             in the lowest 8 bits, G in the next 8 bits, R in the
+                                                                             8 bits after that and A in the highest 8 bits. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_ARGB10                          = 0x02000000,  /**< 10 bit Packed A2R10G10B10. This is a word-ordered format
+                                                                             where a pixel is represented by a 32-bit word with B
+                                                                             in the lowest 10 bits, G in the next 10 bits, R in the
+                                                                             10 bits after that and A in the highest 2 bits. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_AYUV                            = 0x04000000,  /**< 8 bit Packed A8Y8U8V8. This is a word-ordered format
+                                                                             where a pixel is represented by a 32-bit word with V
+                                                                             in the lowest 8 bits, U in the next 8 bits, Y in the
+                                                                             8 bits after that and A in the highest 8 bits. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_ABGR                            = 0x10000000,  /**< 8 bit Packed A8B8G8R8. This is a word-ordered format
+                                                                             where a pixel is represented by a 32-bit word with R
+                                                                             in the lowest 8 bits, G in the next 8 bits, B in the
+                                                                             8 bits after that and A in the highest 8 bits. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_ABGR10                          = 0x20000000,  /**< 10 bit Packed A2B10G10R10. This is a word-ordered format
+                                                                             where a pixel is represented by a 32-bit word with R
+                                                                             in the lowest 10 bits, G in the next 10 bits, B in the
+                                                                             10 bits after that and A in the highest 2 bits. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_U8                              = 0x40000000,  /**< Buffer format representing one-dimensional buffer.
+                                                                             This format should be used only when registering the
+                                                                             resource as output buffer, which will be used to write
+                                                                             the encoded bit stream or H.264 ME only mode output. */
+} NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT;
+
+/**
+ * Encoding levels
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_LEVEL
+{
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AUTOSELECT         = 0,
+
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_1             = 10,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_1b            = 9,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_11            = 11,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_12            = 12,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_13            = 13,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_2             = 20,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_21            = 21,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_22            = 22,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_3             = 30,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_31            = 31,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_32            = 32,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_4             = 40,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_41            = 41,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_42            = 42,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_5             = 50,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_51            = 51,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_52            = 52,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_60            = 60,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_61            = 61,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_H264_62            = 62,
+
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_1             = 30,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_2             = 60,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_21            = 63,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_3             = 90,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_31            = 93,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_4             = 120,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_41            = 123,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_5             = 150,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_51            = 153,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_52            = 156,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_6             = 180,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_61            = 183,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_HEVC_62            = 186,
+
+    NV_ENC_TIER_HEVC_MAIN           = 0,
+    NV_ENC_TIER_HEVC_HIGH           = 1,
+
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_2              = 0,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_21             = 1,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_22             = 2,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_23             = 3,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_3              = 4,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_31             = 5,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_32             = 6,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_33             = 7,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_4              = 8,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_41             = 9,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_42             = 10,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_43             = 11,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_5              = 12,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_51             = 13,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_52             = 14,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_53             = 15,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_6              = 16,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_61             = 17,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_62             = 18,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_63             = 19,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_7              = 20,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_71             = 21,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_72             = 22,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_73             = 23,
+    NV_ENC_LEVEL_AV1_AUTOSELECT         ,
+
+    NV_ENC_TIER_AV1_0               = 0,
+    NV_ENC_TIER_AV1_1               = 1
+} NV_ENC_LEVEL;
+
+/**
+ * Error Codes
+ */
+typedef enum _NVENCSTATUS
+{
+    /**
+     * This indicates that API call returned with no errors.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_SUCCESS,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that no encode capable devices were detected.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_NO_ENCODE_DEVICE,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that devices pass by the client is not supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DEVICE,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the encoder device supplied by the client is not
+     * valid.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that device passed to the API call is invalid.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_DEVICE,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that device passed to the API call is no longer available and
+     * needs to be reinitialized. The clients need to destroy the current encoder
+     * session by freeing the allocated input output buffers and destroying the device
+     * and create a new encoding session.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that one or more of the pointers passed to the API call
+     * is invalid.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that completion event passed in ::NvEncEncodePicture() call
+     * is invalid.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_EVENT,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that one or more of the parameter passed to the API call
+     * is invalid.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that an API call was made in wrong sequence/order.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_CALL,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the API call failed because it was unable to allocate
+     * enough memory to perform the requested operation.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the encoder has not been initialized with
+     * ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() or that initialization has failed.
+     * The client cannot allocate input or output buffers or do any encoding
+     * related operation before successfully initializing the encoder.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that an unsupported parameter was passed by the client.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the ::NvEncLockBitstream() failed to lock the output
+     * buffer. This happens when the client makes a non blocking lock call to
+     * access the output bitstream by passing NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::doNotWait flag.
+     * This is not a fatal error and client should retry the same operation after
+     * few milliseconds.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_LOCK_BUSY,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the size of the user buffer passed by the client is
+     * insufficient for the requested operation.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_NOT_ENOUGH_BUFFER,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that an invalid struct version was used by the client.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that ::NvEncMapInputResource() API failed to map the client
+     * provided input resource.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_MAP_FAILED,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates encode driver requires more input buffers to produce an output
+     * bitstream. If this error is returned from ::NvEncEncodePicture() API, this
+     * is not a fatal error. If the client is encoding with B frames then,
+     * ::NvEncEncodePicture() API might be buffering the input frame for re-ordering.
+     *
+     * A client operating in synchronous mode cannot call ::NvEncLockBitstream()
+     * API on the output bitstream buffer if ::NvEncEncodePicture() returned the
+     * ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT error code.
+     * The client must continue providing input frames until encode driver returns
+     * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS. After receiving ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS status the client can call
+     * ::NvEncLockBitstream() API on the output buffers in the same order in which
+     * it has called ::NvEncEncodePicture().
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the HW encoder is busy encoding and is unable to encode
+     * the input. The client should call ::NvEncEncodePicture() again after few
+     * milliseconds.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_BUSY,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the completion event passed in ::NvEncEncodePicture()
+     * API has not been registered with encoder driver using ::NvEncRegisterAsyncEvent().
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_EVENT_NOT_REGISTERD,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that an unknown internal error has occurred.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the client is attempting to use a feature
+     * that is not available for the license type for the current system.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_INCOMPATIBLE_CLIENT_KEY,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the client is attempting to use a feature
+     * that is not implemented for the current version.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the ::NvEncRegisterResource API failed to register the resource.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_REGISTER_FAILED,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the client is attempting to unregister a resource
+     * that has not been successfully registered.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_REGISTERED,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates that the client is attempting to unmap a resource
+     * that has not been successfully mapped.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_MAPPED,
+
+    /**
+     * This indicates encode driver requires more output buffers to write an output
+     * bitstream. If this error is returned from ::NvEncRestoreEncoderState() API, this
+     * is not a fatal error. If the client is encoding with B frames then,
+     * ::NvEncRestoreEncoderState() API might be requiring the extra output buffer for accomodating overlay frame output in a separate buffer, for AV1 codec.
+     * In this case, client must call NvEncRestoreEncoderState() API again with NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS::outputBitstream as input along with
+     * the parameters in the previous call. When operating in asynchronous mode of encoding, client must also specify NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS::completionEvent.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_OUTPUT,
+
+} NVENCSTATUS;
+
+/**
+ * Encode Picture encode flags.
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_PIC_FLAGS
+{
+    NV_ENC_PIC_FLAG_FORCEINTRA                = 0x1,   /**< Encode the current picture as an Intra picture */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_FLAG_FORCEIDR                  = 0x2,   /**< Encode the current picture as an IDR picture.
+                                                            This flag is only valid when Picture type decision is taken by the Encoder
+                                                            [_NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD == 1]. */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_FLAG_OUTPUT_SPSPPS             = 0x4,   /**< Write the sequence and picture header in encoded bitstream of the current picture */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_FLAG_EOS                       = 0x8,   /**< Indicates end of the input stream */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_FLAG_DISABLE_ENC_STATE_ADVANCE = 0x10,  /**< Do not advance encoder state during encode */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_FLAG_OUTPUT_RECON_FRAME        = 0x20,  /**< Write reconstructed frame */
+} NV_ENC_PIC_FLAGS;
+
+/**
+ * Memory heap to allocate input and output buffers.
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP
+{
+    NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP_AUTOSELECT      = 0, /**< Memory heap to be decided by the encoder driver based on the usage */
+    NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP_VID             = 1, /**< Memory heap is in local video memory */
+    NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP_SYSMEM_CACHED   = 2, /**< Memory heap is in cached system memory */
+    NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP_SYSMEM_UNCACHED = 3  /**< Memory heap is in uncached system memory */
+} NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP;
+
+/**
+ * B-frame used as reference modes
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE_DISABLED = 0x0,          /**< B frame is not used for reference */
+    NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE_EACH     = 0x1,          /**< Each B-frame will be used for reference */
+    NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE_MIDDLE   = 0x2,          /**< Only(Number of B-frame)/2 th B-frame will be used for reference */
+} NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * H.264 entropy coding modes.
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_H264_ENTROPY_CODING_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_H264_ENTROPY_CODING_MODE_AUTOSELECT = 0x0,   /**< Entropy coding mode is auto selected by the encoder driver */
+    NV_ENC_H264_ENTROPY_CODING_MODE_CABAC      = 0x1,   /**< Entropy coding mode is CABAC */
+    NV_ENC_H264_ENTROPY_CODING_MODE_CAVLC      = 0x2    /**< Entropy coding mode is CAVLC */
+} NV_ENC_H264_ENTROPY_CODING_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * H.264 specific BDirect modes
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_H264_BDIRECT_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_H264_BDIRECT_MODE_AUTOSELECT = 0x0,          /**< BDirect mode is auto selected by the encoder driver */
+    NV_ENC_H264_BDIRECT_MODE_DISABLE    = 0x1,          /**< Disable BDirect mode */
+    NV_ENC_H264_BDIRECT_MODE_TEMPORAL   = 0x2,          /**< Temporal BDirect mode */
+    NV_ENC_H264_BDIRECT_MODE_SPATIAL    = 0x3           /**< Spatial BDirect mode */
+} NV_ENC_H264_BDIRECT_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * H.264 specific FMO usage
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_H264_FMO_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_H264_FMO_AUTOSELECT          = 0x0,          /**< FMO usage is auto selected by the encoder driver */
+    NV_ENC_H264_FMO_ENABLE              = 0x1,          /**< Enable FMO */
+    NV_ENC_H264_FMO_DISABLE             = 0x2,          /**< Disable FMO */
+} NV_ENC_H264_FMO_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * H.264 specific Adaptive Transform modes
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_H264_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_H264_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM_AUTOSELECT = 0x0,   /**< Adaptive Transform 8x8 mode is auto selected by the encoder driver*/
+    NV_ENC_H264_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM_DISABLE    = 0x1,   /**< Adaptive Transform 8x8 mode disabled */
+    NV_ENC_H264_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM_ENABLE     = 0x2,   /**< Adaptive Transform 8x8 mode should be used */
+} NV_ENC_H264_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * Stereo frame packing modes.
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE_NONE             = 0x0,  /**< No Stereo packing required */
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE_CHECKERBOARD     = 0x1,  /**< Checkerboard mode for packing stereo frames */
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE_COLINTERLEAVE    = 0x2,  /**< Column Interleave mode for packing stereo frames */
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE_ROWINTERLEAVE    = 0x3,  /**< Row Interleave mode for packing stereo frames */
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE_SIDEBYSIDE       = 0x4,  /**< Side-by-side mode for packing stereo frames */
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE_TOPBOTTOM        = 0x5,  /**< Top-Bottom mode for packing stereo frames */
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE_FRAMESEQ         = 0x6   /**< Frame Sequential mode for packing stereo frames */
+} NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE;
+
+/**
+ *  Input Resource type
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_DIRECTX          = 0x0,   /**< input resource type is a directx9 surface*/
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_CUDADEVICEPTR    = 0x1,   /**< input resource type is a cuda device pointer surface*/
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_CUDAARRAY        = 0x2,   /**< input resource type is a cuda array surface.
+                                                              This array must be a 2D array and the CUDA_ARRAY3D_SURFACE_LDST
+                                                              flag must have been specified when creating it. */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_OPENGL_TEX       = 0x3    /**< input resource type is an OpenGL texture */
+} NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE;
+
+/**
+ *  Buffer usage
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_BUFFER_USAGE
+{
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_IMAGE              = 0x0,          /**< Registered surface will be used for input image */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_MOTION_VECTOR     = 0x1,          /**< Registered surface will be used for output of H.264 ME only mode.
+                                                         This buffer usage type is not supported for HEVC ME only mode. */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_BITSTREAM         = 0x2,          /**< Registered surface will be used for output bitstream in encoding */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RECON             = 0x4,          /**< Registered surface will be used for output reconstructed frame in encoding */
+} NV_ENC_BUFFER_USAGE;
+
+/**
+ *  Encoder Device type
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_DEVICE_TYPE
+{
+    NV_ENC_DEVICE_TYPE_DIRECTX          = 0x0,   /**< encode device type is a directx9 device */
+    NV_ENC_DEVICE_TYPE_CUDA             = 0x1,   /**< encode device type is a cuda device */
+    NV_ENC_DEVICE_TYPE_OPENGL           = 0x2    /**< encode device type is an OpenGL device.
+                                                      Use of this device type is supported only on Linux */
+} NV_ENC_DEVICE_TYPE;
+
+/**
+ * Number of reference frames
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES
+{
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_AUTOSELECT       = 0x0,          /**< Number of reference frames is auto selected by the encoder driver */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_1                = 0x1,          /**< Number of reference frames equal to 1 */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_2                = 0x2,          /**< Number of reference frames equal to 2 */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_3                = 0x3,          /**< Number of reference frames equal to 3 */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_4                = 0x4,          /**< Number of reference frames equal to 4 */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_5                = 0x5,          /**< Number of reference frames equal to 5 */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_6                = 0x6,          /**< Number of reference frames equal to 6 */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES_7                = 0x7           /**< Number of reference frames equal to 7 */
+} NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES;
+
+/**
+*  Enum for Temporal filtering level.
+*/
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_TEMPORAL_FILTER_LEVEL
+{
+    NV_ENC_TEMPORAL_FILTER_LEVEL_0 = 0,
+    NV_ENC_TEMPORAL_FILTER_LEVEL_4 = 4,
+}NV_ENC_TEMPORAL_FILTER_LEVEL;
+/**
+ * Encoder capabilities enumeration.
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_CAPS
+{
+    /**
+     * Maximum number of B-Frames supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_NUM_MAX_BFRAMES,
+
+    /**
+     * Rate control modes supported.
+     * \n The API return value is a bitmask of the values in NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_MODE.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORTED_RATECONTROL_MODES,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for field mode encoding.
+     * \n 0 : Interlaced mode encoding is not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Interlaced field mode encoding is supported.
+     * \n 2 : Interlaced frame encoding and field mode encoding are both supported.
+     */
+     NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_FIELD_ENCODING,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for monochrome mode encoding.
+     * \n 0 : Monochrome mode not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Monochrome mode supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_MONOCHROME,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for FMO.
+     * \n 0 : FMO not supported.
+     * \n 1 : FMO supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_FMO,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW capability for Quarter pel motion estimation.
+     * \n 0 : Quarter-Pel Motion Estimation not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Quarter-Pel Motion Estimation supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_QPELMV,
+
+    /**
+     * H.264 specific. Indicates HW support for BDirect modes.
+     * \n 0 : BDirect mode encoding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : BDirect mode encoding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_BDIRECT_MODE,
+
+    /**
+     * H264 specific. Indicates HW support for CABAC entropy coding mode.
+     * \n 0 : CABAC entropy coding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : CABAC entropy coding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_CABAC,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Adaptive Transform.
+     * \n 0 : Adaptive Transform not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Adaptive Transform supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Multi View Coding.
+     * \n 0 : Multi View Coding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Multi View Coding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_STEREO_MVC,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for encoding Temporal layers.
+     * \n 0 : Encoding Temporal layers not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Encoding Temporal layers supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_NUM_MAX_TEMPORAL_LAYERS,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Hierarchical P frames.
+     * \n 0 : Hierarchical P frames not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Hierarchical P frames supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_HIERARCHICAL_PFRAMES,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Hierarchical B frames.
+     * \n 0 : Hierarchical B frames not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Hierarchical B frames supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_HIERARCHICAL_BFRAMES,
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum Encoding level supported (See ::NV_ENC_LEVEL for details).
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_LEVEL_MAX,
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum Encoding level supported (See ::NV_ENC_LEVEL for details).
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_LEVEL_MIN,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for separate colour plane encoding.
+     * \n 0 : Separate colour plane encoding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Separate colour plane encoding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SEPARATE_COLOUR_PLANE,
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum output width supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_WIDTH_MAX,
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum output height supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_HEIGHT_MAX,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Temporal Scalability Support.
+     * \n 0 : Temporal SVC encoding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Temporal SVC encoding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_TEMPORAL_SVC,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Dynamic Encode Resolution Change Support.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Dynamic Encode Resolution Change not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Dynamic Encode Resolution Change supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_DYN_RES_CHANGE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Dynamic Encode Bitrate Change Support.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Dynamic Encode bitrate change not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Dynamic Encode bitrate change supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_DYN_BITRATE_CHANGE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Forcing Constant QP On The Fly Support.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Forcing constant QP on the fly not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Forcing constant QP on the fly supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_DYN_FORCE_CONSTQP,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Dynamic rate control mode Change Support.
+     * \n 0 : Dynamic rate control mode change not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Dynamic rate control mode change supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_DYN_RCMODE_CHANGE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Subframe readback support for slice-based encoding. If this feature is supported, it can be enabled by setting enableSubFrameWrite = 1.
+     * \n 0 : Subframe readback not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Subframe readback supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_SUBFRAME_READBACK,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Constrained Encoding mode support.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Constrained encoding mode not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Constrained encoding mode supported.
+     * If this mode is supported client can enable this during initialization.
+     * Client can then force a picture to be coded as constrained picture where
+     * in-loop filtering is disabled across slice boundaries and prediction vectors for inter
+     * macroblocks in each slice will be restricted to the slice region.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_CONSTRAINED_ENCODING,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Intra Refresh Mode Support.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Intra Refresh Mode not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Intra Refresh Mode supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_INTRA_REFRESH,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Custom VBV Buffer Size support. It can be used for capping frame size.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Custom VBV buffer size specification from client, not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Custom VBV buffer size specification from client, supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_CUSTOM_VBV_BUF_SIZE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Dynamic Slice Mode Support.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Dynamic Slice Mode not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Dynamic Slice Mode supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_DYNAMIC_SLICE_MODE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates Reference Picture Invalidation Support.
+     * Support added from NvEncodeAPI version 2.0.
+     * \n 0 : Reference Picture Invalidation not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Reference Picture Invalidation supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_REF_PIC_INVALIDATION,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates support for Pre-Processing.
+     * The API return value is a bitmask of the values defined in ::NV_ENC_PREPROC_FLAGS
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_PREPROC_SUPPORT,
+
+    /**
+    * Indicates support Async mode.
+    * \n 0 : Async Encode mode not supported.
+    * \n 1 : Async Encode mode supported.
+    */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_ASYNC_ENCODE_SUPPORT,
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum MBs per frame supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_MB_NUM_MAX,
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum aggregate throughput in MBs per sec.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_MB_PER_SEC_MAX,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for YUV444 mode encoding.
+     * \n 0 : YUV444 mode encoding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : YUV444 mode encoding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_YUV444_ENCODE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for lossless encoding.
+     * \n 0 : lossless encoding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : lossless encoding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_LOSSLESS_ENCODE,
+
+     /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Sample Adaptive Offset.
+     * \n 0 : SAO not supported.
+     * \n 1 : SAO encoding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_SAO,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Motion Estimation Only Mode.
+     * \n 0 : MEOnly Mode not supported.
+     * \n 1 : MEOnly Mode supported for I and P frames.
+     * \n 2 : MEOnly Mode supported for I, P and B frames.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_MEONLY_MODE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for lookahead encoding (enableLookahead=1).
+     * \n 0 : Lookahead not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Lookahead supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_LOOKAHEAD,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for temporal AQ encoding (enableTemporalAQ=1).
+     * \n 0 : Temporal AQ not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Temporal AQ supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_TEMPORAL_AQ,
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for 10 bit encoding.
+     * \n 0 : 10 bit encoding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : 10 bit encoding supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_10BIT_ENCODE,
+    /**
+     * Maximum number of Long Term Reference frames supported
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_NUM_MAX_LTR_FRAMES,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Weighted Prediction.
+     * \n 0 : Weighted Prediction not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Weighted Prediction supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_WEIGHTED_PREDICTION,
+
+
+    /**
+     * On managed (vGPU) platforms (Windows only), this API, in conjunction with other GRID Management APIs, can be used
+     * to estimate the residual capacity of the hardware encoder on the GPU as a percentage of the total available encoder capacity.
+     * This API can be called at any time; i.e. during the encode session or before opening the encode session.
+     * If the available encoder capacity is returned as zero, applications may choose to switch to software encoding
+     * and continue to call this API (e.g. polling once per second) until capacity becomes available.
+     *
+     * On bare metal (non-virtualized GPU) and linux platforms, this API always returns 100.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_DYNAMIC_QUERY_ENCODER_CAPACITY,
+
+     /**
+     * Indicates B as reference support.
+     * \n 0 : B as reference is not supported.
+     * \n 1 : each B-Frame as reference is supported.
+     * \n 2 : only Middle B-frame as reference is supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_BFRAME_REF_MODE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for Emphasis Level Map based delta QP computation.
+     * \n 0 : Emphasis Level Map based delta QP not supported.
+     * \n 1 : Emphasis Level Map based delta QP is supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_EMPHASIS_LEVEL_MAP,
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum input width supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_WIDTH_MIN,
+
+    /**
+     * Minimum input height supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_HEIGHT_MIN,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for multiple reference frames.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_MULTIPLE_REF_FRAMES,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates HW support for HEVC with alpha encoding.
+     * \n 0 : HEVC with alpha encoding not supported.
+     * \n 1 : HEVC with alpha encoding is supported.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_ALPHA_LAYER_ENCODING,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates number of Encoding engines present on GPU.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_NUM_ENCODER_ENGINES,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates single slice intra refresh support.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SINGLE_SLICE_INTRA_REFRESH,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates encoding without advancing the state support.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_DISABLE_ENC_STATE_ADVANCE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates reconstructed output support.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_OUTPUT_RECON_SURFACE,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates encoded frame output stats support for every block. Block represents a CTB for HEVC, macroblock for H.264 and super block for AV1.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_OUTPUT_BLOCK_STATS,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates encoded frame output stats support for every row. Row represents a CTB row for HEVC, macroblock row for H.264 and super block row for AV1.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_OUTPUT_ROW_STATS,
+
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates temporal filtering support.
+     */
+     NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_TEMPORAL_FILTER,
+
+    /**
+     * Maximum Lookahead level supported (See ::NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL for details).
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL,
+
+    /**
+     * Indicates UnidirectionalB support.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_UNIDIRECTIONAL_B,
+
+     /**
+     * Reserved - Not to be used by clients.
+     */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS_EXPOSED_COUNT
+
+} NV_ENC_CAPS;
+
+/**
+ *  HEVC CU SIZE
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE
+{
+    NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE_AUTOSELECT = 0,
+    NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE_8x8        = 1,
+    NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE_16x16      = 2,
+    NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE_32x32      = 3,
+    NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE_64x64      = 4,
+}NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE;
+
+/**
+*  AV1 PART SIZE
+*/
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE
+{
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE_AUTOSELECT    = 0,
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE_4x4           = 1,
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE_8x8           = 2,
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE_16x16         = 3,
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE_32x32         = 4,
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE_64x64         = 5,
+}NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE;
+
+/**
+*  Enums related to fields in VUI parameters.
+*/
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT
+{
+    NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT_COMPONENT   = 0,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT_PAL         = 1,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT_NTSC        = 2,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT_SECAM       = 3,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT_MAC         = 4,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT_UNSPECIFIED = 5,
+}NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT;
+
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES
+{
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_UNDEFINED   = 0,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_BT709       = 1,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_UNSPECIFIED = 2,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_RESERVED    = 3,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_BT470M      = 4,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_BT470BG     = 5,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_SMPTE170M   = 6,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_SMPTE240M   = 7,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_FILM        = 8,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_BT2020      = 9,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_SMPTE428    = 10,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_SMPTE431    = 11,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_SMPTE432    = 12,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES_JEDEC_P22   = 22,
+}NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES;
+
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC
+{
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_UNDEFINED     = 0,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_BT709         = 1,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_UNSPECIFIED   = 2,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_RESERVED      = 3,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_BT470M        = 4,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_BT470BG       = 5,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_SMPTE170M     = 6,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_SMPTE240M     = 7,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_LINEAR        = 8,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_LOG           = 9,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_LOG_SQRT      = 10,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_IEC61966_2_4  = 11,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_BT1361_ECG    = 12,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_SRGB          = 13,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_BT2020_10     = 14,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_BT2020_12     = 15,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_SMPTE2084     = 16,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_SMPTE428      = 17,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC_ARIB_STD_B67  = 18,
+}NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC;
+
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS
+{
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_RGB         = 0,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_BT709       = 1,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_UNSPECIFIED = 2,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_RESERVED    = 3,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_FCC         = 4,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_BT470BG     = 5,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_SMPTE170M   = 6,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_SMPTE240M   = 7,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_YCGCO       = 8,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_BT2020_NCL  = 9,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_BT2020_CL   = 10,
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS_SMPTE2085   = 11,
+}NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS;
+
+
+/**
+*  Enum for Lookahead level.
+*/
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL
+{
+    NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL_0             = 0,
+    NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL_1             = 1,
+    NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL_2             = 2,
+    NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL_3             = 3,
+    NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL_AUTOSELECT    = 15,
+}NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL;
+
+/**
+* Enum for Bit Depth
+*/
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH
+{
+    NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_INVALID             = 0,         /**< Invalid Bit Depth */
+    NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_8                   = 8,         /**< Bit Depth 8 */
+    NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_10                  = 10,        /**< Bit Depth 10 */
+}NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH;
+
+/**
+ * Input struct for querying Encoding capabilities.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM
+{
+    uint32_t version;                                  /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM_VER */
+    NV_ENC_CAPS  capsToQuery;                          /**< [in]: Specifies the encode capability to be queried. Client should pass a member for ::NV_ENC_CAPS enum. */
+    uint32_t reserved[62];                             /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+} NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM;
+
+/** NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+
+/**
+ * Restore encoder state parameters
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t                  version;                 /**< [in]: Struct version. */
+    uint32_t                  bufferIdx;               /**< [in]: State buffer index to which the encoder state will be restored */
+    NV_ENC_STATE_RESTORE_TYPE state;                   /**< [in]: State type to restore */
+    uint32_t                  reserved;                /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR         outputBitstream;         /**< [in]: Specifies the output buffer pointer, for AV1 encode only.
+                                                                  Application must call NvEncRestoreEncoderState() API with _NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS::outputBitstream and
+                                                                  _NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS::completionEvent as input when an earlier call to this API returned "NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_OUTPUT", for AV1 encode. */
+    void*                     completionEvent;         /**< [in]: Specifies the completion event when asynchronous mode of encoding is enabled. Used for AV1 encode only. */
+    uint32_t                  reserved1[64];           /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                     reserved2[64];           /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS;
+
+/** NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2)
+
+/**
+ * Encoded frame information parameters for every block.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK
+{
+   uint32_t                 version;                /**< [in]: Struct version */
+   uint8_t                  QP;                     /**< [out]: QP of the block */
+   uint8_t                  reserved[3];            /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+   uint32_t                 bitcount;               /**< [out]: Bitcount of the block */
+   uint32_t                 reserved1[13];          /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+} NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK;
+
+/** NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/**
+ * Encoded frame information parameters for every row.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_ROW
+{
+   uint32_t                 version;                /**< [in]: Struct version */
+   uint8_t                  QP;                     /**< [out]: QP of the row */
+   uint8_t                  reserved[3];            /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+   uint32_t                 bitcount;               /**< [out]: Bitcount of the row */
+   uint32_t                 reserved1[13];          /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+} NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_ROW;
+
+/** NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_ROW struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_ROW_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/**
+ * Encoder Output parameters
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_ENCODE_OUT_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t                  version;                 /**< [out]: Struct version. */
+    uint32_t                  bitstreamSizeInBytes;    /**< [out]: Encoded bitstream size in bytes */
+    uint32_t                  reserved[62];            /**< [out]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+} NV_ENC_ENCODE_OUT_PARAMS;
+
+/** NV_ENC_ENCODE_OUT_PARAMS struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_ENCODE_OUT_PARAMS_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/**
+ * Lookahead picture parameters
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_PIC_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t                  version;                 /**< [in]: Struct version. */
+    uint32_t                  reserved;                /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR          inputBuffer;             /**< [in]: Specifies the input buffer pointer. Client must use a pointer obtained from ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() or ::NvEncMapInputResource() APIs.*/
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE           pictureType;             /**< [in]: Specifies input picture type. Client required to be set explicitly by the client if the client has not set NV_ENC_INITALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD to 1 while calling NvInitializeEncoder. */
+    uint32_t                  reserved1[63];            /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                     reserved2[64];           /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_PIC_PARAMS;
+
+/** NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_PIC_PARAMS struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_PIC_PARAMS_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2)
+
+/**
+ * Creation parameters for input buffer.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER
+{
+    uint32_t                  version;                 /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER_VER */
+    uint32_t                  width;                   /**< [in]: Input frame width */
+    uint32_t                  height;                  /**< [in]: Input frame height */
+    NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP        memoryHeap;              /**< [in]: Deprecated. Do not use */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT      bufferFmt;               /**< [in]: Input buffer format */
+    uint32_t                  reserved;                /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR          inputBuffer;             /**< [out]: Pointer to input buffer */
+    void*                     pSysMemBuffer;           /**< [in]: Pointer to existing system memory buffer */
+    uint32_t                  reserved1[58];           /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                     reserved2[63];           /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER;
+
+/** NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2)
+
+/**
+ * Creation parameters for output bitstream buffer.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER
+{
+    uint32_t              version;                     /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER_VER */
+    uint32_t              size;                        /**< [in]: Deprecated. Do not use */
+    NV_ENC_MEMORY_HEAP    memoryHeap;                  /**< [in]: Deprecated. Do not use */
+    uint32_t              reserved;                    /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR     bitstreamBuffer;             /**< [out]: Pointer to the output bitstream buffer */
+    void*                 bitstreamBufferPtr;          /**< [out]: Reserved and should not be used */
+    uint32_t              reserved1[58];               /**< [in]: Reserved and should be set to 0 */
+    void*                 reserved2[64];               /**< [in]: Reserved and should be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER;
+
+/** NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER struct version. */
+#define NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/**
+ * Structs needed for ME only mode.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_MVECTOR
+{
+    int16_t             mvx;               /**< the x component of MV in quarter-pel units */
+    int16_t             mvy;               /**< the y component of MV in quarter-pel units */
+} NV_ENC_MVECTOR;
+
+/**
+ * Motion vector structure per macroblock for H264 motion estimation.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_H264_MV_DATA
+{
+    NV_ENC_MVECTOR      mv[4];             /**< up to 4 vectors for 8x8 partition */
+    uint8_t             mbType;            /**< 0 (I), 1 (P), 2 (IPCM), 3 (B) */
+    uint8_t             partitionType;     /**< Specifies the block partition type. 0:16x16, 1:8x8, 2:16x8, 3:8x16 */
+    uint16_t            reserved;          /**< reserved padding for alignment */
+    uint32_t            mbCost;
+} NV_ENC_H264_MV_DATA;
+
+/**
+ * Motion vector structure per CU for HEVC motion estimation.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_HEVC_MV_DATA
+{
+    NV_ENC_MVECTOR    mv[4];               /**< up to 4 vectors within a CU */
+    uint8_t           cuType;              /**< 0 (I), 1(P) */
+    uint8_t           cuSize;              /**< 0: 8x8, 1: 16x16, 2: 32x32, 3: 64x64 */
+    uint8_t           partitionMode;       /**< The CU partition mode
+                                                0 (2Nx2N), 1 (2NxN), 2(Nx2N), 3 (NxN),
+                                                4 (2NxnU), 5 (2NxnD), 6(nLx2N), 7 (nRx2N) */
+    uint8_t           lastCUInCTB;         /**< Marker to separate CUs in the current CTB from CUs in the next CTB */
+} NV_ENC_HEVC_MV_DATA;
+
+/**
+ * Creation parameters for output motion vector buffer for ME only mode.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER
+{
+    uint32_t            version;           /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER_VER */
+    uint32_t            reserved;          /**< [in]: Reserved and should be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR   mvBuffer;          /**< [out]: Pointer to the output motion vector buffer */
+    uint32_t            reserved1[254];    /**< [in]: Reserved and should be set to 0 */
+    void*               reserved2[63];     /**< [in]: Reserved and should be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER;
+
+/** NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER struct version*/
+#define NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2)
+
+/**
+ * QP value for frames
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_QP
+{
+    uint32_t        qpInterP;     /**< [in]: Specifies QP value for P-frame. Even though this field is uint32_t for legacy reasons, the client should treat this as a signed parameter(int32_t) for cases in which negative QP values are to be specified. */
+    uint32_t        qpInterB;     /**< [in]: Specifies QP value for B-frame. Even though this field is uint32_t for legacy reasons, the client should treat this as a signed parameter(int32_t) for cases in which negative QP values are to be specified. */
+    uint32_t        qpIntra;      /**< [in]: Specifies QP value for Intra Frame. Even though this field is uint32_t for legacy reasons, the client should treat this as a signed parameter(int32_t) for cases in which negative QP values are to be specified. */
+} NV_ENC_QP;
+
+/**
+ * Rate Control Configuration Parameters
+ */
+ typedef struct _NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS
+ {
+    uint32_t                        version;
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_MODE           rateControlMode;                             /**< [in]: Specifies the rate control mode. Check support for various rate control modes using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORTED_RATECONTROL_MODES caps. */
+    NV_ENC_QP                       constQP;                                     /**< [in]: Specifies the initial QP to be used for encoding, these values would be used for all frames if in Constant QP mode. */
+    uint32_t                        averageBitRate;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the average bitrate(in bits/sec) used for encoding. */
+    uint32_t                        maxBitRate;                                  /**< [in]: Specifies the maximum bitrate for the encoded output. This is used for VBR and ignored for CBR mode. */
+    uint32_t                        vbvBufferSize;                               /**< [in]: Specifies the VBV(HRD) buffer size. in bits. Set 0 to use the default VBV  buffer size. */
+    uint32_t                        vbvInitialDelay;                             /**< [in]: Specifies the VBV(HRD) initial delay in bits. Set 0 to use the default VBV  initial delay .*/
+    uint32_t                        enableMinQP          :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 if minimum QP used for rate control. */
+    uint32_t                        enableMaxQP          :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 if maximum QP used for rate control. */
+    uint32_t                        enableInitialRCQP    :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 if user supplied initial QP is used for rate control. */
+    uint32_t                        enableAQ             :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable adaptive quantization (Spatial). */
+    uint32_t                        reservedBitField1    :1;                     /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields and must be set to 0. */
+    uint32_t                        enableLookahead      :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable lookahead with depth <lookaheadDepth> (if lookahead is enabled, input frames must remain available to the encoder until encode completion) */
+    uint32_t                        disableIadapt        :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to disable adaptive I-frame insertion at scene cuts (only has an effect when lookahead is enabled) */
+    uint32_t                        disableBadapt        :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to disable adaptive B-frame decision (only has an effect when lookahead is enabled) */
+    uint32_t                        enableTemporalAQ     :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable temporal AQ */
+    uint32_t                        zeroReorderDelay     :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to indicate zero latency operation (no reordering delay, num_reorder_frames=0) */
+    uint32_t                        enableNonRefP        :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable automatic insertion of non-reference P-frames (no effect if enablePTD=0) */
+    uint32_t                        strictGOPTarget      :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to minimize GOP-to-GOP rate fluctuations */
+    uint32_t                        aqStrength           :4;                     /**< [in]: When AQ (Spatial) is enabled (i.e. NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::enableAQ is set), this field is used to specify AQ strength. AQ strength scale is from 1 (low) - 15 (aggressive).
+                                                                                            If not set, strength is auto selected by driver. */
+    uint32_t                        enableExtLookahead   :1;                     /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable lookahead externally.
+                                                                                            Application must call NvEncLookahead() for NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::lookaheadDepth number of frames,
+                                                                                            before calling NvEncEncodePicture() for the first frame */
+    uint32_t                        reservedBitFields    :15;                    /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_QP                       minQP;                                       /**< [in]: Specifies the minimum QP used for rate control. Client must set NV_ENC_CONFIG::enableMinQP to 1. */
+    NV_ENC_QP                       maxQP;                                       /**< [in]: Specifies the maximum QP used for rate control. Client must set NV_ENC_CONFIG::enableMaxQP to 1. */
+    NV_ENC_QP                       initialRCQP;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the initial QP hint used for rate control. The parameter is just used as hint to influence the QP difference between I,P and B frames.
+                                                                                            Client must set NV_ENC_CONFIG::enableInitialRCQP to 1. */
+    uint32_t                        temporallayerIdxMask;                        /**< [in]: Specifies the temporal layers (as a bitmask) whose QPs have changed. Valid max bitmask is [2^NV_ENC_CAPS_NUM_MAX_TEMPORAL_LAYERS - 1].
+                                                                                            Applicable only for constant QP mode (NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::rateControlMode = NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_CONSTQP). */
+    uint8_t                         temporalLayerQP[8];                          /**< [in]: Specifies the temporal layer QPs used for rate control. Temporal layer index is used as the array index.
+                                                                                            Applicable only for constant QP mode (NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::rateControlMode = NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_CONSTQP). */
+    uint8_t                         targetQuality;                               /**< [in]: Target CQ (Constant Quality) level for VBR mode (range 0-51 with 0-automatic)  */
+    uint8_t                         targetQualityLSB;                            /**< [in]: Fractional part of target quality (as 8.8 fixed point format) */
+    uint16_t                        lookaheadDepth;                              /**< [in]: Maximum depth of lookahead with range 0-(31 - number of B frames).
+                                                                                            lookaheadDepth is only used if enableLookahead=1.*/
+    uint8_t                         lowDelayKeyFrameScale;                       /**< [in]: Specifies the ratio of I frame bits to P frame bits in case of single frame VBV and CBR rate control mode,
+                                                                                            is set to 2 by default for low latency tuning info and 1 by default for ultra low latency tuning info  */
+    int8_t                          yDcQPIndexOffset;                            /**< [in]: Specifies the value of 'deltaQ_y_dc' in AV1.*/
+    int8_t                          uDcQPIndexOffset;                            /**< [in]: Specifies the value of 'deltaQ_u_dc' in AV1.*/
+    int8_t                          vDcQPIndexOffset;                            /**< [in]: Specifies the value of 'deltaQ_v_dc' in AV1 (for future use only - deltaQ_v_dc is currently always internally set to same value as deltaQ_u_dc). */
+    NV_ENC_QP_MAP_MODE              qpMapMode;                                   /**< [in]: This flag is used to interpret values in array specified by NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap.
+                                                                                            Set this to NV_ENC_QP_MAP_EMPHASIS to treat values specified by NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap as Emphasis Level Map.
+                                                                                            Emphasis Level can be assigned any value specified in enum NV_ENC_EMPHASIS_MAP_LEVEL.
+                                                                                            Emphasis Level Map is used to specify regions to be encoded at varying levels of quality.
+                                                                                            The hardware encoder adjusts the quantization within the image as per the provided emphasis map,
+                                                                                            by adjusting the quantization parameter (QP) assigned to each macroblock. This adjustment is commonly called "Delta QP".
+                                                                                            The adjustment depends on the absolute QP decided by the rate control algorithm, and is applied after the rate control has decided each macroblock's QP.
+                                                                                            Since the Delta QP overrides rate control, enabling Emphasis Level Map may violate bitrate and VBV buffer size constraints.
+                                                                                            Emphasis Level Map is useful in situations where client has a priori knowledge of the image complexity (e.g. via use of NVFBC's Classification feature) and encoding those high-complexity areas at higher quality (lower QP) is important, even at the possible cost of violating bitrate/VBV buffer size constraints
+                                                                                            This feature is not supported when AQ( Spatial/Temporal) is enabled.
+                                                                                            This feature is only supported for H264 codec currently.
+
+                                                                                            Set this to NV_ENC_QP_MAP_DELTA to treat values specified by NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap as QP Delta. This specifies QP modifier to be applied on top of the QP chosen by rate control
+
+                                                                                            Set this to NV_ENC_QP_MAP_DISABLED to ignore NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap values. In this case, qpDeltaMap should be set to NULL.
+
+                                                                                            Other values are reserved for future use.*/
+    NV_ENC_MULTI_PASS               multiPass;                                    /**< [in]: This flag is used to enable multi-pass encoding for a given ::NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_MODE. This flag is not valid for H264 and HEVC MEOnly mode */
+    uint32_t                        alphaLayerBitrateRatio;                       /**< [in]: Specifies the ratio in which bitrate should be split between base and alpha layer. A value 'x' for this field will split the target bitrate in a ratio of x : 1 between base and alpha layer.
+                                                                                             The default split ratio is 15.*/
+    int8_t                          cbQPIndexOffset;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the value of 'chroma_qp_index_offset' in H264 / 'pps_cb_qp_offset' in HEVC / 'deltaQ_u_ac' in AV1.*/
+    int8_t                          crQPIndexOffset;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the value of 'second_chroma_qp_index_offset' in H264 / 'pps_cr_qp_offset' in HEVC / 'deltaQ_v_ac' in AV1 (for future use only - deltaQ_v_ac is currently always internally set to same value as deltaQ_u_ac). */
+    uint16_t                        reserved2;
+    NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_LEVEL          lookaheadLevel;                               /**< [in]: Specifies the lookahead level. Higher level may improve quality at the expense of performance. */
+    uint32_t                        reserved[3];
+ } NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS;
+
+/** macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS */
+#define NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+#define MAX_NUM_CLOCK_TS    3
+
+/**
+* Clock Timestamp set parameters
+* For H264, this structure is used to populate Picture Timing SEI when NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::enableTimeCode is set to 1.
+* For HEVC, this structure is used to populate Time Code SEI when NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC::enableTimeCodeSEI is set to 1.
+* For more details, refer to Annex D of ITU-T Specification.
+*/
+
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CLOCK_TIMESTAMP_SET
+{
+    uint32_t        countingType            : 1;    /**< [in] Specifies the 'counting_type' */
+    uint32_t        discontinuityFlag       : 1;    /**< [in] Specifies the 'discontinuity_flag' */
+    uint32_t        cntDroppedFrames        : 1;    /**< [in] Specifies the 'cnt_dropped_flag' */
+    uint32_t        nFrames                 : 8;    /**< [in] Specifies the value of 'n_frames' */
+    uint32_t        secondsValue            : 6;    /**< [in] Specifies the 'seconds_value' */
+    uint32_t        minutesValue            : 6;    /**< [in] Specifies the 'minutes_value' */
+    uint32_t        hoursValue              : 5;    /**< [in] Specifies the 'hours_value' */
+    uint32_t        reserved2               : 4;    /**< [in] Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t        timeOffset;                     /**< [in] Specifies the 'time_offset_value' */
+} NV_ENC_CLOCK_TIMESTAMP_SET;
+
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_TIME_CODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_DISPLAY_PIC_STRUCT       displayPicStruct;                   /**< [in] Display picStruct */
+    NV_ENC_CLOCK_TIMESTAMP_SET      clockTimestamp[MAX_NUM_CLOCK_TS];   /**< [in] Clock Timestamp set */
+    uint32_t                        skipClockTimestampInsertion;        /**< [in] 0 : Inserts Clock Timestamp if NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::enableTimeCode (H264) or
+                                                                                      NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC::outputTimeCodeSEI (HEVC) is specified
+                                                                                  1 : Skips insertion of Clock Timestamp for current frame */
+} NV_ENC_TIME_CODE;
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_VUI_PARAMETERS
+ * H264 Video Usability Info parameters
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_VUI_PARAMETERS
+{
+    uint32_t                            overscanInfoPresentFlag;        /**< [in]: If set to 1 , it specifies that the overscanInfo is present */
+    uint32_t                            overscanInfo;                   /**< [in]: Specifies the overscan info(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification). */
+    uint32_t                            videoSignalTypePresentFlag;     /**< [in]: If set to 1, it specifies  that the videoFormat, videoFullRangeFlag and colourDescriptionPresentFlag are present. */
+    NV_ENC_VUI_VIDEO_FORMAT             videoFormat;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the source video format(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification).*/
+    uint32_t                            videoFullRangeFlag;             /**< [in]: Specifies the output range of the luma and chroma samples(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification). */
+    uint32_t                            colourDescriptionPresentFlag;   /**< [in]: If set to 1, it specifies that the colourPrimaries, transferCharacteristics and colourMatrix are present. */
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES          colourPrimaries;                /**< [in]: Specifies color primaries for converting to RGB(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification) */
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC  transferCharacteristics;        /**< [in]: Specifies the opto-electronic transfer characteristics to use (as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification) */
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS            colourMatrix;                   /**< [in]: Specifies the matrix coefficients used in deriving the luma and chroma from the RGB primaries (as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification). */
+    uint32_t                            chromaSampleLocationFlag;       /**< [in]: If set to 1 , it specifies that the chromaSampleLocationTop and chromaSampleLocationBot are present.*/
+    uint32_t                            chromaSampleLocationTop;        /**< [in]: Specifies the chroma sample location for top field(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification) */
+    uint32_t                            chromaSampleLocationBot;        /**< [in]: Specifies the chroma sample location for bottom field(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification) */
+    uint32_t                            bitstreamRestrictionFlag;       /**< [in]: If set to 1, it specifies the bitstream restriction parameters are present in the bitstream.*/
+    uint32_t                            timingInfoPresentFlag;          /**< [in]: If set to 1, it specifies that the timingInfo is present and the 'numUnitInTicks' and 'timeScale' fields are specified by the application. */
+                                                                        /**< [in]: If not set, the timingInfo may still be present with timing related fields calculated internally basedon the frame rate specified by the application. */
+    uint32_t                            numUnitInTicks;                 /**< [in]: Specifies the number of time units of the clock(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification). */
+    uint32_t                            timeScale;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the frquency of the clock(as defined in Annex E of the ITU-T Specification). */
+    uint32_t                            reserved[12];                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+}NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_VUI_PARAMETERS;
+
+typedef NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_VUI_PARAMETERS NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC_VUI_PARAMETERS;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT_COUNTS_PER_BLOCKTYPE
+ * External motion vector hint counts per block type.
+ * H264 and AV1 support multiple hint while HEVC supports one hint for each valid candidate.
+ */
+typedef struct _NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT_COUNTS_PER_BLOCKTYPE
+{
+    uint32_t   numCandsPerBlk16x16                   : 4;   /**< [in]: Supported for H264, HEVC. It Specifies the number of candidates per 16x16 block. */
+    uint32_t   numCandsPerBlk16x8                    : 4;   /**< [in]: Supported for H264 only. Specifies the number of candidates per 16x8 block. */
+    uint32_t   numCandsPerBlk8x16                    : 4;   /**< [in]: Supported for H264 only. Specifies the number of candidates per 8x16 block. */
+    uint32_t   numCandsPerBlk8x8                     : 4;   /**< [in]: Supported for H264, HEVC. Specifies the number of candidates per 8x8 block. */
+    uint32_t   numCandsPerSb                         : 8;   /**< [in]: Supported for AV1 only. Specifies the number of candidates per SB. */
+    uint32_t   reserved                              : 8;   /**< [in]: Reserved for padding. */
+    uint32_t   reserved1[3];                                /**< [in]: Reserved for future use. */
+} NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT_COUNTS_PER_BLOCKTYPE;
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT
+ * External Motion Vector hint structure for H264 and HEVC.
+ */
+typedef struct _NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT
+{
+    int32_t    mvx         : 12;                        /**< [in]: Specifies the x component of integer pixel MV (relative to current MB) S12.0. */
+    int32_t    mvy         : 10;                        /**< [in]: Specifies the y component of integer pixel MV (relative to current MB) S10.0 .*/
+    int32_t    refidx      : 5;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the reference index (31=invalid). Current we support only 1 reference frame per direction for external hints, so \p refidx must be 0. */
+    int32_t    dir         : 1;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the direction of motion estimation . 0=L0 1=L1.*/
+    int32_t    partType    : 2;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the block partition type.0=16x16 1=16x8 2=8x16 3=8x8 (blocks in partition must be consecutive).*/
+    int32_t    lastofPart  : 1;                         /**< [in]: Set to 1 for the last MV of (sub) partition  */
+    int32_t    lastOfMB    : 1;                         /**< [in]: Set to 1 for the last MV of macroblock. */
+} NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_SB_HINT
+ * External Motion Vector SB hint structure for AV1
+ */
+typedef struct _NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_SB_HINT
+{
+    int16_t    refidx         : 5;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the reference index (31=invalid) */
+    int16_t    direction      : 1;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the direction of motion estimation . 0=L0 1=L1.*/
+    int16_t    bi             : 1;                      /**< [in]: Specifies reference mode 0=single mv, 1=compound mv */
+    int16_t    partition_type : 3;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the partition type: 0: 2NX2N, 1:2NxN, 2:Nx2N. reserved 3bits for future modes */
+    int16_t    x8             : 3;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the current partition's top left x position in 8 pixel unit */
+    int16_t    last_of_cu     : 1;                      /**< [in]: Set to 1 for the last MV current CU */
+    int16_t    last_of_sb     : 1;                      /**< [in]: Set to 1 for the last MV of current SB */
+    int16_t    reserved0      : 1;                      /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    int16_t    mvx            : 14;                     /**< [in]: Specifies the x component of integer pixel MV (relative to current MB) S12.2. */
+    int16_t    cu_size        : 2;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the CU size: 0: 8x8, 1: 16x16, 2:32x32, 3:64x64 */
+    int16_t    mvy            : 12;                     /**< [in]: Specifies the y component of integer pixel MV (relative to current MB) S10.2 .*/
+    int16_t    y8             : 3;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the current partition's top left y position in 8 pixel unit */
+    int16_t    reserved1      : 1;                      /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+} NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_SB_HINT;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264
+ * H264 encoder configuration parameters
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264
+{
+    uint32_t enableTemporalSVC         :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable SVC temporal*/
+    uint32_t enableStereoMVC           :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable stereo MVC*/
+    uint32_t hierarchicalPFrames       :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable hierarchical P Frames */
+    uint32_t hierarchicalBFrames       :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable hierarchical B Frames */
+    uint32_t outputBufferingPeriodSEI  :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to write SEI buffering period syntax in the bitstream */
+    uint32_t outputPictureTimingSEI    :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to write SEI picture timing syntax in the bitstream. */
+    uint32_t outputAUD                 :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to write access unit delimiter syntax in bitstream */
+    uint32_t disableSPSPPS             :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to disable writing of Sequence and Picture parameter info in bitstream */
+    uint32_t outputFramePackingSEI     :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable writing of frame packing arrangement SEI messages to bitstream */
+    uint32_t outputRecoveryPointSEI    :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable writing of recovery point SEI message */
+    uint32_t enableIntraRefresh        :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable gradual decoder refresh or intra refresh. If the GOP structure uses B frames this will be ignored */
+    uint32_t enableConstrainedEncoding :1;                          /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable constrainedFrame encoding where each slice in the constrained picture is independent of other slices.
+                                                                               Constrained encoding works only with rectangular slices.
+                                                                               Check support for constrained encoding using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_CONSTRAINED_ENCODING caps. */
+    uint32_t repeatSPSPPS              :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable writing of Sequence and Picture parameter for every IDR frame */
+    uint32_t enableVFR                 :1;                          /**< [in]: Setting enableVFR=1 currently only sets the fixed_frame_rate_flag=0 in the VUI but otherwise
+                                                                               has no impact on the encoder behavior. For more details please refer to E.1 VUI syntax of H.264 standard. Note, however, that NVENC does not support VFR encoding and rate control. */
+    uint32_t enableLTR                 :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable LTR (Long Term Reference) frame support. LTR can be used in two modes: "LTR Trust" mode and "LTR Per Picture" mode.
+                                                                               LTR Trust mode: In this mode, ltrNumFrames pictures after IDR are automatically marked as LTR. This mode is enabled by setting ltrTrustMode = 1.
+                                                                                               Use of LTR Trust mode is strongly discouraged as this mode may be deprecated in future.
+                                                                               LTR Per Picture mode: In this mode, client can control whether the current picture should be marked as LTR. Enable this mode by setting
+                                                                                                     ltrTrustMode = 0 and ltrMarkFrame = 1 for the picture to be marked as LTR. This is the preferred mode
+                                                                                                     for using LTR.
+                                                                               Note that LTRs are not supported if encoding session is configured with B-frames */
+    uint32_t qpPrimeYZeroTransformBypassFlag :1;                    /**< [in]: To enable lossless encode set this to 1, set QP to 0 and RC_mode to NV_ENC_PARAMS_RC_CONSTQP and profile to HIGH_444_PREDICTIVE_PROFILE.
+                                                                               Check support for lossless encoding using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_LOSSLESS_ENCODE caps.  */
+    uint32_t useConstrainedIntraPred   :1;                          /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable constrained intra prediction. */
+    uint32_t enableFillerDataInsertion :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable insertion of filler data in the bitstream.
+                                                                               This flag will take effect only when CBR rate control mode is in use and both
+                                                                               NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::frameRateNum and
+                                                                               NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::frameRateDen are set to non-zero
+                                                                               values. Setting this field when
+                                                                               NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputInVidmem is also set
+                                                                               is currently not supported and will make ::NvEncInitializeEncoder()
+                                                                               return an error. */
+    uint32_t disableSVCPrefixNalu      :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to disable writing of SVC Prefix NALU preceding each slice in bitstream.
+                                                                               Applicable only when temporal SVC is enabled (NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::enableTemporalSVC = 1). */
+    uint32_t enableScalabilityInfoSEI  :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable writing of Scalability Information SEI message preceding each IDR picture in bitstream
+                                                                               Applicable only when temporal SVC is enabled (NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::enableTemporalSVC = 1). */
+    uint32_t singleSliceIntraRefresh   :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to maintain single slice in frames during intra refresh.
+                                                                               Check support for single slice intra refresh using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SINGLE_SLICE_INTRA_REFRESH caps.
+                                                                               This flag will be ignored if the value returned for ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SINGLE_SLICE_INTRA_REFRESH caps is false. */
+    uint32_t enableTimeCode            :1;                          /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable writing of clock timestamp sets in picture timing SEI.  Note that this flag will be ignored for D3D12 interface. */
+    uint32_t reservedBitFields         :10;                         /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t level;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the encoding level. Client is recommended to set this to NV_ENC_LEVEL_AUTOSELECT in order to enable the NvEncodeAPI interface to select the correct level. */
+    uint32_t idrPeriod;                                             /**< [in]: Specifies the IDR interval. If not set, this is made equal to gopLength in NV_ENC_CONFIG.Low latency application client can set IDR interval to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH so that IDR frames are not inserted automatically. */
+    uint32_t separateColourPlaneFlag;                               /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable 4:4:4 separate colour planes */
+    uint32_t disableDeblockingFilterIDC;                            /**< [in]: Specifies the deblocking filter mode. Permissible value range: [0,2]. This flag corresponds
+                                                                               to the flag disable_deblocking_filter_idc specified in section 7.4.3 of H.264 specification,
+                                                                               which specifies whether the operation of the deblocking filter shall be disabled across some
+                                                                               block edges of the slice and specifies for which edges the filtering is disabled. See section
+                                                                               7.4.3 of H.264 specification for more details.*/
+    uint32_t numTemporalLayers;                                     /**< [in]: Specifies number of temporal layers to be used for hierarchical coding / temporal SVC. Valid value range is [1,::NV_ENC_CAPS_NUM_MAX_TEMPORAL_LAYERS] */
+    uint32_t spsId;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the SPS id of the sequence header */
+    uint32_t ppsId;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the PPS id of the picture header */
+    NV_ENC_H264_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM_MODE adaptiveTransformMode;      /**< [in]: Specifies the AdaptiveTransform Mode. Check support for AdaptiveTransform mode using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_ADAPTIVE_TRANSFORM caps. */
+    NV_ENC_H264_FMO_MODE                fmoMode;                    /**< [in]: Specified the FMO Mode. Check support for FMO using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_FMO caps. */
+    NV_ENC_H264_BDIRECT_MODE            bdirectMode;                /**< [in]: Specifies the BDirect mode. Check support for BDirect mode using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_BDIRECT_MODE caps.*/
+    NV_ENC_H264_ENTROPY_CODING_MODE     entropyCodingMode;          /**< [in]: Specifies the entropy coding mode. Check support for CABAC mode using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_CABAC caps. */
+    NV_ENC_STEREO_PACKING_MODE          stereoMode;                 /**< [in]: Specifies the stereo frame packing mode which is to be signaled in frame packing arrangement SEI */
+    uint32_t                            intraRefreshPeriod;         /**< [in]: Specifies the interval between successive intra refresh if enableIntrarefresh is set. Requires enableIntraRefresh to be set.
+                                                                               Will be disabled if NV_ENC_CONFIG::gopLength is not set to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH. */
+    uint32_t                            intraRefreshCnt;            /**< [in]: Specifies the length of intra refresh in number of frames for periodic intra refresh. This value should be smaller than intraRefreshPeriod */
+    uint32_t                            maxNumRefFrames;            /**< [in]: Specifies the DPB size used for encoding. Setting it to 0 will let driver use the default DPB size.
+                                                                               The low latency application which wants to invalidate reference frame as an error resilience tool
+                                                                               is recommended to use a large DPB size so that the encoder can keep old reference frames which can be used if recent
+                                                                               frames are invalidated. */
+    uint32_t                            sliceMode;                  /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with sliceModeData specifies the way in which the picture is divided into slices
+                                                                               sliceMode = 0 MB based slices, sliceMode = 1 Byte based slices, sliceMode = 2 MB row based slices, sliceMode = 3 numSlices in Picture.
+                                                                               When forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt is set it will have priority over sliceMode setting
+                                                                               When sliceMode == 0 and sliceModeData == 0 whole picture will be coded with one slice */
+    uint32_t                            sliceModeData;              /**< [in]: Specifies the parameter needed for sliceMode. For:
+                                                                               sliceMode = 0, sliceModeData specifies # of MBs in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                               sliceMode = 1, sliceModeData specifies maximum # of bytes in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                               sliceMode = 2, sliceModeData specifies # of MB rows in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                               sliceMode = 3, sliceModeData specifies number of slices in the picture. Driver will divide picture into slices optimally */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_VUI_PARAMETERS   h264VUIParameters;          /**< [in]: Specifies the H264 video usability info parameters */
+    uint32_t                            ltrNumFrames;               /**< [in]: Specifies the number of LTR frames. This parameter has different meaning in two LTR modes.
+                                                                               In "LTR Trust" mode (ltrTrustMode = 1), encoder will mark the first ltrNumFrames base layer reference frames within each IDR interval as LTR.
+                                                                               In "LTR Per Picture" mode (ltrTrustMode = 0 and ltrMarkFrame = 1), ltrNumFrames specifies maximum number of LTR frames in DPB. */
+    uint32_t                            ltrTrustMode;               /**< [in]: Specifies the LTR operating mode. See comments near NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::enableLTR for description of the two modes.
+                                                                               Set to 1 to use "LTR Trust" mode of LTR operation. Clients are discouraged to use "LTR Trust" mode as this mode may
+                                                                               be deprecated in future releases.
+                                                                               Set to 0 when using "LTR Per Picture" mode of LTR operation. */
+    uint32_t                            chromaFormatIDC;            /**< [in]: Specifies the chroma format. Should be set to 1 for yuv420 input, 3 for yuv444 input.
+                                                                               Check support for YUV444 encoding using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_YUV444_ENCODE caps.*/
+    uint32_t                            maxTemporalLayers;          /**< [in]: Specifies the max temporal layer used for temporal SVC / hierarchical coding.
+                                                                               Defaut value of this field is NV_ENC_CAPS::NV_ENC_CAPS_NUM_MAX_TEMPORAL_LAYERS. Note that the value NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::maxNumRefFrames should
+                                                                               be greater than or equal to (NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::maxTemporalLayers - 2) * 2, for NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::maxTemporalLayers >= 2.*/
+    NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE              useBFramesAsRef;            /**< [in]: Specifies the B-Frame as reference mode. Check support for useBFramesAsRef mode using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_BFRAME_REF_MODE caps.*/
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES               numRefL0;                   /**< [in]: Specifies max number of reference frames in reference picture list L0, that can be used by hardware for prediction of a frame.
+                                                                               Check support for numRefL0 using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_MULTIPLE_REF_FRAMES caps. */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES               numRefL1;                   /**< [in]: Specifies max number of reference frames in reference picture list L1, that can be used by hardware for prediction of a frame.
+                                                                               Check support for numRefL1 using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_MULTIPLE_REF_FRAMES caps. */
+    NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH                    outputBitDepth;             /**< [in]: Specifies pixel bit depth of encoded video. Should be set to NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_8 for 8 bit, NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_10 for 10 bit. */
+    NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH                    inputBitDepth;              /**< [in]: Specifies pixel bit depth of video input. Should be set to NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_8 for 8 bit input, NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_10 for 10 bit input. */
+    uint32_t                            reserved1[265];             /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                               reserved2[64];              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC
+ * HEVC encoder configuration parameters to be set during initialization.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC
+{
+    uint32_t level;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the level of the encoded bitstream.*/
+    uint32_t tier;                                                  /**< [in]: Specifies the level tier of the encoded bitstream.*/
+    NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE minCUSize;                                   /**< [in]: Specifies the minimum size of luma coding unit.*/
+    NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE maxCUSize;                                   /**< [in]: Specifies the maximum size of luma coding unit. Currently NVENC SDK only supports maxCUSize equal to NV_ENC_HEVC_CUSIZE_32x32.*/
+    uint32_t useConstrainedIntraPred               :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable constrained intra prediction. */
+    uint32_t disableDeblockAcrossSliceBoundary     :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to disable in loop filtering across slice boundary.*/
+    uint32_t outputBufferingPeriodSEI              :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to write SEI buffering period syntax in the bitstream */
+    uint32_t outputPictureTimingSEI                :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to write SEI picture timing syntax in the bitstream */
+    uint32_t outputAUD                             :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to write Access Unit Delimiter syntax. */
+    uint32_t enableLTR                             :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable LTR (Long Term Reference) frame support. LTR can be used in two modes: "LTR Trust" mode and "LTR Per Picture" mode.
+                                                                               LTR Trust mode: In this mode, ltrNumFrames pictures after IDR are automatically marked as LTR. This mode is enabled by setting ltrTrustMode = 1.
+                                                                                               Use of LTR Trust mode is strongly discouraged as this mode may be deprecated in future releases.
+                                                                               LTR Per Picture mode: In this mode, client can control whether the current picture should be marked as LTR. Enable this mode by setting
+                                                                                                     ltrTrustMode = 0 and ltrMarkFrame = 1 for the picture to be marked as LTR. This is the preferred mode
+                                                                                                     for using LTR.
+                                                                               Note that LTRs are not supported if encoding session is configured with B-frames */
+    uint32_t disableSPSPPS                         :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to disable VPS, SPS and PPS signaling in the bitstream. */
+    uint32_t repeatSPSPPS                          :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to output VPS,SPS and PPS for every IDR frame.*/
+    uint32_t enableIntraRefresh                    :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable gradual decoder refresh or intra refresh. If the GOP structure uses B frames this will be ignored */
+    uint32_t chromaFormatIDC                       :2;              /**< [in]: Specifies the chroma format. Should be set to 1 for yuv420 input, 3 for yuv444 input.*/
+    uint32_t reserved3                             :3;              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0.*/
+    uint32_t enableFillerDataInsertion             :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable insertion of filler data in the bitstream.
+                                                                               This flag will take effect only when CBR rate control mode is in use and both
+                                                                               NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::frameRateNum and
+                                                                               NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::frameRateDen are set to non-zero
+                                                                               values. Setting this field when
+                                                                               NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputInVidmem is also set
+                                                                               is currently not supported and will make ::NvEncInitializeEncoder()
+                                                                               return an error. */
+    uint32_t enableConstrainedEncoding             :1;              /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable constrainedFrame encoding where each slice in the constrained picture is independent of other slices.
+                                                                               Constrained encoding works only with rectangular slices.
+                                                                               Check support for constrained encoding using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_CONSTRAINED_ENCODING caps. */
+    uint32_t enableAlphaLayerEncoding              :1;              /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable HEVC encode with alpha layer. */
+    uint32_t singleSliceIntraRefresh               :1;              /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to maintain single slice frames during intra refresh.
+                                                                               Check support for single slice intra refresh using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SINGLE_SLICE_INTRA_REFRESH caps.
+                                                                               This flag will be ignored if the value returned for ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SINGLE_SLICE_INTRA_REFRESH caps is false. */
+    uint32_t outputRecoveryPointSEI                :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable writing of recovery point SEI message */
+    uint32_t outputTimeCodeSEI                     :1;              /**< [in]: Set 1 to write SEI time code syntax in the bitstream. Note that this flag will be ignored for D3D12 interface.*/
+    uint32_t reserved                              :12;             /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields.*/
+    uint32_t idrPeriod;                                             /**< [in]: Specifies the IDR interval. If not set, this is made equal to gopLength in NV_ENC_CONFIG. Low latency application client can set IDR interval to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH so that IDR frames are not inserted automatically. */
+    uint32_t intraRefreshPeriod;                                    /**< [in]: Specifies the interval between successive intra refresh if enableIntrarefresh is set. Requires enableIntraRefresh to be set.
+                                                                    Will be disabled if NV_ENC_CONFIG::gopLength is not set to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH. */
+    uint32_t intraRefreshCnt;                                       /**< [in]: Specifies the length of intra refresh in number of frames for periodic intra refresh. This value should be smaller than intraRefreshPeriod */
+    uint32_t maxNumRefFramesInDPB;                                  /**< [in]: Specifies the maximum number of references frames in the DPB.*/
+    uint32_t ltrNumFrames;                                          /**< [in]: This parameter has different meaning in two LTR modes.
+                                                                               In "LTR Trust" mode (ltrTrustMode = 1), encoder will mark the first ltrNumFrames base layer reference frames within each IDR interval as LTR.
+                                                                               In "LTR Per Picture" mode (ltrTrustMode = 0 and ltrMarkFrame = 1), ltrNumFrames specifies maximum number of LTR frames in DPB.
+                                                                               These ltrNumFrames acts as a guidance to the encoder and are not necessarily honored. To achieve a right balance between the encoding
+                                                                               quality and keeping LTR frames in the DPB queue, the encoder can internally limit the number of LTR frames.
+                                                                               The number of LTR frames actually used depends upon the encoding preset being used; Faster encoding presets will use fewer LTR frames.*/
+    uint32_t vpsId;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the VPS id of the video parameter set */
+    uint32_t spsId;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the SPS id of the sequence header */
+    uint32_t ppsId;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the PPS id of the picture header */
+    uint32_t sliceMode;                                             /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with sliceModeData specifies the way in which the picture is divided into slices
+                                                                                sliceMode = 0 CTU based slices, sliceMode = 1 Byte based slices, sliceMode = 2 CTU row based slices, sliceMode = 3, numSlices in Picture
+                                                                                When sliceMode == 0 and sliceModeData == 0 whole picture will be coded with one slice */
+    uint32_t sliceModeData;                                         /**< [in]: Specifies the parameter needed for sliceMode. For:
+                                                                                sliceMode = 0, sliceModeData specifies # of CTUs in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                                sliceMode = 1, sliceModeData specifies maximum # of bytes in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                                sliceMode = 2, sliceModeData specifies # of CTU rows in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                                sliceMode = 3, sliceModeData specifies number of slices in the picture. Driver will divide picture into slices optimally */
+    uint32_t maxTemporalLayersMinus1;                               /**< [in]: Specifies the max temporal layer used for hierarchical coding. */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC_VUI_PARAMETERS   hevcVUIParameters;          /**< [in]: Specifies the HEVC video usability info parameters */
+    uint32_t ltrTrustMode;                                          /**< [in]: Specifies the LTR operating mode. See comments near NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC::enableLTR for description of the two modes.
+                                                                               Set to 1 to use "LTR Trust" mode of LTR operation. Clients are discouraged to use "LTR Trust" mode as this mode may
+                                                                               be deprecated in future releases.
+                                                                               Set to 0 when using "LTR Per Picture" mode of LTR operation. */
+    NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE              useBFramesAsRef;            /**< [in]: Specifies the B-Frame as reference mode. Check support for useBFramesAsRef mode using  ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_BFRAME_REF_MODE caps.*/
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES               numRefL0;                   /**< [in]: Specifies max number of reference frames in reference picture list L0, that can be used by hardware for prediction of a frame.
+                                                                               Check support for numRefL0 using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_MULTIPLE_REF_FRAMES caps. */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES               numRefL1;                   /**< [in]: Specifies max number of reference frames in reference picture list L1, that can be used by hardware for prediction of a frame.
+                                                                               Check support for numRefL1 using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_MULTIPLE_REF_FRAMES caps. */
+    NV_ENC_TEMPORAL_FILTER_LEVEL        tfLevel;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the strength of the temporal filtering.
+                                                                               Temporal filter feature is supported only if frameIntervalP >= 5.
+                                                                               Temporal filter feature is not supported with ZeroReorderDelay/enableStereoMVC/AlphaLayerEncoding.
+                                                                               Temporal filter is recommended for natural contents. */
+    uint32_t                            disableDeblockingFilterIDC; /**< [in]: Specifies the deblocking filter mode. Permissible value range: [0,2]. This flag corresponds
+                                                                               to the flag pps_deblocking_filter_disabled_flag specified in section 7.4.3.3 of H.265 specification,
+                                                                               which specifies whether the operation of the deblocking filter shall be disabled across some
+                                                                               block edges of the slice and specifies for which edges the filtering is disabled. See section
+                                                                               7.4.3.3 of H.265 specification for more details.*/
+   NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH                     outputBitDepth;             /**< [in]: Specifies pixel bit depth of encoded video. Should be set to NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_8 for 8 bit, NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_10 for 10 bit.
+                                                                               SW will do the bitdepth conversion internally from inputBitDepth -> outputBitDepth if bit depths differ
+                                                                               Support for 8 bit input to 10 bit encode conversion only*/
+   NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH                     inputBitDepth;              /**< [in]: Specifies pixel bit depth of video input. Should be set to NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_8 for 8 bit input, NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_10 for 10 bit input.*/
+    uint32_t                            reserved1[210];             /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0.*/
+    void*                               reserved2[64];              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC;
+
+#define NV_MAX_TILE_COLS_AV1               64
+#define NV_MAX_TILE_ROWS_AV1               64
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_AV1
+ * AV1 Film Grain Parameters structure
+ */
+
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_AV1
+{
+    uint32_t applyGrain                 :1;                         /**< [in]: Set to 1 to specify film grain should be added to frame */
+    uint32_t chromaScalingFromLuma      :1;                         /**< [in]: Set to 1 to specify the chroma scaling is inferred from luma scaling */
+    uint32_t overlapFlag                :1;                         /**< [in]: Set to 1 to indicate that overlap between film grain blocks should be applied*/
+    uint32_t clipToRestrictedRange      :1;                         /**< [in]: Set to 1 to clip values to restricted (studio) range after adding film grain  */
+    uint32_t grainScalingMinus8         :2;                         /**< [in]: Represents the shift - 8 applied to the values of the chroma component */
+    uint32_t arCoeffLag                 :2;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the number of auto-regressive coefficients for luma and chroma */
+    uint32_t numYPoints                 :4;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the number of points for the piecewise linear scaling function of the luma component */
+    uint32_t numCbPoints                :4;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the number of points for the piecewise linear scaling function of the cb component */
+    uint32_t numCrPoints                :4;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the number of points for the piecewise linear scaling function of the cr component */
+    uint32_t arCoeffShiftMinus6         :2;                         /**< [in]: specifies the range of the auto-regressive coefficients */
+    uint32_t grainScaleShift            :2;                         /**< [in]: Specifies how much the Gaussian random numbers should be scaled down during the grain synthesi process  */
+    uint32_t reserved1                  :8;                         /**< [in]: Reserved bits field - should be set to 0 */
+    uint8_t  pointYValue[14];                                       /**< [in]: pointYValue[i]: x coordinate for i-th point of luma piecewise linear scaling function. Values on a scale of 0...255 */
+    uint8_t  pointYScaling[14];                                     /**< [in]: pointYScaling[i]: i-th point output value of luma piecewise linear scaling function */
+    uint8_t  pointCbValue[10];                                      /**< [in]: pointCbValue[i]: x coordinate for i-th point of cb piecewise linear scaling function. Values on a scale of 0...255 */
+    uint8_t  pointCbScaling[10];                                    /**< [in]: pointCbScaling[i]: i-th point output value of cb piecewise linear scaling function */
+    uint8_t  pointCrValue[10];                                      /**< [in]: pointCrValue[i]: x coordinate for i-th point of cr piecewise linear scaling function. Values on a scale of 0...255 */
+    uint8_t  pointCrScaling[10];                                    /**< [in]: pointCrScaling[i]: i-th point output value of cr piecewise linear scaling function */
+    uint8_t  arCoeffsYPlus128[24];                                  /**< [in]: Specifies auto-regressive coefficients used for the Y plane */
+    uint8_t  arCoeffsCbPlus128[25];                                 /**< [in]: Specifies auto-regressive coefficients used for the U plane */
+    uint8_t  arCoeffsCrPlus128[25];                                 /**< [in]: Specifies auto-regressive coefficients used for the V plane */
+    uint8_t  reserved2[2];                                          /**< [in]: Reserved bytes -  should be set to 0 */
+    uint8_t  cbMult;                                                /**< [in]: Represents a multiplier for the cb component used in derivation of the input index to the cb component scaling function */
+    uint8_t  cbLumaMult;                                            /**< [in]: represents a multiplier for the average luma component used in derivation of the input index to the cb component scaling function. */
+    uint16_t cbOffset;                                              /**< [in]: Represents an offset used in derivation of the input index to the cb component scaling function */
+    uint8_t  crMult;                                                /**< [in]: Represents a multiplier for the cr component used in derivation of the input index to the cr component scaling function */
+    uint8_t  crLumaMult;                                            /**< [in]: represents a multiplier for the average luma component used in derivation of the input index to the cr component scaling function. */
+    uint16_t crOffset;                                              /**< [in]: Represents an offset used in derivation of the input index to the cr component scaling function */
+} NV_ENC_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_AV1;
+
+/**
+* \struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_AV1
+* AV1 encoder configuration parameters to be set during initialization.
+*/
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_AV1
+{
+    uint32_t level;                                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the level of the encoded bitstream.*/
+    uint32_t tier;                                                  /**< [in]: Specifies the level tier of the encoded bitstream.*/
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE minPartSize;                               /**< [in]: Specifies the minimum size of luma coding block partition.*/
+    NV_ENC_AV1_PART_SIZE maxPartSize;                               /**< [in]: Specifies the maximum size of luma coding block partition.*/
+    uint32_t outputAnnexBFormat             : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to use Annex B format for bitstream output.*/
+    uint32_t enableTimingInfo               : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to write Timing Info into sequence/frame headers */
+    uint32_t enableDecoderModelInfo         : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to write Decoder Model Info into sequence/frame headers */
+    uint32_t enableFrameIdNumbers           : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to write Frame id numbers in  bitstream */
+    uint32_t disableSeqHdr                  : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to disable Sequence Header signaling in the bitstream. */
+    uint32_t repeatSeqHdr                   : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to output Sequence Header for every Key frame.*/
+    uint32_t enableIntraRefresh             : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable gradual decoder refresh or intra refresh. If the GOP structure uses B frames this will be ignored */
+    uint32_t chromaFormatIDC                : 2;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the chroma format. Should be set to 1 for yuv420 input (yuv444 input currently not supported).*/
+    uint32_t enableBitstreamPadding         : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable bitstream padding. */
+    uint32_t enableCustomTileConfig         : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable custom tile configuration: numTileColumns and numTileRows must have non zero values and tileWidths and tileHeights must point to a valid address  */
+    uint32_t enableFilmGrainParams          : 1;                    /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable custom film grain parameters: filmGrainParams must point to a valid address  */
+    uint32_t reserved4                      : 6;                    /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0.*/
+    uint32_t reserved                       : 14;                   /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields.*/
+    uint32_t idrPeriod;                                             /**< [in]: Specifies the IDR/Key frame interval. If not set, this is made equal to gopLength in NV_ENC_CONFIG.Low latency application client can set IDR interval to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH so that IDR frames are not inserted automatically. */
+    uint32_t intraRefreshPeriod;                                    /**< [in]: Specifies the interval between successive intra refresh if enableIntrarefresh is set. Requires enableIntraRefresh to be set.
+                                                                               Will be disabled if NV_ENC_CONFIG::gopLength is not set to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH. */
+    uint32_t intraRefreshCnt;                                       /**< [in]: Specifies the length of intra refresh in number of frames for periodic intra refresh. This value should be smaller than intraRefreshPeriod */
+    uint32_t maxNumRefFramesInDPB;                                  /**< [in]: Specifies the maximum number of references frames in the DPB.*/
+    uint32_t numTileColumns;                                        /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with the flag enableCustomTileConfig and the array tileWidths[] specifies the way in which the picture is divided into tile columns.
+                                                                               When enableCustomTileConfig == 0, the picture will be uniformly divided into numTileColumns tile columns. If numTileColumns is not a power of 2,
+                                                                               it will be rounded down to the next power of 2 value. If numTileColumns == 0, the picture will be coded with the smallest number of vertical tiles as allowed by standard.
+                                                                               When enableCustomTileConfig == 1, numTileColumns must be > 0 and <= NV_MAX_TILE_COLS_AV1 and tileWidths must point to a valid array of numTileColumns entries.
+                                                                               Entry i specifies the width in 64x64 CTU unit of tile colum i. The sum of all the entries should be equal to the picture width in 64x64 CTU units. */
+    uint32_t numTileRows;                                           /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with the flag enableCustomTileConfig and the array tileHeights[] specifies the way in which the picture is divided into tiles rows
+                                                                               When enableCustomTileConfig == 0, the picture will be uniformly divided into numTileRows tile rows. If numTileRows is not a power of 2,
+                                                                               it will be rounded down to the next power of 2 value. If numTileRows == 0, the picture will be coded with the smallest number of horizontal tiles as allowed by standard.
+                                                                               When enableCustomTileConfig == 1, numTileRows must be > 0 and <= NV_MAX_TILE_ROWS_AV1 and tileHeights must point to a valid array of numTileRows entries.
+                                                                               Entry i specifies the height in 64x64 CTU unit of tile row i. The sum of all the entries should be equal to the picture hieght in 64x64 CTU units. */
+    uint32_t reserved2;                                             /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0.*/
+    uint32_t *tileWidths;                                           /**< [in]: If enableCustomTileConfig == 1, tileWidths[i] specifies the width of tile column i in 64x64 CTU unit, with 0 <= i <= numTileColumns -1. */
+    uint32_t *tileHeights;                                          /**< [in]: If enableCustomTileConfig == 1, tileHeights[i] specifies the height of tile row i in 64x64 CTU unit, with 0 <= i <= numTileRows -1. */
+    uint32_t maxTemporalLayersMinus1;                               /**< [in]: Specifies the max temporal layer used for hierarchical coding. Cannot be reconfigured and must be specified during encoder creation if temporal layer is considered. */
+    NV_ENC_VUI_COLOR_PRIMARIES colorPrimaries;                      /**< [in]: as defined in section of ISO/IEC 23091-4/ITU-T H.273 */
+    NV_ENC_VUI_TRANSFER_CHARACTERISTIC transferCharacteristics;     /**< [in]: as defined in section of ISO/IEC 23091-4/ITU-T H.273 */
+    NV_ENC_VUI_MATRIX_COEFFS matrixCoefficients;                    /**< [in]: as defined in section of ISO/IEC 23091-4/ITU-T H.273 */
+    uint32_t colorRange;                                            /**< [in]: 0: studio swing representation - 1: full swing representation */
+    uint32_t chromaSamplePosition;                                  /**< [in]: 0: unknown
+                                                                               1: Horizontally collocated with luma (0,0) sample, between two vertical samples
+                                                                               2: Co-located with luma (0,0) sample */
+    NV_ENC_BFRAME_REF_MODE useBFramesAsRef;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the B-Frame as reference mode. Check support for useBFramesAsRef mode using  ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_BFRAME_REF_MODE caps.*/
+    NV_ENC_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_AV1 *filmGrainParams;                  /**< [in]: If enableFilmGrainParams == 1, filmGrainParams must point to a valid NV_ENC_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_AV1 structure */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES  numFwdRefs;                              /**< [in]: Specifies max number of forward reference frame used for prediction of a frame. It must be in range 1-4 (Last, Last2, last3 and Golden). It's a suggestive value not necessarily be honored always. */
+    NV_ENC_NUM_REF_FRAMES  numBwdRefs;                              /**< [in]: Specifies max number of L1 list reference frame used for prediction of a frame. It must be in range 1-3 (Backward, Altref2, Altref). It's a suggestive value not necessarily be honored always. */
+   NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH outputBitDepth;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies pixel bit depth of encoded video. Should be set to NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_8 for 8 bit, NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_10 for 10 bit.
+                                                                               HW will do the bitdepth conversion internally from inputBitDepth -> outputBitDepth if bit depths differ
+                                                                               Support for 8 bit input to 10 bit encode conversion only */
+   NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH inputBitDepth;                                  /**< [in]: Specifies pixel bit depth of video input. Should be set to NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_8 for 8 bit input, NV_ENC_BIT_DEPTH_10 for 10 bit input. */
+    uint32_t reserved1[233];                                        /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0.*/
+    void*    reserved3[62];                                         /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CONFIG_AV1;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_MEONLY
+ * H264 encoder configuration parameters for ME only Mode
+ *
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_MEONLY
+{
+    uint32_t disablePartition16x16 :1;                          /**< [in]: Disable Motion Estimation on 16x16 blocks*/
+    uint32_t disablePartition8x16  :1;                          /**< [in]: Disable Motion Estimation on 8x16 blocks*/
+    uint32_t disablePartition16x8  :1;                          /**< [in]: Disable Motion Estimation on 16x8 blocks*/
+    uint32_t disablePartition8x8   :1;                          /**< [in]: Disable Motion Estimation on 8x8 blocks*/
+    uint32_t disableIntraSearch    :1;                          /**< [in]: Disable Intra search during Motion Estimation*/
+    uint32_t bStereoEnable         :1;                          /**< [in]: Enable Stereo Mode for Motion Estimation where each view is independently executed*/
+    uint32_t reserved              :26;                         /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t reserved1 [255];                                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*    reserved2[64];                                     /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_MEONLY;
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC_MEONLY
+ * HEVC encoder configuration parameters for ME only Mode
+ *
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC_MEONLY
+{
+    uint32_t reserved [256];                                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*    reserved1[64];                                     /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC_MEONLY;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_CODEC_CONFIG
+ * Codec-specific encoder configuration parameters to be set during initialization.
+ */
+typedef union _NV_ENC_CODEC_CONFIG
+{
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264        h264Config;                /**< [in]: Specifies the H.264-specific encoder configuration. */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC        hevcConfig;                /**< [in]: Specifies the HEVC-specific encoder configuration. */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG_AV1         av1Config;                 /**< [in]: Specifies the AV1-specific encoder configuration. */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_MEONLY h264MeOnlyConfig;          /**< [in]: Specifies the H.264-specific ME only encoder configuration. */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC_MEONLY hevcMeOnlyConfig;          /**< [in]: Specifies the HEVC-specific ME only encoder configuration. */
+    uint32_t                reserved[320];               /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+} NV_ENC_CODEC_CONFIG;
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG
+ * Encoder configuration parameters to be set during initialization.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_CONFIG
+{
+    uint32_t                        version;                                     /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_CONFIG_VER. */
+    GUID                            profileGUID;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the codec profile GUID. If client specifies \p NV_ENC_CODEC_PROFILE_AUTOSELECT_GUID the NvEncodeAPI interface will select the appropriate codec profile. */
+    uint32_t                        gopLength;                                   /**< [in]: Specifies the number of pictures in one GOP. Low latency application client can set goplength to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH so that keyframes are not inserted automatically. */
+    int32_t                         frameIntervalP;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the GOP pattern as follows: \p frameIntervalP = 0: I, 1: IPP, 2: IBP, 3: IBBP  If goplength is set to NVENC_INFINITE_GOPLENGTH \p frameIntervalP should be set to 1. */
+    uint32_t                        monoChromeEncoding;                          /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable monochrome encoding for this session. */
+    NV_ENC_PARAMS_FRAME_FIELD_MODE  frameFieldMode;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the frame/field mode.
+                                                                                            Check support for field encoding using ::NV_ENC_CAPS_SUPPORT_FIELD_ENCODING caps.
+                                                                                            Using a frameFieldMode other than NV_ENC_PARAMS_FRAME_FIELD_MODE_FRAME for RGB input is not supported. */
+    NV_ENC_MV_PRECISION             mvPrecision;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the desired motion vector prediction precision. */
+    NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS                rcParams;                                    /**< [in]: Specifies the rate control parameters for the current encoding session. */
+    NV_ENC_CODEC_CONFIG             encodeCodecConfig;                           /**< [in]: Specifies the codec specific config parameters through this union. */
+    uint32_t                        reserved [278];                              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                           reserved2[64];                               /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_CONFIG;
+
+/** macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_CONFIG */
+#define NV_ENC_CONFIG_VER (NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(9) | ( 1u<<31 ))
+
+/**
+ *  Tuning information of NVENC encoding (TuningInfo is not applicable to H264 and HEVC MEOnly mode).
+ */
+typedef enum NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO
+{
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_UNDEFINED         = 0,                                     /**< Undefined tuningInfo. Invalid value for encoding. */
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_HIGH_QUALITY      = 1,                                     /**< Tune presets for latency tolerant encoding.*/
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_LOW_LATENCY       = 2,                                     /**< Tune presets for low latency streaming.*/
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_ULTRA_LOW_LATENCY = 3,                                     /**< Tune presets for ultra low latency streaming.*/
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_LOSSLESS          = 4,                                     /**< Tune presets for lossless encoding.*/
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_ULTRA_HIGH_QUALITY = 5,                                    /**< Tune presets for latency tolerant encoding for higher quality. Only supported for HEVC on Turing+ architectures */
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_COUNT                                                      /**< Count number of tuningInfos. Invalid value. */
+}NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO;
+
+/**
+ * Split Encoding Modes (Split Encoding is not applicable to H264).
+ */
+typedef enum _NV_ENC_SPLIT_ENCODE_MODE
+{
+    NV_ENC_SPLIT_AUTO_MODE               = 0,                                    /**< Default value, split frame forced mode disabled, split frame auto mode enabled */
+    NV_ENC_SPLIT_AUTO_FORCED_MODE        = 1,                                    /**< Split frame forced mode enabled with number of strips automatically selected by driver to best fit configuration */
+    NV_ENC_SPLIT_TWO_FORCED_MODE         = 2,                                    /**< Forced 2-strip split frame encoding (if NVENC number > 1, 1-strip encode otherwise) */
+    NV_ENC_SPLIT_THREE_FORCED_MODE       = 3,                                    /**< Forced 3-strip split frame encoding (if NVENC number > 2, NVENC number of strips otherwise) */
+    NV_ENC_SPLIT_DISABLE_MODE            = 15,                                   /**< Both split frame auto mode and forced mode are disabled  */
+} NV_ENC_SPLIT_ENCODE_MODE;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS
+ * Encode Session Initialization parameters.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t                                   version;                         /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_VER. */
+    GUID                                       encodeGUID;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the Encode GUID for which the encoder is being created. ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API will fail if this is not set, or set to unsupported value. */
+    GUID                                       presetGUID;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the preset for encoding. If the preset GUID is set then , the preset configuration will be applied before any other parameter. */
+    uint32_t                                   encodeWidth;                     /**< [in]: Specifies the encode width. If not set ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API will fail. */
+    uint32_t                                   encodeHeight;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the encode height. If not set ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API will fail. */
+    uint32_t                                   darWidth;                        /**< [in]: Specifies the display aspect ratio width (H264/HEVC) or the render width (AV1). */
+    uint32_t                                   darHeight;                       /**< [in]: Specifies the display aspect ratio height (H264/HEVC) or the render height (AV1). */
+    uint32_t                                   frameRateNum;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the numerator for frame rate used for encoding in frames per second ( Frame rate = frameRateNum / frameRateDen ). */
+    uint32_t                                   frameRateDen;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the denominator for frame rate used for encoding in frames per second ( Frame rate = frameRateNum / frameRateDen ). */
+    uint32_t                                   enableEncodeAsync;               /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable asynchronous mode and is expected to use events to get picture completion notification. */
+    uint32_t                                   enablePTD;                       /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable the Picture Type Decision is be taken by the NvEncodeAPI interface. */
+    uint32_t                                   reportSliceOffsets        :1;    /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable reporting slice offsets in ::_NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM. NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableEncodeAsync must be set to 0 to use this feature. Client must set this to 0 if NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::sliceMode is 1 on Kepler GPUs */
+    uint32_t                                   enableSubFrameWrite       :1;    /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to write out available bitstream to memory at subframe intervals.
+                                                                                           If enableSubFrameWrite = 1, then the hardware encoder returns data as soon as a slice (H264/HEVC) or tile (AV1) has completed encoding.
+                                                                                           This results in better encoding latency, but the downside is that the application has to keep polling via a call to nvEncLockBitstream API continuously to see if any encoded slice/tile data is available.
+                                                                                           Use this mode if you feel that the marginal reduction in latency from sub-frame encoding is worth the increase in complexity due to CPU-based polling. */
+    uint32_t                                   enableExternalMEHints     :1;    /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable external ME hints for the current frame. For NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD=1 with B frames, programming L1 hints is optional for B frames since Client doesn't know internal GOP structure.
+                                                                                           NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::meHintRefPicDist should preferably be set with enablePTD=1. */
+    uint32_t                                   enableMEOnlyMode          :1;    /**< [in]: Set to 1 to enable ME Only Mode .*/
+    uint32_t                                   enableWeightedPrediction  :1;    /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable weighted prediction. Not supported if encode session is configured for B-Frames (i.e. NV_ENC_CONFIG::frameIntervalP > 1 or preset >=P3 when tuningInfo = ::NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_HIGH_QUALITY or
+                                                                                           tuningInfo = ::NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_LOSSLESS. This is because preset >=p3 internally enables B frames when tuningInfo = ::NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_HIGH_QUALITY or ::NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO_LOSSLESS). */
+    uint32_t                                   splitEncodeMode           :4;    /**< [in]: Split Encoding mode in NVENC (Split Encoding is not applicable to H264).
+                                                                                           Not supported if any of the following features: weighted prediction, alpha layer encoding,
+                                                                                           subframe mode, output into video memory buffer, picture timing/buffering period SEI message
+                                                                                           insertion with DX12 interface are enabled in case of HEVC.
+                                                                                           For AV1, split encoding is not supported when output into video memory buffer is enabled. */
+    uint32_t                                   enableOutputInVidmem      :1;    /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable output of NVENC in video memory buffer created by application. This feature is not supported for HEVC ME only mode. */
+    uint32_t                                   enableReconFrameOutput    :1;    /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable reconstructed frame output. */
+    uint32_t                                   enableOutputStats         :1;    /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable encoded frame output stats. Client must allocate buffer of size equal to number of blocks multiplied by the size of
+                                                                                           NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK struct in system memory and assign to NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::encodedOutputStatsPtr to receive the encoded frame output stats.*/
+    uint32_t                                   enableUniDirectionalB     :1;    /**< [in]: Set this to 1 to enable uni directional B-frame(both reference will be from past). It will give better compression
+                                                                                           efficiency for LowLatency/UltraLowLatency use case. Value of parameter is ignored when regular B frames are used. */
+    uint32_t                                   reservedBitFields         :19;   /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t                                   privDataSize;                    /**< [in]: Reserved private data buffer size and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t                                   reserved;                        /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                                      privData;                        /**< [in]: Reserved private data buffer and must be set to NULL */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG*                             encodeConfig;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the advanced codec specific structure. If client has sent a valid codec config structure, it will override parameters set by the NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::presetGUID parameter. If set to NULL the NvEncodeAPI interface will use the NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::presetGUID to set the codec specific parameters.
+                                                                                           Client can also optionally query the NvEncodeAPI interface to get codec specific parameters for a presetGUID using ::NvEncGetEncodePresetConfigEx() API. It can then modify (if required) some of the codec config parameters and send down a custom config structure as part of ::_NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS.
+                                                                                           Even in this case client is recommended to pass the same preset guid it has used in ::NvEncGetEncodePresetConfigEx() API to query the config structure; as NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::presetGUID. This will not override the custom config structure but will be used to determine other Encoder HW specific parameters not exposed in the API. */
+    uint32_t                                   maxEncodeWidth;                  /**< [in]: Maximum encode width to be used for current Encode session.
+                                                                                           Client should allocate output buffers according to this dimension for dynamic resolution change. If set to 0, Encoder will not allow dynamic resolution change. */
+    uint32_t                                   maxEncodeHeight;                 /**< [in]: Maximum encode height to be allowed for current Encode session.
+                                                                                           Client should allocate output buffers according to this dimension for dynamic resolution change. If set to 0, Encode will not allow dynamic resolution change. */
+    NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT_COUNTS_PER_BLOCKTYPE maxMEHintCountsPerBlock[2];     /**< [in]: If Client wants to pass external motion vectors in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::meExternalHints buffer it must specify the maximum number of hint candidates per block per direction for the encode session.
+                                                                                           The NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::maxMEHintCountsPerBlock[0] is for L0 predictors and NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::maxMEHintCountsPerBlock[1] is for L1 predictors.
+                                                                                           This client must also set NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableExternalMEHints to 1. */
+    NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO                         tuningInfo;                      /**< [in]: Tuning Info of NVENC encoding(TuningInfo is not applicable to H264 and HEVC meonly mode). */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT                       bufferFormat;                    /**< [in]: Input buffer format. Used only when DX12 interface type is used */
+    uint32_t                                   numStateBuffers;                 /**< [in]: Number of state buffers to allocate to save encoder state. Set this to value greater than zero to enable encoding without advancing the encoder state. */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_LEVEL                  outputStatsLevel;                /**< [in]: Specifies the level for encoded frame output stats, when NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputStats is set to 1.
+                                                                                           Client should allocate buffer of size equal to number of blocks multiplied by the size of NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK struct
+                                                                                           if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::outputStatsLevel is set to NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_BLOCK or number of rows multiplied by the size of
+                                                                                           NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_ROW struct if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::outputStatsLevel is set to NV_ENC_OUTPUT_STATS_ROW
+                                                                                           in system memory and assign to NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::encodedOutputStatsPtr to receive the encoded frame output stats. */
+    uint32_t                                   reserved1 [284];                  /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                                      reserved2[64];                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS;
+
+/** macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS */
+#define NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_VER (NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(7) | ( 1u<<31 ))
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS
+ * Encode Session Reconfigured parameters.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t                                    version;                        /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS_VER. */
+    uint32_t                                    reserved;                       /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS                    reInitEncodeParams;             /**< [in]: Encoder session re-initialization parameters.
+                                                                                           If reInitEncodeParams.encodeConfig is NULL and
+                                                                                           reInitEncodeParams.presetGUID is the same as the preset
+                                                                                           GUID specified on the call to NvEncInitializeEncoder(),
+                                                                                           EncodeAPI will continue to use the existing encode
+                                                                                           configuration.
+                                                                                           If reInitEncodeParams.encodeConfig is NULL and
+                                                                                           reInitEncodeParams.presetGUID is different from the preset
+                                                                                           GUID specified on the call to NvEncInitializeEncoder(),
+                                                                                           EncodeAPI will try to use the default configuration for
+                                                                                           the preset specified by reInitEncodeParams.presetGUID.
+                                                                                           In this case, reconfiguration may fail if the new
+                                                                                           configuration is incompatible with the existing
+                                                                                           configuration (e.g. the new configuration results in
+                                                                                           a change in the GOP structure). */
+    uint32_t                                    resetEncoder            :1;     /**< [in]: This resets the rate control states and other internal encoder states. This should be used only with an IDR frame.
+                                                                                           If NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1, encoder will force the frame type to IDR */
+    uint32_t                                    forceIDR                :1;     /**< [in]: Encode the current picture as an IDR picture. This flag is only valid when Picture type decision is taken by the Encoder
+                                                                                           [_NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD == 1]. */
+    uint32_t                                    reserved1                :30;
+    uint32_t                                    reserved2;                      /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+
+}NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS;
+
+/** macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS */
+#define NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS_VER (NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2) | ( 1u<<31 ))
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG
+ * Encoder preset config
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG
+{
+    uint32_t      version;                               /**< [in]:  Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG_VER. */
+    uint32_t      reserved;                              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_CONFIG presetCfg;                             /**< [out]: preset config returned by the Nvidia Video Encoder interface. */
+    uint32_t      reserved1[256];                        /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*         reserved2[64];                         /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+}NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG;
+
+/** macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG */
+#define NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG_VER (NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(5) | ( 1u<<31 ))
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC
+ * MVC-specific parameters to be sent on a per-frame basis.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC
+{
+    uint32_t version;                                    /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC_VER. */
+    uint32_t viewID;                                     /**< [in]: Specifies the view ID associated with the current input view. */
+    uint32_t temporalID;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the temporal ID associated with the current input view. */
+    uint32_t priorityID;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the priority ID associated with the current input view. Reserved and ignored by the NvEncodeAPI interface. */
+    uint32_t reserved1[12];                              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*    reserved2[8];                              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL. */
+}NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC;
+
+/** macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC */
+#define NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+
+/**
+ * \union _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264_EXT
+ * H264 extension  picture parameters
+ */
+typedef union _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264_EXT
+{
+    NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC mvcPicParams;                  /**< [in]: Specifies the MVC picture parameters. */
+    uint32_t reserved1[32];                              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0.        */
+}NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264_EXT;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_SEI_PAYLOAD
+ *  User SEI message
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_SEI_PAYLOAD
+{
+    uint32_t payloadSize;            /**< [in] SEI payload size in bytes. SEI payload must be byte aligned, as described in Annex D */
+    uint32_t payloadType;            /**< [in] SEI payload types and syntax can be found in Annex D of the H.264 Specification. */
+    uint8_t *payload;                /**< [in] pointer to user data */
+} NV_ENC_SEI_PAYLOAD;
+
+#define NV_ENC_H264_SEI_PAYLOAD NV_ENC_SEI_PAYLOAD
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264
+ * H264 specific enc pic params. sent on a per frame basis.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264
+{
+    uint32_t displayPOCSyntax;                           /**< [in]: Specifies the display POC syntax This is required to be set if client is handling the picture type decision. */
+    uint32_t reserved3;                                  /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t refPicFlag;                                 /**< [in]: Set to 1 for a reference picture. This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t colourPlaneId;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the colour plane ID associated with the current input. */
+    uint32_t forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt;              /**< [in]: Forces an intra refresh with duration equal to intraRefreshFrameCnt.
+                                                                    When outputRecoveryPointSEI is set this is value is used for recovery_frame_cnt in recovery point SEI message
+                                                                    forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt cannot be used if B frames are used in the GOP structure specified */
+    uint32_t constrainedFrame           :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to encode this frame with each slice completely independent of other slices in the frame.
+                                                                    NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableConstrainedEncoding should be set to 1 */
+    uint32_t sliceModeDataUpdate        :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to change the sliceModeData field to specify new sliceSize Parameter
+                                                                    When forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt is set it will have priority over sliceMode setting */
+    uint32_t ltrMarkFrame               :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to mark this frame as LTR */
+    uint32_t ltrUseFrames               :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client allows encoding this frame using the LTR frames specified in ltrFrameBitmap */
+    uint32_t reservedBitFields          :28;             /**< [in]: Reserved bit fields and must be set to 0 */
+    uint8_t* sliceTypeData;                              /**< [in]: Deprecated. */
+    uint32_t sliceTypeArrayCnt;                          /**< [in]: Deprecated. */
+    uint32_t seiPayloadArrayCnt;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the number of elements allocated in  seiPayloadArray array. */
+    NV_ENC_SEI_PAYLOAD* seiPayloadArray;                 /**< [in]: Array of SEI payloads which will be inserted for this frame. */
+    uint32_t sliceMode;                                  /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with sliceModeData specifies the way in which the picture is divided into slices
+                                                                    sliceMode = 0 MB based slices, sliceMode = 1 Byte based slices, sliceMode = 2 MB row based slices, sliceMode = 3, numSlices in Picture
+                                                                    When forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt is set it will have priority over sliceMode setting
+                                                                    When sliceMode == 0 and sliceModeData == 0 whole picture will be coded with one slice */
+    uint32_t sliceModeData;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the parameter needed for sliceMode. For:
+                                                                    sliceMode = 0, sliceModeData specifies # of MBs in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                    sliceMode = 1, sliceModeData specifies maximum # of bytes in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                    sliceMode = 2, sliceModeData specifies # of MB rows in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                    sliceMode = 3, sliceModeData specifies number of slices in the picture. Driver will divide picture into slices optimally */
+    uint32_t ltrMarkFrameIdx;                            /**< [in]: Specifies the long term referenceframe index to use for marking this frame as LTR.*/
+    uint32_t ltrUseFrameBitmap;                          /**< [in]: Specifies the associated bitmap of LTR frame indices to use when encoding this frame. */
+    uint32_t ltrUsageMode;                               /**< [in]: Not supported. Reserved for future use and must be set to 0. */
+    uint32_t forceIntraSliceCount;                       /**< [in]: Specifies the number of slices to be forced to Intra in the current picture.
+                                                                    This option along with forceIntraSliceIdx[] array needs to be used with sliceMode = 3 only */
+    uint32_t *forceIntraSliceIdx;                        /**< [in]: Slice indices to be forced to intra in the current picture. Each slice index should be <= num_slices_in_picture -1. Index starts from 0 for first slice.
+                                                                    The number of entries in this array should be equal to forceIntraSliceCount */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264_EXT h264ExtPicParams;         /**< [in]: Specifies the H264 extension config parameters using this config. */
+    NV_ENC_TIME_CODE timeCode;                           /**< [in]: Specifies the clock timestamp sets used in picture timing SEI. Applicable only when NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::enableTimeCode is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t reserved [202];                             /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*    reserved2[61];                              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL. */
+} NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264;
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_HEVC
+ * HEVC specific enc pic params. sent on a per frame basis.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_HEVC
+{
+    uint32_t displayPOCSyntax;                           /**< [in]: Specifies the display POC syntax This is required to be set if client is handling the picture type decision. */
+    uint32_t refPicFlag;                                 /**< [in]: Set to 1 for a reference picture. This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t temporalId;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the temporal id of the picture */
+    uint32_t forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt;              /**< [in]: Forces an intra refresh with duration equal to intraRefreshFrameCnt.
+                                                                    When outputRecoveryPointSEI is set this is value is used for recovery_frame_cnt in recovery point SEI message
+                                                                    forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt cannot be used if B frames are used in the GOP structure specified */
+    uint32_t constrainedFrame           :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to encode this frame with each slice completely independent of other slices in the frame.
+                                                                    NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableConstrainedEncoding should be set to 1 */
+    uint32_t sliceModeDataUpdate        :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to change the sliceModeData field to specify new sliceSize Parameter
+                                                                    When forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt is set it will have priority over sliceMode setting */
+    uint32_t ltrMarkFrame               :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to mark this frame as LTR */
+    uint32_t ltrUseFrames               :1;              /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client allows encoding this frame using the LTR frames specified in ltrFrameBitmap */
+    uint32_t reservedBitFields          :28;             /**< [in]: Reserved bit fields and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t reserved1;                                  /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    uint8_t* sliceTypeData;                              /**< [in]: Array which specifies the slice type used to force intra slice for a particular slice. Currently supported only for NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::sliceMode == 3.
+                                                                    Client should allocate array of size sliceModeData where sliceModeData is specified in field of ::_NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264
+                                                                    Array element with index n corresponds to nth slice. To force a particular slice to intra client should set corresponding array element to NV_ENC_SLICE_TYPE_I
+                                                                    all other array elements should be set to NV_ENC_SLICE_TYPE_DEFAULT */
+    uint32_t sliceTypeArrayCnt;                          /**< [in]: Client should set this to the number of elements allocated in sliceTypeData array. If sliceTypeData is NULL then this should be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t sliceMode;                                  /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with sliceModeData specifies the way in which the picture is divided into slices
+                                                                    sliceMode = 0 CTU based slices, sliceMode = 1 Byte based slices, sliceMode = 2 CTU row based slices, sliceMode = 3, numSlices in Picture
+                                                                    When forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt is set it will have priority over sliceMode setting
+                                                                    When sliceMode == 0 and sliceModeData == 0 whole picture will be coded with one slice */
+    uint32_t sliceModeData;                              /**< [in]: Specifies the parameter needed for sliceMode. For:
+                                                                    sliceMode = 0, sliceModeData specifies # of CTUs in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                    sliceMode = 1, sliceModeData specifies maximum # of bytes in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                    sliceMode = 2, sliceModeData specifies # of CTU rows in each slice (except last slice)
+                                                                    sliceMode = 3, sliceModeData specifies number of slices in the picture. Driver will divide picture into slices optimally */
+    uint32_t ltrMarkFrameIdx;                            /**< [in]: Specifies the long term reference frame index to use for marking this frame as LTR.*/
+    uint32_t ltrUseFrameBitmap;                          /**< [in]: Specifies the associated bitmap of LTR frame indices to use when encoding this frame. */
+    uint32_t ltrUsageMode;                               /**< [in]: Not supported. Reserved for future use and must be set to 0. */
+    uint32_t seiPayloadArrayCnt;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the number of elements allocated in  seiPayloadArray array. */
+    uint32_t reserved;                                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    NV_ENC_SEI_PAYLOAD* seiPayloadArray;                 /**< [in]: Array of SEI payloads which will be inserted for this frame. */
+    NV_ENC_TIME_CODE timeCode;                           /**< [in]: Specifies the clock timestamp sets used in time code SEI. Applicable only when NV_ENC_CONFIG_HEVC::enableTimeCodeSEI is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t reserved2[236];                             /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void* reserved3[61];                                 /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL. */
+} NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_HEVC;
+
+#define NV_ENC_AV1_OBU_PAYLOAD NV_ENC_SEI_PAYLOAD
+
+/**
+* \struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_AV1
+* AV1 specific enc pic params. sent on a per frame basis.
+*/
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_AV1
+{
+    uint32_t displayPOCSyntax;                           /**< [in]: Specifies the display POC syntax This is required to be set if client is handling the picture type decision. */
+    uint32_t refPicFlag;                                 /**< [in]: Set to 1 for a reference picture. This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t temporalId;                                 /**< [in]: Specifies the temporal id of the picture */
+    uint32_t forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt;              /**< [in]: Forces an intra refresh with duration equal to intraRefreshFrameCnt.
+                                                                    forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt cannot be used if B frames are used in the GOP structure specified */
+    uint32_t goldenFrameFlag            : 1;             /**< [in]: Encode frame as Golden Frame. This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t arfFrameFlag               : 1;             /**< [in]: Encode frame as Alternate Reference Frame. This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t arf2FrameFlag              : 1;             /**< [in]: Encode frame as Alternate Reference 2 Frame. This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t bwdFrameFlag               : 1;             /**< [in]: Encode frame as Backward Reference Frame. This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t overlayFrameFlag           : 1;             /**< [in]: Encode frame as overlay frame. A previously encoded frame with the same displayPOCSyntax value should be present in reference frame buffer.
+                                                                    This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t showExistingFrameFlag      : 1;             /**< [in]: When ovelayFrameFlag is set to 1, this flag controls the value of the show_existing_frame syntax element associated with the overlay frame.
+                                                                    This flag is added to the interface as a placeholder. Its value is ignored for now and always assumed to be set to 1.
+                                                                    This is ignored if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t errorResilientModeFlag     : 1;             /**< [in]: encode frame independently from previously encoded frames */
+
+    uint32_t tileConfigUpdate           : 1;             /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to overwrite the default tile configuration with the tile parameters specified below
+                                                                    When forceIntraRefreshWithFrameCnt is set it will have priority over tileConfigUpdate setting */
+    uint32_t enableCustomTileConfig     : 1;             /**< [in]: Set 1 to enable custom tile configuration: numTileColumns and numTileRows must have non zero values and tileWidths and tileHeights must point to a valid address  */
+    uint32_t filmGrainParamsUpdate      : 1;             /**< [in]: Set to 1 if client wants to update previous film grain parameters: filmGrainParams must point to a valid address and encoder must have been configured with film grain enabled  */
+    uint32_t reservedBitFields          : 22;            /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t numTileColumns;                             /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with the flag enableCustomTileConfig and the array tileWidths[] specifies the way in which the picture is divided into tile columns.
+                                                                    When enableCustomTileConfig == 0, the picture will be uniformly divided into numTileColumns tile columns. If numTileColumns is not a power of 2,
+                                                                    it will be rounded down to the next power of 2 value. If numTileColumns == 0, the picture will be coded with the smallest number of vertical tiles as allowed by standard.
+                                                                    When enableCustomTileConfig == 1, numTileColumns must be > 0 and <= NV_MAX_TILE_COLS_AV1 and tileWidths must point to a valid array of numTileColumns entries.
+                                                                    Entry i specifies the width in 64x64 CTU unit of tile colum i. The sum of all the entries should be equal to the picture width in 64x64 CTU units. */
+    uint32_t numTileRows;                                /**< [in]: This parameter in conjunction with the flag enableCustomTileConfig and the array tileHeights[] specifies the way in which the picture is divided into tiles rows
+                                                                    When enableCustomTileConfig == 0, the picture will be uniformly divided into numTileRows tile rows. If numTileRows is not a power of 2,
+                                                                    it will be rounded down to the next power of 2 value. If numTileRows == 0, the picture will be coded with the smallest number of horizontal tiles as allowed by standard.
+                                                                    When enableCustomTileConfig == 1, numTileRows must be > 0 and <= NV_MAX_TILE_ROWS_AV1 and tileHeights must point to a valid array of numTileRows entries.
+                                                                    Entry i specifies the height in 64x64 CTU unit of tile row i. The sum of all the entries should be equal to the picture hieght in 64x64 CTU units. */
+    uint32_t reserved;                                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    uint32_t *tileWidths;                                /**< [in]: If enableCustomTileConfig == 1, tileWidths[i] specifies the width of tile column i in 64x64 CTU unit, with 0 <= i <= numTileColumns -1. */
+    uint32_t *tileHeights;                               /**< [in]: If enableCustomTileConfig == 1, tileHeights[i] specifies the height of tile row i in 64x64 CTU unit, with 0 <= i <= numTileRows -1. */
+    uint32_t obuPayloadArrayCnt;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the number of elements allocated in  obuPayloadArray array. */
+    uint32_t reserved1;                                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    NV_ENC_AV1_OBU_PAYLOAD* obuPayloadArray;             /**< [in]: Array of OBU payloads which will be inserted for this frame. */
+    NV_ENC_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_AV1 *filmGrainParams;       /**< [in]: If filmGrainParamsUpdate == 1, filmGrainParams must point to a valid NV_ENC_FILM_GRAIN_PARAMS_AV1 structure */
+    uint32_t reserved2[246];                             /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*    reserved3[61];                              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL. */
+} NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_AV1;
+
+/**
+ * Codec specific per-picture encoding parameters.
+ */
+typedef union _NV_ENC_CODEC_PIC_PARAMS
+{
+    NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264 h264PicParams;                /**< [in]: H264 encode picture params. */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_HEVC hevcPicParams;                /**< [in]: HEVC encode picture params. */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_AV1  av1PicParams;                 /**< [in]: AV1 encode picture params. */
+    uint32_t               reserved[256];                /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+} NV_ENC_CODEC_PIC_PARAMS;
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS
+ * Encoding parameters that need to be sent on a per frame basis.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t                                    version;                        /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_VER. */
+    uint32_t                                    inputWidth;                     /**< [in]: Specifies the input frame width */
+    uint32_t                                    inputHeight;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the input frame height */
+    uint32_t                                    inputPitch;                     /**< [in]: Specifies the input buffer pitch. If pitch value is not known, set this to inputWidth. */
+    uint32_t                                    encodePicFlags;                 /**< [in]: Specifies bit-wise OR of encode picture flags. See ::NV_ENC_PIC_FLAGS enum. */
+    uint32_t                                    frameIdx;                       /**< [in]: Specifies the frame index associated with the input frame. It is necessary to pass this as monotonically increasing starting 0 when lookaheadLevel, UHQ Tuning Info
+                                                                                           or encoding same frames multiple times without advancing encoder state feature are enabled */
+    uint64_t                                    inputTimeStamp;                 /**< [in]: Specifies opaque data which is associated with the encoded frame, but not actually encoded in the output bitstream.
+                                                                                           This opaque data can be used later to uniquely refer to the corresponding encoded frame. For example, it can be used
+                                                                                           for identifying the frame to be invalidated in the reference picture buffer, if lost at the client. */
+    uint64_t                                    inputDuration;                  /**< [in]: Specifies duration of the input picture */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR                            inputBuffer;                    /**< [in]: Specifies the input buffer pointer. Client must use a pointer obtained from ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() or ::NvEncMapInputResource() APIs.*/
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR                           outputBitstream;                /**< [in]: Specifies the output buffer pointer.
+                                                                                           If NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputInVidmem is set to 0, specifies the pointer to output buffer. Client should use a pointer obtained from ::NvEncCreateBitstreamBuffer() API.
+                                                                                           If NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputInVidmem is set to 1, client should allocate buffer in video memory for NV_ENC_ENCODE_OUT_PARAMS struct and encoded bitstream data. Client
+                                                                                           should use a pointer obtained from ::NvEncMapInputResource() API, when mapping this output buffer and assign it to NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::outputBitstream.
+                                                                                           First 256 bytes of this buffer should be interpreted as NV_ENC_ENCODE_OUT_PARAMS struct followed by encoded bitstream data. Recommended size for output buffer is sum of size of
+                                                                                           NV_ENC_ENCODE_OUT_PARAMS struct and twice the input frame size for lower resolution eg. CIF and 1.5 times the input frame size for higher resolutions. If encoded bitstream size is
+                                                                                           greater than the allocated buffer size for encoded bitstream, then the output buffer will have encoded bitstream data equal to buffer size. All CUDA operations on this buffer must use
+                                                                                           the default stream. */
+    void*                                       completionEvent;                /**< [in]: Specifies an event to be signaled on completion of encoding of this Frame [only if operating in Asynchronous mode]. Each output buffer should be associated with a distinct event pointer. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT                        bufferFmt;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the input buffer format. */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT                           pictureStruct;                  /**< [in]: Specifies structure of the input picture. */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE                             pictureType;                    /**< [in]: Specifies input picture type. Client required to be set explicitly by the client if the client has not set NV_ENC_INITALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD to 1 while calling NvInitializeEncoder. */
+    NV_ENC_CODEC_PIC_PARAMS                     codecPicParams;                 /**< [in]: Specifies the codec specific per-picture encoding parameters. */
+    NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT_COUNTS_PER_BLOCKTYPE meHintCountsPerBlock[2];        /**< [in]: For H264 and Hevc, specifies the number of hint candidates per block per direction for the current frame. meHintCountsPerBlock[0] is for L0 predictors and meHintCountsPerBlock[1] is for L1 predictors.
+                                                                                           The candidate count in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::meHintCountsPerBlock[lx] must never exceed NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::maxMEHintCountsPerBlock[lx] provided during encoder initialization. */
+    NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT                     *meExternalHints;                /**< [in]: For H264 and Hevc, Specifies the pointer to ME external hints for the current frame. The size of ME hint buffer should be equal to number of macroblocks * the total number of candidates per macroblock.
+                                                                                           The total number of candidates per MB per direction = 1*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk16x16 + 2*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk16x8 + 2*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk8x8
+                                                                                           + 4*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk8x8. For frames using bidirectional ME , the total number of candidates for single macroblock is sum of total number of candidates per MB for each direction (L0 and L1) */
+    uint32_t                                    reserved2[7];                    /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                                       reserved5[2];                    /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+    int8_t                                     *qpDeltaMap;                      /**< [in]: Specifies the pointer to signed byte array containing value per MB for H264, per CTB for HEVC and per SB for AV1 in raster scan order for the current picture, which will be interpreted depending on NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::qpMapMode.
+                                                                                            If NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::qpMapMode is NV_ENC_QP_MAP_DELTA, qpDeltaMap specifies QP modifier per MB for H264, per CTB for HEVC and per SB for AV1. This QP modifier will be applied on top of the QP chosen by rate control.
+                                                                                            If NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::qpMapMode is NV_ENC_QP_MAP_EMPHASIS, qpDeltaMap specifies Emphasis Level Map per MB for H264. This level value along with QP chosen by rate control is used to
+                                                                                            compute the QP modifier, which in turn is applied on top of QP chosen by rate control.
+                                                                                            If NV_ENC_RC_PARAMS::qpMapMode is NV_ENC_QP_MAP_DISABLED, value in qpDeltaMap will be ignored.*/
+    uint32_t                                    qpDeltaMapSize;                  /**< [in]: Specifies the size in bytes of qpDeltaMap surface allocated by client and pointed to by NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::qpDeltaMap. Surface (array) should be picWidthInMbs * picHeightInMbs for H264, picWidthInCtbs * picHeightInCtbs for HEVC and
+                                                                                            picWidthInSbs * picHeightInSbs for AV1 */
+    uint32_t                                    reservedBitFields;               /**< [in]: Reserved bitfields and must be set to 0 */
+    uint16_t                                    meHintRefPicDist[2];             /**< [in]: Specifies temporal distance for reference picture (NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT::refidx = 0) used during external ME with NV_ENC_INITALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD = 1 . meHintRefPicDist[0] is for L0 hints and meHintRefPicDist[1] is for L1 hints.
+                                                                                            If not set, will internally infer distance of 1. Ignored for NV_ENC_INITALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD = 0 */
+     uint32_t                                    reserved4;                       /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR                            alphaBuffer;                     /**< [in]: Specifies the input alpha buffer pointer. Client must use a pointer obtained from ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() or ::NvEncMapInputResource() APIs.
+                                                                                            Applicable only when encoding hevc with alpha layer is enabled. */
+    NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_SB_HINT                  *meExternalSbHints;               /**< [in]: For AV1,Specifies the pointer to ME external SB hints for the current frame. The size of ME hint buffer should be equal to meSbHintsCount. */
+    uint32_t                                    meSbHintsCount;                  /**< [in]: For AV1, specifies the total number of external ME SB hint candidates for the frame
+                                                                                            NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::meSbHintsCount must never exceed the total number of SBs in frame * the max number of candidates per SB provided during encoder initialization.
+                                                                                            The max number of candidates per SB is maxMeHintCountsPerBlock[0].numCandsPerSb + maxMeHintCountsPerBlock[1].numCandsPerSb */
+    uint32_t                                    stateBufferIdx;                  /**< [in]: Specifies the buffer index in which the encoder state will be saved for current frame encode. It must be in the
+                                                                                            range 0 to NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::numStateBuffers - 1. */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR                           outputReconBuffer;               /**< [in]: Specifies the reconstructed frame buffer pointer to output reconstructed frame, if enabled by setting NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableReconFrameOutput.
+                                                                                            Client must allocate buffers for writing the reconstructed frames and register them with the Nvidia Video Encoder Interface with NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE::bufferUsage
+                                                                                            set to NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RECON.
+                                                                                            Client must use the pointer obtained from ::NvEncMapInputResource() API and assign it to NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::outputReconBuffer.
+                                                                                            Reconstructed output will be in NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT_NV12 format when chromaFormatIDC is set to 1.
+                                                                                            chromaFormatIDC = 3 is not supported. */
+    uint32_t                                    reserved3[284];                  /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                                       reserved6[57];                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS */
+#define NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_VER (NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(7) | ( 1u<<31 ))
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS
+ * MEOnly parameters that need to be sent on a per motion estimation basis.
+ * NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS::meExternalHints is supported for H264 only.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t                version;                            /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS_VER.*/
+    uint32_t                inputWidth;                         /**< [in]: Specifies the input frame width */
+    uint32_t                inputHeight;                        /**< [in]: Specifies the input frame height */
+    uint32_t                reserved;                           /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR        inputBuffer;                        /**< [in]: Specifies the input buffer pointer. Client must use a pointer obtained from NvEncCreateInputBuffer() or NvEncMapInputResource() APIs. */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR        referenceFrame;                     /**< [in]: Specifies the reference frame pointer */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR       mvBuffer;                           /**< [in]: Specifies the output buffer pointer.
+                                                                           If NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputInVidmem is set to 0, specifies the pointer to motion vector data buffer allocated by NvEncCreateMVBuffer.
+                                                                           Client must lock mvBuffer using ::NvEncLockBitstream() API to get the motion vector data.
+                                                                           If NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputInVidmem is set to 1, client should allocate buffer in video memory for storing the motion vector data. The size of this buffer must
+                                                                           be equal to total number of macroblocks multiplied by size of NV_ENC_H264_MV_DATA struct. Client should use a pointer obtained from ::NvEncMapInputResource() API, when mapping this
+                                                                           output buffer and assign it to NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS::mvBuffer. All CUDA operations on this buffer must use the default stream. */
+    uint32_t                reserved2;                          /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT    bufferFmt;                          /**< [in]: Specifies the input buffer format. */
+    void*                   completionEvent;                    /**< [in]: Specifies an event to be signaled on completion of motion estimation
+                                                                           of this Frame [only if operating in Asynchronous mode].
+                                                                           Each output buffer should be associated with a distinct event pointer. */
+    uint32_t                viewID;                             /**< [in]: Specifies left or right viewID if NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264_MEONLY::bStereoEnable is set.
+                                                                            viewID can be 0,1 if bStereoEnable is set, 0 otherwise. */
+    NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT_COUNTS_PER_BLOCKTYPE
+                            meHintCountsPerBlock[2];            /**< [in]: Specifies the number of hint candidates per block for the current frame. meHintCountsPerBlock[0] is for L0 predictors.
+                                                                            The candidate count in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::meHintCountsPerBlock[lx] must never exceed NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::maxMEHintCountsPerBlock[lx] provided during encoder initialization. */
+    NVENC_EXTERNAL_ME_HINT  *meExternalHints;                   /**< [in]: Specifies the pointer to ME external hints for the current frame. The size of ME hint buffer should be equal to number of macroblocks * the total number of candidates per macroblock.
+                                                                            The total number of candidates per MB per direction = 1*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk16x16 + 2*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk16x8 + 2*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk8x8
+                                                                            + 4*meHintCountsPerBlock[Lx].numCandsPerBlk8x8. For frames using bidirectional ME , the total number of candidates for single macroblock is sum of total number of candidates per MB for each direction (L0 and L1) */
+    uint32_t                reserved1[241];                     /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                   reserved3[59];                      /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS;
+
+/** NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS struct version*/
+#define NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(4)
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM
+ * Bitstream buffer lock parameters.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM
+{
+    uint32_t                version;                     /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM_VER. */
+    uint32_t                doNotWait         :1;        /**< [in]: If this flag is set, the NvEncodeAPI interface will return buffer pointer even if operation is not completed. If not set, the call will block until operation completes. */
+    uint32_t                ltrFrame          :1;        /**< [out]: Flag indicating this frame is marked as LTR frame */
+    uint32_t                getRCStats        :1;        /**< [in]: If this flag is set then lockBitstream call will add additional intra-inter MB count and average MVX, MVY */
+    uint32_t                reservedBitFields :29;       /**< [in]: Reserved bit fields and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                   outputBitstream;             /**< [in]: Pointer to the bitstream buffer being locked. */
+    uint32_t*               sliceOffsets;                /**< [in, out]: Array which receives the slice (H264/HEVC) or tile (AV1) offsets. This is not supported if NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::sliceMode is 1 on Kepler GPUs. Array size must be equal to size of frame in MBs. */
+    uint32_t                frameIdx;                    /**< [out]: Frame no. for which the bitstream is being retrieved. */
+    uint32_t                hwEncodeStatus;              /**< [out]: The NvEncodeAPI interface status for the locked picture. */
+    uint32_t                numSlices;                   /**< [out]: Number of slices (H264/HEVC) or tiles (AV1) in the encoded picture. Will be reported only if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::reportSliceOffsets set to 1. */
+    uint32_t                bitstreamSizeInBytes;        /**< [out]: Actual number of bytes generated and copied to the memory pointed by bitstreamBufferPtr.
+                                                                     When HEVC alpha layer encoding is enabled, this field reports the total encoded size in bytes i.e it is the encoded size of the base plus the alpha layer.
+                                                                     For AV1 when enablePTD is set, this field reports the total encoded size in bytes of all the encoded frames packed into the current output surface i.e. show frame plus all preceding no-show frames */
+    uint64_t                outputTimeStamp;             /**< [out]: Presentation timestamp associated with the encoded output. */
+    uint64_t                outputDuration;              /**< [out]: Presentation duration associates with the encoded output. */
+    void*                   bitstreamBufferPtr;          /**< [out]: Pointer to the generated output bitstream.
+                                                                     For MEOnly mode _NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::bitstreamBufferPtr should be typecast to
+                                                                     NV_ENC_H264_MV_DATA/NV_ENC_HEVC_MV_DATA pointer respectively for H264/HEVC  */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE         pictureType;                 /**< [out]: Picture type of the encoded picture. */
+    NV_ENC_PIC_STRUCT       pictureStruct;               /**< [out]: Structure of the generated output picture. */
+    uint32_t                frameAvgQP;                  /**< [out]: Average QP of the frame. */
+    uint32_t                frameSatd;                   /**< [out]: Total SATD cost for whole frame. */
+    uint32_t                ltrFrameIdx;                 /**< [out]: Frame index associated with this LTR frame. */
+    uint32_t                ltrFrameBitmap;              /**< [out]: Bitmap of LTR frames indices which were used for encoding this frame. Value of 0 if no LTR frames were used. */
+    uint32_t                temporalId;                  /**< [out]: TemporalId value of the frame when using temporalSVC encoding */
+    uint32_t                intraMBCount;                /**< [out]: For H264, Number of Intra MBs in the encoded frame. For HEVC, Number of Intra CTBs in the encoded frame. For AV1, Number of Intra SBs in the encoded show frame. Supported only if _NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::getRCStats set to 1. */
+    uint32_t                interMBCount;                /**< [out]: For H264, Number of Inter MBs in the encoded frame, includes skip MBs. For HEVC, Number of Inter CTBs in the encoded frame. For AV1, Number of Inter SBs in the encoded show frame. Supported only if _NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::getRCStats set to 1. */
+    int32_t                 averageMVX;                  /**< [out]: Average Motion Vector in X direction for the encoded frame. Supported only if _NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::getRCStats set to 1. */
+    int32_t                 averageMVY;                  /**< [out]: Average Motion Vector in y direction for the encoded frame. Supported only if _NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::getRCStats set to 1. */
+    uint32_t                alphaLayerSizeInBytes;       /**< [out]: Number of bytes generated for the alpha layer in the encoded output. Applicable only when HEVC with alpha encoding is enabled. */
+    uint32_t                outputStatsPtrSize;          /**< [in]: Size of the buffer pointed by NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::outputStatsPtr. */
+    uint32_t                reserved;                    /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                   outputStatsPtr;              /**< [in, out]: Buffer which receives the encoded frame output stats, if NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableOutputStats is set to 1. */
+    uint32_t                frameIdxDisplay;             /**< [out]: Frame index in display order */
+    uint32_t                reserved1[219];              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*                   reserved2[63];               /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+    uint32_t                reservedInternal[8];         /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+} NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM;
+
+#define NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM_VER (NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2) | ( 1u<<31 ))
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER
+ * Uncompressed Input Buffer lock parameters.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER
+{
+    uint32_t                  version;                   /**< [in]:  Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER_VER. */
+    uint32_t                  doNotWait         :1;      /**< [in]:  Set to 1 to make ::NvEncLockInputBuffer() a unblocking call. If the encoding is not completed, driver will return ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_BUSY error code. */
+    uint32_t                  reservedBitFields :31;     /**< [in]:  Reserved bitfields and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR          inputBuffer;               /**< [in]:  Pointer to the input buffer to be locked, client should pass the pointer obtained from ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() or ::NvEncMapInputResource API. */
+    void*                     bufferDataPtr;             /**< [out]: Pointed to the locked input buffer data. Client can only access input buffer using the \p bufferDataPtr. */
+    uint32_t                  pitch;                     /**< [out]: Pitch of the locked input buffer. */
+    uint32_t                  reserved1[251];            /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to 0  */
+    void*                     reserved2[64];             /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to NULL  */
+} NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER */
+#define NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE
+ * Map an input resource to a Nvidia Encoder Input Buffer
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE
+{
+    uint32_t                   version;                   /**< [in]:  Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE_VER. */
+    uint32_t                   subResourceIndex;          /**< [in]:  Deprecated. Do not use. */
+    void*                      inputResource;             /**< [in]:  Deprecated. Do not use. */
+    NV_ENC_REGISTERED_PTR      registeredResource;        /**< [in]:  The Registered resource handle obtained by calling NvEncRegisterInputResource. */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR           mappedResource;            /**< [out]: Mapped pointer corresponding to the registeredResource. This pointer must be used in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::inputBuffer parameter in ::NvEncEncodePicture() API. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT       mappedBufferFmt;           /**< [out]: Buffer format of the outputResource. This buffer format must be used in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::bufferFmt if client using the above mapped resource pointer. */
+    uint32_t                   reserved1[251];            /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*                      reserved2[63];             /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE */
+#define NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(4)
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_OPENGL_TEX
+ * NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE::resourceToRegister must be a pointer to a variable of this type,
+ * when NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE::resourceType is NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_OPENGL_TEX
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_OPENGL_TEX
+{
+    uint32_t texture;                                     /**< [in]: The name of the texture to be used. */
+    uint32_t target;                                      /**< [in]: Accepted values are GL_TEXTURE_RECTANGLE and GL_TEXTURE_2D. */
+} NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_OPENGL_TEX;
+
+/** \struct NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12
+* Fence and fence value for synchronization.
+*/
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12
+{
+    uint32_t                version;                   /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12_VER. */
+    uint32_t                reserved;                  /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*                   pFence;                    /**< [in]: Pointer to ID3D12Fence. This fence object is used for synchronization. */
+    uint64_t                waitValue;                 /**< [in]: Fence value to reach or exceed before the GPU operation. */
+    uint64_t                signalValue;               /**< [in]: Fence value to set the fence to, after the GPU operation. */
+    uint32_t                bWait:1;                   /**< [in]: Wait on 'waitValue' if bWait is set to 1, before starting GPU operation. */
+    uint32_t                bSignal:1;                 /**< [in]: Signal on 'signalValue' if bSignal is set to 1, after GPU operation is complete. */
+    uint32_t                reservedBitField:30;       /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    uint32_t                reserved1[7];              /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+} NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12;
+
+#define NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12
+ * NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::inputBuffer and NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::alphaBuffer must be a pointer to a struct of this type,
+ * when D3D12 interface is used
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12
+{
+    uint32_t                    version;                /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12_VER. */
+    uint32_t                    reserved;               /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR            pInputBuffer;           /**< [in]: Specifies the input surface pointer. Client must use a pointer obtained from NvEncMapInputResource() in NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE::mappedResource
+                                                                   when mapping the input surface. */
+    NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12    inputFencePoint;        /**< [in]: Specifies the fence and corresponding fence values to do GPU wait and signal. */
+    uint32_t                    reserved1[16];          /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*                       reserved2[16];          /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL. */
+} NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12;
+
+#define NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12
+ * NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::outputBitstream and NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::outputBitstream must be a pointer to a struct of this type,
+ * when D3D12 interface is used
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12
+{
+    uint32_t                    version;                /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12_VER. */
+    uint32_t                    reserved;               /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR            pOutputBuffer;          /**< [in]: Specifies the output buffer pointer. Client must use a pointer obtained from NvEncMapInputResource() in NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE::mappedResource
+                                                                   when mapping output bitstream buffer */
+    NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12    outputFencePoint;       /**< [in]: Specifies the fence and corresponding fence values to do GPU wait and signal.*/
+    uint32_t                    reserved1[16];          /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*                       reserved2[16];          /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL. */
+} NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12;
+
+#define NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RESOURCE_D3D12_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE
+ * Register a resource for future use with the Nvidia Video Encoder Interface.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE
+{
+    uint32_t                    version;                        /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE_VER. */
+    NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE  resourceType;                   /**< [in]: Specifies the type of resource to be registered.
+                                                                           Supported values are
+                                                                           ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_DIRECTX,
+                                                                           ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_CUDADEVICEPTR,
+                                                                           ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_OPENGL_TEX */
+    uint32_t                    width;                          /**< [in]: Input frame width. */
+    uint32_t                    height;                         /**< [in]: Input frame height. */
+    uint32_t                    pitch;                          /**< [in]: Input buffer pitch.
+                                                                           For ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_DIRECTX resources, set this to 0.
+                                                                           For ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_CUDADEVICEPTR resources, set this to
+                                                                             the pitch as obtained from cuMemAllocPitch(), or to the width in
+                                                                             bytes (if this resource was created by using cuMemAlloc()). This
+                                                                             value must be a multiple of 4.
+                                                                           For ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_CUDAARRAY resources, set this to the
+                                                                             width of the allocation in bytes (i.e.
+                                                                             CUDA_ARRAY3D_DESCRIPTOR::Width * CUDA_ARRAY3D_DESCRIPTOR::NumChannels).
+                                                                           For ::NV_ENC_INPUT_RESOURCE_TYPE_OPENGL_TEX resources, set this to the
+                                                                             texture width multiplied by the number of components in the texture
+                                                                             format. */
+    uint32_t                    subResourceIndex;               /**< [in]: Subresource Index of the DirectX resource to be registered. Should be set to 0 for other interfaces. */
+    void*                       resourceToRegister;             /**< [in]: Handle to the resource that is being registered. */
+    NV_ENC_REGISTERED_PTR       registeredResource;             /**< [out]: Registered resource handle. This should be used in future interactions with the Nvidia Video Encoder Interface. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT        bufferFormat;                   /**< [in]: Buffer format of resource to be registered. */
+    NV_ENC_BUFFER_USAGE         bufferUsage;                    /**< [in]: Usage of resource to be registered. */
+    NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12*   pInputFencePoint;               /**< [in]: Specifies the input fence and corresponding fence values to do GPU wait and signal.
+                                                                           To be used only when NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE::resourceToRegister represents D3D12 surface and
+                                                                           NV_ENC_BUFFER_USAGE::bufferUsage is NV_ENC_INPUT_IMAGE.
+                                                                           The fence NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12::pFence and NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12::waitValue will be used to do GPU wait
+                                                                           before starting GPU operation, if NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12::bWait is set.
+                                                                           The fence NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12::pFence and NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12::signalValue will be used to do GPU signal
+                                                                           when GPU operation finishes, if NV_ENC_FENCE_POINT_D3D12::bSignal is set. */
+    uint32_t                    chromaOffset[2];                /**< [out]: Chroma offset for the reconstructed output buffer when NV_ENC_BUFFER_USAGE::bufferUsage is set
+                                                                           to NV_ENC_OUTPUT_RECON and D3D11 interface is used.
+                                                                           When chroma components are interleaved, 'chromaOffset[0]' will contain chroma offset.
+                                                                           chromaOffset[1] is reserved for future use. */
+    uint32_t                    reserved1[246];                 /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    void*                       reserved2[61];                  /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL. */
+} NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE */
+#define NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(5)
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_STAT
+ * Encode Stats structure.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_STAT
+{
+    uint32_t            version;                         /**< [in]:  Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_STAT_VER. */
+    uint32_t            reserved;                        /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR   outputBitStream;                 /**< [in]: Specifies the pointer to output bitstream. */
+    uint32_t            bitStreamSize;                   /**< [out]: Size of generated bitstream in bytes. */
+    uint32_t            picType;                         /**< [out]: Picture type of encoded picture. See ::NV_ENC_PIC_TYPE. */
+    uint32_t            lastValidByteOffset;             /**< [out]: Offset of last valid bytes of completed bitstream */
+    uint32_t            sliceOffsets[16];                /**< [out]: Offsets of each slice */
+    uint32_t            picIdx;                          /**< [out]: Picture number */
+    uint32_t            frameAvgQP;                      /**< [out]: Average QP of the frame. */
+    uint32_t            ltrFrame          :1;            /**< [out]: Flag indicating this frame is marked as LTR frame */
+    uint32_t            reservedBitFields :31;           /**< [in]:  Reserved bit fields and must be set to 0 */
+    uint32_t            ltrFrameIdx;                     /**< [out]: Frame index associated with this LTR frame. */
+    uint32_t            intraMBCount;                    /**< [out]: For H264, Number of Intra MBs in the encoded frame. For HEVC, Number of Intra CTBs in the encoded frame. */
+    uint32_t            interMBCount;                    /**< [out]: For H264, Number of Inter MBs in the encoded frame, includes skip MBs. For HEVC, Number of Inter CTBs in the encoded frame. */
+    int32_t             averageMVX;                      /**< [out]: Average Motion Vector in X direction for the encoded frame. */
+    int32_t             averageMVY;                      /**< [out]: Average Motion Vector in y direction for the encoded frame. */
+    uint32_t            reserved1[227];                  /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*               reserved2[64];                   /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_STAT;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_STAT */
+#define NV_ENC_STAT_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2)
+
+
+/**
+ * \struct _NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD
+ * Sequence and picture paramaters payload.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD
+{
+    uint32_t            version;                         /**< [in]:  Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS_VER. */
+    uint32_t            inBufferSize;                    /**< [in]:  Specifies the size of the spsppsBuffer provided by the client */
+    uint32_t            spsId;                           /**< [in]:  Specifies the SPS id to be used in sequence header. Default value is 0.  */
+    uint32_t            ppsId;                           /**< [in]:  Specifies the PPS id to be used in picture header. Default value is 0.  */
+    void*               spsppsBuffer;                    /**< [in]:  Specifies bitstream header pointer of size NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD::inBufferSize.
+                                                                     It is the client's responsibility to manage this memory. */
+    uint32_t*           outSPSPPSPayloadSize;            /**< [out]: Size of the sequence and picture header in bytes. */
+    uint32_t            reserved [250];                  /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*               reserved2[64];                   /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD */
+#define NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+
+/**
+ * Event registration/unregistration parameters.
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t            version;                          /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS_VER. */
+    uint32_t            reserved;                         /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0 */
+    void*               completionEvent;                  /**< [in]: Handle to event to be registered/unregistered with the NvEncodeAPI interface. */
+    uint32_t            reserved1[254];                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0    */
+    void*               reserved2[64];                    /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS */
+#define NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2)
+
+/**
+ * Encoder Session Creation parameters
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSIONEX_PARAMS
+{
+    uint32_t            version;                          /**< [in]: Struct version. Must be set to ::NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSION_EX_PARAMS_VER. */
+    NV_ENC_DEVICE_TYPE  deviceType;                       /**< [in]: Specified the device Type */
+    void*               device;                           /**< [in]: Pointer to client device. */
+    void*               reserved;                         /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0. */
+    uint32_t            apiVersion;                       /**< [in]: API version. Should be set to NVENCAPI_VERSION. */
+    uint32_t            reserved1[253];                   /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to 0    */
+    void*               reserved2[64];                    /**< [in]: Reserved and must be set to NULL */
+} NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSION_EX_PARAMS;
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSIONEX_PARAMS */
+#define NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSION_EX_PARAMS_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(1)
+
+/** @} */ /* END ENCODER_STRUCTURE */
+
+
+/**
+ * \addtogroup ENCODE_FUNC NvEncodeAPI Functions
+ * @{
+ */
+
+// NvEncOpenEncodeSession
+/**
+ * \brief Opens an encoding session.
+ *
+ * Deprecated.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_CALL\n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncOpenEncodeSession                     (void* device, uint32_t deviceType, void** encoder);
+
+// NvEncGetEncodeGuidCount
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieves the number of supported encode GUIDs.
+ *
+ * The function returns the number of codec GUIDs supported by the NvEncodeAPI
+ * interface.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [out] encodeGUIDCount
+ *   Number of supported encode GUIDs.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodeGUIDCount                    (void* encoder, uint32_t* encodeGUIDCount);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodeGUIDs
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieves an array of supported encoder codec GUIDs.
+ *
+ * The function returns an array of codec GUIDs supported by the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * The client must allocate an array where the NvEncodeAPI interface can
+ * fill the supported GUIDs and pass the pointer in \p *GUIDs parameter.
+ * The size of the array can be determined by using ::NvEncGetEncodeGUIDCount() API.
+ * The Nvidia Encoding interface returns the number of codec GUIDs it has actually
+ * filled in the GUID array in the \p GUIDCount parameter.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] guidArraySize
+ *   Number of GUIDs to retrieved. Should be set to the number retrieved using
+ *   ::NvEncGetEncodeGUIDCount.
+ * \param [out] GUIDs
+ *   Array of supported Encode GUIDs.
+ * \param [out] GUIDCount
+ *   Number of supported Encode GUIDs.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodeGUIDs                        (void* encoder, GUID* GUIDs, uint32_t guidArraySize, uint32_t* GUIDCount);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodeProfileGuidCount
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieves the number of supported profile GUIDs.
+ *
+ * The function returns the number of profile GUIDs supported for a given codec.
+ * The client must first enumerate the codec GUIDs supported by the NvEncodeAPI
+ * interface. After determining the codec GUID, it can query the NvEncodeAPI
+ * interface to determine the number of profile GUIDs supported for a particular
+ * codec GUID.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   The codec GUID for which the profile GUIDs are being enumerated.
+ * \param [out] encodeProfileGUIDCount
+ *   Number of encode profiles supported for the given encodeGUID.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDCount                    (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, uint32_t* encodeProfileGUIDCount);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDs
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieves an array of supported encode profile GUIDs.
+ *
+ * The function returns an array of supported profile GUIDs for a particular
+ * codec GUID. The client must allocate an array where the NvEncodeAPI interface
+ * can populate the profile GUIDs. The client can determine the array size using
+ * ::NvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDCount() API. The client must also validiate that the
+ * NvEncodeAPI interface supports the GUID the client wants to pass as \p encodeGUID
+ * parameter.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   The encode GUID whose profile GUIDs are being enumerated.
+ * \param [in] guidArraySize
+ *   Number of GUIDs to be retrieved. Should be set to the number retrieved using
+ *   ::NvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDCount.
+ * \param [out] profileGUIDs
+ *   Array of supported Encode Profile GUIDs
+ * \param [out] GUIDCount
+ *   Number of valid encode profile GUIDs in \p profileGUIDs array.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDs                               (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID* profileGUIDs, uint32_t guidArraySize, uint32_t* GUIDCount);
+
+// NvEncGetInputFormatCount
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieve the number of supported Input formats.
+ *
+ * The function returns the number of supported input formats. The client must
+ * query the NvEncodeAPI interface to determine the supported input formats
+ * before creating the input surfaces.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   Encode GUID, corresponding to which the number of supported input formats
+ *   is to be retrieved.
+ * \param [out] inputFmtCount
+ *   Number of input formats supported for specified Encode GUID.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetInputFormatCount                   (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, uint32_t* inputFmtCount);
+
+
+// NvEncGetInputFormats
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieves an array of supported Input formats
+ *
+ * Returns an array of supported input formats  The client must use the input
+ * format to create input surface using ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() API.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   Encode GUID, corresponding to which the number of supported input formats
+ *   is to be retrieved.
+ *\param [in] inputFmtArraySize
+ *   Size input format count array passed in \p inputFmts.
+ *\param [out] inputFmts
+ *   Array of input formats supported for this Encode GUID.
+ *\param [out] inputFmtCount
+ *   The number of valid input format types returned by the NvEncodeAPI
+ *   interface in \p inputFmts array.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetInputFormats                       (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT* inputFmts, uint32_t inputFmtArraySize, uint32_t* inputFmtCount);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodeCaps
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieves the capability value for a specified encoder attribute.
+ *
+ * The function returns the capability value for a given encoder attribute. The
+ * client must validate the encodeGUID using ::NvEncGetEncodeGUIDs() API before
+ * calling this function. The encoder attribute being queried are enumerated in
+ * ::NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM enum.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   Encode GUID, corresponding to which the capability attribute is to be retrieved.
+ * \param [in] capsParam
+ *   Used to specify attribute being queried. Refer ::NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM for  more
+ * details.
+ * \param [out] capsVal
+ *   The value corresponding to the capability attribute being queried.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodeCaps                     (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM* capsParam, int* capsVal);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodePresetCount
+/**
+ * \brief Retrieves the number of supported preset GUIDs.
+ *
+ * The function returns the number of preset GUIDs available for a given codec.
+ * The client must validate the codec GUID using ::NvEncGetEncodeGUIDs() API
+ * before calling this function.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   Encode GUID, corresponding to which the number of supported presets is to
+ *   be retrieved.
+ * \param [out] encodePresetGUIDCount
+ *   Receives the number of supported preset GUIDs.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodePresetCount              (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, uint32_t* encodePresetGUIDCount);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodePresetGUIDs
+/**
+ * \brief Receives an array of supported encoder preset GUIDs.
+ *
+ * The function returns an array of encode preset GUIDs available for a given codec.
+ * The client can directly use one of the preset GUIDs based upon the use case
+ * or target device. The preset GUID chosen can be directly used in
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::presetGUID parameter to ::NvEncEncodePicture() API.
+ * Alternately client can  also use the preset GUID to retrieve the encoding config
+ * parameters being used by NvEncodeAPI interface for that given preset, using
+ * ::NvEncGetEncodePresetConfig() API. It can then modify preset config parameters
+ * as per its use case and send it to NvEncodeAPI interface as part of
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::encodeConfig parameter for NvEncInitializeEncoder()
+ * API.
+ *
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   Encode GUID, corresponding to which the list of supported presets is to be
+ *   retrieved.
+ * \param [in] guidArraySize
+ *   Size of array of preset GUIDs passed in \p preset GUIDs
+ * \param [out] presetGUIDs
+ *   Array of supported Encode preset GUIDs from the NvEncodeAPI interface
+ *   to client.
+ * \param [out] encodePresetGUIDCount
+ *   Receives the number of preset GUIDs returned by the NvEncodeAPI
+ *   interface.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodePresetGUIDs                  (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID* presetGUIDs, uint32_t guidArraySize, uint32_t* encodePresetGUIDCount);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodePresetConfig
+/**
+ * \brief Returns a preset config structure supported for given preset GUID.
+ *
+ * The function returns a preset config structure for a given preset GUID.
+ * NvEncGetEncodePresetConfig() API is not applicable to AV1.
+ * Before using this function the client must enumerate the preset GUIDs available for
+ * a given codec. The preset config structure can be modified by the client depending
+ * upon its use case and can be then used to initialize the encoder using
+ * ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API. The client can use this function only if it
+ * wants to modify the NvEncodeAPI preset configuration, otherwise it can
+ * directly use the preset GUID.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   Encode GUID, corresponding to which the list of supported presets is to be
+ *   retrieved.
+ * \param [in] presetGUID
+ *   Preset GUID, corresponding to which the Encoding configurations is to be
+ *   retrieved.
+ * \param [out] presetConfig
+ *   The requested Preset Encoder Attribute set. Refer ::_NV_ENC_CONFIG for
+*    more details.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodePresetConfig               (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID  presetGUID, NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG* presetConfig);
+
+// NvEncGetEncodePresetConfigEx
+/**
+ * \brief Returns a preset config structure supported for given preset GUID.
+ *
+ * The function returns a preset config structure for a given preset GUID and tuning info.
+ * NvEncGetEncodePresetConfigEx() API is not applicable to H264 and HEVC meonly mode.
+ * Before using this function the client must enumerate the preset GUIDs available for
+ * a given codec. The preset config structure can be modified by the client depending
+ * upon its use case and can be then used to initialize the encoder using
+ * ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API. The client can use this function only if it
+ * wants to modify the NvEncodeAPI preset configuration, otherwise it can
+ * directly use the preset GUID.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encodeGUID
+ *   Encode GUID, corresponding to which the list of supported presets is to be
+ *   retrieved.
+ * \param [in] presetGUID
+ *   Preset GUID, corresponding to which the Encoding configurations is to be
+ *   retrieved.
+ * \param [in] tuningInfo
+ *   tuning info, corresponding to which the Encoding configurations is to be
+ *   retrieved.
+ * \param [out] presetConfig
+ *   The requested Preset Encoder Attribute set. Refer ::_NV_ENC_CONFIG for
+ *    more details.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodePresetConfigEx               (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID  presetGUID, NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO tuningInfo, NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG* presetConfig);
+
+// NvEncInitializeEncoder
+/**
+ * \brief Initialize the encoder.
+ *
+ * This API must be used to initialize the encoder. The initialization parameter
+ * is passed using \p *createEncodeParams  The client must send the following
+ * fields of the _NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS structure with a valid value.
+ * - NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::encodeGUID
+ * - NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::encodeWidth
+ * - NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::encodeHeight
+ *
+ * The client can pass a preset GUID directly to the NvEncodeAPI interface using
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::presetGUID field. If the client doesn't pass
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::encodeConfig structure, the codec specific parameters
+ * will be selected based on the preset GUID. The preset GUID must have been
+ * validated by the client using ::NvEncGetEncodePresetGUIDs() API.
+ * If the client passes a custom ::_NV_ENC_CONFIG structure through
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::encodeConfig , it will override the codec specific parameters
+ * based on the preset GUID. It is recommended that even if the client passes a custom config,
+ * it should also send a preset GUID. In this case, the preset GUID passed by the client
+ * will not override any of the custom config parameters programmed by the client,
+ * it is only used as a hint by the NvEncodeAPI interface to determine certain encoder parameters
+ * which are not exposed to the client.
+ *
+ * There are two modes of operation for the encoder namely:
+ * - Asynchronous mode
+ * - Synchronous mode
+ *
+ * The client can select asynchronous or synchronous mode by setting the \p
+ * enableEncodeAsync field in ::_NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS to 1 or 0 respectively.
+ *\par Asynchronous mode of operation:
+ * The Asynchronous mode can be enabled by setting NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableEncodeAsync to 1.
+ * The client operating in asynchronous mode must allocate completion event object
+ * for each output buffer and pass the completion event object in the
+ * ::NvEncEncodePicture() API. The client can create another thread and wait on
+ * the event object to be signaled by NvEncodeAPI interface on completion of the
+ * encoding process for the output frame. This should unblock the main thread from
+ * submitting work to the encoder. When the event is signaled the client can call
+ * NvEncodeAPI interfaces to copy the bitstream data using ::NvEncLockBitstream()
+ * API. This is the preferred mode of operation.
+ *
+ * NOTE: Asynchronous mode is not supported on Linux.
+ *
+ *\par Synchronous mode of operation:
+ * The client can select synchronous mode by setting NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableEncodeAsync to 0.
+ * The client working in synchronous mode can work in a single threaded or multi
+ * threaded mode. The client need not allocate any event objects. The client can
+ * only lock the bitstream data after NvEncodeAPI interface has returned
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS from encode picture. The NvEncodeAPI interface can return
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT error code from ::NvEncEncodePicture() API. The
+ * client must not lock the output buffer in such case but should send the next
+ * frame for encoding. The client must keep on calling ::NvEncEncodePicture() API
+ * until it returns ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS. \n
+ * The client must always lock the bitstream data in order in which it has submitted.
+ * This is true for both asynchronous and synchronous mode.
+ *
+ *\par Picture type decision:
+ * If the client is taking the picture type decision and it must disable the picture
+ * type decision module in NvEncodeAPI by setting NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD
+ * to 0. In this case the client is  required to send the picture in encoding
+ * order to NvEncodeAPI by doing the re-ordering for B frames. \n
+ * If the client doesn't want to take the picture type decision it can enable
+ * picture type decision module in the NvEncodeAPI interface by setting
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD to 1 and send the input pictures in display
+ * order.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] createEncodeParams
+ *   Refer ::_NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS for details.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncInitializeEncoder                     (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS* createEncodeParams);
+
+
+// NvEncCreateInputBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Allocates Input buffer.
+ *
+ * This function is used to allocate an input buffer. The client must enumerate
+ * the input buffer format before allocating the input buffer resources. The
+ * NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR returned by the NvEncodeAPI interface in the
+ * NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER::inputBuffer field can be directly used in
+ * ::NvEncEncodePicture() API. The number of input buffers to be allocated by the
+ * client must be at least 4 more than the number of B frames being used for encoding.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] createInputBufferParams
+ *  Pointer to the ::NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncCreateInputBuffer                     (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER* createInputBufferParams);
+
+
+// NvEncDestroyInputBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Release an input buffers.
+ *
+ * This function is used to free an input buffer. If the client has allocated
+ * any input buffer using ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() API, it must free those
+ * input buffers by calling this function. The client must release the input
+ * buffers before destroying the encoder using ::NvEncDestroyEncoder() API.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] inputBuffer
+ *   Pointer to the input buffer to be released.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncDestroyInputBuffer                    (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR inputBuffer);
+
+// NvEncSetIOCudaStreams
+/**
+ * \brief Set input and output CUDA stream for specified encoder attribute.
+ *
+ * Encoding may involve CUDA pre-processing on the input and post-processing on encoded output.
+ * This function is used to set input and output CUDA streams to pipeline the CUDA pre-processing
+ * and post-processing tasks. Clients should call this function before the call to
+ * NvEncUnlockInputBuffer(). If this function is not called, the default CUDA stream is used for
+ * input and output processing. After a successful call to this function, the streams specified
+ * in that call will replace the previously-used streams.
+ * This API is supported for NVCUVID interface only.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] inputStream
+ *   Pointer to CUstream which is used to process ::NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::inputFrame for encode.
+ *   In case of ME-only mode, inputStream is used to process ::NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS::inputBuffer and
+ *   ::NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS::referenceFrame
+ * \param [in] outputStream
+ *  Pointer to CUstream which is used to process ::NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::outputBuffer for encode.
+ *  In case of ME-only mode, outputStream is used to process ::NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS::mvBuffer
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncSetIOCudaStreams                     (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CUSTREAM_PTR inputStream, NV_ENC_CUSTREAM_PTR outputStream);
+
+
+// NvEncCreateBitstreamBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Allocates an output bitstream buffer
+ *
+ * This function is used to allocate an output bitstream buffer and returns a
+ * NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR to bitstream  buffer to the client in the
+ * NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER::bitstreamBuffer field.
+ * The client can only call this function after the encoder session has been
+ * initialized using ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API. The minimum number of output
+ * buffers allocated by the client must be at least 4 more than the number of B
+ * B frames being used for encoding. The client can only access the output
+ * bitstream data by locking the \p bitstreamBuffer using the ::NvEncLockBitstream()
+ * function.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] createBitstreamBufferParams
+ *   Pointer ::NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER for details.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncCreateBitstreamBuffer                 (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER* createBitstreamBufferParams);
+
+
+// NvEncDestroyBitstreamBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Release a bitstream buffer.
+ *
+ * This function is used to release the output bitstream buffer allocated using
+ * the ::NvEncCreateBitstreamBuffer() function. The client must release the output
+ * bitstreamBuffer using this function before destroying the encoder session.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] bitstreamBuffer
+ *   Pointer to the bitstream buffer being released.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncDestroyBitstreamBuffer                (void* encoder, NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR bitstreamBuffer);
+
+// NvEncEncodePicture
+/**
+ * \brief Submit an input picture for encoding.
+ *
+ * This function is used to submit an input picture buffer for encoding. The
+ * encoding parameters are passed using \p *encodePicParams which is a pointer
+ * to the ::_NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS structure.
+ *
+ * If the client has set NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD to 0, then it must
+ * send a valid value for the following fields.
+ * - NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::pictureType
+ * - NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264::displayPOCSyntax (H264 only)
+ * - NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264::frameNumSyntax(H264 only)
+ * - NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_H264::refPicFlag(H264 only)
+ *
+ *\par MVC Encoding:
+ * For MVC encoding the client must call encode picture API for each view separately
+ * and must pass valid view id in NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS_MVC::viewID field. Currently
+ * NvEncodeAPI only support stereo MVC so client must send viewID as 0 for base
+ * view and view ID as 1 for dependent view.
+ *
+ *\par Asynchronous Encoding
+ * If the client has enabled asynchronous mode of encoding by setting
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableEncodeAsync to 1 in the ::NvEncInitializeEncoder()
+ * API ,then the client must send a valid NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::completionEvent.
+ * Incase of asynchronous mode of operation, client can queue the ::NvEncEncodePicture()
+ * API commands from the main thread and then queue output buffers to be processed
+ * to a secondary worker thread. Before the locking the output buffers in the
+ * secondary thread , the client must wait on NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS::completionEvent
+ * it has queued in ::NvEncEncodePicture() API call. The client must always process
+ * completion event and the output buffer in the same order in which they have been
+ * submitted for encoding. The NvEncodeAPI interface is responsible for any
+ * re-ordering required for B frames and will always ensure that encoded bitstream
+ * data is written in the same order in which output buffer is submitted.
+ * The NvEncodeAPI interface may return ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT error code for
+ * some ::NvEncEncodePicture() API calls but the client must not treat it as a fatal error.
+ * The NvEncodeAPI interface might not be able to submit an input picture buffer for encoding
+ * immediately due to re-ordering for B frames.
+ *\code
+  The below example shows how  asynchronous encoding in case of 1 B frames
+  ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+  Suppose the client allocated 4 input buffers(I1,I2..), 4 output buffers(O1,O2..)
+  and 4 completion events(E1, E2, ...). The NvEncodeAPI interface will need to
+  keep a copy of the input buffers for re-ordering and it allocates following
+  internal buffers (NvI1, NvI2...). These internal buffers are managed by NvEncodeAPI
+  and the client is not responsible for the allocating or freeing the memory of
+  the internal buffers.
+
+  a) The client main thread will queue the following encode frame calls.
+  Note the picture type is unknown to the client, the decision is being taken by
+  NvEncodeAPI interface. The client should pass ::_NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS parameter
+  consisting of allocated input buffer, output buffer and output events in successive
+  ::NvEncEncodePicture() API calls along with other required encode picture params.
+  For example:
+  1st EncodePicture parameters - (I1, O1, E1)
+  2nd EncodePicture parameters - (I2, O2, E2)
+  3rd EncodePicture parameters - (I3, O3, E3)
+
+  b) NvEncodeAPI SW will receive the following encode Commands from the client.
+  The left side shows input from client in the form (Input buffer, Output Buffer,
+  Output Event). The right hand side shows a possible picture type decision take by
+  the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+  (I1, O1, E1)    ---P1 Frame
+  (I2, O2, E2)    ---B2 Frame
+  (I3, O3, E3)    ---P3 Frame
+
+  c) NvEncodeAPI interface will make a copy of the input buffers to its internal
+   buffers for re-ordering. These copies are done as part of nvEncEncodePicture
+   function call from the client and NvEncodeAPI interface is responsible for
+   synchronization of copy operation with the actual encoding operation.
+   I1 --> NvI1
+   I2 --> NvI2
+   I3 --> NvI3
+
+   d) The NvEncodeAPI encodes I1 as P frame and submits I1 to encoder HW and returns ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS.
+   The NvEncodeAPI tries to encode I2 as B frame and fails with ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT error code.
+   The error is not fatal and it notifies client that I2 is not submitted to encoder immediately.
+   The NvEncodeAPI encodes I3 as P frame and submits I3 for encoding which will be used as  backward
+   reference frame for I2. The NvEncodeAPI then submits I2 for encoding and returns ::NV_ENC_SUCESS.
+   Both the submission are part of the same ::NvEncEncodePicture() function call.
+
+  e) After returning from ::NvEncEncodePicture() call , the client must queue the output
+   bitstream  processing work to the secondary thread. The output bitstream processing
+   for asynchronous mode consist of first waiting on completion event(E1, E2..)
+   and then locking the output bitstream buffer(O1, O2..) for reading the encoded
+   data. The work queued to the secondary thread by the client is in the following order
+   (I1, O1, E1)
+   (I2, O2, E2)
+   (I3, O3, E3)
+   Note they are in the same order in which client calls ::NvEncEncodePicture() API
+   in \p step a).
+
+  f) NvEncodeAPI interface  will do the re-ordering such that Encoder HW will receive
+  the following encode commands:
+  (NvI1, O1, E1)   ---P1 Frame
+  (NvI3, O2, E2)   ---P3 Frame
+  (NvI2, O3, E3)   ---B2 frame
+
+  g) After the encoding operations are completed, the events will be signaled
+  by NvEncodeAPI interface in the following order :
+  (O1, E1) ---P1 Frame ,output bitstream copied to O1 and event E1 signaled.
+  (O2, E2) ---P3 Frame ,output bitstream copied to O2 and event E2 signaled.
+  (O3, E3) ---B2 Frame ,output bitstream copied to O3 and event E3 signaled.
+
+  h) The client must lock the bitstream data using ::NvEncLockBitstream() API in
+   the order O1,O2,O3  to read the encoded data, after waiting for the events
+   to be signaled in the same order i.e E1, E2 and E3.The output processing is
+   done in the secondary thread in the following order:
+   Waits on E1, copies encoded bitstream from O1
+   Waits on E2, copies encoded bitstream from O2
+   Waits on E3, copies encoded bitstream from O3
+
+  -Note the client will receive the events signaling and output buffer in the
+   same order in which they have submitted for encoding.
+  -Note the LockBitstream will have picture type field which will notify the
+   output picture type to the clients.
+  -Note the input, output buffer and the output completion event are free to be
+   reused once NvEncodeAPI interfaced has signaled the event and the client has
+   copied the data from the output buffer.
+
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ *\par Synchronous Encoding
+ * The client can enable synchronous mode of encoding by setting
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enableEncodeAsync to 0 in ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API.
+ * The NvEncodeAPI interface may return ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT error code for
+ * some ::NvEncEncodePicture() API calls when NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::enablePTD
+ * is set to 1, but the client must not treat it as a fatal error. The NvEncodeAPI
+ * interface might not be able to submit an input picture buffer for encoding
+ * immediately due to re-ordering for B frames. The NvEncodeAPI interface cannot
+ * submit the input picture which is decided to be encoded as B frame as it waits
+ * for backward reference from  temporally subsequent frames. This input picture
+ * is buffered internally and waits for more input picture to arrive. The client
+ * must not call ::NvEncLockBitstream() API on the output buffers whose
+ * ::NvEncEncodePicture() API returns ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT. The client must
+ * wait for the NvEncodeAPI interface to return ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS before locking the
+ * output bitstreams to read the encoded bitstream data. The following example
+ * explains the scenario with synchronous encoding with 2 B frames.
+ *\code
+ The below example shows how  synchronous encoding works in case of 1 B frames
+ -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ Suppose the client allocated 4 input buffers(I1,I2..), 4 output buffers(O1,O2..)
+ and 4 completion events(E1, E2, ...). The NvEncodeAPI interface will need to
+ keep a copy of the input buffers for re-ordering and it allocates following
+ internal buffers (NvI1, NvI2...). These internal buffers are managed by NvEncodeAPI
+ and the client is not responsible for the allocating or freeing the memory of
+ the internal buffers.
+
+ The client calls ::NvEncEncodePicture() API with input buffer I1 and output buffer O1.
+ The NvEncodeAPI decides to encode I1 as P frame and submits it to encoder
+ HW and returns ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS.
+ The client can now read the encoded data by locking the output O1 by calling
+ NvEncLockBitstream API.
+
+ The client calls ::NvEncEncodePicture() API with input buffer I2 and output buffer O2.
+ The NvEncodeAPI decides to encode I2 as B frame and buffers I2 by copying it
+ to internal buffer and returns ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT.
+ The error is not fatal and it notifies client that it cannot read the encoded
+ data by locking the output O2 by calling ::NvEncLockBitstream() API without submitting
+ more work to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+
+ The client calls ::NvEncEncodePicture() with input buffer I3 and output buffer O3.
+ The NvEncodeAPI decides to encode I3 as P frame and it first submits I3 for
+ encoding which will be used as backward reference frame for I2.
+ The NvEncodeAPI then submits I2 for encoding and returns ::NV_ENC_SUCESS. Both
+ the submission are part of the same ::NvEncEncodePicture() function call.
+ The client can now read the encoded data for both the frames by locking the output
+ O2 followed by  O3 ,by calling ::NvEncLockBitstream() API.
+
+ The client must always lock the output in the same order in which it has submitted
+ to receive the encoded bitstream in correct encoding order.
+
+ * \endcode
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] encodePicParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_BUSY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncEncodePicture                         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS* encodePicParams);
+
+
+// NvEncLockBitstream
+/**
+ * \brief Lock output bitstream buffer
+ *
+ * This function is used to lock the bitstream buffer to read the encoded data.
+ * The client can only access the encoded data by calling this function.
+ * The pointer to client accessible encoded data is returned in the
+ * NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::bitstreamBufferPtr field. The size of the encoded data
+ * in the output buffer is returned in the NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::bitstreamSizeInBytes
+ * The NvEncodeAPI interface also returns the output picture type and picture structure
+ * of the encoded frame in NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::pictureType and
+ * NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::pictureStruct fields respectively. If the client has
+ * set NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::doNotWait to 1, the function might return
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_LOCK_BUSY if client is operating in synchronous mode. This is not
+ * a fatal failure if NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM::doNotWait is set to 1. In the above case the client can
+ * retry the function after few milliseconds.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] lockBitstreamBufferParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_LOCK_BUSY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncLockBitstream                         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM* lockBitstreamBufferParams);
+
+
+// NvEncUnlockBitstream
+/**
+ * \brief Unlock the output bitstream buffer
+ *
+ * This function is used to unlock the output bitstream buffer after the client
+ * has read the encoded data from output buffer. The client must call this function
+ * to unlock the output buffer which it has previously locked using ::NvEncLockBitstream()
+ * function. Using a locked bitstream buffer in ::NvEncEncodePicture() API will cause
+ * the function to fail.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] bitstreamBuffer
+ *   bitstream buffer pointer being unlocked
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncUnlockBitstream                       (void* encoder, NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR bitstreamBuffer);
+
+// NvEncRestoreEncoderState
+/**
+ * \brief Restore state of encoder
+ *
+ * This function is used to restore the state of encoder with state saved internally in
+ * state buffer corresponding to index equal to 'NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS::bfrIndex'.
+ * Client can specify the state type to be updated by specifying appropriate value in
+ * 'NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS::state'. The client must call this
+ * function after all previous encodes have finished.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] restoreState
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS structure
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncRestoreEncoderState                    (void* encoder, NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS* restoreState);
+
+// NvLockInputBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Locks an input buffer
+ *
+ * This function is used to lock the input buffer to load the uncompressed YUV
+ * pixel data into input buffer memory. The client must pass the NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR
+ * it had previously allocated using ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer()in the
+ * NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER::inputBuffer field.
+ * The NvEncodeAPI interface returns pointer to client accessible input buffer
+ * memory in NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER::bufferDataPtr field.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] lockInputBufferParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER structure
+ *
+ * \return
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_LOCK_BUSY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncLockInputBuffer                      (void* encoder, NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER* lockInputBufferParams);
+
+
+// NvUnlockInputBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Unlocks the input buffer
+ *
+ * This function is used to unlock the input buffer memory previously locked for
+ * uploading YUV pixel data. The input buffer must be unlocked before being used
+ * again for encoding, otherwise NvEncodeAPI will fail the ::NvEncEncodePicture()
+ *
+  * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] inputBuffer
+ *   Pointer to the input buffer that is being unlocked.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncUnlockInputBuffer                     (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR inputBuffer);
+
+
+// NvEncGetEncodeStats
+/**
+ * \brief Get encoding statistics.
+ *
+ * This function is used to retrieve the encoding statistics.
+ * This API is not supported when encode device type is CUDA.
+ * Note that this API will be removed in future Video Codec SDK release.
+ * Clients should use NvEncLockBitstream() API to retrieve the encoding statistics.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] encodeStats
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_STAT structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetEncodeStats                        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_STAT* encodeStats);
+
+
+// NvEncGetSequenceParams
+/**
+ * \brief Get encoded sequence and picture header.
+ *
+ * This function can be used to retrieve the sequence and picture header out of
+ * band. The client must call this function only after the encoder has been
+ * initialized using ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() function. The client must
+ * allocate the memory where the NvEncodeAPI interface can copy the bitstream
+ * header and pass the pointer to the memory in NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD::spsppsBuffer.
+ * The size of buffer is passed in the field  NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD::inBufferSize.
+ * The NvEncodeAPI interface will copy the bitstream header payload and returns
+ * the actual size of the bitstream header in the field
+ * NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD::outSPSPPSPayloadSize.
+ * The client must call  ::NvEncGetSequenceParams() function from the same thread which is
+ * being used to call ::NvEncEncodePicture() function.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] sequenceParamPayload
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetSequenceParams                     (void* encoder, NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD* sequenceParamPayload);
+
+// NvEncGetSequenceParamEx
+/**
+ * \brief Get sequence and picture header.
+ *
+ * This function can be used to retrieve the sequence and picture header out of band, even when
+ * encoder has not been initialized using ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() function.
+ * The client must allocate the memory where the NvEncodeAPI interface can copy the bitstream
+ * header and pass the pointer to the memory in NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD::spsppsBuffer.
+ * The size of buffer is passed in the field  NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD::inBufferSize.
+ * If encoder has not been initialized using ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() function, client must
+ * send NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS as input. The NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS passed must be same as the
+ * one which will be used for initializing encoder using ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() function later.
+ * If encoder is already initialized using ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() function, the provided
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS structure is ignored. The NvEncodeAPI interface will copy the bitstream
+ * header payload and returns the actual size of the bitstream header in the field
+ * NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD::outSPSPPSPayloadSize. The client must call  ::NvEncGetSequenceParamsEx()
+ * function from the same thread which is being used to call ::NvEncEncodePicture() function.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] encInitParams
+ *   Pointer to the _NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS structure.
+ * \param [in,out] sequenceParamPayload
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncGetSequenceParamEx                     (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS* encInitParams, NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD* sequenceParamPayload);
+
+// NvEncRegisterAsyncEvent
+/**
+ * \brief Register event for notification to encoding completion.
+ *
+ * This function is used to register the completion event with NvEncodeAPI
+ * interface. The event is required when the client has configured the encoder to
+ * work in asynchronous mode. In this mode the client needs to send a completion
+ * event with every output buffer. The NvEncodeAPI interface will signal the
+ * completion of the encoding process using this event. Only after the event is
+ * signaled the client can get the encoded data using ::NvEncLockBitstream() function.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] eventParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncRegisterAsyncEvent                    (void* encoder, NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS* eventParams);
+
+
+// NvEncUnregisterAsyncEvent
+/**
+ * \brief Unregister completion event.
+ *
+ * This function is used to unregister completion event which has been previously
+ * registered using ::NvEncRegisterAsyncEvent() function. The client must unregister
+ * all events before destroying the encoder using ::NvEncDestroyEncoder() function.
+ *
+  * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] eventParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncUnregisterAsyncEvent                  (void* encoder, NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS* eventParams);
+
+
+// NvEncMapInputResource
+/**
+ * \brief Map an externally created input resource pointer for encoding.
+ *
+ * Maps an externally allocated input resource [using and returns a NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR
+ * which can be used for encoding in the ::NvEncEncodePicture() function. The
+ * mapped resource is returned in the field NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE::outputResourcePtr.
+ * The NvEncodeAPI interface also returns the buffer format of the mapped resource
+ * in the field NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE::outbufferFmt.
+ * This function provides synchronization guarantee that any graphics work submitted
+ * on the input buffer is completed before the buffer is used for encoding. This is
+ * also true for compute (i.e. CUDA) work, provided that the previous workload using
+ * the input resource was submitted to the default stream.
+ * The client should not access any input buffer while they are mapped by the encoder.
+ * For D3D12 interface type, this function does not provide synchronization guarantee.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] mapInputResParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_REGISTERED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_MAP_FAILED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncMapInputResource                         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE* mapInputResParams);
+
+
+// NvEncUnmapInputResource
+/**
+ * \brief  UnMaps a NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR  which was mapped for encoding
+ *
+ *
+ * UnMaps an input buffer which was previously mapped using ::NvEncMapInputResource()
+ * API. The mapping created using ::NvEncMapInputResource() should be invalidated
+ * using this API before the external resource is destroyed by the client. The client
+ * must unmap the buffer after ::NvEncLockBitstream() API returns successfully for encode
+ * work submitted using the mapped input buffer.
+ *
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] mappedInputBuffer
+ *   Pointer to the NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_REGISTERED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_MAPPED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncUnmapInputResource                         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR mappedInputBuffer);
+
+// NvEncDestroyEncoder
+/**
+ * \brief Destroy Encoding Session
+ *
+ * Destroys the encoder session previously created using ::NvEncOpenEncodeSession()
+ * function. The client must flush the encoder before freeing any resources. In order
+ * to flush the encoder the client must pass a NULL encode picture packet and either
+ * wait for the ::NvEncEncodePicture() function to return in synchronous mode or wait
+ * for the flush event to be signaled by the encoder in asynchronous mode.
+ * The client must free all the input and output resources created using the
+ * NvEncodeAPI interface before destroying the encoder. If the client is operating
+ * in asynchronous mode, it must also unregister the completion events previously
+ * registered.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncDestroyEncoder                        (void* encoder);
+
+// NvEncInvalidateRefFrames
+/**
+ * \brief Invalidate reference frames
+ *
+ * Invalidates reference frame based on the time stamp provided by the client.
+ * The encoder marks any reference frames or any frames which have been reconstructed
+ * using the corrupt frame as invalid for motion estimation and uses older reference
+ * frames for motion estimation. The encoder forces the current frame to be encoded
+ * as an intra frame if no reference frames are left after invalidation process.
+ * This is useful for low latency application for error resiliency. The client
+ * is recommended to set NV_ENC_CONFIG_H264::maxNumRefFrames to a large value so
+ * that encoder can keep a backup of older reference frames in the DPB and can use them
+ * for motion estimation when the newer reference frames have been invalidated.
+ * This API can be called multiple times.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] invalidRefFrameTimeStamp
+ *   Timestamp of the invalid reference frames which needs to be invalidated.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncInvalidateRefFrames(void* encoder, uint64_t invalidRefFrameTimeStamp);
+
+// NvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx
+/**
+ * \brief Opens an encoding session.
+ *
+ * Opens an encoding session and returns a pointer to the encoder interface in
+ * the \p **encoder parameter. The client should start encoding process by calling
+ * this API first.
+ * The client must pass a pointer to IDirect3DDevice9 device or CUDA context in the \p *device parameter.
+ * For the OpenGL interface, \p device must be NULL. An OpenGL context must be current when
+ * calling all NvEncodeAPI functions.
+ * If the creation of encoder session fails, the client must call ::NvEncDestroyEncoder API
+ * before exiting.
+ *
+ * \param [in] openSessionExParams
+ *    Pointer to a ::NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSION_EX_PARAMS structure.
+ * \param [out] encoder
+ *    Encode Session pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_NO_ENCODE_DEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_DEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx                   (NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSION_EX_PARAMS *openSessionExParams, void** encoder);
+
+// NvEncRegisterResource
+/**
+ * \brief Registers a resource with the Nvidia Video Encoder Interface.
+ *
+ * Registers a resource with the Nvidia Video Encoder Interface for book keeping.
+ * The client is expected to pass the registered resource handle as well, while calling ::NvEncMapInputResource API.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NVEncodeAPI interface.
+ *
+ * \param [in] registerResParams
+ *   Pointer to a ::_NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE structure
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_REGISTER_FAILED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncRegisterResource                      (void* encoder, NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE* registerResParams);
+
+// NvEncUnregisterResource
+/**
+ * \brief Unregisters a resource previously registered with the Nvidia Video Encoder Interface.
+ *
+ * Unregisters a resource previously registered with the Nvidia Video Encoder Interface.
+ * The client is expected to unregister any resource that it has registered with the
+ * Nvidia Video Encoder Interface before destroying the resource.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NVEncodeAPI interface.
+ *
+ * \param [in] registeredResource
+ *   The registered resource pointer that was returned in ::NvEncRegisterResource.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_RESOURCE_NOT_REGISTERED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNIMPLEMENTED \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncUnregisterResource                    (void* encoder, NV_ENC_REGISTERED_PTR registeredResource);
+
+// NvEncReconfigureEncoder
+/**
+ * \brief Reconfigure an existing encoding session.
+ *
+ * Reconfigure an existing encoding session.
+ * The client should call this API to change/reconfigure the parameter passed during
+ * NvEncInitializeEncoder API call.
+ * Currently Reconfiguration of following are not supported.
+ * Change in GOP structure.
+ * Change in sync-Async mode.
+ * Change in MaxWidth & MaxHeight.
+ * Change in PTD mode.
+ *
+ * Resolution change is possible only if maxEncodeWidth & maxEncodeHeight of NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS
+ * is set while creating encoder session.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NVEncodeAPI interface.
+ *
+ * \param [in] reInitEncodeParams
+ *    Pointer to a ::NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS structure.
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_NO_ENCODE_DEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_DEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_DEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ *
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncReconfigureEncoder                   (void *encoder, NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS* reInitEncodeParams);
+
+
+
+// NvEncCreateMVBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Allocates output MV buffer for ME only mode.
+ *
+ * This function is used to allocate an output MV buffer. The size of the mvBuffer is
+ * dependent on the frame height and width of the last ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() call.
+ * The NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR returned by the NvEncodeAPI interface in the
+ * ::NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER::mvBuffer field should be used in
+ * ::NvEncRunMotionEstimationOnly() API.
+ * Client must lock ::NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER::mvBuffer using ::NvEncLockBitstream() API to get the motion vector data.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in,out] createMVBufferParams
+ *  Pointer to the ::NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncCreateMVBuffer                        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER* createMVBufferParams);
+
+
+// NvEncDestroyMVBuffer
+/**
+ * \brief Release an output MV buffer for ME only mode.
+ *
+ * This function is used to release the output MV buffer allocated using
+ * the ::NvEncCreateMVBuffer() function. The client must release the output
+ * mvBuffer using this function before destroying the encoder session.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] mvBuffer
+ *   Pointer to the mvBuffer being released.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncDestroyMVBuffer                       (void* encoder, NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR mvBuffer);
+
+
+// NvEncRunMotionEstimationOnly
+/**
+ * \brief Submit an input picture and reference frame for motion estimation in ME only mode.
+ *
+ * This function is used to submit the input frame and reference frame for motion
+ * estimation. The ME parameters are passed using *meOnlyParams which is a pointer
+ * to ::_NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS structure.
+ * Client must lock ::NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER::mvBuffer using ::NvEncLockBitstream() API to get the motion vector data.
+ * to get motion vector data.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] meOnlyParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_NEED_MORE_INPUT \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncRunMotionEstimationOnly               (void* encoder, NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS* meOnlyParams);
+
+// NvEncodeAPIGetMaxSupportedVersion
+/**
+ * \brief Get the largest NvEncodeAPI version supported by the driver.
+ *
+ * This function can be used by clients to determine if the driver supports
+ * the NvEncodeAPI header the application was compiled with.
+ *
+ * \param [out] version
+ *   Pointer to the requested value. The 4 least significant bits in the returned
+ *   indicate the minor version and the rest of the bits indicate the major
+ *   version of the largest supported version.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncodeAPIGetMaxSupportedVersion          (uint32_t* version);
+
+
+// NvEncGetLastErrorString
+/**
+ * \brief Get the description of the last error reported by the API.
+ *
+ * This function returns a null-terminated string that can be used by clients to better understand the reason
+ * for failure of a previous API call.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ *
+ * \return
+ *   Pointer to buffer containing the details of the last error encountered by the API.
+ */
+const char * NVENCAPI NvEncGetLastErrorString          (void* encoder);
+
+// NvEncLookaheadPicture
+/**
+ * \brief Submit an input picture for lookahead.
+ *
+ * This function can be used by clients to submit input frame for lookahead. Client could call this function
+ * NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS::lookaheadDepth plus one number of frames, before calling NvEncEncodePicture() for the first frame.
+ *
+ * \param [in] encoder
+ *   Pointer to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ * \param [in] lookaheadParams
+ *   Pointer to the ::_NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_PIC_PARAMS structure.
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_NEED_MORE_INPUT \n  should we return this error is lookahead queue is not full?
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_ENCODER_NOT_INITIALIZED \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_GENERIC \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_ENCODERDEVICE \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_DEVICE_NOT_EXIST \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_UNSUPPORTED_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_OUT_OF_MEMORY \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PARAM \n
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_VERSION \n
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncLookaheadPicture          (void* encoder, NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_PIC_PARAMS *lookaheadParamas);
+
+/// \cond API PFN
+/*
+ *  Defines API function pointers
+ */
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCOPENENCODESESSION)         (void* device, uint32_t deviceType, void** encoder);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEGUIDCOUNT)        (void* encoder, uint32_t* encodeGUIDCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEGUIDS)            (void* encoder, GUID* GUIDs, uint32_t guidArraySize, uint32_t* GUIDCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEPROFILEGUIDCOUNT) (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, uint32_t* encodeProfileGUIDCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEPROFILEGUIDS)     (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID* profileGUIDs, uint32_t guidArraySize, uint32_t* GUIDCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETINPUTFORMATCOUNT)       (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, uint32_t* inputFmtCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETINPUTFORMATS)           (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, NV_ENC_BUFFER_FORMAT* inputFmts, uint32_t inputFmtArraySize, uint32_t* inputFmtCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODECAPS)             (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, NV_ENC_CAPS_PARAM* capsParam, int* capsVal);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETCOUNT)      (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, uint32_t* encodePresetGUIDCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETGUIDS)      (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID* presetGUIDs, uint32_t guidArraySize, uint32_t* encodePresetGUIDCount);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETCONFIG)     (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID  presetGUID, NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG* presetConfig);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETCONFIGEX)   (void* encoder, GUID encodeGUID, GUID  presetGUID, NV_ENC_TUNING_INFO tuningInfo, NV_ENC_PRESET_CONFIG* presetConfig);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCINITIALIZEENCODER)         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS* createEncodeParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCCREATEINPUTBUFFER)         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CREATE_INPUT_BUFFER* createInputBufferParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCDESTROYINPUTBUFFER)        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR inputBuffer);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCCREATEBITSTREAMBUFFER)     (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CREATE_BITSTREAM_BUFFER* createBitstreamBufferParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCDESTROYBITSTREAMBUFFER)    (void* encoder, NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR bitstreamBuffer);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCENCODEPICTURE)             (void* encoder, NV_ENC_PIC_PARAMS* encodePicParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCLOCKBITSTREAM)             (void* encoder, NV_ENC_LOCK_BITSTREAM* lockBitstreamBufferParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCUNLOCKBITSTREAM)           (void* encoder, NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR bitstreamBuffer);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCLOCKINPUTBUFFER)           (void* encoder, NV_ENC_LOCK_INPUT_BUFFER* lockInputBufferParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCUNLOCKINPUTBUFFER)         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR inputBuffer);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETENCODESTATS)            (void* encoder, NV_ENC_STAT* encodeStats);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETSEQUENCEPARAMS)         (void* encoder, NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD* sequenceParamPayload);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCREGISTERASYNCEVENT)        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS* eventParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCUNREGISTERASYNCEVENT)      (void* encoder, NV_ENC_EVENT_PARAMS* eventParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCMAPINPUTRESOURCE)          (void* encoder, NV_ENC_MAP_INPUT_RESOURCE* mapInputResParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCUNMAPINPUTRESOURCE)        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INPUT_PTR mappedInputBuffer);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCDESTROYENCODER)            (void* encoder);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCINVALIDATEREFFRAMES)       (void* encoder, uint64_t invalidRefFrameTimeStamp);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCOPENENCODESESSIONEX)       (NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSION_EX_PARAMS *openSessionExParams, void** encoder);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCREGISTERRESOURCE)          (void* encoder, NV_ENC_REGISTER_RESOURCE* registerResParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCUNREGISTERRESOURCE)        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_REGISTERED_PTR registeredRes);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCRECONFIGUREENCODER)        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_RECONFIGURE_PARAMS* reInitEncodeParams);
+
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCCREATEMVBUFFER)            (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CREATE_MV_BUFFER* createMVBufferParams);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCDESTROYMVBUFFER)           (void* encoder, NV_ENC_OUTPUT_PTR mvBuffer);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCRUNMOTIONESTIMATIONONLY)   (void* encoder, NV_ENC_MEONLY_PARAMS* meOnlyParams);
+typedef const char * (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETLASTERROR)             (void* encoder);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCSETIOCUDASTREAMS)          (void* encoder, NV_ENC_CUSTREAM_PTR inputStream, NV_ENC_CUSTREAM_PTR outputStream);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCGETSEQUENCEPARAMEX)        (void* encoder, NV_ENC_INITIALIZE_PARAMS* encInitParams, NV_ENC_SEQUENCE_PARAM_PAYLOAD* sequenceParamPayload);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCRESTOREENCODERSTATE)       (void* encoder, NV_ENC_RESTORE_ENCODER_STATE_PARAMS* restoreState);
+typedef NVENCSTATUS (NVENCAPI* PNVENCLOOKAHEADPICTURE)          (void* encoder, NV_ENC_LOOKAHEAD_PIC_PARAMS* lookaheadParams);
+
+
+/// \endcond
+
+
+/** @} */ /* END ENCODE_FUNC */
+
+/**
+ * \ingroup ENCODER_STRUCTURE
+ * NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST
+ */
+typedef struct _NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST
+{
+    uint32_t                        version;                           /**< [in]: Client should pass NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST_VER.                               */
+    uint32_t                        reserved;                          /**< [in]: Reserved and should be set to 0.                                                  */
+    PNVENCOPENENCODESESSION         nvEncOpenEncodeSession;            /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncOpenEncodeSession() API through this pointer.        */
+    PNVENCGETENCODEGUIDCOUNT        nvEncGetEncodeGUIDCount;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodeGUIDCount() API through this pointer.       */
+    PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETCOUNT      nvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDCount;    /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDCount() API through this pointer.*/
+    PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETGUIDS      nvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDs;        /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodeProfileGUIDs() API through this pointer.    */
+    PNVENCGETENCODEGUIDS            nvEncGetEncodeGUIDs;               /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodeGUIDs() API through this pointer.           */
+    PNVENCGETINPUTFORMATCOUNT       nvEncGetInputFormatCount;          /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetInputFormatCount() API through this pointer.      */
+    PNVENCGETINPUTFORMATS           nvEncGetInputFormats;              /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetInputFormats() API through this pointer.          */
+    PNVENCGETENCODECAPS             nvEncGetEncodeCaps;                /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodeCaps() API through this pointer.            */
+    PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETCOUNT      nvEncGetEncodePresetCount;         /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodePresetCount() API through this pointer.     */
+    PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETGUIDS      nvEncGetEncodePresetGUIDs;         /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodePresetGUIDs() API through this pointer.     */
+    PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETCONFIG     nvEncGetEncodePresetConfig;        /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodePresetConfig() API through this pointer.    */
+    PNVENCINITIALIZEENCODER         nvEncInitializeEncoder;            /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncInitializeEncoder() API through this pointer.        */
+    PNVENCCREATEINPUTBUFFER         nvEncCreateInputBuffer;            /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncCreateInputBuffer() API through this pointer.        */
+    PNVENCDESTROYINPUTBUFFER        nvEncDestroyInputBuffer;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncDestroyInputBuffer() API through this pointer.       */
+    PNVENCCREATEBITSTREAMBUFFER     nvEncCreateBitstreamBuffer;        /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncCreateBitstreamBuffer() API through this pointer.    */
+    PNVENCDESTROYBITSTREAMBUFFER    nvEncDestroyBitstreamBuffer;       /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncDestroyBitstreamBuffer() API through this pointer.   */
+    PNVENCENCODEPICTURE             nvEncEncodePicture;                /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncEncodePicture() API through this pointer.            */
+    PNVENCLOCKBITSTREAM             nvEncLockBitstream;                /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncLockBitstream() API through this pointer.            */
+    PNVENCUNLOCKBITSTREAM           nvEncUnlockBitstream;              /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncUnlockBitstream() API through this pointer.          */
+    PNVENCLOCKINPUTBUFFER           nvEncLockInputBuffer;              /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncLockInputBuffer() API through this pointer.          */
+    PNVENCUNLOCKINPUTBUFFER         nvEncUnlockInputBuffer;            /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncUnlockInputBuffer() API through this pointer.        */
+    PNVENCGETENCODESTATS            nvEncGetEncodeStats;               /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodeStats() API through this pointer.           */
+    PNVENCGETSEQUENCEPARAMS         nvEncGetSequenceParams;            /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetSequenceParams() API through this pointer.        */
+    PNVENCREGISTERASYNCEVENT        nvEncRegisterAsyncEvent;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncRegisterAsyncEvent() API through this pointer.       */
+    PNVENCUNREGISTERASYNCEVENT      nvEncUnregisterAsyncEvent;         /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncUnregisterAsyncEvent() API through this pointer.     */
+    PNVENCMAPINPUTRESOURCE          nvEncMapInputResource;             /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncMapInputResource() API through this pointer.         */
+    PNVENCUNMAPINPUTRESOURCE        nvEncUnmapInputResource;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncUnmapInputResource() API through this pointer.       */
+    PNVENCDESTROYENCODER            nvEncDestroyEncoder;               /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncDestroyEncoder() API through this pointer.           */
+    PNVENCINVALIDATEREFFRAMES       nvEncInvalidateRefFrames;          /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncInvalidateRefFrames() API through this pointer.      */
+    PNVENCOPENENCODESESSIONEX       nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx;          /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncOpenEncodeSession() API through this pointer.        */
+    PNVENCREGISTERRESOURCE          nvEncRegisterResource;             /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncRegisterResource() API through this pointer.         */
+    PNVENCUNREGISTERRESOURCE        nvEncUnregisterResource;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncUnregisterResource() API through this pointer.       */
+    PNVENCRECONFIGUREENCODER        nvEncReconfigureEncoder;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncReconfigureEncoder() API through this pointer.       */
+    void*                           reserved1;
+    PNVENCCREATEMVBUFFER            nvEncCreateMVBuffer;               /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncCreateMVBuffer API through this pointer.             */
+    PNVENCDESTROYMVBUFFER           nvEncDestroyMVBuffer;              /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncDestroyMVBuffer API through this pointer.            */
+    PNVENCRUNMOTIONESTIMATIONONLY   nvEncRunMotionEstimationOnly;      /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncRunMotionEstimationOnly API through this pointer.    */
+    PNVENCGETLASTERROR              nvEncGetLastErrorString;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::nvEncGetLastErrorString API through this pointer.         */
+    PNVENCSETIOCUDASTREAMS          nvEncSetIOCudaStreams;             /**< [out]: Client should access ::nvEncSetIOCudaStreams API through this pointer.           */
+    PNVENCGETENCODEPRESETCONFIGEX   nvEncGetEncodePresetConfigEx;      /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetEncodePresetConfigEx() API through this pointer.  */
+    PNVENCGETSEQUENCEPARAMEX        nvEncGetSequenceParamEx;           /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncGetSequenceParamEx() API through this pointer.       */
+    PNVENCRESTOREENCODERSTATE       nvEncRestoreEncoderState;          /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncRestoreEncoderState() API through this pointer.      */
+    PNVENCLOOKAHEADPICTURE          nvEncLookaheadPicture;             /**< [out]: Client should access ::NvEncLookaheadPicture() API through this pointer.         */
+    void*                           reserved2[275];                    /**< [in]:  Reserved and must be set to NULL                                                 */
+} NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST;
+
+/** Macro for constructing the version field of ::_NV_ENCODEAPI_FUNCTION_LIST. */
+#define NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST_VER NVENCAPI_STRUCT_VERSION(2)
+
+// NvEncodeAPICreateInstance
+/**
+ * \ingroup ENCODE_FUNC
+ * Entry Point to the NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ *
+ * Creates an instance of the NvEncodeAPI interface, and populates the
+ * pFunctionList with function pointers to the API routines implemented by the
+ * NvEncodeAPI interface.
+ *
+ * \param [out] functionList
+ *
+ * \return
+ * ::NV_ENC_SUCCESS
+ * ::NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR
+ */
+NVENCSTATUS NVENCAPI NvEncodeAPICreateInstance(NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST *functionList);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#endif
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/.gitattributes b/external/openvr/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..52929e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Set the default behavior, in case people don't have core.autocrlf set.
+* text=auto
+
+# Explicitly declare text files you want to always be normalized and converted
+# to native line endings on checkout.
+*.bat text
+*.txt text
+*.c text
+*.h text
+*.H text
+*.cc text
+*.cpp text
+*.awk text
+*.pl text
+*.py text
+*.xcconfig text
+*.vcd text
+*.vbsp text
+*.proto text
+*.inc text
+*.fxc text
+*.vsh text
+*.lst text
+*.mm text
+*.cfg text
+*.res text
+*.rc text
+*.def text
+*.vmt text
+*.inl text
+*.asm text
+
+.gitignore text
+README text
+CONTRIBUTING text
+LICENSE text
+
+# Declare files that will always have LF line endings on checkout.
+*.sh eol=lf
+
+# Denote all files that are truly binary and should not be modified.
+*.exe binary
diff --git a/external/openvr/.gitignore b/external/openvr/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e660fd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bin/
diff --git a/external/openvr/CMakeLists.txt b/external/openvr/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cd85e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+# Set the minimum required version of CMake for this project.
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.9)
+
+# Set project name.
+project(OpenVRSDK)
+
+# Fetch the version from the headers
+set(VERSION_FILE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr.h")
+
+set(VERSION_MAJOR_REGEX "\tstatic const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionMajor = (.+);")
+set(VERSION_MINOR_REGEX "\tstatic const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionMinor = (.+);")
+set(VERSION_BUILD_REGEX "\tstatic const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionBuild = (.+);")
+
+file(STRINGS "${VERSION_FILE}" VERSION_MAJOR_STRING REGEX "${VERSION_MAJOR_REGEX}")
+file(STRINGS "${VERSION_FILE}" VERSION_MINOR_STRING REGEX "${VERSION_MINOR_REGEX}")
+file(STRINGS "${VERSION_FILE}" VERSION_BUILD_STRING REGEX "${VERSION_BUILD_REGEX}")
+
+string(REGEX REPLACE "${VERSION_MAJOR_REGEX}" "\\1" VERSION_MAJOR ${VERSION_MAJOR_STRING})
+string(REGEX REPLACE "${VERSION_MINOR_REGEX}" "\\1" VERSION_MINOR ${VERSION_MINOR_STRING})
+string(REGEX REPLACE "${VERSION_BUILD_REGEX}" "\\1" VERSION_BUILD ${VERSION_BUILD_STRING})
+
+set(OPENVR_VERSION "${VERSION_MAJOR}.${VERSION_MINOR}.${VERSION_BUILD}")
+
+# Setup some options.
+option(BUILD_SHARED "Builds the library as shared library" OFF)
+option(BUILD_FRAMEWORK "Builds the library as an apple Framework" OFF)
+option(BUILD_UNIVERSAL "Builds the shared or framework as a universal (fat, 32- & 64-bit) binary" ON)
+option(BUILD_OSX_I386 "Builds the shared or framework as a 32-bit binary, even on a 64-bit platform" OFF)
+option(USE_LIBCXX "Uses libc++ instead of libstdc++" ON)
+option(USE_CUSTOM_LIBCXX "Uses a custom libc++" OFF)
+
+add_definitions( -DVR_API_PUBLIC )
+
+# Check if 32 or 64 bit system.
+set(SIZEOF_VOIDP ${CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P})
+if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
+  set(PROCESSOR_ARCH "64")
+else()
+  set(PROCESSOR_ARCH "32")
+endif()
+
+# Get platform.
+if(WIN32)
+  set(PLATFORM_NAME "win")
+  if(NOT BUILD_SHARED)
+    add_definitions(-DOPENVR_BUILD_STATIC)
+  endif()
+elseif(UNIX AND NOT APPLE)
+  if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES ".*Linux")
+    set(PLATFORM_NAME "linux")
+    add_definitions(-DLINUX -DPOSIX)
+    if(PROCESSOR_ARCH MATCHES "64")
+        add_definitions(-DLINUX64)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+elseif(APPLE)
+  if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES ".*Darwin.*" OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES ".*MacOS.*")
+    set(PLATFORM_NAME "osx")
+    add_definitions(-DOSX -DPOSIX)
+    if(BUILD_UNIVERSAL)
+      set(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES "i386;x86_64")
+    endif()
+    if(BUILD_OSX_I386)
+      set(PROCESSOR_ARCH "32")
+      set(CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES "i386")
+    endif()
+  endif()
+endif()
+
+# Set output folder for static and shared libraries
+set(CMAKE_LIBRARY_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/${PLATFORM_NAME}${PROCESSOR_ARCH})
+set(CMAKE_ARCHIVE_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/${PLATFORM_NAME}${PROCESSOR_ARCH})
+set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/bin/${PLATFORM_NAME}${PROCESSOR_ARCH})
+
+# Enable some properties.
+if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC OR CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
+	# Enable c++11 and hide symbols which shouldn't be visible
+	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -std=c++11 -fPIC -fvisibility=hidden")
+	set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-unused-variable")
+
+	# Set custom libc++ usage here
+	if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang" AND USE_LIBCXX)
+		if(USE_CUSTOM_LIBCXX)
+			if(BUILD_SHARED)
+				set(CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS "${CMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS} -stdlib=libc++")
+			endif()
+			set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -nostdinc++")
+			include_directories( ${LIBCXX_INCLUDE} ${LIBCXX_ABI_INCLUDE})
+			message(STATUS "Using custom libc++")
+		else()
+			set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -stdlib=libc++")
+			message(STATUS "Using libc++")
+		endif()
+	endif()
+endif()
+
+add_subdirectory(src)
diff --git a/external/openvr/LICENSE b/external/openvr/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee83337
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+Copyright (c) 2015, Valve Corporation
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
+other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/external/openvr/README.md b/external/openvr/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc401c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+OpenVR SDK
+---
+
+OpenVR is an API and runtime that allows access to VR hardware from multiple 
+vendors without requiring that applications have specific knowledge of the 
+hardware they are targeting. This repository is an SDK that contains the API 
+and samples. The runtime is under SteamVR in Tools on Steam. 
+
+### Documentation
+
+Documentation for the API is available on the [GitHub Wiki](https://github.com/ValveSoftware/openvr/wiki/API-Documentation)
+
+More information on OpenVR and SteamVR can be found on http://steamvr.com
diff --git a/external/openvr/headers/openvr.h b/external/openvr/headers/openvr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ff6d1fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/headers/openvr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5624 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// openvr.h
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+// Dynamically generated file. Do not modify this file directly.
+
+#ifndef _OPENVR_API
+#define _OPENVR_API
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+
+// version.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	static const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionMajor = 1;
+	static const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionMinor = 16;
+	static const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionBuild = 8;
+} // namespace vr
+
+// public_vrtypes.h
+
+#ifndef _INCLUDE_CORE_VRTYPES_PUBLIC_H
+#define _INCLUDE_CORE_VRTYPES_PUBLIC_H
+
+namespace vr
+{
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+// right-handed system
+// +y is up
+// +x is to the right
+// -z is forward
+// Distance unit is  meters
+struct HmdMatrix34_t
+{
+	float m[3][4];
+};
+
+struct HmdMatrix33_t
+{
+	float m[3][3];
+};
+
+struct HmdMatrix44_t
+{
+	float m[4][4];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector3_t
+{
+	float v[3];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector4_t
+{
+	float v[4];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector3d_t
+{
+	double v[3];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector2_t
+{
+	float v[2];
+};
+
+struct HmdQuaternion_t
+{
+	double w, x, y, z;
+};
+
+struct HmdQuaternionf_t
+{
+	float w, x, y, z;
+};
+
+struct HmdColor_t
+{
+	float r, g, b, a;
+};
+
+struct HmdQuad_t
+{
+	HmdVector3_t vCorners[ 4 ];
+};
+
+struct HmdRect2_t
+{
+	HmdVector2_t vTopLeft;
+	HmdVector2_t vBottomRight;
+};
+
+/** Holds the transform for a single bone */
+struct VRBoneTransform_t
+{
+	HmdVector4_t position;
+	HmdQuaternionf_t orientation;
+};
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+#endif
+
+// vrtypes.h
+
+#ifndef _INCLUDE_VRTYPES_H
+#define _INCLUDE_VRTYPES_H
+
+// Forward declarations to avoid requiring vulkan.h
+struct VkDevice_T;
+struct VkPhysicalDevice_T;
+struct VkInstance_T;
+struct VkQueue_T;
+
+// Forward declarations to avoid requiring d3d12.h
+struct ID3D12Resource;
+struct ID3D12CommandQueue;
+
+namespace vr
+{
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+/** A handle for a spatial anchor.  This handle is only valid during the session it was created in.
+* Anchors that live beyond one session should be saved by their string descriptors. */
+typedef uint32_t SpatialAnchorHandle_t;
+
+typedef void* glSharedTextureHandle_t;
+typedef int32_t glInt_t;
+typedef uint32_t glUInt_t;
+
+
+/** Used to return the post-distortion UVs for each color channel.
+* UVs range from 0 to 1 with 0,0 in the upper left corner of the
+* source render target. The 0,0 to 1,1 range covers a single eye. */
+struct DistortionCoordinates_t
+{
+	float rfRed[2];
+	float rfGreen[2];
+	float rfBlue[2];
+};
+
+enum EVREye
+{
+	Eye_Left = 0,
+	Eye_Right = 1
+};
+
+enum ETextureType
+{
+	TextureType_Invalid = -1, // Handle has been invalidated
+	TextureType_DirectX = 0, // Handle is an ID3D11Texture
+	TextureType_OpenGL = 1,  // Handle is an OpenGL texture name or an OpenGL render buffer name, depending on submit flags
+	TextureType_Vulkan = 2, // Handle is a pointer to a VRVulkanTextureData_t structure
+	TextureType_IOSurface = 3, // Handle is a macOS cross-process-sharable IOSurfaceRef, deprecated in favor of TextureType_Metal on supported platforms
+	TextureType_DirectX12 = 4, // Handle is a pointer to a D3D12TextureData_t structure
+	TextureType_DXGISharedHandle = 5, // Handle is a HANDLE DXGI share handle, only supported for Overlay render targets.
+									  // this texture is used directly by our renderer, so only perform atomic (copyresource or resolve) on it
+	TextureType_Metal = 6, // Handle is a MTLTexture conforming to the MTLSharedTexture protocol. Textures submitted to IVRCompositor::Submit which
+						   // are of type MTLTextureType2DArray assume layer 0 is the left eye texture (vr::EVREye::Eye_left), layer 1 is the right
+						   // eye texture (vr::EVREye::Eye_Right)
+};
+
+enum EColorSpace
+{
+	ColorSpace_Auto = 0,	// Assumes 'gamma' for 8-bit per component formats, otherwise 'linear'.  This mirrors the DXGI formats which have _SRGB variants.
+	ColorSpace_Gamma = 1,	// Texture data can be displayed directly on the display without any conversion (a.k.a. display native format).
+	ColorSpace_Linear = 2,	// Same as gamma but has been converted to a linear representation using DXGI's sRGB conversion algorithm.
+};
+
+struct Texture_t
+{
+	void* handle; // See ETextureType definition above
+	ETextureType eType;
+	EColorSpace eColorSpace;
+};
+
+// Handle to a shared texture (HANDLE on Windows obtained using OpenSharedResource).
+typedef uint64_t SharedTextureHandle_t;
+#define INVALID_SHARED_TEXTURE_HANDLE	((vr::SharedTextureHandle_t)0)
+
+enum ETrackingResult
+{
+	TrackingResult_Uninitialized			= 1,
+
+	TrackingResult_Calibrating_InProgress	= 100,
+	TrackingResult_Calibrating_OutOfRange	= 101,
+
+	TrackingResult_Running_OK				= 200,
+	TrackingResult_Running_OutOfRange		= 201,
+
+	TrackingResult_Fallback_RotationOnly	= 300,
+};
+
+typedef uint32_t DriverId_t;
+static const uint32_t k_nDriverNone = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxDriverDebugResponseSize = 32768;
+
+/** Used to pass device IDs to API calls */
+typedef uint32_t TrackedDeviceIndex_t;
+static const uint32_t k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd = 0;
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxTrackedDeviceCount = 64;
+static const uint32_t k_unTrackedDeviceIndexOther = 0xFFFFFFFE;
+static const uint32_t k_unTrackedDeviceIndexInvalid = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+/** Describes what kind of object is being tracked at a given ID */
+enum ETrackedDeviceClass
+{
+	TrackedDeviceClass_Invalid = 0,				// the ID was not valid.
+	TrackedDeviceClass_HMD = 1,					// Head-Mounted Displays
+	TrackedDeviceClass_Controller = 2,			// Tracked controllers
+	TrackedDeviceClass_GenericTracker = 3,		// Generic trackers, similar to controllers
+	TrackedDeviceClass_TrackingReference = 4,	// Camera and base stations that serve as tracking reference points
+	TrackedDeviceClass_DisplayRedirect = 5,		// Accessories that aren't necessarily tracked themselves, but may redirect video output from other tracked devices
+
+	TrackedDeviceClass_Max
+};
+
+
+/** Describes what specific role associated with a tracked device */
+enum ETrackedControllerRole
+{
+	TrackedControllerRole_Invalid = 0,					// Invalid value for controller type
+	TrackedControllerRole_LeftHand = 1,					// Tracked device associated with the left hand
+	TrackedControllerRole_RightHand = 2,				// Tracked device associated with the right hand
+	TrackedControllerRole_OptOut = 3,					// Tracked device is opting out of left/right hand selection
+	TrackedControllerRole_Treadmill = 4,				// Tracked device is a treadmill or other locomotion device
+	TrackedControllerRole_Stylus = 5,					// Tracked device is a stylus
+	TrackedControllerRole_Max = 5
+};
+
+
+/** Returns true if the tracked controller role is allowed to be a hand */
+inline bool IsRoleAllowedAsHand( ETrackedControllerRole eRole )
+{
+	switch ( eRole )
+	{
+	case TrackedControllerRole_Invalid:
+	case TrackedControllerRole_LeftHand:
+	case TrackedControllerRole_RightHand:
+		return true;
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+
+/** describes a single pose for a tracked object */
+struct TrackedDevicePose_t
+{
+	HmdMatrix34_t mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking;
+	HmdVector3_t vVelocity;				// velocity in tracker space in m/s
+	HmdVector3_t vAngularVelocity;		// angular velocity in radians/s (?)
+	ETrackingResult eTrackingResult;
+	bool bPoseIsValid;
+
+	// This indicates that there is a device connected for this spot in the pose array.
+	// It could go from true to false if the user unplugs the device.
+	bool bDeviceIsConnected;
+};
+
+/** Identifies which style of tracking origin the application wants to use
+* for the poses it is requesting */
+enum ETrackingUniverseOrigin
+{
+	TrackingUniverseSeated = 0,		// Poses are provided relative to the seated zero pose
+	TrackingUniverseStanding = 1,	// Poses are provided relative to the safe bounds configured by the user
+	TrackingUniverseRawAndUncalibrated = 2,	// Poses are provided in the coordinate system defined by the driver.  It has Y up and is unified for devices of the same driver. You usually don't want this one.
+};
+
+enum EAdditionalRadioFeatures
+{
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_None           = 0x00000000,
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_HTCLinkBox     = 0x00000001,
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_InternalDongle = 0x00000002,
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_ExternalDongle = 0x00000004,
+};
+
+typedef uint64_t WebConsoleHandle_t;
+#define INVALID_WEB_CONSOLE_HANDLE	((vr::WebConsoleHandle_t)0)
+
+// Refers to a single container of properties
+typedef uint64_t PropertyContainerHandle_t;
+typedef uint32_t PropertyTypeTag_t;
+
+static const PropertyContainerHandle_t k_ulInvalidPropertyContainer = 0;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unInvalidPropertyTag = 0;
+
+typedef PropertyContainerHandle_t DriverHandle_t;
+static const PropertyContainerHandle_t k_ulInvalidDriverHandle = 0;
+
+// Use these tags to set/get common types as struct properties
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unFloatPropertyTag = 1;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unInt32PropertyTag = 2;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unUint64PropertyTag = 3;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unBoolPropertyTag = 4;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unStringPropertyTag = 5;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unErrorPropertyTag = 6;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unDoublePropertyTag = 7;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdMatrix34PropertyTag = 20;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdMatrix44PropertyTag = 21;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdVector3PropertyTag = 22;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdVector4PropertyTag = 23;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdVector2PropertyTag = 24;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdQuadPropertyTag = 25;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHiddenAreaPropertyTag = 30;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unPathHandleInfoTag = 31;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unActionPropertyTag = 32;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unInputValuePropertyTag = 33;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unWildcardPropertyTag = 34;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHapticVibrationPropertyTag = 35;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unSkeletonPropertyTag = 36;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unSpatialAnchorPosePropertyTag = 40;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unJsonPropertyTag = 41;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unActiveActionSetPropertyTag = 42;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unOpenVRInternalReserved_Start = 1000;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unOpenVRInternalReserved_End = 10000;
+
+
+/** Each entry in this enum represents a property that can be retrieved about a
+* tracked device. Many fields are only valid for one ETrackedDeviceClass. */
+enum ETrackedDeviceProperty
+{
+	Prop_Invalid								= 0,
+
+	// general properties that apply to all device classes
+	Prop_TrackingSystemName_String				= 1000,
+	Prop_ModelNumber_String						= 1001,
+	Prop_SerialNumber_String					= 1002,
+	Prop_RenderModelName_String					= 1003,
+	Prop_WillDriftInYaw_Bool					= 1004,
+	Prop_ManufacturerName_String				= 1005,
+	Prop_TrackingFirmwareVersion_String			= 1006,
+	Prop_HardwareRevision_String				= 1007,
+	Prop_AllWirelessDongleDescriptions_String	= 1008,
+	Prop_ConnectedWirelessDongle_String			= 1009,
+	Prop_DeviceIsWireless_Bool					= 1010,
+	Prop_DeviceIsCharging_Bool					= 1011,
+	Prop_DeviceBatteryPercentage_Float			= 1012, // 0 is empty, 1 is full
+	Prop_StatusDisplayTransform_Matrix34		= 1013,
+	Prop_Firmware_UpdateAvailable_Bool			= 1014,
+	Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdate_Bool				= 1015,
+	Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdateURL_String		= 1016,
+	Prop_HardwareRevision_Uint64				= 1017,
+	Prop_FirmwareVersion_Uint64					= 1018,
+	Prop_FPGAVersion_Uint64						= 1019,
+	Prop_VRCVersion_Uint64						= 1020,
+	Prop_RadioVersion_Uint64					= 1021,
+	Prop_DongleVersion_Uint64					= 1022,
+	Prop_BlockServerShutdown_Bool				= 1023,
+	Prop_CanUnifyCoordinateSystemWithHmd_Bool	= 1024,
+	Prop_ContainsProximitySensor_Bool			= 1025,
+	Prop_DeviceProvidesBatteryStatus_Bool		= 1026,
+	Prop_DeviceCanPowerOff_Bool					= 1027,
+	Prop_Firmware_ProgrammingTarget_String		= 1028,
+	Prop_DeviceClass_Int32						= 1029,
+	Prop_HasCamera_Bool							= 1030,
+	Prop_DriverVersion_String                   = 1031,
+	Prop_Firmware_ForceUpdateRequired_Bool      = 1032,
+	Prop_ViveSystemButtonFixRequired_Bool		= 1033,
+	Prop_ParentDriver_Uint64					= 1034,
+	Prop_ResourceRoot_String					= 1035,
+	Prop_RegisteredDeviceType_String			= 1036,
+	Prop_InputProfilePath_String				= 1037, // input profile to use for this device in the input system. Will default to tracking system name if this isn't provided
+	Prop_NeverTracked_Bool						= 1038, // Used for devices that will never have a valid pose by design
+	Prop_NumCameras_Int32						= 1039,
+	Prop_CameraFrameLayout_Int32				= 1040, // EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout value
+	Prop_CameraStreamFormat_Int32				= 1041, // ECameraVideoStreamFormat value
+	Prop_AdditionalDeviceSettingsPath_String	= 1042, // driver-relative path to additional device and global configuration settings
+	Prop_Identifiable_Bool						= 1043, // Whether device supports being identified from vrmonitor (e.g. blink LED, vibrate haptics, etc)
+	Prop_BootloaderVersion_Uint64			    = 1044,
+	Prop_AdditionalSystemReportData_String		= 1045, // additional string to include in system reports about a tracked device
+	Prop_CompositeFirmwareVersion_String        = 1046, // additional FW components from a device that gets propagated into reports
+	Prop_Firmware_RemindUpdate_Bool             = 1047,
+	Prop_PeripheralApplicationVersion_Uint64	= 1048,
+	Prop_ManufacturerSerialNumber_String		= 1049,
+	Prop_ComputedSerialNumber_String			= 1050,
+	Prop_EstimatedDeviceFirstUseTime_Int32		= 1051,
+
+	// Properties that are unique to TrackedDeviceClass_HMD
+	Prop_ReportsTimeSinceVSync_Bool				= 2000,
+	Prop_SecondsFromVsyncToPhotons_Float		= 2001,
+	Prop_DisplayFrequency_Float					= 2002,
+	Prop_UserIpdMeters_Float					= 2003,
+	Prop_CurrentUniverseId_Uint64				= 2004,
+	Prop_PreviousUniverseId_Uint64				= 2005,
+	Prop_DisplayFirmwareVersion_Uint64			= 2006,
+	Prop_IsOnDesktop_Bool						= 2007,
+	Prop_DisplayMCType_Int32					= 2008,
+	Prop_DisplayMCOffset_Float					= 2009,
+	Prop_DisplayMCScale_Float					= 2010,
+	Prop_EdidVendorID_Int32						= 2011,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageLeft_String              = 2012,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageRight_String             = 2013,
+	Prop_DisplayGCBlackClamp_Float				= 2014,
+	Prop_EdidProductID_Int32					= 2015,
+	Prop_CameraToHeadTransform_Matrix34			= 2016,
+	Prop_DisplayGCType_Int32					= 2017,
+	Prop_DisplayGCOffset_Float					= 2018,
+	Prop_DisplayGCScale_Float					= 2019,
+	Prop_DisplayGCPrescale_Float				= 2020,
+	Prop_DisplayGCImage_String					= 2021,
+	Prop_LensCenterLeftU_Float					= 2022,
+	Prop_LensCenterLeftV_Float					= 2023,
+	Prop_LensCenterRightU_Float					= 2024,
+	Prop_LensCenterRightV_Float					= 2025,
+	Prop_UserHeadToEyeDepthMeters_Float			= 2026,
+	Prop_CameraFirmwareVersion_Uint64			= 2027,
+	Prop_CameraFirmwareDescription_String		= 2028,
+	Prop_DisplayFPGAVersion_Uint64				= 2029,
+	Prop_DisplayBootloaderVersion_Uint64		= 2030,
+	Prop_DisplayHardwareVersion_Uint64			= 2031,
+	Prop_AudioFirmwareVersion_Uint64			= 2032,
+	Prop_CameraCompatibilityMode_Int32			= 2033,
+	Prop_ScreenshotHorizontalFieldOfViewDegrees_Float = 2034,
+	Prop_ScreenshotVerticalFieldOfViewDegrees_Float = 2035,
+	Prop_DisplaySuppressed_Bool					= 2036,
+	Prop_DisplayAllowNightMode_Bool				= 2037,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageWidth_Int32				= 2038,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageHeight_Int32				= 2039,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageNumChannels_Int32		= 2040,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageData_Binary				= 2041,
+	Prop_SecondsFromPhotonsToVblank_Float		= 2042,
+	Prop_DriverDirectModeSendsVsyncEvents_Bool	= 2043,
+	Prop_DisplayDebugMode_Bool					= 2044,
+	Prop_GraphicsAdapterLuid_Uint64				= 2045,
+	Prop_DriverProvidedChaperonePath_String		= 2048,
+	Prop_ExpectedTrackingReferenceCount_Int32	= 2049, // expected number of sensors or basestations to reserve UI space for
+	Prop_ExpectedControllerCount_Int32			= 2050, // expected number of tracked controllers to reserve UI space for
+	Prop_NamedIconPathControllerLeftDeviceOff_String	= 2051, // placeholder icon for "left" controller if not yet detected/loaded
+	Prop_NamedIconPathControllerRightDeviceOff_String	= 2052, // placeholder icon for "right" controller if not yet detected/loaded
+	Prop_NamedIconPathTrackingReferenceDeviceOff_String	= 2053, // placeholder icon for sensor/base if not yet detected/loaded
+	Prop_DoNotApplyPrediction_Bool				= 2054, // currently no effect. was used to disable HMD pose prediction on MR, which is now done by MR driver setting velocity=0
+	Prop_CameraToHeadTransforms_Matrix34_Array	= 2055,
+	Prop_DistortionMeshResolution_Int32			= 2056, // custom resolution of compositor calls to IVRSystem::ComputeDistortion
+	Prop_DriverIsDrawingControllers_Bool		= 2057,
+	Prop_DriverRequestsApplicationPause_Bool	= 2058,
+	Prop_DriverRequestsReducedRendering_Bool	= 2059,
+	Prop_MinimumIpdStepMeters_Float				= 2060,
+	Prop_AudioBridgeFirmwareVersion_Uint64		= 2061,
+	Prop_ImageBridgeFirmwareVersion_Uint64		= 2062,
+	Prop_ImuToHeadTransform_Matrix34			= 2063,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryGyroBias_Vector3				= 2064,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryGyroScale_Vector3			= 2065,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryAccelerometerBias_Vector3	= 2066,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryAccelerometerScale_Vector3	= 2067,
+	// reserved 2068
+	Prop_ConfigurationIncludesLighthouse20Features_Bool = 2069,
+	Prop_AdditionalRadioFeatures_Uint64         = 2070,
+	Prop_CameraWhiteBalance_Vector4_Array		= 2071, // Prop_NumCameras_Int32-sized array of float[4] RGBG white balance calibration data (max size is vr::k_unMaxCameras)
+	Prop_CameraDistortionFunction_Int32_Array	= 2072, // Prop_NumCameras_Int32-sized array of vr::EVRDistortionFunctionType values (max size is vr::k_unMaxCameras)
+	Prop_CameraDistortionCoefficients_Float_Array = 2073, // Prop_NumCameras_Int32-sized array of double[vr::k_unMaxDistortionFunctionParameters] (max size is vr::k_unMaxCameras)
+	Prop_ExpectedControllerType_String			= 2074,
+	Prop_HmdTrackingStyle_Int32					= 2075, // one of EHmdTrackingStyle
+	Prop_DriverProvidedChaperoneVisibility_Bool = 2076,
+	Prop_HmdColumnCorrectionSettingPrefix_String = 2077,
+	Prop_CameraSupportsCompatibilityModes_Bool	= 2078,
+	Prop_SupportsRoomViewDepthProjection_Bool	= 2079,
+	Prop_DisplayAvailableFrameRates_Float_Array = 2080, // populated by compositor from actual EDID list when available from GPU driver
+	Prop_DisplaySupportsMultipleFramerates_Bool = 2081, // if this is true but Prop_DisplayAvailableFrameRates_Float_Array is empty, explain to user
+	Prop_DisplayColorMultLeft_Vector3			= 2082,
+	Prop_DisplayColorMultRight_Vector3			= 2083,
+	Prop_DisplaySupportsRuntimeFramerateChange_Bool = 2084,
+	Prop_DisplaySupportsAnalogGain_Bool 		= 2085,
+	Prop_DisplayMinAnalogGain_Float 			= 2086,
+	Prop_DisplayMaxAnalogGain_Float 			= 2087,
+    Prop_CameraExposureTime_Float               = 2088,
+    Prop_CameraGlobalGain_Float                 = 2089,
+	// Prop_DashboardLayoutPathName_String 		= 2090, // DELETED
+	Prop_DashboardScale_Float 					= 2091,
+	Prop_IpdUIRangeMinMeters_Float 				= 2100,
+	Prop_IpdUIRangeMaxMeters_Float 				= 2101,
+	Prop_Hmd_SupportsHDCP14LegacyCompat_Bool	= 2102,
+	Prop_Hmd_SupportsMicMonitoring_Bool 		= 2103,
+
+	// Driver requested mura correction properties
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraCorrectionMode_Int32		= 2200,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerLeft_Int32		= 2201,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerRight_Int32	= 2202,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerTop_Int32		= 2203,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerBottom_Int32	= 2204,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterLeft_Int32		= 2205,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterRight_Int32	= 2206,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterTop_Int32		= 2207,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterBottom_Int32	= 2208,
+
+	Prop_Audio_DefaultPlaybackDeviceId_String		= 2300,
+	Prop_Audio_DefaultRecordingDeviceId_String		= 2301,
+	Prop_Audio_DefaultPlaybackDeviceVolume_Float = 2302,
+	Prop_Audio_SupportsDualSpeakerAndJackOutput_Bool = 2303,
+
+	// Properties that are unique to TrackedDeviceClass_Controller
+	Prop_AttachedDeviceId_String				= 3000,
+	Prop_SupportedButtons_Uint64				= 3001,
+	Prop_Axis0Type_Int32						= 3002, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis1Type_Int32						= 3003, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis2Type_Int32						= 3004, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis3Type_Int32						= 3005, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis4Type_Int32						= 3006, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_ControllerRoleHint_Int32				= 3007, // Return value is of type ETrackedControllerRole
+
+	// Properties that are unique to TrackedDeviceClass_TrackingReference
+	Prop_FieldOfViewLeftDegrees_Float			= 4000,
+	Prop_FieldOfViewRightDegrees_Float			= 4001,
+	Prop_FieldOfViewTopDegrees_Float			= 4002,
+	Prop_FieldOfViewBottomDegrees_Float			= 4003,
+	Prop_TrackingRangeMinimumMeters_Float		= 4004,
+	Prop_TrackingRangeMaximumMeters_Float		= 4005,
+	Prop_ModeLabel_String						= 4006,
+	Prop_CanWirelessIdentify_Bool               = 4007, // volatile, based on radio presence and fw discovery
+	Prop_Nonce_Int32                            = 4008,
+
+	// Properties that are used for user interface like icons names
+	Prop_IconPathName_String						= 5000, // DEPRECATED. Value not referenced. Now expected to be part of icon path properties.
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceOff_String				= 5001, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceSearching_String		= 5002, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceSearchingAlert_String	= 5003, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceReady_String			= 5004, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceReadyAlert_String		= 5005, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceNotReady_String			= 5006, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceStandby_String			= 5007, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceAlertLow_String			= 5008, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceStandbyAlert_String		= 5009, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+
+	// Properties that are used by helpers, but are opaque to applications
+	Prop_DisplayHiddenArea_Binary_Start				= 5100,
+	Prop_DisplayHiddenArea_Binary_End				= 5150,
+	Prop_ParentContainer							= 5151,
+	Prop_OverrideContainer_Uint64					= 5152,
+
+	// Properties that are unique to drivers
+	Prop_UserConfigPath_String					= 6000,
+	Prop_InstallPath_String						= 6001,
+	Prop_HasDisplayComponent_Bool				= 6002,
+	Prop_HasControllerComponent_Bool			= 6003,
+	Prop_HasCameraComponent_Bool				= 6004,
+	Prop_HasDriverDirectModeComponent_Bool		= 6005,
+	Prop_HasVirtualDisplayComponent_Bool		= 6006,
+	Prop_HasSpatialAnchorsSupport_Bool		    = 6007,
+
+	// Properties that are set internally based on other information provided by drivers
+	Prop_ControllerType_String					= 7000,
+	//Prop_LegacyInputProfile_String				= 7001, // This is no longer used. See "legacy_binding" in the input profile instead.
+	Prop_ControllerHandSelectionPriority_Int32	= 7002, // Allows hand assignments to prefer some controllers over others. High numbers are selected over low numbers
+
+	// Vendors are free to expose private debug data in this reserved region
+	Prop_VendorSpecific_Reserved_Start			= 10000,
+	Prop_VendorSpecific_Reserved_End			= 10999,
+
+	Prop_TrackedDeviceProperty_Max				= 1000000,
+};
+
+/** No string property will ever be longer than this length */
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxPropertyStringSize = 32 * 1024;
+
+/** Used to return errors that occur when reading properties. */
+enum ETrackedPropertyError
+{
+	TrackedProp_Success						= 0,
+	TrackedProp_WrongDataType				= 1,
+	TrackedProp_WrongDeviceClass			= 2,
+	TrackedProp_BufferTooSmall				= 3,
+	TrackedProp_UnknownProperty				= 4, // Driver has not set the property (and may not ever).
+	TrackedProp_InvalidDevice				= 5,
+	TrackedProp_CouldNotContactServer		= 6,
+	TrackedProp_ValueNotProvidedByDevice	= 7,
+	TrackedProp_StringExceedsMaximumLength	= 8,
+	TrackedProp_NotYetAvailable				= 9, // The property value isn't known yet, but is expected soon. Call again later.
+	TrackedProp_PermissionDenied			= 10,
+	TrackedProp_InvalidOperation			= 11,
+	TrackedProp_CannotWriteToWildcards		= 12,
+	TrackedProp_IPCReadFailure				= 13,
+	TrackedProp_OutOfMemory					= 14,
+	TrackedProp_InvalidContainer			= 15,
+};
+
+/** Used to drive certain text in the UI when talking about the tracking system for the HMD */
+enum EHmdTrackingStyle
+{
+	HmdTrackingStyle_Unknown				= 0,
+
+	HmdTrackingStyle_Lighthouse				= 1, // base stations and lasers
+	HmdTrackingStyle_OutsideInCameras		= 2, // Cameras and LED, Rift 1 style
+	HmdTrackingStyle_InsideOutCameras		= 3, // Cameras on HMD looking at the world
+};
+
+typedef uint64_t VRActionHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRActionSetHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRInputValueHandle_t;
+
+static const VRActionHandle_t k_ulInvalidActionHandle = 0;
+static const VRActionSetHandle_t k_ulInvalidActionSetHandle = 0;
+static const VRInputValueHandle_t k_ulInvalidInputValueHandle = 0;
+
+
+/** Allows the application to control what part of the provided texture will be used in the
+* frame buffer. */
+struct VRTextureBounds_t
+{
+	float uMin, vMin;
+	float uMax, vMax;
+};
+
+/** Allows specifying pose used to render provided scene texture (if different from value returned by WaitGetPoses). */
+struct VRTextureWithPose_t : public Texture_t
+{
+	HmdMatrix34_t mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking; // Actual pose used to render scene textures.
+};
+
+struct VRTextureDepthInfo_t
+{
+	void* handle; // See ETextureType definition above
+	HmdMatrix44_t mProjection;
+	HmdVector2_t vRange; // 0..1
+};
+
+struct VRTextureWithDepth_t : public Texture_t
+{
+	VRTextureDepthInfo_t depth;
+};
+
+struct VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t : public VRTextureWithPose_t
+{
+	VRTextureDepthInfo_t depth;
+};
+
+/** Allows the application to control how scene textures are used by the compositor when calling Submit. */
+enum EVRSubmitFlags
+{
+	// Simple render path. App submits rendered left and right eye images with no lens distortion correction applied.
+	Submit_Default = 0x00,
+
+	// App submits final left and right eye images with lens distortion already applied (lens distortion makes the images appear
+	// barrel distorted with chromatic aberration correction applied). The app would have used the data returned by
+	// vr::IVRSystem::ComputeDistortion() to apply the correct distortion to the rendered images before calling Submit().
+	Submit_LensDistortionAlreadyApplied = 0x01,
+
+	// If the texture pointer passed in is actually a renderbuffer (e.g. for MSAA in OpenGL) then set this flag.
+	Submit_GlRenderBuffer = 0x02,
+
+	// Do not use
+	Submit_Reserved = 0x04,
+
+	// Set to indicate that pTexture is a pointer to a VRTextureWithPose_t.
+	// This flag can be combined with Submit_TextureWithDepth to pass a VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t.
+	Submit_TextureWithPose = 0x08,
+
+	// Set to indicate that pTexture is a pointer to a VRTextureWithDepth_t.
+	// This flag can be combined with Submit_TextureWithPose to pass a VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t.
+	Submit_TextureWithDepth = 0x10,
+
+	// Set to indicate a discontinuity between this and the last frame.
+	// This will prevent motion smoothing from attempting to extrapolate using the pair.
+	Submit_FrameDiscontinuty = 0x20,
+
+	// Set to indicate that pTexture->handle is a contains VRVulkanTextureArrayData_t
+	Submit_VulkanTextureWithArrayData = 0x40,
+
+	// If the texture pointer passed in is an OpenGL Array texture, set this flag
+	Submit_GlArrayTexture = 0x80,
+
+	// Do not use
+	Submit_Reserved2 = 0x8000,
+
+
+};
+
+/** Data required for passing Vulkan textures to IVRCompositor::Submit.
+* Be sure to call OpenVR_Shutdown before destroying these resources.
+* Please see https://github.com/ValveSoftware/openvr/wiki/Vulkan for Vulkan-specific documentation */
+struct VRVulkanTextureData_t
+{
+	uint64_t m_nImage; // VkImage
+	VkDevice_T *m_pDevice;
+	VkPhysicalDevice_T *m_pPhysicalDevice;
+	VkInstance_T *m_pInstance;
+	VkQueue_T *m_pQueue;
+	uint32_t m_nQueueFamilyIndex;
+	uint32_t m_nWidth, m_nHeight, m_nFormat, m_nSampleCount;
+};
+
+/** Data required for passing Vulkan texture arrays to IVRCompositor::Submit.
+* Be sure to call OpenVR_Shutdown before destroying these resources.
+* Please see https://github.com/ValveSoftware/openvr/wiki/Vulkan for Vulkan-specific documentation */
+struct VRVulkanTextureArrayData_t : public VRVulkanTextureData_t
+{
+	uint32_t m_unArrayIndex;
+	uint32_t m_unArraySize;
+};
+
+/** Data required for passing D3D12 textures to IVRCompositor::Submit.
+* Be sure to call OpenVR_Shutdown before destroying these resources. */
+struct D3D12TextureData_t
+{
+	ID3D12Resource *m_pResource;
+	ID3D12CommandQueue *m_pCommandQueue;
+	uint32_t m_nNodeMask;
+};
+
+/** Status of the overall system or tracked objects */
+enum EVRState
+{
+	VRState_Undefined = -1,
+	VRState_Off = 0,
+	VRState_Searching = 1,
+	VRState_Searching_Alert = 2,
+	VRState_Ready = 3,
+	VRState_Ready_Alert = 4,
+	VRState_NotReady = 5,
+	VRState_Standby = 6,
+	VRState_Ready_Alert_Low = 7,
+};
+
+/** The types of events that could be posted (and what the parameters mean for each event type) */
+enum EVREventType
+{
+	VREvent_None = 0,
+
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceActivated		= 100,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceDeactivated	= 101,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceUpdated		= 102,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionStarted	= 103,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionEnded	= 104,
+	VREvent_IpdChanged					= 105,
+	VREvent_EnterStandbyMode			= 106,
+	VREvent_LeaveStandbyMode			= 107,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceRoleChanged	= 108,
+	VREvent_WatchdogWakeUpRequested		= 109,
+	VREvent_LensDistortionChanged		= 110,
+	VREvent_PropertyChanged				= 111,
+	VREvent_WirelessDisconnect			= 112,
+	VREvent_WirelessReconnect			= 113,
+
+	VREvent_ButtonPress					= 200, // data is controller
+	VREvent_ButtonUnpress				= 201, // data is controller
+	VREvent_ButtonTouch					= 202, // data is controller
+	VREvent_ButtonUntouch				= 203, // data is controller
+
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Press			= 250, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Unpress		= 251, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Touch			= 252, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Untouch		= 253, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Move			= 254, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_ModeSwitch1	= 255, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_ModeSwitch2	= 256, // No longer sent
+	VREvent_Modal_Cancel				= 257, // Sent to overlays with the
+
+	VREvent_MouseMove					= 300, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_MouseButtonDown				= 301, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_MouseButtonUp				= 302, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_FocusEnter					= 303, // data is overlay
+	VREvent_FocusLeave					= 304, // data is overlay
+	VREvent_ScrollDiscrete				= 305, // data is scroll
+	VREvent_TouchPadMove				= 306, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_OverlayFocusChanged			= 307, // data is overlay, global event
+	VREvent_ReloadOverlays				= 308,
+	VREvent_ScrollSmooth				= 309, // data is scroll
+	VREvent_LockMousePosition			= 310,
+	VREvent_UnlockMousePosition			= 311,
+
+	VREvent_InputFocusCaptured			= 400, // data is process DEPRECATED
+	VREvent_InputFocusReleased			= 401, // data is process DEPRECATED
+	// VREvent_SceneFocusLost			= 402, // data is process
+	// VREvent_SceneFocusGained			= 403, // data is process
+	VREvent_SceneApplicationChanged		= 404, // data is process - The App actually drawing the scene changed (usually to or from the compositor)
+	VREvent_SceneFocusChanged			= 405, // data is process - New app got access to draw the scene
+	VREvent_InputFocusChanged			= 406, // data is process
+	// VREvent_SceneApplicationSecondaryRenderingStarted = 407,
+	VREvent_SceneApplicationUsingWrongGraphicsAdapter = 408, // data is process
+	VREvent_ActionBindingReloaded		 = 409, // data is process - The App that action binds reloaded for
+
+	VREvent_HideRenderModels			= 410, // Sent to the scene application to request hiding render models temporarily
+	VREvent_ShowRenderModels			= 411, // Sent to the scene application to request restoring render model visibility
+
+	VREvent_SceneApplicationStateChanged = 412, // No data; but query VRApplications()->GetSceneApplicationState();
+
+	VREvent_ConsoleOpened               = 420,
+	VREvent_ConsoleClosed               = 421,
+
+	VREvent_OverlayShown				= 500,
+	VREvent_OverlayHidden				= 501,
+	VREvent_DashboardActivated			= 502,
+	VREvent_DashboardDeactivated		= 503,
+	//VREvent_DashboardThumbSelected		= 504, // Sent to the overlay manager - data is overlay - No longer sent
+	VREvent_DashboardRequested			= 505, // Sent to the overlay manager - data is overlay
+	VREvent_ResetDashboard				= 506, // Send to the overlay manager
+	//VREvent_RenderToast					= 507, // Send to the dashboard to render a toast - data is the notification ID -- no longer sent
+	VREvent_ImageLoaded					= 508, // Sent to overlays when a SetOverlayRaw or SetOverlayFromFile call finishes loading
+	VREvent_ShowKeyboard				= 509, // Sent to keyboard renderer in the dashboard to invoke it
+	VREvent_HideKeyboard				= 510, // Sent to keyboard renderer in the dashboard to hide it
+	VREvent_OverlayGamepadFocusGained	= 511, // Sent to an overlay when IVROverlay::SetFocusOverlay is called on it
+	VREvent_OverlayGamepadFocusLost		= 512, // Send to an overlay when it previously had focus and IVROverlay::SetFocusOverlay is called on something else
+	VREvent_OverlaySharedTextureChanged = 513,
+	//VREvent_DashboardGuideButtonDown	= 514, // These are no longer sent
+	//VREvent_DashboardGuideButtonUp		= 515,
+	VREvent_ScreenshotTriggered			= 516, // Screenshot button combo was pressed, Dashboard should request a screenshot
+	VREvent_ImageFailed					= 517, // Sent to overlays when a SetOverlayRaw or SetOverlayfromFail fails to load
+	VREvent_DashboardOverlayCreated		= 518,
+	VREvent_SwitchGamepadFocus			= 519,
+
+	// Screenshot API
+	VREvent_RequestScreenshot				= 520, // Sent by vrclient application to compositor to take a screenshot
+	VREvent_ScreenshotTaken					= 521, // Sent by compositor to the application that the screenshot has been taken
+	VREvent_ScreenshotFailed				= 522, // Sent by compositor to the application that the screenshot failed to be taken
+	VREvent_SubmitScreenshotToDashboard		= 523, // Sent by compositor to the dashboard that a completed screenshot was submitted
+	VREvent_ScreenshotProgressToDashboard	= 524, // Sent by compositor to the dashboard that a completed screenshot was submitted
+
+	VREvent_PrimaryDashboardDeviceChanged	= 525,
+	VREvent_RoomViewShown					= 526, // Sent by compositor whenever room-view is enabled
+	VREvent_RoomViewHidden					= 527, // Sent by compositor whenever room-view is disabled
+	VREvent_ShowUI							= 528, // data is showUi
+	VREvent_ShowDevTools					= 529, // data is showDevTools
+	VREvent_DesktopViewUpdating				= 530,
+	VREvent_DesktopViewReady				= 531,
+
+	VREvent_Notification_Shown				= 600,
+	VREvent_Notification_Hidden				= 601,
+	VREvent_Notification_BeginInteraction	= 602,
+	VREvent_Notification_Destroyed			= 603,
+
+	VREvent_Quit							= 700, // data is process
+	VREvent_ProcessQuit						= 701, // data is process
+	//VREvent_QuitAborted_UserPrompt			= 702, // data is process
+	VREvent_QuitAcknowledged				= 703, // data is process
+	VREvent_DriverRequestedQuit				= 704, // The driver has requested that SteamVR shut down
+	VREvent_RestartRequested				= 705, // A driver or other component wants the user to restart SteamVR
+
+	VREvent_ChaperoneDataHasChanged			= 800, // this will never happen with the new chaperone system
+	VREvent_ChaperoneUniverseHasChanged		= 801,
+	VREvent_ChaperoneTempDataHasChanged		= 802, // this will never happen with the new chaperone system
+	VREvent_ChaperoneSettingsHaveChanged	= 803,
+	VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset				= 804,
+	VREvent_ChaperoneFlushCache				= 805, // Sent when the process needs to reload any cached data it retrieved from VRChaperone()
+	VREvent_ChaperoneRoomSetupStarting	    = 806, // Triggered by CVRChaperoneClient::RoomSetupStarting
+	VREvent_ChaperoneRoomSetupFinished	    = 807, // Triggered by CVRChaperoneClient::CommitWorkingCopy
+	VREvent_StandingZeroPoseReset			= 808,
+
+	VREvent_AudioSettingsHaveChanged		= 820,
+
+	VREvent_BackgroundSettingHasChanged				= 850,
+	VREvent_CameraSettingsHaveChanged				= 851,
+	VREvent_ReprojectionSettingHasChanged			= 852,
+	VREvent_ModelSkinSettingsHaveChanged			= 853,
+	VREvent_EnvironmentSettingsHaveChanged			= 854,
+	VREvent_PowerSettingsHaveChanged				= 855,
+	VREvent_EnableHomeAppSettingsHaveChanged		= 856,
+	VREvent_SteamVRSectionSettingChanged			= 857,
+	VREvent_LighthouseSectionSettingChanged			= 858,
+	VREvent_NullSectionSettingChanged				= 859,
+	VREvent_UserInterfaceSectionSettingChanged		= 860,
+	VREvent_NotificationsSectionSettingChanged		= 861,
+	VREvent_KeyboardSectionSettingChanged			= 862,
+	VREvent_PerfSectionSettingChanged				= 863,
+	VREvent_DashboardSectionSettingChanged			= 864,
+	VREvent_WebInterfaceSectionSettingChanged		= 865,
+	VREvent_TrackersSectionSettingChanged			= 866,
+	VREvent_LastKnownSectionSettingChanged			= 867,
+	VREvent_DismissedWarningsSectionSettingChanged	= 868,
+	VREvent_GpuSpeedSectionSettingChanged			= 869,
+	VREvent_WindowsMRSectionSettingChanged			= 870,
+	VREvent_OtherSectionSettingChanged				= 871,
+
+	VREvent_StatusUpdate					= 900,
+
+	VREvent_WebInterface_InstallDriverCompleted = 950,
+
+	VREvent_MCImageUpdated					= 1000,
+
+	VREvent_FirmwareUpdateStarted			= 1100,
+	VREvent_FirmwareUpdateFinished			= 1101,
+
+	VREvent_KeyboardClosed					= 1200,
+	VREvent_KeyboardCharInput				= 1201,
+	VREvent_KeyboardDone					= 1202, // Sent when DONE button clicked on keyboard
+
+	//VREvent_ApplicationTransitionStarted		= 1300,
+	//VREvent_ApplicationTransitionAborted		= 1301,
+	//VREvent_ApplicationTransitionNewAppStarted	= 1302,
+	VREvent_ApplicationListUpdated				= 1303,
+	VREvent_ApplicationMimeTypeLoad				= 1304,
+	// VREvent_ApplicationTransitionNewAppLaunchComplete = 1305,
+	VREvent_ProcessConnected					= 1306,
+	VREvent_ProcessDisconnected					= 1307,
+
+	//VREvent_Compositor_MirrorWindowShown		= 1400, // DEPRECATED
+	//VREvent_Compositor_MirrorWindowHidden		= 1401, // DEPRECATED
+	VREvent_Compositor_ChaperoneBoundsShown		= 1410,
+	VREvent_Compositor_ChaperoneBoundsHidden	= 1411,
+	VREvent_Compositor_DisplayDisconnected		= 1412,
+	VREvent_Compositor_DisplayReconnected		= 1413,
+	VREvent_Compositor_HDCPError				= 1414, // data is hdcpError
+	VREvent_Compositor_ApplicationNotResponding	= 1415,
+	VREvent_Compositor_ApplicationResumed		= 1416,
+	VREvent_Compositor_OutOfVideoMemory			= 1417,
+	VREvent_Compositor_DisplayModeNotSupported	= 1418, // k_pch_SteamVR_PreferredRefreshRate
+	VREvent_Compositor_StageOverrideReady		= 1419,
+
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_StartVideoStream  = 1500,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_StopVideoStream   = 1501,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_PauseVideoStream  = 1502,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_ResumeVideoStream = 1503,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_EditingSurface    = 1550,
+
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_EnableCapture	= 1600,
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_DisableCapture	= 1601,
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_FidelityLevel	= 1602,
+
+	VREvent_MessageOverlay_Closed			= 1650,
+	VREvent_MessageOverlayCloseRequested	= 1651,
+
+	VREvent_Input_HapticVibration			= 1700, // data is hapticVibration
+	VREvent_Input_BindingLoadFailed			= 1701, // data is inputBinding
+	VREvent_Input_BindingLoadSuccessful		= 1702, // data is inputBinding
+	VREvent_Input_ActionManifestReloaded	= 1703, // no data
+	VREvent_Input_ActionManifestLoadFailed	= 1704, // data is actionManifest
+	VREvent_Input_ProgressUpdate			= 1705, // data is progressUpdate
+	VREvent_Input_TrackerActivated			= 1706,
+	VREvent_Input_BindingsUpdated			= 1707,
+	VREvent_Input_BindingSubscriptionChanged = 1708,
+
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_PoseUpdated		= 1800,        // data is spatialAnchor. broadcast
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_DescriptorUpdated = 1801,       // data is spatialAnchor. broadcast
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestPoseUpdate = 1802,       // data is spatialAnchor. sent to specific driver
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestDescriptorUpdate = 1803, // data is spatialAnchor. sent to specific driver
+
+	VREvent_SystemReport_Started			= 1900, // user or system initiated generation of a system report. broadcast
+
+	VREvent_Monitor_ShowHeadsetView			= 2000, // data is process
+	VREvent_Monitor_HideHeadsetView			= 2001, // data is process
+
+	// Vendors are free to expose private events in this reserved region
+	VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_Start	= 10000,
+	VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_End		= 19999,
+};
+
+
+/** Level of Hmd activity */
+// UserInteraction_Timeout means the device is in the process of timing out.
+// InUse = ( k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction || k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction_Timeout )
+// VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionStarted fires when the devices transitions from Standby -> UserInteraction or Idle -> UserInteraction.
+// VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionEnded fires when the devices transitions from UserInteraction_Timeout -> Idle
+enum EDeviceActivityLevel
+{
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Unknown = -1,
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Idle = 0,						// No activity for the last 10 seconds
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction = 1,				// Activity (movement or prox sensor) is happening now
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction_Timeout = 2,		// No activity for the last 0.5 seconds
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Standby = 3,						// Idle for at least 5 seconds (configurable in Settings -> Power Management)
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Idle_Timeout = 4,
+};
+
+
+/** VR controller button and axis IDs */
+enum EVRButtonId
+{
+	k_EButton_System			= 0,
+	k_EButton_ApplicationMenu	= 1,
+	k_EButton_Grip				= 2,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Left			= 3,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Up			= 4,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Right		= 5,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Down			= 6,
+	k_EButton_A					= 7,
+
+	k_EButton_ProximitySensor   = 31,
+
+	k_EButton_Axis0				= 32,
+	k_EButton_Axis1				= 33,
+	k_EButton_Axis2				= 34,
+	k_EButton_Axis3				= 35,
+	k_EButton_Axis4				= 36,
+
+	// aliases for well known controllers
+	k_EButton_SteamVR_Touchpad	= k_EButton_Axis0,
+	k_EButton_SteamVR_Trigger	= k_EButton_Axis1,
+
+	k_EButton_Dashboard_Back	= k_EButton_Grip,
+
+	k_EButton_IndexController_A		= k_EButton_Grip,
+	k_EButton_IndexController_B		= k_EButton_ApplicationMenu,
+	k_EButton_IndexController_JoyStick	= k_EButton_Axis3,
+
+	k_EButton_Max				= 64
+};
+
+inline uint64_t ButtonMaskFromId( EVRButtonId id ) { return 1ull << id; }
+
+/** used for controller button events */
+struct VREvent_Controller_t
+{
+	uint32_t button; // EVRButtonId enum
+};
+
+
+/** used for simulated mouse events in overlay space */
+enum EVRMouseButton
+{
+	VRMouseButton_Left					= 0x0001,
+	VRMouseButton_Right					= 0x0002,
+	VRMouseButton_Middle				= 0x0004,
+};
+
+
+/** used for simulated mouse events in overlay space */
+struct VREvent_Mouse_t
+{
+	float x, y; // co-ords are in GL space, bottom left of the texture is 0,0
+	uint32_t button; // EVRMouseButton enum
+};
+
+/** used for simulated mouse wheel scroll */
+struct VREvent_Scroll_t
+{
+	float xdelta, ydelta;
+	uint32_t unused;
+	float viewportscale; // For scrolling on an overlay with laser mouse, this is the overlay's vertical size relative to the overlay height. Range: [0,1]
+};
+
+/** when in mouse input mode you can receive data from the touchpad, these events are only sent if the users finger
+   is on the touchpad (or just released from it). These events are sent to overlays with the VROverlayFlags_SendVRTouchpadEvents
+   flag set.
+**/
+struct VREvent_TouchPadMove_t
+{
+	// true if the users finger is detected on the touch pad
+	bool bFingerDown;
+
+	// How long the finger has been down in seconds
+	float flSecondsFingerDown;
+
+	// These values indicate the starting finger position (so you can do some basic swipe stuff)
+	float fValueXFirst;
+	float fValueYFirst;
+
+	// This is the raw sampled coordinate without deadzoning
+	float fValueXRaw;
+	float fValueYRaw;
+};
+
+/** notification related events. Details will still change at this point */
+struct VREvent_Notification_t
+{
+	uint64_t ulUserValue;
+	uint32_t notificationId;
+};
+
+/** Used for events about processes */
+struct VREvent_Process_t
+{
+	uint32_t pid;
+	uint32_t oldPid;
+	bool bForced;
+	// If the associated event was triggered by a connection loss
+	bool bConnectionLost;
+};
+
+
+/** Used for a few events about overlays */
+struct VREvent_Overlay_t
+{
+	uint64_t overlayHandle;
+	uint64_t devicePath;
+	uint64_t memoryBlockId;
+};
+
+
+/** Used for a few events about overlays */
+struct VREvent_Status_t
+{
+	uint32_t statusState; // EVRState enum
+};
+
+/** Used for keyboard events **/
+struct VREvent_Keyboard_t
+{
+	char cNewInput[8];	// Up to 11 bytes of new input
+	uint64_t uUserValue;	// Possible flags about the new input
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Ipd_t
+{
+	float ipdMeters;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Chaperone_t
+{
+	uint64_t m_nPreviousUniverse;
+	uint64_t m_nCurrentUniverse;
+};
+
+/** Not actually used for any events */
+struct VREvent_Reserved_t
+{
+	uint64_t reserved0;
+	uint64_t reserved1;
+	uint64_t reserved2;
+	uint64_t reserved3;
+	uint64_t reserved4;
+	uint64_t reserved5;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_PerformanceTest_t
+{
+	uint32_t m_nFidelityLevel;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset_t
+{
+	bool bResetBySystemMenu;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Screenshot_t
+{
+	uint32_t handle;
+	uint32_t type;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ScreenshotProgress_t
+{
+	float progress;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ApplicationLaunch_t
+{
+	uint32_t pid;
+	uint32_t unArgsHandle;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_EditingCameraSurface_t
+{
+	uint64_t overlayHandle;
+	uint32_t nVisualMode;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_MessageOverlay_t
+{
+	uint32_t unVRMessageOverlayResponse; // vr::VRMessageOverlayResponse enum
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Property_t
+{
+	PropertyContainerHandle_t container;
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty prop;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_HapticVibration_t
+{
+	uint64_t containerHandle; // property container handle of the device with the haptic component
+	uint64_t componentHandle; // Which haptic component needs to vibrate
+	float fDurationSeconds;
+	float fFrequency;
+	float fAmplitude;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_WebConsole_t
+{
+	WebConsoleHandle_t webConsoleHandle;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_InputBindingLoad_t
+{
+	vr::PropertyContainerHandle_t ulAppContainer;
+	uint64_t pathMessage;
+	uint64_t pathUrl;
+	uint64_t pathControllerType;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_InputActionManifestLoad_t
+{
+	uint64_t pathAppKey;
+	uint64_t pathMessage;
+	uint64_t pathMessageParam;
+	uint64_t pathManifestPath;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_SpatialAnchor_t
+{
+	SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ProgressUpdate_t
+{
+	uint64_t ulApplicationPropertyContainer;
+	uint64_t pathDevice;
+	uint64_t pathInputSource;
+	uint64_t pathProgressAction;
+	uint64_t pathIcon;
+	float fProgress;
+};
+
+enum EShowUIType
+{
+	ShowUI_ControllerBinding = 0,
+	ShowUI_ManageTrackers = 1,
+	// ShowUI_QuickStart = 2, // Deprecated
+	ShowUI_Pairing = 3,
+	ShowUI_Settings = 4,
+	ShowUI_DebugCommands = 5,
+	ShowUI_FullControllerBinding = 6,
+	ShowUI_ManageDrivers = 7,
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ShowUI_t
+{
+	EShowUIType eType;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ShowDevTools_t
+{
+	int32_t nBrowserIdentifier;
+};
+
+enum EHDCPError
+{
+	HDCPError_None = 0,
+	HDCPError_LinkLost = 1,
+	HDCPError_Tampered = 2,
+	HDCPError_DeviceRevoked = 3,
+	HDCPError_Unknown = 4
+};
+
+struct VREvent_HDCPError_t
+{
+	EHDCPError eCode;
+};
+
+typedef union
+{
+	VREvent_Reserved_t reserved;
+	VREvent_Controller_t controller;
+	VREvent_Mouse_t mouse;
+	VREvent_Scroll_t scroll;
+	VREvent_Process_t process;
+	VREvent_Notification_t notification;
+	VREvent_Overlay_t overlay;
+	VREvent_Status_t status;
+	VREvent_Keyboard_t keyboard;
+	VREvent_Ipd_t ipd;
+	VREvent_Chaperone_t chaperone;
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_t performanceTest;
+	VREvent_TouchPadMove_t touchPadMove;
+	VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset_t seatedZeroPoseReset;
+	VREvent_Screenshot_t screenshot;
+	VREvent_ScreenshotProgress_t screenshotProgress;
+	VREvent_ApplicationLaunch_t applicationLaunch;
+	VREvent_EditingCameraSurface_t cameraSurface;
+	VREvent_MessageOverlay_t messageOverlay;
+	VREvent_Property_t property;
+	VREvent_HapticVibration_t hapticVibration;
+	VREvent_WebConsole_t webConsole;
+	VREvent_InputBindingLoad_t inputBinding;
+	VREvent_InputActionManifestLoad_t actionManifest;
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchor_t spatialAnchor;
+	VREvent_ProgressUpdate_t progressUpdate;
+	VREvent_ShowUI_t showUi;
+	VREvent_ShowDevTools_t showDevTools;
+	VREvent_HDCPError_t hdcpError;
+    /** NOTE!!! If you change this you MUST manually update openvr_interop.cs.py */
+} VREvent_Data_t;
+
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+// This structure was originally defined mis-packed on Linux, preserved for
+// compatibility.
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+
+/** An event posted by the server to all running applications */
+struct VREvent_t
+{
+	uint32_t eventType; // EVREventType enum
+	TrackedDeviceIndex_t trackedDeviceIndex;
+	float eventAgeSeconds;
+	// event data must be the end of the struct as its size is variable
+	VREvent_Data_t data;
+};
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+
+typedef uint32_t VRComponentProperties;
+
+enum EVRComponentProperty
+{
+	VRComponentProperty_IsStatic = (1 << 0),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsVisible = (1 << 1),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsTouched = (1 << 2),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsPressed = (1 << 3),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsScrolled = (1 << 4),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsHighlighted = (1 << 5),
+};
+
+
+/** Describes state information about a render-model component, including transforms and other dynamic properties */
+struct RenderModel_ComponentState_t
+{
+	HmdMatrix34_t mTrackingToComponentRenderModel;  // Transform required when drawing the component render model
+	HmdMatrix34_t mTrackingToComponentLocal;        // Transform available for attaching to a local component coordinate system (-Z out from surface )
+	VRComponentProperties uProperties;
+};
+
+
+enum EVRInputError
+{
+	VRInputError_None = 0,
+	VRInputError_NameNotFound = 1,
+	VRInputError_WrongType = 2,
+	VRInputError_InvalidHandle = 3,
+	VRInputError_InvalidParam = 4,
+	VRInputError_NoSteam = 5,
+	VRInputError_MaxCapacityReached = 6,
+	VRInputError_IPCError = 7,
+	VRInputError_NoActiveActionSet = 8,
+	VRInputError_InvalidDevice = 9,
+	VRInputError_InvalidSkeleton = 10,
+	VRInputError_InvalidBoneCount = 11,
+	VRInputError_InvalidCompressedData = 12,
+	VRInputError_NoData = 13,
+	VRInputError_BufferTooSmall = 14,
+	VRInputError_MismatchedActionManifest = 15,
+	VRInputError_MissingSkeletonData = 16,
+	VRInputError_InvalidBoneIndex = 17,
+	VRInputError_InvalidPriority = 18,
+	VRInputError_PermissionDenied = 19,
+	VRInputError_InvalidRenderModel = 20,
+};
+
+enum EVRSpatialAnchorError
+{
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_Success = 0,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_Internal = 1,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_UnknownHandle = 2,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_ArrayTooSmall = 3,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_InvalidDescriptorChar = 4,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_NotYetAvailable = 5,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_NotAvailableInThisUniverse = 6,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_PermanentlyUnavailable = 7,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_WrongDriver = 8,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_DescriptorTooLong = 9,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_Unknown = 10,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_NoRoomCalibration = 11,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_InvalidArgument = 12,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_UnknownDriver = 13,
+};
+
+/** The mesh to draw into the stencil (or depth) buffer to perform
+* early stencil (or depth) kills of pixels that will never appear on the HMD.
+* This mesh draws on all the pixels that will be hidden after distortion.
+*
+* If the HMD does not provide a visible area mesh pVertexData will be
+* NULL and unTriangleCount will be 0. */
+struct HiddenAreaMesh_t
+{
+	const HmdVector2_t *pVertexData;
+	uint32_t unTriangleCount;
+};
+
+
+enum EHiddenAreaMeshType
+{
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Standard = 0,
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Inverse = 1,
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_LineLoop = 2,
+
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Max = 3,
+};
+
+
+/** Identifies what kind of axis is on the controller at index n. Read this type
+* with pVRSystem->Get( nControllerDeviceIndex, Prop_Axis0Type_Int32 + n );
+*/
+enum EVRControllerAxisType
+{
+	k_eControllerAxis_None = 0,
+	k_eControllerAxis_TrackPad = 1,
+	k_eControllerAxis_Joystick = 2,
+	k_eControllerAxis_Trigger = 3, // Analog trigger data is in the X axis
+};
+
+
+/** contains information about one axis on the controller */
+struct VRControllerAxis_t
+{
+	float x; // Ranges from -1.0 to 1.0 for joysticks and track pads. Ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 for triggers were 0 is fully released.
+	float y; // Ranges from -1.0 to 1.0 for joysticks and track pads. Is always 0.0 for triggers.
+};
+
+
+/** the number of axes in the controller state */
+static const uint32_t k_unControllerStateAxisCount = 5;
+
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+// This structure was originally defined mis-packed on Linux, preserved for
+// compatibility.
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+
+/** Holds all the state of a controller at one moment in time. */
+struct VRControllerState001_t
+{
+	// If packet num matches that on your prior call, then the controller state hasn't been changed since
+	// your last call and there is no need to process it
+	uint32_t unPacketNum;
+
+	// bit flags for each of the buttons. Use ButtonMaskFromId to turn an ID into a mask
+	uint64_t ulButtonPressed;
+	uint64_t ulButtonTouched;
+
+	// Axis data for the controller's analog inputs
+	VRControllerAxis_t rAxis[ k_unControllerStateAxisCount ];
+};
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+
+
+typedef VRControllerState001_t VRControllerState_t;
+
+
+/** determines how to provide output to the application of various event processing functions. */
+enum EVRControllerEventOutputType
+{
+	ControllerEventOutput_OSEvents = 0,
+	ControllerEventOutput_VREvents = 1,
+};
+
+
+
+/** Collision Bounds Style */
+enum ECollisionBoundsStyle
+{
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_BEGINNER = 0,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_INTERMEDIATE,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_SQUARES,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_ADVANCED,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_NONE,
+
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_COUNT
+};
+
+/** used to refer to a single VR overlay */
+typedef uint64_t VROverlayHandle_t;
+
+static const VROverlayHandle_t k_ulOverlayHandleInvalid = 0;
+
+/** Errors that can occur around VR overlays */
+enum EVROverlayError
+{
+	VROverlayError_None						= 0,
+
+	VROverlayError_UnknownOverlay			= 10,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidHandle			= 11,
+	VROverlayError_PermissionDenied			= 12,
+	VROverlayError_OverlayLimitExceeded		= 13, // No more overlays could be created because the maximum number already exist
+	VROverlayError_WrongVisibilityType		= 14,
+	VROverlayError_KeyTooLong				= 15,
+	VROverlayError_NameTooLong				= 16,
+	VROverlayError_KeyInUse					= 17,
+	VROverlayError_WrongTransformType		= 18,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidTrackedDevice		= 19,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidParameter			= 20,
+	VROverlayError_ThumbnailCantBeDestroyed	= 21,
+	VROverlayError_ArrayTooSmall			= 22,
+	VROverlayError_RequestFailed			= 23,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidTexture			= 24,
+	VROverlayError_UnableToLoadFile			= 25,
+	VROverlayError_KeyboardAlreadyInUse		= 26,
+	VROverlayError_NoNeighbor				= 27,
+	VROverlayError_TooManyMaskPrimitives	= 29,
+	VROverlayError_BadMaskPrimitive			= 30,
+	VROverlayError_TextureAlreadyLocked		= 31,
+	VROverlayError_TextureLockCapacityReached = 32,
+	VROverlayError_TextureNotLocked			= 33,
+};
+
+/** enum values to pass in to VR_Init to identify whether the application will
+* draw a 3D scene. */
+enum EVRApplicationType
+{
+	VRApplication_Other = 0,		// Some other kind of application that isn't covered by the other entries
+	VRApplication_Scene	= 1,		// Application will submit 3D frames
+	VRApplication_Overlay = 2,		// Application only interacts with overlays
+	VRApplication_Background = 3,	// Application should not start SteamVR if it's not already running, and should not
+									// keep it running if everything else quits.
+	VRApplication_Utility = 4,		// Init should not try to load any drivers. The application needs access to utility
+									// interfaces (like IVRSettings and IVRApplications) but not hardware.
+	VRApplication_VRMonitor = 5,	// Reserved for vrmonitor
+	VRApplication_SteamWatchdog = 6,// Reserved for Steam
+	VRApplication_Bootstrapper = 7, // reserved for vrstartup
+	VRApplication_WebHelper = 8,	// reserved for vrwebhelper
+	VRApplication_OpenXRInstance = 9, // reserved for openxr (created instance, but not session yet)
+	VRApplication_OpenXRScene = 10,	  // reserved for openxr (started session)
+	VRApplication_OpenXROverlay = 11, // reserved for openxr (started overlay session)
+	VRApplication_Prism = 12,		// reserved for the vrprismhost process
+
+	VRApplication_Max
+};
+
+
+/** returns true if the specified application type is one of the
+* OpenXR types */
+inline bool IsOpenXRAppType( EVRApplicationType eType )
+{
+	return eType == VRApplication_OpenXRInstance
+		|| eType == VRApplication_OpenXRScene
+		|| eType == VRApplication_OpenXROverlay;
+}
+
+
+/** error codes for firmware */
+enum EVRFirmwareError
+{
+	VRFirmwareError_None = 0,
+	VRFirmwareError_Success = 1,
+	VRFirmwareError_Fail = 2,
+};
+
+
+/** error codes for notifications */
+enum EVRNotificationError
+{
+	VRNotificationError_OK = 0,
+	VRNotificationError_InvalidNotificationId = 100,
+	VRNotificationError_NotificationQueueFull = 101,
+	VRNotificationError_InvalidOverlayHandle = 102,
+	VRNotificationError_SystemWithUserValueAlreadyExists = 103,
+};
+
+
+enum EVRSkeletalMotionRange
+{
+	// The range of motion of the skeleton takes into account any physical limits imposed by
+	// the controller itself.  This will tend to be the most accurate pose compared to the user's
+	// actual hand pose, but might not allow a closed fist for example
+	VRSkeletalMotionRange_WithController = 0,
+
+	// Retarget the range of motion provided by the input device to make the hand appear to move
+	// as if it was not holding a controller.  eg: map "hand grasping controller" to "closed fist"
+	VRSkeletalMotionRange_WithoutController = 1,
+};
+
+enum EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel
+{
+	// body part location can't be directly determined by the device. Any skeletal pose provided by
+	// the device is estimated by assuming the position required to active buttons, triggers, joysticks,
+	// or other input sensors.
+	// E.g. Vive Controller, Gamepad
+	VRSkeletalTracking_Estimated = 0,
+
+	// body part location can be measured directly but with fewer degrees of freedom than the actual body
+	// part. Certain body part positions may be unmeasured by the device and estimated from other input data.
+	// E.g. Index Controllers, gloves that only measure finger curl
+	VRSkeletalTracking_Partial = 1,
+
+	// Body part location can be measured directly throughout the entire range of motion of the body part.
+	// E.g. Mocap suit for the full body, gloves that measure rotation of each finger segment
+	VRSkeletalTracking_Full = 2,
+
+	VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Count,
+	VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Max = VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Count - 1
+};
+
+
+/** Type used for referring to bones by their index */
+typedef int32_t BoneIndex_t;
+const BoneIndex_t k_unInvalidBoneIndex = -1;
+
+
+/** error codes returned by Vr_Init */
+
+// Please add adequate error description to https://developer.valvesoftware.com/w/index.php?title=Category:SteamVRHelp
+enum EVRInitError
+{
+	VRInitError_None	= 0,
+	VRInitError_Unknown = 1,
+
+	VRInitError_Init_InstallationNotFound			= 100,
+	VRInitError_Init_InstallationCorrupt			= 101,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRClientDLLNotFound			= 102,
+	VRInitError_Init_FileNotFound					= 103,
+	VRInitError_Init_FactoryNotFound				= 104,
+	VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound				= 105,
+	VRInitError_Init_InvalidInterface				= 106,
+	VRInitError_Init_UserConfigDirectoryInvalid		= 107,
+	VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFound					= 108,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotInitialized					= 109,
+	VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotFound			= 110,
+	VRInitError_Init_NoConfigPath					= 111,
+	VRInitError_Init_NoLogPath						= 112,
+	VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotWritable		= 113,
+	VRInitError_Init_AppInfoInitFailed				= 114,
+	VRInitError_Init_Retry							= 115, // Used internally to cause retries to vrserver
+	VRInitError_Init_InitCanceledByUser				= 116, // The calling application should silently exit. The user canceled app startup
+	VRInitError_Init_AnotherAppLaunching			= 117,
+	VRInitError_Init_SettingsInitFailed				= 118,
+	VRInitError_Init_ShuttingDown					= 119,
+	VRInitError_Init_TooManyObjects					= 120,
+	VRInitError_Init_NoServerForBackgroundApp		= 121,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotSupportedWithCompositor		= 122,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToUtilityApps		= 123,
+	VRInitError_Init_Internal				 		= 124,
+	VRInitError_Init_HmdDriverIdIsNone		 		= 125,
+	VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFoundPresenceFailed 		= 126,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorNotFound				= 127,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorStartupFailed			= 128,
+	VRInitError_Init_LowPowerWatchdogNotSupported	= 129,
+	VRInitError_Init_InvalidApplicationType			= 130,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToWatchdogApps		= 131,
+	VRInitError_Init_WatchdogDisabledInSettings		= 132,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardNotFound			= 133,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardStartupFailed		= 134,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRHomeNotFound					= 135,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRHomeStartupFailed			= 136,
+	VRInitError_Init_RebootingBusy					= 137,
+	VRInitError_Init_FirmwareUpdateBusy				= 138,
+	VRInitError_Init_FirmwareRecoveryBusy			= 139,
+	VRInitError_Init_USBServiceBusy					= 140,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRWebHelperStartupFailed		= 141,
+	VRInitError_Init_TrackerManagerInitFailed		= 142,
+	VRInitError_Init_AlreadyRunning					= 143,
+	VRInitError_Init_FailedForVrMonitor				= 144,
+	VRInitError_Init_PropertyManagerInitFailed		= 145,
+	VRInitError_Init_WebServerFailed				= 146,
+	VRInitError_Init_IllegalTypeTransition			= 147,
+	VRInitError_Init_MismatchedRuntimes				= 148,
+	VRInitError_Init_InvalidProcessId				= 149,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRServiceStartupFailed			= 150,
+	VRInitError_Init_PrismNeedsNewDrivers			= 151,
+	VRInitError_Init_PrismStartupTimedOut			= 152,
+	VRInitError_Init_CouldNotStartPrism				= 153,
+	VRInitError_Init_CreateDriverDirectDeviceFailed = 154,
+	VRInitError_Init_PrismExitedUnexpectedly		= 155,
+
+	VRInitError_Driver_Failed						= 200,
+	VRInitError_Driver_Unknown						= 201,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdUnknown					= 202,
+	VRInitError_Driver_NotLoaded					= 203,
+	VRInitError_Driver_RuntimeOutOfDate				= 204,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdInUse						= 205,
+	VRInitError_Driver_NotCalibrated				= 206,
+	VRInitError_Driver_CalibrationInvalid			= 207,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFound			= 208,
+	VRInitError_Driver_TrackedDeviceInterfaceUnknown = 209,
+	// VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundAfterFix = 210, // not needed: here for historic reasons
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDriverIdOutOfBounds		= 211,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayMirrored			= 212,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundLaptop		= 213,
+	// Never make error 259 because we return it from main and it would conflict with STILL_ACTIVE
+
+	VRInitError_IPC_ServerInitFailed				= 300,
+	VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailed					= 301,
+	VRInitError_IPC_SharedStateInitFailed			= 302,
+	VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInitFailed			= 303,
+	VRInitError_IPC_MutexInitFailed					= 304,
+	VRInitError_IPC_Failed							= 305,
+	VRInitError_IPC_CompositorConnectFailed			= 306,
+	VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInvalidConnectResponse = 307,
+	VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterMultipleAttempts = 308,
+	VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterTargetExited = 309,
+	VRInitError_IPC_NamespaceUnavailable			 = 310,
+
+	VRInitError_Compositor_Failed												= 400,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11HardwareRequired								= 401,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FirmwareRequiresUpdate								= 402,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_OverlayInitFailed									= 403,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_ScreenshotsInitFailed								= 404,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_UnableToCreateDevice									= 405,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SharedStateIsNull									= 406,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_NotificationManagerIsNull							= 407,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_ResourceManagerClientIsNull							= 408,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_MessageOverlaySharedStateInitFailure					= 409,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_PropertiesInterfaceIsNull							= 410,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFullscreenWindowFailed							= 411,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SettingsInterfaceIsNull								= 412,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToShowWindow									= 413,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DistortInterfaceIsNull								= 414,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayFrequencyFailure								= 415,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_RendererInitializationFailed							= 416,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryInterfaceIsNull							= 417,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryCreateFailed								= 418,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryQueryFailed								= 419,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidAdapterDesktop								= 420,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdAttachment									= 421,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidOutputDesktop									= 422,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidDeviceProvided								= 423,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11RendererInitializationFailed					= 424,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToFindDisplayMode								= 425,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateSwapChain								= 426,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetBackBuffer								= 427,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateRenderTarget							= 428,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2SwapChain							= 429,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedtoGetDXGI2BackBuffer							= 430,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2RenderTarget						= 431,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetDXGIDeviceInterface						= 432,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SelectDisplayMode									= 433,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateNvAPIRenderTargets						= 434,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_NvAPISetDisplayMode									= 435,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDirectModeDisplay						= 436,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdPropertyContainer							= 437,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_UpdateDisplayFrequency								= 438,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateRasterizerState								= 439,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateWireframeRasterizerState						= 440,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSamplerState									= 441,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateClampToBorderSamplerState						= 442,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAnisoSamplerState								= 443,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlaySamplerState							= 444,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanoramaSamplerState							= 445,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFontSamplerState								= 446,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateNoBlendState									= 447,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendState										= 448,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAlphaBlendState								= 449,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskR								= 450,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskG								= 451,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskB								= 452,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilState								= 453,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoWrite						= 454,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoDepth						= 455,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFlushTexture									= 456,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDistortionSurfaces								= 457,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateConstantBuffer									= 458,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseConstantBuffer							= 459,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseStagingConstantBuffer					= 460,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSharedFrameInfoConstantBuffer					= 461,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayConstantBuffer							= 462,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer				= 463,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateReadableSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer		= 464,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerGraphicsTextureIndexConstantBuffer		= 465,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeTextureIndexConstantBuffer			= 466,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer	= 467,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeHmdPoseConstantBuffer					= 468,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateGeomConstantBuffer								= 469,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanelMaskConstantBuffer						= 470,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePixelSimUBO									= 471,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMSAARenderTextures								= 472,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateResolveRenderTextures							= 473,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeResolveRenderTextures					= 474,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDriverDirectModeResolveTextures				= 475,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_OpenDriverDirectModeResolveTextures					= 476,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFallbackSyncTexture							= 477,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_ShareFallbackSyncTexture								= 478,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayIndexBuffer								= 479,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayVertexBuffer							= 480,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextVertexBuffer								= 481,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextIndexBuffer								= 482,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorTextures									= 483,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLastFrameRenderTexture							= 484,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorOverlay									= 485,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateVirtualDisplayBackbuffer				= 486,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayModeNotSupported								= 487,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayInvalidCall								= 488,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayAlreadyInitialized						= 489,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateMailbox								= 490,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_WindowInterfaceIsNull								= 491,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateInstance							= 492,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateSession								= 493,
+
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_UnableToConnectToOculusRuntime		= 1000,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_WindowsNotInDevMode					= 1001,
+
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantOpenDevice 				= 1101,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToRequestConfigStart	= 1102,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_NoStoredConfig 				= 1103,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooBig 				= 1104,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooSmall 				= 1105,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToInitZLib 			= 1106,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantReadFirmwareVersion 	= 1107,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToSendUserDataStart	= 1108,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataStart	= 1109,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataNext		= 1110,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataAddressRange		= 1111,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataError				= 1112,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigFailedSanityCheck		= 1113,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_OculusRuntimeBadInstall				= 1114,
+
+	VRInitError_Steam_SteamInstallationNotFound = 2000,
+
+	// Strictly a placeholder
+	VRInitError_LastError
+};
+
+enum EVRScreenshotType
+{
+	VRScreenshotType_None = 0,
+	VRScreenshotType_Mono = 1, // left eye only
+	VRScreenshotType_Stereo = 2,
+	VRScreenshotType_Cubemap = 3,
+	VRScreenshotType_MonoPanorama = 4,
+	VRScreenshotType_StereoPanorama = 5
+};
+
+enum EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames
+{
+	VRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_Preview = 0,
+	VRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_VR = 1,
+};
+
+enum EVRTrackedCameraError
+{
+	VRTrackedCameraError_None                       = 0,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_OperationFailed            = 100,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidHandle              = 101,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidFrameHeaderVersion  = 102,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_OutOfHandles               = 103,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_IPCFailure                 = 104,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_NotSupportedForThisDevice  = 105,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_SharedMemoryFailure        = 106,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_FrameBufferingFailure      = 107,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_StreamSetupFailure         = 108,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidGLTextureId         = 109,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidSharedTextureHandle = 110,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_FailedToGetGLTextureId     = 111,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_SharedTextureFailure       = 112,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_NoFrameAvailable           = 113,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidArgument            = 114,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidFrameBufferSize     = 115,
+};
+
+enum EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout
+{
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_Mono				= 0x0001,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_Stereo				= 0x0002,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_VerticalLayout		= 0x0010,	// Stereo frames are Top/Bottom (left/right)
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_HorizontalLayout	= 0x0020,	// Stereo frames are Left/Right
+};
+
+enum EVRTrackedCameraFrameType
+{
+	VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Distorted = 0,			// This is the camera video frame size in pixels, still distorted.
+	VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Undistorted,			// In pixels, an undistorted inscribed rectangle region without invalid regions. This size is subject to changes shortly.
+	VRTrackedCameraFrameType_MaximumUndistorted,	// In pixels, maximum undistorted with invalid regions. Non zero alpha component identifies valid regions.
+	MAX_CAMERA_FRAME_TYPES
+};
+
+enum EVRDistortionFunctionType
+{
+	VRDistortionFunctionType_None,
+	VRDistortionFunctionType_FTheta,
+	VRDistortionFunctionType_Extended_FTheta,
+	MAX_DISTORTION_FUNCTION_TYPES,
+};
+
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxDistortionFunctionParameters = 8;
+
+typedef uint64_t TrackedCameraHandle_t;
+#define INVALID_TRACKED_CAMERA_HANDLE	((vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t)0)
+
+struct CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t
+{
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType;
+
+	uint32_t nWidth;
+	uint32_t nHeight;
+	uint32_t nBytesPerPixel;
+
+	uint32_t nFrameSequence;
+
+	TrackedDevicePose_t trackedDevicePose;
+
+	uint64_t ulFrameExposureTime;						// mid-point of the exposure of the image in host system ticks
+};
+
+// Screenshot types
+typedef uint32_t ScreenshotHandle_t;
+
+static const uint32_t k_unScreenshotHandleInvalid = 0;
+
+/** Compositor frame timing reprojection flags. */
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionReason_Cpu = 0x01;
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionReason_Gpu = 0x02;
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionAsync = 0x04;	// This flag indicates the async reprojection mode is active,
+															// but does not indicate if reprojection actually happened or not.
+															// Use the ReprojectionReason flags above to check if reprojection
+															// was actually applied (i.e. scene texture was reused).
+															// NumFramePresents > 1 also indicates the scene texture was reused,
+															// and also the number of times that it was presented in total.
+
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion = 0x08;	// This flag indicates whether or not motion smoothing was triggered for this frame
+
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_PredictionMask = 0xF0;	// The runtime may predict more than one frame (up to four) ahead if
+															// it detects the application is taking too long to render. These two
+															// bits will contain the count of additional frames (normally zero).
+															// Use the VR_COMPOSITOR_ADDITIONAL_PREDICTED_FRAMES macro to read from
+															// the latest frame timing entry.
+
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ThrottleMask = 0xF00;	// Number of frames the compositor is throttling the application.
+															// Use the VR_COMPOSITOR_NUMBER_OF_THROTTLED_FRAMES macro to read from
+															// the latest frame timing entry.
+
+#define VR_COMPOSITOR_ADDITIONAL_PREDICTED_FRAMES( timing ) ( ( ( timing ).m_nReprojectionFlags & vr::VRCompositor_PredictionMask ) >> 4 )
+#define VR_COMPOSITOR_NUMBER_OF_THROTTLED_FRAMES( timing ) ( ( ( timing ).m_nReprojectionFlags & vr::VRCompositor_ThrottleMask ) >> 8 )
+
+/** Provides a single frame's timing information to the app */
+struct Compositor_FrameTiming
+{
+	uint32_t m_nSize; // Set to sizeof( Compositor_FrameTiming )
+	uint32_t m_nFrameIndex;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents; // number of times this frame was presented
+	uint32_t m_nNumMisPresented; // number of times this frame was presented on a vsync other than it was originally predicted to
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames; // number of additional times previous frame was scanned out
+	uint32_t m_nReprojectionFlags;
+
+	/** Absolute time reference for comparing frames.  This aligns with the vsync that running start is relative to. */
+	double m_flSystemTimeInSeconds;
+
+	/** These times may include work from other processes due to OS scheduling.
+	* The fewer packets of work these are broken up into, the less likely this will happen.
+	* GPU work can be broken up by calling Flush.  This can sometimes be useful to get the GPU started
+	* processing that work earlier in the frame. */
+	float m_flPreSubmitGpuMs; // time spent rendering the scene (gpu work submitted between WaitGetPoses and second Submit)
+	float m_flPostSubmitGpuMs; // additional time spent rendering by application (e.g. companion window)
+	float m_flTotalRenderGpuMs; // time between work submitted immediately after present (ideally vsync) until the end of compositor submitted work
+	float m_flCompositorRenderGpuMs; // time spend performing distortion correction, rendering chaperone, overlays, etc.
+	float m_flCompositorRenderCpuMs; // time spent on cpu submitting the above work for this frame
+	float m_flCompositorIdleCpuMs; // time spent waiting for running start (application could have used this much more time)
+
+	/** Miscellaneous measured intervals. */
+	float m_flClientFrameIntervalMs; // time between calls to WaitGetPoses
+	float m_flPresentCallCpuMs; // time blocked on call to present (usually 0.0, but can go long)
+	float m_flWaitForPresentCpuMs; // time spent spin-waiting for frame index to change (not near-zero indicates wait object failure)
+	float m_flSubmitFrameMs; // time spent in IVRCompositor::Submit (not near-zero indicates driver issue)
+
+	/** The following are all relative to this frame's SystemTimeInSeconds */
+	float m_flWaitGetPosesCalledMs;
+	float m_flNewPosesReadyMs;
+	float m_flNewFrameReadyMs; // second call to IVRCompositor::Submit
+	float m_flCompositorUpdateStartMs;
+	float m_flCompositorUpdateEndMs;
+	float m_flCompositorRenderStartMs;
+
+	vr::TrackedDevicePose_t m_HmdPose; // pose used by app to render this frame
+
+	uint32_t m_nNumVSyncsReadyForUse;
+	uint32_t m_nNumVSyncsToFirstView;
+};
+
+/** Provides compositor benchmark results to the app */
+struct Compositor_BenchmarkResults
+{
+	float m_flMegaPixelsPerSecond; // Measurement of GPU MP/s performed by compositor benchmark
+	float m_flHmdRecommendedMegaPixelsPerSecond; // Recommended default MP/s given the HMD resolution, refresh, and panel mask.
+};
+
+/** Frame timing data provided by direct mode drivers. */
+struct DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming
+{
+	uint32_t m_nSize; // Set to sizeof( DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming )
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents; // number of times frame was presented
+	uint32_t m_nNumMisPresented; // number of times frame was presented on a vsync other than it was originally predicted to
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames; // number of additional times previous frame was scanned out (i.e. compositor missed vsync)
+	uint32_t m_nReprojectionFlags;
+};
+
+/** These flags will be set on DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming::m_nReprojectionFlags when IVRDriverDirectModeComponent::GetFrameTiming is called for drivers to optionally respond to. */
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion_Enabled = 0x100; // Motion Smoothing is enabled in the UI for the currently running application
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion_ForcedOn = 0x200; // Motion Smoothing is forced on in the UI for the currently running application
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion_AppThrottled = 0x400; // Application is requesting throttling via ForceInterleavedReprojectionOn
+
+
+enum EVSync
+{
+	VSync_None,
+	VSync_WaitRender,	// block following render work until vsync
+	VSync_NoWaitRender,	// do not block following render work (allow to get started early)
+};
+
+enum EVRMuraCorrectionMode
+{
+	EVRMuraCorrectionMode_Default = 0,
+	EVRMuraCorrectionMode_NoCorrection
+};
+
+/** raw IMU data provided by IVRIOBuffer from paths to tracked devices with IMUs */
+enum Imu_OffScaleFlags
+{
+	OffScale_AccelX	= 0x01,
+	OffScale_AccelY	= 0x02,
+	OffScale_AccelZ	= 0x04,
+	OffScale_GyroX	= 0x08,
+	OffScale_GyroY	= 0x10,
+	OffScale_GyroZ	= 0x20,
+};
+
+struct ImuSample_t
+{
+	double fSampleTime;
+	HmdVector3d_t vAccel;
+	HmdVector3d_t vGyro;
+	uint32_t unOffScaleFlags;
+};
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+// figure out how to import from the VR API dll
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+  #if !defined(OPENVR_BUILD_STATIC)
+    #ifdef VR_API_EXPORT
+      #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C" __declspec( dllexport )
+    #else
+      #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C" __declspec( dllimport )
+    #endif
+  #else
+    #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C"
+  #endif
+
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(COMPILER_GCC) || defined(__APPLE__)
+
+#ifdef VR_API_EXPORT
+  #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#else
+  #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#else
+  #error "Unsupported Platform."
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+  #define VR_CALLTYPE __cdecl
+#else
+  #define VR_CALLTYPE
+#endif
+
+} // namespace vr
+#endif // _INCLUDE_VRTYPES_H
+
+// vrannotation.h
+
+#ifdef API_GEN
+# define VR_CLANG_ATTR(ATTR) __attribute__((annotate( ATTR )))
+#else
+# define VR_CLANG_ATTR(ATTR)
+#endif
+
+#define VR_METHOD_DESC(DESC) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "desc:" #DESC ";" )
+#define VR_IGNOREATTR() VR_CLANG_ATTR( "ignore" )
+#define VR_OUT_STRUCT() VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_struct: ;" )
+#define VR_OUT_STRING() VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_string: ;" )
+#define VR_OUT_ARRAY_CALL(COUNTER,FUNCTION,PARAMS) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_array_call:" #COUNTER "," #FUNCTION "," #PARAMS ";" )
+#define VR_OUT_ARRAY_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_array_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_ARRAY_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "array_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_ARRAY_COUNT_D(COUNTER, DESC) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "array_count:" #COUNTER ";desc:" #DESC )
+#define VR_BUFFER_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "buffer_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_OUT_BUFFER_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_buffer_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_OUT_STRING_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_string_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+
+// ivrsystem.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRSystem
+{
+public:
+
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Display Methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Suggested size for the intermediate render target that the distortion pulls from. */
+	virtual void GetRecommendedRenderTargetSize( uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+	/** The projection matrix for the specified eye */
+	virtual HmdMatrix44_t GetProjectionMatrix( EVREye eEye, float fNearZ, float fFarZ ) = 0;
+
+	/** The components necessary to build your own projection matrix in case your
+	* application is doing something fancy like infinite Z */
+	virtual void GetProjectionRaw( EVREye eEye, float *pfLeft, float *pfRight, float *pfTop, float *pfBottom ) = 0;
+
+	/** Gets the result of the distortion function for the specified eye and input UVs. UVs go from 0,0 in
+	* the upper left of that eye's viewport and 1,1 in the lower right of that eye's viewport.
+	* Returns true for success. Otherwise, returns false, and distortion coordinates are not suitable. */
+	virtual bool ComputeDistortion( EVREye eEye, float fU, float fV, DistortionCoordinates_t *pDistortionCoordinates ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the transform from eye space to the head space. Eye space is the per-eye flavor of head
+	* space that provides stereo disparity. Instead of Model * View * Projection the sequence is Model * View * Eye^-1 * Projection.
+	* Normally View and Eye^-1 will be multiplied together and treated as View in your application.
+	*/
+	virtual HmdMatrix34_t GetEyeToHeadTransform( EVREye eEye ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the number of elapsed seconds since the last recorded vsync event. This
+	*	will come from a vsync timer event in the timer if possible or from the application-reported
+	*   time if that is not available. If no vsync times are available the function will
+	*   return zero for vsync time and frame counter and return false from the method. */
+	virtual bool GetTimeSinceLastVsync( float *pfSecondsSinceLastVsync, uint64_t *pulFrameCounter ) = 0;
+
+	/** [D3D9 Only]
+	* Returns the adapter index that the user should pass into CreateDevice to set up D3D9 in such
+	* a way that it can go full screen exclusive on the HMD. Returns -1 if there was an error.
+	*/
+	virtual int32_t GetD3D9AdapterIndex() = 0;
+
+	/** [D3D10/11 Only]
+	* Returns the adapter index that the user should pass into EnumAdapters to create the device
+	* and swap chain in DX10 and DX11. If an error occurs the index will be set to -1.
+	*/
+	virtual void GetDXGIOutputInfo( int32_t *pnAdapterIndex ) = 0;
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns platform- and texture-type specific adapter identification so that applications and the
+	 * compositor are creating textures and swap chains on the same GPU. If an error occurs the device
+	 * will be set to 0.
+	 * pInstance is an optional parameter that is required only when textureType is TextureType_Vulkan.
+	 * [D3D10/11/12 Only (D3D9 Not Supported)]
+	 *  Returns the adapter LUID that identifies the GPU attached to the HMD. The user should
+	 *  enumerate all adapters using IDXGIFactory::EnumAdapters and IDXGIAdapter::GetDesc to find
+	 *  the adapter with the matching LUID, or use IDXGIFactory4::EnumAdapterByLuid.
+	 *  The discovered IDXGIAdapter should be used to create the device and swap chain.
+	 * [Vulkan Only]
+	 *  Returns the VkPhysicalDevice that should be used by the application.
+	 *  pInstance must be the instance the application will use to query for the VkPhysicalDevice.  The application
+	 *  must create the VkInstance with extensions returned by IVRCompositor::GetVulkanInstanceExtensionsRequired enabled.
+	 * [macOS Only]
+	 *  For TextureType_IOSurface returns the id<MTLDevice> that should be used by the application.
+	 *  On 10.13+ for TextureType_OpenGL returns the 'registryId' of the renderer which should be used
+	 *   by the application. See Apple Technical Q&A QA1168 for information on enumerating GL Renderers, and the
+	 *   new kCGLRPRegistryIDLow and kCGLRPRegistryIDHigh CGLRendererProperty values in the 10.13 SDK.
+	 *  Pre 10.13 for TextureType_OpenGL returns 0, as there is no dependable way to correlate the HMDs MTLDevice
+	 *   with a GL Renderer.
+	 */
+	virtual void GetOutputDevice( uint64_t *pnDevice, ETextureType textureType, VkInstance_T *pInstance = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Display Mode methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Use to determine if the headset display is part of the desktop (i.e. extended) or hidden (i.e. direct mode). */
+	virtual bool IsDisplayOnDesktop() = 0;
+
+	/** Set the display visibility (true = extended, false = direct mode).  Return value of true indicates that the change was successful. */
+	virtual bool SetDisplayVisibility( bool bIsVisibleOnDesktop ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Tracking Methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** The pose that the tracker thinks that the HMD will be in at the specified number of seconds into the
+	* future. Pass 0 to get the state at the instant the method is called. Most of the time the application should
+	* calculate the time until the photons will be emitted from the display and pass that time into the method.
+	*
+	* This is roughly analogous to the inverse of the view matrix in most applications, though
+	* many games will need to do some additional rotation or translation on top of the rotation
+	* and translation provided by the head pose.
+	*
+	* For devices where bPoseIsValid is true the application can use the pose to position the device
+	* in question. The provided array can be any size up to k_unMaxTrackedDeviceCount.
+	*
+	* Seated experiences should call this method with TrackingUniverseSeated and receive poses relative
+	* to the seated zero pose. Standing experiences should call this method with TrackingUniverseStanding
+	* and receive poses relative to the Chaperone Play Area. TrackingUniverseRawAndUncalibrated should
+	* probably not be used unless the application is the Chaperone calibration tool itself, but will provide
+	* poses relative to the hardware-specific coordinate system in the driver.
+	*/
+	virtual void GetDeviceToAbsoluteTrackingPose( ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, float fPredictedSecondsToPhotonsFromNow, VR_ARRAY_COUNT(unTrackedDevicePoseArrayCount) TrackedDevicePose_t *pTrackedDevicePoseArray, uint32_t unTrackedDevicePoseArrayCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the transform from the seated zero pose to the standing absolute tracking system. This allows
+	* applications to represent the seated origin to used or transform object positions from one coordinate
+	* system to the other.
+	*
+	* The seated origin may or may not be inside the Play Area or Collision Bounds returned by IVRChaperone. Its position
+	* depends on what the user has set from the Dashboard settings and previous calls to ResetSeatedZeroPose. */
+	virtual HmdMatrix34_t GetSeatedZeroPoseToStandingAbsoluteTrackingPose() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the transform from the tracking origin to the standing absolute tracking system. This allows
+	* applications to convert from raw tracking space to the calibrated standing coordinate system. */
+	virtual HmdMatrix34_t GetRawZeroPoseToStandingAbsoluteTrackingPose() = 0;
+
+	/** Get a sorted array of device indices of a given class of tracked devices (e.g. controllers).  Devices are sorted right to left
+	* relative to the specified tracked device (default: hmd -- pass in -1 for absolute tracking space).  Returns the number of devices
+	* in the list, or the size of the array needed if not large enough. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetSortedTrackedDeviceIndicesOfClass( ETrackedDeviceClass eTrackedDeviceClass, VR_ARRAY_COUNT(unTrackedDeviceIndexArrayCount) vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t *punTrackedDeviceIndexArray, uint32_t unTrackedDeviceIndexArrayCount, vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unRelativeToTrackedDeviceIndex = k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the level of activity on the device. */
+	virtual EDeviceActivityLevel GetTrackedDeviceActivityLevel( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceId ) = 0;
+
+	/** Convenience utility to apply the specified transform to the specified pose.
+	*   This properly transforms all pose components, including velocity and angular velocity
+	*/
+	virtual void ApplyTransform( TrackedDevicePose_t *pOutputPose, const TrackedDevicePose_t *pTrackedDevicePose, const HmdMatrix34_t *pTransform ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the device index associated with a specific role, for example the left hand or the right hand. This function is deprecated in favor of the new IVRInput system. */
+	virtual vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t GetTrackedDeviceIndexForControllerRole( vr::ETrackedControllerRole unDeviceType ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the controller type associated with a device index. This function is deprecated in favor of the new IVRInput system. */
+	virtual vr::ETrackedControllerRole GetControllerRoleForTrackedDeviceIndex( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Property methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Returns the device class of a tracked device. If there has not been a device connected in this slot
+	* since the application started this function will return TrackedDevice_Invalid. For previous detected
+	* devices the function will return the previously observed device class.
+	*
+	* To determine which devices exist on the system, just loop from 0 to k_unMaxTrackedDeviceCount and check
+	* the device class. Every device with something other than TrackedDevice_Invalid is associated with an
+	* actual tracked device. */
+	virtual ETrackedDeviceClass GetTrackedDeviceClass( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if there is a device connected in this slot. */
+	virtual bool IsTrackedDeviceConnected( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns a bool property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a bool type this function will return false. */
+	virtual bool GetBoolTrackedDeviceProperty( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns a float property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a float type this function will return 0. */
+	virtual float GetFloatTrackedDeviceProperty( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns an int property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a int type this function will return 0. */
+	virtual int32_t GetInt32TrackedDeviceProperty( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns a uint64 property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a uint64 type this function will return 0. */
+	virtual uint64_t GetUint64TrackedDeviceProperty( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns a matrix property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a matrix type, this function will return identity. */
+	virtual HmdMatrix34_t GetMatrix34TrackedDeviceProperty( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns an array of one type of property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a single value or an array of the specified type,
+	* this function will return 0. Otherwise it returns the number of bytes necessary to hold the array of properties. If unBufferSize is
+	* greater than the returned size and pBuffer is non-NULL, pBuffer is filled with the contents of array of properties. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetArrayTrackedDeviceProperty( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, PropertyTypeTag_t propType, void *pBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns a string property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a string type this function will
+	* return 0. Otherwise it returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing
+	* null. Strings will always fit in buffers of k_unMaxPropertyStringSize characters. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetStringTrackedDeviceProperty( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+	/** returns a string that corresponds with the specified property error. The string will be the name
+	* of the error enum value for all valid error codes */
+	virtual const char *GetPropErrorNameFromEnum( ETrackedPropertyError error ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Event methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Returns true and fills the event with the next event on the queue if there is one. If there are no events
+	* this method returns false. uncbVREvent should be the size in bytes of the VREvent_t struct */
+	virtual bool PollNextEvent( VREvent_t *pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true and fills the event with the next event on the queue if there is one. If there are no events
+	* this method returns false. Fills in the pose of the associated tracked device in the provided pose struct.
+	* This pose will always be older than the call to this function and should not be used to render the device.
+	uncbVREvent should be the size in bytes of the VREvent_t struct */
+	virtual bool PollNextEventWithPose( ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, VREvent_t *pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent, vr::TrackedDevicePose_t *pTrackedDevicePose ) = 0;
+
+	/** returns the name of an EVREvent enum value */
+	virtual const char *GetEventTypeNameFromEnum( EVREventType eType ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Rendering helper methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Returns the hidden area mesh for the current HMD. The pixels covered by this mesh will never be seen by the user after the lens distortion is
+	* applied based on visibility to the panels. If this HMD does not have a hidden area mesh, the vertex data and count will be NULL and 0 respectively.
+	* This mesh is meant to be rendered into the stencil buffer (or into the depth buffer setting nearz) before rendering each eye's view.
+	* This will improve performance by letting the GPU early-reject pixels the user will never see before running the pixel shader.
+	* NOTE: Render this mesh with backface culling disabled since the winding order of the vertices can be different per-HMD or per-eye.
+	* Setting the bInverse argument to true will produce the visible area mesh that is commonly used in place of full-screen quads. The visible area mesh covers all of the pixels the hidden area mesh does not cover.
+	* Setting the bLineLoop argument will return a line loop of vertices in HiddenAreaMesh_t->pVertexData with HiddenAreaMesh_t->unTriangleCount set to the number of vertices.
+	*/
+	virtual HiddenAreaMesh_t GetHiddenAreaMesh( EVREye eEye, EHiddenAreaMeshType type = k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Standard ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Controller methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Fills the supplied struct with the current state of the controller. Returns false if the controller index
+	* is invalid. This function is deprecated in favor of the new IVRInput system. */
+	virtual bool GetControllerState( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unControllerDeviceIndex, vr::VRControllerState_t *pControllerState, uint32_t unControllerStateSize ) = 0;
+
+	/** fills the supplied struct with the current state of the controller and the provided pose with the pose of
+	* the controller when the controller state was updated most recently. Use this form if you need a precise controller
+	* pose as input to your application when the user presses or releases a button. This function is deprecated in favor of the new IVRInput system. */
+	virtual bool GetControllerStateWithPose( ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unControllerDeviceIndex, vr::VRControllerState_t *pControllerState, uint32_t unControllerStateSize, TrackedDevicePose_t *pTrackedDevicePose ) = 0;
+
+	/** Trigger a single haptic pulse on a controller. After this call the application may not trigger another haptic pulse on this controller
+	* and axis combination for 5ms. This function is deprecated in favor of the new IVRInput system. */
+	virtual void TriggerHapticPulse( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unControllerDeviceIndex, uint32_t unAxisId, unsigned short usDurationMicroSec ) = 0;
+
+	/** returns the name of an EVRButtonId enum value. This function is deprecated in favor of the new IVRInput system.  */
+	virtual const char *GetButtonIdNameFromEnum( EVRButtonId eButtonId ) = 0;
+
+	/** returns the name of an EVRControllerAxisType enum value. This function is deprecated in favor of the new IVRInput system. */
+	virtual const char *GetControllerAxisTypeNameFromEnum( EVRControllerAxisType eAxisType ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if this application is receiving input from the system. This would return false if
+	* system-related functionality is consuming the input stream. */
+	virtual bool IsInputAvailable() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true SteamVR is drawing controllers on top of the application. Applications should consider
+	* not drawing anything attached to the user's hands in this case. */
+	virtual bool IsSteamVRDrawingControllers() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if the user has put SteamVR into a mode that is distracting them from the application.
+	* For applications where this is appropriate, the application should pause ongoing activity. */
+	virtual bool ShouldApplicationPause() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if SteamVR is doing significant rendering work and the game should do what it can to reduce
+	* its own workload. One common way to do this is to reduce the size of the render target provided for each eye. */
+	virtual bool ShouldApplicationReduceRenderingWork() = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Firmware methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Performs the actual firmware update if applicable.
+	 * The following events will be sent, if VRFirmwareError_None was returned: VREvent_FirmwareUpdateStarted, VREvent_FirmwareUpdateFinished
+	 * Use the properties Prop_Firmware_UpdateAvailable_Bool, Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdate_Bool, and Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdateURL_String
+	 * to figure our whether a firmware update is available, and to figure out whether its a manual update
+	 * Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdateURL_String should point to an URL describing the manual update process */
+	virtual vr::EVRFirmwareError PerformFirmwareUpdate( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Application life cycle methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Call this to acknowledge to the system that VREvent_Quit has been received and that the process is exiting.
+	* This extends the timeout until the process is killed. */
+	virtual void AcknowledgeQuit_Exiting() = 0;
+
+	// -------------------------------------
+	// App container sandbox methods
+	// -------------------------------------
+
+	/** Retrieves a null-terminated, semicolon-delimited list of UTF8 file paths that an application
+	* must have read access to when running inside of an app container. Returns the number of bytes
+	* needed to hold the list. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetAppContainerFilePaths( VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	// -------------------------------------
+	// System methods
+	// -------------------------------------
+
+	/** Returns the current version of the SteamVR runtime. The returned string will remain valid until VR_Shutdown is called.
+	*
+	* NOTE: Is it not appropriate to use this version to test for the presence of any SteamVR feature. Only use this version
+	* number for logging or showing to a user, and not to try to detect anything at runtime. When appropriate, feature-specific
+	* presence information is provided by other APIs. */
+	virtual const char *GetRuntimeVersion() = 0;
+
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRSystem_Version = "IVRSystem_022";
+
+}
+
+
+// ivrapplications.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+	/** Used for all errors reported by the IVRApplications interface */
+	enum EVRApplicationError
+	{
+		VRApplicationError_None = 0,
+
+		VRApplicationError_AppKeyAlreadyExists = 100,	// Only one application can use any given key
+		VRApplicationError_NoManifest = 101,			// the running application does not have a manifest
+		VRApplicationError_NoApplication = 102,			// No application is running
+		VRApplicationError_InvalidIndex = 103,
+		VRApplicationError_UnknownApplication = 104,	// the application could not be found
+		VRApplicationError_IPCFailed = 105,				// An IPC failure caused the request to fail
+		VRApplicationError_ApplicationAlreadyRunning = 106,
+		VRApplicationError_InvalidManifest = 107,
+		VRApplicationError_InvalidApplication = 108,
+		VRApplicationError_LaunchFailed = 109,			// the process didn't start
+		VRApplicationError_ApplicationAlreadyStarting = 110, // the system was already starting the same application
+		VRApplicationError_LaunchInProgress = 111,		// The system was already starting a different application
+		VRApplicationError_OldApplicationQuitting = 112,
+		VRApplicationError_TransitionAborted = 113,
+		VRApplicationError_IsTemplate = 114, // error when you try to call LaunchApplication() on a template type app (use LaunchTemplateApplication)
+		VRApplicationError_SteamVRIsExiting = 115,
+
+		VRApplicationError_BufferTooSmall = 200,		// The provided buffer was too small to fit the requested data
+		VRApplicationError_PropertyNotSet = 201,		// The requested property was not set
+		VRApplicationError_UnknownProperty = 202,
+		VRApplicationError_InvalidParameter = 203,
+
+		VRApplicationError_NotImplemented = 300,  // Fcn is not implemented in current interface
+	};
+
+	/** The maximum length of an application key */
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxApplicationKeyLength = 128;
+
+	/** these are the properties available on applications. */
+	enum EVRApplicationProperty
+	{
+		VRApplicationProperty_Name_String				= 0,
+
+		VRApplicationProperty_LaunchType_String			= 11,
+		VRApplicationProperty_WorkingDirectory_String	= 12,
+		VRApplicationProperty_BinaryPath_String			= 13,
+		VRApplicationProperty_Arguments_String			= 14,
+		VRApplicationProperty_URL_String				= 15,
+
+		VRApplicationProperty_Description_String		= 50,
+		VRApplicationProperty_NewsURL_String			= 51,
+		VRApplicationProperty_ImagePath_String			= 52,
+		VRApplicationProperty_Source_String				= 53,
+		VRApplicationProperty_ActionManifestURL_String	= 54,
+
+		VRApplicationProperty_IsDashboardOverlay_Bool	= 60,
+		VRApplicationProperty_IsTemplate_Bool			= 61,
+		VRApplicationProperty_IsInstanced_Bool			= 62,
+		VRApplicationProperty_IsInternal_Bool			= 63,
+		VRApplicationProperty_WantsCompositorPauseInStandby_Bool = 64,
+		VRApplicationProperty_IsHidden_Bool				= 65,
+
+		VRApplicationProperty_LastLaunchTime_Uint64		= 70,
+	};
+
+	enum EVRSceneApplicationState
+	{
+		EVRSceneApplicationState_None						      = 0, // Scene Application is not running
+		EVRSceneApplicationState_Starting					      = 1, // Scene Application is starting
+		EVRSceneApplicationState_Quitting					      = 2, // Scene Application is quitting
+		EVRSceneApplicationState_Running						  = 3, // Scene Application is running, and submitting frames, a custom skybox, or a visible overlay
+		EVRSceneApplicationState_Waiting						  = 4, // Scene Application is running, but not drawing anything
+	};
+
+	struct AppOverrideKeys_t
+	{
+		const char *pchKey;
+		const char *pchValue;
+	};
+
+	/** Currently recognized mime types */
+	static const char * const k_pch_MimeType_HomeApp		= "vr/home";
+	static const char * const k_pch_MimeType_GameTheater	= "vr/game_theater";
+
+	class IVRApplications
+	{
+	public:
+
+		// ---------------  Application management  --------------- //
+
+		/** Adds an application manifest to the list to load when building the list of installed applications.
+		* Temporary manifests are not automatically loaded */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError AddApplicationManifest( const char *pchApplicationManifestFullPath, bool bTemporary = false ) = 0;
+
+		/** Removes an application manifest from the list to load when building the list of installed applications. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError RemoveApplicationManifest( const char *pchApplicationManifestFullPath ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns true if an application is installed */
+		virtual bool IsApplicationInstalled( const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the number of applications available in the list */
+		virtual uint32_t GetApplicationCount() = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the key of the specified application. The index is at least 0 and is less than the return
+		* value of GetApplicationCount(). The buffer should be at least k_unMaxApplicationKeyLength in order to
+		* fit the key. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError GetApplicationKeyByIndex( uint32_t unApplicationIndex, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the key of the application for the specified Process Id. The buffer should be at least
+		* k_unMaxApplicationKeyLength in order to fit the key. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError GetApplicationKeyByProcessId( uint32_t unProcessId, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen ) = 0;
+
+		/** Launches the application. The existing scene application will exit and then the new application will start.
+		* This call is not valid for dashboard overlay applications. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError LaunchApplication( const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Launches an instance of an application of type template, with its app key being pchNewAppKey (which must be unique) and optionally override sections
+		* from the manifest file via AppOverrideKeys_t
+		*/
+		virtual EVRApplicationError LaunchTemplateApplication( const char *pchTemplateAppKey, const char *pchNewAppKey, VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unKeys ) const AppOverrideKeys_t *pKeys, uint32_t unKeys ) = 0;
+
+		/** launches the application currently associated with this mime type and passes it the option args, typically the filename or object name of the item being launched */
+		virtual vr::EVRApplicationError LaunchApplicationFromMimeType( const char *pchMimeType, const char *pchArgs ) = 0;
+
+		/** Launches the dashboard overlay application if it is not already running. This call is only valid for
+		* dashboard overlay applications. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError LaunchDashboardOverlay( const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Cancel a pending launch for an application */
+		virtual bool CancelApplicationLaunch( const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Identifies a running application. OpenVR can't always tell which process started in response
+		* to a URL. This function allows a URL handler (or the process itself) to identify the app key
+		* for the now running application. Passing a process ID of 0 identifies the calling process.
+		* The application must be one that's known to the system via a call to AddApplicationManifest. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError IdentifyApplication( uint32_t unProcessId, const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the process ID for an application. Return 0 if the application was not found or is not running. */
+		virtual uint32_t GetApplicationProcessId( const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a string for an applications error */
+		virtual const char *GetApplicationsErrorNameFromEnum( EVRApplicationError error ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------  Application properties  --------------- //
+
+		/** Returns a value for an application property. The required buffer size to fit this value will be returned. */
+		virtual uint32_t GetApplicationPropertyString( const char *pchAppKey, EVRApplicationProperty eProperty, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchPropertyValueBuffer, uint32_t unPropertyValueBufferLen, EVRApplicationError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a bool value for an application property. Returns false in all error cases. */
+		virtual bool GetApplicationPropertyBool( const char *pchAppKey, EVRApplicationProperty eProperty, EVRApplicationError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a uint64 value for an application property. Returns 0 in all error cases. */
+		virtual uint64_t GetApplicationPropertyUint64( const char *pchAppKey, EVRApplicationProperty eProperty, EVRApplicationError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the application auto-launch flag. This is only valid for applications which return true for VRApplicationProperty_IsDashboardOverlay_Bool. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError SetApplicationAutoLaunch( const char *pchAppKey, bool bAutoLaunch ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the application auto-launch flag. This is only valid for applications which return true for VRApplicationProperty_IsDashboardOverlay_Bool. */
+		virtual bool GetApplicationAutoLaunch( const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Adds this mime-type to the list of supported mime types for this application*/
+		virtual EVRApplicationError SetDefaultApplicationForMimeType( const char *pchAppKey, const char *pchMimeType ) = 0;
+
+		/** return the app key that will open this mime type */
+		virtual bool GetDefaultApplicationForMimeType( const char *pchMimeType, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the list of supported mime types for this application, comma-delimited */
+		virtual bool GetApplicationSupportedMimeTypes( const char *pchAppKey, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchMimeTypesBuffer, uint32_t unMimeTypesBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the list of app-keys that support this mime type, comma-delimited, the return value is number of bytes you need to return the full string */
+		virtual uint32_t GetApplicationsThatSupportMimeType( const char *pchMimeType, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchAppKeysThatSupportBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeysThatSupportBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the args list from an app launch that had the process already running, you call this when you get a VREvent_ApplicationMimeTypeLoad */
+		virtual uint32_t GetApplicationLaunchArguments( uint32_t unHandle, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchArgs, uint32_t unArgs ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------  Transition methods --------------- //
+
+		/** Returns the app key for the application that is starting up */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError GetStartingApplication( VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the application transition state */
+		virtual EVRSceneApplicationState GetSceneApplicationState() = 0;
+
+		/** Returns errors that would prevent the specified application from launching immediately. Calling this function will
+		* cause the current scene application to quit, so only call it when you are actually about to launch something else.
+		* What the caller should do about these failures depends on the failure:
+		*   VRApplicationError_OldApplicationQuitting - An existing application has been told to quit. Wait for a VREvent_ProcessQuit
+		*                                               and try again.
+		*   VRApplicationError_ApplicationAlreadyStarting - This application is already starting. This is a permanent failure.
+		*   VRApplicationError_LaunchInProgress	      - A different application is already starting. This is a permanent failure.
+		*   VRApplicationError_None                   - Go ahead and launch. Everything is clear.
+		*/
+		virtual EVRApplicationError PerformApplicationPrelaunchCheck( const char *pchAppKey ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a string for an application transition state */
+		virtual const char *GetSceneApplicationStateNameFromEnum( EVRSceneApplicationState state ) = 0;
+
+		/** Starts a subprocess within the calling application. This
+		* suppresses all application transition UI and automatically identifies the new executable
+		* as part of the same application. On success the calling process should exit immediately.
+		* If working directory is NULL or "" the directory portion of the binary path will be
+		* the working directory. */
+		virtual EVRApplicationError LaunchInternalProcess( const char *pchBinaryPath, const char *pchArguments, const char *pchWorkingDirectory ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the current scene process ID according to the application system. A scene process will get scene
+		* focus once it starts rendering, but it will appear here once it calls VR_Init with the Scene application
+		* type. */
+		virtual uint32_t GetCurrentSceneProcessId() = 0;
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVRApplications_Version = "IVRApplications_007";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+// ivrsettings.h
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	enum EVRSettingsError
+	{
+		VRSettingsError_None = 0,
+		VRSettingsError_IPCFailed = 1,
+		VRSettingsError_WriteFailed = 2,
+		VRSettingsError_ReadFailed = 3,
+		VRSettingsError_JsonParseFailed = 4,
+		VRSettingsError_UnsetSettingHasNoDefault = 5, // This will be returned if the setting does not appear in the appropriate default file and has not been set
+	};
+
+	// The maximum length of a settings key
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxSettingsKeyLength = 128;
+
+	class IVRSettings
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual const char *GetSettingsErrorNameFromEnum( EVRSettingsError eError ) = 0;
+
+		virtual void SetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, bool bValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void SetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, int32_t nValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void SetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, float flValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void SetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, const char *pchValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		// Users of the system need to provide a proper default in default.vrsettings in the resources/settings/ directory
+		// of either the runtime or the driver_xxx directory. Otherwise the default will be false, 0, 0.0 or ""
+		virtual bool GetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual int32_t GetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual float GetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void GetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unValueLen, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		virtual void RemoveSection( const char *pchSection, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void RemoveKeyInSection( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+	};
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	static const char * const IVRSettings_Version = "IVRSettings_003";
+
+	class CVRSettingHelper
+	{
+		IVRSettings *m_pSettings;
+	public:
+		CVRSettingHelper( IVRSettings *pSettings )
+		{
+			m_pSettings = pSettings;
+		}
+
+		const char *GetSettingsErrorNameFromEnum( EVRSettingsError eError )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetSettingsErrorNameFromEnum( eError );
+		}
+
+		void SetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, bool bValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetBool( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, bValue, peError );
+		}
+
+		void SetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, int32_t nValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetInt32( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, nValue, peError );
+		}
+		void SetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, float flValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetFloat( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, flValue, peError );
+		}
+		void SetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, const char *pchValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetString( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, pchValue, peError );
+		}
+		void SetString( const std::string & sSection, const std::string &  sSettingsKey, const std::string & sValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetString( sSection.c_str(), sSettingsKey.c_str(), sValue.c_str(), peError );
+		}
+
+		bool GetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetBool( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+		int32_t GetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetInt32( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+		float GetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetFloat( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+		void GetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unValueLen, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->GetString( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, pchValue, unValueLen, peError );
+		}
+		std::string GetString( const std::string & sSection, const std::string & sSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			char buf[4096];
+			vr::EVRSettingsError eError;
+			m_pSettings->GetString( sSection.c_str(), sSettingsKey.c_str(), buf, sizeof( buf ), &eError );
+			if ( peError )
+				*peError = eError;
+			if ( eError == vr::VRSettingsError_None )
+				return buf;
+			else
+				return "";
+		}
+
+		void RemoveSection( const char *pchSection, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->RemoveSection( pchSection, peError );
+		}
+		void RemoveKeyInSection( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->RemoveKeyInSection( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+	};
+
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// steamvr keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_Section = "steamvr";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_RequireHmd_String = "requireHmd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForcedDriverKey_String = "forcedDriver";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForcedHmdKey_String = "forcedHmd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebug_Bool = "displayDebug";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DebugProcessPipe_String = "debugProcessPipe";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebugX_Int32 = "displayDebugX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebugY_Int32 = "displayDebugY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SendSystemButtonToAllApps_Bool= "sendSystemButtonToAllApps";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_LogLevel_Int32 = "loglevel";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_IPD_Float = "ipd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_Background_String = "background";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundUseDomeProjection_Bool = "backgroundUseDomeProjection";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundCameraHeight_Float = "backgroundCameraHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundDomeRadius_Float = "backgroundDomeRadius";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_GridColor_String = "gridColor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_PlayAreaColor_String = "playAreaColor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_TrackingLossColor_String = "trackingLossColor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ShowStage_Bool = "showStage";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DrawTrackingReferences_Bool = "drawTrackingReferences";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ActivateMultipleDrivers_Bool = "activateMultipleDrivers";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_UsingSpeakers_Bool = "usingSpeakers";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SpeakersForwardYawOffsetDegrees_Float = "speakersForwardYawOffsetDegrees";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BaseStationPowerManagement_Int32 = "basestationPowerManagement";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ShowBaseStationPowerManagementTip_Int32 = "ShowBaseStationPowerManagementTip";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_NeverKillProcesses_Bool = "neverKillProcesses";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SupersampleScale_Float = "supersampleScale";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MaxRecommendedResolution_Int32 = "maxRecommendedResolution";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MotionSmoothing_Bool = "motionSmoothing";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MotionSmoothingOverride_Int32 = "motionSmoothingOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_FramesToThrottle_Int32 = "framesToThrottle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AdditionalFramesToPredict_Int32 = "additionalFramesToPredict";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisableAsyncReprojection_Bool = "disableAsync";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForceFadeOnBadTracking_Bool = "forceFadeOnBadTracking";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DefaultMirrorView_Int32 = "mirrorView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ShowLegacyMirrorView_Bool = "showLegacyMirrorView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewVisibility_Bool = "showMirrorView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewDisplayMode_Int32 = "mirrorViewDisplayMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewEye_Int32 = "mirrorViewEye";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewGeometry_String = "mirrorViewGeometry";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewGeometryMaximized_String = "mirrorViewGeometryMaximized";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_PerfGraphVisibility_Bool = "showPerfGraph";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartMonitorFromAppLaunch = "startMonitorFromAppLaunch";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartCompositorFromAppLaunch_Bool = "startCompositorFromAppLaunch";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartDashboardFromAppLaunch_Bool = "startDashboardFromAppLaunch";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartOverlayAppsFromDashboard_Bool = "startOverlayAppsFromDashboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableHomeApp = "enableHomeApp";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CycleBackgroundImageTimeSec_Int32 = "CycleBackgroundImageTimeSec";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_RetailDemo_Bool = "retailDemo";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_IpdOffset_Float = "ipdOffset";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AllowSupersampleFiltering_Bool = "allowSupersampleFiltering";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SupersampleManualOverride_Bool = "supersampleManualOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableLinuxVulkanAsync_Bool = "enableLinuxVulkanAsync";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AllowDisplayLockedMode_Bool = "allowDisplayLockedMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HaveStartedTutorialForNativeChaperoneDriver_Bool = "haveStartedTutorialForNativeChaperoneDriver";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForceWindows32bitVRMonitor = "forceWindows32BitVRMonitor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DebugInputBinding = "debugInputBinding";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DoNotFadeToGrid = "doNotFadeToGrid";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_RenderCameraMode = "renderCameraMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableSharedResourceJournaling = "enableSharedResourceJournaling";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableSafeMode = "enableSafeMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_PreferredRefreshRate = "preferredRefreshRate";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_LastVersionNotice = "lastVersionNotice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_LastVersionNoticeDate = "lastVersionNoticeDate";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainR_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainR";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainG_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainG";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainB_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainB";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CustomIconStyle_String = "customIconStyle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CustomOffIconStyle_String = "customOffIconStyle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CustomIconForceUpdate_String = "customIconForceUpdate";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AllowGlobalActionSetPriority = "globalActionSetPriority";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_OverlayRenderQuality = "overlayRenderQuality_2";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BlockOculusSDKOnOpenVRLaunchOption_Bool = "blockOculusSDKOnOpenVRLaunchOption";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BlockOculusSDKOnAllLaunches_Bool = "blockOculusSDKOnAllLaunches";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HDCPLegacyCompatibility_Bool = "hdcp14legacyCompatibility";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_UsePrism_Bool = "usePrism";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// direct mode keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_Section = "direct_mode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_Enable_Bool = "enable";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_Count_Int32 = "count";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_EdidVid_Int32 = "edidVid";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_EdidPid_Int32 = "edidPid";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// lighthouse keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_Section = "driver_lighthouse";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DisableIMU_Bool = "disableimu";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DisableIMUExceptHMD_Bool = "disableimuexcepthmd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_UseDisambiguation_String = "usedisambiguation";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DisambiguationDebug_Int32 = "disambiguationdebug";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_PrimaryBasestation_Int32 = "primarybasestation";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DBHistory_Bool = "dbhistory";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_EnableBluetooth_Bool = "enableBluetooth";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_PowerManagedBaseStations_String = "PowerManagedBaseStations";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_PowerManagedBaseStations2_String = "PowerManagedBaseStations2";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_InactivityTimeoutForBaseStations_Int32 = "InactivityTimeoutForBaseStations";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_EnableImuFallback_Bool = "enableImuFallback";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// null keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_Section = "driver_null";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_SerialNumber_String = "serialNumber";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_ModelNumber_String = "modelNumber";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowX_Int32 = "windowX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowY_Int32 = "windowY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowWidth_Int32 = "windowWidth";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowHeight_Int32 = "windowHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_RenderWidth_Int32 = "renderWidth";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_RenderHeight_Int32 = "renderHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_SecondsFromVsyncToPhotons_Float = "secondsFromVsyncToPhotons";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_DisplayFrequency_Float = "displayFrequency";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Windows MR keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_WindowsMR_Section = "driver_holographic";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// user interface keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_Section = "userinterface";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_StatusAlwaysOnTop_Bool = "StatusAlwaysOnTop";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_MinimizeToTray_Bool = "MinimizeToTray";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_HidePopupsWhenStatusMinimized_Bool = "HidePopupsWhenStatusMinimized";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_Screenshots_Bool = "screenshots";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_ScreenshotType_Int = "screenshotType";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// notification keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Notifications_Section = "notifications";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Notifications_DoNotDisturb_Bool = "DoNotDisturb";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// keyboard keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_Section = "keyboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_TutorialCompletions = "TutorialCompletions";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_ScaleX = "ScaleX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_ScaleY = "ScaleY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetLeftX = "OffsetLeftX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetRightX = "OffsetRightX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetY = "OffsetY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_Smoothing = "Smoothing";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// perf keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_Section = "perfcheck";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_PerfGraphInHMD_Bool = "perfGraphInHMD";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_AllowTimingStore_Bool = "allowTimingStore";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_SaveTimingsOnExit_Bool = "saveTimingsOnExit";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_TestData_Float = "perfTestData";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_GPUProfiling_Bool = "GPUProfiling";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// collision bounds keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_Section = "collisionBounds";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_Style_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsStyle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_GroundPerimeterOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsGroundPerimeterOn";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_CenterMarkerOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsCenterMarkerOn";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_PlaySpaceOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsPlaySpaceOn";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_FadeDistance_Float = "CollisionBoundsFadeDistance";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_WallHeight_Float = "CollisionBoundsWallHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaR_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaR";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaG_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaG";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaB_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaB";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaA_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaA";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_EnableDriverImport = "enableDriverBoundsImport";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// camera keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_Section = "camera";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_EnableCamera_Bool = "enableCamera";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_ShowOnController_Bool = "showOnController";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_EnableCameraForCollisionBounds_Bool = "enableCameraForCollisionBounds";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_RoomView_Int32 = "roomView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaR_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaR";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaG_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaG";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaB_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaB";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaA_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaA";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsStrength_Int32 = "cameraBoundsStrength";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_RoomViewStyle_Int32 = "roomViewStyle";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// audio keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_Section = "audio";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_SetOsDefaultPlaybackDevice_Bool = "setOsDefaultPlaybackDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackDeviceOverride_Bool = "enablePlaybackDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackDeviceOverride_String = "playbackDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackDeviceOverrideName_String = "playbackDeviceOverrideName";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_SetOsDefaultRecordingDevice_Bool = "setOsDefaultRecordingDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnableRecordingDeviceOverride_Bool = "enableRecordingDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_RecordingDeviceOverride_String = "recordingDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_RecordingDeviceOverrideName_String = "recordingDeviceOverrideName";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackMirror_Bool = "enablePlaybackMirror";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackMirrorDevice_String = "playbackMirrorDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackMirrorDeviceName_String = "playbackMirrorDeviceName";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_OldPlaybackMirrorDevice_String = "onPlaybackMirrorDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_ActiveMirrorDevice_String = "activePlaybackMirrorDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackMirrorIndependentVolume_Bool = "enablePlaybackMirrorIndependentVolume";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_LastHmdPlaybackDeviceId_String = "lastHmdPlaybackDeviceId";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_VIVEHDMIGain = "viveHDMIGain";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_DualSpeakerAndJackOutput_Bool = "dualSpeakerAndJackOutput";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_MuteMicMonitor_Bool = "muteMicMonitor";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// power management keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_Section = "power";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_PowerOffOnExit_Bool = "powerOffOnExit";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_TurnOffScreensTimeout_Float = "turnOffScreensTimeout";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_TurnOffControllersTimeout_Float = "turnOffControllersTimeout";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_ReturnToWatchdogTimeout_Float = "returnToWatchdogTimeout";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_AutoLaunchSteamVROnButtonPress = "autoLaunchSteamVROnButtonPress";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_PauseCompositorOnStandby_Bool = "pauseCompositorOnStandby";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// dashboard keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_Section = "dashboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_EnableDashboard_Bool = "enableDashboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_ArcadeMode_Bool = "arcadeMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_Position = "position";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_DesktopScale = "desktopScale";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_DashboardScale = "dashboardScale";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_UseStandaloneSystemLayer = "standaloneSystemLayer";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// model skin keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_modelskin_Section = "modelskins";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// driver keys - These could be checked in any driver_<name> section
+	static const char * const k_pch_Driver_Enable_Bool = "enable";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Driver_BlockedBySafemode_Bool = "blocked_by_safe_mode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Driver_LoadPriority_Int32 = "loadPriority";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// web interface keys
+	static const char* const k_pch_WebInterface_Section = "WebInterface";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// vrwebhelper keys
+	static const char* const k_pch_VRWebHelper_Section = "VRWebHelper";
+	static const char* const k_pch_VRWebHelper_DebuggerEnabled_Bool = "DebuggerEnabled";
+	static const char* const k_pch_VRWebHelper_DebuggerPort_Int32 = "DebuggerPort";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// tracking overrides - keys are device paths, values are the device paths their
+	//  tracking/pose information overrides
+	static const char* const k_pch_TrackingOverride_Section = "TrackingOverrides";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// per-app keys - the section name for these is the app key itself. Some of these are prefixed by the controller type
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingAutosaveURLSuffix_String = "AutosaveURL";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingLegacyAPISuffix_String = "_legacy";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingSteamVRInputAPISuffix_String = "_steamvrinput";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingCurrentURLSuffix_String = "CurrentURL";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingPreviousURLSuffix_String = "PreviousURL";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_NeedToUpdateAutosaveSuffix_Bool = "NeedToUpdateAutosave";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_DominantHand_Int32 = "DominantHand";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BlockOculusSDK_Bool = "blockOculusSDK";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// configuration for trackers
+	static const char * const k_pch_Trackers_Section = "trackers";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// configuration for desktop UI windows
+	static const char * const k_pch_DesktopUI_Section = "DesktopUI";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Last known keys for righting recovery
+	static const char * const k_pch_LastKnown_Section = "LastKnown";
+	static const char* const k_pch_LastKnown_HMDManufacturer_String = "HMDManufacturer";
+	static const char* const k_pch_LastKnown_HMDModel_String = "HMDModel";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Dismissed warnings
+	static const char * const k_pch_DismissedWarnings_Section = "DismissedWarnings";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Input Settings
+	static const char * const k_pch_Input_Section = "input";
+	static const char* const k_pch_Input_LeftThumbstickRotation_Float = "leftThumbstickRotation";
+	static const char* const k_pch_Input_RightThumbstickRotation_Float = "rightThumbstickRotation";
+	static const char* const k_pch_Input_ThumbstickDeadzone_Float = "thumbstickDeadzone";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Log of GPU performance
+	static const char * const k_pch_GpuSpeed_Section = "GpuSpeed";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+// ivrchaperone.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+enum ChaperoneCalibrationState
+{
+	// OK!
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_OK = 1,									// Chaperone is fully calibrated and working correctly
+
+	// Warnings
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning = 100,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning_BaseStationMayHaveMoved = 101,	// A base station thinks that it might have moved
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning_BaseStationRemoved = 102,			// There are less base stations than when calibrated
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning_SeatedBoundsInvalid = 103,		// Seated bounds haven't been calibrated for the current tracking center
+
+	// Errors
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error = 200,								// The UniverseID is invalid
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_BaseStationUninitialized = 201,		// Tracking center hasn't be calibrated for at least one of the base stations
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_BaseStationConflict = 202,			// Tracking center is calibrated, but base stations disagree on the tracking space
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_PlayAreaInvalid = 203,				// Play Area hasn't been calibrated for the current tracking center
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_CollisionBoundsInvalid = 204,		// Collision Bounds haven't been calibrated for the current tracking center
+};
+
+
+/** HIGH LEVEL TRACKING SPACE ASSUMPTIONS:
+* 0,0,0 is the preferred standing area center.
+* 0Y is the floor height.
+* -Z is the preferred forward facing direction. */
+class IVRChaperone
+{
+public:
+
+	/** Get the current state of Chaperone calibration. This state can change at any time during a session due to physical base station changes. **/
+	virtual ChaperoneCalibrationState GetCalibrationState() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the width and depth of the Play Area (formerly named Soft Bounds) in X and Z.
+	* Tracking space center (0,0,0) is the center of the Play Area. **/
+	virtual bool GetPlayAreaSize( float *pSizeX, float *pSizeZ ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the 4 corner positions of the Play Area (formerly named Soft Bounds).
+	* Corners are in counter-clockwise order.
+	* Standing center (0,0,0) is the center of the Play Area.
+	* It's a rectangle.
+	* 2 sides are parallel to the X axis and 2 sides are parallel to the Z axis.
+	* Height of every corner is 0Y (on the floor). **/
+	virtual bool GetPlayAreaRect( HmdQuad_t *rect ) = 0;
+
+	/** Reload Chaperone data from the .vrchap file on disk. */
+	virtual void ReloadInfo( void ) = 0;
+
+	/** Optionally give the chaperone system a hit about the color and brightness in the scene **/
+	virtual void SetSceneColor( HmdColor_t color ) = 0;
+
+	/** Get the current chaperone bounds draw color and brightness **/
+	virtual void GetBoundsColor( HmdColor_t *pOutputColorArray, int nNumOutputColors, float flCollisionBoundsFadeDistance, HmdColor_t *pOutputCameraColor ) = 0;
+
+	/** Determine whether the bounds are showing right now **/
+	virtual bool AreBoundsVisible() = 0;
+
+	/** Force the bounds to show, mostly for utilities **/
+	virtual void ForceBoundsVisible( bool bForce ) = 0;
+
+	/** Sets the zero pose for the given tracker coordinate system to the current position and yaw of the HMD. After
+	* ResetZeroPose all GetDeviceToAbsoluteTrackingPose calls as the origin will be relative to this new zero pose.
+	* The new zero coordinate system will not change the fact that the Y axis is up in the real world, so the next
+	* pose returned from GetDeviceToAbsoluteTrackingPose after a call to ResetZeroPose may not be exactly an
+	* identity matrix.
+	*
+	* NOTE: This function overrides the user's previously saved zero pose and should only be called as the result of a user action.
+	* Users are also able to set their zero pose via the OpenVR Dashboard.
+	**/
+	virtual void ResetZeroPose( ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingUniverseOrigin ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRChaperone_Version = "IVRChaperone_004";
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+}
+
+// ivrchaperonesetup.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+enum EChaperoneConfigFile
+{
+	EChaperoneConfigFile_Live = 1,		// The live chaperone config, used by most applications and games
+	EChaperoneConfigFile_Temp = 2,		// The temporary chaperone config, used to live-preview collision bounds in room setup
+};
+
+enum EChaperoneImportFlags
+{
+	EChaperoneImport_BoundsOnly = 0x0001,
+};
+
+/** Manages the working copy of the chaperone info. By default this will be the same as the
+* live copy. Any changes made with this interface will stay in the working copy until
+* CommitWorkingCopy() is called, at which point the working copy and the live copy will be
+* the same again. */
+class IVRChaperoneSetup
+{
+public:
+
+	/** Saves the current working copy to disk */
+	virtual bool CommitWorkingCopy( EChaperoneConfigFile configFile ) = 0;
+
+	/** Reverts the working copy to match the live chaperone calibration.
+	* To modify existing data this MUST be do WHILE getting a non-error ChaperoneCalibrationStatus.
+	* Only after this should you do gets and sets on the existing data. */
+	virtual void RevertWorkingCopy() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the width and depth of the Play Area (formerly named Soft Bounds) in X and Z from the working copy.
+	* Tracking space center (0,0,0) is the center of the Play Area. */
+	virtual bool GetWorkingPlayAreaSize( float *pSizeX, float *pSizeZ ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the 4 corner positions of the Play Area (formerly named Soft Bounds) from the working copy.
+	* Corners are in clockwise order.
+	* Tracking space center (0,0,0) is the center of the Play Area.
+	* It's a rectangle.
+	* 2 sides are parallel to the X axis and 2 sides are parallel to the Z axis.
+	* Height of every corner is 0Y (on the floor). **/
+	virtual bool GetWorkingPlayAreaRect( HmdQuad_t *rect ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the number of Quads if the buffer points to null. Otherwise it returns Quads
+	* into the buffer up to the max specified from the working copy. */
+	virtual bool GetWorkingCollisionBoundsInfo( VR_OUT_ARRAY_COUNT(punQuadsCount) HmdQuad_t *pQuadsBuffer, uint32_t* punQuadsCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the number of Quads if the buffer points to null. Otherwise it returns Quads
+	* into the buffer up to the max specified. */
+	virtual bool GetLiveCollisionBoundsInfo( VR_OUT_ARRAY_COUNT(punQuadsCount) HmdQuad_t *pQuadsBuffer, uint32_t* punQuadsCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the preferred seated position from the working copy. */
+	virtual bool GetWorkingSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose( HmdMatrix34_t *pmatSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the standing origin from the working copy. */
+	virtual bool GetWorkingStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose( HmdMatrix34_t *pmatStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose ) = 0;
+
+	/** Sets the Play Area in the working copy. */
+	virtual void SetWorkingPlayAreaSize( float sizeX, float sizeZ ) = 0;
+
+	/** Sets the Collision Bounds in the working copy. Note: ceiling height is ignored. */
+	virtual void SetWorkingCollisionBoundsInfo( VR_ARRAY_COUNT(unQuadsCount) HmdQuad_t *pQuadsBuffer, uint32_t unQuadsCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Sets the Collision Bounds in the working copy. */
+	virtual void SetWorkingPerimeter( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unPointCount ) HmdVector2_t *pPointBuffer, uint32_t unPointCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Sets the preferred seated position in the working copy. */
+	virtual void SetWorkingSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose( const HmdMatrix34_t *pMatSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose ) = 0;
+
+	/** Sets the preferred standing position in the working copy. */
+	virtual void SetWorkingStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose( const HmdMatrix34_t *pMatStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose ) = 0;
+
+	/** Tear everything down and reload it from the file on disk */
+	virtual void ReloadFromDisk( EChaperoneConfigFile configFile ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the preferred seated position. */
+	virtual bool GetLiveSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose( HmdMatrix34_t *pmatSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose ) = 0;
+
+	virtual bool ExportLiveToBuffer( VR_OUT_STRING() char *pBuffer, uint32_t *pnBufferLength ) = 0;
+	virtual bool ImportFromBufferToWorking( const char *pBuffer, uint32_t nImportFlags ) = 0;
+
+	/** Shows the chaperone data in the working set to preview in the compositor.*/
+	virtual void ShowWorkingSetPreview() = 0;
+
+	/** Hides the chaperone data in the working set to preview in the compositor (if it was visible).*/
+	virtual void HideWorkingSetPreview() = 0;
+
+	/** Fire an event that the tracking system can use to know room setup is about to begin. This lets the tracking
+	 * system make any last minute adjustments that should be incorporated into the new setup.  If the user is adjusting
+	 * live in HMD using a tweak tool, keep in mind that calling this might cause the user to see the room jump. */
+	virtual void RoomSetupStarting() = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRChaperoneSetup_Version = "IVRChaperoneSetup_006";
+
+
+}
+
+// ivrcompositor.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+/** Errors that can occur with the VR compositor */
+enum EVRCompositorError
+{
+	VRCompositorError_None						= 0,
+	VRCompositorError_RequestFailed				= 1,
+	VRCompositorError_IncompatibleVersion		= 100,
+	VRCompositorError_DoNotHaveFocus			= 101,
+	VRCompositorError_InvalidTexture			= 102,
+	VRCompositorError_IsNotSceneApplication		= 103,
+	VRCompositorError_TextureIsOnWrongDevice	= 104,
+	VRCompositorError_TextureUsesUnsupportedFormat = 105,
+	VRCompositorError_SharedTexturesNotSupported = 106,
+	VRCompositorError_IndexOutOfRange			= 107,
+	VRCompositorError_AlreadySubmitted			= 108,
+	VRCompositorError_InvalidBounds				= 109,
+	VRCompositorError_AlreadySet				= 110,
+};
+
+/** Timing mode passed to SetExplicitTimingMode(); see that function for documentation */
+enum EVRCompositorTimingMode
+{
+	VRCompositorTimingMode_Implicit											= 0,
+	VRCompositorTimingMode_Explicit_RuntimePerformsPostPresentHandoff		= 1,
+	VRCompositorTimingMode_Explicit_ApplicationPerformsPostPresentHandoff	= 2,
+};
+
+/** Cumulative stats for current application.  These are not cleared until a new app connects,
+* but they do stop accumulating once the associated app disconnects. */
+struct Compositor_CumulativeStats
+{
+	uint32_t m_nPid; // Process id associated with these stats (may no longer be running).
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents; // total number of times we called present (includes reprojected frames)
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames; // total number of times an old frame was re-scanned out (without reprojection)
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFrames; // total number of times a frame was scanned out a second time (with reprojection)
+
+	/** Values recorded at startup before application has fully faded in the first time. */
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresentsOnStartup;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFramesOnStartup;
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFramesOnStartup;
+
+	/** Applications may explicitly fade to the compositor.  This is usually to handle level transitions, and loading often causes
+	* system wide hitches.  The following stats are collected during this period.  Does not include values recorded during startup. */
+	uint32_t m_nNumLoading;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresentsLoading;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFramesLoading;
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFramesLoading;
+
+	/** If we don't get a new frame from the app in less than 2.5 frames, then we assume the app has hung and start
+	* fading back to the compositor.  The following stats are a result of this, and are a subset of those recorded above.
+	* Does not include values recorded during start up or loading. */
+	uint32_t m_nNumTimedOut;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresentsTimedOut;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFramesTimedOut;
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFramesTimedOut;
+};
+
+struct Compositor_StageRenderSettings
+{
+	/** Primary color is applied as a tint to (i.e. multiplied with) the model's texture */
+	HmdColor_t m_PrimaryColor;
+	HmdColor_t m_SecondaryColor;
+
+	/** Vignette radius is in meters and is used to fade to the specified secondary solid color over
+	* that 3D distance from the origin of the playspace. */
+	float m_flVignetteInnerRadius;
+	float m_flVignetteOuterRadius;
+
+	/** Fades to the secondary color based on view incidence.  This variable controls the linearity
+	* of the effect.  It is mutually exclusive with vignette.  Additionally, it treats the mesh as faceted. */
+	float m_flFresnelStrength;
+
+	/** Controls backface culling. */
+	bool m_bBackfaceCulling;
+
+	/** Converts the render model's texture to luma and applies to rgb equally.  This is useful to
+	* combat compression artifacts that can occur on desaturated source material. */
+	bool m_bGreyscale;
+
+	/** Renders mesh as a wireframe. */
+	bool m_bWireframe;
+};
+
+static inline Compositor_StageRenderSettings DefaultStageRenderSettings()
+{
+	Compositor_StageRenderSettings settings;
+	settings.m_PrimaryColor.r = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_PrimaryColor.g = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_PrimaryColor.b = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_PrimaryColor.a = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_SecondaryColor.r = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_SecondaryColor.g = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_SecondaryColor.b = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_SecondaryColor.a = 1.0f;
+	settings.m_flVignetteInnerRadius = 0.0f;
+	settings.m_flVignetteOuterRadius = 0.0f;
+	settings.m_flFresnelStrength = 0.0f;
+	settings.m_bBackfaceCulling = false;
+	settings.m_bGreyscale = false;
+	settings.m_bWireframe = false;
+	return settings;
+}
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+/** Allows the application to interact with the compositor */
+class IVRCompositor
+{
+public:
+	/** Sets tracking space returned by WaitGetPoses */
+	virtual void SetTrackingSpace( ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin ) = 0;
+
+	/** Gets current tracking space returned by WaitGetPoses */
+	virtual ETrackingUniverseOrigin GetTrackingSpace() = 0;
+
+	/** Scene applications should call this function to get poses to render with (and optionally poses predicted an additional frame out to use for gameplay).
+	* This function will block until "running start" milliseconds before the start of the frame, and should be called at the last moment before needing to
+	* start rendering.
+	*
+	* Return codes:
+	*	- IsNotSceneApplication (make sure to call VR_Init with VRApplicaiton_Scene)
+	*	- DoNotHaveFocus (some other app has taken focus - this will throttle the call to 10hz to reduce the impact on that app)
+	*/
+	virtual EVRCompositorError WaitGetPoses( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unRenderPoseArrayCount ) TrackedDevicePose_t* pRenderPoseArray, uint32_t unRenderPoseArrayCount,
+		VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unGamePoseArrayCount ) TrackedDevicePose_t* pGamePoseArray, uint32_t unGamePoseArrayCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Get the last set of poses returned by WaitGetPoses. */
+	virtual EVRCompositorError GetLastPoses( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unRenderPoseArrayCount ) TrackedDevicePose_t* pRenderPoseArray, uint32_t unRenderPoseArrayCount,
+		VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unGamePoseArrayCount ) TrackedDevicePose_t* pGamePoseArray, uint32_t unGamePoseArrayCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Interface for accessing last set of poses returned by WaitGetPoses one at a time.
+	* Returns VRCompositorError_IndexOutOfRange if unDeviceIndex not less than k_unMaxTrackedDeviceCount otherwise VRCompositorError_None.
+	* It is okay to pass NULL for either pose if you only want one of the values. */
+	virtual EVRCompositorError GetLastPoseForTrackedDeviceIndex( TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, TrackedDevicePose_t *pOutputPose, TrackedDevicePose_t *pOutputGamePose ) = 0;
+
+	/** Updated scene texture to display. If pBounds is NULL the entire texture will be used.  If called from an OpenGL app, consider adding a glFlush after
+	* Submitting both frames to signal the driver to start processing, otherwise it may wait until the command buffer fills up, causing the app to miss frames.
+	*
+	* OpenGL dirty state:
+	*	glBindTexture
+	*
+	* Return codes:
+	*	- IsNotSceneApplication (make sure to call VR_Init with VRApplicaiton_Scene)
+	*	- DoNotHaveFocus (some other app has taken focus)
+	*	- TextureIsOnWrongDevice (application did not use proper AdapterIndex - see IVRSystem.GetDXGIOutputInfo)
+	*	- SharedTexturesNotSupported (application needs to call CreateDXGIFactory1 or later before creating DX device)
+	*	- TextureUsesUnsupportedFormat (scene textures must be compatible with DXGI sharing rules - e.g. uncompressed, no mips, etc.)
+	*	- InvalidTexture (usually means bad arguments passed in)
+	*	- AlreadySubmitted (app has submitted two left textures or two right textures in a single frame - i.e. before calling WaitGetPoses again)
+	*/
+	virtual EVRCompositorError Submit( EVREye eEye, const Texture_t *pTexture, const VRTextureBounds_t* pBounds = 0, EVRSubmitFlags nSubmitFlags = Submit_Default ) = 0;
+
+	/** Clears the frame that was sent with the last call to Submit. This will cause the
+	* compositor to show the grid until Submit is called again. */
+	virtual void ClearLastSubmittedFrame() = 0;
+
+	/** Call immediately after presenting your app's window (i.e. companion window) to unblock the compositor.
+	* This is an optional call, which only needs to be used if you can't instead call WaitGetPoses immediately after Present.
+	* For example, if your engine's render and game loop are not on separate threads, or blocking the render thread until 3ms before the next vsync would
+	* introduce a deadlock of some sort.  This function tells the compositor that you have finished all rendering after having Submitted buffers for both
+	* eyes, and it is free to start its rendering work.  This should only be called from the same thread you are rendering on. */
+	virtual void PostPresentHandoff() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if timing data is filled it.  Sets oldest timing info if nFramesAgo is larger than the stored history.
+	* Be sure to set timing.size = sizeof(Compositor_FrameTiming) on struct passed in before calling this function. */
+	virtual bool GetFrameTiming( Compositor_FrameTiming *pTiming, uint32_t unFramesAgo = 0 ) = 0;
+
+	/** Interface for copying a range of timing data.  Frames are returned in ascending order (oldest to newest) with the last being the most recent frame.
+	* Only the first entry's m_nSize needs to be set, as the rest will be inferred from that.  Returns total number of entries filled out. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetFrameTimings( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( nFrames ) Compositor_FrameTiming *pTiming, uint32_t nFrames ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the time in seconds left in the current (as identified by FrameTiming's frameIndex) frame.
+	* Due to "running start", this value may roll over to the next frame before ever reaching 0.0. */
+	virtual float GetFrameTimeRemaining() = 0;
+
+	/** Fills out stats accumulated for the last connected application.  Pass in sizeof( Compositor_CumulativeStats ) as second parameter. */
+	virtual void GetCumulativeStats( Compositor_CumulativeStats *pStats, uint32_t nStatsSizeInBytes ) = 0;
+
+	/** Fades the view on the HMD to the specified color. The fade will take fSeconds, and the color values are between
+	* 0.0 and 1.0. This color is faded on top of the scene based on the alpha parameter. Removing the fade color instantly
+	* would be FadeToColor( 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0 ).  Values are in un-premultiplied alpha space. */
+	virtual void FadeToColor( float fSeconds, float fRed, float fGreen, float fBlue, float fAlpha, bool bBackground = false ) = 0;
+
+	/** Get current fade color value. */
+	virtual HmdColor_t GetCurrentFadeColor( bool bBackground = false ) = 0;
+
+	/** Fading the Grid in or out in fSeconds */
+	virtual void FadeGrid( float fSeconds, bool bFadeGridIn ) = 0;
+
+	/** Get current alpha value of grid. */
+	virtual float GetCurrentGridAlpha() = 0;
+
+	/** Override the skybox used in the compositor (e.g. for during level loads when the app can't feed scene images fast enough)
+	* Order is Front, Back, Left, Right, Top, Bottom.  If only a single texture is passed, it is assumed in lat-long format.
+	* If two are passed, it is assumed a lat-long stereo pair. */
+	virtual EVRCompositorError SetSkyboxOverride( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unTextureCount ) const Texture_t *pTextures, uint32_t unTextureCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Resets compositor skybox back to defaults. */
+	virtual void ClearSkyboxOverride() = 0;
+
+	/** Brings the compositor window to the front. This is useful for covering any other window that may be on the HMD
+	* and is obscuring the compositor window. */
+	virtual void CompositorBringToFront() = 0;
+
+	/** Pushes the compositor window to the back. This is useful for allowing other applications to draw directly to the HMD. */
+	virtual void CompositorGoToBack() = 0;
+
+	/** DEPRECATED: Tells the compositor process to clean up and exit. You do not need to call this function at shutdown.
+	* Under normal circumstances the compositor will manage its own life cycle based on what applications are running. */
+	virtual void CompositorQuit() = 0;
+
+	/** Return whether the compositor is fullscreen */
+	virtual bool IsFullscreen() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the process ID of the process that is currently rendering the scene */
+	virtual uint32_t GetCurrentSceneFocusProcess() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the process ID of the process that rendered the last frame (or 0 if the compositor itself rendered the frame.)
+	* Returns 0 when fading out from an app and the app's process Id when fading into an app. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetLastFrameRenderer() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if the current process has the scene focus */
+	virtual bool CanRenderScene() = 0;
+
+	/** DEPRECATED: Opens the headset view (as either a window or docked widget depending on user's preferences) that displays what the user
+	* sees in the headset. */
+	virtual void ShowMirrorWindow() = 0;
+
+	/** DEPRECATED: Closes the headset view, either as a window or docked widget. */
+	virtual void HideMirrorWindow() = 0;
+
+	/** DEPRECATED: Returns true if the headset view (either as a window or docked widget) is shown. */
+	virtual bool IsMirrorWindowVisible() = 0;
+
+	/** Writes back buffer and stereo left/right pair from the application to a 'screenshots' folder in the SteamVR runtime root. */
+	virtual void CompositorDumpImages() = 0;
+
+	/** Let an app know it should be rendering with low resources. */
+	virtual bool ShouldAppRenderWithLowResources() = 0;
+
+	/** Override interleaved reprojection logic to force on. */
+	virtual void ForceInterleavedReprojectionOn( bool bOverride ) = 0;
+
+	/** Force reconnecting to the compositor process. */
+	virtual void ForceReconnectProcess() = 0;
+
+	/** Temporarily suspends rendering (useful for finer control over scene transitions). */
+	virtual void SuspendRendering( bool bSuspend ) = 0;
+
+	/** Opens a shared D3D11 texture with the undistorted composited image for each eye.  Use ReleaseMirrorTextureD3D11 when finished
+	* instead of calling Release on the resource itself. */
+	virtual vr::EVRCompositorError GetMirrorTextureD3D11( vr::EVREye eEye, void *pD3D11DeviceOrResource, void **ppD3D11ShaderResourceView ) = 0;
+	virtual void ReleaseMirrorTextureD3D11( void *pD3D11ShaderResourceView ) = 0;
+
+	/** Access to mirror textures from OpenGL. */
+	virtual vr::EVRCompositorError GetMirrorTextureGL( vr::EVREye eEye, vr::glUInt_t *pglTextureId, vr::glSharedTextureHandle_t *pglSharedTextureHandle ) = 0;
+	virtual bool ReleaseSharedGLTexture( vr::glUInt_t glTextureId, vr::glSharedTextureHandle_t glSharedTextureHandle ) = 0;
+	virtual void LockGLSharedTextureForAccess( vr::glSharedTextureHandle_t glSharedTextureHandle ) = 0;
+	virtual void UnlockGLSharedTextureForAccess( vr::glSharedTextureHandle_t glSharedTextureHandle ) = 0;
+
+	/** [Vulkan Only]
+	* return 0. Otherwise it returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing
+	* null.  The string will be a space separated list of-required instance extensions to enable in VkCreateInstance */
+	virtual uint32_t GetVulkanInstanceExtensionsRequired( VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	/** [Vulkan only]
+	* return 0. Otherwise it returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing
+	* null.  The string will be a space separated list of required device extensions to enable in VkCreateDevice */
+	virtual uint32_t GetVulkanDeviceExtensionsRequired( VkPhysicalDevice_T *pPhysicalDevice, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	/** [ Vulkan/D3D12 Only ]
+	* There are two purposes for SetExplicitTimingMode:
+	*	1. To get a more accurate GPU timestamp for when the frame begins in Vulkan/D3D12 applications.
+	*	2. (Optional) To avoid having WaitGetPoses access the Vulkan queue so that the queue can be accessed from
+	*	another thread while WaitGetPoses is executing.
+	*
+	* More accurate GPU timestamp for the start of the frame is achieved by the application calling
+	* SubmitExplicitTimingData immediately before its first submission to the Vulkan/D3D12 queue.
+	* This is more accurate because normally this GPU timestamp is recorded during WaitGetPoses.  In D3D11,
+	* WaitGetPoses queues a GPU timestamp write, but it does not actually get submitted to the GPU until the
+	* application flushes.  By using SubmitExplicitTimingData, the timestamp is recorded at the same place for
+	* Vulkan/D3D12 as it is for D3D11, resulting in a more accurate GPU time measurement for the frame.
+	*
+	* Avoiding WaitGetPoses accessing the Vulkan queue can be achieved using SetExplicitTimingMode as well.  If this is desired,
+	* the application should set the timing mode to Explicit_ApplicationPerformsPostPresentHandoff and *MUST* call PostPresentHandoff
+	* itself. If these conditions are met, then WaitGetPoses is guaranteed not to access the queue.  Note that PostPresentHandoff
+	* and SubmitExplicitTimingData will access the queue, so only WaitGetPoses becomes safe for accessing the queue from another
+	* thread. */
+	virtual void SetExplicitTimingMode( EVRCompositorTimingMode eTimingMode ) = 0;
+
+	/** [ Vulkan/D3D12 Only ]
+	* Submit explicit timing data.  When SetExplicitTimingMode is true, this must be called immediately before
+	* the application's first vkQueueSubmit (Vulkan) or ID3D12CommandQueue::ExecuteCommandLists (D3D12) of each frame.
+	* This function will insert a GPU timestamp write just before the application starts its rendering.  This function
+	* will perform a vkQueueSubmit on Vulkan so must not be done simultaneously with VkQueue operations on another thread.
+	* Returns VRCompositorError_RequestFailed if SetExplicitTimingMode is not enabled. */
+	virtual EVRCompositorError SubmitExplicitTimingData() = 0;
+
+	/** Indicates whether or not motion smoothing is enabled by the user settings.
+	* If you want to know if motion smoothing actually triggered due to a late frame, check Compositor_FrameTiming
+	* m_nReprojectionFlags & VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion instead. */
+	virtual bool IsMotionSmoothingEnabled() = 0;
+
+	/** Indicates whether or not motion smoothing is supported by the current hardware. */
+	virtual bool IsMotionSmoothingSupported() = 0;
+
+	/** Indicates whether or not the current scene focus app is currently loading.  This is inferred from its use of FadeGrid to
+	* explicitly fade to the compositor to cover up the fact that it cannot render at a sustained full framerate during this time. */
+	virtual bool IsCurrentSceneFocusAppLoading() = 0;
+
+	/** Override the stage model used in the compositor to replace the grid.  RenderModelPath is a full path the an OBJ file to load.
+	* This file will be loaded asynchronously from disk and uploaded to the gpu by the runtime.  Once ready for rendering, the
+	* VREvent StageOverrideReady will be sent.  Use FadeToGrid to reveal.  Call ClearStageOverride to free the associated resources when finished. */
+	virtual EVRCompositorError SetStageOverride_Async( const char *pchRenderModelPath, const HmdMatrix34_t *pTransform = 0,
+		const Compositor_StageRenderSettings *pRenderSettings = 0, uint32_t nSizeOfRenderSettings = 0 ) = 0;
+
+	/** Resets the stage to its default user specified setting. */
+	virtual void ClearStageOverride() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if pBenchmarkResults is filled it.  Sets pBenchmarkResults with the result of the compositor benchmark.
+	* nSizeOfBenchmarkResults should be set to sizeof(Compositor_BenchmarkResults) */
+	virtual bool GetCompositorBenchmarkResults( Compositor_BenchmarkResults *pBenchmarkResults, uint32_t nSizeOfBenchmarkResults ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the frame id associated with the poses last returned by WaitGetPoses.  Deltas between IDs correspond to number of headset vsync intervals. */
+	virtual EVRCompositorError GetLastPosePredictionIDs( uint32_t *pRenderPosePredictionID, uint32_t *pGamePosePredictionID ) = 0;
+
+	/** Get the most up-to-date predicted (or recorded - up to 100ms old) set of poses for a given frame id. */
+	virtual EVRCompositorError GetPosesForFrame( uint32_t unPosePredictionID, VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unPoseArrayCount ) TrackedDevicePose_t* pPoseArray, uint32_t unPoseArrayCount ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRCompositor_Version = "IVRCompositor_027";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+
+// ivrheadsetview.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	enum HeadsetViewMode_t
+	{
+		HeadsetViewMode_Left = 0,
+		HeadsetViewMode_Right,
+		HeadsetViewMode_Both
+	};
+
+	class IVRHeadsetView
+	{
+	public:
+		/** Sets the resolution in pixels to render the headset view. These values are clamped to k_unHeadsetViewMaxWidth
+		* and k_unHeadsetViewMaxHeight respectively. For cropped views, the rendered output will be fit to aspect ratio
+		* defined by the the specified dimensions. For uncropped views, the caller should use GetHeadsetViewAspectRation
+		* to adjust the requested render size to avoid squashing or stretching, and then apply letterboxing to compensate
+		* when displaying the results. */
+		virtual void SetHeadsetViewSize( uint32_t nWidth, uint32_t nHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the current resolution used to render the headset view. */
+		virtual void GetHeadsetViewSize( uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** Set the mode used to render the headset view. */
+		virtual void SetHeadsetViewMode( HeadsetViewMode_t eHeadsetViewMode ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the current mode used to render the headset view. */
+		virtual HeadsetViewMode_t GetHeadsetViewMode() = 0;
+
+		/** Set whether or not the headset view should be rendered cropped to hide the hidden area mesh or not. */
+		virtual void SetHeadsetViewCropped( bool bCropped ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the current cropping status of the headset view. */
+		virtual bool GetHeadsetViewCropped() = 0;
+
+		/** Get the aspect ratio (width:height) of the uncropped headset view (accounting for the current set mode). */
+		virtual float GetHeadsetViewAspectRatio() = 0;
+
+		/** Set the range [0..1] that the headset view blends across the stereo overlapped area in cropped both mode. */
+		virtual void SetHeadsetViewBlendRange( float flStartPct, float flEndPct ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the current range [0..1] that the headset view blends across the stereo overlapped area in cropped both mode. */
+		virtual void GetHeadsetViewBlendRange( float *pStartPct, float *pEndPct ) = 0;
+	};
+
+	static const uint32_t k_unHeadsetViewMaxWidth = 3840;
+	static const uint32_t k_unHeadsetViewMaxHeight = 2160;
+	static const char * const k_pchHeadsetViewOverlayKey = "system.HeadsetView";
+
+	static const char * const IVRHeadsetView_Version = "IVRHeadsetView_001";
+
+	/** Returns the current IVRHeadsetView pointer or NULL the interface could not be found. */
+	VR_INTERFACE vr::IVRHeadsetView *VR_CALLTYPE VRHeadsetView();
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+// ivrnotifications.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+// Used for passing graphic data
+struct NotificationBitmap_t
+{
+	NotificationBitmap_t()
+		: m_pImageData( nullptr )
+		, m_nWidth( 0 )
+		, m_nHeight( 0 )
+		, m_nBytesPerPixel( 0 )
+	{
+	}
+
+	void *m_pImageData;
+	int32_t m_nWidth;
+	int32_t m_nHeight;
+	int32_t m_nBytesPerPixel;
+};
+
+
+/** Be aware that the notification type is used as 'priority' to pick the next notification */
+enum EVRNotificationType
+{
+	/** Transient notifications are automatically hidden after a period of time set by the user.
+	* They are used for things like information and chat messages that do not require user interaction. */
+	EVRNotificationType_Transient = 0,
+
+	/** Persistent notifications are shown to the user until they are hidden by calling RemoveNotification().
+	* They are used for things like phone calls and alarms that require user interaction. */
+	EVRNotificationType_Persistent = 1,
+
+	/** System notifications are shown no matter what. It is expected, that the ulUserValue is used as ID.
+	 * If there is already a system notification in the queue with that ID it is not accepted into the queue
+	 * to prevent spamming with system notification */
+	EVRNotificationType_Transient_SystemWithUserValue = 2,
+};
+
+enum EVRNotificationStyle
+{
+	/** Creates a notification with minimal external styling. */
+	EVRNotificationStyle_None = 0,
+
+	/** Used for notifications about overlay-level status. In Steam this is used for events like downloads completing. */
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Application = 100,
+
+	/** Used for notifications about contacts that are unknown or not available. In Steam this is used for friend invitations and offline friends. */
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Contact_Disabled = 200,
+
+	/** Used for notifications about contacts that are available but inactive. In Steam this is used for friends that are online but not playing a game. */
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Contact_Enabled = 201,
+
+	/** Used for notifications about contacts that are available and active. In Steam this is used for friends that are online and currently running a game. */
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Contact_Active = 202,
+};
+
+static const uint32_t k_unNotificationTextMaxSize = 256;
+
+typedef uint32_t VRNotificationId;
+
+
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+/** Allows notification sources to interact with the VR system
+	This current interface is not yet implemented. Do not use yet. */
+class IVRNotifications
+{
+public:
+	/** Create a notification and enqueue it to be shown to the user.
+	* An overlay handle is required to create a notification, as otherwise it would be impossible for a user to act on it.
+	* To create a two-line notification, use a line break ('\n') to split the text into two lines.
+	* The pImage argument may be NULL, in which case the specified overlay's icon will be used instead. */
+	virtual EVRNotificationError CreateNotification( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint64_t ulUserValue, EVRNotificationType type, const char *pchText, EVRNotificationStyle style, const NotificationBitmap_t *pImage, /* out */ VRNotificationId *pNotificationId ) = 0;
+
+	/** Destroy a notification, hiding it first if it currently shown to the user. */
+	virtual EVRNotificationError RemoveNotification( VRNotificationId notificationId ) = 0;
+
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRNotifications_Version = "IVRNotifications_002";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+
+// ivroverlay.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+	/** The maximum length of an overlay key in bytes, counting the terminating null character. */
+	static const uint32_t k_unVROverlayMaxKeyLength = 128;
+
+	/** The maximum length of an overlay name in bytes, counting the terminating null character. */
+	static const uint32_t k_unVROverlayMaxNameLength = 128;
+
+	/** The maximum number of overlays that can exist in the system at one time. */
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxOverlayCount = 128;
+
+	/** The maximum number of overlay intersection mask primitives per overlay */
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxOverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitivesCount = 32;
+
+	/** Types of input supported by VR Overlays */
+	enum VROverlayInputMethod
+	{
+		VROverlayInputMethod_None		= 0, // No input events will be generated automatically for this overlay
+		VROverlayInputMethod_Mouse		= 1, // Tracked controllers will get mouse events automatically
+		// VROverlayInputMethod_DualAnalog = 2, // No longer supported
+	};
+
+	/** Allows the caller to figure out which overlay transform getter to call. */
+	enum VROverlayTransformType
+	{
+		VROverlayTransform_Invalid					= -1,
+		VROverlayTransform_Absolute					= 0,
+		VROverlayTransform_TrackedDeviceRelative	= 1,
+		VROverlayTransform_SystemOverlay			= 2,
+		VROverlayTransform_TrackedComponent 		= 3,
+		VROverlayTransform_Cursor					= 4,
+		VROverlayTransform_DashboardTab				= 5,
+		VROverlayTransform_DashboardThumb			= 6,
+		VROverlayTransform_Mountable				= 7,
+		VROverlayTransform_Projection				= 8,
+	};
+
+	/** Overlay control settings */
+	enum VROverlayFlags
+	{
+		// Set this flag on a dashboard overlay to prevent a tab from showing up for that overlay
+		VROverlayFlags_NoDashboardTab = 1 << 3,
+
+		// When this is set the overlay will receive VREvent_ScrollDiscrete events like a mouse wheel.
+		// Requires mouse input mode.
+		VROverlayFlags_SendVRDiscreteScrollEvents = 1 << 6,
+
+		// Indicates that the overlay would like to receive
+		VROverlayFlags_SendVRTouchpadEvents = 1 << 7,
+
+		// If set this will render a vertical scroll wheel on the primary controller,
+		//  only needed if not using VROverlayFlags_SendVRScrollEvents but you still want to represent a scroll wheel
+		VROverlayFlags_ShowTouchPadScrollWheel = 1 << 8,
+
+		// If this is set ownership and render access to the overlay are transferred
+		// to the new scene process on a call to IVRApplications::LaunchInternalProcess
+		VROverlayFlags_TransferOwnershipToInternalProcess = 1 << 9,
+
+		// If set, renders 50% of the texture in each eye, side by side
+		VROverlayFlags_SideBySide_Parallel = 1 << 10, // Texture is left/right
+		VROverlayFlags_SideBySide_Crossed = 1 << 11, // Texture is crossed and right/left
+
+		VROverlayFlags_Panorama = 1 << 12, // Texture is a panorama
+		VROverlayFlags_StereoPanorama = 1 << 13, // Texture is a stereo panorama
+
+		// If this is set on an overlay owned by the scene application that overlay
+		// will be sorted with the "Other" overlays on top of all other scene overlays
+		VROverlayFlags_SortWithNonSceneOverlays = 1 << 14,
+
+		// If set, the overlay will be shown in the dashboard, otherwise it will be hidden.
+		VROverlayFlags_VisibleInDashboard = 1 << 15,
+
+		// If this is set and the overlay's input method is not none, the system-wide laser mouse
+		// mode will be activated whenever this overlay is visible.
+		VROverlayFlags_MakeOverlaysInteractiveIfVisible = 1 << 16,
+
+		// If this is set the overlay will receive smooth VREvent_ScrollSmooth that emulate trackpad scrolling.
+		// Requires mouse input mode.
+		VROverlayFlags_SendVRSmoothScrollEvents = 1 << 17,
+
+		// If this is set, the overlay texture will be protected content, preventing unauthorized reads.
+		VROverlayFlags_ProtectedContent = 1 << 18,
+
+		// If this is set, the laser mouse splat will not be drawn over this overlay. The overlay will
+		// be responsible for drawing its own "cursor".
+		VROverlayFlags_HideLaserIntersection = 1 << 19,
+
+		// If this is set, clicking away from the overlay will cause it to receive a VREvent_Modal_Cancel event.
+		// This is ignored for dashboard overlays.
+		VROverlayFlags_WantsModalBehavior = 1 << 20,
+
+		// If this is set, alpha composition assumes the texture is pre-multiplied
+		VROverlayFlags_IsPremultiplied = 1 << 21,
+	};
+
+	enum VRMessageOverlayResponse
+	{
+		VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_0 = 0,
+		VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_1 = 1,
+		VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_2 = 2,
+		VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_3 = 3,
+		VRMessageOverlayResponse_CouldntFindSystemOverlay = 4,
+		VRMessageOverlayResponse_CouldntFindOrCreateClientOverlay= 5,
+		VRMessageOverlayResponse_ApplicationQuit = 6
+	};
+
+	struct VROverlayIntersectionParams_t
+	{
+		HmdVector3_t vSource;
+		HmdVector3_t vDirection;
+		ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin;
+	};
+
+	struct VROverlayIntersectionResults_t
+	{
+		HmdVector3_t vPoint;
+		HmdVector3_t vNormal;
+		HmdVector2_t vUVs;
+		float fDistance;
+	};
+
+	// Input modes for the Big Picture gamepad text entry
+	enum EGamepadTextInputMode
+	{
+		k_EGamepadTextInputModeNormal = 0,
+		k_EGamepadTextInputModePassword = 1,
+		k_EGamepadTextInputModeSubmit = 2,
+	};
+
+	// Controls number of allowed lines for the Big Picture gamepad text entry
+	enum EGamepadTextInputLineMode
+	{
+		k_EGamepadTextInputLineModeSingleLine = 0,
+		k_EGamepadTextInputLineModeMultipleLines = 1
+	};
+
+	enum EVROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitiveType
+	{
+		OverlayIntersectionPrimitiveType_Rectangle,
+		OverlayIntersectionPrimitiveType_Circle,
+	};
+
+	struct IntersectionMaskRectangle_t
+	{
+		float m_flTopLeftX;
+		float m_flTopLeftY;
+		float m_flWidth;
+		float m_flHeight;
+	};
+
+	struct IntersectionMaskCircle_t
+	{
+		float m_flCenterX;
+		float m_flCenterY;
+		float m_flRadius;
+	};
+
+	/** NOTE!!! If you change this you MUST manually update openvr_interop.cs.py and openvr_api_flat.h.py */
+	typedef union
+	{
+		IntersectionMaskRectangle_t m_Rectangle;
+		IntersectionMaskCircle_t m_Circle;
+	} VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_Data_t;
+
+	struct VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_t
+	{
+		EVROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitiveType m_nPrimitiveType;
+		VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_Data_t m_Primitive;
+	};
+
+	enum EKeyboardFlags
+	{
+		KeyboardFlag_Minimal		= 1 << 0, // makes the keyboard send key events immediately instead of accumulating a buffer
+		KeyboardFlag_Modal			= 2 << 0, // makes the keyboard take all focus and dismiss when clicking off the panel
+	};
+
+	/** Defines the project used in an overlay that is using SetOverlayTransformProjection */
+	struct VROverlayProjection_t
+	{
+		/** Tangent of the sides of the frustum */
+		float fLeft;
+		float fRight;
+		float fTop;
+		float fBottom;
+	};
+
+	class IVROverlay
+	{
+	public:
+
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+		// Overlay management methods
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+
+		/** Finds an existing overlay with the specified key. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError FindOverlay( const char *pchOverlayKey, VROverlayHandle_t * pOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Creates a new named overlay. All overlays start hidden and with default settings. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError CreateOverlay( const char *pchOverlayKey, const char *pchOverlayName, VROverlayHandle_t * pOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Destroys the specified overlay. When an application calls VR_Shutdown all overlays created by that app are
+		* automatically destroyed. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError DestroyOverlay( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Fills the provided buffer with the string key of the overlay. Returns the size of buffer required to store the key, including
+		* the terminating null character. k_unVROverlayMaxKeyLength will be enough bytes to fit the string. */
+		virtual uint32_t GetOverlayKey( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, EVROverlayError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+		/** Fills the provided buffer with the friendly name of the overlay. Returns the size of buffer required to store the key, including
+		* the terminating null character. k_unVROverlayMaxNameLength will be enough bytes to fit the string. */
+		virtual uint32_t GetOverlayName( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, EVROverlayError *pError = 0L ) = 0;
+
+		/** set the name to use for this overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayName( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const char *pchName ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the raw image data from an overlay. Overlay image data is always returned as RGBA data, 4 bytes per pixel. If the buffer is not large enough, width and height
+		* will be set and VROverlayError_ArrayTooSmall is returned. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayImageData( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void *pvBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, uint32_t *punWidth, uint32_t *punHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** returns a string that corresponds with the specified overlay error. The string will be the name
+		* of the error enum value for all valid error codes */
+		virtual const char *GetOverlayErrorNameFromEnum( EVROverlayError error ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+		// Overlay rendering methods
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+
+		/** Sets the pid that is allowed to render to this overlay (the creator pid is always allow to render),
+		*	by default this is the pid of the process that made the overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayRenderingPid( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t unPID ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the pid that is allowed to render to this overlay */
+		virtual uint32_t GetOverlayRenderingPid( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Specify flag setting for a given overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayFlag( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayFlags eOverlayFlag, bool bEnabled ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets flag setting for a given overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayFlag( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayFlags eOverlayFlag, bool *pbEnabled ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets all the flags for a given overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayFlags( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t *pFlags ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the color tint of the overlay quad. Use 0.0 to 1.0 per channel. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayColor( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fRed, float fGreen, float fBlue ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the color tint of the overlay quad. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayColor( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float *pfRed, float *pfGreen, float *pfBlue ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the alpha of the overlay quad. Use 1.0 for 100 percent opacity to 0.0 for 0 percent opacity. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayAlpha( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fAlpha ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the alpha of the overlay quad. By default overlays are rendering at 100 percent alpha (1.0). */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayAlpha( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float *pfAlpha ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the aspect ratio of the texels in the overlay. 1.0 means the texels are square. 2.0 means the texels
+		* are twice as wide as they are tall. Defaults to 1.0. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTexelAspect( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fTexelAspect ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the aspect ratio of the texels in the overlay. Defaults to 1.0 */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTexelAspect( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float *pfTexelAspect ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the rendering sort order for the overlay. Overlays are rendered this order:
+		*      Overlays owned by the scene application
+		*      Overlays owned by some other application
+		*
+		*	Within a category overlays are rendered lowest sort order to highest sort order. Overlays with the same
+		*	sort order are rendered back to front base on distance from the HMD.
+		*
+		*	Sort order defaults to 0. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlaySortOrder( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t unSortOrder ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the sort order of the overlay. See SetOverlaySortOrder for how this works. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlaySortOrder( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t *punSortOrder ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the width of the overlay quad in meters. By default overlays are rendered on a quad that is 1 meter across */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayWidthInMeters( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fWidthInMeters ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the width of the overlay quad in meters. By default overlays are rendered on a quad that is 1 meter across */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayWidthInMeters( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float *pfWidthInMeters ) = 0;
+
+		/** Use to draw overlay as a curved surface. Curvature is a percentage from (0..1] where 1 is a fully closed cylinder.
+		* For a specific radius, curvature can be computed as: overlay.width / (2 PI r). */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayCurvature( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fCurvature ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the curvature of the overlay as a percentage from (0..1] where 1 is a fully closed cylinder. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayCurvature( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float *pfCurvature ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the colorspace the overlay texture's data is in.  Defaults to 'auto'.
+		* If the texture needs to be resolved, you should call SetOverlayTexture with the appropriate colorspace instead. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTextureColorSpace( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, EColorSpace eTextureColorSpace ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the overlay's current colorspace setting. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTextureColorSpace( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, EColorSpace *peTextureColorSpace ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the part of the texture to use for the overlay. UV Min is the upper left corner and UV Max is the lower right corner. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTextureBounds( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const VRTextureBounds_t *pOverlayTextureBounds ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the part of the texture to use for the overlay. UV Min is the upper left corner and UV Max is the lower right corner. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTextureBounds( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VRTextureBounds_t *pOverlayTextureBounds ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the transform type of this overlay. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTransformType( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayTransformType *peTransformType ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the transform to absolute tracking origin. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTransformAbsolute( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, const HmdMatrix34_t *pmatTrackingOriginToOverlayTransform ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the transform if it is absolute. Returns an error if the transform is some other type. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTransformAbsolute( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin *peTrackingOrigin, HmdMatrix34_t *pmatTrackingOriginToOverlayTransform ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the transform to relative to the transform of the specified tracked device. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceRelative( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t unTrackedDevice, const HmdMatrix34_t *pmatTrackedDeviceToOverlayTransform ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the transform if it is relative to a tracked device. Returns an error if the transform is some other type. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceRelative( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t *punTrackedDevice, HmdMatrix34_t *pmatTrackedDeviceToOverlayTransform ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the transform to draw the overlay on a rendermodel component mesh instead of a quad. This will only draw when the system is
+		* drawing the device. Overlays with this transform type cannot receive mouse events. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceComponent( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, const char *pchComponentName ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the transform information when the overlay is rendering on a component. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceComponent( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t *punDeviceIndex, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchComponentName, uint32_t unComponentNameSize ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the transform if it is relative to another overlay. Returns an error if the transform is some other type. */
+		virtual vr::EVROverlayError GetOverlayTransformOverlayRelative( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayHandle_t *ulOverlayHandleParent, HmdMatrix34_t *pmatParentOverlayToOverlayTransform ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the transform to relative to the transform of the specified overlay. This overlays visibility will also track the parents visibility */
+		virtual vr::EVROverlayError SetOverlayTransformOverlayRelative( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandleParent, const HmdMatrix34_t *pmatParentOverlayToOverlayTransform ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the hotspot for the specified overlay when that overlay is used as a cursor. These are in texture space with 0,0 in the upper left corner of
+		* the texture and 1,1 in the lower right corner of the texture. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTransformCursor( VROverlayHandle_t ulCursorOverlayHandle, const HmdVector2_t *pvHotspot ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets cursor hotspot/transform for the specified overlay */
+		virtual vr::EVROverlayError GetOverlayTransformCursor( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, HmdVector2_t *pvHotspot ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the overlay as a projection overlay */
+		virtual vr::EVROverlayError SetOverlayTransformProjection( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle,
+			ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, const HmdMatrix34_t* pmatTrackingOriginToOverlayTransform,
+			const VROverlayProjection_t *pProjection, vr::EVREye eEye ) = 0;
+
+		/** Shows the VR overlay.  For dashboard overlays, only the Dashboard Manager is allowed to call this. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError ShowOverlay( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Hides the VR overlay.  For dashboard overlays, only the Dashboard Manager is allowed to call this. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError HideOverlay( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns true if the overlay is visible. */
+		virtual bool IsOverlayVisible( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the transform in 3d space associated with a specific 2d point in the overlay's coordinate space (where 0,0 is the lower left). -Z points out of the overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetTransformForOverlayCoordinates( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, HmdVector2_t coordinatesInOverlay, HmdMatrix34_t *pmatTransform ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+		// Overlay input methods
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+
+		/** Returns true and fills the event with the next event on the overlay's event queue, if there is one.
+		* If there are no events this method returns false. uncbVREvent should be the size in bytes of the VREvent_t struct */
+		virtual bool PollNextOverlayEvent( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VREvent_t *pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the current input settings for the specified overlay. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayInputMethod( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayInputMethod *peInputMethod ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the input settings for the specified overlay. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayInputMethod( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayInputMethod eInputMethod ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the mouse scaling factor that is used for mouse events. The actual texture may be a different size, but this is
+		* typically the size of the underlying UI in pixels. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayMouseScale( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, HmdVector2_t *pvecMouseScale ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the mouse scaling factor that is used for mouse events. The actual texture may be a different size, but this is
+		* typically the size of the underlying UI in pixels (not in world space). */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayMouseScale( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const HmdVector2_t *pvecMouseScale ) = 0;
+
+		/** Computes the overlay-space pixel coordinates of where the ray intersects the overlay with the
+		* specified settings. Returns false if there is no intersection. */
+		virtual bool ComputeOverlayIntersection( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const VROverlayIntersectionParams_t *pParams, VROverlayIntersectionResults_t *pResults ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns true if the specified overlay is the hover target. An overlay is the hover target when it is the last overlay "moused over"
+		* by the virtual mouse pointer */
+		virtual bool IsHoverTargetOverlay( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets a list of primitives to be used for controller ray intersection
+		* typically the size of the underlying UI in pixels (not in world space). */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayIntersectionMask( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_t *pMaskPrimitives, uint32_t unNumMaskPrimitives, uint32_t unPrimitiveSize = sizeof( VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_t ) ) = 0;
+
+		/** Triggers a haptic event on the laser mouse controller for the specified overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError TriggerLaserMouseHapticVibration( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fDurationSeconds, float fFrequency, float fAmplitude ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the cursor to use for the specified overlay. This will be drawn instead of the generic blob when the laser mouse is pointed at the specified overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayCursor( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayHandle_t ulCursorHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the override cursor position to use for this overlay in overlay mouse coordinates. This position will be used to draw the cursor
+		* instead of whatever the laser mouse cursor position is. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayCursorPositionOverride( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const HmdVector2_t *pvCursor ) = 0;
+
+		/** Clears the override cursor position for this overlay */
+		virtual EVROverlayError ClearOverlayCursorPositionOverride( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+		// Overlay texture methods
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+
+		/** Texture to draw for the overlay. This function can only be called by the overlay's creator or renderer process (see SetOverlayRenderingPid) .
+		*
+		* OpenGL dirty state:
+		*	glBindTexture
+		*/
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayTexture( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const Texture_t *pTexture ) = 0;
+
+		/** Use this to tell the overlay system to release the texture set for this overlay. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError ClearOverlayTexture( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Separate interface for providing the data as a stream of bytes, but there is an upper bound on data
+		* that can be sent. This function can only be called by the overlay's renderer process. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayRaw( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void *pvBuffer, uint32_t unWidth, uint32_t unHeight, uint32_t unBytesPerPixel ) = 0;
+
+		/** Separate interface for providing the image through a filename: can be png or jpg, and should not be bigger than 1920x1080.
+		* This function can only be called by the overlay's renderer process */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetOverlayFromFile( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const char *pchFilePath ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the native texture handle/device for an overlay you have created.
+		* On windows this handle will be a ID3D11ShaderResourceView with a ID3D11Texture2D bound.
+		*
+		* The texture will always be sized to match the backing texture you supplied in SetOverlayTexture above.
+		*
+		* You MUST call ReleaseNativeOverlayHandle() with pNativeTextureHandle once you are done with this texture.
+		*
+		* pNativeTextureHandle is an OUTPUT, it will be a pointer to a ID3D11ShaderResourceView *.
+		* pNativeTextureRef is an INPUT and should be a ID3D11Resource *. The device used by pNativeTextureRef will be used to bind pNativeTextureHandle.
+		*/
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTexture( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void **pNativeTextureHandle, void *pNativeTextureRef, uint32_t *pWidth, uint32_t *pHeight, uint32_t *pNativeFormat, ETextureType *pAPIType, EColorSpace *pColorSpace, VRTextureBounds_t *pTextureBounds ) = 0;
+
+		/** Release the pNativeTextureHandle provided from the GetOverlayTexture call, this allows the system to free the underlying GPU resources for this object,
+		* so only do it once you stop rendering this texture.
+		*/
+		virtual EVROverlayError ReleaseNativeOverlayHandle( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void *pNativeTextureHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the size of the overlay texture */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetOverlayTextureSize( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t *pWidth, uint32_t *pHeight ) = 0;
+
+		// ----------------------------------------------
+		// Dashboard Overlay Methods
+		// ----------------------------------------------
+
+		/** Creates a dashboard overlay and returns its handle */
+		virtual EVROverlayError CreateDashboardOverlay( const char *pchOverlayKey, const char *pchOverlayFriendlyName, VROverlayHandle_t * pMainHandle, VROverlayHandle_t *pThumbnailHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns true if the dashboard is visible */
+		virtual bool IsDashboardVisible() = 0;
+
+		/** returns true if the dashboard is visible and the specified overlay is the active system Overlay */
+		virtual bool IsActiveDashboardOverlay( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the dashboard overlay to only appear when the specified process ID has scene focus */
+		virtual EVROverlayError SetDashboardOverlaySceneProcess( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t unProcessId ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the process ID that this dashboard overlay requires to have scene focus */
+		virtual EVROverlayError GetDashboardOverlaySceneProcess( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t *punProcessId ) = 0;
+
+		/** Shows the dashboard. */
+		virtual void ShowDashboard( const char *pchOverlayToShow ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the tracked device that has the laser pointer in the dashboard */
+		virtual vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t GetPrimaryDashboardDevice() = 0;
+
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+		// Keyboard methods
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+
+		/** Show the virtual keyboard to accept input. In most cases, you should pass KeyboardFlag_Modal to enable modal overlay
+		* behavior on the keyboard itself. See EKeyboardFlags for more. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError ShowKeyboard( EGamepadTextInputMode eInputMode, EGamepadTextInputLineMode eLineInputMode, uint32_t unFlags,
+			const char *pchDescription, uint32_t unCharMax, const char *pchExistingText, uint64_t uUserValue ) = 0;
+
+		/** Show the virtual keyboard to accept input for an overlay. In most cases, you should pass KeyboardFlag_Modal to enable modal
+		* overlay behavior on the keyboard itself. See EKeyboardFlags for more. */
+		virtual EVROverlayError ShowKeyboardForOverlay( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, EGamepadTextInputMode eInputMode,
+			EGamepadTextInputLineMode eLineInputMode, uint32_t unFlags, const char *pchDescription, uint32_t unCharMax,
+			const char *pchExistingText, uint64_t uUserValue ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the text that was entered into the text input **/
+		virtual uint32_t GetKeyboardText( VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchText, uint32_t cchText ) = 0;
+
+		/** Hide the virtual keyboard **/
+		virtual void HideKeyboard() = 0;
+
+		/** Set the position of the keyboard in world space **/
+		virtual void SetKeyboardTransformAbsolute( ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, const HmdMatrix34_t *pmatTrackingOriginToKeyboardTransform ) = 0;
+
+		/** Set the position of the keyboard in overlay space by telling it to avoid a rectangle in the overlay. Rectangle coords have (0,0) in the bottom left **/
+		virtual void SetKeyboardPositionForOverlay( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, HmdRect2_t avoidRect ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+		// Message box methods
+		// ---------------------------------------------
+
+		/** Show the message overlay. This will block and return you a result. **/
+		virtual VRMessageOverlayResponse ShowMessageOverlay( const char* pchText, const char* pchCaption, const char* pchButton0Text, const char* pchButton1Text = nullptr, const char* pchButton2Text = nullptr, const char* pchButton3Text = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		/** If the calling process owns the overlay and it's open, this will close it. **/
+		virtual void CloseMessageOverlay() = 0;
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVROverlay_Version = "IVROverlay_025";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+// ivroverlayview.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	struct VROverlayView_t
+	{
+		VROverlayHandle_t overlayHandle;
+		Texture_t texture;
+		VRTextureBounds_t textureBounds;
+	};
+
+	enum EDeviceType
+	{
+		DeviceType_Invalid           = -1, // Invalid handle
+		DeviceType_DirectX11         = 0, // Handle is an ID3D11Device
+		DeviceType_Vulkan            = 1, // Handle is a pointer to a VRVulkanDevice_t structure
+	};
+
+	struct VRVulkanDevice_t
+	{
+		VkInstance_T *m_pInstance;
+		VkDevice_T *m_pDevice;
+		VkPhysicalDevice_T *m_pPhysicalDevice;
+		VkQueue_T *m_pQueue;
+		uint32_t m_uQueueFamilyIndex;
+	};
+
+	struct VRNativeDevice_t
+	{
+		void *handle; // See EDeviceType definition above
+		EDeviceType eType;
+	};
+
+	class IVROverlayView
+	{
+	public:
+		/** Acquire an OverlayView_t from an overlay handle
+		*
+		* The overlay view can be used to sample the contents directly by a native API. The
+		* contents of the OverlayView_t will remain unchanged through the lifetime of the
+		* OverlayView_t.
+		*
+		* The caller acquires read privileges over the OverlayView_t, but should not
+		* write to it.
+		*
+		* AcquireOverlayView() may be called on the same ulOverlayHandle multiple times to
+		* refresh the image contents. In this case the caller is strongly encouraged to re-use
+		* the same pOverlayView for all re-acquisition calls.
+		*
+		* If the producer has not yet queued an image, AcquireOverlayView will return success,
+		* and the Texture_t will have the expected ETextureType. However, the Texture_t->handle
+		* will be nullptr. Once the producer generates the first overlay frame, Texture_t->handle
+		* will become a valid handle.
+		*/
+		virtual EVROverlayError AcquireOverlayView(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VRNativeDevice_t *pNativeDevice, VROverlayView_t *pOverlayView, uint32_t unOverlayViewSize ) = 0;
+
+		/** Release an acquired OverlayView_t
+		*
+		* Denotes that pOverlayView will no longer require access to the resources it acquired in
+		* all previous calls to AcquireOverlayView().
+		*
+		* All OverlayView_t*'s provided to AcquireOverlayView() as pOverlayViews must be
+		* passed into ReleaseOverlayView() in order for the underlying GPU resources to be freed.
+		*/
+		virtual EVROverlayError ReleaseOverlayView(VROverlayView_t *pOverlayView) = 0;
+
+		/** Posts an overlay event */
+		virtual void PostOverlayEvent(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, const VREvent_t *pvrEvent) = 0;
+
+		/** Determines whether this process is permitted to view an overlay's content. */
+		virtual bool IsViewingPermitted( VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVROverlayView_Version = "IVROverlayView_003";
+
+}
+
+// ivrrendermodels.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+static const char * const k_pch_Controller_Component_GDC2015 = "gdc2015";   // Canonical coordinate system of the gdc 2015 wired controller, provided for backwards compatibility
+static const char * const k_pch_Controller_Component_Base = "base";         // For controllers with an unambiguous 'base'.
+static const char * const k_pch_Controller_Component_Tip = "tip";           // For controllers with an unambiguous 'tip' (used for 'laser-pointing')
+static const char * const k_pch_Controller_Component_HandGrip = "handgrip"; // Neutral, ambidextrous hand-pose when holding controller. On plane between neutrally posed index finger and thumb
+static const char * const k_pch_Controller_Component_Status = "status";		// 1:1 aspect ratio status area, with canonical [0,1] uv mapping
+
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+/** Errors that can occur with the VR compositor */
+enum EVRRenderModelError
+{
+	VRRenderModelError_None = 0,
+	VRRenderModelError_Loading = 100,
+	VRRenderModelError_NotSupported = 200,
+	VRRenderModelError_InvalidArg = 300,
+	VRRenderModelError_InvalidModel = 301,
+	VRRenderModelError_NoShapes = 302,
+	VRRenderModelError_MultipleShapes = 303,
+	VRRenderModelError_TooManyVertices = 304,
+	VRRenderModelError_MultipleTextures = 305,
+	VRRenderModelError_BufferTooSmall = 306,
+	VRRenderModelError_NotEnoughNormals = 307,
+	VRRenderModelError_NotEnoughTexCoords = 308,
+
+	VRRenderModelError_InvalidTexture = 400,
+};
+
+enum EVRRenderModelTextureFormat
+{
+	VRRenderModelTextureFormat_RGBA8_SRGB = 0, // RGBA with 8 bits per channel per pixel. Data size is width * height * 4ub
+	VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC2,
+	VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC4,
+	VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC7,
+	VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC7_SRGB
+};
+
+/** A single vertex in a render model */
+struct RenderModel_Vertex_t
+{
+	HmdVector3_t vPosition;		// position in meters in device space
+	HmdVector3_t vNormal;
+	float rfTextureCoord[2];
+};
+
+/** A texture map for use on a render model */
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+// This structure was originally defined mis-packed on Linux, preserved for
+// compatibility.
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+
+struct RenderModel_TextureMap_t
+{
+	uint16_t unWidth, unHeight; // width and height of the texture map in pixels
+	const uint8_t *rubTextureMapData;	// Map texture data.
+	EVRRenderModelTextureFormat format; // Refer to EVRRenderModelTextureFormat
+};
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+
+/**  Session unique texture identifier. Rendermodels which share the same texture will have the same id.
+IDs <0 denote the texture is not present */
+
+typedef int32_t TextureID_t;
+
+const TextureID_t INVALID_TEXTURE_ID = -1;
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+// This structure was originally defined mis-packed on Linux, preserved for
+// compatibility.
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+
+struct RenderModel_t
+{
+	const RenderModel_Vertex_t *rVertexData;	// Vertex data for the mesh
+	uint32_t unVertexCount;						// Number of vertices in the vertex data
+	const uint16_t *rIndexData;					// Indices into the vertex data for each triangle
+	uint32_t unTriangleCount;					// Number of triangles in the mesh. Index count is 3 * TriangleCount
+	TextureID_t diffuseTextureId;				// Session unique texture identifier. Rendermodels which share the same texture will have the same id. <0 == texture not present
+};
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+
+
+struct RenderModel_ControllerMode_State_t
+{
+	bool bScrollWheelVisible; // is this controller currently set to be in a scroll wheel mode
+};
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+class IVRRenderModels
+{
+public:
+
+	/** Loads and returns a render model for use in the application. pchRenderModelName should be a render model name
+	* from the Prop_RenderModelName_String property or an absolute path name to a render model on disk.
+	*
+	* The resulting render model is valid until VR_Shutdown() is called or until FreeRenderModel() is called. When the
+	* application is finished with the render model it should call FreeRenderModel() to free the memory associated
+	* with the model.
+	*
+	* The method returns VRRenderModelError_Loading while the render model is still being loaded.
+	* The method returns VRRenderModelError_None once loaded successfully, otherwise will return an error. */
+	virtual EVRRenderModelError LoadRenderModel_Async( const char *pchRenderModelName, RenderModel_t **ppRenderModel ) = 0;
+
+	/** Frees a previously returned render model
+	*   It is safe to call this on a null ptr. */
+	virtual void FreeRenderModel( RenderModel_t *pRenderModel ) = 0;
+
+	/** Loads and returns a texture for use in the application. */
+	virtual EVRRenderModelError LoadTexture_Async( TextureID_t textureId, RenderModel_TextureMap_t **ppTexture ) = 0;
+
+	/** Frees a previously returned texture
+	*   It is safe to call this on a null ptr. */
+	virtual void FreeTexture( RenderModel_TextureMap_t *pTexture ) = 0;
+
+	/** Creates a D3D11 texture and loads data into it. */
+	virtual EVRRenderModelError LoadTextureD3D11_Async( TextureID_t textureId, void *pD3D11Device, void **ppD3D11Texture2D ) = 0;
+
+	/** Helper function to copy the bits into an existing texture. */
+	virtual EVRRenderModelError LoadIntoTextureD3D11_Async( TextureID_t textureId, void *pDstTexture ) = 0;
+
+	/** Use this to free textures created with LoadTextureD3D11_Async instead of calling Release on them. */
+	virtual void FreeTextureD3D11( void *pD3D11Texture2D ) = 0;
+
+	/** Use this to get the names of available render models.  Index does not correlate to a tracked device index, but
+	* is only used for iterating over all available render models.  If the index is out of range, this function will return 0.
+	* Otherwise, it will return the size of the buffer required for the name. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetRenderModelName( uint32_t unRenderModelIndex, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchRenderModelName, uint32_t unRenderModelNameLen ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the number of available render models. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetRenderModelCount() = 0;
+
+
+	/** Returns the number of components of the specified render model.
+	*  Components are useful when client application wish to draw, label, or otherwise interact with components of tracked objects.
+	*  Examples controller components:
+	*   renderable things such as triggers, buttons
+	*   non-renderable things which include coordinate systems such as 'tip', 'base', a neutral controller agnostic hand-pose
+	*   If all controller components are enumerated and rendered, it will be equivalent to drawing the traditional render model
+	*   Returns 0 if components not supported, >0 otherwise */
+	virtual uint32_t GetComponentCount( const char *pchRenderModelName ) = 0;
+
+	/** Use this to get the names of available components.  Index does not correlate to a tracked device index, but
+	* is only used for iterating over all available components.  If the index is out of range, this function will return 0.
+	* Otherwise, it will return the size of the buffer required for the name. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetComponentName( const char *pchRenderModelName, uint32_t unComponentIndex, VR_OUT_STRING( ) char *pchComponentName, uint32_t unComponentNameLen ) = 0;
+
+	/** Get the button mask for all buttons associated with this component
+	*   If no buttons (or axes) are associated with this component, return 0
+	*   Note: multiple components may be associated with the same button. Ex: two grip buttons on a single controller.
+	*   Note: A single component may be associated with multiple buttons. Ex: A trackpad which also provides "D-pad" functionality */
+	virtual uint64_t GetComponentButtonMask( const char *pchRenderModelName, const char *pchComponentName ) = 0;
+
+	/** Use this to get the render model name for the specified rendermode/component combination, to be passed to LoadRenderModel.
+	* If the component name is out of range, this function will return 0.
+	* Otherwise, it will return the size of the buffer required for the name. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetComponentRenderModelName( const char *pchRenderModelName, const char *pchComponentName, VR_OUT_STRING( ) char *pchComponentRenderModelName, uint32_t unComponentRenderModelNameLen ) = 0;
+
+	/** Use this to query information about the component, as a function of the controller state.
+	*
+	* For dynamic controller components (ex: trigger) values will reflect component motions
+	* For static components this will return a consistent value independent of the VRControllerState_t
+	*
+	* If the pchRenderModelName or pchComponentName is invalid, this will return false (and transforms will be set to identity).
+	* Otherwise, return true
+	* Note: For dynamic objects, visibility may be dynamic. (I.e., true/false will be returned based on controller state and controller mode state ) */
+	virtual bool GetComponentStateForDevicePath( const char *pchRenderModelName, const char *pchComponentName, vr::VRInputValueHandle_t devicePath, const vr::RenderModel_ControllerMode_State_t *pState, vr::RenderModel_ComponentState_t *pComponentState ) = 0;
+
+	/** This version of GetComponentState takes a controller state block instead of an action origin. This function is deprecated. You should use the new input system and GetComponentStateForDevicePath instead. */
+	virtual bool GetComponentState( const char *pchRenderModelName, const char *pchComponentName, const vr::VRControllerState_t *pControllerState, const RenderModel_ControllerMode_State_t *pState, RenderModel_ComponentState_t *pComponentState ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if the render model has a component with the specified name */
+	virtual bool RenderModelHasComponent( const char *pchRenderModelName, const char *pchComponentName ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the URL of the thumbnail image for this rendermodel */
+	virtual uint32_t GetRenderModelThumbnailURL( const char *pchRenderModelName, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchThumbnailURL, uint32_t unThumbnailURLLen, vr::EVRRenderModelError *peError ) = 0;
+
+	/** Provides a render model path that will load the unskinned model if the model name provided has been replace by the user. If the model
+	* hasn't been replaced the path value will still be a valid path to load the model. Pass this to LoadRenderModel_Async, etc. to load the
+	* model. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetRenderModelOriginalPath( const char *pchRenderModelName, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchOriginalPath, uint32_t unOriginalPathLen, vr::EVRRenderModelError *peError ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns a string for a render model error */
+	virtual const char *GetRenderModelErrorNameFromEnum( vr::EVRRenderModelError error ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRRenderModels_Version = "IVRRenderModels_006";
+
+}
+
+
+// ivrextendeddisplay.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+	/** NOTE: Use of this interface is not recommended in production applications. It will not work for displays which use
+	* direct-to-display mode. Creating our own window is also incompatible with the VR compositor and is not available when the compositor is running. */
+	class IVRExtendedDisplay
+	{
+	public:
+
+		/** Size and position that the window needs to be on the VR display. */
+		virtual void GetWindowBounds( int32_t *pnX, int32_t *pnY, uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the viewport in the frame buffer to draw the output of the distortion into */
+		virtual void GetEyeOutputViewport( EVREye eEye, uint32_t *pnX, uint32_t *pnY, uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** [D3D10/11 Only]
+		* Returns the adapter index and output index that the user should pass into EnumAdapters and EnumOutputs
+		* to create the device and swap chain in DX10 and DX11. If an error occurs both indices will be set to -1.
+		*/
+		virtual void GetDXGIOutputInfo( int32_t *pnAdapterIndex, int32_t *pnAdapterOutputIndex ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVRExtendedDisplay_Version = "IVRExtendedDisplay_001";
+
+}
+
+
+// ivrtrackedcamera.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRTrackedCamera
+{
+public:
+	/** Returns a string for an error */
+	virtual const char *GetCameraErrorNameFromEnum( vr::EVRTrackedCameraError eCameraError ) = 0;
+
+	/** For convenience, same as tracked property request Prop_HasCamera_Bool */
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError HasCamera( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, bool *pHasCamera ) = 0;
+
+	/** Gets size of the image frame. */
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError GetCameraFrameSize( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight, uint32_t *pnFrameBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError GetCameraIntrinsics( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, uint32_t nCameraIndex, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, vr::HmdVector2_t *pFocalLength, vr::HmdVector2_t *pCenter ) = 0;
+
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError GetCameraProjection( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, uint32_t nCameraIndex, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, float flZNear, float flZFar, vr::HmdMatrix44_t *pProjection ) = 0;
+
+	/** Acquiring streaming service permits video streaming for the caller. Releasing hints the system that video services do not need to be maintained for this client.
+	* If the camera has not already been activated, a one time spin up may incur some auto exposure as well as initial streaming frame delays.
+	* The camera should be considered a global resource accessible for shared consumption but not exclusive to any caller.
+	* The camera may go inactive due to lack of active consumers or headset idleness. */
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError AcquireVideoStreamingService( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t *pHandle ) = 0;
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError ReleaseVideoStreamingService( vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera ) = 0;
+
+	/** Copies the image frame into a caller's provided buffer. The image data is currently provided as RGBA data, 4 bytes per pixel.
+	* A caller can provide null for the framebuffer or frameheader if not desired. Requesting the frame header first, followed by the frame buffer allows
+	* the caller to determine if the frame as advanced per the frame header sequence.
+	* If there is no frame available yet, due to initial camera spinup or re-activation, the error will be VRTrackedCameraError_NoFrameAvailable.
+	* Ideally a caller should be polling at ~16ms intervals */
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError GetVideoStreamFrameBuffer( vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, void *pFrameBuffer, uint32_t nFrameBufferSize, vr::CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t *pFrameHeader, uint32_t nFrameHeaderSize ) = 0;
+
+	/** Gets size of the image frame. */
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError GetVideoStreamTextureSize( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, vr::VRTextureBounds_t *pTextureBounds, uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+	/** Access a shared D3D11 texture for the specified tracked camera stream.
+	* The camera frame type VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Undistorted is not supported directly as a shared texture. It is an interior subregion of the shared texture VRTrackedCameraFrameType_MaximumUndistorted.
+	* Instead, use GetVideoStreamTextureSize() with VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Undistorted to determine the proper interior subregion bounds along with GetVideoStreamTextureD3D11() with
+	* VRTrackedCameraFrameType_MaximumUndistorted to provide the texture. The VRTrackedCameraFrameType_MaximumUndistorted will yield an image where the invalid regions are decoded
+	* by the alpha channel having a zero component. The valid regions all have a non-zero alpha component. The subregion as described by VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Undistorted
+	* guarantees a rectangle where all pixels are valid. */
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError GetVideoStreamTextureD3D11( vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, void *pD3D11DeviceOrResource, void **ppD3D11ShaderResourceView, vr::CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t *pFrameHeader, uint32_t nFrameHeaderSize ) = 0;
+
+	/** Access a shared GL texture for the specified tracked camera stream */
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError GetVideoStreamTextureGL( vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, vr::glUInt_t *pglTextureId, vr::CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t *pFrameHeader, uint32_t nFrameHeaderSize ) = 0;
+	virtual vr::EVRTrackedCameraError ReleaseVideoStreamTextureGL( vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, vr::glUInt_t glTextureId ) = 0;
+	virtual void SetCameraTrackingSpace( vr::ETrackingUniverseOrigin eUniverse ) = 0;
+	virtual vr::ETrackingUniverseOrigin GetCameraTrackingSpace( ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRTrackedCamera_Version = "IVRTrackedCamera_006";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+// ivrscreenshots.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+/** Errors that can occur with the VR compositor */
+enum EVRScreenshotError
+{
+	VRScreenshotError_None							= 0,
+	VRScreenshotError_RequestFailed					= 1,
+	VRScreenshotError_IncompatibleVersion			= 100,
+	VRScreenshotError_NotFound						= 101,
+	VRScreenshotError_BufferTooSmall				= 102,
+	VRScreenshotError_ScreenshotAlreadyInProgress	= 108,
+};
+
+/** Allows the application to generate screenshots */
+class IVRScreenshots
+{
+public:
+	/** Request a screenshot of the requested type.
+	 *  A request of the VRScreenshotType_Stereo type will always
+	 *  work. Other types will depend on the underlying application
+	 *  support.
+	 *  The first file name is for the preview image and should be a
+	 *  regular screenshot (ideally from the left eye). The second
+	 *  is the VR screenshot in the correct format. They should be
+	 *  in the same aspect ratio.  Formats per type:
+	 *  VRScreenshotType_Mono: the VR filename is ignored (can be
+	 *  nullptr), this is a normal flat single shot.
+	 *  VRScreenshotType_Stereo:  The VR image should be a
+	 *  side-by-side with the left eye image on the left.
+	 *  VRScreenshotType_Cubemap: The VR image should be six square
+	 *  images composited horizontally.
+	 *  VRScreenshotType_StereoPanorama: above/below with left eye
+	 *  panorama being the above image.  Image is typically square
+	 *  with the panorama being 2x horizontal.
+	 *
+	 *  Note that the VR dashboard will call this function when
+	 *  the user presses the screenshot binding (currently System
+	 *  Button + Trigger).  If Steam is running, the destination
+	 *  file names will be in %TEMP% and will be copied into
+	 *  Steam's screenshot library for the running application
+	 *  once SubmitScreenshot() is called.
+	 *  If Steam is not running, the paths will be in the user's
+	 *  documents folder under Documents\SteamVR\Screenshots.
+	 *  Other VR applications can call this to initiate a
+	 *  screenshot outside of user control.
+	 *  The destination file names do not need an extension,
+	 *  will be replaced with the correct one for the format
+	 *  which is currently .png. */
+	virtual vr::EVRScreenshotError RequestScreenshot( vr::ScreenshotHandle_t *pOutScreenshotHandle, vr::EVRScreenshotType type, const char *pchPreviewFilename, const char *pchVRFilename ) = 0;
+
+	/** Called by the running VR application to indicate that it
+	 *  wishes to be in charge of screenshots.  If the
+	 *  application does not call this, the Compositor will only
+	 *  support VRScreenshotType_Stereo screenshots that will be
+	 *  captured without notification to the running app.
+	 *  Once hooked your application will receive a
+	 *  VREvent_RequestScreenshot event when the user presses the
+	 *  buttons to take a screenshot. */
+	virtual vr::EVRScreenshotError HookScreenshot( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( numTypes ) const vr::EVRScreenshotType *pSupportedTypes, int numTypes ) = 0;
+
+	/** When your application receives a
+	 *  VREvent_RequestScreenshot event, call these functions to get
+	 *  the details of the screenshot request. */
+	virtual vr::EVRScreenshotType GetScreenshotPropertyType( vr::ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, vr::EVRScreenshotError *pError ) = 0;
+
+	/** Get the filename for the preview or vr image (see
+	 *  vr::EScreenshotPropertyFilenames).  The return value is
+	 *  the size of the string.   */
+ 	virtual uint32_t GetScreenshotPropertyFilename( vr::ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, vr::EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames filenameType, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchFilename, uint32_t cchFilename, vr::EVRScreenshotError *pError ) = 0;
+
+	/** Call this if the application is taking the screen shot
+	 *  will take more than a few ms processing. This will result
+	 *  in an overlay being presented that shows a completion
+	 *  bar. */
+	virtual vr::EVRScreenshotError UpdateScreenshotProgress( vr::ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, float flProgress ) = 0;
+
+	/** Tells the compositor to take an internal screenshot of
+	 *  type VRScreenshotType_Stereo. It will take the current
+	 *  submitted scene textures of the running application and
+	 *  write them into the preview image and a side-by-side file
+	 *  for the VR image.
+	 *  This is similar to request screenshot, but doesn't ever
+	 *  talk to the application, just takes the shot and submits. */
+	virtual vr::EVRScreenshotError TakeStereoScreenshot( vr::ScreenshotHandle_t *pOutScreenshotHandle, const char *pchPreviewFilename, const char *pchVRFilename ) = 0;
+
+	/** Submit the completed screenshot.  If Steam is running
+	 *  this will call into the Steam client and upload the
+	 *  screenshot to the screenshots section of the library for
+	 *  the running application.  If Steam is not running, this
+	 *  function will display a notification to the user that the
+	 *  screenshot was taken. The paths should be full paths with
+	 *  extensions.
+	 *  File paths should be absolute including extensions.
+	 *  screenshotHandle can be k_unScreenshotHandleInvalid if this
+	 *  was a new shot taking by the app to be saved and not
+	 *  initiated by a user (achievement earned or something) */
+	virtual vr::EVRScreenshotError SubmitScreenshot( vr::ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, vr::EVRScreenshotType type, const char *pchSourcePreviewFilename, const char *pchSourceVRFilename ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRScreenshots_Version = "IVRScreenshots_001";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+
+// ivrresources.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRResources
+{
+public:
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Shared Resource Methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Loads the specified resource into the provided buffer if large enough.
+	* Returns the size in bytes of the buffer required to hold the specified resource. */
+	virtual uint32_t LoadSharedResource( const char *pchResourceName, char *pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen ) = 0;
+
+	/** Provides the full path to the specified resource. Resource names can include named directories for
+	* drivers and other things, and this resolves all of those and returns the actual physical path.
+	* pchResourceTypeDirectory is the subdirectory of resources to look in. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetResourceFullPath( const char *pchResourceName, const char *pchResourceTypeDirectory, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchPathBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRResources_Version = "IVRResources_001";
+
+
+}
+
+// ivrdrivermanager.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRDriverManager
+{
+public:
+	virtual uint32_t GetDriverCount() const = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing null. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetDriverName( vr::DriverId_t nDriver, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	virtual DriverHandle_t GetDriverHandle( const char *pchDriverName ) = 0;
+
+	virtual bool IsEnabled( vr::DriverId_t nDriver ) const = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRDriverManager_Version = "IVRDriverManager_001";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+
+// ivrinput.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	// Maximum number of characters in an action name, including the trailing null
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxActionNameLength = 64;
+
+	// Maximum number of characters in an action set name, including the trailing null
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxActionSetNameLength = 64;
+
+	// Maximum number of origins for an action
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxActionOriginCount = 16;
+
+	// Maximum number of characters in a bone name, including the trailing null
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxBoneNameLength = 32;
+
+	enum EVRSkeletalTransformSpace
+	{
+		VRSkeletalTransformSpace_Model = 0,
+		VRSkeletalTransformSpace_Parent = 1
+	};
+
+	enum EVRSkeletalReferencePose
+	{
+		VRSkeletalReferencePose_BindPose = 0,
+		VRSkeletalReferencePose_OpenHand,
+		VRSkeletalReferencePose_Fist,
+		VRSkeletalReferencePose_GripLimit
+	};
+
+	enum EVRFinger
+	{
+		VRFinger_Thumb = 0,
+		VRFinger_Index,
+		VRFinger_Middle,
+		VRFinger_Ring,
+		VRFinger_Pinky,
+		VRFinger_Count
+	};
+
+	enum EVRFingerSplay
+	{
+		VRFingerSplay_Thumb_Index = 0,
+		VRFingerSplay_Index_Middle,
+		VRFingerSplay_Middle_Ring,
+		VRFingerSplay_Ring_Pinky,
+		VRFingerSplay_Count
+	};
+
+	enum EVRSummaryType
+	{
+		// The skeletal summary data will match the animated bone transforms for the action.
+		VRSummaryType_FromAnimation = 0,
+
+		// The skeletal summary data will include unprocessed data directly from the device when available.
+		// This data is generally less latent than the data that is computed from the animations.
+		VRSummaryType_FromDevice = 1,
+	};
+
+	enum EVRInputFilterCancelType
+	{
+		VRInputFilterCancel_Timers = 0,
+		VRInputFilterCancel_Momentum = 1,
+	};
+
+	enum EVRInputStringBits
+	{
+		VRInputString_Hand = 0x01,
+		VRInputString_ControllerType = 0x02,
+		VRInputString_InputSource = 0x04,
+
+		VRInputString_All = 0xFFFFFFFF
+	};
+
+	struct InputAnalogActionData_t
+	{
+		/** Whether or not this action is currently available to be bound in the active action set */
+		bool bActive;
+
+		/** The origin that caused this action's current state */
+		VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+
+		/** The current state of this action; will be delta updates for mouse actions */
+		float x, y, z;
+
+		/** Deltas since the previous call to UpdateActionState() */
+		float deltaX, deltaY, deltaZ;
+
+		/** Time relative to now when this event happened. Will be negative to indicate a past time. */
+		float fUpdateTime;
+	};
+
+	struct InputDigitalActionData_t
+	{
+		/** Whether or not this action is currently available to be bound in the active action set */
+		bool bActive;
+
+		/** The origin that caused this action's current state */
+		VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+
+		/** The current state of this action; will be true if currently pressed */
+		bool bState;
+
+		/** This is true if the state has changed since the last frame */
+		bool bChanged;
+
+		/** Time relative to now when this event happened. Will be negative to indicate a past time. */
+		float fUpdateTime;
+	};
+
+	struct InputPoseActionData_t
+	{
+		/** Whether or not this action is currently available to be bound in the active action set */
+		bool bActive;
+
+		/** The origin that caused this action's current state */
+		VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+
+		/** The current state of this action */
+		TrackedDevicePose_t pose;
+	};
+
+	struct InputSkeletalActionData_t
+	{
+		/** Whether or not this action is currently available to be bound in the active action set */
+		bool bActive;
+
+		/** The origin that caused this action's current state */
+		VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+	};
+
+	struct InputOriginInfo_t
+	{
+		VRInputValueHandle_t devicePath;
+		TrackedDeviceIndex_t trackedDeviceIndex;
+		char rchRenderModelComponentName[128];
+	};
+
+	struct InputBindingInfo_t
+	{
+		char rchDevicePathName[128];
+		char rchInputPathName[128];
+		char rchModeName[128];
+		char rchSlotName[128];
+		char rchInputSourceType[ 32 ];
+	};
+
+	// * Experimental global action set priority *
+	// These constants are part of the experimental support in SteamVR for overlay
+	// apps selectively overriding input in the base scene application. This may be
+	// useful for overlay applications that need to use part or all of a controller
+	// without taking away all input to the game. This system must be enabled by the
+	// "Experimental overlay input overrides" setting in the developer section of
+	// SteamVR settings.
+	//
+	// To use this system, set the nPriority field of an action set to any number in
+	// this range.
+	static const int32_t k_nActionSetOverlayGlobalPriorityMin	= 0x01000000;
+	static const int32_t k_nActionSetOverlayGlobalPriorityMax	= 0x01FFFFFF;
+
+	static const int32_t k_nActionSetPriorityReservedMin		= 0x02000000;
+
+	struct VRActiveActionSet_t
+	{
+		/** This is the handle of the action set to activate for this frame. */
+		VRActionSetHandle_t ulActionSet;
+
+		/** This is the handle of a device path that this action set should be active for. To
+		* activate for all devices, set this to k_ulInvalidInputValueHandle. */
+		VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictedToDevice;
+
+		/** The action set to activate for all devices other than ulRestrictedDevice. If
+		* ulRestrictedToDevice is set to k_ulInvalidInputValueHandle, this parameter is
+		* ignored. */
+		VRActionSetHandle_t ulSecondaryActionSet;
+
+		// This field is ignored
+		uint32_t unPadding;
+
+		/** The priority of this action set relative to other action sets. Any inputs
+		* bound to a source (e.g. trackpad, joystick, trigger) will disable bindings in
+		* other active action sets with a smaller priority.
+		*
+		* Overlay applications (i.e. ApplicationType_Overlay) may set their action set priority
+		* to a value between k_nActionSetOverlayGlobalPriorityMin and k_nActionSetOverlayGlobalPriorityMax
+		* to cause any inputs bound to a source used by that action set to be disabled in scene applications.
+		*
+		* No action set priority may value may be larger than k_nActionSetPriorityReservedMin
+		*/
+		int32_t nPriority;
+	};
+
+	/** Contains summary information about the current skeletal pose */
+	struct VRSkeletalSummaryData_t
+	{
+		/** The amount that each finger is 'curled' inwards towards the palm.  In the case of the thumb,
+		* this represents how much the thumb is wrapped around the fist.
+		* 0 means straight, 1 means fully curled */
+		float	flFingerCurl[ VRFinger_Count ];
+
+		/** The amount that each pair of adjacent fingers are separated.
+		* 0 means the digits are touching, 1 means they are fully separated.
+		*/
+		float	flFingerSplay[ VRFingerSplay_Count ];
+	};
+
+
+	class IVRInput
+	{
+	public:
+
+		// ---------------  Handle management   --------------- //
+
+		/** Sets the path to the action manifest JSON file that is used by this application. If this information
+		* was set on the Steam partner site, calls to this function are ignored. If the Steam partner site
+		* setting and the path provided by this call are different, VRInputError_MismatchedActionManifest is returned.
+		* This call must be made before the first call to UpdateActionState or IVRSystem::PollNextEvent. */
+		virtual EVRInputError SetActionManifestPath( const char *pchActionManifestPath ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a handle for an action set. This handle is used for all performance-sensitive calls. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetActionSetHandle( const char *pchActionSetName, VRActionSetHandle_t *pHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a handle for an action. This handle is used for all performance-sensitive calls. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetActionHandle( const char *pchActionName, VRActionHandle_t *pHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a handle for any path in the input system. E.g. /user/hand/right */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetInputSourceHandle( const char *pchInputSourcePath, VRInputValueHandle_t *pHandle ) = 0;
+
+
+
+		// --------------- Reading action state ------------------- //
+
+		/** Reads the current state into all actions. After this call, the results of Get*Action calls
+		* will be the same until the next call to UpdateActionState. */
+		virtual EVRInputError UpdateActionState( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unSetCount ) VRActiveActionSet_t *pSets, uint32_t unSizeOfVRSelectedActionSet_t, uint32_t unSetCount ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads the state of a digital action given its handle. This will return VRInputError_WrongType if the type of
+		* action is something other than digital */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetDigitalActionData( VRActionHandle_t action, InputDigitalActionData_t *pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads the state of an analog action given its handle. This will return VRInputError_WrongType if the type of
+		* action is something other than analog */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetAnalogActionData( VRActionHandle_t action, InputAnalogActionData_t *pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads the state of a pose action given its handle for the number of seconds relative to now. This
+		* will generally be called with negative times from the fUpdateTime fields in other actions. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetPoseActionDataRelativeToNow( VRActionHandle_t action, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, float fPredictedSecondsFromNow, InputPoseActionData_t *pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads the state of a pose action given its handle. The returned values will match the values returned
+		* by the last call to IVRCompositor::WaitGetPoses(). */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetPoseActionDataForNextFrame( VRActionHandle_t action, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, InputPoseActionData_t *pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads the state of a skeletal action given its handle. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetSkeletalActionData( VRActionHandle_t action, InputSkeletalActionData_t *pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the current dominant hand for the user for this application. This function will only return success for applications
+		* which include "supports_dominant_hand_setting": true in their action manifests. The dominant hand will only change after
+		* a call to UpdateActionState, and the action data returned after that point will use the new dominant hand. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetDominantHand( ETrackedControllerRole *peDominantHand ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sets the dominant hand for the user for this application. */
+		virtual EVRInputError SetDominantHand( ETrackedControllerRole eDominantHand ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------  Static Skeletal Data ------------------- //
+
+		/** Reads the number of bones in skeleton associated with the given action */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetBoneCount( VRActionHandle_t action, uint32_t* pBoneCount ) = 0;
+
+		/** Fills the given array with the index of each bone's parent in the skeleton associated with the given action */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetBoneHierarchy( VRActionHandle_t action, VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unIndexArayCount ) BoneIndex_t* pParentIndices, uint32_t unIndexArayCount ) = 0;
+
+		/** Fills the given buffer with the name of the bone at the given index in the skeleton associated with the given action */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetBoneName( VRActionHandle_t action, BoneIndex_t nBoneIndex, VR_OUT_STRING() char* pchBoneName, uint32_t unNameBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+		/** Fills the given buffer with the transforms for a specific static skeletal reference pose */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetSkeletalReferenceTransforms( VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalTransformSpace eTransformSpace, EVRSkeletalReferencePose eReferencePose, VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unTransformArrayCount ) VRBoneTransform_t *pTransformArray, uint32_t unTransformArrayCount ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads the level of accuracy to which the controller is able to track the user to recreate a skeletal pose */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetSkeletalTrackingLevel( VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel* pSkeletalTrackingLevel ) = 0;
+
+		// ---------------  Dynamic Skeletal Data ------------------- //
+
+		/** Reads the state of the skeletal bone data associated with this action and copies it into the given buffer. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetSkeletalBoneData( VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalTransformSpace eTransformSpace, EVRSkeletalMotionRange eMotionRange, VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unTransformArrayCount ) VRBoneTransform_t *pTransformArray, uint32_t unTransformArrayCount ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads summary information about the current pose of the skeleton associated with the given action.   */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetSkeletalSummaryData( VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSummaryType eSummaryType, VRSkeletalSummaryData_t * pSkeletalSummaryData ) = 0;
+
+		/** Reads the state of the skeletal bone data in a compressed form that is suitable for
+		* sending over the network. The required buffer size will never exceed ( sizeof(VR_BoneTransform_t)*boneCount + 2).
+		* Usually the size will be much smaller. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetSkeletalBoneDataCompressed( VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalMotionRange eMotionRange, VR_OUT_BUFFER_COUNT( unCompressedSize ) void *pvCompressedData, uint32_t unCompressedSize, uint32_t *punRequiredCompressedSize ) = 0;
+
+		/** Turns a compressed buffer from GetSkeletalBoneDataCompressed and turns it back into a bone transform array. */
+		virtual EVRInputError DecompressSkeletalBoneData( const void *pvCompressedBuffer, uint32_t unCompressedBufferSize, EVRSkeletalTransformSpace eTransformSpace, VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unTransformArrayCount ) VRBoneTransform_t *pTransformArray, uint32_t unTransformArrayCount ) = 0;
+
+		// --------------- Haptics ------------------- //
+
+		/** Triggers a haptic event as described by the specified action */
+		virtual EVRInputError TriggerHapticVibrationAction( VRActionHandle_t action, float fStartSecondsFromNow, float fDurationSeconds, float fFrequency, float fAmplitude, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice ) = 0;
+
+		// --------------- Action Origins ---------------- //
+
+		/** Retrieve origin handles for an action */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetActionOrigins( VRActionSetHandle_t actionSetHandle, VRActionHandle_t digitalActionHandle, VR_ARRAY_COUNT( originOutCount ) VRInputValueHandle_t *originsOut, uint32_t originOutCount ) = 0;
+
+		/** Retrieves the name of the origin in the current language. unStringSectionsToInclude is a bitfield of values in EVRInputStringBits that allows the
+			application to specify which parts of the origin's information it wants a string for. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetOriginLocalizedName( VRInputValueHandle_t origin, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchNameArray, uint32_t unNameArraySize, int32_t unStringSectionsToInclude ) = 0;
+
+		/** Retrieves useful information for the origin of this action */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetOriginTrackedDeviceInfo( VRInputValueHandle_t origin, InputOriginInfo_t *pOriginInfo, uint32_t unOriginInfoSize ) = 0;
+
+		/** Retrieves useful information about the bindings for an action */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetActionBindingInfo( VRActionHandle_t action, InputBindingInfo_t *pOriginInfo, uint32_t unBindingInfoSize, uint32_t unBindingInfoCount, uint32_t *punReturnedBindingInfoCount ) = 0;
+
+		/** Shows the current binding for the action in-headset */
+		virtual EVRInputError ShowActionOrigins( VRActionSetHandle_t actionSetHandle, VRActionHandle_t ulActionHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Shows the current binding all the actions in the specified action sets */
+		virtual EVRInputError ShowBindingsForActionSet( VR_ARRAY_COUNT( unSetCount ) VRActiveActionSet_t *pSets, uint32_t unSizeOfVRSelectedActionSet_t, uint32_t unSetCount, VRInputValueHandle_t originToHighlight ) = 0;
+
+		/** Use this to query what action on the component returned by GetOriginTrackedDeviceInfo would trigger this binding. */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetComponentStateForBinding( const char *pchRenderModelName, const char *pchComponentName,
+			const InputBindingInfo_t *pOriginInfo, uint32_t unBindingInfoSize, uint32_t unBindingInfoCount,
+			vr::RenderModel_ComponentState_t *pComponentState ) = 0;
+
+
+		// --------------- Legacy Input ------------------- //
+		virtual bool IsUsingLegacyInput() = 0;
+
+
+		// --------------- Utilities ------------------- //
+
+		/** Opens the binding user interface. If no app key is provided it will use the key from the calling process.
+		* If no set is provided it will open to the root of the app binding page. */
+		virtual EVRInputError OpenBindingUI( const char* pchAppKey, VRActionSetHandle_t ulActionSetHandle, VRInputValueHandle_t ulDeviceHandle, bool bShowOnDesktop ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the variant set in the current bindings. If the binding doesn't include a variant setting, this function
+		* will return an empty string */
+		virtual EVRInputError GetBindingVariant( vr::VRInputValueHandle_t ulDevicePath,
+			VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchVariantArray, uint32_t unVariantArraySize ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVRInput_Version = "IVRInput_010";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+// ivriobuffer.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+typedef uint64_t IOBufferHandle_t;
+static const uint64_t k_ulInvalidIOBufferHandle = 0;
+
+	enum EIOBufferError
+	{
+		IOBuffer_Success                  = 0,
+		IOBuffer_OperationFailed          = 100,
+		IOBuffer_InvalidHandle            = 101,
+		IOBuffer_InvalidArgument          = 102,
+		IOBuffer_PathExists               = 103,
+		IOBuffer_PathDoesNotExist         = 104,
+		IOBuffer_Permission               = 105,
+	};
+
+	enum EIOBufferMode
+	{
+		IOBufferMode_Read                 = 0x0001,
+		IOBufferMode_Write                = 0x0002,
+		IOBufferMode_Create               = 0x0200,
+	};
+
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Purpose:
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	class IVRIOBuffer
+	{
+	public:
+		/** opens an existing or creates a new IOBuffer of unSize bytes */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Open( const char *pchPath, vr::EIOBufferMode mode, uint32_t unElementSize, uint32_t unElements, vr::IOBufferHandle_t *pulBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** closes a previously opened or created buffer */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Close( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** reads up to unBytes from buffer into *pDst, returning number of bytes read in *punRead */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Read( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer, void *pDst, uint32_t unBytes, uint32_t *punRead ) = 0;
+
+		/** writes unBytes of data from *pSrc into a buffer. */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Write( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer, void *pSrc, uint32_t unBytes ) = 0;
+
+		/** retrieves the property container of an buffer. */
+		virtual vr::PropertyContainerHandle_t PropertyContainer( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** inexpensively checks for readers to allow writers to fast-fail potentially expensive copies and writes. */
+		virtual bool HasReaders( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer ) = 0;
+	};
+
+	static const char *IVRIOBuffer_Version = "IVRIOBuffer_002";
+}
+
+// ivrspatialanchors.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	static const SpatialAnchorHandle_t k_ulInvalidSpatialAnchorHandle = 0;
+
+	struct SpatialAnchorPose_t
+	{
+		HmdMatrix34_t mAnchorToAbsoluteTracking;
+	};
+
+	class IVRSpatialAnchors
+	{
+	public:
+
+		/** Returns a handle for an spatial anchor described by "descriptor".  On success, pHandle
+		* will contain a handle valid for this session.  Caller can wait for an event or occasionally
+		* poll GetSpatialAnchorPose() to find the virtual coordinate associated with this anchor. */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError CreateSpatialAnchorFromDescriptor( const char *pchDescriptor, SpatialAnchorHandle_t *pHandleOut ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns a handle for an new spatial anchor at pPose.  On success, pHandle
+		* will contain a handle valid for this session.  Caller can wait for an event or occasionally
+		* poll GetSpatialAnchorDescriptor() to find the permanent descriptor for this pose.
+		* The result of GetSpatialAnchorPose() may evolve from this initial position if the driver chooses
+		* to update it.
+		* The anchor will be associated with the driver that provides unDeviceIndex, and the driver may use that specific
+		* device as a hint for how to best create the anchor.
+		* The eOrigin must match whatever tracking origin you are working in (seated/standing/raw).
+		* This should be called when the user is close to (and ideally looking at/interacting with) the target physical
+		* location.  At that moment, the driver will have the most information about how to recover that physical point
+		* in the future, and the quality of the anchor (when the descriptor is re-used) will be highest.
+		* The caller may decide to apply offsets from this initial pose, but is advised to stay relatively close to the
+		* original pose location for highest fidelity. */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError CreateSpatialAnchorFromPose( TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, SpatialAnchorPose_t *pPose, SpatialAnchorHandle_t *pHandleOut ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the pose for a given handle.  This is intended to be cheap enough to call every frame (or fairly often)
+		* so that the driver can refine this position when it has more information available. */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError GetSpatialAnchorPose( SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, SpatialAnchorPose_t *pPoseOut ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the descriptor for a given handle.  This will be empty for handles where the driver has not
+		* yet built a descriptor.  It will be the application-supplied descriptor for previously saved anchors
+		* that the application is requesting poses for.  If the driver has called UpdateSpatialAnchorDescriptor()
+		* already in this session, it will be the descriptor provided by the driver.
+		* Returns true if the descriptor fits into the buffer, else false.  Buffer size should be at least
+		* k_unMaxSpatialAnchorDescriptorSize. */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError GetSpatialAnchorDescriptor( SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchDescriptorOut, uint32_t *punDescriptorBufferLenInOut ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVRSpatialAnchors_Version = "IVRSpatialAnchors_001";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+// ivrdebug.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	enum EVRDebugError
+	{
+		VRDebugError_Success = 0,
+		VRDebugError_BadParameter
+	};
+
+	/** Handle for vr profiler events */
+	typedef uint64_t VrProfilerEventHandle_t;
+
+	class IVRDebug
+	{
+	public:
+
+		/** Create a vr profiler discrete event (point)
+		* The event will be associated with the message provided in pchMessage, and the current
+		* time will be used as the event timestamp. */
+		virtual EVRDebugError EmitVrProfilerEvent( const char *pchMessage ) = 0;
+
+		/** Create an vr profiler duration event (line)
+		* The current time will be used as the timestamp for the start of the line.
+		* On success, pHandleOut will contain a handle valid for terminating this event. */
+		virtual EVRDebugError BeginVrProfilerEvent( VrProfilerEventHandle_t *pHandleOut ) = 0;
+
+		/** Terminate a vr profiler event
+		* The event associated with hHandle will be considered completed when this method is called.
+		* The current time will be used assocaited to the termination time of the event, and
+		* pchMessage will be used as the event title. */
+		virtual EVRDebugError FinishVrProfilerEvent( VrProfilerEventHandle_t hHandle, const char *pchMessage ) = 0;
+
+		/** Sends a request to the driver for the specified device and returns the response. The maximum response size is 32k,
+		* but this method can be called with a smaller buffer. If the response exceeds the size of the buffer, it is truncated.
+		* The size of the response including its terminating null is returned. */
+		virtual uint32_t DriverDebugRequest( vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, const char *pchRequest, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchResponseBuffer, uint32_t unResponseBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVRDebug_Version = "IVRDebug_001";
+
+} // namespace vr
+// End
+
+#endif // _OPENVR_API
+
+
+
+namespace vr
+{
+#if !defined( OPENVR_INTERFACE_INTERNAL )
+
+	/** Finds the active installation of the VR API and initializes it. The provided path must be absolute
+	* or relative to the current working directory. These are the local install versions of the equivalent
+	* functions in steamvr.h and will work without a local Steam install.
+	*
+	* This path is to the "root" of the VR API install. That's the directory with
+	* the "drivers" directory and a platform (i.e. "win32") directory in it, not the directory with the DLL itself.
+	*
+	* pStartupInfo is reserved for future use.
+	*/
+	inline IVRSystem *VR_Init( EVRInitError *peError, EVRApplicationType eApplicationType, const char *pStartupInfo = nullptr );
+
+	/** unloads vrclient.dll. Any interface pointers from the interface are
+	* invalid after this point */
+	inline void VR_Shutdown();
+
+	/** Returns true if there is an HMD attached. This check is as lightweight as possible and
+	* can be called outside of VR_Init/VR_Shutdown. It should be used when an application wants
+	* to know if initializing VR is a possibility but isn't ready to take that step yet.
+	*/
+	VR_INTERFACE bool VR_CALLTYPE VR_IsHmdPresent();
+
+	/** Returns true if the OpenVR runtime is installed. */
+	VR_INTERFACE bool VR_CALLTYPE VR_IsRuntimeInstalled();
+
+	/** Returns where the OpenVR runtime is installed. */
+	VR_INTERFACE bool VR_GetRuntimePath( VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchPathBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, uint32_t *punRequiredBufferSize );
+	
+	/** Returns the name of the enum value for an EVRInitError. This function may be called outside of VR_Init()/VR_Shutdown(). */
+	VR_INTERFACE const char *VR_CALLTYPE VR_GetVRInitErrorAsSymbol( EVRInitError error );
+
+	/** Returns an English string for an EVRInitError. Applications should call VR_GetVRInitErrorAsSymbol instead and
+	* use that as a key to look up their own localized error message. This function may be called outside of VR_Init()/VR_Shutdown(). */
+	VR_INTERFACE const char *VR_CALLTYPE VR_GetVRInitErrorAsEnglishDescription( EVRInitError error );
+
+	/** Returns the interface of the specified version. This method must be called after VR_Init. The
+	* pointer returned is valid until VR_Shutdown is called.
+	*/
+	VR_INTERFACE void *VR_CALLTYPE VR_GetGenericInterface( const char *pchInterfaceVersion, EVRInitError *peError );
+
+	/** Returns whether the interface of the specified version exists.
+	*/
+	VR_INTERFACE bool VR_CALLTYPE VR_IsInterfaceVersionValid( const char *pchInterfaceVersion );
+
+	/** Returns a token that represents whether the VR interface handles need to be reloaded */
+	VR_INTERFACE uint32_t VR_CALLTYPE VR_GetInitToken();
+
+	// These typedefs allow old enum names from SDK 0.9.11 to be used in applications.
+	// They will go away in the future.
+	typedef EVRInitError HmdError;
+	typedef EVREye Hmd_Eye;
+	typedef EColorSpace ColorSpace;
+	typedef ETrackingResult HmdTrackingResult;
+	typedef ETrackedDeviceClass TrackedDeviceClass;
+	typedef ETrackingUniverseOrigin TrackingUniverseOrigin;
+	typedef ETrackedDeviceProperty TrackedDeviceProperty;
+	typedef ETrackedPropertyError TrackedPropertyError;
+	typedef EVRSubmitFlags VRSubmitFlags_t;
+	typedef EVRState VRState_t;
+	typedef ECollisionBoundsStyle CollisionBoundsStyle_t;
+	typedef EVROverlayError VROverlayError;
+	typedef EVRFirmwareError VRFirmwareError;
+	typedef EVRCompositorError VRCompositorError;
+	typedef EVRScreenshotError VRScreenshotsError;
+
+	inline uint32_t &VRToken()
+	{
+		static uint32_t token;
+		return token;
+	}
+
+	class COpenVRContext
+	{
+	public:
+		COpenVRContext() { Clear(); }
+		void Clear();
+
+		inline void CheckClear()
+		{
+			if ( VRToken() != VR_GetInitToken() )
+			{
+				Clear();
+				VRToken() = VR_GetInitToken();
+			}
+		}
+
+		IVRSystem *VRSystem()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRSystem == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRSystem = ( IVRSystem * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRSystem_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRSystem;
+		}
+		IVRChaperone *VRChaperone()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRChaperone == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRChaperone = ( IVRChaperone * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRChaperone_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRChaperone;
+		}
+
+		IVRChaperoneSetup *VRChaperoneSetup()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRChaperoneSetup == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRChaperoneSetup = ( IVRChaperoneSetup * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRChaperoneSetup_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRChaperoneSetup;
+		}
+
+		IVRCompositor *VRCompositor()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRCompositor == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRCompositor = ( IVRCompositor * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRCompositor_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRCompositor;
+		}
+
+		IVROverlay *VROverlay()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVROverlay == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVROverlay = ( IVROverlay * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVROverlay_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVROverlay;
+		}
+
+		IVROverlayView *VROverlayView()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVROverlayView == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVROverlayView = ( IVROverlayView * ) VR_GetGenericInterface( IVROverlayView_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVROverlayView;
+		}
+
+		IVRHeadsetView *VRHeadsetView()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRHeadsetView == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRHeadsetView = ( IVRHeadsetView * ) VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRHeadsetView_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRHeadsetView;
+		}
+
+		IVRResources *VRResources()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRResources == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRResources = (IVRResources *)VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRResources_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRResources;
+		}
+
+		IVRScreenshots *VRScreenshots()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRScreenshots == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRScreenshots = ( IVRScreenshots * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRScreenshots_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRScreenshots;
+		}
+
+		IVRRenderModels *VRRenderModels()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRRenderModels == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRRenderModels = ( IVRRenderModels * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRRenderModels_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRRenderModels;
+		}
+
+		IVRExtendedDisplay *VRExtendedDisplay()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRExtendedDisplay == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRExtendedDisplay = ( IVRExtendedDisplay * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRExtendedDisplay_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRExtendedDisplay;
+		}
+
+		IVRSettings *VRSettings()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRSettings == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRSettings = ( IVRSettings * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRSettings_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRSettings;
+		}
+
+		IVRApplications *VRApplications()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRApplications == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRApplications = ( IVRApplications * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRApplications_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRApplications;
+		}
+
+		IVRTrackedCamera *VRTrackedCamera()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( m_pVRTrackedCamera == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRTrackedCamera = ( IVRTrackedCamera * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRTrackedCamera_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRTrackedCamera;
+		}
+
+		IVRDriverManager *VRDriverManager()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( !m_pVRDriverManager )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRDriverManager = ( IVRDriverManager * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRDriverManager_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRDriverManager;
+		}
+
+		IVRInput *VRInput()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( !m_pVRInput )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRInput = (IVRInput *)VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRInput_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRInput;
+		}
+
+		IVRIOBuffer *VRIOBuffer()
+		{
+			if ( !m_pVRIOBuffer )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRIOBuffer = ( IVRIOBuffer * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRIOBuffer_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRIOBuffer;
+		}
+
+		IVRSpatialAnchors *VRSpatialAnchors()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( !m_pVRSpatialAnchors )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRSpatialAnchors = (IVRSpatialAnchors *)VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRSpatialAnchors_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRSpatialAnchors;
+		}
+
+		IVRDebug *VRDebug()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( !m_pVRDebug )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRDebug = (IVRDebug *)VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRDebug_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRDebug;
+		}
+
+		IVRNotifications *VRNotifications()
+		{
+			CheckClear();
+			if ( !m_pVRNotifications )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRNotifications = ( IVRNotifications * )VR_GetGenericInterface( IVRNotifications_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRNotifications;
+		}
+		
+	private:
+		IVRSystem			*m_pVRSystem;
+		IVRChaperone		*m_pVRChaperone;
+		IVRChaperoneSetup	*m_pVRChaperoneSetup;
+		IVRCompositor		*m_pVRCompositor;
+		IVRHeadsetView		*m_pVRHeadsetView;
+		IVROverlay			*m_pVROverlay;
+		IVROverlayView		*m_pVROverlayView;
+		IVRResources		*m_pVRResources;
+		IVRRenderModels		*m_pVRRenderModels;
+		IVRExtendedDisplay	*m_pVRExtendedDisplay;
+		IVRSettings			*m_pVRSettings;
+		IVRApplications		*m_pVRApplications;
+		IVRTrackedCamera	*m_pVRTrackedCamera;
+		IVRScreenshots		*m_pVRScreenshots;
+		IVRDriverManager	*m_pVRDriverManager;
+		IVRInput			*m_pVRInput;
+		IVRIOBuffer			*m_pVRIOBuffer;
+		IVRSpatialAnchors   *m_pVRSpatialAnchors;
+		IVRDebug			*m_pVRDebug;
+		IVRNotifications	*m_pVRNotifications;
+	};
+
+	inline COpenVRContext &OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext()
+	{
+		static void *ctx[ sizeof( COpenVRContext ) / sizeof( void * ) ];
+		return *( COpenVRContext * )ctx; // bypass zero-init constructor
+	}
+
+	inline IVRSystem *VR_CALLTYPE VRSystem() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRSystem(); }
+	inline IVRChaperone *VR_CALLTYPE VRChaperone() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRChaperone(); }
+	inline IVRChaperoneSetup *VR_CALLTYPE VRChaperoneSetup() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRChaperoneSetup(); }
+	inline IVRCompositor *VR_CALLTYPE VRCompositor() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRCompositor(); }
+	inline IVROverlay *VR_CALLTYPE VROverlay() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VROverlay(); }
+	inline IVROverlayView *VR_CALLTYPE VROverlayView() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VROverlayView(); }
+	inline IVRHeadsetView *VR_CALLTYPE VRHeadsetView() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRHeadsetView(); }
+	inline IVRScreenshots *VR_CALLTYPE VRScreenshots() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRScreenshots(); }
+	inline IVRRenderModels *VR_CALLTYPE VRRenderModels() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRRenderModels(); }
+	inline IVRApplications *VR_CALLTYPE VRApplications() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRApplications(); }
+	inline IVRSettings *VR_CALLTYPE VRSettings() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRSettings(); }
+	inline IVRResources *VR_CALLTYPE VRResources() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRResources(); }
+	inline IVRExtendedDisplay *VR_CALLTYPE VRExtendedDisplay() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRExtendedDisplay(); }
+	inline IVRTrackedCamera *VR_CALLTYPE VRTrackedCamera() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRTrackedCamera(); }
+	inline IVRDriverManager *VR_CALLTYPE VRDriverManager() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRDriverManager(); }
+	inline IVRInput *VR_CALLTYPE VRInput() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRInput(); }
+	inline IVRIOBuffer *VR_CALLTYPE VRIOBuffer() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRIOBuffer(); }
+	inline IVRSpatialAnchors *VR_CALLTYPE VRSpatialAnchors() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRSpatialAnchors(); }
+	inline IVRNotifications *VR_CALLTYPE VRNotifications() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRNotifications(); }
+	inline IVRDebug *VR_CALLTYPE VRDebug() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext().VRDebug(); }
+
+	inline void COpenVRContext::Clear()
+	{
+		m_pVRSystem = nullptr;
+		m_pVRChaperone = nullptr;
+		m_pVRChaperoneSetup = nullptr;
+		m_pVRCompositor = nullptr;
+		m_pVROverlay = nullptr;
+		m_pVROverlayView = nullptr;
+		m_pVRHeadsetView = nullptr;
+		m_pVRRenderModels = nullptr;
+		m_pVRExtendedDisplay = nullptr;
+		m_pVRSettings = nullptr;
+		m_pVRApplications = nullptr;
+		m_pVRTrackedCamera = nullptr;
+		m_pVRResources = nullptr;
+		m_pVRScreenshots = nullptr;
+		m_pVRDriverManager = nullptr;
+		m_pVRInput = nullptr;
+		m_pVRIOBuffer = nullptr;
+		m_pVRSpatialAnchors = nullptr;
+		m_pVRNotifications = nullptr;
+		m_pVRDebug = nullptr;
+	}
+	
+	VR_INTERFACE uint32_t VR_CALLTYPE VR_InitInternal2( EVRInitError *peError, EVRApplicationType eApplicationType, const char *pStartupInfo );
+	VR_INTERFACE void VR_CALLTYPE VR_ShutdownInternal();
+
+	/** Finds the active installation of vrclient.dll and initializes it */
+	inline IVRSystem *VR_Init( EVRInitError *peError, EVRApplicationType eApplicationType, const char *pStartupInfo )
+	{
+		IVRSystem *pVRSystem = nullptr;
+
+		EVRInitError eError;
+		VRToken() = VR_InitInternal2( &eError, eApplicationType, pStartupInfo );
+		COpenVRContext &ctx = OpenVRInternal_ModuleContext();
+		ctx.Clear();
+
+		if ( eError == VRInitError_None )
+		{
+			if ( VR_IsInterfaceVersionValid( IVRSystem_Version ) )
+			{
+				pVRSystem = VRSystem();
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				VR_ShutdownInternal();
+				eError = VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( peError )
+			*peError = eError;
+		return pVRSystem;
+	}
+
+	/** unloads vrclient.dll. Any interface pointers from the interface are
+	* invalid after this point */
+	inline void VR_Shutdown()
+	{
+		VR_ShutdownInternal();
+	}
+
+#endif // OPENVR_INTERFACE_INTERNAL
+}
diff --git a/external/openvr/headers/openvr_capi.h b/external/openvr/headers/openvr_capi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13c71fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/headers/openvr_capi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3117 @@
+//======= Copyright (c) Valve Corporation, All rights reserved. ===============
+//
+// Purpose: Header for flatted SteamAPI. Use this for binding to other languages.
+// This file is auto-generated, do not edit it.
+//
+//=============================================================================
+
+#ifndef __OPENVR_API_FLAT_H__
+#define __OPENVR_API_FLAT_H__
+#if defined( _WIN32 ) || defined( __clang__ )
+#pragma once
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define EXTERN_C extern "C"
+#else
+#define EXTERN_C
+#endif
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+#define OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE __stdcall
+#else
+#define OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE 
+#endif
+
+// OPENVR API export macro
+#if defined( _WIN32 ) && !defined( _X360 )
+	#if defined( OPENVR_API_EXPORTS )
+	#define S_API EXTERN_C __declspec( dllexport )
+	#elif defined( OPENVR_API_NODLL )
+	#define S_API EXTERN_C
+	#else
+	#define S_API extern "C" __declspec( dllimport ) 
+	#endif // OPENVR_API_EXPORTS
+#elif defined( __GNUC__ )
+	#if defined( OPENVR_API_EXPORTS )
+	#define S_API EXTERN_C __attribute__ ((visibility("default")))
+	#else
+	#define S_API EXTERN_C
+	#endif // OPENVR_API_EXPORTS
+#else // !WIN32
+	#if defined( OPENVR_API_EXPORTS )
+	#define S_API EXTERN_C
+	#else
+	#define S_API EXTERN_C
+	#endif // OPENVR_API_EXPORTS
+#endif
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if defined( __WIN32 )
+typedef char bool;
+#else
+#include <stdbool.h>
+#endif
+
+typedef uint64_t PropertyContainerHandle_t;
+typedef uint32_t PropertyTypeTag_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRActionHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRActionSetHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRInputValueHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t PathHandle_t;
+
+
+// OpenVR Constants
+
+static const unsigned long k_nDriverNone = 4294967295;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxDriverDebugResponseSize = 32768;
+static const unsigned long k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd = 0;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxTrackedDeviceCount = 64;
+static const unsigned long k_unTrackedDeviceIndexOther = 4294967294;
+static const unsigned long k_unTrackedDeviceIndexInvalid = 4294967295;
+static const unsigned long long k_ulInvalidPropertyContainer = 0;
+static const unsigned long k_unInvalidPropertyTag = 0;
+static const unsigned long long k_ulInvalidDriverHandle = 0;
+static const unsigned long k_unFloatPropertyTag = 1;
+static const unsigned long k_unInt32PropertyTag = 2;
+static const unsigned long k_unUint64PropertyTag = 3;
+static const unsigned long k_unBoolPropertyTag = 4;
+static const unsigned long k_unStringPropertyTag = 5;
+static const unsigned long k_unErrorPropertyTag = 6;
+static const unsigned long k_unDoublePropertyTag = 7;
+static const unsigned long k_unHmdMatrix34PropertyTag = 20;
+static const unsigned long k_unHmdMatrix44PropertyTag = 21;
+static const unsigned long k_unHmdVector3PropertyTag = 22;
+static const unsigned long k_unHmdVector4PropertyTag = 23;
+static const unsigned long k_unHmdVector2PropertyTag = 24;
+static const unsigned long k_unHmdQuadPropertyTag = 25;
+static const unsigned long k_unHiddenAreaPropertyTag = 30;
+static const unsigned long k_unPathHandleInfoTag = 31;
+static const unsigned long k_unActionPropertyTag = 32;
+static const unsigned long k_unInputValuePropertyTag = 33;
+static const unsigned long k_unWildcardPropertyTag = 34;
+static const unsigned long k_unHapticVibrationPropertyTag = 35;
+static const unsigned long k_unSkeletonPropertyTag = 36;
+static const unsigned long k_unSpatialAnchorPosePropertyTag = 40;
+static const unsigned long k_unJsonPropertyTag = 41;
+static const unsigned long k_unActiveActionSetPropertyTag = 42;
+static const unsigned long k_unOpenVRInternalReserved_Start = 1000;
+static const unsigned long k_unOpenVRInternalReserved_End = 10000;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxPropertyStringSize = 32768;
+static const unsigned long long k_ulInvalidActionHandle = 0;
+static const unsigned long long k_ulInvalidActionSetHandle = 0;
+static const unsigned long long k_ulInvalidInputValueHandle = 0;
+static const unsigned long k_unControllerStateAxisCount = 5;
+static const unsigned long long k_ulOverlayHandleInvalid = 0;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxDistortionFunctionParameters = 8;
+static const unsigned long k_unScreenshotHandleInvalid = 0;
+static const char * IVRSystem_Version = "IVRSystem_022";
+static const char * IVRExtendedDisplay_Version = "IVRExtendedDisplay_001";
+static const char * IVRTrackedCamera_Version = "IVRTrackedCamera_006";
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxApplicationKeyLength = 128;
+static const char * k_pch_MimeType_HomeApp = "vr/home";
+static const char * k_pch_MimeType_GameTheater = "vr/game_theater";
+static const char * IVRApplications_Version = "IVRApplications_007";
+static const char * IVRChaperone_Version = "IVRChaperone_004";
+static const char * IVRChaperoneSetup_Version = "IVRChaperoneSetup_006";
+static const char * IVRCompositor_Version = "IVRCompositor_027";
+static const unsigned long k_unVROverlayMaxKeyLength = 128;
+static const unsigned long k_unVROverlayMaxNameLength = 128;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxOverlayCount = 128;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxOverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitivesCount = 32;
+static const char * IVROverlay_Version = "IVROverlay_025";
+static const char * IVROverlayView_Version = "IVROverlayView_003";
+static const unsigned long k_unHeadsetViewMaxWidth = 3840;
+static const unsigned long k_unHeadsetViewMaxHeight = 2160;
+static const char * k_pchHeadsetViewOverlayKey = "system.HeadsetView";
+static const char * IVRHeadsetView_Version = "IVRHeadsetView_001";
+static const char * k_pch_Controller_Component_GDC2015 = "gdc2015";
+static const char * k_pch_Controller_Component_Base = "base";
+static const char * k_pch_Controller_Component_Tip = "tip";
+static const char * k_pch_Controller_Component_HandGrip = "handgrip";
+static const char * k_pch_Controller_Component_Status = "status";
+static const char * IVRRenderModels_Version = "IVRRenderModels_006";
+static const unsigned long k_unNotificationTextMaxSize = 256;
+static const char * IVRNotifications_Version = "IVRNotifications_002";
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxSettingsKeyLength = 128;
+static const char * IVRSettings_Version = "IVRSettings_003";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_Section = "steamvr";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_RequireHmd_String = "requireHmd";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ForcedDriverKey_String = "forcedDriver";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ForcedHmdKey_String = "forcedHmd";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebug_Bool = "displayDebug";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DebugProcessPipe_String = "debugProcessPipe";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebugX_Int32 = "displayDebugX";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebugY_Int32 = "displayDebugY";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_SendSystemButtonToAllApps_Bool = "sendSystemButtonToAllApps";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_LogLevel_Int32 = "loglevel";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_IPD_Float = "ipd";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_Background_String = "background";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundUseDomeProjection_Bool = "backgroundUseDomeProjection";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundCameraHeight_Float = "backgroundCameraHeight";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundDomeRadius_Float = "backgroundDomeRadius";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_GridColor_String = "gridColor";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_PlayAreaColor_String = "playAreaColor";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_TrackingLossColor_String = "trackingLossColor";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ShowStage_Bool = "showStage";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DrawTrackingReferences_Bool = "drawTrackingReferences";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ActivateMultipleDrivers_Bool = "activateMultipleDrivers";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_UsingSpeakers_Bool = "usingSpeakers";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_SpeakersForwardYawOffsetDegrees_Float = "speakersForwardYawOffsetDegrees";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_BaseStationPowerManagement_Int32 = "basestationPowerManagement";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ShowBaseStationPowerManagementTip_Int32 = "ShowBaseStationPowerManagementTip";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_NeverKillProcesses_Bool = "neverKillProcesses";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_SupersampleScale_Float = "supersampleScale";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MaxRecommendedResolution_Int32 = "maxRecommendedResolution";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MotionSmoothing_Bool = "motionSmoothing";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MotionSmoothingOverride_Int32 = "motionSmoothingOverride";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_FramesToThrottle_Int32 = "framesToThrottle";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_AdditionalFramesToPredict_Int32 = "additionalFramesToPredict";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DisableAsyncReprojection_Bool = "disableAsync";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ForceFadeOnBadTracking_Bool = "forceFadeOnBadTracking";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DefaultMirrorView_Int32 = "mirrorView";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ShowLegacyMirrorView_Bool = "showLegacyMirrorView";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewVisibility_Bool = "showMirrorView";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewDisplayMode_Int32 = "mirrorViewDisplayMode";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewEye_Int32 = "mirrorViewEye";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewGeometry_String = "mirrorViewGeometry";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewGeometryMaximized_String = "mirrorViewGeometryMaximized";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_PerfGraphVisibility_Bool = "showPerfGraph";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_StartMonitorFromAppLaunch = "startMonitorFromAppLaunch";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_StartCompositorFromAppLaunch_Bool = "startCompositorFromAppLaunch";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_StartDashboardFromAppLaunch_Bool = "startDashboardFromAppLaunch";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_StartOverlayAppsFromDashboard_Bool = "startOverlayAppsFromDashboard";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_EnableHomeApp = "enableHomeApp";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_CycleBackgroundImageTimeSec_Int32 = "CycleBackgroundImageTimeSec";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_RetailDemo_Bool = "retailDemo";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_IpdOffset_Float = "ipdOffset";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_AllowSupersampleFiltering_Bool = "allowSupersampleFiltering";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_SupersampleManualOverride_Bool = "supersampleManualOverride";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_EnableLinuxVulkanAsync_Bool = "enableLinuxVulkanAsync";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_AllowDisplayLockedMode_Bool = "allowDisplayLockedMode";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_HaveStartedTutorialForNativeChaperoneDriver_Bool = "haveStartedTutorialForNativeChaperoneDriver";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_ForceWindows32bitVRMonitor = "forceWindows32BitVRMonitor";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DebugInputBinding = "debugInputBinding";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_DoNotFadeToGrid = "doNotFadeToGrid";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_RenderCameraMode = "renderCameraMode";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_EnableSharedResourceJournaling = "enableSharedResourceJournaling";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_EnableSafeMode = "enableSafeMode";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_PreferredRefreshRate = "preferredRefreshRate";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_LastVersionNotice = "lastVersionNotice";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_LastVersionNoticeDate = "lastVersionNoticeDate";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainR_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainR";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainG_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainG";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainB_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainB";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_CustomIconStyle_String = "customIconStyle";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_CustomOffIconStyle_String = "customOffIconStyle";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_CustomIconForceUpdate_String = "customIconForceUpdate";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_AllowGlobalActionSetPriority = "globalActionSetPriority";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_OverlayRenderQuality = "overlayRenderQuality_2";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_BlockOculusSDKOnOpenVRLaunchOption_Bool = "blockOculusSDKOnOpenVRLaunchOption";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_BlockOculusSDKOnAllLaunches_Bool = "blockOculusSDKOnAllLaunches";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_HDCPLegacyCompatibility_Bool = "hdcp14legacyCompatibility";
+static const char * k_pch_SteamVR_UsePrism_Bool = "usePrism";
+static const char * k_pch_DirectMode_Section = "direct_mode";
+static const char * k_pch_DirectMode_Enable_Bool = "enable";
+static const char * k_pch_DirectMode_Count_Int32 = "count";
+static const char * k_pch_DirectMode_EdidVid_Int32 = "edidVid";
+static const char * k_pch_DirectMode_EdidPid_Int32 = "edidPid";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_Section = "driver_lighthouse";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_DisableIMU_Bool = "disableimu";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_DisableIMUExceptHMD_Bool = "disableimuexcepthmd";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_UseDisambiguation_String = "usedisambiguation";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_DisambiguationDebug_Int32 = "disambiguationdebug";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_PrimaryBasestation_Int32 = "primarybasestation";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_DBHistory_Bool = "dbhistory";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_EnableBluetooth_Bool = "enableBluetooth";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_PowerManagedBaseStations_String = "PowerManagedBaseStations";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_PowerManagedBaseStations2_String = "PowerManagedBaseStations2";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_InactivityTimeoutForBaseStations_Int32 = "InactivityTimeoutForBaseStations";
+static const char * k_pch_Lighthouse_EnableImuFallback_Bool = "enableImuFallback";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_Section = "driver_null";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_SerialNumber_String = "serialNumber";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_ModelNumber_String = "modelNumber";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_WindowX_Int32 = "windowX";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_WindowY_Int32 = "windowY";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_WindowWidth_Int32 = "windowWidth";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_WindowHeight_Int32 = "windowHeight";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_RenderWidth_Int32 = "renderWidth";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_RenderHeight_Int32 = "renderHeight";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_SecondsFromVsyncToPhotons_Float = "secondsFromVsyncToPhotons";
+static const char * k_pch_Null_DisplayFrequency_Float = "displayFrequency";
+static const char * k_pch_WindowsMR_Section = "driver_holographic";
+static const char * k_pch_UserInterface_Section = "userinterface";
+static const char * k_pch_UserInterface_StatusAlwaysOnTop_Bool = "StatusAlwaysOnTop";
+static const char * k_pch_UserInterface_MinimizeToTray_Bool = "MinimizeToTray";
+static const char * k_pch_UserInterface_HidePopupsWhenStatusMinimized_Bool = "HidePopupsWhenStatusMinimized";
+static const char * k_pch_UserInterface_Screenshots_Bool = "screenshots";
+static const char * k_pch_UserInterface_ScreenshotType_Int = "screenshotType";
+static const char * k_pch_Notifications_Section = "notifications";
+static const char * k_pch_Notifications_DoNotDisturb_Bool = "DoNotDisturb";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_Section = "keyboard";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_TutorialCompletions = "TutorialCompletions";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_ScaleX = "ScaleX";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_ScaleY = "ScaleY";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetLeftX = "OffsetLeftX";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetRightX = "OffsetRightX";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetY = "OffsetY";
+static const char * k_pch_Keyboard_Smoothing = "Smoothing";
+static const char * k_pch_Perf_Section = "perfcheck";
+static const char * k_pch_Perf_PerfGraphInHMD_Bool = "perfGraphInHMD";
+static const char * k_pch_Perf_AllowTimingStore_Bool = "allowTimingStore";
+static const char * k_pch_Perf_SaveTimingsOnExit_Bool = "saveTimingsOnExit";
+static const char * k_pch_Perf_TestData_Float = "perfTestData";
+static const char * k_pch_Perf_GPUProfiling_Bool = "GPUProfiling";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_Section = "collisionBounds";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_Style_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsStyle";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_GroundPerimeterOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsGroundPerimeterOn";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_CenterMarkerOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsCenterMarkerOn";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_PlaySpaceOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsPlaySpaceOn";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_FadeDistance_Float = "CollisionBoundsFadeDistance";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_WallHeight_Float = "CollisionBoundsWallHeight";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaR_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaR";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaG_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaG";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaB_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaB";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaA_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaA";
+static const char * k_pch_CollisionBounds_EnableDriverImport = "enableDriverBoundsImport";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_Section = "camera";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_EnableCamera_Bool = "enableCamera";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_ShowOnController_Bool = "showOnController";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_EnableCameraForCollisionBounds_Bool = "enableCameraForCollisionBounds";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_RoomView_Int32 = "roomView";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaR_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaR";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaG_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaG";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaB_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaB";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaA_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaA";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_BoundsStrength_Int32 = "cameraBoundsStrength";
+static const char * k_pch_Camera_RoomViewStyle_Int32 = "roomViewStyle";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_Section = "audio";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_SetOsDefaultPlaybackDevice_Bool = "setOsDefaultPlaybackDevice";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackDeviceOverride_Bool = "enablePlaybackDeviceOverride";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_PlaybackDeviceOverride_String = "playbackDeviceOverride";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_PlaybackDeviceOverrideName_String = "playbackDeviceOverrideName";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_SetOsDefaultRecordingDevice_Bool = "setOsDefaultRecordingDevice";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_EnableRecordingDeviceOverride_Bool = "enableRecordingDeviceOverride";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_RecordingDeviceOverride_String = "recordingDeviceOverride";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_RecordingDeviceOverrideName_String = "recordingDeviceOverrideName";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackMirror_Bool = "enablePlaybackMirror";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_PlaybackMirrorDevice_String = "playbackMirrorDevice";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_PlaybackMirrorDeviceName_String = "playbackMirrorDeviceName";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_OldPlaybackMirrorDevice_String = "onPlaybackMirrorDevice";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_ActiveMirrorDevice_String = "activePlaybackMirrorDevice";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackMirrorIndependentVolume_Bool = "enablePlaybackMirrorIndependentVolume";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_LastHmdPlaybackDeviceId_String = "lastHmdPlaybackDeviceId";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_VIVEHDMIGain = "viveHDMIGain";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_DualSpeakerAndJackOutput_Bool = "dualSpeakerAndJackOutput";
+static const char * k_pch_audio_MuteMicMonitor_Bool = "muteMicMonitor";
+static const char * k_pch_Power_Section = "power";
+static const char * k_pch_Power_PowerOffOnExit_Bool = "powerOffOnExit";
+static const char * k_pch_Power_TurnOffScreensTimeout_Float = "turnOffScreensTimeout";
+static const char * k_pch_Power_TurnOffControllersTimeout_Float = "turnOffControllersTimeout";
+static const char * k_pch_Power_ReturnToWatchdogTimeout_Float = "returnToWatchdogTimeout";
+static const char * k_pch_Power_AutoLaunchSteamVROnButtonPress = "autoLaunchSteamVROnButtonPress";
+static const char * k_pch_Power_PauseCompositorOnStandby_Bool = "pauseCompositorOnStandby";
+static const char * k_pch_Dashboard_Section = "dashboard";
+static const char * k_pch_Dashboard_EnableDashboard_Bool = "enableDashboard";
+static const char * k_pch_Dashboard_ArcadeMode_Bool = "arcadeMode";
+static const char * k_pch_Dashboard_Position = "position";
+static const char * k_pch_Dashboard_DesktopScale = "desktopScale";
+static const char * k_pch_Dashboard_DashboardScale = "dashboardScale";
+static const char * k_pch_Dashboard_UseStandaloneSystemLayer = "standaloneSystemLayer";
+static const char * k_pch_modelskin_Section = "modelskins";
+static const char * k_pch_Driver_Enable_Bool = "enable";
+static const char * k_pch_Driver_BlockedBySafemode_Bool = "blocked_by_safe_mode";
+static const char * k_pch_Driver_LoadPriority_Int32 = "loadPriority";
+static const char * k_pch_WebInterface_Section = "WebInterface";
+static const char * k_pch_VRWebHelper_Section = "VRWebHelper";
+static const char * k_pch_VRWebHelper_DebuggerEnabled_Bool = "DebuggerEnabled";
+static const char * k_pch_VRWebHelper_DebuggerPort_Int32 = "DebuggerPort";
+static const char * k_pch_TrackingOverride_Section = "TrackingOverrides";
+static const char * k_pch_App_BindingAutosaveURLSuffix_String = "AutosaveURL";
+static const char * k_pch_App_BindingLegacyAPISuffix_String = "_legacy";
+static const char * k_pch_App_BindingSteamVRInputAPISuffix_String = "_steamvrinput";
+static const char * k_pch_App_BindingCurrentURLSuffix_String = "CurrentURL";
+static const char * k_pch_App_BindingPreviousURLSuffix_String = "PreviousURL";
+static const char * k_pch_App_NeedToUpdateAutosaveSuffix_Bool = "NeedToUpdateAutosave";
+static const char * k_pch_App_DominantHand_Int32 = "DominantHand";
+static const char * k_pch_App_BlockOculusSDK_Bool = "blockOculusSDK";
+static const char * k_pch_Trackers_Section = "trackers";
+static const char * k_pch_DesktopUI_Section = "DesktopUI";
+static const char * k_pch_LastKnown_Section = "LastKnown";
+static const char * k_pch_LastKnown_HMDManufacturer_String = "HMDManufacturer";
+static const char * k_pch_LastKnown_HMDModel_String = "HMDModel";
+static const char * k_pch_DismissedWarnings_Section = "DismissedWarnings";
+static const char * k_pch_Input_Section = "input";
+static const char * k_pch_Input_LeftThumbstickRotation_Float = "leftThumbstickRotation";
+static const char * k_pch_Input_RightThumbstickRotation_Float = "rightThumbstickRotation";
+static const char * k_pch_Input_ThumbstickDeadzone_Float = "thumbstickDeadzone";
+static const char * k_pch_GpuSpeed_Section = "GpuSpeed";
+static const char * IVRScreenshots_Version = "IVRScreenshots_001";
+static const char * IVRResources_Version = "IVRResources_001";
+static const char * IVRDriverManager_Version = "IVRDriverManager_001";
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxActionNameLength = 64;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxActionSetNameLength = 64;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxActionOriginCount = 16;
+static const unsigned long k_unMaxBoneNameLength = 32;
+static const int k_nActionSetOverlayGlobalPriorityMin = 16777216;
+static const int k_nActionSetOverlayGlobalPriorityMax = 33554431;
+static const int k_nActionSetPriorityReservedMin = 33554432;
+static const char * IVRInput_Version = "IVRInput_010";
+static const unsigned long long k_ulInvalidIOBufferHandle = 0;
+static const char * IVRIOBuffer_Version = "IVRIOBuffer_002";
+static const unsigned long k_ulInvalidSpatialAnchorHandle = 0;
+static const char * IVRSpatialAnchors_Version = "IVRSpatialAnchors_001";
+static const char * IVRDebug_Version = "IVRDebug_001";
+static const unsigned long long k_ulDisplayRedirectContainer = 25769803779;
+static const char * IVRProperties_Version = "IVRProperties_001";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserHandRight = "/user/hand/right";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserHandLeft = "/user/hand/left";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserHandPrimary = "/user/hand/primary";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserHandSecondary = "/user/hand/secondary";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserHead = "/user/head";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserGamepad = "/user/gamepad";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserTreadmill = "/user/treadmill";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserStylus = "/user/stylus";
+static const char * k_pchPathDevices = "/devices";
+static const char * k_pchPathDevicePath = "/device_path";
+static const char * k_pchPathBestAliasPath = "/best_alias_path";
+static const char * k_pchPathBoundTrackerAliasPath = "/bound_tracker_path";
+static const char * k_pchPathBoundTrackerRole = "/bound_tracker_role";
+static const char * k_pchPathPoseRaw = "/pose/raw";
+static const char * k_pchPathPoseTip = "/pose/tip";
+static const char * k_pchPathPoseGrip = "/pose/grip";
+static const char * k_pchPathSystemButtonClick = "/input/system/click";
+static const char * k_pchPathProximity = "/proximity";
+static const char * k_pchPathControllerTypePrefix = "/controller_type/";
+static const char * k_pchPathInputProfileSuffix = "/input_profile";
+static const char * k_pchPathBindingNameSuffix = "/binding_name";
+static const char * k_pchPathBindingUrlSuffix = "/binding_url";
+static const char * k_pchPathBindingErrorSuffix = "/binding_error";
+static const char * k_pchPathActiveActionSets = "/active_action_sets";
+static const char * k_pchPathComponentUpdates = "/total_component_updates";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserFootLeft = "/user/foot/left";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserFootRight = "/user/foot/right";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserShoulderLeft = "/user/shoulder/left";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserShoulderRight = "/user/shoulder/right";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserElbowLeft = "/user/elbow/left";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserElbowRight = "/user/elbow/right";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserKneeLeft = "/user/knee/left";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserKneeRight = "/user/knee/right";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserWaist = "/user/waist";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserChest = "/user/chest";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserCamera = "/user/camera";
+static const char * k_pchPathUserKeyboard = "/user/keyboard";
+static const char * k_pchPathClientAppKey = "/client_info/app_key";
+static const unsigned long long k_ulInvalidPathHandle = 0;
+static const char * IVRPaths_Version = "IVRPaths_001";
+static const char * IVRBlockQueue_Version = "IVRBlockQueue_004";
+
+// OpenVR Enums
+
+typedef enum EVREye
+{
+	EVREye_Eye_Left = 0,
+	EVREye_Eye_Right = 1,
+} EVREye;
+
+typedef enum ETextureType
+{
+	ETextureType_TextureType_Invalid = -1,
+	ETextureType_TextureType_DirectX = 0,
+	ETextureType_TextureType_OpenGL = 1,
+	ETextureType_TextureType_Vulkan = 2,
+	ETextureType_TextureType_IOSurface = 3,
+	ETextureType_TextureType_DirectX12 = 4,
+	ETextureType_TextureType_DXGISharedHandle = 5,
+	ETextureType_TextureType_Metal = 6,
+} ETextureType;
+
+typedef enum EColorSpace
+{
+	EColorSpace_ColorSpace_Auto = 0,
+	EColorSpace_ColorSpace_Gamma = 1,
+	EColorSpace_ColorSpace_Linear = 2,
+} EColorSpace;
+
+typedef enum ETrackingResult
+{
+	ETrackingResult_TrackingResult_Uninitialized = 1,
+	ETrackingResult_TrackingResult_Calibrating_InProgress = 100,
+	ETrackingResult_TrackingResult_Calibrating_OutOfRange = 101,
+	ETrackingResult_TrackingResult_Running_OK = 200,
+	ETrackingResult_TrackingResult_Running_OutOfRange = 201,
+	ETrackingResult_TrackingResult_Fallback_RotationOnly = 300,
+} ETrackingResult;
+
+typedef enum ETrackedDeviceClass
+{
+	ETrackedDeviceClass_TrackedDeviceClass_Invalid = 0,
+	ETrackedDeviceClass_TrackedDeviceClass_HMD = 1,
+	ETrackedDeviceClass_TrackedDeviceClass_Controller = 2,
+	ETrackedDeviceClass_TrackedDeviceClass_GenericTracker = 3,
+	ETrackedDeviceClass_TrackedDeviceClass_TrackingReference = 4,
+	ETrackedDeviceClass_TrackedDeviceClass_DisplayRedirect = 5,
+	ETrackedDeviceClass_TrackedDeviceClass_Max = 6,
+} ETrackedDeviceClass;
+
+typedef enum ETrackedControllerRole
+{
+	ETrackedControllerRole_TrackedControllerRole_Invalid = 0,
+	ETrackedControllerRole_TrackedControllerRole_LeftHand = 1,
+	ETrackedControllerRole_TrackedControllerRole_RightHand = 2,
+	ETrackedControllerRole_TrackedControllerRole_OptOut = 3,
+	ETrackedControllerRole_TrackedControllerRole_Treadmill = 4,
+	ETrackedControllerRole_TrackedControllerRole_Stylus = 5,
+	ETrackedControllerRole_TrackedControllerRole_Max = 5,
+} ETrackedControllerRole;
+
+typedef enum ETrackingUniverseOrigin
+{
+	ETrackingUniverseOrigin_TrackingUniverseSeated = 0,
+	ETrackingUniverseOrigin_TrackingUniverseStanding = 1,
+	ETrackingUniverseOrigin_TrackingUniverseRawAndUncalibrated = 2,
+} ETrackingUniverseOrigin;
+
+typedef enum EAdditionalRadioFeatures
+{
+	EAdditionalRadioFeatures_AdditionalRadioFeatures_None = 0,
+	EAdditionalRadioFeatures_AdditionalRadioFeatures_HTCLinkBox = 1,
+	EAdditionalRadioFeatures_AdditionalRadioFeatures_InternalDongle = 2,
+	EAdditionalRadioFeatures_AdditionalRadioFeatures_ExternalDongle = 4,
+} EAdditionalRadioFeatures;
+
+typedef enum ETrackedDeviceProperty
+{
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Invalid = 0,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_TrackingSystemName_String = 1000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ModelNumber_String = 1001,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_SerialNumber_String = 1002,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_RenderModelName_String = 1003,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_WillDriftInYaw_Bool = 1004,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ManufacturerName_String = 1005,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_TrackingFirmwareVersion_String = 1006,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HardwareRevision_String = 1007,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_AllWirelessDongleDescriptions_String = 1008,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ConnectedWirelessDongle_String = 1009,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DeviceIsWireless_Bool = 1010,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DeviceIsCharging_Bool = 1011,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DeviceBatteryPercentage_Float = 1012,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_StatusDisplayTransform_Matrix34 = 1013,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Firmware_UpdateAvailable_Bool = 1014,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdate_Bool = 1015,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdateURL_String = 1016,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HardwareRevision_Uint64 = 1017,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_FirmwareVersion_Uint64 = 1018,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_FPGAVersion_Uint64 = 1019,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_VRCVersion_Uint64 = 1020,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_RadioVersion_Uint64 = 1021,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DongleVersion_Uint64 = 1022,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_BlockServerShutdown_Bool = 1023,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CanUnifyCoordinateSystemWithHmd_Bool = 1024,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ContainsProximitySensor_Bool = 1025,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DeviceProvidesBatteryStatus_Bool = 1026,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DeviceCanPowerOff_Bool = 1027,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Firmware_ProgrammingTarget_String = 1028,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DeviceClass_Int32 = 1029,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HasCamera_Bool = 1030,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverVersion_String = 1031,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Firmware_ForceUpdateRequired_Bool = 1032,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ViveSystemButtonFixRequired_Bool = 1033,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ParentDriver_Uint64 = 1034,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ResourceRoot_String = 1035,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_RegisteredDeviceType_String = 1036,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_InputProfilePath_String = 1037,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NeverTracked_Bool = 1038,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NumCameras_Int32 = 1039,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraFrameLayout_Int32 = 1040,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraStreamFormat_Int32 = 1041,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_AdditionalDeviceSettingsPath_String = 1042,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Identifiable_Bool = 1043,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_BootloaderVersion_Uint64 = 1044,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_AdditionalSystemReportData_String = 1045,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CompositeFirmwareVersion_String = 1046,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Firmware_RemindUpdate_Bool = 1047,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_PeripheralApplicationVersion_Uint64 = 1048,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ManufacturerSerialNumber_String = 1049,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ComputedSerialNumber_String = 1050,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_EstimatedDeviceFirstUseTime_Int32 = 1051,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ReportsTimeSinceVSync_Bool = 2000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_SecondsFromVsyncToPhotons_Float = 2001,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayFrequency_Float = 2002,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_UserIpdMeters_Float = 2003,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CurrentUniverseId_Uint64 = 2004,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_PreviousUniverseId_Uint64 = 2005,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayFirmwareVersion_Uint64 = 2006,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_IsOnDesktop_Bool = 2007,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCType_Int32 = 2008,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCOffset_Float = 2009,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCScale_Float = 2010,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_EdidVendorID_Int32 = 2011,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCImageLeft_String = 2012,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCImageRight_String = 2013,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayGCBlackClamp_Float = 2014,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_EdidProductID_Int32 = 2015,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraToHeadTransform_Matrix34 = 2016,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayGCType_Int32 = 2017,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayGCOffset_Float = 2018,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayGCScale_Float = 2019,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayGCPrescale_Float = 2020,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayGCImage_String = 2021,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_LensCenterLeftU_Float = 2022,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_LensCenterLeftV_Float = 2023,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_LensCenterRightU_Float = 2024,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_LensCenterRightV_Float = 2025,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_UserHeadToEyeDepthMeters_Float = 2026,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraFirmwareVersion_Uint64 = 2027,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraFirmwareDescription_String = 2028,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayFPGAVersion_Uint64 = 2029,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayBootloaderVersion_Uint64 = 2030,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayHardwareVersion_Uint64 = 2031,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_AudioFirmwareVersion_Uint64 = 2032,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraCompatibilityMode_Int32 = 2033,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ScreenshotHorizontalFieldOfViewDegrees_Float = 2034,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ScreenshotVerticalFieldOfViewDegrees_Float = 2035,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplaySuppressed_Bool = 2036,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayAllowNightMode_Bool = 2037,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCImageWidth_Int32 = 2038,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCImageHeight_Int32 = 2039,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCImageNumChannels_Int32 = 2040,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMCImageData_Binary = 2041,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_SecondsFromPhotonsToVblank_Float = 2042,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverDirectModeSendsVsyncEvents_Bool = 2043,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayDebugMode_Bool = 2044,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_GraphicsAdapterLuid_Uint64 = 2045,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverProvidedChaperonePath_String = 2048,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ExpectedTrackingReferenceCount_Int32 = 2049,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ExpectedControllerCount_Int32 = 2050,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathControllerLeftDeviceOff_String = 2051,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathControllerRightDeviceOff_String = 2052,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathTrackingReferenceDeviceOff_String = 2053,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DoNotApplyPrediction_Bool = 2054,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraToHeadTransforms_Matrix34_Array = 2055,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DistortionMeshResolution_Int32 = 2056,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverIsDrawingControllers_Bool = 2057,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestsApplicationPause_Bool = 2058,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestsReducedRendering_Bool = 2059,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_MinimumIpdStepMeters_Float = 2060,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_AudioBridgeFirmwareVersion_Uint64 = 2061,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ImageBridgeFirmwareVersion_Uint64 = 2062,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ImuToHeadTransform_Matrix34 = 2063,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ImuFactoryGyroBias_Vector3 = 2064,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ImuFactoryGyroScale_Vector3 = 2065,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ImuFactoryAccelerometerBias_Vector3 = 2066,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ImuFactoryAccelerometerScale_Vector3 = 2067,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ConfigurationIncludesLighthouse20Features_Bool = 2069,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_AdditionalRadioFeatures_Uint64 = 2070,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraWhiteBalance_Vector4_Array = 2071,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraDistortionFunction_Int32_Array = 2072,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraDistortionCoefficients_Float_Array = 2073,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ExpectedControllerType_String = 2074,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HmdTrackingStyle_Int32 = 2075,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverProvidedChaperoneVisibility_Bool = 2076,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HmdColumnCorrectionSettingPrefix_String = 2077,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraSupportsCompatibilityModes_Bool = 2078,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_SupportsRoomViewDepthProjection_Bool = 2079,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayAvailableFrameRates_Float_Array = 2080,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplaySupportsMultipleFramerates_Bool = 2081,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayColorMultLeft_Vector3 = 2082,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayColorMultRight_Vector3 = 2083,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplaySupportsRuntimeFramerateChange_Bool = 2084,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplaySupportsAnalogGain_Bool = 2085,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMinAnalogGain_Float = 2086,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayMaxAnalogGain_Float = 2087,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraExposureTime_Float = 2088,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CameraGlobalGain_Float = 2089,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DashboardScale_Float = 2091,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_IpdUIRangeMinMeters_Float = 2100,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_IpdUIRangeMaxMeters_Float = 2101,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Hmd_SupportsHDCP14LegacyCompat_Bool = 2102,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Hmd_SupportsMicMonitoring_Bool = 2103,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraCorrectionMode_Int32 = 2200,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerLeft_Int32 = 2201,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerRight_Int32 = 2202,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerTop_Int32 = 2203,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerBottom_Int32 = 2204,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterLeft_Int32 = 2205,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterRight_Int32 = 2206,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterTop_Int32 = 2207,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterBottom_Int32 = 2208,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Audio_DefaultPlaybackDeviceId_String = 2300,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Audio_DefaultRecordingDeviceId_String = 2301,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Audio_DefaultPlaybackDeviceVolume_Float = 2302,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Audio_SupportsDualSpeakerAndJackOutput_Bool = 2303,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_AttachedDeviceId_String = 3000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_SupportedButtons_Uint64 = 3001,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Axis0Type_Int32 = 3002,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Axis1Type_Int32 = 3003,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Axis2Type_Int32 = 3004,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Axis3Type_Int32 = 3005,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Axis4Type_Int32 = 3006,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ControllerRoleHint_Int32 = 3007,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_FieldOfViewLeftDegrees_Float = 4000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_FieldOfViewRightDegrees_Float = 4001,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_FieldOfViewTopDegrees_Float = 4002,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_FieldOfViewBottomDegrees_Float = 4003,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_TrackingRangeMinimumMeters_Float = 4004,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_TrackingRangeMaximumMeters_Float = 4005,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ModeLabel_String = 4006,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_CanWirelessIdentify_Bool = 4007,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_Nonce_Int32 = 4008,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_IconPathName_String = 5000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceOff_String = 5001,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceSearching_String = 5002,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceSearchingAlert_String = 5003,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceReady_String = 5004,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceReadyAlert_String = 5005,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceNotReady_String = 5006,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceStandby_String = 5007,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceAlertLow_String = 5008,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceStandbyAlert_String = 5009,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayHiddenArea_Binary_Start = 5100,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_DisplayHiddenArea_Binary_End = 5150,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ParentContainer = 5151,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_OverrideContainer_Uint64 = 5152,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_UserConfigPath_String = 6000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_InstallPath_String = 6001,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HasDisplayComponent_Bool = 6002,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HasControllerComponent_Bool = 6003,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HasCameraComponent_Bool = 6004,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HasDriverDirectModeComponent_Bool = 6005,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HasVirtualDisplayComponent_Bool = 6006,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_HasSpatialAnchorsSupport_Bool = 6007,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ControllerType_String = 7000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_ControllerHandSelectionPriority_Int32 = 7002,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_VendorSpecific_Reserved_Start = 10000,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_VendorSpecific_Reserved_End = 10999,
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty_Prop_TrackedDeviceProperty_Max = 1000000,
+} ETrackedDeviceProperty;
+
+typedef enum ETrackedPropertyError
+{
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_Success = 0,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_WrongDataType = 1,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_WrongDeviceClass = 2,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_BufferTooSmall = 3,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_UnknownProperty = 4,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_InvalidDevice = 5,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_CouldNotContactServer = 6,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_ValueNotProvidedByDevice = 7,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_StringExceedsMaximumLength = 8,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_NotYetAvailable = 9,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_PermissionDenied = 10,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_InvalidOperation = 11,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_CannotWriteToWildcards = 12,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_IPCReadFailure = 13,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_OutOfMemory = 14,
+	ETrackedPropertyError_TrackedProp_InvalidContainer = 15,
+} ETrackedPropertyError;
+
+typedef enum EHmdTrackingStyle
+{
+	EHmdTrackingStyle_HmdTrackingStyle_Unknown = 0,
+	EHmdTrackingStyle_HmdTrackingStyle_Lighthouse = 1,
+	EHmdTrackingStyle_HmdTrackingStyle_OutsideInCameras = 2,
+	EHmdTrackingStyle_HmdTrackingStyle_InsideOutCameras = 3,
+} EHmdTrackingStyle;
+
+typedef enum EVRSubmitFlags
+{
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_Default = 0,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_LensDistortionAlreadyApplied = 1,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_GlRenderBuffer = 2,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_Reserved = 4,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_TextureWithPose = 8,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_TextureWithDepth = 16,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_FrameDiscontinuty = 32,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_VulkanTextureWithArrayData = 64,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_GlArrayTexture = 128,
+	EVRSubmitFlags_Submit_Reserved2 = 32768,
+} EVRSubmitFlags;
+
+typedef enum EVRState
+{
+	EVRState_VRState_Undefined = -1,
+	EVRState_VRState_Off = 0,
+	EVRState_VRState_Searching = 1,
+	EVRState_VRState_Searching_Alert = 2,
+	EVRState_VRState_Ready = 3,
+	EVRState_VRState_Ready_Alert = 4,
+	EVRState_VRState_NotReady = 5,
+	EVRState_VRState_Standby = 6,
+	EVRState_VRState_Ready_Alert_Low = 7,
+} EVRState;
+
+typedef enum EVREventType
+{
+	EVREventType_VREvent_None = 0,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedDeviceActivated = 100,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedDeviceDeactivated = 101,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedDeviceUpdated = 102,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionStarted = 103,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionEnded = 104,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_IpdChanged = 105,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_EnterStandbyMode = 106,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_LeaveStandbyMode = 107,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedDeviceRoleChanged = 108,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_WatchdogWakeUpRequested = 109,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_LensDistortionChanged = 110,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_PropertyChanged = 111,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_WirelessDisconnect = 112,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_WirelessReconnect = 113,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ButtonPress = 200,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ButtonUnpress = 201,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ButtonTouch = 202,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ButtonUntouch = 203,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Modal_Cancel = 257,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_MouseMove = 300,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_MouseButtonDown = 301,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_MouseButtonUp = 302,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_FocusEnter = 303,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_FocusLeave = 304,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ScrollDiscrete = 305,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TouchPadMove = 306,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_OverlayFocusChanged = 307,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ReloadOverlays = 308,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ScrollSmooth = 309,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_LockMousePosition = 310,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_UnlockMousePosition = 311,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_InputFocusCaptured = 400,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_InputFocusReleased = 401,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SceneApplicationChanged = 404,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SceneFocusChanged = 405,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_InputFocusChanged = 406,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SceneApplicationUsingWrongGraphicsAdapter = 408,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ActionBindingReloaded = 409,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_HideRenderModels = 410,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ShowRenderModels = 411,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SceneApplicationStateChanged = 412,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ConsoleOpened = 420,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ConsoleClosed = 421,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_OverlayShown = 500,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_OverlayHidden = 501,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DashboardActivated = 502,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DashboardDeactivated = 503,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DashboardRequested = 505,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ResetDashboard = 506,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ImageLoaded = 508,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ShowKeyboard = 509,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_HideKeyboard = 510,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_OverlayGamepadFocusGained = 511,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_OverlayGamepadFocusLost = 512,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_OverlaySharedTextureChanged = 513,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ScreenshotTriggered = 516,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ImageFailed = 517,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DashboardOverlayCreated = 518,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SwitchGamepadFocus = 519,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_RequestScreenshot = 520,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ScreenshotTaken = 521,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ScreenshotFailed = 522,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SubmitScreenshotToDashboard = 523,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ScreenshotProgressToDashboard = 524,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_PrimaryDashboardDeviceChanged = 525,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_RoomViewShown = 526,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_RoomViewHidden = 527,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ShowUI = 528,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ShowDevTools = 529,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DesktopViewUpdating = 530,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DesktopViewReady = 531,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Notification_Shown = 600,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Notification_Hidden = 601,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Notification_BeginInteraction = 602,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Notification_Destroyed = 603,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Quit = 700,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ProcessQuit = 701,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_QuitAcknowledged = 703,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DriverRequestedQuit = 704,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_RestartRequested = 705,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ChaperoneDataHasChanged = 800,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ChaperoneUniverseHasChanged = 801,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ChaperoneTempDataHasChanged = 802,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ChaperoneSettingsHaveChanged = 803,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset = 804,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ChaperoneFlushCache = 805,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ChaperoneRoomSetupStarting = 806,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ChaperoneRoomSetupFinished = 807,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_StandingZeroPoseReset = 808,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_AudioSettingsHaveChanged = 820,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_BackgroundSettingHasChanged = 850,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_CameraSettingsHaveChanged = 851,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ReprojectionSettingHasChanged = 852,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ModelSkinSettingsHaveChanged = 853,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_EnvironmentSettingsHaveChanged = 854,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_PowerSettingsHaveChanged = 855,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_EnableHomeAppSettingsHaveChanged = 856,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SteamVRSectionSettingChanged = 857,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_LighthouseSectionSettingChanged = 858,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_NullSectionSettingChanged = 859,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_UserInterfaceSectionSettingChanged = 860,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_NotificationsSectionSettingChanged = 861,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_KeyboardSectionSettingChanged = 862,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_PerfSectionSettingChanged = 863,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DashboardSectionSettingChanged = 864,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_WebInterfaceSectionSettingChanged = 865,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackersSectionSettingChanged = 866,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_LastKnownSectionSettingChanged = 867,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_DismissedWarningsSectionSettingChanged = 868,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_GpuSpeedSectionSettingChanged = 869,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_WindowsMRSectionSettingChanged = 870,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_OtherSectionSettingChanged = 871,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_StatusUpdate = 900,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_WebInterface_InstallDriverCompleted = 950,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_MCImageUpdated = 1000,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_FirmwareUpdateStarted = 1100,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_FirmwareUpdateFinished = 1101,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_KeyboardClosed = 1200,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_KeyboardCharInput = 1201,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_KeyboardDone = 1202,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ApplicationListUpdated = 1303,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ApplicationMimeTypeLoad = 1304,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ProcessConnected = 1306,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_ProcessDisconnected = 1307,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_ChaperoneBoundsShown = 1410,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_ChaperoneBoundsHidden = 1411,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_DisplayDisconnected = 1412,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_DisplayReconnected = 1413,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_HDCPError = 1414,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_ApplicationNotResponding = 1415,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_ApplicationResumed = 1416,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_OutOfVideoMemory = 1417,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_DisplayModeNotSupported = 1418,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Compositor_StageOverrideReady = 1419,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedCamera_StartVideoStream = 1500,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedCamera_StopVideoStream = 1501,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedCamera_PauseVideoStream = 1502,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedCamera_ResumeVideoStream = 1503,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_TrackedCamera_EditingSurface = 1550,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_PerformanceTest_EnableCapture = 1600,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_PerformanceTest_DisableCapture = 1601,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_PerformanceTest_FidelityLevel = 1602,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_MessageOverlay_Closed = 1650,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_MessageOverlayCloseRequested = 1651,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_HapticVibration = 1700,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_BindingLoadFailed = 1701,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_BindingLoadSuccessful = 1702,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_ActionManifestReloaded = 1703,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_ActionManifestLoadFailed = 1704,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_ProgressUpdate = 1705,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_TrackerActivated = 1706,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_BindingsUpdated = 1707,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Input_BindingSubscriptionChanged = 1708,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SpatialAnchors_PoseUpdated = 1800,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SpatialAnchors_DescriptorUpdated = 1801,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestPoseUpdate = 1802,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestDescriptorUpdate = 1803,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_SystemReport_Started = 1900,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Monitor_ShowHeadsetView = 2000,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_Monitor_HideHeadsetView = 2001,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_Start = 10000,
+	EVREventType_VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_End = 19999,
+} EVREventType;
+
+typedef enum EDeviceActivityLevel
+{
+	EDeviceActivityLevel_k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Unknown = -1,
+	EDeviceActivityLevel_k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Idle = 0,
+	EDeviceActivityLevel_k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction = 1,
+	EDeviceActivityLevel_k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction_Timeout = 2,
+	EDeviceActivityLevel_k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Standby = 3,
+	EDeviceActivityLevel_k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Idle_Timeout = 4,
+} EDeviceActivityLevel;
+
+typedef enum EVRButtonId
+{
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_System = 0,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_ApplicationMenu = 1,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Grip = 2,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_DPad_Left = 3,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_DPad_Up = 4,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_DPad_Right = 5,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_DPad_Down = 6,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_A = 7,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_ProximitySensor = 31,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Axis0 = 32,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Axis1 = 33,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Axis2 = 34,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Axis3 = 35,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Axis4 = 36,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_SteamVR_Touchpad = 32,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_SteamVR_Trigger = 33,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Dashboard_Back = 2,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_IndexController_A = 2,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_IndexController_B = 1,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_IndexController_JoyStick = 35,
+	EVRButtonId_k_EButton_Max = 64,
+} EVRButtonId;
+
+typedef enum EVRMouseButton
+{
+	EVRMouseButton_VRMouseButton_Left = 1,
+	EVRMouseButton_VRMouseButton_Right = 2,
+	EVRMouseButton_VRMouseButton_Middle = 4,
+} EVRMouseButton;
+
+typedef enum EShowUIType
+{
+	EShowUIType_ShowUI_ControllerBinding = 0,
+	EShowUIType_ShowUI_ManageTrackers = 1,
+	EShowUIType_ShowUI_Pairing = 3,
+	EShowUIType_ShowUI_Settings = 4,
+	EShowUIType_ShowUI_DebugCommands = 5,
+	EShowUIType_ShowUI_FullControllerBinding = 6,
+	EShowUIType_ShowUI_ManageDrivers = 7,
+} EShowUIType;
+
+typedef enum EHDCPError
+{
+	EHDCPError_HDCPError_None = 0,
+	EHDCPError_HDCPError_LinkLost = 1,
+	EHDCPError_HDCPError_Tampered = 2,
+	EHDCPError_HDCPError_DeviceRevoked = 3,
+	EHDCPError_HDCPError_Unknown = 4,
+} EHDCPError;
+
+typedef enum EVRComponentProperty
+{
+	EVRComponentProperty_VRComponentProperty_IsStatic = 1,
+	EVRComponentProperty_VRComponentProperty_IsVisible = 2,
+	EVRComponentProperty_VRComponentProperty_IsTouched = 4,
+	EVRComponentProperty_VRComponentProperty_IsPressed = 8,
+	EVRComponentProperty_VRComponentProperty_IsScrolled = 16,
+	EVRComponentProperty_VRComponentProperty_IsHighlighted = 32,
+} EVRComponentProperty;
+
+typedef enum EVRInputError
+{
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_None = 0,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_NameNotFound = 1,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_WrongType = 2,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidHandle = 3,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidParam = 4,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_NoSteam = 5,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_MaxCapacityReached = 6,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_IPCError = 7,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_NoActiveActionSet = 8,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidDevice = 9,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidSkeleton = 10,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidBoneCount = 11,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidCompressedData = 12,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_NoData = 13,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_BufferTooSmall = 14,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_MismatchedActionManifest = 15,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_MissingSkeletonData = 16,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidBoneIndex = 17,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidPriority = 18,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_PermissionDenied = 19,
+	EVRInputError_VRInputError_InvalidRenderModel = 20,
+} EVRInputError;
+
+typedef enum EVRSpatialAnchorError
+{
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_Success = 0,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_Internal = 1,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_UnknownHandle = 2,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_ArrayTooSmall = 3,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_InvalidDescriptorChar = 4,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_NotYetAvailable = 5,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_NotAvailableInThisUniverse = 6,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_PermanentlyUnavailable = 7,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_WrongDriver = 8,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_DescriptorTooLong = 9,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_Unknown = 10,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_NoRoomCalibration = 11,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_InvalidArgument = 12,
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError_VRSpatialAnchorError_UnknownDriver = 13,
+} EVRSpatialAnchorError;
+
+typedef enum EHiddenAreaMeshType
+{
+	EHiddenAreaMeshType_k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Standard = 0,
+	EHiddenAreaMeshType_k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Inverse = 1,
+	EHiddenAreaMeshType_k_eHiddenAreaMesh_LineLoop = 2,
+	EHiddenAreaMeshType_k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Max = 3,
+} EHiddenAreaMeshType;
+
+typedef enum EVRControllerAxisType
+{
+	EVRControllerAxisType_k_eControllerAxis_None = 0,
+	EVRControllerAxisType_k_eControllerAxis_TrackPad = 1,
+	EVRControllerAxisType_k_eControllerAxis_Joystick = 2,
+	EVRControllerAxisType_k_eControllerAxis_Trigger = 3,
+} EVRControllerAxisType;
+
+typedef enum EVRControllerEventOutputType
+{
+	EVRControllerEventOutputType_ControllerEventOutput_OSEvents = 0,
+	EVRControllerEventOutputType_ControllerEventOutput_VREvents = 1,
+} EVRControllerEventOutputType;
+
+typedef enum ECollisionBoundsStyle
+{
+	ECollisionBoundsStyle_COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_BEGINNER = 0,
+	ECollisionBoundsStyle_COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_INTERMEDIATE = 1,
+	ECollisionBoundsStyle_COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_SQUARES = 2,
+	ECollisionBoundsStyle_COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_ADVANCED = 3,
+	ECollisionBoundsStyle_COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_NONE = 4,
+	ECollisionBoundsStyle_COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_COUNT = 5,
+} ECollisionBoundsStyle;
+
+typedef enum EVROverlayError
+{
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_None = 0,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_UnknownOverlay = 10,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_InvalidHandle = 11,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_PermissionDenied = 12,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_OverlayLimitExceeded = 13,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_WrongVisibilityType = 14,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_KeyTooLong = 15,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_NameTooLong = 16,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_KeyInUse = 17,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_WrongTransformType = 18,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_InvalidTrackedDevice = 19,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_InvalidParameter = 20,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_ThumbnailCantBeDestroyed = 21,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_ArrayTooSmall = 22,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_RequestFailed = 23,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_InvalidTexture = 24,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_UnableToLoadFile = 25,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_KeyboardAlreadyInUse = 26,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_NoNeighbor = 27,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_TooManyMaskPrimitives = 29,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_BadMaskPrimitive = 30,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_TextureAlreadyLocked = 31,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_TextureLockCapacityReached = 32,
+	EVROverlayError_VROverlayError_TextureNotLocked = 33,
+} EVROverlayError;
+
+typedef enum EVRApplicationType
+{
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Other = 0,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Scene = 1,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Overlay = 2,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Background = 3,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Utility = 4,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_VRMonitor = 5,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_SteamWatchdog = 6,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Bootstrapper = 7,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_WebHelper = 8,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_OpenXRInstance = 9,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_OpenXRScene = 10,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_OpenXROverlay = 11,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Prism = 12,
+	EVRApplicationType_VRApplication_Max = 13,
+} EVRApplicationType;
+
+typedef enum EVRFirmwareError
+{
+	EVRFirmwareError_VRFirmwareError_None = 0,
+	EVRFirmwareError_VRFirmwareError_Success = 1,
+	EVRFirmwareError_VRFirmwareError_Fail = 2,
+} EVRFirmwareError;
+
+typedef enum EVRNotificationError
+{
+	EVRNotificationError_VRNotificationError_OK = 0,
+	EVRNotificationError_VRNotificationError_InvalidNotificationId = 100,
+	EVRNotificationError_VRNotificationError_NotificationQueueFull = 101,
+	EVRNotificationError_VRNotificationError_InvalidOverlayHandle = 102,
+	EVRNotificationError_VRNotificationError_SystemWithUserValueAlreadyExists = 103,
+} EVRNotificationError;
+
+typedef enum EVRSkeletalMotionRange
+{
+	EVRSkeletalMotionRange_VRSkeletalMotionRange_WithController = 0,
+	EVRSkeletalMotionRange_VRSkeletalMotionRange_WithoutController = 1,
+} EVRSkeletalMotionRange;
+
+typedef enum EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel
+{
+	EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel_VRSkeletalTracking_Estimated = 0,
+	EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel_VRSkeletalTracking_Partial = 1,
+	EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel_VRSkeletalTracking_Full = 2,
+	EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel_VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Count = 3,
+	EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel_VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Max = 2,
+} EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel;
+
+typedef enum EVRInitError
+{
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_None = 0,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Unknown = 1,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_InstallationNotFound = 100,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_InstallationCorrupt = 101,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRClientDLLNotFound = 102,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_FileNotFound = 103,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_FactoryNotFound = 104,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound = 105,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_InvalidInterface = 106,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_UserConfigDirectoryInvalid = 107,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFound = 108,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_NotInitialized = 109,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotFound = 110,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_NoConfigPath = 111,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_NoLogPath = 112,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotWritable = 113,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_AppInfoInitFailed = 114,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_Retry = 115,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_InitCanceledByUser = 116,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_AnotherAppLaunching = 117,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_SettingsInitFailed = 118,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_ShuttingDown = 119,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_TooManyObjects = 120,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_NoServerForBackgroundApp = 121,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_NotSupportedWithCompositor = 122,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToUtilityApps = 123,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_Internal = 124,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_HmdDriverIdIsNone = 125,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFoundPresenceFailed = 126,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorNotFound = 127,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorStartupFailed = 128,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_LowPowerWatchdogNotSupported = 129,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_InvalidApplicationType = 130,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToWatchdogApps = 131,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_WatchdogDisabledInSettings = 132,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardNotFound = 133,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardStartupFailed = 134,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRHomeNotFound = 135,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRHomeStartupFailed = 136,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_RebootingBusy = 137,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_FirmwareUpdateBusy = 138,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_FirmwareRecoveryBusy = 139,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_USBServiceBusy = 140,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRWebHelperStartupFailed = 141,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_TrackerManagerInitFailed = 142,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_AlreadyRunning = 143,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_FailedForVrMonitor = 144,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_PropertyManagerInitFailed = 145,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_WebServerFailed = 146,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_IllegalTypeTransition = 147,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_MismatchedRuntimes = 148,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_InvalidProcessId = 149,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_VRServiceStartupFailed = 150,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_PrismNeedsNewDrivers = 151,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_PrismStartupTimedOut = 152,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_CouldNotStartPrism = 153,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_CreateDriverDirectDeviceFailed = 154,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Init_PrismExitedUnexpectedly = 155,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_Failed = 200,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_Unknown = 201,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_HmdUnknown = 202,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_NotLoaded = 203,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_RuntimeOutOfDate = 204,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_HmdInUse = 205,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_NotCalibrated = 206,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_CalibrationInvalid = 207,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFound = 208,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_TrackedDeviceInterfaceUnknown = 209,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_HmdDriverIdOutOfBounds = 211,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayMirrored = 212,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundLaptop = 213,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_ServerInitFailed = 300,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailed = 301,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_SharedStateInitFailed = 302,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInitFailed = 303,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_MutexInitFailed = 304,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_Failed = 305,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_CompositorConnectFailed = 306,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInvalidConnectResponse = 307,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterMultipleAttempts = 308,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterTargetExited = 309,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_IPC_NamespaceUnavailable = 310,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_Failed = 400,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11HardwareRequired = 401,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FirmwareRequiresUpdate = 402,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_OverlayInitFailed = 403,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_ScreenshotsInitFailed = 404,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_UnableToCreateDevice = 405,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_SharedStateIsNull = 406,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_NotificationManagerIsNull = 407,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_ResourceManagerClientIsNull = 408,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_MessageOverlaySharedStateInitFailure = 409,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_PropertiesInterfaceIsNull = 410,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFullscreenWindowFailed = 411,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_SettingsInterfaceIsNull = 412,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToShowWindow = 413,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_DistortInterfaceIsNull = 414,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayFrequencyFailure = 415,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_RendererInitializationFailed = 416,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryInterfaceIsNull = 417,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryCreateFailed = 418,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryQueryFailed = 419,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidAdapterDesktop = 420,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdAttachment = 421,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidOutputDesktop = 422,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidDeviceProvided = 423,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11RendererInitializationFailed = 424,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToFindDisplayMode = 425,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateSwapChain = 426,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetBackBuffer = 427,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateRenderTarget = 428,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2SwapChain = 429,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedtoGetDXGI2BackBuffer = 430,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2RenderTarget = 431,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetDXGIDeviceInterface = 432,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_SelectDisplayMode = 433,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateNvAPIRenderTargets = 434,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_NvAPISetDisplayMode = 435,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDirectModeDisplay = 436,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdPropertyContainer = 437,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_UpdateDisplayFrequency = 438,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateRasterizerState = 439,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateWireframeRasterizerState = 440,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSamplerState = 441,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateClampToBorderSamplerState = 442,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAnisoSamplerState = 443,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlaySamplerState = 444,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanoramaSamplerState = 445,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFontSamplerState = 446,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateNoBlendState = 447,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendState = 448,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAlphaBlendState = 449,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskR = 450,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskG = 451,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskB = 452,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilState = 453,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoWrite = 454,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoDepth = 455,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFlushTexture = 456,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDistortionSurfaces = 457,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateConstantBuffer = 458,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseConstantBuffer = 459,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseStagingConstantBuffer = 460,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSharedFrameInfoConstantBuffer = 461,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayConstantBuffer = 462,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer = 463,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateReadableSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer = 464,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerGraphicsTextureIndexConstantBuffer = 465,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeTextureIndexConstantBuffer = 466,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer = 467,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeHmdPoseConstantBuffer = 468,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateGeomConstantBuffer = 469,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanelMaskConstantBuffer = 470,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePixelSimUBO = 471,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMSAARenderTextures = 472,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateResolveRenderTextures = 473,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeResolveRenderTextures = 474,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDriverDirectModeResolveTextures = 475,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_OpenDriverDirectModeResolveTextures = 476,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFallbackSyncTexture = 477,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_ShareFallbackSyncTexture = 478,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayIndexBuffer = 479,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayVertexBuffer = 480,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextVertexBuffer = 481,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextIndexBuffer = 482,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorTextures = 483,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLastFrameRenderTexture = 484,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorOverlay = 485,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateVirtualDisplayBackbuffer = 486,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayModeNotSupported = 487,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayInvalidCall = 488,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayAlreadyInitialized = 489,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateMailbox = 490,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_WindowInterfaceIsNull = 491,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateInstance = 492,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateSession = 493,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_UnableToConnectToOculusRuntime = 1000,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_WindowsNotInDevMode = 1001,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantOpenDevice = 1101,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToRequestConfigStart = 1102,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_NoStoredConfig = 1103,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooBig = 1104,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooSmall = 1105,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToInitZLib = 1106,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantReadFirmwareVersion = 1107,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToSendUserDataStart = 1108,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataStart = 1109,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataNext = 1110,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataAddressRange = 1111,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataError = 1112,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigFailedSanityCheck = 1113,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_VendorSpecific_OculusRuntimeBadInstall = 1114,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_Steam_SteamInstallationNotFound = 2000,
+	EVRInitError_VRInitError_LastError = 2001,
+} EVRInitError;
+
+typedef enum EVRScreenshotType
+{
+	EVRScreenshotType_VRScreenshotType_None = 0,
+	EVRScreenshotType_VRScreenshotType_Mono = 1,
+	EVRScreenshotType_VRScreenshotType_Stereo = 2,
+	EVRScreenshotType_VRScreenshotType_Cubemap = 3,
+	EVRScreenshotType_VRScreenshotType_MonoPanorama = 4,
+	EVRScreenshotType_VRScreenshotType_StereoPanorama = 5,
+} EVRScreenshotType;
+
+typedef enum EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames
+{
+	EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_VRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_Preview = 0,
+	EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_VRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_VR = 1,
+} EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames;
+
+typedef enum EVRTrackedCameraError
+{
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_None = 0,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_OperationFailed = 100,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidHandle = 101,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidFrameHeaderVersion = 102,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_OutOfHandles = 103,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_IPCFailure = 104,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_NotSupportedForThisDevice = 105,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_SharedMemoryFailure = 106,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_FrameBufferingFailure = 107,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_StreamSetupFailure = 108,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidGLTextureId = 109,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidSharedTextureHandle = 110,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_FailedToGetGLTextureId = 111,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_SharedTextureFailure = 112,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_NoFrameAvailable = 113,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidArgument = 114,
+	EVRTrackedCameraError_VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidFrameBufferSize = 115,
+} EVRTrackedCameraError;
+
+typedef enum EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout
+{
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_Mono = 1,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_Stereo = 2,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_VerticalLayout = 16,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_HorizontalLayout = 32,
+} EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout;
+
+typedef enum EVRTrackedCameraFrameType
+{
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameType_VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Distorted = 0,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameType_VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Undistorted = 1,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameType_VRTrackedCameraFrameType_MaximumUndistorted = 2,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameType_MAX_CAMERA_FRAME_TYPES = 3,
+} EVRTrackedCameraFrameType;
+
+typedef enum EVRDistortionFunctionType
+{
+	EVRDistortionFunctionType_VRDistortionFunctionType_None = 0,
+	EVRDistortionFunctionType_VRDistortionFunctionType_FTheta = 1,
+	EVRDistortionFunctionType_VRDistortionFunctionType_Extended_FTheta = 2,
+	EVRDistortionFunctionType_MAX_DISTORTION_FUNCTION_TYPES = 3,
+} EVRDistortionFunctionType;
+
+typedef enum EVSync
+{
+	EVSync_VSync_None = 0,
+	EVSync_VSync_WaitRender = 1,
+	EVSync_VSync_NoWaitRender = 2,
+} EVSync;
+
+typedef enum EVRMuraCorrectionMode
+{
+	EVRMuraCorrectionMode_Default = 0,
+	EVRMuraCorrectionMode_NoCorrection = 1,
+} EVRMuraCorrectionMode;
+
+typedef enum Imu_OffScaleFlags
+{
+	Imu_OffScaleFlags_OffScale_AccelX = 1,
+	Imu_OffScaleFlags_OffScale_AccelY = 2,
+	Imu_OffScaleFlags_OffScale_AccelZ = 4,
+	Imu_OffScaleFlags_OffScale_GyroX = 8,
+	Imu_OffScaleFlags_OffScale_GyroY = 16,
+	Imu_OffScaleFlags_OffScale_GyroZ = 32,
+} Imu_OffScaleFlags;
+
+typedef enum EVRApplicationError
+{
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_None = 0,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_AppKeyAlreadyExists = 100,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_NoManifest = 101,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_NoApplication = 102,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_InvalidIndex = 103,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_UnknownApplication = 104,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_IPCFailed = 105,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_ApplicationAlreadyRunning = 106,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_InvalidManifest = 107,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_InvalidApplication = 108,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_LaunchFailed = 109,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_ApplicationAlreadyStarting = 110,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_LaunchInProgress = 111,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_OldApplicationQuitting = 112,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_TransitionAborted = 113,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_IsTemplate = 114,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_SteamVRIsExiting = 115,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_BufferTooSmall = 200,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_PropertyNotSet = 201,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_UnknownProperty = 202,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_InvalidParameter = 203,
+	EVRApplicationError_VRApplicationError_NotImplemented = 300,
+} EVRApplicationError;
+
+typedef enum EVRApplicationProperty
+{
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_Name_String = 0,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_LaunchType_String = 11,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_WorkingDirectory_String = 12,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_BinaryPath_String = 13,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_Arguments_String = 14,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_URL_String = 15,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_Description_String = 50,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_NewsURL_String = 51,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_ImagePath_String = 52,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_Source_String = 53,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_ActionManifestURL_String = 54,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_IsDashboardOverlay_Bool = 60,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_IsTemplate_Bool = 61,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_IsInstanced_Bool = 62,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_IsInternal_Bool = 63,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_WantsCompositorPauseInStandby_Bool = 64,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_IsHidden_Bool = 65,
+	EVRApplicationProperty_VRApplicationProperty_LastLaunchTime_Uint64 = 70,
+} EVRApplicationProperty;
+
+typedef enum EVRSceneApplicationState
+{
+	EVRSceneApplicationState_None = 0,
+	EVRSceneApplicationState_Starting = 1,
+	EVRSceneApplicationState_Quitting = 2,
+	EVRSceneApplicationState_Running = 3,
+	EVRSceneApplicationState_Waiting = 4,
+} EVRSceneApplicationState;
+
+typedef enum ChaperoneCalibrationState
+{
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_OK = 1,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning = 100,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning_BaseStationMayHaveMoved = 101,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning_BaseStationRemoved = 102,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Warning_SeatedBoundsInvalid = 103,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error = 200,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_BaseStationUninitialized = 201,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_BaseStationConflict = 202,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_PlayAreaInvalid = 203,
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState_Error_CollisionBoundsInvalid = 204,
+} ChaperoneCalibrationState;
+
+typedef enum EChaperoneConfigFile
+{
+	EChaperoneConfigFile_Live = 1,
+	EChaperoneConfigFile_Temp = 2,
+} EChaperoneConfigFile;
+
+typedef enum EChaperoneImportFlags
+{
+	EChaperoneImportFlags_EChaperoneImport_BoundsOnly = 1,
+} EChaperoneImportFlags;
+
+typedef enum EVRCompositorError
+{
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_None = 0,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_RequestFailed = 1,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_IncompatibleVersion = 100,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_DoNotHaveFocus = 101,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_InvalidTexture = 102,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_IsNotSceneApplication = 103,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_TextureIsOnWrongDevice = 104,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_TextureUsesUnsupportedFormat = 105,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_SharedTexturesNotSupported = 106,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_IndexOutOfRange = 107,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_AlreadySubmitted = 108,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_InvalidBounds = 109,
+	EVRCompositorError_VRCompositorError_AlreadySet = 110,
+} EVRCompositorError;
+
+typedef enum EVRCompositorTimingMode
+{
+	EVRCompositorTimingMode_VRCompositorTimingMode_Implicit = 0,
+	EVRCompositorTimingMode_VRCompositorTimingMode_Explicit_RuntimePerformsPostPresentHandoff = 1,
+	EVRCompositorTimingMode_VRCompositorTimingMode_Explicit_ApplicationPerformsPostPresentHandoff = 2,
+} EVRCompositorTimingMode;
+
+typedef enum VROverlayInputMethod
+{
+	VROverlayInputMethod_None = 0,
+	VROverlayInputMethod_Mouse = 1,
+} VROverlayInputMethod;
+
+typedef enum VROverlayTransformType
+{
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_Invalid = -1,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_Absolute = 0,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_TrackedDeviceRelative = 1,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_SystemOverlay = 2,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_TrackedComponent = 3,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_Cursor = 4,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_DashboardTab = 5,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_DashboardThumb = 6,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_Mountable = 7,
+	VROverlayTransformType_VROverlayTransform_Projection = 8,
+} VROverlayTransformType;
+
+typedef enum VROverlayFlags
+{
+	VROverlayFlags_NoDashboardTab = 8,
+	VROverlayFlags_SendVRDiscreteScrollEvents = 64,
+	VROverlayFlags_SendVRTouchpadEvents = 128,
+	VROverlayFlags_ShowTouchPadScrollWheel = 256,
+	VROverlayFlags_TransferOwnershipToInternalProcess = 512,
+	VROverlayFlags_SideBySide_Parallel = 1024,
+	VROverlayFlags_SideBySide_Crossed = 2048,
+	VROverlayFlags_Panorama = 4096,
+	VROverlayFlags_StereoPanorama = 8192,
+	VROverlayFlags_SortWithNonSceneOverlays = 16384,
+	VROverlayFlags_VisibleInDashboard = 32768,
+	VROverlayFlags_MakeOverlaysInteractiveIfVisible = 65536,
+	VROverlayFlags_SendVRSmoothScrollEvents = 131072,
+	VROverlayFlags_ProtectedContent = 262144,
+	VROverlayFlags_HideLaserIntersection = 524288,
+	VROverlayFlags_WantsModalBehavior = 1048576,
+	VROverlayFlags_IsPremultiplied = 2097152,
+} VROverlayFlags;
+
+typedef enum VRMessageOverlayResponse
+{
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_0 = 0,
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_1 = 1,
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_2 = 2,
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse_ButtonPress_3 = 3,
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse_CouldntFindSystemOverlay = 4,
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse_CouldntFindOrCreateClientOverlay = 5,
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse_ApplicationQuit = 6,
+} VRMessageOverlayResponse;
+
+typedef enum EGamepadTextInputMode
+{
+	EGamepadTextInputMode_k_EGamepadTextInputModeNormal = 0,
+	EGamepadTextInputMode_k_EGamepadTextInputModePassword = 1,
+	EGamepadTextInputMode_k_EGamepadTextInputModeSubmit = 2,
+} EGamepadTextInputMode;
+
+typedef enum EGamepadTextInputLineMode
+{
+	EGamepadTextInputLineMode_k_EGamepadTextInputLineModeSingleLine = 0,
+	EGamepadTextInputLineMode_k_EGamepadTextInputLineModeMultipleLines = 1,
+} EGamepadTextInputLineMode;
+
+typedef enum EVROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitiveType
+{
+	EVROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitiveType_OverlayIntersectionPrimitiveType_Rectangle = 0,
+	EVROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitiveType_OverlayIntersectionPrimitiveType_Circle = 1,
+} EVROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitiveType;
+
+typedef enum EKeyboardFlags
+{
+	EKeyboardFlags_KeyboardFlag_Minimal = 1,
+	EKeyboardFlags_KeyboardFlag_Modal = 2,
+} EKeyboardFlags;
+
+typedef enum EDeviceType
+{
+	EDeviceType_DeviceType_Invalid = -1,
+	EDeviceType_DeviceType_DirectX11 = 0,
+	EDeviceType_DeviceType_Vulkan = 1,
+} EDeviceType;
+
+typedef enum HeadsetViewMode_t
+{
+	HeadsetViewMode_t_HeadsetViewMode_Left = 0,
+	HeadsetViewMode_t_HeadsetViewMode_Right = 1,
+	HeadsetViewMode_t_HeadsetViewMode_Both = 2,
+} HeadsetViewMode_t;
+
+typedef enum EVRRenderModelError
+{
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_None = 0,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_Loading = 100,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_NotSupported = 200,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_InvalidArg = 300,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_InvalidModel = 301,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_NoShapes = 302,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_MultipleShapes = 303,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_TooManyVertices = 304,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_MultipleTextures = 305,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_BufferTooSmall = 306,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_NotEnoughNormals = 307,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_NotEnoughTexCoords = 308,
+	EVRRenderModelError_VRRenderModelError_InvalidTexture = 400,
+} EVRRenderModelError;
+
+typedef enum EVRRenderModelTextureFormat
+{
+	EVRRenderModelTextureFormat_VRRenderModelTextureFormat_RGBA8_SRGB = 0,
+	EVRRenderModelTextureFormat_VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC2 = 1,
+	EVRRenderModelTextureFormat_VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC4 = 2,
+	EVRRenderModelTextureFormat_VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC7 = 3,
+	EVRRenderModelTextureFormat_VRRenderModelTextureFormat_BC7_SRGB = 4,
+} EVRRenderModelTextureFormat;
+
+typedef enum EVRNotificationType
+{
+	EVRNotificationType_Transient = 0,
+	EVRNotificationType_Persistent = 1,
+	EVRNotificationType_Transient_SystemWithUserValue = 2,
+} EVRNotificationType;
+
+typedef enum EVRNotificationStyle
+{
+	EVRNotificationStyle_None = 0,
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Application = 100,
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Contact_Disabled = 200,
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Contact_Enabled = 201,
+	EVRNotificationStyle_Contact_Active = 202,
+} EVRNotificationStyle;
+
+typedef enum EVRSettingsError
+{
+	EVRSettingsError_VRSettingsError_None = 0,
+	EVRSettingsError_VRSettingsError_IPCFailed = 1,
+	EVRSettingsError_VRSettingsError_WriteFailed = 2,
+	EVRSettingsError_VRSettingsError_ReadFailed = 3,
+	EVRSettingsError_VRSettingsError_JsonParseFailed = 4,
+	EVRSettingsError_VRSettingsError_UnsetSettingHasNoDefault = 5,
+} EVRSettingsError;
+
+typedef enum EVRScreenshotError
+{
+	EVRScreenshotError_VRScreenshotError_None = 0,
+	EVRScreenshotError_VRScreenshotError_RequestFailed = 1,
+	EVRScreenshotError_VRScreenshotError_IncompatibleVersion = 100,
+	EVRScreenshotError_VRScreenshotError_NotFound = 101,
+	EVRScreenshotError_VRScreenshotError_BufferTooSmall = 102,
+	EVRScreenshotError_VRScreenshotError_ScreenshotAlreadyInProgress = 108,
+} EVRScreenshotError;
+
+typedef enum EVRSkeletalTransformSpace
+{
+	EVRSkeletalTransformSpace_VRSkeletalTransformSpace_Model = 0,
+	EVRSkeletalTransformSpace_VRSkeletalTransformSpace_Parent = 1,
+} EVRSkeletalTransformSpace;
+
+typedef enum EVRSkeletalReferencePose
+{
+	EVRSkeletalReferencePose_VRSkeletalReferencePose_BindPose = 0,
+	EVRSkeletalReferencePose_VRSkeletalReferencePose_OpenHand = 1,
+	EVRSkeletalReferencePose_VRSkeletalReferencePose_Fist = 2,
+	EVRSkeletalReferencePose_VRSkeletalReferencePose_GripLimit = 3,
+} EVRSkeletalReferencePose;
+
+typedef enum EVRFinger
+{
+	EVRFinger_VRFinger_Thumb = 0,
+	EVRFinger_VRFinger_Index = 1,
+	EVRFinger_VRFinger_Middle = 2,
+	EVRFinger_VRFinger_Ring = 3,
+	EVRFinger_VRFinger_Pinky = 4,
+	EVRFinger_VRFinger_Count = 5,
+} EVRFinger;
+
+typedef enum EVRFingerSplay
+{
+	EVRFingerSplay_VRFingerSplay_Thumb_Index = 0,
+	EVRFingerSplay_VRFingerSplay_Index_Middle = 1,
+	EVRFingerSplay_VRFingerSplay_Middle_Ring = 2,
+	EVRFingerSplay_VRFingerSplay_Ring_Pinky = 3,
+	EVRFingerSplay_VRFingerSplay_Count = 4,
+} EVRFingerSplay;
+
+typedef enum EVRSummaryType
+{
+	EVRSummaryType_VRSummaryType_FromAnimation = 0,
+	EVRSummaryType_VRSummaryType_FromDevice = 1,
+} EVRSummaryType;
+
+typedef enum EVRInputFilterCancelType
+{
+	EVRInputFilterCancelType_VRInputFilterCancel_Timers = 0,
+	EVRInputFilterCancelType_VRInputFilterCancel_Momentum = 1,
+} EVRInputFilterCancelType;
+
+typedef enum EVRInputStringBits
+{
+	EVRInputStringBits_VRInputString_Hand = 1,
+	EVRInputStringBits_VRInputString_ControllerType = 2,
+	EVRInputStringBits_VRInputString_InputSource = 4,
+	EVRInputStringBits_VRInputString_All = -1,
+} EVRInputStringBits;
+
+typedef enum EIOBufferError
+{
+	EIOBufferError_IOBuffer_Success = 0,
+	EIOBufferError_IOBuffer_OperationFailed = 100,
+	EIOBufferError_IOBuffer_InvalidHandle = 101,
+	EIOBufferError_IOBuffer_InvalidArgument = 102,
+	EIOBufferError_IOBuffer_PathExists = 103,
+	EIOBufferError_IOBuffer_PathDoesNotExist = 104,
+	EIOBufferError_IOBuffer_Permission = 105,
+} EIOBufferError;
+
+typedef enum EIOBufferMode
+{
+	EIOBufferMode_IOBufferMode_Read = 1,
+	EIOBufferMode_IOBufferMode_Write = 2,
+	EIOBufferMode_IOBufferMode_Create = 512,
+} EIOBufferMode;
+
+typedef enum EVRDebugError
+{
+	EVRDebugError_VRDebugError_Success = 0,
+	EVRDebugError_VRDebugError_BadParameter = 1,
+} EVRDebugError;
+
+typedef enum EPropertyWriteType
+{
+	EPropertyWriteType_PropertyWrite_Set = 0,
+	EPropertyWriteType_PropertyWrite_Erase = 1,
+	EPropertyWriteType_PropertyWrite_SetError = 2,
+} EPropertyWriteType;
+
+typedef enum EBlockQueueError
+{
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_None = 0,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_QueueAlreadyExists = 1,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_QueueNotFound = 2,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_BlockNotAvailable = 3,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_InvalidHandle = 4,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_InvalidParam = 5,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_ParamMismatch = 6,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_InternalError = 7,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_AlreadyInitialized = 8,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_OperationIsServerOnly = 9,
+	EBlockQueueError_BlockQueueError_TooManyConnections = 10,
+} EBlockQueueError;
+
+typedef enum EBlockQueueReadType
+{
+	EBlockQueueReadType_BlockQueueRead_Latest = 0,
+	EBlockQueueReadType_BlockQueueRead_New = 1,
+	EBlockQueueReadType_BlockQueueRead_Next = 2,
+} EBlockQueueReadType;
+
+
+// OpenVR typedefs
+
+typedef uint32_t TrackedDeviceIndex_t;
+typedef uint32_t VRNotificationId;
+typedef uint64_t VROverlayHandle_t;
+
+typedef uint32_t SpatialAnchorHandle_t;
+typedef void * glSharedTextureHandle_t;
+typedef int32_t glInt_t;
+typedef uint32_t glUInt_t;
+typedef uint64_t SharedTextureHandle_t;
+typedef uint32_t DriverId_t;
+typedef uint32_t TrackedDeviceIndex_t;
+typedef uint64_t WebConsoleHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t PropertyContainerHandle_t;
+typedef uint32_t PropertyTypeTag_t;
+typedef PropertyContainerHandle_t DriverHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRActionHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRActionSetHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRInputValueHandle_t;
+typedef uint32_t VRComponentProperties;
+typedef uint64_t VROverlayHandle_t;
+typedef int32_t BoneIndex_t;
+typedef uint64_t TrackedCameraHandle_t;
+typedef uint32_t ScreenshotHandle_t;
+typedef int32_t TextureID_t;
+typedef uint32_t VRNotificationId;
+typedef uint64_t IOBufferHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VrProfilerEventHandle_t;
+typedef EVRInitError HmdError;
+typedef EVREye Hmd_Eye;
+typedef EColorSpace ColorSpace;
+typedef ETrackingResult HmdTrackingResult;
+typedef ETrackedDeviceClass TrackedDeviceClass;
+typedef ETrackingUniverseOrigin TrackingUniverseOrigin;
+typedef ETrackedDeviceProperty TrackedDeviceProperty;
+typedef ETrackedPropertyError TrackedPropertyError;
+typedef EVRSubmitFlags VRSubmitFlags_t;
+typedef EVRState VRState_t;
+typedef ECollisionBoundsStyle CollisionBoundsStyle_t;
+typedef EVROverlayError VROverlayError;
+typedef EVRFirmwareError VRFirmwareError;
+typedef EVRCompositorError VRCompositorError;
+typedef EVRScreenshotError VRScreenshotsError;
+typedef uint64_t PathHandle_t;
+
+// OpenVR Structs
+
+typedef struct HmdMatrix34_t
+{
+	float m[3][4]; //float[3][4]
+} HmdMatrix34_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdMatrix33_t
+{
+	float m[3][3]; //float[3][3]
+} HmdMatrix33_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdMatrix44_t
+{
+	float m[4][4]; //float[4][4]
+} HmdMatrix44_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdVector3_t
+{
+	float v[3]; //float[3]
+} HmdVector3_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdVector4_t
+{
+	float v[4]; //float[4]
+} HmdVector4_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdVector3d_t
+{
+	double v[3]; //double[3]
+} HmdVector3d_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdVector2_t
+{
+	float v[2]; //float[2]
+} HmdVector2_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdQuaternion_t
+{
+	double w;
+	double x;
+	double y;
+	double z;
+} HmdQuaternion_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdQuaternionf_t
+{
+	float w;
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	float z;
+} HmdQuaternionf_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdColor_t
+{
+	float r;
+	float g;
+	float b;
+	float a;
+} HmdColor_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdQuad_t
+{
+	struct HmdVector3_t vCorners[4]; //struct vr::HmdVector3_t[4]
+} HmdQuad_t;
+
+typedef struct HmdRect2_t
+{
+	struct HmdVector2_t vTopLeft;
+	struct HmdVector2_t vBottomRight;
+} HmdRect2_t;
+
+typedef struct VRBoneTransform_t
+{
+	struct HmdVector4_t position;
+	struct HmdQuaternionf_t orientation;
+} VRBoneTransform_t;
+
+typedef struct DistortionCoordinates_t
+{
+	float rfRed[2]; //float[2]
+	float rfGreen[2]; //float[2]
+	float rfBlue[2]; //float[2]
+} DistortionCoordinates_t;
+
+typedef struct Texture_t
+{
+	void * handle; // void *
+	enum ETextureType eType;
+	enum EColorSpace eColorSpace;
+} Texture_t;
+
+typedef struct TrackedDevicePose_t
+{
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking;
+	struct HmdVector3_t vVelocity;
+	struct HmdVector3_t vAngularVelocity;
+	enum ETrackingResult eTrackingResult;
+	bool bPoseIsValid;
+	bool bDeviceIsConnected;
+} TrackedDevicePose_t;
+
+typedef struct VRTextureBounds_t
+{
+	float uMin;
+	float vMin;
+	float uMax;
+	float vMax;
+} VRTextureBounds_t;
+
+typedef struct VRTextureWithPose_t
+{
+	void * handle; // void *
+	enum ETextureType eType;
+	enum EColorSpace eColorSpace;
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking;
+} VRTextureWithPose_t;
+
+typedef struct VRTextureDepthInfo_t
+{
+	void * handle; // void *
+	struct HmdMatrix44_t mProjection;
+	struct HmdVector2_t vRange;
+} VRTextureDepthInfo_t;
+
+typedef struct VRTextureWithDepth_t
+{
+	void * handle; // void *
+	enum ETextureType eType;
+	enum EColorSpace eColorSpace;
+	struct VRTextureDepthInfo_t depth;
+} VRTextureWithDepth_t;
+
+typedef struct VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t
+{
+	void * handle; // void *
+	enum ETextureType eType;
+	enum EColorSpace eColorSpace;
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking;
+	struct VRTextureDepthInfo_t depth;
+} VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t;
+
+typedef struct VRVulkanTextureData_t
+{
+	uint64_t m_nImage;
+	struct VkDevice_T * m_pDevice; // struct VkDevice_T *
+	struct VkPhysicalDevice_T * m_pPhysicalDevice; // struct VkPhysicalDevice_T *
+	struct VkInstance_T * m_pInstance; // struct VkInstance_T *
+	struct VkQueue_T * m_pQueue; // struct VkQueue_T *
+	uint32_t m_nQueueFamilyIndex;
+	uint32_t m_nWidth;
+	uint32_t m_nHeight;
+	uint32_t m_nFormat;
+	uint32_t m_nSampleCount;
+} VRVulkanTextureData_t;
+
+typedef struct VRVulkanTextureArrayData_t
+{
+	uint32_t m_unArrayIndex;
+	uint32_t m_unArraySize;
+} VRVulkanTextureArrayData_t;
+
+typedef struct D3D12TextureData_t
+{
+	struct ID3D12Resource * m_pResource; // struct ID3D12Resource *
+	struct ID3D12CommandQueue * m_pCommandQueue; // struct ID3D12CommandQueue *
+	uint32_t m_nNodeMask;
+} D3D12TextureData_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Controller_t
+{
+	uint32_t button;
+} VREvent_Controller_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Mouse_t
+{
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	uint32_t button;
+} VREvent_Mouse_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Scroll_t
+{
+	float xdelta;
+	float ydelta;
+	uint32_t unused;
+	float viewportscale;
+} VREvent_Scroll_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_TouchPadMove_t
+{
+	bool bFingerDown;
+	float flSecondsFingerDown;
+	float fValueXFirst;
+	float fValueYFirst;
+	float fValueXRaw;
+	float fValueYRaw;
+} VREvent_TouchPadMove_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Notification_t
+{
+	uint64_t ulUserValue;
+	uint32_t notificationId;
+} VREvent_Notification_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Process_t
+{
+	uint32_t pid;
+	uint32_t oldPid;
+	bool bForced;
+	bool bConnectionLost;
+} VREvent_Process_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Overlay_t
+{
+	uint64_t overlayHandle;
+	uint64_t devicePath;
+	uint64_t memoryBlockId;
+} VREvent_Overlay_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Status_t
+{
+	uint32_t statusState;
+} VREvent_Status_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Keyboard_t
+{
+	char cNewInput[8]; //char[8]
+	uint64_t uUserValue;
+} VREvent_Keyboard_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Ipd_t
+{
+	float ipdMeters;
+} VREvent_Ipd_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Chaperone_t
+{
+	uint64_t m_nPreviousUniverse;
+	uint64_t m_nCurrentUniverse;
+} VREvent_Chaperone_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Reserved_t
+{
+	uint64_t reserved0;
+	uint64_t reserved1;
+	uint64_t reserved2;
+	uint64_t reserved3;
+	uint64_t reserved4;
+	uint64_t reserved5;
+} VREvent_Reserved_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_PerformanceTest_t
+{
+	uint32_t m_nFidelityLevel;
+} VREvent_PerformanceTest_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset_t
+{
+	bool bResetBySystemMenu;
+} VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Screenshot_t
+{
+	uint32_t handle;
+	uint32_t type;
+} VREvent_Screenshot_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_ScreenshotProgress_t
+{
+	float progress;
+} VREvent_ScreenshotProgress_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_ApplicationLaunch_t
+{
+	uint32_t pid;
+	uint32_t unArgsHandle;
+} VREvent_ApplicationLaunch_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_EditingCameraSurface_t
+{
+	uint64_t overlayHandle;
+	uint32_t nVisualMode;
+} VREvent_EditingCameraSurface_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_MessageOverlay_t
+{
+	uint32_t unVRMessageOverlayResponse;
+} VREvent_MessageOverlay_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_Property_t
+{
+	PropertyContainerHandle_t container;
+	enum ETrackedDeviceProperty prop;
+} VREvent_Property_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_HapticVibration_t
+{
+	uint64_t containerHandle;
+	uint64_t componentHandle;
+	float fDurationSeconds;
+	float fFrequency;
+	float fAmplitude;
+} VREvent_HapticVibration_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_WebConsole_t
+{
+	WebConsoleHandle_t webConsoleHandle;
+} VREvent_WebConsole_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_InputBindingLoad_t
+{
+	PropertyContainerHandle_t ulAppContainer;
+	uint64_t pathMessage;
+	uint64_t pathUrl;
+	uint64_t pathControllerType;
+} VREvent_InputBindingLoad_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_InputActionManifestLoad_t
+{
+	uint64_t pathAppKey;
+	uint64_t pathMessage;
+	uint64_t pathMessageParam;
+	uint64_t pathManifestPath;
+} VREvent_InputActionManifestLoad_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_SpatialAnchor_t
+{
+	SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle;
+} VREvent_SpatialAnchor_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_ProgressUpdate_t
+{
+	uint64_t ulApplicationPropertyContainer;
+	uint64_t pathDevice;
+	uint64_t pathInputSource;
+	uint64_t pathProgressAction;
+	uint64_t pathIcon;
+	float fProgress;
+} VREvent_ProgressUpdate_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_ShowUI_t
+{
+	enum EShowUIType eType;
+} VREvent_ShowUI_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_ShowDevTools_t
+{
+	int32_t nBrowserIdentifier;
+} VREvent_ShowDevTools_t;
+
+typedef struct VREvent_HDCPError_t
+{
+	enum EHDCPError eCode;
+} VREvent_HDCPError_t;
+
+typedef struct RenderModel_ComponentState_t
+{
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t mTrackingToComponentRenderModel;
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t mTrackingToComponentLocal;
+	VRComponentProperties uProperties;
+} RenderModel_ComponentState_t;
+
+typedef struct HiddenAreaMesh_t
+{
+	struct HmdVector2_t * pVertexData; // const struct vr::HmdVector2_t *
+	uint32_t unTriangleCount;
+} HiddenAreaMesh_t;
+
+typedef struct VRControllerAxis_t
+{
+	float x;
+	float y;
+} VRControllerAxis_t;
+
+typedef struct VRControllerState_t
+{
+	uint32_t unPacketNum;
+	uint64_t ulButtonPressed;
+	uint64_t ulButtonTouched;
+	struct VRControllerAxis_t rAxis[5]; //struct vr::VRControllerAxis_t[5]
+} VRControllerState_t;
+
+typedef struct CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t
+{
+	enum EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType;
+	uint32_t nWidth;
+	uint32_t nHeight;
+	uint32_t nBytesPerPixel;
+	uint32_t nFrameSequence;
+	struct TrackedDevicePose_t trackedDevicePose;
+	uint64_t ulFrameExposureTime;
+} CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t;
+
+typedef struct Compositor_FrameTiming
+{
+	uint32_t m_nSize;
+	uint32_t m_nFrameIndex;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents;
+	uint32_t m_nNumMisPresented;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames;
+	uint32_t m_nReprojectionFlags;
+	double m_flSystemTimeInSeconds;
+	float m_flPreSubmitGpuMs;
+	float m_flPostSubmitGpuMs;
+	float m_flTotalRenderGpuMs;
+	float m_flCompositorRenderGpuMs;
+	float m_flCompositorRenderCpuMs;
+	float m_flCompositorIdleCpuMs;
+	float m_flClientFrameIntervalMs;
+	float m_flPresentCallCpuMs;
+	float m_flWaitForPresentCpuMs;
+	float m_flSubmitFrameMs;
+	float m_flWaitGetPosesCalledMs;
+	float m_flNewPosesReadyMs;
+	float m_flNewFrameReadyMs;
+	float m_flCompositorUpdateStartMs;
+	float m_flCompositorUpdateEndMs;
+	float m_flCompositorRenderStartMs;
+	TrackedDevicePose_t m_HmdPose;
+	uint32_t m_nNumVSyncsReadyForUse;
+	uint32_t m_nNumVSyncsToFirstView;
+} Compositor_FrameTiming;
+
+typedef struct Compositor_BenchmarkResults
+{
+	float m_flMegaPixelsPerSecond;
+	float m_flHmdRecommendedMegaPixelsPerSecond;
+} Compositor_BenchmarkResults;
+
+typedef struct DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming
+{
+	uint32_t m_nSize;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents;
+	uint32_t m_nNumMisPresented;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames;
+	uint32_t m_nReprojectionFlags;
+} DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming;
+
+typedef struct ImuSample_t
+{
+	double fSampleTime;
+	struct HmdVector3d_t vAccel;
+	struct HmdVector3d_t vGyro;
+	uint32_t unOffScaleFlags;
+} ImuSample_t;
+
+typedef struct AppOverrideKeys_t
+{
+	char * pchKey; // const char *
+	char * pchValue; // const char *
+} AppOverrideKeys_t;
+
+typedef struct Compositor_CumulativeStats
+{
+	uint32_t m_nPid;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames;
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFrames;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresentsOnStartup;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFramesOnStartup;
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFramesOnStartup;
+	uint32_t m_nNumLoading;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresentsLoading;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFramesLoading;
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFramesLoading;
+	uint32_t m_nNumTimedOut;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresentsTimedOut;
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFramesTimedOut;
+	uint32_t m_nNumReprojectedFramesTimedOut;
+} Compositor_CumulativeStats;
+
+typedef struct Compositor_StageRenderSettings
+{
+	struct HmdColor_t m_PrimaryColor;
+	struct HmdColor_t m_SecondaryColor;
+	float m_flVignetteInnerRadius;
+	float m_flVignetteOuterRadius;
+	float m_flFresnelStrength;
+	bool m_bBackfaceCulling;
+	bool m_bGreyscale;
+	bool m_bWireframe;
+} Compositor_StageRenderSettings;
+
+typedef struct VROverlayIntersectionParams_t
+{
+	struct HmdVector3_t vSource;
+	struct HmdVector3_t vDirection;
+	enum ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin;
+} VROverlayIntersectionParams_t;
+
+typedef struct VROverlayIntersectionResults_t
+{
+	struct HmdVector3_t vPoint;
+	struct HmdVector3_t vNormal;
+	struct HmdVector2_t vUVs;
+	float fDistance;
+} VROverlayIntersectionResults_t;
+
+typedef struct IntersectionMaskRectangle_t
+{
+	float m_flTopLeftX;
+	float m_flTopLeftY;
+	float m_flWidth;
+	float m_flHeight;
+} IntersectionMaskRectangle_t;
+
+typedef struct IntersectionMaskCircle_t
+{
+	float m_flCenterX;
+	float m_flCenterY;
+	float m_flRadius;
+} IntersectionMaskCircle_t;
+
+typedef struct VROverlayProjection_t
+{
+	float fLeft;
+	float fRight;
+	float fTop;
+	float fBottom;
+} VROverlayProjection_t;
+
+typedef struct VROverlayView_t
+{
+	VROverlayHandle_t overlayHandle;
+	struct Texture_t texture;
+	struct VRTextureBounds_t textureBounds;
+} VROverlayView_t;
+
+typedef struct VRVulkanDevice_t
+{
+	struct VkInstance_T * m_pInstance; // struct VkInstance_T *
+	struct VkDevice_T * m_pDevice; // struct VkDevice_T *
+	struct VkPhysicalDevice_T * m_pPhysicalDevice; // struct VkPhysicalDevice_T *
+	struct VkQueue_T * m_pQueue; // struct VkQueue_T *
+	uint32_t m_uQueueFamilyIndex;
+} VRVulkanDevice_t;
+
+typedef struct VRNativeDevice_t
+{
+	void * handle; // void *
+	enum EDeviceType eType;
+} VRNativeDevice_t;
+
+typedef struct RenderModel_Vertex_t
+{
+	struct HmdVector3_t vPosition;
+	struct HmdVector3_t vNormal;
+	float rfTextureCoord[2]; //float[2]
+} RenderModel_Vertex_t;
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+typedef struct RenderModel_TextureMap_t
+{
+	uint16_t unWidth;
+	uint16_t unHeight;
+	uint8_t * rubTextureMapData; // const uint8_t *
+	enum EVRRenderModelTextureFormat format;
+} RenderModel_TextureMap_t;
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+typedef struct RenderModel_t
+{
+	struct RenderModel_Vertex_t * rVertexData; // const struct vr::RenderModel_Vertex_t *
+	uint32_t unVertexCount;
+	uint16_t * rIndexData; // const uint16_t *
+	uint32_t unTriangleCount;
+	TextureID_t diffuseTextureId;
+} RenderModel_t;
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+typedef struct RenderModel_ControllerMode_State_t
+{
+	bool bScrollWheelVisible;
+} RenderModel_ControllerMode_State_t;
+
+typedef struct NotificationBitmap_t
+{
+	void * m_pImageData; // void *
+	int32_t m_nWidth;
+	int32_t m_nHeight;
+	int32_t m_nBytesPerPixel;
+} NotificationBitmap_t;
+
+typedef struct CVRSettingHelper
+{
+	intptr_t m_pSettings; // class vr::IVRSettings *
+} CVRSettingHelper;
+
+typedef struct InputAnalogActionData_t
+{
+	bool bActive;
+	VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+	float x;
+	float y;
+	float z;
+	float deltaX;
+	float deltaY;
+	float deltaZ;
+	float fUpdateTime;
+} InputAnalogActionData_t;
+
+typedef struct InputDigitalActionData_t
+{
+	bool bActive;
+	VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+	bool bState;
+	bool bChanged;
+	float fUpdateTime;
+} InputDigitalActionData_t;
+
+typedef struct InputPoseActionData_t
+{
+	bool bActive;
+	VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+	struct TrackedDevicePose_t pose;
+} InputPoseActionData_t;
+
+typedef struct InputSkeletalActionData_t
+{
+	bool bActive;
+	VRInputValueHandle_t activeOrigin;
+} InputSkeletalActionData_t;
+
+typedef struct InputOriginInfo_t
+{
+	VRInputValueHandle_t devicePath;
+	TrackedDeviceIndex_t trackedDeviceIndex;
+	char rchRenderModelComponentName[128]; //char[128]
+} InputOriginInfo_t;
+
+typedef struct InputBindingInfo_t
+{
+	char rchDevicePathName[128]; //char[128]
+	char rchInputPathName[128]; //char[128]
+	char rchModeName[128]; //char[128]
+	char rchSlotName[128]; //char[128]
+	char rchInputSourceType[32]; //char[32]
+} InputBindingInfo_t;
+
+typedef struct VRActiveActionSet_t
+{
+	VRActionSetHandle_t ulActionSet;
+	VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictedToDevice;
+	VRActionSetHandle_t ulSecondaryActionSet;
+	uint32_t unPadding;
+	int32_t nPriority;
+} VRActiveActionSet_t;
+
+typedef struct VRSkeletalSummaryData_t
+{
+	float flFingerCurl[5]; //float[5]
+	float flFingerSplay[4]; //float[4]
+} VRSkeletalSummaryData_t;
+
+typedef struct SpatialAnchorPose_t
+{
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t mAnchorToAbsoluteTracking;
+} SpatialAnchorPose_t;
+
+typedef struct COpenVRContext
+{
+	intptr_t m_pVRSystem; // class vr::IVRSystem *
+	intptr_t m_pVRChaperone; // class vr::IVRChaperone *
+	intptr_t m_pVRChaperoneSetup; // class vr::IVRChaperoneSetup *
+	intptr_t m_pVRCompositor; // class vr::IVRCompositor *
+	intptr_t m_pVRHeadsetView; // class vr::IVRHeadsetView *
+	intptr_t m_pVROverlay; // class vr::IVROverlay *
+	intptr_t m_pVROverlayView; // class vr::IVROverlayView *
+	intptr_t m_pVRResources; // class vr::IVRResources *
+	intptr_t m_pVRRenderModels; // class vr::IVRRenderModels *
+	intptr_t m_pVRExtendedDisplay; // class vr::IVRExtendedDisplay *
+	intptr_t m_pVRSettings; // class vr::IVRSettings *
+	intptr_t m_pVRApplications; // class vr::IVRApplications *
+	intptr_t m_pVRTrackedCamera; // class vr::IVRTrackedCamera *
+	intptr_t m_pVRScreenshots; // class vr::IVRScreenshots *
+	intptr_t m_pVRDriverManager; // class vr::IVRDriverManager *
+	intptr_t m_pVRInput; // class vr::IVRInput *
+	intptr_t m_pVRIOBuffer; // class vr::IVRIOBuffer *
+	intptr_t m_pVRSpatialAnchors; // class vr::IVRSpatialAnchors *
+	intptr_t m_pVRDebug; // class vr::IVRDebug *
+	intptr_t m_pVRNotifications; // class vr::IVRNotifications *
+} COpenVRContext;
+
+typedef struct PropertyWrite_t
+{
+	enum ETrackedDeviceProperty prop;
+	enum EPropertyWriteType writeType;
+	enum ETrackedPropertyError eSetError;
+	void * pvBuffer; // void *
+	uint32_t unBufferSize;
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+	enum ETrackedPropertyError eError;
+} PropertyWrite_t;
+
+typedef struct PropertyRead_t
+{
+	enum ETrackedDeviceProperty prop;
+	void * pvBuffer; // void *
+	uint32_t unBufferSize;
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+	uint32_t unRequiredBufferSize;
+	enum ETrackedPropertyError eError;
+} PropertyRead_t;
+
+typedef struct CVRPropertyHelpers
+{
+	intptr_t m_pProperties; // class vr::IVRProperties *
+} CVRPropertyHelpers;
+
+typedef struct PathWrite_t
+{
+	PathHandle_t ulPath;
+	enum EPropertyWriteType writeType;
+	enum ETrackedPropertyError eSetError;
+	void * pvBuffer; // void *
+	uint32_t unBufferSize;
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+	enum ETrackedPropertyError eError;
+	char * pszPath; // const char *
+} PathWrite_t;
+
+typedef struct PathRead_t
+{
+	PathHandle_t ulPath;
+	void * pvBuffer; // void *
+	uint32_t unBufferSize;
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+	uint32_t unRequiredBufferSize;
+	enum ETrackedPropertyError eError;
+	char * pszPath; // const char *
+} PathRead_t;
+
+
+typedef union
+{
+	VREvent_Reserved_t reserved;
+	VREvent_Controller_t controller;
+	VREvent_Mouse_t mouse;
+	VREvent_Scroll_t scroll;
+	VREvent_Process_t process;
+	VREvent_Notification_t notification;
+	VREvent_Overlay_t overlay;
+	VREvent_Status_t status;
+	VREvent_Keyboard_t keyboard;
+	VREvent_Ipd_t ipd;
+	VREvent_Chaperone_t chaperone;
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_t performanceTest;
+	VREvent_TouchPadMove_t touchPadMove;
+	VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset_t seatedZeroPoseReset;
+	VREvent_Screenshot_t screenshot;
+	VREvent_ScreenshotProgress_t screenshotProgress;
+	VREvent_ApplicationLaunch_t applicationLaunch;
+	VREvent_EditingCameraSurface_t cameraSurface;
+	VREvent_MessageOverlay_t messageOverlay;
+	VREvent_Property_t property;
+	VREvent_HapticVibration_t hapticVibration;
+	VREvent_WebConsole_t webConsole;
+	VREvent_InputBindingLoad_t inputBinding;
+	VREvent_InputActionManifestLoad_t actionManifest;
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchor_t spatialAnchor;
+} VREvent_Data_t;
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__) 
+// This structure was originally defined mis-packed on Linux, preserved for 
+// compatibility. 
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+
+/** An event posted by the server to all running applications */
+struct VREvent_t
+{
+	uint32_t eventType; // EVREventType enum
+	TrackedDeviceIndex_t trackedDeviceIndex;
+	float eventAgeSeconds;
+	// event data must be the end of the struct as its size is variable
+	VREvent_Data_t data;
+};
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__) 
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+
+
+typedef union
+{
+	IntersectionMaskRectangle_t m_Rectangle;
+	IntersectionMaskCircle_t m_Circle;
+} VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_Data_t;
+
+struct VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_t
+{
+	EVROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitiveType m_nPrimitiveType;
+	VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_Data_t m_Primitive;
+};
+
+
+// OpenVR Function Pointer Tables
+
+struct VR_IVRSystem_FnTable
+{
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRecommendedRenderTargetSize)(uint32_t * pnWidth, uint32_t * pnHeight);
+	struct HmdMatrix44_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetProjectionMatrix)(EVREye eEye, float fNearZ, float fFarZ);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetProjectionRaw)(EVREye eEye, float * pfLeft, float * pfRight, float * pfTop, float * pfBottom);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ComputeDistortion)(EVREye eEye, float fU, float fV, struct DistortionCoordinates_t * pDistortionCoordinates);
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetEyeToHeadTransform)(EVREye eEye);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetTimeSinceLastVsync)(float * pfSecondsSinceLastVsync, uint64_t * pulFrameCounter);
+	int32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetD3D9AdapterIndex)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDXGIOutputInfo)(int32_t * pnAdapterIndex);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOutputDevice)(uint64_t * pnDevice, ETextureType textureType, struct VkInstance_T * pInstance);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsDisplayOnDesktop)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetDisplayVisibility)(bool bIsVisibleOnDesktop);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDeviceToAbsoluteTrackingPose)(ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, float fPredictedSecondsToPhotonsFromNow, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pTrackedDevicePoseArray, uint32_t unTrackedDevicePoseArrayCount);
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSeatedZeroPoseToStandingAbsoluteTrackingPose)();
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRawZeroPoseToStandingAbsoluteTrackingPose)();
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSortedTrackedDeviceIndicesOfClass)(ETrackedDeviceClass eTrackedDeviceClass, TrackedDeviceIndex_t * punTrackedDeviceIndexArray, uint32_t unTrackedDeviceIndexArrayCount, TrackedDeviceIndex_t unRelativeToTrackedDeviceIndex);
+	EDeviceActivityLevel (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetTrackedDeviceActivityLevel)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceId);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ApplyTransform)(struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pOutputPose, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pTrackedDevicePose, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pTransform);
+	TrackedDeviceIndex_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetTrackedDeviceIndexForControllerRole)(ETrackedControllerRole unDeviceType);
+	ETrackedControllerRole (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetControllerRoleForTrackedDeviceIndex)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex);
+	ETrackedDeviceClass (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetTrackedDeviceClass)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsTrackedDeviceConnected)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetBoolTrackedDeviceProperty)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError * pError);
+	float (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetFloatTrackedDeviceProperty)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError * pError);
+	int32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetInt32TrackedDeviceProperty)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError * pError);
+	uint64_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetUint64TrackedDeviceProperty)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError * pError);
+	struct HmdMatrix34_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetMatrix34TrackedDeviceProperty)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError * pError);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetArrayTrackedDeviceProperty)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, PropertyTypeTag_t propType, void * pBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, ETrackedPropertyError * pError);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetStringTrackedDeviceProperty)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, char * pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, ETrackedPropertyError * pError);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPropErrorNameFromEnum)(ETrackedPropertyError error);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PollNextEvent)(struct VREvent_t * pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PollNextEventWithPose)(ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, struct VREvent_t * pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent, TrackedDevicePose_t * pTrackedDevicePose);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetEventTypeNameFromEnum)(EVREventType eType);
+	struct HiddenAreaMesh_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetHiddenAreaMesh)(EVREye eEye, EHiddenAreaMeshType type);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetControllerState)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unControllerDeviceIndex, VRControllerState_t * pControllerState, uint32_t unControllerStateSize);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetControllerStateWithPose)(ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, TrackedDeviceIndex_t unControllerDeviceIndex, VRControllerState_t * pControllerState, uint32_t unControllerStateSize, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pTrackedDevicePose);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *TriggerHapticPulse)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unControllerDeviceIndex, uint32_t unAxisId, unsigned short usDurationMicroSec);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetButtonIdNameFromEnum)(EVRButtonId eButtonId);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetControllerAxisTypeNameFromEnum)(EVRControllerAxisType eAxisType);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsInputAvailable)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsSteamVRDrawingControllers)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShouldApplicationPause)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShouldApplicationReduceRenderingWork)();
+	EVRFirmwareError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PerformFirmwareUpdate)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *AcknowledgeQuit_Exiting)();
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetAppContainerFilePaths)(char * pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRuntimeVersion)();
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRExtendedDisplay_FnTable
+{
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetWindowBounds)(int32_t * pnX, int32_t * pnY, uint32_t * pnWidth, uint32_t * pnHeight);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetEyeOutputViewport)(EVREye eEye, uint32_t * pnX, uint32_t * pnY, uint32_t * pnWidth, uint32_t * pnHeight);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDXGIOutputInfo)(int32_t * pnAdapterIndex, int32_t * pnAdapterOutputIndex);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRTrackedCamera_FnTable
+{
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCameraErrorNameFromEnum)(EVRTrackedCameraError eCameraError);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HasCamera)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, bool * pHasCamera);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCameraFrameSize)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, uint32_t * pnWidth, uint32_t * pnHeight, uint32_t * pnFrameBufferSize);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCameraIntrinsics)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, uint32_t nCameraIndex, EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, HmdVector2_t * pFocalLength, HmdVector2_t * pCenter);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCameraProjection)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, uint32_t nCameraIndex, EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, float flZNear, float flZFar, HmdMatrix44_t * pProjection);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *AcquireVideoStreamingService)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, TrackedCameraHandle_t * pHandle);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseVideoStreamingService)(TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetVideoStreamFrameBuffer)(TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, void * pFrameBuffer, uint32_t nFrameBufferSize, CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t * pFrameHeader, uint32_t nFrameHeaderSize);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetVideoStreamTextureSize)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDeviceIndex, EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, VRTextureBounds_t * pTextureBounds, uint32_t * pnWidth, uint32_t * pnHeight);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetVideoStreamTextureD3D11)(TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, void * pD3D11DeviceOrResource, void ** ppD3D11ShaderResourceView, CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t * pFrameHeader, uint32_t nFrameHeaderSize);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetVideoStreamTextureGL)(TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, glUInt_t * pglTextureId, CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t * pFrameHeader, uint32_t nFrameHeaderSize);
+	EVRTrackedCameraError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseVideoStreamTextureGL)(TrackedCameraHandle_t hTrackedCamera, glUInt_t glTextureId);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetCameraTrackingSpace)(ETrackingUniverseOrigin eUniverse);
+	ETrackingUniverseOrigin (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCameraTrackingSpace)();
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRApplications_FnTable
+{
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *AddApplicationManifest)(char * pchApplicationManifestFullPath, bool bTemporary);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RemoveApplicationManifest)(char * pchApplicationManifestFullPath);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsApplicationInstalled)(char * pchAppKey);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationCount)();
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationKeyByIndex)(uint32_t unApplicationIndex, char * pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationKeyByProcessId)(uint32_t unProcessId, char * pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LaunchApplication)(char * pchAppKey);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LaunchTemplateApplication)(char * pchTemplateAppKey, char * pchNewAppKey, struct AppOverrideKeys_t * pKeys, uint32_t unKeys);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LaunchApplicationFromMimeType)(char * pchMimeType, char * pchArgs);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LaunchDashboardOverlay)(char * pchAppKey);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CancelApplicationLaunch)(char * pchAppKey);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IdentifyApplication)(uint32_t unProcessId, char * pchAppKey);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationProcessId)(char * pchAppKey);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationsErrorNameFromEnum)(EVRApplicationError error);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationPropertyString)(char * pchAppKey, EVRApplicationProperty eProperty, char * pchPropertyValueBuffer, uint32_t unPropertyValueBufferLen, EVRApplicationError * peError);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationPropertyBool)(char * pchAppKey, EVRApplicationProperty eProperty, EVRApplicationError * peError);
+	uint64_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationPropertyUint64)(char * pchAppKey, EVRApplicationProperty eProperty, EVRApplicationError * peError);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetApplicationAutoLaunch)(char * pchAppKey, bool bAutoLaunch);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationAutoLaunch)(char * pchAppKey);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetDefaultApplicationForMimeType)(char * pchAppKey, char * pchMimeType);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDefaultApplicationForMimeType)(char * pchMimeType, char * pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationSupportedMimeTypes)(char * pchAppKey, char * pchMimeTypesBuffer, uint32_t unMimeTypesBuffer);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationsThatSupportMimeType)(char * pchMimeType, char * pchAppKeysThatSupportBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeysThatSupportBuffer);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetApplicationLaunchArguments)(uint32_t unHandle, char * pchArgs, uint32_t unArgs);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetStartingApplication)(char * pchAppKeyBuffer, uint32_t unAppKeyBufferLen);
+	EVRSceneApplicationState (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSceneApplicationState)();
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PerformApplicationPrelaunchCheck)(char * pchAppKey);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSceneApplicationStateNameFromEnum)(EVRSceneApplicationState state);
+	EVRApplicationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LaunchInternalProcess)(char * pchBinaryPath, char * pchArguments, char * pchWorkingDirectory);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCurrentSceneProcessId)();
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRChaperone_FnTable
+{
+	ChaperoneCalibrationState (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCalibrationState)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPlayAreaSize)(float * pSizeX, float * pSizeZ);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPlayAreaRect)(struct HmdQuad_t * rect);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReloadInfo)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetSceneColor)(struct HmdColor_t color);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetBoundsColor)(struct HmdColor_t * pOutputColorArray, int nNumOutputColors, float flCollisionBoundsFadeDistance, struct HmdColor_t * pOutputCameraColor);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *AreBoundsVisible)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ForceBoundsVisible)(bool bForce);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ResetZeroPose)(ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingUniverseOrigin);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRChaperoneSetup_FnTable
+{
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CommitWorkingCopy)(EChaperoneConfigFile configFile);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RevertWorkingCopy)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetWorkingPlayAreaSize)(float * pSizeX, float * pSizeZ);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetWorkingPlayAreaRect)(struct HmdQuad_t * rect);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetWorkingCollisionBoundsInfo)(struct HmdQuad_t * pQuadsBuffer, uint32_t * punQuadsCount);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetLiveCollisionBoundsInfo)(struct HmdQuad_t * pQuadsBuffer, uint32_t * punQuadsCount);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetWorkingSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose)(struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetWorkingStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose)(struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetWorkingPlayAreaSize)(float sizeX, float sizeZ);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetWorkingCollisionBoundsInfo)(struct HmdQuad_t * pQuadsBuffer, uint32_t unQuadsCount);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetWorkingPerimeter)(struct HmdVector2_t * pPointBuffer, uint32_t unPointCount);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetWorkingSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose)(struct HmdMatrix34_t * pMatSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetWorkingStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose)(struct HmdMatrix34_t * pMatStandingZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReloadFromDisk)(EChaperoneConfigFile configFile);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetLiveSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose)(struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatSeatedZeroPoseToRawTrackingPose);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ExportLiveToBuffer)(char * pBuffer, uint32_t * pnBufferLength);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ImportFromBufferToWorking)(char * pBuffer, uint32_t nImportFlags);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowWorkingSetPreview)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HideWorkingSetPreview)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RoomSetupStarting)();
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRCompositor_FnTable
+{
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetTrackingSpace)(ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin);
+	ETrackingUniverseOrigin (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetTrackingSpace)();
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *WaitGetPoses)(struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pRenderPoseArray, uint32_t unRenderPoseArrayCount, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pGamePoseArray, uint32_t unGamePoseArrayCount);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetLastPoses)(struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pRenderPoseArray, uint32_t unRenderPoseArrayCount, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pGamePoseArray, uint32_t unGamePoseArrayCount);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetLastPoseForTrackedDeviceIndex)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pOutputPose, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pOutputGamePose);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Submit)(EVREye eEye, struct Texture_t * pTexture, struct VRTextureBounds_t * pBounds, EVRSubmitFlags nSubmitFlags);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ClearLastSubmittedFrame)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PostPresentHandoff)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetFrameTiming)(struct Compositor_FrameTiming * pTiming, uint32_t unFramesAgo);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetFrameTimings)(struct Compositor_FrameTiming * pTiming, uint32_t nFrames);
+	float (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetFrameTimeRemaining)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCumulativeStats)(struct Compositor_CumulativeStats * pStats, uint32_t nStatsSizeInBytes);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *FadeToColor)(float fSeconds, float fRed, float fGreen, float fBlue, float fAlpha, bool bBackground);
+	struct HmdColor_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCurrentFadeColor)(bool bBackground);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *FadeGrid)(float fSeconds, bool bFadeGridIn);
+	float (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCurrentGridAlpha)();
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetSkyboxOverride)(struct Texture_t * pTextures, uint32_t unTextureCount);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ClearSkyboxOverride)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CompositorBringToFront)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CompositorGoToBack)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CompositorQuit)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsFullscreen)();
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCurrentSceneFocusProcess)();
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetLastFrameRenderer)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CanRenderScene)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowMirrorWindow)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HideMirrorWindow)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsMirrorWindowVisible)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CompositorDumpImages)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShouldAppRenderWithLowResources)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ForceInterleavedReprojectionOn)(bool bOverride);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ForceReconnectProcess)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SuspendRendering)(bool bSuspend);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetMirrorTextureD3D11)(EVREye eEye, void * pD3D11DeviceOrResource, void ** ppD3D11ShaderResourceView);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseMirrorTextureD3D11)(void * pD3D11ShaderResourceView);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetMirrorTextureGL)(EVREye eEye, glUInt_t * pglTextureId, glSharedTextureHandle_t * pglSharedTextureHandle);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseSharedGLTexture)(glUInt_t glTextureId, glSharedTextureHandle_t glSharedTextureHandle);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LockGLSharedTextureForAccess)(glSharedTextureHandle_t glSharedTextureHandle);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *UnlockGLSharedTextureForAccess)(glSharedTextureHandle_t glSharedTextureHandle);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetVulkanInstanceExtensionsRequired)(char * pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetVulkanDeviceExtensionsRequired)(struct VkPhysicalDevice_T * pPhysicalDevice, char * pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetExplicitTimingMode)(EVRCompositorTimingMode eTimingMode);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SubmitExplicitTimingData)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsMotionSmoothingEnabled)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsMotionSmoothingSupported)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsCurrentSceneFocusAppLoading)();
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetStageOverride_Async)(char * pchRenderModelPath, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pTransform, struct Compositor_StageRenderSettings * pRenderSettings, uint32_t nSizeOfRenderSettings);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ClearStageOverride)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetCompositorBenchmarkResults)(struct Compositor_BenchmarkResults * pBenchmarkResults, uint32_t nSizeOfBenchmarkResults);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetLastPosePredictionIDs)(uint32_t * pRenderPosePredictionID, uint32_t * pGamePosePredictionID);
+	EVRCompositorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPosesForFrame)(uint32_t unPosePredictionID, struct TrackedDevicePose_t * pPoseArray, uint32_t unPoseArrayCount);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVROverlay_FnTable
+{
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *FindOverlay)(char * pchOverlayKey, VROverlayHandle_t * pOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CreateOverlay)(char * pchOverlayKey, char * pchOverlayName, VROverlayHandle_t * pOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *DestroyOverlay)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayKey)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, char * pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, EVROverlayError * pError);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayName)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, char * pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, EVROverlayError * pError);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayName)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, char * pchName);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayImageData)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void * pvBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, uint32_t * punWidth, uint32_t * punHeight);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayErrorNameFromEnum)(EVROverlayError error);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayRenderingPid)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t unPID);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayRenderingPid)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayFlag)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayFlags eOverlayFlag, bool bEnabled);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayFlag)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayFlags eOverlayFlag, bool * pbEnabled);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayFlags)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t * pFlags);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayColor)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fRed, float fGreen, float fBlue);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayColor)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float * pfRed, float * pfGreen, float * pfBlue);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayAlpha)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fAlpha);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayAlpha)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float * pfAlpha);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTexelAspect)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fTexelAspect);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTexelAspect)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float * pfTexelAspect);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlaySortOrder)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t unSortOrder);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlaySortOrder)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t * punSortOrder);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayWidthInMeters)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fWidthInMeters);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayWidthInMeters)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float * pfWidthInMeters);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayCurvature)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fCurvature);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayCurvature)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float * pfCurvature);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTextureColorSpace)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, EColorSpace eTextureColorSpace);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTextureColorSpace)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, EColorSpace * peTextureColorSpace);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTextureBounds)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct VRTextureBounds_t * pOverlayTextureBounds);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTextureBounds)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct VRTextureBounds_t * pOverlayTextureBounds);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTransformType)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayTransformType * peTransformType);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTransformAbsolute)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatTrackingOriginToOverlayTransform);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTransformAbsolute)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin * peTrackingOrigin, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatTrackingOriginToOverlayTransform);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceRelative)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t unTrackedDevice, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatTrackedDeviceToOverlayTransform);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceRelative)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t * punTrackedDevice, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatTrackedDeviceToOverlayTransform);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceComponent)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, char * pchComponentName);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTransformTrackedDeviceComponent)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, TrackedDeviceIndex_t * punDeviceIndex, char * pchComponentName, uint32_t unComponentNameSize);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTransformOverlayRelative)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayHandle_t * ulOverlayHandleParent, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatParentOverlayToOverlayTransform);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTransformOverlayRelative)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandleParent, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatParentOverlayToOverlayTransform);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTransformCursor)(VROverlayHandle_t ulCursorOverlayHandle, struct HmdVector2_t * pvHotspot);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTransformCursor)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct HmdVector2_t * pvHotspot);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTransformProjection)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatTrackingOriginToOverlayTransform, struct VROverlayProjection_t * pProjection, EVREye eEye);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowOverlay)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HideOverlay)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsOverlayVisible)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetTransformForOverlayCoordinates)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, struct HmdVector2_t coordinatesInOverlay, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatTransform);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PollNextOverlayEvent)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct VREvent_t * pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayInputMethod)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayInputMethod * peInputMethod);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayInputMethod)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayInputMethod eInputMethod);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayMouseScale)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct HmdVector2_t * pvecMouseScale);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayMouseScale)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct HmdVector2_t * pvecMouseScale);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ComputeOverlayIntersection)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct VROverlayIntersectionParams_t * pParams, struct VROverlayIntersectionResults_t * pResults);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsHoverTargetOverlay)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayIntersectionMask)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct VROverlayIntersectionMaskPrimitive_t * pMaskPrimitives, uint32_t unNumMaskPrimitives, uint32_t unPrimitiveSize);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *TriggerLaserMouseHapticVibration)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, float fDurationSeconds, float fFrequency, float fAmplitude);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayCursor)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, VROverlayHandle_t ulCursorHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayCursorPositionOverride)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct HmdVector2_t * pvCursor);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ClearOverlayCursorPositionOverride)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayTexture)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct Texture_t * pTexture);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ClearOverlayTexture)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayRaw)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void * pvBuffer, uint32_t unWidth, uint32_t unHeight, uint32_t unBytesPerPixel);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetOverlayFromFile)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, char * pchFilePath);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTexture)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void ** pNativeTextureHandle, void * pNativeTextureRef, uint32_t * pWidth, uint32_t * pHeight, uint32_t * pNativeFormat, ETextureType * pAPIType, EColorSpace * pColorSpace, struct VRTextureBounds_t * pTextureBounds);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseNativeOverlayHandle)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, void * pNativeTextureHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOverlayTextureSize)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t * pWidth, uint32_t * pHeight);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CreateDashboardOverlay)(char * pchOverlayKey, char * pchOverlayFriendlyName, VROverlayHandle_t * pMainHandle, VROverlayHandle_t * pThumbnailHandle);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsDashboardVisible)();
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsActiveDashboardOverlay)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetDashboardOverlaySceneProcess)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t unProcessId);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDashboardOverlaySceneProcess)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint32_t * punProcessId);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowDashboard)(char * pchOverlayToShow);
+	TrackedDeviceIndex_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPrimaryDashboardDevice)();
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowKeyboard)(EGamepadTextInputMode eInputMode, EGamepadTextInputLineMode eLineInputMode, uint32_t unFlags, char * pchDescription, uint32_t unCharMax, char * pchExistingText, uint64_t uUserValue);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowKeyboardForOverlay)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, EGamepadTextInputMode eInputMode, EGamepadTextInputLineMode eLineInputMode, uint32_t unFlags, char * pchDescription, uint32_t unCharMax, char * pchExistingText, uint64_t uUserValue);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetKeyboardText)(char * pchText, uint32_t cchText);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HideKeyboard)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetKeyboardTransformAbsolute)(ETrackingUniverseOrigin eTrackingOrigin, struct HmdMatrix34_t * pmatTrackingOriginToKeyboardTransform);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetKeyboardPositionForOverlay)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct HmdRect2_t avoidRect);
+	VRMessageOverlayResponse (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowMessageOverlay)(char * pchText, char * pchCaption, char * pchButton0Text, char * pchButton1Text, char * pchButton2Text, char * pchButton3Text);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CloseMessageOverlay)();
+};
+
+struct VR_IVROverlayView_FnTable
+{
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *AcquireOverlayView)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct VRNativeDevice_t * pNativeDevice, struct VROverlayView_t * pOverlayView, uint32_t unOverlayViewSize);
+	EVROverlayError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseOverlayView)(struct VROverlayView_t * pOverlayView);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PostOverlayEvent)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, struct VREvent_t * pvrEvent);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsViewingPermitted)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRHeadsetView_FnTable
+{
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetHeadsetViewSize)(uint32_t nWidth, uint32_t nHeight);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetHeadsetViewSize)(uint32_t * pnWidth, uint32_t * pnHeight);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetHeadsetViewMode)(HeadsetViewMode_t eHeadsetViewMode);
+	HeadsetViewMode_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetHeadsetViewMode)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetHeadsetViewCropped)(bool bCropped);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetHeadsetViewCropped)();
+	float (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetHeadsetViewAspectRatio)();
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetHeadsetViewBlendRange)(float flStartPct, float flEndPct);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetHeadsetViewBlendRange)(float * pStartPct, float * pEndPct);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRRenderModels_FnTable
+{
+	EVRRenderModelError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LoadRenderModel_Async)(char * pchRenderModelName, struct RenderModel_t ** ppRenderModel);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *FreeRenderModel)(struct RenderModel_t * pRenderModel);
+	EVRRenderModelError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LoadTexture_Async)(TextureID_t textureId, struct RenderModel_TextureMap_t ** ppTexture);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *FreeTexture)(struct RenderModel_TextureMap_t * pTexture);
+	EVRRenderModelError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LoadTextureD3D11_Async)(TextureID_t textureId, void * pD3D11Device, void ** ppD3D11Texture2D);
+	EVRRenderModelError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LoadIntoTextureD3D11_Async)(TextureID_t textureId, void * pDstTexture);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *FreeTextureD3D11)(void * pD3D11Texture2D);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRenderModelName)(uint32_t unRenderModelIndex, char * pchRenderModelName, uint32_t unRenderModelNameLen);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRenderModelCount)();
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetComponentCount)(char * pchRenderModelName);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetComponentName)(char * pchRenderModelName, uint32_t unComponentIndex, char * pchComponentName, uint32_t unComponentNameLen);
+	uint64_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetComponentButtonMask)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchComponentName);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetComponentRenderModelName)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchComponentName, char * pchComponentRenderModelName, uint32_t unComponentRenderModelNameLen);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetComponentStateForDevicePath)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchComponentName, VRInputValueHandle_t devicePath, RenderModel_ControllerMode_State_t * pState, RenderModel_ComponentState_t * pComponentState);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetComponentState)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchComponentName, VRControllerState_t * pControllerState, struct RenderModel_ControllerMode_State_t * pState, struct RenderModel_ComponentState_t * pComponentState);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RenderModelHasComponent)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchComponentName);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRenderModelThumbnailURL)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchThumbnailURL, uint32_t unThumbnailURLLen, EVRRenderModelError * peError);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRenderModelOriginalPath)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchOriginalPath, uint32_t unOriginalPathLen, EVRRenderModelError * peError);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetRenderModelErrorNameFromEnum)(EVRRenderModelError error);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRNotifications_FnTable
+{
+	EVRNotificationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CreateNotification)(VROverlayHandle_t ulOverlayHandle, uint64_t ulUserValue, EVRNotificationType type, char * pchText, EVRNotificationStyle style, struct NotificationBitmap_t * pImage, VRNotificationId * pNotificationId);
+	EVRNotificationError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RemoveNotification)(VRNotificationId notificationId);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRSettings_FnTable
+{
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSettingsErrorNameFromEnum)(EVRSettingsError eError);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetBool)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, bool bValue, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetInt32)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, int32_t nValue, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetFloat)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, float flValue, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetString)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, char * pchValue, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetBool)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	int32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetInt32)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	float (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetFloat)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetString)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, char * pchValue, uint32_t unValueLen, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RemoveSection)(char * pchSection, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+	void (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RemoveKeyInSection)(char * pchSection, char * pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError * peError);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRScreenshots_FnTable
+{
+	EVRScreenshotError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *RequestScreenshot)(ScreenshotHandle_t * pOutScreenshotHandle, EVRScreenshotType type, char * pchPreviewFilename, char * pchVRFilename);
+	EVRScreenshotError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HookScreenshot)(EVRScreenshotType * pSupportedTypes, int numTypes);
+	EVRScreenshotType (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetScreenshotPropertyType)(ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, EVRScreenshotError * pError);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetScreenshotPropertyFilename)(ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames filenameType, char * pchFilename, uint32_t cchFilename, EVRScreenshotError * pError);
+	EVRScreenshotError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *UpdateScreenshotProgress)(ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, float flProgress);
+	EVRScreenshotError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *TakeStereoScreenshot)(ScreenshotHandle_t * pOutScreenshotHandle, char * pchPreviewFilename, char * pchVRFilename);
+	EVRScreenshotError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SubmitScreenshot)(ScreenshotHandle_t screenshotHandle, EVRScreenshotType type, char * pchSourcePreviewFilename, char * pchSourceVRFilename);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRResources_FnTable
+{
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *LoadSharedResource)(char * pchResourceName, char * pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetResourceFullPath)(char * pchResourceName, char * pchResourceTypeDirectory, char * pchPathBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRDriverManager_FnTable
+{
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDriverCount)();
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDriverName)(DriverId_t nDriver, char * pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize);
+	DriverHandle_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDriverHandle)(char * pchDriverName);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsEnabled)(DriverId_t nDriver);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRInput_FnTable
+{
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetActionManifestPath)(char * pchActionManifestPath);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetActionSetHandle)(char * pchActionSetName, VRActionSetHandle_t * pHandle);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetActionHandle)(char * pchActionName, VRActionHandle_t * pHandle);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetInputSourceHandle)(char * pchInputSourcePath, VRInputValueHandle_t * pHandle);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *UpdateActionState)(struct VRActiveActionSet_t * pSets, uint32_t unSizeOfVRSelectedActionSet_t, uint32_t unSetCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDigitalActionData)(VRActionHandle_t action, struct InputDigitalActionData_t * pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetAnalogActionData)(VRActionHandle_t action, struct InputAnalogActionData_t * pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPoseActionDataRelativeToNow)(VRActionHandle_t action, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, float fPredictedSecondsFromNow, struct InputPoseActionData_t * pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPoseActionDataForNextFrame)(VRActionHandle_t action, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, struct InputPoseActionData_t * pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSkeletalActionData)(VRActionHandle_t action, struct InputSkeletalActionData_t * pActionData, uint32_t unActionDataSize);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetDominantHand)(ETrackedControllerRole * peDominantHand);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *SetDominantHand)(ETrackedControllerRole eDominantHand);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetBoneCount)(VRActionHandle_t action, uint32_t * pBoneCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetBoneHierarchy)(VRActionHandle_t action, BoneIndex_t * pParentIndices, uint32_t unIndexArayCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetBoneName)(VRActionHandle_t action, BoneIndex_t nBoneIndex, char * pchBoneName, uint32_t unNameBufferSize);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSkeletalReferenceTransforms)(VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalTransformSpace eTransformSpace, EVRSkeletalReferencePose eReferencePose, struct VRBoneTransform_t * pTransformArray, uint32_t unTransformArrayCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSkeletalTrackingLevel)(VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel * pSkeletalTrackingLevel);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSkeletalBoneData)(VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalTransformSpace eTransformSpace, EVRSkeletalMotionRange eMotionRange, struct VRBoneTransform_t * pTransformArray, uint32_t unTransformArrayCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSkeletalSummaryData)(VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSummaryType eSummaryType, struct VRSkeletalSummaryData_t * pSkeletalSummaryData);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSkeletalBoneDataCompressed)(VRActionHandle_t action, EVRSkeletalMotionRange eMotionRange, void * pvCompressedData, uint32_t unCompressedSize, uint32_t * punRequiredCompressedSize);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *DecompressSkeletalBoneData)(void * pvCompressedBuffer, uint32_t unCompressedBufferSize, EVRSkeletalTransformSpace eTransformSpace, struct VRBoneTransform_t * pTransformArray, uint32_t unTransformArrayCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *TriggerHapticVibrationAction)(VRActionHandle_t action, float fStartSecondsFromNow, float fDurationSeconds, float fFrequency, float fAmplitude, VRInputValueHandle_t ulRestrictToDevice);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetActionOrigins)(VRActionSetHandle_t actionSetHandle, VRActionHandle_t digitalActionHandle, VRInputValueHandle_t * originsOut, uint32_t originOutCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOriginLocalizedName)(VRInputValueHandle_t origin, char * pchNameArray, uint32_t unNameArraySize, int32_t unStringSectionsToInclude);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetOriginTrackedDeviceInfo)(VRInputValueHandle_t origin, struct InputOriginInfo_t * pOriginInfo, uint32_t unOriginInfoSize);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetActionBindingInfo)(VRActionHandle_t action, struct InputBindingInfo_t * pOriginInfo, uint32_t unBindingInfoSize, uint32_t unBindingInfoCount, uint32_t * punReturnedBindingInfoCount);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowActionOrigins)(VRActionSetHandle_t actionSetHandle, VRActionHandle_t ulActionHandle);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ShowBindingsForActionSet)(struct VRActiveActionSet_t * pSets, uint32_t unSizeOfVRSelectedActionSet_t, uint32_t unSetCount, VRInputValueHandle_t originToHighlight);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetComponentStateForBinding)(char * pchRenderModelName, char * pchComponentName, struct InputBindingInfo_t * pOriginInfo, uint32_t unBindingInfoSize, uint32_t unBindingInfoCount, RenderModel_ComponentState_t * pComponentState);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *IsUsingLegacyInput)();
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *OpenBindingUI)(char * pchAppKey, VRActionSetHandle_t ulActionSetHandle, VRInputValueHandle_t ulDeviceHandle, bool bShowOnDesktop);
+	EVRInputError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetBindingVariant)(VRInputValueHandle_t ulDevicePath, char * pchVariantArray, uint32_t unVariantArraySize);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRIOBuffer_FnTable
+{
+	EIOBufferError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Open)(char * pchPath, EIOBufferMode mode, uint32_t unElementSize, uint32_t unElements, IOBufferHandle_t * pulBuffer);
+	EIOBufferError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Close)(IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer);
+	EIOBufferError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Read)(IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer, void * pDst, uint32_t unBytes, uint32_t * punRead);
+	EIOBufferError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Write)(IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer, void * pSrc, uint32_t unBytes);
+	PropertyContainerHandle_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *PropertyContainer)(IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer);
+	bool (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HasReaders)(IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRSpatialAnchors_FnTable
+{
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CreateSpatialAnchorFromDescriptor)(char * pchDescriptor, SpatialAnchorHandle_t * pHandleOut);
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *CreateSpatialAnchorFromPose)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, struct SpatialAnchorPose_t * pPose, SpatialAnchorHandle_t * pHandleOut);
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSpatialAnchorPose)(SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, ETrackingUniverseOrigin eOrigin, struct SpatialAnchorPose_t * pPoseOut);
+	EVRSpatialAnchorError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetSpatialAnchorDescriptor)(SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, char * pchDescriptorOut, uint32_t * punDescriptorBufferLenInOut);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRDebug_FnTable
+{
+	EVRDebugError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *EmitVrProfilerEvent)(char * pchMessage);
+	EVRDebugError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *BeginVrProfilerEvent)(VrProfilerEventHandle_t * pHandleOut);
+	EVRDebugError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *FinishVrProfilerEvent)(VrProfilerEventHandle_t hHandle, char * pchMessage);
+	uint32_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *DriverDebugRequest)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t unDeviceIndex, char * pchRequest, char * pchResponseBuffer, uint32_t unResponseBufferSize);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRProperties_FnTable
+{
+	ETrackedPropertyError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReadPropertyBatch)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, struct PropertyRead_t * pBatch, uint32_t unBatchEntryCount);
+	ETrackedPropertyError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *WritePropertyBatch)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, struct PropertyWrite_t * pBatch, uint32_t unBatchEntryCount);
+	char * (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *GetPropErrorNameFromEnum)(ETrackedPropertyError error);
+	PropertyContainerHandle_t (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *TrackedDeviceToPropertyContainer)(TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDevice);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRPaths_FnTable
+{
+	ETrackedPropertyError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReadPathBatch)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulRootHandle, struct PathRead_t * pBatch, uint32_t unBatchEntryCount);
+	ETrackedPropertyError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *WritePathBatch)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulRootHandle, struct PathWrite_t * pBatch, uint32_t unBatchEntryCount);
+	ETrackedPropertyError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *StringToHandle)(PathHandle_t * pHandle, char * pchPath);
+	ETrackedPropertyError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *HandleToString)(PathHandle_t pHandle, char * pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, uint32_t * punBufferSizeUsed);
+};
+
+struct VR_IVRBlockQueue_FnTable
+{
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Create)(PropertyContainerHandle_t * pulQueueHandle, char * pchPath, uint32_t unBlockDataSize, uint32_t unBlockHeaderSize, uint32_t unBlockCount);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Connect)(PropertyContainerHandle_t * pulQueueHandle, char * pchPath);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *Destroy)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulQueueHandle);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *AcquireWriteOnlyBlock)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulQueueHandle, PropertyContainerHandle_t * pulBlockHandle, void ** ppvBuffer);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseWriteOnlyBlock)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulQueueHandle, PropertyContainerHandle_t ulBlockHandle);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *WaitAndAcquireReadOnlyBlock)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulQueueHandle, PropertyContainerHandle_t * pulBlockHandle, void ** ppvBuffer, EBlockQueueReadType eReadType, uint32_t unTimeoutMs);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *AcquireReadOnlyBlock)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulQueueHandle, PropertyContainerHandle_t * pulBlockHandle, void ** ppvBuffer, EBlockQueueReadType eReadType);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *ReleaseReadOnlyBlock)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulQueueHandle, PropertyContainerHandle_t ulBlockHandle);
+	EBlockQueueError (OPENVR_FNTABLE_CALLTYPE *QueueHasReader)(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulQueueHandle, bool * pbHasReaders);
+};
+
+
+#if 0
+// Global entry points
+S_API intptr_t VR_InitInternal( EVRInitError *peError, EVRApplicationType eType );
+S_API void VR_ShutdownInternal();
+S_API bool VR_IsHmdPresent();
+S_API intptr_t VR_GetGenericInterface( const char *pchInterfaceVersion, EVRInitError *peError );
+S_API bool VR_IsRuntimeInstalled();
+S_API const char * VR_GetVRInitErrorAsSymbol( EVRInitError error );
+S_API const char * VR_GetVRInitErrorAsEnglishDescription( EVRInitError error );
+#endif
+
+#endif // __OPENVR_API_FLAT_H__
+
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/headers/openvr_driver.h b/external/openvr/headers/openvr_driver.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34b7053
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/headers/openvr_driver.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4212 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// openvr_driver.h
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+// Dynamically generated file. Do not modify this file directly.
+
+#ifndef _OPENVR_DRIVER_API
+#define _OPENVR_DRIVER_API
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+
+
+// version.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	static const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionMajor = 1;
+	static const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionMinor = 16;
+	static const uint32_t k_nSteamVRVersionBuild = 8;
+} // namespace vr
+
+// public_vrtypes.h
+
+#ifndef _INCLUDE_CORE_VRTYPES_PUBLIC_H
+#define _INCLUDE_CORE_VRTYPES_PUBLIC_H
+
+namespace vr
+{
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+// right-handed system
+// +y is up
+// +x is to the right
+// -z is forward
+// Distance unit is  meters
+struct HmdMatrix34_t
+{
+	float m[3][4];
+};
+
+struct HmdMatrix33_t
+{
+	float m[3][3];
+};
+
+struct HmdMatrix44_t
+{
+	float m[4][4];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector3_t
+{
+	float v[3];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector4_t
+{
+	float v[4];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector3d_t
+{
+	double v[3];
+};
+
+struct HmdVector2_t
+{
+	float v[2];
+};
+
+struct HmdQuaternion_t
+{
+	double w, x, y, z;
+};
+
+struct HmdQuaternionf_t
+{
+	float w, x, y, z;
+};
+
+struct HmdColor_t
+{
+	float r, g, b, a;
+};
+
+struct HmdQuad_t
+{
+	HmdVector3_t vCorners[ 4 ];
+};
+
+struct HmdRect2_t
+{
+	HmdVector2_t vTopLeft;
+	HmdVector2_t vBottomRight;
+};
+
+/** Holds the transform for a single bone */
+struct VRBoneTransform_t
+{
+	HmdVector4_t position;
+	HmdQuaternionf_t orientation;
+};
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+#endif
+
+// vrtypes.h
+
+#ifndef _INCLUDE_VRTYPES_H
+#define _INCLUDE_VRTYPES_H
+
+// Forward declarations to avoid requiring vulkan.h
+struct VkDevice_T;
+struct VkPhysicalDevice_T;
+struct VkInstance_T;
+struct VkQueue_T;
+
+// Forward declarations to avoid requiring d3d12.h
+struct ID3D12Resource;
+struct ID3D12CommandQueue;
+
+namespace vr
+{
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+/** A handle for a spatial anchor.  This handle is only valid during the session it was created in.
+* Anchors that live beyond one session should be saved by their string descriptors. */
+typedef uint32_t SpatialAnchorHandle_t;
+
+typedef void* glSharedTextureHandle_t;
+typedef int32_t glInt_t;
+typedef uint32_t glUInt_t;
+
+
+/** Used to return the post-distortion UVs for each color channel.
+* UVs range from 0 to 1 with 0,0 in the upper left corner of the
+* source render target. The 0,0 to 1,1 range covers a single eye. */
+struct DistortionCoordinates_t
+{
+	float rfRed[2];
+	float rfGreen[2];
+	float rfBlue[2];
+};
+
+enum EVREye
+{
+	Eye_Left = 0,
+	Eye_Right = 1
+};
+
+enum ETextureType
+{
+	TextureType_Invalid = -1, // Handle has been invalidated
+	TextureType_DirectX = 0, // Handle is an ID3D11Texture
+	TextureType_OpenGL = 1,  // Handle is an OpenGL texture name or an OpenGL render buffer name, depending on submit flags
+	TextureType_Vulkan = 2, // Handle is a pointer to a VRVulkanTextureData_t structure
+	TextureType_IOSurface = 3, // Handle is a macOS cross-process-sharable IOSurfaceRef, deprecated in favor of TextureType_Metal on supported platforms
+	TextureType_DirectX12 = 4, // Handle is a pointer to a D3D12TextureData_t structure
+	TextureType_DXGISharedHandle = 5, // Handle is a HANDLE DXGI share handle, only supported for Overlay render targets.
+									  // this texture is used directly by our renderer, so only perform atomic (copyresource or resolve) on it
+	TextureType_Metal = 6, // Handle is a MTLTexture conforming to the MTLSharedTexture protocol. Textures submitted to IVRCompositor::Submit which
+						   // are of type MTLTextureType2DArray assume layer 0 is the left eye texture (vr::EVREye::Eye_left), layer 1 is the right
+						   // eye texture (vr::EVREye::Eye_Right)
+};
+
+enum EColorSpace
+{
+	ColorSpace_Auto = 0,	// Assumes 'gamma' for 8-bit per component formats, otherwise 'linear'.  This mirrors the DXGI formats which have _SRGB variants.
+	ColorSpace_Gamma = 1,	// Texture data can be displayed directly on the display without any conversion (a.k.a. display native format).
+	ColorSpace_Linear = 2,	// Same as gamma but has been converted to a linear representation using DXGI's sRGB conversion algorithm.
+};
+
+struct Texture_t
+{
+	void* handle; // See ETextureType definition above
+	ETextureType eType;
+	EColorSpace eColorSpace;
+};
+
+// Handle to a shared texture (HANDLE on Windows obtained using OpenSharedResource).
+typedef uint64_t SharedTextureHandle_t;
+#define INVALID_SHARED_TEXTURE_HANDLE	((vr::SharedTextureHandle_t)0)
+
+enum ETrackingResult
+{
+	TrackingResult_Uninitialized			= 1,
+
+	TrackingResult_Calibrating_InProgress	= 100,
+	TrackingResult_Calibrating_OutOfRange	= 101,
+
+	TrackingResult_Running_OK				= 200,
+	TrackingResult_Running_OutOfRange		= 201,
+
+	TrackingResult_Fallback_RotationOnly	= 300,
+};
+
+typedef uint32_t DriverId_t;
+static const uint32_t k_nDriverNone = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxDriverDebugResponseSize = 32768;
+
+/** Used to pass device IDs to API calls */
+typedef uint32_t TrackedDeviceIndex_t;
+static const uint32_t k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd = 0;
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxTrackedDeviceCount = 64;
+static const uint32_t k_unTrackedDeviceIndexOther = 0xFFFFFFFE;
+static const uint32_t k_unTrackedDeviceIndexInvalid = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+/** Describes what kind of object is being tracked at a given ID */
+enum ETrackedDeviceClass
+{
+	TrackedDeviceClass_Invalid = 0,				// the ID was not valid.
+	TrackedDeviceClass_HMD = 1,					// Head-Mounted Displays
+	TrackedDeviceClass_Controller = 2,			// Tracked controllers
+	TrackedDeviceClass_GenericTracker = 3,		// Generic trackers, similar to controllers
+	TrackedDeviceClass_TrackingReference = 4,	// Camera and base stations that serve as tracking reference points
+	TrackedDeviceClass_DisplayRedirect = 5,		// Accessories that aren't necessarily tracked themselves, but may redirect video output from other tracked devices
+
+	TrackedDeviceClass_Max
+};
+
+
+/** Describes what specific role associated with a tracked device */
+enum ETrackedControllerRole
+{
+	TrackedControllerRole_Invalid = 0,					// Invalid value for controller type
+	TrackedControllerRole_LeftHand = 1,					// Tracked device associated with the left hand
+	TrackedControllerRole_RightHand = 2,				// Tracked device associated with the right hand
+	TrackedControllerRole_OptOut = 3,					// Tracked device is opting out of left/right hand selection
+	TrackedControllerRole_Treadmill = 4,				// Tracked device is a treadmill or other locomotion device
+	TrackedControllerRole_Stylus = 5,					// Tracked device is a stylus
+	TrackedControllerRole_Max = 5
+};
+
+
+/** Returns true if the tracked controller role is allowed to be a hand */
+inline bool IsRoleAllowedAsHand( ETrackedControllerRole eRole )
+{
+	switch ( eRole )
+	{
+	case TrackedControllerRole_Invalid:
+	case TrackedControllerRole_LeftHand:
+	case TrackedControllerRole_RightHand:
+		return true;
+	default:
+		return false;
+	}
+}
+
+
+/** describes a single pose for a tracked object */
+struct TrackedDevicePose_t
+{
+	HmdMatrix34_t mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking;
+	HmdVector3_t vVelocity;				// velocity in tracker space in m/s
+	HmdVector3_t vAngularVelocity;		// angular velocity in radians/s (?)
+	ETrackingResult eTrackingResult;
+	bool bPoseIsValid;
+
+	// This indicates that there is a device connected for this spot in the pose array.
+	// It could go from true to false if the user unplugs the device.
+	bool bDeviceIsConnected;
+};
+
+/** Identifies which style of tracking origin the application wants to use
+* for the poses it is requesting */
+enum ETrackingUniverseOrigin
+{
+	TrackingUniverseSeated = 0,		// Poses are provided relative to the seated zero pose
+	TrackingUniverseStanding = 1,	// Poses are provided relative to the safe bounds configured by the user
+	TrackingUniverseRawAndUncalibrated = 2,	// Poses are provided in the coordinate system defined by the driver.  It has Y up and is unified for devices of the same driver. You usually don't want this one.
+};
+
+enum EAdditionalRadioFeatures
+{
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_None           = 0x00000000,
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_HTCLinkBox     = 0x00000001,
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_InternalDongle = 0x00000002,
+	AdditionalRadioFeatures_ExternalDongle = 0x00000004,
+};
+
+typedef uint64_t WebConsoleHandle_t;
+#define INVALID_WEB_CONSOLE_HANDLE	((vr::WebConsoleHandle_t)0)
+
+// Refers to a single container of properties
+typedef uint64_t PropertyContainerHandle_t;
+typedef uint32_t PropertyTypeTag_t;
+
+static const PropertyContainerHandle_t k_ulInvalidPropertyContainer = 0;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unInvalidPropertyTag = 0;
+
+typedef PropertyContainerHandle_t DriverHandle_t;
+static const PropertyContainerHandle_t k_ulInvalidDriverHandle = 0;
+
+// Use these tags to set/get common types as struct properties
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unFloatPropertyTag = 1;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unInt32PropertyTag = 2;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unUint64PropertyTag = 3;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unBoolPropertyTag = 4;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unStringPropertyTag = 5;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unErrorPropertyTag = 6;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unDoublePropertyTag = 7;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdMatrix34PropertyTag = 20;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdMatrix44PropertyTag = 21;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdVector3PropertyTag = 22;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdVector4PropertyTag = 23;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdVector2PropertyTag = 24;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHmdQuadPropertyTag = 25;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHiddenAreaPropertyTag = 30;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unPathHandleInfoTag = 31;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unActionPropertyTag = 32;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unInputValuePropertyTag = 33;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unWildcardPropertyTag = 34;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unHapticVibrationPropertyTag = 35;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unSkeletonPropertyTag = 36;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unSpatialAnchorPosePropertyTag = 40;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unJsonPropertyTag = 41;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unActiveActionSetPropertyTag = 42;
+
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unOpenVRInternalReserved_Start = 1000;
+static const PropertyTypeTag_t k_unOpenVRInternalReserved_End = 10000;
+
+
+/** Each entry in this enum represents a property that can be retrieved about a
+* tracked device. Many fields are only valid for one ETrackedDeviceClass. */
+enum ETrackedDeviceProperty
+{
+	Prop_Invalid								= 0,
+
+	// general properties that apply to all device classes
+	Prop_TrackingSystemName_String				= 1000,
+	Prop_ModelNumber_String						= 1001,
+	Prop_SerialNumber_String					= 1002,
+	Prop_RenderModelName_String					= 1003,
+	Prop_WillDriftInYaw_Bool					= 1004,
+	Prop_ManufacturerName_String				= 1005,
+	Prop_TrackingFirmwareVersion_String			= 1006,
+	Prop_HardwareRevision_String				= 1007,
+	Prop_AllWirelessDongleDescriptions_String	= 1008,
+	Prop_ConnectedWirelessDongle_String			= 1009,
+	Prop_DeviceIsWireless_Bool					= 1010,
+	Prop_DeviceIsCharging_Bool					= 1011,
+	Prop_DeviceBatteryPercentage_Float			= 1012, // 0 is empty, 1 is full
+	Prop_StatusDisplayTransform_Matrix34		= 1013,
+	Prop_Firmware_UpdateAvailable_Bool			= 1014,
+	Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdate_Bool				= 1015,
+	Prop_Firmware_ManualUpdateURL_String		= 1016,
+	Prop_HardwareRevision_Uint64				= 1017,
+	Prop_FirmwareVersion_Uint64					= 1018,
+	Prop_FPGAVersion_Uint64						= 1019,
+	Prop_VRCVersion_Uint64						= 1020,
+	Prop_RadioVersion_Uint64					= 1021,
+	Prop_DongleVersion_Uint64					= 1022,
+	Prop_BlockServerShutdown_Bool				= 1023,
+	Prop_CanUnifyCoordinateSystemWithHmd_Bool	= 1024,
+	Prop_ContainsProximitySensor_Bool			= 1025,
+	Prop_DeviceProvidesBatteryStatus_Bool		= 1026,
+	Prop_DeviceCanPowerOff_Bool					= 1027,
+	Prop_Firmware_ProgrammingTarget_String		= 1028,
+	Prop_DeviceClass_Int32						= 1029,
+	Prop_HasCamera_Bool							= 1030,
+	Prop_DriverVersion_String                   = 1031,
+	Prop_Firmware_ForceUpdateRequired_Bool      = 1032,
+	Prop_ViveSystemButtonFixRequired_Bool		= 1033,
+	Prop_ParentDriver_Uint64					= 1034,
+	Prop_ResourceRoot_String					= 1035,
+	Prop_RegisteredDeviceType_String			= 1036,
+	Prop_InputProfilePath_String				= 1037, // input profile to use for this device in the input system. Will default to tracking system name if this isn't provided
+	Prop_NeverTracked_Bool						= 1038, // Used for devices that will never have a valid pose by design
+	Prop_NumCameras_Int32						= 1039,
+	Prop_CameraFrameLayout_Int32				= 1040, // EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout value
+	Prop_CameraStreamFormat_Int32				= 1041, // ECameraVideoStreamFormat value
+	Prop_AdditionalDeviceSettingsPath_String	= 1042, // driver-relative path to additional device and global configuration settings
+	Prop_Identifiable_Bool						= 1043, // Whether device supports being identified from vrmonitor (e.g. blink LED, vibrate haptics, etc)
+	Prop_BootloaderVersion_Uint64			    = 1044,
+	Prop_AdditionalSystemReportData_String		= 1045, // additional string to include in system reports about a tracked device
+	Prop_CompositeFirmwareVersion_String        = 1046, // additional FW components from a device that gets propagated into reports
+	Prop_Firmware_RemindUpdate_Bool             = 1047,
+	Prop_PeripheralApplicationVersion_Uint64	= 1048,
+	Prop_ManufacturerSerialNumber_String		= 1049,
+	Prop_ComputedSerialNumber_String			= 1050,
+	Prop_EstimatedDeviceFirstUseTime_Int32		= 1051,
+
+	// Properties that are unique to TrackedDeviceClass_HMD
+	Prop_ReportsTimeSinceVSync_Bool				= 2000,
+	Prop_SecondsFromVsyncToPhotons_Float		= 2001,
+	Prop_DisplayFrequency_Float					= 2002,
+	Prop_UserIpdMeters_Float					= 2003,
+	Prop_CurrentUniverseId_Uint64				= 2004,
+	Prop_PreviousUniverseId_Uint64				= 2005,
+	Prop_DisplayFirmwareVersion_Uint64			= 2006,
+	Prop_IsOnDesktop_Bool						= 2007,
+	Prop_DisplayMCType_Int32					= 2008,
+	Prop_DisplayMCOffset_Float					= 2009,
+	Prop_DisplayMCScale_Float					= 2010,
+	Prop_EdidVendorID_Int32						= 2011,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageLeft_String              = 2012,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageRight_String             = 2013,
+	Prop_DisplayGCBlackClamp_Float				= 2014,
+	Prop_EdidProductID_Int32					= 2015,
+	Prop_CameraToHeadTransform_Matrix34			= 2016,
+	Prop_DisplayGCType_Int32					= 2017,
+	Prop_DisplayGCOffset_Float					= 2018,
+	Prop_DisplayGCScale_Float					= 2019,
+	Prop_DisplayGCPrescale_Float				= 2020,
+	Prop_DisplayGCImage_String					= 2021,
+	Prop_LensCenterLeftU_Float					= 2022,
+	Prop_LensCenterLeftV_Float					= 2023,
+	Prop_LensCenterRightU_Float					= 2024,
+	Prop_LensCenterRightV_Float					= 2025,
+	Prop_UserHeadToEyeDepthMeters_Float			= 2026,
+	Prop_CameraFirmwareVersion_Uint64			= 2027,
+	Prop_CameraFirmwareDescription_String		= 2028,
+	Prop_DisplayFPGAVersion_Uint64				= 2029,
+	Prop_DisplayBootloaderVersion_Uint64		= 2030,
+	Prop_DisplayHardwareVersion_Uint64			= 2031,
+	Prop_AudioFirmwareVersion_Uint64			= 2032,
+	Prop_CameraCompatibilityMode_Int32			= 2033,
+	Prop_ScreenshotHorizontalFieldOfViewDegrees_Float = 2034,
+	Prop_ScreenshotVerticalFieldOfViewDegrees_Float = 2035,
+	Prop_DisplaySuppressed_Bool					= 2036,
+	Prop_DisplayAllowNightMode_Bool				= 2037,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageWidth_Int32				= 2038,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageHeight_Int32				= 2039,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageNumChannels_Int32		= 2040,
+	Prop_DisplayMCImageData_Binary				= 2041,
+	Prop_SecondsFromPhotonsToVblank_Float		= 2042,
+	Prop_DriverDirectModeSendsVsyncEvents_Bool	= 2043,
+	Prop_DisplayDebugMode_Bool					= 2044,
+	Prop_GraphicsAdapterLuid_Uint64				= 2045,
+	Prop_DriverProvidedChaperonePath_String		= 2048,
+	Prop_ExpectedTrackingReferenceCount_Int32	= 2049, // expected number of sensors or basestations to reserve UI space for
+	Prop_ExpectedControllerCount_Int32			= 2050, // expected number of tracked controllers to reserve UI space for
+	Prop_NamedIconPathControllerLeftDeviceOff_String	= 2051, // placeholder icon for "left" controller if not yet detected/loaded
+	Prop_NamedIconPathControllerRightDeviceOff_String	= 2052, // placeholder icon for "right" controller if not yet detected/loaded
+	Prop_NamedIconPathTrackingReferenceDeviceOff_String	= 2053, // placeholder icon for sensor/base if not yet detected/loaded
+	Prop_DoNotApplyPrediction_Bool				= 2054, // currently no effect. was used to disable HMD pose prediction on MR, which is now done by MR driver setting velocity=0
+	Prop_CameraToHeadTransforms_Matrix34_Array	= 2055,
+	Prop_DistortionMeshResolution_Int32			= 2056, // custom resolution of compositor calls to IVRSystem::ComputeDistortion
+	Prop_DriverIsDrawingControllers_Bool		= 2057,
+	Prop_DriverRequestsApplicationPause_Bool	= 2058,
+	Prop_DriverRequestsReducedRendering_Bool	= 2059,
+	Prop_MinimumIpdStepMeters_Float				= 2060,
+	Prop_AudioBridgeFirmwareVersion_Uint64		= 2061,
+	Prop_ImageBridgeFirmwareVersion_Uint64		= 2062,
+	Prop_ImuToHeadTransform_Matrix34			= 2063,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryGyroBias_Vector3				= 2064,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryGyroScale_Vector3			= 2065,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryAccelerometerBias_Vector3	= 2066,
+	Prop_ImuFactoryAccelerometerScale_Vector3	= 2067,
+	// reserved 2068
+	Prop_ConfigurationIncludesLighthouse20Features_Bool = 2069,
+	Prop_AdditionalRadioFeatures_Uint64         = 2070,
+	Prop_CameraWhiteBalance_Vector4_Array		= 2071, // Prop_NumCameras_Int32-sized array of float[4] RGBG white balance calibration data (max size is vr::k_unMaxCameras)
+	Prop_CameraDistortionFunction_Int32_Array	= 2072, // Prop_NumCameras_Int32-sized array of vr::EVRDistortionFunctionType values (max size is vr::k_unMaxCameras)
+	Prop_CameraDistortionCoefficients_Float_Array = 2073, // Prop_NumCameras_Int32-sized array of double[vr::k_unMaxDistortionFunctionParameters] (max size is vr::k_unMaxCameras)
+	Prop_ExpectedControllerType_String			= 2074,
+	Prop_HmdTrackingStyle_Int32					= 2075, // one of EHmdTrackingStyle
+	Prop_DriverProvidedChaperoneVisibility_Bool = 2076,
+	Prop_HmdColumnCorrectionSettingPrefix_String = 2077,
+	Prop_CameraSupportsCompatibilityModes_Bool	= 2078,
+	Prop_SupportsRoomViewDepthProjection_Bool	= 2079,
+	Prop_DisplayAvailableFrameRates_Float_Array = 2080, // populated by compositor from actual EDID list when available from GPU driver
+	Prop_DisplaySupportsMultipleFramerates_Bool = 2081, // if this is true but Prop_DisplayAvailableFrameRates_Float_Array is empty, explain to user
+	Prop_DisplayColorMultLeft_Vector3			= 2082,
+	Prop_DisplayColorMultRight_Vector3			= 2083,
+	Prop_DisplaySupportsRuntimeFramerateChange_Bool = 2084,
+	Prop_DisplaySupportsAnalogGain_Bool 		= 2085,
+	Prop_DisplayMinAnalogGain_Float 			= 2086,
+	Prop_DisplayMaxAnalogGain_Float 			= 2087,
+    Prop_CameraExposureTime_Float               = 2088,
+    Prop_CameraGlobalGain_Float                 = 2089,
+	// Prop_DashboardLayoutPathName_String 		= 2090, // DELETED
+	Prop_DashboardScale_Float 					= 2091,
+	Prop_IpdUIRangeMinMeters_Float 				= 2100,
+	Prop_IpdUIRangeMaxMeters_Float 				= 2101,
+	Prop_Hmd_SupportsHDCP14LegacyCompat_Bool	= 2102,
+	Prop_Hmd_SupportsMicMonitoring_Bool 		= 2103,
+
+	// Driver requested mura correction properties
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraCorrectionMode_Int32		= 2200,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerLeft_Int32		= 2201,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerRight_Int32	= 2202,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerTop_Int32		= 2203,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_InnerBottom_Int32	= 2204,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterLeft_Int32		= 2205,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterRight_Int32	= 2206,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterTop_Int32		= 2207,
+	Prop_DriverRequestedMuraFeather_OuterBottom_Int32	= 2208,
+
+	Prop_Audio_DefaultPlaybackDeviceId_String		= 2300,
+	Prop_Audio_DefaultRecordingDeviceId_String		= 2301,
+	Prop_Audio_DefaultPlaybackDeviceVolume_Float = 2302,
+	Prop_Audio_SupportsDualSpeakerAndJackOutput_Bool = 2303,
+
+	// Properties that are unique to TrackedDeviceClass_Controller
+	Prop_AttachedDeviceId_String				= 3000,
+	Prop_SupportedButtons_Uint64				= 3001,
+	Prop_Axis0Type_Int32						= 3002, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis1Type_Int32						= 3003, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis2Type_Int32						= 3004, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis3Type_Int32						= 3005, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_Axis4Type_Int32						= 3006, // Return value is of type EVRControllerAxisType
+	Prop_ControllerRoleHint_Int32				= 3007, // Return value is of type ETrackedControllerRole
+
+	// Properties that are unique to TrackedDeviceClass_TrackingReference
+	Prop_FieldOfViewLeftDegrees_Float			= 4000,
+	Prop_FieldOfViewRightDegrees_Float			= 4001,
+	Prop_FieldOfViewTopDegrees_Float			= 4002,
+	Prop_FieldOfViewBottomDegrees_Float			= 4003,
+	Prop_TrackingRangeMinimumMeters_Float		= 4004,
+	Prop_TrackingRangeMaximumMeters_Float		= 4005,
+	Prop_ModeLabel_String						= 4006,
+	Prop_CanWirelessIdentify_Bool               = 4007, // volatile, based on radio presence and fw discovery
+	Prop_Nonce_Int32                            = 4008,
+
+	// Properties that are used for user interface like icons names
+	Prop_IconPathName_String						= 5000, // DEPRECATED. Value not referenced. Now expected to be part of icon path properties.
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceOff_String				= 5001, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceSearching_String		= 5002, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceSearchingAlert_String	= 5003, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceReady_String			= 5004, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceReadyAlert_String		= 5005, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceNotReady_String			= 5006, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceStandby_String			= 5007, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceAlertLow_String			= 5008, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+	Prop_NamedIconPathDeviceStandbyAlert_String		= 5009, // {driver}/icons/icon_filename - PNG for static icon, or GIF for animation, 50x32 for headsets and 32x32 for others
+
+	// Properties that are used by helpers, but are opaque to applications
+	Prop_DisplayHiddenArea_Binary_Start				= 5100,
+	Prop_DisplayHiddenArea_Binary_End				= 5150,
+	Prop_ParentContainer							= 5151,
+	Prop_OverrideContainer_Uint64					= 5152,
+
+	// Properties that are unique to drivers
+	Prop_UserConfigPath_String					= 6000,
+	Prop_InstallPath_String						= 6001,
+	Prop_HasDisplayComponent_Bool				= 6002,
+	Prop_HasControllerComponent_Bool			= 6003,
+	Prop_HasCameraComponent_Bool				= 6004,
+	Prop_HasDriverDirectModeComponent_Bool		= 6005,
+	Prop_HasVirtualDisplayComponent_Bool		= 6006,
+	Prop_HasSpatialAnchorsSupport_Bool		    = 6007,
+
+	// Properties that are set internally based on other information provided by drivers
+	Prop_ControllerType_String					= 7000,
+	//Prop_LegacyInputProfile_String				= 7001, // This is no longer used. See "legacy_binding" in the input profile instead.
+	Prop_ControllerHandSelectionPriority_Int32	= 7002, // Allows hand assignments to prefer some controllers over others. High numbers are selected over low numbers
+
+	// Vendors are free to expose private debug data in this reserved region
+	Prop_VendorSpecific_Reserved_Start			= 10000,
+	Prop_VendorSpecific_Reserved_End			= 10999,
+
+	Prop_TrackedDeviceProperty_Max				= 1000000,
+};
+
+/** No string property will ever be longer than this length */
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxPropertyStringSize = 32 * 1024;
+
+/** Used to return errors that occur when reading properties. */
+enum ETrackedPropertyError
+{
+	TrackedProp_Success						= 0,
+	TrackedProp_WrongDataType				= 1,
+	TrackedProp_WrongDeviceClass			= 2,
+	TrackedProp_BufferTooSmall				= 3,
+	TrackedProp_UnknownProperty				= 4, // Driver has not set the property (and may not ever).
+	TrackedProp_InvalidDevice				= 5,
+	TrackedProp_CouldNotContactServer		= 6,
+	TrackedProp_ValueNotProvidedByDevice	= 7,
+	TrackedProp_StringExceedsMaximumLength	= 8,
+	TrackedProp_NotYetAvailable				= 9, // The property value isn't known yet, but is expected soon. Call again later.
+	TrackedProp_PermissionDenied			= 10,
+	TrackedProp_InvalidOperation			= 11,
+	TrackedProp_CannotWriteToWildcards		= 12,
+	TrackedProp_IPCReadFailure				= 13,
+	TrackedProp_OutOfMemory					= 14,
+	TrackedProp_InvalidContainer			= 15,
+};
+
+/** Used to drive certain text in the UI when talking about the tracking system for the HMD */
+enum EHmdTrackingStyle
+{
+	HmdTrackingStyle_Unknown				= 0,
+
+	HmdTrackingStyle_Lighthouse				= 1, // base stations and lasers
+	HmdTrackingStyle_OutsideInCameras		= 2, // Cameras and LED, Rift 1 style
+	HmdTrackingStyle_InsideOutCameras		= 3, // Cameras on HMD looking at the world
+};
+
+typedef uint64_t VRActionHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRActionSetHandle_t;
+typedef uint64_t VRInputValueHandle_t;
+
+static const VRActionHandle_t k_ulInvalidActionHandle = 0;
+static const VRActionSetHandle_t k_ulInvalidActionSetHandle = 0;
+static const VRInputValueHandle_t k_ulInvalidInputValueHandle = 0;
+
+
+/** Allows the application to control what part of the provided texture will be used in the
+* frame buffer. */
+struct VRTextureBounds_t
+{
+	float uMin, vMin;
+	float uMax, vMax;
+};
+
+/** Allows specifying pose used to render provided scene texture (if different from value returned by WaitGetPoses). */
+struct VRTextureWithPose_t : public Texture_t
+{
+	HmdMatrix34_t mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking; // Actual pose used to render scene textures.
+};
+
+struct VRTextureDepthInfo_t
+{
+	void* handle; // See ETextureType definition above
+	HmdMatrix44_t mProjection;
+	HmdVector2_t vRange; // 0..1
+};
+
+struct VRTextureWithDepth_t : public Texture_t
+{
+	VRTextureDepthInfo_t depth;
+};
+
+struct VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t : public VRTextureWithPose_t
+{
+	VRTextureDepthInfo_t depth;
+};
+
+/** Allows the application to control how scene textures are used by the compositor when calling Submit. */
+enum EVRSubmitFlags
+{
+	// Simple render path. App submits rendered left and right eye images with no lens distortion correction applied.
+	Submit_Default = 0x00,
+
+	// App submits final left and right eye images with lens distortion already applied (lens distortion makes the images appear
+	// barrel distorted with chromatic aberration correction applied). The app would have used the data returned by
+	// vr::IVRSystem::ComputeDistortion() to apply the correct distortion to the rendered images before calling Submit().
+	Submit_LensDistortionAlreadyApplied = 0x01,
+
+	// If the texture pointer passed in is actually a renderbuffer (e.g. for MSAA in OpenGL) then set this flag.
+	Submit_GlRenderBuffer = 0x02,
+
+	// Do not use
+	Submit_Reserved = 0x04,
+
+	// Set to indicate that pTexture is a pointer to a VRTextureWithPose_t.
+	// This flag can be combined with Submit_TextureWithDepth to pass a VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t.
+	Submit_TextureWithPose = 0x08,
+
+	// Set to indicate that pTexture is a pointer to a VRTextureWithDepth_t.
+	// This flag can be combined with Submit_TextureWithPose to pass a VRTextureWithPoseAndDepth_t.
+	Submit_TextureWithDepth = 0x10,
+
+	// Set to indicate a discontinuity between this and the last frame.
+	// This will prevent motion smoothing from attempting to extrapolate using the pair.
+	Submit_FrameDiscontinuty = 0x20,
+
+	// Set to indicate that pTexture->handle is a contains VRVulkanTextureArrayData_t
+	Submit_VulkanTextureWithArrayData = 0x40,
+
+	// If the texture pointer passed in is an OpenGL Array texture, set this flag
+	Submit_GlArrayTexture = 0x80,
+
+	// Do not use
+	Submit_Reserved2 = 0x8000,
+
+
+};
+
+/** Data required for passing Vulkan textures to IVRCompositor::Submit.
+* Be sure to call OpenVR_Shutdown before destroying these resources.
+* Please see https://github.com/ValveSoftware/openvr/wiki/Vulkan for Vulkan-specific documentation */
+struct VRVulkanTextureData_t
+{
+	uint64_t m_nImage; // VkImage
+	VkDevice_T *m_pDevice;
+	VkPhysicalDevice_T *m_pPhysicalDevice;
+	VkInstance_T *m_pInstance;
+	VkQueue_T *m_pQueue;
+	uint32_t m_nQueueFamilyIndex;
+	uint32_t m_nWidth, m_nHeight, m_nFormat, m_nSampleCount;
+};
+
+/** Data required for passing Vulkan texture arrays to IVRCompositor::Submit.
+* Be sure to call OpenVR_Shutdown before destroying these resources.
+* Please see https://github.com/ValveSoftware/openvr/wiki/Vulkan for Vulkan-specific documentation */
+struct VRVulkanTextureArrayData_t : public VRVulkanTextureData_t
+{
+	uint32_t m_unArrayIndex;
+	uint32_t m_unArraySize;
+};
+
+/** Data required for passing D3D12 textures to IVRCompositor::Submit.
+* Be sure to call OpenVR_Shutdown before destroying these resources. */
+struct D3D12TextureData_t
+{
+	ID3D12Resource *m_pResource;
+	ID3D12CommandQueue *m_pCommandQueue;
+	uint32_t m_nNodeMask;
+};
+
+/** Status of the overall system or tracked objects */
+enum EVRState
+{
+	VRState_Undefined = -1,
+	VRState_Off = 0,
+	VRState_Searching = 1,
+	VRState_Searching_Alert = 2,
+	VRState_Ready = 3,
+	VRState_Ready_Alert = 4,
+	VRState_NotReady = 5,
+	VRState_Standby = 6,
+	VRState_Ready_Alert_Low = 7,
+};
+
+/** The types of events that could be posted (and what the parameters mean for each event type) */
+enum EVREventType
+{
+	VREvent_None = 0,
+
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceActivated		= 100,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceDeactivated	= 101,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceUpdated		= 102,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionStarted	= 103,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionEnded	= 104,
+	VREvent_IpdChanged					= 105,
+	VREvent_EnterStandbyMode			= 106,
+	VREvent_LeaveStandbyMode			= 107,
+	VREvent_TrackedDeviceRoleChanged	= 108,
+	VREvent_WatchdogWakeUpRequested		= 109,
+	VREvent_LensDistortionChanged		= 110,
+	VREvent_PropertyChanged				= 111,
+	VREvent_WirelessDisconnect			= 112,
+	VREvent_WirelessReconnect			= 113,
+
+	VREvent_ButtonPress					= 200, // data is controller
+	VREvent_ButtonUnpress				= 201, // data is controller
+	VREvent_ButtonTouch					= 202, // data is controller
+	VREvent_ButtonUntouch				= 203, // data is controller
+
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Press			= 250, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Unpress		= 251, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Touch			= 252, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Untouch		= 253, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_Move			= 254, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_ModeSwitch1	= 255, // No longer sent
+	// VREvent_DualAnalog_ModeSwitch2	= 256, // No longer sent
+	VREvent_Modal_Cancel				= 257, // Sent to overlays with the
+
+	VREvent_MouseMove					= 300, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_MouseButtonDown				= 301, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_MouseButtonUp				= 302, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_FocusEnter					= 303, // data is overlay
+	VREvent_FocusLeave					= 304, // data is overlay
+	VREvent_ScrollDiscrete				= 305, // data is scroll
+	VREvent_TouchPadMove				= 306, // data is mouse
+	VREvent_OverlayFocusChanged			= 307, // data is overlay, global event
+	VREvent_ReloadOverlays				= 308,
+	VREvent_ScrollSmooth				= 309, // data is scroll
+	VREvent_LockMousePosition			= 310,
+	VREvent_UnlockMousePosition			= 311,
+
+	VREvent_InputFocusCaptured			= 400, // data is process DEPRECATED
+	VREvent_InputFocusReleased			= 401, // data is process DEPRECATED
+	// VREvent_SceneFocusLost			= 402, // data is process
+	// VREvent_SceneFocusGained			= 403, // data is process
+	VREvent_SceneApplicationChanged		= 404, // data is process - The App actually drawing the scene changed (usually to or from the compositor)
+	VREvent_SceneFocusChanged			= 405, // data is process - New app got access to draw the scene
+	VREvent_InputFocusChanged			= 406, // data is process
+	// VREvent_SceneApplicationSecondaryRenderingStarted = 407,
+	VREvent_SceneApplicationUsingWrongGraphicsAdapter = 408, // data is process
+	VREvent_ActionBindingReloaded		 = 409, // data is process - The App that action binds reloaded for
+
+	VREvent_HideRenderModels			= 410, // Sent to the scene application to request hiding render models temporarily
+	VREvent_ShowRenderModels			= 411, // Sent to the scene application to request restoring render model visibility
+
+	VREvent_SceneApplicationStateChanged = 412, // No data; but query VRApplications()->GetSceneApplicationState();
+
+	VREvent_ConsoleOpened               = 420,
+	VREvent_ConsoleClosed               = 421,
+
+	VREvent_OverlayShown				= 500,
+	VREvent_OverlayHidden				= 501,
+	VREvent_DashboardActivated			= 502,
+	VREvent_DashboardDeactivated		= 503,
+	//VREvent_DashboardThumbSelected		= 504, // Sent to the overlay manager - data is overlay - No longer sent
+	VREvent_DashboardRequested			= 505, // Sent to the overlay manager - data is overlay
+	VREvent_ResetDashboard				= 506, // Send to the overlay manager
+	//VREvent_RenderToast					= 507, // Send to the dashboard to render a toast - data is the notification ID -- no longer sent
+	VREvent_ImageLoaded					= 508, // Sent to overlays when a SetOverlayRaw or SetOverlayFromFile call finishes loading
+	VREvent_ShowKeyboard				= 509, // Sent to keyboard renderer in the dashboard to invoke it
+	VREvent_HideKeyboard				= 510, // Sent to keyboard renderer in the dashboard to hide it
+	VREvent_OverlayGamepadFocusGained	= 511, // Sent to an overlay when IVROverlay::SetFocusOverlay is called on it
+	VREvent_OverlayGamepadFocusLost		= 512, // Send to an overlay when it previously had focus and IVROverlay::SetFocusOverlay is called on something else
+	VREvent_OverlaySharedTextureChanged = 513,
+	//VREvent_DashboardGuideButtonDown	= 514, // These are no longer sent
+	//VREvent_DashboardGuideButtonUp		= 515,
+	VREvent_ScreenshotTriggered			= 516, // Screenshot button combo was pressed, Dashboard should request a screenshot
+	VREvent_ImageFailed					= 517, // Sent to overlays when a SetOverlayRaw or SetOverlayfromFail fails to load
+	VREvent_DashboardOverlayCreated		= 518,
+	VREvent_SwitchGamepadFocus			= 519,
+
+	// Screenshot API
+	VREvent_RequestScreenshot				= 520, // Sent by vrclient application to compositor to take a screenshot
+	VREvent_ScreenshotTaken					= 521, // Sent by compositor to the application that the screenshot has been taken
+	VREvent_ScreenshotFailed				= 522, // Sent by compositor to the application that the screenshot failed to be taken
+	VREvent_SubmitScreenshotToDashboard		= 523, // Sent by compositor to the dashboard that a completed screenshot was submitted
+	VREvent_ScreenshotProgressToDashboard	= 524, // Sent by compositor to the dashboard that a completed screenshot was submitted
+
+	VREvent_PrimaryDashboardDeviceChanged	= 525,
+	VREvent_RoomViewShown					= 526, // Sent by compositor whenever room-view is enabled
+	VREvent_RoomViewHidden					= 527, // Sent by compositor whenever room-view is disabled
+	VREvent_ShowUI							= 528, // data is showUi
+	VREvent_ShowDevTools					= 529, // data is showDevTools
+	VREvent_DesktopViewUpdating				= 530,
+	VREvent_DesktopViewReady				= 531,
+
+	VREvent_Notification_Shown				= 600,
+	VREvent_Notification_Hidden				= 601,
+	VREvent_Notification_BeginInteraction	= 602,
+	VREvent_Notification_Destroyed			= 603,
+
+	VREvent_Quit							= 700, // data is process
+	VREvent_ProcessQuit						= 701, // data is process
+	//VREvent_QuitAborted_UserPrompt			= 702, // data is process
+	VREvent_QuitAcknowledged				= 703, // data is process
+	VREvent_DriverRequestedQuit				= 704, // The driver has requested that SteamVR shut down
+	VREvent_RestartRequested				= 705, // A driver or other component wants the user to restart SteamVR
+
+	VREvent_ChaperoneDataHasChanged			= 800, // this will never happen with the new chaperone system
+	VREvent_ChaperoneUniverseHasChanged		= 801,
+	VREvent_ChaperoneTempDataHasChanged		= 802, // this will never happen with the new chaperone system
+	VREvent_ChaperoneSettingsHaveChanged	= 803,
+	VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset				= 804,
+	VREvent_ChaperoneFlushCache				= 805, // Sent when the process needs to reload any cached data it retrieved from VRChaperone()
+	VREvent_ChaperoneRoomSetupStarting	    = 806, // Triggered by CVRChaperoneClient::RoomSetupStarting
+	VREvent_ChaperoneRoomSetupFinished	    = 807, // Triggered by CVRChaperoneClient::CommitWorkingCopy
+	VREvent_StandingZeroPoseReset			= 808,
+
+	VREvent_AudioSettingsHaveChanged		= 820,
+
+	VREvent_BackgroundSettingHasChanged				= 850,
+	VREvent_CameraSettingsHaveChanged				= 851,
+	VREvent_ReprojectionSettingHasChanged			= 852,
+	VREvent_ModelSkinSettingsHaveChanged			= 853,
+	VREvent_EnvironmentSettingsHaveChanged			= 854,
+	VREvent_PowerSettingsHaveChanged				= 855,
+	VREvent_EnableHomeAppSettingsHaveChanged		= 856,
+	VREvent_SteamVRSectionSettingChanged			= 857,
+	VREvent_LighthouseSectionSettingChanged			= 858,
+	VREvent_NullSectionSettingChanged				= 859,
+	VREvent_UserInterfaceSectionSettingChanged		= 860,
+	VREvent_NotificationsSectionSettingChanged		= 861,
+	VREvent_KeyboardSectionSettingChanged			= 862,
+	VREvent_PerfSectionSettingChanged				= 863,
+	VREvent_DashboardSectionSettingChanged			= 864,
+	VREvent_WebInterfaceSectionSettingChanged		= 865,
+	VREvent_TrackersSectionSettingChanged			= 866,
+	VREvent_LastKnownSectionSettingChanged			= 867,
+	VREvent_DismissedWarningsSectionSettingChanged	= 868,
+	VREvent_GpuSpeedSectionSettingChanged			= 869,
+	VREvent_WindowsMRSectionSettingChanged			= 870,
+	VREvent_OtherSectionSettingChanged				= 871,
+
+	VREvent_StatusUpdate					= 900,
+
+	VREvent_WebInterface_InstallDriverCompleted = 950,
+
+	VREvent_MCImageUpdated					= 1000,
+
+	VREvent_FirmwareUpdateStarted			= 1100,
+	VREvent_FirmwareUpdateFinished			= 1101,
+
+	VREvent_KeyboardClosed					= 1200,
+	VREvent_KeyboardCharInput				= 1201,
+	VREvent_KeyboardDone					= 1202, // Sent when DONE button clicked on keyboard
+
+	//VREvent_ApplicationTransitionStarted		= 1300,
+	//VREvent_ApplicationTransitionAborted		= 1301,
+	//VREvent_ApplicationTransitionNewAppStarted	= 1302,
+	VREvent_ApplicationListUpdated				= 1303,
+	VREvent_ApplicationMimeTypeLoad				= 1304,
+	// VREvent_ApplicationTransitionNewAppLaunchComplete = 1305,
+	VREvent_ProcessConnected					= 1306,
+	VREvent_ProcessDisconnected					= 1307,
+
+	//VREvent_Compositor_MirrorWindowShown		= 1400, // DEPRECATED
+	//VREvent_Compositor_MirrorWindowHidden		= 1401, // DEPRECATED
+	VREvent_Compositor_ChaperoneBoundsShown		= 1410,
+	VREvent_Compositor_ChaperoneBoundsHidden	= 1411,
+	VREvent_Compositor_DisplayDisconnected		= 1412,
+	VREvent_Compositor_DisplayReconnected		= 1413,
+	VREvent_Compositor_HDCPError				= 1414, // data is hdcpError
+	VREvent_Compositor_ApplicationNotResponding	= 1415,
+	VREvent_Compositor_ApplicationResumed		= 1416,
+	VREvent_Compositor_OutOfVideoMemory			= 1417,
+	VREvent_Compositor_DisplayModeNotSupported	= 1418, // k_pch_SteamVR_PreferredRefreshRate
+	VREvent_Compositor_StageOverrideReady		= 1419,
+
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_StartVideoStream  = 1500,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_StopVideoStream   = 1501,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_PauseVideoStream  = 1502,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_ResumeVideoStream = 1503,
+	VREvent_TrackedCamera_EditingSurface    = 1550,
+
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_EnableCapture	= 1600,
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_DisableCapture	= 1601,
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_FidelityLevel	= 1602,
+
+	VREvent_MessageOverlay_Closed			= 1650,
+	VREvent_MessageOverlayCloseRequested	= 1651,
+
+	VREvent_Input_HapticVibration			= 1700, // data is hapticVibration
+	VREvent_Input_BindingLoadFailed			= 1701, // data is inputBinding
+	VREvent_Input_BindingLoadSuccessful		= 1702, // data is inputBinding
+	VREvent_Input_ActionManifestReloaded	= 1703, // no data
+	VREvent_Input_ActionManifestLoadFailed	= 1704, // data is actionManifest
+	VREvent_Input_ProgressUpdate			= 1705, // data is progressUpdate
+	VREvent_Input_TrackerActivated			= 1706,
+	VREvent_Input_BindingsUpdated			= 1707,
+	VREvent_Input_BindingSubscriptionChanged = 1708,
+
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_PoseUpdated		= 1800,        // data is spatialAnchor. broadcast
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_DescriptorUpdated = 1801,       // data is spatialAnchor. broadcast
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestPoseUpdate = 1802,       // data is spatialAnchor. sent to specific driver
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestDescriptorUpdate = 1803, // data is spatialAnchor. sent to specific driver
+
+	VREvent_SystemReport_Started			= 1900, // user or system initiated generation of a system report. broadcast
+
+	VREvent_Monitor_ShowHeadsetView			= 2000, // data is process
+	VREvent_Monitor_HideHeadsetView			= 2001, // data is process
+
+	// Vendors are free to expose private events in this reserved region
+	VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_Start	= 10000,
+	VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_End		= 19999,
+};
+
+
+/** Level of Hmd activity */
+// UserInteraction_Timeout means the device is in the process of timing out.
+// InUse = ( k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction || k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction_Timeout )
+// VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionStarted fires when the devices transitions from Standby -> UserInteraction or Idle -> UserInteraction.
+// VREvent_TrackedDeviceUserInteractionEnded fires when the devices transitions from UserInteraction_Timeout -> Idle
+enum EDeviceActivityLevel
+{
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Unknown = -1,
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Idle = 0,						// No activity for the last 10 seconds
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction = 1,				// Activity (movement or prox sensor) is happening now
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_UserInteraction_Timeout = 2,		// No activity for the last 0.5 seconds
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Standby = 3,						// Idle for at least 5 seconds (configurable in Settings -> Power Management)
+	k_EDeviceActivityLevel_Idle_Timeout = 4,
+};
+
+
+/** VR controller button and axis IDs */
+enum EVRButtonId
+{
+	k_EButton_System			= 0,
+	k_EButton_ApplicationMenu	= 1,
+	k_EButton_Grip				= 2,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Left			= 3,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Up			= 4,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Right		= 5,
+	k_EButton_DPad_Down			= 6,
+	k_EButton_A					= 7,
+
+	k_EButton_ProximitySensor   = 31,
+
+	k_EButton_Axis0				= 32,
+	k_EButton_Axis1				= 33,
+	k_EButton_Axis2				= 34,
+	k_EButton_Axis3				= 35,
+	k_EButton_Axis4				= 36,
+
+	// aliases for well known controllers
+	k_EButton_SteamVR_Touchpad	= k_EButton_Axis0,
+	k_EButton_SteamVR_Trigger	= k_EButton_Axis1,
+
+	k_EButton_Dashboard_Back	= k_EButton_Grip,
+
+	k_EButton_IndexController_A		= k_EButton_Grip,
+	k_EButton_IndexController_B		= k_EButton_ApplicationMenu,
+	k_EButton_IndexController_JoyStick	= k_EButton_Axis3,
+
+	k_EButton_Max				= 64
+};
+
+inline uint64_t ButtonMaskFromId( EVRButtonId id ) { return 1ull << id; }
+
+/** used for controller button events */
+struct VREvent_Controller_t
+{
+	uint32_t button; // EVRButtonId enum
+};
+
+
+/** used for simulated mouse events in overlay space */
+enum EVRMouseButton
+{
+	VRMouseButton_Left					= 0x0001,
+	VRMouseButton_Right					= 0x0002,
+	VRMouseButton_Middle				= 0x0004,
+};
+
+
+/** used for simulated mouse events in overlay space */
+struct VREvent_Mouse_t
+{
+	float x, y; // co-ords are in GL space, bottom left of the texture is 0,0
+	uint32_t button; // EVRMouseButton enum
+};
+
+/** used for simulated mouse wheel scroll */
+struct VREvent_Scroll_t
+{
+	float xdelta, ydelta;
+	uint32_t unused;
+	float viewportscale; // For scrolling on an overlay with laser mouse, this is the overlay's vertical size relative to the overlay height. Range: [0,1]
+};
+
+/** when in mouse input mode you can receive data from the touchpad, these events are only sent if the users finger
+   is on the touchpad (or just released from it). These events are sent to overlays with the VROverlayFlags_SendVRTouchpadEvents
+   flag set.
+**/
+struct VREvent_TouchPadMove_t
+{
+	// true if the users finger is detected on the touch pad
+	bool bFingerDown;
+
+	// How long the finger has been down in seconds
+	float flSecondsFingerDown;
+
+	// These values indicate the starting finger position (so you can do some basic swipe stuff)
+	float fValueXFirst;
+	float fValueYFirst;
+
+	// This is the raw sampled coordinate without deadzoning
+	float fValueXRaw;
+	float fValueYRaw;
+};
+
+/** notification related events. Details will still change at this point */
+struct VREvent_Notification_t
+{
+	uint64_t ulUserValue;
+	uint32_t notificationId;
+};
+
+/** Used for events about processes */
+struct VREvent_Process_t
+{
+	uint32_t pid;
+	uint32_t oldPid;
+	bool bForced;
+	// If the associated event was triggered by a connection loss
+	bool bConnectionLost;
+};
+
+
+/** Used for a few events about overlays */
+struct VREvent_Overlay_t
+{
+	uint64_t overlayHandle;
+	uint64_t devicePath;
+	uint64_t memoryBlockId;
+};
+
+
+/** Used for a few events about overlays */
+struct VREvent_Status_t
+{
+	uint32_t statusState; // EVRState enum
+};
+
+/** Used for keyboard events **/
+struct VREvent_Keyboard_t
+{
+	char cNewInput[8];	// Up to 11 bytes of new input
+	uint64_t uUserValue;	// Possible flags about the new input
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Ipd_t
+{
+	float ipdMeters;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Chaperone_t
+{
+	uint64_t m_nPreviousUniverse;
+	uint64_t m_nCurrentUniverse;
+};
+
+/** Not actually used for any events */
+struct VREvent_Reserved_t
+{
+	uint64_t reserved0;
+	uint64_t reserved1;
+	uint64_t reserved2;
+	uint64_t reserved3;
+	uint64_t reserved4;
+	uint64_t reserved5;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_PerformanceTest_t
+{
+	uint32_t m_nFidelityLevel;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset_t
+{
+	bool bResetBySystemMenu;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Screenshot_t
+{
+	uint32_t handle;
+	uint32_t type;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ScreenshotProgress_t
+{
+	float progress;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ApplicationLaunch_t
+{
+	uint32_t pid;
+	uint32_t unArgsHandle;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_EditingCameraSurface_t
+{
+	uint64_t overlayHandle;
+	uint32_t nVisualMode;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_MessageOverlay_t
+{
+	uint32_t unVRMessageOverlayResponse; // vr::VRMessageOverlayResponse enum
+};
+
+struct VREvent_Property_t
+{
+	PropertyContainerHandle_t container;
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty prop;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_HapticVibration_t
+{
+	uint64_t containerHandle; // property container handle of the device with the haptic component
+	uint64_t componentHandle; // Which haptic component needs to vibrate
+	float fDurationSeconds;
+	float fFrequency;
+	float fAmplitude;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_WebConsole_t
+{
+	WebConsoleHandle_t webConsoleHandle;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_InputBindingLoad_t
+{
+	vr::PropertyContainerHandle_t ulAppContainer;
+	uint64_t pathMessage;
+	uint64_t pathUrl;
+	uint64_t pathControllerType;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_InputActionManifestLoad_t
+{
+	uint64_t pathAppKey;
+	uint64_t pathMessage;
+	uint64_t pathMessageParam;
+	uint64_t pathManifestPath;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_SpatialAnchor_t
+{
+	SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ProgressUpdate_t
+{
+	uint64_t ulApplicationPropertyContainer;
+	uint64_t pathDevice;
+	uint64_t pathInputSource;
+	uint64_t pathProgressAction;
+	uint64_t pathIcon;
+	float fProgress;
+};
+
+enum EShowUIType
+{
+	ShowUI_ControllerBinding = 0,
+	ShowUI_ManageTrackers = 1,
+	// ShowUI_QuickStart = 2, // Deprecated
+	ShowUI_Pairing = 3,
+	ShowUI_Settings = 4,
+	ShowUI_DebugCommands = 5,
+	ShowUI_FullControllerBinding = 6,
+	ShowUI_ManageDrivers = 7,
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ShowUI_t
+{
+	EShowUIType eType;
+};
+
+struct VREvent_ShowDevTools_t
+{
+	int32_t nBrowserIdentifier;
+};
+
+enum EHDCPError
+{
+	HDCPError_None = 0,
+	HDCPError_LinkLost = 1,
+	HDCPError_Tampered = 2,
+	HDCPError_DeviceRevoked = 3,
+	HDCPError_Unknown = 4
+};
+
+struct VREvent_HDCPError_t
+{
+	EHDCPError eCode;
+};
+
+typedef union
+{
+	VREvent_Reserved_t reserved;
+	VREvent_Controller_t controller;
+	VREvent_Mouse_t mouse;
+	VREvent_Scroll_t scroll;
+	VREvent_Process_t process;
+	VREvent_Notification_t notification;
+	VREvent_Overlay_t overlay;
+	VREvent_Status_t status;
+	VREvent_Keyboard_t keyboard;
+	VREvent_Ipd_t ipd;
+	VREvent_Chaperone_t chaperone;
+	VREvent_PerformanceTest_t performanceTest;
+	VREvent_TouchPadMove_t touchPadMove;
+	VREvent_SeatedZeroPoseReset_t seatedZeroPoseReset;
+	VREvent_Screenshot_t screenshot;
+	VREvent_ScreenshotProgress_t screenshotProgress;
+	VREvent_ApplicationLaunch_t applicationLaunch;
+	VREvent_EditingCameraSurface_t cameraSurface;
+	VREvent_MessageOverlay_t messageOverlay;
+	VREvent_Property_t property;
+	VREvent_HapticVibration_t hapticVibration;
+	VREvent_WebConsole_t webConsole;
+	VREvent_InputBindingLoad_t inputBinding;
+	VREvent_InputActionManifestLoad_t actionManifest;
+	VREvent_SpatialAnchor_t spatialAnchor;
+	VREvent_ProgressUpdate_t progressUpdate;
+	VREvent_ShowUI_t showUi;
+	VREvent_ShowDevTools_t showDevTools;
+	VREvent_HDCPError_t hdcpError;
+    /** NOTE!!! If you change this you MUST manually update openvr_interop.cs.py */
+} VREvent_Data_t;
+
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+// This structure was originally defined mis-packed on Linux, preserved for
+// compatibility.
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+
+/** An event posted by the server to all running applications */
+struct VREvent_t
+{
+	uint32_t eventType; // EVREventType enum
+	TrackedDeviceIndex_t trackedDeviceIndex;
+	float eventAgeSeconds;
+	// event data must be the end of the struct as its size is variable
+	VREvent_Data_t data;
+};
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+
+typedef uint32_t VRComponentProperties;
+
+enum EVRComponentProperty
+{
+	VRComponentProperty_IsStatic = (1 << 0),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsVisible = (1 << 1),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsTouched = (1 << 2),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsPressed = (1 << 3),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsScrolled = (1 << 4),
+	VRComponentProperty_IsHighlighted = (1 << 5),
+};
+
+
+/** Describes state information about a render-model component, including transforms and other dynamic properties */
+struct RenderModel_ComponentState_t
+{
+	HmdMatrix34_t mTrackingToComponentRenderModel;  // Transform required when drawing the component render model
+	HmdMatrix34_t mTrackingToComponentLocal;        // Transform available for attaching to a local component coordinate system (-Z out from surface )
+	VRComponentProperties uProperties;
+};
+
+
+enum EVRInputError
+{
+	VRInputError_None = 0,
+	VRInputError_NameNotFound = 1,
+	VRInputError_WrongType = 2,
+	VRInputError_InvalidHandle = 3,
+	VRInputError_InvalidParam = 4,
+	VRInputError_NoSteam = 5,
+	VRInputError_MaxCapacityReached = 6,
+	VRInputError_IPCError = 7,
+	VRInputError_NoActiveActionSet = 8,
+	VRInputError_InvalidDevice = 9,
+	VRInputError_InvalidSkeleton = 10,
+	VRInputError_InvalidBoneCount = 11,
+	VRInputError_InvalidCompressedData = 12,
+	VRInputError_NoData = 13,
+	VRInputError_BufferTooSmall = 14,
+	VRInputError_MismatchedActionManifest = 15,
+	VRInputError_MissingSkeletonData = 16,
+	VRInputError_InvalidBoneIndex = 17,
+	VRInputError_InvalidPriority = 18,
+	VRInputError_PermissionDenied = 19,
+	VRInputError_InvalidRenderModel = 20,
+};
+
+enum EVRSpatialAnchorError
+{
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_Success = 0,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_Internal = 1,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_UnknownHandle = 2,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_ArrayTooSmall = 3,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_InvalidDescriptorChar = 4,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_NotYetAvailable = 5,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_NotAvailableInThisUniverse = 6,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_PermanentlyUnavailable = 7,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_WrongDriver = 8,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_DescriptorTooLong = 9,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_Unknown = 10,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_NoRoomCalibration = 11,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_InvalidArgument = 12,
+	VRSpatialAnchorError_UnknownDriver = 13,
+};
+
+/** The mesh to draw into the stencil (or depth) buffer to perform
+* early stencil (or depth) kills of pixels that will never appear on the HMD.
+* This mesh draws on all the pixels that will be hidden after distortion.
+*
+* If the HMD does not provide a visible area mesh pVertexData will be
+* NULL and unTriangleCount will be 0. */
+struct HiddenAreaMesh_t
+{
+	const HmdVector2_t *pVertexData;
+	uint32_t unTriangleCount;
+};
+
+
+enum EHiddenAreaMeshType
+{
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Standard = 0,
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Inverse = 1,
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_LineLoop = 2,
+
+	k_eHiddenAreaMesh_Max = 3,
+};
+
+
+/** Identifies what kind of axis is on the controller at index n. Read this type
+* with pVRSystem->Get( nControllerDeviceIndex, Prop_Axis0Type_Int32 + n );
+*/
+enum EVRControllerAxisType
+{
+	k_eControllerAxis_None = 0,
+	k_eControllerAxis_TrackPad = 1,
+	k_eControllerAxis_Joystick = 2,
+	k_eControllerAxis_Trigger = 3, // Analog trigger data is in the X axis
+};
+
+
+/** contains information about one axis on the controller */
+struct VRControllerAxis_t
+{
+	float x; // Ranges from -1.0 to 1.0 for joysticks and track pads. Ranges from 0.0 to 1.0 for triggers were 0 is fully released.
+	float y; // Ranges from -1.0 to 1.0 for joysticks and track pads. Is always 0.0 for triggers.
+};
+
+
+/** the number of axes in the controller state */
+static const uint32_t k_unControllerStateAxisCount = 5;
+
+
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+// This structure was originally defined mis-packed on Linux, preserved for
+// compatibility.
+#pragma pack( push, 4 )
+#endif
+
+/** Holds all the state of a controller at one moment in time. */
+struct VRControllerState001_t
+{
+	// If packet num matches that on your prior call, then the controller state hasn't been changed since
+	// your last call and there is no need to process it
+	uint32_t unPacketNum;
+
+	// bit flags for each of the buttons. Use ButtonMaskFromId to turn an ID into a mask
+	uint64_t ulButtonPressed;
+	uint64_t ulButtonTouched;
+
+	// Axis data for the controller's analog inputs
+	VRControllerAxis_t rAxis[ k_unControllerStateAxisCount ];
+};
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__APPLE__)
+#pragma pack( pop )
+#endif
+
+
+typedef VRControllerState001_t VRControllerState_t;
+
+
+/** determines how to provide output to the application of various event processing functions. */
+enum EVRControllerEventOutputType
+{
+	ControllerEventOutput_OSEvents = 0,
+	ControllerEventOutput_VREvents = 1,
+};
+
+
+
+/** Collision Bounds Style */
+enum ECollisionBoundsStyle
+{
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_BEGINNER = 0,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_INTERMEDIATE,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_SQUARES,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_ADVANCED,
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_NONE,
+
+	COLLISION_BOUNDS_STYLE_COUNT
+};
+
+/** used to refer to a single VR overlay */
+typedef uint64_t VROverlayHandle_t;
+
+static const VROverlayHandle_t k_ulOverlayHandleInvalid = 0;
+
+/** Errors that can occur around VR overlays */
+enum EVROverlayError
+{
+	VROverlayError_None						= 0,
+
+	VROverlayError_UnknownOverlay			= 10,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidHandle			= 11,
+	VROverlayError_PermissionDenied			= 12,
+	VROverlayError_OverlayLimitExceeded		= 13, // No more overlays could be created because the maximum number already exist
+	VROverlayError_WrongVisibilityType		= 14,
+	VROverlayError_KeyTooLong				= 15,
+	VROverlayError_NameTooLong				= 16,
+	VROverlayError_KeyInUse					= 17,
+	VROverlayError_WrongTransformType		= 18,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidTrackedDevice		= 19,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidParameter			= 20,
+	VROverlayError_ThumbnailCantBeDestroyed	= 21,
+	VROverlayError_ArrayTooSmall			= 22,
+	VROverlayError_RequestFailed			= 23,
+	VROverlayError_InvalidTexture			= 24,
+	VROverlayError_UnableToLoadFile			= 25,
+	VROverlayError_KeyboardAlreadyInUse		= 26,
+	VROverlayError_NoNeighbor				= 27,
+	VROverlayError_TooManyMaskPrimitives	= 29,
+	VROverlayError_BadMaskPrimitive			= 30,
+	VROverlayError_TextureAlreadyLocked		= 31,
+	VROverlayError_TextureLockCapacityReached = 32,
+	VROverlayError_TextureNotLocked			= 33,
+};
+
+/** enum values to pass in to VR_Init to identify whether the application will
+* draw a 3D scene. */
+enum EVRApplicationType
+{
+	VRApplication_Other = 0,		// Some other kind of application that isn't covered by the other entries
+	VRApplication_Scene	= 1,		// Application will submit 3D frames
+	VRApplication_Overlay = 2,		// Application only interacts with overlays
+	VRApplication_Background = 3,	// Application should not start SteamVR if it's not already running, and should not
+									// keep it running if everything else quits.
+	VRApplication_Utility = 4,		// Init should not try to load any drivers. The application needs access to utility
+									// interfaces (like IVRSettings and IVRApplications) but not hardware.
+	VRApplication_VRMonitor = 5,	// Reserved for vrmonitor
+	VRApplication_SteamWatchdog = 6,// Reserved for Steam
+	VRApplication_Bootstrapper = 7, // reserved for vrstartup
+	VRApplication_WebHelper = 8,	// reserved for vrwebhelper
+	VRApplication_OpenXRInstance = 9, // reserved for openxr (created instance, but not session yet)
+	VRApplication_OpenXRScene = 10,	  // reserved for openxr (started session)
+	VRApplication_OpenXROverlay = 11, // reserved for openxr (started overlay session)
+	VRApplication_Prism = 12,		// reserved for the vrprismhost process
+
+	VRApplication_Max
+};
+
+
+/** returns true if the specified application type is one of the
+* OpenXR types */
+inline bool IsOpenXRAppType( EVRApplicationType eType )
+{
+	return eType == VRApplication_OpenXRInstance
+		|| eType == VRApplication_OpenXRScene
+		|| eType == VRApplication_OpenXROverlay;
+}
+
+
+/** error codes for firmware */
+enum EVRFirmwareError
+{
+	VRFirmwareError_None = 0,
+	VRFirmwareError_Success = 1,
+	VRFirmwareError_Fail = 2,
+};
+
+
+/** error codes for notifications */
+enum EVRNotificationError
+{
+	VRNotificationError_OK = 0,
+	VRNotificationError_InvalidNotificationId = 100,
+	VRNotificationError_NotificationQueueFull = 101,
+	VRNotificationError_InvalidOverlayHandle = 102,
+	VRNotificationError_SystemWithUserValueAlreadyExists = 103,
+};
+
+
+enum EVRSkeletalMotionRange
+{
+	// The range of motion of the skeleton takes into account any physical limits imposed by
+	// the controller itself.  This will tend to be the most accurate pose compared to the user's
+	// actual hand pose, but might not allow a closed fist for example
+	VRSkeletalMotionRange_WithController = 0,
+
+	// Retarget the range of motion provided by the input device to make the hand appear to move
+	// as if it was not holding a controller.  eg: map "hand grasping controller" to "closed fist"
+	VRSkeletalMotionRange_WithoutController = 1,
+};
+
+enum EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel
+{
+	// body part location can't be directly determined by the device. Any skeletal pose provided by
+	// the device is estimated by assuming the position required to active buttons, triggers, joysticks,
+	// or other input sensors.
+	// E.g. Vive Controller, Gamepad
+	VRSkeletalTracking_Estimated = 0,
+
+	// body part location can be measured directly but with fewer degrees of freedom than the actual body
+	// part. Certain body part positions may be unmeasured by the device and estimated from other input data.
+	// E.g. Index Controllers, gloves that only measure finger curl
+	VRSkeletalTracking_Partial = 1,
+
+	// Body part location can be measured directly throughout the entire range of motion of the body part.
+	// E.g. Mocap suit for the full body, gloves that measure rotation of each finger segment
+	VRSkeletalTracking_Full = 2,
+
+	VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Count,
+	VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Max = VRSkeletalTrackingLevel_Count - 1
+};
+
+
+/** Type used for referring to bones by their index */
+typedef int32_t BoneIndex_t;
+const BoneIndex_t k_unInvalidBoneIndex = -1;
+
+
+/** error codes returned by Vr_Init */
+
+// Please add adequate error description to https://developer.valvesoftware.com/w/index.php?title=Category:SteamVRHelp
+enum EVRInitError
+{
+	VRInitError_None	= 0,
+	VRInitError_Unknown = 1,
+
+	VRInitError_Init_InstallationNotFound			= 100,
+	VRInitError_Init_InstallationCorrupt			= 101,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRClientDLLNotFound			= 102,
+	VRInitError_Init_FileNotFound					= 103,
+	VRInitError_Init_FactoryNotFound				= 104,
+	VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound				= 105,
+	VRInitError_Init_InvalidInterface				= 106,
+	VRInitError_Init_UserConfigDirectoryInvalid		= 107,
+	VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFound					= 108,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotInitialized					= 109,
+	VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotFound			= 110,
+	VRInitError_Init_NoConfigPath					= 111,
+	VRInitError_Init_NoLogPath						= 112,
+	VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotWritable		= 113,
+	VRInitError_Init_AppInfoInitFailed				= 114,
+	VRInitError_Init_Retry							= 115, // Used internally to cause retries to vrserver
+	VRInitError_Init_InitCanceledByUser				= 116, // The calling application should silently exit. The user canceled app startup
+	VRInitError_Init_AnotherAppLaunching			= 117,
+	VRInitError_Init_SettingsInitFailed				= 118,
+	VRInitError_Init_ShuttingDown					= 119,
+	VRInitError_Init_TooManyObjects					= 120,
+	VRInitError_Init_NoServerForBackgroundApp		= 121,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotSupportedWithCompositor		= 122,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToUtilityApps		= 123,
+	VRInitError_Init_Internal				 		= 124,
+	VRInitError_Init_HmdDriverIdIsNone		 		= 125,
+	VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFoundPresenceFailed 		= 126,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorNotFound				= 127,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorStartupFailed			= 128,
+	VRInitError_Init_LowPowerWatchdogNotSupported	= 129,
+	VRInitError_Init_InvalidApplicationType			= 130,
+	VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToWatchdogApps		= 131,
+	VRInitError_Init_WatchdogDisabledInSettings		= 132,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardNotFound			= 133,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardStartupFailed		= 134,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRHomeNotFound					= 135,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRHomeStartupFailed			= 136,
+	VRInitError_Init_RebootingBusy					= 137,
+	VRInitError_Init_FirmwareUpdateBusy				= 138,
+	VRInitError_Init_FirmwareRecoveryBusy			= 139,
+	VRInitError_Init_USBServiceBusy					= 140,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRWebHelperStartupFailed		= 141,
+	VRInitError_Init_TrackerManagerInitFailed		= 142,
+	VRInitError_Init_AlreadyRunning					= 143,
+	VRInitError_Init_FailedForVrMonitor				= 144,
+	VRInitError_Init_PropertyManagerInitFailed		= 145,
+	VRInitError_Init_WebServerFailed				= 146,
+	VRInitError_Init_IllegalTypeTransition			= 147,
+	VRInitError_Init_MismatchedRuntimes				= 148,
+	VRInitError_Init_InvalidProcessId				= 149,
+	VRInitError_Init_VRServiceStartupFailed			= 150,
+	VRInitError_Init_PrismNeedsNewDrivers			= 151,
+	VRInitError_Init_PrismStartupTimedOut			= 152,
+	VRInitError_Init_CouldNotStartPrism				= 153,
+	VRInitError_Init_CreateDriverDirectDeviceFailed = 154,
+	VRInitError_Init_PrismExitedUnexpectedly		= 155,
+
+	VRInitError_Driver_Failed						= 200,
+	VRInitError_Driver_Unknown						= 201,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdUnknown					= 202,
+	VRInitError_Driver_NotLoaded					= 203,
+	VRInitError_Driver_RuntimeOutOfDate				= 204,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdInUse						= 205,
+	VRInitError_Driver_NotCalibrated				= 206,
+	VRInitError_Driver_CalibrationInvalid			= 207,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFound			= 208,
+	VRInitError_Driver_TrackedDeviceInterfaceUnknown = 209,
+	// VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundAfterFix = 210, // not needed: here for historic reasons
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDriverIdOutOfBounds		= 211,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayMirrored			= 212,
+	VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundLaptop		= 213,
+	// Never make error 259 because we return it from main and it would conflict with STILL_ACTIVE
+
+	VRInitError_IPC_ServerInitFailed				= 300,
+	VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailed					= 301,
+	VRInitError_IPC_SharedStateInitFailed			= 302,
+	VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInitFailed			= 303,
+	VRInitError_IPC_MutexInitFailed					= 304,
+	VRInitError_IPC_Failed							= 305,
+	VRInitError_IPC_CompositorConnectFailed			= 306,
+	VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInvalidConnectResponse = 307,
+	VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterMultipleAttempts = 308,
+	VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterTargetExited = 309,
+	VRInitError_IPC_NamespaceUnavailable			 = 310,
+
+	VRInitError_Compositor_Failed												= 400,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11HardwareRequired								= 401,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FirmwareRequiresUpdate								= 402,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_OverlayInitFailed									= 403,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_ScreenshotsInitFailed								= 404,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_UnableToCreateDevice									= 405,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SharedStateIsNull									= 406,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_NotificationManagerIsNull							= 407,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_ResourceManagerClientIsNull							= 408,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_MessageOverlaySharedStateInitFailure					= 409,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_PropertiesInterfaceIsNull							= 410,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFullscreenWindowFailed							= 411,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SettingsInterfaceIsNull								= 412,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToShowWindow									= 413,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DistortInterfaceIsNull								= 414,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayFrequencyFailure								= 415,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_RendererInitializationFailed							= 416,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryInterfaceIsNull							= 417,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryCreateFailed								= 418,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryQueryFailed								= 419,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidAdapterDesktop								= 420,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdAttachment									= 421,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidOutputDesktop									= 422,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidDeviceProvided								= 423,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11RendererInitializationFailed					= 424,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToFindDisplayMode								= 425,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateSwapChain								= 426,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetBackBuffer								= 427,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateRenderTarget							= 428,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2SwapChain							= 429,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedtoGetDXGI2BackBuffer							= 430,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2RenderTarget						= 431,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetDXGIDeviceInterface						= 432,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SelectDisplayMode									= 433,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateNvAPIRenderTargets						= 434,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_NvAPISetDisplayMode									= 435,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDirectModeDisplay						= 436,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdPropertyContainer							= 437,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_UpdateDisplayFrequency								= 438,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateRasterizerState								= 439,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateWireframeRasterizerState						= 440,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSamplerState									= 441,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateClampToBorderSamplerState						= 442,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAnisoSamplerState								= 443,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlaySamplerState							= 444,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanoramaSamplerState							= 445,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFontSamplerState								= 446,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateNoBlendState									= 447,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendState										= 448,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAlphaBlendState								= 449,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskR								= 450,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskG								= 451,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskB								= 452,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilState								= 453,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoWrite						= 454,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoDepth						= 455,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFlushTexture									= 456,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDistortionSurfaces								= 457,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateConstantBuffer									= 458,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseConstantBuffer							= 459,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseStagingConstantBuffer					= 460,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSharedFrameInfoConstantBuffer					= 461,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayConstantBuffer							= 462,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer				= 463,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateReadableSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer		= 464,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerGraphicsTextureIndexConstantBuffer		= 465,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeTextureIndexConstantBuffer			= 466,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer	= 467,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeHmdPoseConstantBuffer					= 468,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateGeomConstantBuffer								= 469,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanelMaskConstantBuffer						= 470,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePixelSimUBO									= 471,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMSAARenderTextures								= 472,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateResolveRenderTextures							= 473,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeResolveRenderTextures					= 474,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDriverDirectModeResolveTextures				= 475,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_OpenDriverDirectModeResolveTextures					= 476,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFallbackSyncTexture							= 477,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_ShareFallbackSyncTexture								= 478,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayIndexBuffer								= 479,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayVertexBuffer							= 480,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextVertexBuffer								= 481,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextIndexBuffer								= 482,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorTextures									= 483,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLastFrameRenderTexture							= 484,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorOverlay									= 485,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateVirtualDisplayBackbuffer				= 486,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayModeNotSupported								= 487,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayInvalidCall								= 488,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayAlreadyInitialized						= 489,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateMailbox								= 490,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_WindowInterfaceIsNull								= 491,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateInstance							= 492,
+	VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateSession								= 493,
+
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_UnableToConnectToOculusRuntime		= 1000,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_WindowsNotInDevMode					= 1001,
+
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantOpenDevice 				= 1101,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToRequestConfigStart	= 1102,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_NoStoredConfig 				= 1103,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooBig 				= 1104,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooSmall 				= 1105,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToInitZLib 			= 1106,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantReadFirmwareVersion 	= 1107,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToSendUserDataStart	= 1108,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataStart	= 1109,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataNext		= 1110,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataAddressRange		= 1111,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataError				= 1112,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigFailedSanityCheck		= 1113,
+	VRInitError_VendorSpecific_OculusRuntimeBadInstall				= 1114,
+
+	VRInitError_Steam_SteamInstallationNotFound = 2000,
+
+	// Strictly a placeholder
+	VRInitError_LastError
+};
+
+enum EVRScreenshotType
+{
+	VRScreenshotType_None = 0,
+	VRScreenshotType_Mono = 1, // left eye only
+	VRScreenshotType_Stereo = 2,
+	VRScreenshotType_Cubemap = 3,
+	VRScreenshotType_MonoPanorama = 4,
+	VRScreenshotType_StereoPanorama = 5
+};
+
+enum EVRScreenshotPropertyFilenames
+{
+	VRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_Preview = 0,
+	VRScreenshotPropertyFilenames_VR = 1,
+};
+
+enum EVRTrackedCameraError
+{
+	VRTrackedCameraError_None                       = 0,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_OperationFailed            = 100,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidHandle              = 101,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidFrameHeaderVersion  = 102,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_OutOfHandles               = 103,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_IPCFailure                 = 104,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_NotSupportedForThisDevice  = 105,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_SharedMemoryFailure        = 106,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_FrameBufferingFailure      = 107,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_StreamSetupFailure         = 108,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidGLTextureId         = 109,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidSharedTextureHandle = 110,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_FailedToGetGLTextureId     = 111,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_SharedTextureFailure       = 112,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_NoFrameAvailable           = 113,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidArgument            = 114,
+	VRTrackedCameraError_InvalidFrameBufferSize     = 115,
+};
+
+enum EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout
+{
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_Mono				= 0x0001,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_Stereo				= 0x0002,
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_VerticalLayout		= 0x0010,	// Stereo frames are Top/Bottom (left/right)
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameLayout_HorizontalLayout	= 0x0020,	// Stereo frames are Left/Right
+};
+
+enum EVRTrackedCameraFrameType
+{
+	VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Distorted = 0,			// This is the camera video frame size in pixels, still distorted.
+	VRTrackedCameraFrameType_Undistorted,			// In pixels, an undistorted inscribed rectangle region without invalid regions. This size is subject to changes shortly.
+	VRTrackedCameraFrameType_MaximumUndistorted,	// In pixels, maximum undistorted with invalid regions. Non zero alpha component identifies valid regions.
+	MAX_CAMERA_FRAME_TYPES
+};
+
+enum EVRDistortionFunctionType
+{
+	VRDistortionFunctionType_None,
+	VRDistortionFunctionType_FTheta,
+	VRDistortionFunctionType_Extended_FTheta,
+	MAX_DISTORTION_FUNCTION_TYPES,
+};
+
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxDistortionFunctionParameters = 8;
+
+typedef uint64_t TrackedCameraHandle_t;
+#define INVALID_TRACKED_CAMERA_HANDLE	((vr::TrackedCameraHandle_t)0)
+
+struct CameraVideoStreamFrameHeader_t
+{
+	EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType;
+
+	uint32_t nWidth;
+	uint32_t nHeight;
+	uint32_t nBytesPerPixel;
+
+	uint32_t nFrameSequence;
+
+	TrackedDevicePose_t trackedDevicePose;
+
+	uint64_t ulFrameExposureTime;						// mid-point of the exposure of the image in host system ticks
+};
+
+// Screenshot types
+typedef uint32_t ScreenshotHandle_t;
+
+static const uint32_t k_unScreenshotHandleInvalid = 0;
+
+/** Compositor frame timing reprojection flags. */
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionReason_Cpu = 0x01;
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionReason_Gpu = 0x02;
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionAsync = 0x04;	// This flag indicates the async reprojection mode is active,
+															// but does not indicate if reprojection actually happened or not.
+															// Use the ReprojectionReason flags above to check if reprojection
+															// was actually applied (i.e. scene texture was reused).
+															// NumFramePresents > 1 also indicates the scene texture was reused,
+															// and also the number of times that it was presented in total.
+
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion = 0x08;	// This flag indicates whether or not motion smoothing was triggered for this frame
+
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_PredictionMask = 0xF0;	// The runtime may predict more than one frame (up to four) ahead if
+															// it detects the application is taking too long to render. These two
+															// bits will contain the count of additional frames (normally zero).
+															// Use the VR_COMPOSITOR_ADDITIONAL_PREDICTED_FRAMES macro to read from
+															// the latest frame timing entry.
+
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ThrottleMask = 0xF00;	// Number of frames the compositor is throttling the application.
+															// Use the VR_COMPOSITOR_NUMBER_OF_THROTTLED_FRAMES macro to read from
+															// the latest frame timing entry.
+
+#define VR_COMPOSITOR_ADDITIONAL_PREDICTED_FRAMES( timing ) ( ( ( timing ).m_nReprojectionFlags & vr::VRCompositor_PredictionMask ) >> 4 )
+#define VR_COMPOSITOR_NUMBER_OF_THROTTLED_FRAMES( timing ) ( ( ( timing ).m_nReprojectionFlags & vr::VRCompositor_ThrottleMask ) >> 8 )
+
+/** Provides a single frame's timing information to the app */
+struct Compositor_FrameTiming
+{
+	uint32_t m_nSize; // Set to sizeof( Compositor_FrameTiming )
+	uint32_t m_nFrameIndex;
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents; // number of times this frame was presented
+	uint32_t m_nNumMisPresented; // number of times this frame was presented on a vsync other than it was originally predicted to
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames; // number of additional times previous frame was scanned out
+	uint32_t m_nReprojectionFlags;
+
+	/** Absolute time reference for comparing frames.  This aligns with the vsync that running start is relative to. */
+	double m_flSystemTimeInSeconds;
+
+	/** These times may include work from other processes due to OS scheduling.
+	* The fewer packets of work these are broken up into, the less likely this will happen.
+	* GPU work can be broken up by calling Flush.  This can sometimes be useful to get the GPU started
+	* processing that work earlier in the frame. */
+	float m_flPreSubmitGpuMs; // time spent rendering the scene (gpu work submitted between WaitGetPoses and second Submit)
+	float m_flPostSubmitGpuMs; // additional time spent rendering by application (e.g. companion window)
+	float m_flTotalRenderGpuMs; // time between work submitted immediately after present (ideally vsync) until the end of compositor submitted work
+	float m_flCompositorRenderGpuMs; // time spend performing distortion correction, rendering chaperone, overlays, etc.
+	float m_flCompositorRenderCpuMs; // time spent on cpu submitting the above work for this frame
+	float m_flCompositorIdleCpuMs; // time spent waiting for running start (application could have used this much more time)
+
+	/** Miscellaneous measured intervals. */
+	float m_flClientFrameIntervalMs; // time between calls to WaitGetPoses
+	float m_flPresentCallCpuMs; // time blocked on call to present (usually 0.0, but can go long)
+	float m_flWaitForPresentCpuMs; // time spent spin-waiting for frame index to change (not near-zero indicates wait object failure)
+	float m_flSubmitFrameMs; // time spent in IVRCompositor::Submit (not near-zero indicates driver issue)
+
+	/** The following are all relative to this frame's SystemTimeInSeconds */
+	float m_flWaitGetPosesCalledMs;
+	float m_flNewPosesReadyMs;
+	float m_flNewFrameReadyMs; // second call to IVRCompositor::Submit
+	float m_flCompositorUpdateStartMs;
+	float m_flCompositorUpdateEndMs;
+	float m_flCompositorRenderStartMs;
+
+	vr::TrackedDevicePose_t m_HmdPose; // pose used by app to render this frame
+
+	uint32_t m_nNumVSyncsReadyForUse;
+	uint32_t m_nNumVSyncsToFirstView;
+};
+
+/** Provides compositor benchmark results to the app */
+struct Compositor_BenchmarkResults
+{
+	float m_flMegaPixelsPerSecond; // Measurement of GPU MP/s performed by compositor benchmark
+	float m_flHmdRecommendedMegaPixelsPerSecond; // Recommended default MP/s given the HMD resolution, refresh, and panel mask.
+};
+
+/** Frame timing data provided by direct mode drivers. */
+struct DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming
+{
+	uint32_t m_nSize; // Set to sizeof( DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming )
+	uint32_t m_nNumFramePresents; // number of times frame was presented
+	uint32_t m_nNumMisPresented; // number of times frame was presented on a vsync other than it was originally predicted to
+	uint32_t m_nNumDroppedFrames; // number of additional times previous frame was scanned out (i.e. compositor missed vsync)
+	uint32_t m_nReprojectionFlags;
+};
+
+/** These flags will be set on DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming::m_nReprojectionFlags when IVRDriverDirectModeComponent::GetFrameTiming is called for drivers to optionally respond to. */
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion_Enabled = 0x100; // Motion Smoothing is enabled in the UI for the currently running application
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion_ForcedOn = 0x200; // Motion Smoothing is forced on in the UI for the currently running application
+const uint32_t VRCompositor_ReprojectionMotion_AppThrottled = 0x400; // Application is requesting throttling via ForceInterleavedReprojectionOn
+
+
+enum EVSync
+{
+	VSync_None,
+	VSync_WaitRender,	// block following render work until vsync
+	VSync_NoWaitRender,	// do not block following render work (allow to get started early)
+};
+
+enum EVRMuraCorrectionMode
+{
+	EVRMuraCorrectionMode_Default = 0,
+	EVRMuraCorrectionMode_NoCorrection
+};
+
+/** raw IMU data provided by IVRIOBuffer from paths to tracked devices with IMUs */
+enum Imu_OffScaleFlags
+{
+	OffScale_AccelX	= 0x01,
+	OffScale_AccelY	= 0x02,
+	OffScale_AccelZ	= 0x04,
+	OffScale_GyroX	= 0x08,
+	OffScale_GyroY	= 0x10,
+	OffScale_GyroZ	= 0x20,
+};
+
+struct ImuSample_t
+{
+	double fSampleTime;
+	HmdVector3d_t vAccel;
+	HmdVector3d_t vGyro;
+	uint32_t unOffScaleFlags;
+};
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+// figure out how to import from the VR API dll
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+  #if !defined(OPENVR_BUILD_STATIC)
+    #ifdef VR_API_EXPORT
+      #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C" __declspec( dllexport )
+    #else
+      #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C" __declspec( dllimport )
+    #endif
+  #else
+    #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C"
+  #endif
+
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(COMPILER_GCC) || defined(__APPLE__)
+
+#ifdef VR_API_EXPORT
+  #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#else
+  #define VR_INTERFACE extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#else
+  #error "Unsupported Platform."
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+  #define VR_CALLTYPE __cdecl
+#else
+  #define VR_CALLTYPE
+#endif
+
+} // namespace vr
+#endif // _INCLUDE_VRTYPES_H
+
+// vrannotation.h
+
+#ifdef API_GEN
+# define VR_CLANG_ATTR(ATTR) __attribute__((annotate( ATTR )))
+#else
+# define VR_CLANG_ATTR(ATTR)
+#endif
+
+#define VR_METHOD_DESC(DESC) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "desc:" #DESC ";" )
+#define VR_IGNOREATTR() VR_CLANG_ATTR( "ignore" )
+#define VR_OUT_STRUCT() VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_struct: ;" )
+#define VR_OUT_STRING() VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_string: ;" )
+#define VR_OUT_ARRAY_CALL(COUNTER,FUNCTION,PARAMS) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_array_call:" #COUNTER "," #FUNCTION "," #PARAMS ";" )
+#define VR_OUT_ARRAY_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_array_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_ARRAY_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "array_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_ARRAY_COUNT_D(COUNTER, DESC) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "array_count:" #COUNTER ";desc:" #DESC )
+#define VR_BUFFER_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "buffer_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_OUT_BUFFER_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_buffer_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+#define VR_OUT_STRING_COUNT(COUNTER) VR_CLANG_ATTR( "out_string_count:" #COUNTER ";" )
+
+// vrtrackedcameratypes.h
+
+#ifndef _VRTRACKEDCAMERATYPES_H
+#define _VRTRACKEDCAMERATYPES_H
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+#pragma pack( push, 8 )
+
+enum ECameraVideoStreamFormat
+{
+	CVS_FORMAT_UNKNOWN = 0,
+	CVS_FORMAT_RAW10 = 1,		// 10 bits per pixel
+	CVS_FORMAT_NV12 = 2,		// 12 bits per pixel
+	CVS_FORMAT_RGB24 = 3,		// 24 bits per pixel
+	CVS_FORMAT_NV12_2 = 4,		// 12 bits per pixel, 2x height
+	CVS_FORMAT_YUYV16 = 5,		// 16 bits per pixel
+	CVS_FORMAT_BAYER16BG = 6,   // 16 bits per pixel, 10-bit BG-format Bayer, see https://docs.opencv.org/3.1.0/de/d25/imgproc_color_conversions.html
+	CVS_FORMAT_MJPEG = 7,       // variable-sized MJPEG Open DML format, see https://www.loc.gov/preservation/digital/formats/fdd/fdd000063.shtml
+	CVS_MAX_FORMATS
+};
+
+enum ECameraCompatibilityMode
+{
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_BULK_DEFAULT = 0,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_BULK_64K_DMA = 1,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_BULK_16K_DMA = 2,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_BULK_8K_DMA = 3,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_52FPS = 4,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_50FPS = 5,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_48FPS = 6,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_46FPS = 7,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_44FPS = 8,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_42FPS = 9,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_40FPS = 10,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_35FPS = 11,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_30FPS = 12,
+	CAMERA_COMPAT_MODE_ISO_15FPS = 13,
+	MAX_CAMERA_COMPAT_MODES
+};
+
+enum ECameraRoomViewStyle
+{
+	CAMERA_ROOMVIEW_STYLE_DEFAULT = 0,
+	CAMERA_ROOMVIEW_STYLE_EDGE_A = 1,
+	CAMERA_ROOMVIEW_STYLE_EDGE_B = 2,
+	CAMERA_ROOMVIEW_STYLE_VIDEO_TRANSLUSCENT = 3,
+	CAMERA_ROOMVIEW_STYLE_VIDEO_OPAQUE = 4,
+	CAMERA_ROOMVIEW_STYLE_COUNT = 5,
+};
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#define VR_CAMERA_DECL_ALIGN( x ) __declspec( align( x ) )
+#else
+#define VR_CAMERA_DECL_ALIGN( x ) //
+#endif
+
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxCameras = 4;
+static const uint32_t k_unMaxCameraFrameSharedHandles = 4;
+
+VR_CAMERA_DECL_ALIGN( 8 ) struct CameraVideoStreamFrame_t
+{
+	ECameraVideoStreamFormat m_nStreamFormat;
+
+	uint32_t m_nWidth;
+	uint32_t m_nHeight;
+
+	uint32_t m_nImageDataSize;						// Based on stream format, width, height
+
+	uint32_t m_nFrameSequence;						// Starts from 0 when stream starts.
+
+	uint32_t m_nBufferIndex;						// Identifies which buffer the image data is hosted
+	uint32_t m_nBufferCount;						// Total number of configured buffers
+
+	uint32_t m_nExposureTime;
+
+	uint32_t m_nISPFrameTimeStamp;					// Driver provided time stamp per driver centric time base
+	uint32_t m_nISPReferenceTimeStamp;
+	uint32_t m_nSyncCounter;
+
+	uint32_t m_nCamSyncEvents;
+	uint32_t m_nISPSyncEvents;
+
+	double m_flReferenceCamSyncTime;
+
+	double m_flFrameElapsedTime;					// Starts from 0 when stream starts. In seconds.
+	double m_flFrameDeliveryRate;
+
+	double m_flFrameCaptureTime_DriverAbsolute;		// In USB time, via AuxEvent
+	double m_flFrameCaptureTime_ServerRelative;		// In System time within the server
+	uint64_t m_nFrameCaptureTicks_ServerAbsolute;	// In system ticks within the server
+	double m_flFrameCaptureTime_ClientRelative;		// At the client, relative to when the frame was exposed/captured.
+
+	double m_flSyncMarkerError;
+
+	TrackedDevicePose_t m_RawTrackedDevicePose;	// Raw-and-uncalibrated pose, supplied by HMD layer when used as a tracked camera
+
+	uint64_t m_pImageData;
+};
+
+#pragma pack( pop )
+
+}
+
+#endif // _VRTRACKEDCAMERATYPES_H
+
+// ivrsettings.h
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	enum EVRSettingsError
+	{
+		VRSettingsError_None = 0,
+		VRSettingsError_IPCFailed = 1,
+		VRSettingsError_WriteFailed = 2,
+		VRSettingsError_ReadFailed = 3,
+		VRSettingsError_JsonParseFailed = 4,
+		VRSettingsError_UnsetSettingHasNoDefault = 5, // This will be returned if the setting does not appear in the appropriate default file and has not been set
+	};
+
+	// The maximum length of a settings key
+	static const uint32_t k_unMaxSettingsKeyLength = 128;
+
+	class IVRSettings
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual const char *GetSettingsErrorNameFromEnum( EVRSettingsError eError ) = 0;
+
+		virtual void SetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, bool bValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void SetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, int32_t nValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void SetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, float flValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void SetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, const char *pchValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		// Users of the system need to provide a proper default in default.vrsettings in the resources/settings/ directory
+		// of either the runtime or the driver_xxx directory. Otherwise the default will be false, 0, 0.0 or ""
+		virtual bool GetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual int32_t GetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual float GetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void GetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unValueLen, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+		virtual void RemoveSection( const char *pchSection, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+		virtual void RemoveKeyInSection( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+	};
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	static const char * const IVRSettings_Version = "IVRSettings_003";
+
+	class CVRSettingHelper
+	{
+		IVRSettings *m_pSettings;
+	public:
+		CVRSettingHelper( IVRSettings *pSettings )
+		{
+			m_pSettings = pSettings;
+		}
+
+		const char *GetSettingsErrorNameFromEnum( EVRSettingsError eError )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetSettingsErrorNameFromEnum( eError );
+		}
+
+		void SetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, bool bValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetBool( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, bValue, peError );
+		}
+
+		void SetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, int32_t nValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetInt32( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, nValue, peError );
+		}
+		void SetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, float flValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetFloat( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, flValue, peError );
+		}
+		void SetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, const char *pchValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetString( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, pchValue, peError );
+		}
+		void SetString( const std::string & sSection, const std::string &  sSettingsKey, const std::string & sValue, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->SetString( sSection.c_str(), sSettingsKey.c_str(), sValue.c_str(), peError );
+		}
+
+		bool GetBool( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetBool( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+		int32_t GetInt32( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetInt32( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+		float GetFloat( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			return m_pSettings->GetFloat( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+		void GetString( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unValueLen, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->GetString( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, pchValue, unValueLen, peError );
+		}
+		std::string GetString( const std::string & sSection, const std::string & sSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			char buf[4096];
+			vr::EVRSettingsError eError;
+			m_pSettings->GetString( sSection.c_str(), sSettingsKey.c_str(), buf, sizeof( buf ), &eError );
+			if ( peError )
+				*peError = eError;
+			if ( eError == vr::VRSettingsError_None )
+				return buf;
+			else
+				return "";
+		}
+
+		void RemoveSection( const char *pchSection, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->RemoveSection( pchSection, peError );
+		}
+		void RemoveKeyInSection( const char *pchSection, const char *pchSettingsKey, EVRSettingsError *peError = nullptr )
+		{
+			m_pSettings->RemoveKeyInSection( pchSection, pchSettingsKey, peError );
+		}
+	};
+
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// steamvr keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_Section = "steamvr";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_RequireHmd_String = "requireHmd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForcedDriverKey_String = "forcedDriver";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForcedHmdKey_String = "forcedHmd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebug_Bool = "displayDebug";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DebugProcessPipe_String = "debugProcessPipe";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebugX_Int32 = "displayDebugX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisplayDebugY_Int32 = "displayDebugY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SendSystemButtonToAllApps_Bool= "sendSystemButtonToAllApps";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_LogLevel_Int32 = "loglevel";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_IPD_Float = "ipd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_Background_String = "background";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundUseDomeProjection_Bool = "backgroundUseDomeProjection";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundCameraHeight_Float = "backgroundCameraHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BackgroundDomeRadius_Float = "backgroundDomeRadius";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_GridColor_String = "gridColor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_PlayAreaColor_String = "playAreaColor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_TrackingLossColor_String = "trackingLossColor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ShowStage_Bool = "showStage";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DrawTrackingReferences_Bool = "drawTrackingReferences";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ActivateMultipleDrivers_Bool = "activateMultipleDrivers";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_UsingSpeakers_Bool = "usingSpeakers";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SpeakersForwardYawOffsetDegrees_Float = "speakersForwardYawOffsetDegrees";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BaseStationPowerManagement_Int32 = "basestationPowerManagement";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ShowBaseStationPowerManagementTip_Int32 = "ShowBaseStationPowerManagementTip";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_NeverKillProcesses_Bool = "neverKillProcesses";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SupersampleScale_Float = "supersampleScale";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MaxRecommendedResolution_Int32 = "maxRecommendedResolution";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MotionSmoothing_Bool = "motionSmoothing";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MotionSmoothingOverride_Int32 = "motionSmoothingOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_FramesToThrottle_Int32 = "framesToThrottle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AdditionalFramesToPredict_Int32 = "additionalFramesToPredict";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DisableAsyncReprojection_Bool = "disableAsync";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForceFadeOnBadTracking_Bool = "forceFadeOnBadTracking";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DefaultMirrorView_Int32 = "mirrorView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ShowLegacyMirrorView_Bool = "showLegacyMirrorView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewVisibility_Bool = "showMirrorView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewDisplayMode_Int32 = "mirrorViewDisplayMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewEye_Int32 = "mirrorViewEye";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewGeometry_String = "mirrorViewGeometry";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_MirrorViewGeometryMaximized_String = "mirrorViewGeometryMaximized";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_PerfGraphVisibility_Bool = "showPerfGraph";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartMonitorFromAppLaunch = "startMonitorFromAppLaunch";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartCompositorFromAppLaunch_Bool = "startCompositorFromAppLaunch";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartDashboardFromAppLaunch_Bool = "startDashboardFromAppLaunch";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_StartOverlayAppsFromDashboard_Bool = "startOverlayAppsFromDashboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableHomeApp = "enableHomeApp";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CycleBackgroundImageTimeSec_Int32 = "CycleBackgroundImageTimeSec";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_RetailDemo_Bool = "retailDemo";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_IpdOffset_Float = "ipdOffset";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AllowSupersampleFiltering_Bool = "allowSupersampleFiltering";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_SupersampleManualOverride_Bool = "supersampleManualOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableLinuxVulkanAsync_Bool = "enableLinuxVulkanAsync";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AllowDisplayLockedMode_Bool = "allowDisplayLockedMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HaveStartedTutorialForNativeChaperoneDriver_Bool = "haveStartedTutorialForNativeChaperoneDriver";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_ForceWindows32bitVRMonitor = "forceWindows32BitVRMonitor";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DebugInputBinding = "debugInputBinding";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_DoNotFadeToGrid = "doNotFadeToGrid";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_RenderCameraMode = "renderCameraMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableSharedResourceJournaling = "enableSharedResourceJournaling";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_EnableSafeMode = "enableSafeMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_PreferredRefreshRate = "preferredRefreshRate";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_LastVersionNotice = "lastVersionNotice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_LastVersionNoticeDate = "lastVersionNoticeDate";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainR_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainR";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainG_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainG";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HmdDisplayColorGainB_Float = "hmdDisplayColorGainB";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CustomIconStyle_String = "customIconStyle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CustomOffIconStyle_String = "customOffIconStyle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_CustomIconForceUpdate_String = "customIconForceUpdate";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_AllowGlobalActionSetPriority = "globalActionSetPriority";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_OverlayRenderQuality = "overlayRenderQuality_2";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BlockOculusSDKOnOpenVRLaunchOption_Bool = "blockOculusSDKOnOpenVRLaunchOption";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_BlockOculusSDKOnAllLaunches_Bool = "blockOculusSDKOnAllLaunches";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_HDCPLegacyCompatibility_Bool = "hdcp14legacyCompatibility";
+	static const char * const k_pch_SteamVR_UsePrism_Bool = "usePrism";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// direct mode keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_Section = "direct_mode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_Enable_Bool = "enable";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_Count_Int32 = "count";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_EdidVid_Int32 = "edidVid";
+	static const char * const k_pch_DirectMode_EdidPid_Int32 = "edidPid";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// lighthouse keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_Section = "driver_lighthouse";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DisableIMU_Bool = "disableimu";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DisableIMUExceptHMD_Bool = "disableimuexcepthmd";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_UseDisambiguation_String = "usedisambiguation";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DisambiguationDebug_Int32 = "disambiguationdebug";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_PrimaryBasestation_Int32 = "primarybasestation";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_DBHistory_Bool = "dbhistory";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_EnableBluetooth_Bool = "enableBluetooth";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_PowerManagedBaseStations_String = "PowerManagedBaseStations";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_PowerManagedBaseStations2_String = "PowerManagedBaseStations2";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_InactivityTimeoutForBaseStations_Int32 = "InactivityTimeoutForBaseStations";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Lighthouse_EnableImuFallback_Bool = "enableImuFallback";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// null keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_Section = "driver_null";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_SerialNumber_String = "serialNumber";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_ModelNumber_String = "modelNumber";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowX_Int32 = "windowX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowY_Int32 = "windowY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowWidth_Int32 = "windowWidth";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_WindowHeight_Int32 = "windowHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_RenderWidth_Int32 = "renderWidth";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_RenderHeight_Int32 = "renderHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_SecondsFromVsyncToPhotons_Float = "secondsFromVsyncToPhotons";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Null_DisplayFrequency_Float = "displayFrequency";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Windows MR keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_WindowsMR_Section = "driver_holographic";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// user interface keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_Section = "userinterface";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_StatusAlwaysOnTop_Bool = "StatusAlwaysOnTop";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_MinimizeToTray_Bool = "MinimizeToTray";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_HidePopupsWhenStatusMinimized_Bool = "HidePopupsWhenStatusMinimized";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_Screenshots_Bool = "screenshots";
+	static const char * const k_pch_UserInterface_ScreenshotType_Int = "screenshotType";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// notification keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Notifications_Section = "notifications";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Notifications_DoNotDisturb_Bool = "DoNotDisturb";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// keyboard keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_Section = "keyboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_TutorialCompletions = "TutorialCompletions";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_ScaleX = "ScaleX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_ScaleY = "ScaleY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetLeftX = "OffsetLeftX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetRightX = "OffsetRightX";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_OffsetY = "OffsetY";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Keyboard_Smoothing = "Smoothing";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// perf keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_Section = "perfcheck";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_PerfGraphInHMD_Bool = "perfGraphInHMD";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_AllowTimingStore_Bool = "allowTimingStore";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_SaveTimingsOnExit_Bool = "saveTimingsOnExit";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_TestData_Float = "perfTestData";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Perf_GPUProfiling_Bool = "GPUProfiling";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// collision bounds keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_Section = "collisionBounds";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_Style_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsStyle";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_GroundPerimeterOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsGroundPerimeterOn";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_CenterMarkerOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsCenterMarkerOn";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_PlaySpaceOn_Bool = "CollisionBoundsPlaySpaceOn";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_FadeDistance_Float = "CollisionBoundsFadeDistance";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_WallHeight_Float = "CollisionBoundsWallHeight";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaR_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaR";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaG_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaG";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaB_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaB";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_ColorGammaA_Int32 = "CollisionBoundsColorGammaA";
+	static const char * const k_pch_CollisionBounds_EnableDriverImport = "enableDriverBoundsImport";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// camera keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_Section = "camera";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_EnableCamera_Bool = "enableCamera";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_ShowOnController_Bool = "showOnController";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_EnableCameraForCollisionBounds_Bool = "enableCameraForCollisionBounds";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_RoomView_Int32 = "roomView";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaR_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaR";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaG_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaG";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaB_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaB";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsColorGammaA_Int32 = "cameraBoundsColorGammaA";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_BoundsStrength_Int32 = "cameraBoundsStrength";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Camera_RoomViewStyle_Int32 = "roomViewStyle";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// audio keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_Section = "audio";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_SetOsDefaultPlaybackDevice_Bool = "setOsDefaultPlaybackDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackDeviceOverride_Bool = "enablePlaybackDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackDeviceOverride_String = "playbackDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackDeviceOverrideName_String = "playbackDeviceOverrideName";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_SetOsDefaultRecordingDevice_Bool = "setOsDefaultRecordingDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnableRecordingDeviceOverride_Bool = "enableRecordingDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_RecordingDeviceOverride_String = "recordingDeviceOverride";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_RecordingDeviceOverrideName_String = "recordingDeviceOverrideName";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackMirror_Bool = "enablePlaybackMirror";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackMirrorDevice_String = "playbackMirrorDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_PlaybackMirrorDeviceName_String = "playbackMirrorDeviceName";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_OldPlaybackMirrorDevice_String = "onPlaybackMirrorDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_ActiveMirrorDevice_String = "activePlaybackMirrorDevice";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_EnablePlaybackMirrorIndependentVolume_Bool = "enablePlaybackMirrorIndependentVolume";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_LastHmdPlaybackDeviceId_String = "lastHmdPlaybackDeviceId";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_VIVEHDMIGain = "viveHDMIGain";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_DualSpeakerAndJackOutput_Bool = "dualSpeakerAndJackOutput";
+	static const char * const k_pch_audio_MuteMicMonitor_Bool = "muteMicMonitor";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// power management keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_Section = "power";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_PowerOffOnExit_Bool = "powerOffOnExit";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_TurnOffScreensTimeout_Float = "turnOffScreensTimeout";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_TurnOffControllersTimeout_Float = "turnOffControllersTimeout";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_ReturnToWatchdogTimeout_Float = "returnToWatchdogTimeout";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_AutoLaunchSteamVROnButtonPress = "autoLaunchSteamVROnButtonPress";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Power_PauseCompositorOnStandby_Bool = "pauseCompositorOnStandby";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// dashboard keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_Section = "dashboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_EnableDashboard_Bool = "enableDashboard";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_ArcadeMode_Bool = "arcadeMode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_Position = "position";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_DesktopScale = "desktopScale";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_DashboardScale = "dashboardScale";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Dashboard_UseStandaloneSystemLayer = "standaloneSystemLayer";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// model skin keys
+	static const char * const k_pch_modelskin_Section = "modelskins";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// driver keys - These could be checked in any driver_<name> section
+	static const char * const k_pch_Driver_Enable_Bool = "enable";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Driver_BlockedBySafemode_Bool = "blocked_by_safe_mode";
+	static const char * const k_pch_Driver_LoadPriority_Int32 = "loadPriority";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// web interface keys
+	static const char* const k_pch_WebInterface_Section = "WebInterface";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// vrwebhelper keys
+	static const char* const k_pch_VRWebHelper_Section = "VRWebHelper";
+	static const char* const k_pch_VRWebHelper_DebuggerEnabled_Bool = "DebuggerEnabled";
+	static const char* const k_pch_VRWebHelper_DebuggerPort_Int32 = "DebuggerPort";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// tracking overrides - keys are device paths, values are the device paths their
+	//  tracking/pose information overrides
+	static const char* const k_pch_TrackingOverride_Section = "TrackingOverrides";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// per-app keys - the section name for these is the app key itself. Some of these are prefixed by the controller type
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingAutosaveURLSuffix_String = "AutosaveURL";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingLegacyAPISuffix_String = "_legacy";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingSteamVRInputAPISuffix_String = "_steamvrinput";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingCurrentURLSuffix_String = "CurrentURL";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BindingPreviousURLSuffix_String = "PreviousURL";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_NeedToUpdateAutosaveSuffix_Bool = "NeedToUpdateAutosave";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_DominantHand_Int32 = "DominantHand";
+	static const char* const k_pch_App_BlockOculusSDK_Bool = "blockOculusSDK";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// configuration for trackers
+	static const char * const k_pch_Trackers_Section = "trackers";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// configuration for desktop UI windows
+	static const char * const k_pch_DesktopUI_Section = "DesktopUI";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Last known keys for righting recovery
+	static const char * const k_pch_LastKnown_Section = "LastKnown";
+	static const char* const k_pch_LastKnown_HMDManufacturer_String = "HMDManufacturer";
+	static const char* const k_pch_LastKnown_HMDModel_String = "HMDModel";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Dismissed warnings
+	static const char * const k_pch_DismissedWarnings_Section = "DismissedWarnings";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Input Settings
+	static const char * const k_pch_Input_Section = "input";
+	static const char* const k_pch_Input_LeftThumbstickRotation_Float = "leftThumbstickRotation";
+	static const char* const k_pch_Input_RightThumbstickRotation_Float = "rightThumbstickRotation";
+	static const char* const k_pch_Input_ThumbstickDeadzone_Float = "thumbstickDeadzone";
+
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Log of GPU performance
+	static const char * const k_pch_GpuSpeed_Section = "GpuSpeed";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+// iservertrackeddevicedriver.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+
+struct DriverPoseQuaternion_t
+{
+	double w, x, y, z;
+};
+
+struct DriverPose_t
+{
+	/* Time offset of this pose, in seconds from the actual time of the pose,
+	 * relative to the time of the PoseUpdated() call made by the driver.
+	 */
+	double poseTimeOffset;
+
+	/* Generally, the pose maintained by a driver
+	 * is in an inertial coordinate system different
+	 * from the world system of x+ right, y+ up, z+ back.
+	 * Also, the driver is not usually tracking the "head" position,
+	 * but instead an internal IMU or another reference point in the HMD.
+	 * The following two transforms transform positions and orientations
+	 * to app world space from driver world space,
+	 * and to HMD head space from driver local body space.
+	 *
+	 * We maintain the driver pose state in its internal coordinate system,
+	 * so we can do the pose prediction math without having to
+	 * use angular acceleration.  A driver's angular acceleration is generally not measured,
+	 * and is instead calculated from successive samples of angular velocity.
+	 * This leads to a noisy angular acceleration values, which are also
+	 * lagged due to the filtering required to reduce noise to an acceptable level.
+	 */
+	vr::HmdQuaternion_t qWorldFromDriverRotation;
+	double vecWorldFromDriverTranslation[ 3 ];
+
+	vr::HmdQuaternion_t qDriverFromHeadRotation;
+	double vecDriverFromHeadTranslation[ 3 ];
+
+	/* State of driver pose, in meters and radians. */
+	/* Position of the driver tracking reference in driver world space
+	* +[0] (x) is right
+	* +[1] (y) is up
+	* -[2] (z) is forward
+	*/
+	double vecPosition[ 3 ];
+
+	/* Velocity of the pose in meters/second */
+	double vecVelocity[ 3 ];
+
+	/* Acceleration of the pose in meters/second */
+	double vecAcceleration[ 3 ];
+
+	/* Orientation of the tracker, represented as a quaternion */
+	vr::HmdQuaternion_t qRotation;
+
+	/* Angular velocity of the pose in axis-angle
+	* representation. The direction is the angle of
+	* rotation and the magnitude is the angle around
+	* that axis in radians/second. */
+	double vecAngularVelocity[ 3 ];
+
+	/* Angular acceleration of the pose in axis-angle
+	* representation. The direction is the angle of
+	* rotation and the magnitude is the angle around
+	* that axis in radians/second^2. */
+	double vecAngularAcceleration[ 3 ];
+
+	ETrackingResult result;
+
+	bool poseIsValid;
+	bool willDriftInYaw;
+	bool shouldApplyHeadModel;
+	bool deviceIsConnected;
+};
+
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Represents a single tracked device in a driver
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ITrackedDeviceServerDriver
+{
+public:
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Management Methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+	/** This is called before an HMD is returned to the application. It will always be
+	* called before any display or tracking methods. Memory and processor use by the
+	* ITrackedDeviceServerDriver object should be kept to a minimum until it is activated.
+	* The pose listener is guaranteed to be valid until Deactivate is called, but
+	* should not be used after that point. */
+	virtual EVRInitError Activate( uint32_t unObjectId ) = 0;
+
+	/** This is called when The VR system is switching from this Hmd being the active display
+	* to another Hmd being the active display. The driver should clean whatever memory
+	* and thread use it can when it is deactivated */
+	virtual void Deactivate() = 0;
+
+	/** Handles a request from the system to put this device into standby mode. What that means is defined per-device. */
+	virtual void EnterStandby() = 0;
+
+	/** Requests a component interface of the driver for device-specific functionality. The driver should return NULL
+	* if the requested interface or version is not supported. */
+	virtual void *GetComponent( const char *pchComponentNameAndVersion ) = 0;
+
+	/** A VR Client has made this debug request of the driver. The set of valid requests is entirely
+	* up to the driver and the client to figure out, as is the format of the response. Responses that
+	* exceed the length of the supplied buffer should be truncated and null terminated */
+	virtual void DebugRequest( const char *pchRequest, char *pchResponseBuffer, uint32_t unResponseBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Tracking Methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+	virtual DriverPose_t GetPose() = 0;
+};
+
+
+
+static const char *ITrackedDeviceServerDriver_Version = "ITrackedDeviceServerDriver_005";
+
+}
+
+// ivrdisplaycomponent.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Purpose: The display component on a single tracked device
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	class IVRDisplayComponent
+	{
+	public:
+
+		// ------------------------------------
+		// Display Methods
+		// ------------------------------------
+
+		/** Size and position that the window needs to be on the VR display. */
+		virtual void GetWindowBounds( int32_t *pnX, int32_t *pnY, uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns true if the display is extending the desktop. */
+		virtual bool IsDisplayOnDesktop( ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns true if the display is real and not a fictional display. */
+		virtual bool IsDisplayRealDisplay( ) = 0;
+
+		/** Suggested size for the intermediate render target that the distortion pulls from. */
+		virtual void GetRecommendedRenderTargetSize( uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** Gets the viewport in the frame buffer to draw the output of the distortion into */
+		virtual void GetEyeOutputViewport( EVREye eEye, uint32_t *pnX, uint32_t *pnY, uint32_t *pnWidth, uint32_t *pnHeight ) = 0;
+
+		/** The components necessary to build your own projection matrix in case your
+		* application is doing something fancy like infinite Z */
+		virtual void GetProjectionRaw( EVREye eEye, float *pfLeft, float *pfRight, float *pfTop, float *pfBottom ) = 0;
+
+		/** Returns the result of the distortion function for the specified eye and input UVs. UVs go from 0,0 in
+		* the upper left of that eye's viewport and 1,1 in the lower right of that eye's viewport. */
+		virtual DistortionCoordinates_t ComputeDistortion( EVREye eEye, float fU, float fV ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char *IVRDisplayComponent_Version = "IVRDisplayComponent_002";
+
+}
+
+// ivrdriverdirectmodecomponent.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	enum VRSwapTextureFlag
+	{
+		// Specify that the shared texture resource was created with the SHARED_NTHANDLE option (Windows)
+		VRSwapTextureFlag_Shared_NTHandle = 1 << 0,
+	};
+
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Purpose: This component is used for drivers that implement direct mode entirely on their own
+	//			without allowing the VR Compositor to own the window/device.
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	class IVRDriverDirectModeComponent
+	{
+	public:
+
+		// -----------------------------------
+		// Direct mode methods
+		// -----------------------------------
+
+		struct SwapTextureSetDesc_t
+		{
+			uint32_t nWidth;
+			uint32_t nHeight;
+			uint32_t nFormat;
+			uint32_t nSampleCount;
+		};
+
+		struct SwapTextureSet_t
+		{
+			vr::SharedTextureHandle_t rSharedTextureHandles[ 3 ];
+			uint32_t unTextureFlags;
+		};
+
+		/** Called to allocate textures for applications to render into.  One of these per eye will be passed back to SubmitLayer each frame. */
+		virtual void CreateSwapTextureSet( uint32_t unPid, const SwapTextureSetDesc_t *pSwapTextureSetDesc, SwapTextureSet_t *pOutSwapTextureSet ) {}
+
+		/** Used to textures created using CreateSwapTextureSet.  Only one of the set's handles needs to be used to destroy the entire set. */
+		virtual void DestroySwapTextureSet( vr::SharedTextureHandle_t sharedTextureHandle ) {}
+
+		/** Used to purge all texture sets for a given process. */
+		virtual void DestroyAllSwapTextureSets( uint32_t unPid ) {}
+
+		/** After Present returns, calls this to get the next index to use for rendering. */
+		virtual void GetNextSwapTextureSetIndex( vr::SharedTextureHandle_t sharedTextureHandles[ 2 ], uint32_t( *pIndices )[ 2 ] ) {}
+
+		/** Call once per layer to draw for this frame.  One shared texture handle per eye.  Textures must be created
+		* using CreateSwapTextureSet and should be alternated per frame.  Call Present once all layers have been submitted. */
+		struct SubmitLayerPerEye_t
+		{
+			// Shared texture handles (depth not always provided).
+			vr::SharedTextureHandle_t hTexture, hDepthTexture;
+
+			// Valid region of provided texture (and depth).
+			vr::VRTextureBounds_t bounds;
+
+			// Projection matrix used to render the depth buffer.
+			vr::HmdMatrix44_t mProjection;
+
+			// Hmd pose used to render this layer.
+			vr::HmdMatrix34_t mHmdPose;
+		};
+		virtual void SubmitLayer( const SubmitLayerPerEye_t( &perEye )[ 2 ] ) {}
+
+		/** Submits queued layers for display. */
+		virtual void Present( vr::SharedTextureHandle_t syncTexture ) {}
+
+		/** Called after Present to allow driver to take more time until vsync after they've successfully acquired the sync texture in Present.*/
+		virtual void PostPresent() {}
+
+		/** Called to get additional frame timing stats from driver.  Check m_nSize for versioning (new members will be added to end only). */
+		virtual void GetFrameTiming( DriverDirectMode_FrameTiming *pFrameTiming ) {}
+	};
+
+	static const char *IVRDriverDirectModeComponent_Version = "IVRDriverDirectModeComponent_007";
+
+}
+
+// ivrcameracomponent.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	class ICameraVideoSinkCallback
+	{
+	public:
+		virtual void OnCameraVideoSinkCallback() = 0;
+	};
+
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Purpose: The camera on a single tracked device
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	class IVRCameraComponent
+	{
+	public:
+		// ------------------------------------
+		// Camera Methods
+		// ------------------------------------
+		virtual bool GetCameraFrameDimensions( vr::ECameraVideoStreamFormat nVideoStreamFormat, uint32_t *pWidth, uint32_t *pHeight ) = 0;
+		virtual bool GetCameraFrameBufferingRequirements( int *pDefaultFrameQueueSize, uint32_t *pFrameBufferDataSize ) = 0;
+		virtual bool SetCameraFrameBuffering( int nFrameBufferCount, void **ppFrameBuffers, uint32_t nFrameBufferDataSize ) = 0;
+		virtual bool SetCameraVideoStreamFormat( vr::ECameraVideoStreamFormat nVideoStreamFormat ) = 0;
+		virtual vr::ECameraVideoStreamFormat GetCameraVideoStreamFormat() = 0;
+		virtual bool StartVideoStream() = 0;
+		virtual void StopVideoStream() = 0;
+		virtual bool IsVideoStreamActive( bool *pbPaused, float *pflElapsedTime ) = 0;
+		virtual const vr::CameraVideoStreamFrame_t *GetVideoStreamFrame() = 0;
+		virtual void ReleaseVideoStreamFrame( const vr::CameraVideoStreamFrame_t *pFrameImage ) = 0;
+		virtual bool SetAutoExposure( bool bEnable ) = 0;
+		virtual bool PauseVideoStream() = 0;
+		virtual bool ResumeVideoStream() = 0;
+		virtual bool GetCameraDistortion( uint32_t nCameraIndex, float flInputU, float flInputV, float *pflOutputU, float *pflOutputV ) = 0;
+		virtual bool GetCameraProjection( uint32_t nCameraIndex, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, float flZNear, float flZFar, vr::HmdMatrix44_t *pProjection ) = 0;
+		virtual bool SetFrameRate( int nISPFrameRate, int nSensorFrameRate ) = 0;
+		virtual bool SetCameraVideoSinkCallback( vr::ICameraVideoSinkCallback *pCameraVideoSinkCallback ) = 0;
+		virtual bool GetCameraCompatibilityMode( vr::ECameraCompatibilityMode *pCameraCompatibilityMode ) = 0;
+		virtual bool SetCameraCompatibilityMode( vr::ECameraCompatibilityMode nCameraCompatibilityMode ) = 0;
+		virtual bool GetCameraFrameBounds( vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, uint32_t *pLeft, uint32_t *pTop, uint32_t *pWidth, uint32_t *pHeight ) = 0;
+		virtual bool GetCameraIntrinsics( uint32_t nCameraIndex, vr::EVRTrackedCameraFrameType eFrameType, HmdVector2_t *pFocalLength, HmdVector2_t *pCenter, vr::EVRDistortionFunctionType *peDistortionType, double rCoefficients[ k_unMaxDistortionFunctionParameters ] ) = 0;
+	};
+
+	static const char *IVRCameraComponent_Version = "IVRCameraComponent_003";
+}
+
+// itrackeddevicedriverprovider.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class ITrackedDeviceServerDriver;
+struct TrackedDeviceDriverInfo_t;
+struct DriverPose_t;
+
+/** This interface is provided by vrserver to allow the driver to notify
+* the system when something changes about a device. These changes must
+* not change the serial number or class of the device because those values
+* are permanently associated with the device's index. */
+class IVRDriverContext
+{
+public:
+	/** Returns the requested interface. If the interface was not available it will return NULL and fill
+	* out the error. */
+	virtual void *GetGenericInterface( const char *pchInterfaceVersion, EVRInitError *peError = nullptr ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the property container handle for this driver */
+	virtual DriverHandle_t GetDriverHandle() = 0;
+};
+
+
+/** This interface must be implemented in each driver. It will be loaded in vrserver.exe */
+class IServerTrackedDeviceProvider
+{
+public:
+	/** initializes the driver. This will be called before any other methods are called.
+	* If Init returns anything other than VRInitError_None the driver DLL will be unloaded.
+	*
+	* pDriverHost will never be NULL, and will always be a pointer to a IServerDriverHost interface
+	*
+	* pchUserDriverConfigDir - The absolute path of the directory where the driver should store user
+	*	config files.
+	* pchDriverInstallDir - The absolute path of the root directory for the driver.
+	*/
+	virtual EVRInitError Init( IVRDriverContext *pDriverContext ) = 0;
+
+	/** cleans up the driver right before it is unloaded */
+	virtual void Cleanup() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the version of the ITrackedDeviceServerDriver interface used by this driver */
+	virtual const char * const *GetInterfaceVersions() = 0;
+
+	/** Allows the driver do to some work in the main loop of the server. */
+	virtual void RunFrame() = 0;
+
+
+	// ------------  Power State Functions ----------------------- //
+
+	/** Returns true if the driver wants to block Standby mode. */
+	virtual bool ShouldBlockStandbyMode() = 0;
+
+	/** Called when the system is entering Standby mode. The driver should switch itself into whatever sort of low-power
+	* state it has. */
+	virtual void EnterStandby() = 0;
+
+	/** Called when the system is leaving Standby mode. The driver should switch itself back to
+	full operation. */
+	virtual void LeaveStandby() = 0;
+
+};
+
+
+static const char *IServerTrackedDeviceProvider_Version = "IServerTrackedDeviceProvider_004";
+
+
+
+
+/** This interface must be implemented in each driver. It will be loaded in vrclient.dll */
+class IVRWatchdogProvider
+{
+public:
+	/** initializes the driver in watchdog mode. */
+	virtual EVRInitError Init( IVRDriverContext *pDriverContext ) = 0;
+
+	/** cleans up the driver right before it is unloaded */
+	virtual void Cleanup() = 0;
+};
+
+static const char *IVRWatchdogProvider_Version = "IVRWatchdogProvider_001";
+
+
+
+
+/** This is an optional interface drivers may implement. It will be loaded in vrcompositor.exe */
+class IVRCompositorPluginProvider
+{
+public:
+	/** initializes the driver when used to load compositor plugins */
+	virtual EVRInitError Init( IVRDriverContext *pDriverContext ) = 0;
+
+	/** cleans up the driver right before it is unloaded */
+	virtual void Cleanup() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the versions of interfaces used by this driver */
+	virtual const char * const *GetInterfaceVersions() = 0;
+
+	/** Requests a component interface of the driver for specific functionality. The driver should return NULL
+	* if the requested interface or version is not supported. */
+	virtual void *GetComponent( const char *pchComponentNameAndVersion ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char *IVRCompositorPluginProvider_Version = "IVRCompositorPluginProvider_001";
+
+}
+
+// ivrproperties.h
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+	/** This container is automatically created before a display redirect device is activated.
+	* Any properties in this container will be returned when that property is read from the HMD's
+	* property container. */
+	static const PropertyContainerHandle_t k_ulDisplayRedirectContainer = 0x600000003;
+
+	enum EPropertyWriteType
+	{
+		PropertyWrite_Set = 0,
+		PropertyWrite_Erase = 1,
+		PropertyWrite_SetError = 2
+	};
+
+	struct PropertyWrite_t
+	{
+		ETrackedDeviceProperty prop;
+		EPropertyWriteType writeType;
+		ETrackedPropertyError eSetError;
+		void *pvBuffer;
+		uint32_t unBufferSize;
+		PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+		ETrackedPropertyError eError;
+	};
+
+	struct PropertyRead_t
+	{
+		ETrackedDeviceProperty prop;
+		void *pvBuffer;
+		uint32_t unBufferSize;
+		PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+		uint32_t unRequiredBufferSize;
+		ETrackedPropertyError eError;
+	};
+
+
+class IVRProperties
+{
+public:
+
+	/** Reads a set of properties atomically. See the PropertyReadBatch_t struct for more information. */
+	virtual ETrackedPropertyError ReadPropertyBatch( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, PropertyRead_t *pBatch, uint32_t unBatchEntryCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Writes a set of properties atomically. See the PropertyWriteBatch_t struct for more information. */
+	virtual ETrackedPropertyError WritePropertyBatch( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, PropertyWrite_t *pBatch, uint32_t unBatchEntryCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** returns a string that corresponds with the specified property error. The string will be the name
+	* of the error enum value for all valid error codes */
+	virtual const char *GetPropErrorNameFromEnum( ETrackedPropertyError error ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns a container handle given a tracked device index */
+	virtual PropertyContainerHandle_t TrackedDeviceToPropertyContainer( TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDevice ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRProperties_Version = "IVRProperties_001";
+
+class CVRPropertyHelpers
+{
+public:
+	CVRPropertyHelpers( IVRProperties * pProperties ) : m_pProperties( pProperties ) {}
+
+	/** Returns a scaler property. If the device index is not valid or the property value type does not match,
+	* this function will return false. */
+	bool GetBoolProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+	float GetFloatProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+	int32_t GetInt32Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+	uint64_t GetUint64Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+	HmdVector2_t GetVec2Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+	HmdVector3_t GetVec3Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+	HmdVector4_t GetVec4Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+	double GetDoubleProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+
+	/** Returns a single typed property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a string type this function will
+	* return 0. Otherwise it returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing
+	* null. Strings will always fit in buffers of k_unMaxPropertyStringSize characters. */
+	uint32_t GetProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, VR_OUT_STRING() void *pvBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, PropertyTypeTag_t *punTag, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+
+
+	/** Returns a string property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a string type this function will
+	* return 0. Otherwise it returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing
+	* null. Strings will always fit in buffers of k_unMaxPropertyStringSize characters. */
+	uint32_t GetStringProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, ETrackedPropertyError *pError = 0L );
+
+	/** Returns a string property as a std::string. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a string type this function will
+	* return an empty string. */
+	std::string GetStringProperty( vr::PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, vr::ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, vr::ETrackedPropertyError *peError = nullptr );
+
+	/** Reads a std::vector of data from a property. */
+	template< typename T>
+	ETrackedPropertyError GetPropertyVector( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, PropertyTypeTag_t unExpectedTag, std::vector<T> *pvecResults );
+
+	/** Sets a scaler property. The new value will be returned on any subsequent call to get this property in any process. */
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetBoolProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, bool bNewValue );
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetFloatProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, float fNewValue );
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetInt32Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, int32_t nNewValue );
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetUint64Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, uint64_t ulNewValue );
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetVec2Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const HmdVector2_t & vNewValue );
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetVec3Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const HmdVector3_t & vNewValue );
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetVec4Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const HmdVector4_t & vNewValue );
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetDoubleProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, double vNewValue );
+
+	/** Sets a string property. The new value will be returned on any subsequent call to get this property in any process. */
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetStringProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const char *pchNewValue );
+
+	/** Sets a single typed property. The new value will be returned on any subsequent call to get this property in any process. */
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, void *pvNewValue, uint32_t unNewValueSize, PropertyTypeTag_t unTag );
+
+	/** Sets the error return value for a property. This value will be returned on all subsequent requests to get the property */
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetPropertyError( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError eError );
+
+	/** Clears any value or error set for the property. */
+	ETrackedPropertyError EraseProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop );
+
+	/* Turns a device index into a property container handle. */
+	PropertyContainerHandle_t TrackedDeviceToPropertyContainer( TrackedDeviceIndex_t nDevice ) { return m_pProperties->TrackedDeviceToPropertyContainer( nDevice );  }
+
+	/** Sets a std::vector of typed data to a property. */
+	template< typename T>
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetPropertyVector( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, PropertyTypeTag_t unExpectedTag, std::vector<T> *vecProperties );
+
+	/** Returns true if the specified property is set on the specified container */
+	bool IsPropertySet( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *peError = nullptr );
+private:
+	template<typename T>
+	T GetPropertyHelper( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError, T bDefault, PropertyTypeTag_t unTypeTag );
+
+	IVRProperties *m_pProperties;
+};
+
+
+inline uint32_t CVRPropertyHelpers::GetProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, VR_OUT_STRING() void *pvBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, PropertyTypeTag_t *punTag, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	PropertyRead_t batch;
+	batch.prop = prop;
+	batch.pvBuffer = pvBuffer;
+	batch.unBufferSize = unBufferSize;
+
+	m_pProperties->ReadPropertyBatch( ulContainerHandle, &batch, 1 );
+
+	if ( pError )
+	{
+		*pError = batch.eError;
+	}
+
+	if ( punTag )
+	{
+		*punTag = batch.unTag;
+	}
+
+	return batch.unRequiredBufferSize;
+}
+
+
+/** Sets a single typed property. The new value will be returned on any subsequent call to get this property in any process. */
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, void *pvNewValue, uint32_t unNewValueSize, PropertyTypeTag_t unTag )
+{
+	PropertyWrite_t batch;
+	batch.writeType = PropertyWrite_Set;
+	batch.prop = prop;
+	batch.pvBuffer = pvNewValue;
+	batch.unBufferSize = unNewValueSize;
+	batch.unTag = unTag;
+
+	m_pProperties->WritePropertyBatch( ulContainerHandle, &batch, 1 );
+
+	return batch.eError;
+}
+
+
+/** Returns a string property. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a string type this function will
+* return 0. Otherwise it returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing
+* null. Strings will always fit in buffers of k_unMaxPropertyStringSize characters. */
+inline uint32_t CVRPropertyHelpers::GetStringProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+	ETrackedPropertyError error;
+	uint32_t unRequiredSize = GetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, pchValue, unBufferSize, &unTag, &error );
+	if ( unTag != k_unStringPropertyTag && error == TrackedProp_Success )
+	{
+		error = TrackedProp_WrongDataType;
+	}
+
+	if ( pError )
+	{
+		*pError = error;
+	}
+
+	if ( error != TrackedProp_Success )
+	{
+		if ( pchValue && unBufferSize )
+		{
+			*pchValue = '\0';
+		}
+	}
+
+	return unRequiredSize;
+}
+
+
+/** Returns a string property as a std::string. If the device index is not valid or the property is not a string type this function will
+* return an empty string. */
+inline std::string CVRPropertyHelpers::GetStringProperty( vr::PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, vr::ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, vr::ETrackedPropertyError *peError )
+{
+	char buf[1024];
+	vr::ETrackedPropertyError err;
+	uint32_t unRequiredBufferLen = GetStringProperty( ulContainer, prop, buf, sizeof(buf), &err );
+
+	std::string sResult;
+
+	if ( err == TrackedProp_Success )
+	{
+		sResult = buf;
+	}
+	else if ( err == TrackedProp_BufferTooSmall )
+	{
+		char *pchBuffer = new char[unRequiredBufferLen];
+		unRequiredBufferLen = GetStringProperty( ulContainer, prop, pchBuffer, unRequiredBufferLen, &err );
+		sResult = pchBuffer;
+		delete[] pchBuffer;
+	}
+
+	if ( peError )
+	{
+		*peError = err;
+	}
+
+	return sResult;
+}
+
+
+/** Sets a string property. The new value will be returned on any subsequent call to get this property in any process. */
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetStringProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const char *pchNewValue )
+{
+	if ( !pchNewValue )
+		return TrackedProp_InvalidOperation;
+
+	// this is strlen without the dependency on string.h
+	const char *pchCurr = pchNewValue;
+	while ( *pchCurr )
+	{
+		pchCurr++;
+	}
+
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, (void *)pchNewValue, (uint32_t)(pchCurr - pchNewValue) + 1, k_unStringPropertyTag );
+}
+
+
+template<typename T>
+inline T CVRPropertyHelpers::GetPropertyHelper( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError, T bDefault, PropertyTypeTag_t unTypeTag )
+{
+	T bValue;
+	ETrackedPropertyError eError;
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unReadTag;
+	GetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, &bValue, sizeof( bValue ), &unReadTag, &eError );
+	if ( unReadTag != unTypeTag && eError == TrackedProp_Success )
+	{
+		eError = TrackedProp_WrongDataType;
+	};
+
+	if ( pError )
+		*pError = eError;
+	if ( eError != TrackedProp_Success )
+	{
+		return bDefault;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return bValue;
+	}
+}
+
+
+inline bool CVRPropertyHelpers::GetBoolProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	return GetPropertyHelper<bool>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, false, k_unBoolPropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline float CVRPropertyHelpers::GetFloatProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	return GetPropertyHelper<float>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, 0.f, k_unFloatPropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline double CVRPropertyHelpers::GetDoubleProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	return GetPropertyHelper<double>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, 0., k_unDoublePropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline int32_t CVRPropertyHelpers::GetInt32Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	return GetPropertyHelper<int32_t>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, 0, k_unInt32PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline uint64_t CVRPropertyHelpers::GetUint64Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	return GetPropertyHelper<uint64_t>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, 0, k_unUint64PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline HmdVector2_t CVRPropertyHelpers::GetVec2Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	HmdVector2_t defaultval = { 0 };
+	return GetPropertyHelper<HmdVector2_t>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, defaultval, k_unHmdVector2PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline HmdVector3_t CVRPropertyHelpers::GetVec3Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	HmdVector3_t defaultval = { 0 };
+	return GetPropertyHelper<HmdVector3_t>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, defaultval, k_unHmdVector3PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline HmdVector4_t CVRPropertyHelpers::GetVec4Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *pError )
+{
+	HmdVector4_t defaultval = { 0 };
+	return GetPropertyHelper<HmdVector4_t>( ulContainerHandle, prop, pError, defaultval, k_unHmdVector4PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetBoolProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, bool bNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, &bNewValue, sizeof( bNewValue ), k_unBoolPropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetFloatProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, float fNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, &fNewValue, sizeof( fNewValue ), k_unFloatPropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetDoubleProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, double fNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, &fNewValue, sizeof( fNewValue ), k_unDoublePropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetInt32Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, int32_t nNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, &nNewValue, sizeof( nNewValue ), k_unInt32PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetUint64Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, uint64_t ulNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, &ulNewValue, sizeof( ulNewValue ), k_unUint64PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetVec2Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const HmdVector2_t & vNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, ( void * ) &vNewValue, sizeof( HmdVector2_t ), k_unHmdVector2PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetVec3Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const HmdVector3_t & vNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, ( void * ) &vNewValue, sizeof( HmdVector3_t ), k_unHmdVector3PropertyTag );
+}
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetVec4Property( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, const HmdVector4_t & vNewValue )
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainerHandle, prop, ( void * ) &vNewValue, sizeof( HmdVector4_t ), k_unHmdVector4PropertyTag );
+}
+
+/** Sets the error return value for a property. This value will be returned on all subsequent requests to get the property */
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetPropertyError( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError eError )
+{
+	PropertyWrite_t batch;
+	batch.writeType = PropertyWrite_SetError;
+	batch.prop = prop;
+	batch.eSetError = eError;
+
+	m_pProperties->WritePropertyBatch( ulContainerHandle, &batch, 1 );
+
+	return batch.eError;
+}
+
+/** Clears any value or error set for the property. */
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::EraseProperty( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainerHandle, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop )
+{
+	PropertyWrite_t batch;
+	batch.writeType = PropertyWrite_Erase;
+	batch.prop = prop;
+
+	m_pProperties->WritePropertyBatch( ulContainerHandle, &batch, 1 );
+
+	return batch.eError;
+
+}
+
+template< typename T >
+ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::SetPropertyVector(PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, vr::ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, PropertyTypeTag_t unTag, std::vector<T> *pvecProperties)
+{
+	return SetProperty( ulContainer, prop, &(*pvecProperties)[0], (uint32_t)(pvecProperties->size() * sizeof( T )), unTag );
+}
+
+template< typename T >
+ETrackedPropertyError CVRPropertyHelpers::GetPropertyVector( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, PropertyTypeTag_t unExpectedTag, std::vector<T> *pvecResults )
+{
+	ETrackedPropertyError err;
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+	uint32_t unNeeded;
+	if ( pvecResults->empty() )
+		unNeeded = GetProperty( ulContainer, prop, nullptr, 0, &unTag, &err );
+	else
+		unNeeded = GetProperty( ulContainer, prop, &(*pvecResults)[0], (uint32_t)(pvecResults->size() * sizeof( T )), &unTag, &err );
+	uint32_t unFound = unNeeded / sizeof( T );
+	if ( err == TrackedProp_Success )
+	{
+		if ( unTag != unExpectedTag && unFound > 0 )
+		{
+			return TrackedProp_WrongDataType;
+		}
+
+		pvecResults->resize( unFound );
+		return TrackedProp_Success;
+	}
+	else if ( err == TrackedProp_BufferTooSmall )
+	{
+		pvecResults->resize( unFound );
+		unNeeded = GetProperty( ulContainer, prop, &(*pvecResults)[0], (uint32_t)(pvecResults->size() * sizeof( T )), &unTag, &err );
+		unFound = unNeeded / sizeof( T );
+
+		if ( err == TrackedProp_Success )
+		{
+			if ( unTag != unExpectedTag )
+			{
+				return TrackedProp_WrongDataType;
+			}
+
+			pvecResults->resize( unFound );
+			return TrackedProp_Success;
+		}
+	}
+	return err;
+}
+
+inline bool CVRPropertyHelpers::IsPropertySet( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, ETrackedDeviceProperty prop, ETrackedPropertyError *peError )
+{
+	ETrackedPropertyError error;
+	GetProperty( ulContainer, prop, nullptr, 0, nullptr, &error );
+	if ( peError )
+		*peError = error;
+	return error == TrackedProp_Success || error == TrackedProp_BufferTooSmall;
+}
+
+}
+
+
+
+// ivrdriverinput.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+	typedef uint64_t VRInputComponentHandle_t;
+	static const VRInputComponentHandle_t k_ulInvalidInputComponentHandle = 0;
+
+	enum EVRScalarType
+	{
+		VRScalarType_Absolute = 0,
+		VRScalarType_Relative = 1,
+	};
+
+
+	enum EVRScalarUnits
+	{
+		VRScalarUnits_NormalizedOneSided = 0, // Value ranges from 0 to 1
+		VRScalarUnits_NormalizedTwoSided = 1, // Value ranges from -1 to 1
+	};
+
+	class IVRDriverInput
+	{
+	public:
+
+		/** Creates a boolean input component for the device */
+		virtual EVRInputError CreateBooleanComponent( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, const char *pchName, VRInputComponentHandle_t *pHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Updates a boolean component */
+		virtual EVRInputError UpdateBooleanComponent( VRInputComponentHandle_t ulComponent, bool bNewValue, double fTimeOffset ) = 0;
+
+		/** Creates a scalar input component for the device */
+		virtual EVRInputError CreateScalarComponent( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, const char *pchName, VRInputComponentHandle_t *pHandle, EVRScalarType eType, EVRScalarUnits eUnits ) = 0;
+
+		/** Updates a boolean component */
+		virtual EVRInputError UpdateScalarComponent( VRInputComponentHandle_t ulComponent, float fNewValue, double fTimeOffset ) = 0;
+
+		/** Creates a haptic component for the device */
+		virtual EVRInputError CreateHapticComponent( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, const char *pchName, VRInputComponentHandle_t *pHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Creates a skeleton component. */
+		virtual EVRInputError CreateSkeletonComponent( PropertyContainerHandle_t ulContainer, const char *pchName, const char *pchSkeletonPath, const char *pchBasePosePath, EVRSkeletalTrackingLevel eSkeletalTrackingLevel, const VRBoneTransform_t *pGripLimitTransforms, uint32_t unGripLimitTransformCount, VRInputComponentHandle_t *pHandle ) = 0;
+
+		/** Updates a skeleton component. */
+		virtual EVRInputError UpdateSkeletonComponent( VRInputComponentHandle_t ulComponent, EVRSkeletalMotionRange eMotionRange, const VRBoneTransform_t *pTransforms, uint32_t unTransformCount ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVRDriverInput_Version = "IVRDriverInput_003";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+// ivrdriverlog.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRDriverLog
+{
+public:
+	/** Writes a log message to the log file prefixed with the driver name */
+	virtual void Log( const char *pchLogMessage ) = 0;
+};
+
+
+static const char *IVRDriverLog_Version = "IVRDriverLog_001";
+
+}
+
+// ivrserverdriverhost.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class ITrackedDeviceServerDriver;
+struct TrackedDeviceDriverInfo_t;
+struct DriverPose_t;
+
+/** This interface is provided by vrserver to allow the driver to notify
+* the system when something changes about a device. These changes must
+* not change the serial number or class of the device because those values
+* are permanently associated with the device's index. */
+class IVRServerDriverHost
+{
+public:
+	/** Notifies the server that a tracked device has been added. If this function returns true
+	* the server will call Activate on the device. If it returns false some kind of error
+	* has occurred and the device will not be activated. */
+	virtual bool TrackedDeviceAdded( const char *pchDeviceSerialNumber, ETrackedDeviceClass eDeviceClass, ITrackedDeviceServerDriver *pDriver ) = 0;
+
+	/** Notifies the server that a tracked device's pose has been updated */
+	virtual void TrackedDevicePoseUpdated( uint32_t unWhichDevice, const DriverPose_t & newPose, uint32_t unPoseStructSize ) = 0;
+
+	/** Notifies the server that vsync has occurred on the the display attached to the device. This is
+	* only permitted on devices of the HMD class. */
+	virtual void VsyncEvent( double vsyncTimeOffsetSeconds ) = 0;
+
+	/** Sends a vendor specific event (VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_Start..VREvent_VendorSpecific_Reserved_End */
+	virtual void VendorSpecificEvent( uint32_t unWhichDevice, vr::EVREventType eventType, const VREvent_Data_t & eventData, double eventTimeOffset ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if SteamVR is exiting */
+	virtual bool IsExiting() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true and fills the event with the next event on the queue if there is one. If there are no events
+	* this method returns false. uncbVREvent should be the size in bytes of the VREvent_t struct */
+	virtual bool PollNextEvent( VREvent_t *pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent ) = 0;
+
+	/** Provides access to device poses for drivers.  Poses are in their "raw" tracking space which is uniquely
+	* defined by each driver providing poses for its devices.  It is up to clients of this function to correlate
+	* poses across different drivers.  Poses are indexed by their device id, and their associated driver and
+	* other properties can be looked up via IVRProperties. */
+	virtual void GetRawTrackedDevicePoses( float fPredictedSecondsFromNow, TrackedDevicePose_t *pTrackedDevicePoseArray, uint32_t unTrackedDevicePoseArrayCount ) = 0;
+
+	/** Requests that SteamVR be restarted. The provided reason will be displayed to the user and should be in the current locale. */
+	virtual void RequestRestart( const char *pchLocalizedReason, const char *pchExecutableToStart, const char *pchArguments, const char *pchWorkingDirectory ) = 0;
+
+	/** Interface for copying a range of timing data.  Frames are returned in ascending order (oldest to newest) with the last being the most recent frame.
+	* Only the first entry's m_nSize needs to be set, as the rest will be inferred from that.  Returns total number of entries filled out. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetFrameTimings( Compositor_FrameTiming *pTiming, uint32_t nFrames ) = 0;
+
+	/** Notifies the server that a tracked device's display component transforms have been updated.
+	* only permitted on devices of the HMD class. */
+	virtual void SetDisplayEyeToHead( uint32_t unWhichDevice, const HmdMatrix34_t & eyeToHeadLeft, const HmdMatrix34_t & eyeToHeadRight ) = 0;
+
+	/** Notifies the server that a tracked device's display projection has changed.
+	* only permitted on devices of the HMD class. */
+	virtual void SetDisplayProjectionRaw( uint32_t unWhichDevice, const HmdRect2_t & eyeLeft, const HmdRect2_t & eyeRight ) = 0;
+
+	/** Notifies the server that a tracked device's recommended render target resolution has changed.
+	* only permitted on devices of the HMD class. */
+	virtual void SetRecommendedRenderTargetSize( uint32_t unWhichDevice, uint32_t nWidth, uint32_t nHeight ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char *IVRServerDriverHost_Version = "IVRServerDriverHost_006";
+
+}
+
+// ivrcompositordriverhost.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRCompositorDriverHost
+{
+public:
+	/** Returns true and fills the event with the next event on the queue if there is one. If there are no events
+	* this method returns false. uncbVREvent should be the size in bytes of the VREvent_t struct */
+	virtual bool PollNextEvent( VREvent_t *pEvent, uint32_t uncbVREvent ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char *IVRCompositorDriverHost_Version = "IVRCompositorDriverHost_001";
+
+}
+
+// ivrhiddenarea.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class CVRHiddenAreaHelpers
+{
+public:
+	CVRHiddenAreaHelpers( IVRProperties *pProperties ) : m_pProperties( pProperties ) {}
+
+	/** Stores a hidden area mesh in a property */
+	ETrackedPropertyError SetHiddenArea( EVREye eEye, EHiddenAreaMeshType type, HmdVector2_t *pVerts, uint32_t unVertCount );
+
+	/** retrieves a hidden area mesh from a property. Returns the vert count read out of the property.  */
+	uint32_t GetHiddenArea( EVREye eEye, EHiddenAreaMeshType type, HmdVector2_t *pVerts, uint32_t unVertCount, ETrackedPropertyError *peError );
+
+private:
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty GetPropertyEnum( EVREye eEye, EHiddenAreaMeshType type )
+	{
+		return (ETrackedDeviceProperty)(Prop_DisplayHiddenArea_Binary_Start + ((int)type * 2) + (int)eEye);
+	}
+
+	IVRProperties *m_pProperties;
+};
+
+
+inline ETrackedPropertyError CVRHiddenAreaHelpers::SetHiddenArea( EVREye eEye, EHiddenAreaMeshType type, HmdVector2_t *pVerts, uint32_t unVertCount )
+{
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty prop = GetPropertyEnum( eEye, type );
+	CVRPropertyHelpers propHelpers( m_pProperties );
+	return propHelpers.SetProperty( propHelpers.TrackedDeviceToPropertyContainer( k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd ), prop, pVerts, sizeof( HmdVector2_t ) * unVertCount, k_unHiddenAreaPropertyTag );
+}
+
+
+inline uint32_t CVRHiddenAreaHelpers::GetHiddenArea( EVREye eEye, EHiddenAreaMeshType type, HmdVector2_t *pVerts, uint32_t unVertCount, ETrackedPropertyError *peError )
+{
+	ETrackedDeviceProperty prop = GetPropertyEnum( eEye, type );
+	CVRPropertyHelpers propHelpers( m_pProperties );
+	ETrackedPropertyError propError;
+	PropertyTypeTag_t unTag;
+	uint32_t unBytesNeeded = propHelpers.GetProperty( propHelpers.TrackedDeviceToPropertyContainer( k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd ), prop, pVerts, sizeof( HmdVector2_t )*unVertCount, &unTag, &propError );
+	if ( propError == TrackedProp_Success && unTag != k_unHiddenAreaPropertyTag )
+	{
+		propError = TrackedProp_WrongDataType;
+		unBytesNeeded = 0;
+	}
+
+	if ( peError )
+	{
+		*peError = propError;
+	}
+
+	return unBytesNeeded / sizeof( HmdVector2_t );
+}
+
+}
+
+// ivrwatchdoghost.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+/** This interface is provided by vrclient to allow the driver to make everything wake up */
+class IVRWatchdogHost
+{
+public:
+	/** Client drivers in watchdog mode should call this when they have received a signal from hardware that should
+	* cause SteamVR to start */
+	virtual void WatchdogWakeUp( vr::ETrackedDeviceClass eDeviceClass ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char *IVRWatchdogHost_Version = "IVRWatchdogHost_002";
+
+};
+
+
+
+// ivrvirtualdisplay.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	struct PresentInfo_t
+	{
+		SharedTextureHandle_t backbufferTextureHandle;
+		EVSync vsync;
+		uint64_t nFrameId;
+		double flVSyncTimeInSeconds;
+	};
+
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Purpose: This component is used for drivers that implement a virtual display (e.g. wireless).
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	class IVRVirtualDisplay
+	{
+	public:
+
+		/** Submits final backbuffer for display. */
+		virtual void Present( const PresentInfo_t *pPresentInfo, uint32_t unPresentInfoSize ) = 0;
+
+		/** Block until the last presented buffer start scanning out. */
+		virtual void WaitForPresent() = 0;
+
+		/** Provides timing data for synchronizing with display. */
+		virtual bool GetTimeSinceLastVsync( float *pfSecondsSinceLastVsync, uint64_t *pulFrameCounter ) = 0;
+	};
+
+	static const char *IVRVirtualDisplay_Version = "IVRVirtualDisplay_002";
+}
+
+
+// ivrresources.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRResources
+{
+public:
+
+	// ------------------------------------
+	// Shared Resource Methods
+	// ------------------------------------
+
+	/** Loads the specified resource into the provided buffer if large enough.
+	* Returns the size in bytes of the buffer required to hold the specified resource. */
+	virtual uint32_t LoadSharedResource( const char *pchResourceName, char *pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen ) = 0;
+
+	/** Provides the full path to the specified resource. Resource names can include named directories for
+	* drivers and other things, and this resolves all of those and returns the actual physical path.
+	* pchResourceTypeDirectory is the subdirectory of resources to look in. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetResourceFullPath( const char *pchResourceName, const char *pchResourceTypeDirectory, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchPathBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRResources_Version = "IVRResources_001";
+
+
+}
+
+// ivriobuffer.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+typedef uint64_t IOBufferHandle_t;
+static const uint64_t k_ulInvalidIOBufferHandle = 0;
+
+	enum EIOBufferError
+	{
+		IOBuffer_Success                  = 0,
+		IOBuffer_OperationFailed          = 100,
+		IOBuffer_InvalidHandle            = 101,
+		IOBuffer_InvalidArgument          = 102,
+		IOBuffer_PathExists               = 103,
+		IOBuffer_PathDoesNotExist         = 104,
+		IOBuffer_Permission               = 105,
+	};
+
+	enum EIOBufferMode
+	{
+		IOBufferMode_Read                 = 0x0001,
+		IOBufferMode_Write                = 0x0002,
+		IOBufferMode_Create               = 0x0200,
+	};
+
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Purpose:
+	// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	class IVRIOBuffer
+	{
+	public:
+		/** opens an existing or creates a new IOBuffer of unSize bytes */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Open( const char *pchPath, vr::EIOBufferMode mode, uint32_t unElementSize, uint32_t unElements, vr::IOBufferHandle_t *pulBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** closes a previously opened or created buffer */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Close( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** reads up to unBytes from buffer into *pDst, returning number of bytes read in *punRead */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Read( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer, void *pDst, uint32_t unBytes, uint32_t *punRead ) = 0;
+
+		/** writes unBytes of data from *pSrc into a buffer. */
+		virtual vr::EIOBufferError Write( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer, void *pSrc, uint32_t unBytes ) = 0;
+
+		/** retrieves the property container of an buffer. */
+		virtual vr::PropertyContainerHandle_t PropertyContainer( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer ) = 0;
+
+		/** inexpensively checks for readers to allow writers to fast-fail potentially expensive copies and writes. */
+		virtual bool HasReaders( vr::IOBufferHandle_t ulBuffer ) = 0;
+	};
+
+	static const char *IVRIOBuffer_Version = "IVRIOBuffer_002";
+}
+
+// ivrdrivermanager.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRDriverManager
+{
+public:
+	virtual uint32_t GetDriverCount() const = 0;
+
+	/** Returns the length of the number of bytes necessary to hold this string including the trailing null. */
+	virtual uint32_t GetDriverName( vr::DriverId_t nDriver, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchValue, uint32_t unBufferSize ) = 0;
+
+	virtual DriverHandle_t GetDriverHandle( const char *pchDriverName ) = 0;
+
+	virtual bool IsEnabled( vr::DriverId_t nDriver ) const = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRDriverManager_Version = "IVRDriverManager_001";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+
+// ivrdriverspatialanchors.h
+
+namespace vr
+{
+	struct SpatialAnchorDriverPose_t
+	{
+		/** This position is in the same "world" space (+Y up) as provided by DriverPose_t. */
+		vr::HmdQuaternion_t qWorldRotation;
+		vr::HmdVector3d_t vWorldTranslation;
+
+		/** The pose will automatically start returning VRSpatialAnchorError_NotAvailableInThisUniverse
+		* if this is nonzero and does not match the current universe ID. */
+		uint64_t ulRequiredUniverseId;
+
+		/** When this time expires, SteamVR will start generating
+		* VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestPoseUpdate when the pose is read by an application
+		* to let the driver know it is still worth updating.
+		* You can use this facility in several ways:
+		*   1. Set to -1 to never receive an update request for this pose.  The driver
+		*      may still update poses at any time.
+		*   2. Set to 0 to always receive an update request *after* each time the pose
+		*      is read.  The rate of requests could be very high if the application gets
+		*      the pose at framerate.
+		*   3. If the driver knows there is no reason to update the pose for some amount of
+		*      time, it can set that time here and receive the update request reminder later.
+		*   4. If the driver plans to automatically update this pose for some amount of time
+		*      (as it gets better information about the virtual location of this anchor) it can
+		*      set that duration here to indicate that no "update requested" reminders are needed.
+		*      When that automatic update period expires, any future interest in the pose will
+		*      be indicated by a pose update request.
+		* The driver may always update the pose, including during the valid duration. */
+		double fValidDuration;  // seconds
+	};
+
+	class IVRDriverSpatialAnchors
+	{
+	public:
+
+		/* NOTE: You must declare support for spatial anchors in your driver manifest.  Add
+		* "spatialAnchorsSupport": true to your manifest.  Without that setting, SteamVR
+		* will short-circuit anchor requests from applications and provide a generic descriptor
+		* that does not have any of the advantages of true spatial anchors. */
+
+		/* The driver should monitor for events VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestPoseUpdate (for new
+		* descriptors from applications that need UpdateSpatialAnchorPose()) and for
+		* VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestDescriptorUpdate (for new poses that need UpdateSpatialAnchorDescriptor()).
+		* For automatic pose updates over time, the driver should keep track of the handles it
+		* has seen and provide updates when conditions change.  If the driver uses fValidDuration,
+		* it may wait for VREvent_SpatialAnchors_RequestPoseUpdate instead of keeping track itself. */
+
+		/** Update a pose for a spatial anchor.  Should be called when an event notifies the driver that a
+		* new descriptor has been registered by an application.  May be called for any anchor whenever the
+		* driver has better information about the best virtual coordinate to represent the anchor.  Should
+		* be called on all active handles whenever driver state changes in a way that changes how physical
+		* world locations map to virtual coordinates (e.g. anything that would cause a universe ID change).
+		* This fires an event when it is called for the first time (to alert whoever submitted the descriptor). */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError UpdateSpatialAnchorPose( SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, const SpatialAnchorDriverPose_t *pPose ) = 0;
+
+		/** Invalidate any pose associated with the handle and cause future calls to GetSpatialAnchorPose (on
+		* both the client and driver side) to return the specified error.  eError must be one of
+		* VRSpatialAnchorError_NotYetAvailable, VRSpatialAnchorError_NotAvailableInThisUniverse, or
+		* VRSpatialAnchorError_PermanentlyUnavailable */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError SetSpatialAnchorPoseError( SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, EVRSpatialAnchorError eError, double fValidDuration ) = 0;
+
+		/** Update the descriptor for a spatial anchor.  Should be called when an event notifies the driver
+		* that a new pose has been registered by an application.  May be called for any anchor whenever the
+		* driver has better or additional information it wants to include in the anchor descriptor.  Note,
+		* however, that the application may never fetch the updated anchor descriptor and may request the
+		* original descriptor in a future session having ignored the update.
+		* The supplied descriptor should be only the driver's opaque internal data, not the decorated form that
+		* is used by clients (wrapped by runtime metadata).  The descriptor must not contain non-ASCII characters or
+		* the two special characters ~ or "
+		* This fires an event every time it is called. */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError UpdateSpatialAnchorDescriptor( SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, const char *pchDescriptor ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the pose for a given handle. */
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError GetSpatialAnchorPose( SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, SpatialAnchorDriverPose_t *pDriverPoseOut ) = 0;
+
+		/** Get the descriptor for a given handle.  This will be VRSpatialAnchorError_NotYetAvailable for handles
+		* where the driver has not yet built a descriptor.  It will be the application-supplied descriptor for previously
+		* saved anchors that the application is requesting poses for.  If the driver has called UpdateSpatialAnchorDescriptor()
+		* already in this session, it will be the descriptor provided by the driver.
+		* If bDecorated, returns the descriptor wrapped with runtime metadata suitable for a client to save.  Else returns only
+		* the driver's opaque internal data.
+		*/
+		virtual EVRSpatialAnchorError GetSpatialAnchorDescriptor( SpatialAnchorHandle_t unHandle, VR_OUT_STRING() char *pchDescriptorOut, uint32_t *punDescriptorBufferLenInOut, bool bDecorated ) = 0;
+
+	};
+
+	static const char * const IVRDriverSpatialAnchors_Version = "IVRDriverSpatialAnchors_001";
+
+} // namespace vr
+
+
+
+namespace vr
+{
+#if !defined( OPENVR_INTERFACE_INTERNAL )
+	static const char * const k_InterfaceVersions[] =
+	{
+		IVRSettings_Version,
+		ITrackedDeviceServerDriver_Version,
+		IVRDisplayComponent_Version,
+		IVRDriverDirectModeComponent_Version,
+		IVRCameraComponent_Version,
+		IServerTrackedDeviceProvider_Version,
+		IVRWatchdogProvider_Version,
+		IVRVirtualDisplay_Version,
+		IVRDriverManager_Version,
+		IVRResources_Version,
+		IVRCompositorPluginProvider_Version,
+		nullptr
+	};
+
+	inline IVRDriverContext *&VRDriverContext()
+	{
+		static IVRDriverContext *pHost;
+		return pHost;
+	}
+
+	class COpenVRDriverContext
+	{
+	public:
+		COpenVRDriverContext() : m_propertyHelpers(nullptr), m_hiddenAreaHelpers(nullptr) { Clear(); }
+		void Clear();
+
+		EVRInitError InitServer();
+		EVRInitError InitWatchdog();
+		EVRInitError InitCompositor();
+
+		IVRSettings *VRSettings()
+		{
+			if ( m_pVRSettings == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRSettings = (IVRSettings *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRSettings_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRSettings;
+		}
+
+		IVRProperties *VRPropertiesRaw()
+		{
+			if ( m_pVRProperties == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRProperties = (IVRProperties *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRProperties_Version, &eError );
+				m_propertyHelpers = CVRPropertyHelpers( m_pVRProperties );
+				m_hiddenAreaHelpers = CVRHiddenAreaHelpers( m_pVRProperties );
+			}
+			return m_pVRProperties;
+		}
+
+		CVRPropertyHelpers *VRProperties()
+		{
+			VRPropertiesRaw();
+			return &m_propertyHelpers;
+		}
+
+		CVRHiddenAreaHelpers *VRHiddenArea()
+		{
+			VRPropertiesRaw();
+			return &m_hiddenAreaHelpers;
+		}
+
+		IVRServerDriverHost *VRServerDriverHost()
+		{
+			if ( m_pVRServerDriverHost == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRServerDriverHost = (IVRServerDriverHost *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRServerDriverHost_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRServerDriverHost;
+		}
+
+		IVRWatchdogHost *VRWatchdogHost()
+		{
+			if ( m_pVRWatchdogHost == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRWatchdogHost = (IVRWatchdogHost *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRWatchdogHost_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRWatchdogHost;
+		}
+
+		IVRCompositorDriverHost *VRCompositorDriverHost()
+		{
+			if ( m_pVRCompositorDriverHost == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRCompositorDriverHost = ( IVRCompositorDriverHost * )VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRCompositorDriverHost_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRCompositorDriverHost;
+		}
+
+		IVRDriverLog *VRDriverLog()
+		{
+			if ( m_pVRDriverLog == nullptr )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRDriverLog = (IVRDriverLog *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRDriverLog_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRDriverLog;
+		}
+
+		DriverHandle_t VR_CALLTYPE VRDriverHandle()
+		{
+			return VRDriverContext()->GetDriverHandle();
+		}
+
+		IVRDriverManager *VRDriverManager()
+		{
+			if ( !m_pVRDriverManager )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRDriverManager = (IVRDriverManager *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRDriverManager_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRDriverManager;
+		}
+
+		IVRResources *VRResources()
+		{
+			if ( !m_pVRResources )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRResources = (IVRResources *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRResources_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRResources;
+		}
+
+		IVRDriverInput *VRDriverInput()
+		{
+			if ( !m_pVRDriverInput )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRDriverInput = (IVRDriverInput *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRDriverInput_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRDriverInput;
+		}
+
+		IVRIOBuffer *VRIOBuffer()
+		{
+			if ( !m_pVRIOBuffer )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRIOBuffer = (IVRIOBuffer *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRIOBuffer_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRIOBuffer;
+		}
+		
+		IVRDriverSpatialAnchors *VRDriverSpatialAnchors()
+		{
+			if ( !m_pVRDriverSpatialAnchors )
+			{
+				EVRInitError eError;
+				m_pVRDriverSpatialAnchors = (IVRDriverSpatialAnchors *)VRDriverContext()->GetGenericInterface( IVRDriverSpatialAnchors_Version, &eError );
+			}
+			return m_pVRDriverSpatialAnchors;
+		}
+
+	private:
+		CVRPropertyHelpers		m_propertyHelpers;
+		CVRHiddenAreaHelpers	m_hiddenAreaHelpers;
+
+		IVRSettings				*m_pVRSettings;
+		IVRProperties			*m_pVRProperties;
+		IVRServerDriverHost		*m_pVRServerDriverHost;
+		IVRWatchdogHost			*m_pVRWatchdogHost;
+		IVRCompositorDriverHost	*m_pVRCompositorDriverHost;
+		IVRDriverLog			*m_pVRDriverLog;
+		IVRDriverManager		*m_pVRDriverManager;
+		IVRResources			*m_pVRResources;
+		IVRDriverInput			*m_pVRDriverInput;
+		IVRIOBuffer				*m_pVRIOBuffer;
+		IVRDriverSpatialAnchors *m_pVRDriverSpatialAnchors;
+	};
+
+	inline COpenVRDriverContext &OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext()
+	{
+		static void *ctx[sizeof( COpenVRDriverContext ) / sizeof( void * )];
+		return *(COpenVRDriverContext *)ctx; // bypass zero-init constructor
+	}
+
+	inline IVRSettings *VR_CALLTYPE VRSettings() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRSettings(); }
+	inline IVRProperties *VR_CALLTYPE VRPropertiesRaw() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRPropertiesRaw(); }
+	inline CVRPropertyHelpers *VR_CALLTYPE VRProperties() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRProperties(); }
+	inline CVRHiddenAreaHelpers *VR_CALLTYPE VRHiddenArea() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRHiddenArea(); }
+	inline IVRDriverLog *VR_CALLTYPE VRDriverLog() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRDriverLog(); }
+	inline IVRServerDriverHost *VR_CALLTYPE VRServerDriverHost() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRServerDriverHost(); }
+	inline IVRWatchdogHost *VR_CALLTYPE VRWatchdogHost() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRWatchdogHost(); }
+	inline IVRCompositorDriverHost *VR_CALLTYPE VRCompositorDriverHost() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRCompositorDriverHost(); }
+	inline DriverHandle_t VR_CALLTYPE VRDriverHandle() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRDriverHandle(); }
+	inline IVRDriverManager *VR_CALLTYPE VRDriverManager() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRDriverManager(); }
+	inline IVRResources *VR_CALLTYPE VRResources() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRResources(); }
+	inline IVRDriverInput *VR_CALLTYPE VRDriverInput() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRDriverInput(); }
+	inline IVRIOBuffer *VR_CALLTYPE VRIOBuffer() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRIOBuffer(); }
+	inline IVRDriverSpatialAnchors *VR_CALLTYPE VRDriverSpatialAnchors() { return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().VRDriverSpatialAnchors(); }
+
+	inline void COpenVRDriverContext::Clear()
+	{
+		m_pVRSettings = nullptr;
+		m_pVRProperties = nullptr;
+		m_pVRServerDriverHost = nullptr;
+		m_pVRWatchdogHost = nullptr;
+		m_pVRCompositorDriverHost = nullptr;
+		m_pVRDriverLog = nullptr;
+		m_pVRDriverManager = nullptr;
+		m_pVRResources = nullptr;
+		m_pVRDriverInput = nullptr;
+		m_pVRIOBuffer = nullptr;
+		m_pVRDriverSpatialAnchors = nullptr;
+	}
+
+	inline EVRInitError COpenVRDriverContext::InitServer()
+	{
+		Clear();
+		if ( !VRServerDriverHost()
+			|| !VRSettings()
+			|| !VRProperties()
+			|| !VRDriverLog() 
+			|| !VRDriverManager()
+			|| !VRResources() )
+			return VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound;
+		return VRInitError_None;
+	}
+
+	inline EVRInitError COpenVRDriverContext::InitWatchdog()
+	{
+		Clear();
+		if ( !VRWatchdogHost()
+			|| !VRSettings()
+			|| !VRDriverLog() )
+			return VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound;
+		return VRInitError_None;
+	}
+
+	inline EVRInitError COpenVRDriverContext::InitCompositor()
+	{
+		Clear();
+		if ( !VRCompositorDriverHost()
+			|| !VRSettings()
+			|| !VRProperties()
+			|| !VRDriverLog()
+			|| !VRDriverManager()
+			|| !VRResources() )
+			return VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound;
+		return VRInitError_None;
+	}
+
+	inline EVRInitError InitServerDriverContext( IVRDriverContext *pContext )
+	{
+		VRDriverContext() = pContext;
+		return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().InitServer();
+	}
+
+	inline EVRInitError InitWatchdogDriverContext( IVRDriverContext *pContext )
+	{
+		VRDriverContext() = pContext;
+		return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().InitWatchdog();
+	}
+
+	inline EVRInitError InitCompositorDriverContext( IVRDriverContext *pContext )
+	{
+		VRDriverContext() = pContext;
+		return OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().InitCompositor();
+	}
+
+	inline void CleanupDriverContext()
+	{
+		VRDriverContext() = nullptr;
+		OpenVRInternal_ModuleServerDriverContext().Clear();
+	}
+
+	#define VR_INIT_SERVER_DRIVER_CONTEXT( pContext ) \
+			{ \
+			vr::EVRInitError eError = vr::InitServerDriverContext( pContext ); \
+			if( eError != vr::VRInitError_None ) \
+				return eError; \
+			}
+
+	#define VR_CLEANUP_SERVER_DRIVER_CONTEXT() \
+		vr::CleanupDriverContext();
+
+	#define VR_INIT_WATCHDOG_DRIVER_CONTEXT( pContext ) \
+			{ \
+			vr::EVRInitError eError = vr::InitWatchdogDriverContext( pContext ); \
+			if( eError != vr::VRInitError_None ) \
+				return eError; \
+			}
+
+	#define VR_CLEANUP_WATCHDOG_DRIVER_CONTEXT() \
+		vr::CleanupDriverContext();
+
+#define VR_INIT_COMPOSITOR_DRIVER_CONTEXT( pContext ) \
+			{ \
+			vr::EVRInitError eError = vr::InitCompositorDriverContext( pContext ); \
+			if( eError != vr::VRInitError_None ) \
+				return eError; \
+			}
+
+#define VR_CLEANUP_COMPOSITOR_DRIVER_CONTEXT() \
+		vr::CleanupDriverContext();
+
+
+#endif // OPENVR_INTERFACE_INTERNAL
+
+}
+// End
+
+#endif // _OPENVR_DRIVER_API
+
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/CMakeLists.txt b/external/openvr/src/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..87317fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+# Project name.
+project(openvr_api)
+
+set( LIBNAME "openvr_api" )
+set(OPENVR_HEADER_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../headers)
+
+# Set some properies for specific files.
+if(APPLE)
+  set(CMAKE_MACOSX_RPATH 1)
+  if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Darwin")
+    set_source_files_properties(vrcommon/pathtools_public.cpp vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.cpp PROPERTIES COMPILE_FLAGS "-x objective-c++")
+  endif()
+  if(BUILD_SHARED OR BUILD_FRAMEWORK)
+    find_library(FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK Foundation)
+    mark_as_advanced(FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK)
+    set(EXTRA_LIBS ${EXTRA_LIBS} ${FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK})
+  endif(BUILD_SHARED OR BUILD_FRAMEWORK)
+elseif(WIN32)
+  if(CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 8)
+    add_definitions( -DWIN64 )
+    set( LIBNAME "openvr_api64" )
+  endif()
+endif()
+
+# Add include folders.
+include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/../headers ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/vrcommon)
+
+if(USE_CUSTOM_LIBCXX)
+	link_directories(
+		${LIBCXX_LIB_DIR}
+	)
+endif()
+
+# Set the source group and files.
+set(CORE_FILES
+	openvr_api_public.cpp
+	jsoncpp.cpp
+)
+set(VRCOMMON_FILES
+	vrcommon/dirtools_public.cpp
+	vrcommon/envvartools_public.cpp
+	vrcommon/pathtools_public.cpp
+	vrcommon/sharedlibtools_public.cpp
+	vrcommon/hmderrors_public.cpp
+	vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.cpp
+	vrcommon/strtools_public.cpp
+)
+
+set(SOURCE_FILES
+	${CORE_FILES}
+	${VRCOMMON_FILES}
+)
+
+set(PUBLIC_HEADER_FILES
+	${OPENVR_HEADER_DIR}/openvr_driver.h
+	${OPENVR_HEADER_DIR}/openvr_capi.h
+	${OPENVR_HEADER_DIR}/openvr.h
+)
+
+source_group("Src" FILES
+	${CORE_FILES}
+)
+
+source_group("VRCommon" FILES
+	${VRCOMMON_FILES}
+)
+
+# Build the library.
+if(BUILD_SHARED)
+	add_library(${LIBNAME} SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES})
+elseif(BUILD_FRAMEWORK)
+	set( LIBNAME "OpenVR" )
+	add_library( ${LIBNAME} 
+            SHARED ${SOURCE_FILES}
+            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr.h
+            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_api.cs
+            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_api.json
+            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_capi.h
+            ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_driver.h
+	)
+	set_target_properties(OpenVR PROPERTIES
+		FRAMEWORK TRUE
+		FRAMEWORK_VERSION A
+		MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_IDENTIFIER com.valvesoftware.OpenVR.framework
+		MACOSX_FRAMEWORK_INFO_PLIST ${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/src/Info.plist
+		# "current version" in semantic format in Mach-O binary file
+		VERSION 1.0.6
+		# "compatibility version" in semantic format in Mach-O binary file
+		SOVERSION 1.0.0
+		PUBLIC_HEADER "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr.h;${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_api.cs;${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_api.json;${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_capi.h;${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/headers/openvr_driver.h"
+		LINKER_LANGUAGE CXX
+	)
+else()
+	add_library(${LIBNAME} STATIC ${SOURCE_FILES})
+endif()
+
+if(USE_CUSTOM_LIBCXX)
+	set(EXTRA_LIBS ${EXTRA_LIBS} c++ c++abi)
+endif()
+
+target_link_libraries(${LIBNAME} ${EXTRA_LIBS} ${CMAKE_DL_LIBS})
+target_include_directories(${LIBNAME} PUBLIC ${OPENVR_HEADER_DIR})
+
+# workaround
+if(NOT MSVC)
+    target_compile_options(${LIBNAME} PRIVATE "-Wno-maybe-uninitialized")
+endif()
+
+install(TARGETS ${LIBNAME} DESTINATION lib)
+install(FILES ${PUBLIC_HEADER_FILES} DESTINATION include/openvr)
+
+# Generate a .pc file for linux environments
+if(PLATFORM_NAME MATCHES "linux")
+    set(INSTALL_PKGCONFIG_DIR "${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX}/share/pkgconfig" CACHE PATH "Installation directory for pkgconfig (.pc) files")
+    CONFIGURE_FILE("openvr.pc.in" "openvr.pc" @ONLY)
+
+    set(OPENVR_PC ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/openvr.pc)
+    if(NOT SKIP_INSTALL_FILES AND NOT SKIP_INSTALL_ALL )
+        install(FILES ${OPENVR_PC} DESTINATION "${INSTALL_PKGCONFIG_DIR}")
+    endif()
+endif()
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/Info.plist b/external/openvr/src/Info.plist
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50ff90a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/Info.plist
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+	<key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+	<string>com.valvesoftware.OpenVR.framework</string>
+	<key>CFBundleInfoDictionaryVersion</key>
+	<string>6.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleName</key>
+	<string>OpenVR</string>
+	<key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
+	<string>FMWK</string>
+	<key>CFBundleShortVersionString</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+	<key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+	<string>1.0</string>
+</dict>
+</plist>
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/README b/external/openvr/src/README
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..826c58d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/README
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+This is the source code for the OpenVR API client binding library which connects
+OpenVR applications to the SteamVR runtime, taking into account the version
+of the OpenVR interface they were compiled against.
+
+The client binding library - openvr_api.dll on Windows, openvr_api.so on
+Linux, and openvr_api.dylib or OpenVR.framework on macOS - knows how to find
+and read the SteamVR runtime installation information which allows it to
+find and dynamically connect to the installed runtime. In combination with the
+interface version identifiers from /include/openvr.h which are baked
+into applications at the time they are built, the OpenVR API client
+binding library captures and conveys to the SteamVR runtime the version
+of the OpenVR API interface behavior that the application expects.
+
+Applications carry with them a private/local copy of the client binding
+library when they ship, and they should install it locally to their
+application.  Applications should not install the client binding library
+globally or attempt to link to a globally installed client binding library.
+Doing so negates at least part of the ability for the client binding library
+to accurately reflect the version of the OpenVR API that the application
+was built against, and so hinders compatibility support in the face of
+API changes.
+
+Most applications should simply link to and redistribute with their application
+the pre-built client binding library found in the /bin directory of this
+repository. Some small number of applications which have specific requirements
+around redistributing only binaries they build themselves should build
+the client library from this source and either statically link it into
+their application or redistribute the binary they build.
+
+This is a cmake project, to build it use the version of cmake appropriate
+for your platform. For example, to build on a POSIX system simply perform
+
+  cd src; mkdir _build; cd _build; cmake ..; make
+
+and you will end up with the static library /src/bin/<arch>/libopenvr_api.a
+
+To build a shared library, pass -DBUILD_SHARED=1 to cmake.
+To build as a framework on apple platforms, pass -DBUILD_FRAMEWORK=1 to cmake.
+To see a complete list of configurable build options, use `cmake -LAH`
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/ivrclientcore.h b/external/openvr/src/ivrclientcore.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6884e7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/ivrclientcore.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+class IVRClientCore
+{
+public:
+	/** Initializes the system */
+	virtual EVRInitError Init( vr::EVRApplicationType eApplicationType, const char *pStartupInfo ) = 0;
+
+	/** cleans up everything in vrclient.dll and prepares the DLL to be unloaded */
+	virtual void Cleanup() = 0;
+
+	/** checks to see if the specified interface/version is supported in this vrclient.dll */
+	virtual EVRInitError IsInterfaceVersionValid( const char *pchInterfaceVersion ) = 0;
+
+	/** Retrieves any interface from vrclient.dll */
+	virtual void *GetGenericInterface( const char *pchNameAndVersion, EVRInitError *peError ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns true if any driver has an HMD attached. Can be called outside of Init/Cleanup */
+	virtual bool BIsHmdPresent() = 0;
+
+	/** Returns an English error string from inside vrclient.dll which might be newer than the API DLL */
+	virtual const char *GetEnglishStringForHmdError( vr::EVRInitError eError ) = 0;
+
+	/** Returns an error symbol from inside vrclient.dll which might be newer than the API DLL */
+	virtual const char *GetIDForVRInitError( vr::EVRInitError eError ) = 0;
+};
+
+static const char * const IVRClientCore_Version = "IVRClientCore_003";
+
+
+}
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/json/json-forwards.h b/external/openvr/src/json/json-forwards.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..910c7de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/json/json-forwards.h
@@ -0,0 +1,284 @@
+/// Json-cpp amalgated forward header (http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/).
+/// It is intended to be used with #include "json/json-forwards.h"
+/// This header provides forward declaration for all JsonCpp types.
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*
+The JsonCpp library's source code, including accompanying documentation, 
+tests and demonstration applications, are licensed under the following
+conditions...
+
+The author (Baptiste Lepilleur) explicitly disclaims copyright in all 
+jurisdictions which recognize such a disclaimer. In such jurisdictions, 
+this software is released into the Public Domain.
+
+In jurisdictions which do not recognize Public Domain property (e.g. Germany as of
+2010), this software is Copyright (c) 2007-2010 by Baptiste Lepilleur, and is
+released under the terms of the MIT License (see below).
+
+In jurisdictions which recognize Public Domain property, the user of this 
+software may choose to accept it either as 1) Public Domain, 2) under the 
+conditions of the MIT License (see below), or 3) under the terms of dual 
+Public Domain/MIT License conditions described here, as they choose.
+
+The MIT License is about as close to Public Domain as a license can get, and is
+described in clear, concise terms at:
+
+   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License
+   
+The full text of the MIT License follows:
+
+========================================================================
+Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+========================================================================
+(END LICENSE TEXT)
+
+The MIT license is compatible with both the GPL and commercial
+software, affording one all of the rights of Public Domain with the
+minor nuisance of being required to keep the above copyright notice
+and license text in the source code. Note also that by accepting the
+Public Domain "license" you can re-license your copy using whatever
+license you like.
+
+*/
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef JSON_FORWARD_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
+# define JSON_FORWARD_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
+/// If defined, indicates that the source file is amalgated
+/// to prevent private header inclusion.
+#define JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/config.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+
+/// If defined, indicates that json library is embedded in CppTL library.
+//# define JSON_IN_CPPTL 1
+
+/// If defined, indicates that json may leverage CppTL library
+//#  define JSON_USE_CPPTL 1
+/// If defined, indicates that cpptl vector based map should be used instead of
+/// std::map
+/// as Value container.
+//#  define JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP 1
+
+// If non-zero, the library uses exceptions to report bad input instead of C
+// assertion macros. The default is to use exceptions.
+#ifndef JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
+#define JSON_USE_EXCEPTION 1
+#endif
+
+/// If defined, indicates that the source file is amalgated
+/// to prevent private header inclusion.
+/// Remarks: it is automatically defined in the generated amalgated header.
+// #define JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+
+#ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#include <cpptl/config.h>
+#ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+#define JSON_USE_CPPTL 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#define JSON_API CPPTL_API
+#elif defined(JSON_DLL_BUILD)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define JSON_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#define JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#elif defined(JSON_DLL)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define JSON_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#define JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#endif // ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#if !defined(JSON_API)
+#define JSON_API
+#endif
+
+// If JSON_NO_INT64 is defined, then Json only support C++ "int" type for
+// integer
+// Storages, and 64 bits integer support is disabled.
+// #define JSON_NO_INT64 1
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) // MSVC
+#  if _MSC_VER <= 1200 // MSVC 6
+    // Microsoft Visual Studio 6 only support conversion from __int64 to double
+    // (no conversion from unsigned __int64).
+#    define JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION 1
+    // Disable warning 4786 for VS6 caused by STL (identifier was truncated to '255'
+    // characters in the debug information)
+    // All projects I've ever seen with VS6 were using this globally (not bothering
+    // with pragma push/pop).
+#    pragma warning(disable : 4786)
+#  endif // MSVC 6
+
+#  if _MSC_VER >= 1500 // MSVC 2008
+    /// Indicates that the following function is deprecated.
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message) __declspec(deprecated(message))
+#  endif
+
+#endif // defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600 // MSVC >= 2010
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif // MSVC >= 2010
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#if __has_feature(cxx_rvalue_references)
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif  // has_feature
+
+#elif defined __GNUC__ // not clang (gcc comes later since clang emulates gcc)
+#if defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif  // GXX_EXPERIMENTAL
+
+#endif // __clang__ || __GNUC__
+
+#endif // not defined JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#elif defined __GNUC__ // not clang (gcc comes later since clang emulates gcc)
+#  if (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5))
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)  __attribute__ ((deprecated(message)))
+#  elif (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)  __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+#  endif  // GNUC version
+#endif // __clang__ || __GNUC__
+
+#if !defined(JSONCPP_DEPRECATED)
+#define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)
+#endif // if !defined(JSONCPP_DEPRECATED)
+
+namespace Json {
+typedef int Int;
+typedef unsigned int UInt;
+#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+typedef int LargestInt;
+typedef unsigned int LargestUInt;
+#undef JSON_HAS_INT64
+#else                 // if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+// For Microsoft Visual use specific types as long long is not supported
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) // Microsoft Visual Studio
+typedef __int64 Int64;
+typedef unsigned __int64 UInt64;
+#else                 // if defined(_MSC_VER) // Other platforms, use long long
+typedef long long int Int64;
+typedef unsigned long long int UInt64;
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+typedef Int64 LargestInt;
+typedef UInt64 LargestUInt;
+#define JSON_HAS_INT64
+#endif // if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+} // end namespace Json
+
+#endif // JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/config.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/forwards.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "config.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+// writer.h
+class FastWriter;
+class StyledWriter;
+
+// reader.h
+class Reader;
+
+// features.h
+class Features;
+
+// value.h
+typedef unsigned int ArrayIndex;
+class StaticString;
+class Path;
+class PathArgument;
+class Value;
+class ValueIteratorBase;
+class ValueIterator;
+class ValueConstIterator;
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#endif // JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/forwards.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif //ifndef JSON_FORWARD_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/json/json.h b/external/openvr/src/json/json.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d27f65d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/json/json.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2077 @@
+/// Json-cpp amalgated header (http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/).
+/// It is intended to be used with #include "json/json.h"
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*
+The JsonCpp library's source code, including accompanying documentation, 
+tests and demonstration applications, are licensed under the following
+conditions...
+
+The author (Baptiste Lepilleur) explicitly disclaims copyright in all 
+jurisdictions which recognize such a disclaimer. In such jurisdictions, 
+this software is released into the Public Domain.
+
+In jurisdictions which do not recognize Public Domain property (e.g. Germany as of
+2010), this software is Copyright (c) 2007-2010 by Baptiste Lepilleur, and is
+released under the terms of the MIT License (see below).
+
+In jurisdictions which recognize Public Domain property, the user of this 
+software may choose to accept it either as 1) Public Domain, 2) under the 
+conditions of the MIT License (see below), or 3) under the terms of dual 
+Public Domain/MIT License conditions described here, as they choose.
+
+The MIT License is about as close to Public Domain as a license can get, and is
+described in clear, concise terms at:
+
+   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License
+   
+The full text of the MIT License follows:
+
+========================================================================
+Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+========================================================================
+(END LICENSE TEXT)
+
+The MIT license is compatible with both the GPL and commercial
+software, affording one all of the rights of Public Domain with the
+minor nuisance of being required to keep the above copyright notice
+and license text in the source code. Note also that by accepting the
+Public Domain "license" you can re-license your copy using whatever
+license you like.
+
+*/
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+#ifndef JSON_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
+# define JSON_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
+/// If defined, indicates that the source file is amalgated
+/// to prevent private header inclusion.
+#define JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/version.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// DO NOT EDIT. This file (and "version") is generated by CMake.
+// Run CMake configure step to update it.
+#ifndef JSON_VERSION_H_INCLUDED
+# define JSON_VERSION_H_INCLUDED
+
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_STRING "1.6.5"
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_MAJOR 1
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_MINOR 6
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_PATCH 5
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_QUALIFIER
+# define JSONCPP_VERSION_HEXA ((JSONCPP_VERSION_MAJOR << 24) | (JSONCPP_VERSION_MINOR << 16) | (JSONCPP_VERSION_PATCH << 8))
+
+#endif // JSON_VERSION_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/version.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/config.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+
+/// If defined, indicates that json library is embedded in CppTL library.
+//# define JSON_IN_CPPTL 1
+
+/// If defined, indicates that json may leverage CppTL library
+//#  define JSON_USE_CPPTL 1
+/// If defined, indicates that cpptl vector based map should be used instead of
+/// std::map
+/// as Value container.
+//#  define JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP 1
+
+// If non-zero, the library uses exceptions to report bad input instead of C
+// assertion macros. The default is to use exceptions.
+#ifndef JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
+#define JSON_USE_EXCEPTION 1
+#endif
+
+/// If defined, indicates that the source file is amalgated
+/// to prevent private header inclusion.
+/// Remarks: it is automatically defined in the generated amalgated header.
+// #define JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+
+#ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#include <cpptl/config.h>
+#ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+#define JSON_USE_CPPTL 1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#define JSON_API CPPTL_API
+#elif defined(JSON_DLL_BUILD)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define JSON_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#define JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#elif defined(JSON_DLL)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define JSON_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#define JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#endif // ifdef JSON_IN_CPPTL
+#if !defined(JSON_API)
+#define JSON_API
+#endif
+
+// If JSON_NO_INT64 is defined, then Json only support C++ "int" type for
+// integer
+// Storages, and 64 bits integer support is disabled.
+// #define JSON_NO_INT64 1
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) // MSVC
+#  if _MSC_VER <= 1200 // MSVC 6
+    // Microsoft Visual Studio 6 only support conversion from __int64 to double
+    // (no conversion from unsigned __int64).
+#    define JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION 1
+    // Disable warning 4786 for VS6 caused by STL (identifier was truncated to '255'
+    // characters in the debug information)
+    // All projects I've ever seen with VS6 were using this globally (not bothering
+    // with pragma push/pop).
+#    pragma warning(disable : 4786)
+#  endif // MSVC 6
+
+#  if _MSC_VER >= 1500 // MSVC 2008
+    /// Indicates that the following function is deprecated.
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message) __declspec(deprecated(message))
+#  endif
+
+#endif // defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600 // MSVC >= 2010
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif // MSVC >= 2010
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#if __has_feature(cxx_rvalue_references)
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif  // has_feature
+
+#elif defined __GNUC__ // not clang (gcc comes later since clang emulates gcc)
+#if defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__) || (__cplusplus >= 201103L)
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 1
+#endif  // GXX_EXPERIMENTAL
+
+#endif // __clang__ || __GNUC__
+
+#endif // not defined JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+#define JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES 0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+#elif defined __GNUC__ // not clang (gcc comes later since clang emulates gcc)
+#  if (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 5))
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)  __attribute__ ((deprecated(message)))
+#  elif (__GNUC__ > 3 || (__GNUC__ == 3 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 1))
+#    define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)  __attribute__((__deprecated__))
+#  endif  // GNUC version
+#endif // __clang__ || __GNUC__
+
+#if !defined(JSONCPP_DEPRECATED)
+#define JSONCPP_DEPRECATED(message)
+#endif // if !defined(JSONCPP_DEPRECATED)
+
+namespace Json {
+typedef int Int;
+typedef unsigned int UInt;
+#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+typedef int LargestInt;
+typedef unsigned int LargestUInt;
+#undef JSON_HAS_INT64
+#else                 // if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+// For Microsoft Visual use specific types as long long is not supported
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) // Microsoft Visual Studio
+typedef __int64 Int64;
+typedef unsigned __int64 UInt64;
+#else                 // if defined(_MSC_VER) // Other platforms, use long long
+typedef long long int Int64;
+typedef unsigned long long int UInt64;
+#endif // if defined(_MSC_VER)
+typedef Int64 LargestInt;
+typedef UInt64 LargestUInt;
+#define JSON_HAS_INT64
+#endif // if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+} // end namespace Json
+
+#endif // JSON_CONFIG_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/config.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/forwards.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "config.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+// writer.h
+class FastWriter;
+class StyledWriter;
+
+// reader.h
+class Reader;
+
+// features.h
+class Features;
+
+// value.h
+typedef unsigned int ArrayIndex;
+class StaticString;
+class Path;
+class PathArgument;
+class Value;
+class ValueIteratorBase;
+class ValueIterator;
+class ValueConstIterator;
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#endif // JSON_FORWARDS_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/forwards.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/features.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_FEATURES_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_FEATURES_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "forwards.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+/** \brief Configuration passed to reader and writer.
+ * This configuration object can be used to force the Reader or Writer
+ * to behave in a standard conforming way.
+ */
+class JSON_API Features {
+public:
+  /** \brief A configuration that allows all features and assumes all strings
+   * are UTF-8.
+   * - C & C++ comments are allowed
+   * - Root object can be any JSON value
+   * - Assumes Value strings are encoded in UTF-8
+   */
+  static Features all();
+
+  /** \brief A configuration that is strictly compatible with the JSON
+   * specification.
+   * - Comments are forbidden.
+   * - Root object must be either an array or an object value.
+   * - Assumes Value strings are encoded in UTF-8
+   */
+  static Features strictMode();
+
+  /** \brief Initialize the configuration like JsonConfig::allFeatures;
+   */
+  Features();
+
+  /// \c true if comments are allowed. Default: \c true.
+  bool allowComments_;
+
+  /// \c true if root must be either an array or an object value. Default: \c
+  /// false.
+  bool strictRoot_;
+
+  /// \c true if dropped null placeholders are allowed. Default: \c false.
+  bool allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_;
+
+  /// \c true if numeric object key are allowed. Default: \c false.
+  bool allowNumericKeys_;
+};
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_FEATURES_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/features.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/value.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "forwards.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <exception>
+
+#ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+#include <map>
+#else
+#include <cpptl/smallmap.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+#include <cpptl/forwards.h>
+#endif
+
+// Disable warning C4251: <data member>: <type> needs to have dll-interface to
+// be used by...
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4251)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+/** \brief JSON (JavaScript Object Notation).
+ */
+namespace Json {
+
+/** Base class for all exceptions we throw.
+ *
+ * We use nothing but these internally. Of course, STL can throw others.
+ */
+class JSON_API Exception : public std::exception {
+public:
+  Exception(std::string const& msg);
+  ~Exception() throw();
+  char const* what() const throw();
+protected:
+  std::string msg_;
+};
+
+/** Exceptions which the user cannot easily avoid.
+ *
+ * E.g. out-of-memory (when we use malloc), stack-overflow, malicious input
+ * 
+ * \remark derived from Json::Exception
+ */
+class JSON_API RuntimeError : public Exception {
+public:
+  RuntimeError(std::string const& msg);
+};
+
+/** Exceptions thrown by JSON_ASSERT/JSON_FAIL macros.
+ *
+ * These are precondition-violations (user bugs) and internal errors (our bugs).
+ * 
+ * \remark derived from Json::Exception
+ */
+class JSON_API LogicError : public Exception {
+public:
+  LogicError(std::string const& msg);
+};
+
+/// used internally
+void throwRuntimeError(std::string const& msg);
+/// used internally
+void throwLogicError(std::string const& msg);
+
+/** \brief Type of the value held by a Value object.
+ */
+enum ValueType {
+  nullValue = 0, ///< 'null' value
+  intValue,      ///< signed integer value
+  uintValue,     ///< unsigned integer value
+  realValue,     ///< double value
+  stringValue,   ///< UTF-8 string value
+  booleanValue,  ///< bool value
+  arrayValue,    ///< array value (ordered list)
+  objectValue    ///< object value (collection of name/value pairs).
+};
+
+enum CommentPlacement {
+  commentBefore = 0,      ///< a comment placed on the line before a value
+  commentAfterOnSameLine, ///< a comment just after a value on the same line
+  commentAfter, ///< a comment on the line after a value (only make sense for
+  /// root value)
+  numberOfCommentPlacement
+};
+
+//# ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+//   typedef CppTL::AnyEnumerator<const char *> EnumMemberNames;
+//   typedef CppTL::AnyEnumerator<const Value &> EnumValues;
+//# endif
+
+/** \brief Lightweight wrapper to tag static string.
+ *
+ * Value constructor and objectValue member assignement takes advantage of the
+ * StaticString and avoid the cost of string duplication when storing the
+ * string or the member name.
+ *
+ * Example of usage:
+ * \code
+ * Json::Value aValue( StaticString("some text") );
+ * Json::Value object;
+ * static const StaticString code("code");
+ * object[code] = 1234;
+ * \endcode
+ */
+class JSON_API StaticString {
+public:
+  explicit StaticString(const char* czstring) : c_str_(czstring) {}
+
+  operator const char*() const { return c_str_; }
+
+  const char* c_str() const { return c_str_; }
+
+private:
+  const char* c_str_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Represents a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> value.
+ *
+ * This class is a discriminated union wrapper that can represents a:
+ * - signed integer [range: Value::minInt - Value::maxInt]
+ * - unsigned integer (range: 0 - Value::maxUInt)
+ * - double
+ * - UTF-8 string
+ * - boolean
+ * - 'null'
+ * - an ordered list of Value
+ * - collection of name/value pairs (javascript object)
+ *
+ * The type of the held value is represented by a #ValueType and
+ * can be obtained using type().
+ *
+ * Values of an #objectValue or #arrayValue can be accessed using operator[]()
+ * methods.
+ * Non-const methods will automatically create the a #nullValue element
+ * if it does not exist.
+ * The sequence of an #arrayValue will be automatically resized and initialized
+ * with #nullValue. resize() can be used to enlarge or truncate an #arrayValue.
+ *
+ * The get() methods can be used to obtain default value in the case the
+ * required element does not exist.
+ *
+ * It is possible to iterate over the list of a #objectValue values using
+ * the getMemberNames() method.
+ *
+ * \note #Value string-length fit in size_t, but keys must be < 2^30.
+ * (The reason is an implementation detail.) A #CharReader will raise an
+ * exception if a bound is exceeded to avoid security holes in your app,
+ * but the Value API does *not* check bounds. That is the responsibility
+ * of the caller.
+ */
+class JSON_API Value {
+  friend class ValueIteratorBase;
+public:
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> Members;
+  typedef ValueIterator iterator;
+  typedef ValueConstIterator const_iterator;
+  typedef Json::UInt UInt;
+  typedef Json::Int Int;
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  typedef Json::UInt64 UInt64;
+  typedef Json::Int64 Int64;
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  typedef Json::LargestInt LargestInt;
+  typedef Json::LargestUInt LargestUInt;
+  typedef Json::ArrayIndex ArrayIndex;
+
+  static const Value& null;  ///< We regret this reference to a global instance; prefer the simpler Value().
+  static const Value& nullRef;  ///< just a kludge for binary-compatibility; same as null
+  /// Minimum signed integer value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const LargestInt minLargestInt;
+  /// Maximum signed integer value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const LargestInt maxLargestInt;
+  /// Maximum unsigned integer value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const LargestUInt maxLargestUInt;
+
+  /// Minimum signed int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int minInt;
+  /// Maximum signed int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int maxInt;
+  /// Maximum unsigned int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const UInt maxUInt;
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  /// Minimum signed 64 bits int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int64 minInt64;
+  /// Maximum signed 64 bits int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const Int64 maxInt64;
+  /// Maximum unsigned 64 bits int value that can be stored in a Json::Value.
+  static const UInt64 maxUInt64;
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+private:
+#ifndef JSONCPP_DOC_EXCLUDE_IMPLEMENTATION
+  class CZString {
+  public:
+    enum DuplicationPolicy {
+      noDuplication = 0,
+      duplicate,
+      duplicateOnCopy
+    };
+    CZString(ArrayIndex index);
+    CZString(char const* str, unsigned length, DuplicationPolicy allocate);
+    CZString(CZString const& other);
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+    CZString(CZString&& other);
+#endif
+    ~CZString();
+    CZString& operator=(CZString other);
+    bool operator<(CZString const& other) const;
+    bool operator==(CZString const& other) const;
+    ArrayIndex index() const;
+    //const char* c_str() const; ///< \deprecated
+    char const* data() const;
+    unsigned length() const;
+    bool isStaticString() const;
+
+  private:
+    void swap(CZString& other);
+
+    struct StringStorage {
+      unsigned policy_: 2;
+      unsigned length_: 30; // 1GB max
+    };
+
+    char const* cstr_;  // actually, a prefixed string, unless policy is noDup
+    union {
+      ArrayIndex index_;
+      StringStorage storage_;
+    };
+  };
+
+public:
+#ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+  typedef std::map<CZString, Value> ObjectValues;
+#else
+  typedef CppTL::SmallMap<CZString, Value> ObjectValues;
+#endif // ifndef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+#endif // ifndef JSONCPP_DOC_EXCLUDE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+public:
+  /** \brief Create a default Value of the given type.
+
+    This is a very useful constructor.
+    To create an empty array, pass arrayValue.
+    To create an empty object, pass objectValue.
+    Another Value can then be set to this one by assignment.
+This is useful since clear() and resize() will not alter types.
+
+    Examples:
+\code
+Json::Value null_value; // null
+Json::Value arr_value(Json::arrayValue); // []
+Json::Value obj_value(Json::objectValue); // {}
+\endcode
+  */
+  Value(ValueType type = nullValue);
+  Value(Int value);
+  Value(UInt value);
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  Value(Int64 value);
+  Value(UInt64 value);
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  Value(double value);
+  Value(const char* value); ///< Copy til first 0. (NULL causes to seg-fault.)
+  Value(const char* begin, const char* end); ///< Copy all, incl zeroes.
+  /** \brief Constructs a value from a static string.
+
+   * Like other value string constructor but do not duplicate the string for
+   * internal storage. The given string must remain alive after the call to this
+   * constructor.
+   * \note This works only for null-terminated strings. (We cannot change the
+   *   size of this class, so we have nowhere to store the length,
+   *   which might be computed later for various operations.)
+   *
+   * Example of usage:
+   * \code
+   * static StaticString foo("some text");
+   * Json::Value aValue(foo);
+   * \endcode
+   */
+  Value(const StaticString& value);
+  Value(const std::string& value); ///< Copy data() til size(). Embedded zeroes too.
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  Value(const CppTL::ConstString& value);
+#endif
+  Value(bool value);
+  /// Deep copy.
+  Value(const Value& other);
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+  /// Move constructor
+  Value(Value&& other);
+#endif
+  ~Value();
+
+  /// Deep copy, then swap(other).
+  /// \note Over-write existing comments. To preserve comments, use #swapPayload().
+  Value& operator=(Value other);
+  /// Swap everything.
+  void swap(Value& other);
+  /// Swap values but leave comments and source offsets in place.
+  void swapPayload(Value& other);
+
+  ValueType type() const;
+
+  /// Compare payload only, not comments etc.
+  bool operator<(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator<=(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator>=(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator>(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator==(const Value& other) const;
+  bool operator!=(const Value& other) const;
+  int compare(const Value& other) const;
+
+  const char* asCString() const; ///< Embedded zeroes could cause you trouble!
+  std::string asString() const; ///< Embedded zeroes are possible.
+  /** Get raw char* of string-value.
+   *  \return false if !string. (Seg-fault if str or end are NULL.)
+   */
+  bool getString(
+      char const** begin, char const** end) const;
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  CppTL::ConstString asConstString() const;
+#endif
+  Int asInt() const;
+  UInt asUInt() const;
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  Int64 asInt64() const;
+  UInt64 asUInt64() const;
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  LargestInt asLargestInt() const;
+  LargestUInt asLargestUInt() const;
+  float asFloat() const;
+  double asDouble() const;
+  bool asBool() const;
+
+  bool isNull() const;
+  bool isBool() const;
+  bool isInt() const;
+  bool isInt64() const;
+  bool isUInt() const;
+  bool isUInt64() const;
+  bool isIntegral() const;
+  bool isDouble() const;
+  bool isNumeric() const;
+  bool isString() const;
+  bool isArray() const;
+  bool isObject() const;
+
+  bool isConvertibleTo(ValueType other) const;
+
+  /// Number of values in array or object
+  ArrayIndex size() const;
+
+  /// \brief Return true if empty array, empty object, or null;
+  /// otherwise, false.
+  bool empty() const;
+
+  /// Return isNull()
+  bool operator!() const;
+
+  /// Remove all object members and array elements.
+  /// \pre type() is arrayValue, objectValue, or nullValue
+  /// \post type() is unchanged
+  void clear();
+
+  /// Resize the array to size elements.
+  /// New elements are initialized to null.
+  /// May only be called on nullValue or arrayValue.
+  /// \pre type() is arrayValue or nullValue
+  /// \post type() is arrayValue
+  void resize(ArrayIndex size);
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index ).
+  /// If the array contains less than index element, then null value are
+  /// inserted
+  /// in the array so that its size is index+1.
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  Value& operator[](ArrayIndex index);
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index ).
+  /// If the array contains less than index element, then null value are
+  /// inserted
+  /// in the array so that its size is index+1.
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  Value& operator[](int index);
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index )
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  const Value& operator[](ArrayIndex index) const;
+
+  /// Access an array element (zero based index )
+  /// (You may need to say 'value[0u]' to get your compiler to distinguish
+  ///  this from the operator[] which takes a string.)
+  const Value& operator[](int index) const;
+
+  /// If the array contains at least index+1 elements, returns the element
+  /// value,
+  /// otherwise returns defaultValue.
+  Value get(ArrayIndex index, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Return true if index < size().
+  bool isValidIndex(ArrayIndex index) const;
+  /// \brief Append value to array at the end.
+  ///
+  /// Equivalent to jsonvalue[jsonvalue.size()] = value;
+  Value& append(const Value& value);
+
+  /// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+  /// \note Because of our implementation, keys are limited to 2^30 -1 chars.
+  ///  Exceeding that will cause an exception.
+  Value& operator[](const char* key);
+  /// Access an object value by name, returns null if there is no member with
+  /// that name.
+  const Value& operator[](const char* key) const;
+  /// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  Value& operator[](const std::string& key);
+  /// Access an object value by name, returns null if there is no member with
+  /// that name.
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  const Value& operator[](const std::string& key) const;
+  /** \brief Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not
+   exist.
+
+   * If the object has no entry for that name, then the member name used to store
+   * the new entry is not duplicated.
+   * Example of use:
+   * \code
+   * Json::Value object;
+   * static const StaticString code("code");
+   * object[code] = 1234;
+   * \endcode
+   */
+  Value& operator[](const StaticString& key);
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  /// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+  Value& operator[](const CppTL::ConstString& key);
+  /// Access an object value by name, returns null if there is no member with
+  /// that name.
+  const Value& operator[](const CppTL::ConstString& key) const;
+#endif
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  Value get(const char* key, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  /// \note key may contain embedded nulls.
+  Value get(const char* begin, const char* end, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  Value get(const std::string& key, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  /// Return the member named key if it exist, defaultValue otherwise.
+  /// \note deep copy
+  Value get(const CppTL::ConstString& key, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+#endif
+  /// Most general and efficient version of isMember()const, get()const,
+  /// and operator[]const
+  /// \note As stated elsewhere, behavior is undefined if (end-begin) >= 2^30
+  Value const* find(char const* begin, char const* end) const;
+  /// Most general and efficient version of object-mutators.
+  /// \note As stated elsewhere, behavior is undefined if (end-begin) >= 2^30
+  /// \return non-zero, but JSON_ASSERT if this is neither object nor nullValue.
+  Value const* demand(char const* begin, char const* end);
+  /// \brief Remove and return the named member.
+  ///
+  /// Do nothing if it did not exist.
+  /// \return the removed Value, or null.
+  /// \pre type() is objectValue or nullValue
+  /// \post type() is unchanged
+  /// \deprecated
+  Value removeMember(const char* key);
+  /// Same as removeMember(const char*)
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  /// \deprecated
+  Value removeMember(const std::string& key);
+  /// Same as removeMember(const char* begin, const char* end, Value* removed),
+  /// but 'key' is null-terminated.
+  bool removeMember(const char* key, Value* removed);
+  /** \brief Remove the named map member.
+
+      Update 'removed' iff removed.
+      \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+      \return true iff removed (no exceptions)
+  */
+  bool removeMember(std::string const& key, Value* removed);
+  /// Same as removeMember(std::string const& key, Value* removed)
+  bool removeMember(const char* begin, const char* end, Value* removed);
+  /** \brief Remove the indexed array element.
+
+      O(n) expensive operations.
+      Update 'removed' iff removed.
+      \return true iff removed (no exceptions)
+  */
+  bool removeIndex(ArrayIndex i, Value* removed);
+
+  /// Return true if the object has a member named key.
+  /// \note 'key' must be null-terminated.
+  bool isMember(const char* key) const;
+  /// Return true if the object has a member named key.
+  /// \param key may contain embedded nulls.
+  bool isMember(const std::string& key) const;
+  /// Same as isMember(std::string const& key)const
+  bool isMember(const char* begin, const char* end) const;
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  /// Return true if the object has a member named key.
+  bool isMember(const CppTL::ConstString& key) const;
+#endif
+
+  /// \brief Return a list of the member names.
+  ///
+  /// If null, return an empty list.
+  /// \pre type() is objectValue or nullValue
+  /// \post if type() was nullValue, it remains nullValue
+  Members getMemberNames() const;
+
+  //# ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+  //      EnumMemberNames enumMemberNames() const;
+  //      EnumValues enumValues() const;
+  //# endif
+
+  /// \deprecated Always pass len.
+  JSONCPP_DEPRECATED("Use setComment(std::string const&) instead.")
+  void setComment(const char* comment, CommentPlacement placement);
+  /// Comments must be //... or /* ... */
+  void setComment(const char* comment, size_t len, CommentPlacement placement);
+  /// Comments must be //... or /* ... */
+  void setComment(const std::string& comment, CommentPlacement placement);
+  bool hasComment(CommentPlacement placement) const;
+  /// Include delimiters and embedded newlines.
+  std::string getComment(CommentPlacement placement) const;
+
+  std::string toStyledString() const;
+
+  const_iterator begin() const;
+  const_iterator end() const;
+
+  iterator begin();
+  iterator end();
+
+  // Accessors for the [start, limit) range of bytes within the JSON text from
+  // which this value was parsed, if any.
+  void setOffsetStart(size_t start);
+  void setOffsetLimit(size_t limit);
+  size_t getOffsetStart() const;
+  size_t getOffsetLimit() const;
+
+private:
+  void initBasic(ValueType type, bool allocated = false);
+
+  Value& resolveReference(const char* key);
+  Value& resolveReference(const char* key, const char* end);
+
+  struct CommentInfo {
+    CommentInfo();
+    ~CommentInfo();
+
+    void setComment(const char* text, size_t len);
+
+    char* comment_;
+  };
+
+  // struct MemberNamesTransform
+  //{
+  //   typedef const char *result_type;
+  //   const char *operator()( const CZString &name ) const
+  //   {
+  //      return name.c_str();
+  //   }
+  //};
+
+  union ValueHolder {
+    LargestInt int_;
+    LargestUInt uint_;
+    double real_;
+    bool bool_;
+    char* string_;  // actually ptr to unsigned, followed by str, unless !allocated_
+    ObjectValues* map_;
+  } value_;
+  ValueType type_ : 8;
+  unsigned int allocated_ : 1; // Notes: if declared as bool, bitfield is useless.
+                               // If not allocated_, string_ must be null-terminated.
+  CommentInfo* comments_;
+  Value *default_value_;  // if via .get( "key", default ), this was the default
+
+  // [start, limit) byte offsets in the source JSON text from which this Value
+  // was extracted.
+  size_t start_;
+  size_t limit_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Experimental and untested: represents an element of the "path" to
+ * access a node.
+ */
+class JSON_API PathArgument {
+public:
+  friend class Path;
+
+  PathArgument();
+  PathArgument(ArrayIndex index);
+  PathArgument(const char* key);
+  PathArgument(const std::string& key);
+
+private:
+  enum Kind {
+    kindNone = 0,
+    kindIndex,
+    kindKey
+  };
+  std::string key_;
+  ArrayIndex index_;
+  Kind kind_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Experimental and untested: represents a "path" to access a node.
+ *
+ * Syntax:
+ * - "." => root node
+ * - ".[n]" => elements at index 'n' of root node (an array value)
+ * - ".name" => member named 'name' of root node (an object value)
+ * - ".name1.name2.name3"
+ * - ".[0][1][2].name1[3]"
+ * - ".%" => member name is provided as parameter
+ * - ".[%]" => index is provied as parameter
+ */
+class JSON_API Path {
+public:
+  Path(const std::string& path,
+       const PathArgument& a1 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a2 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a3 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a4 = PathArgument(),
+       const PathArgument& a5 = PathArgument());
+
+  const Value& resolve(const Value& root) const;
+  Value resolve(const Value& root, const Value& defaultValue) const;
+  /// Creates the "path" to access the specified node and returns a reference on
+  /// the node.
+  Value& make(Value& root) const;
+
+private:
+  typedef std::vector<const PathArgument*> InArgs;
+  typedef std::vector<PathArgument> Args;
+
+  void makePath(const std::string& path, const InArgs& in);
+  void addPathInArg(const std::string& path,
+                    const InArgs& in,
+                    InArgs::const_iterator& itInArg,
+                    PathArgument::Kind kind);
+  void invalidPath(const std::string& path, int location);
+
+  Args args_;
+};
+
+/** \brief base class for Value iterators.
+ *
+ */
+class JSON_API ValueIteratorBase {
+public:
+  typedef std::bidirectional_iterator_tag iterator_category;
+  typedef unsigned int size_t;
+  typedef int difference_type;
+  typedef ValueIteratorBase SelfType;
+
+  bool operator==(const SelfType& other) const { return isEqual(other); }
+
+  bool operator!=(const SelfType& other) const { return !isEqual(other); }
+
+  difference_type operator-(const SelfType& other) const {
+    return other.computeDistance(*this);
+  }
+
+  /// Return either the index or the member name of the referenced value as a
+  /// Value.
+  Value key() const;
+
+  /// Return the index of the referenced Value, or -1 if it is not an arrayValue.
+  UInt index() const;
+
+  /// Return the member name of the referenced Value, or "" if it is not an
+  /// objectValue.
+  /// \note Avoid `c_str()` on result, as embedded zeroes are possible.
+  std::string name() const;
+
+  /// Return the member name of the referenced Value. "" if it is not an
+  /// objectValue.
+  /// \deprecated This cannot be used for UTF-8 strings, since there can be embedded nulls.
+  JSONCPP_DEPRECATED("Use `key = name();` instead.")
+  char const* memberName() const;
+  /// Return the member name of the referenced Value, or NULL if it is not an
+  /// objectValue.
+  /// \note Better version than memberName(). Allows embedded nulls.
+  char const* memberName(char const** end) const;
+
+protected:
+  Value& deref() const;
+
+  void increment();
+
+  void decrement();
+
+  difference_type computeDistance(const SelfType& other) const;
+
+  bool isEqual(const SelfType& other) const;
+
+  void copy(const SelfType& other);
+
+private:
+  Value::ObjectValues::iterator current_;
+  // Indicates that iterator is for a null value.
+  bool isNull_;
+
+public:
+  // For some reason, BORLAND needs these at the end, rather
+  // than earlier. No idea why.
+  ValueIteratorBase();
+  explicit ValueIteratorBase(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current);
+};
+
+/** \brief const iterator for object and array value.
+ *
+ */
+class JSON_API ValueConstIterator : public ValueIteratorBase {
+  friend class Value;
+
+public:
+  typedef const Value value_type;
+  //typedef unsigned int size_t;
+  //typedef int difference_type;
+  typedef const Value& reference;
+  typedef const Value* pointer;
+  typedef ValueConstIterator SelfType;
+
+  ValueConstIterator();
+  ValueConstIterator(ValueIterator const& other);
+
+private:
+/*! \internal Use by Value to create an iterator.
+ */
+  explicit ValueConstIterator(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current);
+public:
+  SelfType& operator=(const ValueIteratorBase& other);
+
+  SelfType operator++(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    ++*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType operator--(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    --*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator--() {
+    decrement();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator++() {
+    increment();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  reference operator*() const { return deref(); }
+
+  pointer operator->() const { return &deref(); }
+};
+
+/** \brief Iterator for object and array value.
+ */
+class JSON_API ValueIterator : public ValueIteratorBase {
+  friend class Value;
+
+public:
+  typedef Value value_type;
+  typedef unsigned int size_t;
+  typedef int difference_type;
+  typedef Value& reference;
+  typedef Value* pointer;
+  typedef ValueIterator SelfType;
+
+  ValueIterator();
+  explicit ValueIterator(const ValueConstIterator& other);
+  ValueIterator(const ValueIterator& other);
+
+private:
+/*! \internal Use by Value to create an iterator.
+ */
+  explicit ValueIterator(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current);
+public:
+  SelfType& operator=(const SelfType& other);
+
+  SelfType operator++(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    ++*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType operator--(int) {
+    SelfType temp(*this);
+    --*this;
+    return temp;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator--() {
+    decrement();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  SelfType& operator++() {
+    increment();
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  reference operator*() const { return deref(); }
+
+  pointer operator->() const { return &deref(); }
+};
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+
+namespace std {
+/// Specialize std::swap() for Json::Value.
+template<>
+inline void swap(Json::Value& a, Json::Value& b) { a.swap(b); }
+}
+
+
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/value.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/reader.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_READER_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_READER_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "features.h"
+#include "value.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <deque>
+#include <iosfwd>
+#include <stack>
+#include <string>
+#include <istream>
+
+// Disable warning C4251: <data member>: <type> needs to have dll-interface to
+// be used by...
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4251)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+/** \brief Unserialize a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> document into a
+ *Value.
+ *
+ * \deprecated Use CharReader and CharReaderBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API Reader {
+public:
+  typedef char Char;
+  typedef const Char* Location;
+
+  /** \brief An error tagged with where in the JSON text it was encountered.
+   *
+   * The offsets give the [start, limit) range of bytes within the text. Note
+   * that this is bytes, not codepoints.
+   *
+   */
+  struct StructuredError {
+    size_t offset_start;
+    size_t offset_limit;
+    std::string message;
+  };
+
+  /** \brief Constructs a Reader allowing all features
+   * for parsing.
+   */
+  Reader();
+
+  /** \brief Constructs a Reader allowing the specified feature set
+   * for parsing.
+   */
+  Reader(const Features& features);
+
+  /** \brief Read a Value from a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a>
+   * document.
+   * \param document UTF-8 encoded string containing the document to read.
+   * \param root [out] Contains the root value of the document if it was
+   *             successfully parsed.
+   * \param collectComments \c true to collect comment and allow writing them
+   * back during
+   *                        serialization, \c false to discard comments.
+   *                        This parameter is ignored if
+   * Features::allowComments_
+   *                        is \c false.
+   * \return \c true if the document was successfully parsed, \c false if an
+   * error occurred.
+   */
+  bool
+  parse(const std::string& document, Value& root, bool collectComments = true);
+
+  /** \brief Read a Value from a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a>
+   document.
+   * \param beginDoc Pointer on the beginning of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   * \param endDoc Pointer on the end of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   *               Must be >= beginDoc.
+   * \param root [out] Contains the root value of the document if it was
+   *             successfully parsed.
+   * \param collectComments \c true to collect comment and allow writing them
+   back during
+   *                        serialization, \c false to discard comments.
+   *                        This parameter is ignored if
+   Features::allowComments_
+   *                        is \c false.
+   * \return \c true if the document was successfully parsed, \c false if an
+   error occurred.
+   */
+  bool parse(const char* beginDoc,
+             const char* endDoc,
+             Value& root,
+             bool collectComments = true);
+
+  /// \brief Parse from input stream.
+  /// \see Json::operator>>(std::istream&, Json::Value&).
+  bool parse(std::istream& is, Value& root, bool collectComments = true);
+
+  /** \brief Returns a user friendly string that list errors in the parsed
+   * document.
+   * \return Formatted error message with the list of errors with their location
+   * in
+   *         the parsed document. An empty string is returned if no error
+   * occurred
+   *         during parsing.
+   * \deprecated Use getFormattedErrorMessages() instead (typo fix).
+   */
+  JSONCPP_DEPRECATED("Use getFormattedErrorMessages() instead.")
+  std::string getFormatedErrorMessages() const;
+
+  /** \brief Returns a user friendly string that list errors in the parsed
+   * document.
+   * \return Formatted error message with the list of errors with their location
+   * in
+   *         the parsed document. An empty string is returned if no error
+   * occurred
+   *         during parsing.
+   */
+  std::string getFormattedErrorMessages() const;
+
+  /** \brief Returns a vector of structured erros encounted while parsing.
+   * \return A (possibly empty) vector of StructuredError objects. Currently
+   *         only one error can be returned, but the caller should tolerate
+   * multiple
+   *         errors.  This can occur if the parser recovers from a non-fatal
+   *         parse error and then encounters additional errors.
+   */
+  std::vector<StructuredError> getStructuredErrors() const;
+
+  /** \brief Add a semantic error message.
+   * \param value JSON Value location associated with the error
+   * \param message The error message.
+   * \return \c true if the error was successfully added, \c false if the
+   * Value offset exceeds the document size.
+   */
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message);
+
+  /** \brief Add a semantic error message with extra context.
+   * \param value JSON Value location associated with the error
+   * \param message The error message.
+   * \param extra Additional JSON Value location to contextualize the error
+   * \return \c true if the error was successfully added, \c false if either
+   * Value offset exceeds the document size.
+   */
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra);
+
+  /** \brief Return whether there are any errors.
+   * \return \c true if there are no errors to report \c false if
+   * errors have occurred.
+   */
+  bool good() const;
+
+private:
+  enum TokenType {
+    tokenEndOfStream = 0,
+    tokenObjectBegin,
+    tokenObjectEnd,
+    tokenArrayBegin,
+    tokenArrayEnd,
+    tokenString,
+    tokenNumber,
+    tokenTrue,
+    tokenFalse,
+    tokenNull,
+    tokenArraySeparator,
+    tokenMemberSeparator,
+    tokenComment,
+    tokenError
+  };
+
+  class Token {
+  public:
+    TokenType type_;
+    Location start_;
+    Location end_;
+  };
+
+  class ErrorInfo {
+  public:
+    Token token_;
+    std::string message_;
+    Location extra_;
+  };
+
+  typedef std::deque<ErrorInfo> Errors;
+
+  bool readToken(Token& token);
+  void skipSpaces();
+  bool match(Location pattern, int patternLength);
+  bool readComment();
+  bool readCStyleComment();
+  bool readCppStyleComment();
+  bool readString();
+  void readNumber();
+  bool readValue();
+  bool readObject(Token& token);
+  bool readArray(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                              Location& current,
+                              Location end,
+                              unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                   Location& current,
+                                   Location end,
+                                   unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra = 0);
+  bool recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  bool addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                          Token& token,
+                          TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  void skipUntilSpace();
+  Value& currentValue();
+  Char getNextChar();
+  void
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location, int& line, int& column) const;
+  std::string getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const;
+  std::string getLocationSnippet(Location location) const;
+  void addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement);
+  void skipCommentTokens(Token& token);
+
+  typedef std::stack<Value*> Nodes;
+  Nodes nodes_;
+  Errors errors_;
+  std::string document_;
+  Location begin_;
+  Location end_;
+  Location current_;
+  Location lastValueEnd_;
+  Value* lastValue_;
+  std::string commentsBefore_;
+  Features features_;
+  bool collectComments_;
+};  // Reader
+
+/** Interface for reading JSON from a char array.
+ */
+class JSON_API CharReader {
+public:
+  virtual ~CharReader() {}
+  /** \brief Read a Value from a <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a>
+   document.
+   * The document must be a UTF-8 encoded string containing the document to read.
+   *
+   * \param beginDoc Pointer on the beginning of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   * \param endDoc Pointer on the end of the UTF-8 encoded string of the
+   document to read.
+   *        Must be >= beginDoc.
+   * \param root [out] Contains the root value of the document if it was
+   *             successfully parsed.
+   * \param errs [out] Formatted error messages (if not NULL)
+   *        a user friendly string that lists errors in the parsed
+   * document.
+   * \return \c true if the document was successfully parsed, \c false if an
+   error occurred.
+   */
+  virtual bool parse(
+      char const* beginDoc, char const* endDoc,
+      Value* root, std::string* errs) = 0;
+
+  class JSON_API Factory {
+  public:
+    virtual ~Factory() {}
+    /** \brief Allocate a CharReader via operator new().
+     * \throw std::exception if something goes wrong (e.g. invalid settings)
+     */
+    virtual CharReader* newCharReader() const = 0;
+  };  // Factory
+};  // CharReader
+
+/** \brief Build a CharReader implementation.
+
+Usage:
+\code
+  using namespace Json;
+  CharReaderBuilder builder;
+  builder["collectComments"] = false;
+  Value value;
+  std::string errs;
+  bool ok = parseFromStream(builder, std::cin, &value, &errs);
+\endcode
+*/
+class JSON_API CharReaderBuilder : public CharReader::Factory {
+public:
+  // Note: We use a Json::Value so that we can add data-members to this class
+  // without a major version bump.
+  /** Configuration of this builder.
+    These are case-sensitive.
+    Available settings (case-sensitive):
+    - `"collectComments": false or true`
+      - true to collect comment and allow writing them
+        back during serialization, false to discard comments.
+        This parameter is ignored if allowComments is false.
+    - `"allowComments": false or true`
+      - true if comments are allowed.
+    - `"strictRoot": false or true`
+      - true if root must be either an array or an object value
+    - `"allowDroppedNullPlaceholders": false or true`
+      - true if dropped null placeholders are allowed. (See StreamWriterBuilder.)
+    - `"allowNumericKeys": false or true`
+      - true if numeric object keys are allowed.
+    - `"allowSingleQuotes": false or true`
+      - true if '' are allowed for strings (both keys and values)
+    - `"stackLimit": integer`
+      - Exceeding stackLimit (recursive depth of `readValue()`) will
+        cause an exception.
+      - This is a security issue (seg-faults caused by deeply nested JSON),
+        so the default is low.
+    - `"failIfExtra": false or true`
+      - If true, `parse()` returns false when extra non-whitespace trails
+        the JSON value in the input string.
+    - `"rejectDupKeys": false or true`
+      - If true, `parse()` returns false when a key is duplicated within an object.
+    - `"allowSpecialFloats": false or true`
+      - If true, special float values (NaNs and infinities) are allowed 
+        and their values are lossfree restorable.
+
+    You can examine 'settings_` yourself
+    to see the defaults. You can also write and read them just like any
+    JSON Value.
+    \sa setDefaults()
+    */
+  Json::Value settings_;
+
+  CharReaderBuilder();
+  ~CharReaderBuilder();
+
+  CharReader* newCharReader() const;
+
+  /** \return true if 'settings' are legal and consistent;
+   *   otherwise, indicate bad settings via 'invalid'.
+   */
+  bool validate(Json::Value* invalid) const;
+
+  /** A simple way to update a specific setting.
+   */
+  Value& operator[](std::string key);
+
+  /** Called by ctor, but you can use this to reset settings_.
+   * \pre 'settings' != NULL (but Json::null is fine)
+   * \remark Defaults:
+   * \snippet src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp CharReaderBuilderDefaults
+   */
+  static void setDefaults(Json::Value* settings);
+  /** Same as old Features::strictMode().
+   * \pre 'settings' != NULL (but Json::null is fine)
+   * \remark Defaults:
+   * \snippet src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp CharReaderBuilderStrictMode
+   */
+  static void strictMode(Json::Value* settings);
+};
+
+/** Consume entire stream and use its begin/end.
+  * Someday we might have a real StreamReader, but for now this
+  * is convenient.
+  */
+bool JSON_API parseFromStream(
+    CharReader::Factory const&,
+    std::istream&,
+    Value* root, std::string* errs);
+
+/** \brief Read from 'sin' into 'root'.
+
+ Always keep comments from the input JSON.
+
+ This can be used to read a file into a particular sub-object.
+ For example:
+ \code
+ Json::Value root;
+ cin >> root["dir"]["file"];
+ cout << root;
+ \endcode
+ Result:
+ \verbatim
+ {
+ "dir": {
+     "file": {
+     // The input stream JSON would be nested here.
+     }
+ }
+ }
+ \endverbatim
+ \throw std::exception on parse error.
+ \see Json::operator<<()
+*/
+JSON_API std::istream& operator>>(std::istream&, Value&);
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_READER_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/reader.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/writer.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef JSON_WRITER_H_INCLUDED
+#define JSON_WRITER_H_INCLUDED
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "value.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <ostream>
+
+// Disable warning C4251: <data member>: <type> needs to have dll-interface to
+// be used by...
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable : 4251)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+class Value;
+
+/**
+
+Usage:
+\code
+  using namespace Json;
+  void writeToStdout(StreamWriter::Factory const& factory, Value const& value) {
+    std::unique_ptr<StreamWriter> const writer(
+      factory.newStreamWriter());
+    writer->write(value, &std::cout);
+    std::cout << std::endl;  // add lf and flush
+  }
+\endcode
+*/
+class JSON_API StreamWriter {
+protected:
+  std::ostream* sout_;  // not owned; will not delete
+public:
+  StreamWriter();
+  virtual ~StreamWriter();
+  /** Write Value into document as configured in sub-class.
+      Do not take ownership of sout, but maintain a reference during function.
+      \pre sout != NULL
+      \return zero on success (For now, we always return zero, so check the stream instead.)
+      \throw std::exception possibly, depending on configuration
+   */
+  virtual int write(Value const& root, std::ostream* sout) = 0;
+
+  /** \brief A simple abstract factory.
+   */
+  class JSON_API Factory {
+  public:
+    virtual ~Factory();
+    /** \brief Allocate a CharReader via operator new().
+     * \throw std::exception if something goes wrong (e.g. invalid settings)
+     */
+    virtual StreamWriter* newStreamWriter() const = 0;
+  };  // Factory
+};  // StreamWriter
+
+/** \brief Write into stringstream, then return string, for convenience.
+ * A StreamWriter will be created from the factory, used, and then deleted.
+ */
+std::string JSON_API writeString(StreamWriter::Factory const& factory, Value const& root);
+
+
+/** \brief Build a StreamWriter implementation.
+
+Usage:
+\code
+  using namespace Json;
+  Value value = ...;
+  StreamWriterBuilder builder;
+  builder["commentStyle"] = "None";
+  builder["indentation"] = "   ";  // or whatever you like
+  std::unique_ptr<Json::StreamWriter> writer(
+      builder.newStreamWriter());
+  writer->write(value, &std::cout);
+  std::cout << std::endl;  // add lf and flush
+\endcode
+*/
+class JSON_API StreamWriterBuilder : public StreamWriter::Factory {
+public:
+  // Note: We use a Json::Value so that we can add data-members to this class
+  // without a major version bump.
+  /** Configuration of this builder.
+    Available settings (case-sensitive):
+    - "commentStyle": "None" or "All"
+    - "indentation":  "<anything>"
+    - "enableYAMLCompatibility": false or true
+      - slightly change the whitespace around colons
+    - "dropNullPlaceholders": false or true
+      - Drop the "null" string from the writer's output for nullValues.
+        Strictly speaking, this is not valid JSON. But when the output is being
+        fed to a browser's Javascript, it makes for smaller output and the
+        browser can handle the output just fine.
+    - "useSpecialFloats": false or true
+      - If true, outputs non-finite floating point values in the following way:
+        NaN values as "NaN", positive infinity as "Infinity", and negative infinity
+        as "-Infinity".
+
+    You can examine 'settings_` yourself
+    to see the defaults. You can also write and read them just like any
+    JSON Value.
+    \sa setDefaults()
+    */
+  Json::Value settings_;
+
+  StreamWriterBuilder();
+  ~StreamWriterBuilder();
+
+  /**
+   * \throw std::exception if something goes wrong (e.g. invalid settings)
+   */
+  StreamWriter* newStreamWriter() const;
+
+  /** \return true if 'settings' are legal and consistent;
+   *   otherwise, indicate bad settings via 'invalid'.
+   */
+  bool validate(Json::Value* invalid) const;
+  /** A simple way to update a specific setting.
+   */
+  Value& operator[](std::string key);
+
+  /** Called by ctor, but you can use this to reset settings_.
+   * \pre 'settings' != NULL (but Json::null is fine)
+   * \remark Defaults:
+   * \snippet src/lib_json/json_writer.cpp StreamWriterBuilderDefaults
+   */
+  static void setDefaults(Json::Value* settings);
+};
+
+/** \brief Abstract class for writers.
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriter. (And really, this is an implementation detail.)
+ */
+class JSON_API Writer {
+public:
+  virtual ~Writer();
+
+  virtual std::string write(const Value& root) = 0;
+};
+
+/** \brief Outputs a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format
+ *without formatting (not human friendly).
+ *
+ * The JSON document is written in a single line. It is not intended for 'human'
+ *consumption,
+ * but may be usefull to support feature such as RPC where bandwith is limited.
+ * \sa Reader, Value
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriterBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API FastWriter : public Writer {
+
+public:
+  FastWriter();
+  ~FastWriter() {}
+
+  void enableYAMLCompatibility();
+
+  /** \brief Drop the "null" string from the writer's output for nullValues.
+   * Strictly speaking, this is not valid JSON. But when the output is being
+   * fed to a browser's Javascript, it makes for smaller output and the
+   * browser can handle the output just fine.
+   */
+  void dropNullPlaceholders();
+
+  void omitEndingLineFeed();
+
+public: // overridden from Writer
+  std::string write(const Value& root);
+
+private:
+  void writeValue(const Value& value);
+
+  std::string document_;
+  bool yamlCompatiblityEnabled_;
+  bool dropNullPlaceholders_;
+  bool omitEndingLineFeed_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Writes a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format in a
+ *human friendly way.
+ *
+ * The rules for line break and indent are as follow:
+ * - Object value:
+ *     - if empty then print {} without indent and line break
+ *     - if not empty the print '{', line break & indent, print one value per
+ *line
+ *       and then unindent and line break and print '}'.
+ * - Array value:
+ *     - if empty then print [] without indent and line break
+ *     - if the array contains no object value, empty array or some other value
+ *types,
+ *       and all the values fit on one lines, then print the array on a single
+ *line.
+ *     - otherwise, it the values do not fit on one line, or the array contains
+ *       object or non empty array, then print one value per line.
+ *
+ * If the Value have comments then they are outputed according to their
+ *#CommentPlacement.
+ *
+ * \sa Reader, Value, Value::setComment()
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriterBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API StyledWriter : public Writer {
+public:
+  StyledWriter();
+  ~StyledWriter() {}
+
+public: // overridden from Writer
+  /** \brief Serialize a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format.
+   * \param root Value to serialize.
+   * \return String containing the JSON document that represents the root value.
+   */
+  std::string write(const Value& root);
+
+private:
+  void writeValue(const Value& value);
+  void writeArrayValue(const Value& value);
+  bool isMultineArray(const Value& value);
+  void pushValue(const std::string& value);
+  void writeIndent();
+  void writeWithIndent(const std::string& value);
+  void indent();
+  void unindent();
+  void writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root);
+  void writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root);
+  bool hasCommentForValue(const Value& value);
+  static std::string normalizeEOL(const std::string& text);
+
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> ChildValues;
+
+  ChildValues childValues_;
+  std::string document_;
+  std::string indentString_;
+  int rightMargin_;
+  int indentSize_;
+  bool addChildValues_;
+};
+
+/** \brief Writes a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format in a
+ human friendly way,
+     to a stream rather than to a string.
+ *
+ * The rules for line break and indent are as follow:
+ * - Object value:
+ *     - if empty then print {} without indent and line break
+ *     - if not empty the print '{', line break & indent, print one value per
+ line
+ *       and then unindent and line break and print '}'.
+ * - Array value:
+ *     - if empty then print [] without indent and line break
+ *     - if the array contains no object value, empty array or some other value
+ types,
+ *       and all the values fit on one lines, then print the array on a single
+ line.
+ *     - otherwise, it the values do not fit on one line, or the array contains
+ *       object or non empty array, then print one value per line.
+ *
+ * If the Value have comments then they are outputed according to their
+ #CommentPlacement.
+ *
+ * \param indentation Each level will be indented by this amount extra.
+ * \sa Reader, Value, Value::setComment()
+ * \deprecated Use StreamWriterBuilder.
+ */
+class JSON_API StyledStreamWriter {
+public:
+  StyledStreamWriter(std::string indentation = "\t");
+  ~StyledStreamWriter() {}
+
+public:
+  /** \brief Serialize a Value in <a HREF="http://www.json.org">JSON</a> format.
+   * \param out Stream to write to. (Can be ostringstream, e.g.)
+   * \param root Value to serialize.
+   * \note There is no point in deriving from Writer, since write() should not
+   * return a value.
+   */
+  void write(std::ostream& out, const Value& root);
+
+private:
+  void writeValue(const Value& value);
+  void writeArrayValue(const Value& value);
+  bool isMultineArray(const Value& value);
+  void pushValue(const std::string& value);
+  void writeIndent();
+  void writeWithIndent(const std::string& value);
+  void indent();
+  void unindent();
+  void writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root);
+  void writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root);
+  bool hasCommentForValue(const Value& value);
+  static std::string normalizeEOL(const std::string& text);
+
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> ChildValues;
+
+  ChildValues childValues_;
+  std::ostream* document_;
+  std::string indentString_;
+  int rightMargin_;
+  std::string indentation_;
+  bool addChildValues_ : 1;
+  bool indented_ : 1;
+};
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(Int value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(UInt value);
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(LargestInt value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(LargestUInt value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(double value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToString(bool value);
+std::string JSON_API valueToQuotedString(const char* value);
+
+/// \brief Output using the StyledStreamWriter.
+/// \see Json::operator>>()
+JSON_API std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, const Value& root);
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif // if defined(JSONCPP_DISABLE_DLL_INTERFACE_WARNING)
+
+#endif // JSON_WRITER_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/writer.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: include/json/assertions.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef CPPTL_JSON_ASSERTIONS_H_INCLUDED
+#define CPPTL_JSON_ASSERTIONS_H_INCLUDED
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include "config.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+/** It should not be possible for a maliciously designed file to
+ *  cause an abort() or seg-fault, so these macros are used only
+ *  for pre-condition violations and internal logic errors.
+ */
+#if JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
+
+// @todo <= add detail about condition in exception
+# define JSON_ASSERT(condition)                                                \
+  {if (!(condition)) {Json::throwLogicError( "assert json failed" );}}
+
+# define JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE(message)                                            \
+  {                                                                            \
+    std::ostringstream oss; oss << message;                                    \
+    Json::throwLogicError(oss.str());                                          \
+    abort();                                                                   \
+  }
+
+#else // JSON_USE_EXCEPTION
+
+# define JSON_ASSERT(condition) assert(condition)
+
+// The call to assert() will show the failure message in debug builds. In
+// release builds we abort, for a core-dump or debugger.
+# define JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE(message)                                            \
+  {                                                                            \
+    std::ostringstream oss; oss << message;                                    \
+    assert(false && oss.str().c_str());                                        \
+    abort();                                                                   \
+  }
+
+
+#endif
+
+#define JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(condition, message)                                \
+  if (!(condition)) {                                                          \
+    JSON_FAIL_MESSAGE(message);                                                \
+  }
+
+#endif // CPPTL_JSON_ASSERTIONS_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: include/json/assertions.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+#endif //ifndef JSON_AMALGATED_H_INCLUDED
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/jsoncpp.cpp b/external/openvr/src/jsoncpp.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6698205
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/jsoncpp.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,5267 @@
+/// Json-cpp amalgated source (http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/).
+/// It is intended to be used with #include "json/json.h"
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*
+The JsonCpp library's source code, including accompanying documentation, 
+tests and demonstration applications, are licensed under the following
+conditions...
+
+The author (Baptiste Lepilleur) explicitly disclaims copyright in all 
+jurisdictions which recognize such a disclaimer. In such jurisdictions, 
+this software is released into the Public Domain.
+
+In jurisdictions which do not recognize Public Domain property (e.g. Germany as of
+2010), this software is Copyright (c) 2007-2010 by Baptiste Lepilleur, and is
+released under the terms of the MIT License (see below).
+
+In jurisdictions which recognize Public Domain property, the user of this 
+software may choose to accept it either as 1) Public Domain, 2) under the 
+conditions of the MIT License (see below), or 3) under the terms of dual 
+Public Domain/MIT License conditions described here, as they choose.
+
+The MIT License is about as close to Public Domain as a license can get, and is
+described in clear, concise terms at:
+
+   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License
+   
+The full text of the MIT License follows:
+
+========================================================================
+Copyright (c) 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
+obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation
+files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without
+restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy,
+modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
+NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS
+BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+========================================================================
+(END LICENSE TEXT)
+
+The MIT license is compatible with both the GPL and commercial
+software, affording one all of the rights of Public Domain with the
+minor nuisance of being required to keep the above copyright notice
+and license text in the source code. Note also that by accepting the
+Public Domain "license" you can re-license your copy using whatever
+license you like.
+
+*/
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: LICENSE
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+#include "json/json.h"
+
+#ifndef JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION
+#error "Compile with -I PATH_TO_JSON_DIRECTORY"
+#endif
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_tool.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#ifndef LIB_JSONCPP_JSON_TOOL_H_INCLUDED
+#define LIB_JSONCPP_JSON_TOOL_H_INCLUDED
+
+/* This header provides common string manipulation support, such as UTF-8,
+ * portable conversion from/to string...
+ *
+ * It is an internal header that must not be exposed.
+ */
+
+namespace Json {
+
+/// Converts a unicode code-point to UTF-8.
+static inline std::string codePointToUTF8(unsigned int cp) {
+  std::string result;
+
+  // based on description from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+
+  if (cp <= 0x7f) {
+    result.resize(1);
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(cp);
+  } else if (cp <= 0x7FF) {
+    result.resize(2);
+    result[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & cp));
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(0xC0 | (0x1f & (cp >> 6)));
+  } else if (cp <= 0xFFFF) {
+    result.resize(3);
+    result[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & cp));
+    result[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & (cp >> 6)));
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(0xE0 | (0xf & (cp >> 12)));
+  } else if (cp <= 0x10FFFF) {
+    result.resize(4);
+    result[3] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & cp));
+    result[2] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & (cp >> 6)));
+    result[1] = static_cast<char>(0x80 | (0x3f & (cp >> 12)));
+    result[0] = static_cast<char>(0xF0 | (0x7 & (cp >> 18)));
+  }
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+/// Returns true if ch is a control character (in range [1,31]).
+static inline bool isControlCharacter(char ch) { return ch > 0 && ch <= 0x1F; }
+
+enum {
+  /// Constant that specify the size of the buffer that must be passed to
+  /// uintToString.
+  uintToStringBufferSize = 3 * sizeof(LargestUInt) + 1
+};
+
+// Defines a char buffer for use with uintToString().
+typedef char UIntToStringBuffer[uintToStringBufferSize];
+
+/** Converts an unsigned integer to string.
+ * @param value Unsigned interger to convert to string
+ * @param current Input/Output string buffer.
+ *        Must have at least uintToStringBufferSize chars free.
+ */
+static inline void uintToString(LargestUInt value, char*& current) {
+  *--current = 0;
+  do {
+    *--current = static_cast<signed char>(value % 10U + static_cast<unsigned>('0'));
+    value /= 10;
+  } while (value != 0);
+}
+
+/** Change ',' to '.' everywhere in buffer.
+ *
+ * We had a sophisticated way, but it did not work in WinCE.
+ * @see https://github.com/open-source-parsers/jsoncpp/pull/9
+ */
+static inline void fixNumericLocale(char* begin, char* end) {
+  while (begin < end) {
+    if (*begin == ',') {
+      *begin = '.';
+    }
+    ++begin;
+  }
+}
+
+} // namespace Json {
+
+#endif // LIB_JSONCPP_JSON_TOOL_H_INCLUDED
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_tool.h
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2011 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <json/assertions.h>
+#include <json/reader.h>
+#include <json/value.h>
+#include "json_tool.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <utility>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <istream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+#include <limits>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if !defined(WINCE) && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__) && _MSC_VER >= 1500 // VC++ 9.0 and above 
+#define snprintf sprintf_s
+#elif _MSC_VER >= 1900 // VC++ 14.0 and above
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#else
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#define snprintf snprintf
+#elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#define sscanf std::sscanf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 // VC++ 8.0
+// Disable warning about strdup being deprecated.
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+
+static int const stackLimit_g = 1000;
+static int       stackDepth_g = 0;  // see readValue()
+
+namespace Json {
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || (defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER >= 520)
+typedef std::unique_ptr<CharReader> CharReaderPtr;
+#else
+typedef std::auto_ptr<CharReader>   CharReaderPtr;
+#endif
+
+// Implementation of class Features
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+Features::Features()
+    : allowComments_(true), strictRoot_(false),
+      allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_(false), allowNumericKeys_(false) {}
+
+Features Features::all() { return Features(); }
+
+Features Features::strictMode() {
+  Features features;
+  features.allowComments_ = false;
+  features.strictRoot_ = true;
+  features.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_ = false;
+  features.allowNumericKeys_ = false;
+  return features;
+}
+
+// Implementation of class Reader
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+static bool containsNewLine(Reader::Location begin, Reader::Location end) {
+  for (; begin < end; ++begin)
+    if (*begin == '\n' || *begin == '\r')
+      return true;
+  return false;
+}
+
+// Class Reader
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+Reader::Reader()
+    : errors_(), document_(), begin_(), end_(), current_(), lastValueEnd_(),
+      lastValue_(), commentsBefore_(), features_(Features::all()),
+      collectComments_() {}
+
+Reader::Reader(const Features& features)
+    : errors_(), document_(), begin_(), end_(), current_(), lastValueEnd_(),
+      lastValue_(), commentsBefore_(), features_(features), collectComments_() {
+}
+
+bool
+Reader::parse(const std::string& document, Value& root, bool collectComments) {
+  document_ = document;
+  const char* begin = document_.c_str();
+  const char* end = begin + document_.length();
+  return parse(begin, end, root, collectComments);
+}
+
+bool Reader::parse(std::istream& sin, Value& root, bool collectComments) {
+  // std::istream_iterator<char> begin(sin);
+  // std::istream_iterator<char> end;
+  // Those would allow streamed input from a file, if parse() were a
+  // template function.
+
+  // Since std::string is reference-counted, this at least does not
+  // create an extra copy.
+  std::string doc;
+  std::getline(sin, doc, (char)EOF);
+  return parse(doc, root, collectComments);
+}
+
+bool Reader::parse(const char* beginDoc,
+                   const char* endDoc,
+                   Value& root,
+                   bool collectComments) {
+  if (!features_.allowComments_) {
+    collectComments = false;
+  }
+
+  begin_ = beginDoc;
+  end_ = endDoc;
+  collectComments_ = collectComments;
+  current_ = begin_;
+  lastValueEnd_ = 0;
+  lastValue_ = 0;
+  commentsBefore_ = "";
+  errors_.clear();
+  while (!nodes_.empty())
+    nodes_.pop();
+  nodes_.push(&root);
+
+  stackDepth_g = 0;  // Yes, this is bad coding, but options are limited.
+  bool successful = readValue();
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty())
+    root.setComment(commentsBefore_, commentAfter);
+  if (features_.strictRoot_) {
+    if (!root.isArray() && !root.isObject()) {
+      // Set error location to start of doc, ideally should be first token found
+      // in doc
+      token.type_ = tokenError;
+      token.start_ = beginDoc;
+      token.end_ = endDoc;
+      addError(
+          "A valid JSON document must be either an array or an object value.",
+          token);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return successful;
+}
+
+bool Reader::readValue() {
+  // This is a non-reentrant way to support a stackLimit. Terrible!
+  // But this deprecated class has a security problem: Bad input can
+  // cause a seg-fault. This seems like a fair, binary-compatible way
+  // to prevent the problem.
+  if (stackDepth_g >= stackLimit_g) throwRuntimeError("Exceeded stackLimit in readValue().");
+  ++stackDepth_g;
+
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  bool successful = true;
+
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty()) {
+    currentValue().setComment(commentsBefore_, commentBefore);
+    commentsBefore_ = "";
+  }
+
+  switch (token.type_) {
+  case tokenObjectBegin:
+    successful = readObject(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenArrayBegin:
+    successful = readArray(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenNumber:
+    successful = decodeNumber(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenString:
+    successful = decodeString(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenTrue:
+    {
+    Value v(true);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenFalse:
+    {
+    Value v(false);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNull:
+    {
+    Value v;
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenArraySeparator:
+  case tokenObjectEnd:
+  case tokenArrayEnd:
+    if (features_.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_) {
+      // "Un-read" the current token and mark the current value as a null
+      // token.
+      current_--;
+      Value v;
+      currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+      currentValue().setOffsetStart(current_ - begin_ - 1);
+      currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+      break;
+    } // Else, fall through...
+  default:
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    return addError("Syntax error: value, object or array expected.", token);
+  }
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    lastValueEnd_ = current_;
+    lastValue_ = &currentValue();
+  }
+
+  --stackDepth_g;
+  return successful;
+}
+
+void Reader::skipCommentTokens(Token& token) {
+  if (features_.allowComments_) {
+    do {
+      readToken(token);
+    } while (token.type_ == tokenComment);
+  } else {
+    readToken(token);
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::readToken(Token& token) {
+  skipSpaces();
+  token.start_ = current_;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool ok = true;
+  switch (c) {
+  case '{':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectBegin;
+    break;
+  case '}':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectEnd;
+    break;
+  case '[':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayBegin;
+    break;
+  case ']':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayEnd;
+    break;
+  case '"':
+    token.type_ = tokenString;
+    ok = readString();
+    break;
+  case '/':
+    token.type_ = tokenComment;
+    ok = readComment();
+    break;
+  case '0':
+  case '1':
+  case '2':
+  case '3':
+  case '4':
+  case '5':
+  case '6':
+  case '7':
+  case '8':
+  case '9':
+  case '-':
+    token.type_ = tokenNumber;
+    readNumber();
+    break;
+  case 't':
+    token.type_ = tokenTrue;
+    ok = match("rue", 3);
+    break;
+  case 'f':
+    token.type_ = tokenFalse;
+    ok = match("alse", 4);
+    break;
+  case 'n':
+    token.type_ = tokenNull;
+    ok = match("ull", 3);
+    break;
+  case ',':
+    token.type_ = tokenArraySeparator;
+    break;
+  case ':':
+    token.type_ = tokenMemberSeparator;
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    token.type_ = tokenEndOfStream;
+    break;
+  default:
+    ok = false;
+    break;
+  }
+  if (!ok)
+    token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.end_ = current_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Reader::skipSpaces() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = *current_;
+    if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+      ++current_;
+    else
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::match(Location pattern, int patternLength) {
+  if (end_ - current_ < patternLength)
+    return false;
+  int index = patternLength;
+  while (index--)
+    if (current_[index] != pattern[index])
+      return false;
+  current_ += patternLength;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::readComment() {
+  Location commentBegin = current_ - 1;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool successful = false;
+  if (c == '*')
+    successful = readCStyleComment();
+  else if (c == '/')
+    successful = readCppStyleComment();
+  if (!successful)
+    return false;
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    CommentPlacement placement = commentBefore;
+    if (lastValueEnd_ && !containsNewLine(lastValueEnd_, commentBegin)) {
+      if (c != '*' || !containsNewLine(commentBegin, current_))
+        placement = commentAfterOnSameLine;
+    }
+
+    addComment(commentBegin, current_, placement);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+static std::string normalizeEOL(Reader::Location begin, Reader::Location end) {
+  std::string normalized;
+  normalized.reserve(end - begin);
+  Reader::Location current = begin;
+  while (current != end) {
+    char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      if (current != end && *current == '\n')
+         // convert dos EOL
+         ++current;
+      // convert Mac EOL
+      normalized += '\n';
+    } else {
+      normalized += c;
+    }
+  }
+  return normalized;
+}
+
+void
+Reader::addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  assert(collectComments_);
+  const std::string& normalized = normalizeEOL(begin, end);
+  if (placement == commentAfterOnSameLine) {
+    assert(lastValue_ != 0);
+    lastValue_->setComment(normalized, placement);
+  } else {
+    commentsBefore_ += normalized;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::readCStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '*' && *current_ == '/')
+      break;
+  }
+  return getNextChar() == '/';
+}
+
+bool Reader::readCppStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\n')
+      break;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      // Consume DOS EOL. It will be normalized in addComment.
+      if (current_ != end_ && *current_ == '\n')
+        getNextChar();
+      // Break on Moc OS 9 EOL.
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void Reader::readNumber() {
+  const char *p = current_;
+  char c = '0'; // stopgap for already consumed character
+  // integral part
+  while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  // fractional part
+  if (c == '.') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+  // exponential part
+  if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    if (c == '+' || c == '-')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Reader::readString() {
+  Char c = 0;
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\\')
+      getNextChar();
+    else if (c == '"')
+      break;
+  }
+  return c == '"';
+}
+
+bool Reader::readObject(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Token tokenName;
+  std::string name;
+  Value init(objectValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  while (readToken(tokenName)) {
+    bool initialTokenOk = true;
+    while (tokenName.type_ == tokenComment && initialTokenOk)
+      initialTokenOk = readToken(tokenName);
+    if (!initialTokenOk)
+      break;
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenObjectEnd && name.empty()) // empty object
+      return true;
+    name = "";
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenString) {
+      if (!decodeString(tokenName, name))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+    } else if (tokenName.type_ == tokenNumber && features_.allowNumericKeys_) {
+      Value numberName;
+      if (!decodeNumber(tokenName, numberName))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+      name = numberName.asString();
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    Token colon;
+    if (!readToken(colon) || colon.type_ != tokenMemberSeparator) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ':' after object member name", colon, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    Value& value = currentValue()[name];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+
+    Token comma;
+    if (!readToken(comma) ||
+        (comma.type_ != tokenObjectEnd && comma.type_ != tokenArraySeparator &&
+         comma.type_ != tokenComment)) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or '}' in object declaration", comma, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    bool finalizeTokenOk = true;
+    while (comma.type_ == tokenComment && finalizeTokenOk)
+      finalizeTokenOk = readToken(comma);
+    if (comma.type_ == tokenObjectEnd)
+      return true;
+  }
+  return addErrorAndRecover(
+      "Missing '}' or object member name", tokenName, tokenObjectEnd);
+}
+
+bool Reader::readArray(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Value init(arrayValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  skipSpaces();
+  if (*current_ == ']') // empty array
+  {
+    Token endArray;
+    readToken(endArray);
+    return true;
+  }
+  int index = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    Value& value = currentValue()[index++];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenArrayEnd);
+
+    Token token;
+    // Accept Comment after last item in the array.
+    ok = readToken(token);
+    while (token.type_ == tokenComment && ok) {
+      ok = readToken(token);
+    }
+    bool badTokenType =
+        (token.type_ != tokenArraySeparator && token.type_ != tokenArrayEnd);
+    if (!ok || badTokenType) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or ']' in array declaration", token, tokenArrayEnd);
+    }
+    if (token.type_ == tokenArrayEnd)
+      break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeNumber(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeNumber(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  // Attempts to parse the number as an integer. If the number is
+  // larger than the maximum supported value of an integer then
+  // we decode the number as a double.
+  Location current = token.start_;
+  bool isNegative = *current == '-';
+  if (isNegative)
+    ++current;
+  // TODO: Help the compiler do the div and mod at compile time or get rid of them.
+  Value::LargestUInt maxIntegerValue =
+      isNegative ? Value::LargestUInt(Value::maxLargestInt) + 1
+                 : Value::maxLargestUInt;
+  Value::LargestUInt threshold = maxIntegerValue / 10;
+  Value::LargestUInt value = 0;
+  while (current < token.end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+      return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+    Value::UInt digit(c - '0');
+    if (value >= threshold) {
+      // We've hit or exceeded the max value divided by 10 (rounded down). If
+      // a) we've only just touched the limit, b) this is the last digit, and
+      // c) it's small enough to fit in that rounding delta, we're okay.
+      // Otherwise treat this number as a double to avoid overflow.
+      if (value > threshold || current != token.end_ ||
+          digit > maxIntegerValue % 10) {
+        return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+      }
+    }
+    value = value * 10 + digit;
+  }
+  if (isNegative && value == maxIntegerValue)
+    decoded = Value::minLargestInt;
+  else if (isNegative)
+    decoded = -Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else if (value <= Value::LargestUInt(Value::maxInt))
+    decoded = Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else
+    decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeDouble(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeDouble(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  double value = 0;
+  std::string buffer(token.start_, token.end_);
+  std::istringstream is(buffer);
+  if (!(is >> value))
+    return addError("'" + std::string(token.start_, token.end_) +
+                        "' is not a number.",
+                    token);
+  decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeString(Token& token) {
+  std::string decoded_string;
+  if (!decodeString(token, decoded_string))
+    return false;
+  Value decoded(decoded_string);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded) {
+  decoded.reserve(token.end_ - token.start_ - 2);
+  Location current = token.start_ + 1; // skip '"'
+  Location end = token.end_ - 1;       // do not include '"'
+  while (current != end) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '"')
+      break;
+    else if (c == '\\') {
+      if (current == end)
+        return addError("Empty escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      Char escape = *current++;
+      switch (escape) {
+      case '"':
+        decoded += '"';
+        break;
+      case '/':
+        decoded += '/';
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        decoded += '\\';
+        break;
+      case 'b':
+        decoded += '\b';
+        break;
+      case 'f':
+        decoded += '\f';
+        break;
+      case 'n':
+        decoded += '\n';
+        break;
+      case 'r':
+        decoded += '\r';
+        break;
+      case 't':
+        decoded += '\t';
+        break;
+      case 'u': {
+        unsigned int unicode;
+        if (!decodeUnicodeCodePoint(token, current, end, unicode))
+          return false;
+        decoded += codePointToUTF8(unicode);
+      } break;
+      default:
+        return addError("Bad escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      }
+    } else {
+      decoded += c;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                                    Location& current,
+                                    Location end,
+                                    unsigned int& unicode) {
+
+  if (!decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, unicode))
+    return false;
+  if (unicode >= 0xD800 && unicode <= 0xDBFF) {
+    // surrogate pairs
+    if (end - current < 6)
+      return addError(
+          "additional six characters expected to parse unicode surrogate pair.",
+          token,
+          current);
+    unsigned int surrogatePair;
+    if (*(current++) == '\\' && *(current++) == 'u') {
+      if (decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, surrogatePair)) {
+        unicode = 0x10000 + ((unicode & 0x3FF) << 10) + (surrogatePair & 0x3FF);
+      } else
+        return false;
+    } else
+      return addError("expecting another \\u token to begin the second half of "
+                      "a unicode surrogate pair",
+                      token,
+                      current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                         Location& current,
+                                         Location end,
+                                         unsigned int& unicode) {
+  if (end - current < 4)
+    return addError(
+        "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: four digits expected.",
+        token,
+        current);
+  unicode = 0;
+  for (int index = 0; index < 4; ++index) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    unicode *= 16;
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      unicode += c - '0';
+    else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+      unicode += c - 'a' + 10;
+    else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+      unicode += c - 'A' + 10;
+    else
+      return addError(
+          "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: hexadecimal digit expected.",
+          token,
+          current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool
+Reader::addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra) {
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = extra;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Reader::recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  int errorCount = int(errors_.size());
+  Token skip;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!readToken(skip))
+      errors_.resize(errorCount); // discard errors caused by recovery
+    if (skip.type_ == skipUntilToken || skip.type_ == tokenEndOfStream)
+      break;
+  }
+  errors_.resize(errorCount);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Reader::addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                                Token& token,
+                                TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  addError(message, token);
+  return recoverFromError(skipUntilToken);
+}
+
+Value& Reader::currentValue() { return *(nodes_.top()); }
+
+Reader::Char Reader::getNextChar() {
+  if (current_ == end_)
+    return 0;
+  return *current_++;
+}
+
+void Reader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location,
+                                      int& line,
+                                      int& column) const {
+  Location current = begin_;
+  Location lastLineStart = current;
+  line = 0;
+  while (current < location && current != end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      if (*current == '\n')
+        ++current;
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    } else if (c == '\n') {
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    }
+  }
+  // column & line start at 1
+  column = int(location - lastLineStart) + 1;
+  ++line;
+}
+
+std::string Reader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const {
+  int line, column;
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(location, line, column);
+  char buffer[18 + 16 + 16 + 1];
+  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "Line %d, Column %d", line, column);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+std::string Reader::getLocationSnippet(Location location) const {
+	std::string snippet = "";
+	std::istringstream docStream(document_);
+	int lin, col;
+	getLocationLineAndColumn(location, lin, col);
+	std::string line;
+	for (int i=1; i<lin+2 && std::getline(docStream, line); i++)
+	{
+		if (lin-i < 2)
+		{
+			snippet += "  " + std::to_string(i) + ": " + line + "\n";
+		}
+	}
+	return snippet;
+}
+
+// Deprecated. Preserved for backward compatibility
+std::string Reader::getFormatedErrorMessages() const {
+  return getFormattedErrorMessages();
+}
+
+std::string Reader::getFormattedErrorMessages() const {
+  std::string formattedMessage;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    formattedMessage +=
+        "* " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.token_.start_) + "\n";
+	formattedMessage += getLocationSnippet(error.token_.start_) + "\n";
+    formattedMessage += "  " + error.message_ + "\n";
+    if (error.extra_)
+      formattedMessage +=
+          "See " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.extra_) + " for detail.\n";
+  }
+  return formattedMessage;
+}
+
+std::vector<Reader::StructuredError> Reader::getStructuredErrors() const {
+  std::vector<Reader::StructuredError> allErrors;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    Reader::StructuredError structured;
+    structured.offset_start = error.token_.start_ - begin_;
+    structured.offset_limit = error.token_.end_ - begin_;
+    structured.message = error.message_;
+    allErrors.push_back(structured);
+  }
+  return allErrors;
+}
+
+bool Reader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = end_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = 0;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length
+    || extra.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = begin_ + extra.getOffsetStart();
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::good() const {
+  return !errors_.size();
+}
+
+// exact copy of Features
+class OurFeatures {
+public:
+  static OurFeatures all();
+  bool allowComments_;
+  bool strictRoot_;
+  bool allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_;
+  bool allowNumericKeys_;
+  bool allowSingleQuotes_;
+  bool failIfExtra_;
+  bool rejectDupKeys_;
+  bool allowSpecialFloats_;
+  int stackLimit_;
+};  // OurFeatures
+
+// exact copy of Implementation of class Features
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+OurFeatures OurFeatures::all() { return OurFeatures(); }
+
+// Implementation of class Reader
+// ////////////////////////////////
+
+// exact copy of Reader, renamed to OurReader
+class OurReader {
+public:
+  typedef char Char;
+  typedef const Char* Location;
+  struct StructuredError {
+    size_t offset_start;
+    size_t offset_limit;
+    std::string message;
+  };
+
+  OurReader(OurFeatures const& features);
+  bool parse(const char* beginDoc,
+             const char* endDoc,
+             Value& root,
+             bool collectComments = true);
+  std::string getFormattedErrorMessages() const;
+  std::vector<StructuredError> getStructuredErrors() const;
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message);
+  bool pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra);
+  bool good() const;
+
+private:
+  OurReader(OurReader const&);  // no impl
+  void operator=(OurReader const&);  // no impl
+
+  enum TokenType {
+    tokenEndOfStream = 0,
+    tokenObjectBegin,
+    tokenObjectEnd,
+    tokenArrayBegin,
+    tokenArrayEnd,
+    tokenString,
+    tokenNumber,
+    tokenTrue,
+    tokenFalse,
+    tokenNull,
+    tokenNaN,
+    tokenPosInf,
+    tokenNegInf,
+    tokenArraySeparator,
+    tokenMemberSeparator,
+    tokenComment,
+    tokenError
+  };
+
+  class Token {
+  public:
+    TokenType type_;
+    Location start_;
+    Location end_;
+  };
+
+  class ErrorInfo {
+  public:
+    Token token_;
+    std::string message_;
+    Location extra_;
+  };
+
+  typedef std::deque<ErrorInfo> Errors;
+
+  bool readToken(Token& token);
+  void skipSpaces();
+  bool match(Location pattern, int patternLength);
+  bool readComment();
+  bool readCStyleComment();
+  bool readCppStyleComment();
+  bool readString();
+  bool readStringSingleQuote();
+  bool readNumber(bool checkInf);
+  bool readValue();
+  bool readObject(Token& token);
+  bool readArray(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token);
+  bool decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token);
+  bool decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token);
+  bool decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded);
+  bool decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                              Location& current,
+                              Location end,
+                              unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                   Location& current,
+                                   Location end,
+                                   unsigned int& unicode);
+  bool addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra = 0);
+  bool recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  bool addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                          Token& token,
+                          TokenType skipUntilToken);
+  void skipUntilSpace();
+  Value& currentValue();
+  Char getNextChar();
+  void
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location, int& line, int& column) const;
+  std::string getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const;
+  void addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement);
+  void skipCommentTokens(Token& token);
+
+  typedef std::stack<Value*> Nodes;
+  Nodes nodes_;
+  Errors errors_;
+  std::string document_;
+  Location begin_;
+  Location end_;
+  Location current_;
+  Location lastValueEnd_;
+  Value* lastValue_;
+  std::string commentsBefore_;
+  int stackDepth_;
+
+  OurFeatures const features_;
+  bool collectComments_;
+};  // OurReader
+
+// complete copy of Read impl, for OurReader
+
+OurReader::OurReader(OurFeatures const& features)
+    : errors_(), document_(), begin_(), end_(), current_(), lastValueEnd_(),
+      lastValue_(), commentsBefore_(),
+      stackDepth_(0),
+      features_(features), collectComments_() {
+}
+
+bool OurReader::parse(const char* beginDoc,
+                   const char* endDoc,
+                   Value& root,
+                   bool collectComments) {
+  if (!features_.allowComments_) {
+    collectComments = false;
+  }
+
+  begin_ = beginDoc;
+  end_ = endDoc;
+  collectComments_ = collectComments;
+  current_ = begin_;
+  lastValueEnd_ = 0;
+  lastValue_ = 0;
+  commentsBefore_ = "";
+  errors_.clear();
+  while (!nodes_.empty())
+    nodes_.pop();
+  nodes_.push(&root);
+
+  stackDepth_ = 0;
+  bool successful = readValue();
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  if (features_.failIfExtra_) {
+    if (token.type_ != tokenError && token.type_ != tokenEndOfStream) {
+      addError("Extra non-whitespace after JSON value.", token);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty())
+    root.setComment(commentsBefore_, commentAfter);
+  if (features_.strictRoot_) {
+    if (!root.isArray() && !root.isObject()) {
+      // Set error location to start of doc, ideally should be first token found
+      // in doc
+      token.type_ = tokenError;
+      token.start_ = beginDoc;
+      token.end_ = endDoc;
+      addError(
+          "A valid JSON document must be either an array or an object value.",
+          token);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+  return successful;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readValue() {
+  if (stackDepth_ >= features_.stackLimit_) throwRuntimeError("Exceeded stackLimit in readValue().");
+  ++stackDepth_;
+  Token token;
+  skipCommentTokens(token);
+  bool successful = true;
+
+  if (collectComments_ && !commentsBefore_.empty()) {
+    currentValue().setComment(commentsBefore_, commentBefore);
+    commentsBefore_ = "";
+  }
+
+  switch (token.type_) {
+  case tokenObjectBegin:
+    successful = readObject(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenArrayBegin:
+    successful = readArray(token);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+    break;
+  case tokenNumber:
+    successful = decodeNumber(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenString:
+    successful = decodeString(token);
+    break;
+  case tokenTrue:
+    {
+    Value v(true);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenFalse:
+    {
+    Value v(false);
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNull:
+    {
+    Value v;
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNaN:
+    {
+    Value v(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN());
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenPosInf:
+    {
+    Value v(std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenNegInf:
+    {
+    Value v(-std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+    currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    }
+    break;
+  case tokenArraySeparator:
+  case tokenObjectEnd:
+  case tokenArrayEnd:
+    if (features_.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_) {
+      // "Un-read" the current token and mark the current value as a null
+      // token.
+      current_--;
+      Value v;
+      currentValue().swapPayload(v);
+      currentValue().setOffsetStart(current_ - begin_ - 1);
+      currentValue().setOffsetLimit(current_ - begin_);
+      break;
+    } // else, fall through ...
+  default:
+    currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+    currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+    return addError("Syntax error: value, object or array expected.", token);
+  }
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    lastValueEnd_ = current_;
+    lastValue_ = &currentValue();
+  }
+
+  --stackDepth_;
+  return successful;
+}
+
+void OurReader::skipCommentTokens(Token& token) {
+  if (features_.allowComments_) {
+    do {
+      readToken(token);
+    } while (token.type_ == tokenComment);
+  } else {
+    readToken(token);
+  }
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readToken(Token& token) {
+  skipSpaces();
+  token.start_ = current_;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool ok = true;
+  switch (c) {
+  case '{':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectBegin;
+    break;
+  case '}':
+    token.type_ = tokenObjectEnd;
+    break;
+  case '[':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayBegin;
+    break;
+  case ']':
+    token.type_ = tokenArrayEnd;
+    break;
+  case '"':
+    token.type_ = tokenString;
+    ok = readString();
+    break;
+  case '\'':
+    if (features_.allowSingleQuotes_) {
+    token.type_ = tokenString;
+    ok = readStringSingleQuote();
+    break;
+    } // else continue
+    [[fallthrough]];
+  case '/':
+    token.type_ = tokenComment;
+    ok = readComment();
+    break;
+  case '0':
+  case '1':
+  case '2':
+  case '3':
+  case '4':
+  case '5':
+  case '6':
+  case '7':
+  case '8':
+  case '9':
+    token.type_ = tokenNumber;
+    readNumber(false);
+    break;
+  case '-':
+    if (readNumber(true)) {
+      token.type_ = tokenNumber;
+    } else {
+      token.type_ = tokenNegInf;
+      ok = features_.allowSpecialFloats_ && match("nfinity", 7);
+    }
+    break;
+  case 't':
+    token.type_ = tokenTrue;
+    ok = match("rue", 3);
+    break;
+  case 'f':
+    token.type_ = tokenFalse;
+    ok = match("alse", 4);
+    break;
+  case 'n':
+    token.type_ = tokenNull;
+    ok = match("ull", 3);
+    break;
+  case 'N':
+    if (features_.allowSpecialFloats_) {
+      token.type_ = tokenNaN;
+      ok = match("aN", 2);
+    } else {
+      ok = false;
+    }
+    break;
+  case 'I':
+    if (features_.allowSpecialFloats_) {
+      token.type_ = tokenPosInf;
+      ok = match("nfinity", 7);
+    } else {
+      ok = false;
+    }
+    break;
+  case ',':
+    token.type_ = tokenArraySeparator;
+    break;
+  case ':':
+    token.type_ = tokenMemberSeparator;
+    break;
+  case 0:
+    token.type_ = tokenEndOfStream;
+    break;
+  default:
+    ok = false;
+    break;
+  }
+  if (!ok)
+    token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.end_ = current_;
+  return true;
+}
+
+void OurReader::skipSpaces() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = *current_;
+    if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+      ++current_;
+    else
+      break;
+  }
+}
+
+bool OurReader::match(Location pattern, int patternLength) {
+  if (end_ - current_ < patternLength)
+    return false;
+  int index = patternLength;
+  while (index--)
+    if (current_[index] != pattern[index])
+      return false;
+  current_ += patternLength;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readComment() {
+  Location commentBegin = current_ - 1;
+  Char c = getNextChar();
+  bool successful = false;
+  if (c == '*')
+    successful = readCStyleComment();
+  else if (c == '/')
+    successful = readCppStyleComment();
+  if (!successful)
+    return false;
+
+  if (collectComments_) {
+    CommentPlacement placement = commentBefore;
+    if (lastValueEnd_ && !containsNewLine(lastValueEnd_, commentBegin)) {
+      if (c != '*' || !containsNewLine(commentBegin, current_))
+        placement = commentAfterOnSameLine;
+    }
+
+    addComment(commentBegin, current_, placement);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+void
+OurReader::addComment(Location begin, Location end, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  assert(collectComments_);
+  const std::string& normalized = normalizeEOL(begin, end);
+  if (placement == commentAfterOnSameLine) {
+    assert(lastValue_ != 0);
+    lastValue_->setComment(normalized, placement);
+  } else {
+    commentsBefore_ += normalized;
+  }
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readCStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '*' && *current_ == '/')
+      break;
+  }
+  return getNextChar() == '/';
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readCppStyleComment() {
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    Char c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\n')
+      break;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      // Consume DOS EOL. It will be normalized in addComment.
+      if (current_ != end_ && *current_ == '\n')
+        getNextChar();
+      // Break on Moc OS 9 EOL.
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readNumber(bool checkInf) {
+  const char *p = current_;
+  if (checkInf && p != end_ && *p == 'I') {
+    current_ = ++p;
+    return false;
+  }
+  char c = '0'; // stopgap for already consumed character
+  // integral part
+  while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  // fractional part
+  if (c == '.') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+  // exponential part
+  if (c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
+    c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    if (c == '+' || c == '-')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+    while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      c = (current_ = p) < end_ ? *p++ : 0;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+bool OurReader::readString() {
+  Char c = 0;
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\\')
+      getNextChar();
+    else if (c == '"')
+      break;
+  }
+  return c == '"';
+}
+
+
+bool OurReader::readStringSingleQuote() {
+  Char c = 0;
+  while (current_ != end_) {
+    c = getNextChar();
+    if (c == '\\')
+      getNextChar();
+    else if (c == '\'')
+      break;
+  }
+  return c == '\'';
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readObject(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Token tokenName;
+  std::string name;
+  Value init(objectValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  while (readToken(tokenName)) {
+    bool initialTokenOk = true;
+    while (tokenName.type_ == tokenComment && initialTokenOk)
+      initialTokenOk = readToken(tokenName);
+    if (!initialTokenOk)
+      break;
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenObjectEnd && name.empty()) // empty object
+      return true;
+    name = "";
+    if (tokenName.type_ == tokenString) {
+      if (!decodeString(tokenName, name))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+    } else if (tokenName.type_ == tokenNumber && features_.allowNumericKeys_) {
+      Value numberName;
+      if (!decodeNumber(tokenName, numberName))
+        return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+      name = numberName.asString();
+    } else {
+      break;
+    }
+
+    Token colon;
+    if (!readToken(colon) || colon.type_ != tokenMemberSeparator) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ':' after object member name", colon, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    if (name.length() >= (1U<<30)) throwRuntimeError("keylength >= 2^30");
+    if (features_.rejectDupKeys_ && currentValue().isMember(name)) {
+      std::string msg = "Duplicate key: '" + name + "'";
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          msg, tokenName, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    Value& value = currentValue()[name];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenObjectEnd);
+
+    Token comma;
+    if (!readToken(comma) ||
+        (comma.type_ != tokenObjectEnd && comma.type_ != tokenArraySeparator &&
+         comma.type_ != tokenComment)) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or '}' in object declaration", comma, tokenObjectEnd);
+    }
+    bool finalizeTokenOk = true;
+    while (comma.type_ == tokenComment && finalizeTokenOk)
+      finalizeTokenOk = readToken(comma);
+    if (comma.type_ == tokenObjectEnd)
+      return true;
+  }
+  return addErrorAndRecover(
+      "Missing '}' or object member name", tokenName, tokenObjectEnd);
+}
+
+bool OurReader::readArray(Token& tokenStart) {
+  Value init(arrayValue);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(init);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(tokenStart.start_ - begin_);
+  skipSpaces();
+  if (*current_ == ']') // empty array
+  {
+    Token endArray;
+    readToken(endArray);
+    return true;
+  }
+  int index = 0;
+  for (;;) {
+    Value& value = currentValue()[index++];
+    nodes_.push(&value);
+    bool ok = readValue();
+    nodes_.pop();
+    if (!ok) // error already set
+      return recoverFromError(tokenArrayEnd);
+
+    Token token;
+    // Accept Comment after last item in the array.
+    ok = readToken(token);
+    while (token.type_ == tokenComment && ok) {
+      ok = readToken(token);
+    }
+    bool badTokenType =
+        (token.type_ != tokenArraySeparator && token.type_ != tokenArrayEnd);
+    if (!ok || badTokenType) {
+      return addErrorAndRecover(
+          "Missing ',' or ']' in array declaration", token, tokenArrayEnd);
+    }
+    if (token.type_ == tokenArrayEnd)
+      break;
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeNumber(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeNumber(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeNumber(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  // Attempts to parse the number as an integer. If the number is
+  // larger than the maximum supported value of an integer then
+  // we decode the number as a double.
+  Location current = token.start_;
+  bool isNegative = *current == '-';
+  if (isNegative)
+    ++current;
+  // TODO: Help the compiler do the div and mod at compile time or get rid of them.
+  Value::LargestUInt maxIntegerValue =
+      isNegative ? Value::LargestUInt(-Value::minLargestInt)
+                 : Value::maxLargestUInt;
+  Value::LargestUInt threshold = maxIntegerValue / 10;
+  Value::LargestUInt value = 0;
+  while (current < token.end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+      return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+    Value::UInt digit(c - '0');
+    if (value >= threshold) {
+      // We've hit or exceeded the max value divided by 10 (rounded down). If
+      // a) we've only just touched the limit, b) this is the last digit, and
+      // c) it's small enough to fit in that rounding delta, we're okay.
+      // Otherwise treat this number as a double to avoid overflow.
+      if (value > threshold || current != token.end_ ||
+          digit > maxIntegerValue % 10) {
+        return decodeDouble(token, decoded);
+      }
+    }
+    value = value * 10 + digit;
+  }
+  if (isNegative)
+    decoded = -Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else if (value <= Value::LargestUInt(Value::maxInt))
+    decoded = Value::LargestInt(value);
+  else
+    decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeDouble(Token& token) {
+  Value decoded;
+  if (!decodeDouble(token, decoded))
+    return false;
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeDouble(Token& token, Value& decoded) {
+  double value = 0;
+  const int bufferSize = 32;
+  int count;
+  int length = int(token.end_ - token.start_);
+
+  // Sanity check to avoid buffer overflow exploits.
+  if (length < 0) {
+    return addError("Unable to parse token length", token);
+  }
+
+  // Avoid using a string constant for the format control string given to
+  // sscanf, as this can cause hard to debug crashes on OS X. See here for more
+  // info:
+  //
+  //     http://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#DOCUMENTATION/DeveloperTools/gcc-4.0.1/gcc/Incompatibilities.html
+  char format[] = "%lf";
+
+  if (length <= bufferSize) {
+    Char buffer[bufferSize + 1];
+    memcpy(buffer, token.start_, length);
+    buffer[length] = 0;
+    count = sscanf(buffer, format, &value);
+  } else {
+    std::string buffer(token.start_, token.end_);
+    count = sscanf(buffer.c_str(), format, &value);
+  }
+
+  if (count != 1)
+    return addError("'" + std::string(token.start_, token.end_) +
+                        "' is not a number.",
+                    token);
+  decoded = value;
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeString(Token& token) {
+  std::string decoded_string;
+  if (!decodeString(token, decoded_string))
+    return false;
+  Value decoded(decoded_string);
+  currentValue().swapPayload(decoded);
+  currentValue().setOffsetStart(token.start_ - begin_);
+  currentValue().setOffsetLimit(token.end_ - begin_);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeString(Token& token, std::string& decoded) {
+  decoded.reserve(token.end_ - token.start_ - 2);
+  Location current = token.start_ + 1; // skip '"'
+  Location end = token.end_ - 1;       // do not include '"'
+  while (current != end) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '"')
+      break;
+    else if (c == '\\') {
+      if (current == end)
+        return addError("Empty escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      Char escape = *current++;
+      switch (escape) {
+      case '"':
+        decoded += '"';
+        break;
+      case '/':
+        decoded += '/';
+        break;
+      case '\\':
+        decoded += '\\';
+        break;
+      case 'b':
+        decoded += '\b';
+        break;
+      case 'f':
+        decoded += '\f';
+        break;
+      case 'n':
+        decoded += '\n';
+        break;
+      case 'r':
+        decoded += '\r';
+        break;
+      case 't':
+        decoded += '\t';
+        break;
+      case 'u': {
+        unsigned int unicode;
+        if (!decodeUnicodeCodePoint(token, current, end, unicode))
+          return false;
+        decoded += codePointToUTF8(unicode);
+      } break;
+      default:
+        return addError("Bad escape sequence in string", token, current);
+      }
+    } else {
+      decoded += c;
+    }
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeUnicodeCodePoint(Token& token,
+                                    Location& current,
+                                    Location end,
+                                    unsigned int& unicode) {
+
+  if (!decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, unicode))
+    return false;
+  if (unicode >= 0xD800 && unicode <= 0xDBFF) {
+    // surrogate pairs
+    if (end - current < 6)
+      return addError(
+          "additional six characters expected to parse unicode surrogate pair.",
+          token,
+          current);
+    unsigned int surrogatePair;
+    if (*(current++) == '\\' && *(current++) == 'u') {
+      if (decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(token, current, end, surrogatePair)) {
+        unicode = 0x10000 + ((unicode & 0x3FF) << 10) + (surrogatePair & 0x3FF);
+      } else
+        return false;
+    } else
+      return addError("expecting another \\u token to begin the second half of "
+                      "a unicode surrogate pair",
+                      token,
+                      current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::decodeUnicodeEscapeSequence(Token& token,
+                                         Location& current,
+                                         Location end,
+                                         unsigned int& unicode) {
+  if (end - current < 4)
+    return addError(
+        "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: four digits expected.",
+        token,
+        current);
+  unicode = 0;
+  for (int index = 0; index < 4; ++index) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    unicode *= 16;
+    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+      unicode += c - '0';
+    else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+      unicode += c - 'a' + 10;
+    else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+      unicode += c - 'A' + 10;
+    else
+      return addError(
+          "Bad unicode escape sequence in string: hexadecimal digit expected.",
+          token,
+          current);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool
+OurReader::addError(const std::string& message, Token& token, Location extra) {
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = extra;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::recoverFromError(TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  int errorCount = int(errors_.size());
+  Token skip;
+  for (;;) {
+    if (!readToken(skip))
+      errors_.resize(errorCount); // discard errors caused by recovery
+    if (skip.type_ == skipUntilToken || skip.type_ == tokenEndOfStream)
+      break;
+  }
+  errors_.resize(errorCount);
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::addErrorAndRecover(const std::string& message,
+                                Token& token,
+                                TokenType skipUntilToken) {
+  addError(message, token);
+  return recoverFromError(skipUntilToken);
+}
+
+Value& OurReader::currentValue() { return *(nodes_.top()); }
+
+OurReader::Char OurReader::getNextChar() {
+  if (current_ == end_)
+    return 0;
+  return *current_++;
+}
+
+void OurReader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location,
+                                      int& line,
+                                      int& column) const {
+  Location current = begin_;
+  Location lastLineStart = current;
+  line = 0;
+  while (current < location && current != end_) {
+    Char c = *current++;
+    if (c == '\r') {
+      if (*current == '\n')
+        ++current;
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    } else if (c == '\n') {
+      lastLineStart = current;
+      ++line;
+    }
+  }
+  // column & line start at 1
+  column = int(location - lastLineStart) + 1;
+  ++line;
+}
+
+std::string OurReader::getLocationLineAndColumn(Location location) const {
+  int line, column;
+  getLocationLineAndColumn(location, line, column);
+  char buffer[18 + 16 + 16 + 1];
+  snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "Line %d, Column %d", line, column);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+std::string OurReader::getFormattedErrorMessages() const {
+  std::string formattedMessage;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    formattedMessage +=
+        "* " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.token_.start_) + "\n";
+    formattedMessage += "  " + error.message_ + "\n";
+    if (error.extra_)
+      formattedMessage +=
+          "See " + getLocationLineAndColumn(error.extra_) + " for detail.\n";
+  }
+  return formattedMessage;
+}
+
+std::vector<OurReader::StructuredError> OurReader::getStructuredErrors() const {
+  std::vector<OurReader::StructuredError> allErrors;
+  for (Errors::const_iterator itError = errors_.begin();
+       itError != errors_.end();
+       ++itError) {
+    const ErrorInfo& error = *itError;
+    OurReader::StructuredError structured;
+    structured.offset_start = error.token_.start_ - begin_;
+    structured.offset_limit = error.token_.end_ - begin_;
+    structured.message = error.message_;
+    allErrors.push_back(structured);
+  }
+  return allErrors;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = end_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = 0;
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::pushError(const Value& value, const std::string& message, const Value& extra) {
+  size_t length = end_ - begin_;
+  if(value.getOffsetStart() > length
+    || value.getOffsetLimit() > length
+    || extra.getOffsetLimit() > length)
+    return false;
+  Token token;
+  token.type_ = tokenError;
+  token.start_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetStart();
+  token.end_ = begin_ + value.getOffsetLimit();
+  ErrorInfo info;
+  info.token_ = token;
+  info.message_ = message;
+  info.extra_ = begin_ + extra.getOffsetStart();
+  errors_.push_back(info);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool OurReader::good() const {
+  return !errors_.size();
+}
+
+
+class OurCharReader : public CharReader {
+  bool const collectComments_;
+  OurReader reader_;
+public:
+  OurCharReader(
+    bool collectComments,
+    OurFeatures const& features)
+  : collectComments_(collectComments)
+  , reader_(features)
+  {}
+  bool parse(
+      char const* beginDoc, char const* endDoc,
+      Value* root, std::string* errs) {
+    bool ok = reader_.parse(beginDoc, endDoc, *root, collectComments_);
+    if (errs) {
+      *errs = reader_.getFormattedErrorMessages();
+    }
+    return ok;
+  }
+};
+
+CharReaderBuilder::CharReaderBuilder()
+{
+  setDefaults(&settings_);
+}
+CharReaderBuilder::~CharReaderBuilder()
+{}
+CharReader* CharReaderBuilder::newCharReader() const
+{
+  bool collectComments = settings_["collectComments"].asBool();
+  OurFeatures features = OurFeatures::all();
+  features.allowComments_ = settings_["allowComments"].asBool();
+  features.strictRoot_ = settings_["strictRoot"].asBool();
+  features.allowDroppedNullPlaceholders_ = settings_["allowDroppedNullPlaceholders"].asBool();
+  features.allowNumericKeys_ = settings_["allowNumericKeys"].asBool();
+  features.allowSingleQuotes_ = settings_["allowSingleQuotes"].asBool();
+  features.stackLimit_ = settings_["stackLimit"].asInt();
+  features.failIfExtra_ = settings_["failIfExtra"].asBool();
+  features.rejectDupKeys_ = settings_["rejectDupKeys"].asBool();
+  features.allowSpecialFloats_ = settings_["allowSpecialFloats"].asBool();
+  return new OurCharReader(collectComments, features);
+}
+static void getValidReaderKeys(std::set<std::string>* valid_keys)
+{
+  valid_keys->clear();
+  valid_keys->insert("collectComments");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowComments");
+  valid_keys->insert("strictRoot");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowDroppedNullPlaceholders");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowNumericKeys");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowSingleQuotes");
+  valid_keys->insert("stackLimit");
+  valid_keys->insert("failIfExtra");
+  valid_keys->insert("rejectDupKeys");
+  valid_keys->insert("allowSpecialFloats");
+}
+bool CharReaderBuilder::validate(Json::Value* invalid) const
+{
+  Json::Value my_invalid;
+  if (!invalid) invalid = &my_invalid;  // so we do not need to test for NULL
+  Json::Value& inv = *invalid;
+  std::set<std::string> valid_keys;
+  getValidReaderKeys(&valid_keys);
+  Value::Members keys = settings_.getMemberNames();
+  size_t n = keys.size();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    std::string const& key = keys[i];
+    if (valid_keys.find(key) == valid_keys.end()) {
+      inv[key] = settings_[key];
+    }
+  }
+  return 0u == inv.size();
+}
+Value& CharReaderBuilder::operator[](std::string key)
+{
+  return settings_[key];
+}
+// static
+void CharReaderBuilder::strictMode(Json::Value* settings)
+{
+//! [CharReaderBuilderStrictMode]
+  (*settings)["allowComments"] = false;
+  (*settings)["strictRoot"] = true;
+  (*settings)["allowDroppedNullPlaceholders"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowNumericKeys"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowSingleQuotes"] = false;
+  (*settings)["stackLimit"] = 1000;
+  (*settings)["failIfExtra"] = true;
+  (*settings)["rejectDupKeys"] = true;
+  (*settings)["allowSpecialFloats"] = false;
+//! [CharReaderBuilderStrictMode]
+}
+// static
+void CharReaderBuilder::setDefaults(Json::Value* settings)
+{
+//! [CharReaderBuilderDefaults]
+  (*settings)["collectComments"] = true;
+  (*settings)["allowComments"] = true;
+  (*settings)["strictRoot"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowDroppedNullPlaceholders"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowNumericKeys"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowSingleQuotes"] = false;
+  (*settings)["stackLimit"] = 1000;
+  (*settings)["failIfExtra"] = false;
+  (*settings)["rejectDupKeys"] = false;
+  (*settings)["allowSpecialFloats"] = false;
+//! [CharReaderBuilderDefaults]
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////
+// global functions
+
+bool parseFromStream(
+    CharReader::Factory const& fact, std::istream& sin,
+    Value* root, std::string* errs)
+{
+  std::ostringstream ssin;
+  ssin << sin.rdbuf();
+  std::string doc = ssin.str();
+  char const* begin = doc.data();
+  char const* end = begin + doc.size();
+  // Note that we do not actually need a null-terminator.
+  CharReaderPtr const reader(fact.newCharReader());
+  return reader->parse(begin, end, root, errs);
+}
+
+std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& sin, Value& root) {
+  CharReaderBuilder b;
+  std::string errs;
+  bool ok = parseFromStream(b, sin, &root, &errs);
+  if (!ok) {
+    fprintf(stderr,
+            "Error from reader: %s",
+            errs.c_str());
+
+    throwRuntimeError(errs);
+  }
+  return sin;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_reader.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_valueiterator.inl
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2007-2010 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+// included by json_value.cpp
+
+namespace Json {
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class ValueIteratorBase
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ValueIteratorBase::ValueIteratorBase()
+    : current_(), isNull_(true) {
+}
+
+ValueIteratorBase::ValueIteratorBase(
+    const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current)
+    : current_(current), isNull_(false) {}
+
+Value& ValueIteratorBase::deref() const {
+  return current_->second;
+}
+
+void ValueIteratorBase::increment() {
+  ++current_;
+}
+
+void ValueIteratorBase::decrement() {
+  --current_;
+}
+
+ValueIteratorBase::difference_type
+ValueIteratorBase::computeDistance(const SelfType& other) const {
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL_SMALLMAP
+  return other.current_ - current_;
+#else
+  // Iterator for null value are initialized using the default
+  // constructor, which initialize current_ to the default
+  // std::map::iterator. As begin() and end() are two instance
+  // of the default std::map::iterator, they can not be compared.
+  // To allow this, we handle this comparison specifically.
+  if (isNull_ && other.isNull_) {
+    return 0;
+  }
+
+  // Usage of std::distance is not portable (does not compile with Sun Studio 12
+  // RogueWave STL,
+  // which is the one used by default).
+  // Using a portable hand-made version for non random iterator instead:
+  //   return difference_type( std::distance( current_, other.current_ ) );
+  difference_type myDistance = 0;
+  for (Value::ObjectValues::iterator it = current_; it != other.current_;
+       ++it) {
+    ++myDistance;
+  }
+  return myDistance;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool ValueIteratorBase::isEqual(const SelfType& other) const {
+  if (isNull_) {
+    return other.isNull_;
+  }
+  return current_ == other.current_;
+}
+
+void ValueIteratorBase::copy(const SelfType& other) {
+  current_ = other.current_;
+  isNull_ = other.isNull_;
+}
+
+Value ValueIteratorBase::key() const {
+  const Value::CZString czstring = (*current_).first;
+  if (czstring.data()) {
+    if (czstring.isStaticString())
+      return Value(StaticString(czstring.data()));
+    return Value(czstring.data(), czstring.data() + czstring.length());
+  }
+  return Value(czstring.index());
+}
+
+UInt ValueIteratorBase::index() const {
+  const Value::CZString czstring = (*current_).first;
+  if (!czstring.data())
+    return czstring.index();
+  return Value::UInt(-1);
+}
+
+std::string ValueIteratorBase::name() const {
+  char const* keey;
+  char const* end;
+  keey = memberName(&end);
+  if (!keey) return std::string();
+  return std::string(keey, end);
+}
+
+char const* ValueIteratorBase::memberName() const {
+  const char* cname = (*current_).first.data();
+  return cname ? cname : "";
+}
+
+char const* ValueIteratorBase::memberName(char const** end) const {
+  const char* cname = (*current_).first.data();
+  if (!cname) {
+    *end = NULL;
+    return NULL;
+  }
+  *end = cname + (*current_).first.length();
+  return cname;
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class ValueConstIterator
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ValueConstIterator::ValueConstIterator() {}
+
+ValueConstIterator::ValueConstIterator(
+    const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(current) {}
+
+ValueConstIterator::ValueConstIterator(ValueIterator const& other)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(other) {}
+
+ValueConstIterator& ValueConstIterator::
+operator=(const ValueIteratorBase& other) {
+  copy(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class ValueIterator
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator() {}
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator(const Value::ObjectValues::iterator& current)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(current) {}
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator(const ValueConstIterator& other)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(other) {
+  throwRuntimeError("ConstIterator to Iterator should never be allowed.");
+}
+
+ValueIterator::ValueIterator(const ValueIterator& other)
+    : ValueIteratorBase(other) {}
+
+ValueIterator& ValueIterator::operator=(const SelfType& other) {
+  copy(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_valueiterator.inl
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_value.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2011 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <json/assertions.h>
+#include <json/value.h>
+#include <json/writer.h>
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <math.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cassert>
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+#include <cpptl/conststring.h>
+#endif
+#include <cstddef> // size_t
+#include <algorithm> // min()
+
+#define JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE assert(false)
+
+/*
+-- Valve 1/7/16
+4702 unreachable code
+*/
+#pragma warning (push)
+#pragma warning (disable: 4702)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+// This is a walkaround to avoid the static initialization of Value::null.
+// kNull must be word-aligned to avoid crashing on ARM.  We use an alignment of
+// 8 (instead of 4) as a bit of future-proofing.
+#if defined(__ARMEL__)
+#define ALIGNAS(byte_alignment) __attribute__((aligned(byte_alignment)))
+#else
+#define ALIGNAS(byte_alignment)
+#endif
+static const unsigned char ALIGNAS(8) kNull[sizeof(Value)] = { 0 };
+const unsigned char& kNullRef = kNull[0];
+const Value& Value::null = reinterpret_cast<const Value&>(kNullRef);
+const Value& Value::nullRef = null;
+
+const Int Value::minInt = Int(~(UInt(-1) / 2));
+const Int Value::maxInt = Int(UInt(-1) / 2);
+const UInt Value::maxUInt = UInt(-1);
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+const Int64 Value::minInt64 = Int64(~(UInt64(-1) / 2));
+const Int64 Value::maxInt64 = Int64(UInt64(-1) / 2);
+const UInt64 Value::maxUInt64 = UInt64(-1);
+// The constant is hard-coded because some compiler have trouble
+// converting Value::maxUInt64 to a double correctly (AIX/xlC).
+// Assumes that UInt64 is a 64 bits integer.
+static const double maxUInt64AsDouble = 18446744073709551615.0;
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+const LargestInt Value::minLargestInt = LargestInt(~(LargestUInt(-1) / 2));
+const LargestInt Value::maxLargestInt = LargestInt(LargestUInt(-1) / 2);
+const LargestUInt Value::maxLargestUInt = LargestUInt(-1);
+
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+template <typename T, typename U>
+static inline bool InRange(double d, T min, U max) {
+  return d >= min && d <= max;
+}
+#else  // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+static inline double integerToDouble(Json::UInt64 value) {
+  return static_cast<double>(Int64(value / 2)) * 2.0 + Int64(value & 1);
+}
+
+template <typename T> static inline double integerToDouble(T value) {
+  return static_cast<double>(value);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+static inline bool InRange(double d, T min, U max) {
+  return d >= integerToDouble(min) && d <= integerToDouble(max);
+}
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+
+/** Duplicates the specified string value.
+ * @param value Pointer to the string to duplicate. Must be zero-terminated if
+ *              length is "unknown".
+ * @param length Length of the value. if equals to unknown, then it will be
+ *               computed using strlen(value).
+ * @return Pointer on the duplicate instance of string.
+ */
+static inline char* duplicateStringValue(const char* value,
+                                         size_t length) {
+  // Avoid an integer overflow in the call to malloc below by limiting length
+  // to a sane value.
+  if (length >= (size_t)Value::maxInt)
+    length = Value::maxInt - 1;
+
+  char* newString = static_cast<char*>(malloc(length + 1));
+  if (newString == NULL) {
+    throwRuntimeError(
+        "in Json::Value::duplicateStringValue(): "
+        "Failed to allocate string value buffer");
+  }
+  memcpy(newString, value, length);
+  newString[length] = 0;
+  return newString;
+}
+
+/* Record the length as a prefix.
+ */
+static inline char* duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(
+    const char* value,
+    unsigned int length)
+{
+  // Avoid an integer overflow in the call to malloc below by limiting length
+  // to a sane value.
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(length <= (unsigned)Value::maxInt - sizeof(unsigned) - 1U,
+                      "in Json::Value::duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(): "
+                      "length too big for prefixing");
+  unsigned actualLength = length + static_cast<unsigned>(sizeof(unsigned)) + 1U;
+  char* newString = static_cast<char*>(malloc(actualLength));
+  if (newString == 0) {
+    throwRuntimeError(
+        "in Json::Value::duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(): "
+        "Failed to allocate string value buffer");
+  }
+  *reinterpret_cast<unsigned*>(newString) = length;
+  memcpy(newString + sizeof(unsigned), value, length);
+  newString[actualLength - 1U] = 0; // to avoid buffer over-run accidents by users later
+  return newString;
+}
+inline static void decodePrefixedString(
+    bool isPrefixed, char const* prefixed,
+    unsigned* length, char const** value)
+{
+  if (!isPrefixed) {
+    *length = static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(prefixed));
+    *value = prefixed;
+  } else {
+    *length = *reinterpret_cast<unsigned const*>(prefixed);
+    *value = prefixed + sizeof(unsigned);
+  }
+}
+/** Free the string duplicated by duplicateStringValue()/duplicateAndPrefixStringValue().
+ */
+static inline void releaseStringValue(char* value) { free(value); }
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ValueInternals...
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+#include "json_valueiterator.inl"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+
+namespace Json {
+
+Exception::Exception(std::string const& msg)
+  : msg_(msg)
+{}
+Exception::~Exception() throw()
+{}
+char const* Exception::what() const throw()
+{
+  return msg_.c_str();
+}
+RuntimeError::RuntimeError(std::string const& msg)
+  : Exception(msg)
+{}
+LogicError::LogicError(std::string const& msg)
+  : Exception(msg)
+{}
+void throwRuntimeError(std::string const& msg)
+{
+  throw RuntimeError(msg);
+}
+void throwLogicError(std::string const& msg)
+{
+  throw LogicError(msg);
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class Value::CommentInfo
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+Value::CommentInfo::CommentInfo() : comment_(0) {}
+
+Value::CommentInfo::~CommentInfo() {
+  if (comment_)
+    releaseStringValue(comment_);
+}
+
+void Value::CommentInfo::setComment(const char* text, size_t len) {
+  if (comment_) {
+    releaseStringValue(comment_);
+    comment_ = 0;
+  }
+  JSON_ASSERT(text != 0);
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      text[0] == '\0' || text[0] == '/',
+      "in Json::Value::setComment(): Comments must start with /");
+  // It seems that /**/ style comments are acceptable as well.
+  comment_ = duplicateStringValue(text, len);
+}
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class Value::CZString
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Notes: policy_ indicates if the string was allocated when
+// a string is stored.
+
+Value::CZString::CZString(ArrayIndex aindex) : cstr_(0), index_(aindex) {}
+
+Value::CZString::CZString(char const* str, unsigned ulength, DuplicationPolicy allocate)
+    : cstr_(str) {
+  // allocate != duplicate
+  storage_.policy_ = allocate & 0x3;
+  storage_.length_ = ulength & 0x3FFFFFFF;
+}
+
+Value::CZString::CZString(const CZString& other)
+    : cstr_(other.storage_.policy_ != noDuplication && other.cstr_ != 0
+                ? duplicateStringValue(other.cstr_, other.storage_.length_)
+                : other.cstr_) {
+  storage_.policy_ = (other.cstr_
+                 ? (static_cast<DuplicationPolicy>(other.storage_.policy_) == noDuplication
+                     ? noDuplication : duplicate)
+                 : static_cast<DuplicationPolicy>(other.storage_.policy_));
+  storage_.length_ = other.storage_.length_;
+}
+
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+Value::CZString::CZString(CZString&& other)
+  : cstr_(other.cstr_), index_(other.index_) {
+  other.cstr_ = nullptr;
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::CZString::~CZString() {
+  if (cstr_ && storage_.policy_ == duplicate)
+    releaseStringValue(const_cast<char*>(cstr_));
+}
+
+void Value::CZString::swap(CZString& other) {
+  std::swap(cstr_, other.cstr_);
+  std::swap(index_, other.index_);
+}
+
+Value::CZString& Value::CZString::operator=(CZString other) {
+  swap(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+bool Value::CZString::operator<(const CZString& other) const {
+  if (!cstr_) return index_ < other.index_;
+  //return strcmp(cstr_, other.cstr_) < 0;
+  // Assume both are strings.
+  unsigned this_len = this->storage_.length_;
+  unsigned other_len = other.storage_.length_;
+  unsigned min_len = std::min(this_len, other_len);
+  int comp = memcmp(this->cstr_, other.cstr_, min_len);
+  if (comp < 0) return true;
+  if (comp > 0) return false;
+  return (this_len < other_len);
+}
+
+bool Value::CZString::operator==(const CZString& other) const {
+  if (!cstr_) return index_ == other.index_;
+  //return strcmp(cstr_, other.cstr_) == 0;
+  // Assume both are strings.
+  unsigned this_len = this->storage_.length_;
+  unsigned other_len = other.storage_.length_;
+  if (this_len != other_len) return false;
+  int comp = memcmp(this->cstr_, other.cstr_, this_len);
+  return comp == 0;
+}
+
+ArrayIndex Value::CZString::index() const { return index_; }
+
+//const char* Value::CZString::c_str() const { return cstr_; }
+const char* Value::CZString::data() const { return cstr_; }
+unsigned Value::CZString::length() const { return storage_.length_; }
+bool Value::CZString::isStaticString() const { return storage_.policy_ == noDuplication; }
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// class Value::Value
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+/*! \internal Default constructor initialization must be equivalent to:
+ * memset( this, 0, sizeof(Value) )
+ * This optimization is used in ValueInternalMap fast allocator.
+ */
+Value::Value(ValueType vtype) {
+  initBasic(vtype);
+  switch (vtype) {
+  case nullValue:
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+    value_.int_ = 0;
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    value_.real_ = 0.0;
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+    value_.string_ = 0;
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    value_.map_ = new ObjectValues();
+    break;
+  case booleanValue:
+    value_.bool_ = false;
+    break;
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+}
+
+Value::Value(Int value) {
+  initBasic(intValue);
+  value_.int_ = value;
+}
+
+Value::Value(UInt value) {
+  initBasic(uintValue);
+  value_.uint_ = value;
+}
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+Value::Value(Int64 value) {
+  initBasic(intValue);
+  value_.int_ = value;
+}
+Value::Value(UInt64 value) {
+  initBasic(uintValue);
+  value_.uint_ = value;
+}
+#endif // defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+Value::Value(double value) {
+  initBasic(realValue);
+  value_.real_ = value;
+}
+
+Value::Value(const char* value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(value, static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(value)));
+}
+
+Value::Value(const char* beginValue, const char* endValue) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ =
+      duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(beginValue, static_cast<unsigned>(endValue - beginValue));
+}
+
+Value::Value(const std::string& value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ =
+      duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(value.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(value.length()));
+}
+
+Value::Value(const StaticString& value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue);
+  value_.string_ = const_cast<char*>(value.c_str());
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+Value::Value(const CppTL::ConstString& value) {
+  initBasic(stringValue, true);
+  value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(value, static_cast<unsigned>(value.length()));
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::Value(bool value) {
+  initBasic(booleanValue);
+  value_.bool_ = value;
+}
+
+Value::Value(Value const& other)
+    : type_(other.type_), allocated_(false)
+      ,
+      comments_(nullptr), default_value_(nullptr), start_(other.start_), limit_(other.limit_)
+{
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+  case realValue:
+  case booleanValue:
+    value_ = other.value_;
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+    if (other.value_.string_ && other.allocated_) {
+      unsigned len;
+      char const* str;
+      decodePrefixedString(other.allocated_, other.value_.string_,
+          &len, &str);
+      value_.string_ = duplicateAndPrefixStringValue(str, len);
+      allocated_ = true;
+    } else {
+      value_.string_ = other.value_.string_;
+      allocated_ = false;
+    }
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    value_.map_ = new ObjectValues(*other.value_.map_);
+    break;
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+  if (other.comments_) {
+    comments_ = new CommentInfo[numberOfCommentPlacement];
+    for (int comment = 0; comment < numberOfCommentPlacement; ++comment) {
+      const CommentInfo& otherComment = other.comments_[comment];
+      if (otherComment.comment_)
+        comments_[comment].setComment(
+            otherComment.comment_, strlen(otherComment.comment_));
+    }
+  }
+
+  if ( other.default_value_ )
+  {
+	  default_value_ = new Value( *other.default_value_ );
+  }
+
+}
+
+#if JSON_HAS_RVALUE_REFERENCES
+// Move constructor
+Value::Value(Value&& other) {
+  initBasic(nullValue);
+  swap(other);
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::~Value() {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+  case realValue:
+  case booleanValue:
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+    if (allocated_)
+      releaseStringValue(value_.string_);
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    delete value_.map_;
+    break;
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+
+  if (comments_)
+    delete[] comments_;
+
+  if ( default_value_)
+	  delete default_value_;
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator=(Value other) {
+  swap(other);
+  return *this;
+}
+
+void Value::swapPayload(Value& other) {
+  ValueType temp = type_;
+  type_ = other.type_;
+  other.type_ = temp;
+  std::swap(value_, other.value_);
+  int temp2 = allocated_;
+  allocated_ = other.allocated_;
+  other.allocated_ = temp2 & 0x1;
+}
+
+void Value::swap(Value& other) {
+  swapPayload(other);
+  std::swap(comments_, other.comments_);
+  std::swap(default_value_, other.default_value_);
+  std::swap(start_, other.start_);
+  std::swap(limit_, other.limit_);
+}
+
+ValueType Value::type() const { return type_; }
+
+int Value::compare(const Value& other) const {
+  if (*this < other)
+    return -1;
+  if (*this > other)
+    return 1;
+  return 0;
+}
+
+bool Value::operator<(const Value& other) const {
+  int typeDelta = type_ - other.type_;
+  if (typeDelta)
+    return typeDelta < 0 ? true : false;
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return false;
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ < other.value_.int_;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ < other.value_.uint_;
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ < other.value_.real_;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ < other.value_.bool_;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    if ((value_.string_ == 0) || (other.value_.string_ == 0)) {
+      if (other.value_.string_) return true;
+      else return false;
+    }
+    unsigned this_len;
+    unsigned other_len;
+    char const* this_str;
+    char const* other_str;
+    decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+    decodePrefixedString(other.allocated_, other.value_.string_, &other_len, &other_str);
+    unsigned min_len = std::min(this_len, other_len);
+    int comp = memcmp(this_str, other_str, min_len);
+    if (comp < 0) return true;
+    if (comp > 0) return false;
+    return (this_len < other_len);
+  }
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue: {
+    int delta = int(value_.map_->size() - other.value_.map_->size());
+    if (delta)
+      return delta < 0;
+    return (*value_.map_) < (*other.value_.map_);
+  }
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+  return false; // unreachable
+}
+
+bool Value::operator<=(const Value& other) const { return !(other < *this); }
+
+bool Value::operator>=(const Value& other) const { return !(*this < other); }
+
+bool Value::operator>(const Value& other) const { return other < *this; }
+
+bool Value::operator==(const Value& other) const {
+  // if ( type_ != other.type_ )
+  // GCC 2.95.3 says:
+  // attempt to take address of bit-field structure member `Json::Value::type_'
+  // Beats me, but a temp solves the problem.
+  int temp = other.type_;
+  if (type_ != temp)
+    return false;
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return true;
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ == other.value_.int_;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ == other.value_.uint_;
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ == other.value_.real_;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ == other.value_.bool_;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    if ((value_.string_ == 0) || (other.value_.string_ == 0)) {
+      return (value_.string_ == other.value_.string_);
+    }
+    unsigned this_len;
+    unsigned other_len;
+    char const* this_str;
+    char const* other_str;
+    decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+    decodePrefixedString(other.allocated_, other.value_.string_, &other_len, &other_str);
+    if (this_len != other_len) return false;
+    int comp = memcmp(this_str, other_str, this_len);
+    return comp == 0;
+  }
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    return value_.map_->size() == other.value_.map_->size() &&
+           (*value_.map_) == (*other.value_.map_);
+  default:
+    JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  }
+  return false; // unreachable
+}
+
+bool Value::operator!=(const Value& other) const { return !(*this == other); }
+
+const char* Value::asCString() const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == stringValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::asCString(): requires stringValue");
+  if (value_.string_ == 0) return 0;
+  unsigned this_len;
+  char const* this_str;
+  decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+  return this_str;
+}
+
+bool Value::getString(char const** str, char const** cend) const {
+  if (type_ != stringValue) return false;
+  if (value_.string_ == 0) return false;
+  unsigned length;
+  decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &length, str);
+  *cend = *str + length;
+  return true;
+}
+
+std::string Value::asString() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return "";
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    if (value_.string_ == 0) return "";
+    unsigned this_len;
+    char const* this_str;
+    decodePrefixedString(this->allocated_, this->value_.string_, &this_len, &this_str);
+    return std::string(this_str, this_len);
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? "true" : "false";
+  case intValue:
+    return valueToString(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    return valueToString(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    return valueToString(value_.real_);
+  default:
+	  if ( default_value_ )
+		  return default_value_->asString();
+	  else
+		  return "";
+  }
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+CppTL::ConstString Value::asConstString() const {
+  unsigned len;
+  char const* str;
+  decodePrefixedString(allocated_, value_.string_,
+      &len, &str);
+  return CppTL::ConstString(str, len);
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::Int Value::asInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt(), "LargestInt out of Int range");
+    return Int(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt(), "LargestUInt out of Int range");
+    return Int(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, minInt, maxInt),
+                        "double out of Int range");
+    return Int(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+	  if ( default_value_ )
+		  return default_value_->asInt();
+	  else
+		  return 0;
+  }
+}
+
+Value::UInt Value::asUInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt(), "LargestInt out of UInt range");
+    return UInt(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt(), "LargestUInt out of UInt range");
+    return UInt(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt),
+                        "double out of UInt range");
+    return UInt(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+	  if ( default_value_ )
+		  return default_value_->asUInt();
+	  else
+		  return 0u;
+  }
+}
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+Value::Int64 Value::asInt64() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return Int64(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isInt64(), "LargestUInt out of Int64 range");
+    return Int64(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, minInt64, maxInt64),
+                        "double out of Int64 range");
+    return Int64(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+	  if ( default_value_ )
+		  return default_value_->asInt64();
+	  else
+		  return 0l;
+  }
+}
+
+Value::UInt64 Value::asUInt64() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(isUInt64(), "LargestInt out of UInt64 range");
+    return UInt64(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+    return UInt64(value_.uint_);
+  case realValue:
+    JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt64),
+                        "double out of UInt64 range");
+    return UInt64(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1 : 0;
+  default:
+	  if ( default_value_ )
+		  return default_value_->asUInt64();
+	  else
+		  return 0ul;
+  }
+}
+#endif // if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+LargestInt Value::asLargestInt() const {
+#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+  return asInt();
+#else
+  return asInt64();
+#endif
+}
+
+LargestUInt Value::asLargestUInt() const {
+#if defined(JSON_NO_INT64)
+  return asUInt();
+#else
+  return asUInt64();
+#endif
+}
+
+double Value::asDouble() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return static_cast<double>(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return static_cast<double>(value_.uint_);
+#else  // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return integerToDouble(value_.uint_);
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_;
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0.0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1.0 : 0.0;
+  default:
+	  if ( default_value_ )
+		  return default_value_->asDouble();
+	  else
+		  return 0.0;
+  }
+}
+
+float Value::asFloat() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return static_cast<float>(value_.int_);
+  case uintValue:
+#if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return static_cast<float>(value_.uint_);
+#else  // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+    return integerToDouble(value_.uint_);
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_USE_INT64_DOUBLE_CONVERSION)
+  case realValue:
+    return static_cast<float>(value_.real_);
+  case nullValue:
+    return 0.0;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_ ? 1.0f : 0.0f;
+  default:
+	if ( default_value_ )
+		return default_value_->asFloat();
+	else
+		return 0.0f;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Value::asBool() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case booleanValue:
+    return value_.bool_;
+  case nullValue:
+    return false;
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ ? true : false;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ ? true : false;
+  case realValue:
+    // This is kind of strange. Not recommended.
+    return (value_.real_ != 0.0) ? true : false;
+  default:
+	if ( default_value_ )
+		return default_value_->asBool();
+	else
+		return false;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Value::isConvertibleTo(ValueType other) const {
+  switch (other) {
+  case nullValue:
+    return (isNumeric() && asDouble() == 0.0) ||
+           (type_ == booleanValue && value_.bool_ == false) ||
+           (type_ == stringValue && asString() == "") ||
+           (type_ == arrayValue && value_.map_->size() == 0) ||
+           (type_ == objectValue && value_.map_->size() == 0) ||
+           type_ == nullValue;
+  case intValue:
+    return isInt() ||
+           (type_ == realValue && InRange(value_.real_, minInt, maxInt)) ||
+           type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case uintValue:
+    return isUInt() ||
+           (type_ == realValue && InRange(value_.real_, 0, maxUInt)) ||
+           type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case realValue:
+    return isNumeric() || type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case booleanValue:
+    return isNumeric() || type_ == booleanValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case stringValue:
+    return isNumeric() || type_ == booleanValue || type_ == stringValue ||
+           type_ == nullValue;
+  case arrayValue:
+    return type_ == arrayValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  case objectValue:
+    return type_ == objectValue || type_ == nullValue;
+  }
+  JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  return false;
+}
+
+/// Number of values in array or object
+ArrayIndex Value::size() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case nullValue:
+  case intValue:
+  case uintValue:
+  case realValue:
+  case booleanValue:
+  case stringValue:
+    return 0;
+  case arrayValue: // size of the array is highest index + 1
+    if (!value_.map_->empty()) {
+      ObjectValues::const_iterator itLast = value_.map_->end();
+      --itLast;
+      return (*itLast).first.index() + 1;
+    }
+    return 0;
+  case objectValue:
+    return ArrayIndex(value_.map_->size());
+  }
+  JSON_ASSERT_UNREACHABLE;
+  return 0; // unreachable;
+}
+
+bool Value::empty() const {
+  if (isNull() || isArray() || isObject())
+    return size() == 0u;
+  else
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::operator!() const { return isNull(); }
+
+void Value::clear() {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue ||
+                          type_ == objectValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::clear(): requires complex value");
+  start_ = 0;
+  limit_ = 0;
+  delete default_value_;
+  default_value_ = nullptr;
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    value_.map_->clear();
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+}
+
+void Value::resize(ArrayIndex newSize) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::resize(): requires arrayValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(arrayValue);
+  ArrayIndex oldSize = size();
+  if (newSize == 0)
+    clear();
+  else if (newSize > oldSize)
+    (*this)[newSize - 1];
+  else {
+    for (ArrayIndex index = newSize; index < oldSize; ++index) {
+      value_.map_->erase(index);
+    }
+    assert(size() == newSize);
+  }
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](ArrayIndex index) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](ArrayIndex): requires arrayValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(arrayValue);
+  CZString key(index);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->lower_bound(key);
+  if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == key)
+    return (*it).second;
+
+  ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(key, nullRef);
+  it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
+  return (*it).second;
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](int index) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      index >= 0,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](int index): index cannot be negative");
+  return (*this)[ArrayIndex(index)];
+}
+
+const Value& Value::operator[](ArrayIndex index) const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == arrayValue,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](ArrayIndex)const: requires arrayValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    return nullRef;
+  CZString key(index);
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->find(key);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end())
+    return nullRef;
+  return (*it).second;
+}
+
+const Value& Value::operator[](int index) const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      index >= 0,
+      "in Json::Value::operator[](int index) const: index cannot be negative");
+  return (*this)[ArrayIndex(index)];
+}
+
+void Value::initBasic(ValueType vtype, bool allocated) {
+  type_ = vtype;
+  allocated_ = allocated;
+  comments_ = 0;
+  start_ = 0;
+  limit_ = 0;
+  default_value_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+// Access an object value by name, create a null member if it does not exist.
+// @pre Type of '*this' is object or null.
+// @param key is null-terminated.
+Value& Value::resolveReference(const char* key) {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::resolveReference(): requires objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(objectValue);
+  CZString actualKey(
+      key, static_cast<unsigned>(strlen(key)), CZString::noDuplication); // NOTE!
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->lower_bound(actualKey);
+  if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == actualKey)
+    return (*it).second;
+
+  ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(actualKey, nullRef);
+  it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
+  Value& value = (*it).second;
+  return value;
+}
+
+// @param key is not null-terminated.
+Value& Value::resolveReference(char const* key, char const* cend)
+{
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::resolveReference(key, end): requires objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    *this = Value(objectValue);
+  CZString actualKey(
+      key, static_cast<unsigned>(cend-key), CZString::duplicateOnCopy);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->lower_bound(actualKey);
+  if (it != value_.map_->end() && (*it).first == actualKey)
+    return (*it).second;
+
+  ObjectValues::value_type defaultValue(actualKey, nullRef);
+  it = value_.map_->insert(it, defaultValue);
+  Value& value = (*it).second;
+  return value;
+}
+
+Value Value::get(ArrayIndex index, const Value& defaultValue) const {
+  const Value* value = &((*this)[index]);
+  if ( value == &nullRef )
+  {
+	  return defaultValue;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+	  Value result = *value;
+	  result.default_value_ = new Value( defaultValue );
+	  return result;
+  }
+}
+
+bool Value::isValidIndex(ArrayIndex index) const { return index < size(); }
+
+Value const* Value::find(char const* key, char const* cend) const
+{
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::find(key, end, found): requires objectValue or nullValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue) return NULL;
+  CZString actualKey(key, static_cast<unsigned>(cend-key), CZString::noDuplication);
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->find(actualKey);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end()) return NULL;
+  return &(*it).second;
+}
+const Value& Value::operator[](const char* key) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key, key + strlen(key));
+  if (!found) return nullRef;
+  return *found;
+}
+Value const& Value::operator[](std::string const& key) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
+  if (!found) return nullRef;
+  return *found;
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](const char* key) {
+  return resolveReference(key, key + strlen(key));
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](const std::string& key) {
+  return resolveReference(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
+}
+
+Value& Value::operator[](const StaticString& key) {
+  return resolveReference(key.c_str());
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+Value& Value::operator[](const CppTL::ConstString& key) {
+  return resolveReference(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str());
+}
+Value const& Value::operator[](CppTL::ConstString const& key) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str());
+  if (!found) return nullRef;
+  return *found;
+}
+#endif
+
+Value& Value::append(const Value& value) { return (*this)[size()] = value; }
+
+Value Value::get(char const* key, char const* cend, Value const& defaultValue) const
+{
+  Value const* found = find(key, cend);
+  if ( !found )
+  {
+	  return defaultValue;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+	  Value result = *found;
+	  result.default_value_ = new Value( defaultValue );
+	  return result;
+  }
+}
+Value Value::get(char const* key, Value const& defaultValue) const
+{
+  return get(key, key + strlen(key), defaultValue);
+}
+Value Value::get(std::string const& key, Value const& defaultValue) const
+{
+  return get(key.data(), key.data() + key.length(), defaultValue);
+}
+
+
+bool Value::removeMember(const char* key, const char* cend, Value* removed)
+{
+  if (type_ != objectValue) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  CZString actualKey(key, static_cast<unsigned>(cend-key), CZString::noDuplication);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->find(actualKey);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end())
+    return false;
+  *removed = it->second;
+  value_.map_->erase(it);
+  return true;
+}
+bool Value::removeMember(const char* key, Value* removed)
+{
+  return removeMember(key, key + strlen(key), removed);
+}
+bool Value::removeMember(std::string const& key, Value* removed)
+{
+  return removeMember(key.data(), key.data() + key.length(), removed);
+}
+Value Value::removeMember(const char* key)
+{
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+                      "in Json::Value::removeMember(): requires objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    return nullRef;
+
+  Value removed;  // null
+  removeMember(key, key + strlen(key), &removed);
+  return removed; // still null if removeMember() did nothing
+}
+Value Value::removeMember(const std::string& key)
+{
+  return removeMember(key.c_str());
+}
+
+bool Value::removeIndex(ArrayIndex index, Value* removed) {
+  if (type_ != arrayValue) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  CZString key(index);
+  ObjectValues::iterator it = value_.map_->find(key);
+  if (it == value_.map_->end()) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  *removed = it->second;
+  ArrayIndex oldSize = size();
+  // shift left all items left, into the place of the "removed"
+  for (ArrayIndex i = index; i < (oldSize - 1); ++i){
+    CZString keey(i);
+    (*value_.map_)[keey] = (*this)[i + 1];
+  }
+  // erase the last one ("leftover")
+  CZString keyLast(oldSize - 1);
+  ObjectValues::iterator itLast = value_.map_->find(keyLast);
+  value_.map_->erase(itLast);
+  return true;
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+Value Value::get(const CppTL::ConstString& key,
+                 const Value& defaultValue) const {
+  return get(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str(), defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+bool Value::isMember(char const* key, char const* cend) const
+{
+  Value const* value = find(key, cend);
+  return NULL != value;
+}
+bool Value::isMember(char const* key) const
+{
+  return isMember(key, key + strlen(key));
+}
+bool Value::isMember(std::string const& key) const
+{
+  return isMember(key.data(), key.data() + key.length());
+}
+
+#ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+bool Value::isMember(const CppTL::ConstString& key) const {
+  return isMember(key.c_str(), key.end_c_str());
+}
+#endif
+
+Value::Members Value::getMemberNames() const {
+  JSON_ASSERT_MESSAGE(
+      type_ == nullValue || type_ == objectValue,
+      "in Json::Value::getMemberNames(), value must be objectValue");
+  if (type_ == nullValue)
+    return Value::Members();
+  Members members;
+  members.reserve(value_.map_->size());
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator it = value_.map_->begin();
+  ObjectValues::const_iterator itEnd = value_.map_->end();
+  for (; it != itEnd; ++it) {
+    members.push_back(std::string((*it).first.data(),
+                                  (*it).first.length()));
+  }
+  return members;
+}
+//
+//# ifdef JSON_USE_CPPTL
+// EnumMemberNames
+// Value::enumMemberNames() const
+//{
+//   if ( type_ == objectValue )
+//   {
+//      return CppTL::Enum::any(  CppTL::Enum::transform(
+//         CppTL::Enum::keys( *(value_.map_), CppTL::Type<const CZString &>() ),
+//         MemberNamesTransform() ) );
+//   }
+//   return EnumMemberNames();
+//}
+//
+//
+// EnumValues
+// Value::enumValues() const
+//{
+//   if ( type_ == objectValue  ||  type_ == arrayValue )
+//      return CppTL::Enum::anyValues( *(value_.map_),
+//                                     CppTL::Type<const Value &>() );
+//   return EnumValues();
+//}
+//
+//# endif
+
+static bool IsIntegral(double d) {
+  double integral_part;
+  return modf(d, &integral_part) == 0.0;
+}
+
+bool Value::isNull() const { return type_ == nullValue; }
+
+bool Value::isBool() const { return type_ == booleanValue; }
+
+bool Value::isInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ >= minInt && value_.int_ <= maxInt;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ <= UInt(maxInt);
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ >= minInt && value_.real_ <= maxInt &&
+           IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isUInt() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ >= 0 && LargestUInt(value_.int_) <= LargestUInt(maxUInt);
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ <= maxUInt;
+  case realValue:
+    return value_.real_ >= 0 && value_.real_ <= maxUInt &&
+           IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isInt64() const {
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return true;
+  case uintValue:
+    return value_.uint_ <= UInt64(maxInt64);
+  case realValue:
+    // Note that maxInt64 (= 2^63 - 1) is not exactly representable as a
+    // double, so double(maxInt64) will be rounded up to 2^63. Therefore we
+    // require the value to be strictly less than the limit.
+    return value_.real_ >= double(minInt64) &&
+           value_.real_ < double(maxInt64) && IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+#endif // JSON_HAS_INT64
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isUInt64() const {
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  switch (type_) {
+  case intValue:
+    return value_.int_ >= 0;
+  case uintValue:
+    return true;
+  case realValue:
+    // Note that maxUInt64 (= 2^64 - 1) is not exactly representable as a
+    // double, so double(maxUInt64) will be rounded up to 2^64. Therefore we
+    // require the value to be strictly less than the limit.
+    return value_.real_ >= 0 && value_.real_ < maxUInt64AsDouble &&
+           IsIntegral(value_.real_);
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+#endif // JSON_HAS_INT64
+  return false;
+}
+
+bool Value::isIntegral() const {
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+  return isInt64() || isUInt64();
+#else
+  return isInt() || isUInt();
+#endif
+}
+
+bool Value::isDouble() const { return type_ == realValue || isIntegral(); }
+
+bool Value::isNumeric() const { return isIntegral() || isDouble(); }
+
+bool Value::isString() const { return type_ == stringValue; }
+
+bool Value::isArray() const { return type_ == arrayValue; }
+
+bool Value::isObject() const { return type_ == objectValue; }
+
+void Value::setComment(const char* comment, size_t len, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  if (!comments_)
+    comments_ = new CommentInfo[numberOfCommentPlacement];
+  if ((len > 0) && (comment[len-1] == '\n')) {
+    // Always discard trailing newline, to aid indentation.
+    len -= 1;
+  }
+  comments_[placement].setComment(comment, len);
+}
+
+void Value::setComment(const char* comment, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  setComment(comment, strlen(comment), placement);
+}
+
+void Value::setComment(const std::string& comment, CommentPlacement placement) {
+  setComment(comment.c_str(), comment.length(), placement);
+}
+
+bool Value::hasComment(CommentPlacement placement) const {
+  return comments_ != 0 && comments_[placement].comment_ != 0;
+}
+
+std::string Value::getComment(CommentPlacement placement) const {
+  if (hasComment(placement))
+    return comments_[placement].comment_;
+  return "";
+}
+
+void Value::setOffsetStart(size_t start) { start_ = start; }
+
+void Value::setOffsetLimit(size_t limit) { limit_ = limit; }
+
+size_t Value::getOffsetStart() const { return start_; }
+
+size_t Value::getOffsetLimit() const { return limit_; }
+
+std::string Value::toStyledString() const {
+  StyledWriter writer;
+  return writer.write(*this);
+}
+
+Value::const_iterator Value::begin() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return const_iterator(value_.map_->begin());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return const_iterator();
+}
+
+Value::const_iterator Value::end() const {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return const_iterator(value_.map_->end());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return const_iterator();
+}
+
+Value::iterator Value::begin() {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return iterator(value_.map_->begin());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return iterator();
+}
+
+Value::iterator Value::end() {
+  switch (type_) {
+  case arrayValue:
+  case objectValue:
+    if (value_.map_)
+      return iterator(value_.map_->end());
+    break;
+  default:
+    break;
+  }
+  return iterator();
+}
+
+// class PathArgument
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument() : key_(), index_(), kind_(kindNone) {}
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument(ArrayIndex index)
+    : key_(), index_(index), kind_(kindIndex) {}
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument(const char* key)
+    : key_(key), index_(), kind_(kindKey) {}
+
+PathArgument::PathArgument(const std::string& key)
+    : key_(key.c_str()), index_(), kind_(kindKey) {}
+
+// class Path
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+Path::Path(const std::string& path,
+           const PathArgument& a1,
+           const PathArgument& a2,
+           const PathArgument& a3,
+           const PathArgument& a4,
+           const PathArgument& a5) {
+  InArgs in;
+  in.push_back(&a1);
+  in.push_back(&a2);
+  in.push_back(&a3);
+  in.push_back(&a4);
+  in.push_back(&a5);
+  makePath(path, in);
+}
+
+void Path::makePath(const std::string& path, const InArgs& in) {
+  const char* current = path.c_str();
+  const char* end = current + path.length();
+  InArgs::const_iterator itInArg = in.begin();
+  while (current != end) {
+    if (*current == '[') {
+      ++current;
+      if (*current == '%')
+        addPathInArg(path, in, itInArg, PathArgument::kindIndex);
+      else {
+        ArrayIndex index = 0;
+        for (; current != end && *current >= '0' && *current <= '9'; ++current)
+          index = index * 10 + ArrayIndex(*current - '0');
+        args_.push_back(index);
+      }
+      if (current == end || *current++ != ']')
+        invalidPath(path, int(current - path.c_str()));
+    } else if (*current == '%') {
+      addPathInArg(path, in, itInArg, PathArgument::kindKey);
+      ++current;
+    } else if (*current == '.') {
+      ++current;
+    } else {
+      const char* beginName = current;
+      while (current != end && !strchr("[.", *current))
+        ++current;
+      args_.push_back(std::string(beginName, current));
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void Path::addPathInArg(const std::string& /*path*/,
+                        const InArgs& in,
+                        InArgs::const_iterator& itInArg,
+                        PathArgument::Kind kind) {
+  if (itInArg == in.end()) {
+    // Error: missing argument %d
+  } else if ((*itInArg)->kind_ != kind) {
+    // Error: bad argument type
+  } else {
+    args_.push_back(**itInArg);
+  }
+}
+
+void Path::invalidPath(const std::string& /*path*/, int /*location*/) {
+  // Error: invalid path.
+}
+
+const Value& Path::resolve(const Value& root) const {
+  const Value* node = &root;
+  for (Args::const_iterator it = args_.begin(); it != args_.end(); ++it) {
+    const PathArgument& arg = *it;
+    if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
+      if (!node->isArray() || !node->isValidIndex(arg.index_)) {
+        // Error: unable to resolve path (array value expected at position...
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
+    } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
+      if (!node->isObject()) {
+        // Error: unable to resolve path (object value expected at position...)
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
+      if (node == &Value::nullRef) {
+        // Error: unable to resolve path (object has no member named '' at
+        // position...)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return *node;
+}
+
+Value Path::resolve(const Value& root, const Value& defaultValue) const {
+  const Value* node = &root;
+  for (Args::const_iterator it = args_.begin(); it != args_.end(); ++it) {
+    const PathArgument& arg = *it;
+    if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
+      if (!node->isArray() || !node->isValidIndex(arg.index_))
+        return defaultValue;
+      node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
+    } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
+      if (!node->isObject())
+        return defaultValue;
+      node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
+      if (node == &Value::nullRef)
+        return defaultValue;
+    }
+  }
+  return *node;
+}
+
+Value& Path::make(Value& root) const {
+  Value* node = &root;
+  for (Args::const_iterator it = args_.begin(); it != args_.end(); ++it) {
+    const PathArgument& arg = *it;
+    if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindIndex) {
+      if (!node->isArray()) {
+        // Error: node is not an array at position ...
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.index_]);
+    } else if (arg.kind_ == PathArgument::kindKey) {
+      if (!node->isObject()) {
+        // Error: node is not an object at position...
+      }
+      node = &((*node)[arg.key_]);
+    }
+  }
+  return *node;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+#pragma warning (pop)
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_value.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Beginning of content of file: src/lib_json/json_writer.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// Copyright 2011 Baptiste Lepilleur
+// Distributed under MIT license, or public domain if desired and
+// recognized in your jurisdiction.
+// See file LICENSE for detail or copy at http://jsoncpp.sourceforge.net/LICENSE
+
+#if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <json/writer.h>
+#include "json_tool.h"
+#endif // if !defined(JSON_IS_AMALGAMATION)
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <utility>
+#include <set>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1200 && _MSC_VER < 1800 // Between VC++ 6.0 and VC++ 11.0
+#include <float.h>
+#define isfinite _finite
+#elif defined(__sun) && defined(__SVR4) //Solaris
+#if !defined(isfinite)
+#include <ieeefp.h>
+#define isfinite finite
+#endif
+#elif defined(_AIX)
+#if !defined(isfinite)
+#include <math.h>
+#define isfinite finite
+#endif
+#elif defined(__hpux)
+#if !defined(isfinite)
+#if defined(__ia64) && !defined(finite)
+#define isfinite(x) ((sizeof(x) == sizeof(float) ? \
+                     _Isfinitef(x) : _IsFinite(x)))
+#else
+#include <math.h>
+#define isfinite finite
+#endif
+#endif
+#else
+#include <cmath>
+#if !(defined(__QNXNTO__)) // QNX already defines isfinite
+#define isfinite std::isfinite
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#if !defined(WINCE) && defined(__STDC_SECURE_LIB__) && _MSC_VER >= 1500 // VC++ 9.0 and above
+#define snprintf sprintf_s
+#elif _MSC_VER >= 1900 // VC++ 14.0 and above
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#else
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+#elif defined(__ANDROID__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#define snprintf snprintf
+#elif __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define snprintf std::snprintf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__BORLANDC__)  
+#include <float.h>
+#define isfinite _finite
+#define snprintf _snprintf
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 // VC++ 8.0
+// Disable warning about strdup being deprecated.
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+#endif
+
+namespace Json {
+
+#if __cplusplus >= 201103L || (defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER >= 520)
+typedef std::unique_ptr<StreamWriter> StreamWriterPtr;
+#else
+typedef std::auto_ptr<StreamWriter>   StreamWriterPtr;
+#endif
+
+static bool containsControlCharacter(const char* str) {
+  while (*str) {
+    if (isControlCharacter(*(str++)))
+      return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+static bool containsControlCharacter0(const char* str, unsigned len) {
+  char const* end = str + len;
+  while (end != str) {
+    if (isControlCharacter(*str) || 0==*str)
+      return true;
+    ++str;
+  }
+  return false;
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(LargestInt value) {
+  UIntToStringBuffer buffer;
+  char* current = buffer + sizeof(buffer);
+  if (value == Value::minLargestInt) {
+    uintToString(LargestUInt(Value::maxLargestInt) + 1, current);
+    *--current = '-';
+  } else if (value < 0) {
+    uintToString(LargestUInt(-value), current);
+    *--current = '-';
+  } else {
+    uintToString(LargestUInt(value), current);
+  }
+  assert(current >= buffer);
+  return current;
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(LargestUInt value) {
+  UIntToStringBuffer buffer;
+  char* current = buffer + sizeof(buffer);
+  uintToString(value, current);
+  assert(current >= buffer);
+  return current;
+}
+
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+std::string valueToString(Int value) {
+  return valueToString(LargestInt(value));
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(UInt value) {
+  return valueToString(LargestUInt(value));
+}
+
+#endif // # if defined(JSON_HAS_INT64)
+
+std::string valueToString(double value, bool useSpecialFloats, unsigned int precision) {
+  // Allocate a buffer that is more than large enough to store the 16 digits of
+  // precision requested below.
+  char buffer[32];
+  int len = -1;
+
+  char formatString[6];
+  sprintf(formatString, "%%.%dg", precision);
+
+  // Print into the buffer. We need not request the alternative representation
+  // that always has a decimal point because JSON doesn't distingish the
+  // concepts of reals and integers.
+  if (isfinite(value)) {
+    len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), formatString, value);
+  } else {
+    // IEEE standard states that NaN values will not compare to themselves
+    if (value != value) {
+      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), useSpecialFloats ? "NaN" : "null");
+    } else if (value < 0) {
+      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), useSpecialFloats ? "-Infinity" : "-1e+9999");
+    } else {
+      len = snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), useSpecialFloats ? "Infinity" : "1e+9999");
+    }
+    // For those, we do not need to call fixNumLoc, but it is fast.
+  }
+  assert(len >= 0);
+  fixNumericLocale(buffer, buffer + len);
+  return buffer;
+}
+
+std::string valueToString(double value) { return valueToString(value, false, 17); }
+
+std::string valueToString(bool value) { return value ? "true" : "false"; }
+
+std::string valueToQuotedString(const char* value) {
+  if (value == NULL)
+    return "";
+  // Not sure how to handle unicode...
+  if (strpbrk(value, "\"\\\b\f\n\r\t") == NULL &&
+      !containsControlCharacter(value))
+    return std::string("\"") + value + "\"";
+  // We have to walk value and escape any special characters.
+  // Appending to std::string is not efficient, but this should be rare.
+  // (Note: forward slashes are *not* rare, but I am not escaping them.)
+  std::string::size_type maxsize =
+      strlen(value) * 2 + 3; // allescaped+quotes+NULL
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(maxsize); // to avoid lots of mallocs
+  result += "\"";
+  for (const char* c = value; *c != 0; ++c) {
+    switch (*c) {
+    case '\"':
+      result += "\\\"";
+      break;
+    case '\\':
+      result += "\\\\";
+      break;
+    case '\b':
+      result += "\\b";
+      break;
+    case '\f':
+      result += "\\f";
+      break;
+    case '\n':
+      result += "\\n";
+      break;
+    case '\r':
+      result += "\\r";
+      break;
+    case '\t':
+      result += "\\t";
+      break;
+    // case '/':
+    // Even though \/ is considered a legal escape in JSON, a bare
+    // slash is also legal, so I see no reason to escape it.
+    // (I hope I am not misunderstanding something.
+    // blep notes: actually escaping \/ may be useful in javascript to avoid </
+    // sequence.
+    // Should add a flag to allow this compatibility mode and prevent this
+    // sequence from occurring.
+    default:
+      if (isControlCharacter(*c)) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "\\u" << std::hex << std::uppercase << std::setfill('0')
+            << std::setw(4) << static_cast<int>(*c);
+        result += oss.str();
+      } else {
+        result += *c;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  result += "\"";
+  return result;
+}
+
+// https://github.com/upcaste/upcaste/blob/master/src/upcore/src/cstring/strnpbrk.cpp
+static char const* strnpbrk(char const* s, char const* accept, size_t n) {
+  assert((s || !n) && accept);
+
+  char const* const end = s + n;
+  for (char const* cur = s; cur < end; ++cur) {
+    int const c = *cur;
+    for (char const* a = accept; *a; ++a) {
+      if (*a == c) {
+        return cur;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  return NULL;
+}
+static std::string valueToQuotedStringN(const char* value, unsigned length) {
+  if (value == NULL)
+    return "";
+  // Not sure how to handle unicode...
+  if (strnpbrk(value, "\"\\\b\f\n\r\t", length) == NULL &&
+      !containsControlCharacter0(value, length))
+    return std::string("\"") + value + "\"";
+  // We have to walk value and escape any special characters.
+  // Appending to std::string is not efficient, but this should be rare.
+  // (Note: forward slashes are *not* rare, but I am not escaping them.)
+  std::string::size_type maxsize =
+      length * 2 + 3; // allescaped+quotes+NULL
+  std::string result;
+  result.reserve(maxsize); // to avoid lots of mallocs
+  result += "\"";
+  char const* end = value + length;
+  for (const char* c = value; c != end; ++c) {
+    switch (*c) {
+    case '\"':
+      result += "\\\"";
+      break;
+    case '\\':
+      result += "\\\\";
+      break;
+    case '\b':
+      result += "\\b";
+      break;
+    case '\f':
+      result += "\\f";
+      break;
+    case '\n':
+      result += "\\n";
+      break;
+    case '\r':
+      result += "\\r";
+      break;
+    case '\t':
+      result += "\\t";
+      break;
+    // case '/':
+    // Even though \/ is considered a legal escape in JSON, a bare
+    // slash is also legal, so I see no reason to escape it.
+    // (I hope I am not misunderstanding something.)
+    // blep notes: actually escaping \/ may be useful in javascript to avoid </
+    // sequence.
+    // Should add a flag to allow this compatibility mode and prevent this
+    // sequence from occurring.
+    default:
+      if ((isControlCharacter(*c)) || (*c == 0)) {
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "\\u" << std::hex << std::uppercase << std::setfill('0')
+            << std::setw(4) << static_cast<int>(*c);
+        result += oss.str();
+      } else {
+        result += *c;
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  result += "\"";
+  return result;
+}
+
+// Class Writer
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+Writer::~Writer() {}
+
+// Class FastWriter
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+FastWriter::FastWriter()
+    : yamlCompatiblityEnabled_(false), dropNullPlaceholders_(false),
+      omitEndingLineFeed_(false) {}
+
+void FastWriter::enableYAMLCompatibility() { yamlCompatiblityEnabled_ = true; }
+
+void FastWriter::dropNullPlaceholders() { dropNullPlaceholders_ = true; }
+
+void FastWriter::omitEndingLineFeed() { omitEndingLineFeed_ = true; }
+
+std::string FastWriter::write(const Value& root) {
+  document_ = "";
+  writeValue(root);
+  if (!omitEndingLineFeed_)
+    document_ += "\n";
+  return document_;
+}
+
+void FastWriter::writeValue(const Value& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    if (!dropNullPlaceholders_)
+      document_ += "null";
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asLargestInt());
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asLargestUInt());
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asDouble());
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) document_ += valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str));
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    document_ += valueToString(value.asBool());
+    break;
+  case arrayValue: {
+    document_ += '[';
+    int size = value.size();
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (index > 0)
+        document_ += ',';
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+    }
+    document_ += ']';
+  } break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    document_ += '{';
+    for (Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin(); it != members.end();
+         ++it) {
+      const std::string& name = *it;
+      if (it != members.begin())
+        document_ += ',';
+      document_ += valueToQuotedStringN(name.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(name.length()));
+      document_ += yamlCompatiblityEnabled_ ? ": " : ":";
+      writeValue(value[name]);
+    }
+    document_ += '}';
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+// Class StyledWriter
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+StyledWriter::StyledWriter()
+    : rightMargin_(74), indentSize_(3), addChildValues_() {}
+
+std::string StyledWriter::write(const Value& root) {
+  document_ = "";
+  addChildValues_ = false;
+  indentString_ = "";
+  writeCommentBeforeValue(root);
+  writeValue(root);
+  writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(root);
+  document_ += "\n";
+  return document_;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeValue(const Value& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    pushValue("null");
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestInt()));
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestUInt()));
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asDouble()));
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) pushValue(valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str)));
+    else pushValue("");
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asBool()));
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+    writeArrayValue(value);
+    break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    if (members.empty())
+      pushValue("{}");
+    else {
+      writeWithIndent("{");
+      indent();
+      Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin();
+      for (;;) {
+        const std::string& name = *it;
+        const Value& childValue = value[name];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        writeWithIndent(valueToQuotedString(name.c_str()));
+        document_ += " : ";
+        writeValue(childValue);
+        if (++it == members.end()) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        document_ += ',';
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("}");
+    }
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeArrayValue(const Value& value) {
+  unsigned size = value.size();
+  if (size == 0)
+    pushValue("[]");
+  else {
+    bool isArrayMultiLine = isMultineArray(value);
+    if (isArrayMultiLine) {
+      writeWithIndent("[");
+      indent();
+      bool hasChildValue = !childValues_.empty();
+      unsigned index = 0;
+      for (;;) {
+        const Value& childValue = value[index];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        if (hasChildValue)
+          writeWithIndent(childValues_[index]);
+        else {
+          writeIndent();
+          writeValue(childValue);
+        }
+        if (++index == size) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        document_ += ',';
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("]");
+    } else // output on a single line
+    {
+      assert(childValues_.size() == size);
+      document_ += "[ ";
+      for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+        if (index > 0)
+          document_ += ", ";
+        document_ += childValues_[index];
+      }
+      document_ += " ]";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool StyledWriter::isMultineArray(const Value& value) {
+  int size = value.size();
+  bool isMultiLine = size * 3 >= rightMargin_;
+  childValues_.clear();
+  for (int index = 0; index < size && !isMultiLine; ++index) {
+    const Value& childValue = value[index];
+    isMultiLine = ((childValue.isArray() || childValue.isObject()) &&
+                        childValue.size() > 0);
+  }
+  if (!isMultiLine) // check if line length > max line length
+  {
+    childValues_.reserve(size);
+    addChildValues_ = true;
+    int lineLength = 4 + (size - 1) * 2; // '[ ' + ', '*n + ' ]'
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (hasCommentForValue(value[index])) {
+        isMultiLine = true;
+      }
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+      lineLength += int(childValues_[index].length());
+    }
+    addChildValues_ = false;
+    isMultiLine = isMultiLine || lineLength >= rightMargin_;
+  }
+  return isMultiLine;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::pushValue(const std::string& value) {
+  if (addChildValues_)
+    childValues_.push_back(value);
+  else
+    document_ += value;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeIndent() {
+  if (!document_.empty()) {
+    char last = document_[document_.length() - 1];
+    if (last == ' ') // already indented
+      return;
+    if (last != '\n') // Comments may add new-line
+      document_ += '\n';
+  }
+  document_ += indentString_;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeWithIndent(const std::string& value) {
+  writeIndent();
+  document_ += value;
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::indent() { indentString_ += std::string(indentSize_, ' '); }
+
+void StyledWriter::unindent() {
+  assert(int(indentString_.size()) >= indentSize_);
+  indentString_.resize(indentString_.size() - indentSize_);
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root) {
+  if (!root.hasComment(commentBefore))
+    return;
+
+  document_ += "\n";
+  writeIndent();
+  const std::string& comment = root.getComment(commentBefore);
+  std::string::const_iterator iter = comment.begin();
+  while (iter != comment.end()) {
+    document_ += *iter;
+    if (*iter == '\n' &&
+       (iter != comment.end() && *(iter + 1) == '/'))
+      writeIndent();
+    ++iter;
+  }
+
+  // Comments are stripped of trailing newlines, so add one here
+  document_ += "\n";
+}
+
+void StyledWriter::writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root) {
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine))
+    document_ += " " + root.getComment(commentAfterOnSameLine);
+
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfter)) {
+    document_ += "\n";
+    document_ += root.getComment(commentAfter);
+    document_ += "\n";
+  }
+}
+
+bool StyledWriter::hasCommentForValue(const Value& value) {
+  return value.hasComment(commentBefore) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfter);
+}
+
+// Class StyledStreamWriter
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+StyledStreamWriter::StyledStreamWriter(std::string indentation)
+    : document_(NULL), rightMargin_(74), indentation_(indentation),
+      addChildValues_() {}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::write(std::ostream& out, const Value& root) {
+  document_ = &out;
+  addChildValues_ = false;
+  indentString_ = "";
+  indented_ = true;
+  writeCommentBeforeValue(root);
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  indented_ = true;
+  writeValue(root);
+  writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(root);
+  *document_ << "\n";
+  document_ = NULL; // Forget the stream, for safety.
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeValue(const Value& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    pushValue("null");
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestInt()));
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestUInt()));
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asDouble()));
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) pushValue(valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str)));
+    else pushValue("");
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asBool()));
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+    writeArrayValue(value);
+    break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    if (members.empty())
+      pushValue("{}");
+    else {
+      writeWithIndent("{");
+      indent();
+      Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin();
+      for (;;) {
+        const std::string& name = *it;
+        const Value& childValue = value[name];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        writeWithIndent(valueToQuotedString(name.c_str()));
+        *document_ << " : ";
+        writeValue(childValue);
+        if (++it == members.end()) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *document_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("}");
+    }
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeArrayValue(const Value& value) {
+  unsigned size = value.size();
+  if (size == 0)
+    pushValue("[]");
+  else {
+    bool isArrayMultiLine = isMultineArray(value);
+    if (isArrayMultiLine) {
+      writeWithIndent("[");
+      indent();
+      bool hasChildValue = !childValues_.empty();
+      unsigned index = 0;
+      for (;;) {
+        const Value& childValue = value[index];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        if (hasChildValue)
+          writeWithIndent(childValues_[index]);
+        else {
+          if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+          indented_ = true;
+          writeValue(childValue);
+          indented_ = false;
+        }
+        if (++index == size) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *document_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("]");
+    } else // output on a single line
+    {
+      assert(childValues_.size() == size);
+      *document_ << "[ ";
+      for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+        if (index > 0)
+          *document_ << ", ";
+        *document_ << childValues_[index];
+      }
+      *document_ << " ]";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool StyledStreamWriter::isMultineArray(const Value& value) {
+  int size = value.size();
+  bool isMultiLine = size * 3 >= rightMargin_;
+  childValues_.clear();
+  for (int index = 0; index < size && !isMultiLine; ++index) {
+    const Value& childValue = value[index];
+    isMultiLine = ((childValue.isArray() || childValue.isObject()) &&
+                        childValue.size() > 0);
+  }
+  if (!isMultiLine) // check if line length > max line length
+  {
+    childValues_.reserve(size);
+    addChildValues_ = true;
+    int lineLength = 4 + (size - 1) * 2; // '[ ' + ', '*n + ' ]'
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (hasCommentForValue(value[index])) {
+        isMultiLine = true;
+      }
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+      lineLength += int(childValues_[index].length());
+    }
+    addChildValues_ = false;
+    isMultiLine = isMultiLine || lineLength >= rightMargin_;
+  }
+  return isMultiLine;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::pushValue(const std::string& value) {
+  if (addChildValues_)
+    childValues_.push_back(value);
+  else
+    *document_ << value;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeIndent() {
+  // blep intended this to look at the so-far-written string
+  // to determine whether we are already indented, but
+  // with a stream we cannot do that. So we rely on some saved state.
+  // The caller checks indented_.
+  *document_ << '\n' << indentString_;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeWithIndent(const std::string& value) {
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  *document_ << value;
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::indent() { indentString_ += indentation_; }
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::unindent() {
+  assert(indentString_.size() >= indentation_.size());
+  indentString_.resize(indentString_.size() - indentation_.size());
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeCommentBeforeValue(const Value& root) {
+  if (!root.hasComment(commentBefore))
+    return;
+
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  const std::string& comment = root.getComment(commentBefore);
+  std::string::const_iterator iter = comment.begin();
+  while (iter != comment.end()) {
+    *document_ << *iter;
+    if (*iter == '\n' &&
+       (iter != comment.end() && *(iter + 1) == '/'))
+      // writeIndent();  // would include newline
+      *document_ << indentString_;
+    ++iter;
+  }
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void StyledStreamWriter::writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(const Value& root) {
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine))
+    *document_ << ' ' << root.getComment(commentAfterOnSameLine);
+
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfter)) {
+    writeIndent();
+    *document_ << root.getComment(commentAfter);
+  }
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+bool StyledStreamWriter::hasCommentForValue(const Value& value) {
+  return value.hasComment(commentBefore) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfter);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////
+// BuiltStyledStreamWriter
+
+/// Scoped enums are not available until C++11.
+struct CommentStyle {
+  /// Decide whether to write comments.
+  enum Enum {
+    None,  ///< Drop all comments.
+    Most,  ///< Recover odd behavior of previous versions (not implemented yet).
+    All  ///< Keep all comments.
+  };
+};
+
+struct BuiltStyledStreamWriter : public StreamWriter
+{
+  BuiltStyledStreamWriter(
+      std::string const& indentation,
+      CommentStyle::Enum cs,
+      std::string const& colonSymbol,
+      std::string const& nullSymbol,
+      std::string const& endingLineFeedSymbol,
+      bool useSpecialFloats,
+      unsigned int precision);
+  int write(Value const& root, std::ostream* sout);
+private:
+  void writeValue(Value const& value);
+  void writeArrayValue(Value const& value);
+  bool isMultineArray(Value const& value);
+  void pushValue(std::string const& value);
+  void writeIndent();
+  void writeWithIndent(std::string const& value);
+  void indent();
+  void unindent();
+  void writeCommentBeforeValue(Value const& root);
+  void writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(Value const& root);
+  static bool hasCommentForValue(const Value& value);
+
+  typedef std::vector<std::string> ChildValues;
+
+  ChildValues childValues_;
+  std::string indentString_;
+  int rightMargin_;
+  std::string indentation_;
+  CommentStyle::Enum cs_;
+  std::string colonSymbol_;
+  std::string nullSymbol_;
+  std::string endingLineFeedSymbol_;
+  bool addChildValues_ : 1;
+  bool indented_ : 1;
+  bool useSpecialFloats_ : 1;
+  unsigned int precision_;
+};
+BuiltStyledStreamWriter::BuiltStyledStreamWriter(
+      std::string const& indentation,
+      CommentStyle::Enum cs,
+      std::string const& colonSymbol,
+      std::string const& nullSymbol,
+      std::string const& endingLineFeedSymbol,
+      bool useSpecialFloats,
+      unsigned int precision)
+  : rightMargin_(74)
+  , indentation_(indentation)
+  , cs_(cs)
+  , colonSymbol_(colonSymbol)
+  , nullSymbol_(nullSymbol)
+  , endingLineFeedSymbol_(endingLineFeedSymbol)
+  , addChildValues_(false)
+  , indented_(false)
+  , useSpecialFloats_(useSpecialFloats)
+  , precision_(precision)
+{
+}
+int BuiltStyledStreamWriter::write(Value const& root, std::ostream* sout)
+{
+  sout_ = sout;
+  addChildValues_ = false;
+  indented_ = true;
+  indentString_ = "";
+  writeCommentBeforeValue(root);
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  indented_ = true;
+  writeValue(root);
+  writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(root);
+  *sout_ << endingLineFeedSymbol_;
+  sout_ = NULL;
+  return 0;
+}
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeValue(Value const& value) {
+  switch (value.type()) {
+  case nullValue:
+    pushValue(nullSymbol_);
+    break;
+  case intValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestInt()));
+    break;
+  case uintValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asLargestUInt()));
+    break;
+  case realValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asDouble(), useSpecialFloats_, precision_));
+    break;
+  case stringValue:
+  {
+    // Is NULL is possible for value.string_?
+    char const* str;
+    char const* end;
+    bool ok = value.getString(&str, &end);
+    if (ok) pushValue(valueToQuotedStringN(str, static_cast<unsigned>(end-str)));
+    else pushValue("");
+    break;
+  }
+  case booleanValue:
+    pushValue(valueToString(value.asBool()));
+    break;
+  case arrayValue:
+    writeArrayValue(value);
+    break;
+  case objectValue: {
+    Value::Members members(value.getMemberNames());
+    if (members.empty())
+      pushValue("{}");
+    else {
+      writeWithIndent("{");
+      indent();
+      Value::Members::iterator it = members.begin();
+      for (;;) {
+        std::string const& name = *it;
+        Value const& childValue = value[name];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        writeWithIndent(valueToQuotedStringN(name.data(), static_cast<unsigned>(name.length())));
+        *sout_ << colonSymbol_;
+        writeValue(childValue);
+        if (++it == members.end()) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *sout_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("}");
+    }
+  } break;
+  }
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeArrayValue(Value const& value) {
+  unsigned size = value.size();
+  if (size == 0)
+    pushValue("[]");
+  else {
+    bool isMultiLine = (cs_ == CommentStyle::All) || isMultineArray(value);
+    if (isMultiLine) {
+      writeWithIndent("[");
+      indent();
+      bool hasChildValue = !childValues_.empty();
+      unsigned index = 0;
+      for (;;) {
+        Value const& childValue = value[index];
+        writeCommentBeforeValue(childValue);
+        if (hasChildValue)
+          writeWithIndent(childValues_[index]);
+        else {
+          if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+          indented_ = true;
+          writeValue(childValue);
+          indented_ = false;
+        }
+        if (++index == size) {
+          writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+          break;
+        }
+        *sout_ << ",";
+        writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(childValue);
+      }
+      unindent();
+      writeWithIndent("]");
+    } else // output on a single line
+    {
+      assert(childValues_.size() == size);
+      *sout_ << "[";
+      if (!indentation_.empty()) *sout_ << " ";
+      for (unsigned index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+        if (index > 0)
+          *sout_ << ", ";
+        *sout_ << childValues_[index];
+      }
+      if (!indentation_.empty()) *sout_ << " ";
+      *sout_ << "]";
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+bool BuiltStyledStreamWriter::isMultineArray(Value const& value) {
+  int size = value.size();
+  bool isMultiLine = size * 3 >= rightMargin_;
+  childValues_.clear();
+  for (int index = 0; index < size && !isMultiLine; ++index) {
+    Value const& childValue = value[index];
+    isMultiLine = ((childValue.isArray() || childValue.isObject()) &&
+                        childValue.size() > 0);
+  }
+  if (!isMultiLine) // check if line length > max line length
+  {
+    childValues_.reserve(size);
+    addChildValues_ = true;
+    int lineLength = 4 + (size - 1) * 2; // '[ ' + ', '*n + ' ]'
+    for (int index = 0; index < size; ++index) {
+      if (hasCommentForValue(value[index])) {
+        isMultiLine = true;
+      }
+      writeValue(value[index]);
+      lineLength += int(childValues_[index].length());
+    }
+    addChildValues_ = false;
+    isMultiLine = isMultiLine || lineLength >= rightMargin_;
+  }
+  return isMultiLine;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::pushValue(std::string const& value) {
+  if (addChildValues_)
+    childValues_.push_back(value);
+  else
+    *sout_ << value;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeIndent() {
+  // blep intended this to look at the so-far-written string
+  // to determine whether we are already indented, but
+  // with a stream we cannot do that. So we rely on some saved state.
+  // The caller checks indented_.
+
+  if (!indentation_.empty()) {
+    // In this case, drop newlines too.
+    *sout_ << '\n' << indentString_;
+  }
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeWithIndent(std::string const& value) {
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  *sout_ << value;
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::indent() { indentString_ += indentation_; }
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::unindent() {
+  assert(indentString_.size() >= indentation_.size());
+  indentString_.resize(indentString_.size() - indentation_.size());
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeCommentBeforeValue(Value const& root) {
+  if (cs_ == CommentStyle::None) return;
+  if (!root.hasComment(commentBefore))
+    return;
+
+  if (!indented_) writeIndent();
+  const std::string& comment = root.getComment(commentBefore);
+  std::string::const_iterator iter = comment.begin();
+  while (iter != comment.end()) {
+    *sout_ << *iter;
+    if (*iter == '\n' &&
+       (iter != comment.end() && *(iter + 1) == '/'))
+      // writeIndent();  // would write extra newline
+      *sout_ << indentString_;
+    ++iter;
+  }
+  indented_ = false;
+}
+
+void BuiltStyledStreamWriter::writeCommentAfterValueOnSameLine(Value const& root) {
+  if (cs_ == CommentStyle::None) return;
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine))
+    *sout_ << " " + root.getComment(commentAfterOnSameLine);
+
+  if (root.hasComment(commentAfter)) {
+    writeIndent();
+    *sout_ << root.getComment(commentAfter);
+  }
+}
+
+// static
+bool BuiltStyledStreamWriter::hasCommentForValue(const Value& value) {
+  return value.hasComment(commentBefore) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfterOnSameLine) ||
+         value.hasComment(commentAfter);
+}
+
+///////////////
+// StreamWriter
+
+StreamWriter::StreamWriter()
+    : sout_(NULL)
+{
+}
+StreamWriter::~StreamWriter()
+{
+}
+StreamWriter::Factory::~Factory()
+{}
+StreamWriterBuilder::StreamWriterBuilder()
+{
+  setDefaults(&settings_);
+}
+StreamWriterBuilder::~StreamWriterBuilder()
+{}
+StreamWriter* StreamWriterBuilder::newStreamWriter() const
+{
+  std::string indentation = settings_["indentation"].asString();
+  std::string cs_str = settings_["commentStyle"].asString();
+  bool eyc = settings_["enableYAMLCompatibility"].asBool();
+  bool dnp = settings_["dropNullPlaceholders"].asBool();
+  bool usf = settings_["useSpecialFloats"].asBool(); 
+  unsigned int pre = settings_["precision"].asUInt();
+  CommentStyle::Enum cs = CommentStyle::All;
+  if (cs_str == "All") {
+    cs = CommentStyle::All;
+  } else if (cs_str == "None") {
+    cs = CommentStyle::None;
+  } else {
+    throwRuntimeError("commentStyle must be 'All' or 'None'");
+  }
+  std::string colonSymbol = " : ";
+  if (eyc) {
+    colonSymbol = ": ";
+  } else if (indentation.empty()) {
+    colonSymbol = ":";
+  }
+  std::string nullSymbol = "null";
+  if (dnp) {
+    nullSymbol = "";
+  }
+  if (pre > 17) pre = 17;
+  std::string endingLineFeedSymbol = "";
+  return new BuiltStyledStreamWriter(
+      indentation, cs,
+      colonSymbol, nullSymbol, endingLineFeedSymbol, usf, pre);
+}
+static void getValidWriterKeys(std::set<std::string>* valid_keys)
+{
+  valid_keys->clear();
+  valid_keys->insert("indentation");
+  valid_keys->insert("commentStyle");
+  valid_keys->insert("enableYAMLCompatibility");
+  valid_keys->insert("dropNullPlaceholders");
+  valid_keys->insert("useSpecialFloats");
+  valid_keys->insert("precision");
+}
+bool StreamWriterBuilder::validate(Json::Value* invalid) const
+{
+  Json::Value my_invalid;
+  if (!invalid) invalid = &my_invalid;  // so we do not need to test for NULL
+  Json::Value& inv = *invalid;
+  std::set<std::string> valid_keys;
+  getValidWriterKeys(&valid_keys);
+  Value::Members keys = settings_.getMemberNames();
+  size_t n = keys.size();
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+    std::string const& key = keys[i];
+    if (valid_keys.find(key) == valid_keys.end()) {
+      inv[key] = settings_[key];
+    }
+  }
+  return 0u == inv.size();
+}
+Value& StreamWriterBuilder::operator[](std::string key)
+{
+  return settings_[key];
+}
+// static
+void StreamWriterBuilder::setDefaults(Json::Value* settings)
+{
+  //! [StreamWriterBuilderDefaults]
+  (*settings)["commentStyle"] = "All";
+  (*settings)["indentation"] = "\t";
+  (*settings)["enableYAMLCompatibility"] = false;
+  (*settings)["dropNullPlaceholders"] = false;
+  (*settings)["useSpecialFloats"] = false;
+  (*settings)["precision"] = 17;
+  //! [StreamWriterBuilderDefaults]
+}
+
+std::string writeString(StreamWriter::Factory const& builder, Value const& root) {
+  std::ostringstream sout;
+  StreamWriterPtr const writer(builder.newStreamWriter());
+  writer->write(root, &sout);
+  return sout.str();
+}
+
+std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& sout, Value const& root) {
+  StreamWriterBuilder builder;
+  StreamWriterPtr const writer(builder.newStreamWriter());
+  writer->write(root, &sout);
+  return sout;
+}
+
+} // namespace Json
+
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// End of content of file: src/lib_json/json_writer.cpp
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/openvr.pc.in b/external/openvr/src/openvr.pc.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3edba91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/openvr.pc.in
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+prefix=@CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX@
+exec_prefix=${prefix}
+libdir=${prefix}/lib
+includedir=${prefix}/include/openvr
+
+Name: openvr
+Description: OpenVR is an API and runtime that allos access to VR hardware.
+Version: @OPENVR_VERSION@
+
+Libs: -L${libdir} -lopenvr_api -ldl
+Cflags: -I${includedir}
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/openvr_api_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/openvr_api_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c337f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/openvr_api_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,353 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#define VR_API_EXPORT 1
+#include "openvr.h"
+#include "ivrclientcore.h"
+#include "pathtools_public.h"
+#include "sharedlibtools_public.h"
+#include "envvartools_public.h"
+#include "hmderrors_public.h"
+#include "strtools_public.h"
+#include "vrpathregistry_public.h"
+#include <mutex>
+
+using vr::EVRInitError;
+using vr::IVRSystem;
+using vr::IVRClientCore;
+using vr::VRInitError_None;
+
+// figure out how to import from the VR API dll
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+
+#if !defined(OPENVR_BUILD_STATIC)
+#define VR_EXPORT_INTERFACE extern "C" __declspec( dllexport )
+#else
+#define VR_EXPORT_INTERFACE extern "C"
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(COMPILER_GCC) || defined(__APPLE__)
+
+#define VR_EXPORT_INTERFACE extern "C" __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+
+#else
+#error "Unsupported Platform."
+#endif
+
+namespace vr
+{
+
+static void *g_pVRModule = NULL;
+static IVRClientCore *g_pHmdSystem = NULL;
+static std::recursive_mutex g_mutexSystem;
+
+
+typedef void* (*VRClientCoreFactoryFn)(const char *pInterfaceName, int *pReturnCode);
+
+static uint32_t g_nVRToken = 0;
+
+uint32_t VR_GetInitToken()
+{
+	return g_nVRToken;
+}
+
+EVRInitError VR_LoadHmdSystemInternal();
+void CleanupInternalInterfaces();
+
+
+uint32_t VR_InitInternal2( EVRInitError *peError, vr::EVRApplicationType eApplicationType, const char *pStartupInfo )
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+	EVRInitError err = VR_LoadHmdSystemInternal();
+	if ( err == vr::VRInitError_None )
+	{
+		err = g_pHmdSystem->Init( eApplicationType, pStartupInfo );
+	}
+
+	if ( peError )
+		*peError = err;
+
+	if ( err != VRInitError_None )
+	{
+		SharedLib_Unload( g_pVRModule );
+		g_pHmdSystem = NULL;
+		g_pVRModule = NULL;
+
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	return ++g_nVRToken;
+}
+
+VR_INTERFACE uint32_t VR_CALLTYPE VR_InitInternal( EVRInitError *peError, EVRApplicationType eApplicationType );
+
+uint32_t VR_InitInternal( EVRInitError *peError, vr::EVRApplicationType eApplicationType )
+{
+	return VR_InitInternal2( peError, eApplicationType, nullptr );
+}
+
+void VR_ShutdownInternal()
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+#if !defined( VR_API_PUBLIC )
+	CleanupInternalInterfaces();
+#endif
+
+	if ( g_pHmdSystem )
+	{
+		g_pHmdSystem->Cleanup();
+		g_pHmdSystem = NULL;
+	}
+
+	if ( g_pVRModule )
+	{
+		SharedLib_Unload( g_pVRModule );
+		g_pVRModule = NULL;
+	}
+
+	++g_nVRToken;
+}
+
+EVRInitError VR_LoadHmdSystemInternal()
+{
+	std::string sRuntimePath, sConfigPath, sLogPath;
+
+	bool bReadPathRegistry = CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetPaths( &sRuntimePath, &sConfigPath, &sLogPath, NULL, NULL );
+	if( !bReadPathRegistry )
+	{
+		return vr::VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotFound;
+	}
+
+	// figure out where we're going to look for vrclient.dll
+	// see if the specified path actually exists.
+	if( !Path_IsDirectory( sRuntimePath ) )
+	{
+		return vr::VRInitError_Init_InstallationNotFound;
+	}
+
+	// Because we don't have a way to select debug vs. release yet we'll just
+	// use debug if it's there
+#if defined( LINUX64 ) || defined( LINUXARM64 )
+	std::string sTestPath = Path_Join( sRuntimePath, "bin", PLATSUBDIR );
+#else
+	std::string sTestPath = Path_Join( sRuntimePath, "bin" );
+#endif
+	if( !Path_IsDirectory( sTestPath ) )
+	{
+		return vr::VRInitError_Init_InstallationCorrupt;
+	}
+
+#if defined( WIN64 )
+	std::string sDLLPath = Path_Join( sTestPath, "vrclient_x64" DYNAMIC_LIB_EXT );
+#else
+	std::string sDLLPath = Path_Join( sTestPath, "vrclient" DYNAMIC_LIB_EXT );
+#endif
+
+	// only look in the override
+	void *pMod = SharedLib_Load( sDLLPath.c_str() );
+	// nothing more to do if we can't load the DLL
+	if( !pMod )
+	{
+		return vr::VRInitError_Init_VRClientDLLNotFound;
+	}
+
+	VRClientCoreFactoryFn fnFactory = ( VRClientCoreFactoryFn )( SharedLib_GetFunction( pMod, "VRClientCoreFactory" ) );
+	if( !fnFactory )
+	{
+		SharedLib_Unload( pMod );
+		return vr::VRInitError_Init_FactoryNotFound;
+	}
+
+	int nReturnCode = 0;
+	g_pHmdSystem = static_cast< IVRClientCore * > ( fnFactory( vr::IVRClientCore_Version, &nReturnCode ) );
+	if( !g_pHmdSystem )
+	{
+		SharedLib_Unload( pMod );
+		return vr::VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound;
+	}
+
+	g_pVRModule = pMod;
+	return VRInitError_None;
+}
+
+
+void *VR_GetGenericInterface(const char *pchInterfaceVersion, EVRInitError *peError)
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+	if (!g_pHmdSystem)
+	{
+		if (peError)
+			*peError = vr::VRInitError_Init_NotInitialized;
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	return g_pHmdSystem->GetGenericInterface(pchInterfaceVersion, peError);
+}
+
+bool VR_IsInterfaceVersionValid(const char *pchInterfaceVersion)
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+	if (!g_pHmdSystem)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return g_pHmdSystem->IsInterfaceVersionValid(pchInterfaceVersion) == VRInitError_None;
+}
+
+bool VR_IsHmdPresent()
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+	if( g_pHmdSystem )
+	{
+		// if we're already initialized, just call through
+		return g_pHmdSystem->BIsHmdPresent();
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// otherwise we need to do a bit more work
+		EVRInitError err = VR_LoadHmdSystemInternal();
+		if( err != VRInitError_None )
+			return false;
+
+		bool bHasHmd = g_pHmdSystem->BIsHmdPresent();
+
+		g_pHmdSystem = NULL;
+		SharedLib_Unload( g_pVRModule );
+		g_pVRModule = NULL;
+
+		return bHasHmd;
+	}
+}
+
+/** Returns true if the OpenVR runtime is installed. */
+bool VR_IsRuntimeInstalled()
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+	if( g_pHmdSystem )
+	{
+		// if we're already initialized, OpenVR is obviously installed
+		return true;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		// otherwise we need to do a bit more work
+		std::string sRuntimePath, sConfigPath, sLogPath;
+
+		bool bReadPathRegistry = CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetPaths( &sRuntimePath, &sConfigPath, &sLogPath, NULL, NULL );
+		if( !bReadPathRegistry )
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// figure out where we're going to look for vrclient.dll
+		// see if the specified path actually exists.
+		if( !Path_IsDirectory( sRuntimePath ) )
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// the installation may be corrupt in some way, but it certainly looks installed
+		return true;
+	}
+}
+
+
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: This is the old Runtime Path interface that is no longer exported in the
+//			latest header. We still want to export it from the DLL, though, so updating
+//			to a new DLL doesn't break old compiled code. This version was not thread 
+//			safe and could change the buffer pointer to by a previous result on a 
+//			subsequent call
+// -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+VR_EXPORT_INTERFACE const char *VR_CALLTYPE VR_RuntimePath();
+
+/** Returns where OpenVR runtime is installed. */
+const char *VR_RuntimePath()
+{
+	static char rchBuffer[1024];
+	uint32_t unRequiredSize;
+	if ( VR_GetRuntimePath( rchBuffer, sizeof( rchBuffer ), &unRequiredSize ) && unRequiredSize < sizeof( rchBuffer ) )
+	{
+		return rchBuffer;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+}
+
+
+/** Returns where OpenVR runtime is installed. */
+bool VR_GetRuntimePath( char *pchPathBuffer, uint32_t unBufferSize, uint32_t *punRequiredBufferSize )
+{
+	// otherwise we need to do a bit more work
+	std::string sRuntimePath;
+
+	*punRequiredBufferSize = 0;
+
+	bool bReadPathRegistry = CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetPaths( &sRuntimePath, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr );
+	if ( !bReadPathRegistry )
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// figure out where we're going to look for vrclient.dll
+	// see if the specified path actually exists.
+	if ( !Path_IsDirectory( sRuntimePath ) )
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	*punRequiredBufferSize = (uint32_t)sRuntimePath.size() + 1;
+	if ( sRuntimePath.size() >= unBufferSize )
+	{
+		*pchPathBuffer = '\0';
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		strcpy_safe( pchPathBuffer, unBufferSize, sRuntimePath.c_str() );
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+/** Returns the symbol version of an HMD error. */
+const char *VR_GetVRInitErrorAsSymbol( EVRInitError error )
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+	if( g_pHmdSystem )
+		return g_pHmdSystem->GetIDForVRInitError( error );
+	else
+		return GetIDForVRInitError( error );
+}
+
+
+/** Returns the english string version of an HMD error. */
+const char *VR_GetVRInitErrorAsEnglishDescription( EVRInitError error )
+{
+	std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock( g_mutexSystem );
+
+	if ( g_pHmdSystem )
+		return g_pHmdSystem->GetEnglishStringForHmdError( error );
+	else
+		return GetEnglishStringForHmdError( error );
+}
+
+
+VR_INTERFACE const char *VR_CALLTYPE VR_GetStringForHmdError( vr::EVRInitError error );
+
+/** Returns the english string version of an HMD error. */
+const char *VR_GetStringForHmdError( EVRInitError error )
+{
+	return VR_GetVRInitErrorAsEnglishDescription( error );
+}
+
+}
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/dirtools_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/dirtools_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5cfc02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/dirtools_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#include "dirtools_public.h"
+#include "strtools_public.h"
+#include "pathtools_public.h"
+
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#include "windows.h"
+#else
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined( OSX )
+#include <sys/syslimits.h>
+#endif
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: utility function to create dirs & subdirs
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool BCreateDirectoryRecursive( const char *pchPath )
+{
+	// Does it already exist?
+	if ( Path_IsDirectory( pchPath ) )
+		return true;
+
+	// copy the path into something we can munge
+	int len = (int)strlen( pchPath );
+	char *path = (char *)malloc( len + 1 );
+	strcpy( path, pchPath );
+
+	// Walk backwards to first non-existing dir that we find
+	char *s = path + len - 1;
+
+	const char slash = Path_GetSlash();
+	while ( s > path )
+	{
+		if ( *s == slash )
+		{
+			*s = '\0';
+			bool bExists = Path_IsDirectory( path );
+			*s = slash;
+
+			if ( bExists )
+			{
+				++s;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+		--s;
+	}
+
+	// and then move forwards from there
+
+	while ( *s )
+	{
+		if ( *s == slash )
+		{
+			*s = '\0';
+			BCreateDirectory( path );
+			*s = slash;
+		}
+		s++;
+	}
+
+	bool bRetVal = BCreateDirectory( path );
+	free( path );
+	return bRetVal;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Creates the directory, returning true if it is created, or if it already existed
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool BCreateDirectory( const char *pchPath )
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+	std::wstring wPath = UTF8to16( pchPath );
+	if ( ::CreateDirectoryW( wPath.c_str(), NULL ) )
+		return true;
+
+	if ( ::GetLastError() == ERROR_ALREADY_EXISTS )
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+#else
+	int i = mkdir( pchPath, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO );
+	if ( i == 0 )
+		return true;
+	if ( errno == EEXIST )
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+#endif
+}
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/dirtools_public.h b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/dirtools_public.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b048b41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/dirtools_public.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+
+
+#if !defined(_WIN32)
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif
+
+
+extern bool BCreateDirectoryRecursive( const char *pchPath );
+extern bool BCreateDirectory( const char *pchPath );
+
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/envvartools_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/envvartools_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fb4817
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/envvartools_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#include "envvartools_public.h"
+#include "strtools_public.h"
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <cctype>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#undef GetEnvironmentVariable
+#undef SetEnvironmentVariable
+#endif
+
+
+std::string GetEnvironmentVariable( const char *pchVarName )
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+	char rchValue[32767]; // max size for an env var on Windows
+	DWORD cChars = GetEnvironmentVariableA( pchVarName, rchValue, sizeof( rchValue ) );
+	if( cChars == 0 )
+		return "";
+	else
+		return rchValue;
+#elif defined(POSIX)
+	char *pchValue = getenv( pchVarName );
+	if( pchValue )
+		return pchValue;
+	else
+		return "";
+#else
+#error "Unsupported Platform"
+#endif
+}
+
+bool GetEnvironmentVariableAsBool( const char *pchVarName, bool bDefault )
+{
+	std::string sValue = GetEnvironmentVariable( pchVarName );
+
+	if ( sValue.empty() )
+	{
+		return bDefault;
+	}
+
+	sValue = StringToLower( sValue );
+	std::string sYesValues[] = { "y", "yes", "true" };
+	std::string sNoValues[] = { "n", "no", "false" };
+
+	for ( std::string &sMatch : sYesValues )
+	{
+		if ( sMatch == sValue )
+		{
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+
+	for ( std::string &sMatch : sNoValues )
+	{
+		if ( sMatch == sValue )
+		{
+			return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( std::isdigit( sValue.at(0) ) )
+	{
+		return atoi( sValue.c_str() ) != 0;
+	}
+
+	fprintf( stderr,
+			 "GetEnvironmentVariableAsBool(%s): Unable to parse value '%s', using default %d\n",
+			 pchVarName, sValue.c_str(), bDefault );
+	return bDefault;
+}
+
+bool SetEnvironmentVariable( const char *pchVarName, const char *pchVarValue )
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+	return 0 != SetEnvironmentVariableA( pchVarName, pchVarValue );
+#elif defined(POSIX)
+	if( pchVarValue == NULL )
+		return 0 == unsetenv( pchVarName );
+	else
+		return 0 == setenv( pchVarName, pchVarValue, 1 );
+#else
+#error "Unsupported Platform"
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/envvartools_public.h b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/envvartools_public.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7cd4c20
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/envvartools_public.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+std::string GetEnvironmentVariable( const char *pchVarName );
+bool GetEnvironmentVariableAsBool( const char *pchVarName, bool bDefault );
+bool SetEnvironmentVariable( const char *pchVarName, const char *pchVarValue );
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/hmderrors_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/hmderrors_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f44d3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/hmderrors_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,338 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#include "openvr.h"
+#include "hmderrors_public.h"
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+
+using namespace vr;
+
+#define RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING(enumValue) case enumValue: return #enumValue;
+
+
+const char *GetEnglishStringForHmdError( vr::EVRInitError eError )
+{
+	switch( eError )
+	{
+	case VRInitError_None:								return "No Error (0)";
+
+	case VRInitError_Init_InstallationNotFound:			return "Installation Not Found (100)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_InstallationCorrupt:			return "Installation Corrupt (101)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_VRClientDLLNotFound:			return "vrclient Shared Lib Not Found (102)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_FileNotFound:					return "File Not Found (103)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_FactoryNotFound:				return "Factory Function Not Found (104)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound:			return "Interface Not Found (105)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_InvalidInterface:				return "Invalid Interface (106)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_UserConfigDirectoryInvalid:	return "User Config Directory Invalid (107)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFound:					return "Hmd Not Found (108)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_NotInitialized:				return "Not Initialized (109)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotFound:			return "Installation path could not be located (110)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_NoConfigPath:					return "Config path could not be located (111)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_NoLogPath:					return "Log path could not be located (112)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotWritable:		return "Unable to write path registry (113)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_AppInfoInitFailed:			return "App info manager init failed (114)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_Retry:						return "Internal Retry (115)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_InitCanceledByUser:			return "User Canceled Init (116)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_AnotherAppLaunching:			return "Another app was already launching (117)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_SettingsInitFailed:			return "Settings manager init failed (118)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_ShuttingDown:					return "VR system shutting down (119)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_TooManyObjects:				return "Too many tracked objects (120)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_NoServerForBackgroundApp:		return "Not starting vrserver for background app (121)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_NotSupportedWithCompositor:	return "The requested interface is incompatible with the compositor and the compositor is running (122)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToUtilityApps:	return "This interface is not available to utility applications (123)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_Internal:						return "vrserver internal error (124)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_HmdDriverIdIsNone:			return "Hmd DriverId is invalid (125)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFoundPresenceFailed:	return "Hmd Not Found Presence Failed (126)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorNotFound:			return "VR Monitor Not Found (127)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorStartupFailed:		return "VR Monitor startup failed (128)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_LowPowerWatchdogNotSupported: return "Low Power Watchdog Not Supported (129)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_InvalidApplicationType:		return "Invalid Application Type (130)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToWatchdogApps:	return "Not available to watchdog apps (131)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_WatchdogDisabledInSettings:	return "Watchdog disabled in settings (132)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardNotFound:			return "VR Dashboard Not Found (133)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardStartupFailed:		return "VR Dashboard startup failed (134)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_VRHomeNotFound:				return "VR Home Not Found (135)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_VRHomeStartupFailed:			return "VR home startup failed (136)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_RebootingBusy:				return "Rebooting In Progress (137)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_FirmwareUpdateBusy:			return "Firmware Update In Progress (138)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_FirmwareRecoveryBusy:			return "Firmware Recovery In Progress (139)";
+	case VRInitError_Init_USBServiceBusy:				return "USB Service Busy (140)";
+
+	case VRInitError_Driver_Failed:							return "Driver Failed (200)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_Unknown:						return "Driver Not Known (201)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_HmdUnknown:						return "HMD Not Known (202)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_NotLoaded:						return "Driver Not Loaded (203)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_RuntimeOutOfDate:				return "Driver runtime is out of date (204)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_HmdInUse:						return "HMD already in use by another application (205)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_NotCalibrated:					return "Device is not calibrated (206)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_CalibrationInvalid:				return "Device Calibration is invalid (207)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFound:				return "HMD detected over USB, but Monitor not found (208)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_TrackedDeviceInterfaceUnknown:	return "Driver Tracked Device Interface unknown (209)";
+	// case VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundAfterFix:	return "HMD detected over USB, but Monitor not found after attempt to fix (210)"; // taken out upon Ben's request: He thinks that there is no need to separate that error from 208
+	case VRInitError_Driver_HmdDriverIdOutOfBounds:			return "Hmd DriverId is our of bounds (211)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayMirrored:				return "HMD detected over USB, but Monitor may be mirrored instead of extended (212)";
+	case VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundLaptop:		return "On laptop, HMD detected over USB, but Monitor not found (213)";
+
+	case VRInitError_IPC_ServerInitFailed:						return "VR Server Init Failed (300)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailed:							return "Connect to VR Server Failed (301)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_SharedStateInitFailed:					return "Shared IPC State Init Failed (302)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInitFailed:					return "Shared IPC Compositor Init Failed (303)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_MutexInitFailed:						return "Shared IPC Mutex Init Failed (304)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_Failed:								return "Shared IPC Failed (305)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_CompositorConnectFailed:				return "Shared IPC Compositor Connect Failed (306)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInvalidConnectResponse:		return "Shared IPC Compositor Invalid Connect Response (307)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterMultipleAttempts:	return "Shared IPC Connect Failed After Multiple Attempts (308)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterTargetExited:		return "Shared IPC Connect Failed After Target Exited (309)";
+	case VRInitError_IPC_NamespaceUnavailable:					return "Shared IPC Namespace Unavailable (310)";
+
+	case VRInitError_Compositor_Failed:					return "Compositor failed to initialize (400)";
+	case VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11HardwareRequired:	return "Compositor failed to find DX11 hardware (401)";
+	case VRInitError_Compositor_FirmwareRequiresUpdate:	return "Compositor requires mandatory firmware update (402)";
+	case VRInitError_Compositor_OverlayInitFailed:		return "Compositor initialization succeeded, but overlay init failed (403)";
+	case VRInitError_Compositor_ScreenshotsInitFailed:	return "Compositor initialization succeeded, but screenshot init failed (404)";
+	case VRInitError_Compositor_UnableToCreateDevice:	return "Compositor unable to create graphics device (405)";
+
+	// Oculus
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_UnableToConnectToOculusRuntime:	return "Unable to connect to Oculus Runtime (1000)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_OculusRuntimeBadInstall:		return "Unable to connect to Oculus Runtime, possible bad install (1114)";
+
+	// Lighthouse
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantOpenDevice:				return "HMD found, but can not open device (1101)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToRequestConfigStart:	return "HMD found, but unable to request config (1102)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_NoStoredConfig:				return "HMD found, but no stored config (1103)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigFailedSanityCheck:       return "HMD found, but failed configuration check (1113)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooBig:					return "HMD found, but config too big (1104)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooSmall:				return "HMD found, but config too small (1105)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToInitZLib:				return "HMD found, but unable to init ZLib (1106)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantReadFirmwareVersion:		return "HMD found, but problems with the data (1107)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToSendUserDataStart:		return "HMD found, but problems with the data (1108)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataStart:		return "HMD found, but problems with the data (1109)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataNext:		return "HMD found, but problems with the data (1110)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataAddressRange:			return "HMD found, but problems with the data (1111)";
+	case VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataError:					return "HMD found, but problems with the data (1112)";
+
+	case VRInitError_Steam_SteamInstallationNotFound: return "Unable to find Steam installation (2000)";
+
+	default:
+		return GetIDForVRInitError( eError );
+	}
+
+}
+
+
+const char *GetIDForVRInitError( vr::EVRInitError eError )
+{
+	switch( eError )
+	{
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_None );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Unknown );
+
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_InstallationNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_InstallationCorrupt );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRClientDLLNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_FileNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_FactoryNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_InterfaceNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_InvalidInterface );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_UserConfigDirectoryInvalid );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_NotInitialized );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_NoConfigPath );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_NoLogPath );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_PathRegistryNotWritable );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_AppInfoInitFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_Retry );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_InitCanceledByUser );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_AnotherAppLaunching );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_SettingsInitFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_ShuttingDown );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_TooManyObjects );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_NoServerForBackgroundApp );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_NotSupportedWithCompositor );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToUtilityApps );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_Internal );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_HmdDriverIdIsNone );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_HmdNotFoundPresenceFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRMonitorStartupFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_LowPowerWatchdogNotSupported );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_InvalidApplicationType );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_NotAvailableToWatchdogApps );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_WatchdogDisabledInSettings );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRDashboardStartupFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRHomeNotFound );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRHomeStartupFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_RebootingBusy );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_FirmwareUpdateBusy );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_FirmwareRecoveryBusy );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_USBServiceBusy );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRWebHelperStartupFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_TrackerManagerInitFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_AlreadyRunning );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_FailedForVrMonitor);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_PropertyManagerInitFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_WebServerFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_IllegalTypeTransition );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_MismatchedRuntimes );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_InvalidProcessId );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_VRServiceStartupFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_PrismNeedsNewDrivers );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_PrismStartupTimedOut );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_CouldNotStartPrism );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_CreateDriverDirectDeviceFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Init_PrismExitedUnexpectedly );
+
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_Failed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_Unknown );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_HmdUnknown);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_NotLoaded);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_RuntimeOutOfDate);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_HmdInUse);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_NotCalibrated);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_CalibrationInvalid);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFound);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_TrackedDeviceInterfaceUnknown );
+		// RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundAfterFix );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_HmdDriverIdOutOfBounds );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayMirrored );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Driver_HmdDisplayNotFoundLaptop );
+
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_ServerInitFailed);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailed);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_SharedStateInitFailed);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInitFailed);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_MutexInitFailed);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_Failed);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_CompositorConnectFailed);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_CompositorInvalidConnectResponse);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterMultipleAttempts );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_ConnectFailedAfterTargetExited );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_IPC_NamespaceUnavailable );
+
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_Failed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11HardwareRequired );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FirmwareRequiresUpdate );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_OverlayInitFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_ScreenshotsInitFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_UnableToCreateDevice );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_SharedStateIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_NotificationManagerIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_ResourceManagerClientIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_MessageOverlaySharedStateInitFailure );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_PropertiesInterfaceIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFullscreenWindowFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_SettingsInterfaceIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToShowWindow );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_DistortInterfaceIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayFrequencyFailure );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_RendererInitializationFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryInterfaceIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryCreateFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_DXGIFactoryQueryFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidAdapterDesktop );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdAttachment );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidOutputDesktop );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidDeviceProvided );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_D3D11RendererInitializationFailed );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToFindDisplayMode );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateSwapChain );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetBackBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateRenderTarget );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2SwapChain );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedtoGetDXGI2BackBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDXGI2RenderTarget );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToGetDXGIDeviceInterface );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_SelectDisplayMode );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateNvAPIRenderTargets );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_NvAPISetDisplayMode );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateDirectModeDisplay );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_InvalidHmdPropertyContainer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_UpdateDisplayFrequency );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateRasterizerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateWireframeRasterizerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSamplerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateClampToBorderSamplerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAnisoSamplerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlaySamplerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanoramaSamplerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFontSamplerState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateNoBlendState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateAlphaBlendState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskR );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskG );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateBlendStateMaskB );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilState );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoWrite );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDepthStencilStateNoDepth );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFlushTexture );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDistortionSurfaces );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateHmdPoseStagingConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSharedFrameInfoConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateReadableSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerGraphicsTextureIndexConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeTextureIndexConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLayerComputeSceneTextureIndexConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeHmdPoseConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateGeomConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePanelMaskConstantBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreatePixelSimUBO );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMSAARenderTextures );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateResolveRenderTextures );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateComputeResolveRenderTextures );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateDriverDirectModeResolveTextures );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_OpenDriverDirectModeResolveTextures );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateFallbackSyncTexture );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_ShareFallbackSyncTexture );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayIndexBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayVertexBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextVertexBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateTextIndexBuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorTextures );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateLastFrameRenderTexture );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateMirrorOverlay );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateVirtualDisplayBackbuffer );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_DisplayModeNotSupported );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayInvalidCall );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_CreateOverlayAlreadyInitialized );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_FailedToCreateMailbox );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_WindowInterfaceIsNull );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateInstance );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Compositor_SystemLayerCreateSession );
+
+		// Vendor-specific errors
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_UnableToConnectToOculusRuntime);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_WindowsNotInDevMode );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_OculusRuntimeBadInstall );
+
+		// Lighthouse
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantOpenDevice);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToRequestConfigStart);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_NoStoredConfig);
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigFailedSanityCheck );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooBig );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_ConfigTooSmall );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToInitZLib );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_CantReadFirmwareVersion );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToSendUserDataStart );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataStart );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UnableToGetUserDataNext );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataAddressRange );
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_VendorSpecific_HmdFound_UserDataError );
+
+		RETURN_ENUM_AS_STRING( VRInitError_Steam_SteamInstallationNotFound );
+
+	default:
+		{
+			static char buf[128];
+			sprintf( buf, "Unknown error (%d)", eError );
+			return buf;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/hmderrors_public.h b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/hmderrors_public.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ccd6c8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/hmderrors_public.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+const char *GetEnglishStringForHmdError( vr::EVRInitError eError );
+const char *GetIDForVRInitError( vr::EVRInitError eError );
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/pathtools_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/pathtools_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a9f24c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/pathtools_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,994 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#include "strtools_public.h"
+#include "pathtools_public.h"
+
+#if defined( _WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <direct.h>
+#include <shobjidl.h>
+#include <knownfolders.h>
+#include <shlobj.h>
+#include <share.h>
+
+#undef GetEnvironmentVariable
+#else
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <alloca.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined OSX
+#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#include <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
+#define _S_IFDIR S_IFDIR     // really from tier0/platform.h which we dont have yet
+#endif
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+/** Returns the path (including filename) to the current executable */
+std::string Path_GetExecutablePath()
+{
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+	wchar_t *pwchPath = new wchar_t[MAX_UNICODE_PATH];
+	char *pchPath = new char[MAX_UNICODE_PATH_IN_UTF8];
+	::GetModuleFileNameW( NULL, pwchPath, MAX_UNICODE_PATH );
+	WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, pwchPath, -1, pchPath, MAX_UNICODE_PATH_IN_UTF8, NULL, NULL );
+	delete[] pwchPath;
+
+	std::string sPath = pchPath;
+	delete[] pchPath;
+	return sPath;
+#elif defined( OSX )
+	char rchPath[1024];
+	uint32_t nBuff = sizeof( rchPath );
+	bool bSuccess = _NSGetExecutablePath(rchPath, &nBuff) == 0;
+	rchPath[nBuff-1] = '\0';
+	if( bSuccess )
+		return rchPath;
+	else
+		return "";
+#elif defined LINUX
+	char rchPath[1024];
+	size_t nBuff = sizeof( rchPath );
+	ssize_t nRead = readlink("/proc/self/exe", rchPath, nBuff-1 );
+	if ( nRead != -1 )
+	{
+		rchPath[ nRead ] = 0;
+		return rchPath;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return "";
+	}
+#else
+	AssertMsg( false, "Implement Plat_GetExecutablePath" );
+	return "";
+#endif
+
+}
+
+/** Returns the path of the current working directory */
+std::string Path_GetWorkingDirectory()
+{
+	std::string sPath;
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+	wchar_t buf[MAX_UNICODE_PATH];
+	sPath = UTF16to8( _wgetcwd( buf, MAX_UNICODE_PATH ) );
+#else
+	char buf[ 1024 ];
+	sPath = getcwd( buf, sizeof( buf ) );
+#endif
+	return sPath;
+}
+
+/** Sets the path of the current working directory. Returns true if this was successful. */
+bool Path_SetWorkingDirectory( const std::string & sPath )
+{
+	bool bSuccess;
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+	std::wstring wsPath = UTF8to16( sPath.c_str() );
+	bSuccess = 0 == _wchdir( wsPath.c_str() );
+#else
+	bSuccess = 0 == chdir( sPath.c_str() );
+#endif
+	return bSuccess;
+}
+
+/** Gets the path to a temporary directory. */
+std::string Path_GetTemporaryDirectory()
+{
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+	wchar_t buf[MAX_UNICODE_PATH];
+	if ( GetTempPathW( MAX_UNICODE_PATH, buf ) == 0 )
+		return Path_GetWorkingDirectory();
+	return UTF16to8( buf );
+#else
+	const char *pchTmpDir = getenv( "TMPDIR" );
+	if ( pchTmpDir == NULL )
+	{
+		return "";
+	}
+	return pchTmpDir;
+#endif
+}
+
+/** Returns the specified path without its filename */
+std::string Path_StripFilename( const std::string & sPath, char slash )
+{
+	if( slash == 0 )
+		slash = Path_GetSlash();
+
+	std::string::size_type n = sPath.find_last_of( slash );
+	if( n == std::string::npos )
+		return sPath;
+	else
+		return std::string( sPath.begin(), sPath.begin() + n );
+}
+
+/** returns just the filename from the provided full or relative path. */
+std::string Path_StripDirectory( const std::string & sPath, char slash )
+{
+	if( slash == 0 )
+		slash = Path_GetSlash();
+
+	std::string::size_type n = sPath.find_last_of( slash );
+	if( n == std::string::npos )
+		return sPath;
+	else
+		return std::string( sPath.begin() + n + 1, sPath.end() );
+}
+
+/** returns just the filename with no extension of the provided filename. 
+* If there is a path the path is left intact. */
+std::string Path_StripExtension( const std::string & sPath )
+{
+	for( std::string::const_reverse_iterator i = sPath.rbegin(); i != sPath.rend(); i++ )
+	{
+		if( *i == '.' )
+		{
+			return std::string( sPath.begin(), i.base() - 1 );
+		}
+
+		// if we find a slash there is no extension
+		if( *i == '\\' || *i == '/' )
+			break;
+	}
+
+	// we didn't find an extension
+	return sPath;
+}
+
+/** returns just extension of the provided filename (if any). */
+std::string Path_GetExtension( const std::string & sPath )
+{
+	for ( std::string::const_reverse_iterator i = sPath.rbegin(); i != sPath.rend(); i++ )
+	{
+		if ( *i == '.' )
+		{
+			return std::string( i.base(), sPath.end() );
+		}
+
+		// if we find a slash there is no extension
+		if ( *i == '\\' || *i == '/' )
+			break;
+	}
+
+	// we didn't find an extension
+	return "";
+}
+
+bool Path_IsAbsolute( const std::string & sPath )
+{
+	if( sPath.empty() )
+		return false;
+
+#if defined( WIN32 )
+	if ( sPath.size() < 3 ) // must be c:\x or \\x at least
+		return false;
+
+	if ( sPath[1] == ':' ) // drive letter plus slash, but must test both slash cases
+	{
+		if ( sPath[2] == '\\' || sPath[2] == '/' )
+			return true;
+	}
+	else if ( sPath[0] == '\\' && sPath[1] == '\\' ) // UNC path
+		return true;
+#else
+	if( sPath[0] == '\\' || sPath[0] == '/' ) // any leading slash
+		return true;
+#endif
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+/** Makes an absolute path from a relative path and a base path */
+std::string Path_MakeAbsolute( const std::string & sRelativePath, const std::string & sBasePath )
+{
+	if( Path_IsAbsolute( sRelativePath ) )
+		return Path_Compact( sRelativePath );
+	else
+	{
+		if( !Path_IsAbsolute( sBasePath ) )
+			return "";
+
+		std::string sCompacted = Path_Compact( Path_Join( sBasePath, sRelativePath ) );
+		if( Path_IsAbsolute( sCompacted ) )
+			return sCompacted;
+		else
+			return "";
+	}
+}
+
+
+/** Fixes the directory separators for the current platform */
+std::string Path_FixSlashes( const std::string & sPath, char slash )
+{
+	if( slash == 0 )
+		slash = Path_GetSlash();
+
+	std::string sFixed = sPath;
+	for( std::string::iterator i = sFixed.begin(); i != sFixed.end(); i++ )
+	{
+		if( *i == '/' || *i == '\\' )
+			*i = slash;
+	}
+
+	return sFixed;
+}
+
+
+char Path_GetSlash()
+{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+	return '\\';
+#else
+	return '/';
+#endif
+}
+
+/** Jams two paths together with the right kind of slash */
+std::string Path_Join( const std::string & first, const std::string & second, char slash )
+{
+	if( slash == 0 )
+		slash = Path_GetSlash();
+
+	// only insert a slash if we don't already have one
+	std::string::size_type nLen = first.length();
+	if( !nLen )
+		return second;
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+	if( first.back() == '\\' || first.back() == '/' )
+	    nLen--;
+#else
+	char last_char = first[first.length()-1];
+	if (last_char == '\\' || last_char == '/')
+	    nLen--;
+#endif
+
+	return first.substr( 0, nLen ) + std::string( 1, slash ) + second;
+}
+
+
+std::string Path_Join( const std::string & first, const std::string & second, const std::string & third, char slash )
+{
+	return Path_Join( Path_Join( first, second, slash ), third, slash );
+}
+
+std::string Path_Join( const std::string & first, const std::string & second, const std::string & third, const std::string &fourth, char slash )
+{
+	return Path_Join( Path_Join( Path_Join( first, second, slash ), third, slash ), fourth, slash );
+}
+
+std::string Path_Join( 
+	const std::string & first, 
+	const std::string & second, 
+	const std::string & third, 
+	const std::string & fourth, 
+	const std::string & fifth, 
+	char slash )
+{
+	return Path_Join( Path_Join( Path_Join( Path_Join( first, second, slash ), third, slash ), fourth, slash ), fifth, slash );
+}
+
+
+std::string Path_RemoveTrailingSlash( const std::string & sRawPath, char slash )
+{
+	if ( slash == 0 )
+		slash = Path_GetSlash();
+
+	std::string sPath = sRawPath;
+	std::string::size_type nCurrent = sRawPath.length();
+	if ( nCurrent == 0 )
+		return sPath;
+
+	int nLastFound = -1;
+	nCurrent--;
+	while( nCurrent != 0 )
+	{
+		if ( sRawPath[ nCurrent ] == slash )
+		{
+			nLastFound = (int)nCurrent;
+			nCurrent--;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+		
+	if ( nLastFound >= 0 )
+	{
+		sPath.erase( nLastFound, std::string::npos );
+	}
+	
+	return sPath;
+}
+
+
+/** Removes redundant <dir>/.. elements in the path. Returns an empty path if the 
+* specified path has a broken number of directories for its number of ..s */
+std::string Path_Compact( const std::string & sRawPath, char slash )
+{
+	if( slash == 0 )
+		slash = Path_GetSlash();
+
+	std::string sPath = Path_FixSlashes( sRawPath, slash );
+	std::string sSlashString( 1, slash );
+
+	// strip out all /./
+	for( std::string::size_type i = 0; (i + 3) < sPath.length();  )
+	{
+		if( sPath[ i ] == slash && sPath[ i+1 ] == '.' && sPath[ i+2 ] == slash )
+		{
+			sPath.replace( i, 3, sSlashString );
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			++i;
+		}
+	}
+
+
+	// get rid of trailing /. but leave the path separator
+	if( sPath.length() > 2 )
+	{
+		std::string::size_type len = sPath.length();
+		if( sPath[ len-1 ] == '.'  && sPath[ len-2 ] == slash )
+		{
+			sPath.pop_back();
+			//Not sure why the following line of code was used for a while.  It causes problems with strlen.
+			//sPath[len-1] = 0;  // for now, at least 
+		}
+	}
+
+	// get rid of leading ./ 
+	if( sPath.length() > 2 )
+	{
+		if( sPath[ 0 ] == '.'  && sPath[ 1 ] == slash )
+		{
+			sPath.replace( 0, 2, "" );
+		}
+	}
+
+	// each time we encounter .. back up until we've found the previous directory name
+	// then get rid of both
+	std::string::size_type i = 0;
+	while( i < sPath.length() )
+	{
+		if( i > 0 && sPath.length() - i >= 2 
+			&& sPath[i] == '.'
+			&& sPath[i+1] == '.'
+			&& ( i + 2 == sPath.length() || sPath[ i+2 ] == slash )
+			&& sPath[ i-1 ] == slash )
+		{
+			// check if we've hit the start of the string and have a bogus path
+			if( i == 1 )
+				return "";
+			
+			// find the separator before i-1
+			std::string::size_type iDirStart = i-2;
+			while( iDirStart > 0 && sPath[ iDirStart - 1 ] != slash )
+				--iDirStart;
+
+			// remove everything from iDirStart to i+2
+			sPath.replace( iDirStart, (i - iDirStart) + 3, "" );
+
+			// start over
+			i = 0;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			++i;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return sPath;
+}
+
+
+/** Returns true if these two paths are the same without respect for internal . or ..
+* sequences, slash type, or case (on case-insensitive platforms). */
+bool Path_IsSamePath( const std::string & sPath1, const std::string & sPath2 )
+{
+	std::string sCompact1 = Path_Compact( sPath1 );
+	std::string sCompact2 = Path_Compact( sPath2 );
+#if defined(WIN32)
+	return !stricmp( sCompact1.c_str(), sCompact2.c_str() );
+#else
+	return !strcmp( sCompact1.c_str(), sCompact2.c_str() );
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/** Returns the path to the current DLL or exe */
+std::string Path_GetThisModulePath()
+{
+	// gets the path of vrclient.dll itself
+#ifdef WIN32
+	HMODULE hmodule = NULL;
+
+	::GetModuleHandleEx( GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_FROM_ADDRESS | GET_MODULE_HANDLE_EX_FLAG_UNCHANGED_REFCOUNT, reinterpret_cast<LPCTSTR>(Path_GetThisModulePath), &hmodule );
+
+	wchar_t *pwchPath = new wchar_t[MAX_UNICODE_PATH];
+	char *pchPath = new char[ MAX_UNICODE_PATH_IN_UTF8 ];
+	::GetModuleFileNameW( hmodule, pwchPath, MAX_UNICODE_PATH );
+	WideCharToMultiByte( CP_UTF8, 0, pwchPath, -1, pchPath, MAX_UNICODE_PATH_IN_UTF8, NULL, NULL );
+	delete[] pwchPath;
+
+	std::string sPath = pchPath;
+	delete [] pchPath;
+	return sPath;
+
+#elif defined( OSX ) || defined( LINUX )
+	// get the addr of a function in vrclient.so and then ask the dlopen system about it
+	Dl_info info;
+	dladdr( (void *)Path_GetThisModulePath, &info );
+	return info.dli_fname;
+#endif
+
+}
+
+
+/** returns true if the specified path exists and is a directory */
+bool Path_IsDirectory( const std::string & sPath )
+{
+	std::string sFixedPath = Path_FixSlashes( sPath );
+	if( sFixedPath.empty() )
+		return false;
+	char cLast = sFixedPath[ sFixedPath.length() - 1 ];
+	if( cLast == '/' || cLast == '\\' )
+		sFixedPath.erase( sFixedPath.end() - 1, sFixedPath.end() );
+
+	// see if the specified path actually exists.
+
+#if defined(POSIX)
+	struct	stat	buf;
+	if ( stat( sFixedPath.c_str(), &buf ) == -1 )
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+#if defined( LINUX ) || defined( OSX )
+	return S_ISDIR( buf.st_mode );
+#else
+	return (buf.st_mode & _S_IFDIR) != 0;
+#endif
+
+#else
+	struct	_stat	buf;
+	std::wstring wsFixedPath = UTF8to16( sFixedPath.c_str() );
+	if ( _wstat( wsFixedPath.c_str(), &buf ) == -1 )
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return (buf.st_mode & _S_IFDIR) != 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+/** returns true if the specified path represents an app bundle */
+bool Path_IsAppBundle( const std::string & sPath )
+{
+#if defined(OSX)
+	@autoreleasepool {
+		NSBundle *bundle = [ NSBundle bundleWithPath: [ NSString stringWithUTF8String:sPath.c_str() ] ];
+		bool bisAppBundle = ( nullptr != bundle );
+		return bisAppBundle;
+	}
+#else
+	return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: returns true if the the path exists
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool Path_Exists( const std::string & sPath )
+{
+	std::string sFixedPath = Path_FixSlashes( sPath );
+	if( sFixedPath.empty() )
+		return false;
+
+#if defined( WIN32 )
+	struct	_stat	buf;
+	std::wstring wsFixedPath = UTF8to16( sFixedPath.c_str() );
+	if ( _wstat( wsFixedPath.c_str(), &buf ) == -1 )
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+#else
+	struct stat buf;
+	if ( stat ( sFixedPath.c_str(), &buf ) == -1)
+	{
+		return false;
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: helper to find a directory upstream from a given path
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string Path_FindParentDirectoryRecursively( const std::string &strStartDirectory, const std::string &strDirectoryName )
+{
+	std::string strFoundPath = "";
+	std::string strCurrentPath = Path_FixSlashes( strStartDirectory );
+	if ( strCurrentPath.length() == 0 )
+		return "";
+
+	bool bExists = Path_Exists( strCurrentPath );
+	std::string strCurrentDirectoryName = Path_StripDirectory( strCurrentPath );
+	if ( bExists && stricmp( strCurrentDirectoryName.c_str(), strDirectoryName.c_str() ) == 0 )
+		return strCurrentPath;
+
+	while( bExists && strCurrentPath.length() != 0 )
+	{
+		strCurrentPath = Path_StripFilename( strCurrentPath );
+		strCurrentDirectoryName = Path_StripDirectory( strCurrentPath );
+		bExists = Path_Exists( strCurrentPath );
+		if ( bExists && stricmp( strCurrentDirectoryName.c_str(), strDirectoryName.c_str() ) == 0 )
+			return strCurrentPath;
+	}
+
+	return "";
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: helper to find a subdirectory upstream from a given path
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string Path_FindParentSubDirectoryRecursively( const std::string &strStartDirectory, const std::string &strDirectoryName )
+{
+	std::string strFoundPath = "";
+	std::string strCurrentPath = Path_FixSlashes( strStartDirectory );
+	if ( strCurrentPath.length() == 0 )
+		return "";
+
+	bool bExists = Path_Exists( strCurrentPath );
+	while( bExists && strCurrentPath.length() != 0 )
+	{
+		strCurrentPath = Path_StripFilename( strCurrentPath );
+		bExists = Path_Exists( strCurrentPath );
+
+		if( Path_Exists( Path_Join( strCurrentPath, strDirectoryName ) ) )
+		{
+			strFoundPath = Path_Join( strCurrentPath, strDirectoryName );
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return strFoundPath;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: reading and writing files in the vortex directory
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::vector<uint8_t> Path_ReadBinaryFile( const std::string & strFilename )
+{
+	FILE *f;
+#if defined( POSIX )
+	f = fopen( strFilename.c_str(), "rb" );
+#else
+	std::wstring wstrFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+	// the open operation needs to be sharable, therefore use of _wfsopen instead of _wfopen_s
+	f = _wfsopen( wstrFilename.c_str(), L"rb", _SH_DENYNO );
+#endif
+
+	std::vector<uint8_t> vecFileContents;
+
+	if ( f != NULL )
+	{
+		fseek( f, 0, SEEK_END );
+		int size = ftell( f );
+		fseek( f, 0, SEEK_SET );
+
+		vecFileContents.resize( size );
+		if ( fread( &vecFileContents[ 0 ], size, 1, f ) == 1 )
+		{
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			vecFileContents.clear();
+		}
+
+		fclose( f );
+	}
+
+	return vecFileContents ;
+}
+
+
+unsigned char * Path_ReadBinaryFile( const std::string &strFilename, int *pSize )
+{
+	FILE *f;
+#if defined( POSIX )
+	f = fopen( strFilename.c_str(), "rb" );
+#else
+	std::wstring wstrFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+	// the open operation needs to be sharable, therefore use of _wfsopen instead of _wfopen_s
+	f = _wfsopen( wstrFilename.c_str(), L"rb", _SH_DENYNO );
+#endif
+	
+	unsigned char* buf = NULL;
+
+	if ( f != NULL )
+	{
+		fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
+		int size = ftell(f);
+		fseek(f, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+		buf = new unsigned char[size];
+		if (buf && fread(buf, size, 1, f) == 1)
+		{
+			if (pSize)
+				*pSize = size;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			delete[] buf;
+			buf = 0;
+		}
+
+		fclose(f);
+	}
+
+	return buf;
+}
+
+uint32_t  Path_ReadBinaryFile( const std::string &strFilename, unsigned char *pBuffer, uint32_t unSize )
+{
+	FILE *f;
+
+    // _wfopen_s not available on old xp
+//#if defined( POSIX )
+	f = fopen( strFilename.c_str(), "rb" );
+/*#else
+	std::wstring wstrFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+	errno_t err = _wfopen_s( &f, wstrFilename.c_str(), L"rb" );
+	if ( err != 0 )
+	{
+		f = NULL;
+	}
+#endif*/
+
+	uint32_t unSizeToReturn = 0;
+
+	if ( f != NULL )
+	{
+		fseek( f, 0, SEEK_END );
+		uint32_t size = (uint32_t)ftell( f );
+		fseek( f, 0, SEEK_SET );
+
+		if ( size > unSize || !pBuffer )
+		{
+			unSizeToReturn = (uint32_t)size;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			if ( fread( pBuffer, size, 1, f ) == 1 )
+			{
+				unSizeToReturn = (uint32_t)size;
+			}
+		}
+
+		fclose( f );
+	}
+
+	return unSizeToReturn;
+}
+
+bool Path_WriteBinaryFile(const std::string &strFilename, unsigned char *pData, unsigned nSize)
+{
+	FILE *f;
+
+    // _wfopen_s not available on old xp
+//#if defined( POSIX )
+	f = fopen(strFilename.c_str(), "wb");
+/*#else
+	std::wstring wstrFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+	errno_t err = _wfopen_s( &f, wstrFilename.c_str(), L"wb" );
+	if (err != 0)
+	{
+		f = NULL;
+	}
+#endif*/
+
+	size_t written = 0;
+	if (f != NULL) {
+		written = fwrite(pData, sizeof(unsigned char), nSize, f);
+		fclose(f);
+	}
+
+	return written == nSize ? true : false;
+}
+
+std::string Path_ReadTextFile( const std::string &strFilename )
+{
+	// doing it this way seems backwards, but I don't
+	// see an easy way to do this with C/C++ style IO
+	// that isn't worse...
+	int size;
+	unsigned char* buf = Path_ReadBinaryFile( strFilename, &size );
+	if (!buf)
+		return "";
+
+	// convert CRLF -> LF
+	size_t outsize = 1;
+	for (int i=1; i < size; i++)
+	{
+		if (buf[i] == '\n' && buf[i-1] == '\r') // CRLF
+			buf[outsize-1] = '\n'; // ->LF
+		else
+			buf[outsize++] = buf[i]; // just copy
+	}
+
+	std::string ret((char *)buf, outsize);
+	delete[] buf;
+	return ret;
+}
+
+
+bool Path_MakeWritable( const std::string &strFilename )
+{
+#if defined ( _WIN32 )
+	std::wstring wstrFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+
+	DWORD dwAttrs = GetFileAttributesW( wstrFilename.c_str() );
+	if ( dwAttrs != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && ( dwAttrs & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY ) )
+	{
+		return SetFileAttributesW( wstrFilename.c_str(), dwAttrs & ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY );
+	}
+#else
+	struct stat sb;
+
+	if ( stat( strFilename.c_str(), &sb ) == 0 && !( sb.st_mode & S_IWUSR ) )
+	{
+		return ( chmod( strFilename.c_str(), sb.st_mode | S_IWUSR ) == 0 );
+	}
+#endif
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool Path_WriteStringToTextFile( const std::string &strFilename, const char *pchData )
+{
+	FILE *f;
+
+    // _wfopen_s not available on old xp
+//#if defined( POSIX )
+	f = fopen( strFilename.c_str(), "w" );
+/*#else
+	std::wstring wstrFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+	errno_t err = _wfopen_s( &f, wstrFilename.c_str(), L"w" );
+	if ( err != 0 )
+	{
+		f = NULL;
+	}
+#endif*/
+	
+	bool ok = false;
+
+	if ( f != NULL )
+	{
+		ok = fputs( pchData, f) >= 0;
+		fclose(f);
+	}
+
+	return ok;
+}
+
+bool Path_WriteStringToTextFileAtomic( const std::string &strFilename, const char *pchData )
+{
+	std::string strTmpFilename = strFilename + ".tmp";
+
+	if ( !Path_WriteStringToTextFile( strTmpFilename, pchData ) )
+		return false;
+
+	// Platform specific atomic file replacement
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+	std::wstring wsFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+	std::wstring wsTmpFilename = UTF8to16( strTmpFilename.c_str() );
+	if ( !::ReplaceFileW( wsFilename.c_str(), wsTmpFilename.c_str(), nullptr, 0, 0, 0 ) )
+	{
+		// if we couldn't ReplaceFile, try a non-atomic write as a fallback
+		if ( !Path_WriteStringToTextFile( strFilename, pchData ) )
+			return false;
+	}
+#elif defined( POSIX )
+	if ( rename( strTmpFilename.c_str(), strFilename.c_str() ) == -1 )
+		return false;
+#else
+#error Do not know how to write atomic file
+#endif
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+#if defined(WIN32)
+#define FILE_URL_PREFIX "file:///"
+#else
+#define FILE_URL_PREFIX "file://"
+#endif
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Turns a path to a file on disk into a URL (or just returns the value if it's already a URL)
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string Path_FilePathToUrl( const std::string & sRelativePath, const std::string & sBasePath )
+{
+	if ( StringHasPrefix( sRelativePath, "http://" )
+		|| StringHasPrefix( sRelativePath, "https://" )
+		|| StringHasPrefix( sRelativePath, "vr-input-workshop://" )
+		|| StringHasPrefix( sRelativePath, "file://" )
+	   )
+	{
+		return sRelativePath;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		std::string sAbsolute = Path_MakeAbsolute( sRelativePath, sBasePath );
+		if ( sAbsolute.empty() )
+			return sAbsolute;
+		sAbsolute = Path_FixSlashes( sAbsolute, '/' );
+
+		size_t unBufferSize = sAbsolute.length() * 3;
+		char *pchBuffer = (char *)alloca( unBufferSize );
+		V_URLEncodeFullPath( pchBuffer, (int)unBufferSize, sAbsolute.c_str(), (int)sAbsolute.length() );
+
+		return std::string( FILE_URL_PREFIX ) + pchBuffer;
+	}
+}
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Strips off file:// off a URL and returns the path. For other kinds of URLs an empty string is returned
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string Path_UrlToFilePath( const std::string & sFileUrl )
+{
+	if ( !strnicmp( sFileUrl.c_str(), FILE_URL_PREFIX, strlen( FILE_URL_PREFIX ) ) )
+	{
+		char *pchBuffer = (char *)alloca( sFileUrl.length() );
+		V_URLDecodeNoPlusForSpace( pchBuffer, (int)sFileUrl.length(), 
+			sFileUrl.c_str() + strlen( FILE_URL_PREFIX ), (int)( sFileUrl.length() - strlen( FILE_URL_PREFIX ) ) );
+
+		return Path_FixSlashes( pchBuffer );
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		return "";
+	}
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns the root of the directory the system wants us to store user documents in
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string GetUserDocumentsPath()
+{
+#if defined( WIN32 )
+	WCHAR rwchPath[MAX_PATH];
+
+	if ( !SUCCEEDED( SHGetFolderPathW( NULL, CSIDL_MYDOCUMENTS | CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE, NULL, 0, rwchPath ) ) )
+	{
+		return "";
+	}
+
+	// Convert the path to UTF-8 and store in the output
+	std::string sUserPath = UTF16to8( rwchPath );
+
+	return sUserPath;
+#elif defined( OSX )
+	@autoreleasepool {
+		NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains( NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES );
+		if ( [paths count] == 0 )
+		{
+			return "";
+		}
+		
+		return [[paths objectAtIndex:0] UTF8String];
+	}
+#elif defined( LINUX )
+	// @todo: not solved/changed as part of OSX - still not real - just removed old class based steam cut and paste
+	const char *pchHome = getenv( "HOME" );
+	if ( pchHome == NULL )
+	{
+		return "";
+	}
+	return pchHome;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: deletes / unlinks a single file
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool Path_UnlinkFile( const std::string &strFilename )
+{
+#if defined( WIN32 )
+	std::wstring wsFilename = UTF8to16( strFilename.c_str() );
+	return ( 0 != DeleteFileW( wsFilename.c_str() ) );
+#else
+	return ( 0 == unlink( strFilename.c_str() ) );
+#endif
+}
+
+
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Limits the set of characters that are allowed in filenames
+// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string Path_SanitizeFilename( const std::string& sFilename )
+{
+	std::string sFixed = sFilename;
+	std::string::iterator iLastDot = sFixed.end();
+	for ( std::string::iterator i = sFixed.begin(); i != sFixed.end(); i++ )
+	{
+		if ( *i == '.' )
+		{
+			iLastDot = i;
+		}
+
+		// path-related characters are forbidden (except the last period)
+		switch ( *i )
+		{
+			case '\0':
+			case '.':
+			case '\\':
+			case '/':
+			case ':':
+			case '|':
+			case '?':
+			case '>':
+			case '<':
+			case '&':
+			case '%':
+			case '@':
+			case '$':
+			case '*':
+			case '\"':
+				*i = '_';
+				break;
+
+			default:
+				if ( *i < 32 )
+				{
+					*i = '_';
+				}
+				break;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( iLastDot != sFixed.end() && iLastDot != sFixed.begin() 
+		&& iLastDot+1 != sFixed.end() )
+	{
+		*iLastDot = '.';
+	}
+
+	return sFixed;
+}
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/pathtools_public.h b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/pathtools_public.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8bad50a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/pathtools_public.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/** Returns the path (including filename) to the current executable */
+std::string Path_GetExecutablePath();
+
+/** Returns the path of the current working directory */
+std::string Path_GetWorkingDirectory();
+
+/** Sets the path of the current working directory. Returns true if this was successful. */
+bool Path_SetWorkingDirectory( const std::string & sPath );
+
+/** Gets the path to a temporary directory. */
+std::string Path_GetTemporaryDirectory();
+
+/** returns the path (including filename) of the current shared lib or DLL */
+std::string Path_GetThisModulePath();
+
+/** Returns the specified path without its filename.
+* If slash is unspecified the native path separator of the current platform
+* will be used. */
+std::string Path_StripFilename( const std::string & sPath, char slash = 0 );
+
+/** returns just the filename from the provided full or relative path. */
+std::string Path_StripDirectory( const std::string & sPath, char slash = 0 );
+
+/** returns just the filename with no extension of the provided filename. 
+* If there is a path the path is left intact. */
+std::string Path_StripExtension( const std::string & sPath );
+
+/** returns just extension of the provided filename (if any). */
+std::string Path_GetExtension( const std::string & sPath );
+
+/** Returns true if the path is absolute */
+bool Path_IsAbsolute( const std::string & sPath );
+
+/** Makes an absolute path from a relative path and a base path */
+std::string Path_MakeAbsolute( const std::string & sRelativePath, const std::string & sBasePath );
+
+/** Fixes the directory separators for the current platform.
+* If slash is unspecified the native path separator of the current platform
+* will be used. */
+std::string Path_FixSlashes( const std::string & sPath, char slash = 0 );
+
+/** Returns the path separator for the current platform */
+char Path_GetSlash();
+
+/** Jams two paths together with the right kind of slash */
+std::string Path_Join( const std::string & first, const std::string & second, char slash = 0 );
+std::string Path_Join( const std::string & first, const std::string & second, const std::string & third, char slash = 0 );
+std::string Path_Join( const std::string & first, const std::string & second, const std::string & third, const std::string &fourth, char slash = 0 );
+std::string Path_Join( 
+	const std::string & first, 
+	const std::string & second, 
+	const std::string & third, 
+	const std::string & fourth, 
+	const std::string & fifth, 
+	char slash = 0 );
+
+
+/** Removes redundant <dir>/.. elements in the path. Returns an empty path if the 
+* specified path has a broken number of directories for its number of ..s.
+* If slash is unspecified the native path separator of the current platform
+* will be used. */
+std::string Path_Compact( const std::string & sRawPath, char slash = 0 );
+
+/** Returns true if these two paths are the same without respect for internal . or ..
+* sequences, slash type, or case (on case-insensitive platforms). */
+bool Path_IsSamePath( const std::string & sPath1, const std::string & sPath2 );
+
+//** Removed trailing slashes */
+std::string Path_RemoveTrailingSlash( const std::string & sRawPath, char slash = 0 );
+
+/** returns true if the specified path exists and is a directory */
+bool Path_IsDirectory( const std::string & sPath );
+
+/** returns true if the specified path represents an app bundle */
+bool Path_IsAppBundle( const std::string & sPath );
+
+/** returns true if the the path exists */
+bool Path_Exists( const std::string & sPath );
+
+/** Helper functions to find parent directories or subdirectories of parent directories */
+std::string Path_FindParentDirectoryRecursively( const std::string &strStartDirectory, const std::string &strDirectoryName );
+std::string Path_FindParentSubDirectoryRecursively( const std::string &strStartDirectory, const std::string &strDirectoryName );
+
+/** Make a text file writable. */
+bool Path_MakeWritable( const std::string &strFilename );
+
+/** Path operations to read or write text/binary files */
+unsigned char * Path_ReadBinaryFile( const std::string &strFilename, int *pSize );
+uint32_t  Path_ReadBinaryFile( const std::string &strFilename, unsigned char *pBuffer, uint32_t unSize );
+std::vector<uint8_t> Path_ReadBinaryFile( const std::string & strFilename );
+bool Path_WriteBinaryFile( const std::string &strFilename, unsigned char *pData, unsigned nSize );
+std::string Path_ReadTextFile( const std::string &strFilename );
+bool Path_WriteStringToTextFile( const std::string &strFilename, const char *pchData );
+bool Path_WriteStringToTextFileAtomic( const std::string &strFilename, const char *pchData );
+
+/** Returns a file:// url for paths, or an http or https url if that's what was provided */
+std::string Path_FilePathToUrl( const std::string & sRelativePath, const std::string & sBasePath );
+
+/** Strips off file:// off a URL and returns the path. For other kinds of URLs an empty string is returned */
+std::string Path_UrlToFilePath( const std::string & sFileUrl );
+
+/** Returns the root of the directory the system wants us to store user documents in */
+std::string GetUserDocumentsPath();
+
+/** deletes / unlinks a single file */
+bool Path_UnlinkFile( const std::string &strFilename );
+
+std::string Path_SanitizeFilename( const std::string& sFilename );
+
+#ifndef MAX_UNICODE_PATH
+	#define MAX_UNICODE_PATH 32767
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MAX_UNICODE_PATH_IN_UTF8
+	#define MAX_UNICODE_PATH_IN_UTF8 (MAX_UNICODE_PATH * 4)
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+#if defined(WIN32)
+#define DYNAMIC_LIB_EXT	".dll"
+#define PROGRAM_EXT ".exe"
+#ifdef _WIN64
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"win64"
+#else
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"win32"
+#endif
+#elif defined(OSX)
+#define DYNAMIC_LIB_EXT	".dylib"
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"osx32"
+#define PROGRAM_EXT ""
+#elif defined(LINUX)
+#define DYNAMIC_LIB_EXT	".so"
+#define PROGRAM_EXT ""
+#if defined( LINUX32 )
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"linux32"
+#elif defined( ANDROIDARM64 )
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"androidarm64" 
+#elif defined( LINUXARM64 )
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"linuxarm64" 
+#else
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"linux64"
+#endif
+#else
+#warning "Unknown platform for PLATSUBDIR"
+#define PLATSUBDIR	"unknown_platform"
+#endif
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/sharedlibtools_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/sharedlibtools_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f2cf57f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/sharedlibtools_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#include "sharedlibtools_public.h"
+#include <string.h>
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(POSIX)
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#endif
+
+
+SharedLibHandle SharedLib_Load( const char *pchPath, uint32_t *pErrorCode )
+{
+	SharedLibHandle pHandle = nullptr;
+#if defined( _WIN32)
+	pHandle = ( SharedLibHandle )LoadLibraryEx( pchPath, NULL, LOAD_WITH_ALTERED_SEARCH_PATH );
+#elif defined(POSIX)
+	pHandle = (SharedLibHandle) dlopen(pchPath, RTLD_LOCAL|RTLD_NOW);
+#endif
+
+	if ( pErrorCode )
+	{
+		if ( pHandle == nullptr )
+		{
+#if defined( _WIN32)
+			*pErrorCode = ( uint32_t ) GetLastError();
+#elif defined(POSIX)
+			*pErrorCode = 1;
+#endif
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			*pErrorCode = 0;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pHandle;
+}
+
+void *SharedLib_GetFunction( SharedLibHandle lib, const char *pchFunctionName)
+{
+#if defined( _WIN32)
+	return (void*)GetProcAddress( (HMODULE)lib, pchFunctionName );
+#elif defined(POSIX)
+	return dlsym( lib, pchFunctionName );
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void SharedLib_Unload( SharedLibHandle lib )
+{
+	if ( !lib )
+		return;
+#if defined( _WIN32)
+	FreeLibrary( (HMODULE)lib );
+#elif defined(POSIX)
+	dlclose( lib );
+#endif
+}
+
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/sharedlibtools_public.h b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/sharedlibtools_public.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38e7c29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/sharedlibtools_public.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+typedef void *SharedLibHandle;
+
+SharedLibHandle SharedLib_Load( const char *pchPath, uint32_t *pErrorCode = nullptr );
+void *SharedLib_GetFunction( SharedLibHandle lib, const char *pchFunctionName);
+void SharedLib_Unload( SharedLibHandle lib );
+
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/strtools_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/strtools_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb493f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/strtools_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#include "strtools_public.h"
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <codecvt>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <functional>
+#include <locale>
+#include <codecvt>
+#include <cassert>
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+#include <windows.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined( OSX ) || defined( LINUX )
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:  stricmp -> strcasecmp bridge
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int stricmp( const char *pStr1, const char *pStr2 )
+{
+	return strcasecmp( pStr1, pStr2 );
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: strincmp -> strncasecmp bridge
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int strnicmp( const char *pStr1, const char *pStr2, size_t unBufferLen )
+{
+	return strncasecmp( pStr1, pStr2, unBufferLen );
+}
+#endif
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool StringHasPrefix( const std::string & sString, const std::string & sPrefix )
+{
+	return 0 == strnicmp( sString.c_str(), sPrefix.c_str(), sPrefix.length() );
+}
+
+bool StringHasPrefixCaseSensitive( const std::string & sString, const std::string & sPrefix )
+{
+	return 0 == strncmp( sString.c_str(), sPrefix.c_str(), sPrefix.length() );
+}
+
+
+bool StringHasSuffix( const std::string &sString, const std::string &sSuffix )
+{
+	size_t cStrLen = sString.length();
+	size_t cSuffixLen = sSuffix.length();
+
+	if ( cSuffixLen > cStrLen )
+		return false;
+
+	std::string sStringSuffix = sString.substr( cStrLen - cSuffixLen, cSuffixLen );
+
+	return 0 == stricmp( sStringSuffix.c_str(), sSuffix.c_str() );
+}
+
+bool StringHasSuffixCaseSensitive( const std::string &sString, const std::string &sSuffix )
+{
+	size_t cStrLen = sString.length();
+	size_t cSuffixLen = sSuffix.length();
+
+	if ( cSuffixLen > cStrLen )
+		return false;
+
+	std::string sStringSuffix = sString.substr( cStrLen - cSuffixLen, cSuffixLen );
+
+	return 0 == strncmp( sStringSuffix.c_str(), sSuffix.c_str(),cSuffixLen );
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+typedef std::codecvt_utf8< wchar_t > convert_type;
+
+std::string UTF16to8(const wchar_t * in)
+{
+	static std::wstring_convert< convert_type, wchar_t > s_converter;  // construction of this can be expensive (or even serialized) depending on locale
+
+	try
+	{
+		return s_converter.to_bytes( in );
+	}
+	catch ( ... )
+	{
+		return std::string();
+	}
+}
+
+std::string UTF16to8( const std::wstring & in ) { return UTF16to8( in.c_str() ); }
+
+
+std::wstring UTF8to16(const char * in)
+{
+	static std::wstring_convert< convert_type, wchar_t > s_converter;  // construction of this can be expensive (or even serialized) depending on locale
+
+	try
+	{
+		return s_converter.from_bytes( in );
+	}
+	catch ( ... )
+	{
+		return std::wstring();
+	}
+}
+
+std::wstring UTF8to16( const std::string & in ) { return UTF8to16( in.c_str() ); }
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Format string to std::string converter
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string Format( const char *pchFormat, ... )
+{
+	static constexpr size_t k_ulMaxStackString = 4096;
+
+	va_list args;
+	char pchBuffer[k_ulMaxStackString];
+
+	va_start( args, pchFormat );
+	int unSize = vsnprintf( pchBuffer, sizeof( pchBuffer ), pchFormat, args );
+	va_end( args );
+
+	// Something went fairly wrong
+	if ( unSize < 0 )
+	{
+		assert( false );
+		return "";
+	}
+
+	// Processing on the stack worked, success
+#pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-compare"
+	if ( unSize < k_ulMaxStackString )
+	{
+		return pchBuffer;
+	}
+#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+
+	// If processing on the stack failed, fallback to a dynamic allocation
+	std::vector< char > vecChar{};
+	vecChar.resize( unSize + 1 );
+
+	va_start( args, pchFormat );
+	unSize = vsnprintf( vecChar.data(), vecChar.size(), pchFormat, args );
+	va_end( args );
+
+	// Double check, just in case
+	if ( unSize < 0 )
+	{
+		assert( false );
+		return "";
+	}
+
+	return vecChar.data();
+}
+
+
+
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Convert LPSTR in the default CodePage to UTF8
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string DefaultACPtoUTF8( const char *pszStr )
+{
+	if ( GetACP() == CP_UTF8 )
+	{
+		return pszStr;
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		std::vector<wchar_t> vecBuf( strlen( pszStr ) + 1 ); // should be guaranteed to be enough
+		MultiByteToWideChar( CP_ACP, MB_PRECOMPOSED, pszStr, -1, vecBuf.data(), (int) vecBuf.size() );
+		return UTF16to8( vecBuf.data() );
+	}
+}
+#endif
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+void strcpy_safe( char *pchBuffer, size_t unBufferSizeBytes, const char *pchSource )
+{
+	strncpy( pchBuffer, pchSource, unBufferSizeBytes - 1 );
+	pchBuffer[unBufferSizeBytes - 1] = '\0';
+}
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: converts a string to upper case
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string StringToUpper( const std::string & sString )
+{
+	std::string sOut;
+	sOut.reserve( sString.size() + 1 );
+	for( std::string::const_iterator i = sString.begin(); i != sString.end(); i++ )
+	{
+		sOut.push_back( (char)toupper( *i ) );
+	}
+
+	return sOut;
+}
+
+
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: converts a string to lower case
+// --------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string StringToLower( const std::string & sString )
+{
+	std::string sOut;
+	sOut.reserve( sString.size() + 1 );
+	for( std::string::const_iterator i = sString.begin(); i != sString.end(); i++ )
+	{
+		sOut.push_back( (char)tolower( *i ) );
+	}
+
+	return sOut;
+}
+
+
+uint32_t ReturnStdString( const std::string & sValue, char *pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen )
+{
+	uint32_t unLen = (uint32_t)sValue.length() + 1;
+	if( !pchBuffer || !unBufferLen )
+		return unLen;
+
+	if( unBufferLen < unLen )
+	{
+		pchBuffer[0] = '\0';
+	}
+	else
+	{
+		memcpy( pchBuffer, sValue.c_str(), unLen );
+	}
+
+	return unLen;
+}
+
+
+/** Returns a std::string from a uint64_t */
+std::string Uint64ToString( uint64_t ulValue )
+{
+	char buf[ 22 ];
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+	sprintf_s( buf, "%llu", ulValue );
+#else
+    snprintf( buf, sizeof( buf ), "%llu", (long long unsigned int ) ulValue );
+#endif
+	return buf;
+}
+
+
+/** returns a uint64_t from a string */
+uint64_t StringToUint64( const std::string & sValue )
+{
+	return strtoull( sValue.c_str(), NULL, 0 );
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Helper for converting a numeric value to a hex digit, value should be 0-15.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+char cIntToHexDigit( int nValue )
+{
+	//Assert( nValue >= 0 && nValue <= 15 );
+	return "0123456789ABCDEF"[ nValue & 15 ];
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Helper for converting a hex char value to numeric, return -1 if the char
+//          is not a valid hex digit.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+int iHexCharToInt( char cValue )
+{
+	int32_t iValue = cValue;
+	if ( (uint32_t)( iValue - '0' ) < 10 )
+		return iValue - '0';
+
+	iValue |= 0x20;
+	if ( (uint32_t)( iValue - 'a' ) < 6 )
+		return iValue - 'a' + 10;
+
+	return -1;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: These define the set of characters to filter for components (which
+//			need all the escaping we can muster) vs. paths (which don't want
+//			/ and : escaped so we don't break less compliant URL handling code.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static bool CharNeedsEscape_Component( const char c )
+{
+	return (!(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') && !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') && !(c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+		&& c != '-' && c != '_' && c != '.');
+}
+static bool CharNeedsEscape_FullPath( const char c )
+{
+	return (!(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') && !(c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') && !(c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+		&& c != '-' && c != '_' && c != '.' && c != '/' && c != ':' );
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Internal implementation of encode, works in the strict RFC manner, or
+//          with spaces turned to + like HTML form encoding.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void V_URLEncodeInternal( char *pchDest, int nDestLen, const char *pchSource, int nSourceLen, 
+	bool bUsePlusForSpace, std::function< bool(const char)> fnNeedsEscape )
+{
+	//AssertMsg( nDestLen > 3*nSourceLen, "Target buffer for V_URLEncode should be 3x source length, plus one for terminating null\n" );
+	
+	int iDestPos = 0;
+	for ( int i=0; i < nSourceLen; ++i )
+	{
+		// worst case we need 3 additional chars
+		if( (iDestPos+3) > nDestLen  )
+		{
+			pchDest[0] = '\0';
+//			AssertMsg( false, "Target buffer too short\n" );
+			return;
+		}
+
+		// We allow only a-z, A-Z, 0-9, period, underscore, and hyphen to pass through unescaped.
+		// These are the characters allowed by both the original RFC 1738 and the latest RFC 3986.
+		// Current specs also allow '~', but that is forbidden under original RFC 1738.
+		if ( fnNeedsEscape( pchSource[i] ) )
+		{
+			if ( bUsePlusForSpace && pchSource[i] == ' ' )
+			{
+				pchDest[iDestPos++] = '+';
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				pchDest[iDestPos++] = '%';
+				uint8_t iValue = pchSource[i];
+				if ( iValue == 0 )
+				{
+					pchDest[iDestPos++] = '0';
+					pchDest[iDestPos++] = '0';
+				}
+				else
+				{
+					char cHexDigit1 = cIntToHexDigit( iValue % 16 );
+					iValue /= 16;
+					char cHexDigit2 = cIntToHexDigit( iValue );
+					pchDest[iDestPos++] = cHexDigit2;
+					pchDest[iDestPos++] = cHexDigit1;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			pchDest[iDestPos++] = pchSource[i];
+		}
+	}
+
+	if( (iDestPos+1) > nDestLen )
+	{
+		pchDest[0] = '\0';
+		//AssertMsg( false, "Target buffer too short to terminate\n" );
+		return;
+	}
+
+	// Null terminate
+	pchDest[iDestPos++] = 0;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Internal implementation of decode, works in the strict RFC manner, or
+//          with spaces turned to + like HTML form encoding.
+//
+//			Returns the amount of space used in the output buffer.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t V_URLDecodeInternal( char *pchDecodeDest, int nDecodeDestLen, const char *pchEncodedSource, int nEncodedSourceLen, bool bUsePlusForSpace )
+{
+	if ( nDecodeDestLen < nEncodedSourceLen )
+	{
+		//AssertMsg( false, "V_URLDecode needs a dest buffer at least as large as the source" );
+		return 0;
+	}
+
+	int iDestPos = 0;
+	for( int i=0; i < nEncodedSourceLen; ++i )
+	{
+		if ( bUsePlusForSpace && pchEncodedSource[i] == '+' )
+		{
+			pchDecodeDest[ iDestPos++ ] = ' ';
+		}
+		else if ( pchEncodedSource[i] == '%' )
+		{
+			// Percent signifies an encoded value, look ahead for the hex code, convert to numeric, and use that
+
+			// First make sure we have 2 more chars
+			if ( i < nEncodedSourceLen - 2 )
+			{
+				char cHexDigit1 = pchEncodedSource[i+1];
+				char cHexDigit2 = pchEncodedSource[i+2];
+
+				// Turn the chars into a hex value, if they are not valid, then we'll
+				// just place the % and the following two chars direct into the string,
+				// even though this really shouldn't happen, who knows what bad clients
+				// may do with encoding.
+				bool bValid = false;
+				int iValue = iHexCharToInt( cHexDigit1 );
+				if ( iValue != -1 )
+				{
+					iValue *= 16;
+					int iValue2 = iHexCharToInt( cHexDigit2 );
+					if ( iValue2 != -1 )
+					{
+						iValue += iValue2;
+						pchDecodeDest[ iDestPos++ ] = (char)iValue;
+						bValid = true;
+					}
+				}
+
+				if ( !bValid )
+				{
+					pchDecodeDest[ iDestPos++ ] = '%';
+					pchDecodeDest[ iDestPos++ ] = cHexDigit1;
+					pchDecodeDest[ iDestPos++ ] = cHexDigit2;
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Skip ahead
+			i += 2;
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			pchDecodeDest[ iDestPos++ ] = pchEncodedSource[i];
+		}
+	}
+
+	// We may not have extra room to NULL terminate, since this can be used on raw data, but if we do
+	// go ahead and do it as this can avoid bugs.
+	if ( iDestPos < nDecodeDestLen )
+	{
+		pchDecodeDest[iDestPos] = 0;
+	}
+
+	return (size_t)iDestPos;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Encodes a string (or binary data) from URL encoding format, see rfc1738 section 2.2.  
+//          This version of the call isn't a strict RFC implementation, but uses + for space as is
+//          the standard in HTML form encoding, despite it not being part of the RFC.
+//
+//          Dest buffer should be at least as large as source buffer to guarantee room for decode.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void V_URLEncode( char *pchDest, int nDestLen, const char *pchSource, int nSourceLen )
+{
+	return V_URLEncodeInternal( pchDest, nDestLen, pchSource, nSourceLen, true, CharNeedsEscape_Component );
+}
+
+
+void V_URLEncodeNoPlusForSpace( char *pchDest, int nDestLen, const char *pchSource, int nSourceLen )
+{
+	return V_URLEncodeInternal( pchDest, nDestLen, pchSource, nSourceLen, false, CharNeedsEscape_Component );
+}
+
+void V_URLEncodeFullPath( char *pchDest, int nDestLen, const char *pchSource, int nSourceLen )
+{
+	return V_URLEncodeInternal( pchDest, nDestLen, pchSource, nSourceLen, false, CharNeedsEscape_FullPath );
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Decodes a string (or binary data) from URL encoding format, see rfc1738 section 2.2.  
+//          This version of the call isn't a strict RFC implementation, but uses + for space as is
+//          the standard in HTML form encoding, despite it not being part of the RFC.
+//
+//          Dest buffer should be at least as large as source buffer to guarantee room for decode.
+//			Dest buffer being the same as the source buffer (decode in-place) is explicitly allowed.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t V_URLDecode( char *pchDecodeDest, int nDecodeDestLen, const char *pchEncodedSource, int nEncodedSourceLen )
+{
+	return V_URLDecodeInternal( pchDecodeDest, nDecodeDestLen, pchEncodedSource, nEncodedSourceLen, true );
+}
+
+size_t V_URLDecodeNoPlusForSpace( char *pchDecodeDest, int nDecodeDestLen, const char *pchEncodedSource, int nEncodedSourceLen )
+{
+	return V_URLDecodeInternal( pchDecodeDest, nDecodeDestLen, pchEncodedSource, nEncodedSourceLen, false );
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void V_StripExtension( std::string &in )
+{
+	// Find the last dot. If it's followed by a dot or a slash, then it's part of a 
+	// directory specifier like ../../somedir/./blah.
+	std::string::size_type test = in.rfind( '.' );
+	if ( test != std::string::npos )
+	{
+		// This handles things like ".\blah" or "c:\my@email.com\abc\def\geh"
+		// Which would otherwise wind up with "" and "c:\my@email", respectively.
+		if ( in.rfind( '\\' ) < test && in.rfind( '/' ) < test )
+		{
+			in.resize( test );
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Tokenizes a string into a vector of strings
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::vector<std::string> TokenizeString( const std::string & sString, char cToken )
+{
+	std::vector<std::string> vecStrings;
+	std::istringstream stream( sString );
+	std::string s;
+	while ( std::getline( stream, s, cToken ) )
+	{
+		vecStrings.push_back( s );
+	}
+
+	if ( !sString.empty() && sString.back() == cToken )
+	{
+		vecStrings.push_back( "" );
+	}
+
+	return vecStrings;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Repairs a should-be-UTF-8 string to a for-sure-is-UTF-8 string, plus return boolean if we subbed in '?' somewhere
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool RepairUTF8( const char *pbegin, const char *pend, std::string & sOutputUtf8 )
+{
+	typedef std::codecvt_utf8<char32_t> facet_type;
+	facet_type myfacet;
+
+	std::mbstate_t mystate = std::mbstate_t();
+
+	sOutputUtf8.clear();
+	sOutputUtf8.reserve( pend - pbegin );
+	bool bSqueakyClean = true;
+
+	const char *pmid = pbegin;
+	while ( pmid != pend )
+	{
+		bool bHasError = false;
+		bool bHasValidData = false;
+
+		char32_t out = 0xdeadbeef, *pout;
+		pbegin = pmid;
+		switch ( myfacet.in( mystate, pbegin, pend, pmid, &out, &out + 1, pout ) )
+		{
+		case facet_type::ok:
+			bHasValidData = true;
+			break;
+
+		case facet_type::noconv:
+			// unexpected! always converting type
+			bSqueakyClean = false;
+			break;
+
+		case facet_type::partial:
+			bHasError = pbegin == pmid;
+			if ( bHasError )
+			{
+				bSqueakyClean = false;
+			}
+			else
+			{
+				bHasValidData = true;
+			}
+			break;
+
+		case facet_type::error:
+			bHasError = true;
+			bSqueakyClean = false;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		if ( bHasValidData )
+		{
+			// could convert back, but no need
+			for ( const char *p = pbegin; p != pmid; ++p )
+			{
+				sOutputUtf8 += *p;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if ( bHasError )
+		{
+			sOutputUtf8 += '?';
+		}
+
+		if ( pmid == pbegin )
+		{
+			pmid++;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return bSqueakyClean;
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Repairs a should-be-UTF-8 string to a for-sure-is-UTF-8 string, plus return boolean if we subbed in '?' somewhere
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool RepairUTF8( const std::string & sInputUtf8, std::string & sOutputUtf8 )
+{
+	return RepairUTF8( sInputUtf8.data(), sInputUtf8.data() + sInputUtf8.size(), sOutputUtf8 );
+}
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/strtools_public.h b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/strtools_public.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e8e349
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/strtools_public.h
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+/** returns true if the string has the prefix */
+bool StringHasPrefix( const std::string & sString, const std::string & sPrefix );
+bool StringHasPrefixCaseSensitive( const std::string & sString, const std::string & sPrefix );
+
+/** returns if the string has the suffix */
+bool StringHasSuffix( const std::string &sString, const std::string &sSuffix );
+bool StringHasSuffixCaseSensitive( const std::string &sString, const std::string &sSuffix );
+
+/** converts a UTF-16 string to a UTF-8 string */
+std::string UTF16to8( const wchar_t * in );
+std::string UTF16to8( const std::wstring & in );
+
+/** converts a UTF-8 string to a UTF-16 string */
+std::wstring UTF8to16(const char * in);
+std::wstring UTF8to16( const std::string & in );
+#define Utf16FromUtf8 UTF8to16
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+std::string DefaultACPtoUTF8( const char *pszStr );
+#endif
+
+/** Repairs a should-be-UTF-8 string to a for-sure-is-UTF-8 string, plus return boolean if we subbed in '?' somewhere */
+bool RepairUTF8( const char *begin, const char *end, std::string & sOutputUtf8 );
+bool RepairUTF8( const std::string & sInputUtf8, std::string & sOutputUtf8 );
+
+/** safely copy a string into a buffer */
+void strcpy_safe( char *pchBuffer, size_t unBufferSizeBytes, const char *pchSource );
+template< size_t bufferSize >
+void strcpy_safe( char (& buffer) [ bufferSize ], const char *pchSource ) 
+{
+	strcpy_safe( buffer, bufferSize, pchSource );
+}
+
+/** Turns printf-style format args into a std::string */
+std::string Format( const char *pchFormat, ... );
+
+
+/** converts a string to upper case */
+std::string StringToUpper( const std::string & sString );
+
+/** converts a string to lower case */
+std::string StringToLower( const std::string & sString );
+
+// we stricmp (from WIN) but it isn't POSIX - OSX/LINUX have strcasecmp so just inline bridge to it
+#if defined( OSX ) || defined( LINUX )
+int stricmp(const char *pStr1, const char *pStr2);
+#ifndef _stricmp
+#define _stricmp stricmp
+#endif
+int strnicmp( const char *pStr1, const char *pStr2, size_t unBufferLen );
+#ifndef _strnicmp
+#define _strnicmp strnicmp
+#endif
+
+#ifndef _vsnprintf_s
+#define _vsnprintf_s vsnprintf
+#endif
+
+#define _TRUNCATE ((size_t)-1)
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined( OSX )
+// behaviors ensure NULL-termination at least as well as _TRUNCATE does, but
+// wcsncpy_s/strncpy_s can non-NULL-terminate, wcslcpy/strlcpy can not.
+inline errno_t wcsncpy_s(wchar_t *strDest, size_t numberOfElements, const wchar_t *strSource, size_t count)
+{
+	return wcslcpy(strDest, strSource, numberOfElements);
+}
+
+inline errno_t strncpy_s(char *strDest, size_t numberOfElements, const char *strSource, size_t count)
+{
+	return strlcpy(strDest, strSource, numberOfElements);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined( LINUX )
+// this implementation does not return whether or not the destination was 
+// truncated, but that is straightforward to fix if anybody actually needs the
+// return code. 
+#include "string.h"
+inline void wcsncpy_s(wchar_t *strDest, size_t numberOfElements, const wchar_t *strSource, size_t count)
+{
+	wcsncpy(strDest, strSource, numberOfElements);
+	strDest[numberOfElements-1] = '\0';
+}
+
+inline void strncpy_s(char *strDest, size_t numberOfElements, const char *strSource, size_t count)
+{
+	strncpy(strDest, strSource, numberOfElements);
+	strDest[numberOfElements-1] = '\0';
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 ) && _MSC_VER < 1800
+inline uint64_t strtoull(const char *str, char **endptr, int base) { return _strtoui64( str, endptr, base ); }
+#endif
+
+/* Handles copying a std::string into a buffer as would be provided in an API */
+uint32_t ReturnStdString( const std::string & sValue, char *pchBuffer, uint32_t unBufferLen );
+
+/** Returns a std::string from a uint64_t */
+std::string Uint64ToString( uint64_t ulValue );
+
+/** returns a uint64_t from a string */
+uint64_t StringToUint64( const std::string & sValue );
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Encodes a string (or binary data) from URL encoding format, see rfc1738 section 2.2.  
+//          This version of the call isn't a strict RFC implementation, but uses + for space as is
+//          the standard in HTML form encoding, despite it not being part of the RFC.
+//
+//          Dest buffer should be at least as large as source buffer to guarantee room for decode.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void V_URLEncode( char *pchDest, int nDestLen, const char *pchSource, int nSourceLen );
+
+/** Same as V_URLEncode, but without plus for space. */
+void V_URLEncodeNoPlusForSpace( char *pchDest, int nDestLen, const char *pchSource, int nSourceLen );
+
+/** Same as V_URLEncodeNoPlusForSpace, but without escaping / and : */
+void V_URLEncodeFullPath( char *pchDest, int nDestLen, const char *pchSource, int nSourceLen );
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Decodes a string (or binary data) from URL encoding format, see rfc1738 section 2.2.  
+//          This version of the call isn't a strict RFC implementation, but uses + for space as is
+//          the standard in HTML form encoding, despite it not being part of the RFC.
+//
+//          Dest buffer should be at least as large as source buffer to guarantee room for decode.
+//			Dest buffer being the same as the source buffer (decode in-place) is explicitly allowed.
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+size_t V_URLDecode( char *pchDecodeDest, int nDecodeDestLen, const char *pchEncodedSource, int nEncodedSourceLen );
+
+/** Same as V_URLDecode, but without plus for space. */
+size_t V_URLDecodeNoPlusForSpace( char *pchDecodeDest, int nDecodeDestLen, const char *pchEncodedSource, int nEncodedSourceLen );
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: strip extension from a path
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+void V_StripExtension( std::string &in );
+
+
+/** Tokenizes a string into a vector of strings */
+std::vector<std::string> TokenizeString( const std::string & sString, char cToken );
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.cpp b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c41da63
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,483 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+
+#include "vrpathregistry_public.h"
+#include <json/json.h>
+#include "pathtools_public.h"
+#include "envvartools_public.h"
+#include "strtools_public.h"
+#include "dirtools_public.h"
+
+#if defined( WIN32 )
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <shlobj.h>
+
+#undef GetEnvironmentVariable
+#elif defined OSX
+#include <Foundation/Foundation.h>
+#include <AppKit/AppKit.h>
+#elif defined(LINUX)
+#include <dlfcn.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <sstream>
+
+#ifndef VRLog
+	#if defined( __MINGW32__ )
+		#define VRLog(args...)		fprintf(stderr, args)
+	#elif defined( WIN32 )
+		#define VRLog(fmt, ...)		fprintf(stderr, fmt, __VA_ARGS__)
+	#else
+		#define VRLog(args...)		fprintf(stderr, args)
+	#endif
+#endif
+
+/** Returns the root of the directory the system wants us to store user config data in */
+static std::string GetAppSettingsPath()
+{
+#if defined( WIN32 )
+	WCHAR rwchPath[MAX_PATH];
+
+	if( !SUCCEEDED( SHGetFolderPathW( NULL, CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA | CSIDL_FLAG_CREATE, NULL, 0, rwchPath ) ) )
+	{
+		return "";
+	}
+
+	// Convert the path to UTF-8 and store in the output
+	std::string sUserPath = UTF16to8( rwchPath );
+
+	return sUserPath;
+#elif defined( OSX )
+	std::string sSettingsDir;
+	@autoreleasepool {
+		// Search for the path
+		NSArray *paths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains( NSApplicationSupportDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES );
+		if ( [paths count] == 0 )
+		{
+			return "";
+		}
+		
+		NSString *resolvedPath = [paths objectAtIndex:0];
+		resolvedPath = [resolvedPath stringByAppendingPathComponent: @"OpenVR"];
+		
+		if ( ![[NSFileManager defaultManager] createDirectoryAtPath: resolvedPath withIntermediateDirectories:YES attributes:nil error:nil] )
+		{
+			return "";
+		}
+		
+		sSettingsDir.assign( [resolvedPath UTF8String] );
+	}
+	return sSettingsDir;
+#elif defined( LINUX )
+
+	// As defined by XDG Base Directory Specification 
+	// https://specifications.freedesktop.org/basedir-spec/basedir-spec-latest.html
+
+	const char *pchHome = getenv("XDG_CONFIG_HOME");
+	if ( ( pchHome != NULL) && ( pchHome[0] != '\0' ) )
+	{
+		return pchHome;
+	}
+
+	//
+	// XDG_CONFIG_HOME is not defined, use ~/.config instead
+	// 
+	pchHome = getenv( "HOME" );
+	if ( pchHome == NULL )
+	{
+		return "";
+	}
+
+	std::string sUserPath( pchHome );
+	sUserPath = Path_Join( sUserPath, ".config" );
+	return sUserPath;
+#else
+	#warning "Unsupported platform"
+#endif
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Constructor
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+CVRPathRegistry_Public::CVRPathRegistry_Public()
+{
+
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Computes the registry filename
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetOpenVRConfigPath()
+{
+	std::string sConfigPath = GetAppSettingsPath();
+	if( sConfigPath.empty() )
+		return "";
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 ) || defined( LINUX )
+	sConfigPath = Path_Join( sConfigPath, "openvr" );
+#elif defined ( OSX ) 
+	sConfigPath = Path_Join( sConfigPath, ".openvr" );
+#else
+	#warning "Unsupported platform"
+#endif
+	sConfigPath = Path_FixSlashes( sConfigPath );
+	return sConfigPath;
+}
+
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetVRPathRegistryFilename()
+{
+	std::string sOverridePath = GetEnvironmentVariable( "VR_PATHREG_OVERRIDE" );
+	if ( !sOverridePath.empty() )
+		return sOverridePath;
+
+	std::string sPath = GetOpenVRConfigPath();
+	if ( sPath.empty() )
+		return "";
+
+#if defined( _WIN32 )
+	sPath = Path_Join( sPath, "openvrpaths.vrpath" );
+#elif defined ( POSIX ) 
+	sPath = Path_Join( sPath, "openvrpaths.vrpath" );
+#else
+	#error "Unsupported platform"
+#endif
+	sPath = Path_FixSlashes( sPath );
+	return sPath;
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Converts JSON to a history array
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void ParseStringListFromJson( std::vector< std::string > *pvecHistory, const Json::Value & root, const char *pchArrayName )
+{
+	if( !root.isMember( pchArrayName ) )
+		return;
+
+	const Json::Value & arrayNode = root[ pchArrayName ];
+	if( !arrayNode )
+	{
+		VRLog( "VR Path Registry node %s is not an array\n", pchArrayName );
+		return;
+	}
+
+	pvecHistory->clear();
+	pvecHistory->reserve( arrayNode.size() );
+	for( uint32_t unIndex = 0; unIndex < arrayNode.size(); unIndex++ )
+	{
+		std::string sPath( arrayNode[ unIndex ].asString() );
+		pvecHistory->push_back( sPath );
+	}
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Converts a history array to JSON
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+static void StringListToJson( const std::vector< std::string > & vecHistory, Json::Value & root, const char *pchArrayName )
+{
+	Json::Value & arrayNode = root[ pchArrayName ];
+	for( auto i = vecHistory.begin(); i != vecHistory.end(); i++ )
+	{
+		arrayNode.append( *i );
+	}
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose:
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool CVRPathRegistry_Public::ToJsonString( std::string &sJsonString )
+{
+	std::string sRegPath = GetVRPathRegistryFilename();
+	if( sRegPath.empty() )
+		return false;
+	
+	std::string sRegistryContents = Path_ReadTextFile( sRegPath );
+	if( sRegistryContents.empty() )
+		return false;
+
+	sJsonString = sRegistryContents;
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Loads the config file from its well known location
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool CVRPathRegistry_Public::BLoadFromFile( std::string *psLoadError )
+{
+	std::string sRegPath = GetVRPathRegistryFilename();
+	if( sRegPath.empty() )
+	{
+		if ( psLoadError )
+		{
+			*psLoadError = "Unable to determine VR Path Registry filename";
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	std::string sRegistryContents = Path_ReadTextFile( sRegPath );
+	if( sRegistryContents.empty() )
+	{
+		if ( psLoadError )
+		{
+			*psLoadError = "Unable to read VR Path Registry from " + sRegPath;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	Json::Value root;
+	Json::CharReaderBuilder builder;
+	std::istringstream istream( sRegistryContents );
+	std::string sErrors;
+
+	try {
+		if ( !parseFromStream( builder, istream, &root, &sErrors ) )
+		{
+			if ( psLoadError )
+			{
+				*psLoadError = "Unable to parse " + sRegPath + ": " + sErrors;
+			}
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		ParseStringListFromJson( &m_vecRuntimePath, root, "runtime" );
+		ParseStringListFromJson( &m_vecConfigPath, root, "config" );
+		ParseStringListFromJson( &m_vecLogPath, root, "log" );
+		if ( root.isMember( "external_drivers" ) && root["external_drivers"].isArray() )
+		{
+			ParseStringListFromJson( &m_vecExternalDrivers, root, "external_drivers" );
+		}
+	}
+	catch ( ... )
+	{
+		if ( psLoadError )
+		{
+			*psLoadError = "Unable to parse " + sRegPath + ": exception thrown in JSON library";
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Saves the config file to its well known location
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool CVRPathRegistry_Public::BSaveToFile() const
+{
+	std::string sRegPath = GetVRPathRegistryFilename();
+	if( sRegPath.empty() )
+		return false;
+	
+	Json::Value root;
+	
+	root[ "version" ] = 1;
+	root[ "jsonid" ] = "vrpathreg";
+
+	StringListToJson( m_vecRuntimePath, root, "runtime" );
+	StringListToJson( m_vecConfigPath, root, "config" );
+	StringListToJson( m_vecLogPath, root, "log" );
+	StringListToJson( m_vecExternalDrivers, root, "external_drivers" );
+
+	Json::StreamWriterBuilder builder;
+	std::string sRegistryContents = Json::writeString( builder, root );
+
+	// make sure the directory we're writing into actually exists
+	std::string sRegDirectory = Path_StripFilename( sRegPath );
+	if( !BCreateDirectoryRecursive( sRegDirectory.c_str() ) )
+	{
+		VRLog( "Unable to create path registry directory %s\n", sRegDirectory.c_str() );
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	if( !Path_WriteStringToTextFile( sRegPath, sRegistryContents.c_str() ) )
+	{
+		VRLog( "Unable to write VR path registry to %s\n", sRegPath.c_str() );
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns the current runtime path or NULL if no path is configured.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetRuntimePath() const
+{
+	if( m_vecRuntimePath.empty() )
+		return "";
+	else
+		return m_vecRuntimePath.front().c_str();
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns the current config path or NULL if no path is configured.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetConfigPath() const
+{
+	if( m_vecConfigPath.empty() )
+		return "";
+	else
+		return m_vecConfigPath.front().c_str();
+}
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns the current log path or NULL if no path is configured.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+std::string CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetLogPath() const
+{
+	if( m_vecLogPath.empty() )
+		return "";
+	else
+		return m_vecLogPath.front().c_str();
+}
+
+
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Purpose: Returns paths using the path registry and the provided override 
+//			values. Pass NULL for any paths you don't care about.
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetPaths( std::string *psRuntimePath, std::string *psConfigPath, std::string *psLogPath, const char *pchConfigPathOverride, const char *pchLogPathOverride, std::vector<std::string> *pvecExternalDrivers )
+{
+	std::string sLoadError;
+	CVRPathRegistry_Public pathReg;
+	bool bLoadedRegistry = pathReg.BLoadFromFile( &sLoadError );
+	int nCountEnvironmentVariables = 0;
+	int nRequestedPaths = 0;
+
+	if( psRuntimePath )
+	{
+		nRequestedPaths++;
+		if ( GetEnvironmentVariable( k_pchRuntimeOverrideVar ).length() != 0 )
+		{
+			*psRuntimePath = GetEnvironmentVariable( k_pchRuntimeOverrideVar );
+			nCountEnvironmentVariables++;
+		}
+		else if( !pathReg.GetRuntimePath().empty() )
+		{
+			*psRuntimePath = pathReg.GetRuntimePath();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			*psRuntimePath = "";
+		}
+	}
+
+	if( psConfigPath )
+	{
+		nRequestedPaths++;
+		if ( GetEnvironmentVariable( k_pchConfigOverrideVar ).length() != 0 )
+		{
+			*psConfigPath = GetEnvironmentVariable( k_pchConfigOverrideVar );
+			nCountEnvironmentVariables++;
+		}
+		else if( pchConfigPathOverride )
+		{
+			*psConfigPath = pchConfigPathOverride;
+		}
+		else if( !pathReg.GetConfigPath().empty() )
+		{
+			*psConfigPath = pathReg.GetConfigPath();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			*psConfigPath = "";
+		}
+	}
+
+	if( psLogPath )
+	{
+		nRequestedPaths++;
+		if ( GetEnvironmentVariable( k_pchLogOverrideVar ).length() != 0 )
+		{
+			*psLogPath = GetEnvironmentVariable( k_pchLogOverrideVar );
+			nCountEnvironmentVariables++;
+		}
+		else if( pchLogPathOverride )
+		{
+			*psLogPath = pchLogPathOverride;
+		}
+		else if( !pathReg.GetLogPath().empty() )
+		{
+			*psLogPath = pathReg.GetLogPath();
+		}
+		else
+		{
+			*psLogPath = "";
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ( pvecExternalDrivers )
+	{
+		*pvecExternalDrivers = pathReg.m_vecExternalDrivers;
+	}
+
+	if ( nCountEnvironmentVariables == nRequestedPaths )
+	{
+		// all three environment variables were set, so we don't need the physical file
+		return true;
+	}
+	else if( !bLoadedRegistry )
+	{
+		VRLog( "%s\n", sLoadError.c_str() );
+	}
+
+	return bLoadedRegistry;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+uint32_t CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetSteamAppId()
+{
+#if !defined( REL_BRANCH_ONLY )
+	uint32_t nSteamAppId = k_unSteamVRMainAppId;
+#else
+	uint32_t nSteamAppId = k_unSteamVRAppId;
+#endif
+
+	return nSteamAppId;
+}
+
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+bool CVRPathRegistry_Public::IsSteamVRMain()
+{
+#if defined( REL_BRANCH_ONLY )
+	return false;
+#else
+	return true;
+#endif
+}
+
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+uint32_t CVRPathRegistry_Public::InitSteamAppId()
+{
+	uint32_t nSteamAppId = CVRPathRegistry_Public::GetSteamAppId();
+
+	// Forcefully setting to what it should be before SteamAPI_Init() since SteamVR is more often
+	// started as child processes of the game app and otherwise Steam then considers us as the
+	// wrong app id.
+	SetEnvironmentVariable( "SteamAppId", std::to_string( nSteamAppId ).c_str() );
+	SetEnvironmentVariable( "SteamGameId", std::to_string( nSteamAppId ).c_str() );
+
+	return nSteamAppId;
+}
+
diff --git a/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.h b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6563286
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/openvr/src/vrcommon/vrpathregistry_public.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+//========= Copyright Valve Corporation ============//
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+static const char *k_pchRuntimeOverrideVar = "VR_OVERRIDE";
+static const char *k_pchConfigOverrideVar = "VR_CONFIG_PATH";
+static const char *k_pchLogOverrideVar = "VR_LOG_PATH";
+
+static const uint32_t k_unSteamVRAppId = 250820;
+static const uint32_t k_unSteamVRMainAppId = 330050;
+
+
+class CVRPathRegistry_Public
+{
+public:
+	static std::string GetVRPathRegistryFilename();
+	static std::string GetOpenVRConfigPath();
+	static uint32_t GetSteamAppId();
+	static bool IsSteamVRMain();
+	static uint32_t InitSteamAppId();
+
+public:
+	CVRPathRegistry_Public();
+
+	/** Returns paths using the path registry and the provided override values. Pass NULL for any paths you don't care about. 
+	* Returns false if the path registry could not be read. Valid paths might still be returned based on environment variables. */
+	static bool GetPaths( std::string *psRuntimePath, std::string *psConfigPath, std::string *psLogPath, const char *pchConfigPathOverride, const char *pchLogPathOverride, std::vector<std::string> *pvecExternalDrivers = NULL );
+
+	bool BLoadFromFile( std::string *psError = nullptr );
+	bool BSaveToFile() const;
+
+	bool ToJsonString( std::string &sJsonString );
+
+	// methods to get the current values
+	std::string GetRuntimePath() const;
+	std::string GetConfigPath() const;
+	std::string GetLogPath() const;
+
+protected:
+	typedef std::vector< std::string > StringVector_t;
+
+	// index 0 is the current setting
+	StringVector_t m_vecRuntimePath;
+	StringVector_t m_vecLogPath;
+	StringVector_t m_vecConfigPath;
+
+	// full list of external drivers
+	StringVector_t m_vecExternalDrivers;
+};
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/allocators.h b/external/rapidjson/allocators.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98affe0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/allocators.h
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALLOCATORS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Allocator
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Allocator
+    \brief Concept for allocating, resizing and freeing memory block.
+    
+    Note that Malloc() and Realloc() are non-static but Free() is static.
+    
+    So if an allocator need to support Free(), it needs to put its pointer in 
+    the header of memory block.
+
+\code
+concept Allocator {
+    static const bool kNeedFree;    //!< Whether this allocator needs to call Free().
+
+    // Allocate a memory block.
+    // \param size of the memory block in bytes.
+    // \returns pointer to the memory block.
+    void* Malloc(size_t size);
+
+    // Resize a memory block.
+    // \param originalPtr The pointer to current memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    // \param originalSize The current size in bytes. (Design issue: since some allocator may not book-keep this, explicitly pass to it can save memory.)
+    // \param newSize the new size in bytes.
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize);
+
+    // Free a memory block.
+    // \param pointer to the memory block. Null pointer is permitted.
+    static void Free(void *ptr);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// CrtAllocator
+
+//! C-runtime library allocator.
+/*! This class is just wrapper for standard C library memory routines.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+class CrtAllocator {
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = true;
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) { 
+        if (size) //  behavior of malloc(0) is implementation defined.
+            return std::malloc(size);
+        else
+            return NULL; // standardize to returning NULL.
+    }
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        (void)originalSize;
+        if (newSize == 0) {
+            std::free(originalPtr);
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return std::realloc(originalPtr, newSize);
+    }
+    static void Free(void *ptr) { std::free(ptr); }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// MemoryPoolAllocator
+
+//! Default memory allocator used by the parser and DOM.
+/*! This allocator allocate memory blocks from pre-allocated memory chunks. 
+
+    It does not free memory blocks. And Realloc() only allocate new memory.
+
+    The memory chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator, which is CrtAllocator by default.
+
+    User may also supply a buffer as the first chunk.
+
+    If the user-buffer is full then additional chunks are allocated by BaseAllocator.
+
+    The user-buffer is not deallocated by this allocator.
+
+    \tparam BaseAllocator the allocator type for allocating memory chunks. Default is CrtAllocator.
+    \note implements Allocator concept
+*/
+template <typename BaseAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class MemoryPoolAllocator {
+public:
+    static const bool kNeedFree = false;    //!< Tell users that no need to call Free() with this allocator. (concept Allocator)
+
+    //! Constructor with chunkSize.
+    /*! \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) : 
+        chunkHead_(0), chunk_capacity_(chunkSize), userBuffer_(0), baseAllocator_(baseAllocator), ownBaseAllocator_(0)
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with user-supplied buffer.
+    /*! The user buffer will be used firstly. When it is full, memory pool allocates new chunk with chunk size.
+
+        The user buffer will not be deallocated when this allocator is destructed.
+
+        \param buffer User supplied buffer.
+        \param size Size of the buffer in bytes. It must at least larger than sizeof(ChunkHeader).
+        \param chunkSize The size of memory chunk. The default is kDefaultChunkSize.
+        \param baseAllocator The allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    */
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(void *buffer, size_t size, size_t chunkSize = kDefaultChunkCapacity, BaseAllocator* baseAllocator = 0) :
+        chunkHead_(0), chunk_capacity_(chunkSize), userBuffer_(buffer), baseAllocator_(baseAllocator), ownBaseAllocator_(0)
+    {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(buffer != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(size > sizeof(ChunkHeader));
+        chunkHead_ = reinterpret_cast<ChunkHeader*>(buffer);
+        chunkHead_->capacity = size - sizeof(ChunkHeader);
+        chunkHead_->size = 0;
+        chunkHead_->next = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! This deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the user-supplied buffer.
+    */
+    ~MemoryPoolAllocator() {
+        Clear();
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownBaseAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Deallocates all memory chunks, excluding the user-supplied buffer.
+    void Clear() {
+        while (chunkHead_ && chunkHead_ != userBuffer_) {
+            ChunkHeader* next = chunkHead_->next;
+            baseAllocator_->Free(chunkHead_);
+            chunkHead_ = next;
+        }
+        if (chunkHead_ && chunkHead_ == userBuffer_)
+            chunkHead_->size = 0; // Clear user buffer
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the total capacity of allocated memory chunks.
+    /*! \return total capacity in bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Capacity() const {
+        size_t capacity = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = chunkHead_; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            capacity += c->capacity;
+        return capacity;
+    }
+
+    //! Computes the memory blocks allocated.
+    /*! \return total used bytes.
+    */
+    size_t Size() const {
+        size_t size = 0;
+        for (ChunkHeader* c = chunkHead_; c != 0; c = c->next)
+            size += c->size;
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    //! Allocates a memory block. (concept Allocator)
+    void* Malloc(size_t size) {
+        if (!size)
+            return NULL;
+
+        size = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(size);
+        if (chunkHead_ == 0 || chunkHead_->size + size > chunkHead_->capacity)
+            if (!AddChunk(chunk_capacity_ > size ? chunk_capacity_ : size))
+                return NULL;
+
+        void *buffer = reinterpret_cast<char *>(chunkHead_) + RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader)) + chunkHead_->size;
+        chunkHead_->size += size;
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    //! Resizes a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    void* Realloc(void* originalPtr, size_t originalSize, size_t newSize) {
+        if (originalPtr == 0)
+            return Malloc(newSize);
+
+        if (newSize == 0)
+            return NULL;
+
+        originalSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(originalSize);
+        newSize = RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(newSize);
+
+        // Do not shrink if new size is smaller than original
+        if (originalSize >= newSize)
+            return originalPtr;
+
+        // Simply expand it if it is the last allocation and there is sufficient space
+        if (originalPtr == reinterpret_cast<char *>(chunkHead_) + RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader)) + chunkHead_->size - originalSize) {
+            size_t increment = static_cast<size_t>(newSize - originalSize);
+            if (chunkHead_->size + increment <= chunkHead_->capacity) {
+                chunkHead_->size += increment;
+                return originalPtr;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Realloc process: allocate and copy memory, do not free original buffer.
+        if (void* newBuffer = Malloc(newSize)) {
+            if (originalSize)
+                std::memcpy(newBuffer, originalPtr, originalSize);
+            return newBuffer;
+        }
+        else
+            return NULL;
+    }
+
+    //! Frees a memory block (concept Allocator)
+    static void Free(void *ptr) { (void)ptr; } // Do nothing
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    MemoryPoolAllocator(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) /* = delete */;
+    //! Copy assignment operator is not permitted.
+    MemoryPoolAllocator& operator=(const MemoryPoolAllocator& rhs) /* = delete */;
+
+    //! Creates a new chunk.
+    /*! \param capacity Capacity of the chunk in bytes.
+        \return true if success.
+    */
+    bool AddChunk(size_t capacity) {
+        if (!baseAllocator_)
+            ownBaseAllocator_ = baseAllocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(BaseAllocator());
+        if (ChunkHeader* chunk = reinterpret_cast<ChunkHeader*>(baseAllocator_->Malloc(RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(sizeof(ChunkHeader)) + capacity))) {
+            chunk->capacity = capacity;
+            chunk->size = 0;
+            chunk->next = chunkHead_;
+            chunkHead_ =  chunk;
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    static const int kDefaultChunkCapacity = 64 * 1024; //!< Default chunk capacity.
+
+    //! Chunk header for perpending to each chunk.
+    /*! Chunks are stored as a singly linked list.
+    */
+    struct ChunkHeader {
+        size_t capacity;    //!< Capacity of the chunk in bytes (excluding the header itself).
+        size_t size;        //!< Current size of allocated memory in bytes.
+        ChunkHeader *next;  //!< Next chunk in the linked list.
+    };
+
+    ChunkHeader *chunkHead_;    //!< Head of the chunk linked-list. Only the head chunk serves allocation.
+    size_t chunk_capacity_;     //!< The minimum capacity of chunk when they are allocated.
+    void *userBuffer_;          //!< User supplied buffer.
+    BaseAllocator* baseAllocator_;  //!< base allocator for allocating memory chunks.
+    BaseAllocator* ownBaseAllocator_;   //!< base allocator created by this object.
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/document.h b/external/rapidjson/document.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b17fd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/document.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2582 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
+
+/*! \file document.h */
+
+#include "reader.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+#include "encodedstream.h"
+#include <new>      // placement new
+#include <limits>
+
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from kXxxFlags to 'uint16_t', possible loss of data
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#if __GNUC__ >= 6
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(terminate) // ignore throwing RAPIDJSON_ASSERT in RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT functions
+#endif
+#endif // __GNUC__
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+#include <iterator> // std::iterator, std::random_access_iterator_tag
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#include <utility> // std::move
+#endif
+
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericValue;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericDocument;
+
+//! Name-value pair in a JSON object value.
+/*!
+    This class was internal to GenericValue. It used to be a inner struct.
+    But a compiler (IBM XL C/C++ for AIX) have reported to have problem with that so it moved as a namespace scope struct.
+    https://code.google.com/p/rapidjson/issues/detail?id=64
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+struct GenericMember { 
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> name;     //!< name of member (must be a string)
+    GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> value;    //!< value of member.
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericMemberIterator
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+//! (Constant) member iterator for a JSON object value
+/*!
+    \tparam Const Is this a constant iterator?
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+
+    This class implements a Random Access Iterator for GenericMember elements
+    of a GenericValue, see ISO/IEC 14882:2003(E) C++ standard, 24.1 [lib.iterator.requirements].
+
+    \note This iterator implementation is mainly intended to avoid implicit
+        conversions from iterator values to \c NULL,
+        e.g. from GenericValue::FindMember.
+
+    \note Define \c RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS to fall back to a
+        pointer-based implementation, if your platform doesn't provide
+        the C++ <iterator> header.
+
+    \see GenericMember, GenericValue::MemberIterator, GenericValue::ConstMemberIterator
+ */
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator
+    : public std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag
+        , typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator> >::Type> {
+
+    friend class GenericValue<Encoding,Allocator>;
+    template <bool, typename, typename> friend class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator> PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef std::iterator<std::random_access_iterator_tag,ValueType> BaseType;
+
+public:
+    //! Iterator type itself
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator Iterator;
+    //! Constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>  ConstIterator;
+    //! Non-constant iterator type
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> NonConstIterator;
+
+    //! Pointer to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef typename BaseType::pointer         Pointer;
+    //! Reference to (const) GenericMember
+    typedef typename BaseType::reference       Reference;
+    //! Signed integer type (e.g. \c ptrdiff_t)
+    typedef typename BaseType::difference_type DifferenceType;
+
+    //! Default constructor (singular value)
+    /*! Creates an iterator pointing to no element.
+        \note All operations, except for comparisons, are undefined on such values.
+     */
+    GenericMemberIterator() : ptr_() {}
+
+    //! Iterator conversions to more const
+    /*!
+        \param it (Non-const) iterator to copy from
+
+        Allows the creation of an iterator from another GenericMemberIterator
+        that is "less const".  Especially, creating a non-constant iterator
+        from a constant iterator are disabled:
+        \li const -> non-const (not ok)
+        \li const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> const (ok)
+        \li non-const -> non-const (ok)
+
+        \note If the \c Const template parameter is already \c false, this
+            constructor effectively defines a regular copy-constructor.
+            Otherwise, the copy constructor is implicitly defined.
+    */
+    GenericMemberIterator(const NonConstIterator & it) : ptr_(it.ptr_) {}
+    Iterator& operator=(const NonConstIterator & it) { ptr_ = it.ptr_; return *this; }
+
+    //! @name stepping
+    //@{
+    Iterator& operator++(){ ++ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator--(){ --ptr_; return *this; }
+    Iterator  operator++(int){ Iterator old(*this); ++ptr_; return old; }
+    Iterator  operator--(int){ Iterator old(*this); --ptr_; return old; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name increment/decrement
+    //@{
+    Iterator operator+(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_+n); }
+    Iterator operator-(DifferenceType n) const { return Iterator(ptr_-n); }
+
+    Iterator& operator+=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_+=n; return *this; }
+    Iterator& operator-=(DifferenceType n) { ptr_-=n; return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name relations
+    //@{
+    bool operator==(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ == that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator!=(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ != that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator<=(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ <= that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator>=(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ >= that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator< (ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ < that.ptr_; }
+    bool operator> (ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_ > that.ptr_; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! @name dereference
+    //@{
+    Reference operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+    Pointer   operator->() const { return ptr_; }
+    Reference operator[](DifferenceType n) const { return ptr_[n]; }
+    //@}
+
+    //! Distance
+    DifferenceType operator-(ConstIterator that) const { return ptr_-that.ptr_; }
+
+private:
+    //! Internal constructor from plain pointer
+    explicit GenericMemberIterator(Pointer p) : ptr_(p) {}
+
+    Pointer ptr_; //!< raw pointer
+};
+
+#else // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+// class-based member iterator implementation disabled, use plain pointers
+
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemberIterator;
+
+//! non-const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator> {
+    //! use plain pointer as iterator type
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+//! const GenericMemberIterator
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator> {
+    //! use plain const pointer as iterator type
+    typedef const GenericMember<Encoding,Allocator>* Iterator;
+};
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NOMEMBERITERATORCLASS
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericStringRef
+
+//! Reference to a constant string (not taking a copy)
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+
+    This helper class is used to automatically infer constant string
+    references for string literals, especially from \c const \b (!)
+    character arrays.
+
+    The main use is for creating JSON string values without copying the
+    source string via an \ref Allocator.  This requires that the referenced
+    string pointers have a sufficient lifetime, which exceeds the lifetime
+    of the associated GenericValue.
+
+    \b Example
+    \code
+    Value v("foo");   // ok, no need to copy & calculate length
+    const char foo[] = "foo";
+    v.SetString(foo); // ok
+
+    const char* bar = foo;
+    // Value x(bar); // not ok, can't rely on bar's lifetime
+    Value x(StringRef(bar)); // lifetime explicitly guaranteed by user
+    Value y(StringRef(bar, 3));  // ok, explicitly pass length
+    \endcode
+
+    \see StringRef, GenericValue::SetString
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct GenericStringRef {
+    typedef CharType Ch; //!< character type of the string
+
+    //! Create string reference from \c const character array
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor implicitly creates a constant string reference from
+        a \c const character array.  It has better performance than
+        \ref StringRef(const CharType*) by inferring the string \ref length
+        from the array length, and also supports strings containing null
+        characters.
+
+        \tparam N length of the string, automatically inferred
+
+        \param str Constant character array, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType (&str)[N]) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : s(str), length(N-1) {}
+
+    //! Explicitly create string reference from \c const character pointer
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        This constructor can be used to \b explicitly  create a reference to
+        a constant string pointer.
+
+        \see StringRef(const CharType*)
+
+        \param str Constant character pointer, lifetime assumed to be longer
+            than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+
+        \post \ref s == str
+
+        \note There is a hidden, private overload to disallow references to
+            non-const character arrays to be created via this constructor.
+            By this, e.g. function-scope arrays used to be filled via
+            \c snprintf are excluded from consideration.
+            In such cases, the referenced string should be \b copied to the
+            GenericValue instead.
+     */
+#endif
+    explicit GenericStringRef(const CharType* str)
+        : s(str), length(internal::StrLen(str)){ RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s != 0); }
+
+    //! Create constant string reference from pointer and length
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \param str constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+        \param len length of the string, excluding the trailing NULL terminator
+
+        \post \ref s == str && \ref length == len
+        \note Constant complexity.
+     */
+#endif
+    GenericStringRef(const CharType* str, SizeType len)
+        : s(str), length(len) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s != 0); }
+
+    GenericStringRef(const GenericStringRef& rhs) : s(rhs.s), length(rhs.length) {}
+
+    //! implicit conversion to plain CharType pointer
+    operator const Ch *() const { return s; }
+
+    const Ch* const s; //!< plain CharType pointer
+    const SizeType length; //!< length of the string (excluding the trailing NULL terminator)
+
+private:
+    //! Disallow construction from non-const array
+    template<SizeType N>
+    GenericStringRef(CharType (&str)[N]) /* = delete */;
+    //! Copy assignment operator not permitted - immutable type
+    GenericStringRef& operator=(const GenericStringRef& rhs) /* = delete */;
+};
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+    \tparam CharType Character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+
+    \see GenericValue::GenericValue(StringRefType), GenericValue::operator=(StringRefType), GenericValue::SetString(StringRefType), GenericValue::PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&), GenericValue::AddMember
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str, internal::StrLen(str));
+}
+
+//! Mark a character pointer as constant string
+/*! Mark a plain character pointer as a "string literal".  This function
+    can be used to avoid copying a character string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    This version has better performance with supplied length, and also
+    supports string containing null characters.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \param length The length of source string.
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const CharType* str, size_t length) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str, SizeType(length));
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+//! Mark a string object as constant string
+/*! Mark a string object (e.g. \c std::string) as a "string literal".
+    This function can be used to avoid copying a string to be referenced as a
+    value in a JSON GenericValue object, if the string's lifetime is known
+    to be valid long enough.
+
+    \tparam CharType character type of the string
+    \param str Constant string, lifetime assumed to be longer than the use of the string in e.g. a GenericValue
+    \return GenericStringRef string reference object
+    \relatesalso GenericStringRef
+    \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+inline GenericStringRef<CharType> StringRef(const std::basic_string<CharType>& str) {
+    return GenericStringRef<CharType>(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+}
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue type traits
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename T, typename Encoding = void, typename Allocator = void>
+struct IsGenericValueImpl : FalseType {};
+
+// select candidates according to nested encoding and allocator types
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValueImpl<T, typename Void<typename T::EncodingType>::Type, typename Void<typename T::AllocatorType>::Type>
+    : IsBaseOf<GenericValue<typename T::EncodingType, typename T::AllocatorType>, T>::Type {};
+
+// helper to match arbitrary GenericValue instantiations, including derived classes
+template <typename T> struct IsGenericValue : IsGenericValueImpl<T>::Type {};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// TypeHelper
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename T>
+struct TypeHelper {};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, bool> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsBool(); }
+    static bool Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetBool(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, bool data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetBool(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt(); }
+    static int Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, unsigned> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint(); }
+    static unsigned Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, unsigned data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, int64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsInt64(); }
+    static int64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetInt64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, int64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetInt64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, uint64_t> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsUint64(); }
+    static uint64_t Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetUint64(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, uint64_t data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetUint64(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, double> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsDouble(); }
+    static double Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetDouble(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, double data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetDouble(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, float> {
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsFloat(); }
+    static float Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetFloat(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, float data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v.SetFloat(data); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, const typename ValueType::Ch*> {
+    typedef const typename ValueType::Ch* StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetString(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data) { return v.SetString(typename ValueType::StringRefType(data)); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> > {
+    typedef std::basic_string<typename ValueType::Ch> StringType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsString(); }
+    static StringType Get(const ValueType& v) { return StringType(v.GetString(), v.GetStringLength()); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, const StringType& data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& a) { return v.SetString(data, a); }
+};
+#endif
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Array> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Array ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ArrayType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { return v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstArray> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstArray ArrayType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsArray(); }
+    static ArrayType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetArray(); }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::Object> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::Object ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data) { return v = data; }
+    static ValueType& Set(ValueType& v, ObjectType data, typename ValueType::AllocatorType&) { v = data; }
+};
+
+template<typename ValueType> 
+struct TypeHelper<ValueType, typename ValueType::ConstObject> {
+    typedef typename ValueType::ConstObject ObjectType;
+    static bool Is(const ValueType& v) { return v.IsObject(); }
+    static ObjectType Get(const ValueType& v) { return v.GetObject(); }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+// Forward declarations
+template <bool, typename> class GenericArray;
+template <bool, typename> class GenericObject;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericValue
+
+//! Represents a JSON value. Use Value for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*!
+    A JSON value can be one of 7 types. This class is a variant type supporting
+    these types.
+
+    Use the Value if UTF8 and default allocator
+
+    \tparam Encoding    Encoding of the value. (Even non-string values need to have the same encoding in a document)
+    \tparam Allocator   Allocator type for allocating memory of object, array and string.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = MemoryPoolAllocator<> > 
+class GenericValue {
+public:
+    //! Name-value pair in an object.
+    typedef GenericMember<Encoding, Allocator> Member;
+    typedef Encoding EncodingType;                  //!< Encoding type from template parameter.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;               //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericStringRef<Ch> StringRefType;     //!< Reference to a constant string
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<false,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator MemberIterator;  //!< Member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef typename GenericMemberIterator<true,Encoding,Allocator>::Iterator ConstMemberIterator;  //!< Constant member iterator for iterating in object.
+    typedef GenericValue* ValueIterator;            //!< Value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef const GenericValue* ConstValueIterator; //!< Constant value iterator for iterating in array.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of itself.
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueType> Array;
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueType> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueType> Object;
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueType> ConstObject;
+
+    //!@name Constructors and destructor.
+    //@{
+
+    //! Default constructor creates a null value.
+    GenericValue() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericValue(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(rhs.data_) {
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag; // give up contents
+    }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    //! Copy constructor is not permitted.
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue& rhs);
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Moving from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+
+    //! Move assignment from a GenericDocument is not permitted.
+    template <typename StackAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator,StackAllocator>&& rhs);
+#endif
+
+public:
+
+    //! Constructor with JSON value type.
+    /*! This creates a Value of specified type with default content.
+        \param type Type of the value.
+        \note Default content for number is zero.
+    */
+    explicit GenericValue(Type type) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        static const uint16_t defaultFlags[7] = {
+            kNullFlag, kFalseFlag, kTrueFlag, kObjectFlag, kArrayFlag, kShortStringFlag,
+            kNumberAnyFlag
+        };
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type <= kNumberType);
+        data_.f.flags = defaultFlags[type];
+
+        // Use ShortString to store empty string.
+        if (type == kStringType)
+            data_.ss.SetLength(0);
+    }
+
+    //! Explicit copy constructor (with allocator)
+    /*! Creates a copy of a Value by using the given Allocator
+        \tparam SourceAllocator allocator of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied elements and buffers. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \see CopyFrom()
+    */
+    template< typename SourceAllocator >
+    GenericValue(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator & allocator);
+
+    //! Constructor for boolean value.
+    /*! \param b Boolean value
+        \note This constructor is limited to \em real boolean values and rejects
+            implicitly converted types like arbitrary pointers.  Use an explicit cast
+            to \c bool, if you want to construct a boolean JSON value in such cases.
+     */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING // hide SFINAE from Doxygen
+    template <typename T>
+    explicit GenericValue(T b, RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF((internal::IsSame<bool, T>))) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT  // See #472
+#else
+    explicit GenericValue(bool b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+#endif
+        : data_() {
+            // safe-guard against failing SFINAE
+            RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT((internal::IsSame<bool,T>::Value));
+            data_.f.flags = b ? kTrueFlag : kFalseFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int i) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i;
+        data_.f.flags = (i >= 0) ? (kNumberIntFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag) : kNumberIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for unsigned value.
+    explicit GenericValue(unsigned u) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u; 
+        data_.f.flags = (u & 0x80000000) ? kNumberUintFlag : (kNumberUintFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag);
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for int64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(int64_t i64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.i64 = i64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberInt64Flag;
+        if (i64 >= 0) {
+            data_.f.flags |= kNumberUint64Flag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+            if (!(static_cast<uint64_t>(i64) & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+                data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+        }
+        else if (i64 >= static_cast<int64_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for uint64_t value.
+    explicit GenericValue(uint64_t u64) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() {
+        data_.n.u64 = u64;
+        data_.f.flags = kNumberUint64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80000000, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kInt64Flag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x00000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kUintFlag;
+        if (!(u64 & RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000)))
+            data_.f.flags |= kIntFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for double value.
+    explicit GenericValue(double d) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { data_.n.d = d; data_.f.flags = kNumberDoubleFlag; }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Constructor for constant string (i.e. do not make a copy of string)
+    explicit GenericValue(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_() { SetStringRaw(s); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length), allocator); }
+
+    //! Constructor for copy-string (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    GenericValue(const Ch*s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Constructor for copy-string from a string object (i.e. do make a copy of string)
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    GenericValue(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) : data_() { SetStringRaw(StringRef(s), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructor for Array.
+    /*!
+        \param a An array obtained by \c GetArray().
+        \note \c Array is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source array is moved into this value and the sourec array becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Array a) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(a.value_.data_) {
+        a.value_.data_ = Data();
+        a.value_.data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor for Object.
+    /*!
+        \param o An object obtained by \c GetObject().
+        \note \c Object is always pass-by-value.
+        \note the source object is moved into this value and the sourec object becomes empty.
+    */
+    GenericValue(Object o) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT : data_(o.value_.data_) {
+        o.value_.data_ = Data();
+        o.value_.data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    /*! Need to destruct elements of array, members of object, or copy-string.
+    */
+    ~GenericValue() {
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree) { // Shortcut by Allocator's trait
+            switch(data_.f.flags) {
+            case kArrayFlag:
+                {
+                    GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+                    for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+                        v->~GenericValue();
+                    Allocator::Free(e);
+                }
+                break;
+
+            case kObjectFlag:
+                for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+                    m->~Member();
+                Allocator::Free(GetMembersPointer());
+                break;
+
+            case kCopyStringFlag:
+                Allocator::Free(const_cast<Ch*>(GetStringPointer()));
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                break;  // Do nothing for other types.
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Assignment operators
+    //@{
+
+    //! Assignment with move semantics.
+    /*! \param rhs Source of the assignment. It will become a null value after assignment.
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(this != &rhs);
+        this->~GenericValue();
+        RawAssign(rhs);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericValue& operator=(GenericValue&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        return *this = rhs.Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Assignment of constant string reference (no copy)
+    /*! \param str Constant string reference to be assigned
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type assignment overload below.
+        \see GenericStringRef, operator=(T)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator=(StringRefType str) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue s(str);
+        return *this = s;
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment with primitive types.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value The value to be assigned.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref SetString(const Ch*, Allocator&) (for copying) or
+            \ref StringRef() (to explicitly mark the pointer as constant) instead.
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use \ref SetBool() instead.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsPointer<T>), (GenericValue&))
+    operator=(T value) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return *this = v;
+    }
+
+    //! Deep-copy assignment from Value
+    /*! Assigns a \b copy of the Value to the current Value object
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator type of \c rhs
+        \param rhs Value to copy from (read-only)
+        \param allocator Allocator to use for copying
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& CopyFrom(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(static_cast<void*>(this) != static_cast<void const*>(&rhs));
+        this->~GenericValue();
+        new (this) GenericValue(rhs, allocator);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this value with those of other.
+    /*!
+        \param other Another value.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Swap(GenericValue& other) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        GenericValue temp;
+        temp.RawAssign(*this);
+        RawAssign(other);
+        other.RawAssign(temp);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.value, b.value);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericValue& a, GenericValue& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Prepare Value for move semantics
+    /*! \return *this */
+    GenericValue& Move() RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { return *this; }
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Equal-to and not-equal-to operators
+    //@{
+    //! Equal-to operator
+    /*!
+        \note If an object contains duplicated named member, comparing equality with any object is always \c false.
+        \note Linear time complexity (number of all values in the subtree and total lengths of all strings).
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator==(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        typedef GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator> RhsType;
+        if (GetType() != rhs.GetType())
+            return false;
+
+        switch (GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType: // Warning: O(n^2) inner-loop
+            if (data_.o.size != rhs.data_.o.size)
+                return false;           
+            for (ConstMemberIterator lhsMemberItr = MemberBegin(); lhsMemberItr != MemberEnd(); ++lhsMemberItr) {
+                typename RhsType::ConstMemberIterator rhsMemberItr = rhs.FindMember(lhsMemberItr->name);
+                if (rhsMemberItr == rhs.MemberEnd() || lhsMemberItr->value != rhsMemberItr->value)
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return true;
+            
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (data_.a.size != rhs.data_.a.size)
+                return false;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < data_.a.size; i++)
+                if ((*this)[i] != rhs[i])
+                    return false;
+            return true;
+
+        case kStringType:
+            return StringEqual(rhs);
+
+        case kNumberType:
+            if (IsDouble() || rhs.IsDouble()) {
+                double a = GetDouble();     // May convert from integer to double.
+                double b = rhs.GetDouble(); // Ditto
+                return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+            }
+            else
+                return data_.n.u64 == rhs.data_.n.u64;
+
+        default:
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator==(const Ch* rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Equal-to operator with string object
+    /*! \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+     */
+    bool operator==(const std::basic_string<Ch>& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(StringRef(rhs)); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with primitive types
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c true, \c false
+    */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>,internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (bool)) operator==(const T& rhs) const { return *this == GenericValue(rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool operator!=(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with const C-string pointer
+    bool operator!=(const Ch* rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Not-equal-to operator with arbitrary types
+    /*! \return !(*this == rhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //! Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return (rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator==(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return rhs == lhs; }
+
+    //! Not-Equal-to operator with arbitrary types (symmetric version)
+    /*! \return !(rhs == lhs)
+     */
+    template <typename T> friend RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::IsGenericValue<T>), (bool)) operator!=(const T& lhs, const GenericValue& rhs) { return !(rhs == lhs); }
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Type
+    //@{
+
+    Type GetType()  const { return static_cast<Type>(data_.f.flags & kTypeMask); }
+    bool IsNull()   const { return data_.f.flags == kNullFlag; }
+    bool IsFalse()  const { return data_.f.flags == kFalseFlag; }
+    bool IsTrue()   const { return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    bool IsBool()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kBoolFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsObject() const { return data_.f.flags == kObjectFlag; }
+    bool IsArray()  const { return data_.f.flags == kArrayFlag; }
+    bool IsNumber() const { return (data_.f.flags & kNumberFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt()    const { return (data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint()   const { return (data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsInt64()  const { return (data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsUint64() const { return (data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0; }
+    bool IsDouble() const { return (data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0; }
+    bool IsString() const { return (data_.f.flags & kStringFlag) != 0; }
+
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a double.
+    bool IsLosslessDouble() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        if (IsUint64()) {
+            uint64_t u = GetUint64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(u);
+            return (d >= 0.0)
+                && (d < static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<uint64_t>::max()))
+                && (u == static_cast<uint64_t>(d));
+        }
+        if (IsInt64()) {
+            int64_t i = GetInt64();
+            volatile double d = static_cast<double>(i);
+            return (d >= static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::min()))
+                && (d < static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max()))
+                && (i == static_cast<int64_t>(d));
+        }
+        return true; // double, int, uint are always lossless
+    }
+
+    // Checks whether a number is a float (possible lossy).
+    bool IsFloat() const  {
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) == 0)
+            return false;
+        double d = GetDouble();
+        return d >= -3.4028234e38 && d <= 3.4028234e38;
+    }
+    // Checks whether a number can be losslessly converted to a float.
+    bool IsLosslessFloat() const {
+        if (!IsNumber()) return false;
+        double a = GetDouble();
+        if (a < static_cast<double>(-std::numeric_limits<float>::max())
+                || a > static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<float>::max()))
+            return false;
+        double b = static_cast<double>(static_cast<float>(a));
+        return a >= b && a <= b;    // Prevent -Wfloat-equal
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Null
+    //@{
+
+    GenericValue& SetNull() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Bool
+    //@{
+
+    bool GetBool() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsBool()); return data_.f.flags == kTrueFlag; }
+    //!< Set boolean value
+    /*! \post IsBool() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetBool(bool b) { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(b); return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Object
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty object.
+    /*! \post IsObject() == true */
+    GenericValue& SetObject() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kObjectType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of members in the object.
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size; }
+
+    //! Check whether the object is empty.
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return data_.o.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam T Either \c Ch or \c const \c Ch (template used for disambiguation with \ref operator[](SizeType))
+        \note In version 0.1x, if the member is not found, this function returns a null value. This makes issue 7.
+        Since 0.2, if the name is not correct, it will assert.
+        If user is unsure whether a member exists, user should use HasMember() first.
+        A better approach is to use FindMember().
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return (*this)[n];
+    }
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >),(const GenericValue&)) operator[](T* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with the name.
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true
+        \tparam SourceAllocator Allocator of the \c name value
+
+        \note Compared to \ref operator[](T*), this version is faster because it does not need a StrLen().
+        And it can also handle strings with embedded null characters.
+
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator member = FindMember(name);
+        if (member != MemberEnd())
+            return member->value;
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);    // see above note
+
+            // This will generate -Wexit-time-destructors in clang
+            // static GenericValue NullValue;
+            // return NullValue;
+
+            // Use static buffer and placement-new to prevent destruction
+            static char buffer[sizeof(GenericValue)];
+            return *new (buffer) GenericValue();
+        }
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[name]; }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Get a value from an object associated with name (string object).
+    GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return (*this)[GenericValue(StringRef(name))]; }
+#endif
+
+    //! Const member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberBegin() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! Const \em past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    ConstMemberIterator MemberEnd() const   { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstMemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+    //! Member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin()            { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer()); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end member iterator
+    /*! \pre IsObject() == true */
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd()              { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return MemberIterator(GetMembersPointer() + data_.o.size); }
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with string object.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Check whether a member exists in the object with GenericValue name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Whether a member with that name exists.
+        \note It is better to use FindMember() directly if you need the obtain the value as well.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool HasMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return FindMember(name) != MemberEnd(); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return FindMember(n);
+    }
+
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+    //! Find member by name.
+    /*!
+        This version is faster because it does not need a StrLen(). It can also handle string with null character.
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+
+        \note Earlier versions of Rapidjson returned a \c NULL pointer, in case
+            the requested member doesn't exist. For consistency with e.g.
+            \c std::map, this has been changed to MemberEnd() now.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+        MemberIterator member = MemberBegin();
+        for ( ; member != MemberEnd(); ++member)
+            if (name.StringEqual(member->name))
+                break;
+        return member;
+    }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).FindMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Find member by string object name.
+    /*!
+        \param name Member name to be searched.
+        \pre IsObject() == true
+        \return Iterator to member, if it exists.
+            Otherwise returns \ref MemberEnd().
+    */
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+    ConstMemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return FindMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c name and \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject() && name.IsString()
+        \post name.IsNull() && value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name.IsString());
+
+        ObjectData& o = data_.o;
+        if (o.size >= o.capacity) {
+            if (o.capacity == 0) {
+                o.capacity = kDefaultObjectCapacity;
+                SetMembersPointer(reinterpret_cast<Member*>(allocator.Malloc(o.capacity * sizeof(Member))));
+            }
+            else {
+                SizeType oldCapacity = o.capacity;
+                o.capacity += (oldCapacity + 1) / 2; // grow by factor 1.5
+                SetMembersPointer(reinterpret_cast<Member*>(allocator.Realloc(GetMembersPointer(), oldCapacity * sizeof(Member), o.capacity * sizeof(Member))));
+            }
+        }
+        Member* members = GetMembersPointer();
+        members[o.size].name.RawAssign(name);
+        members[o.size].value.RawAssign(value);
+        o.size++;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Add a string object as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(GenericValue&,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value, allocator);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A string value as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(GenericValue& name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue&& name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(GenericValue& name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return AddMember(name, value, allocator);
+    }
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+
+    //! Add a member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of any type.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this object on success.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \post value.IsNull()
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add a constant string value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value constant string reference as value of member.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+        \note This overload is needed to avoid clashes with the generic primitive type AddMember(StringRefType,T,Allocator&) overload below.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return AddMember(name, v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Add any primitive value as member (name-value pair) to the object.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param name A constant string reference as name of member.
+        \param value Value of primitive type \c T as value of member
+        \param allocator Allocator for reallocating memory. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \pre  IsObject()
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref AddMember(StringRefType, GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            AddMember(StringRefType, StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue n(name);
+        return AddMember(n, value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove all members in the object.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the object, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void RemoveAllMembers() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); 
+        for (MemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m)
+            m->~Member();
+        data_.o.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return RemoveMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return RemoveMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            RemoveMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member in object by iterator.
+    /*! \param m member iterator (obtained by FindMember() or MemberBegin()).
+        \return the new iterator after removal.
+        \note This function may reorder the object members. Use \ref
+            EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator) if you need to preserve the
+            relative order of the remaining members.
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m >= MemberBegin() && m < MemberEnd());
+
+        MemberIterator last(GetMembersPointer() + (data_.o.size - 1));
+        if (data_.o.size > 1 && m != last)
+            *m = *last; // Move the last one to this place
+        else
+            m->~Member(); // Only one left, just destroy
+        --data_.o.size;
+        return m;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove a member from an object by iterator.
+    /*! \param pos iterator to the member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c pos < \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element.
+            If the iterator \c pos refers to the last element, the \ref MemberEnd() iterator is returned.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members. If you do not need this, use the more efficient \ref RemoveMember(MemberIterator).
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) {
+        return EraseMember(pos, pos +1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove members in the range [first, last) from an object.
+    /*! \param first iterator to the first member to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last member to remove
+        \pre IsObject() == true && \ref MemberBegin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref MemberEnd()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note This function preserves the relative order of the remaining object
+            members.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.o.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetMembersPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= MemberBegin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= MemberEnd());
+
+        MemberIterator pos = MemberBegin() + (first - MemberBegin());
+        for (MemberIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr)
+            itr->~Member();
+        std::memmove(&*pos, &*last, static_cast<size_t>(MemberEnd() - last) * sizeof(Member));
+        data_.o.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    //! Erase a member in object by its name.
+    /*! \param name Name of member to be removed.
+        \return Whether the member existed.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) {
+        GenericValue n(StringRef(name));
+        return EraseMember(n);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) { return EraseMember(GenericValue(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& name) {
+        MemberIterator m = FindMember(name);
+        if (m != MemberEnd()) {
+            EraseMember(m);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    Object GetObject() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return Object(*this); }
+    ConstObject GetObject() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsObject()); return ConstObject(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set this value as an empty array.
+    /*! \post IsArray == true */
+    GenericValue& SetArray() { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(kArrayType); return *this; }
+
+    //! Get the number of elements in array.
+    SizeType Size() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size; }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of array.
+    SizeType Capacity() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.capacity; }
+
+    //! Check whether the array is empty.
+    bool Empty() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return data_.a.size == 0; }
+
+    //! Remove all elements in the array.
+    /*! This function do not deallocate memory in the array, i.e. the capacity is unchanged.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    void Clear() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); 
+        GenericValue* e = GetElementsPointer();
+        for (GenericValue* v = e; v != e + data_.a.size; ++v)
+            v->~GenericValue();
+        data_.a.size = 0;
+    }
+
+    //! Get an element from array by index.
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true
+        \param index Zero-based index of element.
+        \see operator[](T*)
+    */
+    GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < data_.a.size);
+        return GetElementsPointer()[index];
+    }
+    const GenericValue& operator[](SizeType index) const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this)[index]; }
+
+    //! Element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator Begin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer(); }
+    //! \em Past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ValueIterator End() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return GetElementsPointer() + data_.a.size; }
+    //! Constant element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator Begin() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).Begin(); }
+    //! Constant \em past-the-end element iterator
+    /*! \pre IsArray() == true */
+    ConstValueIterator End() const { return const_cast<GenericValue&>(*this).End(); }
+
+    //! Request the array to have enough capacity to store elements.
+    /*! \param newCapacity  The capacity that the array at least need to have.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, Allocator &allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (newCapacity > data_.a.capacity) {
+            SetElementsPointer(reinterpret_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Realloc(GetElementsPointer(), data_.a.capacity * sizeof(GenericValue), newCapacity * sizeof(GenericValue))));
+            data_.a.capacity = newCapacity;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Append a GenericValue at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Value to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \post value.IsNull() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note The ownership of \c value will be transferred to this array on success.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        if (data_.a.size >= data_.a.capacity)
+            Reserve(data_.a.capacity == 0 ? kDefaultArrayCapacity : (data_.a.capacity + (data_.a.capacity + 1) / 2), allocator);
+        GetElementsPointer()[data_.a.size++].RawAssign(value);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericValue& PushBack(GenericValue&& value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return PushBack(value, allocator);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+    //! Append a constant string reference at the end of the array.
+    /*! \param value        Constant string reference to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one used previously. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+        \see GenericStringRef
+    */
+    GenericValue& PushBack(StringRefType value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        return (*this).template PushBack<StringRefType>(value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Append a primitive value at the end of the array.
+    /*! \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t
+        \param value Value of primitive type T to be appended.
+        \param allocator    Allocator for reallocating memory. It must be the same one as used before. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \pre IsArray() == true
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \note If the number of elements to be appended is known, calls Reserve() once first may be more efficient.
+
+        \note The source type \c T explicitly disallows all pointer types,
+            especially (\c const) \ref Ch*.  This helps avoiding implicitly
+            referencing character strings with insufficient lifetime, use
+            \ref PushBack(GenericValue&, Allocator&) or \ref
+            PushBack(StringRefType, Allocator&).
+            All other pointer types would implicitly convert to \c bool,
+            use an explicit cast instead, if needed.
+        \note Amortized constant time complexity.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericValue&))
+    PushBack(T value, Allocator& allocator) {
+        GenericValue v(value);
+        return PushBack(v, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove the last element in the array.
+    /*!
+        \note Constant time complexity.
+    */
+    GenericValue& PopBack() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Empty());
+        GetElementsPointer()[--data_.a.size].~GenericValue();
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Remove an element of array by iterator.
+    /*!
+        \param pos iterator to the element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c pos < \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the removed element. If the iterator pos refers to the last element, the End() iterator is returned.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) {
+        return Erase(pos, pos + 1);
+    }
+
+    //! Remove elements in the range [first, last) of the array.
+    /*!
+        \param first iterator to the first element to remove
+        \param last  iterator following the last element to remove
+        \pre IsArray() == true && \ref Begin() <= \c first <= \c last <= \ref End()
+        \return Iterator following the last removed element.
+        \note Linear time complexity.
+    */
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.a.size > 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetElementsPointer() != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first >= Begin());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(first <= last);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(last <= End());
+        ValueIterator pos = Begin() + (first - Begin());
+        for (ValueIterator itr = pos; itr != last; ++itr)
+            itr->~GenericValue();       
+        std::memmove(pos, last, static_cast<size_t>(End() - last) * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        data_.a.size -= static_cast<SizeType>(last - first);
+        return pos;
+    }
+
+    Array GetArray() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return Array(*this); }
+    ConstArray GetArray() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsArray()); return ConstArray(*this); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Number
+    //@{
+
+    int GetInt() const          { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kIntFlag);   return data_.n.i.i;   }
+    unsigned GetUint() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUintFlag);  return data_.n.u.u;   }
+    int64_t GetInt64() const    { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag); return data_.n.i64; }
+    uint64_t GetUint64() const  { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag); return data_.n.u64; }
+
+    //! Get the value as double type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessDouble() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    double GetDouble() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsNumber());
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kDoubleFlag) != 0)                return data_.n.d;   // exact type, no conversion.
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kIntFlag) != 0)                   return data_.n.i.i; // int -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kUintFlag) != 0)                  return data_.n.u.u; // unsigned -> double
+        if ((data_.f.flags & kInt64Flag) != 0)                 return static_cast<double>(data_.n.i64); // int64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT((data_.f.flags & kUint64Flag) != 0);  return static_cast<double>(data_.n.u64); // uint64_t -> double (may lose precision)
+    }
+
+    //! Get the value as float type.
+    /*! \note If the value is 64-bit integer type, it may lose precision. Use \c IsLosslessFloat() to check whether the converison is lossless.
+    */
+    float GetFloat() const {
+        return static_cast<float>(GetDouble());
+    }
+
+    GenericValue& SetInt(int i)             { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint(unsigned u)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetInt64(int64_t i64)     { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(i64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetUint64(uint64_t u64)   { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(u64);  return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetDouble(double d)       { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(d);    return *this; }
+    GenericValue& SetFloat(float f)         { this->~GenericValue(); new (this) GenericValue(f);    return *this; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name String
+    //@{
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return (data_.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? data_.ss.str : GetStringPointer(); }
+
+    //! Get the length of string.
+    /*! Since rapidjson permits "\\u0000" in the json string, strlen(v.GetString()) may not equal to v.GetStringLength().
+    */
+    SizeType GetStringLength() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString()); return ((data_.f.flags & kInlineStrFlag) ? (data_.ss.GetLength()) : data_.s.length); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string pointer. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == length
+        \see SetString(StringRefType)
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length) { return SetString(StringRef(s, length)); }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string without copying source string.
+    /*! \param s source string reference
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() == s && GetStringLength() == s.length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(StringRefType s) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(s); return *this; }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! This version has better performance with supplied length, and also support string containing null character.
+        \param s source string. 
+        \param length The length of source string, excluding the trailing null terminator.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, SizeType length, Allocator& allocator) { this->~GenericValue(); SetStringRaw(StringRef(s, length), allocator); return *this; }
+
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string. 
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s && strcmp(GetString(),s) == 0 && GetStringLength() == length
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const Ch* s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(s, internal::StrLen(s), allocator); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Set this value as a string by copying from source string.
+    /*! \param s source string.
+        \param allocator Allocator for allocating copied buffer. Commonly use GenericDocument::GetAllocator().
+        \return The value itself for fluent API.
+        \post IsString() == true && GetString() != s.data() && strcmp(GetString(),s.data() == 0 && GetStringLength() == s.size()
+        \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+    */
+    GenericValue& SetString(const std::basic_string<Ch>& s, Allocator& allocator) { return SetString(s.data(), SizeType(s.size()), allocator); }
+#endif
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Array
+    //@{
+
+    //! Templated version for checking whether this value is type T.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \c bool, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c double, \c float, \c const \c char*, \c std::basic_string<Ch>
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    bool Is() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Is(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() const { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    T Get() { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Get(*this); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    ValueType& Set(const T& data, AllocatorType& allocator) { return internal::TypeHelper<ValueType, T>::Set(*this, data, allocator); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Generate events of this value to a Handler.
+    /*! This function adopts the GoF visitor pattern.
+        Typical usage is to output this JSON value as JSON text via Writer, which is a Handler.
+        It can also be used to deep clone this value via GenericDocument, which is also a Handler.
+        \tparam Handler type of handler.
+        \param handler An object implementing concept Handler.
+    */
+    template <typename Handler>
+    bool Accept(Handler& handler) const {
+        switch(GetType()) {
+        case kNullType:     return handler.Null();
+        case kFalseType:    return handler.Bool(false);
+        case kTrueType:     return handler.Bool(true);
+
+        case kObjectType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartObject()))
+                return false;
+            for (ConstMemberIterator m = MemberBegin(); m != MemberEnd(); ++m) {
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(m->name.IsString()); // User may change the type of name by MemberIterator.
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Key(m->name.GetString(), m->name.GetStringLength(), (m->name.data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0)))
+                    return false;
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!m->value.Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            }
+            return handler.EndObject(data_.o.size);
+
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartArray()))
+                return false;
+            for (const GenericValue* v = Begin(); v != End(); ++v)
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!v->Accept(handler)))
+                    return false;
+            return handler.EndArray(data_.a.size);
+    
+        case kStringType:
+            return handler.String(GetString(), GetStringLength(), (data_.f.flags & kCopyFlag) != 0);
+    
+        default:
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetType() == kNumberType);
+            if (IsDouble())         return handler.Double(data_.n.d);
+            else if (IsInt())       return handler.Int(data_.n.i.i);
+            else if (IsUint())      return handler.Uint(data_.n.u.u);
+            else if (IsInt64())     return handler.Int64(data_.n.i64);
+            else                    return handler.Uint64(data_.n.u64);
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue;
+    template <typename, typename, typename> friend class GenericDocument;
+
+    enum {
+        kBoolFlag       = 0x0008,
+        kNumberFlag     = 0x0010,
+        kIntFlag        = 0x0020,
+        kUintFlag       = 0x0040,
+        kInt64Flag      = 0x0080,
+        kUint64Flag     = 0x0100,
+        kDoubleFlag     = 0x0200,
+        kStringFlag     = 0x0400,
+        kCopyFlag       = 0x0800,
+        kInlineStrFlag  = 0x1000,
+
+        // Initial flags of different types.
+        kNullFlag = kNullType,
+        kTrueFlag = kTrueType | kBoolFlag,
+        kFalseFlag = kFalseType | kBoolFlag,
+        kNumberIntFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag,
+        kNumberUintFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kInt64Flag,
+        kNumberInt64Flag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kInt64Flag,
+        kNumberUint64Flag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kUint64Flag,
+        kNumberDoubleFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kDoubleFlag,
+        kNumberAnyFlag = kNumberType | kNumberFlag | kIntFlag | kInt64Flag | kUintFlag | kUint64Flag | kDoubleFlag,
+        kConstStringFlag = kStringType | kStringFlag,
+        kCopyStringFlag = kStringType | kStringFlag | kCopyFlag,
+        kShortStringFlag = kStringType | kStringFlag | kCopyFlag | kInlineStrFlag,
+        kObjectFlag = kObjectType,
+        kArrayFlag = kArrayType,
+
+        kTypeMask = 0x07
+    };
+
+    static const SizeType kDefaultArrayCapacity = 16;
+    static const SizeType kDefaultObjectCapacity = 16;
+
+    struct Flag {
+#if RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + 6];     // 2 x SizeType + lower 48-bit pointer
+#elif RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 6]; // 6 padding bytes
+#else
+        char payload[sizeof(SizeType) * 2 + sizeof(void*) + 2]; // 2 padding bytes
+#endif
+        uint16_t flags;
+    };
+
+    struct String {
+        SizeType length;
+        SizeType hashcode;  //!< reserved
+        const Ch* str;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // implementation detail: ShortString can represent zero-terminated strings up to MaxSize chars
+    // (excluding the terminating zero) and store a value to determine the length of the contained
+    // string in the last character str[LenPos] by storing "MaxSize - length" there. If the string
+    // to store has the maximal length of MaxSize then str[LenPos] will be 0 and therefore act as
+    // the string terminator as well. For getting the string length back from that value just use
+    // "MaxSize - str[LenPos]".
+    // This allows to store 13-chars strings in 32-bit mode, 21-chars strings in 64-bit mode,
+    // 13-chars strings for RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION=1 inline (for `UTF8`-encoded strings).
+    struct ShortString {
+        enum { MaxChars = sizeof(static_cast<Flag*>(0)->payload) / sizeof(Ch), MaxSize = MaxChars - 1, LenPos = MaxSize };
+        Ch str[MaxChars];
+
+        inline static bool Usable(SizeType len) { return                       (MaxSize >= len); }
+        inline void     SetLength(SizeType len) { str[LenPos] = static_cast<Ch>(MaxSize -  len); }
+        inline SizeType GetLength() const       { return  static_cast<SizeType>(MaxSize -  str[LenPos]); }
+    };  // at most as many bytes as "String" above => 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    // By using proper binary layout, retrieval of different integer types do not need conversions.
+    union Number {
+#if RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN == RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+        struct I {
+            int i;
+            char padding[4];
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            unsigned u;
+            char padding2[4];
+        }u;
+#else
+        struct I {
+            char padding[4];
+            int i;
+        }i;
+        struct U {
+            char padding2[4];
+            unsigned u;
+        }u;
+#endif
+        int64_t i64;
+        uint64_t u64;
+        double d;
+    };  // 8 bytes
+
+    struct ObjectData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        Member* members;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    struct ArrayData {
+        SizeType size;
+        SizeType capacity;
+        GenericValue* elements;
+    };  // 12 bytes in 32-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit mode
+
+    union Data {
+        String s;
+        ShortString ss;
+        Number n;
+        ObjectData o;
+        ArrayData a;
+        Flag f;
+    };  // 16 bytes in 32-bit mode, 24 bytes in 64-bit mode, 16 bytes in 64-bit with RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* GetStringPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE const Ch* SetStringPointer(const Ch* str) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Ch, data_.s.str, str); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* GetElementsPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE GenericValue* SetElementsPointer(GenericValue* elements) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(GenericValue, data_.a.elements, elements); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* GetMembersPointer() const { return RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members); }
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Member* SetMembersPointer(Member* members) { return RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(Member, data_.o.members, members); }
+
+    // Initialize this value as array with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetArrayRaw(GenericValue* values, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kArrayFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            GenericValue* e = static_cast<GenericValue*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(GenericValue)));
+            SetElementsPointer(e);
+            std::memcpy(e, values, count * sizeof(GenericValue));
+        }
+        else
+            SetElementsPointer(0);
+        data_.a.size = data_.a.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as object with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetObjectRaw(Member* members, SizeType count, Allocator& allocator) {
+        data_.f.flags = kObjectFlag;
+        if (count) {
+            Member* m = static_cast<Member*>(allocator.Malloc(count * sizeof(Member)));
+            SetMembersPointer(m);
+            std::memcpy(m, members, count * sizeof(Member));
+        }
+        else
+            SetMembersPointer(0);
+        data_.o.size = data_.o.capacity = count;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as constant string, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_.f.flags = kConstStringFlag;
+        SetStringPointer(s);
+        data_.s.length = s.length;
+    }
+
+    //! Initialize this value as copy string with initial data, without calling destructor.
+    void SetStringRaw(StringRefType s, Allocator& allocator) {
+        Ch* str = 0;
+        if (ShortString::Usable(s.length)) {
+            data_.f.flags = kShortStringFlag;
+            data_.ss.SetLength(s.length);
+            str = data_.ss.str;
+        } else {
+            data_.f.flags = kCopyStringFlag;
+            data_.s.length = s.length;
+            str = static_cast<Ch *>(allocator.Malloc((s.length + 1) * sizeof(Ch)));
+            SetStringPointer(str);
+        }
+        std::memcpy(str, s, s.length * sizeof(Ch));
+        str[s.length] = '\0';
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment without calling destructor
+    void RawAssign(GenericValue& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        data_ = rhs.data_;
+        // data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+        rhs.data_.f.flags = kNullFlag;
+    }
+
+    template <typename SourceAllocator>
+    bool StringEqual(const GenericValue<Encoding, SourceAllocator>& rhs) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsString());
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(rhs.IsString());
+
+        const SizeType len1 = GetStringLength();
+        const SizeType len2 = rhs.GetStringLength();
+        if(len1 != len2) { return false; }
+
+        const Ch* const str1 = GetString();
+        const Ch* const str2 = rhs.GetString();
+        if(str1 == str2) { return true; } // fast path for constant string
+
+        return (std::memcmp(str1, str2, sizeof(Ch) * len1) == 0);
+    }
+
+    Data data_;
+};
+
+//! GenericValue with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericValue<UTF8<> > Value;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericDocument 
+
+//! A document for parsing JSON text as DOM.
+/*!
+    \note implements Handler concept
+    \tparam Encoding Encoding for both parsing and string storage.
+    \tparam Allocator Allocator for allocating memory for the DOM
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator for allocating memory for stack during parsing.
+    \warning Although GenericDocument inherits from GenericValue, the API does \b not provide any virtual functions, especially no virtual destructor.  To avoid memory leaks, do not \c delete a GenericDocument object via a pointer to a GenericValue.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = MemoryPoolAllocator<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericDocument : public GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;                       //!< Character type derived from Encoding.
+    typedef GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator> ValueType;    //!< Value type of the document.
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;                        //!< Allocator type from template parameter.
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document of specified type.
+        \param type             Mandatory type of object to create.
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    explicit GenericDocument(Type type, Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) :
+        GenericValue<Encoding, Allocator>(type),  allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! Creates an empty document which type is Null. 
+        \param allocator        Optional allocator for allocating memory.
+        \param stackCapacity    Optional initial capacity of stack in bytes.
+        \param stackAllocator   Optional allocator for allocating memory for stack.
+    */
+    GenericDocument(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0) : 
+        allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_()
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericDocument(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+        : ValueType(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs)), // explicit cast to avoid prohibited move from Document
+          allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+          ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+          stack_(std::move(rhs.stack_)),
+          parseResult_(rhs.parseResult_)
+    {
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ~GenericDocument() {
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move assignment in C++11
+    GenericDocument& operator=(GenericDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT
+    {
+        // The cast to ValueType is necessary here, because otherwise it would
+        // attempt to call GenericValue's templated assignment operator.
+        ValueType::operator=(std::forward<ValueType>(rhs));
+
+        // Calling the destructor here would prematurely call stack_'s destructor
+        Destroy();
+
+        allocator_ = rhs.allocator_;
+        ownAllocator_ = rhs.ownAllocator_;
+        stack_ = std::move(rhs.stack_);
+        parseResult_ = rhs.parseResult_;
+
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.parseResult_ = ParseResult();
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Exchange the contents of this document with those of another.
+    /*!
+        \param rhs Another document.
+        \note Constant complexity.
+        \see GenericValue::Swap
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Swap(GenericDocument& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        ValueType::Swap(rhs);
+        stack_.Swap(rhs.stack_);
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, rhs.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(parseResult_, rhs.parseResult_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! free-standing swap function helper
+    /*!
+        Helper function to enable support for common swap implementation pattern based on \c std::swap:
+        \code
+        void swap(MyClass& a, MyClass& b) {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(a.doc, b.doc);
+            // ...
+        }
+        \endcode
+        \see Swap()
+     */
+    friend inline void swap(GenericDocument& a, GenericDocument& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT { a.Swap(b); }
+
+    //! Populate this document by a generator which produces SAX events.
+    /*! \tparam Generator A functor with <tt>bool f(Handler)</tt> prototype.
+        \param g Generator functor which sends SAX events to the parameter.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename Generator>
+    GenericDocument& Populate(Generator& g) {
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        if (g(*this)) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //!@name Parse from stream
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of input stream
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, Encoding, StackAllocator> reader(
+            stack_.HasAllocator() ? &stack_.GetAllocator() : 0);
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is, *this);
+        if (parseResult_) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(ValueType)); // Got one and only one root object
+            ValueType::operator=(*stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1));// Move value from stack to document
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from an input stream (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    GenericDocument& ParseStream(InputStream& is) {
+        return ParseStream<kParseDefaultFlags, Encoding, InputStream>(is);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse in-place from mutable string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags | kParseInsituFlag>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a mutable string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Mutable zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+        \return The document itself for fluent API.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& ParseInsitu(Ch* str) {
+        return ParseInsitu<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Parse from read-only string
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with Encoding conversion)
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \tparam SourceEncoding Transcoding from input Encoding
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> s(str);
+        return ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(s);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag (must not contain \ref kParseInsituFlag).
+        \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str);
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text from a read-only string (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \param str Read-only zero-terminated string to be parsed.
+    */
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const typename SourceEncoding::Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!(parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag));
+        MemoryStream ms(static_cast<const char*>(str), length * sizeof(typename SourceEncoding::Ch));
+        EncodedInputStream<SourceEncoding, MemoryStream> is(ms);
+        ParseStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(is);
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str, length);
+    }
+    
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const Ch* str, size_t length) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str, length);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename SourceEncoding>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<typename SourceEncoding::Ch>& str) {
+        // c_str() is constant complexity according to standard. Should be faster than Parse(const char*, size_t)
+        return Parse<parseFlags, SourceEncoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags>
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<parseFlags, Encoding>(str.c_str());
+    }
+
+    GenericDocument& Parse(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(str);
+    }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING    
+
+    //!@}
+
+    //!@name Handling parse errors
+    //!@{
+
+    //! Whether a parse error has occured in the last parsing.
+    bool HasParseError() const { return parseResult_.IsError(); }
+
+    //! Get the \ref ParseErrorCode of last parsing.
+    ParseErrorCode GetParseError() const { return parseResult_.Code(); }
+
+    //! Get the position of last parsing error in input, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t GetErrorOffset() const { return parseResult_.Offset(); }
+
+    //! Implicit conversion to get the last parse result
+#ifndef __clang // -Wdocumentation
+    /*! \return \ref ParseResult of the last parse operation
+
+        \code
+          Document doc;
+          ParseResult ok = doc.Parse(json);
+          if (!ok)
+            printf( "JSON parse error: %s (%u)\n", GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+        \endcode
+     */
+#endif
+    operator ParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
+    //!@}
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this document.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(allocator_);
+        return *allocator_;
+    }
+
+    //! Get the capacity of stack in bytes.
+    size_t GetStackCapacity() const { return stack_.GetCapacity(); }
+
+private:
+    // clear stack on any exit from ParseStream, e.g. due to exception
+    struct ClearStackOnExit {
+        explicit ClearStackOnExit(GenericDocument& d) : d_(d) {}
+        ~ClearStackOnExit() { d_.ClearStack(); }
+    private:
+        ClearStackOnExit(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        ClearStackOnExit& operator=(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        GenericDocument& d_;
+    };
+
+    // callers of the following private Handler functions
+    // template <typename,typename,typename> friend class GenericReader; // for parsing
+    template <typename, typename> friend class GenericValue; // for deep copying
+
+public:
+    // Implementation of Handler
+    bool Null() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(); return true; }
+    bool Bool(bool b) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(b); return true; }
+    bool Int(int i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint(unsigned i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t i) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(i); return true; }
+    bool Double(double d) { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(d); return true; }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { 
+        if (copy) 
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length, GetAllocator());
+        else
+            new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(str, length);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kObjectType); return true; }
+    
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) {
+        typename ValueType::Member* members = stack_.template Pop<typename ValueType::Member>(memberCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetObjectRaw(members, memberCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() { new (stack_.template Push<ValueType>()) ValueType(kArrayType); return true; }
+    
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
+        ValueType* elements = stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(elementCount);
+        stack_.template Top<ValueType>()->SetArrayRaw(elements, elementCount, GetAllocator());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Prohibit copying
+    GenericDocument(const GenericDocument&);
+    //! Prohibit assignment
+    GenericDocument& operator=(const GenericDocument&);
+
+    void ClearStack() {
+        if (Allocator::kNeedFree)
+            while (stack_.GetSize() > 0)    // Here assumes all elements in stack array are GenericValue (Member is actually 2 GenericValue objects)
+                (stack_.template Pop<ValueType>(1))->~ValueType();
+        else
+            stack_.Clear();
+        stack_.ShrinkToFit();
+    }
+
+    void Destroy() {
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultStackCapacity = 1024;
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> stack_;
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+};
+
+//! GenericDocument with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericDocument<UTF8<> > Document;
+
+// defined here due to the dependency on GenericDocument
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+template <typename SourceAllocator>
+inline
+GenericValue<Encoding,Allocator>::GenericValue(const GenericValue<Encoding,SourceAllocator>& rhs, Allocator& allocator)
+{
+    switch (rhs.GetType()) {
+    case kObjectType:
+    case kArrayType: { // perform deep copy via SAX Handler
+            GenericDocument<Encoding,Allocator> d(&allocator);
+            rhs.Accept(d);
+            RawAssign(*d.stack_.template Pop<GenericValue>(1));
+        }
+        break;
+    case kStringType:
+        if (rhs.data_.f.flags == kConstStringFlag) {
+            data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+            data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+        } else {
+            SetStringRaw(StringRef(rhs.GetString(), rhs.GetStringLength()), allocator);
+        }
+        break;
+    default:
+        data_.f.flags = rhs.data_.f.flags;
+        data_  = *reinterpret_cast<const Data*>(&rhs.data_);
+        break;
+    }
+}
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of array type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetArray().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericArray {
+public:
+    typedef GenericArray<true, ValueT> ConstArray;
+    typedef GenericArray<false, ValueT> Array;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef ValueType* ValueIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef const ValueT* ConstValueIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericArray(const GenericArray& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericArray& operator=(const GenericArray& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericArray() {}
+
+    SizeType Size() const { return value_.Size(); }
+    SizeType Capacity() const { return value_.Capacity(); }
+    bool Empty() const { return value_.Empty(); }
+    void Clear() const { value_.Clear(); }
+    ValueType& operator[](SizeType index) const {  return value_[index]; }
+    ValueIterator Begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator End() const { return value_.End(); }
+    GenericArray Reserve(SizeType newCapacity, AllocatorType &allocator) const { value_.Reserve(newCapacity, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericArray PushBack(StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (const GenericArray&)) PushBack(T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.PushBack(value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericArray PopBack() const { value_.PopBack(); return *this; }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator pos) const { return value_.Erase(pos); }
+    ValueIterator Erase(ConstValueIterator first, ConstValueIterator last) const { return value_.Erase(first, last); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    ValueIterator begin() const { return value_.Begin(); }
+    ValueIterator end() const { return value_.End(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericArray();
+    GenericArray(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+//! Helper class for accessing Value of object type.
+/*!
+    Instance of this helper class is obtained by \c GenericValue::GetObject().
+    In addition to all APIs for array type, it provides range-based for loop if \c RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR=1.
+*/
+template <bool Const, typename ValueT>
+class GenericObject {
+public:
+    typedef GenericObject<true, ValueT> ConstObject;
+    typedef GenericObject<false, ValueT> Object;
+    typedef ValueT PlainType;
+    typedef typename internal::MaybeAddConst<Const,PlainType>::Type ValueType;
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<Const, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> MemberIterator;  // This may be const or non-const iterator
+    typedef GenericMemberIterator<true, typename ValueT::EncodingType, typename ValueT::AllocatorType> ConstMemberIterator;
+    typedef typename ValueType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::StringRefType StringRefType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+    template <typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericValue;
+
+    GenericObject(const GenericObject& rhs) : value_(rhs.value_) {}
+    GenericObject& operator=(const GenericObject& rhs) { value_ = rhs.value_; return *this; }
+    ~GenericObject() {}
+
+    SizeType MemberCount() const { return value_.MemberCount(); }
+    bool ObjectEmpty() const { return value_.ObjectEmpty(); }
+    template <typename T> ValueType& operator[](T* name) const { return value_[name]; }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> ValueType& operator[](const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    ValueType& operator[](const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_[name]; }
+#endif
+    MemberIterator MemberBegin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator MemberEnd() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+    bool HasMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool HasMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool HasMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.HasMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> MemberIterator FindMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    MemberIterator FindMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.FindMember(name); }
+#endif
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, std::basic_string<Ch>& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&)) AddMember(ValueType& name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType&& name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(ValueType& name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType&& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, ValueType& value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    GenericObject AddMember(StringRefType name, StringRefType value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    template <typename T> RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (GenericObject)) AddMember(StringRefType name, T value, AllocatorType& allocator) const { value_.AddMember(name, value, allocator); return *this; }
+    void RemoveAllMembers() { return value_.RemoveAllMembers(); }
+    bool RemoveMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool RemoveMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool RemoveMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.RemoveMember(name); }
+    MemberIterator RemoveMember(MemberIterator m) const { return value_.RemoveMember(m); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator pos) const { return value_.EraseMember(pos); }
+    MemberIterator EraseMember(ConstMemberIterator first, ConstMemberIterator last) const { return value_.EraseMember(first, last); }
+    bool EraseMember(const Ch* name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool EraseMember(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name) const { return EraseMember(ValueType(StringRef(name))); }
+#endif
+    template <typename SourceAllocator> bool EraseMember(const GenericValue<EncodingType, SourceAllocator>& name) const { return value_.EraseMember(name); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+    MemberIterator begin() const { return value_.MemberBegin(); }
+    MemberIterator end() const { return value_.MemberEnd(); }
+#endif
+
+private:
+    GenericObject();
+    GenericObject(ValueType& value) : value_(value) {}
+    ValueType& value_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DOCUMENT_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/encodedstream.h b/external/rapidjson/encodedstream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1450683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/encodedstream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODEDSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "memorystream.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Input byte stream wrapper with a statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam InputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileReadStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename InputByteStream>
+class EncodedInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(InputByteStream& is) : is_(is) { 
+        current_ = Encoding::TakeBOM(is_);
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = Encoding::Take(is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+
+    InputByteStream& is_;
+    Ch current_;
+};
+
+//! Specialized for UTF8 MemoryStream.
+template <>
+class EncodedInputStream<UTF8<>, MemoryStream> {
+public:
+    typedef UTF8<>::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedInputStream(MemoryStream& is) : is_(is) {
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xEFu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBBu) is_.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(is_.Peek()) == 0xBFu) is_.Take();
+    }
+    Ch Peek() const { return is_.Peek(); }
+    Ch Take() { return is_.Take(); }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_.Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) {}
+    void Flush() {} 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { return 0; }
+
+    MemoryStream& is_;
+
+private:
+    EncodedInputStream(const EncodedInputStream&);
+    EncodedInputStream& operator=(const EncodedInputStream&);
+};
+
+//! Output byte stream wrapper with statically bound encoding.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding The interpretation of encoding of the stream. Either UTF8, UTF16LE, UTF16BE, UTF32LE, UTF32BE.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream Type of input byte stream. For example, FileWriteStream.
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename OutputByteStream>
+class EncodedOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    EncodedOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, bool putBOM = true) : os_(os) { 
+        if (putBOM)
+            Encoding::PutBOM(os_);
+    }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { Encoding::Put(os_, c);  }
+    void Flush() { os_.Flush(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false);  return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    EncodedOutputStream(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+    EncodedOutputStream& operator=(const EncodedOutputStream&);
+
+    OutputByteStream& os_;
+};
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+//! Input stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for reading.
+    \tparam InputByteStream type of input byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename InputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFInputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param is input stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type if it is not detected from the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFInputStream(InputByteStream& is, UTFType type = kUTF8) : is_(&is), type_(type), hasBOM_(false) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);        
+        DetectType();
+        static const TakeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Take) };
+        takeFunc_ = f[type_];
+        current_ = takeFunc_(*is_);
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+    bool HasBOM() const { return hasBOM_; }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = current_; current_ = takeFunc_(*is_); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return is_->Tell(); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFInputStream(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+    AutoUTFInputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFInputStream&);
+
+    // Detect encoding type with BOM or RFC 4627
+    void DetectType() {
+        // BOM (Byte Order Mark):
+        // 00 00 FE FF  UTF-32BE
+        // FF FE 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // FE FF        UTF-16BE
+        // FF FE        UTF-16LE
+        // EF BB BF     UTF-8
+
+        const unsigned char* c = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(is_->Peek4());
+        if (!c)
+            return;
+
+        unsigned bom = static_cast<unsigned>(c[0] | (c[1] << 8) | (c[2] << 16) | (c[3] << 24));
+        hasBOM_ = false;
+        if (bom == 0xFFFE0000)                  { type_ = kUTF32BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if (bom == 0x0000FEFF)             { type_ = kUTF32LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take(); }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFFFE)      { type_ = kUTF16BE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFF) == 0xFEFF)      { type_ = kUTF16LE; hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take();                           }
+        else if ((bom & 0xFFFFFF) == 0xBFBBEF)  { type_ = kUTF8;    hasBOM_ = true; is_->Take(); is_->Take(); is_->Take();              }
+
+        // RFC 4627: Section 3
+        // "Since the first two characters of a JSON text will always be ASCII
+        // characters [RFC0020], it is possible to determine whether an octet
+        // stream is UTF-8, UTF-16 (BE or LE), or UTF-32 (BE or LE) by looking
+        // at the pattern of nulls in the first four octets."
+        // 00 00 00 xx  UTF-32BE
+        // 00 xx 00 xx  UTF-16BE
+        // xx 00 00 00  UTF-32LE
+        // xx 00 xx 00  UTF-16LE
+        // xx xx xx xx  UTF-8
+
+        if (!hasBOM_) {
+            unsigned pattern = (c[0] ? 1 : 0) | (c[1] ? 2 : 0) | (c[2] ? 4 : 0) | (c[3] ? 8 : 0);
+            switch (pattern) {
+            case 0x08: type_ = kUTF32BE; break;
+            case 0x0A: type_ = kUTF16BE; break;
+            case 0x01: type_ = kUTF32LE; break;
+            case 0x05: type_ = kUTF16LE; break;
+            case 0x0F: type_ = kUTF8;    break;
+            default: break; // Use type defined by user.
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+    }
+
+    typedef Ch (*TakeFunc)(InputByteStream& is);
+    InputByteStream* is_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    Ch current_;
+    TakeFunc takeFunc_;
+    bool hasBOM_;
+};
+
+//! Output stream wrapper with dynamically bound encoding and automatic encoding detection.
+/*!
+    \tparam CharType Type of character for writing.
+    \tparam OutputByteStream type of output byte stream to be wrapped.
+*/
+template <typename CharType, typename OutputByteStream>
+class AutoUTFOutputStream {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+public:
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param os output stream to be wrapped.
+        \param type UTF encoding type.
+        \param putBOM Whether to write BOM at the beginning of the stream.
+    */
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(OutputByteStream& os, UTFType type, bool putBOM) : os_(&os), type_(type) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type >= kUTF8 && type <= kUTF32BE);
+
+        // Runtime check whether the size of character type is sufficient. It only perform checks with assertion.
+        if (type_ == kUTF16LE || type_ == kUTF16BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+        if (type_ == kUTF32LE || type_ == kUTF32BE) RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+        static const PutFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Put) };
+        putFunc_ = f[type_];
+
+        if (putBOM)
+            PutBOM();
+    }
+
+    UTFType GetType() const { return type_; }
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { putFunc_(*os_, c); }
+    void Flush() { os_->Flush(); } 
+
+    // Not implemented
+    Ch Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    Ch Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0;}
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    AutoUTFOutputStream(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+    AutoUTFOutputStream& operator=(const AutoUTFOutputStream&);
+
+    void PutBOM() { 
+        typedef void (*PutBOMFunc)(OutputByteStream&);
+        static const PutBOMFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(PutBOM) };
+        f[type_](*os_);
+    }
+
+    typedef void (*PutFunc)(OutputByteStream&, Ch);
+
+    OutputByteStream* os_;
+    UTFType type_;
+    PutFunc putFunc_;
+};
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/encodings.h b/external/rapidjson/encodings.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baa7c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/encodings.h
@@ -0,0 +1,716 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4244) // conversion from 'type1' to 'type2', possible loss of data
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(overflow)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Encoding
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Encoding
+    \brief Concept for encoding of Unicode characters.
+
+\code
+concept Encoding {
+    typename Ch;    //! Type of character. A "character" is actually a code unit in unicode's definition.
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 }; // or 0 if not supporting unicode
+
+    //! \brief Encode a Unicode codepoint to an output stream.
+    //! \param os Output stream.
+    //! \param codepoint An unicode codepoint, ranging from 0x0 to 0x10FFFF inclusively.
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Decode a Unicode codepoint from an input stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream.
+    //! \param codepoint Output of the unicode codepoint.
+    //! \return true if a valid codepoint can be decoded from the stream.
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint);
+
+    //! \brief Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    //! \param is Input stream to obtain codepoint.
+    //! \param os Output for copying one codepoint.
+    //! \return true if it is valid.
+    //! \note This function just validating and copying the codepoint without actually decode it.
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os);
+
+    // The following functions are deal with byte streams.
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream, skip BOM if exist.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Take a character from input byte stream.
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is);
+
+    //! Put BOM to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os);
+
+    //! Put a character to output byte stream.
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF8
+
+//! UTF-8 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3629
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 8-bit UTF-8 data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct UTF8 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        if (codepoint <= 0x7F) 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+        else if (codepoint <= 0x7FF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xC0 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint & 0x3F))));
+        }
+        else if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xE0 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0xF0 | ((codepoint >> 18) & 0xFF)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 12) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | ((codepoint >> 6) & 0x3F)));
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(0x80 | (codepoint & 0x3F)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+#define COPY() c = is.Take(); *codepoint = (*codepoint << 6) | (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0x3Fu)
+#define TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define TAIL() COPY(); TRANS(0x70)
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (!(c & 0x80)) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        unsigned char type = GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c));
+        if (type >= 32) {
+            *codepoint = 0;
+        } else {
+            *codepoint = (0xFF >> type) & static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+        }
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (type) {
+        case 2: TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: COPY(); TRANS(0x50); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: COPY(); TRANS(0x10); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: TAIL(); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: COPY(); TRANS(0x20); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: COPY(); TRANS(0x60); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef COPY
+#undef TRANS
+#undef TAIL
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+#define COPY() os.Put(c = is.Take())
+#define TRANS(mask) result &= ((GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c)) & mask) != 0)
+#define TAIL() COPY(); TRANS(0x70)
+        Ch c;
+        COPY();
+        if (!(c & 0x80))
+            return true;
+
+        bool result = true;
+        switch (GetRange(static_cast<unsigned char>(c))) {
+        case 2: TAIL(); return result;
+        case 3: TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 4: COPY(); TRANS(0x50); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 5: COPY(); TRANS(0x10); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 6: TAIL(); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 10: COPY(); TRANS(0x20); TAIL(); return result;
+        case 11: COPY(); TRANS(0x60); TAIL(); TAIL(); return result;
+        default: return false;
+        }
+#undef COPY
+#undef TRANS
+#undef TAIL
+    }
+
+    static unsigned char GetRange(unsigned char c) {
+        // Referring to DFA of http://bjoern.hoehrmann.de/utf-8/decoder/dfa/
+        // With new mapping 1 -> 0x10, 7 -> 0x20, 9 -> 0x40, such that AND operation can test multiple types.
+        static const unsigned char type[] = {
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,  0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,
+            0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,0x10,
+            0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,0x40,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,0x20,
+            8,8,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,  2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,
+            10,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,3,4,3,3, 11,6,6,6,5,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,
+        };
+        return type[c];
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        typename InputByteStream::Ch c = Take(is);
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xEFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBBu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(c) != 0xBFu) return c;
+        c = is.Take();
+        return c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xEFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBBu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xBFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF16
+
+//! UTF-16 encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-16
+    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2781
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 16-bit UTF-16 data. Default is wchar_t. C++11 may use char16_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF16LE and UTF16BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 2);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            os.Put((v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00);
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        if (codepoint <= 0xFFFF) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint < 0xD800 || codepoint > 0xDFFF); // Code point itself cannot be surrogate pair 
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(codepoint));
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+            unsigned v = codepoint - 0x10000;
+            PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>((v >> 10) | 0xD800));
+            PutUnsafe(os, (v & 0x3FF) | 0xDC00);
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c = is.Take();
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF) {
+            *codepoint = static_cast<unsigned>(c);
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            *codepoint = (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF) << 10;
+            c = is.Take();
+            *codepoint |= (static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0x3FF);
+            *codepoint += 0x10000;
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 2);
+        typename InputStream::Ch c;
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c = is.Take()));
+        if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF)
+            return true;
+        else if (c <= 0xDBFF) {
+            os.Put(c = is.Take());
+            return c >= 0xDC00 && c <= 0xDFFF;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 little endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16LE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-16 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = wchar_t>
+struct UTF16BE : UTF16<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint16_t>(c) == 0xFEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((static_cast<unsigned>(c) >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(static_cast<unsigned>(c) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// UTF32
+
+//! UTF-32 encoding. 
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-32
+    \tparam CharType Type for storing 32-bit UTF-32 data. Default is unsigned. C++11 may use char32_t instead.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+
+    \note For in-memory access, no need to concern endianness. The code units and code points are represented by CPU's endianness.
+    For streaming, use UTF32LE and UTF32BE, which handle endianness.
+*/
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32 {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) >= 4);
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        os.Put(codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+        PutUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c = is.Take();
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputStream::Ch) >= 4);
+        Ch c;
+        os.Put(c = is.Take());
+        return c <= 0x10FFFF;
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 little endian enocoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32LE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+//! UTF-32 big endian encoding.
+template<typename CharType = unsigned>
+struct UTF32BE : UTF32<CharType> {
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        CharType c = Take(is);
+        return static_cast<uint32_t>(c) == 0x0000FEFFu ? Take(is) : c; 
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        unsigned c = static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 24;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 16;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take())) << 8;
+        c |= static_cast<unsigned>(static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take()));
+        return static_cast<CharType>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0x00u));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFEu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(0xFFu));
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, CharType c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 24) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 16) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>((c >> 8) & 0xFFu));
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c & 0xFFu));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ASCII
+
+//! ASCII encoding.
+/*! http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII
+    \tparam CharType Code unit for storing 7-bit ASCII data. Default is char.
+    \note implements Encoding concept
+*/
+template<typename CharType = char>
+struct ASCII {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 0 };
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        os.Put(static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint <= 0x7F);
+        PutUnsafe(os, static_cast<Ch>(codepoint & 0xFF));
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        *codepoint = c;
+        return c <= 0X7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(is.Take());
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputStream::Ch>(c));
+        return c <= 0x7F;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static CharType TakeBOM(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        uint8_t c = static_cast<uint8_t>(Take(is));
+        return static_cast<Ch>(c);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputByteStream>
+    static Ch Take(InputByteStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename InputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        return static_cast<Ch>(is.Take());
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void PutBOM(OutputByteStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        (void)os;
+    }
+
+    template <typename OutputByteStream>
+    static void Put(OutputByteStream& os, Ch c) {
+        RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(typename OutputByteStream::Ch) == 1);
+        os.Put(static_cast<typename OutputByteStream::Ch>(c));
+    }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AutoUTF
+
+//! Runtime-specified UTF encoding type of a stream.
+enum UTFType {
+    kUTF8 = 0,      //!< UTF-8.
+    kUTF16LE = 1,   //!< UTF-16 little endian.
+    kUTF16BE = 2,   //!< UTF-16 big endian.
+    kUTF32LE = 3,   //!< UTF-32 little endian.
+    kUTF32BE = 4    //!< UTF-32 big endian.
+};
+
+//! Dynamically select encoding according to stream's runtime-specified UTF encoding type.
+/*! \note This class can be used with AutoUTFInputtStream and AutoUTFOutputStream, which provides GetType().
+*/
+template<typename CharType>
+struct AutoUTF {
+    typedef CharType Ch;
+
+    enum { supportUnicode = 1 };
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(x) UTF8<Ch>::x, UTF16LE<Ch>::x, UTF16BE<Ch>::x, UTF32LE<Ch>::x, UTF32BE<Ch>::x
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void Encode(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Encode) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void EncodeUnsafe(OutputStream& os, unsigned codepoint) {
+        typedef void (*EncodeFunc)(OutputStream&, unsigned);
+        static const EncodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(EncodeUnsafe) };
+        (*f[os.GetType()])(os, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Decode(InputStream& is, unsigned* codepoint) {
+        typedef bool (*DecodeFunc)(InputStream&, unsigned*);
+        static const DecodeFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Decode) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, codepoint);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        typedef bool (*ValidateFunc)(InputStream&, OutputStream&);
+        static const ValidateFunc f[] = { RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC(Validate) };
+        return (*f[is.GetType()])(is, os);
+    }
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_FUNC
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Transcoder
+
+//! Encoding conversion.
+template<typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding>
+struct Transcoder {
+    //! Take one Unicode codepoint from source encoding, convert it to target encoding and put it to the output stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::Encode(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        TargetEncoding::EncodeUnsafe(os, codepoint);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Validate one Unicode codepoint from an encoded stream.
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Transcode(is, os);   // Since source/target encoding is different, must transcode.
+    }
+};
+
+// Forward declaration.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutUnsafe(Stream& stream, typename Stream::Ch c);
+
+//! Specialization of Transcoder with same source and target encoding.
+template<typename Encoding>
+struct Transcoder<Encoding, Encoding> {
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Transcode(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        os.Put(is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool TranscodeUnsafe(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        PutUnsafe(os, is.Take());  // Just copy one code unit. This semantic is different from primary template class.
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Validate(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+        return Encoding::Validate(is, os);  // source/target encoding are the same
+    }
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENCODINGS_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/error/en.h b/external/rapidjson/error/en.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2db838b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/error/en.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
+
+#include "error.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(covered-switch-default)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Maps error code of parsing into error message.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \param parseErrorCode Error code obtained in parsing.
+    \return the error message.
+    \note User can make a copy of this function for localization.
+        Using switch-case is safer for future modification of error codes.
+*/
+inline const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* GetParseError_En(ParseErrorCode parseErrorCode) {
+    switch (parseErrorCode) {
+        case kParseErrorNone:                           return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("No error.");
+
+        case kParseErrorDocumentEmpty:                  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document is empty.");
+        case kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The document root must not be followed by other values.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorValueInvalid:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid value.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissName:                 return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a name for object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissColon:                return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a colon after a name of object member.");
+        case kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.");
+    
+        case kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.");
+
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid:  return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("The surrogate pair in string is invalid.");
+        case kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid:            return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid escape character in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark:        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Missing a closing quotation mark in string.");
+        case kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Invalid encoding in string.");
+
+        case kParseErrorNumberTooBig:                   return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Number too big to be stored in double.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissFraction:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss fraction part in number.");
+        case kParseErrorNumberMissExponent:             return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Miss exponent in number.");
+
+        case kParseErrorTermination:                    return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Terminate parsing due to Handler error.");
+        case kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError:          return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unspecific syntax error.");
+
+        default:                                        return RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING("Unknown error.");
+    }
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_EN_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/error/error.h b/external/rapidjson/error/error.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..95cb31a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/error/error.h
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+/*! \file error.h */
+
+/*! \defgroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS RapidJSON error handling */
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+
+//! Character type of error messages.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    The default character type is \c char.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c TCHAR for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE char
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+
+//! Macro for converting string literial to \ref RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE[].
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    By default this conversion macro does nothing.
+    On Windows, user can define this macro as \c _T(x) for supporting both
+    unicode/non-unicode settings.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING
+#define RAPIDJSON_ERROR_STRING(x) x
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ParseErrorCode
+
+//! Error code of parsing.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericReader::GetParseErrorCode
+*/
+enum ParseErrorCode {
+    kParseErrorNone = 0,                        //!< No error.
+
+    kParseErrorDocumentEmpty,                   //!< The document is empty.
+    kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular,         //!< The document root must not follow by other values.
+
+    kParseErrorValueInvalid,                    //!< Invalid value.
+
+    kParseErrorObjectMissName,                  //!< Missing a name for object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissColon,                 //!< Missing a colon after a name of object member.
+    kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or '}' after an object member.
+
+    kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket,   //!< Missing a comma or ']' after an array element.
+
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex,   //!< Incorrect hex digit after \\u escape in string.
+    kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid,   //!< The surrogate pair in string is invalid.
+    kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid,             //!< Invalid escape character in string.
+    kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark,         //!< Missing a closing quotation mark in string.
+    kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding,           //!< Invalid encoding in string.
+
+    kParseErrorNumberTooBig,                    //!< Number too big to be stored in double.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissFraction,              //!< Miss fraction part in number.
+    kParseErrorNumberMissExponent,              //!< Miss exponent in number.
+
+    kParseErrorTermination,                     //!< Parsing was terminated.
+    kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError            //!< Unspecific syntax error.
+};
+
+//! Result of parsing (wraps ParseErrorCode)
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \code
+        Document doc;
+        ParseResult ok = doc.Parse("[42]");
+        if (!ok) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "JSON parse error: %s (%u)",
+                    GetParseError_En(ok.Code()), ok.Offset());
+            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
+        }
+    \endcode
+    \see GenericReader::Parse, GenericDocument::Parse
+*/
+struct ParseResult {
+public:
+    //! Default constructor, no error.
+    ParseResult() : code_(kParseErrorNone), offset_(0) {}
+    //! Constructor to set an error.
+    ParseResult(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset) : code_(code), offset_(offset) {}
+
+    //! Get the error code.
+    ParseErrorCode Code() const { return code_; }
+    //! Get the error offset, if \ref IsError(), 0 otherwise.
+    size_t Offset() const { return offset_; }
+
+    //! Conversion to \c bool, returns \c true, iff !\ref IsError().
+    operator bool() const { return !IsError(); }
+    //! Whether the result is an error.
+    bool IsError() const { return code_ != kParseErrorNone; }
+
+    bool operator==(const ParseResult& that) const { return code_ == that.code_; }
+    bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code) const { return code_ == code; }
+    friend bool operator==(ParseErrorCode code, const ParseResult & err) { return code == err.code_; }
+
+    //! Reset error code.
+    void Clear() { Set(kParseErrorNone); }
+    //! Update error code and offset.
+    void Set(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset = 0) { code_ = code; offset_ = offset; }
+
+private:
+    ParseErrorCode code_;
+    size_t offset_;
+};
+
+//! Function pointer type of GetParseError().
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+
+    This is the prototype for \c GetParseError_X(), where \c X is a locale.
+    User can dynamically change locale in runtime, e.g.:
+\code
+    GetParseErrorFunc GetParseError = GetParseError_En; // or whatever
+    const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* s = GetParseError(document.GetParseErrorCode());
+\endcode
+*/
+typedef const RAPIDJSON_ERROR_CHARTYPE* (*GetParseErrorFunc)(ParseErrorCode);
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ERROR_ERROR_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/filereadstream.h b/external/rapidjson/filereadstream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b56ea13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/filereadstream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEREADSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(missing-noreturn)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! File byte stream for input using fread().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileReadStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type (byte).
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        \param fp File pointer opened for read.
+        \param buffer user-supplied buffer.
+        \param bufferSize size of buffer in bytes. Must >=4 bytes.
+    */
+    FileReadStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferSize_(bufferSize), bufferLast_(0), current_(buffer_), readCount_(0), count_(0), eof_(false) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(bufferSize >= 4);
+        Read();
+    }
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *current_; }
+    Ch Take() { Ch c = *current_; Read(); return c; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return count_ + static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_); }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); } 
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return (current_ + 4 <= bufferLast_) ? current_ : 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    void Read() {
+        if (current_ < bufferLast_)
+            ++current_;
+        else if (!eof_) {
+            count_ += readCount_;
+            readCount_ = fread(buffer_, 1, bufferSize_, fp_);
+            bufferLast_ = buffer_ + readCount_ - 1;
+            current_ = buffer_;
+
+            if (readCount_ < bufferSize_) {
+                buffer_[readCount_] = '\0';
+                ++bufferLast_;
+                eof_ = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    Ch *buffer_;
+    size_t bufferSize_;
+    Ch *bufferLast_;
+    Ch *current_;
+    size_t readCount_;
+    size_t count_;  //!< Number of characters read
+    bool eof_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/filewritestream.h b/external/rapidjson/filewritestream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6378dd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/filewritestream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FILEWRITESTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <cstdio>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of C file stream for input using fread().
+/*!
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+class FileWriteStream {
+public:
+    typedef char Ch;    //!< Character type. Only support char.
+
+    FileWriteStream(std::FILE* fp, char* buffer, size_t bufferSize) : fp_(fp), buffer_(buffer), bufferEnd_(buffer + bufferSize), current_(buffer_) { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(fp_ != 0);
+    }
+
+    void Put(char c) { 
+        if (current_ >= bufferEnd_)
+            Flush();
+
+        *current_++ = c;
+    }
+
+    void PutN(char c, size_t n) {
+        size_t avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        while (n > avail) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, avail);
+            current_ += avail;
+            Flush();
+            n -= avail;
+            avail = static_cast<size_t>(bufferEnd_ - current_);
+        }
+
+        if (n > 0) {
+            std::memset(current_, c, n);
+            current_ += n;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+        if (current_ != buffer_) {
+            size_t result = fwrite(buffer_, 1, static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_), fp_);
+            if (result < static_cast<size_t>(current_ - buffer_)) {
+                // failure deliberately ignored at this time
+                // added to avoid warn_unused_result build errors
+            }
+            current_ = buffer_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    char Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(char*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    FileWriteStream(const FileWriteStream&);
+    FileWriteStream& operator=(const FileWriteStream&);
+
+    std::FILE* fp_;
+    char *buffer_;
+    char *bufferEnd_;
+    char *current_;
+};
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(FileWriteStream& stream, char c, size_t n) {
+    stream.PutN(c, n);
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FILESTREAM_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/fwd.h b/external/rapidjson/fwd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e8104e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/fwd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FWD_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_FWD_H_
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+// encodings.h
+
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF8;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16BE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF16LE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32BE;
+template<typename CharType> struct UTF32LE;
+template<typename CharType> struct ASCII;
+template<typename CharType> struct AutoUTF;
+
+template<typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding>
+struct Transcoder;
+
+// allocators.h
+
+class CrtAllocator;
+
+template <typename BaseAllocator>
+class MemoryPoolAllocator;
+
+// stream.h
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericStringStream;
+
+typedef GenericStringStream<UTF8<char> > StringStream;
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericInsituStringStream;
+
+typedef GenericInsituStringStream<UTF8<char> > InsituStringStream;
+
+// stringbuffer.h
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericStringBuffer;
+
+typedef GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<char>, CrtAllocator> StringBuffer;
+
+// filereadstream.h
+
+class FileReadStream;
+
+// filewritestream.h
+
+class FileWriteStream;
+
+// memorybuffer.h
+
+template <typename Allocator>
+struct GenericMemoryBuffer;
+
+typedef GenericMemoryBuffer<CrtAllocator> MemoryBuffer;
+
+// memorystream.h
+
+struct MemoryStream;
+
+// reader.h
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Derived>
+struct BaseReaderHandler;
+
+template <typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericReader;
+
+typedef GenericReader<UTF8<char>, UTF8<char>, CrtAllocator> Reader;
+
+// writer.h
+
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator, unsigned writeFlags>
+class Writer;
+
+// prettywriter.h
+
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator, unsigned writeFlags>
+class PrettyWriter;
+
+// document.h
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+struct GenericMember;
+
+template <bool Const, typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class GenericMemberIterator;
+
+template<typename CharType>
+struct GenericStringRef;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator> 
+class GenericValue;
+
+typedef GenericValue<UTF8<char>, MemoryPoolAllocator<CrtAllocator> > Value;
+
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator, typename StackAllocator>
+class GenericDocument;
+
+typedef GenericDocument<UTF8<char>, MemoryPoolAllocator<CrtAllocator>, CrtAllocator> Document;
+
+// pointer.h
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator>
+class GenericPointer;
+
+typedef GenericPointer<Value, CrtAllocator> Pointer;
+
+// schema.h
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+template <typename ValueT, typename Allocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument;
+
+typedef GenericSchemaDocument<Value, CrtAllocator> SchemaDocument;
+typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<SchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+template <
+    typename SchemaDocumentType,
+    typename OutputHandler,
+    typename StateAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaValidator;
+
+typedef GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocument, BaseReaderHandler<UTF8<char>, void>, CrtAllocator> SchemaValidator;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSONFWD_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d3e88c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/biginteger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#include <intrin.h> // for _umul128
+#pragma intrinsic(_umul128)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+class BigInteger {
+public:
+    typedef uint64_t Type;
+
+    BigInteger(const BigInteger& rhs) : count_(rhs.count_) {
+        std::memcpy(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type));
+    }
+
+    explicit BigInteger(uint64_t u) : count_(1) {
+        digits_[0] = u;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger(const char* decimals, size_t length) : count_(1) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length > 0);
+        digits_[0] = 0;
+        size_t i = 0;
+        const size_t kMaxDigitPerIteration = 19;  // 2^64 = 18446744073709551616 > 10^19
+        while (length >= kMaxDigitPerIteration) {
+            AppendDecimal64(decimals + i, decimals + i + kMaxDigitPerIteration);
+            length -= kMaxDigitPerIteration;
+            i += kMaxDigitPerIteration;
+        }
+
+        if (length > 0)
+            AppendDecimal64(decimals + i, decimals + i + length);
+    }
+    
+    BigInteger& operator=(const BigInteger &rhs)
+    {
+        if (this != &rhs) {
+            count_ = rhs.count_;
+            std::memcpy(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type));
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+    
+    BigInteger& operator=(uint64_t u) {
+        digits_[0] = u;            
+        count_ = 1;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator+=(uint64_t u) {
+        Type backup = digits_[0];
+        digits_[0] += u;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_ - 1; i++) {
+            if (digits_[i] >= backup)
+                return *this; // no carry
+            backup = digits_[i + 1];
+            digits_[i + 1] += 1;
+        }
+
+        // Last carry
+        if (digits_[count_ - 1] < backup)
+            PushBack(1);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator*=(uint64_t u) {
+        if (u == 0) return *this = 0;
+        if (u == 1) return *this;
+        if (*this == 1) return *this = u;
+
+        uint64_t k = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_; i++) {
+            uint64_t hi;
+            digits_[i] = MulAdd64(digits_[i], u, k, &hi);
+            k = hi;
+        }
+        
+        if (k > 0)
+            PushBack(k);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator*=(uint32_t u) {
+        if (u == 0) return *this = 0;
+        if (u == 1) return *this;
+        if (*this == 1) return *this = u;
+
+        uint64_t k = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < count_; i++) {
+            const uint64_t c = digits_[i] >> 32;
+            const uint64_t d = digits_[i] & 0xFFFFFFFF;
+            const uint64_t uc = u * c;
+            const uint64_t ud = u * d;
+            const uint64_t p0 = ud + k;
+            const uint64_t p1 = uc + (p0 >> 32);
+            digits_[i] = (p0 & 0xFFFFFFFF) | (p1 << 32);
+            k = p1 >> 32;
+        }
+        
+        if (k > 0)
+            PushBack(k);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& operator<<=(size_t shift) {
+        if (IsZero() || shift == 0) return *this;
+
+        size_t offset = shift / kTypeBit;
+        size_t interShift = shift % kTypeBit;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(count_ + offset <= kCapacity);
+
+        if (interShift == 0) {
+            std::memmove(&digits_[count_ - 1 + offset], &digits_[count_ - 1], count_ * sizeof(Type));
+            count_ += offset;
+        }
+        else {
+            digits_[count_] = 0;
+            for (size_t i = count_; i > 0; i--)
+                digits_[i + offset] = (digits_[i] << interShift) | (digits_[i - 1] >> (kTypeBit - interShift));
+            digits_[offset] = digits_[0] << interShift;
+            count_ += offset;
+            if (digits_[count_])
+                count_++;
+        }
+
+        std::memset(digits_, 0, offset * sizeof(Type));
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const BigInteger& rhs) const {
+        return count_ == rhs.count_ && std::memcmp(digits_, rhs.digits_, count_ * sizeof(Type)) == 0;
+    }
+
+    bool operator==(const Type rhs) const {
+        return count_ == 1 && digits_[0] == rhs;
+    }
+
+    BigInteger& MultiplyPow5(unsigned exp) {
+        static const uint32_t kPow5[12] = {
+            5,
+            5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5,
+            5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5 * 5
+        };
+        if (exp == 0) return *this;
+        for (; exp >= 27; exp -= 27) *this *= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0X6765C793, 0XFA10079D); // 5^27
+        for (; exp >= 13; exp -= 13) *this *= static_cast<uint32_t>(1220703125u); // 5^13
+        if (exp > 0)                 *this *= kPow5[exp - 1];
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Compute absolute difference of this and rhs.
+    // Assume this != rhs
+    bool Difference(const BigInteger& rhs, BigInteger* out) const {
+        int cmp = Compare(rhs);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(cmp != 0);
+        const BigInteger *a, *b;  // Makes a > b
+        bool ret;
+        if (cmp < 0) { a = &rhs; b = this; ret = true; }
+        else         { a = this; b = &rhs; ret = false; }
+
+        Type borrow = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < a->count_; i++) {
+            Type d = a->digits_[i] - borrow;
+            if (i < b->count_)
+                d -= b->digits_[i];
+            borrow = (d > a->digits_[i]) ? 1 : 0;
+            out->digits_[i] = d;
+            if (d != 0)
+                out->count_ = i + 1;
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    int Compare(const BigInteger& rhs) const {
+        if (count_ != rhs.count_)
+            return count_ < rhs.count_ ? -1 : 1;
+
+        for (size_t i = count_; i-- > 0;)
+            if (digits_[i] != rhs.digits_[i])
+                return digits_[i] < rhs.digits_[i] ? -1 : 1;
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    size_t GetCount() const { return count_; }
+    Type GetDigit(size_t index) const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < count_); return digits_[index]; }
+    bool IsZero() const { return count_ == 1 && digits_[0] == 0; }
+
+private:
+    void AppendDecimal64(const char* begin, const char* end) {
+        uint64_t u = ParseUint64(begin, end);
+        if (IsZero())
+            *this = u;
+        else {
+            unsigned exp = static_cast<unsigned>(end - begin);
+            (MultiplyPow5(exp) <<= exp) += u;   // *this = *this * 10^exp + u
+        }
+    }
+
+    void PushBack(Type digit) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(count_ < kCapacity);
+        digits_[count_++] = digit;
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t ParseUint64(const char* begin, const char* end) {
+        uint64_t r = 0;
+        for (const char* p = begin; p != end; ++p) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(*p >= '0' && *p <= '9');
+            r = r * 10u + static_cast<unsigned>(*p - '0');
+        }
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    // Assume a * b + k < 2^128
+    static uint64_t MulAdd64(uint64_t a, uint64_t b, uint64_t k, uint64_t* outHigh) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        uint64_t low = _umul128(a, b, outHigh) + k;
+        if (low < k)
+            (*outHigh)++;
+        return low;
+#elif (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)) && defined(__x86_64__)
+        __extension__ typedef unsigned __int128 uint128;
+        uint128 p = static_cast<uint128>(a) * static_cast<uint128>(b);
+        p += k;
+        *outHigh = static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+        return static_cast<uint64_t>(p);
+#else
+        const uint64_t a0 = a & 0xFFFFFFFF, a1 = a >> 32, b0 = b & 0xFFFFFFFF, b1 = b >> 32;
+        uint64_t x0 = a0 * b0, x1 = a0 * b1, x2 = a1 * b0, x3 = a1 * b1;
+        x1 += (x0 >> 32); // can't give carry
+        x1 += x2;
+        if (x1 < x2)
+            x3 += (static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << 32);
+        uint64_t lo = (x1 << 32) + (x0 & 0xFFFFFFFF);
+        uint64_t hi = x3 + (x1 >> 32);
+
+        lo += k;
+        if (lo < k)
+            hi++;
+        *outHigh = hi;
+        return lo;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kBitCount = 3328;  // 64bit * 54 > 10^1000
+    static const size_t kCapacity = kBitCount / sizeof(Type);
+    static const size_t kTypeBit = sizeof(Type) * 8;
+
+    Type digits_[kCapacity];
+    size_t count_;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_BIGINTEGER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9fefdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/diyfp.h
@@ -0,0 +1,258 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+// This is a C++ header-only implementation of Grisu2 algorithm from the publication:
+// Loitsch, Florian. "Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately with
+// integers." ACM Sigplan Notices 45.6 (2010): 233-243.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanReverse64)
+#pragma intrinsic(_umul128)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+struct DiyFp {
+    DiyFp() : f(), e() {}
+
+    DiyFp(uint64_t fp, int exp) : f(fp), e(exp) {}
+
+    explicit DiyFp(double d) {
+        union {
+            double d;
+            uint64_t u64;
+        } u = { d };
+
+        int biased_e = static_cast<int>((u.u64 & kDpExponentMask) >> kDpSignificandSize);
+        uint64_t significand = (u.u64 & kDpSignificandMask);
+        if (biased_e != 0) {
+            f = significand + kDpHiddenBit;
+            e = biased_e - kDpExponentBias;
+        } 
+        else {
+            f = significand;
+            e = kDpMinExponent + 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    DiyFp operator-(const DiyFp& rhs) const {
+        return DiyFp(f - rhs.f, e);
+    }
+
+    DiyFp operator*(const DiyFp& rhs) const {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        uint64_t h;
+        uint64_t l = _umul128(f, rhs.f, &h);
+        if (l & (uint64_t(1) << 63)) // rounding
+            h++;
+        return DiyFp(h, e + rhs.e + 64);
+#elif (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6)) && defined(__x86_64__)
+        __extension__ typedef unsigned __int128 uint128;
+        uint128 p = static_cast<uint128>(f) * static_cast<uint128>(rhs.f);
+        uint64_t h = static_cast<uint64_t>(p >> 64);
+        uint64_t l = static_cast<uint64_t>(p);
+        if (l & (uint64_t(1) << 63)) // rounding
+            h++;
+        return DiyFp(h, e + rhs.e + 64);
+#else
+        const uint64_t M32 = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        const uint64_t a = f >> 32;
+        const uint64_t b = f & M32;
+        const uint64_t c = rhs.f >> 32;
+        const uint64_t d = rhs.f & M32;
+        const uint64_t ac = a * c;
+        const uint64_t bc = b * c;
+        const uint64_t ad = a * d;
+        const uint64_t bd = b * d;
+        uint64_t tmp = (bd >> 32) + (ad & M32) + (bc & M32);
+        tmp += 1U << 31;  /// mult_round
+        return DiyFp(ac + (ad >> 32) + (bc >> 32) + (tmp >> 32), e + rhs.e + 64);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    DiyFp Normalize() const {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_AMD64)
+        unsigned long index;
+        _BitScanReverse64(&index, f);
+        return DiyFp(f << (63 - index), e - (63 - index));
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
+        int s = __builtin_clzll(f);
+        return DiyFp(f << s, e - s);
+#else
+        DiyFp res = *this;
+        while (!(res.f & (static_cast<uint64_t>(1) << 63))) {
+            res.f <<= 1;
+            res.e--;
+        }
+        return res;
+#endif
+    }
+
+    DiyFp NormalizeBoundary() const {
+        DiyFp res = *this;
+        while (!(res.f & (kDpHiddenBit << 1))) {
+            res.f <<= 1;
+            res.e--;
+        }
+        res.f <<= (kDiySignificandSize - kDpSignificandSize - 2);
+        res.e = res.e - (kDiySignificandSize - kDpSignificandSize - 2);
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    void NormalizedBoundaries(DiyFp* minus, DiyFp* plus) const {
+        DiyFp pl = DiyFp((f << 1) + 1, e - 1).NormalizeBoundary();
+        DiyFp mi = (f == kDpHiddenBit) ? DiyFp((f << 2) - 1, e - 2) : DiyFp((f << 1) - 1, e - 1);
+        mi.f <<= mi.e - pl.e;
+        mi.e = pl.e;
+        *plus = pl;
+        *minus = mi;
+    }
+
+    double ToDouble() const {
+        union {
+            double d;
+            uint64_t u64;
+        }u;
+        const uint64_t be = (e == kDpDenormalExponent && (f & kDpHiddenBit) == 0) ? 0 : 
+            static_cast<uint64_t>(e + kDpExponentBias);
+        u.u64 = (f & kDpSignificandMask) | (be << kDpSignificandSize);
+        return u.d;
+    }
+
+    static const int kDiySignificandSize = 64;
+    static const int kDpSignificandSize = 52;
+    static const int kDpExponentBias = 0x3FF + kDpSignificandSize;
+    static const int kDpMaxExponent = 0x7FF - kDpExponentBias;
+    static const int kDpMinExponent = -kDpExponentBias;
+    static const int kDpDenormalExponent = -kDpExponentBias + 1;
+    static const uint64_t kDpExponentMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x7FF00000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kDpSignificandMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x000FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    static const uint64_t kDpHiddenBit = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    uint64_t f;
+    int e;
+};
+
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPowerByIndex(size_t index) {
+    // 10^-348, 10^-340, ..., 10^340
+    static const uint64_t kCachedPowers_F[] = {
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfa8fd5a0, 0x081c0288), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbaaee17f, 0xa23ebf76),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8b16fb20, 0x3055ac76), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcf42894a, 0x5dce35ea),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9a6bb0aa, 0x55653b2d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe61acf03, 0x3d1a45df),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xab70fe17, 0xc79ac6ca), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xff77b1fc, 0xbebcdc4f),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbe5691ef, 0x416bd60c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8dd01fad, 0x907ffc3c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd3515c28, 0x31559a83), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9d71ac8f, 0xada6c9b5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xea9c2277, 0x23ee8bcb), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaecc4991, 0x4078536d),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x823c1279, 0x5db6ce57), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc2109436, 0x4dfb5637),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9096ea6f, 0x3848984f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd77485cb, 0x25823ac7),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa086cfcd, 0x97bf97f4), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xef340a98, 0x172aace5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb23867fb, 0x2a35b28e), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x84c8d4df, 0xd2c63f3b),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc5dd4427, 0x1ad3cdba), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x936b9fce, 0xbb25c996),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xdbac6c24, 0x7d62a584), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa3ab6658, 0x0d5fdaf6),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf3e2f893, 0xdec3f126), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb5b5ada8, 0xaaff80b8),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x87625f05, 0x6c7c4a8b), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc9bcff60, 0x34c13053),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x964e858c, 0x91ba2655), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xdff97724, 0x70297ebd),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa6dfbd9f, 0xb8e5b88f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf8a95fcf, 0x88747d94),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb9447093, 0x8fa89bcf), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8a08f0f8, 0xbf0f156b),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcdb02555, 0x653131b6), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x993fe2c6, 0xd07b7fac),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe45c10c4, 0x2a2b3b06), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaa242499, 0x697392d3),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfd87b5f2, 0x8300ca0e), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbce50864, 0x92111aeb),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8cbccc09, 0x6f5088cc), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd1b71758, 0xe219652c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9c400000, 0x00000000), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe8d4a510, 0x00000000),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xad78ebc5, 0xac620000), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x813f3978, 0xf8940984),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc097ce7b, 0xc90715b3), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8f7e32ce, 0x7bea5c70),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd5d238a4, 0xabe98068), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9f4f2726, 0x179a2245),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xed63a231, 0xd4c4fb27), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb0de6538, 0x8cc8ada8),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x83c7088e, 0x1aab65db), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc45d1df9, 0x42711d9a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x924d692c, 0xa61be758), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xda01ee64, 0x1a708dea),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa26da399, 0x9aef774a), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf209787b, 0xb47d6b85),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb454e4a1, 0x79dd1877), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x865b8692, 0x5b9bc5c2),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc83553c5, 0xc8965d3d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x952ab45c, 0xfa97a0b3),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xde469fbd, 0x99a05fe3), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa59bc234, 0xdb398c25),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf6c69a72, 0xa3989f5c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xb7dcbf53, 0x54e9bece),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x88fcf317, 0xf22241e2), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xcc20ce9b, 0xd35c78a5),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x98165af3, 0x7b2153df), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe2a0b5dc, 0x971f303a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa8d9d153, 0x5ce3b396), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfb9b7cd9, 0xa4a7443c),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbb764c4c, 0xa7a44410), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8bab8eef, 0xb6409c1a),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd01fef10, 0xa657842c), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9b10a4e5, 0xe9913129),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xe7109bfb, 0xa19c0c9d), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xac2820d9, 0x623bf429),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80444b5e, 0x7aa7cf85), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xbf21e440, 0x03acdd2d),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x8e679c2f, 0x5e44ff8f), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xd433179d, 0x9c8cb841),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9e19db92, 0xb4e31ba9), RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xeb96bf6e, 0xbadf77d9),
+        RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xaf87023b, 0x9bf0ee6b)
+    };
+    static const int16_t kCachedPowers_E[] = {
+        -1220, -1193, -1166, -1140, -1113, -1087, -1060, -1034, -1007,  -980,
+        -954,  -927,  -901,  -874,  -847,  -821,  -794,  -768,  -741,  -715,
+        -688,  -661,  -635,  -608,  -582,  -555,  -529,  -502,  -475,  -449,
+        -422,  -396,  -369,  -343,  -316,  -289,  -263,  -236,  -210,  -183,
+        -157,  -130,  -103,   -77,   -50,   -24,     3,    30,    56,    83,
+        109,   136,   162,   189,   216,   242,   269,   295,   322,   348,
+        375,   402,   428,   455,   481,   508,   534,   561,   588,   614,
+        641,   667,   694,   720,   747,   774,   800,   827,   853,   880,
+        907,   933,   960,   986,  1013,  1039,  1066
+    };
+    return DiyFp(kCachedPowers_F[index], kCachedPowers_E[index]);
+}
+    
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPower(int e, int* K) {
+
+    //int k = static_cast<int>(ceil((-61 - e) * 0.30102999566398114)) + 374;
+    double dk = (-61 - e) * 0.30102999566398114 + 347;  // dk must be positive, so can do ceiling in positive
+    int k = static_cast<int>(dk);
+    if (dk - k > 0.0)
+        k++;
+
+    unsigned index = static_cast<unsigned>((k >> 3) + 1);
+    *K = -(-348 + static_cast<int>(index << 3));    // decimal exponent no need lookup table
+
+    return GetCachedPowerByIndex(index);
+}
+
+inline DiyFp GetCachedPower10(int exp, int *outExp) {
+     unsigned index = (static_cast<unsigned>(exp) + 348u) / 8u;
+     *outExp = -348 + static_cast<int>(index) * 8;
+     return GetCachedPowerByIndex(index);
+ }
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DIYFP_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d6350e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/dtoa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+// This is a C++ header-only implementation of Grisu2 algorithm from the publication:
+// Loitsch, Florian. "Printing floating-point numbers quickly and accurately with
+// integers." ACM Sigplan Notices 45.6 (2010): 233-243.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
+#define RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
+
+#include "itoa.h" // GetDigitsLut()
+#include "diyfp.h"
+#include "ieee754.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(array-bounds) // some gcc versions generate wrong warnings https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=59124
+#endif
+
+inline void GrisuRound(char* buffer, int len, uint64_t delta, uint64_t rest, uint64_t ten_kappa, uint64_t wp_w) {
+    while (rest < wp_w && delta - rest >= ten_kappa &&
+           (rest + ten_kappa < wp_w ||  /// closer
+            wp_w - rest > rest + ten_kappa - wp_w)) {
+        buffer[len - 1]--;
+        rest += ten_kappa;
+    }
+}
+
+inline unsigned CountDecimalDigit32(uint32_t n) {
+    // Simple pure C++ implementation was faster than __builtin_clz version in this situation.
+    if (n < 10) return 1;
+    if (n < 100) return 2;
+    if (n < 1000) return 3;
+    if (n < 10000) return 4;
+    if (n < 100000) return 5;
+    if (n < 1000000) return 6;
+    if (n < 10000000) return 7;
+    if (n < 100000000) return 8;
+    // Will not reach 10 digits in DigitGen()
+    //if (n < 1000000000) return 9;
+    //return 10;
+    return 9;
+}
+
+inline void DigitGen(const DiyFp& W, const DiyFp& Mp, uint64_t delta, char* buffer, int* len, int* K) {
+    static const uint32_t kPow10[] = { 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000, 10000000, 100000000, 1000000000 };
+    const DiyFp one(uint64_t(1) << -Mp.e, Mp.e);
+    const DiyFp wp_w = Mp - W;
+    uint32_t p1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(Mp.f >> -one.e);
+    uint64_t p2 = Mp.f & (one.f - 1);
+    unsigned kappa = CountDecimalDigit32(p1); // kappa in [0, 9]
+    *len = 0;
+
+    while (kappa > 0) {
+        uint32_t d = 0;
+        switch (kappa) {
+            case  9: d = p1 /  100000000; p1 %=  100000000; break;
+            case  8: d = p1 /   10000000; p1 %=   10000000; break;
+            case  7: d = p1 /    1000000; p1 %=    1000000; break;
+            case  6: d = p1 /     100000; p1 %=     100000; break;
+            case  5: d = p1 /      10000; p1 %=      10000; break;
+            case  4: d = p1 /       1000; p1 %=       1000; break;
+            case  3: d = p1 /        100; p1 %=        100; break;
+            case  2: d = p1 /         10; p1 %=         10; break;
+            case  1: d = p1;              p1 =           0; break;
+            default:;
+        }
+        if (d || *len)
+            buffer[(*len)++] = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(d));
+        kappa--;
+        uint64_t tmp = (static_cast<uint64_t>(p1) << -one.e) + p2;
+        if (tmp <= delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            GrisuRound(buffer, *len, delta, tmp, static_cast<uint64_t>(kPow10[kappa]) << -one.e, wp_w.f);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // kappa = 0
+    for (;;) {
+        p2 *= 10;
+        delta *= 10;
+        char d = static_cast<char>(p2 >> -one.e);
+        if (d || *len)
+            buffer[(*len)++] = static_cast<char>('0' + d);
+        p2 &= one.f - 1;
+        kappa--;
+        if (p2 < delta) {
+            *K += kappa;
+            int index = -static_cast<int>(kappa);
+            GrisuRound(buffer, *len, delta, p2, one.f, wp_w.f * (index < 9 ? kPow10[-static_cast<int>(kappa)] : 0));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline void Grisu2(double value, char* buffer, int* length, int* K) {
+    const DiyFp v(value);
+    DiyFp w_m, w_p;
+    v.NormalizedBoundaries(&w_m, &w_p);
+
+    const DiyFp c_mk = GetCachedPower(w_p.e, K);
+    const DiyFp W = v.Normalize() * c_mk;
+    DiyFp Wp = w_p * c_mk;
+    DiyFp Wm = w_m * c_mk;
+    Wm.f++;
+    Wp.f--;
+    DigitGen(W, Wp, Wp.f - Wm.f, buffer, length, K);
+}
+
+inline char* WriteExponent(int K, char* buffer) {
+    if (K < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        K = -K;
+    }
+
+    if (K >= 100) {
+        *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(K / 100));
+        K %= 100;
+        const char* d = GetDigitsLut() + K * 2;
+        *buffer++ = d[0];
+        *buffer++ = d[1];
+    }
+    else if (K >= 10) {
+        const char* d = GetDigitsLut() + K * 2;
+        *buffer++ = d[0];
+        *buffer++ = d[1];
+    }
+    else
+        *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(K));
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* Prettify(char* buffer, int length, int k, int maxDecimalPlaces) {
+    const int kk = length + k;  // 10^(kk-1) <= v < 10^kk
+
+    if (0 <= k && kk <= 21) {
+        // 1234e7 -> 12340000000
+        for (int i = length; i < kk; i++)
+            buffer[i] = '0';
+        buffer[kk] = '.';
+        buffer[kk + 1] = '0';
+        return &buffer[kk + 2];
+    }
+    else if (0 < kk && kk <= 21) {
+        // 1234e-2 -> 12.34
+        std::memmove(&buffer[kk + 1], &buffer[kk], static_cast<size_t>(length - kk));
+        buffer[kk] = '.';
+        if (0 > k + maxDecimalPlaces) {
+            // When maxDecimalPlaces = 2, 1.2345 -> 1.23, 1.102 -> 1.1
+            // Remove extra trailing zeros (at least one) after truncation.
+            for (int i = kk + maxDecimalPlaces; i > kk + 1; i--)
+                if (buffer[i] != '0')
+                    return &buffer[i + 1];
+            return &buffer[kk + 2]; // Reserve one zero
+        }
+        else
+            return &buffer[length + 1];
+    }
+    else if (-6 < kk && kk <= 0) {
+        // 1234e-6 -> 0.001234
+        const int offset = 2 - kk;
+        std::memmove(&buffer[offset], &buffer[0], static_cast<size_t>(length));
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        for (int i = 2; i < offset; i++)
+            buffer[i] = '0';
+        if (length - kk > maxDecimalPlaces) {
+            // When maxDecimalPlaces = 2, 0.123 -> 0.12, 0.102 -> 0.1
+            // Remove extra trailing zeros (at least one) after truncation.
+            for (int i = maxDecimalPlaces + 1; i > 2; i--)
+                if (buffer[i] != '0')
+                    return &buffer[i + 1];
+            return &buffer[3]; // Reserve one zero
+        }
+        else
+            return &buffer[length + offset];
+    }
+    else if (kk < -maxDecimalPlaces) {
+        // Truncate to zero
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[2] = '0';
+        return &buffer[3];
+    }
+    else if (length == 1) {
+        // 1e30
+        buffer[1] = 'e';
+        return WriteExponent(kk - 1, &buffer[2]);
+    }
+    else {
+        // 1234e30 -> 1.234e33
+        std::memmove(&buffer[2], &buffer[1], static_cast<size_t>(length - 1));
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[length + 1] = 'e';
+        return WriteExponent(kk - 1, &buffer[0 + length + 2]);
+    }
+}
+
+inline char* dtoa(double value, char* buffer, int maxDecimalPlaces = 324) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(maxDecimalPlaces >= 1);
+    Double d(value);
+    if (d.IsZero()) {
+        if (d.Sign())
+            *buffer++ = '-';     // -0.0, Issue #289
+        buffer[0] = '0';
+        buffer[1] = '.';
+        buffer[2] = '0';
+        return &buffer[3];
+    }
+    else {
+        if (value < 0) {
+            *buffer++ = '-';
+            value = -value;
+        }
+        int length, K;
+        Grisu2(value, buffer, &length, &K);
+        return Prettify(buffer, length, K, maxDecimalPlaces);
+    }
+}
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DTOA_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82bb0b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/ieee754.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
+#define RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+class Double {
+public:
+    Double() {}
+    Double(double d) : d_(d) {}
+    Double(uint64_t u) : u_(u) {}
+
+    double Value() const { return d_; }
+    uint64_t Uint64Value() const { return u_; }
+
+    double NextPositiveDouble() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Sign());
+        return Double(u_ + 1).Value();
+    }
+
+    bool Sign() const { return (u_ & kSignMask) != 0; }
+    uint64_t Significand() const { return u_ & kSignificandMask; }
+    int Exponent() const { return static_cast<int>(((u_ & kExponentMask) >> kSignificandSize) - kExponentBias); }
+
+    bool IsNan() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask && Significand() != 0; }
+    bool IsInf() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask && Significand() == 0; }
+    bool IsNanOrInf() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) == kExponentMask; }
+    bool IsNormal() const { return (u_ & kExponentMask) != 0 || Significand() == 0; }
+    bool IsZero() const { return (u_ & (kExponentMask | kSignificandMask)) == 0; }
+
+    uint64_t IntegerSignificand() const { return IsNormal() ? Significand() | kHiddenBit : Significand(); }
+    int IntegerExponent() const { return (IsNormal() ? Exponent() : kDenormalExponent) - kSignificandSize; }
+    uint64_t ToBias() const { return (u_ & kSignMask) ? ~u_ + 1 : u_ | kSignMask; }
+
+    static unsigned EffectiveSignificandSize(int order) {
+        if (order >= -1021)
+            return 53;
+        else if (order <= -1074)
+            return 0;
+        else
+            return static_cast<unsigned>(order) + 1074;
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const int kSignificandSize = 52;
+    static const int kExponentBias = 0x3FF;
+    static const int kDenormalExponent = 1 - kExponentBias;
+    static const uint64_t kSignMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x80000000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kExponentMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x7FF00000, 0x00000000);
+    static const uint64_t kSignificandMask = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x000FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF);
+    static const uint64_t kHiddenBit = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00100000, 0x00000000);
+
+    union {
+        double d_;
+        uint64_t u_;
+    };
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_IEEE754_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01a4e7e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/itoa.h
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+inline const char* GetDigitsLut() {
+    static const char cDigitsLut[200] = {
+        '0','0','0','1','0','2','0','3','0','4','0','5','0','6','0','7','0','8','0','9',
+        '1','0','1','1','1','2','1','3','1','4','1','5','1','6','1','7','1','8','1','9',
+        '2','0','2','1','2','2','2','3','2','4','2','5','2','6','2','7','2','8','2','9',
+        '3','0','3','1','3','2','3','3','3','4','3','5','3','6','3','7','3','8','3','9',
+        '4','0','4','1','4','2','4','3','4','4','4','5','4','6','4','7','4','8','4','9',
+        '5','0','5','1','5','2','5','3','5','4','5','5','5','6','5','7','5','8','5','9',
+        '6','0','6','1','6','2','6','3','6','4','6','5','6','6','6','7','6','8','6','9',
+        '7','0','7','1','7','2','7','3','7','4','7','5','7','6','7','7','7','8','7','9',
+        '8','0','8','1','8','2','8','3','8','4','8','5','8','6','8','7','8','8','8','9',
+        '9','0','9','1','9','2','9','3','9','4','9','5','9','6','9','7','9','8','9','9'
+    };
+    return cDigitsLut;
+}
+
+inline char* u32toa(uint32_t value, char* buffer) {
+    const char* cDigitsLut = GetDigitsLut();
+
+    if (value < 10000) {
+        const uint32_t d1 = (value / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (value % 100) << 1;
+        
+        if (value >= 1000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= 100)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= 10)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+    }
+    else if (value < 100000000) {
+        // value = bbbbcccc
+        const uint32_t b = value / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c = value % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+        
+        if (value >= 10000000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= 1000000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= 100000)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+    }
+    else {
+        // value = aabbbbcccc in decimal
+        
+        const uint32_t a = value / 100000000; // 1 to 42
+        value %= 100000000;
+        
+        if (a >= 10) {
+            const unsigned i = a << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a));
+
+        const uint32_t b = value / 10000; // 0 to 9999
+        const uint32_t c = value % 10000; // 0 to 9999
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+    }
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* i32toa(int32_t value, char* buffer) {
+    uint32_t u = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+    if (value < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        u = ~u + 1;
+    }
+
+    return u32toa(u, buffer);
+}
+
+inline char* u64toa(uint64_t value, char* buffer) {
+    const char* cDigitsLut = GetDigitsLut();
+    const uint64_t  kTen8 = 100000000;
+    const uint64_t  kTen9 = kTen8 * 10;
+    const uint64_t kTen10 = kTen8 * 100;
+    const uint64_t kTen11 = kTen8 * 1000;
+    const uint64_t kTen12 = kTen8 * 10000;
+    const uint64_t kTen13 = kTen8 * 100000;
+    const uint64_t kTen14 = kTen8 * 1000000;
+    const uint64_t kTen15 = kTen8 * 10000000;
+    const uint64_t kTen16 = kTen8 * kTen8;
+    
+    if (value < kTen8) {
+        uint32_t v = static_cast<uint32_t>(value);
+        if (v < 10000) {
+            const uint32_t d1 = (v / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d2 = (v % 100) << 1;
+            
+            if (v >= 1000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+            if (v >= 100)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+            if (v >= 10)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        }
+        else {
+            // value = bbbbcccc
+            const uint32_t b = v / 10000;
+            const uint32_t c = v % 10000;
+            
+            const uint32_t d1 = (b / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d2 = (b % 100) << 1;
+            
+            const uint32_t d3 = (c / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t d4 = (c % 100) << 1;
+            
+            if (value >= 10000000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+            if (value >= 1000000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+            if (value >= 100000)
+                *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+            
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        }
+    }
+    else if (value < kTen16) {
+        const uint32_t v0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen8);
+        const uint32_t v1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value % kTen8);
+        
+        const uint32_t b0 = v0 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c0 = v0 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b0 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c0 % 100) << 1;
+
+        const uint32_t b1 = v1 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c1 = v1 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d5 = (b1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d6 = (b1 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d7 = (c1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d8 = (c1 % 100) << 1;
+
+        if (value >= kTen15)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        if (value >= kTen14)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen13)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        if (value >= kTen12)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen11)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        if (value >= kTen10)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        if (value >= kTen9)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        if (value >= kTen8)
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8 + 1];
+    }
+    else {
+        const uint32_t a = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen16); // 1 to 1844
+        value %= kTen16;
+        
+        if (a < 10)
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a));
+        else if (a < 100) {
+            const uint32_t i = a << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else if (a < 1000) {
+            *buffer++ = static_cast<char>('0' + static_cast<char>(a / 100));
+            
+            const uint32_t i = (a % 100) << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+        }
+        else {
+            const uint32_t i = (a / 100) << 1;
+            const uint32_t j = (a % 100) << 1;
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[i + 1];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[j];
+            *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[j + 1];
+        }
+        
+        const uint32_t v0 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value / kTen8);
+        const uint32_t v1 = static_cast<uint32_t>(value % kTen8);
+        
+        const uint32_t b0 = v0 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c0 = v0 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d1 = (b0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d2 = (b0 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d3 = (c0 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d4 = (c0 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t b1 = v1 / 10000;
+        const uint32_t c1 = v1 % 10000;
+        
+        const uint32_t d5 = (b1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d6 = (b1 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        const uint32_t d7 = (c1 / 100) << 1;
+        const uint32_t d8 = (c1 % 100) << 1;
+        
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d1 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d2 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d3 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d4 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d5 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d6 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d7 + 1];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8];
+        *buffer++ = cDigitsLut[d8 + 1];
+    }
+    
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+inline char* i64toa(int64_t value, char* buffer) {
+    uint64_t u = static_cast<uint64_t>(value);
+    if (value < 0) {
+        *buffer++ = '-';
+        u = ~u + 1;
+    }
+
+    return u64toa(u, buffer);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ITOA_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/meta.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a9aaa4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/meta.h
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(6334)
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+#include <type_traits>
+#endif
+
+//@cond RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+// Helper to wrap/convert arbitrary types to void, useful for arbitrary type matching
+template <typename T> struct Void { typedef void Type; };
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BoolType, TrueType, FalseType
+//
+template <bool Cond> struct BoolType {
+    static const bool Value = Cond;
+    typedef BoolType Type;
+};
+typedef BoolType<true> TrueType;
+typedef BoolType<false> FalseType;
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SelectIf, BoolExpr, NotExpr, AndExpr, OrExpr
+//
+
+template <bool C> struct SelectIfImpl { template <typename T1, typename T2> struct Apply { typedef T1 Type; }; };
+template <> struct SelectIfImpl<false> { template <typename T1, typename T2> struct Apply { typedef T2 Type; }; };
+template <bool C, typename T1, typename T2> struct SelectIfCond : SelectIfImpl<C>::template Apply<T1,T2> {};
+template <typename C, typename T1, typename T2> struct SelectIf : SelectIfCond<C::Value, T1, T2> {};
+
+template <bool Cond1, bool Cond2> struct AndExprCond : FalseType {};
+template <> struct AndExprCond<true, true> : TrueType {};
+template <bool Cond1, bool Cond2> struct OrExprCond : TrueType {};
+template <> struct OrExprCond<false, false> : FalseType {};
+
+template <typename C> struct BoolExpr : SelectIf<C,TrueType,FalseType>::Type {};
+template <typename C> struct NotExpr  : SelectIf<C,FalseType,TrueType>::Type {};
+template <typename C1, typename C2> struct AndExpr : AndExprCond<C1::Value, C2::Value>::Type {};
+template <typename C1, typename C2> struct OrExpr  : OrExprCond<C1::Value, C2::Value>::Type {};
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// AddConst, MaybeAddConst, RemoveConst
+template <typename T> struct AddConst { typedef const T Type; };
+template <bool Constify, typename T> struct MaybeAddConst : SelectIfCond<Constify, const T, T> {};
+template <typename T> struct RemoveConst { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct RemoveConst<const T> { typedef T Type; };
+
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IsSame, IsConst, IsMoreConst, IsPointer
+//
+template <typename T, typename U> struct IsSame : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsSame<T, T> : TrueType {};
+
+template <typename T> struct IsConst : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsConst<const T> : TrueType {};
+
+template <typename CT, typename T>
+struct IsMoreConst
+    : AndExpr<IsSame<typename RemoveConst<CT>::Type, typename RemoveConst<T>::Type>,
+              BoolType<IsConst<CT>::Value >= IsConst<T>::Value> >::Type {};
+
+template <typename T> struct IsPointer : FalseType {};
+template <typename T> struct IsPointer<T*> : TrueType {};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IsBaseOf
+//
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+
+template <typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOf
+    : BoolType< ::std::is_base_of<B,D>::value> {};
+
+#else // simplified version adopted from Boost
+
+template<typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOfImpl {
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(B) != 0);
+    RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(sizeof(D) != 0);
+
+    typedef char (&Yes)[1];
+    typedef char (&No) [2];
+
+    template <typename T>
+    static Yes Check(const D*, T);
+    static No  Check(const B*, int);
+
+    struct Host {
+        operator const B*() const;
+        operator const D*();
+    };
+
+    enum { Value = (sizeof(Check(Host(), 0)) == sizeof(Yes)) };
+};
+
+template <typename B, typename D> struct IsBaseOf
+    : OrExpr<IsSame<B, D>, BoolExpr<IsBaseOfImpl<B, D> > >::Type {};
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// EnableIf / DisableIf
+//
+template <bool Condition, typename T = void> struct EnableIfCond  { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct EnableIfCond<false, T> { /* empty */ };
+
+template <bool Condition, typename T = void> struct DisableIfCond { typedef T Type; };
+template <typename T> struct DisableIfCond<true, T> { /* empty */ };
+
+template <typename Condition, typename T = void>
+struct EnableIf : EnableIfCond<Condition::Value, T> {};
+
+template <typename Condition, typename T = void>
+struct DisableIf : DisableIfCond<Condition::Value, T> {};
+
+// SFINAE helpers
+struct SfinaeTag {};
+template <typename T> struct RemoveSfinaeTag;
+template <typename T> struct RemoveSfinaeTag<SfinaeTag&(*)(T)> { typedef T Type; };
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(type) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::RemoveSfinaeTag \
+        < ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::SfinaeTag&(*) type>::Type
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF(cond) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::EnableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond)>::Type * = NULL
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF(cond) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::DisableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond)>::Type * = NULL
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_ENABLEIF_RETURN(cond,returntype) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::EnableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond), \
+         RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(returntype)>::Type
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN(cond,returntype) \
+    typename ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::internal::DisableIf \
+        <RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(cond), \
+         RAPIDJSON_REMOVEFPTR_(returntype)>::Type
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+//@endcond
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_META_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02f475d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/pow10.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_POW10_
+#define RAPIDJSON_POW10_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Computes integer powers of 10 in double (10.0^n).
+/*! This function uses lookup table for fast and accurate results.
+    \param n non-negative exponent. Must <= 308.
+    \return 10.0^n
+*/
+inline double Pow10(int n) {
+    static const double e[] = { // 1e-0...1e308: 309 * 8 bytes = 2472 bytes
+        1e+0,  
+        1e+1,  1e+2,  1e+3,  1e+4,  1e+5,  1e+6,  1e+7,  1e+8,  1e+9,  1e+10, 1e+11, 1e+12, 1e+13, 1e+14, 1e+15, 1e+16, 1e+17, 1e+18, 1e+19, 1e+20, 
+        1e+21, 1e+22, 1e+23, 1e+24, 1e+25, 1e+26, 1e+27, 1e+28, 1e+29, 1e+30, 1e+31, 1e+32, 1e+33, 1e+34, 1e+35, 1e+36, 1e+37, 1e+38, 1e+39, 1e+40,
+        1e+41, 1e+42, 1e+43, 1e+44, 1e+45, 1e+46, 1e+47, 1e+48, 1e+49, 1e+50, 1e+51, 1e+52, 1e+53, 1e+54, 1e+55, 1e+56, 1e+57, 1e+58, 1e+59, 1e+60,
+        1e+61, 1e+62, 1e+63, 1e+64, 1e+65, 1e+66, 1e+67, 1e+68, 1e+69, 1e+70, 1e+71, 1e+72, 1e+73, 1e+74, 1e+75, 1e+76, 1e+77, 1e+78, 1e+79, 1e+80,
+        1e+81, 1e+82, 1e+83, 1e+84, 1e+85, 1e+86, 1e+87, 1e+88, 1e+89, 1e+90, 1e+91, 1e+92, 1e+93, 1e+94, 1e+95, 1e+96, 1e+97, 1e+98, 1e+99, 1e+100,
+        1e+101,1e+102,1e+103,1e+104,1e+105,1e+106,1e+107,1e+108,1e+109,1e+110,1e+111,1e+112,1e+113,1e+114,1e+115,1e+116,1e+117,1e+118,1e+119,1e+120,
+        1e+121,1e+122,1e+123,1e+124,1e+125,1e+126,1e+127,1e+128,1e+129,1e+130,1e+131,1e+132,1e+133,1e+134,1e+135,1e+136,1e+137,1e+138,1e+139,1e+140,
+        1e+141,1e+142,1e+143,1e+144,1e+145,1e+146,1e+147,1e+148,1e+149,1e+150,1e+151,1e+152,1e+153,1e+154,1e+155,1e+156,1e+157,1e+158,1e+159,1e+160,
+        1e+161,1e+162,1e+163,1e+164,1e+165,1e+166,1e+167,1e+168,1e+169,1e+170,1e+171,1e+172,1e+173,1e+174,1e+175,1e+176,1e+177,1e+178,1e+179,1e+180,
+        1e+181,1e+182,1e+183,1e+184,1e+185,1e+186,1e+187,1e+188,1e+189,1e+190,1e+191,1e+192,1e+193,1e+194,1e+195,1e+196,1e+197,1e+198,1e+199,1e+200,
+        1e+201,1e+202,1e+203,1e+204,1e+205,1e+206,1e+207,1e+208,1e+209,1e+210,1e+211,1e+212,1e+213,1e+214,1e+215,1e+216,1e+217,1e+218,1e+219,1e+220,
+        1e+221,1e+222,1e+223,1e+224,1e+225,1e+226,1e+227,1e+228,1e+229,1e+230,1e+231,1e+232,1e+233,1e+234,1e+235,1e+236,1e+237,1e+238,1e+239,1e+240,
+        1e+241,1e+242,1e+243,1e+244,1e+245,1e+246,1e+247,1e+248,1e+249,1e+250,1e+251,1e+252,1e+253,1e+254,1e+255,1e+256,1e+257,1e+258,1e+259,1e+260,
+        1e+261,1e+262,1e+263,1e+264,1e+265,1e+266,1e+267,1e+268,1e+269,1e+270,1e+271,1e+272,1e+273,1e+274,1e+275,1e+276,1e+277,1e+278,1e+279,1e+280,
+        1e+281,1e+282,1e+283,1e+284,1e+285,1e+286,1e+287,1e+288,1e+289,1e+290,1e+291,1e+292,1e+293,1e+294,1e+295,1e+296,1e+297,1e+298,1e+299,1e+300,
+        1e+301,1e+302,1e+303,1e+304,1e+305,1e+306,1e+307,1e+308
+    };
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(n >= 0 && n <= 308);
+    return e[n];
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_POW10_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/regex.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/regex.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..422a524
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/regex.h
@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
+
+#include "../allocators.h"
+#include "../stream.h"
+#include "stack.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(implicit-fallthrough)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE 0
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericRegex
+
+static const SizeType kRegexInvalidState = ~SizeType(0);  //!< Represents an invalid index in GenericRegex::State::out, out1
+static const SizeType kRegexInvalidRange = ~SizeType(0);
+
+//! Regular expression engine with subset of ECMAscript grammar.
+/*!
+    Supported regular expression syntax:
+    - \c ab     Concatenation
+    - \c a|b    Alternation
+    - \c a?     Zero or one
+    - \c a*     Zero or more
+    - \c a+     One or more
+    - \c a{3}   Exactly 3 times
+    - \c a{3,}  At least 3 times
+    - \c a{3,5} 3 to 5 times
+    - \c (ab)   Grouping
+    - \c ^a     At the beginning
+    - \c a$     At the end
+    - \c .      Any character
+    - \c [abc]  Character classes
+    - \c [a-c]  Character class range
+    - \c [a-z0-9_] Character class combination
+    - \c [^abc] Negated character classes
+    - \c [^a-c] Negated character class range
+    - \c [\b]   Backspace (U+0008)
+    - \c \\| \\\\ ...  Escape characters
+    - \c \\f Form feed (U+000C)
+    - \c \\n Line feed (U+000A)
+    - \c \\r Carriage return (U+000D)
+    - \c \\t Tab (U+0009)
+    - \c \\v Vertical tab (U+000B)
+
+    \note This is a Thompson NFA engine, implemented with reference to 
+        Cox, Russ. "Regular Expression Matching Can Be Simple And Fast (but is slow in Java, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby,...).", 
+        https://swtch.com/~rsc/regexp/regexp1.html 
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericRegex {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericRegex(const Ch* source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : 
+        states_(allocator, 256), ranges_(allocator, 256), root_(kRegexInvalidState), stateCount_(), rangeCount_(), 
+        stateSet_(), state0_(allocator, 0), state1_(allocator, 0), anchorBegin_(), anchorEnd_()
+    {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> ss(source);
+        DecodedStream<GenericStringStream<Encoding> > ds(ss);
+        Parse(ds);
+    }
+
+    ~GenericRegex() {
+        Allocator::Free(stateSet_);
+    }
+
+    bool IsValid() const {
+        return root_ != kRegexInvalidState;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool Match(InputStream& is) const {
+        return SearchWithAnchoring(is, true, true);
+    }
+
+    bool Match(const Ch* s) const {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+        return Match(is);
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool Search(InputStream& is) const {
+        return SearchWithAnchoring(is, anchorBegin_, anchorEnd_);
+    }
+
+    bool Search(const Ch* s) const {
+        GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+        return Search(is);
+    }
+
+private:
+    enum Operator {
+        kZeroOrOne,
+        kZeroOrMore,
+        kOneOrMore,
+        kConcatenation,
+        kAlternation,
+        kLeftParenthesis
+    };
+
+    static const unsigned kAnyCharacterClass = 0xFFFFFFFF;   //!< For '.'
+    static const unsigned kRangeCharacterClass = 0xFFFFFFFE;
+    static const unsigned kRangeNegationFlag = 0x80000000;
+
+    struct Range {
+        unsigned start; // 
+        unsigned end;
+        SizeType next;
+    };
+
+    struct State {
+        SizeType out;     //!< Equals to kInvalid for matching state
+        SizeType out1;    //!< Equals to non-kInvalid for split
+        SizeType rangeStart;
+        unsigned codepoint;
+    };
+
+    struct Frag {
+        Frag(SizeType s, SizeType o, SizeType m) : start(s), out(o), minIndex(m) {}
+        SizeType start;
+        SizeType out; //!< link-list of all output states
+        SizeType minIndex;
+    };
+
+    template <typename SourceStream>
+    class DecodedStream {
+    public:
+        DecodedStream(SourceStream& ss) : ss_(ss), codepoint_() { Decode(); }
+        unsigned Peek() { return codepoint_; }
+        unsigned Take() {
+            unsigned c = codepoint_;
+            if (c) // No further decoding when '\0'
+                Decode();
+            return c;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        void Decode() {
+            if (!Encoding::Decode(ss_, &codepoint_))
+                codepoint_ = 0;
+        }
+
+        SourceStream& ss_;
+        unsigned codepoint_;
+    };
+
+    State& GetState(SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < stateCount_);
+        return states_.template Bottom<State>()[index];
+    }
+
+    const State& GetState(SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < stateCount_);
+        return states_.template Bottom<State>()[index];
+    }
+
+    Range& GetRange(SizeType index) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < rangeCount_);
+        return ranges_.template Bottom<Range>()[index];
+    }
+
+    const Range& GetRange(SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index < rangeCount_);
+        return ranges_.template Bottom<Range>()[index];
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    void Parse(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds) {
+        Allocator allocator;
+        Stack<Allocator> operandStack(&allocator, 256);     // Frag
+        Stack<Allocator> operatorStack(&allocator, 256);    // Operator
+        Stack<Allocator> atomCountStack(&allocator, 256);   // unsigned (Atom per parenthesis)
+
+        *atomCountStack.template Push<unsigned>() = 0;
+
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while (ds.Peek() != 0) {
+            switch (codepoint = ds.Take()) {
+                case '^':
+                    anchorBegin_ = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case '$':
+                    anchorEnd_ = true;
+                    break;
+
+                case '|':
+                    while (!operatorStack.Empty() && *operatorStack.template Top<Operator>() < kAlternation)
+                        if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                            return;
+                    *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kAlternation;
+                    *atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>() = 0;
+                    break;
+
+                case '(':
+                    *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kLeftParenthesis;
+                    *atomCountStack.template Push<unsigned>() = 0;
+                    break;
+
+                case ')':
+                    while (!operatorStack.Empty() && *operatorStack.template Top<Operator>() != kLeftParenthesis)
+                        if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                            return;
+                    if (operatorStack.Empty())
+                        return;
+                    operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1);
+                    atomCountStack.template Pop<unsigned>(1);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '?':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '*':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrMore))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '+':
+                    if (!Eval(operandStack, kOneOrMore))
+                        return;
+                    break;
+
+                case '{':
+                    {
+                        unsigned n, m;
+                        if (!ParseUnsigned(ds, &n))
+                            return;
+
+                        if (ds.Peek() == ',') {
+                            ds.Take();
+                            if (ds.Peek() == '}')
+                                m = kInfinityQuantifier;
+                            else if (!ParseUnsigned(ds, &m) || m < n)
+                                return;
+                        }
+                        else
+                            m = n;
+
+                        if (!EvalQuantifier(operandStack, n, m) || ds.Peek() != '}')
+                            return;
+                        ds.Take();
+                    }
+                    break;
+
+                case '.':
+                    PushOperand(operandStack, kAnyCharacterClass);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '[':
+                    {
+                        SizeType range;
+                        if (!ParseRange(ds, &range))
+                            return;
+                        SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, kRangeCharacterClass);
+                        GetState(s).rangeStart = range;
+                        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, s);
+                    }
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+                    break;
+
+                case '\\': // Escape character
+                    if (!CharacterEscape(ds, &codepoint))
+                        return; // Unsupported escape character
+                    // fall through to default
+
+                default: // Pattern character
+                    PushOperand(operandStack, codepoint);
+                    ImplicitConcatenation(atomCountStack, operatorStack);
+            }
+        }
+
+        while (!operatorStack.Empty())
+            if (!Eval(operandStack, *operatorStack.template Pop<Operator>(1)))
+                return;
+
+        // Link the operand to matching state.
+        if (operandStack.GetSize() == sizeof(Frag)) {
+            Frag* e = operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+            Patch(e->out, NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, 0));
+            root_ = e->start;
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_REGEX_VERBOSE
+            printf("root: %d\n", root_);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < stateCount_ ; i++) {
+                State& s = GetState(i);
+                printf("[%2d] out: %2d out1: %2d c: '%c'\n", i, s.out, s.out1, (char)s.codepoint);
+            }
+            printf("\n");
+#endif
+        }
+
+        // Preallocate buffer for SearchWithAnchoring()
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stateSet_ == 0);
+        if (stateCount_ > 0) {
+            stateSet_ = static_cast<unsigned*>(states_.GetAllocator().Malloc(GetStateSetSize()));
+            state0_.template Reserve<SizeType>(stateCount_);
+            state1_.template Reserve<SizeType>(stateCount_);
+        }
+    }
+
+    SizeType NewState(SizeType out, SizeType out1, unsigned codepoint) {
+        State* s = states_.template Push<State>();
+        s->out = out;
+        s->out1 = out1;
+        s->codepoint = codepoint;
+        s->rangeStart = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        return stateCount_++;
+    }
+
+    void PushOperand(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, unsigned codepoint) {
+        SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, kRegexInvalidState, codepoint);
+        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, s);
+    }
+
+    void ImplicitConcatenation(Stack<Allocator>& atomCountStack, Stack<Allocator>& operatorStack) {
+        if (*atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>())
+            *operatorStack.template Push<Operator>() = kConcatenation;
+        (*atomCountStack.template Top<unsigned>())++;
+    }
+
+    SizeType Append(SizeType l1, SizeType l2) {
+        SizeType old = l1;
+        while (GetState(l1).out != kRegexInvalidState)
+            l1 = GetState(l1).out;
+        GetState(l1).out = l2;
+        return old;
+    }
+
+    void Patch(SizeType l, SizeType s) {
+        for (SizeType next; l != kRegexInvalidState; l = next) {
+            next = GetState(l).out;
+            GetState(l).out = s;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool Eval(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, Operator op) {
+        switch (op) {
+            case kConcatenation:
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag) * 2);
+                {
+                    Frag e2 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Frag e1 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Patch(e1.out, e2.start);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(e1.start, e2.out, Min(e1.minIndex, e2.minIndex));
+                }
+                return true;
+
+            case kAlternation:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag) * 2) {
+                    Frag e2 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    Frag e1 = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(e1.start, e2.start, 0);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, Append(e1.out, e2.out), Min(e1.minIndex, e2.minIndex));
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            case kZeroOrOne:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, Append(e.out, s), e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            case kZeroOrMore:
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    Patch(e.out, s);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(s, s, e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+
+            default: 
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(op == kOneOrMore);
+                if (operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag)) {
+                    Frag e = *operandStack.template Pop<Frag>(1);
+                    SizeType s = NewState(kRegexInvalidState, e.start, 0);
+                    Patch(e.out, s);
+                    *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(e.start, s, e.minIndex);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool EvalQuantifier(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack, unsigned n, unsigned m) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(n <= m);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(operandStack.GetSize() >= sizeof(Frag));
+
+        if (n == 0) {
+            if (m == 0)                             // a{0} not support
+                return false;
+            else if (m == kInfinityQuantifier)
+                Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrMore);    // a{0,} -> a*
+            else {
+                Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne);         // a{0,5} -> a?
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
+                    CloneTopOperand(operandStack);      // a{0,5} -> a? a? a? a? a?
+                for (unsigned i = 0; i < m - 1; i++)
+                    Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation); // a{0,5} -> a?a?a?a?a?
+            }
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)        // a{3} -> a a a
+            CloneTopOperand(operandStack);
+
+        if (m == kInfinityQuantifier)
+            Eval(operandStack, kOneOrMore);         // a{3,} -> a a a+
+        else if (m > n) {
+            CloneTopOperand(operandStack);          // a{3,5} -> a a a a
+            Eval(operandStack, kZeroOrOne);         // a{3,5} -> a a a a?
+            for (unsigned i = n; i < m - 1; i++)
+                CloneTopOperand(operandStack);      // a{3,5} -> a a a a? a?
+            for (unsigned i = n; i < m; i++)
+                Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation); // a{3,5} -> a a aa?a?
+        }
+
+        for (unsigned i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
+            Eval(operandStack, kConcatenation);     // a{3} -> aaa, a{3,} -> aaa+, a{3.5} -> aaaa?a?
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static SizeType Min(SizeType a, SizeType b) { return a < b ? a : b; }
+
+    void CloneTopOperand(Stack<Allocator>& operandStack) {
+        const Frag src = *operandStack.template Top<Frag>(); // Copy constructor to prevent invalidation
+        SizeType count = stateCount_ - src.minIndex; // Assumes top operand contains states in [src->minIndex, stateCount_)
+        State* s = states_.template Push<State>(count);
+        memcpy(s, &GetState(src.minIndex), count * sizeof(State));
+        for (SizeType j = 0; j < count; j++) {
+            if (s[j].out != kRegexInvalidState)
+                s[j].out += count;
+            if (s[j].out1 != kRegexInvalidState)
+                s[j].out1 += count;
+        }
+        *operandStack.template Push<Frag>() = Frag(src.start + count, src.out + count, src.minIndex + count);
+        stateCount_ += count;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool ParseUnsigned(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds, unsigned* u) {
+        unsigned r = 0;
+        if (ds.Peek() < '0' || ds.Peek() > '9')
+            return false;
+        while (ds.Peek() >= '0' && ds.Peek() <= '9') {
+            if (r >= 429496729 && ds.Peek() > '5') // 2^32 - 1 = 4294967295
+                return false; // overflow
+            r = r * 10 + (ds.Take() - '0');
+        }
+        *u = r;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool ParseRange(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds, SizeType* range) {
+        bool isBegin = true;
+        bool negate = false;
+        int step = 0;
+        SizeType start = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        SizeType current = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while ((codepoint = ds.Take()) != 0) {
+            if (isBegin) {
+                isBegin = false;
+                if (codepoint == '^') {
+                    negate = true;
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            switch (codepoint) {
+            case ']':
+                if (start == kRegexInvalidRange)
+                    return false;   // Error: nothing inside []
+                if (step == 2) { // Add trailing '-'
+                    SizeType r = NewRange('-');
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(current != kRegexInvalidRange);
+                    GetRange(current).next = r;
+                }
+                if (negate)
+                    GetRange(start).start |= kRangeNegationFlag;
+                *range = start;
+                return true;
+
+            case '\\':
+                if (ds.Peek() == 'b') {
+                    ds.Take();
+                    codepoint = 0x0008; // Escape backspace character
+                }
+                else if (!CharacterEscape(ds, &codepoint))
+                    return false;
+                // fall through to default
+
+            default:
+                switch (step) {
+                case 1:
+                    if (codepoint == '-') {
+                        step++;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    // fall through to step 0 for other characters
+
+                case 0:
+                    {
+                        SizeType r = NewRange(codepoint);
+                        if (current != kRegexInvalidRange)
+                            GetRange(current).next = r;
+                        if (start == kRegexInvalidRange)
+                            start = r;
+                        current = r;
+                    }
+                    step = 1;
+                    break;
+
+                default:
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(step == 2);
+                    GetRange(current).end = codepoint;
+                    step = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+    
+    SizeType NewRange(unsigned codepoint) {
+        Range* r = ranges_.template Push<Range>();
+        r->start = r->end = codepoint;
+        r->next = kRegexInvalidRange;
+        return rangeCount_++;
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool CharacterEscape(DecodedStream<InputStream>& ds, unsigned* escapedCodepoint) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        switch (codepoint = ds.Take()) {
+            case '^':
+            case '$':
+            case '|':
+            case '(':
+            case ')':
+            case '?':
+            case '*':
+            case '+':
+            case '.':
+            case '[':
+            case ']':
+            case '{':
+            case '}':
+            case '\\':
+                *escapedCodepoint = codepoint; return true;
+            case 'f': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000C; return true;
+            case 'n': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000A; return true;
+            case 'r': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000D; return true;
+            case 't': *escapedCodepoint = 0x0009; return true;
+            case 'v': *escapedCodepoint = 0x000B; return true;
+            default:
+                return false; // Unsupported escape character
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    bool SearchWithAnchoring(InputStream& is, bool anchorBegin, bool anchorEnd) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        DecodedStream<InputStream> ds(is);
+
+        state0_.Clear();
+        Stack<Allocator> *current = &state0_, *next = &state1_;
+        const size_t stateSetSize = GetStateSetSize();
+        std::memset(stateSet_, 0, stateSetSize);
+
+        bool matched = AddState(*current, root_);
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        while (!current->Empty() && (codepoint = ds.Take()) != 0) {
+            std::memset(stateSet_, 0, stateSetSize);
+            next->Clear();
+            matched = false;
+            for (const SizeType* s = current->template Bottom<SizeType>(); s != current->template End<SizeType>(); ++s) {
+                const State& sr = GetState(*s);
+                if (sr.codepoint == codepoint ||
+                    sr.codepoint == kAnyCharacterClass || 
+                    (sr.codepoint == kRangeCharacterClass && MatchRange(sr.rangeStart, codepoint)))
+                {
+                    matched = AddState(*next, sr.out) || matched;
+                    if (!anchorEnd && matched)
+                        return true;
+                }
+                if (!anchorBegin)
+                    AddState(*next, root_);
+            }
+            internal::Swap(current, next);
+        }
+
+        return matched;
+    }
+
+    size_t GetStateSetSize() const {
+        return (stateCount_ + 31) / 32 * 4;
+    }
+
+    // Return whether the added states is a match state
+    bool AddState(Stack<Allocator>& l, SizeType index) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(index != kRegexInvalidState);
+
+        const State& s = GetState(index);
+        if (s.out1 != kRegexInvalidState) { // Split
+            bool matched = AddState(l, s.out);
+            return AddState(l, s.out1) || matched;
+        }
+        else if (!(stateSet_[index >> 5] & (1 << (index & 31)))) {
+            stateSet_[index >> 5] |= (1 << (index & 31));
+            *l.template PushUnsafe<SizeType>() = index;
+        }
+        return s.out == kRegexInvalidState; // by using PushUnsafe() above, we can ensure s is not validated due to reallocation.
+    }
+
+    bool MatchRange(SizeType rangeIndex, unsigned codepoint) const {
+        bool yes = (GetRange(rangeIndex).start & kRangeNegationFlag) == 0;
+        while (rangeIndex != kRegexInvalidRange) {
+            const Range& r = GetRange(rangeIndex);
+            if (codepoint >= (r.start & ~kRangeNegationFlag) && codepoint <= r.end)
+                return yes;
+            rangeIndex = r.next;
+        }
+        return !yes;
+    }
+
+    Stack<Allocator> states_;
+    Stack<Allocator> ranges_;
+    SizeType root_;
+    SizeType stateCount_;
+    SizeType rangeCount_;
+
+    static const unsigned kInfinityQuantifier = ~0u;
+
+    // For SearchWithAnchoring()
+    uint32_t* stateSet_;        // allocated by states_.GetAllocator()
+    mutable Stack<Allocator> state0_;
+    mutable Stack<Allocator> state1_;
+    bool anchorBegin_;
+    bool anchorEnd_;
+};
+
+typedef GenericRegex<UTF8<> > Regex;
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_REGEX_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/stack.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/stack.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..022c9aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/stack.h
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STACK_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STACK_H_
+
+#include "../allocators.h"
+#include "swap.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Stack
+
+//! A type-unsafe stack for storing different types of data.
+/*! \tparam Allocator Allocator for allocating stack memory.
+*/
+template <typename Allocator>
+class Stack {
+public:
+    // Optimization note: Do not allocate memory for stack_ in constructor.
+    // Do it lazily when first Push() -> Expand() -> Resize().
+    Stack(Allocator* allocator, size_t stackCapacity) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(0), stack_(0), stackTop_(0), stackEnd_(0), initialCapacity_(stackCapacity) {
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    Stack(Stack&& rhs)
+        : allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+          ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+          stack_(rhs.stack_),
+          stackTop_(rhs.stackTop_),
+          stackEnd_(rhs.stackEnd_),
+          initialCapacity_(rhs.initialCapacity_)
+    {
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.stack_ = 0;
+        rhs.stackTop_ = 0;
+        rhs.stackEnd_ = 0;
+        rhs.initialCapacity_ = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    ~Stack() {
+        Destroy();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    Stack& operator=(Stack&& rhs) {
+        if (&rhs != this)
+        {
+            Destroy();
+
+            allocator_ = rhs.allocator_;
+            ownAllocator_ = rhs.ownAllocator_;
+            stack_ = rhs.stack_;
+            stackTop_ = rhs.stackTop_;
+            stackEnd_ = rhs.stackEnd_;
+            initialCapacity_ = rhs.initialCapacity_;
+
+            rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+            rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+            rhs.stack_ = 0;
+            rhs.stackTop_ = 0;
+            rhs.stackEnd_ = 0;
+            rhs.initialCapacity_ = 0;
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Swap(Stack& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+        internal::Swap(allocator_, rhs.allocator_);
+        internal::Swap(ownAllocator_, rhs.ownAllocator_);
+        internal::Swap(stack_, rhs.stack_);
+        internal::Swap(stackTop_, rhs.stackTop_);
+        internal::Swap(stackEnd_, rhs.stackEnd_);
+        internal::Swap(initialCapacity_, rhs.initialCapacity_);
+    }
+
+    void Clear() { stackTop_ = stack_; }
+
+    void ShrinkToFit() { 
+        if (Empty()) {
+            // If the stack is empty, completely deallocate the memory.
+            Allocator::Free(stack_);
+            stack_ = 0;
+            stackTop_ = 0;
+            stackEnd_ = 0;
+        }
+        else
+            Resize(GetSize());
+    }
+
+    // Optimization note: try to minimize the size of this function for force inline.
+    // Expansion is run very infrequently, so it is moved to another (probably non-inline) function.
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Reserve(size_t count = 1) {
+         // Expand the stack if needed
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(stackTop_ + sizeof(T) * count > stackEnd_))
+            Expand<T>(count);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE T* Push(size_t count = 1) {
+        Reserve<T>(count);
+        return PushUnsafe<T>(count);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE T* PushUnsafe(size_t count = 1) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(stackTop_ + sizeof(T) * count <= stackEnd_);
+        T* ret = reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_);
+        stackTop_ += sizeof(T) * count;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Pop(size_t count) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= count * sizeof(T));
+        stackTop_ -= count * sizeof(T);
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_);
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Top() { 
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= sizeof(T));
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_ - sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* Top() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(GetSize() >= sizeof(T));
+        return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_ - sizeof(T));
+    }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* End() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* End() const { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stackTop_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    T* Bottom() { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stack_); }
+
+    template<typename T>
+    const T* Bottom() const { return reinterpret_cast<T*>(stack_); }
+
+    bool HasAllocator() const {
+        return allocator_ != 0;
+    }
+
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(allocator_);
+        return *allocator_;
+    }
+
+    bool Empty() const { return stackTop_ == stack_; }
+    size_t GetSize() const { return static_cast<size_t>(stackTop_ - stack_); }
+    size_t GetCapacity() const { return static_cast<size_t>(stackEnd_ - stack_); }
+
+private:
+    template<typename T>
+    void Expand(size_t count) {
+        // Only expand the capacity if the current stack exists. Otherwise just create a stack with initial capacity.
+        size_t newCapacity;
+        if (stack_ == 0) {
+            if (!allocator_)
+                ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+            newCapacity = initialCapacity_;
+        } else {
+            newCapacity = GetCapacity();
+            newCapacity += (newCapacity + 1) / 2;
+        }
+        size_t newSize = GetSize() + sizeof(T) * count;
+        if (newCapacity < newSize)
+            newCapacity = newSize;
+
+        Resize(newCapacity);
+    }
+
+    void Resize(size_t newCapacity) {
+        const size_t size = GetSize();  // Backup the current size
+        stack_ = static_cast<char*>(allocator_->Realloc(stack_, GetCapacity(), newCapacity));
+        stackTop_ = stack_ + size;
+        stackEnd_ = stack_ + newCapacity;
+    }
+
+    void Destroy() {
+        Allocator::Free(stack_);
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_); // Only delete if it is owned by the stack
+    }
+
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    Stack(const Stack&);
+    Stack& operator=(const Stack&);
+
+    Allocator* allocator_;
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;
+    char *stack_;
+    char *stackTop_;
+    char *stackEnd_;
+    size_t initialCapacity_;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STACK_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2edfae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/strfunc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
+
+#include "../stream.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Custom strlen() which works on different character types.
+/*! \tparam Ch Character type (e.g. char, wchar_t, short)
+    \param s Null-terminated input string.
+    \return Number of characters in the string. 
+    \note This has the same semantics as strlen(), the return value is not number of Unicode codepoints.
+*/
+template <typename Ch>
+inline SizeType StrLen(const Ch* s) {
+    const Ch* p = s;
+    while (*p) ++p;
+    return SizeType(p - s);
+}
+
+//! Returns number of code points in a encoded string.
+template<typename Encoding>
+bool CountStringCodePoint(const typename Encoding::Ch* s, SizeType length, SizeType* outCount) {
+    GenericStringStream<Encoding> is(s);
+    const typename Encoding::Ch* end = s + length;
+    SizeType count = 0;
+    while (is.src_ < end) {
+        unsigned codepoint;
+        if (!Encoding::Decode(is, &codepoint))
+            return false;
+        count++;
+    }
+    *outCount = count;
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_STRFUNC_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..289c413
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/strtod.h
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
+
+#include "ieee754.h"
+#include "biginteger.h"
+#include "diyfp.h"
+#include "pow10.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+inline double FastPath(double significand, int exp) {
+    if (exp < -308)
+        return 0.0;
+    else if (exp >= 0)
+        return significand * internal::Pow10(exp);
+    else
+        return significand / internal::Pow10(-exp);
+}
+
+inline double StrtodNormalPrecision(double d, int p) {
+    if (p < -308) {
+        // Prevent expSum < -308, making Pow10(p) = 0
+        d = FastPath(d, -308);
+        d = FastPath(d, p + 308);
+    }
+    else
+        d = FastPath(d, p);
+    return d;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T Min3(T a, T b, T c) {
+    T m = a;
+    if (m > b) m = b;
+    if (m > c) m = c;
+    return m;
+}
+
+inline int CheckWithinHalfULP(double b, const BigInteger& d, int dExp) {
+    const Double db(b);
+    const uint64_t bInt = db.IntegerSignificand();
+    const int bExp = db.IntegerExponent();
+    const int hExp = bExp - 1;
+
+    int dS_Exp2 = 0, dS_Exp5 = 0, bS_Exp2 = 0, bS_Exp5 = 0, hS_Exp2 = 0, hS_Exp5 = 0;
+
+    // Adjust for decimal exponent
+    if (dExp >= 0) {
+        dS_Exp2 += dExp;
+        dS_Exp5 += dExp;
+    }
+    else {
+        bS_Exp2 -= dExp;
+        bS_Exp5 -= dExp;
+        hS_Exp2 -= dExp;
+        hS_Exp5 -= dExp;
+    }
+
+    // Adjust for binary exponent
+    if (bExp >= 0)
+        bS_Exp2 += bExp;
+    else {
+        dS_Exp2 -= bExp;
+        hS_Exp2 -= bExp;
+    }
+
+    // Adjust for half ulp exponent
+    if (hExp >= 0)
+        hS_Exp2 += hExp;
+    else {
+        dS_Exp2 -= hExp;
+        bS_Exp2 -= hExp;
+    }
+
+    // Remove common power of two factor from all three scaled values
+    int common_Exp2 = Min3(dS_Exp2, bS_Exp2, hS_Exp2);
+    dS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+    bS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+    hS_Exp2 -= common_Exp2;
+
+    BigInteger dS = d;
+    dS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(dS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(dS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger bS(bInt);
+    bS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(bS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(bS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger hS(1);
+    hS.MultiplyPow5(static_cast<unsigned>(hS_Exp5)) <<= static_cast<unsigned>(hS_Exp2);
+
+    BigInteger delta(0);
+    dS.Difference(bS, &delta);
+
+    return delta.Compare(hS);
+}
+
+inline bool StrtodFast(double d, int p, double* result) {
+    // Use fast path for string-to-double conversion if possible
+    // see http://www.exploringbinary.com/fast-path-decimal-to-floating-point-conversion/
+    if (p > 22  && p < 22 + 16) {
+        // Fast Path Cases In Disguise
+        d *= internal::Pow10(p - 22);
+        p = 22;
+    }
+
+    if (p >= -22 && p <= 22 && d <= 9007199254740991.0) { // 2^53 - 1
+        *result = FastPath(d, p);
+        return true;
+    }
+    else
+        return false;
+}
+
+// Compute an approximation and see if it is within 1/2 ULP
+inline bool StrtodDiyFp(const char* decimals, size_t length, size_t decimalPosition, int exp, double* result) {
+    uint64_t significand = 0;
+    size_t i = 0;   // 2^64 - 1 = 18446744073709551615, 1844674407370955161 = 0x1999999999999999    
+    for (; i < length; i++) {
+        if (significand  >  RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) ||
+            (significand == RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) && decimals[i] > '5'))
+            break;
+        significand = significand * 10u + static_cast<unsigned>(decimals[i] - '0');
+    }
+    
+    if (i < length && decimals[i] >= '5') // Rounding
+        significand++;
+
+    size_t remaining = length - i;
+    const unsigned kUlpShift = 3;
+    const unsigned kUlp = 1 << kUlpShift;
+    int64_t error = (remaining == 0) ? 0 : kUlp / 2;
+
+    DiyFp v(significand, 0);
+    v = v.Normalize();
+    error <<= -v.e;
+
+    const int dExp = static_cast<int>(decimalPosition) - static_cast<int>(i) + exp;
+
+    int actualExp;
+    DiyFp cachedPower = GetCachedPower10(dExp, &actualExp);
+    if (actualExp != dExp) {
+        static const DiyFp kPow10[] = {
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xa0000000, 00000000), -60),  // 10^1
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc8000000, 00000000), -57),  // 10^2
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xfa000000, 00000000), -54),  // 10^3
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x9c400000, 00000000), -50),  // 10^4
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xc3500000, 00000000), -47),  // 10^5
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xf4240000, 00000000), -44),  // 10^6
+            DiyFp(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x98968000, 00000000), -40)   // 10^7
+        };
+        int  adjustment = dExp - actualExp - 1;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(adjustment >= 0 && adjustment < 7);
+        v = v * kPow10[adjustment];
+        if (length + static_cast<unsigned>(adjustment)> 19u) // has more digits than decimal digits in 64-bit
+            error += kUlp / 2;
+    }
+
+    v = v * cachedPower;
+
+    error += kUlp + (error == 0 ? 0 : 1);
+
+    const int oldExp = v.e;
+    v = v.Normalize();
+    error <<= oldExp - v.e;
+
+    const unsigned effectiveSignificandSize = Double::EffectiveSignificandSize(64 + v.e);
+    unsigned precisionSize = 64 - effectiveSignificandSize;
+    if (precisionSize + kUlpShift >= 64) {
+        unsigned scaleExp = (precisionSize + kUlpShift) - 63;
+        v.f >>= scaleExp;
+        v.e += scaleExp; 
+        error = (error >> scaleExp) + 1 + static_cast<int>(kUlp);
+        precisionSize -= scaleExp;
+    }
+
+    DiyFp rounded(v.f >> precisionSize, v.e + static_cast<int>(precisionSize));
+    const uint64_t precisionBits = (v.f & ((uint64_t(1) << precisionSize) - 1)) * kUlp;
+    const uint64_t halfWay = (uint64_t(1) << (precisionSize - 1)) * kUlp;
+    if (precisionBits >= halfWay + static_cast<unsigned>(error)) {
+        rounded.f++;
+        if (rounded.f & (DiyFp::kDpHiddenBit << 1)) { // rounding overflows mantissa (issue #340)
+            rounded.f >>= 1;
+            rounded.e++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    *result = rounded.ToDouble();
+
+    return halfWay - static_cast<unsigned>(error) >= precisionBits || precisionBits >= halfWay + static_cast<unsigned>(error);
+}
+
+inline double StrtodBigInteger(double approx, const char* decimals, size_t length, size_t decimalPosition, int exp) {
+    const BigInteger dInt(decimals, length);
+    const int dExp = static_cast<int>(decimalPosition) - static_cast<int>(length) + exp;
+    Double a(approx);
+    int cmp = CheckWithinHalfULP(a.Value(), dInt, dExp);
+    if (cmp < 0)
+        return a.Value();  // within half ULP
+    else if (cmp == 0) {
+        // Round towards even
+        if (a.Significand() & 1)
+            return a.NextPositiveDouble();
+        else
+            return a.Value();
+    }
+    else // adjustment
+        return a.NextPositiveDouble();
+}
+
+inline double StrtodFullPrecision(double d, int p, const char* decimals, size_t length, size_t decimalPosition, int exp) {
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(d >= 0.0);
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length >= 1);
+
+    double result;
+    if (StrtodFast(d, p, &result))
+        return result;
+
+    // Trim leading zeros
+    while (*decimals == '0' && length > 1) {
+        length--;
+        decimals++;
+        decimalPosition--;
+    }
+
+    // Trim trailing zeros
+    while (decimals[length - 1] == '0' && length > 1) {
+        length--;
+        decimalPosition--;
+        exp++;
+    }
+
+    // Trim right-most digits
+    const int kMaxDecimalDigit = 780;
+    if (static_cast<int>(length) > kMaxDecimalDigit) {
+        int delta = (static_cast<int>(length) - kMaxDecimalDigit);
+        exp += delta;
+        decimalPosition -= static_cast<unsigned>(delta);
+        length = kMaxDecimalDigit;
+    }
+
+    // If too small, underflow to zero
+    if (int(length) + exp < -324)
+        return 0.0;
+
+    if (StrtodDiyFp(decimals, length, decimalPosition, exp, &result))
+        return result;
+
+    // Use approximation from StrtodDiyFp and make adjustment with BigInteger comparison
+    return StrtodBigInteger(result, decimals, length, decimalPosition, exp);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STRTOD_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/internal/swap.h b/external/rapidjson/internal/swap.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..666e49f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/internal/swap.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
+
+#include "../rapidjson.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+namespace internal {
+
+//! Custom swap() to avoid dependency on C++ <algorithm> header
+/*! \tparam T Type of the arguments to swap, should be instantiated with primitive C++ types only.
+    \note This has the same semantics as std::swap().
+*/
+template <typename T>
+inline void Swap(T& a, T& b) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT {
+    T tmp = a;
+        a = b;
+        b = tmp;
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_INTERNAL_SWAP_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h b/external/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5fe289
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/istreamwrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4351) // new behavior: elements of array 'array' will be default initialized
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of \c std::basic_istream into RapidJSON's Stream concept.
+/*!
+    The classes can be wrapped including but not limited to:
+
+    - \c std::istringstream
+    - \c std::stringstream
+    - \c std::wistringstream
+    - \c std::wstringstream
+    - \c std::ifstream
+    - \c std::fstream
+    - \c std::wifstream
+    - \c std::wfstream
+
+    \tparam StreamType Class derived from \c std::basic_istream.
+*/
+   
+template <typename StreamType>
+class BasicIStreamWrapper {
+public:
+    typedef typename StreamType::char_type Ch;
+    BasicIStreamWrapper(StreamType& stream) : stream_(stream), count_(), peekBuffer_() {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { 
+        typename StreamType::int_type c = stream_.peek();
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(c != StreamType::traits_type::eof()) ? static_cast<Ch>(c) : '\0';
+    }
+
+    Ch Take() { 
+        typename StreamType::int_type c = stream_.get();
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(c != StreamType::traits_type::eof())) {
+            count_++;
+            return static_cast<Ch>(c);
+        }
+        else
+            return '\0';
+    }
+
+    // tellg() may return -1 when failed. So we count by ourself.
+    size_t Tell() const { return count_; }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(sizeof(Ch) == 1); // Only usable for byte stream.
+        int i;
+        bool hasError = false;
+        for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+            typename StreamType::int_type c = stream_.get();
+            if (c == StreamType::traits_type::eof()) {
+                hasError = true;
+                stream_.clear();
+                break;
+            }
+            peekBuffer_[i] = static_cast<Ch>(c);
+        }
+        for (--i; i >= 0; --i)
+            stream_.putback(peekBuffer_[i]);
+        return !hasError ? peekBuffer_ : 0;
+    }
+
+private:
+    BasicIStreamWrapper(const BasicIStreamWrapper&);
+    BasicIStreamWrapper& operator=(const BasicIStreamWrapper&);
+
+    StreamType& stream_;
+    size_t count_;  //!< Number of characters read. Note:
+    mutable Ch peekBuffer_[4];
+};
+
+typedef BasicIStreamWrapper<std::istream> IStreamWrapper;
+typedef BasicIStreamWrapper<std::wistream> WIStreamWrapper;
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || defined(_MSC_VER)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ISTREAMWRAPPER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h b/external/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..39bee1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/memorybuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory output byte stream.
+/*!
+    This class is mainly for being wrapped by EncodedOutputStream or AutoUTFOutputStream.
+
+    It is similar to FileWriteBuffer but the destination is an in-memory buffer instead of a file.
+
+    Differences between MemoryBuffer and StringBuffer:
+    1. StringBuffer has Encoding but MemoryBuffer is only a byte buffer. 
+    2. StringBuffer::GetString() returns a null-terminated string. MemoryBuffer::GetBuffer() returns a buffer without terminator.
+
+    \tparam Allocator type for allocating memory buffer.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+struct GenericMemoryBuffer {
+    typedef char Ch; // byte
+
+    GenericMemoryBuffer(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t capacity = kDefaultCapacity) : stack_(allocator, capacity) {}
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c; }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    void Clear() { stack_.Clear(); }
+    void ShrinkToFit() { stack_.ShrinkToFit(); }
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count); }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { stack_.template Pop<Ch>(count); }
+
+    const Ch* GetBuffer() const {
+        return stack_.template Bottom<Ch>();
+    }
+
+    size_t GetSize() const { return stack_.GetSize(); }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultCapacity = 256;
+    mutable internal::Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+};
+
+typedef GenericMemoryBuffer<> MemoryBuffer;
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(MemoryBuffer& memoryBuffer, char c, size_t n) {
+    std::memset(memoryBuffer.stack_.Push<char>(n), c, n * sizeof(c));
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/memorystream.h b/external/rapidjson/memorystream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1d71d8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/memorystream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_MEMORYSTREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_MEMORYSTREAM_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(missing-noreturn)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory input byte stream.
+/*!
+    This class is mainly for being wrapped by EncodedInputStream or AutoUTFInputStream.
+
+    It is similar to FileReadBuffer but the source is an in-memory buffer instead of a file.
+
+    Differences between MemoryStream and StringStream:
+    1. StringStream has encoding but MemoryStream is a byte stream.
+    2. MemoryStream needs size of the source buffer and the buffer don't need to be null terminated. StringStream assume null-terminated string as source.
+    3. MemoryStream supports Peek4() for encoding detection. StringStream is specified with an encoding so it should not have Peek4().
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+struct MemoryStream {
+    typedef char Ch; // byte
+
+    MemoryStream(const Ch *src, size_t size) : src_(src), begin_(src), end_(src + size), size_(size) {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(src_ == end_) ? '\0' : *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(src_ == end_) ? '\0' : *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - begin_); }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    // For encoding detection only.
+    const Ch* Peek4() const {
+        return Tell() + 4 <= size_ ? src_ : 0;
+    }
+
+    const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+    const Ch* begin_;   //!< Original head of the string.
+    const Ch* end_;     //!< End of stream.
+    size_t size_;       //!< Size of the stream.
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_MEMORYBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h b/external/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1811128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/msinttypes/inttypes.h
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+// ISO C9x  compliant inttypes.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
+// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124 
+// 
+//  Copyright (c) 2006-2013 Alexander Chemeris
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+//      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+//   3. Neither the name of the product nor the names of its contributors may
+//      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//      without specific prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
+// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
+// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// The above software in this distribution may have been modified by 
+// THL A29 Limited ("Tencent Modifications"). 
+// All Tencent Modifications are Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
+#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
+#endif // _MSC_VER ]
+
+#ifndef _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ // [
+#define _MSC_INTTYPES_H_
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif
+
+#include "stdint.h"
+
+// miloyip: VC supports inttypes.h since VC2013
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1800
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#else
+
+// 7.8 Format conversion of integer types
+
+typedef struct {
+   intmax_t quot;
+   intmax_t rem;
+} imaxdiv_t;
+
+// 7.8.1 Macros for format specifiers
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_FORMAT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 185 at page 198
+
+// The fprintf macros for signed integers are:
+#define PRId8       "d"
+#define PRIi8       "i"
+#define PRIdLEAST8  "d"
+#define PRIiLEAST8  "i"
+#define PRIdFAST8   "d"
+#define PRIiFAST8   "i"
+
+#define PRId16       "hd"
+#define PRIi16       "hi"
+#define PRIdLEAST16  "hd"
+#define PRIiLEAST16  "hi"
+#define PRIdFAST16   "hd"
+#define PRIiFAST16   "hi"
+
+#define PRId32       "I32d"
+#define PRIi32       "I32i"
+#define PRIdLEAST32  "I32d"
+#define PRIiLEAST32  "I32i"
+#define PRIdFAST32   "I32d"
+#define PRIiFAST32   "I32i"
+
+#define PRId64       "I64d"
+#define PRIi64       "I64i"
+#define PRIdLEAST64  "I64d"
+#define PRIiLEAST64  "I64i"
+#define PRIdFAST64   "I64d"
+#define PRIiFAST64   "I64i"
+
+#define PRIdMAX     "I64d"
+#define PRIiMAX     "I64i"
+
+#define PRIdPTR     "Id"
+#define PRIiPTR     "Ii"
+
+// The fprintf macros for unsigned integers are:
+#define PRIo8       "o"
+#define PRIu8       "u"
+#define PRIx8       "x"
+#define PRIX8       "X"
+#define PRIoLEAST8  "o"
+#define PRIuLEAST8  "u"
+#define PRIxLEAST8  "x"
+#define PRIXLEAST8  "X"
+#define PRIoFAST8   "o"
+#define PRIuFAST8   "u"
+#define PRIxFAST8   "x"
+#define PRIXFAST8   "X"
+
+#define PRIo16       "ho"
+#define PRIu16       "hu"
+#define PRIx16       "hx"
+#define PRIX16       "hX"
+#define PRIoLEAST16  "ho"
+#define PRIuLEAST16  "hu"
+#define PRIxLEAST16  "hx"
+#define PRIXLEAST16  "hX"
+#define PRIoFAST16   "ho"
+#define PRIuFAST16   "hu"
+#define PRIxFAST16   "hx"
+#define PRIXFAST16   "hX"
+
+#define PRIo32       "I32o"
+#define PRIu32       "I32u"
+#define PRIx32       "I32x"
+#define PRIX32       "I32X"
+#define PRIoLEAST32  "I32o"
+#define PRIuLEAST32  "I32u"
+#define PRIxLEAST32  "I32x"
+#define PRIXLEAST32  "I32X"
+#define PRIoFAST32   "I32o"
+#define PRIuFAST32   "I32u"
+#define PRIxFAST32   "I32x"
+#define PRIXFAST32   "I32X"
+
+#define PRIo64       "I64o"
+#define PRIu64       "I64u"
+#define PRIx64       "I64x"
+#define PRIX64       "I64X"
+#define PRIoLEAST64  "I64o"
+#define PRIuLEAST64  "I64u"
+#define PRIxLEAST64  "I64x"
+#define PRIXLEAST64  "I64X"
+#define PRIoFAST64   "I64o"
+#define PRIuFAST64   "I64u"
+#define PRIxFAST64   "I64x"
+#define PRIXFAST64   "I64X"
+
+#define PRIoMAX     "I64o"
+#define PRIuMAX     "I64u"
+#define PRIxMAX     "I64x"
+#define PRIXMAX     "I64X"
+
+#define PRIoPTR     "Io"
+#define PRIuPTR     "Iu"
+#define PRIxPTR     "Ix"
+#define PRIXPTR     "IX"
+
+// The fscanf macros for signed integers are:
+#define SCNd8       "d"
+#define SCNi8       "i"
+#define SCNdLEAST8  "d"
+#define SCNiLEAST8  "i"
+#define SCNdFAST8   "d"
+#define SCNiFAST8   "i"
+
+#define SCNd16       "hd"
+#define SCNi16       "hi"
+#define SCNdLEAST16  "hd"
+#define SCNiLEAST16  "hi"
+#define SCNdFAST16   "hd"
+#define SCNiFAST16   "hi"
+
+#define SCNd32       "ld"
+#define SCNi32       "li"
+#define SCNdLEAST32  "ld"
+#define SCNiLEAST32  "li"
+#define SCNdFAST32   "ld"
+#define SCNiFAST32   "li"
+
+#define SCNd64       "I64d"
+#define SCNi64       "I64i"
+#define SCNdLEAST64  "I64d"
+#define SCNiLEAST64  "I64i"
+#define SCNdFAST64   "I64d"
+#define SCNiFAST64   "I64i"
+
+#define SCNdMAX     "I64d"
+#define SCNiMAX     "I64i"
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define SCNdPTR     "I64d"
+#  define SCNiPTR     "I64i"
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define SCNdPTR     "ld"
+#  define SCNiPTR     "li"
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+// The fscanf macros for unsigned integers are:
+#define SCNo8       "o"
+#define SCNu8       "u"
+#define SCNx8       "x"
+#define SCNX8       "X"
+#define SCNoLEAST8  "o"
+#define SCNuLEAST8  "u"
+#define SCNxLEAST8  "x"
+#define SCNXLEAST8  "X"
+#define SCNoFAST8   "o"
+#define SCNuFAST8   "u"
+#define SCNxFAST8   "x"
+#define SCNXFAST8   "X"
+
+#define SCNo16       "ho"
+#define SCNu16       "hu"
+#define SCNx16       "hx"
+#define SCNX16       "hX"
+#define SCNoLEAST16  "ho"
+#define SCNuLEAST16  "hu"
+#define SCNxLEAST16  "hx"
+#define SCNXLEAST16  "hX"
+#define SCNoFAST16   "ho"
+#define SCNuFAST16   "hu"
+#define SCNxFAST16   "hx"
+#define SCNXFAST16   "hX"
+
+#define SCNo32       "lo"
+#define SCNu32       "lu"
+#define SCNx32       "lx"
+#define SCNX32       "lX"
+#define SCNoLEAST32  "lo"
+#define SCNuLEAST32  "lu"
+#define SCNxLEAST32  "lx"
+#define SCNXLEAST32  "lX"
+#define SCNoFAST32   "lo"
+#define SCNuFAST32   "lu"
+#define SCNxFAST32   "lx"
+#define SCNXFAST32   "lX"
+
+#define SCNo64       "I64o"
+#define SCNu64       "I64u"
+#define SCNx64       "I64x"
+#define SCNX64       "I64X"
+#define SCNoLEAST64  "I64o"
+#define SCNuLEAST64  "I64u"
+#define SCNxLEAST64  "I64x"
+#define SCNXLEAST64  "I64X"
+#define SCNoFAST64   "I64o"
+#define SCNuFAST64   "I64u"
+#define SCNxFAST64   "I64x"
+#define SCNXFAST64   "I64X"
+
+#define SCNoMAX     "I64o"
+#define SCNuMAX     "I64u"
+#define SCNxMAX     "I64x"
+#define SCNXMAX     "I64X"
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define SCNoPTR     "I64o"
+#  define SCNuPTR     "I64u"
+#  define SCNxPTR     "I64x"
+#  define SCNXPTR     "I64X"
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define SCNoPTR     "lo"
+#  define SCNuPTR     "lu"
+#  define SCNxPTR     "lx"
+#  define SCNXPTR     "lX"
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_FORMAT_MACROS ]
+
+// 7.8.2 Functions for greatest-width integer types
+
+// 7.8.2.1 The imaxabs function
+#define imaxabs _abs64
+
+// 7.8.2.2 The imaxdiv function
+
+// This is modified version of div() function from Microsoft's div.c found
+// in %MSVC.NET%\crt\src\div.c
+#ifdef STATIC_IMAXDIV // [
+static
+#else // STATIC_IMAXDIV ][
+_inline
+#endif // STATIC_IMAXDIV ]
+imaxdiv_t __cdecl imaxdiv(intmax_t numer, intmax_t denom)
+{
+   imaxdiv_t result;
+
+   result.quot = numer / denom;
+   result.rem = numer % denom;
+
+   if (numer < 0 && result.rem > 0) {
+      // did division wrong; must fix up
+      ++result.quot;
+      result.rem -= denom;
+   }
+
+   return result;
+}
+
+// 7.8.2.3 The strtoimax and strtoumax functions
+#define strtoimax _strtoi64
+#define strtoumax _strtoui64
+
+// 7.8.2.4 The wcstoimax and wcstoumax functions
+#define wcstoimax _wcstoi64
+#define wcstoumax _wcstoui64
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER >= 1800
+
+#endif // _MSC_INTTYPES_H_ ]
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h b/external/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d4477b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/msinttypes/stdint.h
@@ -0,0 +1,300 @@
+// ISO C9x  compliant stdint.h for Microsoft Visual Studio
+// Based on ISO/IEC 9899:TC2 Committee draft (May 6, 2005) WG14/N1124 
+// 
+//  Copyright (c) 2006-2013 Alexander Chemeris
+// 
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+// 
+//   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+//      this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// 
+//   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+//      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+//      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+// 
+//   3. Neither the name of the product nor the names of its contributors may
+//      be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
+//      without specific prior written permission.
+// 
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
+// WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+// MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO
+// EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+// PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
+// OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, 
+// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
+// OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
+// ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+// 
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+// The above software in this distribution may have been modified by 
+// THL A29 Limited ("Tencent Modifications"). 
+// All Tencent Modifications are Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited.
+
+#ifndef _MSC_VER // [
+#error "Use this header only with Microsoft Visual C++ compilers!"
+#endif // _MSC_VER ]
+
+#ifndef _MSC_STDINT_H_ // [
+#define _MSC_STDINT_H_
+
+#if _MSC_VER > 1000
+#pragma once
+#endif
+
+// miloyip: Originally Visual Studio 2010 uses its own stdint.h. However it generates warning with INT64_C(), so change to use this file for vs2010.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1600 // [
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260
+
+#undef INT8_C
+#undef INT16_C
+#undef INT32_C
+#undef INT64_C
+#undef UINT8_C
+#undef UINT16_C
+#undef UINT32_C
+#undef UINT64_C
+
+// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
+
+#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
+#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
+#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
+#define INT64_C(val) val##i64
+
+#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
+#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
+#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
+#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
+
+// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
+// These #ifndef's are needed to prevent collisions with <boost/cstdint.hpp>.
+// Check out Issue 9 for the details.
+#ifndef INTMAX_C //   [
+#  define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
+#endif // INTMAX_C    ]
+#ifndef UINTMAX_C //  [
+#  define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C
+#endif // UINTMAX_C   ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
+
+#else // ] _MSC_VER >= 1700 [
+
+#include <limits.h>
+
+// For Visual Studio 6 in C++ mode and for many Visual Studio versions when
+// compiling for ARM we have to wrap <wchar.h> include with 'extern "C++" {}'
+// or compiler would give many errors like this:
+//   error C2733: second C linkage of overloaded function 'wmemchr' not allowed
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(_M_ARM)
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+#  include <wchar.h>
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && !defined(_M_ARM)
+}
+#endif
+
+// Define _W64 macros to mark types changing their size, like intptr_t.
+#ifndef _W64
+#  if !defined(__midl) && (defined(_X86_) || defined(_M_IX86)) && _MSC_VER >= 1300
+#     define _W64 __w64
+#  else
+#     define _W64
+#  endif
+#endif
+
+
+// 7.18.1 Integer types
+
+// 7.18.1.1 Exact-width integer types
+
+// Visual Studio 6 and Embedded Visual C++ 4 doesn't
+// realize that, e.g. char has the same size as __int8
+// so we give up on __intX for them.
+#if (_MSC_VER < 1300)
+   typedef signed char       int8_t;
+   typedef signed short      int16_t;
+   typedef signed int        int32_t;
+   typedef unsigned char     uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned short    uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned int      uint32_t;
+#else
+   typedef signed __int8     int8_t;
+   typedef signed __int16    int16_t;
+   typedef signed __int32    int32_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int8   uint8_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int16  uint16_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int32  uint32_t;
+#endif
+typedef signed __int64       int64_t;
+typedef unsigned __int64     uint64_t;
+
+
+// 7.18.1.2 Minimum-width integer types
+typedef int8_t    int_least8_t;
+typedef int16_t   int_least16_t;
+typedef int32_t   int_least32_t;
+typedef int64_t   int_least64_t;
+typedef uint8_t   uint_least8_t;
+typedef uint16_t  uint_least16_t;
+typedef uint32_t  uint_least32_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uint_least64_t;
+
+// 7.18.1.3 Fastest minimum-width integer types
+typedef int8_t    int_fast8_t;
+typedef int16_t   int_fast16_t;
+typedef int32_t   int_fast32_t;
+typedef int64_t   int_fast64_t;
+typedef uint8_t   uint_fast8_t;
+typedef uint16_t  uint_fast16_t;
+typedef uint32_t  uint_fast32_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uint_fast64_t;
+
+// 7.18.1.4 Integer types capable of holding object pointers
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+   typedef signed __int64    intptr_t;
+   typedef unsigned __int64  uintptr_t;
+#else // _WIN64 ][
+   typedef _W64 signed int   intptr_t;
+   typedef _W64 unsigned int uintptr_t;
+#endif // _WIN64 ]
+
+// 7.18.1.5 Greatest-width integer types
+typedef int64_t   intmax_t;
+typedef uint64_t  uintmax_t;
+
+
+// 7.18.2 Limits of specified-width integer types
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_LIMIT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 220 at page 257 and footnote 221 at page 259
+
+// 7.18.2.1 Limits of exact-width integer types
+#define INT8_MIN     ((int8_t)_I8_MIN)
+#define INT8_MAX     _I8_MAX
+#define INT16_MIN    ((int16_t)_I16_MIN)
+#define INT16_MAX    _I16_MAX
+#define INT32_MIN    ((int32_t)_I32_MIN)
+#define INT32_MAX    _I32_MAX
+#define INT64_MIN    ((int64_t)_I64_MIN)
+#define INT64_MAX    _I64_MAX
+#define UINT8_MAX    _UI8_MAX
+#define UINT16_MAX   _UI16_MAX
+#define UINT32_MAX   _UI32_MAX
+#define UINT64_MAX   _UI64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.2 Limits of minimum-width integer types
+#define INT_LEAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#define INT_LEAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INT_LEAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT_LEAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.3 Limits of fastest minimum-width integer types
+#define INT_FAST8_MIN    INT8_MIN
+#define INT_FAST8_MAX    INT8_MAX
+#define INT_FAST16_MIN   INT16_MIN
+#define INT_FAST16_MAX   INT16_MAX
+#define INT_FAST32_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#define INT_FAST32_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#define INT_FAST64_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INT_FAST64_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST8_MAX   UINT8_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST16_MAX  UINT16_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST32_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#define UINT_FAST64_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.2.4 Limits of integer types capable of holding object pointers
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+#else // _WIN64 ][
+#  define INTPTR_MIN   INT32_MIN
+#  define INTPTR_MAX   INT32_MAX
+#  define UINTPTR_MAX  UINT32_MAX
+#endif // _WIN64 ]
+
+// 7.18.2.5 Limits of greatest-width integer types
+#define INTMAX_MIN   INT64_MIN
+#define INTMAX_MAX   INT64_MAX
+#define UINTMAX_MAX  UINT64_MAX
+
+// 7.18.3 Limits of other integer types
+
+#ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I64_MIN
+#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I64_MAX
+#else  // _WIN64 ][
+#  define PTRDIFF_MIN  _I32_MIN
+#  define PTRDIFF_MAX  _I32_MAX
+#endif  // _WIN64 ]
+
+#define SIG_ATOMIC_MIN  INT_MIN
+#define SIG_ATOMIC_MAX  INT_MAX
+
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX // [
+#  ifdef _WIN64 // [
+#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI64_MAX
+#  else // _WIN64 ][
+#     define SIZE_MAX  _UI32_MAX
+#  endif // _WIN64 ]
+#endif // SIZE_MAX ]
+
+// WCHAR_MIN and WCHAR_MAX are also defined in <wchar.h>
+#ifndef WCHAR_MIN // [
+#  define WCHAR_MIN  0
+#endif  // WCHAR_MIN ]
+#ifndef WCHAR_MAX // [
+#  define WCHAR_MAX  _UI16_MAX
+#endif  // WCHAR_MAX ]
+
+#define WINT_MIN  0
+#define WINT_MAX  _UI16_MAX
+
+#endif // __STDC_LIMIT_MACROS ]
+
+
+// 7.18.4 Limits of other integer types
+
+#if !defined(__cplusplus) || defined(__STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS) // [   See footnote 224 at page 260
+
+// 7.18.4.1 Macros for minimum-width integer constants
+
+#define INT8_C(val)  val##i8
+#define INT16_C(val) val##i16
+#define INT32_C(val) val##i32
+#define INT64_C(val) val##i64
+
+#define UINT8_C(val)  val##ui8
+#define UINT16_C(val) val##ui16
+#define UINT32_C(val) val##ui32
+#define UINT64_C(val) val##ui64
+
+// 7.18.4.2 Macros for greatest-width integer constants
+// These #ifndef's are needed to prevent collisions with <boost/cstdint.hpp>.
+// Check out Issue 9 for the details.
+#ifndef INTMAX_C //   [
+#  define INTMAX_C   INT64_C
+#endif // INTMAX_C    ]
+#ifndef UINTMAX_C //  [
+#  define UINTMAX_C  UINT64_C
+#endif // UINTMAX_C   ]
+
+#endif // __STDC_CONSTANT_MACROS ]
+
+#endif // _MSC_VER >= 1600 ]
+
+#endif // _MSC_STDINT_H_ ]
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h b/external/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f4667c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/ostreamwrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include <iosfwd>
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Wrapper of \c std::basic_ostream into RapidJSON's Stream concept.
+/*!
+    The classes can be wrapped including but not limited to:
+
+    - \c std::ostringstream
+    - \c std::stringstream
+    - \c std::wpstringstream
+    - \c std::wstringstream
+    - \c std::ifstream
+    - \c std::fstream
+    - \c std::wofstream
+    - \c std::wfstream
+
+    \tparam StreamType Class derived from \c std::basic_ostream.
+*/
+   
+template <typename StreamType>
+class BasicOStreamWrapper {
+public:
+    typedef typename StreamType::char_type Ch;
+    BasicOStreamWrapper(StreamType& stream) : stream_(stream) {}
+
+    void Put(Ch c) {
+        stream_.put(c);
+    }
+
+    void Flush() {
+        stream_.flush();
+    }
+
+    // Not implemented
+    char Peek() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char Take() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t Tell() const { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    char* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    size_t PutEnd(char*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+private:
+    BasicOStreamWrapper(const BasicOStreamWrapper&);
+    BasicOStreamWrapper& operator=(const BasicOStreamWrapper&);
+
+    StreamType& stream_;
+};
+
+typedef BasicOStreamWrapper<std::ostream> OStreamWrapper;
+typedef BasicOStreamWrapper<std::wostream> WOStreamWrapper;
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_OSTREAMWRAPPER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/pointer.h b/external/rapidjson/pointer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0206ac1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/pointer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1358 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
+
+#include "document.h"
+#include "internal/itoa.h"
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+static const SizeType kPointerInvalidIndex = ~SizeType(0);  //!< Represents an invalid index in GenericPointer::Token
+
+//! Error code of parsing.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \see GenericPointer::GenericPointer, GenericPointer::GetParseErrorCode
+*/
+enum PointerParseErrorCode {
+    kPointerParseErrorNone = 0,                     //!< The parse is successful
+
+    kPointerParseErrorTokenMustBeginWithSolidus,    //!< A token must begin with a '/'
+    kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape,                //!< Invalid escape
+    kPointerParseErrorInvalidPercentEncoding,       //!< Invalid percent encoding in URI fragment
+    kPointerParseErrorCharacterMustPercentEncode    //!< A character must percent encoded in URI fragment
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericPointer
+
+//! Represents a JSON Pointer. Use Pointer for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*!
+    This class implements RFC 6901 "JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) Pointer" 
+    (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6901).
+
+    A JSON pointer is for identifying a specific value in a JSON document
+    (GenericDocument). It can simplify coding of DOM tree manipulation, because it
+    can access multiple-level depth of DOM tree with single API call.
+
+    After it parses a string representation (e.g. "/foo/0" or URI fragment 
+    representation (e.g. "#/foo/0") into its internal representation (tokens),
+    it can be used to resolve a specific value in multiple documents, or sub-tree 
+    of documents.
+
+    Contrary to GenericValue, Pointer can be copy constructed and copy assigned.
+    Apart from assignment, a Pointer cannot be modified after construction.
+
+    Although Pointer is very convenient, please aware that constructing Pointer
+    involves parsing and dynamic memory allocation. A special constructor with user-
+    supplied tokens eliminates these.
+
+    GenericPointer depends on GenericDocument and GenericValue.
+    
+    \tparam ValueType The value type of the DOM tree. E.g. GenericValue<UTF8<> >
+    \tparam Allocator The allocator type for allocating memory for internal representation.
+    
+    \note GenericPointer uses same encoding of ValueType.
+    However, Allocator of GenericPointer is independent of Allocator of Value.
+*/
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericPointer {
+public:
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;  //!< Encoding type from Value
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;                      //!< Character type from Value
+
+    //! A token is the basic units of internal representation.
+    /*!
+        A JSON pointer string representation "/foo/123" is parsed to two tokens: 
+        "foo" and 123. 123 will be represented in both numeric form and string form.
+        They are resolved according to the actual value type (object or array).
+
+        For token that are not numbers, or the numeric value is out of bound
+        (greater than limits of SizeType), they are only treated as string form
+        (i.e. the token's index will be equal to kPointerInvalidIndex).
+
+        This struct is public so that user can create a Pointer without parsing and 
+        allocation, using a special constructor.
+    */
+    struct Token {
+        const Ch* name;             //!< Name of the token. It has null character at the end but it can contain null character.
+        SizeType length;            //!< Length of the name.
+        SizeType index;             //!< A valid array index, if it is not equal to kPointerInvalidIndex.
+    };
+
+    //!@name Constructors and destructor.
+    //@{
+
+    //! Default constructor.
+    GenericPointer(Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {}
+
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \param source A null-terminated, string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+    */
+    explicit GenericPointer(const Ch* source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source, internal::StrLen(source));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \param source A string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+        \note Requires the definition of the preprocessor symbol \ref RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING.
+    */
+    explicit GenericPointer(const std::basic_string<Ch>& source, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source.c_str(), source.size());
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Constructor that parses a string or URI fragment representation, with length of the source string.
+    /*!
+        \param source A string or URI fragment representation of JSON pointer.
+        \param length Length of source.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator for this pointer. If no allocator is provided, it creates a self-owned one.
+        \note Slightly faster than the overload without length.
+    */
+    GenericPointer(const Ch* source, size_t length, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        Parse(source, length);
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with user-supplied tokens.
+    /*!
+        This constructor let user supplies const array of tokens.
+        This prevents the parsing process and eliminates allocation.
+        This is preferred for memory constrained environments.
+
+        \param tokens An constant array of tokens representing the JSON pointer.
+        \param tokenCount Number of tokens.
+
+        \b Example
+        \code
+        #define NAME(s) { s, sizeof(s) / sizeof(s[0]) - 1, kPointerInvalidIndex }
+        #define INDEX(i) { #i, sizeof(#i) - 1, i }
+
+        static const Pointer::Token kTokens[] = { NAME("foo"), INDEX(123) };
+        static const Pointer p(kTokens, sizeof(kTokens) / sizeof(kTokens[0]));
+        // Equivalent to static const Pointer p("/foo/123");
+
+        #undef NAME
+        #undef INDEX
+        \endcode
+    */
+    GenericPointer(const Token* tokens, size_t tokenCount) : allocator_(), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(const_cast<Token*>(tokens)), tokenCount_(tokenCount), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {}
+
+    //! Copy constructor.
+    GenericPointer(const GenericPointer& rhs, Allocator* allocator = 0) : allocator_(allocator), ownAllocator_(), nameBuffer_(), tokens_(), tokenCount_(), parseErrorOffset_(), parseErrorCode_(kPointerParseErrorNone) {
+        *this = rhs;
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    ~GenericPointer() {
+        if (nameBuffer_)    // If user-supplied tokens constructor is used, nameBuffer_ is nullptr and tokens_ are not deallocated.
+            Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Assignment operator.
+    GenericPointer& operator=(const GenericPointer& rhs) {
+        if (this != &rhs) {
+            // Do not delete ownAllcator
+            if (nameBuffer_)
+                Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+
+            tokenCount_ = rhs.tokenCount_;
+            parseErrorOffset_ = rhs.parseErrorOffset_;
+            parseErrorCode_ = rhs.parseErrorCode_;
+
+            if (rhs.nameBuffer_)
+                CopyFromRaw(rhs); // Normally parsed tokens.
+            else {
+                tokens_ = rhs.tokens_; // User supplied const tokens.
+                nameBuffer_ = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Append token
+    //@{
+
+    //! Append a token and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param token Token to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const Token& token, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        GenericPointer r;
+        r.allocator_ = allocator;
+        Ch *p = r.CopyFromRaw(*this, 1, token.length + 1);
+        std::memcpy(p, token.name, (token.length + 1) * sizeof(Ch));
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].name = p;
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].length = token.length;
+        r.tokens_[tokenCount_].index = token.index;
+        return r;
+    }
+
+    //! Append a name token with length, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name to be appended.
+        \param length Length of name.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const Ch* name, SizeType length, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        Token token = { name, length, kPointerInvalidIndex };
+        return Append(token, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Append a name token without length, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name (const Ch*) to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::NotExpr<internal::IsSame<typename internal::RemoveConst<T>::Type, Ch> >), (GenericPointer))
+    Append(T* name, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        return Append(name, StrLen(name), allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Append a name token, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param name Name to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const std::basic_string<Ch>& name, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        return Append(name.c_str(), static_cast<SizeType>(name.size()), allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Append a index token, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param index Index to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(SizeType index, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        char buffer[21];
+        char* end = sizeof(SizeType) == 4 ? internal::u32toa(index, buffer) : internal::u64toa(index, buffer);
+        SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(end - buffer);
+        buffer[length] = '\0';
+
+        if (sizeof(Ch) == 1) {
+            Token token = { reinterpret_cast<Ch*>(buffer), length, index };
+            return Append(token, allocator);
+        }
+        else {
+            Ch name[21];
+            for (size_t i = 0; i <= length; i++)
+                name[i] = buffer[i];
+            Token token = { name, length, index };
+            return Append(token, allocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //! Append a token by value, and return a new Pointer
+    /*!
+        \param token token to be appended.
+        \param allocator Allocator for the newly return Pointer.
+        \return A new Pointer with appended token.
+    */
+    GenericPointer Append(const ValueType& token, Allocator* allocator = 0) const {
+        if (token.IsString())
+            return Append(token.GetString(), token.GetStringLength(), allocator);
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token.IsUint64());
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token.GetUint64() <= SizeType(~0));
+            return Append(static_cast<SizeType>(token.GetUint64()), allocator);
+        }
+    }
+
+    //!@name Handling Parse Error
+    //@{
+
+    //! Check whether this is a valid pointer.
+    bool IsValid() const { return parseErrorCode_ == kPointerParseErrorNone; }
+
+    //! Get the parsing error offset in code unit.
+    size_t GetParseErrorOffset() const { return parseErrorOffset_; }
+
+    //! Get the parsing error code.
+    PointerParseErrorCode GetParseErrorCode() const { return parseErrorCode_; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Get the allocator of this pointer.
+    Allocator& GetAllocator() { return *allocator_; }
+
+    //!@name Tokens
+    //@{
+
+    //! Get the token array (const version only).
+    const Token* GetTokens() const { return tokens_; }
+
+    //! Get the number of tokens.
+    size_t GetTokenCount() const { return tokenCount_; }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Equality/inequality operators
+    //@{
+
+    //! Equality operator.
+    /*!
+        \note When any pointers are invalid, always returns false.
+    */
+    bool operator==(const GenericPointer& rhs) const {
+        if (!IsValid() || !rhs.IsValid() || tokenCount_ != rhs.tokenCount_)
+            return false;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < tokenCount_; i++) {
+            if (tokens_[i].index != rhs.tokens_[i].index ||
+                tokens_[i].length != rhs.tokens_[i].length || 
+                (tokens_[i].length != 0 && std::memcmp(tokens_[i].name, rhs.tokens_[i].name, sizeof(Ch)* tokens_[i].length) != 0))
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! Inequality operator.
+    /*!
+        \note When any pointers are invalid, always returns true.
+    */
+    bool operator!=(const GenericPointer& rhs) const { return !(*this == rhs); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Stringify
+    //@{
+
+    //! Stringify the pointer into string representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    bool Stringify(OutputStream& os) const {
+        return Stringify<false, OutputStream>(os);
+    }
+
+    //! Stringify the pointer into URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<typename OutputStream>
+    bool StringifyUriFragment(OutputStream& os) const {
+        return Stringify<true, OutputStream>(os);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Create value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Create a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        If the value is not exist, it creates all parent values and a JSON Null value.
+        So it always succeed and return the newly created or existing value.
+
+        Remind that it may change types of parents according to tokens, so it 
+        potentially removes previously stored values. For example, if a document 
+        was an array, and "/foo" is used to create a value, then the document 
+        will be changed to an object, and all existing array elements are lost.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM subtree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \param alreadyExist If non-null, it stores whether the resolved value is already exist.
+        \return The resolved newly created (a JSON Null value), or already exists value.
+    */
+    ValueType& Create(ValueType& root, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator, bool* alreadyExist = 0) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        bool exist = true;
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            if (v->IsArray() && t->name[0] == '-' && t->length == 1) {
+                v->PushBack(ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                v = &((*v)[v->Size() - 1]);
+                exist = false;
+            }
+            else {
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex) { // must be object name
+                    if (!v->IsObject())
+                        v->SetObject(); // Change to Object
+                }
+                else { // object name or array index
+                    if (!v->IsArray() && !v->IsObject())
+                        v->SetArray(); // Change to Array
+                }
+
+                if (v->IsArray()) {
+                    if (t->index >= v->Size()) {
+                        v->Reserve(t->index + 1, allocator);
+                        while (t->index >= v->Size())
+                            v->PushBack(ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                        exist = false;
+                    }
+                    v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                }
+                else {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd()) {
+                        v->AddMember(ValueType(t->name, t->length, allocator).Move(), ValueType().Move(), allocator);
+                        v = &(--v->MemberEnd())->value; // Assumes AddMember() appends at the end
+                        exist = false;
+                    }
+                    else
+                        v = &m->value;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (alreadyExist)
+            *alreadyExist = exist;
+
+        return *v;
+    }
+
+    //! Creates a value in a document.
+    /*!
+        \param document A document to be resolved.
+        \param alreadyExist If non-null, it stores whether the resolved value is already exist.
+        \return The resolved newly created, or already exists value.
+    */
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Create(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, bool* alreadyExist = 0) const {
+        return Create(document, document.GetAllocator(), alreadyExist);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Query value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param unresolvedTokenIndex If the pointer cannot resolve a token in the pointer, this parameter can obtain the index of unresolved token.
+        \return Pointer to the value if it can be resolved. Otherwise null.
+
+        \note
+        There are only 3 situations when a value cannot be resolved:
+        1. A value in the path is not an array nor object.
+        2. An object value does not contain the token.
+        3. A token is out of range of an array value.
+
+        Use unresolvedTokenIndex to retrieve the token index.
+    */
+    ValueType* Get(ValueType& root, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            switch (v->GetType()) {
+            case kObjectType:
+                {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd())
+                        break;
+                    v = &m->value;
+                }
+                continue;
+            case kArrayType:
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || t->index >= v->Size())
+                    break;
+                v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                continue;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Error: unresolved token
+            if (unresolvedTokenIndex)
+                *unresolvedTokenIndex = static_cast<size_t>(t - tokens_);
+            return 0;
+        }
+        return v;
+    }
+
+    //! Query a const value in a const subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \return Pointer to the value if it can be resolved. Otherwise null.
+    */
+    const ValueType* Get(const ValueType& root, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) const { 
+        return Get(const_cast<ValueType&>(root), unresolvedTokenIndex);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Query a value with default
+    //@{
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default value.
+    /*!
+        Similar to Get(), but if the specified value do not exists, it creates all parents and clone the default value.
+        So that this function always succeed.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param defaultValue Default value to be cloned if the value was not exists.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const ValueType& defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        Value& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.CopyFrom(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default null-terminated string.
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const Ch* defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        Value& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.SetString(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default std::basic_string.
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, const std::basic_string<Ch>& defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        bool alreadyExist;
+        Value& v = Create(root, allocator, &alreadyExist);
+        return alreadyExist ? v : v.SetString(defaultValue, allocator);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Query a value in a subtree with default primitive value.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    GetWithDefault(ValueType& root, T defaultValue, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(root, ValueType(defaultValue).Move(), allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default value.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const ValueType& defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default null-terminated string.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const Ch* defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+    
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Query a value in a document with default std::basic_string.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const std::basic_string<Ch>& defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Query a value in a document with default primitive value.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T, typename stackAllocator>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    GetWithDefault(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, T defaultValue) const {
+        return GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Set a value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Set a value in a subtree, with move semantics.
+    /*!
+        It creates all parents if they are not exist or types are different to the tokens.
+        So this function always succeeds but potentially remove existing values.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param value Value to be set.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = value;
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a subtree, with copy semantics.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator).CopyFrom(value, allocator);
+    }
+
+    //! Set a null-terminated string in a subtree.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const Ch* value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value, allocator).Move();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Set a std::basic_string in a subtree.
+    ValueType& Set(ValueType& root, const std::basic_string<Ch>& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value, allocator).Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Set a primitive value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+    Set(ValueType& root, T value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator) = ValueType(value).Move();
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a document, with move semantics.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document) = value;
+    }
+
+    //! Set a value in a document, with copy semantics.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document).CopyFrom(value, document.GetAllocator());
+    }
+
+    //! Set a null-terminated string in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const Ch* value) const {
+        return Create(document) = ValueType(value, document.GetAllocator()).Move();
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    //! Sets a std::basic_string in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, const std::basic_string<Ch>& value) const {
+        return Create(document) = ValueType(value, document.GetAllocator()).Move();
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Set a primitive value in a document.
+    /*!
+    \tparam T Either \ref Type, \c int, \c unsigned, \c int64_t, \c uint64_t, \c bool
+    */
+    template <typename T, typename stackAllocator>
+    RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T>, internal::IsGenericValue<T> >), (ValueType&))
+        Set(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, T value) const {
+            return Create(document) = value;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //!@name Swap a value
+    //@{
+
+    //! Swap a value with a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        It creates all parents if they are not exist or types are different to the tokens.
+        So this function always succeeds but potentially remove existing values.
+
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \param value Value to be swapped.
+        \param allocator Allocator for creating the values if the specified value or its parents are not exist.
+        \see Create()
+    */
+    ValueType& Swap(ValueType& root, ValueType& value, typename ValueType::AllocatorType& allocator) const {
+        return Create(root, allocator).Swap(value);
+    }
+
+    //! Swap a value with a value in a document.
+    template <typename stackAllocator>
+    ValueType& Swap(GenericDocument<EncodingType, typename ValueType::AllocatorType, stackAllocator>& document, ValueType& value) const {
+        return Create(document).Swap(value);
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Erase a value in a subtree.
+    /*!
+        \param root Root value of a DOM sub-tree to be resolved. It can be any value other than document root.
+        \return Whether the resolved value is found and erased.
+
+        \note Erasing with an empty pointer \c Pointer(""), i.e. the root, always fail and return false.
+    */
+    bool Erase(ValueType& root) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        if (tokenCount_ == 0) // Cannot erase the root
+            return false;
+
+        ValueType* v = &root;
+        const Token* last = tokens_ + (tokenCount_ - 1);
+        for (const Token *t = tokens_; t != last; ++t) {
+            switch (v->GetType()) {
+            case kObjectType:
+                {
+                    typename ValueType::MemberIterator m = v->FindMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(t->name, t->length));
+                    if (m == v->MemberEnd())
+                        return false;
+                    v = &m->value;
+                }
+                break;
+            case kArrayType:
+                if (t->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || t->index >= v->Size())
+                    return false;
+                v = &((*v)[t->index]);
+                break;
+            default:
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        switch (v->GetType()) {
+        case kObjectType:
+            return v->EraseMember(GenericStringRef<Ch>(last->name, last->length));
+        case kArrayType:
+            if (last->index == kPointerInvalidIndex || last->index >= v->Size())
+                return false;
+            v->Erase(v->Begin() + last->index);
+            return true;
+        default:
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    //! Clone the content from rhs to this.
+    /*!
+        \param rhs Source pointer.
+        \param extraToken Extra tokens to be allocated.
+        \param extraNameBufferSize Extra name buffer size (in number of Ch) to be allocated.
+        \return Start of non-occupied name buffer, for storing extra names.
+    */
+    Ch* CopyFromRaw(const GenericPointer& rhs, size_t extraToken = 0, size_t extraNameBufferSize = 0) {
+        if (!allocator_) // allocator is independently owned.
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+
+        size_t nameBufferSize = rhs.tokenCount_; // null terminators for tokens
+        for (Token *t = rhs.tokens_; t != rhs.tokens_ + rhs.tokenCount_; ++t)
+            nameBufferSize += t->length;
+
+        tokenCount_ = rhs.tokenCount_ + extraToken;
+        tokens_ = static_cast<Token *>(allocator_->Malloc(tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token) + (nameBufferSize + extraNameBufferSize) * sizeof(Ch)));
+        nameBuffer_ = reinterpret_cast<Ch *>(tokens_ + tokenCount_);
+        if (rhs.tokenCount_ > 0) {
+            std::memcpy(tokens_, rhs.tokens_, rhs.tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token));
+        }
+        if (nameBufferSize > 0) {
+            std::memcpy(nameBuffer_, rhs.nameBuffer_, nameBufferSize * sizeof(Ch));
+        }
+
+        // Adjust pointers to name buffer
+        std::ptrdiff_t diff = nameBuffer_ - rhs.nameBuffer_;
+        for (Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + rhs.tokenCount_; ++t)
+            t->name += diff;
+
+        return nameBuffer_ + nameBufferSize;
+    }
+
+    //! Check whether a character should be percent-encoded.
+    /*!
+        According to RFC 3986 2.3 Unreserved Characters.
+        \param c The character (code unit) to be tested.
+    */
+    bool NeedPercentEncode(Ch c) const {
+        return !((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || (c >= 'A' && c <='Z') || (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || c == '-' || c == '.' || c == '_' || c =='~');
+    }
+
+    //! Parse a JSON String or its URI fragment representation into tokens.
+#ifndef __clang__ // -Wdocumentation
+    /*!
+        \param source Either a JSON Pointer string, or its URI fragment representation. Not need to be null terminated.
+        \param length Length of the source string.
+        \note Source cannot be JSON String Representation of JSON Pointer, e.g. In "/\u0000", \u0000 will not be unescaped.
+    */
+#endif
+    void Parse(const Ch* source, size_t length) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(source != NULL);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(nameBuffer_ == 0);
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(tokens_ == 0);
+
+        // Create own allocator if user did not supply.
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+
+        // Count number of '/' as tokenCount
+        tokenCount_ = 0;
+        for (const Ch* s = source; s != source + length; s++) 
+            if (*s == '/')
+                tokenCount_++;
+
+        Token* token = tokens_ = static_cast<Token *>(allocator_->Malloc(tokenCount_ * sizeof(Token) + length * sizeof(Ch)));
+        Ch* name = nameBuffer_ = reinterpret_cast<Ch *>(tokens_ + tokenCount_);
+        size_t i = 0;
+
+        // Detect if it is a URI fragment
+        bool uriFragment = false;
+        if (source[i] == '#') {
+            uriFragment = true;
+            i++;
+        }
+
+        if (i != length && source[i] != '/') {
+            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorTokenMustBeginWithSolidus;
+            goto error;
+        }
+
+        while (i < length) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(source[i] == '/');
+            i++; // consumes '/'
+
+            token->name = name;
+            bool isNumber = true;
+
+            while (i < length && source[i] != '/') {
+                Ch c = source[i];
+                if (uriFragment) {
+                    // Decoding percent-encoding for URI fragment
+                    if (c == '%') {
+                        PercentDecodeStream is(&source[i], source + length);
+                        GenericInsituStringStream<EncodingType> os(name);
+                        Ch* begin = os.PutBegin();
+                        if (!Transcoder<UTF8<>, EncodingType>().Validate(is, os) || !is.IsValid()) {
+                            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidPercentEncoding;
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        size_t len = os.PutEnd(begin);
+                        i += is.Tell() - 1;
+                        if (len == 1)
+                            c = *name;
+                        else {
+                            name += len;
+                            isNumber = false;
+                            i++;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (NeedPercentEncode(c)) {
+                        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorCharacterMustPercentEncode;
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                i++;
+                
+                // Escaping "~0" -> '~', "~1" -> '/'
+                if (c == '~') {
+                    if (i < length) {
+                        c = source[i];
+                        if (c == '0')       c = '~';
+                        else if (c == '1')  c = '/';
+                        else {
+                            parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape;
+                            goto error;
+                        }
+                        i++;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorInvalidEscape;
+                        goto error;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // First check for index: all of characters are digit
+                if (c < '0' || c > '9')
+                    isNumber = false;
+
+                *name++ = c;
+            }
+            token->length = static_cast<SizeType>(name - token->name);
+            if (token->length == 0)
+                isNumber = false;
+            *name++ = '\0'; // Null terminator
+
+            // Second check for index: more than one digit cannot have leading zero
+            if (isNumber && token->length > 1 && token->name[0] == '0')
+                isNumber = false;
+
+            // String to SizeType conversion
+            SizeType n = 0;
+            if (isNumber) {
+                for (size_t j = 0; j < token->length; j++) {
+                    SizeType m = n * 10 + static_cast<SizeType>(token->name[j] - '0');
+                    if (m < n) {   // overflow detection
+                        isNumber = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    n = m;
+                }
+            }
+
+            token->index = isNumber ? n : kPointerInvalidIndex;
+            token++;
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(name <= nameBuffer_ + length); // Should not overflow buffer
+        parseErrorCode_ = kPointerParseErrorNone;
+        return;
+
+    error:
+        Allocator::Free(tokens_);
+        nameBuffer_ = 0;
+        tokens_ = 0;
+        tokenCount_ = 0;
+        parseErrorOffset_ = i;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //! Stringify to string or URI fragment representation.
+    /*!
+        \tparam uriFragment True for stringifying to URI fragment representation. False for string representation.
+        \tparam OutputStream type of output stream.
+        \param os The output stream.
+    */
+    template<bool uriFragment, typename OutputStream>
+    bool Stringify(OutputStream& os) const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+
+        if (uriFragment)
+            os.Put('#');
+
+        for (Token *t = tokens_; t != tokens_ + tokenCount_; ++t) {
+            os.Put('/');
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < t->length; j++) {
+                Ch c = t->name[j];
+                if (c == '~') {
+                    os.Put('~');
+                    os.Put('0');
+                }
+                else if (c == '/') {
+                    os.Put('~');
+                    os.Put('1');
+                }
+                else if (uriFragment && NeedPercentEncode(c)) { 
+                    // Transcode to UTF8 sequence
+                    GenericStringStream<typename ValueType::EncodingType> source(&t->name[j]);
+                    PercentEncodeStream<OutputStream> target(os);
+                    if (!Transcoder<EncodingType, UTF8<> >().Validate(source, target))
+                        return false;
+                    j += source.Tell() - 1;
+                }
+                else
+                    os.Put(c);
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //! A helper stream for decoding a percent-encoded sequence into code unit.
+    /*!
+        This stream decodes %XY triplet into code unit (0-255).
+        If it encounters invalid characters, it sets output code unit as 0 and 
+        mark invalid, and to be checked by IsValid().
+    */
+    class PercentDecodeStream {
+    public:
+        typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+        //! Constructor
+        /*!
+            \param source Start of the stream
+            \param end Past-the-end of the stream.
+        */
+        PercentDecodeStream(const Ch* source, const Ch* end) : src_(source), head_(source), end_(end), valid_(true) {}
+
+        Ch Take() {
+            if (*src_ != '%' || src_ + 3 > end_) { // %XY triplet
+                valid_ = false;
+                return 0;
+            }
+            src_++;
+            Ch c = 0;
+            for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+                c = static_cast<Ch>(c << 4);
+                Ch h = *src_;
+                if      (h >= '0' && h <= '9') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - '0');
+                else if (h >= 'A' && h <= 'F') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - 'A' + 10);
+                else if (h >= 'a' && h <= 'f') c = static_cast<Ch>(c + h - 'a' + 10);
+                else {
+                    valid_ = false;
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                src_++;
+            }
+            return c;
+        }
+
+        size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+        bool IsValid() const { return valid_; }
+
+    private:
+        const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+        const Ch* head_;    //!< Original head of the string.
+        const Ch* end_;     //!< Past-the-end position.
+        bool valid_;        //!< Whether the parsing is valid.
+    };
+
+    //! A helper stream to encode character (UTF-8 code unit) into percent-encoded sequence.
+    template <typename OutputStream>
+    class PercentEncodeStream {
+    public:
+        PercentEncodeStream(OutputStream& os) : os_(os) {}
+        void Put(char c) { // UTF-8 must be byte
+            unsigned char u = static_cast<unsigned char>(c);
+            static const char hexDigits[16] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
+            os_.Put('%');
+            os_.Put(hexDigits[u >> 4]);
+            os_.Put(hexDigits[u & 15]);
+        }
+    private:
+        OutputStream& os_;
+    };
+
+    Allocator* allocator_;                  //!< The current allocator. It is either user-supplied or equal to ownAllocator_.
+    Allocator* ownAllocator_;               //!< Allocator owned by this Pointer.
+    Ch* nameBuffer_;                        //!< A buffer containing all names in tokens.
+    Token* tokens_;                         //!< A list of tokens.
+    size_t tokenCount_;                     //!< Number of tokens in tokens_.
+    size_t parseErrorOffset_;               //!< Offset in code unit when parsing fail.
+    PointerParseErrorCode parseErrorCode_;  //!< Parsing error code.
+};
+
+//! GenericPointer for Value (UTF-8, default allocator).
+typedef GenericPointer<Value> Pointer;
+
+//!@name Helper functions for GenericPointer
+//@{
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Create(root, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Create(root, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer) {
+    return pointer.Create(document);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& CreateValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N]) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Create(document);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return pointer.Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+const typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(const T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return pointer.Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType (&source)[N], size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+const typename T::ValueType* GetValueByPointer(const T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], size_t* unresolvedTokenIndex = 0) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Get(root, unresolvedTokenIndex);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::ValueType& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::Ch* defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, T2 defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::ValueType& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::Ch* defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 defaultValue, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(root, defaultValue, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::ValueType& defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::Ch* defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, T2 defaultValue) {
+    return pointer.GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::ValueType& defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::Ch* defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+GetValueByPointerWithDefault(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 defaultValue) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).GetWithDefault(document, defaultValue);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const typename T::Ch* value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, T2 value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename T::Ch* value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename T::Ch>& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename T::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(root, value, a);
+}
+
+// No allocator parameter
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const typename DocumentType::Ch* value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, T2 value) {
+    return pointer.Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const typename DocumentType::Ch* value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], const std::basic_string<typename DocumentType::Ch>& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N, typename T2>
+RAPIDJSON_DISABLEIF_RETURN((internal::OrExpr<internal::IsPointer<T2>, internal::IsGenericValue<T2> >), (typename DocumentType::ValueType&))
+SetValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], T2 value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Set(document, value);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+typename T::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer, typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return pointer.Swap(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename T::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N], typename T::ValueType& value, typename T::AllocatorType& a) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Swap(root, value, a);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>& pointer, typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return pointer.Swap(document, value);
+}
+
+template <typename DocumentType, typename CharType, size_t N>
+typename DocumentType::ValueType& SwapValueByPointer(DocumentType& document, const CharType(&source)[N], typename DocumentType::ValueType& value) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename DocumentType::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Swap(document, value);
+}
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+template <typename T>
+bool EraseValueByPointer(T& root, const GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>& pointer) {
+    return pointer.Erase(root);
+}
+
+template <typename T, typename CharType, size_t N>
+bool EraseValueByPointer(T& root, const CharType(&source)[N]) {
+    return GenericPointer<typename T::ValueType>(source, N - 1).Erase(root);
+}
+
+//@}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_POINTER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h b/external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0dcb0fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PRETTYWRITER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRETTYWRITER_H_
+
+#include "writer.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Combination of PrettyWriter format flags.
+/*! \see PrettyWriter::SetFormatOptions
+ */
+enum PrettyFormatOptions {
+    kFormatDefault = 0,         //!< Default pretty formatting.
+    kFormatSingleLineArray = 1  //!< Format arrays on a single line.
+};
+
+//! Writer with indentation and spacing.
+/*!
+    \tparam OutputStream Type of ouptut os.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of source string.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of output stream.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Type of allocator for allocating memory of stack.
+*/
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding = UTF8<>, typename TargetEncoding = UTF8<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator, unsigned writeFlags = kWriteDefaultFlags>
+class PrettyWriter : public Writer<OutputStream, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding, StackAllocator, writeFlags> {
+public:
+    typedef Writer<OutputStream, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding, StackAllocator> Base;
+    typedef typename Base::Ch Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! \param os Output stream.
+        \param allocator User supplied allocator. If it is null, it will create a private one.
+        \param levelDepth Initial capacity of stack.
+    */
+    explicit PrettyWriter(OutputStream& os, StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = Base::kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        Base(os, allocator, levelDepth), indentChar_(' '), indentCharCount_(4), formatOptions_(kFormatDefault) {}
+
+
+    explicit PrettyWriter(StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = Base::kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        Base(allocator, levelDepth), indentChar_(' '), indentCharCount_(4) {}
+
+    //! Set custom indentation.
+    /*! \param indentChar       Character for indentation. Must be whitespace character (' ', '\\t', '\\n', '\\r').
+        \param indentCharCount  Number of indent characters for each indentation level.
+        \note The default indentation is 4 spaces.
+    */
+    PrettyWriter& SetIndent(Ch indentChar, unsigned indentCharCount) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(indentChar == ' ' || indentChar == '\t' || indentChar == '\n' || indentChar == '\r');
+        indentChar_ = indentChar;
+        indentCharCount_ = indentCharCount;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    //! Set pretty writer formatting options.
+    /*! \param options Formatting options.
+    */
+    PrettyWriter& SetFormatOptions(PrettyFormatOptions options) {
+        formatOptions_ = options;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /*! @name Implementation of Handler
+        \see Handler
+    */
+    //@{
+
+    bool Null()                 { PrettyPrefix(kNullType);   return Base::WriteNull(); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)           { PrettyPrefix(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); return Base::WriteBool(b); }
+    bool Int(int i)             { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteInt(i); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)       { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteUint(u); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i64)     { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteInt64(i64); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u64)   { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteUint64(u64);  }
+    bool Double(double d)       { PrettyPrefix(kNumberType); return Base::WriteDouble(d); }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        PrettyPrefix(kNumberType);
+        return Base::WriteString(str, length);
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        PrettyPrefix(kStringType);
+        return Base::WriteString(str, length);
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool String(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return String(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        PrettyPrefix(kObjectType);
+        new (Base::level_stack_.template Push<typename Base::Level>()) typename Base::Level(false);
+        return Base::WriteStartObject();
+    }
+
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool Key(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return Key(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+	
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(typename Base::Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>()->inArray);
+        bool empty = Base::level_stack_.template Pop<typename Base::Level>(1)->valueCount == 0;
+
+        if (!empty) {
+            Base::os_->Put('\n');
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        bool ret = Base::WriteEndObject();
+        (void)ret;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(ret == true);
+        if (Base::level_stack_.Empty()) // end of json text
+            Base::os_->Flush();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        PrettyPrefix(kArrayType);
+        new (Base::level_stack_.template Push<typename Base::Level>()) typename Base::Level(true);
+        return Base::WriteStartArray();
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(typename Base::Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>()->inArray);
+        bool empty = Base::level_stack_.template Pop<typename Base::Level>(1)->valueCount == 0;
+
+        if (!empty && !(formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)) {
+            Base::os_->Put('\n');
+            WriteIndent();
+        }
+        bool ret = Base::WriteEndArray();
+        (void)ret;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(ret == true);
+        if (Base::level_stack_.Empty()) // end of json text
+            Base::os_->Flush();
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    //@}
+
+    /*! @name Convenience extensions */
+    //@{
+
+    //! Simpler but slower overload.
+    bool String(const Ch* str) { return String(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str) { return Key(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Write a raw JSON value.
+    /*!
+        For user to write a stringified JSON as a value.
+
+        \param json A well-formed JSON value. It should not contain null character within [0, length - 1] range.
+        \param length Length of the json.
+        \param type Type of the root of json.
+        \note When using PrettyWriter::RawValue(), the result json may not be indented correctly.
+    */
+    bool RawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length, Type type) { PrettyPrefix(type); return Base::WriteRawValue(json, length); }
+
+protected:
+    void PrettyPrefix(Type type) {
+        (void)type;
+        if (Base::level_stack_.GetSize() != 0) { // this value is not at root
+            typename Base::Level* level = Base::level_stack_.template Top<typename Base::Level>();
+
+            if (level->inArray) {
+                if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                    Base::os_->Put(','); // add comma if it is not the first element in array
+                    if (formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)
+                        Base::os_->Put(' ');
+                }
+
+                if (!(formatOptions_ & kFormatSingleLineArray)) {
+                    Base::os_->Put('\n');
+                    WriteIndent();
+                }
+            }
+            else {  // in object
+                if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                    if (level->valueCount % 2 == 0) {
+                        Base::os_->Put(',');
+                        Base::os_->Put('\n');
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        Base::os_->Put(':');
+                        Base::os_->Put(' ');
+                    }
+                }
+                else
+                    Base::os_->Put('\n');
+
+                if (level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                    WriteIndent();
+            }
+            if (!level->inArray && level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kStringType);  // if it's in object, then even number should be a name
+            level->valueCount++;
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!Base::hasRoot_);  // Should only has one and only one root.
+            Base::hasRoot_ = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void WriteIndent()  {
+        size_t count = (Base::level_stack_.GetSize() / sizeof(typename Base::Level)) * indentCharCount_;
+        PutN(*Base::os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(indentChar_), count);
+    }
+
+    Ch indentChar_;
+    unsigned indentCharCount_;
+    PrettyFormatOptions formatOptions_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    PrettyWriter(const PrettyWriter&);
+    PrettyWriter& operator=(const PrettyWriter&);
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/rapidjson.h b/external/rapidjson/rapidjson.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..053b2ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/rapidjson.h
@@ -0,0 +1,615 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
+
+/*!\file rapidjson.h
+    \brief common definitions and configuration
+    
+    \see RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+ */
+
+/*! \defgroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG RapidJSON configuration
+    \brief Configuration macros for library features
+
+    Some RapidJSON features are configurable to adapt the library to a wide
+    variety of platforms, environments and usage scenarios.  Most of the
+    features can be configured in terms of overriden or predefined
+    preprocessor macros at compile-time.
+
+    Some additional customization is available in the \ref RAPIDJSON_ERRORS APIs.
+
+    \note These macros should be given on the compiler command-line
+          (where applicable)  to avoid inconsistent values when compiling
+          different translation units of a single application.
+ */
+
+#include <cstdlib>  // malloc(), realloc(), free(), size_t
+#include <cstring>  // memset(), memcpy(), memmove(), memcmp()
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING
+//
+// ALWAYS synchronize the following 3 macros with corresponding variables in /CMakeLists.txt.
+//
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+// token stringification
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(x) RAPIDJSON_DO_STRINGIFY(x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_STRINGIFY(x) #x
+//!@endcond
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Major version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Minor version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Patch version of RapidJSON in integer.
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Version of RapidJSON in "<major>.<minor>.<patch>" string format.
+*/
+#define RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION 0
+#define RAPIDJSON_VERSION_STRING \
+    RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(RAPIDJSON_MAJOR_VERSION.RAPIDJSON_MINOR_VERSION.RAPIDJSON_PATCH_VERSION)
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_(BEGIN|END)
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace
+
+    In order to avoid symbol clashes and/or "One Definition Rule" errors
+    between multiple inclusions of (different versions of) RapidJSON in
+    a single binary, users can customize the name of the main RapidJSON
+    namespace.
+
+    In case of a single nesting level, defining \c RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+    to a custom name (e.g. \c MyRapidJSON) is sufficient.  If multiple
+    levels are needed, both \ref RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN and \ref
+    RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END need to be defined as well:
+
+    \code
+    // in some .cpp file
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE my::rapidjson
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace my { namespace rapidjson {
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END   } }
+    #include "rapidjson/..."
+    \endcode
+
+    \see rapidjson
+ */
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace (opening expression)
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief   provide custom rapidjson namespace (closing expression)
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE rapidjson
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN namespace RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE {
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+#define RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END }
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 1 // force generation of documentation
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING 0 // no std::string support by default
+#endif
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Enable RapidJSON support for \c std::string
+
+    By defining this preprocessor symbol to \c 1, several convenience functions for using
+    \ref rapidjson::GenericValue with \c std::string are enabled, especially
+    for construction and comparison.
+
+    \hideinitializer
+*/
+#endif // !defined(RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING)
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+#include <string>
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Use external 64-bit integer types.
+
+    RapidJSON requires the 64-bit integer types \c int64_t and  \c uint64_t types
+    to be available at global scope.
+
+    If users have their own definition, define RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE to
+    prevent RapidJSON from defining its own types.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1800)	// Visual Studio 2013
+#include "msinttypes/stdint.h"
+#include "msinttypes/inttypes.h"
+#else
+// Other compilers should have this.
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <inttypes.h>
+#endif
+//!@endcond
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64DEFINE
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_NO_INT64TYPEDEF
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(NDEBUG)
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE __forceinline
+#elif defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4 && defined(NDEBUG)
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE __attribute__((always_inline))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+#endif
+//!@endcond
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+#define RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN  0   //!< Little endian machine
+#define RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN     1   //!< Big endian machine
+
+//! Endianness of the machine.
+/*!
+    \def RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+
+    GCC 4.6 provided macro for detecting endianness of the target machine. But other
+    compilers may not have this. User can define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN to either
+    \ref RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN or \ref RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN.
+
+    Default detection implemented with reference to
+    \li https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.6.0/cpp/Common-Predefined-Macros.html
+    \li http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_42_0/boost/detail/endian.hpp
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+// Detect with GCC 4.6's macro
+#  ifdef __BYTE_ORDER__
+#    if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#    elif __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#    else
+#      error Unknown machine endianess detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.
+#    endif // __BYTE_ORDER__
+// Detect with GLIBC's endian.h
+#  elif defined(__GLIBC__)
+#    include <endian.h>
+#    if (__BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#    elif (__BYTE_ORDER == __BIG_ENDIAN)
+#      define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#    else
+#      error Unknown machine endianess detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.
+#   endif // __GLIBC__
+// Detect with _LITTLE_ENDIAN and _BIG_ENDIAN macro
+#  elif defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN) && !defined(_BIG_ENDIAN)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(_BIG_ENDIAN) && !defined(_LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+// Detect with architecture macros
+#  elif defined(__sparc) || defined(__sparc__) || defined(_POWER) || defined(__powerpc__) || defined(__ppc__) || defined(__hpux) || defined(__hppa) || defined(_MIPSEB) || defined(_POWER) || defined(__s390__)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_BIGENDIAN
+#  elif defined(__i386__) || defined(__alpha__) || defined(__ia64) || defined(__ia64__) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_IA64) || defined(_M_ALPHA) || defined(__amd64) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(_M_AMD64) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__bfin__)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_M_ARM)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN RAPIDJSON_LITTLEENDIAN
+#  elif defined(RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
+#    define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+#  else
+#    error Unknown machine endianess detected. User needs to define RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN.   
+#  endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ENDIAN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+
+//! Whether using 64-bit architecture
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+#if defined(__LP64__) || (defined(__x86_64__) && defined(__ILP32__)) || defined(_WIN64) || defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_64BIT 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_64BIT 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ALIGN
+
+//! Data alignment of the machine.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x pointer to align
+
+    Some machines require strict data alignment. Currently the default uses 4 bytes
+    alignment on 32-bit platforms and 8 bytes alignment for 64-bit platforms.
+    User can customize by defining the RAPIDJSON_ALIGN function macro.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ALIGN
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT == 1
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(x) (((x) + static_cast<uint64_t>(7u)) & ~static_cast<uint64_t>(7u))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_ALIGN(x) (((x) + 3u) & ~3u)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2
+
+//! Construct a 64-bit literal by a pair of 32-bit integer.
+/*!
+    64-bit literal with or without ULL suffix is prone to compiler warnings.
+    UINT64_C() is C macro which cause compilation problems.
+    Use this macro to define 64-bit constants by a pair of 32-bit integer.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2
+#define RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(high32, low32) ((static_cast<uint64_t>(high32) << 32) | static_cast<uint64_t>(low32))
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+//! Use only lower 48-bit address for some pointers.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+
+    This optimization uses the fact that current X86-64 architecture only implement lower 48-bit virtual address.
+    The higher 16-bit can be used for storing other data.
+    \c GenericValue uses this optimization to reduce its size form 24 bytes to 16 bytes in 64-bit architecture.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+#if defined(__amd64__) || defined(__amd64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__x86_64) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_AMD64)
+#define RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION == 1
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT != 1
+#error RAPIDJSON_48BITPOINTER_OPTIMIZATION can only be set to 1 when RAPIDJSON_64BIT=1
+#endif
+#define RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(type, p, x) (p = reinterpret_cast<type *>((reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) & static_cast<uintptr_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0xFFFF0000, 0x00000000))) | reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(reinterpret_cast<const void*>(x))))
+#define RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(type, p) (reinterpret_cast<type *>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(p) & static_cast<uintptr_t>(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0000FFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF))))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SETPOINTER(type, p, x) (p = (x))
+#define RAPIDJSON_GETPOINTER(type, p) (p)
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_SSE2/RAPIDJSON_SSE42/RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief Enable SSE2/SSE4.2 optimization.
+
+    RapidJSON supports optimized implementations for some parsing operations
+    based on the SSE2 or SSE4.2 SIMD extensions on modern Intel-compatible
+    processors.
+
+    To enable these optimizations, two different symbols can be defined;
+    \code
+    // Enable SSE2 optimization.
+    #define RAPIDJSON_SSE2
+
+    // Enable SSE4.2 optimization.
+    #define RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+    \endcode
+
+    \c RAPIDJSON_SSE42 takes precedence, if both are defined.
+
+    If any of these symbols is defined, RapidJSON defines the macro
+    \c RAPIDJSON_SIMD to indicate the availability of the optimized code.
+*/
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42) \
+    || defined(RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING)
+#define RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-provided \c SizeType definition.
+
+    In order to avoid using 32-bit size types for indexing strings and arrays,
+    define this preprocessor symbol and provide the type rapidjson::SizeType
+    before including RapidJSON:
+    \code
+    #define RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+    namespace rapidjson { typedef ::std::size_t SizeType; }
+    #include "rapidjson/..."
+    \endcode
+
+    \see rapidjson::SizeType
+*/
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_DOXYGEN_RUNNING
+#define RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE
+#endif
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+//! Size type (for string lengths, array sizes, etc.)
+/*! RapidJSON uses 32-bit array/string indices even on 64-bit platforms,
+    instead of using \c size_t. Users may override the SizeType by defining
+    \ref RAPIDJSON_NO_SIZETYPEDEFINE.
+*/
+typedef unsigned SizeType;
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+#endif
+
+// always import std::size_t to rapidjson namespace
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+using std::size_t;
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+
+//! Assertion.
+/*! \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    By default, rapidjson uses C \c assert() for internal assertions.
+    User can override it by defining RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x) macro.
+
+    \note Parsing errors are handled and can be customized by the
+          \ref RAPIDJSON_ERRORS APIs.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+#include <cassert>
+#define RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_ASSERT
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+
+// Adopt from boost
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+#ifndef __clang__
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#endif
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+template <bool x> struct STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE;
+template <> struct STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<true> { enum { value = 1 }; };
+template<int x> struct StaticAssertTest {};
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_JOIN(X, Y) RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN(X, Y)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN(X, Y) RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN2(X, Y)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DO_JOIN2(X, Y) X##Y
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE __attribute__((unused))
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE 
+#endif
+#ifndef __clang__
+//!@endcond
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT
+    \brief (Internal) macro to check for conditions at compile-time
+    \param x compile-time condition
+    \hideinitializer
+ */
+#define RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT(x) \
+    typedef ::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::StaticAssertTest< \
+      sizeof(::RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE::STATIC_ASSERTION_FAILURE<bool(x) >)> \
+    RAPIDJSON_JOIN(StaticAssertTypedef, __LINE__) RAPIDJSON_STATIC_ASSERT_UNUSED_ATTRIBUTE
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_LIKELY, RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY
+
+//! Compiler branching hint for expression with high probability to be true.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x Boolean expression likely to be true.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_LIKELY
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 1)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+//! Compiler branching hint for expression with low probability to be true.
+/*!
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \param x Boolean expression unlikely to be true.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(x) __builtin_expect(!!(x), 0)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(x) (x)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Helpers
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN do {  
+#define RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END \
+} while((void)0, 0)
+
+// adopted from Boost
+#define RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(x,y,z) \
+  (((x)*100000) + ((y)*100) + (z))
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH/POP, RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_GNUC \
+    RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(__GNUC__,__GNUC_MINOR__,__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__clang__) || (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,2,0))
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(x) _Pragma(RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(x))
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(x) RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(GCC diagnostic x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) \
+    RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(ignored RAPIDJSON_STRINGIFY(RAPIDJSON_JOIN(-W,x)))
+
+// push/pop support in Clang and GCC>=4.6
+#if defined(__clang__) || (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,6,0))
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(push)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP  RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(pop)
+#else // GCC >= 4.2, < 4.6
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP /* ignored */
+#endif
+
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+
+// pragma (MSVC specific)
+#define RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(x) __pragma(x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(x) RAPIDJSON_PRAGMA(warning(x))
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(disable: x)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(push)
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP  RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PRAGMA(pop)
+
+#else
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(x) /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH   /* ignored */
+#define RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP    /* ignored */
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_DIAG_*
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// C++11 features
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#if __has_feature(cxx_rvalue_references) && \
+    (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) || defined(__GLIBCXX__) && __GLIBCXX__ >= 20080306)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 0
+#endif
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,3,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)) || \
+      (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1600)
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT __has_feature(cxx_noexcept)
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,6,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__))
+//    (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= ????) // not yet supported
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT 0
+#endif
+#endif
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT noexcept
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT /* noexcept */
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_NOEXCEPT
+
+// no automatic detection, yet
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_TYPETRAITS 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+#if defined(__clang__)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR __has_feature(cxx_range_for)
+#elif (defined(RAPIDJSON_GNUC) && (RAPIDJSON_GNUC >= RAPIDJSON_VERSION_CODE(4,3,0)) && defined(__GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__)) || \
+      (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700)
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR 0
+#endif
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RANGE_FOR
+
+//!@endcond
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// new/delete
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_NEW
+///! customization point for global \c new
+#define RAPIDJSON_NEW(x) new x
+#endif
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_DELETE
+///! customization point for global \c delete
+#define RAPIDJSON_DELETE(x) delete x
+#endif
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Type
+
+/*! \namespace rapidjson
+    \brief main RapidJSON namespace
+    \see RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE
+*/
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Type of JSON value
+enum Type {
+    kNullType = 0,      //!< null
+    kFalseType = 1,     //!< false
+    kTrueType = 2,      //!< true
+    kObjectType = 3,    //!< object
+    kArrayType = 4,     //!< array 
+    kStringType = 5,    //!< string
+    kNumberType = 6     //!< number
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/reader.h b/external/rapidjson/reader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19f8849
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/reader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1879 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+//
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
+
+/*! \file reader.h */
+
+#include "allocators.h"
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "encodedstream.h"
+#include "internal/meta.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+#include "internal/strtod.h"
+#include <limits>
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SIMD) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#endif
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+#include <nmmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127)  // conditional expression is constant
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4702)  // unreachable code
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(old-style-cast)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(switch-enum)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define RAPIDJSON_NOTHING /* deliberately empty */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(value) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(HasParseError())) { return value; } \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(RAPIDJSON_NOTHING)
+//!@endcond
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \brief Macro to indicate a parse error.
+    \param parseErrorCode \ref rapidjson::ParseErrorCode of the error
+    \param offset  position of the error in JSON input (\c size_t)
+
+    This macros can be used as a customization point for the internal
+    error handling mechanism of RapidJSON.
+
+    A common usage model is to throw an exception instead of requiring the
+    caller to explicitly check the \ref rapidjson::GenericReader::Parse's
+    return value:
+
+    \code
+    #define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode,offset) \
+       throw ParseException(parseErrorCode, #parseErrorCode, offset)
+
+    #include <stdexcept>               // std::runtime_error
+    #include "rapidjson/error/error.h" // rapidjson::ParseResult
+
+    struct ParseException : std::runtime_error, rapidjson::ParseResult {
+      ParseException(rapidjson::ParseErrorCode code, const char* msg, size_t offset)
+        : std::runtime_error(msg), ParseResult(code, offset) {}
+    };
+
+    #include "rapidjson/reader.h"
+    \endcode
+
+    \see RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR, rapidjson::GenericReader::Parse
+ */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode, offset) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!HasParseError()); /* Error can only be assigned once */ \
+    SetParseError(parseErrorCode, offset); \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_ERRORS
+    \brief (Internal) macro to indicate and handle a parse error.
+    \param parseErrorCode \ref rapidjson::ParseErrorCode of the error
+    \param offset  position of the error in JSON input (\c size_t)
+
+    Invokes RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN and stops the parsing.
+
+    \see RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN
+    \hideinitializer
+ */
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(parseErrorCode, offset) \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(parseErrorCode, offset); \
+    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID; \
+    RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#endif
+
+#include "error/error.h" // ParseErrorCode, ParseResult
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ParseFlag
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kParseDefaultFlags definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c ParseFlag combinations.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS kParseNoFlags
+#endif
+
+//! Combination of parseFlags
+/*! \see Reader::Parse, Document::Parse, Document::ParseInsitu, Document::ParseStream
+ */
+enum ParseFlag {
+    kParseNoFlags = 0,              //!< No flags are set.
+    kParseInsituFlag = 1,           //!< In-situ(destructive) parsing.
+    kParseValidateEncodingFlag = 2, //!< Validate encoding of JSON strings.
+    kParseIterativeFlag = 4,        //!< Iterative(constant complexity in terms of function call stack size) parsing.
+    kParseStopWhenDoneFlag = 8,     //!< After parsing a complete JSON root from stream, stop further processing the rest of stream. When this flag is used, parser will not generate kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular error.
+    kParseFullPrecisionFlag = 16,   //!< Parse number in full precision (but slower).
+    kParseCommentsFlag = 32,        //!< Allow one-line (//) and multi-line (/**/) comments.
+    kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag = 64,    //!< Parse all numbers (ints/doubles) as strings.
+    kParseTrailingCommasFlag = 128, //!< Allow trailing commas at the end of objects and arrays.
+    kParseNanAndInfFlag = 256,      //!< Allow parsing NaN, Inf, Infinity, -Inf and -Infinity as doubles.
+    kParseDefaultFlags = RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS  //!< Default parse flags. Can be customized by defining RAPIDJSON_PARSE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Handler
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Handler
+    \brief Concept for receiving events from GenericReader upon parsing.
+    The functions return true if no error occurs. If they return false,
+    the event publisher should terminate the process.
+\code
+concept Handler {
+    typename Ch;
+
+    bool Null();
+    bool Bool(bool b);
+    bool Int(int i);
+    bool Uint(unsigned i);
+    bool Int64(int64_t i);
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t i);
+    bool Double(double d);
+    /// enabled via kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag, string is not null-terminated (use length)
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool StartObject();
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy);
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount);
+    bool StartArray();
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount);
+};
+\endcode
+*/
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// BaseReaderHandler
+
+//! Default implementation of Handler.
+/*! This can be used as base class of any reader handler.
+    \note implements Handler concept
+*/
+template<typename Encoding = UTF8<>, typename Derived = void>
+struct BaseReaderHandler {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    typedef typename internal::SelectIf<internal::IsSame<Derived, void>, BaseReaderHandler, Derived>::Type Override;
+
+    bool Default() { return true; }
+    bool Null() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Bool(bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int(int) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Double(double) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    /// enabled via kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag, string is not null-terminated (use length)
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool String(const Ch*, SizeType, bool) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartObject() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool EndObject(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool StartArray() { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+    bool EndArray(SizeType) { return static_cast<Override&>(*this).Default(); }
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// StreamLocalCopy
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template<typename Stream, int = StreamTraits<Stream>::copyOptimization>
+class StreamLocalCopy;
+
+//! Do copy optimization.
+template<typename Stream>
+class StreamLocalCopy<Stream, 1> {
+public:
+    StreamLocalCopy(Stream& original) : s(original), original_(original) {}
+    ~StreamLocalCopy() { original_ = s; }
+
+    Stream s;
+
+private:
+    StreamLocalCopy& operator=(const StreamLocalCopy&) /* = delete */;
+
+    Stream& original_;
+};
+
+//! Keep reference.
+template<typename Stream>
+class StreamLocalCopy<Stream, 0> {
+public:
+    StreamLocalCopy(Stream& original) : s(original) {}
+
+    Stream& s;
+
+private:
+    StreamLocalCopy& operator=(const StreamLocalCopy&) /* = delete */;
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SkipWhitespace
+
+//! Skip the JSON white spaces in a stream.
+/*! \param is A input stream for skipping white spaces.
+    \note This function has SSE2/SSE4.2 specialization.
+*/
+template<typename InputStream>
+void SkipWhitespace(InputStream& is) {
+    internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+    InputStream& s(copy.s);
+
+    typename InputStream::Ch c;
+    while ((c = s.Peek()) == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t')
+        s.Take();
+}
+
+inline const char* SkipWhitespace(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    while (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    return p;
+}
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+//! Skip whitespace with SSE 4.2 pcmpistrm instruction, testing 16 8-byte characters at once.
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // 16-byte align to the next boundary
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+            ++p;
+        else
+            return p;
+
+    // The rest of string using SIMD
+    static const char whitespace[16] = " \n\r\t";
+    const __m128i w = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespace[0]));
+
+    for (;; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const int r = _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_cmpistrm(w, s, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_BIT_MASK | _SIDD_NEGATIVE_POLARITY));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters is non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // The middle of string using SIMD
+    static const char whitespace[16] = " \n\r\t";
+    const __m128i w = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespace[0]));
+
+    for (; p <= end - 16; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const int r = _mm_cvtsi128_si32(_mm_cmpistrm(w, s, _SIDD_UBYTE_OPS | _SIDD_CMP_EQUAL_ANY | _SIDD_BIT_MASK | _SIDD_NEGATIVE_POLARITY));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters is non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SkipWhitespace(p, end);
+}
+
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+
+//! Skip whitespace with SSE2 instructions, testing 16 8-byte characters at once.
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // 16-byte align to the next boundary
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t')
+            ++p;
+        else
+            return p;
+
+    // The rest of string
+    #define C16(c) { c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c }
+    static const char whitespaces[4][16] = { C16(' '), C16('\n'), C16('\r'), C16('\t') };
+    #undef C16
+
+    const __m128i w0 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[0][0]));
+    const __m128i w1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[1][0]));
+    const __m128i w2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[2][0]));
+    const __m128i w3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[3][0]));
+
+    for (;; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        __m128i x = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w0);
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w1));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w2));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w3));
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(~_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters may be non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+inline const char *SkipWhitespace_SIMD(const char* p, const char* end) {
+    // Fast return for single non-whitespace
+    if (p != end && (*p == ' ' || *p == '\n' || *p == '\r' || *p == '\t'))
+        ++p;
+    else
+        return p;
+
+    // The rest of string
+    #define C16(c) { c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c }
+    static const char whitespaces[4][16] = { C16(' '), C16('\n'), C16('\r'), C16('\t') };
+    #undef C16
+
+    const __m128i w0 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[0][0]));
+    const __m128i w1 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[1][0]));
+    const __m128i w2 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[2][0]));
+    const __m128i w3 = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&whitespaces[3][0]));
+
+    for (; p <= end - 16; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        __m128i x = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w0);
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w1));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w2));
+        x = _mm_or_si128(x, _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, w3));
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(~_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (r != 0) {   // some of characters may be non-whitespace
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first non-whitespace
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            return p + offset;
+#else
+            return p + __builtin_ffs(r) - 1;
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SkipWhitespace(p, end);
+}
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SSE2
+
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+//! Template function specialization for InsituStringStream
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(InsituStringStream& is) {
+    is.src_ = const_cast<char*>(SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.src_));
+}
+
+//! Template function specialization for StringStream
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(StringStream& is) {
+    is.src_ = SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.src_);
+}
+
+template<> inline void SkipWhitespace(EncodedInputStream<UTF8<>, MemoryStream>& is) {
+    is.is_.src_ = SkipWhitespace_SIMD(is.is_.src_, is.is_.end_);
+}
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SIMD
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericReader
+
+//! SAX-style JSON parser. Use \ref Reader for UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+/*! GenericReader parses JSON text from a stream, and send events synchronously to an
+    object implementing Handler concept.
+
+    It needs to allocate a stack for storing a single decoded string during
+    non-destructive parsing.
+
+    For in-situ parsing, the decoded string is directly written to the source
+    text string, no temporary buffer is required.
+
+    A GenericReader object can be reused for parsing multiple JSON text.
+
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of the input stream.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of the parse output.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator type for stack.
+*/
+template <typename SourceEncoding, typename TargetEncoding, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericReader {
+public:
+    typedef typename SourceEncoding::Ch Ch; //!< SourceEncoding character type
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*! \param stackAllocator Optional allocator for allocating stack memory. (Only use for non-destructive parsing)
+        \param stackCapacity stack capacity in bytes for storing a single decoded string.  (Only use for non-destructive parsing)
+    */
+    GenericReader(StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultStackCapacity) : stack_(stackAllocator, stackCapacity), parseResult_() {}
+
+    //! Parse JSON text.
+    /*! \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+        \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept.
+        \tparam Handler Type of handler, implementing Handler concept.
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \param handler The handler to receive events.
+        \return Whether the parsing is successful.
+    */
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult Parse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        if (parseFlags & kParseIterativeFlag)
+            return IterativeParse<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+
+        parseResult_.Clear();
+
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() == '\0')) {
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, is.Tell());
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        }
+        else {
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag)) {
+                SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() != '\0')) {
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, is.Tell());
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    //! Parse JSON text (with \ref kParseDefaultFlags)
+    /*! \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept
+        \tparam Handler Type of handler, implementing Handler concept.
+        \param is Input stream to be parsed.
+        \param handler The handler to receive events.
+        \return Whether the parsing is successful.
+    */
+    template <typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult Parse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        return Parse<kParseDefaultFlags>(is, handler);
+    }
+
+    //! Whether a parse error has occured in the last parsing.
+    bool HasParseError() const { return parseResult_.IsError(); }
+
+    //! Get the \ref ParseErrorCode of last parsing.
+    ParseErrorCode GetParseErrorCode() const { return parseResult_.Code(); }
+
+    //! Get the position of last parsing error in input, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t GetErrorOffset() const { return parseResult_.Offset(); }
+
+protected:
+    void SetParseError(ParseErrorCode code, size_t offset) { parseResult_.Set(code, offset); }
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    GenericReader(const GenericReader&);
+    GenericReader& operator=(const GenericReader&);
+
+    void ClearStack() { stack_.Clear(); }
+
+    // clear stack on any exit from ParseStream, e.g. due to exception
+    struct ClearStackOnExit {
+        explicit ClearStackOnExit(GenericReader& r) : r_(r) {}
+        ~ClearStackOnExit() { r_.ClearStack(); }
+    private:
+        GenericReader& r_;
+        ClearStackOnExit(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+        ClearStackOnExit& operator=(const ClearStackOnExit&);
+    };
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream>
+    void SkipWhitespaceAndComments(InputStream& is) {
+        SkipWhitespace(is);
+
+        if (parseFlags & kParseCommentsFlag) {
+            while (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(Consume(is, '/'))) {
+                if (Consume(is, '*')) {
+                    while (true) {
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() == '\0'))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError, is.Tell());
+                        else if (Consume(is, '*')) {
+                            if (Consume(is, '/'))
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        else
+                            is.Take();
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, '/')))
+                    while (is.Peek() != '\0' && is.Take() != '\n');
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorUnspecificSyntaxError, is.Tell());
+
+                SkipWhitespace(is);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse object: { string : value, ... }
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseObject(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == '{');
+        is.Take();  // Skip '{'
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartObject()))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+        if (Consume(is, '}')) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(0)))  // empty object
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (SizeType memberCount = 0;;) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(is.Peek() != '"'))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell());
+
+            ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler, true);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!Consume(is, ':')))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissColon, is.Tell());
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ++memberCount;
+
+            switch (is.Peek()) {
+                case ',':
+                    is.Take();
+                    SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                    break;
+                case '}':
+                    is.Take();
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(memberCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    return;
+                default:
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket, is.Tell()); break; // This useless break is only for making warning and coverage happy
+            }
+
+            if (parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) {
+                if (is.Peek() == '}') {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndObject(memberCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    is.Take();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Parse array: [ value, ... ]
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseArray(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == '[');
+        is.Take();  // Skip '['
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.StartArray()))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+        if (Consume(is, ']')) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(0))) // empty array
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        for (SizeType elementCount = 0;;) {
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            ++elementCount;
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+
+            if (Consume(is, ',')) {
+                SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            }
+            else if (Consume(is, ']')) {
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(elementCount)))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket, is.Tell());
+
+            if (parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) {
+                if (is.Peek() == ']') {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.EndArray(elementCount)))
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                    is.Take();
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseNull(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 'n');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'u') && Consume(is, 'l') && Consume(is, 'l'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Null()))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseTrue(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 't');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'r') && Consume(is, 'u') && Consume(is, 'e'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Bool(true)))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseFalse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.Peek() == 'f');
+        is.Take();
+
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(is, 'a') && Consume(is, 'l') && Consume(is, 's') && Consume(is, 'e'))) {
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!handler.Bool(false)))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static bool Consume(InputStream& is, typename InputStream::Ch expect) {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Peek() == expect)) {
+            is.Take();
+            return true;
+        }
+        else
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // Helper function to parse four hexidecimal digits in \uXXXX in ParseString().
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    unsigned ParseHex4(InputStream& is, size_t escapeOffset) {
+        unsigned codepoint = 0;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            Ch c = is.Peek();
+            codepoint <<= 4;
+            codepoint += static_cast<unsigned>(c);
+            if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
+                codepoint -= '0';
+            else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F')
+                codepoint -= 'A' - 10;
+            else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f')
+                codepoint -= 'a' - 10;
+            else {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorStringUnicodeEscapeInvalidHex, escapeOffset);
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(0);
+            }
+            is.Take();
+        }
+        return codepoint;
+    }
+
+    template <typename CharType>
+    class StackStream {
+    public:
+        typedef CharType Ch;
+
+        StackStream(internal::Stack<StackAllocator>& stack) : stack_(stack), length_(0) {}
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Put(Ch c) {
+            *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c;
+            ++length_;
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void* Push(SizeType count) {
+            length_ += count;
+            return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count);
+        }
+
+        size_t Length() const { return length_; }
+
+        Ch* Pop() {
+            return stack_.template Pop<Ch>(length_);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        StackStream(const StackStream&);
+        StackStream& operator=(const StackStream&);
+
+        internal::Stack<StackAllocator>& stack_;
+        SizeType length_;
+    };
+
+    // Parse string and generate String event. Different code paths for kParseInsituFlag.
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseString(InputStream& is, Handler& handler, bool isKey = false) {
+        internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+        InputStream& s(copy.s);
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(s.Peek() == '\"');
+        s.Take();  // Skip '\"'
+
+        bool success = false;
+        if (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) {
+            typename InputStream::Ch *head = s.PutBegin();
+            ParseStringToStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding, SourceEncoding>(s, s);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            size_t length = s.PutEnd(head) - 1;
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length <= 0xFFFFFFFF);
+            const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = reinterpret_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch*>(head);
+            success = (isKey ? handler.Key(str, SizeType(length), false) : handler.String(str, SizeType(length), false));
+        }
+        else {
+            StackStream<typename TargetEncoding::Ch> stackStream(stack_);
+            ParseStringToStream<parseFlags, SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>(s, stackStream);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+            SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(stackStream.Length()) - 1;
+            const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = stackStream.Pop();
+            success = (isKey ? handler.Key(str, length, true) : handler.String(str, length, true));
+        }
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!success))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, s.Tell());
+    }
+
+    // Parse string to an output is
+    // This function handles the prefix/suffix double quotes, escaping, and optional encoding validation.
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename SEncoding, typename TEncoding, typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ParseStringToStream(InputStream& is, OutputStream& os) {
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define Z16 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+        static const char escape[256] = {
+            Z16, Z16, 0, 0,'\"', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'/',
+            Z16, Z16, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'\\', 0, 0, 0,
+            0, 0,'\b', 0, 0, 0,'\f', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,'\n', 0,
+            0, 0,'\r', 0,'\t', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+            Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16
+        };
+#undef Z16
+//!@endcond
+
+        for (;;) {
+            // Scan and copy string before "\\\"" or < 0x20. This is an optional optimzation.
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseValidateEncodingFlag))
+                ScanCopyUnescapedString(is, os);
+
+            Ch c = is.Peek();
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(c == '\\')) {    // Escape
+                size_t escapeOffset = is.Tell();    // For invalid escaping, report the inital '\\' as error offset
+                is.Take();
+                Ch e = is.Peek();
+                if ((sizeof(Ch) == 1 || unsigned(e) < 256) && RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(e)])) {
+                    is.Take();
+                    os.Put(static_cast<typename TEncoding::Ch>(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(e)]));
+                }
+                else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(e == 'u')) {    // Unicode
+                    is.Take();
+                    unsigned codepoint = ParseHex4(is, escapeOffset);
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(codepoint >= 0xD800 && codepoint <= 0xDBFF)) {
+                        // Handle UTF-16 surrogate pair
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!Consume(is, '\\') || !Consume(is, 'u')))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid, escapeOffset);
+                        unsigned codepoint2 = ParseHex4(is, escapeOffset);
+                        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN_VOID;
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(codepoint2 < 0xDC00 || codepoint2 > 0xDFFF))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringUnicodeSurrogateInvalid, escapeOffset);
+                        codepoint = (((codepoint - 0xD800) << 10) | (codepoint2 - 0xDC00)) + 0x10000;
+                    }
+                    TEncoding::Encode(os, codepoint);
+                }
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid, escapeOffset);
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(c == '"')) {    // Closing double quote
+                is.Take();
+                os.Put('\0');   // null-terminate the string
+                return;
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 0x20)) { // RFC 4627: unescaped = %x20-21 / %x23-5B / %x5D-10FFFF
+                if (c == '\0')
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringMissQuotationMark, is.Tell());
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringEscapeInvalid, is.Tell());
+            }
+            else {
+                size_t offset = is.Tell();
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY((parseFlags & kParseValidateEncodingFlag ?
+                    !Transcoder<SEncoding, TEncoding>::Validate(is, os) :
+                    !Transcoder<SEncoding, TEncoding>::Transcode(is, os))))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorStringInvalidEncoding, offset);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<typename InputStream, typename OutputStream>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(InputStream&, OutputStream&) {
+            // Do nothing for generic version
+    }
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+    // StringStream -> StackStream<char>
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(StringStream& is, StackStream<char>& os) {
+        const char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                os.Put(*p++);
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16]  = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                SizeType length;
+    #ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+    #else
+                length = static_cast<SizeType>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+    #endif
+                char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os.Push(length));
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+                    q[i] = p[i];
+
+                p += length;
+                break;
+            }
+            _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(os.Push(16)), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+    }
+
+    // InsituStringStream -> InsituStringStream
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void ScanCopyUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is, InsituStringStream& os) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(&is == &os);
+        (void)os;
+
+        if (is.src_ == is.dst_) {
+            SkipUnescapedString(is);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        char* p = is.src_;
+        char *q = is.dst_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        while (p != nextAligned)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = p;
+                is.dst_ = q;
+                return;
+            }
+            else
+                *q++ = *p++;
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16] = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16, q += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                size_t length;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+#else
+                length = static_cast<size_t>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+                for (const char* pend = p + length; p != pend; )
+                    *q++ = *p++;
+                break;
+            }
+            _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(q), s);
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = p;
+        is.dst_ = q;
+    }
+
+    // When read/write pointers are the same for insitu stream, just skip unescaped characters
+    static RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void SkipUnescapedString(InsituStringStream& is) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(is.src_ == is.dst_);
+        char* p = is.src_;
+
+        // Scan one by one until alignment (unaligned load may cross page boundary and cause crash)
+        const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+        for (; p != nextAligned; p++)
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\"') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(*p == '\\') || RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(static_cast<unsigned>(*p) < 0x20)) {
+                is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+                return;
+            }
+
+        // The rest of string using SIMD
+        static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+        static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+        static const char space[16] = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+        const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+        const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+        const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+        for (;; p += 16) {
+            const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+            const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+            const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+            const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+            const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+            unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+                size_t length;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+                unsigned long offset;
+                _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+                length = offset;
+#else
+                length = static_cast<size_t>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+                p += length;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        is.src_ = is.dst_ = p;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    template<typename InputStream, bool backup, bool pushOnTake>
+    class NumberStream;
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, false, false> {
+    public:
+        typedef typename InputStream::Ch Ch;
+
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& s) : is(s) { (void)reader;  }
+        ~NumberStream() {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Peek() const { return is.Peek(); }
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch TakePush() { return is.Take(); }
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Take() { return is.Take(); }
+		  RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Push(char) {}
+
+        size_t Tell() { return is.Tell(); }
+        size_t Length() { return 0; }
+        const char* Pop() { return 0; }
+
+    protected:
+        NumberStream& operator=(const NumberStream&);
+
+        InputStream& is;
+    };
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, true, false> : public NumberStream<InputStream, false, false> {
+        typedef NumberStream<InputStream, false, false> Base;
+    public:
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& is) : Base(reader, is), stackStream(reader.stack_) {}
+        ~NumberStream() {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch TakePush() {
+            stackStream.Put(static_cast<char>(Base::is.Peek()));
+            return Base::is.Take();
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void Push(char c) {
+            stackStream.Put(c);
+        }
+
+        size_t Length() { return stackStream.Length(); }
+
+        const char* Pop() {
+            stackStream.Put('\0');
+            return stackStream.Pop();
+        }
+
+    private:
+        StackStream<char> stackStream;
+    };
+
+    template<typename InputStream>
+    class NumberStream<InputStream, true, true> : public NumberStream<InputStream, true, false> {
+        typedef NumberStream<InputStream, true, false> Base;
+    public:
+        NumberStream(GenericReader& reader, InputStream& is) : Base(reader, is) {}
+        ~NumberStream() {}
+
+        RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Ch Take() { return Base::TakePush(); }
+    };
+
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseNumber(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        internal::StreamLocalCopy<InputStream> copy(is);
+        NumberStream<InputStream,
+            ((parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) != 0) ?
+                ((parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) == 0) :
+                ((parseFlags & kParseFullPrecisionFlag) != 0),
+            (parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) != 0 &&
+                (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) == 0> s(*this, copy.s);
+
+        size_t startOffset = s.Tell();
+        double d = 0.0;
+        bool useNanOrInf = false;
+
+        // Parse minus
+        bool minus = Consume(s, '-');
+
+        // Parse int: zero / ( digit1-9 *DIGIT )
+        unsigned i = 0;
+        uint64_t i64 = 0;
+        bool use64bit = false;
+        int significandDigit = 0;
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() == '0')) {
+            i = 0;
+            s.TakePush();
+        }
+        else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '1' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+            i = static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+
+            if (minus)
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i >= 214748364)) { // 2^31 = 2147483648
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i != 214748364 || s.Peek() > '8')) {
+                            i64 = i;
+                            use64bit = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    i = i * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+            else
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i >= 429496729)) { // 2^32 - 1 = 4294967295
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i != 429496729 || s.Peek() > '5')) {
+                            i64 = i;
+                            use64bit = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    i = i * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+        }
+        // Parse NaN or Infinity here
+        else if ((parseFlags & kParseNanAndInfFlag) && RAPIDJSON_LIKELY((s.Peek() == 'I' || s.Peek() == 'N'))) {
+            useNanOrInf = true;
+            if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(s, 'N') && Consume(s, 'a') && Consume(s, 'N'))) {
+                d = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(Consume(s, 'I') && Consume(s, 'n') && Consume(s, 'f'))) {
+                d = (minus ? -std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity() : std::numeric_limits<double>::infinity());
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() == 'i' && !(Consume(s, 'i') && Consume(s, 'n')
+                                                            && Consume(s, 'i') && Consume(s, 't') && Consume(s, 'y'))))
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+        }
+        else
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, s.Tell());
+
+        // Parse 64bit int
+        bool useDouble = false;
+        if (use64bit) {
+            if (minus)
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                     if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i64 >= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0CCCCCCC, 0xCCCCCCCC))) // 2^63 = 9223372036854775808
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i64 != RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x0CCCCCCC, 0xCCCCCCCC) || s.Peek() > '8')) {
+                            d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+                            useDouble = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+            else
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(i64 >= RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999))) // 2^64 - 1 = 18446744073709551615
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(i64 != RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x19999999, 0x99999999) || s.Peek() > '5')) {
+                            d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+                            useDouble = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    significandDigit++;
+                }
+        }
+
+        // Force double for big integer
+        if (useDouble) {
+            while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(d >= 1.7976931348623157e307)) // DBL_MAX / 10.0
+                    RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberTooBig, startOffset);
+                d = d * 10 + (s.TakePush() - '0');
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Parse frac = decimal-point 1*DIGIT
+        int expFrac = 0;
+        size_t decimalPosition;
+        if (Consume(s, '.')) {
+            decimalPosition = s.Length();
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')))
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberMissFraction, s.Tell());
+
+            if (!useDouble) {
+#if RAPIDJSON_64BIT
+                // Use i64 to store significand in 64-bit architecture
+                if (!use64bit)
+                    i64 = i;
+
+                while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                    if (i64 > RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x1FFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF)) // 2^53 - 1 for fast path
+                        break;
+                    else {
+                        i64 = i64 * 10 + static_cast<unsigned>(s.TakePush() - '0');
+                        --expFrac;
+                        if (i64 != 0)
+                            significandDigit++;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                d = static_cast<double>(i64);
+#else
+                // Use double to store significand in 32-bit architecture
+                d = static_cast<double>(use64bit ? i64 : i);
+#endif
+                useDouble = true;
+            }
+
+            while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                if (significandDigit < 17) {
+                    d = d * 10.0 + (s.TakePush() - '0');
+                    --expFrac;
+                    if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(d > 0.0))
+                        significandDigit++;
+                }
+                else
+                    s.TakePush();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+            decimalPosition = s.Length(); // decimal position at the end of integer.
+
+        // Parse exp = e [ minus / plus ] 1*DIGIT
+        int exp = 0;
+        if (Consume(s, 'e') || Consume(s, 'E')) {
+            if (!useDouble) {
+                d = static_cast<double>(use64bit ? i64 : i);
+                useDouble = true;
+            }
+
+            bool expMinus = false;
+            if (Consume(s, '+'))
+                ;
+            else if (Consume(s, '-'))
+                expMinus = true;
+
+            if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                exp = static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                if (expMinus) {
+                    while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                        exp = exp * 10 + static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                        if (exp >= 214748364) {                         // Issue #313: prevent overflow exponent
+                            while (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9'))  // Consume the rest of exponent
+                                s.Take();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else {  // positive exp
+                    int maxExp = 308 - expFrac;
+                    while (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(s.Peek() >= '0' && s.Peek() <= '9')) {
+                        exp = exp * 10 + static_cast<int>(s.Take() - '0');
+                        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(exp > maxExp))
+                            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberTooBig, startOffset);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            else
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorNumberMissExponent, s.Tell());
+
+            if (expMinus)
+                exp = -exp;
+        }
+
+        // Finish parsing, call event according to the type of number.
+        bool cont = true;
+
+        if (parseFlags & kParseNumbersAsStringsFlag) {
+            if (parseFlags & kParseInsituFlag) {
+                s.Pop();  // Pop stack no matter if it will be used or not.
+                typename InputStream::Ch* head = is.PutBegin();
+                const size_t length = s.Tell() - startOffset;
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(length <= 0xFFFFFFFF);
+                // unable to insert the \0 character here, it will erase the comma after this number
+                const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* const str = reinterpret_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch*>(head);
+                cont = handler.RawNumber(str, SizeType(length), false);
+            }
+            else {
+                SizeType numCharsToCopy = static_cast<SizeType>(s.Length());
+                StringStream srcStream(s.Pop());
+                StackStream<typename TargetEncoding::Ch> dstStream(stack_);
+                while (numCharsToCopy--) {
+                    Transcoder<UTF8<>, TargetEncoding>::Transcode(srcStream, dstStream);
+                }
+                dstStream.Put('\0');
+                const typename TargetEncoding::Ch* str = dstStream.Pop();
+                const SizeType length = static_cast<SizeType>(dstStream.Length()) - 1;
+                cont = handler.RawNumber(str, SizeType(length), true);
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+           size_t length = s.Length();
+           const char* decimal = s.Pop();  // Pop stack no matter if it will be used or not.
+
+           if (useDouble) {
+               int p = exp + expFrac;
+               if (parseFlags & kParseFullPrecisionFlag)
+                   d = internal::StrtodFullPrecision(d, p, decimal, length, decimalPosition, exp);
+               else
+                   d = internal::StrtodNormalPrecision(d, p);
+
+               cont = handler.Double(minus ? -d : d);
+           }
+           else if (useNanOrInf) {
+               cont = handler.Double(d);
+           }
+           else {
+               if (use64bit) {
+                   if (minus)
+                       cont = handler.Int64(static_cast<int64_t>(~i64 + 1));
+                   else
+                       cont = handler.Uint64(i64);
+               }
+               else {
+                   if (minus)
+                       cont = handler.Int(static_cast<int32_t>(~i + 1));
+                   else
+                       cont = handler.Uint(i);
+               }
+           }
+        }
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!cont))
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorTermination, startOffset);
+    }
+
+    // Parse any JSON value
+    template<unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    void ParseValue(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        switch (is.Peek()) {
+            case 'n': ParseNull  <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case 't': ParseTrue  <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case 'f': ParseFalse <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '"': ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '{': ParseObject<parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            case '[': ParseArray <parseFlags>(is, handler); break;
+            default :
+                      ParseNumber<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+                      break;
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Iterative Parsing
+
+    // States
+    enum IterativeParsingState {
+        IterativeParsingStartState = 0,
+        IterativeParsingFinishState,
+        IterativeParsingErrorState,
+
+        // Object states
+        IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,
+        IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberValueState,
+        IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,
+
+        // Array states
+        IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,
+        IterativeParsingElementState,
+        IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState,
+        IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,
+
+        // Single value state
+        IterativeParsingValueState
+    };
+
+    enum { cIterativeParsingStateCount = IterativeParsingValueState + 1 };
+
+    // Tokens
+    enum Token {
+        LeftBracketToken = 0,
+        RightBracketToken,
+
+        LeftCurlyBracketToken,
+        RightCurlyBracketToken,
+
+        CommaToken,
+        ColonToken,
+
+        StringToken,
+        FalseToken,
+        TrueToken,
+        NullToken,
+        NumberToken,
+
+        kTokenCount
+    };
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE Token Tokenize(Ch c) {
+
+//!@cond RAPIDJSON_HIDDEN_FROM_DOXYGEN
+#define N NumberToken
+#define N16 N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N,N
+        // Maps from ASCII to Token
+        static const unsigned char tokenMap[256] = {
+            N16, // 00~0F
+            N16, // 10~1F
+            N, N, StringToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, CommaToken, N, N, N, // 20~2F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, ColonToken, N, N, N, N, N, // 30~3F
+            N16, // 40~4F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, LeftBracketToken, N, RightBracketToken, N, N, // 50~5F
+            N, N, N, N, N, N, FalseToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, N, NullToken, N, // 60~6F
+            N, N, N, N, TrueToken, N, N, N, N, N, N, LeftCurlyBracketToken, N, RightCurlyBracketToken, N, N, // 70~7F
+            N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16, N16 // 80~FF
+        };
+#undef N
+#undef N16
+//!@endcond
+
+        if (sizeof(Ch) == 1 || static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 256)
+            return static_cast<Token>(tokenMap[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]);
+        else
+            return NumberToken;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE IterativeParsingState Predict(IterativeParsingState state, Token token) {
+        // current state x one lookahead token -> new state
+        static const char G[cIterativeParsingStateCount][kTokenCount] = {
+            // Start
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,  // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState, // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // String
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingValueState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingValueState          // Number
+            },
+            // Finish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Error(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // ObjectInitial
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,  // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,     // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState          // Number
+            },
+            // MemberKey
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState, // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // KeyValueDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push MemberValue state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push MemberValue state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // String
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // False
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // True
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState,       // Null
+                IterativeParsingMemberValueState        // Number
+            },
+            // MemberValue
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,      // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState,   // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // MemberDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectFinishState,  // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Colon
+                IterativeParsingMemberKeyState,     // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,         // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState          // Number
+            },
+            // ObjectFinish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // ArrayInitial
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // String
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // False
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // True
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // Null
+                IterativeParsingElementState            // Number
+            },
+            // Element
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left bracket
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Left curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState,  // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // String
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // False
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // True
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Null
+                IterativeParsingErrorState              // Number
+            },
+            // ElementDelimiter
+            {
+                IterativeParsingArrayInitialState,      // Left bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingArrayFinishState,       // Right bracket
+                IterativeParsingObjectInitialState,     // Left curly bracket(push Element state)
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Right curly bracket
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Comma
+                IterativeParsingErrorState,             // Colon
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // String
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // False
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // True
+                IterativeParsingElementState,           // Null
+                IterativeParsingElementState            // Number
+            },
+            // ArrayFinish(sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            },
+            // Single Value (sink state)
+            {
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState, IterativeParsingErrorState,
+                IterativeParsingErrorState
+            }
+        }; // End of G
+
+        return static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(G[state][token]);
+    }
+
+    // Make an advance in the token stream and state based on the candidate destination state which was returned by Transit().
+    // May return a new state on state pop.
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE IterativeParsingState Transit(IterativeParsingState src, Token token, IterativeParsingState dst, InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        (void)token;
+
+        switch (dst) {
+        case IterativeParsingErrorState:
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingObjectInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingArrayInitialState:
+        {
+            // Push the state(Element or MemeberValue) if we are nested in another array or value of member.
+            // In this way we can get the correct state on ObjectFinish or ArrayFinish by frame pop.
+            IterativeParsingState n = src;
+            if (src == IterativeParsingArrayInitialState || src == IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState)
+                n = IterativeParsingElementState;
+            else if (src == IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState)
+                n = IterativeParsingMemberValueState;
+            // Push current state.
+            *stack_.template Push<SizeType>(1) = n;
+            // Initialize and push the member/element count.
+            *stack_.template Push<SizeType>(1) = 0;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = (dst == IterativeParsingObjectInitialState) ? handler.StartObject() : handler.StartArray();
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return dst;
+            }
+        }
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberKeyState:
+            ParseString<parseFlags>(is, handler, true);
+            if (HasParseError())
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            else
+                return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState:
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(token == ColonToken);
+            is.Take();
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberValueState:
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingElementState:
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState:
+        case IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState:
+            is.Take();
+            // Update member/element count.
+            *stack_.template Top<SizeType>() = *stack_.template Top<SizeType>() + 1;
+            return dst;
+
+        case IterativeParsingObjectFinishState:
+        {
+            // Transit from delimiter is only allowed when trailing commas are enabled
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) && src == IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            // Get member count.
+            SizeType c = *stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1);
+            // If the object is not empty, count the last member.
+            if (src == IterativeParsingMemberValueState)
+                ++c;
+            // Restore the state.
+            IterativeParsingState n = static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(*stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1));
+            // Transit to Finish state if this is the topmost scope.
+            if (n == IterativeParsingStartState)
+                n = IterativeParsingFinishState;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = handler.EndObject(c);
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        case IterativeParsingArrayFinishState:
+        {
+            // Transit from delimiter is only allowed when trailing commas are enabled
+            if (!(parseFlags & kParseTrailingCommasFlag) && src == IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            // Get element count.
+            SizeType c = *stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1);
+            // If the array is not empty, count the last element.
+            if (src == IterativeParsingElementState)
+                ++c;
+            // Restore the state.
+            IterativeParsingState n = static_cast<IterativeParsingState>(*stack_.template Pop<SizeType>(1));
+            // Transit to Finish state if this is the topmost scope.
+            if (n == IterativeParsingStartState)
+                n = IterativeParsingFinishState;
+            // Call handler
+            bool hr = handler.EndArray(c);
+            // On handler short circuits the parsing.
+            if (!hr) {
+                RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_NORETURN(kParseErrorTermination, is.Tell());
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            else {
+                is.Take();
+                return n;
+            }
+        }
+
+        default:
+            // This branch is for IterativeParsingValueState actually.
+            // Use `default:` rather than
+            // `case IterativeParsingValueState:` is for code coverage.
+
+            // The IterativeParsingStartState is not enumerated in this switch-case.
+            // It is impossible for that case. And it can be caught by following assertion.
+
+            // The IterativeParsingFinishState is not enumerated in this switch-case either.
+            // It is a "derivative" state which cannot triggered from Predict() directly.
+            // Therefore it cannot happen here. And it can be caught by following assertion.
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dst == IterativeParsingValueState);
+
+            // Must be non-compound value. Or it would be ObjectInitial or ArrayInitial state.
+            ParseValue<parseFlags>(is, handler);
+            if (HasParseError()) {
+                return IterativeParsingErrorState;
+            }
+            return IterativeParsingFinishState;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename InputStream>
+    void HandleError(IterativeParsingState src, InputStream& is) {
+        if (HasParseError()) {
+            // Error flag has been set.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        switch (src) {
+        case IterativeParsingStartState:            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentEmpty, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingFinishState:           RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorDocumentRootNotSingular, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingObjectInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingMemberDelimiterState:  RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissName, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingMemberKeyState:        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissColon, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingMemberValueState:      RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorObjectMissCommaOrCurlyBracket, is.Tell()); return;
+        case IterativeParsingKeyValueDelimiterState:
+        case IterativeParsingArrayInitialState:
+        case IterativeParsingElementDelimiterState: RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorValueInvalid, is.Tell()); return;
+        default: RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(src == IterativeParsingElementState); RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR(kParseErrorArrayMissCommaOrSquareBracket, is.Tell()); return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <unsigned parseFlags, typename InputStream, typename Handler>
+    ParseResult IterativeParse(InputStream& is, Handler& handler) {
+        parseResult_.Clear();
+        ClearStackOnExit scope(*this);
+        IterativeParsingState state = IterativeParsingStartState;
+
+        SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+        RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        while (is.Peek() != '\0') {
+            Token t = Tokenize(is.Peek());
+            IterativeParsingState n = Predict(state, t);
+            IterativeParsingState d = Transit<parseFlags>(state, t, n, is, handler);
+
+            if (d == IterativeParsingErrorState) {
+                HandleError(state, is);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            state = d;
+
+            // Do not further consume streams if a root JSON has been parsed.
+            if ((parseFlags & kParseStopWhenDoneFlag) && state == IterativeParsingFinishState)
+                break;
+
+            SkipWhitespaceAndComments<parseFlags>(is);
+            RAPIDJSON_PARSE_ERROR_EARLY_RETURN(parseResult_);
+        }
+
+        // Handle the end of file.
+        if (state != IterativeParsingFinishState)
+            HandleError(state, is);
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultStackCapacity = 256;    //!< Default stack capacity in bytes for storing a single decoded string.
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> stack_;  //!< A stack for storing decoded string temporarily during non-destructive parsing.
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+}; // class GenericReader
+
+//! Reader with UTF8 encoding and default allocator.
+typedef GenericReader<UTF8<>, UTF8<> > Reader;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_READER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/schema.h b/external/rapidjson/schema.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b182aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/schema.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2006 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available->
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip-> All rights reserved->
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License-> You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource->org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied-> See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License->
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
+
+#include "document.h"
+#include "pointer.h"
+#include <cmath> // abs, floor
+
+#if !defined(RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX)
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#if !RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX && !defined(RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX) && (__cplusplus >=201103L || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800))
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+#include "internal/regex.h"
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+#include <regex>
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX || RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 1
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX 0
+#endif
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE 0
+#endif
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#include "stringbuffer.h"
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(effc++)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(weak-vtables)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(exit-time-destructors)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat-pedantic)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(variadic-macros)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4512) // assignment operator could not be generated
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Verbose Utilities
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+
+namespace internal {
+
+inline void PrintInvalidKeyword(const char* keyword) {
+    printf("Fail keyword: %s\n", keyword);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidKeyword(const wchar_t* keyword) {
+    wprintf(L"Fail keyword: %ls\n", keyword);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidDocument(const char* document) {
+    printf("Fail document: %s\n\n", document);
+}
+
+inline void PrintInvalidDocument(const wchar_t* document) {
+    wprintf(L"Fail document: %ls\n\n", document);
+}
+
+inline void PrintValidatorPointers(unsigned depth, const char* s, const char* d) {
+    printf("S: %*s%s\nD: %*s%s\n\n", depth * 4, " ", s, depth * 4, " ", d);
+}
+
+inline void PrintValidatorPointers(unsigned depth, const wchar_t* s, const wchar_t* d) {
+    wprintf(L"S: %*ls%ls\nD: %*ls%ls\n\n", depth * 4, L" ", s, depth * 4, L" ", d);
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword) internal::PrintInvalidKeyword(keyword)
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword)
+#endif
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(keyword)\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN\
+    context.invalidKeyword = keyword.GetString();\
+    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_VERBOSE(keyword.GetString());\
+    return false;\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Forward declarations
+
+template <typename ValueType, typename Allocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument;
+
+namespace internal {
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class Schema;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ISchemaValidator
+
+class ISchemaValidator {
+public:
+    virtual ~ISchemaValidator() {}
+    virtual bool IsValid() const = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// ISchemaStateFactory
+
+template <typename SchemaType>
+class ISchemaStateFactory {
+public:
+    virtual ~ISchemaStateFactory() {}
+    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType&) = 0;
+    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) = 0;
+    virtual void* CreateHasher() = 0;
+    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) = 0;
+    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) = 0;
+    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) = 0;
+    virtual void FreeState(void* p) = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Hasher
+
+// For comparison of compound value
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+class Hasher {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    Hasher(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t stackCapacity = kDefaultSize) : stack_(allocator, stackCapacity) {}
+
+    bool Null() { return WriteType(kNullType); }
+    bool Bool(bool b) { return WriteType(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); }
+    bool Int(int i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i) { Number n; n.u.i = i; n.d = static_cast<double>(i); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { Number n; n.u.u = u; n.d = static_cast<double>(u); return WriteNumber(n); }
+    bool Double(double d) { 
+        Number n; 
+        if (d < 0) n.u.i = static_cast<int64_t>(d);
+        else       n.u.u = static_cast<uint64_t>(d); 
+        n.d = d;
+        return WriteNumber(n);
+    }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
+        WriteBuffer(kNumberType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) {
+        WriteBuffer(kStringType, str, len * sizeof(Ch));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject() { return true; }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) { return String(str, len, copy); }
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) { 
+        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kObjectType);
+        uint64_t* kv = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(memberCount * 2);
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < memberCount; i++)
+            h ^= Hash(kv[i * 2], kv[i * 2 + 1]);  // Use xor to achieve member order insensitive
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    bool StartArray() { return true; }
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) { 
+        uint64_t h = Hash(0, kArrayType);
+        uint64_t* e = stack_.template Pop<uint64_t>(elementCount);
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < elementCount; i++)
+            h = Hash(h, e[i]); // Use hash to achieve element order sensitive
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool IsValid() const { return stack_.GetSize() == sizeof(uint64_t); }
+
+    uint64_t GetHashCode() const {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(IsValid());
+        return *stack_.template Top<uint64_t>();
+    }
+
+private:
+    static const size_t kDefaultSize = 256;
+    struct Number {
+        union U {
+            uint64_t u;
+            int64_t i;
+        }u;
+        double d;
+    };
+
+    bool WriteType(Type type) { return WriteBuffer(type, 0, 0); }
+    
+    bool WriteNumber(const Number& n) { return WriteBuffer(kNumberType, &n, sizeof(n)); }
+    
+    bool WriteBuffer(Type type, const void* data, size_t len) {
+        // FNV-1a from http://isthe.com/chongo/tech/comp/fnv/
+        uint64_t h = Hash(RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x84222325, 0xcbf29ce4), type);
+        const unsigned char* d = static_cast<const unsigned char*>(data);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+            h = Hash(h, d[i]);
+        *stack_.template Push<uint64_t>() = h;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static uint64_t Hash(uint64_t h, uint64_t d) {
+        static const uint64_t kPrime = RAPIDJSON_UINT64_C2(0x00000100, 0x000001b3);
+        h ^= d;
+        h *= kPrime;
+        return h;
+    }
+
+    Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SchemaValidationContext
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+struct SchemaValidationContext {
+    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
+    typedef ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType> SchemaValidatorFactoryType;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::ValueType ValueType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::Ch Ch;
+
+    enum PatternValidatorType {
+        kPatternValidatorOnly,
+        kPatternValidatorWithProperty,
+        kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty
+    };
+
+    SchemaValidationContext(SchemaValidatorFactoryType& f, const SchemaType* s) :
+        factory(f),
+        schema(s),
+        valueSchema(),
+        invalidKeyword(),
+        hasher(),
+        arrayElementHashCodes(),
+        validators(),
+        validatorCount(),
+        patternPropertiesValidators(),
+        patternPropertiesValidatorCount(),
+        patternPropertiesSchemas(),
+        patternPropertiesSchemaCount(),
+        valuePatternValidatorType(kPatternValidatorOnly),
+        propertyExist(),
+        inArray(false),
+        valueUniqueness(false),
+        arrayUniqueness(false)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ~SchemaValidationContext() {
+        if (hasher)
+            factory.DestroryHasher(hasher);
+        if (validators) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < validatorCount; i++)
+                factory.DestroySchemaValidator(validators[i]);
+            factory.FreeState(validators);
+        }
+        if (patternPropertiesValidators) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i++)
+                factory.DestroySchemaValidator(patternPropertiesValidators[i]);
+            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesValidators);
+        }
+        if (patternPropertiesSchemas)
+            factory.FreeState(patternPropertiesSchemas);
+        if (propertyExist)
+            factory.FreeState(propertyExist);
+    }
+
+    SchemaValidatorFactoryType& factory;
+    const SchemaType* schema;
+    const SchemaType* valueSchema;
+    const Ch* invalidKeyword;
+    void* hasher; // Only validator access
+    void* arrayElementHashCodes; // Only validator access this
+    ISchemaValidator** validators;
+    SizeType validatorCount;
+    ISchemaValidator** patternPropertiesValidators;
+    SizeType patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+    const SchemaType** patternPropertiesSchemas;
+    SizeType patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
+    PatternValidatorType valuePatternValidatorType;
+    PatternValidatorType objectPatternValidatorType;
+    SizeType arrayElementIndex;
+    bool* propertyExist;
+    bool inArray;
+    bool valueUniqueness;
+    bool arrayUniqueness;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// Schema
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class Schema {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::AllocatorType AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef SchemaValidationContext<SchemaDocumentType> Context;
+    typedef Schema<SchemaDocumentType> SchemaType;
+    typedef GenericValue<EncodingType, AllocatorType> SValue;
+    friend class GenericSchemaDocument<ValueType, AllocatorType>;
+
+    Schema(SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& document, AllocatorType* allocator) :
+        allocator_(allocator),
+        enum_(),
+        enumCount_(),
+        not_(),
+        type_((1 << kTotalSchemaType) - 1), // typeless
+        validatorCount_(),
+        properties_(),
+        additionalPropertiesSchema_(),
+        patternProperties_(),
+        patternPropertyCount_(),
+        propertyCount_(),
+        minProperties_(),
+        maxProperties_(SizeType(~0)),
+        additionalProperties_(true),
+        hasDependencies_(),
+        hasRequired_(),
+        hasSchemaDependencies_(),
+        additionalItemsSchema_(),
+        itemsList_(),
+        itemsTuple_(),
+        itemsTupleCount_(),
+        minItems_(),
+        maxItems_(SizeType(~0)),
+        additionalItems_(true),
+        uniqueItems_(false),
+        pattern_(),
+        minLength_(0),
+        maxLength_(~SizeType(0)),
+        exclusiveMinimum_(false),
+        exclusiveMaximum_(false)
+    {
+        typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::ValueType ValueType;
+        typedef typename ValueType::ConstValueIterator ConstValueIterator;
+        typedef typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator ConstMemberIterator;
+
+        if (!value.IsObject())
+            return;
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetTypeString())) {
+            type_ = 0;
+            if (v->IsString())
+                AddType(*v);
+            else if (v->IsArray())
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr)
+                    AddType(*itr);
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetEnumString()))
+            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
+                enum_ = static_cast<uint64_t*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(uint64_t) * v->Size()));
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr) {
+                    typedef Hasher<EncodingType, MemoryPoolAllocator<> > EnumHasherType;
+                    char buffer[256 + 24];
+                    MemoryPoolAllocator<> hasherAllocator(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+                    EnumHasherType h(&hasherAllocator, 256);
+                    itr->Accept(h);
+                    enum_[enumCount_++] = h.GetHashCode();
+                }
+            }
+
+        if (schemaDocument) {
+            AssignIfExist(allOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAllOfString(), document);
+            AssignIfExist(anyOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetAnyOfString(), document);
+            AssignIfExist(oneOf_, *schemaDocument, p, value, GetOneOfString(), document);
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetNotString())) {
+            schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&not_, p.Append(GetNotString(), allocator_), *v, document);
+            notValidatorIndex_ = validatorCount_;
+            validatorCount_++;
+        }
+
+        // Object
+
+        const ValueType* properties = GetMember(value, GetPropertiesString());
+        const ValueType* required = GetMember(value, GetRequiredString());
+        const ValueType* dependencies = GetMember(value, GetDependenciesString());
+        {
+            // Gather properties from properties/required/dependencies
+            SValue allProperties(kArrayType);
+
+            if (properties && properties->IsObject())
+                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr)
+                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
+            
+            if (required && required->IsArray())
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
+                    if (itr->IsString())
+                        AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *itr);
+
+            if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject())
+                for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                    AddUniqueElement(allProperties, itr->name);
+                    if (itr->value.IsArray())
+                        for (ConstValueIterator i = itr->value.Begin(); i != itr->value.End(); ++i)
+                            if (i->IsString())
+                                AddUniqueElement(allProperties, *i);
+                }
+
+            if (allProperties.Size() > 0) {
+                propertyCount_ = allProperties.Size();
+                properties_ = static_cast<Property*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(Property) * propertyCount_));
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++) {
+                    new (&properties_[i]) Property();
+                    properties_[i].name = allProperties[i];
+                    properties_[i].schema = GetTypeless();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (properties && properties->IsObject()) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPropertiesString(), allocator_);
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = properties->MemberBegin(); itr != properties->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                SizeType index;
+                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &index))
+                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[index].schema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternPropertiesString())) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetPatternPropertiesString(), allocator_);
+            patternProperties_ = static_cast<PatternProperty*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(PatternProperty) * v->MemberCount()));
+            patternPropertyCount_ = 0;
+
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = v->MemberBegin(); itr != v->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                new (&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_]) PatternProperty();
+                patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].pattern = CreatePattern(itr->name);
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&patternProperties_[patternPropertyCount_].schema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+                patternPropertyCount_++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (required && required->IsArray())
+            for (ConstValueIterator itr = required->Begin(); itr != required->End(); ++itr)
+                if (itr->IsString()) {
+                    SizeType index;
+                    if (FindPropertyIndex(*itr, &index)) {
+                        properties_[index].required = true;
+                        hasRequired_ = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+        if (dependencies && dependencies->IsObject()) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetDependenciesString(), allocator_);
+            hasDependencies_ = true;
+            for (ConstMemberIterator itr = dependencies->MemberBegin(); itr != dependencies->MemberEnd(); ++itr) {
+                SizeType sourceIndex;
+                if (FindPropertyIndex(itr->name, &sourceIndex)) {
+                    if (itr->value.IsArray()) {
+                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies = static_cast<bool*>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
+                        std::memset(properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies, 0, sizeof(bool)* propertyCount_);
+                        for (ConstValueIterator targetItr = itr->value.Begin(); targetItr != itr->value.End(); ++targetItr) {
+                            SizeType targetIndex;
+                            if (FindPropertyIndex(*targetItr, &targetIndex))
+                                properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies[targetIndex] = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else if (itr->value.IsObject()) {
+                        hasSchemaDependencies_ = true;
+                        schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesSchema, q.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+                        properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesValidatorIndex = validatorCount_;
+                        validatorCount_++;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalPropertiesString())) {
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                additionalProperties_ = v->GetBool();
+            else if (v->IsObject())
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalPropertiesSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalPropertiesString(), allocator_), *v, document);
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(minProperties_, value, GetMinPropertiesString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxProperties_, value, GetMaxPropertiesString());
+
+        // Array
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetItemsString())) {
+            PointerType q = p.Append(GetItemsString(), allocator_);
+            if (v->IsObject()) // List validation
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsList_, q, *v, document);
+            else if (v->IsArray()) { // Tuple validation
+                itemsTuple_ = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(const Schema*) * v->Size()));
+                SizeType index = 0;
+                for (ConstValueIterator itr = v->Begin(); itr != v->End(); ++itr, index++)
+                    schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&itemsTuple_[itemsTupleCount_++], q.Append(index, allocator_), *itr, document);
+            }
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(minItems_, value, GetMinItemsString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxItems_, value, GetMaxItemsString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetAdditionalItemsString())) {
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                additionalItems_ = v->GetBool();
+            else if (v->IsObject())
+                schemaDocument->CreateSchema(&additionalItemsSchema_, p.Append(GetAdditionalItemsString(), allocator_), *v, document);
+        }
+
+        AssignIfExist(uniqueItems_, value, GetUniqueItemsString());
+
+        // String
+        AssignIfExist(minLength_, value, GetMinLengthString());
+        AssignIfExist(maxLength_, value, GetMaxLengthString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetPatternString()))
+            pattern_ = CreatePattern(*v);
+
+        // Number
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMinimumString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber())
+                minimum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMaximumString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber())
+                maximum_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+
+        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMinimum_, value, GetExclusiveMinimumString());
+        AssignIfExist(exclusiveMaximum_, value, GetExclusiveMaximumString());
+
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, GetMultipleOfString()))
+            if (v->IsNumber() && v->GetDouble() > 0.0)
+                multipleOf_.CopyFrom(*v, *allocator_);
+    }
+
+    ~Schema() {
+        if (allocator_) {
+            allocator_->Free(enum_);
+        }
+        if (properties_) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
+                properties_[i].~Property();
+            AllocatorType::Free(properties_);
+        }
+        if (patternProperties_) {
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
+                patternProperties_[i].~PatternProperty();
+            AllocatorType::Free(patternProperties_);
+        }
+        AllocatorType::Free(itemsTuple_);
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HAS_REGEX
+        if (pattern_) {
+            pattern_->~RegexType();
+            allocator_->Free(pattern_);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    bool BeginValue(Context& context) const {
+        if (context.inArray) {
+            if (uniqueItems_)
+                context.valueUniqueness = true;
+
+            if (itemsList_)
+                context.valueSchema = itemsList_;
+            else if (itemsTuple_) {
+                if (context.arrayElementIndex < itemsTupleCount_)
+                    context.valueSchema = itemsTuple_[context.arrayElementIndex];
+                else if (additionalItemsSchema_)
+                    context.valueSchema = additionalItemsSchema_;
+                else if (additionalItems_)
+                    context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+                else
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetItemsString());
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+
+            context.arrayElementIndex++;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE bool EndValue(Context& context) const {
+        if (context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount > 0) {
+            bool otherValid = false;
+            SizeType count = context.patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType != Context::kPatternValidatorOnly)
+                otherValid = context.patternPropertiesValidators[--count]->IsValid();
+
+            bool patternValid = true;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                if (!context.patternPropertiesValidators[i]->IsValid()) {
+                    patternValid = false;
+                    break;
+                }
+
+            if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorOnly) {
+                if (!patternValid)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
+            }
+            else if (context.objectPatternValidatorType == Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty) {
+                if (!patternValid || !otherValid)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
+            }
+            else if (!patternValid && !otherValid) // kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty)
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternPropertiesString());
+        }
+
+        if (enum_) {
+            const uint64_t h = context.factory.GetHashCode(context.hasher);
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < enumCount_; i++)
+                if (enum_[i] == h)
+                    goto foundEnum;
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetEnumString());
+            foundEnum:;
+        }
+
+        if (allOf_.schemas)
+            for (SizeType i = allOf_.begin; i < allOf_.begin + allOf_.count; i++)
+                if (!context.validators[i]->IsValid())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAllOfString());
+        
+        if (anyOf_.schemas) {
+            for (SizeType i = anyOf_.begin; i < anyOf_.begin + anyOf_.count; i++)
+                if (context.validators[i]->IsValid())
+                    goto foundAny;
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAnyOfString());
+            foundAny:;
+        }
+
+        if (oneOf_.schemas) {
+            bool oneValid = false;
+            for (SizeType i = oneOf_.begin; i < oneOf_.begin + oneOf_.count; i++)
+                if (context.validators[i]->IsValid()) {
+                    if (oneValid)
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetOneOfString());
+                    else
+                        oneValid = true;
+                }
+            if (!oneValid)
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetOneOfString());
+        }
+
+        if (not_ && context.validators[notValidatorIndex_]->IsValid())
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetNotString());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool Null(Context& context) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNullSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+    
+    bool Bool(Context& context, bool) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kBooleanSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Int(Context& context, int i) const {
+        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Uint(Context& context, unsigned u) const {
+        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Int64(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
+        if (!CheckInt(context, i))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Uint64(Context& context, uint64_t u) const {
+        if (!CheckUint(context, u))
+            return false;
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool Double(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kNumberSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMinimum(context, d))
+            return false;
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMaximum(context, d))
+            return false;
+        
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull() && !CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, d))
+            return false;
+        
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+    
+    bool String(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool) const {
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kStringSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (minLength_ != 0 || maxLength_ != SizeType(~0)) {
+            SizeType count;
+            if (internal::CountStringCodePoint<EncodingType>(str, length, &count)) {
+                if (count < minLength_)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinLengthString());
+                if (count > maxLength_)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxLengthString());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (pattern_ && !IsPatternMatch(pattern_, str, length))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetPatternString());
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool StartObject(Context& context) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kObjectSchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (hasDependencies_ || hasRequired_) {
+            context.propertyExist = static_cast<bool*>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_));
+            std::memset(context.propertyExist, 0, sizeof(bool) * propertyCount_);
+        }
+
+        if (patternProperties_) { // pre-allocate schema array
+            SizeType count = patternPropertyCount_ + 1; // extra for valuePatternValidatorType
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemas = static_cast<const SchemaType**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(const SchemaType*) * count));
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
+            std::memset(context.patternPropertiesSchemas, 0, sizeof(SchemaType*) * count);
+        }
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+    
+    bool Key(Context& context, const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool) const {
+        if (patternProperties_) {
+            context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount = 0;
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < patternPropertyCount_; i++)
+                if (patternProperties_[i].pattern && IsPatternMatch(patternProperties_[i].pattern, str, len))
+                    context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = patternProperties_[i].schema;
+        }
+
+        SizeType index;
+        if (FindPropertyIndex(ValueType(str, len).Move(), &index)) {
+            if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
+                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = properties_[index].schema;
+                context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithProperty;
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = properties_[index].schema;
+
+            if (context.propertyExist)
+                context.propertyExist[index] = true;
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (additionalPropertiesSchema_) {
+            if (additionalPropertiesSchema_ && context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount > 0) {
+                context.patternPropertiesSchemas[context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount++] = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+                context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+                context.valuePatternValidatorType = Context::kPatternValidatorWithAdditionalProperty;
+            }
+            else
+                context.valueSchema = additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+            return true;
+        }
+        else if (additionalProperties_) {
+            context.valueSchema = GetTypeless();
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (context.patternPropertiesSchemaCount == 0) // patternProperties are not additional properties
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetAdditionalPropertiesString());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool EndObject(Context& context, SizeType memberCount) const {
+        if (hasRequired_)
+            for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
+                if (properties_[index].required)
+                    if (!context.propertyExist[index])
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetRequiredString());
+
+        if (memberCount < minProperties_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinPropertiesString());
+
+        if (memberCount > maxProperties_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxPropertiesString());
+
+        if (hasDependencies_) {
+            for (SizeType sourceIndex = 0; sourceIndex < propertyCount_; sourceIndex++)
+                if (context.propertyExist[sourceIndex]) {
+                    if (properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies) {
+                        for (SizeType targetIndex = 0; targetIndex < propertyCount_; targetIndex++)
+                            if (properties_[sourceIndex].dependencies[targetIndex] && !context.propertyExist[targetIndex])
+                                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetDependenciesString());
+                    }
+                    else if (properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesSchema)
+                        if (!context.validators[properties_[sourceIndex].dependenciesValidatorIndex]->IsValid())
+                            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetDependenciesString());
+                }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray(Context& context) const { 
+        if (!(type_ & (1 << kArraySchemaType)))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        context.arrayElementIndex = 0;
+        context.inArray = true;
+
+        return CreateParallelValidator(context);
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(Context& context, SizeType elementCount) const { 
+        context.inArray = false;
+        
+        if (elementCount < minItems_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinItemsString());
+        
+        if (elementCount > maxItems_)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaxItemsString());
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Generate functions for string literal according to Ch
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRING_(name, ...) \
+    static const ValueType& Get##name##String() {\
+        static const Ch s[] = { __VA_ARGS__, '\0' };\
+        static const ValueType v(s, sizeof(s) / sizeof(Ch) - 1);\
+        return v;\
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Null, 'n', 'u', 'l', 'l')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Boolean, 'b', 'o', 'o', 'l', 'e', 'a', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Object, 'o', 'b', 'j', 'e', 'c', 't')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Array, 'a', 'r', 'r', 'a', 'y')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(String, 's', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Number, 'n', 'u', 'm', 'b', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Integer, 'i', 'n', 't', 'e', 'g', 'e', 'r')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Type, 't', 'y', 'p', 'e')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Enum, 'e', 'n', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AllOf, 'a', 'l', 'l', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AnyOf, 'a', 'n', 'y', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(OneOf, 'o', 'n', 'e', 'O', 'f')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Not, 'n', 'o', 't')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Properties, 'p', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Required, 'r', 'e', 'q', 'u', 'i', 'r', 'e', 'd')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Dependencies, 'd', 'e', 'p', 'e', 'n', 'd', 'e', 'n', 'c', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(PatternProperties, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalProperties, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinProperties, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxProperties, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'P', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e', 'r', 't', 'i', 'e', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Items, 'i', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinItems, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxItems, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(AdditionalItems, 'a', 'd', 'd', 'i', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(UniqueItems, 'u', 'n', 'i', 'q', 'u', 'e', 'I', 't', 'e', 'm', 's')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MinLength, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MaxLength, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'L', 'e', 'n', 'g', 't', 'h')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Pattern, 'p', 'a', 't', 't', 'e', 'r', 'n')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Minimum, 'm', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(Maximum, 'm', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMinimum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'i', 'n', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(ExclusiveMaximum, 'e', 'x', 'c', 'l', 'u', 's', 'i', 'v', 'e', 'M', 'a', 'x', 'i', 'm', 'u', 'm')
+    RAPIDJSON_STRING_(MultipleOf, 'm', 'u', 'l', 't', 'i', 'p', 'l', 'e', 'O', 'f')
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_STRING_
+
+private:
+    enum SchemaValueType {
+        kNullSchemaType,
+        kBooleanSchemaType,
+        kObjectSchemaType,
+        kArraySchemaType,
+        kStringSchemaType,
+        kNumberSchemaType,
+        kIntegerSchemaType,
+        kTotalSchemaType
+    };
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+        typedef internal::GenericRegex<EncodingType> RegexType;
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+        typedef std::basic_regex<Ch> RegexType;
+#else
+        typedef char RegexType;
+#endif
+
+    struct SchemaArray {
+        SchemaArray() : schemas(), count() {}
+        ~SchemaArray() { AllocatorType::Free(schemas); }
+        const SchemaType** schemas;
+        SizeType begin; // begin index of context.validators
+        SizeType count;
+    };
+
+    static const SchemaType* GetTypeless() {
+        static SchemaType typeless(0, PointerType(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), ValueType(kObjectType).Move(), 0);
+        return &typeless;
+    }
+
+    template <typename V1, typename V2>
+    void AddUniqueElement(V1& a, const V2& v) {
+        for (typename V1::ConstValueIterator itr = a.Begin(); itr != a.End(); ++itr)
+            if (*itr == v)
+                return;
+        V1 c(v, *allocator_);
+        a.PushBack(c, *allocator_);
+    }
+
+    static const ValueType* GetMember(const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = value.FindMember(name);
+        return itr != value.MemberEnd() ? &(itr->value) : 0;
+    }
+
+    static void AssignIfExist(bool& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
+            if (v->IsBool())
+                out = v->GetBool();
+    }
+
+    static void AssignIfExist(SizeType& out, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name))
+            if (v->IsUint64() && v->GetUint64() <= SizeType(~0))
+                out = static_cast<SizeType>(v->GetUint64());
+    }
+
+    void AssignIfExist(SchemaArray& out, SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument, const PointerType& p, const ValueType& value, const ValueType& name, const ValueType& document) {
+        if (const ValueType* v = GetMember(value, name)) {
+            if (v->IsArray() && v->Size() > 0) {
+                PointerType q = p.Append(name, allocator_);
+                out.count = v->Size();
+                out.schemas = static_cast<const Schema**>(allocator_->Malloc(out.count * sizeof(const Schema*)));
+                memset(out.schemas, 0, sizeof(Schema*)* out.count);
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < out.count; i++)
+                    schemaDocument.CreateSchema(&out.schemas[i], q.Append(i, allocator_), (*v)[i], document);
+                out.begin = validatorCount_;
+                validatorCount_ += out.count;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_INTERNALREGEX
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value) {
+        if (value.IsString()) {
+            RegexType* r = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType))) RegexType(value.GetString());
+            if (!r->IsValid()) {
+                r->~RegexType();
+                AllocatorType::Free(r);
+                r = 0;
+            }
+            return r;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType) {
+        return pattern->Search(str);
+    }
+#elif RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType& value) {
+        if (value.IsString())
+            try {
+                return new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(RegexType))) RegexType(value.GetString(), std::size_t(value.GetStringLength()), std::regex_constants::ECMAScript);
+            }
+            catch (const std::regex_error&) {
+            }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType* pattern, const Ch *str, SizeType length) {
+        std::match_results<const Ch*> r;
+        return std::regex_search(str, str + length, r, *pattern);
+    }
+#else
+    template <typename ValueType>
+    RegexType* CreatePattern(const ValueType&) { return 0; }
+
+    static bool IsPatternMatch(const RegexType*, const Ch *, SizeType) { return true; }
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_USE_STDREGEX
+
+    void AddType(const ValueType& type) {
+        if      (type == GetNullString()   ) type_ |= 1 << kNullSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetBooleanString()) type_ |= 1 << kBooleanSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetObjectString() ) type_ |= 1 << kObjectSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetArrayString()  ) type_ |= 1 << kArraySchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetStringString() ) type_ |= 1 << kStringSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetIntegerString()) type_ |= 1 << kIntegerSchemaType;
+        else if (type == GetNumberString() ) type_ |= (1 << kNumberSchemaType) | (1 << kIntegerSchemaType);
+    }
+
+    bool CreateParallelValidator(Context& context) const {
+        if (enum_ || context.arrayUniqueness)
+            context.hasher = context.factory.CreateHasher();
+
+        if (validatorCount_) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(context.validators == 0);
+            context.validators = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(context.factory.MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * validatorCount_));
+            context.validatorCount = validatorCount_;
+
+            if (allOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, allOf_);
+
+            if (anyOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, anyOf_);
+            
+            if (oneOf_.schemas)
+                CreateSchemaValidators(context, oneOf_);
+            
+            if (not_)
+                context.validators[notValidatorIndex_] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*not_);
+            
+            if (hasSchemaDependencies_) {
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < propertyCount_; i++)
+                    if (properties_[i].dependenciesSchema)
+                        context.validators[properties_[i].dependenciesValidatorIndex] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*properties_[i].dependenciesSchema);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void CreateSchemaValidators(Context& context, const SchemaArray& schemas) const {
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < schemas.count; i++)
+            context.validators[schemas.begin + i] = context.factory.CreateSchemaValidator(*schemas.schemas[i]);
+    }
+
+    // O(n)
+    bool FindPropertyIndex(const ValueType& name, SizeType* outIndex) const {
+        SizeType len = name.GetStringLength();
+        const Ch* str = name.GetString();
+        for (SizeType index = 0; index < propertyCount_; index++)
+            if (properties_[index].name.GetStringLength() == len && 
+                (std::memcmp(properties_[index].name.GetString(), str, sizeof(Ch) * len) == 0))
+            {
+                *outIndex = index;
+                return true;
+            }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckInt(Context& context, int64_t i) const {
+        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType))))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (minimum_.IsInt64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetInt64() : i < minimum_.GetInt64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
+            }
+            else if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString()); // i <= max(int64_t) < minimum.GetUint64()
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (maximum_.IsInt64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetInt64() : i > maximum_.GetInt64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
+            }
+            else if (maximum_.IsUint64())
+                /* do nothing */; // i <= max(int64_t) < maximum_.GetUint64()
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
+            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (static_cast<uint64_t>(i >= 0 ? i : -i) % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckUint(Context& context, uint64_t i) const {
+        if (!(type_ & ((1 << kIntegerSchemaType) | (1 << kNumberSchemaType))))
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetTypeString());
+
+        if (!minimum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (minimum_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? i <= minimum_.GetUint64() : i < minimum_.GetUint64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
+            }
+            else if (minimum_.IsInt64())
+                /* do nothing */; // i >= 0 > minimum.Getint64()
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMinimum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!maximum_.IsNull()) {
+            if (maximum_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? i >= maximum_.GetUint64() : i > maximum_.GetUint64())
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
+            }
+            else if (maximum_.IsInt64())
+                RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString()); // i >= 0 > maximum_
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMaximum(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!multipleOf_.IsNull()) {
+            if (multipleOf_.IsUint64()) {
+                if (i % multipleOf_.GetUint64() != 0)
+                    RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
+            }
+            else if (!CheckDoubleMultipleOf(context, static_cast<double>(i)))
+                return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMinimum(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (exclusiveMinimum_ ? d <= minimum_.GetDouble() : d < minimum_.GetDouble())
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMinimumString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMaximum(Context& context, double d) const {
+        if (exclusiveMaximum_ ? d >= maximum_.GetDouble() : d > maximum_.GetDouble())
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMaximumString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool CheckDoubleMultipleOf(Context& context, double d) const {
+        double a = std::abs(d), b = std::abs(multipleOf_.GetDouble());
+        double q = std::floor(a / b);
+        double r = a - q * b;
+        if (r > 0.0)
+            RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(GetMultipleOfString());
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    struct Property {
+        Property() : schema(), dependenciesSchema(), dependenciesValidatorIndex(), dependencies(), required(false) {}
+        ~Property() { AllocatorType::Free(dependencies); }
+        SValue name;
+        const SchemaType* schema;
+        const SchemaType* dependenciesSchema;
+        SizeType dependenciesValidatorIndex;
+        bool* dependencies;
+        bool required;
+    };
+
+    struct PatternProperty {
+        PatternProperty() : schema(), pattern() {}
+        ~PatternProperty() { 
+            if (pattern) {
+                pattern->~RegexType();
+                AllocatorType::Free(pattern);
+            }
+        }
+        const SchemaType* schema;
+        RegexType* pattern;
+    };
+
+    AllocatorType* allocator_;
+    uint64_t* enum_;
+    SizeType enumCount_;
+    SchemaArray allOf_;
+    SchemaArray anyOf_;
+    SchemaArray oneOf_;
+    const SchemaType* not_;
+    unsigned type_; // bitmask of kSchemaType
+    SizeType validatorCount_;
+    SizeType notValidatorIndex_;
+
+    Property* properties_;
+    const SchemaType* additionalPropertiesSchema_;
+    PatternProperty* patternProperties_;
+    SizeType patternPropertyCount_;
+    SizeType propertyCount_;
+    SizeType minProperties_;
+    SizeType maxProperties_;
+    bool additionalProperties_;
+    bool hasDependencies_;
+    bool hasRequired_;
+    bool hasSchemaDependencies_;
+
+    const SchemaType* additionalItemsSchema_;
+    const SchemaType* itemsList_;
+    const SchemaType** itemsTuple_;
+    SizeType itemsTupleCount_;
+    SizeType minItems_;
+    SizeType maxItems_;
+    bool additionalItems_;
+    bool uniqueItems_;
+
+    RegexType* pattern_;
+    SizeType minLength_;
+    SizeType maxLength_;
+
+    SValue minimum_;
+    SValue maximum_;
+    SValue multipleOf_;
+    bool exclusiveMinimum_;
+    bool exclusiveMaximum_;
+};
+
+template<typename Stack, typename Ch>
+struct TokenHelper {
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
+        *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = '/';
+        char buffer[21];
+        size_t length = static_cast<size_t>((sizeof(SizeType) == 4 ? u32toa(index, buffer) : u64toa(index, buffer)) - buffer);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++)
+            *documentStack.template Push<Ch>() = buffer[i];
+    }
+};
+
+// Partial specialized version for char to prevent buffer copying.
+template <typename Stack>
+struct TokenHelper<Stack, char> {
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE static void AppendIndexToken(Stack& documentStack, SizeType index) {
+        if (sizeof(SizeType) == 4) {
+            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 10); // '/' + uint
+            *buffer++ = '/';
+            const char* end = internal::u32toa(index, buffer);
+             documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(10 - (end - buffer)));
+        }
+        else {
+            char *buffer = documentStack.template Push<char>(1 + 20); // '/' + uint64
+            *buffer++ = '/';
+            const char* end = internal::u64toa(index, buffer);
+            documentStack.template Pop<char>(static_cast<size_t>(20 - (end - buffer)));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+} // namespace internal
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider
+
+template <typename SchemaDocumentType>
+class IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::Ch Ch;
+
+    virtual ~IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider() {}
+    virtual const SchemaDocumentType* GetRemoteDocument(const Ch* uri, SizeType length) = 0;
+};
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericSchemaDocument
+
+//! JSON schema document.
+/*!
+    A JSON schema document is a compiled version of a JSON schema.
+    It is basically a tree of internal::Schema.
+
+    \note This is an immutable class (i.e. its instance cannot be modified after construction).
+    \tparam ValueT Type of JSON value (e.g. \c Value ), which also determine the encoding.
+    \tparam Allocator Allocator type for allocating memory of this document.
+*/
+template <typename ValueT, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaDocument {
+public:
+    typedef ValueT ValueType;
+    typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<GenericSchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType;
+    typedef Allocator AllocatorType;
+    typedef typename ValueType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+    typedef internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument> SchemaType;
+    typedef GenericPointer<ValueType, Allocator> PointerType;
+    friend class internal::Schema<GenericSchemaDocument>;
+    template <typename, typename, typename>
+    friend class GenericSchemaValidator;
+
+    //! Constructor.
+    /*!
+        Compile a JSON document into schema document.
+
+        \param document A JSON document as source.
+        \param remoteProvider An optional remote schema document provider for resolving remote reference. Can be null.
+        \param allocator An optional allocator instance for allocating memory. Can be null.
+    */
+    explicit GenericSchemaDocument(const ValueType& document, IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider = 0, Allocator* allocator = 0) :
+        remoteProvider_(remoteProvider),
+        allocator_(allocator),
+        ownAllocator_(),
+        root_(),
+        schemaMap_(allocator, kInitialSchemaMapSize),
+        schemaRef_(allocator, kInitialSchemaRefSize)
+    {
+        if (!allocator_)
+            ownAllocator_ = allocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(Allocator());
+
+        // Generate root schema, it will call CreateSchema() to create sub-schemas,
+        // And call AddRefSchema() if there are $ref.
+        CreateSchemaRecursive(&root_, PointerType(), document, document);
+
+        // Resolve $ref
+        while (!schemaRef_.Empty()) {
+            SchemaRefEntry* refEntry = schemaRef_.template Pop<SchemaRefEntry>(1);
+            if (const SchemaType* s = GetSchema(refEntry->target)) {
+                if (refEntry->schema)
+                    *refEntry->schema = s;
+
+                // Create entry in map if not exist
+                if (!GetSchema(refEntry->source)) {
+                    new (schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>()) SchemaEntry(refEntry->source, const_cast<SchemaType*>(s), false, allocator_);
+                }
+            }
+            refEntry->~SchemaRefEntry();
+        }
+
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(root_ != 0);
+
+        schemaRef_.ShrinkToFit(); // Deallocate all memory for ref
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    //! Move constructor in C++11
+    GenericSchemaDocument(GenericSchemaDocument&& rhs) RAPIDJSON_NOEXCEPT :
+        remoteProvider_(rhs.remoteProvider_),
+        allocator_(rhs.allocator_),
+        ownAllocator_(rhs.ownAllocator_),
+        root_(rhs.root_),
+        schemaMap_(std::move(rhs.schemaMap_)),
+        schemaRef_(std::move(rhs.schemaRef_))
+    {
+        rhs.remoteProvider_ = 0;
+        rhs.allocator_ = 0;
+        rhs.ownAllocator_ = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    //! Destructor
+    ~GenericSchemaDocument() {
+        while (!schemaMap_.Empty())
+            schemaMap_.template Pop<SchemaEntry>(1)->~SchemaEntry();
+
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Get the root schema.
+    const SchemaType& GetRoot() const { return *root_; }
+
+private:
+    //! Prohibit copying
+    GenericSchemaDocument(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
+    //! Prohibit assignment
+    GenericSchemaDocument& operator=(const GenericSchemaDocument&);
+
+    struct SchemaRefEntry {
+        SchemaRefEntry(const PointerType& s, const PointerType& t, const SchemaType** outSchema, Allocator *allocator) : source(s, allocator), target(t, allocator), schema(outSchema) {}
+        PointerType source;
+        PointerType target;
+        const SchemaType** schema;
+    };
+
+    struct SchemaEntry {
+        SchemaEntry(const PointerType& p, SchemaType* s, bool o, Allocator* allocator) : pointer(p, allocator), schema(s), owned(o) {}
+        ~SchemaEntry() {
+            if (owned) {
+                schema->~SchemaType();
+                Allocator::Free(schema);
+            }
+        }
+        PointerType pointer;
+        SchemaType* schema;
+        bool owned;
+    };
+
+    void CreateSchemaRecursive(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
+        if (schema)
+            *schema = SchemaType::GetTypeless();
+
+        if (v.GetType() == kObjectType) {
+            const SchemaType* s = GetSchema(pointer);
+            if (!s)
+                CreateSchema(schema, pointer, v, document);
+
+            for (typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.MemberBegin(); itr != v.MemberEnd(); ++itr)
+                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(itr->name, allocator_), itr->value, document);
+        }
+        else if (v.GetType() == kArrayType)
+            for (SizeType i = 0; i < v.Size(); i++)
+                CreateSchemaRecursive(0, pointer.Append(i, allocator_), v[i], document);
+    }
+
+    void CreateSchema(const SchemaType** schema, const PointerType& pointer, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(pointer.IsValid());
+        if (v.IsObject()) {
+            if (!HandleRefSchema(pointer, schema, v, document)) {
+                SchemaType* s = new (allocator_->Malloc(sizeof(SchemaType))) SchemaType(this, pointer, v, document, allocator_);
+                new (schemaMap_.template Push<SchemaEntry>()) SchemaEntry(pointer, s, true, allocator_);
+                if (schema)
+                    *schema = s;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool HandleRefSchema(const PointerType& source, const SchemaType** schema, const ValueType& v, const ValueType& document) {
+        static const Ch kRefString[] = { '$', 'r', 'e', 'f', '\0' };
+        static const ValueType kRefValue(kRefString, 4);
+
+        typename ValueType::ConstMemberIterator itr = v.FindMember(kRefValue);
+        if (itr == v.MemberEnd())
+            return false;
+
+        if (itr->value.IsString()) {
+            SizeType len = itr->value.GetStringLength();
+            if (len > 0) {
+                const Ch* s = itr->value.GetString();
+                SizeType i = 0;
+                while (i < len && s[i] != '#') // Find the first #
+                    i++;
+
+                if (i > 0) { // Remote reference, resolve immediately
+                    if (remoteProvider_) {
+                        if (const GenericSchemaDocument* remoteDocument = remoteProvider_->GetRemoteDocument(s, i - 1)) {
+                            PointerType pointer(&s[i], len - i, allocator_);
+                            if (pointer.IsValid()) {
+                                if (const SchemaType* sc = remoteDocument->GetSchema(pointer)) {
+                                    if (schema)
+                                        *schema = sc;
+                                    return true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if (s[i] == '#') { // Local reference, defer resolution
+                    PointerType pointer(&s[i], len - i, allocator_);
+                    if (pointer.IsValid()) {
+                        if (const ValueType* nv = pointer.Get(document))
+                            if (HandleRefSchema(source, schema, *nv, document))
+                                return true;
+
+                        new (schemaRef_.template Push<SchemaRefEntry>()) SchemaRefEntry(source, pointer, schema, allocator_);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const SchemaType* GetSchema(const PointerType& pointer) const {
+        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
+            if (pointer == target->pointer)
+                return target->schema;
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    PointerType GetPointer(const SchemaType* schema) const {
+        for (const SchemaEntry* target = schemaMap_.template Bottom<SchemaEntry>(); target != schemaMap_.template End<SchemaEntry>(); ++target)
+            if (schema == target->schema)
+                return target->pointer;
+        return PointerType();
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kInitialSchemaMapSize = 64;
+    static const size_t kInitialSchemaRefSize = 64;
+
+    IRemoteSchemaDocumentProviderType* remoteProvider_;
+    Allocator *allocator_;
+    Allocator *ownAllocator_;
+    const SchemaType* root_;                //!< Root schema.
+    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaMap_;  // Stores created Pointer -> Schemas
+    internal::Stack<Allocator> schemaRef_;  // Stores Pointer from $ref and schema which holds the $ref
+};
+
+//! GenericSchemaDocument using Value type.
+typedef GenericSchemaDocument<Value> SchemaDocument;
+//! IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider using SchemaDocument.
+typedef IGenericRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider<SchemaDocument> IRemoteSchemaDocumentProvider;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// GenericSchemaValidator
+
+//! JSON Schema Validator.
+/*!
+    A SAX style JSON schema validator.
+    It uses a \c GenericSchemaDocument to validate SAX events.
+    It delegates the incoming SAX events to an output handler.
+    The default output handler does nothing.
+    It can be reused multiple times by calling \c Reset().
+
+    \tparam SchemaDocumentType Type of schema document.
+    \tparam OutputHandler Type of output handler. Default handler does nothing.
+    \tparam StateAllocator Allocator for storing the internal validation states.
+*/
+template <
+    typename SchemaDocumentType,
+    typename OutputHandler = BaseReaderHandler<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType::EncodingType>,
+    typename StateAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericSchemaValidator :
+    public internal::ISchemaStateFactory<typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType>, 
+    public internal::ISchemaValidator
+{
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::SchemaType SchemaType;
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename SchemaType::EncodingType EncodingType;
+    typedef typename EncodingType::Ch Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor without output handler.
+    /*!
+        \param schemaDocument The schema document to conform to.
+        \param allocator Optional allocator for storing internal validation states.
+        \param schemaStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of schema path stack.
+        \param documentStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of document path stack.
+    */
+    GenericSchemaValidator(
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
+        outputHandler_(GetNullHandler()),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        valid_(true)
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        , depth_(0)
+#endif
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Constructor with output handler.
+    /*!
+        \param schemaDocument The schema document to conform to.
+        \param allocator Optional allocator for storing internal validation states.
+        \param schemaStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of schema path stack.
+        \param documentStackCapacity Optional initial capacity of document path stack.
+    */
+    GenericSchemaValidator(
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        OutputHandler& outputHandler,
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0, 
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(schemaDocument.GetRoot()),
+        outputHandler_(outputHandler),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        valid_(true)
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        , depth_(0)
+#endif
+    {
+    }
+
+    //! Destructor.
+    ~GenericSchemaValidator() {
+        Reset();
+        RAPIDJSON_DELETE(ownStateAllocator_);
+    }
+
+    //! Reset the internal states.
+    void Reset() {
+        while (!schemaStack_.Empty())
+            PopSchema();
+        documentStack_.Clear();
+        valid_ = true;
+    }
+
+    //! Checks whether the current state is valid.
+    // Implementation of ISchemaValidator
+    virtual bool IsValid() const { return valid_; }
+
+    //! Gets the JSON pointer pointed to the invalid schema.
+    PointerType GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const {
+        return schemaStack_.Empty() ? PointerType() : schemaDocument_->GetPointer(&CurrentSchema());
+    }
+
+    //! Gets the keyword of invalid schema.
+    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const {
+        return schemaStack_.Empty() ? 0 : CurrentContext().invalidKeyword;
+    }
+
+    //! Gets the JSON pointer pointed to the invalid value.
+    PointerType GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const {
+        return documentStack_.Empty() ? PointerType() : PointerType(documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>(), documentStack_.GetSize() / sizeof(Ch));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_() \
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_BEGIN\
+    *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';\
+    documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);\
+    internal::PrintInvalidDocument(documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>());\
+RAPIDJSON_MULTILINEMACRO_END
+#else
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_()
+#endif
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(method, arg1)\
+    if (!valid_) return false; \
+    if (!BeginValue() || !CurrentSchema().method arg1) {\
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_();\
+        return valid_ = false;\
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2)\
+    for (Context* context = schemaStack_.template Bottom<Context>(); context != schemaStack_.template End<Context>(); context++) {\
+        if (context->hasher)\
+            static_cast<HasherType*>(context->hasher)->method arg2;\
+        if (context->validators)\
+            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->validatorCount; i_++)\
+                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->validators[i_])->method arg2;\
+        if (context->patternPropertiesValidators)\
+            for (SizeType i_ = 0; i_ < context->patternPropertiesValidatorCount; i_++)\
+                static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(context->patternPropertiesValidators[i_])->method arg2;\
+    }
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(method, arg2)\
+    return valid_ = EndValue() && outputHandler_.method arg2
+
+#define RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(method, arg1, arg2) \
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_   (method, arg1);\
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(method, arg2);\
+    RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_     (method, arg2)
+
+    bool Null()             { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Null,   (CurrentContext()   ), ( )); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)       { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Bool,   (CurrentContext(), b), (b)); }
+    bool Int(int i)         { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int,    (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint,   (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Int64,  (CurrentContext(), i), (i)); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u) { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Uint64, (CurrentContext(), u), (u)); }
+    bool Double(double d)   { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(Double, (CurrentContext(), d), (d)); }
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
+                                    { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy)
+                                    { RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_(String, (CurrentContext(), str, length, copy), (str, length, copy)); }
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartObject, (CurrentContext()));
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartObject, ());
+        return valid_ = outputHandler_.StartObject();
+    }
+    
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType len, bool copy) {
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        AppendToken(str, len);
+        if (!CurrentSchema().Key(CurrentContext(), str, len, copy)) return valid_ = false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(Key, (str, len, copy));
+        return valid_ = outputHandler_.Key(str, len, copy);
+    }
+    
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount) { 
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndObject, (memberCount));
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndObject(CurrentContext(), memberCount)) return valid_ = false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndObject, (memberCount));
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_(StartArray, (CurrentContext()));
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(StartArray, ());
+        return valid_ = outputHandler_.StartArray();
+    }
+    
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount) {
+        if (!valid_) return false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_(EndArray, (elementCount));
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndArray(CurrentContext(), elementCount)) return valid_ = false;
+        RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_END_(EndArray, (elementCount));
+    }
+
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_VERBOSE_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_BEGIN_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_PARALLEL_
+#undef RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_HANDLE_VALUE_
+
+    // Implementation of ISchemaStateFactory<SchemaType>
+    virtual ISchemaValidator* CreateSchemaValidator(const SchemaType& root) {
+        return new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(GenericSchemaValidator))) GenericSchemaValidator(*schemaDocument_, root,
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        depth_ + 1,
+#endif
+        &GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    virtual void DestroySchemaValidator(ISchemaValidator* validator) {
+        GenericSchemaValidator* v = static_cast<GenericSchemaValidator*>(validator);
+        v->~GenericSchemaValidator();
+        StateAllocator::Free(v);
+    }
+
+    virtual void* CreateHasher() {
+        return new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HasherType))) HasherType(&GetStateAllocator());
+    }
+
+    virtual uint64_t GetHashCode(void* hasher) {
+        return static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher)->GetHashCode();
+    }
+
+    virtual void DestroryHasher(void* hasher) {
+        HasherType* h = static_cast<HasherType*>(hasher);
+        h->~HasherType();
+        StateAllocator::Free(h);
+    }
+
+    virtual void* MallocState(size_t size) {
+        return GetStateAllocator().Malloc(size);
+    }
+
+    virtual void FreeState(void* p) {
+        return StateAllocator::Free(p);
+    }
+
+private:
+    typedef typename SchemaType::Context Context;
+    typedef GenericValue<UTF8<>, StateAllocator> HashCodeArray;
+    typedef internal::Hasher<EncodingType, StateAllocator> HasherType;
+
+    GenericSchemaValidator( 
+        const SchemaDocumentType& schemaDocument,
+        const SchemaType& root,
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        unsigned depth,
+#endif
+        StateAllocator* allocator = 0,
+        size_t schemaStackCapacity = kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity,
+        size_t documentStackCapacity = kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity)
+        :
+        schemaDocument_(&schemaDocument),
+        root_(root),
+        outputHandler_(GetNullHandler()),
+        stateAllocator_(allocator),
+        ownStateAllocator_(0),
+        schemaStack_(allocator, schemaStackCapacity),
+        documentStack_(allocator, documentStackCapacity),
+        valid_(true)
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        , depth_(depth)
+#endif
+    {
+    }
+
+    StateAllocator& GetStateAllocator() {
+        if (!stateAllocator_)
+            stateAllocator_ = ownStateAllocator_ = RAPIDJSON_NEW(StateAllocator());
+        return *stateAllocator_;
+    }
+
+    bool BeginValue() {
+        if (schemaStack_.Empty())
+            PushSchema(root_);
+        else {
+            if (CurrentContext().inArray)
+                internal::TokenHelper<internal::Stack<StateAllocator>, Ch>::AppendIndexToken(documentStack_, CurrentContext().arrayElementIndex);
+
+            if (!CurrentSchema().BeginValue(CurrentContext()))
+                return false;
+
+            SizeType count = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemaCount;
+            const SchemaType** sa = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesSchemas;
+            typename Context::PatternValidatorType patternValidatorType = CurrentContext().valuePatternValidatorType;
+            bool valueUniqueness = CurrentContext().valueUniqueness;
+            if (CurrentContext().valueSchema)
+                PushSchema(*CurrentContext().valueSchema);
+
+            if (count > 0) {
+                CurrentContext().objectPatternValidatorType = patternValidatorType;
+                ISchemaValidator**& va = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidators;
+                SizeType& validatorCount = CurrentContext().patternPropertiesValidatorCount;
+                va = static_cast<ISchemaValidator**>(MallocState(sizeof(ISchemaValidator*) * count));
+                for (SizeType i = 0; i < count; i++)
+                    va[validatorCount++] = CreateSchemaValidator(*sa[i]);
+            }
+
+            CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness = valueUniqueness;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool EndValue() {
+        if (!CurrentSchema().EndValue(CurrentContext()))
+            return false;
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+        GenericStringBuffer<EncodingType> sb;
+        schemaDocument_->GetPointer(&CurrentSchema()).Stringify(sb);
+
+        *documentStack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+        internal::PrintValidatorPointers(depth_, sb.GetString(), documentStack_.template Bottom<Ch>());
+#endif
+
+        uint64_t h = CurrentContext().arrayUniqueness ? static_cast<HasherType*>(CurrentContext().hasher)->GetHashCode() : 0;
+        
+        PopSchema();
+
+        if (!schemaStack_.Empty()) {
+            Context& context = CurrentContext();
+            if (context.valueUniqueness) {
+                HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(context.arrayElementHashCodes);
+                if (!a)
+                    CurrentContext().arrayElementHashCodes = a = new (GetStateAllocator().Malloc(sizeof(HashCodeArray))) HashCodeArray(kArrayType);
+                for (typename HashCodeArray::ConstValueIterator itr = a->Begin(); itr != a->End(); ++itr)
+                    if (itr->GetUint64() == h)
+                        RAPIDJSON_INVALID_KEYWORD_RETURN(SchemaType::GetUniqueItemsString());
+                a->PushBack(h, GetStateAllocator());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Remove the last token of document pointer
+        while (!documentStack_.Empty() && *documentStack_.template Pop<Ch>(1) != '/')
+            ;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void AppendToken(const Ch* str, SizeType len) {
+        documentStack_.template Reserve<Ch>(1 + len * 2); // worst case all characters are escaped as two characters
+        *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '/';
+        for (SizeType i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+            if (str[i] == '~') {
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '0';
+            }
+            else if (str[i] == '/') {
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '~';
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = '1';
+            }
+            else
+                *documentStack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = str[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PushSchema(const SchemaType& schema) { new (schemaStack_.template Push<Context>()) Context(*this, &schema); }
+    
+    RAPIDJSON_FORCEINLINE void PopSchema() {
+        Context* c = schemaStack_.template Pop<Context>(1);
+        if (HashCodeArray* a = static_cast<HashCodeArray*>(c->arrayElementHashCodes)) {
+            a->~HashCodeArray();
+            StateAllocator::Free(a);
+        }
+        c->~Context();
+    }
+
+    const SchemaType& CurrentSchema() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>()->schema; }
+    Context& CurrentContext() { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
+    const Context& CurrentContext() const { return *schemaStack_.template Top<Context>(); }
+
+    static OutputHandler& GetNullHandler() {
+        static OutputHandler nullHandler;
+        return nullHandler;
+    }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultSchemaStackCapacity = 1024;
+    static const size_t kDefaultDocumentStackCapacity = 256;
+    const SchemaDocumentType* schemaDocument_;
+    const SchemaType& root_;
+    OutputHandler& outputHandler_;
+    StateAllocator* stateAllocator_;
+    StateAllocator* ownStateAllocator_;
+    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> schemaStack_;    //!< stack to store the current path of schema (BaseSchemaType *)
+    internal::Stack<StateAllocator> documentStack_;  //!< stack to store the current path of validating document (Ch)
+    bool valid_;
+#if RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_VERBOSE
+    unsigned depth_;
+#endif
+};
+
+typedef GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocument> SchemaValidator;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// SchemaValidatingReader
+
+//! A helper class for parsing with validation.
+/*!
+    This helper class is a functor, designed as a parameter of \ref GenericDocument::Populate().
+
+    \tparam parseFlags Combination of \ref ParseFlag.
+    \tparam InputStream Type of input stream, implementing Stream concept.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of the input stream.
+    \tparam SchemaDocumentType Type of schema document.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Allocator type for stack.
+*/
+template <
+    unsigned parseFlags,
+    typename InputStream,
+    typename SourceEncoding,
+    typename SchemaDocumentType = SchemaDocument,
+    typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator>
+class SchemaValidatingReader {
+public:
+    typedef typename SchemaDocumentType::PointerType PointerType;
+    typedef typename InputStream::Ch Ch;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*!
+        \param is Input stream.
+        \param sd Schema document.
+    */
+    SchemaValidatingReader(InputStream& is, const SchemaDocumentType& sd) : is_(is), sd_(sd), invalidSchemaKeyword_(), isValid_(true) {}
+
+    template <typename Handler>
+    bool operator()(Handler& handler) {
+        GenericReader<SourceEncoding, typename SchemaDocumentType::EncodingType, StackAllocator> reader;
+        GenericSchemaValidator<SchemaDocumentType, Handler> validator(sd_, handler);
+        parseResult_ = reader.template Parse<parseFlags>(is_, validator);
+
+        isValid_ = validator.IsValid();
+        if (isValid_) {
+            invalidSchemaPointer_ = PointerType();
+            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = 0;
+            invalidDocumentPointer_ = PointerType();
+        }
+        else {
+            invalidSchemaPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaPointer();
+            invalidSchemaKeyword_ = validator.GetInvalidSchemaKeyword();
+            invalidDocumentPointer_ = validator.GetInvalidDocumentPointer();
+        }
+
+        return parseResult_;
+    }
+
+    const ParseResult& GetParseResult() const { return parseResult_; }
+    bool IsValid() const { return isValid_; }
+    const PointerType& GetInvalidSchemaPointer() const { return invalidSchemaPointer_; }
+    const Ch* GetInvalidSchemaKeyword() const { return invalidSchemaKeyword_; }
+    const PointerType& GetInvalidDocumentPointer() const { return invalidDocumentPointer_; }
+
+private:
+    InputStream& is_;
+    const SchemaDocumentType& sd_;
+
+    ParseResult parseResult_;
+    PointerType invalidSchemaPointer_;
+    const Ch* invalidSchemaKeyword_;
+    PointerType invalidDocumentPointer_;
+    bool isValid_;
+};
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_SCHEMA_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/stream.h b/external/rapidjson/stream.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fef82c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/stream.h
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#include "rapidjson.h"
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
+
+#include "encodings.h"
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//  Stream
+
+/*! \class rapidjson::Stream
+    \brief Concept for reading and writing characters.
+
+    For read-only stream, no need to implement PutBegin(), Put(), Flush() and PutEnd().
+
+    For write-only stream, only need to implement Put() and Flush().
+
+\code
+concept Stream {
+    typename Ch;    //!< Character type of the stream.
+
+    //! Read the current character from stream without moving the read cursor.
+    Ch Peek() const;
+
+    //! Read the current character from stream and moving the read cursor to next character.
+    Ch Take();
+
+    //! Get the current read cursor.
+    //! \return Number of characters read from start.
+    size_t Tell();
+
+    //! Begin writing operation at the current read pointer.
+    //! \return The begin writer pointer.
+    Ch* PutBegin();
+
+    //! Write a character.
+    void Put(Ch c);
+
+    //! Flush the buffer.
+    void Flush();
+
+    //! End the writing operation.
+    //! \param begin The begin write pointer returned by PutBegin().
+    //! \return Number of characters written.
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch* begin);
+}
+\endcode
+*/
+
+//! Provides additional information for stream.
+/*!
+    By using traits pattern, this type provides a default configuration for stream.
+    For custom stream, this type can be specialized for other configuration.
+    See TEST(Reader, CustomStringStream) in readertest.cpp for example.
+*/
+template<typename Stream>
+struct StreamTraits {
+    //! Whether to make local copy of stream for optimization during parsing.
+    /*!
+        By default, for safety, streams do not use local copy optimization.
+        Stream that can be copied fast should specialize this, like StreamTraits<StringStream>.
+    */
+    enum { copyOptimization = 0 };
+};
+
+//! Reserve n characters for writing to a stream.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutReserve(Stream& stream, size_t count) {
+    (void)stream;
+    (void)count;
+}
+
+//! Write character to a stream, presuming buffer is reserved.
+template<typename Stream>
+inline void PutUnsafe(Stream& stream, typename Stream::Ch c) {
+    stream.Put(c);
+}
+
+//! Put N copies of a character to a stream.
+template<typename Stream, typename Ch>
+inline void PutN(Stream& stream, Ch c, size_t n) {
+    PutReserve(stream, n);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
+        PutUnsafe(stream, c);
+}
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// StringStream
+
+//! Read-only string stream.
+/*! \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericStringStream {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericStringStream(const Ch *src) : src_(src), head_(src) {}
+
+    Ch Peek() const { return *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() const { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+    void Put(Ch) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    void Flush() { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch*) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(false); return 0; }
+
+    const Ch* src_;     //!< Current read position.
+    const Ch* head_;    //!< Original head of the string.
+};
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct StreamTraits<GenericStringStream<Encoding> > {
+    enum { copyOptimization = 1 };
+};
+
+//! String stream with UTF8 encoding.
+typedef GenericStringStream<UTF8<> > StringStream;
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// InsituStringStream
+
+//! A read-write string stream.
+/*! This string stream is particularly designed for in-situ parsing.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct GenericInsituStringStream {
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericInsituStringStream(Ch *src) : src_(src), dst_(0), head_(src) {}
+
+    // Read
+    Ch Peek() { return *src_; }
+    Ch Take() { return *src_++; }
+    size_t Tell() { return static_cast<size_t>(src_ - head_); }
+
+    // Write
+    void Put(Ch c) { RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(dst_ != 0); *dst_++ = c; }
+
+    Ch* PutBegin() { return dst_ = src_; }
+    size_t PutEnd(Ch* begin) { return static_cast<size_t>(dst_ - begin); }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { Ch* begin = dst_; dst_ += count; return begin; }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { dst_ -= count; }
+
+    Ch* src_;
+    Ch* dst_;
+    Ch* head_;
+};
+
+template <typename Encoding>
+struct StreamTraits<GenericInsituStringStream<Encoding> > {
+    enum { copyOptimization = 1 };
+};
+
+//! Insitu string stream with UTF8 encoding.
+typedef GenericInsituStringStream<UTF8<> > InsituStringStream;
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STREAM_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h b/external/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78f34d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+#include <utility> // std::move
+#endif
+
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(c++98-compat)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+//! Represents an in-memory output stream.
+/*!
+    \tparam Encoding Encoding of the stream.
+    \tparam Allocator type for allocating memory buffer.
+    \note implements Stream concept
+*/
+template <typename Encoding, typename Allocator = CrtAllocator>
+class GenericStringBuffer {
+public:
+    typedef typename Encoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    GenericStringBuffer(Allocator* allocator = 0, size_t capacity = kDefaultCapacity) : stack_(allocator, capacity) {}
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_CXX11_RVALUE_REFS
+    GenericStringBuffer(GenericStringBuffer&& rhs) : stack_(std::move(rhs.stack_)) {}
+    GenericStringBuffer& operator=(GenericStringBuffer&& rhs) {
+        if (&rhs != this)
+            stack_ = std::move(rhs.stack_);
+        return *this;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void Put(Ch c) { *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = c; }
+    void PutUnsafe(Ch c) { *stack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>() = c; }
+    void Flush() {}
+
+    void Clear() { stack_.Clear(); }
+    void ShrinkToFit() {
+        // Push and pop a null terminator. This is safe.
+        *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        stack_.ShrinkToFit();
+        stack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+    }
+
+    void Reserve(size_t count) { stack_.template Reserve<Ch>(count); }
+    Ch* Push(size_t count) { return stack_.template Push<Ch>(count); }
+    Ch* PushUnsafe(size_t count) { return stack_.template PushUnsafe<Ch>(count); }
+    void Pop(size_t count) { stack_.template Pop<Ch>(count); }
+
+    const Ch* GetString() const {
+        // Push and pop a null terminator. This is safe.
+        *stack_.template Push<Ch>() = '\0';
+        stack_.template Pop<Ch>(1);
+
+        return stack_.template Bottom<Ch>();
+    }
+
+    size_t GetSize() const { return stack_.GetSize(); }
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultCapacity = 256;
+    mutable internal::Stack<Allocator> stack_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    GenericStringBuffer(const GenericStringBuffer&);
+    GenericStringBuffer& operator=(const GenericStringBuffer&);
+};
+
+//! String buffer with UTF8 encoding
+typedef GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<> > StringBuffer;
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+inline void PutReserve(GenericStringBuffer<Encoding, Allocator>& stream, size_t count) {
+    stream.Reserve(count);
+}
+
+template<typename Encoding, typename Allocator>
+inline void PutUnsafe(GenericStringBuffer<Encoding, Allocator>& stream, typename Encoding::Ch c) {
+    stream.PutUnsafe(c);
+}
+
+//! Implement specialized version of PutN() with memset() for better performance.
+template<>
+inline void PutN(GenericStringBuffer<UTF8<> >& stream, char c, size_t n) {
+    std::memset(stream.stack_.Push<char>(n), c, n * sizeof(c));
+}
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#if defined(__clang__)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_STRINGBUFFER_H_
diff --git a/external/rapidjson/writer.h b/external/rapidjson/writer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94f22dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/rapidjson/writer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,610 @@
+// Tencent is pleased to support the open source community by making RapidJSON available.
+// 
+// Copyright (C) 2015 THL A29 Limited, a Tencent company, and Milo Yip. All rights reserved.
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License (the "License"); you may not use this file except
+// in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed 
+// under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR 
+// CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 
+// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.
+
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_WRITER_H_
+#define RAPIDJSON_WRITER_H_
+
+#include "stream.h"
+#include "internal/stack.h"
+#include "internal/strfunc.h"
+#include "internal/dtoa.h"
+#include "internal/itoa.h"
+#include "stringbuffer.h"
+#include <new>      // placement new
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SIMD) && defined(_MSC_VER)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#pragma intrinsic(_BitScanForward)
+#endif
+#ifdef RAPIDJSON_SSE42
+#include <nmmintrin.h>
+#elif defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2)
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(4127) // conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_PUSH
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(padded)
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_OFF(unreachable-code)
+#endif
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
+
+///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// WriteFlag
+
+/*! \def RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS 
+    \ingroup RAPIDJSON_CONFIG
+    \brief User-defined kWriteDefaultFlags definition.
+
+    User can define this as any \c WriteFlag combinations.
+*/
+#ifndef RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+#define RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS kWriteNoFlags
+#endif
+
+//! Combination of writeFlags
+enum WriteFlag {
+    kWriteNoFlags = 0,              //!< No flags are set.
+    kWriteValidateEncodingFlag = 1, //!< Validate encoding of JSON strings.
+    kWriteNanAndInfFlag = 2,        //!< Allow writing of Infinity, -Infinity and NaN.
+    kWriteDefaultFlags = RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS  //!< Default write flags. Can be customized by defining RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS
+};
+
+//! JSON writer
+/*! Writer implements the concept Handler.
+    It generates JSON text by events to an output os.
+
+    User may programmatically calls the functions of a writer to generate JSON text.
+
+    On the other side, a writer can also be passed to objects that generates events, 
+
+    for example Reader::Parse() and Document::Accept().
+
+    \tparam OutputStream Type of output stream.
+    \tparam SourceEncoding Encoding of source string.
+    \tparam TargetEncoding Encoding of output stream.
+    \tparam StackAllocator Type of allocator for allocating memory of stack.
+    \note implements Handler concept
+*/
+template<typename OutputStream, typename SourceEncoding = UTF8<>, typename TargetEncoding = UTF8<>, typename StackAllocator = CrtAllocator, unsigned writeFlags = kWriteDefaultFlags>
+class Writer {
+public:
+    typedef typename SourceEncoding::Ch Ch;
+
+    static const int kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces = 324;
+
+    //! Constructor
+    /*! \param os Output stream.
+        \param stackAllocator User supplied allocator. If it is null, it will create a private one.
+        \param levelDepth Initial capacity of stack.
+    */
+    explicit
+    Writer(OutputStream& os, StackAllocator* stackAllocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = kDefaultLevelDepth) : 
+        os_(&os), level_stack_(stackAllocator, levelDepth * sizeof(Level)), maxDecimalPlaces_(kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces), hasRoot_(false) {}
+
+    explicit
+    Writer(StackAllocator* allocator = 0, size_t levelDepth = kDefaultLevelDepth) :
+        os_(0), level_stack_(allocator, levelDepth * sizeof(Level)), maxDecimalPlaces_(kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces), hasRoot_(false) {}
+
+    //! Reset the writer with a new stream.
+    /*!
+        This function reset the writer with a new stream and default settings,
+        in order to make a Writer object reusable for output multiple JSONs.
+
+        \param os New output stream.
+        \code
+        Writer<OutputStream> writer(os1);
+        writer.StartObject();
+        // ...
+        writer.EndObject();
+
+        writer.Reset(os2);
+        writer.StartObject();
+        // ...
+        writer.EndObject();
+        \endcode
+    */
+    void Reset(OutputStream& os) {
+        os_ = &os;
+        hasRoot_ = false;
+        level_stack_.Clear();
+    }
+
+    //! Checks whether the output is a complete JSON.
+    /*!
+        A complete JSON has a complete root object or array.
+    */
+    bool IsComplete() const {
+        return hasRoot_ && level_stack_.Empty();
+    }
+
+    int GetMaxDecimalPlaces() const {
+        return maxDecimalPlaces_;
+    }
+
+    //! Sets the maximum number of decimal places for double output.
+    /*!
+        This setting truncates the output with specified number of decimal places.
+
+        For example, 
+
+        \code
+        writer.SetMaxDecimalPlaces(3);
+        writer.StartArray();
+        writer.Double(0.12345);                 // "0.123"
+        writer.Double(0.0001);                  // "0.0"
+        writer.Double(1.234567890123456e30);    // "1.234567890123456e30" (do not truncate significand for positive exponent)
+        writer.Double(1.23e-4);                 // "0.0"                  (do truncate significand for negative exponent)
+        writer.EndArray();
+        \endcode
+
+        The default setting does not truncate any decimal places. You can restore to this setting by calling
+        \code
+        writer.SetMaxDecimalPlaces(Writer::kDefaultMaxDecimalPlaces);
+        \endcode
+    */
+    void SetMaxDecimalPlaces(int maxDecimalPlaces) {
+        maxDecimalPlaces_ = maxDecimalPlaces;
+    }
+
+    /*!@name Implementation of Handler
+        \see Handler
+    */
+    //@{
+
+    bool Null()                 { Prefix(kNullType);   return EndValue(WriteNull()); }
+    bool Bool(bool b)           { Prefix(b ? kTrueType : kFalseType); return EndValue(WriteBool(b)); }
+    bool Int(int i)             { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteInt(i)); }
+    bool Uint(unsigned u)       { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteUint(u)); }
+    bool Int64(int64_t i64)     { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteInt64(i64)); }
+    bool Uint64(uint64_t u64)   { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteUint64(u64)); }
+
+    //! Writes the given \c double value to the stream
+    /*!
+        \param d The value to be written.
+        \return Whether it is succeed.
+    */
+    bool Double(double d)       { Prefix(kNumberType); return EndValue(WriteDouble(d)); }
+
+    bool RawNumber(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        Prefix(kNumberType);
+        return EndValue(WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+    bool String(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) {
+        (void)copy;
+        Prefix(kStringType);
+        return EndValue(WriteString(str, length));
+    }
+
+#if RAPIDJSON_HAS_STDSTRING
+    bool String(const std::basic_string<Ch>& str) {
+        return String(str.data(), SizeType(str.size()));
+    }
+#endif
+
+    bool StartObject() {
+        Prefix(kObjectType);
+        new (level_stack_.template Push<Level>()) Level(false);
+        return WriteStartObject();
+    }
+
+    bool Key(const Ch* str, SizeType length, bool copy = false) { return String(str, length, copy); }
+
+    bool EndObject(SizeType memberCount = 0) {
+        (void)memberCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!level_stack_.template Top<Level>()->inArray);
+        level_stack_.template Pop<Level>(1);
+        return EndValue(WriteEndObject());
+    }
+
+    bool StartArray() {
+        Prefix(kArrayType);
+        new (level_stack_.template Push<Level>()) Level(true);
+        return WriteStartArray();
+    }
+
+    bool EndArray(SizeType elementCount = 0) {
+        (void)elementCount;
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.GetSize() >= sizeof(Level));
+        RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(level_stack_.template Top<Level>()->inArray);
+        level_stack_.template Pop<Level>(1);
+        return EndValue(WriteEndArray());
+    }
+    //@}
+
+    /*! @name Convenience extensions */
+    //@{
+
+    //! Simpler but slower overload.
+    bool String(const Ch* str) { return String(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+    bool Key(const Ch* str) { return Key(str, internal::StrLen(str)); }
+
+    //@}
+
+    //! Write a raw JSON value.
+    /*!
+        For user to write a stringified JSON as a value.
+
+        \param json A well-formed JSON value. It should not contain null character within [0, length - 1] range.
+        \param length Length of the json.
+        \param type Type of the root of json.
+    */
+    bool RawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length, Type type) { Prefix(type); return EndValue(WriteRawValue(json, length)); }
+
+protected:
+    //! Information for each nested level
+    struct Level {
+        Level(bool inArray_) : valueCount(0), inArray(inArray_) {}
+        size_t valueCount;  //!< number of values in this level
+        bool inArray;       //!< true if in array, otherwise in object
+    };
+
+    static const size_t kDefaultLevelDepth = 32;
+
+    bool WriteNull()  {
+        PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteBool(bool b)  {
+        if (b) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 4);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'r'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'e');
+        }
+        else {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 5);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'l'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 's'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'e');
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteInt(int i) {
+        char buffer[11];
+        const char* end = internal::i32toa(i, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteUint(unsigned u) {
+        char buffer[10];
+        const char* end = internal::u32toa(u, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteInt64(int64_t i64) {
+        char buffer[21];
+        const char* end = internal::i64toa(i64, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (const char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteUint64(uint64_t u64) {
+        char buffer[20];
+        char* end = internal::u64toa(u64, buffer);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteDouble(double d) {
+        if (internal::Double(d).IsNanOrInf()) {
+            if (!(writeFlags & kWriteNanAndInfFlag))
+                return false;
+            if (internal::Double(d).IsNan()) {
+                PutReserve(*os_, 3);
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N');
+                return true;
+            }
+            if (internal::Double(d).Sign()) {
+                PutReserve(*os_, 9);
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '-');
+            }
+            else
+                PutReserve(*os_, 8);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'I'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f');
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'y');
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        char buffer[25];
+        char* end = internal::dtoa(d, buffer, maxDecimalPlaces_);
+        PutReserve(*os_, static_cast<size_t>(end - buffer));
+        for (char* p = buffer; p != end; ++p)
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(*p));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool WriteString(const Ch* str, SizeType length)  {
+        static const typename TargetEncoding::Ch hexDigits[16] = { '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F' };
+        static const char escape[256] = {
+#define Z16 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0
+            //0    1    2    3    4    5    6    7    8    9    A    B    C    D    E    F
+            'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'b', 't', 'n', 'u', 'f', 'r', 'u', 'u', // 00
+            'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', 'u', // 10
+              0,   0, '"',   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, // 20
+            Z16, Z16,                                                                       // 30~4F
+              0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,'\\',   0,   0,   0, // 50
+            Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16, Z16                                // 60~FF
+#undef Z16
+        };
+
+        if (TargetEncoding::supportUnicode)
+            PutReserve(*os_, 2 + length * 6); // "\uxxxx..."
+        else
+            PutReserve(*os_, 2 + length * 12);  // "\uxxxx\uyyyy..."
+
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, '\"');
+        GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding> is(str);
+        while (ScanWriteUnescapedString(is, length)) {
+            const Ch c = is.Peek();
+            if (!TargetEncoding::supportUnicode && static_cast<unsigned>(c) >= 0x80) {
+                // Unicode escaping
+                unsigned codepoint;
+                if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!SourceEncoding::Decode(is, &codepoint)))
+                    return false;
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u');
+                if (codepoint <= 0xD7FF || (codepoint >= 0xE000 && codepoint <= 0xFFFF)) {
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(codepoint      ) & 15]);
+                }
+                else {
+                    RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(codepoint >= 0x010000 && codepoint <= 0x10FFFF);
+                    // Surrogate pair
+                    unsigned s = codepoint - 0x010000;
+                    unsigned lead = (s >> 10) + 0xD800;
+                    unsigned trail = (s & 0x3FF) + 0xDC00;
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(lead      ) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, 'u');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >> 12) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >>  8) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail >>  4) & 15]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[(trail      ) & 15]);                    
+                }
+            }
+            else if ((sizeof(Ch) == 1 || static_cast<unsigned>(c) < 256) && RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]))  {
+                is.Take();
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, '\\');
+                PutUnsafe(*os_, static_cast<typename TargetEncoding::Ch>(escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)]));
+                if (escape[static_cast<unsigned char>(c)] == 'u') {
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '0');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, '0');
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[static_cast<unsigned char>(c) >> 4]);
+                    PutUnsafe(*os_, hexDigits[static_cast<unsigned char>(c) & 0xF]);
+                }
+            }
+            else if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(!(writeFlags & kWriteValidateEncodingFlag ? 
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::Validate(is, *os_) :
+                Transcoder<SourceEncoding, TargetEncoding>::TranscodeUnsafe(is, *os_))))
+                return false;
+        }
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, '\"');
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool ScanWriteUnescapedString(GenericStringStream<SourceEncoding>& is, size_t length) {
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+    }
+
+    bool WriteStartObject() { os_->Put('{'); return true; }
+    bool WriteEndObject()   { os_->Put('}'); return true; }
+    bool WriteStartArray()  { os_->Put('['); return true; }
+    bool WriteEndArray()    { os_->Put(']'); return true; }
+
+    bool WriteRawValue(const Ch* json, size_t length) {
+        PutReserve(*os_, length);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(json[i] != '\0');
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, json[i]);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void Prefix(Type type) {
+        (void)type;
+        if (RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(level_stack_.GetSize() != 0)) { // this value is not at root
+            Level* level = level_stack_.template Top<Level>();
+            if (level->valueCount > 0) {
+                if (level->inArray) 
+                    os_->Put(','); // add comma if it is not the first element in array
+                else  // in object
+                    os_->Put((level->valueCount % 2 == 0) ? ',' : ':');
+            }
+            if (!level->inArray && level->valueCount % 2 == 0)
+                RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(type == kStringType);  // if it's in object, then even number should be a name
+            level->valueCount++;
+        }
+        else {
+            RAPIDJSON_ASSERT(!hasRoot_);    // Should only has one and only one root.
+            hasRoot_ = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Flush the value if it is the top level one.
+    bool EndValue(bool ret) {
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(level_stack_.Empty()))   // end of json text
+            os_->Flush();
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    OutputStream* os_;
+    internal::Stack<StackAllocator> level_stack_;
+    int maxDecimalPlaces_;
+    bool hasRoot_;
+
+private:
+    // Prohibit copy constructor & assignment operator.
+    Writer(const Writer&);
+    Writer& operator=(const Writer&);
+};
+
+// Full specialization for StringStream to prevent memory copying
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteInt(int i) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(11);
+    const char* end = internal::i32toa(i, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(11 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteUint(unsigned u) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(10);
+    const char* end = internal::u32toa(u, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(10 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteInt64(int64_t i64) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(21);
+    const char* end = internal::i64toa(i64, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(21 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteUint64(uint64_t u) {
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(20);
+    const char* end = internal::u64toa(u, buffer);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(20 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::WriteDouble(double d) {
+    if (internal::Double(d).IsNanOrInf()) {
+        // Note: This code path can only be reached if (RAPIDJSON_WRITE_DEFAULT_FLAGS & kWriteNanAndInfFlag).
+        if (!(kWriteDefaultFlags & kWriteNanAndInfFlag))
+            return false;
+        if (internal::Double(d).IsNan()) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 3);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'a'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'N');
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (internal::Double(d).Sign()) {
+            PutReserve(*os_, 9);
+            PutUnsafe(*os_, '-');
+        }
+        else
+            PutReserve(*os_, 8);
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'I'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'f');
+        PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'n'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'i'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 't'); PutUnsafe(*os_, 'y');
+        return true;
+    }
+    
+    char *buffer = os_->Push(25);
+    char* end = internal::dtoa(d, buffer, maxDecimalPlaces_);
+    os_->Pop(static_cast<size_t>(25 - (end - buffer)));
+    return true;
+}
+
+#if defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+template<>
+inline bool Writer<StringBuffer>::ScanWriteUnescapedString(StringStream& is, size_t length) {
+    if (length < 16)
+        return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+
+    if (!RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length))
+        return false;
+
+    const char* p = is.src_;
+    const char* end = is.head_ + length;
+    const char* nextAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>((reinterpret_cast<size_t>(p) + 15) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    const char* endAligned = reinterpret_cast<const char*>(reinterpret_cast<size_t>(end) & static_cast<size_t>(~15));
+    if (nextAligned > end)
+        return true;
+
+    while (p != nextAligned)
+        if (*p < 0x20 || *p == '\"' || *p == '\\') {
+            is.src_ = p;
+            return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+        }
+        else
+            os_->PutUnsafe(*p++);
+
+    // The rest of string using SIMD
+    static const char dquote[16] = { '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"', '\"' };
+    static const char bslash[16] = { '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\', '\\' };
+    static const char space[16]  = { 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19, 0x19 };
+    const __m128i dq = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&dquote[0]));
+    const __m128i bs = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&bslash[0]));
+    const __m128i sp = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(&space[0]));
+
+    for (; p != endAligned; p += 16) {
+        const __m128i s = _mm_load_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i *>(p));
+        const __m128i t1 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, dq);
+        const __m128i t2 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(s, bs);
+        const __m128i t3 = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(_mm_max_epu8(s, sp), sp); // s < 0x20 <=> max(s, 0x19) == 0x19
+        const __m128i x = _mm_or_si128(_mm_or_si128(t1, t2), t3);
+        unsigned short r = static_cast<unsigned short>(_mm_movemask_epi8(x));
+        if (RAPIDJSON_UNLIKELY(r != 0)) {   // some of characters is escaped
+            SizeType len;
+#ifdef _MSC_VER         // Find the index of first escaped
+            unsigned long offset;
+            _BitScanForward(&offset, r);
+            len = offset;
+#else
+            len = static_cast<SizeType>(__builtin_ffs(r) - 1);
+#endif
+            char* q = reinterpret_cast<char*>(os_->PushUnsafe(len));
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                q[i] = p[i];
+
+            p += len;
+            break;
+        }
+        _mm_storeu_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i *>(os_->PushUnsafe(16)), s);
+    }
+
+    is.src_ = p;
+    return RAPIDJSON_LIKELY(is.Tell() < length);
+}
+#endif // defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE2) || defined(RAPIDJSON_SSE42)
+
+RAPIDJSON_NAMESPACE_END
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __clang__
+RAPIDJSON_DIAG_POP
+#endif
+
+#endif // RAPIDJSON_RAPIDJSON_H_
diff --git a/external/readerwriterqueue/.gitignore b/external/readerwriterqueue/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..212468b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/readerwriterqueue/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+*.ipch
+*.suo
+*.user
+*.sdf
+*.opensdf
+*.exe
+*.VC.db
+.vs/
+tests/stabtest/msvc*/Debug/
+tests/stabtest/msvc*/Release/
+tests/stabtest/msvc*/obj/
+tests/stabtest/msvc*/log.txt
+tests/stabtest/log.txt
+tests/unittests/msvc*/Debug/
+tests/unittests/msvc*/Release/
+tests/unittests/msvc*/obj/
+tests/CDSChecker/model-checker/
+benchmarks/msvc*/Debug/
+benchmarks/msvc*/Release/
+benchmarks/msvc*/obj/
+test/
+# Linux binaries
+benchmarks/benchmarks
+tests/stabtest/stabtest
+tests/unittests/unittests
+
diff --git a/external/readerwriterqueue/LICENSE.md b/external/readerwriterqueue/LICENSE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76d802e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/readerwriterqueue/LICENSE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+This license applies to all the code in this repository except that written by third
+parties, namely the files in benchmarks/ext, which have their own licenses, and Jeff
+Preshing's semaphore implementation (used in the blocking queue) which has a zlib
+license (embedded in atomicops.h).
+
+Simplified BSD License:
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2015, Cameron Desrochers  
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+conditions and the following disclaimer.
+- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
+conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
+provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
+OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
+TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
+EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
diff --git a/external/readerwriterqueue/README.md b/external/readerwriterqueue/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2c10fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/readerwriterqueue/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+# A single-producer, single-consumer lock-free queue for C++
+
+This mini-repository has my very own implementation of a lock-free queue (that I designed from scratch) for C++.
+
+It only supports a two-thread use case (one consuming, and one producing). The threads can't switch roles, though
+you could use this queue completely from a single thread if you wish (but that would sort of defeat the purpose!).
+
+Note: If you need a general-purpose multi-producer, multi-consumer lock free queue, I have [one of those too][mpmc].
+
+
+## Features
+
+- [Blazing fast][benchmarks]
+- Compatible with C++11 (supports moving objects instead of making copies)
+- Fully generic (templated container of any type) -- just like `std::queue`, you never need to allocate memory for elements yourself
+  (which saves you the hassle of writing a lock-free memory manager to hold the elements you're queueing)
+- Allocates memory up front, in contiguous blocks
+- Provides a `try_enqueue` method which is guaranteed never to allocate memory (the queue starts with an initial capacity)
+- Also provides an `enqueue` method which can dynamically grow the size of the queue as needed
+- Also provides `try_emplace`/`emplace` convenience methods
+- Has a blocking version with `wait_dequeue`
+- Completely "wait-free" (no compare-and-swap loop). Enqueue and dequeue are always O(1) (not counting memory allocation)
+- On x86, the memory barriers compile down to no-ops, meaning enqueue and dequeue are just a simple series of loads and stores (and branches)
+
+
+## Use
+
+Simply drop the readerwriterqueue.h and atomicops.h files into your source code and include them :-)
+A modern compiler is required (MSVC2010+, GCC 4.7+, ICC 13+, or any C++11 compliant compiler should work).
+
+Note: If you're using GCC, you really do need GCC 4.7 or above -- [4.6 has a bug][gcc46bug] that prevents the atomic fence primitives
+from working correctly.
+
+Example:
+
+```cpp
+using namespace moodycamel;
+
+ReaderWriterQueue<int> q(100);       // Reserve space for at least 100 elements up front
+
+q.enqueue(17);                       // Will allocate memory if the queue is full
+bool succeeded = q.try_enqueue(18);  // Will only succeed if the queue has an empty slot (never allocates)
+assert(succeeded);
+
+int number;
+succeeded = q.try_dequeue(number);  // Returns false if the queue was empty
+
+assert(succeeded && number == 17);
+
+// You can also peek at the front item of the queue (consumer only)
+int* front = q.peek();
+assert(*front == 18);
+succeeded = q.try_dequeue(number);
+assert(succeeded && number == 18);
+front = q.peek(); 
+assert(front == nullptr);           // Returns nullptr if the queue was empty
+```
+
+The blocking version has the exact same API, with the addition of `wait_dequeue` and
+`wait_dequeue_timed` methods:
+
+```cpp
+BlockingReaderWriterQueue<int> q;
+
+std::thread reader([&]() {
+    int item;
+    for (int i = 0; i != 100; ++i) {
+        // Fully-blocking:
+        q.wait_dequeue(item);
+
+        // Blocking with timeout
+        if (q.wait_dequeue_timed(item, std::chrono::milliseconds(5)))
+            ++i;
+    }
+});
+std::thread writer([&]() {
+    for (int i = 0; i != 100; ++i) {
+        q.enqueue(i);
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10));
+    }
+});
+writer.join();
+reader.join();
+
+assert(q.size_approx() == 0);
+```
+    
+Note that `wait_dequeue` will block indefinitely while the queue is empty; this
+means care must be taken to only call `wait_dequeue` if you're sure another element
+will come along eventually, or if the queue has a static lifetime. This is because
+destroying the queue while a thread is waiting on it will invoke undefined behaviour.
+
+    
+## Disclaimers
+
+The queue should only be used on platforms where aligned integer and pointer access is atomic; fortunately, that
+includes all modern processors (e.g. x86/x86-64, ARM, and PowerPC). *Not* for use with a DEC Alpha processor (which has very weak memory ordering) :-)
+
+Note that it's only been tested on x86(-64); if someone has access to other processors I'd love to run some tests on
+anything that's not x86-based.
+
+Finally, I am not an expert. This is my first foray into lock-free programming, and though I'm confident in the code,
+it's possible that there are bugs despite the effort I put into designing and testing this data structure.
+
+Use this code at your own risk; in particular, lock-free programming is a patent minefield, and this code may very
+well violate a pending patent (I haven't looked). It's worth noting that I came up with this algorithm and
+implementation from scratch, independent of any existing lock-free queues.
+
+
+## More info
+
+See the [LICENSE.md][license] file for the license (simplified BSD).
+
+My [blog post][blog] introduces the context that led to this code, and may be of interest if you're curious
+about lock-free programming.
+
+
+[blog]: http://moodycamel.com/blog/2013/a-fast-lock-free-queue-for-c++
+[license]: LICENSE.md
+[benchmarks]: http://moodycamel.com/blog/2013/a-fast-lock-free-queue-for-c++#benchmarks
+[gcc46bug]: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/16429669/stdatomic-thread-fence-has-undefined-reference
+[mpmc]: https://github.com/cameron314/concurrentqueue
diff --git a/external/readerwriterqueue/atomicops.h b/external/readerwriterqueue/atomicops.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f1069ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/readerwriterqueue/atomicops.h
@@ -0,0 +1,676 @@
+// ©2013-2016 Cameron Desrochers.
+// Distributed under the simplified BSD license (see the license file that
+// should have come with this header).
+// Uses Jeff Preshing's semaphore implementation (under the terms of its
+// separate zlib license, embedded below).
+
+#pragma once
+
+// Provides portable (VC++2010+, Intel ICC 13, GCC 4.7+, and anything C++11 compliant) implementation
+// of low-level memory barriers, plus a few semi-portable utility macros (for inlining and alignment).
+// Also has a basic atomic type (limited to hardware-supported atomics with no memory ordering guarantees).
+// Uses the AE_* prefix for macros (historical reasons), and the "moodycamel" namespace for symbols.
+
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <ctime>
+
+// Platform detection
+#if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+#define AE_ICC
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define AE_VCPP
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+#define AE_GCC
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_M_IA64) || defined(__ia64__)
+#define AE_ARCH_IA64
+#elif defined(_WIN64) || defined(__amd64__) || defined(_M_X64) || defined(__x86_64__)
+#define AE_ARCH_X64
+#elif defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__i386__)
+#define AE_ARCH_X86
+#elif defined(_M_PPC) || defined(__powerpc__)
+#define AE_ARCH_PPC
+#else
+#define AE_ARCH_UNKNOWN
+#endif
+
+
+// AE_UNUSED
+#define AE_UNUSED(x) ((void)x)
+
+// AE_NO_TSAN
+#if defined(__has_feature)
+#if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#define AE_NO_TSAN __attribute__((no_sanitize("thread")))
+#else
+#define AE_NO_TSAN
+#endif
+#else
+#define AE_NO_TSAN
+#endif
+
+
+// AE_FORCEINLINE
+#if defined(AE_VCPP) || defined(AE_ICC)
+#define AE_FORCEINLINE __forceinline
+#elif defined(AE_GCC)
+//#define AE_FORCEINLINE __attribute__((always_inline)) 
+#define AE_FORCEINLINE inline
+#else
+#define AE_FORCEINLINE inline
+#endif
+
+
+// AE_ALIGN
+#if defined(AE_VCPP) || defined(AE_ICC)
+#define AE_ALIGN(x) __declspec(align(x))
+#elif defined(AE_GCC)
+#define AE_ALIGN(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#else
+// Assume GCC compliant syntax...
+#define AE_ALIGN(x) __attribute__((aligned(x)))
+#endif
+
+
+// Portable atomic fences implemented below:
+
+namespace moodycamel {
+
+enum memory_order {
+	memory_order_relaxed,
+	memory_order_acquire,
+	memory_order_release,
+	memory_order_acq_rel,
+	memory_order_seq_cst,
+
+	// memory_order_sync: Forces a full sync:
+	// #LoadLoad, #LoadStore, #StoreStore, and most significantly, #StoreLoad
+	memory_order_sync = memory_order_seq_cst
+};
+
+}    // end namespace moodycamel
+
+#if (defined(AE_VCPP) && (_MSC_VER < 1700 || defined(__cplusplus_cli))) || (defined(AE_ICC) && __INTEL_COMPILER < 1600)
+// VS2010 and ICC13 don't support std::atomic_*_fence, implement our own fences
+
+#include <intrin.h>
+
+#if defined(AE_ARCH_X64) || defined(AE_ARCH_X86)
+#define AeFullSync _mm_mfence
+#define AeLiteSync _mm_mfence
+#elif defined(AE_ARCH_IA64)
+#define AeFullSync __mf
+#define AeLiteSync __mf
+#elif defined(AE_ARCH_PPC)
+#include <ppcintrinsics.h>
+#define AeFullSync __sync
+#define AeLiteSync __lwsync
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef AE_VCPP
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable: 4365)		// Disable erroneous 'conversion from long to unsigned int, signed/unsigned mismatch' error when using `assert`
+#ifdef __cplusplus_cli
+#pragma managed(push, off)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+namespace moodycamel {
+
+AE_FORCEINLINE void compiler_fence(memory_order order) AE_NO_TSAN
+{
+	switch (order) {
+		case memory_order_relaxed: break;
+		case memory_order_acquire: _ReadBarrier(); break;
+		case memory_order_release: _WriteBarrier(); break;
+		case memory_order_acq_rel: _ReadWriteBarrier(); break;
+		case memory_order_seq_cst: _ReadWriteBarrier(); break;
+		default: assert(false);
+	}
+}
+
+// x86/x64 have a strong memory model -- all loads and stores have
+// acquire and release semantics automatically (so only need compiler
+// barriers for those).
+#if defined(AE_ARCH_X86) || defined(AE_ARCH_X64)
+AE_FORCEINLINE void fence(memory_order order) AE_NO_TSAN
+{
+	switch (order) {
+		case memory_order_relaxed: break;
+		case memory_order_acquire: _ReadBarrier(); break;
+		case memory_order_release: _WriteBarrier(); break;
+		case memory_order_acq_rel: _ReadWriteBarrier(); break;
+		case memory_order_seq_cst:
+			_ReadWriteBarrier();
+			AeFullSync();
+			_ReadWriteBarrier();
+			break;
+		default: assert(false);
+	}
+}
+#else
+AE_FORCEINLINE void fence(memory_order order) AE_NO_TSAN
+{
+	// Non-specialized arch, use heavier memory barriers everywhere just in case :-(
+	switch (order) {
+		case memory_order_relaxed:
+			break;
+		case memory_order_acquire:
+			_ReadBarrier();
+			AeLiteSync();
+			_ReadBarrier();
+			break;
+		case memory_order_release:
+			_WriteBarrier();
+			AeLiteSync();
+			_WriteBarrier();
+			break;
+		case memory_order_acq_rel:
+			_ReadWriteBarrier();
+			AeLiteSync();
+			_ReadWriteBarrier();
+			break;
+		case memory_order_seq_cst:
+			_ReadWriteBarrier();
+			AeFullSync();
+			_ReadWriteBarrier();
+			break;
+		default: assert(false);
+	}
+}
+#endif
+}    // end namespace moodycamel
+#else
+// Use standard library of atomics
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace moodycamel {
+
+AE_FORCEINLINE void compiler_fence(memory_order order) AE_NO_TSAN
+{
+	switch (order) {
+		case memory_order_relaxed: break;
+		case memory_order_acquire: std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_acquire); break;
+		case memory_order_release: std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_release); break;
+		case memory_order_acq_rel: std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_acq_rel); break;
+		case memory_order_seq_cst: std::atomic_signal_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst); break;
+		default: assert(false);
+	}
+}
+
+AE_FORCEINLINE void fence(memory_order order) AE_NO_TSAN
+{
+	switch (order) {
+		case memory_order_relaxed: break;
+		case memory_order_acquire: std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire); break;
+		case memory_order_release: std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release); break;
+		case memory_order_acq_rel: std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acq_rel); break;
+		case memory_order_seq_cst: std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_seq_cst); break;
+		default: assert(false);
+	}
+}
+
+}    // end namespace moodycamel
+
+#endif
+
+
+#if !defined(AE_VCPP) || (_MSC_VER >= 1700 && !defined(__cplusplus_cli))
+#define AE_USE_STD_ATOMIC_FOR_WEAK_ATOMIC
+#endif
+
+#ifdef AE_USE_STD_ATOMIC_FOR_WEAK_ATOMIC
+#include <atomic>
+#endif
+#include <utility>
+
+// WARNING: *NOT* A REPLACEMENT FOR std::atomic. READ CAREFULLY:
+// Provides basic support for atomic variables -- no memory ordering guarantees are provided.
+// The guarantee of atomicity is only made for types that already have atomic load and store guarantees
+// at the hardware level -- on most platforms this generally means aligned pointers and integers (only).
+namespace moodycamel {
+template<typename T>
+class weak_atomic
+{
+public:
+	AE_NO_TSAN weak_atomic() { }
+#ifdef AE_VCPP
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable: 4100)		// Get rid of (erroneous) 'unreferenced formal parameter' warning
+#endif
+	template<typename U> AE_NO_TSAN weak_atomic(U&& x) : value(std::forward<U>(x)) {  }
+#ifdef __cplusplus_cli
+	// Work around bug with universal reference/nullptr combination that only appears when /clr is on
+	AE_NO_TSAN weak_atomic(nullptr_t) : value(nullptr) {  }
+#endif
+	AE_NO_TSAN weak_atomic(weak_atomic const& other) : value(other.load()) {  }
+	AE_NO_TSAN weak_atomic(weak_atomic&& other) : value(std::move(other.load())) {  }
+#ifdef AE_VCPP
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+	AE_FORCEINLINE operator T() const AE_NO_TSAN { return load(); }
+
+	
+#ifndef AE_USE_STD_ATOMIC_FOR_WEAK_ATOMIC
+	template<typename U> AE_FORCEINLINE weak_atomic const& operator=(U&& x) AE_NO_TSAN { value = std::forward<U>(x); return *this; }
+	AE_FORCEINLINE weak_atomic const& operator=(weak_atomic const& other) AE_NO_TSAN { value = other.value; return *this; }
+	
+	AE_FORCEINLINE T load() const AE_NO_TSAN { return value; }
+	
+	AE_FORCEINLINE T fetch_add_acquire(T increment) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+#if defined(AE_ARCH_X64) || defined(AE_ARCH_X86)
+		if (sizeof(T) == 4) return _InterlockedExchangeAdd((long volatile*)&value, (long)increment);
+#if defined(_M_AMD64)
+		else if (sizeof(T) == 8) return _InterlockedExchangeAdd64((long long volatile*)&value, (long long)increment);
+#endif
+#else
+#error Unsupported platform
+#endif
+		assert(false && "T must be either a 32 or 64 bit type");
+		return value;
+	}
+	
+	AE_FORCEINLINE T fetch_add_release(T increment) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+#if defined(AE_ARCH_X64) || defined(AE_ARCH_X86)
+		if (sizeof(T) == 4) return _InterlockedExchangeAdd((long volatile*)&value, (long)increment);
+#if defined(_M_AMD64)
+		else if (sizeof(T) == 8) return _InterlockedExchangeAdd64((long long volatile*)&value, (long long)increment);
+#endif
+#else
+#error Unsupported platform
+#endif
+		assert(false && "T must be either a 32 or 64 bit type");
+		return value;
+	}
+#else
+	template<typename U>
+	AE_FORCEINLINE weak_atomic const& operator=(U&& x) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		value.store(std::forward<U>(x), std::memory_order_relaxed);
+		return *this;
+	}
+	
+	AE_FORCEINLINE weak_atomic const& operator=(weak_atomic const& other) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		value.store(other.value.load(std::memory_order_relaxed), std::memory_order_relaxed);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	AE_FORCEINLINE T load() const AE_NO_TSAN { return value.load(std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+	
+	AE_FORCEINLINE T fetch_add_acquire(T increment) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return value.fetch_add(increment, std::memory_order_acquire);
+	}
+	
+	AE_FORCEINLINE T fetch_add_release(T increment) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return value.fetch_add(increment, std::memory_order_release);
+	}
+#endif
+	
+
+private:
+#ifndef AE_USE_STD_ATOMIC_FOR_WEAK_ATOMIC
+	// No std::atomic support, but still need to circumvent compiler optimizations.
+	// `volatile` will make memory access slow, but is guaranteed to be reliable.
+	volatile T value;
+#else
+	std::atomic<T> value;
+#endif
+};
+
+}	// end namespace moodycamel
+
+
+
+// Portable single-producer, single-consumer semaphore below:
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+// Avoid including windows.h in a header; we only need a handful of
+// items, so we'll redeclare them here (this is relatively safe since
+// the API generally has to remain stable between Windows versions).
+// I know this is an ugly hack but it still beats polluting the global
+// namespace with thousands of generic names or adding a .cpp for nothing.
+extern "C" {
+	struct _SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES;
+	__declspec(dllimport) void* __stdcall CreateSemaphoreW(_SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES* lpSemaphoreAttributes, long lInitialCount, long lMaximumCount, const wchar_t* lpName);
+	__declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall CloseHandle(void* hObject);
+	__declspec(dllimport) unsigned long __stdcall WaitForSingleObject(void* hHandle, unsigned long dwMilliseconds);
+	__declspec(dllimport) int __stdcall ReleaseSemaphore(void* hSemaphore, long lReleaseCount, long* lpPreviousCount);
+}
+#elif defined(__MACH__)
+#include <mach/mach.h>
+#elif defined(__unix__)
+#include <semaphore.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace moodycamel
+{
+	// Code in the spsc_sema namespace below is an adaptation of Jeff Preshing's
+	// portable + lightweight semaphore implementations, originally from
+	// https://github.com/preshing/cpp11-on-multicore/blob/master/common/sema.h
+	// LICENSE:
+	// Copyright (c) 2015 Jeff Preshing
+	//
+	// This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+	// warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
+	// arising from the use of this software.
+	//
+	// Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
+	// including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
+	// freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+	//
+	// 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
+	//    claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
+	//    in a product, an acknowledgement in the product documentation would be
+	//    appreciated but is not required.
+	// 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+	//    misrepresented as being the original software.
+	// 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
+	namespace spsc_sema
+	{
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+		class Semaphore
+		{
+		private:
+		    void* m_hSema;
+		    
+		    Semaphore(const Semaphore& other);
+		    Semaphore& operator=(const Semaphore& other);
+
+		public:
+		    AE_NO_TSAN Semaphore(int initialCount = 0)
+		    {
+		        assert(initialCount >= 0);
+		        const long maxLong = 0x7fffffff;
+		        m_hSema = CreateSemaphoreW(nullptr, initialCount, maxLong, nullptr);
+		        assert(m_hSema);
+		    }
+
+		    AE_NO_TSAN ~Semaphore()
+		    {
+		        CloseHandle(m_hSema);
+		    }
+
+		    bool wait() AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		    	const unsigned long infinite = 0xffffffff;
+		        return WaitForSingleObject(m_hSema, infinite) == 0;
+		    }
+
+			bool try_wait() AE_NO_TSAN
+			{
+				return WaitForSingleObject(m_hSema, 0) == 0;
+			}
+
+			bool timed_wait(std::uint64_t usecs) AE_NO_TSAN
+			{
+				return WaitForSingleObject(m_hSema, (unsigned long)(usecs / 1000)) == 0;
+			}
+
+		    void signal(int count = 1) AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        while (!ReleaseSemaphore(m_hSema, count, nullptr));
+		    }
+		};
+#elif defined(__MACH__)
+		//---------------------------------------------------------
+		// Semaphore (Apple iOS and OSX)
+		// Can't use POSIX semaphores due to http://lists.apple.com/archives/darwin-kernel/2009/Apr/msg00010.html
+		//---------------------------------------------------------
+		class Semaphore
+		{
+		private:
+		    semaphore_t m_sema;
+
+		    Semaphore(const Semaphore& other);
+		    Semaphore& operator=(const Semaphore& other);
+
+		public:
+		    AE_NO_TSAN Semaphore(int initialCount = 0)
+		    {
+		        assert(initialCount >= 0);
+		        kern_return_t rc = semaphore_create(mach_task_self(), &m_sema, SYNC_POLICY_FIFO, initialCount);
+		        assert(rc == KERN_SUCCESS);
+		        AE_UNUSED(rc);
+		    }
+
+		    AE_NO_TSAN ~Semaphore()
+		    {
+		        semaphore_destroy(mach_task_self(), m_sema);
+		    }
+
+		    bool wait() AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        return semaphore_wait(m_sema) == KERN_SUCCESS;
+		    }
+
+			bool try_wait() AE_NO_TSAN
+			{
+				return timed_wait(0);
+			}
+
+			bool timed_wait(std::int64_t timeout_usecs) AE_NO_TSAN
+			{
+				mach_timespec_t ts;
+				ts.tv_sec = static_cast<unsigned int>(timeout_usecs / 1000000);
+				ts.tv_nsec = (timeout_usecs % 1000000) * 1000;
+
+				// added in OSX 10.10: https://developer.apple.com/library/prerelease/mac/documentation/General/Reference/APIDiffsMacOSX10_10SeedDiff/modules/Darwin.html
+				kern_return_t rc = semaphore_timedwait(m_sema, ts);
+				return rc == KERN_SUCCESS;
+			}
+
+		    void signal() AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        while (semaphore_signal(m_sema) != KERN_SUCCESS);
+		    }
+
+		    void signal(int count) AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        while (count-- > 0)
+		        {
+		            while (semaphore_signal(m_sema) != KERN_SUCCESS);
+		        }
+		    }
+		};
+#elif defined(__unix__)
+		//---------------------------------------------------------
+		// Semaphore (POSIX, Linux)
+		//---------------------------------------------------------
+		class Semaphore
+		{
+		private:
+		    sem_t m_sema;
+
+		    Semaphore(const Semaphore& other);
+		    Semaphore& operator=(const Semaphore& other);
+
+		public:
+		    AE_NO_TSAN Semaphore(int initialCount = 0)
+		    {
+		        assert(initialCount >= 0);
+		        int rc = sem_init(&m_sema, 0, initialCount);
+		        assert(rc == 0);
+		        AE_UNUSED(rc);
+		    }
+
+		    AE_NO_TSAN ~Semaphore()
+		    {
+		        sem_destroy(&m_sema);
+		    }
+
+		    bool wait() AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        // http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2013181/gdb-causes-sem-wait-to-fail-with-eintr-error
+		        int rc;
+		        do
+		        {
+		            rc = sem_wait(&m_sema);
+		        }
+		        while (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+		        return rc == 0;
+		    }
+
+			bool try_wait() AE_NO_TSAN
+			{
+				int rc;
+				do {
+					rc = sem_trywait(&m_sema);
+				} while (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+				return rc == 0;
+			}
+
+			bool timed_wait(std::uint64_t usecs) AE_NO_TSAN
+			{
+				struct timespec ts;
+				const int usecs_in_1_sec = 1000000;
+				const int nsecs_in_1_sec = 1000000000;
+				clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &ts);
+				ts.tv_sec += usecs / usecs_in_1_sec;
+				ts.tv_nsec += (usecs % usecs_in_1_sec) * 1000;
+				// sem_timedwait bombs if you have more than 1e9 in tv_nsec
+				// so we have to clean things up before passing it in
+				if (ts.tv_nsec >= nsecs_in_1_sec) {
+					ts.tv_nsec -= nsecs_in_1_sec;
+					++ts.tv_sec;
+				}
+
+				int rc;
+				do {
+					rc = sem_timedwait(&m_sema, &ts);
+				} while (rc == -1 && errno == EINTR);
+				return rc == 0;
+			}
+
+		    void signal() AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        while (sem_post(&m_sema) == -1);
+		    }
+
+		    void signal(int count) AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        while (count-- > 0)
+		        {
+		            while (sem_post(&m_sema) == -1);
+		        }
+		    }
+		};
+#else
+#error Unsupported platform! (No semaphore wrapper available)
+#endif
+
+		//---------------------------------------------------------
+		// LightweightSemaphore
+		//---------------------------------------------------------
+		class LightweightSemaphore
+		{
+		public:
+			typedef std::make_signed<std::size_t>::type ssize_t;
+			
+		private:
+		    weak_atomic<ssize_t> m_count;
+		    Semaphore m_sema;
+
+		    bool waitWithPartialSpinning(std::int64_t timeout_usecs = -1) AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        ssize_t oldCount;
+		        // Is there a better way to set the initial spin count?
+		        // If we lower it to 1000, testBenaphore becomes 15x slower on my Core i7-5930K Windows PC,
+		        // as threads start hitting the kernel semaphore.
+		        int spin = 10000;
+		        while (--spin >= 0)
+		        {
+		            if (m_count.load() > 0)
+		            {
+		                m_count.fetch_add_acquire(-1);
+		                return true;
+		            }
+		            compiler_fence(memory_order_acquire);     // Prevent the compiler from collapsing the loop.
+		        }
+		        oldCount = m_count.fetch_add_acquire(-1);
+				if (oldCount > 0)
+					return true;
+		        if (timeout_usecs < 0)
+					return m_sema.wait();
+				if (m_sema.timed_wait(timeout_usecs))
+					return true;
+				// At this point, we've timed out waiting for the semaphore, but the
+				// count is still decremented indicating we may still be waiting on
+				// it. So we have to re-adjust the count, but only if the semaphore
+				// wasn't signaled enough times for us too since then. If it was, we
+				// need to release the semaphore too.
+				while (true)
+				{
+					oldCount = m_count.fetch_add_release(1);
+					if (oldCount < 0)
+						return false;    // successfully restored things to the way they were
+					// Oh, the producer thread just signaled the semaphore after all. Try again:
+					oldCount = m_count.fetch_add_acquire(-1);
+					if (oldCount > 0 && m_sema.try_wait())
+						return true;
+				}
+		    }
+
+		public:
+		    AE_NO_TSAN LightweightSemaphore(ssize_t initialCount = 0) : m_count(initialCount)
+		    {
+		        assert(initialCount >= 0);
+		    }
+
+		    bool tryWait() AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        if (m_count.load() > 0)
+		        {
+		        	m_count.fetch_add_acquire(-1);
+		        	return true;
+		        }
+		        return false;
+		    }
+
+		    bool wait() AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		        return tryWait() || waitWithPartialSpinning();
+		    }
+
+			bool wait(std::int64_t timeout_usecs) AE_NO_TSAN
+			{
+				return tryWait() || waitWithPartialSpinning(timeout_usecs);
+			}
+
+		    void signal(ssize_t count = 1) AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		    	assert(count >= 0);
+		        ssize_t oldCount = m_count.fetch_add_release(count);
+		        assert(oldCount >= -1);
+		        if (oldCount < 0)
+		        {
+		            m_sema.signal(1);
+		        }
+		    }
+		    
+		    ssize_t availableApprox() const AE_NO_TSAN
+		    {
+		    	ssize_t count = m_count.load();
+		    	return count > 0 ? count : 0;
+		    }
+		};
+	}	// end namespace spsc_sema
+}	// end namespace moodycamel
+
+#if defined(AE_VCPP) && (_MSC_VER < 1700 || defined(__cplusplus_cli))
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#ifdef __cplusplus_cli
+#pragma managed(pop)
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/external/readerwriterqueue/readerwriterqueue.h b/external/readerwriterqueue/readerwriterqueue.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..654daf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/readerwriterqueue/readerwriterqueue.h
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+// ©2013-2020 Cameron Desrochers.
+// Distributed under the simplified BSD license (see the license file that
+// should have come with this header).
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "atomicops.h"
+#include <new>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <new>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstdlib>		// For malloc/free/abort & size_t
+#include <memory>
+#if __cplusplus > 199711L || _MSC_VER >= 1700 // C++11 or VS2012
+#include <chrono>
+#endif
+
+
+// A lock-free queue for a single-consumer, single-producer architecture.
+// The queue is also wait-free in the common path (except if more memory
+// needs to be allocated, in which case malloc is called).
+// Allocates memory sparingly (O(lg(n) times, amortized), and only once if
+// the original maximum size estimate is never exceeded.
+// Tested on x86/x64 processors, but semantics should be correct for all
+// architectures (given the right implementations in atomicops.h), provided
+// that aligned integer and pointer accesses are naturally atomic.
+// Note that there should only be one consumer thread and producer thread;
+// Switching roles of the threads, or using multiple consecutive threads for
+// one role, is not safe unless properly synchronized.
+// Using the queue exclusively from one thread is fine, though a bit silly.
+
+#ifndef MOODYCAMEL_CACHE_LINE_SIZE
+#define MOODYCAMEL_CACHE_LINE_SIZE 64
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOODYCAMEL_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
+#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND)) || (defined(__GNUC__) && defined(__EXCEPTIONS)) || (!defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__GNUC__))
+#define MOODYCAMEL_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1800 // variadic templates: either a non-MS compiler or VS >= 2013
+#define MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE    1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef AE_VCPP
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable: 4324)	// structure was padded due to __declspec(align())
+#pragma warning(disable: 4820)	// padding was added
+#pragma warning(disable: 4127)	// conditional expression is constant
+#endif
+
+namespace moodycamel {
+
+template<typename T, size_t MAX_BLOCK_SIZE = 512>
+class ReaderWriterQueue
+{
+	// Design: Based on a queue-of-queues. The low-level queues are just
+	// circular buffers with front and tail indices indicating where the
+	// next element to dequeue is and where the next element can be enqueued,
+	// respectively. Each low-level queue is called a "block". Each block
+	// wastes exactly one element's worth of space to keep the design simple
+	// (if front == tail then the queue is empty, and can't be full).
+	// The high-level queue is a circular linked list of blocks; again there
+	// is a front and tail, but this time they are pointers to the blocks.
+	// The front block is where the next element to be dequeued is, provided
+	// the block is not empty. The back block is where elements are to be
+	// enqueued, provided the block is not full.
+	// The producer thread owns all the tail indices/pointers. The consumer
+	// thread owns all the front indices/pointers. Both threads read each
+	// other's variables, but only the owning thread updates them. E.g. After
+	// the consumer reads the producer's tail, the tail may change before the
+	// consumer is done dequeuing an object, but the consumer knows the tail
+	// will never go backwards, only forwards.
+	// If there is no room to enqueue an object, an additional block (of
+	// equal size to the last block) is added. Blocks are never removed.
+
+public:
+	typedef T value_type;
+
+	// Constructs a queue that can hold at least `size` elements without further
+	// allocations. If more than MAX_BLOCK_SIZE elements are requested,
+	// then several blocks of MAX_BLOCK_SIZE each are reserved (including
+	// at least one extra buffer block).
+	AE_NO_TSAN explicit ReaderWriterQueue(size_t size = 15)
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+		: enqueuing(false)
+		,dequeuing(false)
+#endif
+	{
+		assert(size > 0);
+		assert(MAX_BLOCK_SIZE == ceilToPow2(MAX_BLOCK_SIZE) && "MAX_BLOCK_SIZE must be a power of 2");
+		assert(MAX_BLOCK_SIZE >= 2 && "MAX_BLOCK_SIZE must be at least 2");
+		
+		Block* firstBlock = nullptr;
+		
+		largestBlockSize = ceilToPow2(size + 1);		// We need a spare slot to fit size elements in the block
+		if (largestBlockSize > MAX_BLOCK_SIZE * 2) {
+			// We need a spare block in case the producer is writing to a different block the consumer is reading from, and
+			// wants to enqueue the maximum number of elements. We also need a spare element in each block to avoid the ambiguity
+			// between front == tail meaning "empty" and "full".
+			// So the effective number of slots that are guaranteed to be usable at any time is the block size - 1 times the
+			// number of blocks - 1. Solving for size and applying a ceiling to the division gives us (after simplifying):
+			size_t initialBlockCount = (size + MAX_BLOCK_SIZE * 2 - 3) / (MAX_BLOCK_SIZE - 1);
+			largestBlockSize = MAX_BLOCK_SIZE;
+			Block* lastBlock = nullptr;
+			for (size_t i = 0; i != initialBlockCount; ++i) {
+				auto block = make_block(largestBlockSize);
+				if (block == nullptr) {
+#ifdef MOODYCAMEL_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
+					throw std::bad_alloc();
+#else
+					abort();
+#endif
+				}
+				if (firstBlock == nullptr) {
+					firstBlock = block;
+				}
+				else {
+					lastBlock->next = block;
+				}
+				lastBlock = block;
+				block->next = firstBlock;
+			}
+		}
+		else {
+			firstBlock = make_block(largestBlockSize);
+			if (firstBlock == nullptr) {
+#ifdef MOODYCAMEL_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
+				throw std::bad_alloc();
+#else
+				abort();
+#endif
+			}
+			firstBlock->next = firstBlock;
+		}
+		frontBlock = firstBlock;
+		tailBlock = firstBlock;
+		
+		// Make sure the reader/writer threads will have the initialized memory setup above:
+		fence(memory_order_sync);
+	}
+
+	// Note: The queue should not be accessed concurrently while it's
+	// being moved. It's up to the user to synchronize this.
+	AE_NO_TSAN ReaderWriterQueue(ReaderWriterQueue&& other)
+		: frontBlock(other.frontBlock.load()),
+		tailBlock(other.tailBlock.load()),
+		largestBlockSize(other.largestBlockSize)
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+		,enqueuing(false)
+		,dequeuing(false)
+#endif
+	{
+		other.largestBlockSize = 32;
+		Block* b = other.make_block(other.largestBlockSize);
+		if (b == nullptr) {
+#ifdef MOODYCAMEL_EXCEPTIONS_ENABLED
+			throw std::bad_alloc();
+#else
+			abort();
+#endif
+		}
+		b->next = b;
+		other.frontBlock = b;
+		other.tailBlock = b;
+	}
+
+	// Note: The queue should not be accessed concurrently while it's
+	// being moved. It's up to the user to synchronize this.
+	ReaderWriterQueue& operator=(ReaderWriterQueue&& other) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		Block* b = frontBlock.load();
+		frontBlock = other.frontBlock.load();
+		other.frontBlock = b;
+		b = tailBlock.load();
+		tailBlock = other.tailBlock.load();
+		other.tailBlock = b;
+		std::swap(largestBlockSize, other.largestBlockSize);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+	// Note: The queue should not be accessed concurrently while it's
+	// being deleted. It's up to the user to synchronize this.
+	AE_NO_TSAN ~ReaderWriterQueue()
+	{
+		// Make sure we get the latest version of all variables from other CPUs:
+		fence(memory_order_sync);
+
+		// Destroy any remaining objects in queue and free memory
+		Block* frontBlock_ = frontBlock;
+		Block* block = frontBlock_;
+		do {
+			Block* nextBlock = block->next;
+			size_t blockFront = block->front;
+			size_t blockTail = block->tail;
+
+			for (size_t i = blockFront; i != blockTail; i = (i + 1) & block->sizeMask) {
+				auto element = reinterpret_cast<T*>(block->data + i * sizeof(T));
+				element->~T();
+				(void)element;
+			}
+			
+			auto rawBlock = block->rawThis;
+			block->~Block();
+			std::free(rawBlock);
+			block = nextBlock;
+		} while (block != frontBlock_);
+	}
+
+
+	// Enqueues a copy of element if there is room in the queue.
+	// Returns true if the element was enqueued, false otherwise.
+	// Does not allocate memory.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool try_enqueue(T const& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return inner_enqueue<CannotAlloc>(element);
+	}
+
+	// Enqueues a moved copy of element if there is room in the queue.
+	// Returns true if the element was enqueued, false otherwise.
+	// Does not allocate memory.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool try_enqueue(T&& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return inner_enqueue<CannotAlloc>(std::forward<T>(element));
+	}
+
+#if MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE
+	// Like try_enqueue() but with emplace semantics (i.e. construct-in-place).
+	template<typename... Args>
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool try_emplace(Args&&... args) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return inner_enqueue<CannotAlloc>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	// Enqueues a copy of element on the queue.
+	// Allocates an additional block of memory if needed.
+	// Only fails (returns false) if memory allocation fails.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool enqueue(T const& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return inner_enqueue<CanAlloc>(element);
+	}
+
+	// Enqueues a moved copy of element on the queue.
+	// Allocates an additional block of memory if needed.
+	// Only fails (returns false) if memory allocation fails.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool enqueue(T&& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return inner_enqueue<CanAlloc>(std::forward<T>(element));
+	}
+
+#if MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE
+	// Like enqueue() but with emplace semantics (i.e. construct-in-place).
+	template<typename... Args>
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool emplace(Args&&... args) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return inner_enqueue<CanAlloc>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	}
+#endif
+
+	// Attempts to dequeue an element; if the queue is empty,
+	// returns false instead. If the queue has at least one element,
+	// moves front to result using operator=, then returns true.
+	template<typename U>
+	bool try_dequeue(U& result) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+		ReentrantGuard guard(this->dequeuing);
+#endif
+
+		// High-level pseudocode:
+		// Remember where the tail block is
+		// If the front block has an element in it, dequeue it
+		// Else
+		//     If front block was the tail block when we entered the function, return false
+		//     Else advance to next block and dequeue the item there
+
+		// Note that we have to use the value of the tail block from before we check if the front
+		// block is full or not, in case the front block is empty and then, before we check if the
+		// tail block is at the front block or not, the producer fills up the front block *and
+		// moves on*, which would make us skip a filled block. Seems unlikely, but was consistently
+		// reproducible in practice.
+		// In order to avoid overhead in the common case, though, we do a double-checked pattern
+		// where we have the fast path if the front block is not empty, then read the tail block,
+		// then re-read the front block and check if it's not empty again, then check if the tail
+		// block has advanced.
+		
+		Block* frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+		size_t blockTail = frontBlock_->localTail;
+		size_t blockFront = frontBlock_->front.load();
+		
+		if (blockFront != blockTail || blockFront != (frontBlock_->localTail = frontBlock_->tail.load())) {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			
+		non_empty_front_block:
+			// Front block not empty, dequeue from here
+			auto element = reinterpret_cast<T*>(frontBlock_->data + blockFront * sizeof(T));
+			result = std::move(*element);
+			element->~T();
+
+			blockFront = (blockFront + 1) & frontBlock_->sizeMask;
+
+			fence(memory_order_release);
+			frontBlock_->front = blockFront;
+		}
+		else if (frontBlock_ != tailBlock.load()) {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+
+			frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+			blockTail = frontBlock_->localTail = frontBlock_->tail.load();
+			blockFront = frontBlock_->front.load();
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			
+			if (blockFront != blockTail) {
+				// Oh look, the front block isn't empty after all
+				goto non_empty_front_block;
+			}
+			
+			// Front block is empty but there's another block ahead, advance to it
+			Block* nextBlock = frontBlock_->next;
+			// Don't need an acquire fence here since next can only ever be set on the tailBlock,
+			// and we're not the tailBlock, and we did an acquire earlier after reading tailBlock which
+			// ensures next is up-to-date on this CPU in case we recently were at tailBlock.
+
+			size_t nextBlockFront = nextBlock->front.load();
+			size_t nextBlockTail = nextBlock->localTail = nextBlock->tail.load();
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+
+			// Since the tailBlock is only ever advanced after being written to,
+			// we know there's for sure an element to dequeue on it
+			assert(nextBlockFront != nextBlockTail);
+			AE_UNUSED(nextBlockTail);
+
+			// We're done with this block, let the producer use it if it needs
+			fence(memory_order_release);		// Expose possibly pending changes to frontBlock->front from last dequeue
+			frontBlock = frontBlock_ = nextBlock;
+
+			compiler_fence(memory_order_release);	// Not strictly needed
+
+			auto element = reinterpret_cast<T*>(frontBlock_->data + nextBlockFront * sizeof(T));
+			
+			result = std::move(*element);
+			element->~T();
+
+			nextBlockFront = (nextBlockFront + 1) & frontBlock_->sizeMask;
+			
+			fence(memory_order_release);
+			frontBlock_->front = nextBlockFront;
+		}
+		else {
+			// No elements in current block and no other block to advance to
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	// Returns a pointer to the front element in the queue (the one that
+	// would be removed next by a call to `try_dequeue` or `pop`). If the
+	// queue appears empty at the time the method is called, nullptr is
+	// returned instead.
+	// Must be called only from the consumer thread.
+	T* peek() const AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+		ReentrantGuard guard(this->dequeuing);
+#endif
+		// See try_dequeue() for reasoning
+
+		Block* frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+		size_t blockTail = frontBlock_->localTail;
+		size_t blockFront = frontBlock_->front.load();
+		
+		if (blockFront != blockTail || blockFront != (frontBlock_->localTail = frontBlock_->tail.load())) {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+		non_empty_front_block:
+			return reinterpret_cast<T*>(frontBlock_->data + blockFront * sizeof(T));
+		}
+		else if (frontBlock_ != tailBlock.load()) {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+			blockTail = frontBlock_->localTail = frontBlock_->tail.load();
+			blockFront = frontBlock_->front.load();
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			
+			if (blockFront != blockTail) {
+				goto non_empty_front_block;
+			}
+			
+			Block* nextBlock = frontBlock_->next;
+			
+			size_t nextBlockFront = nextBlock->front.load();
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+
+			assert(nextBlockFront != nextBlock->tail.load());
+			return reinterpret_cast<T*>(nextBlock->data + nextBlockFront * sizeof(T));
+		}
+		
+		return nullptr;
+	}
+	
+	// Removes the front element from the queue, if any, without returning it.
+	// Returns true on success, or false if the queue appeared empty at the time
+	// `pop` was called.
+	bool pop() AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+		ReentrantGuard guard(this->dequeuing);
+#endif
+		// See try_dequeue() for reasoning
+		
+		Block* frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+		size_t blockTail = frontBlock_->localTail;
+		size_t blockFront = frontBlock_->front.load();
+		
+		if (blockFront != blockTail || blockFront != (frontBlock_->localTail = frontBlock_->tail.load())) {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			
+		non_empty_front_block:
+			auto element = reinterpret_cast<T*>(frontBlock_->data + blockFront * sizeof(T));
+			element->~T();
+
+			blockFront = (blockFront + 1) & frontBlock_->sizeMask;
+
+			fence(memory_order_release);
+			frontBlock_->front = blockFront;
+		}
+		else if (frontBlock_ != tailBlock.load()) {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+			blockTail = frontBlock_->localTail = frontBlock_->tail.load();
+			blockFront = frontBlock_->front.load();
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			
+			if (blockFront != blockTail) {
+				goto non_empty_front_block;
+			}
+			
+			// Front block is empty but there's another block ahead, advance to it
+			Block* nextBlock = frontBlock_->next;
+			
+			size_t nextBlockFront = nextBlock->front.load();
+			size_t nextBlockTail = nextBlock->localTail = nextBlock->tail.load();
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+
+			assert(nextBlockFront != nextBlockTail);
+			AE_UNUSED(nextBlockTail);
+
+			fence(memory_order_release);
+			frontBlock = frontBlock_ = nextBlock;
+
+			compiler_fence(memory_order_release);
+
+			auto element = reinterpret_cast<T*>(frontBlock_->data + nextBlockFront * sizeof(T));
+			element->~T();
+
+			nextBlockFront = (nextBlockFront + 1) & frontBlock_->sizeMask;
+			
+			fence(memory_order_release);
+			frontBlock_->front = nextBlockFront;
+		}
+		else {
+			// No elements in current block and no other block to advance to
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+	
+	// Returns the approximate number of items currently in the queue.
+	// Safe to call from both the producer and consumer threads.
+	inline size_t size_approx() const AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		size_t result = 0;
+		Block* frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+		Block* block = frontBlock_;
+		do {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			size_t blockFront = block->front.load();
+			size_t blockTail = block->tail.load();
+			result += (blockTail - blockFront) & block->sizeMask;
+			block = block->next.load();
+		} while (block != frontBlock_);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	// Returns the total number of items that could be enqueued without incurring
+	// an allocation when this queue is empty.
+	// Safe to call from both the producer and consumer threads.
+	//
+	// NOTE: The actual capacity during usage may be different depending on the consumer.
+	//       If the consumer is removing elements concurrently, the producer cannot add to
+	//       the block the consumer is removing from until it's completely empty, except in
+	//       the case where the producer was writing to the same block the consumer was
+	//       reading from the whole time.
+	inline size_t max_capacity() const {
+		size_t result = 0;
+		Block* frontBlock_ = frontBlock.load();
+		Block* block = frontBlock_;
+		do {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			result += block->sizeMask;
+			block = block->next.load();
+		} while (block != frontBlock_);
+		return result;
+	}
+
+
+private:
+	enum AllocationMode { CanAlloc, CannotAlloc };
+
+#if MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE
+	template<AllocationMode canAlloc, typename... Args>
+	bool inner_enqueue(Args&&... args) AE_NO_TSAN
+#else
+	template<AllocationMode canAlloc, typename U>
+	bool inner_enqueue(U&& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+#endif
+	{
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+		ReentrantGuard guard(this->enqueuing);
+#endif
+
+		// High-level pseudocode (assuming we're allowed to alloc a new block):
+		// If room in tail block, add to tail
+		// Else check next block
+		//     If next block is not the head block, enqueue on next block
+		//     Else create a new block and enqueue there
+		//     Advance tail to the block we just enqueued to
+
+		Block* tailBlock_ = tailBlock.load();
+		size_t blockFront = tailBlock_->localFront;
+		size_t blockTail = tailBlock_->tail.load();
+
+		size_t nextBlockTail = (blockTail + 1) & tailBlock_->sizeMask;
+		if (nextBlockTail != blockFront || nextBlockTail != (tailBlock_->localFront = tailBlock_->front.load())) {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			// This block has room for at least one more element
+			char* location = tailBlock_->data + blockTail * sizeof(T);
+#if MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE
+			new (location) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#else
+			new (location) T(std::forward<U>(element));
+#endif
+
+			fence(memory_order_release);
+			tailBlock_->tail = nextBlockTail;
+		}
+		else {
+			fence(memory_order_acquire);
+			if (tailBlock_->next.load() != frontBlock) {
+				// Note that the reason we can't advance to the frontBlock and start adding new entries there
+				// is because if we did, then dequeue would stay in that block, eventually reading the new values,
+				// instead of advancing to the next full block (whose values were enqueued first and so should be
+				// consumed first).
+
+				fence(memory_order_acquire);		// Ensure we get latest writes if we got the latest frontBlock
+
+				// tailBlock is full, but there's a free block ahead, use it
+				Block* tailBlockNext = tailBlock_->next.load();
+				size_t nextBlockFront = tailBlockNext->localFront = tailBlockNext->front.load();
+				nextBlockTail = tailBlockNext->tail.load();
+				fence(memory_order_acquire);
+
+				// This block must be empty since it's not the head block and we
+				// go through the blocks in a circle
+				assert(nextBlockFront == nextBlockTail);
+				tailBlockNext->localFront = nextBlockFront;
+
+				char* location = tailBlockNext->data + nextBlockTail * sizeof(T);
+#if MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE
+				new (location) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#else
+				new (location) T(std::forward<U>(element));
+#endif
+
+				tailBlockNext->tail = (nextBlockTail + 1) & tailBlockNext->sizeMask;
+
+				fence(memory_order_release);
+				tailBlock = tailBlockNext;
+			}
+			else if (canAlloc == CanAlloc) {
+				// tailBlock is full and there's no free block ahead; create a new block
+				auto newBlockSize = largestBlockSize >= MAX_BLOCK_SIZE ? largestBlockSize : largestBlockSize * 2;
+				auto newBlock = make_block(newBlockSize);
+				if (newBlock == nullptr) {
+					// Could not allocate a block!
+					return false;
+				}
+				largestBlockSize = newBlockSize;
+
+#if MOODYCAMEL_HAS_EMPLACE
+				new (newBlock->data) T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+#else
+				new (newBlock->data) T(std::forward<U>(element));
+#endif
+				assert(newBlock->front == 0);
+				newBlock->tail = newBlock->localTail = 1;
+
+				newBlock->next = tailBlock_->next.load();
+				tailBlock_->next = newBlock;
+
+				// Might be possible for the dequeue thread to see the new tailBlock->next
+				// *without* seeing the new tailBlock value, but this is OK since it can't
+				// advance to the next block until tailBlock is set anyway (because the only
+				// case where it could try to read the next is if it's already at the tailBlock,
+				// and it won't advance past tailBlock in any circumstance).
+
+				fence(memory_order_release);
+				tailBlock = newBlock;
+			}
+			else if (canAlloc == CannotAlloc) {
+				// Would have had to allocate a new block to enqueue, but not allowed
+				return false;
+			}
+			else {
+				assert(false && "Should be unreachable code");
+				return false;
+			}
+		}
+
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+	// Disable copying
+	ReaderWriterQueue(ReaderWriterQueue const&) {  }
+
+	// Disable assignment
+	ReaderWriterQueue& operator=(ReaderWriterQueue const&) {  }
+
+
+	AE_FORCEINLINE static size_t ceilToPow2(size_t x)
+	{
+		// From http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
+		--x;
+		x |= x >> 1;
+		x |= x >> 2;
+		x |= x >> 4;
+		for (size_t i = 1; i < sizeof(size_t); i <<= 1) {
+			x |= x >> (i << 3);
+		}
+		++x;
+		return x;
+	}
+	
+	template<typename U>
+	static AE_FORCEINLINE char* align_for(char* ptr) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		const std::size_t alignment = std::alignment_of<U>::value;
+		return ptr + (alignment - (reinterpret_cast<std::uintptr_t>(ptr) % alignment)) % alignment;
+	}
+private:
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+	struct ReentrantGuard
+	{
+		AE_NO_TSAN ReentrantGuard(bool& _inSection)
+			: inSection(_inSection)
+		{
+			assert(!inSection && "Concurrent (or re-entrant) enqueue or dequeue operation detected (only one thread at a time may hold the producer or consumer role)");
+			inSection = true;
+		}
+
+		AE_NO_TSAN ~ReentrantGuard() { inSection = false; }
+
+	private:
+		ReentrantGuard& operator=(ReentrantGuard const&);
+
+	private:
+		bool& inSection;
+	};
+#endif
+
+	struct Block
+	{
+		// Avoid false-sharing by putting highly contended variables on their own cache lines
+		weak_atomic<size_t> front;	// (Atomic) Elements are read from here
+		size_t localTail;			// An uncontended shadow copy of tail, owned by the consumer
+		
+		char cachelineFiller0[MOODYCAMEL_CACHE_LINE_SIZE - sizeof(weak_atomic<size_t>) - sizeof(size_t)];
+		weak_atomic<size_t> tail;	// (Atomic) Elements are enqueued here
+		size_t localFront;
+		
+		char cachelineFiller1[MOODYCAMEL_CACHE_LINE_SIZE - sizeof(weak_atomic<size_t>) - sizeof(size_t)];	// next isn't very contended, but we don't want it on the same cache line as tail (which is)
+		weak_atomic<Block*> next;	// (Atomic)
+		
+		char* data;		// Contents (on heap) are aligned to T's alignment
+
+		const size_t sizeMask;
+
+
+		// size must be a power of two (and greater than 0)
+		AE_NO_TSAN Block(size_t const& _size, char* _rawThis, char* _data)
+			: front(0), localTail(0), tail(0), localFront(0), next(nullptr), data(_data), sizeMask(_size - 1), rawThis(_rawThis)
+		{
+		}
+
+	private:
+		// C4512 - Assignment operator could not be generated
+		Block& operator=(Block const&);
+
+	public:
+		char* rawThis;
+	};
+	
+	
+	static Block* make_block(size_t capacity) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		// Allocate enough memory for the block itself, as well as all the elements it will contain
+		auto size = sizeof(Block) + std::alignment_of<Block>::value - 1;
+		size += sizeof(T) * capacity + std::alignment_of<T>::value - 1;
+		auto newBlockRaw = static_cast<char*>(std::malloc(size));
+		if (newBlockRaw == nullptr) {
+			return nullptr;
+		}
+		
+		auto newBlockAligned = align_for<Block>(newBlockRaw);
+		auto newBlockData = align_for<T>(newBlockAligned + sizeof(Block));
+		return new (newBlockAligned) Block(capacity, newBlockRaw, newBlockData);
+	}
+
+private:
+	weak_atomic<Block*> frontBlock;		// (Atomic) Elements are enqueued to this block
+	
+	char cachelineFiller[MOODYCAMEL_CACHE_LINE_SIZE - sizeof(weak_atomic<Block*>)];
+	weak_atomic<Block*> tailBlock;		// (Atomic) Elements are dequeued from this block
+
+	size_t largestBlockSize;
+
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+	bool enqueuing;
+	mutable bool dequeuing;
+#endif
+};
+
+// Like ReaderWriterQueue, but also providees blocking operations
+template<typename T, size_t MAX_BLOCK_SIZE = 512>
+class BlockingReaderWriterQueue
+{
+private:
+	typedef ::moodycamel::ReaderWriterQueue<T, MAX_BLOCK_SIZE> ReaderWriterQueue;
+	
+public:
+	explicit BlockingReaderWriterQueue(size_t size = 15) AE_NO_TSAN
+		: inner(size), sema(new spsc_sema::LightweightSemaphore())
+	{ }
+
+	BlockingReaderWriterQueue(BlockingReaderWriterQueue&& other) AE_NO_TSAN
+		: inner(std::move(other.inner)), sema(std::move(other.sema))
+	{ }
+
+	BlockingReaderWriterQueue& operator=(BlockingReaderWriterQueue&& other) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		std::swap(sema, other.sema);
+		std::swap(inner, other.inner);
+		return *this;
+	}
+
+
+	// Enqueues a copy of element if there is room in the queue.
+	// Returns true if the element was enqueued, false otherwise.
+	// Does not allocate memory.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool try_enqueue(T const& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		if (inner.try_enqueue(element)) {
+			sema->signal();
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Enqueues a moved copy of element if there is room in the queue.
+	// Returns true if the element was enqueued, false otherwise.
+	// Does not allocate memory.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool try_enqueue(T&& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		if (inner.try_enqueue(std::forward<T>(element))) {
+			sema->signal();
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	// Enqueues a copy of element on the queue.
+	// Allocates an additional block of memory if needed.
+	// Only fails (returns false) if memory allocation fails.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool enqueue(T const& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		if (inner.enqueue(element)) {
+			sema->signal();
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	// Enqueues a moved copy of element on the queue.
+	// Allocates an additional block of memory if needed.
+	// Only fails (returns false) if memory allocation fails.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool enqueue(T&& element) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		if (inner.enqueue(std::forward<T>(element))) {
+			sema->signal();
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+
+
+	// Attempts to dequeue an element; if the queue is empty,
+	// returns false instead. If the queue has at least one element,
+	// moves front to result using operator=, then returns true.
+	template<typename U>
+	bool try_dequeue(U& result) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		if (sema->tryWait()) {
+			bool success = inner.try_dequeue(result);
+			assert(success);
+			AE_UNUSED(success);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	
+	// Attempts to dequeue an element; if the queue is empty,
+	// waits until an element is available, then dequeues it.
+	template<typename U>
+	void wait_dequeue(U& result) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		while (!sema->wait());
+		bool success = inner.try_dequeue(result);
+		AE_UNUSED(result);
+		assert(success);
+		AE_UNUSED(success);
+	}
+
+
+	// Attempts to dequeue an element; if the queue is empty,
+	// waits until an element is available up to the specified timeout,
+	// then dequeues it and returns true, or returns false if the timeout
+	// expires before an element can be dequeued.
+	// Using a negative timeout indicates an indefinite timeout,
+	// and is thus functionally equivalent to calling wait_dequeue.
+	template<typename U>
+	bool wait_dequeue_timed(U& result, std::int64_t timeout_usecs) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		if (!sema->wait(timeout_usecs)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+		bool success = inner.try_dequeue(result);
+		AE_UNUSED(result);
+		assert(success);
+		AE_UNUSED(success);
+		return true;
+	}
+
+
+#if __cplusplus > 199711L || _MSC_VER >= 1700
+	// Attempts to dequeue an element; if the queue is empty,
+	// waits until an element is available up to the specified timeout,
+	// then dequeues it and returns true, or returns false if the timeout
+	// expires before an element can be dequeued.
+	// Using a negative timeout indicates an indefinite timeout,
+	// and is thus functionally equivalent to calling wait_dequeue.
+	template<typename U, typename Rep, typename Period>
+	inline bool wait_dequeue_timed(U& result, std::chrono::duration<Rep, Period> const& timeout) AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+        return wait_dequeue_timed(result, std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(timeout).count());
+	}
+#endif
+
+
+	// Returns a pointer to the front element in the queue (the one that
+	// would be removed next by a call to `try_dequeue` or `pop`). If the
+	// queue appears empty at the time the method is called, nullptr is
+	// returned instead.
+	// Must be called only from the consumer thread.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE T* peek() const AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return inner.peek();
+	}
+	
+	// Removes the front element from the queue, if any, without returning it.
+	// Returns true on success, or false if the queue appeared empty at the time
+	// `pop` was called.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE bool pop() AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		if (sema->tryWait()) {
+			bool result = inner.pop();
+			assert(result);
+			AE_UNUSED(result);
+			return true;
+		}
+		return false;
+	}
+	
+	// Returns the approximate number of items currently in the queue.
+	// Safe to call from both the producer and consumer threads.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE size_t size_approx() const AE_NO_TSAN
+	{
+		return sema->availableApprox();
+	}
+
+	// Returns the total number of items that could be enqueued without incurring
+	// an allocation when this queue is empty.
+	// Safe to call from both the producer and consumer threads.
+	//
+	// NOTE: The actual capacity during usage may be different depending on the consumer.
+	//       If the consumer is removing elements concurrently, the producer cannot add to
+	//       the block the consumer is removing from until it's completely empty, except in
+	//       the case where the producer was writing to the same block the consumer was
+	//       reading from the whole time.
+	AE_FORCEINLINE size_t max_capacity() const {
+		return inner.max_capacity();
+	}
+
+private:
+	// Disable copying & assignment
+	BlockingReaderWriterQueue(BlockingReaderWriterQueue const&) {  }
+	BlockingReaderWriterQueue& operator=(BlockingReaderWriterQueue const&) {  }
+	
+private:
+	ReaderWriterQueue inner;
+	std::unique_ptr<spsc_sema::LightweightSemaphore> sema;
+};
+
+}    // end namespace moodycamel
+
+#ifdef AE_VCPP
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
diff --git a/external/robin_hood.h b/external/robin_hood.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..48ae0b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/robin_hood.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2530 @@
+//                 ______  _____                 ______                _________
+//  ______________ ___  /_ ___(_)_______         ___  /_ ______ ______ ______  /
+//  __  ___/_  __ \__  __ \__  / __  __ \        __  __ \_  __ \_  __ \_  __  /
+//  _  /    / /_/ /_  /_/ /_  /  _  / / /        _  / / // /_/ // /_/ // /_/ /
+//  /_/     \____/ /_.___/ /_/   /_/ /_/ ________/_/ /_/ \____/ \____/ \__,_/
+//                                      _/_____/
+//
+// Fast & memory efficient hashtable based on robin hood hashing for C++11/14/17/20
+// https://github.com/martinus/robin-hood-hashing
+//
+// Licensed under the MIT License <http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+// Copyright (c) 2018-2021 Martin Ankerl <http://martin.ankerl.com>
+//
+// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+//
+// The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+// copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+//
+// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+// SOFTWARE.
+
+#ifndef ROBIN_HOOD_H_INCLUDED
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_H_INCLUDED
+
+// see https://semver.org/
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_VERSION_MAJOR 3  // for incompatible API changes
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_VERSION_MINOR 11 // for adding functionality in a backwards-compatible manner
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_VERSION_PATCH 2  // for backwards-compatible bug fixes
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <functional>
+#include <limits>
+#include <memory> // only to support hash of smart pointers
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <string>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <utility>
+#if __cplusplus >= 201703L
+#    include <string_view>
+#endif
+
+// #define ROBIN_HOOD_LOG_ENABLED
+#ifdef ROBIN_HOOD_LOG_ENABLED
+#    include <iostream>
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_LOG(...) \
+        std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "@" << __LINE__ << ": " << __VA_ARGS__ << std::endl;
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_LOG(x)
+#endif
+
+// #define ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE_ENABLED
+#ifdef ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE_ENABLED
+#    include <iostream>
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(...) \
+        std::cout << __FUNCTION__ << "@" << __LINE__ << ": " << __VA_ARGS__ << std::endl;
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(x)
+#endif
+
+// #define ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT_ENABLED
+#ifdef ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT_ENABLED
+#    include <iostream>
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT(x) ++counts().x;
+namespace robin_hood {
+struct Counts {
+    uint64_t shiftUp{};
+    uint64_t shiftDown{};
+};
+inline std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, Counts const& c) {
+    return os << c.shiftUp << " shiftUp" << std::endl << c.shiftDown << " shiftDown" << std::endl;
+}
+
+static Counts& counts() {
+    static Counts counts{};
+    return counts;
+}
+} // namespace robin_hood
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT(x)
+#endif
+
+// all non-argument macros should use this facility. See
+// https://www.fluentcpp.com/2019/05/28/better-macros-better-flags/
+#define ROBIN_HOOD(x) ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_##x()
+
+// mark unused members with this macro
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(identifier)
+
+// bitness
+#if SIZE_MAX == UINT32_MAX
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BITNESS() 32
+#elif SIZE_MAX == UINT64_MAX
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BITNESS() 64
+#else
+#    error Unsupported bitness
+#endif
+
+// endianess
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_LITTLE_ENDIAN() 1
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BIG_ENDIAN() 0
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_LITTLE_ENDIAN() \
+        (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BIG_ENDIAN() (__BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_BIG_ENDIAN__)
+#endif
+
+// inline
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_NOINLINE() __declspec(noinline)
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_NOINLINE() __attribute__((noinline))
+#endif
+
+// exceptions
+#if !defined(__cpp_exceptions) && !defined(__EXCEPTIONS) && !defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_HAS_EXCEPTIONS() 0
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_HAS_EXCEPTIONS() 1
+#endif
+
+// count leading/trailing bits
+#if !defined(ROBIN_HOOD_DISABLE_INTRINSICS)
+#    ifdef _MSC_VER
+#        if ROBIN_HOOD(BITNESS) == 32
+#            define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BITSCANFORWARD() _BitScanForward
+#        else
+#            define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BITSCANFORWARD() _BitScanForward64
+#        endif
+#        include <intrin.h>
+#        pragma intrinsic(ROBIN_HOOD(BITSCANFORWARD))
+#        define ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT_TRAILING_ZEROES(x)                                       \
+            [](size_t mask) noexcept -> int {                                             \
+                unsigned long index;                                                      \
+                return ROBIN_HOOD(BITSCANFORWARD)(&index, mask) ? static_cast<int>(index) \
+                                                                : ROBIN_HOOD(BITNESS);    \
+            }(x)
+#    else
+#        if ROBIN_HOOD(BITNESS) == 32
+#            define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CTZ() __builtin_ctzl
+#            define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CLZ() __builtin_clzl
+#        else
+#            define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CTZ() __builtin_ctzll
+#            define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CLZ() __builtin_clzll
+#        endif
+#        define ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT_LEADING_ZEROES(x) ((x) ? ROBIN_HOOD(CLZ)(x) : ROBIN_HOOD(BITNESS))
+#        define ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT_TRAILING_ZEROES(x) ((x) ? ROBIN_HOOD(CTZ)(x) : ROBIN_HOOD(BITNESS))
+#    endif
+#endif
+
+// fallthrough
+#ifndef __has_cpp_attribute // For backwards compatibility
+#    define __has_cpp_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+#if __has_cpp_attribute(clang::fallthrough)
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_FALLTHROUGH() [[clang::fallthrough]]
+#elif __has_cpp_attribute(gnu::fallthrough)
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_FALLTHROUGH() [[gnu::fallthrough]]
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_FALLTHROUGH()
+#endif
+
+// likely/unlikely
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_LIKELY(condition) condition
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(condition) condition
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_LIKELY(condition) __builtin_expect(condition, 1)
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(condition) __builtin_expect(condition, 0)
+#endif
+
+// detect if native wchar_t type is availiable in MSVC
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    ifdef _NATIVE_WCHAR_T_DEFINED
+#        define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_HAS_NATIVE_WCHART() 1
+#    else
+#        define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_HAS_NATIVE_WCHART() 0
+#    endif
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_HAS_NATIVE_WCHART() 1
+#endif
+
+// detect if MSVC supports the pair(std::piecewise_construct_t,...) consructor being constexpr
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#    if _MSC_VER <= 1900
+#        define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BROKEN_CONSTEXPR() 1
+#    else
+#        define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BROKEN_CONSTEXPR() 0
+#    endif
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_BROKEN_CONSTEXPR() 0
+#endif
+
+// workaround missing "is_trivially_copyable" in g++ < 5.0
+// See https://stackoverflow.com/a/31798726/48181
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ < 5
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPYABLE(...) __has_trivial_copy(__VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPYABLE(...) std::is_trivially_copyable<__VA_ARGS__>::value
+#endif
+
+// helpers for C++ versions, see https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/cpp/Standard-Predefined-Macros.html
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CXX() __cplusplus
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CXX98() 199711L
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CXX11() 201103L
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CXX14() 201402L
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_CXX17() 201703L
+
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(CXX) >= ROBIN_HOOD(CXX17)
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_NODISCARD() [[nodiscard]]
+#else
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_PRIVATE_DEFINITION_NODISCARD()
+#endif
+
+namespace robin_hood {
+
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(CXX) >= ROBIN_HOOD(CXX14)
+#    define ROBIN_HOOD_STD std
+#else
+
+// c++11 compatibility layer
+namespace ROBIN_HOOD_STD {
+template <class T>
+struct alignment_of
+    : std::integral_constant<std::size_t, alignof(typename std::remove_all_extents<T>::type)> {};
+
+template <class T, T... Ints>
+class integer_sequence {
+public:
+    using value_type = T;
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<value_type>::value, "not integral type");
+    static constexpr std::size_t size() noexcept {
+        return sizeof...(Ints);
+    }
+};
+template <std::size_t... Inds>
+using index_sequence = integer_sequence<std::size_t, Inds...>;
+
+namespace detail_ {
+template <class T, T Begin, T End, bool>
+struct IntSeqImpl {
+    using TValue = T;
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<TValue>::value, "not integral type");
+    static_assert(Begin >= 0 && Begin < End, "unexpected argument (Begin<0 || Begin<=End)");
+
+    template <class, class>
+    struct IntSeqCombiner;
+
+    template <TValue... Inds0, TValue... Inds1>
+    struct IntSeqCombiner<integer_sequence<TValue, Inds0...>, integer_sequence<TValue, Inds1...>> {
+        using TResult = integer_sequence<TValue, Inds0..., Inds1...>;
+    };
+
+    using TResult =
+        typename IntSeqCombiner<typename IntSeqImpl<TValue, Begin, Begin + (End - Begin) / 2,
+                                                    (End - Begin) / 2 == 1>::TResult,
+                                typename IntSeqImpl<TValue, Begin + (End - Begin) / 2, End,
+                                                    (End - Begin + 1) / 2 == 1>::TResult>::TResult;
+};
+
+template <class T, T Begin>
+struct IntSeqImpl<T, Begin, Begin, false> {
+    using TValue = T;
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<TValue>::value, "not integral type");
+    static_assert(Begin >= 0, "unexpected argument (Begin<0)");
+    using TResult = integer_sequence<TValue>;
+};
+
+template <class T, T Begin, T End>
+struct IntSeqImpl<T, Begin, End, true> {
+    using TValue = T;
+    static_assert(std::is_integral<TValue>::value, "not integral type");
+    static_assert(Begin >= 0, "unexpected argument (Begin<0)");
+    using TResult = integer_sequence<TValue, Begin>;
+};
+} // namespace detail_
+
+template <class T, T N>
+using make_integer_sequence = typename detail_::IntSeqImpl<T, 0, N, (N - 0) == 1>::TResult;
+
+template <std::size_t N>
+using make_index_sequence = make_integer_sequence<std::size_t, N>;
+
+template <class... T>
+using index_sequence_for = make_index_sequence<sizeof...(T)>;
+
+} // namespace ROBIN_HOOD_STD
+
+#endif
+
+namespace detail {
+
+// make sure we static_cast to the correct type for hash_int
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(BITNESS) == 64
+using SizeT = uint64_t;
+#else
+using SizeT = uint32_t;
+#endif
+
+template <typename T>
+T rotr(T x, unsigned k) {
+    return (x >> k) | (x << (8U * sizeof(T) - k));
+}
+
+// This cast gets rid of warnings like "cast from 'uint8_t*' {aka 'unsigned char*'} to
+// 'uint64_t*' {aka 'long unsigned int*'} increases required alignment of target type". Use with
+// care!
+template <typename T>
+inline T reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning(void* ptr) noexcept {
+    return reinterpret_cast<T>(ptr);
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning(void const* ptr) noexcept {
+    return reinterpret_cast<T>(ptr);
+}
+
+// make sure this is not inlined as it is slow and dramatically enlarges code, thus making other
+// inlinings more difficult. Throws are also generally the slow path.
+template <typename E, typename... Args>
+[[noreturn]] ROBIN_HOOD(NOINLINE)
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(HAS_EXCEPTIONS)
+    void doThrow(Args&&... args) {
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-bounds-array-to-pointer-decay)
+    throw E(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+}
+#else
+    void doThrow(Args&&... ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(args) /*unused*/) {
+    abort();
+}
+#endif
+
+template <typename E, typename T, typename... Args>
+T* assertNotNull(T* t, Args&&... args) {
+    if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(nullptr == t)) {
+        doThrow<E>(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+    return t;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+inline T unaligned_load(void const* ptr) noexcept {
+    // using memcpy so we don't get into unaligned load problems.
+    // compiler should optimize this very well anyways.
+    T t;
+    std::memcpy(&t, ptr, sizeof(T));
+    return t;
+}
+
+// Allocates bulks of memory for objects of type T. This deallocates the memory in the destructor,
+// and keeps a linked list of the allocated memory around. Overhead per allocation is the size of a
+// pointer.
+template <typename T, size_t MinNumAllocs = 4, size_t MaxNumAllocs = 256>
+class BulkPoolAllocator {
+public:
+    BulkPoolAllocator() noexcept = default;
+
+    // does not copy anything, just creates a new allocator.
+    BulkPoolAllocator(const BulkPoolAllocator& ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(o) /*unused*/) noexcept
+        : mHead(nullptr)
+        , mListForFree(nullptr) {}
+
+    BulkPoolAllocator(BulkPoolAllocator&& o) noexcept
+        : mHead(o.mHead)
+        , mListForFree(o.mListForFree) {
+        o.mListForFree = nullptr;
+        o.mHead = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    BulkPoolAllocator& operator=(BulkPoolAllocator&& o) noexcept {
+        reset();
+        mHead = o.mHead;
+        mListForFree = o.mListForFree;
+        o.mListForFree = nullptr;
+        o.mHead = nullptr;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    BulkPoolAllocator&
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-unhandled-self-assignment,cert-oop54-cpp)
+    operator=(const BulkPoolAllocator& ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(o) /*unused*/) noexcept {
+        // does not do anything
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    ~BulkPoolAllocator() noexcept {
+        reset();
+    }
+
+    // Deallocates all allocated memory.
+    void reset() noexcept {
+        while (mListForFree) {
+            T* tmp = *mListForFree;
+            ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::free")
+            std::free(mListForFree);
+            mListForFree = reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<T**>(tmp);
+        }
+        mHead = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // allocates, but does NOT initialize. Use in-place new constructor, e.g.
+    //   T* obj = pool.allocate();
+    //   ::new (static_cast<void*>(obj)) T();
+    T* allocate() {
+        T* tmp = mHead;
+        if (!tmp) {
+            tmp = performAllocation();
+        }
+
+        mHead = *reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<T**>(tmp);
+        return tmp;
+    }
+
+    // does not actually deallocate but puts it in store.
+    // make sure you have already called the destructor! e.g. with
+    //  obj->~T();
+    //  pool.deallocate(obj);
+    void deallocate(T* obj) noexcept {
+        *reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<T**>(obj) = mHead;
+        mHead = obj;
+    }
+
+    // Adds an already allocated block of memory to the allocator. This allocator is from now on
+    // responsible for freeing the data (with free()). If the provided data is not large enough to
+    // make use of, it is immediately freed. Otherwise it is reused and freed in the destructor.
+    void addOrFree(void* ptr, const size_t numBytes) noexcept {
+        // calculate number of available elements in ptr
+        if (numBytes < ALIGNMENT + ALIGNED_SIZE) {
+            // not enough data for at least one element. Free and return.
+            ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::free")
+            std::free(ptr);
+        } else {
+            ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("add to buffer")
+            add(ptr, numBytes);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void swap(BulkPoolAllocator<T, MinNumAllocs, MaxNumAllocs>& other) noexcept {
+        using std::swap;
+        swap(mHead, other.mHead);
+        swap(mListForFree, other.mListForFree);
+    }
+
+private:
+    // iterates the list of allocated memory to calculate how many to alloc next.
+    // Recalculating this each time saves us a size_t member.
+    // This ignores the fact that memory blocks might have been added manually with addOrFree. In
+    // practice, this should not matter much.
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) size_t calcNumElementsToAlloc() const noexcept {
+        auto tmp = mListForFree;
+        size_t numAllocs = MinNumAllocs;
+
+        while (numAllocs * 2 <= MaxNumAllocs && tmp) {
+            auto x = reinterpret_cast<T***>(tmp);
+            tmp = *x;
+            numAllocs *= 2;
+        }
+
+        return numAllocs;
+    }
+
+    // WARNING: Underflow if numBytes < ALIGNMENT! This is guarded in addOrFree().
+    void add(void* ptr, const size_t numBytes) noexcept {
+        const size_t numElements = (numBytes - ALIGNMENT) / ALIGNED_SIZE;
+
+        auto data = reinterpret_cast<T**>(ptr);
+
+        // link free list
+        auto x = reinterpret_cast<T***>(data);
+        *x = mListForFree;
+        mListForFree = data;
+
+        // create linked list for newly allocated data
+        auto* const headT =
+            reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<T*>(reinterpret_cast<char*>(ptr) + ALIGNMENT);
+
+        auto* const head = reinterpret_cast<char*>(headT);
+
+        // Visual Studio compiler automatically unrolls this loop, which is pretty cool
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numElements; ++i) {
+            *reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<char**>(head + i * ALIGNED_SIZE) =
+                head + (i + 1) * ALIGNED_SIZE;
+        }
+
+        // last one points to 0
+        *reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<T**>(head + (numElements - 1) * ALIGNED_SIZE) =
+            mHead;
+        mHead = headT;
+    }
+
+    // Called when no memory is available (mHead == 0).
+    // Don't inline this slow path.
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NOINLINE) T* performAllocation() {
+        size_t const numElementsToAlloc = calcNumElementsToAlloc();
+
+        // alloc new memory: [prev |T, T, ... T]
+        size_t const bytes = ALIGNMENT + ALIGNED_SIZE * numElementsToAlloc;
+        ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::malloc " << bytes << " = " << ALIGNMENT << " + " << ALIGNED_SIZE
+                                      << " * " << numElementsToAlloc)
+        add(assertNotNull<std::bad_alloc>(std::malloc(bytes)), bytes);
+        return mHead;
+    }
+
+    // enforce byte alignment of the T's
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(CXX) >= ROBIN_HOOD(CXX14)
+    static constexpr size_t ALIGNMENT =
+        (std::max)(std::alignment_of<T>::value, std::alignment_of<T*>::value);
+#else
+    static const size_t ALIGNMENT =
+        (ROBIN_HOOD_STD::alignment_of<T>::value > ROBIN_HOOD_STD::alignment_of<T*>::value)
+            ? ROBIN_HOOD_STD::alignment_of<T>::value
+            : +ROBIN_HOOD_STD::alignment_of<T*>::value; // the + is for walkarround
+#endif
+
+    static constexpr size_t ALIGNED_SIZE = ((sizeof(T) - 1) / ALIGNMENT + 1) * ALIGNMENT;
+
+    static_assert(MinNumAllocs >= 1, "MinNumAllocs");
+    static_assert(MaxNumAllocs >= MinNumAllocs, "MaxNumAllocs");
+    static_assert(ALIGNED_SIZE >= sizeof(T*), "ALIGNED_SIZE");
+    static_assert(0 == (ALIGNED_SIZE % sizeof(T*)), "ALIGNED_SIZE mod");
+    static_assert(ALIGNMENT >= sizeof(T*), "ALIGNMENT");
+
+    T* mHead{nullptr};
+    T** mListForFree{nullptr};
+};
+
+template <typename T, size_t MinSize, size_t MaxSize, bool IsFlat>
+struct NodeAllocator;
+
+// dummy allocator that does nothing
+template <typename T, size_t MinSize, size_t MaxSize>
+struct NodeAllocator<T, MinSize, MaxSize, true> {
+
+    // we are not using the data, so just free it.
+    void addOrFree(void* ptr, size_t ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(numBytes) /*unused*/) noexcept {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::free")
+        std::free(ptr);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T, size_t MinSize, size_t MaxSize>
+struct NodeAllocator<T, MinSize, MaxSize, false> : public BulkPoolAllocator<T, MinSize, MaxSize> {};
+
+// c++14 doesn't have is_nothrow_swappable, and clang++ 6.0.1 doesn't like it either, so I'm making
+// my own here.
+namespace swappable {
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(CXX) < ROBIN_HOOD(CXX17)
+using std::swap;
+template <typename T>
+struct nothrow {
+    static const bool value = noexcept(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<T&>()));
+};
+#else
+template <typename T>
+struct nothrow {
+    static const bool value = std::is_nothrow_swappable<T>::value;
+};
+#endif
+} // namespace swappable
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+struct is_transparent_tag {};
+
+// A custom pair implementation is used in the map because std::pair is not is_trivially_copyable,
+// which means it would  not be allowed to be used in std::memcpy. This struct is copyable, which is
+// also tested.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct pair {
+    using first_type = T1;
+    using second_type = T2;
+
+    template <typename U1 = T1, typename U2 = T2,
+              typename = typename std::enable_if<std::is_default_constructible<U1>::value &&
+                                                 std::is_default_constructible<U2>::value>::type>
+    constexpr pair() noexcept(noexcept(U1()) && noexcept(U2()))
+        : first()
+        , second() {}
+
+    // pair constructors are explicit so we don't accidentally call this ctor when we don't have to.
+    explicit constexpr pair(std::pair<T1, T2> const& o) noexcept(
+        noexcept(T1(std::declval<T1 const&>())) && noexcept(T2(std::declval<T2 const&>())))
+        : first(o.first)
+        , second(o.second) {}
+
+    // pair constructors are explicit so we don't accidentally call this ctor when we don't have to.
+    explicit constexpr pair(std::pair<T1, T2>&& o) noexcept(noexcept(
+        T1(std::move(std::declval<T1&&>()))) && noexcept(T2(std::move(std::declval<T2&&>()))))
+        : first(std::move(o.first))
+        , second(std::move(o.second)) {}
+
+    constexpr pair(T1&& a, T2&& b) noexcept(noexcept(
+        T1(std::move(std::declval<T1&&>()))) && noexcept(T2(std::move(std::declval<T2&&>()))))
+        : first(std::move(a))
+        , second(std::move(b)) {}
+
+    template <typename U1, typename U2>
+    constexpr pair(U1&& a, U2&& b) noexcept(noexcept(T1(std::forward<U1>(
+        std::declval<U1&&>()))) && noexcept(T2(std::forward<U2>(std::declval<U2&&>()))))
+        : first(std::forward<U1>(a))
+        , second(std::forward<U2>(b)) {}
+
+    template <typename... U1, typename... U2>
+    // MSVC 2015 produces error "C2476: ‘constexpr’ constructor does not initialize all members"
+    // if this constructor is constexpr
+#if !ROBIN_HOOD(BROKEN_CONSTEXPR)
+    constexpr
+#endif
+        pair(std::piecewise_construct_t /*unused*/, std::tuple<U1...> a,
+             std::tuple<U2...>
+                 b) noexcept(noexcept(pair(std::declval<std::tuple<U1...>&>(),
+                                           std::declval<std::tuple<U2...>&>(),
+                                           ROBIN_HOOD_STD::index_sequence_for<U1...>(),
+                                           ROBIN_HOOD_STD::index_sequence_for<U2...>())))
+        : pair(a, b, ROBIN_HOOD_STD::index_sequence_for<U1...>(),
+               ROBIN_HOOD_STD::index_sequence_for<U2...>()) {
+    }
+
+    // constructor called from the std::piecewise_construct_t ctor
+    template <typename... U1, size_t... I1, typename... U2, size_t... I2>
+    pair(std::tuple<U1...>& a, std::tuple<U2...>& b, ROBIN_HOOD_STD::index_sequence<I1...> /*unused*/, ROBIN_HOOD_STD::index_sequence<I2...> /*unused*/) noexcept(
+        noexcept(T1(std::forward<U1>(std::get<I1>(
+            std::declval<std::tuple<
+                U1...>&>()))...)) && noexcept(T2(std::
+                                                     forward<U2>(std::get<I2>(
+                                                         std::declval<std::tuple<U2...>&>()))...)))
+        : first(std::forward<U1>(std::get<I1>(a))...)
+        , second(std::forward<U2>(std::get<I2>(b))...) {
+        // make visual studio compiler happy about warning about unused a & b.
+        // Visual studio's pair implementation disables warning 4100.
+        (void)a;
+        (void)b;
+    }
+
+    void swap(pair<T1, T2>& o) noexcept((detail::swappable::nothrow<T1>::value) &&
+                                        (detail::swappable::nothrow<T2>::value)) {
+        using std::swap;
+        swap(first, o.first);
+        swap(second, o.second);
+    }
+
+    T1 first;  // NOLINT(misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes)
+    T2 second; // NOLINT(misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes)
+};
+
+template <typename A, typename B>
+inline void swap(pair<A, B>& a, pair<A, B>& b) noexcept(
+    noexcept(std::declval<pair<A, B>&>().swap(std::declval<pair<A, B>&>()))) {
+    a.swap(b);
+}
+
+template <typename A, typename B>
+inline constexpr bool operator==(pair<A, B> const& x, pair<A, B> const& y) {
+    return (x.first == y.first) && (x.second == y.second);
+}
+template <typename A, typename B>
+inline constexpr bool operator!=(pair<A, B> const& x, pair<A, B> const& y) {
+    return !(x == y);
+}
+template <typename A, typename B>
+inline constexpr bool operator<(pair<A, B> const& x, pair<A, B> const& y) noexcept(noexcept(
+    std::declval<A const&>() < std::declval<A const&>()) && noexcept(std::declval<B const&>() <
+                                                                     std::declval<B const&>())) {
+    return x.first < y.first || (!(y.first < x.first) && x.second < y.second);
+}
+template <typename A, typename B>
+inline constexpr bool operator>(pair<A, B> const& x, pair<A, B> const& y) {
+    return y < x;
+}
+template <typename A, typename B>
+inline constexpr bool operator<=(pair<A, B> const& x, pair<A, B> const& y) {
+    return !(x > y);
+}
+template <typename A, typename B>
+inline constexpr bool operator>=(pair<A, B> const& x, pair<A, B> const& y) {
+    return !(x < y);
+}
+
+inline size_t hash_bytes(void const* ptr, size_t len) noexcept {
+    static constexpr uint64_t m = UINT64_C(0xc6a4a7935bd1e995);
+    static constexpr uint64_t seed = UINT64_C(0xe17a1465);
+    static constexpr unsigned int r = 47;
+
+    auto const* const data64 = static_cast<uint64_t const*>(ptr);
+    uint64_t h = seed ^ (len * m);
+
+    size_t const n_blocks = len / 8;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < n_blocks; ++i) {
+        auto k = detail::unaligned_load<uint64_t>(data64 + i);
+
+        k *= m;
+        k ^= k >> r;
+        k *= m;
+
+        h ^= k;
+        h *= m;
+    }
+
+    auto const* const data8 = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t const*>(data64 + n_blocks);
+    switch (len & 7U) {
+    case 7:
+        h ^= static_cast<uint64_t>(data8[6]) << 48U;
+        ROBIN_HOOD(FALLTHROUGH); // FALLTHROUGH
+    case 6:
+        h ^= static_cast<uint64_t>(data8[5]) << 40U;
+        ROBIN_HOOD(FALLTHROUGH); // FALLTHROUGH
+    case 5:
+        h ^= static_cast<uint64_t>(data8[4]) << 32U;
+        ROBIN_HOOD(FALLTHROUGH); // FALLTHROUGH
+    case 4:
+        h ^= static_cast<uint64_t>(data8[3]) << 24U;
+        ROBIN_HOOD(FALLTHROUGH); // FALLTHROUGH
+    case 3:
+        h ^= static_cast<uint64_t>(data8[2]) << 16U;
+        ROBIN_HOOD(FALLTHROUGH); // FALLTHROUGH
+    case 2:
+        h ^= static_cast<uint64_t>(data8[1]) << 8U;
+        ROBIN_HOOD(FALLTHROUGH); // FALLTHROUGH
+    case 1:
+        h ^= static_cast<uint64_t>(data8[0]);
+        h *= m;
+        ROBIN_HOOD(FALLTHROUGH); // FALLTHROUGH
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+
+    h ^= h >> r;
+
+    // not doing the final step here, because this will be done by keyToIdx anyways
+    // h *= m;
+    // h ^= h >> r;
+    return static_cast<size_t>(h);
+}
+
+inline size_t hash_int(uint64_t x) noexcept {
+    // tried lots of different hashes, let's stick with murmurhash3. It's simple, fast, well tested,
+    // and doesn't need any special 128bit operations.
+    x ^= x >> 33U;
+    x *= UINT64_C(0xff51afd7ed558ccd);
+    x ^= x >> 33U;
+
+    // not doing the final step here, because this will be done by keyToIdx anyways
+    // x *= UINT64_C(0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53);
+    // x ^= x >> 33U;
+    return static_cast<size_t>(x);
+}
+
+// A thin wrapper around std::hash, performing an additional simple mixing step of the result.
+template <typename T, typename Enable = void>
+struct hash : public std::hash<T> {
+    size_t operator()(T const& obj) const
+        noexcept(noexcept(std::declval<std::hash<T>>().operator()(std::declval<T const&>()))) {
+        // call base hash
+        auto result = std::hash<T>::operator()(obj);
+        // return mixed of that, to be save against identity has
+        return hash_int(static_cast<detail::SizeT>(result));
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename CharT>
+struct hash<std::basic_string<CharT>> {
+    size_t operator()(std::basic_string<CharT> const& str) const noexcept {
+        return hash_bytes(str.data(), sizeof(CharT) * str.size());
+    }
+};
+
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(CXX) >= ROBIN_HOOD(CXX17)
+template <typename CharT>
+struct hash<std::basic_string_view<CharT>> {
+    size_t operator()(std::basic_string_view<CharT> const& sv) const noexcept {
+        return hash_bytes(sv.data(), sizeof(CharT) * sv.size());
+    }
+};
+#endif
+
+template <class T>
+struct hash<T*> {
+    size_t operator()(T* ptr) const noexcept {
+        return hash_int(reinterpret_cast<detail::SizeT>(ptr));
+    }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct hash<std::unique_ptr<T>> {
+    size_t operator()(std::unique_ptr<T> const& ptr) const noexcept {
+        return hash_int(reinterpret_cast<detail::SizeT>(ptr.get()));
+    }
+};
+
+template <class T>
+struct hash<std::shared_ptr<T>> {
+    size_t operator()(std::shared_ptr<T> const& ptr) const noexcept {
+        return hash_int(reinterpret_cast<detail::SizeT>(ptr.get()));
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename Enum>
+struct hash<Enum, typename std::enable_if<std::is_enum<Enum>::value>::type> {
+    size_t operator()(Enum e) const noexcept {
+        using Underlying = typename std::underlying_type<Enum>::type;
+        return hash<Underlying>{}(static_cast<Underlying>(e));
+    }
+};
+
+#define ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(T)                           \
+    template <>                                          \
+    struct hash<T> {                                     \
+        size_t operator()(T const& obj) const noexcept { \
+            return hash_int(static_cast<uint64_t>(obj)); \
+        }                                                \
+    }
+
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic push
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wuseless-cast"
+#endif
+// see https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/utility/hash
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(bool);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(char);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(signed char);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(unsigned char);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(char16_t);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(char32_t);
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(HAS_NATIVE_WCHART)
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(wchar_t);
+#endif
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(short);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(unsigned short);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(int);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(unsigned int);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(long);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(long long);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(unsigned long);
+ROBIN_HOOD_HASH_INT(unsigned long long);
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
+#    pragma GCC diagnostic pop
+#endif
+namespace detail {
+
+template <typename T>
+struct void_type {
+    using type = void;
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename = void>
+struct has_is_transparent : public std::false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct has_is_transparent<T, typename void_type<typename T::is_transparent>::type>
+    : public std::true_type {};
+
+// using wrapper classes for hash and key_equal prevents the diamond problem when the same type
+// is used. see https://stackoverflow.com/a/28771920/48181
+template <typename T>
+struct WrapHash : public T {
+    WrapHash() = default;
+    explicit WrapHash(T const& o) noexcept(noexcept(T(std::declval<T const&>())))
+        : T(o) {}
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct WrapKeyEqual : public T {
+    WrapKeyEqual() = default;
+    explicit WrapKeyEqual(T const& o) noexcept(noexcept(T(std::declval<T const&>())))
+        : T(o) {}
+};
+
+// A highly optimized hashmap implementation, using the Robin Hood algorithm.
+//
+// In most cases, this map should be usable as a drop-in replacement for std::unordered_map, but
+// be about 2x faster in most cases and require much less allocations.
+//
+// This implementation uses the following memory layout:
+//
+// [Node, Node, ... Node | info, info, ... infoSentinel ]
+//
+// * Node: either a DataNode that directly has the std::pair<key, val> as member,
+//   or a DataNode with a pointer to std::pair<key,val>. Which DataNode representation to use
+//   depends on how fast the swap() operation is. Heuristically, this is automatically choosen
+//   based on sizeof(). there are always 2^n Nodes.
+//
+// * info: Each Node in the map has a corresponding info byte, so there are 2^n info bytes.
+//   Each byte is initialized to 0, meaning the corresponding Node is empty. Set to 1 means the
+//   corresponding node contains data. Set to 2 means the corresponding Node is filled, but it
+//   actually belongs to the previous position and was pushed out because that place is already
+//   taken.
+//
+// * infoSentinel: Sentinel byte set to 1, so that iterator's ++ can stop at end() without the
+//   need for a idx variable.
+//
+// According to STL, order of templates has effect on throughput. That's why I've moved the
+// boolean to the front.
+// https://www.reddit.com/r/cpp/comments/ahp6iu/compile_time_binary_size_reductions_and_cs_future/eeguck4/
+template <bool IsFlat, size_t MaxLoadFactor100, typename Key, typename T, typename Hash,
+          typename KeyEqual>
+class Table
+    : public WrapHash<Hash>,
+      public WrapKeyEqual<KeyEqual>,
+      detail::NodeAllocator<
+          typename std::conditional<
+              std::is_void<T>::value, Key,
+              robin_hood::pair<typename std::conditional<IsFlat, Key, Key const>::type, T>>::type,
+          4, 16384, IsFlat> {
+public:
+    static constexpr bool is_flat = IsFlat;
+    static constexpr bool is_map = !std::is_void<T>::value;
+    static constexpr bool is_set = !is_map;
+    static constexpr bool is_transparent =
+        has_is_transparent<Hash>::value && has_is_transparent<KeyEqual>::value;
+
+    using key_type = Key;
+    using mapped_type = T;
+    using value_type = typename std::conditional<
+        is_set, Key,
+        robin_hood::pair<typename std::conditional<is_flat, Key, Key const>::type, T>>::type;
+    using size_type = size_t;
+    using hasher = Hash;
+    using key_equal = KeyEqual;
+    using Self = Table<IsFlat, MaxLoadFactor100, key_type, mapped_type, hasher, key_equal>;
+
+private:
+    static_assert(MaxLoadFactor100 > 10 && MaxLoadFactor100 < 100,
+                  "MaxLoadFactor100 needs to be >10 && < 100");
+
+    using WHash = WrapHash<Hash>;
+    using WKeyEqual = WrapKeyEqual<KeyEqual>;
+
+    // configuration defaults
+
+    // make sure we have 8 elements, needed to quickly rehash mInfo
+    static constexpr size_t InitialNumElements = sizeof(uint64_t);
+    static constexpr uint32_t InitialInfoNumBits = 5;
+    static constexpr uint8_t InitialInfoInc = 1U << InitialInfoNumBits;
+    static constexpr size_t InfoMask = InitialInfoInc - 1U;
+    static constexpr uint8_t InitialInfoHashShift = 0;
+    using DataPool = detail::NodeAllocator<value_type, 4, 16384, IsFlat>;
+
+    // type needs to be wider than uint8_t.
+    using InfoType = uint32_t;
+
+    // DataNode ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    // Primary template for the data node. We have special implementations for small and big
+    // objects. For large objects it is assumed that swap() is fairly slow, so we allocate these
+    // on the heap so swap merely swaps a pointer.
+    template <typename M, bool>
+    class DataNode {};
+
+    // Small: just allocate on the stack.
+    template <typename M>
+    class DataNode<M, true> final {
+    public:
+        template <typename... Args>
+        explicit DataNode(M& ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(map) /*unused*/, Args&&... args) noexcept(
+            noexcept(value_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...)))
+            : mData(std::forward<Args>(args)...) {}
+
+        DataNode(M& ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(map) /*unused*/, DataNode<M, true>&& n) noexcept(
+            std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<value_type>::value)
+            : mData(std::move(n.mData)) {}
+
+        // doesn't do anything
+        void destroy(M& ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(map) /*unused*/) noexcept {}
+        void destroyDoNotDeallocate() noexcept {}
+
+        value_type const* operator->() const noexcept {
+            return &mData;
+        }
+        value_type* operator->() noexcept {
+            return &mData;
+        }
+
+        const value_type& operator*() const noexcept {
+            return mData;
+        }
+
+        value_type& operator*() noexcept {
+            return mData;
+        }
+
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_map, typename VT::first_type&>::type getFirst() noexcept {
+            return mData.first;
+        }
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_set, VT&>::type getFirst() noexcept {
+            return mData;
+        }
+
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_map, typename VT::first_type const&>::type
+            getFirst() const noexcept {
+            return mData.first;
+        }
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_set, VT const&>::type getFirst() const noexcept {
+            return mData;
+        }
+
+        template <typename MT = mapped_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_map, MT&>::type getSecond() noexcept {
+            return mData.second;
+        }
+
+        template <typename MT = mapped_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_set, MT const&>::type getSecond() const noexcept {
+            return mData.second;
+        }
+
+        void swap(DataNode<M, true>& o) noexcept(
+            noexcept(std::declval<value_type>().swap(std::declval<value_type>()))) {
+            mData.swap(o.mData);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        value_type mData;
+    };
+
+    // big object: allocate on heap.
+    template <typename M>
+    class DataNode<M, false> {
+    public:
+        template <typename... Args>
+        explicit DataNode(M& map, Args&&... args)
+            : mData(map.allocate()) {
+            ::new (static_cast<void*>(mData)) value_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+        }
+
+        DataNode(M& ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(map) /*unused*/, DataNode<M, false>&& n) noexcept
+            : mData(std::move(n.mData)) {}
+
+        void destroy(M& map) noexcept {
+            // don't deallocate, just put it into list of datapool.
+            mData->~value_type();
+            map.deallocate(mData);
+        }
+
+        void destroyDoNotDeallocate() noexcept {
+            mData->~value_type();
+        }
+
+        value_type const* operator->() const noexcept {
+            return mData;
+        }
+
+        value_type* operator->() noexcept {
+            return mData;
+        }
+
+        const value_type& operator*() const {
+            return *mData;
+        }
+
+        value_type& operator*() {
+            return *mData;
+        }
+
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_map, typename VT::first_type&>::type getFirst() noexcept {
+            return mData->first;
+        }
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_set, VT&>::type getFirst() noexcept {
+            return *mData;
+        }
+
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_map, typename VT::first_type const&>::type
+            getFirst() const noexcept {
+            return mData->first;
+        }
+        template <typename VT = value_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_set, VT const&>::type getFirst() const noexcept {
+            return *mData;
+        }
+
+        template <typename MT = mapped_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_map, MT&>::type getSecond() noexcept {
+            return mData->second;
+        }
+
+        template <typename MT = mapped_type>
+        ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+        typename std::enable_if<is_map, MT const&>::type getSecond() const noexcept {
+            return mData->second;
+        }
+
+        void swap(DataNode<M, false>& o) noexcept {
+            using std::swap;
+            swap(mData, o.mData);
+        }
+
+    private:
+        value_type* mData;
+    };
+
+    using Node = DataNode<Self, IsFlat>;
+
+    // helpers for insertKeyPrepareEmptySpot: extract first entry (only const required)
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) key_type const& getFirstConst(Node const& n) const noexcept {
+        return n.getFirst();
+    }
+
+    // in case we have void mapped_type, we are not using a pair, thus we just route k through.
+    // No need to disable this because it's just not used if not applicable.
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) key_type const& getFirstConst(key_type const& k) const noexcept {
+        return k;
+    }
+
+    // in case we have non-void mapped_type, we have a standard robin_hood::pair
+    template <typename Q = mapped_type>
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<Q>::value, key_type const&>::type
+        getFirstConst(value_type const& vt) const noexcept {
+        return vt.first;
+    }
+
+    // Cloner //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    template <typename M, bool UseMemcpy>
+    struct Cloner;
+
+    // fast path: Just copy data, without allocating anything.
+    template <typename M>
+    struct Cloner<M, true> {
+        void operator()(M const& source, M& target) const {
+            auto const* const src = reinterpret_cast<char const*>(source.mKeyVals);
+            auto* tgt = reinterpret_cast<char*>(target.mKeyVals);
+            auto const numElementsWithBuffer = target.calcNumElementsWithBuffer(target.mMask + 1);
+            std::copy(src, src + target.calcNumBytesTotal(numElementsWithBuffer), tgt);
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename M>
+    struct Cloner<M, false> {
+        void operator()(M const& s, M& t) const {
+            auto const numElementsWithBuffer = t.calcNumElementsWithBuffer(t.mMask + 1);
+            std::copy(s.mInfo, s.mInfo + t.calcNumBytesInfo(numElementsWithBuffer), t.mInfo);
+
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < numElementsWithBuffer; ++i) {
+                if (t.mInfo[i]) {
+                    ::new (static_cast<void*>(t.mKeyVals + i)) Node(t, *s.mKeyVals[i]);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Destroyer ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    template <typename M, bool IsFlatAndTrivial>
+    struct Destroyer {};
+
+    template <typename M>
+    struct Destroyer<M, true> {
+        void nodes(M& m) const noexcept {
+            m.mNumElements = 0;
+        }
+
+        void nodesDoNotDeallocate(M& m) const noexcept {
+            m.mNumElements = 0;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template <typename M>
+    struct Destroyer<M, false> {
+        void nodes(M& m) const noexcept {
+            m.mNumElements = 0;
+            // clear also resets mInfo to 0, that's sometimes not necessary.
+            auto const numElementsWithBuffer = m.calcNumElementsWithBuffer(m.mMask + 1);
+
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < numElementsWithBuffer; ++idx) {
+                if (0 != m.mInfo[idx]) {
+                    Node& n = m.mKeyVals[idx];
+                    n.destroy(m);
+                    n.~Node();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void nodesDoNotDeallocate(M& m) const noexcept {
+            m.mNumElements = 0;
+            // clear also resets mInfo to 0, that's sometimes not necessary.
+            auto const numElementsWithBuffer = m.calcNumElementsWithBuffer(m.mMask + 1);
+            for (size_t idx = 0; idx < numElementsWithBuffer; ++idx) {
+                if (0 != m.mInfo[idx]) {
+                    Node& n = m.mKeyVals[idx];
+                    n.destroyDoNotDeallocate();
+                    n.~Node();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    // Iter ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    struct fast_forward_tag {};
+
+    // generic iterator for both const_iterator and iterator.
+    template <bool IsConst>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-special-member-functions,cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions)
+    class Iter {
+    private:
+        using NodePtr = typename std::conditional<IsConst, Node const*, Node*>::type;
+
+    public:
+        using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+        using value_type = typename Self::value_type;
+        using reference = typename std::conditional<IsConst, value_type const&, value_type&>::type;
+        using pointer = typename std::conditional<IsConst, value_type const*, value_type*>::type;
+        using iterator_category = std::forward_iterator_tag;
+
+        // default constructed iterator can be compared to itself, but WON'T return true when
+        // compared to end().
+        Iter() = default;
+
+        // Rule of zero: nothing specified. The conversion constructor is only enabled for
+        // iterator to const_iterator, so it doesn't accidentally work as a copy ctor.
+
+        // Conversion constructor from iterator to const_iterator.
+        template <bool OtherIsConst,
+                  typename = typename std::enable_if<IsConst && !OtherIsConst>::type>
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(hicpp-explicit-conversions)
+        Iter(Iter<OtherIsConst> const& other) noexcept
+            : mKeyVals(other.mKeyVals)
+            , mInfo(other.mInfo) {}
+
+        Iter(NodePtr valPtr, uint8_t const* infoPtr) noexcept
+            : mKeyVals(valPtr)
+            , mInfo(infoPtr) {}
+
+        Iter(NodePtr valPtr, uint8_t const* infoPtr,
+             fast_forward_tag ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(tag) /*unused*/) noexcept
+            : mKeyVals(valPtr)
+            , mInfo(infoPtr) {
+            fastForward();
+        }
+
+        template <bool OtherIsConst,
+                  typename = typename std::enable_if<IsConst && !OtherIsConst>::type>
+        Iter& operator=(Iter<OtherIsConst> const& other) noexcept {
+            mKeyVals = other.mKeyVals;
+            mInfo = other.mInfo;
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        // prefix increment. Undefined behavior if we are at end()!
+        Iter& operator++() noexcept {
+            mInfo++;
+            mKeyVals++;
+            fastForward();
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        Iter operator++(int) noexcept {
+            Iter tmp = *this;
+            ++(*this);
+            return tmp;
+        }
+
+        reference operator*() const {
+            return **mKeyVals;
+        }
+
+        pointer operator->() const {
+            return &**mKeyVals;
+        }
+
+        template <bool O>
+        bool operator==(Iter<O> const& o) const noexcept {
+            return mKeyVals == o.mKeyVals;
+        }
+
+        template <bool O>
+        bool operator!=(Iter<O> const& o) const noexcept {
+            return mKeyVals != o.mKeyVals;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        // fast forward to the next non-free info byte
+        // I've tried a few variants that don't depend on intrinsics, but unfortunately they are
+        // quite a bit slower than this one. So I've reverted that change again. See map_benchmark.
+        void fastForward() noexcept {
+            size_t n = 0;
+            while (0U == (n = detail::unaligned_load<size_t>(mInfo))) {
+                mInfo += sizeof(size_t);
+                mKeyVals += sizeof(size_t);
+            }
+#if defined(ROBIN_HOOD_DISABLE_INTRINSICS)
+            // we know for certain that within the next 8 bytes we'll find a non-zero one.
+            if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(0U == detail::unaligned_load<uint32_t>(mInfo))) {
+                mInfo += 4;
+                mKeyVals += 4;
+            }
+            if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(0U == detail::unaligned_load<uint16_t>(mInfo))) {
+                mInfo += 2;
+                mKeyVals += 2;
+            }
+            if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(0U == *mInfo)) {
+                mInfo += 1;
+                mKeyVals += 1;
+            }
+#else
+#    if ROBIN_HOOD(LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+            auto inc = ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT_TRAILING_ZEROES(n) / 8;
+#    else
+            auto inc = ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT_LEADING_ZEROES(n) / 8;
+#    endif
+            mInfo += inc;
+            mKeyVals += inc;
+#endif
+        }
+
+        friend class Table<IsFlat, MaxLoadFactor100, key_type, mapped_type, hasher, key_equal>;
+        NodePtr mKeyVals{nullptr};
+        uint8_t const* mInfo{nullptr};
+    };
+
+    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+
+    // highly performance relevant code.
+    // Lower bits are used for indexing into the array (2^n size)
+    // The upper 1-5 bits need to be a reasonable good hash, to save comparisons.
+    template <typename HashKey>
+    void keyToIdx(HashKey&& key, size_t* idx, InfoType* info) const {
+        // In addition to whatever hash is used, add another mul & shift so we get better hashing.
+        // This serves as a bad hash prevention, if the given data is
+        // badly mixed.
+        auto h = static_cast<uint64_t>(WHash::operator()(key));
+
+        h *= mHashMultiplier;
+        h ^= h >> 33U;
+
+        // the lower InitialInfoNumBits are reserved for info.
+        *info = mInfoInc + static_cast<InfoType>((h & InfoMask) >> mInfoHashShift);
+        *idx = (static_cast<size_t>(h) >> InitialInfoNumBits) & mMask;
+    }
+
+    // forwards the index by one, wrapping around at the end
+    void next(InfoType* info, size_t* idx) const noexcept {
+        *idx = *idx + 1;
+        *info += mInfoInc;
+    }
+
+    void nextWhileLess(InfoType* info, size_t* idx) const noexcept {
+        // unrolling this by hand did not bring any speedups.
+        while (*info < mInfo[*idx]) {
+            next(info, idx);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Shift everything up by one element. Tries to move stuff around.
+    void
+    shiftUp(size_t startIdx,
+            size_t const insertion_idx) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<Node>::value) {
+        auto idx = startIdx;
+        ::new (static_cast<void*>(mKeyVals + idx)) Node(std::move(mKeyVals[idx - 1]));
+        while (--idx != insertion_idx) {
+            mKeyVals[idx] = std::move(mKeyVals[idx - 1]);
+        }
+
+        idx = startIdx;
+        while (idx != insertion_idx) {
+            ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT(shiftUp)
+            mInfo[idx] = static_cast<uint8_t>(mInfo[idx - 1] + mInfoInc);
+            if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(mInfo[idx] + mInfoInc > 0xFF)) {
+                mMaxNumElementsAllowed = 0;
+            }
+            --idx;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void shiftDown(size_t idx) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<Node>::value) {
+        // until we find one that is either empty or has zero offset.
+        // TODO(martinus) we don't need to move everything, just the last one for the same
+        // bucket.
+        mKeyVals[idx].destroy(*this);
+
+        // until we find one that is either empty or has zero offset.
+        while (mInfo[idx + 1] >= 2 * mInfoInc) {
+            ROBIN_HOOD_COUNT(shiftDown)
+            mInfo[idx] = static_cast<uint8_t>(mInfo[idx + 1] - mInfoInc);
+            mKeyVals[idx] = std::move(mKeyVals[idx + 1]);
+            ++idx;
+        }
+
+        mInfo[idx] = 0;
+        // don't destroy, we've moved it
+        // mKeyVals[idx].destroy(*this);
+        mKeyVals[idx].~Node();
+    }
+
+    // copy of find(), except that it returns iterator instead of const_iterator.
+    template <typename Other>
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+    size_t findIdx(Other const& key) const {
+        size_t idx{};
+        InfoType info{};
+        keyToIdx(key, &idx, &info);
+
+        do {
+            // unrolling this twice gives a bit of a speedup. More unrolling did not help.
+            if (info == mInfo[idx] &&
+                ROBIN_HOOD_LIKELY(WKeyEqual::operator()(key, mKeyVals[idx].getFirst()))) {
+                return idx;
+            }
+            next(&info, &idx);
+            if (info == mInfo[idx] &&
+                ROBIN_HOOD_LIKELY(WKeyEqual::operator()(key, mKeyVals[idx].getFirst()))) {
+                return idx;
+            }
+            next(&info, &idx);
+        } while (info <= mInfo[idx]);
+
+        // nothing found!
+        return mMask == 0 ? 0
+                          : static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(
+                                mKeyVals, reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(mInfo)));
+    }
+
+    void cloneData(const Table& o) {
+        Cloner<Table, IsFlat && ROBIN_HOOD_IS_TRIVIALLY_COPYABLE(Node)>()(o, *this);
+    }
+
+    // inserts a keyval that is guaranteed to be new, e.g. when the hashmap is resized.
+    // @return True on success, false if something went wrong
+    void insert_move(Node&& keyval) {
+        // we don't retry, fail if overflowing
+        // don't need to check max num elements
+        if (0 == mMaxNumElementsAllowed && !try_increase_info()) {
+            throwOverflowError();
+        }
+
+        size_t idx{};
+        InfoType info{};
+        keyToIdx(keyval.getFirst(), &idx, &info);
+
+        // skip forward. Use <= because we are certain that the element is not there.
+        while (info <= mInfo[idx]) {
+            idx = idx + 1;
+            info += mInfoInc;
+        }
+
+        // key not found, so we are now exactly where we want to insert it.
+        auto const insertion_idx = idx;
+        auto const insertion_info = static_cast<uint8_t>(info);
+        if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(insertion_info + mInfoInc > 0xFF)) {
+            mMaxNumElementsAllowed = 0;
+        }
+
+        // find an empty spot
+        while (0 != mInfo[idx]) {
+            next(&info, &idx);
+        }
+
+        auto& l = mKeyVals[insertion_idx];
+        if (idx == insertion_idx) {
+            ::new (static_cast<void*>(&l)) Node(std::move(keyval));
+        } else {
+            shiftUp(idx, insertion_idx);
+            l = std::move(keyval);
+        }
+
+        // put at empty spot
+        mInfo[insertion_idx] = insertion_info;
+
+        ++mNumElements;
+    }
+
+public:
+    using iterator = Iter<false>;
+    using const_iterator = Iter<true>;
+
+    Table() noexcept(noexcept(Hash()) && noexcept(KeyEqual()))
+        : WHash()
+        , WKeyEqual() {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+    }
+
+    // Creates an empty hash map. Nothing is allocated yet, this happens at the first insert.
+    // This tremendously speeds up ctor & dtor of a map that never receives an element. The
+    // penalty is payed at the first insert, and not before. Lookup of this empty map works
+    // because everybody points to DummyInfoByte::b. parameter bucket_count is dictated by the
+    // standard, but we can ignore it.
+    explicit Table(
+        size_t ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(bucket_count) /*unused*/, const Hash& h = Hash{},
+        const KeyEqual& equal = KeyEqual{}) noexcept(noexcept(Hash(h)) && noexcept(KeyEqual(equal)))
+        : WHash(h)
+        , WKeyEqual(equal) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+    }
+
+    template <typename Iter>
+    Table(Iter first, Iter last, size_t ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(bucket_count) /*unused*/ = 0,
+          const Hash& h = Hash{}, const KeyEqual& equal = KeyEqual{})
+        : WHash(h)
+        , WKeyEqual(equal) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        insert(first, last);
+    }
+
+    Table(std::initializer_list<value_type> initlist,
+          size_t ROBIN_HOOD_UNUSED(bucket_count) /*unused*/ = 0, const Hash& h = Hash{},
+          const KeyEqual& equal = KeyEqual{})
+        : WHash(h)
+        , WKeyEqual(equal) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        insert(initlist.begin(), initlist.end());
+    }
+
+    Table(Table&& o) noexcept
+        : WHash(std::move(static_cast<WHash&>(o)))
+        , WKeyEqual(std::move(static_cast<WKeyEqual&>(o)))
+        , DataPool(std::move(static_cast<DataPool&>(o))) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (o.mMask) {
+            mHashMultiplier = std::move(o.mHashMultiplier);
+            mKeyVals = std::move(o.mKeyVals);
+            mInfo = std::move(o.mInfo);
+            mNumElements = std::move(o.mNumElements);
+            mMask = std::move(o.mMask);
+            mMaxNumElementsAllowed = std::move(o.mMaxNumElementsAllowed);
+            mInfoInc = std::move(o.mInfoInc);
+            mInfoHashShift = std::move(o.mInfoHashShift);
+            // set other's mask to 0 so its destructor won't do anything
+            o.init();
+        }
+    }
+
+    Table& operator=(Table&& o) noexcept {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (&o != this) {
+            if (o.mMask) {
+                // only move stuff if the other map actually has some data
+                destroy();
+                mHashMultiplier = std::move(o.mHashMultiplier);
+                mKeyVals = std::move(o.mKeyVals);
+                mInfo = std::move(o.mInfo);
+                mNumElements = std::move(o.mNumElements);
+                mMask = std::move(o.mMask);
+                mMaxNumElementsAllowed = std::move(o.mMaxNumElementsAllowed);
+                mInfoInc = std::move(o.mInfoInc);
+                mInfoHashShift = std::move(o.mInfoHashShift);
+                WHash::operator=(std::move(static_cast<WHash&>(o)));
+                WKeyEqual::operator=(std::move(static_cast<WKeyEqual&>(o)));
+                DataPool::operator=(std::move(static_cast<DataPool&>(o)));
+
+                o.init();
+
+            } else {
+                // nothing in the other map => just clear us.
+                clear();
+            }
+        }
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    Table(const Table& o)
+        : WHash(static_cast<const WHash&>(o))
+        , WKeyEqual(static_cast<const WKeyEqual&>(o))
+        , DataPool(static_cast<const DataPool&>(o)) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (!o.empty()) {
+            // not empty: create an exact copy. it is also possible to just iterate through all
+            // elements and insert them, but copying is probably faster.
+
+            auto const numElementsWithBuffer = calcNumElementsWithBuffer(o.mMask + 1);
+            auto const numBytesTotal = calcNumBytesTotal(numElementsWithBuffer);
+
+            ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::malloc " << numBytesTotal << " = calcNumBytesTotal("
+                                          << numElementsWithBuffer << ")")
+            mHashMultiplier = o.mHashMultiplier;
+            mKeyVals = static_cast<Node*>(
+                detail::assertNotNull<std::bad_alloc>(std::malloc(numBytesTotal)));
+            // no need for calloc because clonData does memcpy
+            mInfo = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(mKeyVals + numElementsWithBuffer);
+            mNumElements = o.mNumElements;
+            mMask = o.mMask;
+            mMaxNumElementsAllowed = o.mMaxNumElementsAllowed;
+            mInfoInc = o.mInfoInc;
+            mInfoHashShift = o.mInfoHashShift;
+            cloneData(o);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Creates a copy of the given map. Copy constructor of each entry is used.
+    // Not sure why clang-tidy thinks this doesn't handle self assignment, it does
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(bugprone-unhandled-self-assignment,cert-oop54-cpp)
+    Table& operator=(Table const& o) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (&o == this) {
+            // prevent assigning of itself
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        // we keep using the old allocator and not assign the new one, because we want to keep
+        // the memory available. when it is the same size.
+        if (o.empty()) {
+            if (0 == mMask) {
+                // nothing to do, we are empty too
+                return *this;
+            }
+
+            // not empty: destroy what we have there
+            // clear also resets mInfo to 0, that's sometimes not necessary.
+            destroy();
+            init();
+            WHash::operator=(static_cast<const WHash&>(o));
+            WKeyEqual::operator=(static_cast<const WKeyEqual&>(o));
+            DataPool::operator=(static_cast<DataPool const&>(o));
+
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        // clean up old stuff
+        Destroyer<Self, IsFlat && std::is_trivially_destructible<Node>::value>{}.nodes(*this);
+
+        if (mMask != o.mMask) {
+            // no luck: we don't have the same array size allocated, so we need to realloc.
+            if (0 != mMask) {
+                // only deallocate if we actually have data!
+                ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::free")
+                std::free(mKeyVals);
+            }
+
+            auto const numElementsWithBuffer = calcNumElementsWithBuffer(o.mMask + 1);
+            auto const numBytesTotal = calcNumBytesTotal(numElementsWithBuffer);
+            ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::malloc " << numBytesTotal << " = calcNumBytesTotal("
+                                          << numElementsWithBuffer << ")")
+            mKeyVals = static_cast<Node*>(
+                detail::assertNotNull<std::bad_alloc>(std::malloc(numBytesTotal)));
+
+            // no need for calloc here because cloneData performs a memcpy.
+            mInfo = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(mKeyVals + numElementsWithBuffer);
+            // sentinel is set in cloneData
+        }
+        WHash::operator=(static_cast<const WHash&>(o));
+        WKeyEqual::operator=(static_cast<const WKeyEqual&>(o));
+        DataPool::operator=(static_cast<DataPool const&>(o));
+        mHashMultiplier = o.mHashMultiplier;
+        mNumElements = o.mNumElements;
+        mMask = o.mMask;
+        mMaxNumElementsAllowed = o.mMaxNumElementsAllowed;
+        mInfoInc = o.mInfoInc;
+        mInfoHashShift = o.mInfoHashShift;
+        cloneData(o);
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    // Swaps everything between the two maps.
+    void swap(Table& o) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        using std::swap;
+        swap(o, *this);
+    }
+
+    // Clears all data, without resizing.
+    void clear() {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (empty()) {
+            // don't do anything! also important because we don't want to write to
+            // DummyInfoByte::b, even though we would just write 0 to it.
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Destroyer<Self, IsFlat && std::is_trivially_destructible<Node>::value>{}.nodes(*this);
+
+        auto const numElementsWithBuffer = calcNumElementsWithBuffer(mMask + 1);
+        // clear everything, then set the sentinel again
+        uint8_t const z = 0;
+        std::fill(mInfo, mInfo + calcNumBytesInfo(numElementsWithBuffer), z);
+        mInfo[numElementsWithBuffer] = 1;
+
+        mInfoInc = InitialInfoInc;
+        mInfoHashShift = InitialInfoHashShift;
+    }
+
+    // Destroys the map and all it's contents.
+    ~Table() {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        destroy();
+    }
+
+    // Checks if both tables contain the same entries. Order is irrelevant.
+    bool operator==(const Table& other) const {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (other.size() != size()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (auto const& otherEntry : other) {
+            if (!has(otherEntry)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool operator!=(const Table& other) const {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return !operator==(other);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Q = mapped_type>
+    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<Q>::value, Q&>::type operator[](const key_type& key) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto idxAndState = insertKeyPrepareEmptySpot(key);
+        switch (idxAndState.second) {
+        case InsertionState::key_found:
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::new_node:
+            ::new (static_cast<void*>(&mKeyVals[idxAndState.first]))
+                Node(*this, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(key),
+                     std::forward_as_tuple());
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overwrite_node:
+            mKeyVals[idxAndState.first] = Node(*this, std::piecewise_construct,
+                                               std::forward_as_tuple(key), std::forward_as_tuple());
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overflow_error:
+            throwOverflowError();
+        }
+
+        return mKeyVals[idxAndState.first].getSecond();
+    }
+
+    template <typename Q = mapped_type>
+    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<Q>::value, Q&>::type operator[](key_type&& key) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto idxAndState = insertKeyPrepareEmptySpot(key);
+        switch (idxAndState.second) {
+        case InsertionState::key_found:
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::new_node:
+            ::new (static_cast<void*>(&mKeyVals[idxAndState.first]))
+                Node(*this, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(key)),
+                     std::forward_as_tuple());
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overwrite_node:
+            mKeyVals[idxAndState.first] =
+                Node(*this, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::move(key)),
+                     std::forward_as_tuple());
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overflow_error:
+            throwOverflowError();
+        }
+
+        return mKeyVals[idxAndState.first].getSecond();
+    }
+
+    template <typename Iter>
+    void insert(Iter first, Iter last) {
+        for (; first != last; ++first) {
+            // value_type ctor needed because this might be called with std::pair's
+            insert(value_type(*first));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void insert(std::initializer_list<value_type> ilist) {
+        for (auto&& vt : ilist) {
+            insert(std::move(vt));
+        }
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> emplace(Args&&... args) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        Node n{*this, std::forward<Args>(args)...};
+        auto idxAndState = insertKeyPrepareEmptySpot(getFirstConst(n));
+        switch (idxAndState.second) {
+        case InsertionState::key_found:
+            n.destroy(*this);
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::new_node:
+            ::new (static_cast<void*>(&mKeyVals[idxAndState.first])) Node(*this, std::move(n));
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overwrite_node:
+            mKeyVals[idxAndState.first] = std::move(n);
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overflow_error:
+            n.destroy(*this);
+            throwOverflowError();
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return std::make_pair(iterator(mKeyVals + idxAndState.first, mInfo + idxAndState.first),
+                              InsertionState::key_found != idxAndState.second);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(const key_type& key, Args&&... args) {
+        return try_emplace_impl(key, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(key_type&& key, Args&&... args) {
+        return try_emplace_impl(std::move(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(const_iterator hint, const key_type& key,
+                                          Args&&... args) {
+        (void)hint;
+        return try_emplace_impl(key, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace(const_iterator hint, key_type&& key, Args&&... args) {
+        (void)hint;
+        return try_emplace_impl(std::move(key), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    }
+
+    template <typename Mapped>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const key_type& key, Mapped&& obj) {
+        return insertOrAssignImpl(key, std::forward<Mapped>(obj));
+    }
+
+    template <typename Mapped>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(key_type&& key, Mapped&& obj) {
+        return insertOrAssignImpl(std::move(key), std::forward<Mapped>(obj));
+    }
+
+    template <typename Mapped>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const_iterator hint, const key_type& key,
+                                               Mapped&& obj) {
+        (void)hint;
+        return insertOrAssignImpl(key, std::forward<Mapped>(obj));
+    }
+
+    template <typename Mapped>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert_or_assign(const_iterator hint, key_type&& key, Mapped&& obj) {
+        (void)hint;
+        return insertOrAssignImpl(std::move(key), std::forward<Mapped>(obj));
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(const value_type& keyval) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return emplace(keyval);
+    }
+
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insert(value_type&& keyval) {
+        return emplace(std::move(keyval));
+    }
+
+    // Returns 1 if key is found, 0 otherwise.
+    size_t count(const key_type& key) const { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto kv = mKeyVals + findIdx(key);
+        if (kv != reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(mInfo)) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey, typename Self_ = Self>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+    typename std::enable_if<Self_::is_transparent, size_t>::type count(const OtherKey& key) const {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto kv = mKeyVals + findIdx(key);
+        if (kv != reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(mInfo)) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool contains(const key_type& key) const { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        return 1U == count(key);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey, typename Self_ = Self>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+    typename std::enable_if<Self_::is_transparent, bool>::type contains(const OtherKey& key) const {
+        return 1U == count(key);
+    }
+
+    // Returns a reference to the value found for key.
+    // Throws std::out_of_range if element cannot be found
+    template <typename Q = mapped_type>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<Q>::value, Q&>::type at(key_type const& key) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto kv = mKeyVals + findIdx(key);
+        if (kv == reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(mInfo)) {
+            doThrow<std::out_of_range>("key not found");
+        }
+        return kv->getSecond();
+    }
+
+    // Returns a reference to the value found for key.
+    // Throws std::out_of_range if element cannot be found
+    template <typename Q = mapped_type>
+    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<Q>::value, Q const&>::type at(key_type const& key) const {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto kv = mKeyVals + findIdx(key);
+        if (kv == reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(mInfo)) {
+            doThrow<std::out_of_range>("key not found");
+        }
+        return kv->getSecond();
+    }
+
+    const_iterator find(const key_type& key) const { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        const size_t idx = findIdx(key);
+        return const_iterator{mKeyVals + idx, mInfo + idx};
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey>
+    const_iterator find(const OtherKey& key, is_transparent_tag /*unused*/) const {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        const size_t idx = findIdx(key);
+        return const_iterator{mKeyVals + idx, mInfo + idx};
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey, typename Self_ = Self>
+    typename std::enable_if<Self_::is_transparent, // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+                            const_iterator>::type  // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+    find(const OtherKey& key) const {              // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        const size_t idx = findIdx(key);
+        return const_iterator{mKeyVals + idx, mInfo + idx};
+    }
+
+    iterator find(const key_type& key) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        const size_t idx = findIdx(key);
+        return iterator{mKeyVals + idx, mInfo + idx};
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey>
+    iterator find(const OtherKey& key, is_transparent_tag /*unused*/) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        const size_t idx = findIdx(key);
+        return iterator{mKeyVals + idx, mInfo + idx};
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey, typename Self_ = Self>
+    typename std::enable_if<Self_::is_transparent, iterator>::type find(const OtherKey& key) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        const size_t idx = findIdx(key);
+        return iterator{mKeyVals + idx, mInfo + idx};
+    }
+
+    iterator begin() {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (empty()) {
+            return end();
+        }
+        return iterator(mKeyVals, mInfo, fast_forward_tag{});
+    }
+    const_iterator begin() const { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return cbegin();
+    }
+    const_iterator cbegin() const { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        if (empty()) {
+            return cend();
+        }
+        return const_iterator(mKeyVals, mInfo, fast_forward_tag{});
+    }
+
+    iterator end() {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        // no need to supply valid info pointer: end() must not be dereferenced, and only node
+        // pointer is compared.
+        return iterator{reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(mInfo), nullptr};
+    }
+    const_iterator end() const { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return cend();
+    }
+    const_iterator cend() const { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return const_iterator{reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(mInfo), nullptr};
+    }
+
+    iterator erase(const_iterator pos) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        // its safe to perform const cast here
+        // NOLINTNEXTLINE(cppcoreguidelines-pro-type-const-cast)
+        return erase(iterator{const_cast<Node*>(pos.mKeyVals), const_cast<uint8_t*>(pos.mInfo)});
+    }
+
+    // Erases element at pos, returns iterator to the next element.
+    iterator erase(iterator pos) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        // we assume that pos always points to a valid entry, and not end().
+        auto const idx = static_cast<size_t>(pos.mKeyVals - mKeyVals);
+
+        shiftDown(idx);
+        --mNumElements;
+
+        if (*pos.mInfo) {
+            // we've backward shifted, return this again
+            return pos;
+        }
+
+        // no backward shift, return next element
+        return ++pos;
+    }
+
+    size_t erase(const key_type& key) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        size_t idx{};
+        InfoType info{};
+        keyToIdx(key, &idx, &info);
+
+        // check while info matches with the source idx
+        do {
+            if (info == mInfo[idx] && WKeyEqual::operator()(key, mKeyVals[idx].getFirst())) {
+                shiftDown(idx);
+                --mNumElements;
+                return 1;
+            }
+            next(&info, &idx);
+        } while (info <= mInfo[idx]);
+
+        // nothing found to delete
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // reserves space for the specified number of elements. Makes sure the old data fits.
+    // exactly the same as reserve(c).
+    void rehash(size_t c) {
+        // forces a reserve
+        reserve(c, true);
+    }
+
+    // reserves space for the specified number of elements. Makes sure the old data fits.
+    // Exactly the same as rehash(c). Use rehash(0) to shrink to fit.
+    void reserve(size_t c) {
+        // reserve, but don't force rehash
+        reserve(c, false);
+    }
+
+    // If possible reallocates the map to a smaller one. This frees the underlying table.
+    // Does not do anything if load_factor is too large for decreasing the table's size.
+    void compact() {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto newSize = InitialNumElements;
+        while (calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(newSize) < mNumElements && newSize != 0) {
+            newSize *= 2;
+        }
+        if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(newSize == 0)) {
+            throwOverflowError();
+        }
+
+        ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("newSize > mMask + 1: " << newSize << " > " << mMask << " + 1")
+
+        // only actually do anything when the new size is bigger than the old one. This prevents to
+        // continuously allocate for each reserve() call.
+        if (newSize < mMask + 1) {
+            rehashPowerOfTwo(newSize, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_type size() const noexcept { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return mNumElements;
+    }
+
+    size_type max_size() const noexcept { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return static_cast<size_type>(-1);
+    }
+
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) bool empty() const noexcept {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return 0 == mNumElements;
+    }
+
+    float max_load_factor() const noexcept { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return MaxLoadFactor100 / 100.0F;
+    }
+
+    // Average number of elements per bucket. Since we allow only 1 per bucket
+    float load_factor() const noexcept { // NOLINT(modernize-use-nodiscard)
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return static_cast<float>(size()) / static_cast<float>(mMask + 1);
+    }
+
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) size_t mask() const noexcept {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return mMask;
+    }
+
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) size_t calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(size_t maxElements) const noexcept {
+        if (ROBIN_HOOD_LIKELY(maxElements <= (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)() / 100)) {
+            return maxElements * MaxLoadFactor100 / 100;
+        }
+
+        // we might be a bit inprecise, but since maxElements is quite large that doesn't matter
+        return (maxElements / 100) * MaxLoadFactor100;
+    }
+
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) size_t calcNumBytesInfo(size_t numElements) const noexcept {
+        // we add a uint64_t, which houses the sentinel (first byte) and padding so we can load
+        // 64bit types.
+        return numElements + sizeof(uint64_t);
+    }
+
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+    size_t calcNumElementsWithBuffer(size_t numElements) const noexcept {
+        auto maxNumElementsAllowed = calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(numElements);
+        return numElements + (std::min)(maxNumElementsAllowed, (static_cast<size_t>(0xFF)));
+    }
+
+    // calculation only allowed for 2^n values
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD) size_t calcNumBytesTotal(size_t numElements) const {
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(BITNESS) == 64
+        return numElements * sizeof(Node) + calcNumBytesInfo(numElements);
+#else
+        // make sure we're doing 64bit operations, so we are at least safe against 32bit overflows.
+        auto const ne = static_cast<uint64_t>(numElements);
+        auto const s = static_cast<uint64_t>(sizeof(Node));
+        auto const infos = static_cast<uint64_t>(calcNumBytesInfo(numElements));
+
+        auto const total64 = ne * s + infos;
+        auto const total = static_cast<size_t>(total64);
+
+        if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(static_cast<uint64_t>(total) != total64)) {
+            throwOverflowError();
+        }
+        return total;
+#endif
+    }
+
+private:
+    template <typename Q = mapped_type>
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+    typename std::enable_if<!std::is_void<Q>::value, bool>::type has(const value_type& e) const {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto it = find(e.first);
+        return it != end() && it->second == e.second;
+    }
+
+    template <typename Q = mapped_type>
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NODISCARD)
+    typename std::enable_if<std::is_void<Q>::value, bool>::type has(const value_type& e) const {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        return find(e) != end();
+    }
+
+    void reserve(size_t c, bool forceRehash) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto const minElementsAllowed = (std::max)(c, mNumElements);
+        auto newSize = InitialNumElements;
+        while (calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(newSize) < minElementsAllowed && newSize != 0) {
+            newSize *= 2;
+        }
+        if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(newSize == 0)) {
+            throwOverflowError();
+        }
+
+        ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("newSize > mMask + 1: " << newSize << " > " << mMask << " + 1")
+
+        // only actually do anything when the new size is bigger than the old one. This prevents to
+        // continuously allocate for each reserve() call.
+        if (forceRehash || newSize > mMask + 1) {
+            rehashPowerOfTwo(newSize, false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // reserves space for at least the specified number of elements.
+    // only works if numBuckets if power of two
+    // True on success, false otherwise
+    void rehashPowerOfTwo(size_t numBuckets, bool forceFree) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+
+        Node* const oldKeyVals = mKeyVals;
+        uint8_t const* const oldInfo = mInfo;
+
+        const size_t oldMaxElementsWithBuffer = calcNumElementsWithBuffer(mMask + 1);
+
+        // resize operation: move stuff
+        initData(numBuckets);
+        if (oldMaxElementsWithBuffer > 1) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < oldMaxElementsWithBuffer; ++i) {
+                if (oldInfo[i] != 0) {
+                    // might throw an exception, which is really bad since we are in the middle of
+                    // moving stuff.
+                    insert_move(std::move(oldKeyVals[i]));
+                    // destroy the node but DON'T destroy the data.
+                    oldKeyVals[i].~Node();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // this check is not necessary as it's guarded by the previous if, but it helps
+            // silence g++'s overeager "attempt to free a non-heap object 'map'
+            // [-Werror=free-nonheap-object]" warning.
+            if (oldKeyVals != reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(&mMask)) {
+                // don't destroy old data: put it into the pool instead
+                if (forceFree) {
+                    std::free(oldKeyVals);
+                } else {
+                    DataPool::addOrFree(oldKeyVals, calcNumBytesTotal(oldMaxElementsWithBuffer));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    ROBIN_HOOD(NOINLINE) void throwOverflowError() const {
+#if ROBIN_HOOD(HAS_EXCEPTIONS)
+        throw std::overflow_error("robin_hood::map overflow");
+#else
+        abort();
+#endif
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey, typename... Args>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> try_emplace_impl(OtherKey&& key, Args&&... args) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto idxAndState = insertKeyPrepareEmptySpot(key);
+        switch (idxAndState.second) {
+        case InsertionState::key_found:
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::new_node:
+            ::new (static_cast<void*>(&mKeyVals[idxAndState.first])) Node(
+                *this, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<OtherKey>(key)),
+                std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overwrite_node:
+            mKeyVals[idxAndState.first] = Node(*this, std::piecewise_construct,
+                                               std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<OtherKey>(key)),
+                                               std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overflow_error:
+            throwOverflowError();
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return std::make_pair(iterator(mKeyVals + idxAndState.first, mInfo + idxAndState.first),
+                              InsertionState::key_found != idxAndState.second);
+    }
+
+    template <typename OtherKey, typename Mapped>
+    std::pair<iterator, bool> insertOrAssignImpl(OtherKey&& key, Mapped&& obj) {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_TRACE(this)
+        auto idxAndState = insertKeyPrepareEmptySpot(key);
+        switch (idxAndState.second) {
+        case InsertionState::key_found:
+            mKeyVals[idxAndState.first].getSecond() = std::forward<Mapped>(obj);
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::new_node:
+            ::new (static_cast<void*>(&mKeyVals[idxAndState.first])) Node(
+                *this, std::piecewise_construct, std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<OtherKey>(key)),
+                std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Mapped>(obj)));
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overwrite_node:
+            mKeyVals[idxAndState.first] = Node(*this, std::piecewise_construct,
+                                               std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<OtherKey>(key)),
+                                               std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Mapped>(obj)));
+            break;
+
+        case InsertionState::overflow_error:
+            throwOverflowError();
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return std::make_pair(iterator(mKeyVals + idxAndState.first, mInfo + idxAndState.first),
+                              InsertionState::key_found != idxAndState.second);
+    }
+
+    void initData(size_t max_elements) {
+        mNumElements = 0;
+        mMask = max_elements - 1;
+        mMaxNumElementsAllowed = calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(max_elements);
+
+        auto const numElementsWithBuffer = calcNumElementsWithBuffer(max_elements);
+
+        // calloc also zeroes everything
+        auto const numBytesTotal = calcNumBytesTotal(numElementsWithBuffer);
+        ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::calloc " << numBytesTotal << " = calcNumBytesTotal("
+                                      << numElementsWithBuffer << ")")
+        mKeyVals = reinterpret_cast<Node*>(
+            detail::assertNotNull<std::bad_alloc>(std::calloc(1, numBytesTotal)));
+        mInfo = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(mKeyVals + numElementsWithBuffer);
+
+        // set sentinel
+        mInfo[numElementsWithBuffer] = 1;
+
+        mInfoInc = InitialInfoInc;
+        mInfoHashShift = InitialInfoHashShift;
+    }
+
+    enum class InsertionState { overflow_error, key_found, new_node, overwrite_node };
+
+    // Finds key, and if not already present prepares a spot where to pot the key & value.
+    // This potentially shifts nodes out of the way, updates mInfo and number of inserted
+    // elements, so the only operation left to do is create/assign a new node at that spot.
+    template <typename OtherKey>
+    std::pair<size_t, InsertionState> insertKeyPrepareEmptySpot(OtherKey&& key) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+            size_t idx{};
+            InfoType info{};
+            keyToIdx(key, &idx, &info);
+            nextWhileLess(&info, &idx);
+
+            // while we potentially have a match
+            while (info == mInfo[idx]) {
+                if (WKeyEqual::operator()(key, mKeyVals[idx].getFirst())) {
+                    // key already exists, do NOT insert.
+                    // see http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/container/unordered_map/insert
+                    return std::make_pair(idx, InsertionState::key_found);
+                }
+                next(&info, &idx);
+            }
+
+            // unlikely that this evaluates to true
+            if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(mNumElements >= mMaxNumElementsAllowed)) {
+                if (!increase_size()) {
+                    return std::make_pair(size_t(0), InsertionState::overflow_error);
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // key not found, so we are now exactly where we want to insert it.
+            auto const insertion_idx = idx;
+            auto const insertion_info = info;
+            if (ROBIN_HOOD_UNLIKELY(insertion_info + mInfoInc > 0xFF)) {
+                mMaxNumElementsAllowed = 0;
+            }
+
+            // find an empty spot
+            while (0 != mInfo[idx]) {
+                next(&info, &idx);
+            }
+
+            if (idx != insertion_idx) {
+                shiftUp(idx, insertion_idx);
+            }
+            // put at empty spot
+            mInfo[insertion_idx] = static_cast<uint8_t>(insertion_info);
+            ++mNumElements;
+            return std::make_pair(insertion_idx, idx == insertion_idx
+                                                     ? InsertionState::new_node
+                                                     : InsertionState::overwrite_node);
+        }
+
+        // enough attempts failed, so finally give up.
+        return std::make_pair(size_t(0), InsertionState::overflow_error);
+    }
+
+    bool try_increase_info() {
+        ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("mInfoInc=" << mInfoInc << ", numElements=" << mNumElements
+                                   << ", maxNumElementsAllowed="
+                                   << calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(mMask + 1))
+        if (mInfoInc <= 2) {
+            // need to be > 2 so that shift works (otherwise undefined behavior!)
+            return false;
+        }
+        // we got space left, try to make info smaller
+        mInfoInc = static_cast<uint8_t>(mInfoInc >> 1U);
+
+        // remove one bit of the hash, leaving more space for the distance info.
+        // This is extremely fast because we can operate on 8 bytes at once.
+        ++mInfoHashShift;
+        auto const numElementsWithBuffer = calcNumElementsWithBuffer(mMask + 1);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numElementsWithBuffer; i += 8) {
+            auto val = unaligned_load<uint64_t>(mInfo + i);
+            val = (val >> 1U) & UINT64_C(0x7f7f7f7f7f7f7f7f);
+            std::memcpy(mInfo + i, &val, sizeof(val));
+        }
+        // update sentinel, which might have been cleared out!
+        mInfo[numElementsWithBuffer] = 1;
+
+        mMaxNumElementsAllowed = calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(mMask + 1);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // True if resize was possible, false otherwise
+    bool increase_size() {
+        // nothing allocated yet? just allocate InitialNumElements
+        if (0 == mMask) {
+            initData(InitialNumElements);
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        auto const maxNumElementsAllowed = calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(mMask + 1);
+        if (mNumElements < maxNumElementsAllowed && try_increase_info()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("mNumElements=" << mNumElements << ", maxNumElementsAllowed="
+                                       << maxNumElementsAllowed << ", load="
+                                       << (static_cast<double>(mNumElements) * 100.0 /
+                                           (static_cast<double>(mMask) + 1)))
+
+        nextHashMultiplier();
+        if (mNumElements * 2 < calcMaxNumElementsAllowed(mMask + 1)) {
+            // we have to resize, even though there would still be plenty of space left!
+            // Try to rehash instead. Delete freed memory so we don't steadyily increase mem in case
+            // we have to rehash a few times
+            rehashPowerOfTwo(mMask + 1, true);
+        } else {
+            // Each resize use a different hash so we don't so easily overflow.
+            // Make sure we only have odd numbers, so that the multiplication is reversible!
+            rehashPowerOfTwo((mMask + 1) * 2, false);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void nextHashMultiplier() {
+        // adding an *even* number, so that the multiplier will always stay odd. This is necessary
+        // so that the hash stays a mixing function (and thus doesn't have any information loss).
+        mHashMultiplier += UINT64_C(0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec54);
+    }
+
+    void destroy() {
+        if (0 == mMask) {
+            // don't deallocate!
+            return;
+        }
+
+        Destroyer<Self, IsFlat && std::is_trivially_destructible<Node>::value>{}
+            .nodesDoNotDeallocate(*this);
+
+        // This protection against not deleting mMask shouldn't be needed as it's sufficiently
+        // protected with the 0==mMask check, but I have this anyways because g++ 7 otherwise
+        // reports a compile error: attempt to free a non-heap object 'fm'
+        // [-Werror=free-nonheap-object]
+        if (mKeyVals != reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(&mMask)) {
+            ROBIN_HOOD_LOG("std::free")
+            std::free(mKeyVals);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void init() noexcept {
+        mKeyVals = reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(&mMask);
+        mInfo = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&mMask);
+        mNumElements = 0;
+        mMask = 0;
+        mMaxNumElementsAllowed = 0;
+        mInfoInc = InitialInfoInc;
+        mInfoHashShift = InitialInfoHashShift;
+    }
+
+    // members are sorted so no padding occurs
+    uint64_t mHashMultiplier = UINT64_C(0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53);                // 8 byte  8
+    Node* mKeyVals = reinterpret_cast_no_cast_align_warning<Node*>(&mMask); // 8 byte 16
+    uint8_t* mInfo = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(&mMask);                    // 8 byte 24
+    size_t mNumElements = 0;                                                // 8 byte 32
+    size_t mMask = 0;                                                       // 8 byte 40
+    size_t mMaxNumElementsAllowed = 0;                                      // 8 byte 48
+    InfoType mInfoInc = InitialInfoInc;                                     // 4 byte 52
+    InfoType mInfoHashShift = InitialInfoHashShift;                         // 4 byte 56
+                                                    // 16 byte 56 if NodeAllocator
+};
+
+} // namespace detail
+
+// map
+
+template <typename Key, typename T, typename Hash = hash<Key>,
+          typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>, size_t MaxLoadFactor100 = 80>
+using unordered_flat_map = detail::Table<true, MaxLoadFactor100, Key, T, Hash, KeyEqual>;
+
+template <typename Key, typename T, typename Hash = hash<Key>,
+          typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>, size_t MaxLoadFactor100 = 80>
+using unordered_node_map = detail::Table<false, MaxLoadFactor100, Key, T, Hash, KeyEqual>;
+
+template <typename Key, typename T, typename Hash = hash<Key>,
+          typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>, size_t MaxLoadFactor100 = 80>
+using unordered_map =
+    detail::Table<sizeof(robin_hood::pair<Key, T>) <= sizeof(size_t) * 6 &&
+                      std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<robin_hood::pair<Key, T>>::value &&
+                      std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<robin_hood::pair<Key, T>>::value,
+                  MaxLoadFactor100, Key, T, Hash, KeyEqual>;
+
+// set
+
+template <typename Key, typename Hash = hash<Key>, typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,
+          size_t MaxLoadFactor100 = 80>
+using unordered_flat_set = detail::Table<true, MaxLoadFactor100, Key, void, Hash, KeyEqual>;
+
+template <typename Key, typename Hash = hash<Key>, typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,
+          size_t MaxLoadFactor100 = 80>
+using unordered_node_set = detail::Table<false, MaxLoadFactor100, Key, void, Hash, KeyEqual>;
+
+template <typename Key, typename Hash = hash<Key>, typename KeyEqual = std::equal_to<Key>,
+          size_t MaxLoadFactor100 = 80>
+using unordered_set = detail::Table<sizeof(Key) <= sizeof(size_t) * 6 &&
+                                        std::is_nothrow_move_constructible<Key>::value &&
+                                        std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<Key>::value,
+                                    MaxLoadFactor100, Key, void, Hash, KeyEqual>;
+
+} // namespace robin_hood
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/scard/scard.cpp b/external/scard/scard.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..781b5eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/scard/scard.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+/**
+ * MIT-License
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 by nolm <nolan@nolm.name>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Modified version.
+ */
+
+
+#include "scard.h"
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <winscard.h>
+#include <thread>
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+
+#define MAX_APDU_SIZE 255
+#define SCARD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS 100
+
+// set to detect all cards, reduce polling rate to 500ms.
+// based off acr122u reader, see page 26 in api document.
+// https://www.acs.com.hk/en/download-manual/419/API-ACR122U-2.04.pdf
+#define PICC_OPERATING_PARAMS 0xDFu
+BYTE PICC_OPERATING_PARAM_CMD[5] = {0xFFu, 0x00u, 0x51u, PICC_OPERATING_PARAMS, 0x00u};
+
+// return bytes from device
+#define PICC_SUCCESS 0x90u
+#define PICC_ERROR 0x63u
+
+static const BYTE UID_CMD[5] = { 0xFFu, 0xCAu, 0x00u, 0x00u, 0x00u };
+
+enum scard_atr_protocol {
+    SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_ISO14443_PART3 = 0x03,
+    SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_ISO15693_PART3 = 0x0B,
+    SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_FELICA_212K = 0x11,
+    SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_FELICA_424K = 0x12,
+};
+
+volatile bool should_exit = false;
+
+winscard_config_t WINSCARD_CONFIG = {};
+
+void scard_update(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, LPCTSTR readerName, uint8_t unit_no) {
+
+    // Connect to the smart card.
+    LONG lRet = 0;
+    SCARDHANDLE hCard{};
+    DWORD dwActiveProtocol{};
+    for (int retry = 0; retry < 10; retry++) {
+        if ((lRet = SCardConnect(hContext, readerName, SCARD_SHARE_EXCLUSIVE, SCARD_PROTOCOL_T0 | SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1,
+                &hCard, &dwActiveProtocol)) == SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+            break;
+        }
+        Sleep(20);
+    }
+
+    if (lRet != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("scard", "error connecting to the card: 0x{:08x}", static_cast<unsigned>(lRet));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set the reader params
+    lRet = 0;
+    auto pci = dwActiveProtocol == SCARD_PROTOCOL_T1 ? SCARD_PCI_T1 : SCARD_PCI_T0;
+    DWORD cbRecv = MAX_APDU_SIZE;
+    BYTE pbRecv[MAX_APDU_SIZE];
+    if ((lRet = SCardTransmit(hCard, pci, PICC_OPERATING_PARAM_CMD, sizeof(PICC_OPERATING_PARAM_CMD),
+                              nullptr, pbRecv, &cbRecv)) != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("scard", "error setting PICC params: 0x{:08x}", static_cast<unsigned>(lRet));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(cbRecv > 2 && pbRecv[0] != PICC_SUCCESS && pbRecv[1] != PICC_OPERATING_PARAMS)
+    {
+        log_warning("scard", "PICC params not valid 0x{:02x} != 0x{:02x}",
+                static_cast<unsigned>(pbRecv[1]), static_cast<unsigned>(PICC_OPERATING_PARAMS));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Read ATR to determine card type.
+    TCHAR szReader[200];
+    DWORD cchReader = 200;
+    BYTE atr[32];
+    DWORD cByteAtr = 32;
+    lRet = SCardStatus(hCard, szReader, &cchReader, nullptr, nullptr, atr, &cByteAtr);
+    if (lRet != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("scard", "error getting card status: 0x{:08x}", static_cast<unsigned>(lRet));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Only care about 20-byte ATRs returned by arcade-type smart cards
+    if (cByteAtr != 20) {
+        log_warning("scard", "ignoring card with len(atr) = {} ({})", cByteAtr, bin2hex(atr, cByteAtr));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    //log_info("scard", "atr Return: len({}), {}", cByteAtr, bin2hex(atr, cByteAtr));
+
+    // Figure out if we should reverse the UID returned by the card based on the ATR protocol
+    BYTE cardProtocol = atr[12];
+    BOOL shouldReverseUid = false;
+    if (cardProtocol == SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_ISO15693_PART3) {
+        log_info("scard", "card protocol: ISO15693_PART3");
+        shouldReverseUid = true;
+    } else if (cardProtocol == SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_ISO14443_PART3) {
+        log_info("scard", "card protocol: ISO14443_PART3");
+    } else if (cardProtocol == SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_FELICA_212K) {
+        log_info("scard", "card protocol: FELICA_212K");
+    } else if (cardProtocol == SCARD_ATR_PROTOCOL_FELICA_424K) {
+        log_info("scard", "card protocol: FELICA_424K");
+    } else {
+        log_warning("scard", "Unknown NFC Protocol: 0x{:02x}", static_cast<unsigned>(cardProtocol));
+        //return;
+    }
+
+    // Read UID
+    cbRecv = MAX_APDU_SIZE;
+    if ((lRet = SCardTransmit(hCard, pci, UID_CMD, sizeof(UID_CMD),nullptr, pbRecv, &cbRecv)) != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("scard", "error querying card UID: 0x{:08x}", static_cast<unsigned>(lRet));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (cbRecv > 1 && pbRecv[0] == PICC_ERROR) {
+        log_warning("scard", "UID query failed");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if ((lRet = SCardDisconnect(hCard, SCARD_LEAVE_CARD)) != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+        log_info("scard", "failed SCardDisconnect: 0x{:08x}", static_cast<unsigned>(lRet));
+    }
+
+    if (cbRecv < 8) {
+        log_info("scard", "padding card uid to 8 bytes (read uid: {})", bin2hex(pbRecv, cbRecv));
+        memset(&pbRecv[cbRecv], 0, 8 - cbRecv);
+    } else if (cbRecv > 8) {
+        log_info("scard", "taking first 8 bytes of len(uid) = {}", cbRecv);
+    }
+
+    // Copy UID to struct, reversing if necessary
+    card_info_t card_info;
+    if (shouldReverseUid) {
+        for (DWORD i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            card_info.uid[i] = pbRecv[7 - i];
+        }
+    } else {
+        memcpy(card_info.uid, pbRecv, 8);
+    }
+    log_info("scard", "reader unit no: {}, read card: {}", unit_no, bin2hex(card_info.uid, 8));
+
+    // set card type to 1
+    card_info.card_type = 1;
+
+    // update toggle
+    bool flip_order = WINSCARD_CONFIG.flip_order;
+    if (WINSCARD_CONFIG.flip_order) {
+        log_info("scard", "Flip order of readers since -scardflip option is set");
+    }
+    if (WINSCARD_CONFIG.toggle_order && (GetKeyState(VK_NUMLOCK) & 1) > 0) {
+        log_info("scard", "Flip order of readers since Num Lock is on");
+        flip_order = !flip_order;
+    }
+
+    // callback
+    if (WINSCARD_CONFIG.cardinfo_callback) {
+        WINSCARD_CONFIG.cardinfo_callback(flip_order ? ~unit_no : unit_no, &card_info);
+    }
+}
+
+void scard_clear(uint8_t unitNo) {
+
+    // reset
+    card_info_t empty_cardinfo{};
+
+    // callback
+    if (WINSCARD_CONFIG.cardinfo_callback)
+        WINSCARD_CONFIG.cardinfo_callback(WINSCARD_CONFIG.flip_order ? ~unitNo : unitNo, &empty_cardinfo);
+}
+
+void scard_loop(SCARDCONTEXT hContext, LPCTSTR slot0_reader_name, LPCTSTR slot1_reader_name, uint8_t reader_count) {
+    LONG lRet = 0;
+    SCARD_READERSTATE reader_states[2] = {
+        {
+            .szReader = slot0_reader_name,
+            .pvUserData = nullptr,
+            .dwCurrentState = SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE,
+            .dwEventState = 0,
+            .cbAtr = 0,
+            .rgbAtr = { 0 },
+        },
+        {
+            .szReader = slot1_reader_name,
+            .pvUserData = nullptr,
+            .dwCurrentState = SCARD_STATE_UNAWARE,
+            .dwEventState = 0,
+            .cbAtr = 0,
+            .rgbAtr = { 0 },
+        },
+    };
+
+    if (reader_count < 1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    while (!should_exit) {
+        lRet = SCardGetStatusChange(hContext, SCARD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS, reader_states, reader_count);
+        if (lRet == SCARD_E_TIMEOUT) {
+            continue;
+        } else if (lRet != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+            log_warning("scard", "failed SCardGetStatusChange: 0x{:08x}", static_cast<unsigned>(lRet));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (uint8_t unit_no = 0; unit_no < reader_count; unit_no++) {
+            if (!(reader_states[unit_no].dwEventState & SCARD_STATE_CHANGED)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            DWORD newState = reader_states[unit_no].dwEventState ^ SCARD_STATE_CHANGED;
+            bool wasCardPresent = (reader_states[unit_no].dwCurrentState & SCARD_STATE_PRESENT) > 0;
+            if (newState & SCARD_STATE_UNAVAILABLE) {
+                log_info("scard", "new card state: unavailable");
+                Sleep(SCARD_POLL_INTERVAL_MS);
+            } else if (newState & SCARD_STATE_EMPTY) {
+                log_info("scard", "new card state: empty");
+                scard_clear(unit_no);
+            } else if (newState & SCARD_STATE_PRESENT && !wasCardPresent) {
+                log_info("scard", "new card state: present");
+                scard_update(hContext, reader_states[unit_no].szReader, unit_no);
+            }
+
+            reader_states[unit_no].dwCurrentState = reader_states[unit_no].dwEventState;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+int scard_threadmain() {
+    LONG lRet = 0;
+    SCARDCONTEXT hContext = 0;
+
+    if ((lRet = SCardEstablishContext(SCARD_SCOPE_USER, nullptr, nullptr, &hContext)) != SCARD_S_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("scard", "failed to establish SCard context: {}", bin2hex(&lRet, sizeof(LONG)));
+        return lRet;
+    }
+
+    LPCTSTR reader = nullptr;
+    LPTSTR reader_name_slots[2] = {nullptr, nullptr };
+    int readerNameLen = 0;
+    while (!(reader_name_slots[0] || reader_name_slots[1])) {
+
+        // get list of readers
+        LPTSTR reader_list = nullptr;
+        auto pcchReaders = SCARD_AUTOALLOCATE;
+        lRet = SCardListReaders(hContext, nullptr, (LPTSTR) &reader_list, &pcchReaders);
+
+        int slot0_idx = -1;
+        int slot1_idx = -1;
+        int readerCount = 0;
+        switch (lRet) {
+            case SCARD_E_NO_READERS_AVAILABLE:
+                log_info("scard", "no readers available, waiting 1000ms...");
+                Sleep(1000);
+                break;
+
+            case SCARD_S_SUCCESS:
+
+                // So WinAPI has this terrible "multi-string" concept wherein you have a list
+                // of null-terminated strings, terminated by a double-null.
+                for (reader = reader_list; *reader; reader = reader + lstrlen(reader) + 1) {
+                    log_info("scard", "found reader: {}", reader);
+                    if (WINSCARD_CONFIG.slot0_reader_name && !lstrcmp(WINSCARD_CONFIG.slot0_reader_name, reader))
+                        slot0_idx = readerCount;
+                    if (WINSCARD_CONFIG.slot1_reader_name && !lstrcmp(WINSCARD_CONFIG.slot1_reader_name, reader))
+                        slot1_idx = readerCount;
+                    readerCount++;
+                }
+
+                // If we have at least two readers, assign readers to slots as necessary.
+                if (readerCount >= 2) {
+                    if (slot1_idx != 0)
+                        slot0_idx = 0;
+                    if (slot0_idx != 1)
+                        slot1_idx = 1;
+                }
+
+                // if the reader count is 1 and no reader was set, set first reader
+                if (readerCount == 1 && slot0_idx < 0 && slot1_idx < 0)
+                    slot0_idx = 0;
+
+                // If we somehow only found slot 1, promote slot 1 to slot 0.
+                if (slot0_idx < 0 && slot1_idx >= 0) {
+                    slot0_idx = slot1_idx;
+                    slot1_idx = -1;
+                }
+
+                // Extract the relevant names from the multi-string.
+                int i;
+                for (i = 0, reader = reader_list; *reader; reader = reader + lstrlen(reader) + 1, i++) {
+                    if (slot0_idx == i) {
+                        readerNameLen = lstrlen(reader);
+                        reader_name_slots[0] = (LPTSTR) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_GENERATE_EXCEPTIONS,
+                                                                sizeof(TCHAR) * (readerNameLen + 1));
+                        memcpy(reader_name_slots[0], &reader[0], (size_t) (readerNameLen + 1));
+                    }
+                    if (slot1_idx == i) {
+                        readerNameLen = lstrlen(reader);
+                        reader_name_slots[1] = (LPTSTR) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_GENERATE_EXCEPTIONS,
+                                                                sizeof(TCHAR) * (readerNameLen + 1));
+                        memcpy(reader_name_slots[1], &reader[0], (size_t) (readerNameLen + 1));
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+
+            default:
+                log_warning("scard", "failed SCardListReaders: 0x{:08x}", lRet);
+                Sleep(5000);
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (reader_list) {
+            SCardFreeMemory(hContext, reader_list);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (reader_name_slots[0]) {
+        log_info("scard", "using reader slot 0: {}", reader_name_slots[0]);
+    }
+    if (reader_name_slots[1]) {
+        log_info("scard", "using reader slot 1: {}", reader_name_slots[0]);
+    }
+
+    scard_loop(hContext, reader_name_slots[0], reader_name_slots[1], (uint8_t) (reader_name_slots[1] ? 2 : 1));
+
+    if (reader_name_slots[0]) {
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, reader_name_slots[0]);
+    }
+    if (reader_name_slots[1]) {
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, reader_name_slots[1]);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void scard_threadstart() {
+    std::thread t(scard_threadmain);
+    t.detach();
+}
+
+void scard_fini() {
+    should_exit = true;
+}
diff --git a/external/scard/scard.h b/external/scard/scard.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9177831
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/scard/scard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/**
+ * MIT-License
+ * Copyright (c) 2018 by nolm <nolan@nolm.name>
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+ * deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+ * rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+ * sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+ * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+ * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+ * IN THE SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Modified version.
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+// cardinfo_t is a description of a card that was presented to a reader
+typedef struct card_info {
+    int card_type = 0;
+    uint8_t uid[8];
+} card_info_t;
+
+/*
+ * cardinfo_callback_t is a pointer to a function that will be called on card present.
+ *
+ * The provided cardinfo_t pointer will become invalid after the callback returns, so
+ * any data contained within should be copied into more permanent storage if necessary.
+ */
+typedef void (*cardinfo_callback_t)(uint8_t slot_no, card_info_t *cardinfo);
+
+// winscard_config_t describes the parameters used to configure the smart card listener.
+typedef struct {
+
+    // A pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the name of the reader used for
+    // the first slot, according to SCardListReaders.
+    //
+    // If this is NULL or a zero-length string, the first reader found will be used.
+    const char *slot0_reader_name;
+
+    // A pointer to a null-terminated string that specifies the name of the reader used for
+    // the second slot, according to SCardListReaders. If only this slot is set, or the reader
+    // specified for the first slot is not found, this reader will become the second slot.
+    //
+    // If this is NULL or a zero-length string, the second reader found will be used, if any.
+    const char *slot1_reader_name;
+
+    // A pointer to a function that will be called when a card state change event has occurred.
+    //
+    // If a card has been presented, cardinfo_t.card_type will be set accordingly. If a card has
+    // been removed, then card_type will be 0, and the value of uid is undefined.
+    cardinfo_callback_t cardinfo_callback;
+
+    // Flips the order of the card insertions for P1/P2
+    bool flip_order;
+
+    // For toggling the order using NUMLOCK
+    bool toggle_order;
+
+} winscard_config_t;
+extern winscard_config_t WINSCARD_CONFIG;
+
+/* scard_threadmain is the entry point for smart card listener thread. */
+int scard_threadmain();
+
+/* start threadmain in a separate thread */
+void scard_threadstart();
+
+/* scard_fini signals to terminate and clean up smart card listener routine. */
+void scard_fini();
diff --git a/external/stackwalker/stackwalker.cpp b/external/stackwalker/stackwalker.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1de69b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stackwalker/stackwalker.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1268 @@
+/*
+ * Modified version.
+ * BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+/**********************************************************************
+ * 
+ * StackWalker.cpp
+ *
+ *
+ * History:
+ *  2005-07-27   v1    - First public release on http://www.codeproject.com/
+ *                       http://www.codeproject.com/threads/StackWalker.asp
+ *  2005-07-28   v2    - Changed the params of the constructor and ShowCallstack
+ *                       (to simplify the usage)
+ *  2005-08-01   v3    - Changed to use 'CONTEXT_FULL' instead of CONTEXT_ALL 
+ *                       (should also be enough)
+ *                     - Changed to compile correctly with the PSDK of VC7.0
+ *                       (GetFileVersionInfoSizeA and GetFileVersionInfoA is wrongly defined:
+ *                        it uses LPSTR instead of LPCSTR as first paremeter)
+ *                     - Added declarations to support VC5/6 without using 'dbghelp.h'
+ *                     - Added a 'pUserData' member to the ShowCallstack function and the 
+ *                       PReadProcessMemoryRoutine declaration (to pass some user-defined data, 
+ *                       which can be used in the readMemoryFunction-callback)
+ *  2005-08-02   v4    - OnSymInit now also outputs the OS-Version by default
+ *                     - Added example for doing an exception-callstack-walking in main.cpp
+ *                       (thanks to owillebo: http://www.codeproject.com/script/profile/whos_who.asp?id=536268)
+ *  2005-08-05   v5    - Removed most Lint (http://www.gimpel.com/) errors... thanks to Okko Willeboordse!
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <tchar.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#pragma comment(lib, "version.lib")  // for "VerQueryValue"
+
+#include "stackwalker.h"
+
+
+// If VC7 and later, then use the shipped 'dbghelp.h'-file
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1300
+#include <dbghelp.h>
+#else
+// inline the important dbghelp.h-declarations...
+typedef enum {
+    SymNone = 0,
+    SymCoff,
+    SymCv,
+    SymPdb,
+    SymExport,
+    SymDeferred,
+    SymSym,
+    SymDia = 9,
+    SymVirtual = 8
+} SYM_TYPE;
+typedef struct _IMAGEHLP_LINE64 {
+    DWORD                       SizeOfStruct;           // set to sizeof(IMAGEHLP_LINE64)
+    PVOID                       Key;                    // internal
+    DWORD                       LineNumber;             // line number in file
+    PCHAR                       FileName;               // full filename
+    DWORD64                     Address;                // first instruction of line
+} IMAGEHLP_LINE64, *PIMAGEHLP_LINE64;
+typedef struct _IMAGEHLP_MODULE64 {
+    DWORD                       SizeOfStruct;           // set to sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64)
+    DWORD64                     BaseOfImage;            // base load address of module
+    DWORD                       ImageSize;              // virtual size of the loaded module
+    DWORD                       TimeDateStamp;          // date/time stamp from pe header
+    DWORD                       CheckSum;               // checksum from the pe header
+    DWORD                       NumSyms;                // number of symbols in the symbol table
+    SYM_TYPE                    SymType;                // type of symbols loaded
+    CHAR                        ModuleName[32];         // module name
+    CHAR                        ImageName[256];         // image name
+    CHAR                        LoadedImageName[256];   // symbol file name
+} IMAGEHLP_MODULE64, *PIMAGEHLP_MODULE64;
+typedef struct _IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64 {
+    DWORD                       SizeOfStruct;           // set to sizeof(IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64)
+    DWORD64                     Address;                // virtual address including dll base address
+    DWORD                       Size;                   // estimated size of symbol, can be zero
+    DWORD                       Flags;                  // info about the symbols, see the SYMF defines
+    DWORD                       MaxNameLength;          // maximum size of symbol name in 'Name'
+    CHAR                        Name[1];                // symbol name (null terminated string)
+} IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64, *PIMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64;
+typedef enum {
+    AddrMode1616,
+    AddrMode1632,
+    AddrModeReal,
+    AddrModeFlat
+} ADDRESS_MODE;
+typedef struct _tagADDRESS64 {
+    DWORD64       Offset;
+    WORD          Segment;
+    ADDRESS_MODE  Mode;
+} ADDRESS64, *LPADDRESS64;
+typedef struct _KDHELP64 {
+    DWORD64   Thread;
+    DWORD   ThCallbackStack;
+    DWORD   ThCallbackBStore;
+    DWORD   NextCallback;
+    DWORD   FramePointer;
+    DWORD64   KiCallUserMode;
+    DWORD64   KeUserCallbackDispatcher;
+    DWORD64   SystemRangeStart;
+    DWORD64  Reserved[8];
+} KDHELP64, *PKDHELP64;
+typedef struct _tagSTACKFRAME64 {
+    ADDRESS64   AddrPC;               // program counter
+    ADDRESS64   AddrReturn;           // return address
+    ADDRESS64   AddrFrame;            // frame pointer
+    ADDRESS64   AddrStack;            // stack pointer
+    ADDRESS64   AddrBStore;           // backing store pointer
+    PVOID       FuncTableEntry;       // pointer to pdata/fpo or NULL
+    DWORD64     Params[4];            // possible arguments to the function
+    BOOL        Far;                  // WOW far call
+    BOOL        Virtual;              // is this a virtual frame?
+    DWORD64     Reserved[3];
+    KDHELP64    KdHelp;
+} STACKFRAME64, *LPSTACKFRAME64;
+typedef
+BOOL
+(__stdcall *PREAD_PROCESS_MEMORY_ROUTINE64)(
+    HANDLE      hProcess,
+    DWORD64     qwBaseAddress,
+    PVOID       lpBuffer,
+    DWORD       nSize,
+    LPDWORD     lpNumberOfBytesRead
+    );
+typedef
+PVOID
+(__stdcall *PFUNCTION_TABLE_ACCESS_ROUTINE64)(
+    HANDLE  hProcess,
+    DWORD64 AddrBase
+    );
+typedef
+DWORD64
+(__stdcall *PGET_MODULE_BASE_ROUTINE64)(
+    HANDLE  hProcess,
+    DWORD64 Address
+    );
+typedef
+DWORD64
+(__stdcall *PTRANSLATE_ADDRESS_ROUTINE64)(
+    HANDLE    hProcess,
+    HANDLE    hThread,
+    LPADDRESS64 lpaddr
+    );
+#define SYMOPT_CASE_INSENSITIVE         0x00000001
+#define SYMOPT_UNDNAME                  0x00000002
+#define SYMOPT_DEFERRED_LOADS           0x00000004
+#define SYMOPT_NO_CPP                   0x00000008
+#define SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES               0x00000010
+#define SYMOPT_OMAP_FIND_NEAREST        0x00000020
+#define SYMOPT_LOAD_ANYTHING            0x00000040
+#define SYMOPT_IGNORE_CVREC             0x00000080
+#define SYMOPT_NO_UNQUALIFIED_LOADS     0x00000100
+#define SYMOPT_FAIL_CRITICAL_ERRORS     0x00000200
+#define SYMOPT_EXACT_SYMBOLS            0x00000400
+#define SYMOPT_ALLOW_ABSOLUTE_SYMBOLS   0x00000800
+#define SYMOPT_IGNORE_NT_SYMPATH        0x00001000
+#define SYMOPT_INCLUDE_32BIT_MODULES    0x00002000
+#define SYMOPT_PUBLICS_ONLY             0x00004000
+#define SYMOPT_NO_PUBLICS               0x00008000
+#define SYMOPT_AUTO_PUBLICS             0x00010000
+#define SYMOPT_NO_IMAGE_SEARCH          0x00020000
+#define SYMOPT_SECURE                   0x00040000
+#define SYMOPT_DEBUG                    0x80000000
+#define UNDNAME_COMPLETE                 (0x0000)  // Enable full undecoration
+#define UNDNAME_NAME_ONLY                (0x1000)  // Crack only the name for primary declaration;
+#endif  // _MSC_VER < 1300
+
+// Some missing defines (for VC5/6):
+#ifndef INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES
+#define INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES ((DWORD)-1)
+#endif  
+
+
+// secure-CRT_functions are only available starting with VC8
+/*
+#if _MSC_VER < 1400
+#define strcpy_s strcpy
+#define strcat_s(dst, len, src) strcat(dst, src)
+#define _snprintf_s _snprintf
+#define _tcscat_s _tcscat
+#endif
+*/
+#undef strcpy_s
+#undef strcat_s
+#undef _snprintf_s
+#undef _tcscat_s
+#define strcpy_s strcpy
+#define strcat_s(dst, len, src) strcat(dst, src)
+#define _snprintf_s _snprintf
+#define _tcscat_s _tcscat
+
+// Normally it should be enough to use 'CONTEXT_FULL' (better would be 'CONTEXT_ALL')
+#define USED_CONTEXT_FLAGS CONTEXT_FULL
+
+
+class StackWalkerInternal
+{
+public:
+  StackWalkerInternal(StackWalker *parent, HANDLE hProcess)
+  {
+    m_parent = parent;
+    m_hDbhHelp = NULL;
+    pSC = NULL;
+    m_hProcess = hProcess;
+    m_szSymPath = NULL;
+    pSFTA = NULL;
+    pSGLFA = NULL;
+    pSGMB = NULL;
+    pSGMI = NULL;
+    pSGO = NULL;
+    pSGSFA = NULL;
+    pSI = NULL;
+    pSLM = NULL;
+    pSSO = NULL;
+    pSW = NULL;
+    pUDSN = NULL;
+    pSGSP = NULL;
+  }
+  ~StackWalkerInternal()
+  {
+    if (pSC != NULL)
+      pSC(m_hProcess);  // SymCleanup
+    if (m_hDbhHelp != NULL)
+      FreeLibrary(m_hDbhHelp);
+    m_hDbhHelp = NULL;
+    m_parent = NULL;
+    if(m_szSymPath != NULL)
+      free(m_szSymPath);
+    m_szSymPath = NULL;
+  }
+  BOOL Init(LPCSTR szSymPath)
+  {
+    if (m_parent == NULL)
+      return FALSE;
+    // Dynamically load the Entry-Points for dbghelp.dll:
+    // First try to load the newsest one from
+    TCHAR szTemp[4096];
+    // But before wqe do this, we first check if the ".local" file exists
+    if (GetModuleFileName(NULL, szTemp, 4096) > 0)
+    {
+      _tcscat_s(szTemp, _T(".local"));
+      if (GetFileAttributes(szTemp) == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
+      {
+        // ".local" file does not exist, so we can try to load the dbghelp.dll from the "Debugging Tools for Windows"
+        if (GetEnvironmentVariable(_T("ProgramFiles"), szTemp, 4096) > 0)
+        {
+          _tcscat_s(szTemp, _T("\\Debugging Tools for Windows\\dbghelp.dll"));
+          // now check if the file exists:
+          if (GetFileAttributes(szTemp) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
+          {
+            m_hDbhHelp = LoadLibrary(szTemp);
+          }
+        }
+          // Still not found? Then try to load the 64-Bit version:
+        if ( (m_hDbhHelp == NULL) && (GetEnvironmentVariable(_T("ProgramFiles"), szTemp, 4096) > 0) )
+        {
+          _tcscat_s(szTemp, _T("\\Debugging Tools for Windows 64-Bit\\dbghelp.dll"));
+          if (GetFileAttributes(szTemp) != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
+          {
+            m_hDbhHelp = LoadLibrary(szTemp);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (m_hDbhHelp == NULL)  // if not already loaded, try to load a default-one
+      m_hDbhHelp = LoadLibrary( _T("dbghelp.dll") );
+    if (m_hDbhHelp == NULL)
+      return FALSE;
+    pSI = (tSI) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymInitialize" );
+    pSC = (tSC) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymCleanup" );
+
+    pSW = (tSW) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "StackWalk64" );
+    pSGO = (tSGO) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymGetOptions" );
+    pSSO = (tSSO) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymSetOptions" );
+
+    pSFTA = (tSFTA) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymFunctionTableAccess64" );
+    pSGLFA = (tSGLFA) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymGetLineFromAddr64" );
+    pSGMB = (tSGMB) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymGetModuleBase64" );
+    pSGMI = (tSGMI) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymGetModuleInfo64" );
+    //pSGMI_V3 = (tSGMI_V3) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymGetModuleInfo64" );
+    pSGSFA = (tSGSFA) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymGetSymFromAddr64" );
+    pUDSN = (tUDSN) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "UnDecorateSymbolName" );
+    pSLM = (tSLM) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymLoadModule64" );
+    pSGSP =(tSGSP) GetProcAddress(m_hDbhHelp, "SymGetSearchPath" );
+
+    if ( pSC == NULL || pSFTA == NULL || pSGMB == NULL || pSGMI == NULL ||
+      pSGO == NULL || pSGSFA == NULL || pSI == NULL || pSSO == NULL ||
+      pSW == NULL || pUDSN == NULL || pSLM == NULL )
+    {
+      FreeLibrary(m_hDbhHelp);
+      m_hDbhHelp = NULL;
+      pSC = NULL;
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    // SymInitialize
+    if (szSymPath != NULL)
+      m_szSymPath = _strdup(szSymPath);
+    if (this->pSI(m_hProcess, m_szSymPath, FALSE) == FALSE)
+      this->m_parent->OnDbgHelpErr("SymInitialize", GetLastError(), 0);
+      
+    DWORD symOptions = this->pSGO();  // SymGetOptions
+    symOptions |= SYMOPT_LOAD_LINES;
+    symOptions |= SYMOPT_FAIL_CRITICAL_ERRORS;
+    //symOptions |= SYMOPT_NO_PROMPTS;
+    // SymSetOptions
+    symOptions = this->pSSO(symOptions);
+
+    char buf[StackWalker::STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN] = {0};
+    if (this->pSGSP != NULL)
+    {
+      if (this->pSGSP(m_hProcess, buf, StackWalker::STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN) == FALSE)
+        this->m_parent->OnDbgHelpErr("SymGetSearchPath", GetLastError(), 0);
+    }
+    char szUserName[1024] = {0};
+    DWORD dwSize = 1024;
+    GetUserNameA(szUserName, &dwSize);
+    this->m_parent->OnSymInit(buf, symOptions, szUserName);
+
+    return TRUE;
+  }
+
+  StackWalker *m_parent;
+
+  HMODULE m_hDbhHelp;
+  HANDLE m_hProcess;
+  LPSTR m_szSymPath;
+
+/*typedef struct IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V3 {
+    DWORD    SizeOfStruct;           // set to sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64)
+    DWORD64  BaseOfImage;            // base load address of module
+    DWORD    ImageSize;              // virtual size of the loaded module
+    DWORD    TimeDateStamp;          // date/time stamp from pe header
+    DWORD    CheckSum;               // checksum from the pe header
+    DWORD    NumSyms;                // number of symbols in the symbol table
+    SYM_TYPE SymType;                // type of symbols loaded
+    CHAR     ModuleName[32];         // module name
+    CHAR     ImageName[256];         // image name
+    // new elements: 07-Jun-2002
+    CHAR     LoadedImageName[256];   // symbol file name
+    CHAR     LoadedPdbName[256];     // pdb file name
+    DWORD    CVSig;                  // Signature of the CV record in the debug directories
+    CHAR         CVData[MAX_PATH * 3];   // Contents of the CV record
+    DWORD    PdbSig;                 // Signature of PDB
+    GUID     PdbSig70;               // Signature of PDB (VC 7 and up)
+    DWORD    PdbAge;                 // DBI age of pdb
+    BOOL     PdbUnmatched;           // loaded an unmatched pdb
+    BOOL     DbgUnmatched;           // loaded an unmatched dbg
+    BOOL     LineNumbers;            // we have line number information
+    BOOL     GlobalSymbols;          // we have internal symbol information
+    BOOL     TypeInfo;               // we have type information
+    // new elements: 17-Dec-2003
+    BOOL     SourceIndexed;          // pdb supports source server
+    BOOL     Publics;                // contains public symbols
+};
+*/
+struct IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2 {
+    DWORD    SizeOfStruct;           // set to sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64)
+    DWORD64  BaseOfImage;            // base load address of module
+    DWORD    ImageSize;              // virtual size of the loaded module
+    DWORD    TimeDateStamp;          // date/time stamp from pe header
+    DWORD    CheckSum;               // checksum from the pe header
+    DWORD    NumSyms;                // number of symbols in the symbol table
+    SYM_TYPE SymType;                // type of symbols loaded
+    CHAR     ModuleName[32];         // module name
+    CHAR     ImageName[256];         // image name
+    CHAR     LoadedImageName[256];   // symbol file name
+};
+
+
+  // SymCleanup()
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tSC)( IN HANDLE hProcess );
+  tSC pSC;
+
+  // SymFunctionTableAccess64()
+  typedef PVOID (__stdcall *tSFTA)( HANDLE hProcess, DWORD64 AddrBase );
+  tSFTA pSFTA;
+
+  // SymGetLineFromAddr64()
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tSGLFA)( IN HANDLE hProcess, IN DWORD64 dwAddr,
+    OUT PDWORD pdwDisplacement, OUT PIMAGEHLP_LINE64 Line );
+  tSGLFA pSGLFA;
+
+  // SymGetModuleBase64()
+  typedef DWORD64 (__stdcall *tSGMB)( IN HANDLE hProcess, IN DWORD64 dwAddr );
+  tSGMB pSGMB;
+
+  // SymGetModuleInfo64()
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tSGMI)( IN HANDLE hProcess, IN DWORD64 dwAddr, OUT IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2 *ModuleInfo );
+  tSGMI pSGMI;
+
+//  // SymGetModuleInfo64()
+//  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tSGMI_V3)( IN HANDLE hProcess, IN DWORD64 dwAddr, OUT IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V3 *ModuleInfo );
+//  tSGMI_V3 pSGMI_V3;
+
+  // SymGetOptions()
+  typedef DWORD (__stdcall *tSGO)( VOID );
+  tSGO pSGO;
+
+  // SymGetSymFromAddr64()
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tSGSFA)( IN HANDLE hProcess, IN DWORD64 dwAddr,
+    OUT PDWORD64 pdwDisplacement, OUT PIMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64 Symbol );
+  tSGSFA pSGSFA;
+
+  // SymInitialize()
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tSI)( IN HANDLE hProcess, IN PSTR UserSearchPath, IN BOOL fInvadeProcess );
+  tSI pSI;
+
+  // SymLoadModule64()
+  typedef DWORD64 (__stdcall *tSLM)( IN HANDLE hProcess, IN HANDLE hFile,
+    IN PSTR ImageName, IN PSTR ModuleName, IN DWORD64 BaseOfDll, IN DWORD SizeOfDll );
+  tSLM pSLM;
+
+  // SymSetOptions()
+  typedef DWORD (__stdcall *tSSO)( IN DWORD SymOptions );
+  tSSO pSSO;
+
+  // StackWalk64()
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tSW)( 
+    DWORD MachineType, 
+    HANDLE hProcess,
+    HANDLE hThread, 
+    LPSTACKFRAME64 StackFrame, 
+    PVOID ContextRecord,
+    PREAD_PROCESS_MEMORY_ROUTINE64 ReadMemoryRoutine,
+    PFUNCTION_TABLE_ACCESS_ROUTINE64 FunctionTableAccessRoutine,
+    PGET_MODULE_BASE_ROUTINE64 GetModuleBaseRoutine,
+    PTRANSLATE_ADDRESS_ROUTINE64 TranslateAddress );
+  tSW pSW;
+
+  // UnDecorateSymbolName()
+  typedef DWORD (__stdcall WINAPI *tUDSN)( PCSTR DecoratedName, PSTR UnDecoratedName,
+    DWORD UndecoratedLength, DWORD Flags );
+  tUDSN pUDSN;
+
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall WINAPI *tSGSP)(HANDLE hProcess, PSTR SearchPath, DWORD SearchPathLength);
+  tSGSP pSGSP;
+
+
+private:
+  // **************************************** ToolHelp32 ************************
+  #define MAX_MODULE_NAME32 255
+  #define TH32CS_SNAPMODULE   0x00000008
+  #pragma pack( push, 8 )
+  typedef struct tagMODULEENTRY32
+  {
+      DWORD   dwSize;
+      DWORD   th32ModuleID;       // This module
+      DWORD   th32ProcessID;      // owning process
+      DWORD   GlblcntUsage;       // Global usage count on the module
+      DWORD   ProccntUsage;       // Module usage count in th32ProcessID's context
+      BYTE  * modBaseAddr;        // Base address of module in th32ProcessID's context
+      DWORD   modBaseSize;        // Size in bytes of module starting at modBaseAddr
+      HMODULE hModule;            // The hModule of this module in th32ProcessID's context
+      char    szModule[MAX_MODULE_NAME32 + 1];
+      char    szExePath[MAX_PATH];
+  } MODULEENTRY32;
+  typedef MODULEENTRY32 *  PMODULEENTRY32;
+  typedef MODULEENTRY32 *  LPMODULEENTRY32;
+  #pragma pack( pop )
+
+  BOOL GetModuleListTH32(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD pid)
+  {
+    // CreateToolhelp32Snapshot()
+    typedef HANDLE (__stdcall *tCT32S)(DWORD dwFlags, DWORD th32ProcessID);
+    // Module32First()
+    typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tM32F)(HANDLE hSnapshot, LPMODULEENTRY32 lpme);
+    // Module32Next()
+    typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tM32N)(HANDLE hSnapshot, LPMODULEENTRY32 lpme);
+
+    // try both dlls...
+    const TCHAR *dllname[] = { _T("kernel32.dll"), _T("tlhelp32.dll") };
+    HINSTANCE hToolhelp = NULL;
+    tCT32S pCT32S = NULL;
+    tM32F pM32F = NULL;
+    tM32N pM32N = NULL;
+
+    HANDLE hSnap;
+    MODULEENTRY32 me;
+    me.dwSize = sizeof(me);
+    BOOL keepGoing;
+    size_t i;
+
+    for (i = 0; i<(sizeof(dllname) / sizeof(dllname[0])); i++ )
+    {
+      hToolhelp = LoadLibrary( dllname[i] );
+      if (hToolhelp == NULL)
+        continue;
+      pCT32S = (tCT32S) GetProcAddress(hToolhelp, "CreateToolhelp32Snapshot");
+      pM32F = (tM32F) GetProcAddress(hToolhelp, "Module32First");
+      pM32N = (tM32N) GetProcAddress(hToolhelp, "Module32Next");
+      if ( (pCT32S != NULL) && (pM32F != NULL) && (pM32N != NULL) )
+        break; // found the functions!
+      FreeLibrary(hToolhelp);
+      hToolhelp = NULL;
+    }
+
+    if (hToolhelp == NULL)
+      return FALSE;
+
+    hSnap = pCT32S( TH32CS_SNAPMODULE, pid );
+    if (hSnap == (HANDLE) -1)
+      return FALSE;
+
+    keepGoing = !!pM32F( hSnap, &me );
+    int cnt = 0;
+    while (keepGoing)
+    {
+      this->LoadModule(hProcess, me.szExePath, me.szModule, (DWORD64) me.modBaseAddr, me.modBaseSize);
+      cnt++;
+      keepGoing = !!pM32N( hSnap, &me );
+    }
+    CloseHandle(hSnap);
+    FreeLibrary(hToolhelp);
+    if (cnt <= 0)
+      return FALSE;
+    return TRUE;
+  }  // GetModuleListTH32
+
+  // **************************************** PSAPI ************************
+  typedef struct _MODULEINFO {
+      LPVOID lpBaseOfDll;
+      DWORD SizeOfImage;
+      LPVOID EntryPoint;
+  } MODULEINFO, *LPMODULEINFO;
+
+  BOOL GetModuleListPSAPI(HANDLE hProcess)
+  {
+    // EnumProcessModules()
+    typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tEPM)(HANDLE hProcess, HMODULE *lphModule, DWORD cb, LPDWORD lpcbNeeded );
+    // GetModuleFileNameEx()
+    typedef DWORD (__stdcall *tGMFNE)(HANDLE hProcess, HMODULE hModule, LPSTR lpFilename, DWORD nSize );
+    // GetModuleBaseName()
+    typedef DWORD (__stdcall *tGMBN)(HANDLE hProcess, HMODULE hModule, LPSTR lpFilename, DWORD nSize );
+    // GetModuleInformation()
+    typedef BOOL (__stdcall *tGMI)(HANDLE hProcess, HMODULE hModule, LPMODULEINFO pmi, DWORD nSize );
+
+    HINSTANCE hPsapi;
+    tEPM pEPM;
+    tGMFNE pGMFNE;
+    tGMBN pGMBN;
+    tGMI pGMI;
+
+    DWORD i;
+    //ModuleEntry e;
+    DWORD cbNeeded;
+    MODULEINFO mi;
+    HMODULE *hMods = 0;
+    char *tt = NULL;
+    char *tt2 = NULL;
+    const SIZE_T TTBUFLEN = 8096;
+    int cnt = 0;
+
+    hPsapi = LoadLibrary( _T("psapi.dll") );
+    if (hPsapi == NULL)
+      return FALSE;
+
+    pEPM = (tEPM) GetProcAddress( hPsapi, "EnumProcessModules" );
+    pGMFNE = (tGMFNE) GetProcAddress( hPsapi, "GetModuleFileNameExA" );
+    pGMBN = (tGMFNE) GetProcAddress( hPsapi, "GetModuleBaseNameA" );
+    pGMI = (tGMI) GetProcAddress( hPsapi, "GetModuleInformation" );
+    if ( (pEPM == NULL) || (pGMFNE == NULL) || (pGMBN == NULL) || (pGMI == NULL) )
+    {
+      // we couldn�t find all functions
+      FreeLibrary(hPsapi);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    hMods = (HMODULE*) malloc(sizeof(HMODULE) * (TTBUFLEN / sizeof(HMODULE)));
+    tt = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * TTBUFLEN);
+    tt2 = (char*) malloc(sizeof(char) * TTBUFLEN);
+    if ( (hMods == NULL) || (tt == NULL) || (tt2 == NULL) )
+      goto cleanup;
+
+    if ( ! pEPM( hProcess, hMods, TTBUFLEN, &cbNeeded ) )
+    {
+      //_ftprintf(fLogFile, _T("%lu: EPM failed, GetLastError = %lu\n"), g_dwShowCount, gle );
+      goto cleanup;
+    }
+
+    if ( cbNeeded > TTBUFLEN )
+    {
+      //_ftprintf(fLogFile, _T("%lu: More than %lu module handles. Huh?\n"), g_dwShowCount, lenof( hMods ) );
+      goto cleanup;
+    }
+
+    for ( i = 0; i < cbNeeded / sizeof hMods[0]; i++ )
+    {
+      // base address, size
+      pGMI(hProcess, hMods[i], &mi, sizeof mi );
+      // image file name
+      tt[0] = 0;
+      pGMFNE(hProcess, hMods[i], tt, TTBUFLEN );
+      // module name
+      tt2[0] = 0;
+      pGMBN(hProcess, hMods[i], tt2, TTBUFLEN );
+
+      DWORD dwRes = this->LoadModule(hProcess, tt, tt2, (DWORD64) mi.lpBaseOfDll, mi.SizeOfImage);
+      if (dwRes != ERROR_SUCCESS)
+        this->m_parent->OnDbgHelpErr("LoadModule", dwRes, 0);
+      cnt++;
+    }
+
+  cleanup:
+    if (hPsapi != NULL) FreeLibrary(hPsapi);
+    if (tt2 != NULL) free(tt2);
+    if (tt != NULL) free(tt);
+    if (hMods != NULL) free(hMods);
+
+    return cnt != 0;
+  }  // GetModuleListPSAPI
+
+  DWORD LoadModule(HANDLE hProcess, LPCSTR img, LPCSTR mod, DWORD64 baseAddr, DWORD size)
+  {
+    CHAR *szImg = _strdup(img);
+    CHAR *szMod = _strdup(mod);
+    DWORD result = ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    if ( (szImg == NULL) || (szMod == NULL) )
+      result = ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY;
+    else
+    {
+      if (pSLM(hProcess, 0, szImg, szMod, baseAddr, size) == 0)
+        result = GetLastError();
+    }
+    ULONGLONG fileVersion = 0;
+    if ( (m_parent != NULL) && (szImg != NULL) )
+    {
+      // try to retrive the file-version:
+      if ( (this->m_parent->m_options & StackWalker::RetrieveFileVersion) != 0)
+      {
+        VS_FIXEDFILEINFO *fInfo = NULL;
+        DWORD dwHandle;
+        DWORD dwSize = GetFileVersionInfoSizeA(szImg, &dwHandle);
+        if (dwSize > 0)
+        {
+          LPVOID vData = malloc(dwSize);
+          if (vData != NULL)
+          {
+            if (GetFileVersionInfoA(szImg, dwHandle, dwSize, vData) != 0)
+            {
+              UINT len;
+              TCHAR szSubBlock[] = _T("\\");
+              if (VerQueryValue(vData, szSubBlock, (LPVOID*) &fInfo, &len) == 0)
+                fInfo = NULL;
+              else
+              {
+                fileVersion = ((ULONGLONG)fInfo->dwFileVersionLS) + ((ULONGLONG)fInfo->dwFileVersionMS << 32);
+              }
+            }
+            free(vData);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Retrive some additional-infos about the module
+      IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2 Module;
+      const char *szSymType = "-unknown-";
+      if (this->GetModuleInfo(hProcess, baseAddr, &Module) != FALSE)
+      {
+        switch(Module.SymType)
+        {
+          case SymNone:
+            szSymType = "-nosymbols-";
+            break;
+          case SymCoff:
+            szSymType = "COFF";
+            break;
+          case SymCv:
+            szSymType = "CV";
+            break;
+          case SymPdb:
+            szSymType = "PDB";
+            break;
+          case SymExport:
+            szSymType = "-exported-";
+            break;
+          case SymDeferred:
+            szSymType = "-deferred-";
+            break;
+          case SymSym:
+            szSymType = "SYM";
+            break;
+          case 8: //SymVirtual:
+            szSymType = "Virtual";
+            break;
+          case 9: // SymDia:
+            szSymType = "DIA";
+            break;
+          default:
+            szSymType = "UNKNOWN";
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+      this->m_parent->OnLoadModule(img, mod, baseAddr, size, result, szSymType, Module.LoadedImageName, fileVersion);
+    }
+    if (szImg != NULL) free(szImg);
+    if (szMod != NULL) free(szMod);
+    return result;
+  }
+public:
+  BOOL LoadModules(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD dwProcessId)
+  {
+    // first try toolhelp32
+    if (GetModuleListTH32(hProcess, dwProcessId))
+      return true;
+    // then try psapi
+    return GetModuleListPSAPI(hProcess);
+  }
+
+
+  BOOL GetModuleInfo(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD64 baseAddr, IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2 *pModuleInfo)
+  {
+    if(this->pSGMI == NULL)
+    {
+      SetLastError(ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    // First try to use the larger ModuleInfo-Structure
+//    memset(pModuleInfo, 0, sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V3));
+//    pModuleInfo->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V3);
+//    if (this->pSGMI_V3 != NULL)
+//    {
+//      if (this->pSGMI_V3(hProcess, baseAddr, pModuleInfo) != FALSE)
+//        return TRUE;
+//      // check if the parameter was wrong (size is bad...)
+//      if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER)
+//        return FALSE;
+//    }
+    // could not retrive the bigger structure, try with the smaller one (as defined in VC7.1)...
+    pModuleInfo->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2);
+    void *pData = malloc(4096); // reserve enough memory, so the bug in v6.3.5.1 does not lead to memory-overwrites...
+    if (pData == NULL)
+    {
+      SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    memcpy(pData, pModuleInfo, sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2));
+    if (this->pSGMI(hProcess, baseAddr, (IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2*) pData) != FALSE)
+    {
+      // only copy as much memory as is reserved...
+      memcpy(pModuleInfo, pData, sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2));
+      pModuleInfo->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2);
+      free(pData);
+      return TRUE;
+    }
+    free(pData);
+    SetLastError(ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+};
+
+// #############################################################
+StackWalker::StackWalker(DWORD dwProcessId, HANDLE hProcess)
+{
+  this->m_options = OptionsAll;
+  this->m_modulesLoaded = FALSE;
+  this->m_hProcess = hProcess;
+  this->m_sw = new StackWalkerInternal(this, this->m_hProcess);
+  this->m_dwProcessId = dwProcessId;
+  this->m_szSymPath = NULL;
+}
+StackWalker::StackWalker(int options, LPCSTR szSymPath, DWORD dwProcessId, HANDLE hProcess)
+{
+  this->m_options = options;
+  this->m_modulesLoaded = FALSE;
+  this->m_hProcess = hProcess;
+  this->m_sw = new StackWalkerInternal(this, this->m_hProcess);
+  this->m_dwProcessId = dwProcessId;
+  if (szSymPath != NULL)
+  {
+    this->m_szSymPath = _strdup(szSymPath);
+    this->m_options |= SymBuildPath;
+  }
+  else
+    this->m_szSymPath = NULL;
+}
+
+StackWalker::~StackWalker()
+{
+  if (m_szSymPath != NULL)
+    free(m_szSymPath);
+  m_szSymPath = NULL;
+  if (this->m_sw != NULL)
+    delete this->m_sw;
+  this->m_sw = NULL;
+}
+
+BOOL StackWalker::LoadModules()
+{
+  if (this->m_sw == NULL)
+  {
+    SetLastError(ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+  if (m_modulesLoaded != FALSE)
+    return TRUE;
+
+  // Build the sym-path:
+  char *szSymPath = NULL;
+  if ( (this->m_options & SymBuildPath) != 0)
+  {
+    const size_t nSymPathLen = 4096;
+    szSymPath = (char*) malloc(nSymPathLen);
+    if (szSymPath == NULL)
+    {
+      SetLastError(ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY);
+      return FALSE;
+    }
+    szSymPath[0] = 0;
+    // Now first add the (optional) provided sympath:
+    if (this->m_szSymPath != NULL)
+    {
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, this->m_szSymPath);
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ";");
+    }
+
+    strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ".;");
+
+    const size_t nTempLen = 1024;
+    char szTemp[nTempLen];
+    // Now add the current directory:
+    if (GetCurrentDirectoryA(nTempLen, szTemp) > 0)
+    {
+      szTemp[nTempLen-1] = 0;
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, szTemp);
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ";");
+    }
+
+    // Now add the path for the main-module:
+    if (GetModuleFileNameA(NULL, szTemp, nTempLen) > 0)
+    {
+      szTemp[nTempLen-1] = 0;
+      for (char *p = (szTemp+strlen(szTemp)-1); p >= szTemp; --p)
+      {
+        // locate the rightmost path separator
+        if ( (*p == '\\') || (*p == '/') || (*p == ':') )
+        {
+          *p = 0;
+          break;
+        }
+      }  // for (search for path separator...)
+      if (strlen(szTemp) > 0)
+      {
+        strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, szTemp);
+        strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ";");
+      }
+    }
+    if (GetEnvironmentVariableA("_NT_SYMBOL_PATH", szTemp, nTempLen) > 0)
+    {
+      szTemp[nTempLen-1] = 0;
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, szTemp);
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ";");
+    }
+    if (GetEnvironmentVariableA("_NT_ALTERNATE_SYMBOL_PATH", szTemp, nTempLen) > 0)
+    {
+      szTemp[nTempLen-1] = 0;
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, szTemp);
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ";");
+    }
+    if (GetEnvironmentVariableA("SYSTEMROOT", szTemp, nTempLen) > 0)
+    {
+      szTemp[nTempLen-1] = 0;
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, szTemp);
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ";");
+      // also add the "system32"-directory:
+      strcat_s(szTemp, nTempLen, "\\system32");
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, szTemp);
+      strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, ";");
+    }
+
+    if ( (this->m_options & SymBuildPath) != 0)
+    {
+      if (GetEnvironmentVariableA("SYSTEMDRIVE", szTemp, nTempLen) > 0)
+      {
+        szTemp[nTempLen-1] = 0;
+        strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, "SRV*");
+        strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, szTemp);
+        strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, "\\websymbols");
+        strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, "*http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;");
+      }
+      else
+        strcat_s(szSymPath, nSymPathLen, "SRV*c:\\websymbols*http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols;");
+    }
+  }
+
+  // First Init the whole stuff...
+  BOOL bRet = this->m_sw->Init(szSymPath);
+  if (szSymPath != NULL) {
+    free(szSymPath);
+    szSymPath = NULL;
+  }
+  if (bRet == FALSE)
+  {
+    this->OnDbgHelpErr("Error while initializing dbghelp.dll", 0, 0);
+    SetLastError(ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  bRet = this->m_sw->LoadModules(this->m_hProcess, this->m_dwProcessId);
+  if (bRet != FALSE)
+    m_modulesLoaded = TRUE;
+  return bRet;
+}
+
+
+// The following is used to pass the "userData"-Pointer to the user-provided readMemoryFunction
+// This has to be done due to a problem with the "hProcess"-parameter in x64...
+// Because this class is in no case multi-threading-enabled (because of the limitations 
+// of dbghelp.dll) it is "safe" to use a static-variable
+static StackWalker::PReadProcessMemoryRoutine s_readMemoryFunction = NULL;
+static LPVOID s_readMemoryFunction_UserData = NULL;
+
+BOOL StackWalker::ShowCallstack(HANDLE hThread, const CONTEXT *context, PReadProcessMemoryRoutine readMemoryFunction, LPVOID pUserData)
+{
+  CONTEXT c;;
+  CallstackEntry csEntry;
+  IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64 *pSym = NULL;
+  StackWalkerInternal::IMAGEHLP_MODULE64_V2 Module;
+  IMAGEHLP_LINE64 Line;
+  int frameNum;
+
+  if (m_modulesLoaded == FALSE)
+    this->LoadModules();  // ignore the result...
+
+  if (this->m_sw->m_hDbhHelp == NULL)
+  {
+    SetLastError(ERROR_DLL_INIT_FAILED);
+    return FALSE;
+  }
+
+  s_readMemoryFunction = readMemoryFunction;
+  s_readMemoryFunction_UserData = pUserData;
+
+  if (context == NULL)
+  {
+    // If no context is provided, capture the context
+    if (hThread == GetCurrentThread())
+    {
+      GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(c, USED_CONTEXT_FLAGS);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+      SuspendThread(hThread);
+      memset(&c, 0, sizeof(CONTEXT));
+      c.ContextFlags = USED_CONTEXT_FLAGS;
+      if (GetThreadContext(hThread, &c) == FALSE)
+      {
+        ResumeThread(hThread);
+        return FALSE;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  else
+    c = *context;
+
+  // init STACKFRAME for first call
+  STACKFRAME64 s; // in/out stackframe
+  memset(&s, 0, sizeof(s));
+  DWORD imageType;
+#ifdef _M_IX86
+  // normally, call ImageNtHeader() and use machine info from PE header
+  imageType = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386;
+  s.AddrPC.Offset = c.Eip;
+  s.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+  s.AddrFrame.Offset = c.Ebp;
+  s.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+  s.AddrStack.Offset = c.Esp;
+  s.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+#elif _M_X64
+  imageType = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64;
+  s.AddrPC.Offset = c.Rip;
+  s.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+  s.AddrFrame.Offset = c.Rsp;
+  s.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+  s.AddrStack.Offset = c.Rsp;
+  s.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+#elif _M_IA64
+  imageType = IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_IA64;
+  s.AddrPC.Offset = c.StIIP;
+  s.AddrPC.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+  s.AddrFrame.Offset = c.IntSp;
+  s.AddrFrame.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+  s.AddrBStore.Offset = c.RsBSP;
+  s.AddrBStore.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+  s.AddrStack.Offset = c.IntSp;
+  s.AddrStack.Mode = AddrModeFlat;
+#else
+#error "Platform not supported!"
+#endif
+
+  pSym = (IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64 *) malloc(sizeof(IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64) + STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN);
+  if (!pSym) goto cleanup;  // not enough memory...
+  memset(pSym, 0, sizeof(IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64) + STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN);
+  pSym->SizeOfStruct = sizeof(IMAGEHLP_SYMBOL64);
+  pSym->MaxNameLength = STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN;
+
+  memset(&Line, 0, sizeof(Line));
+  Line.SizeOfStruct = sizeof(Line);
+
+  memset(&Module, 0, sizeof(Module));
+  Module.SizeOfStruct = sizeof(Module);
+
+  for (frameNum = 0; ; ++frameNum )
+  {
+    // get next stack frame (StackWalk64(), SymFunctionTableAccess64(), SymGetModuleBase64())
+    // if this returns ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS (487) or ERROR_NOACCESS (998), you can
+    // assume that either you are done, or that the stack is so hosed that the next
+    // deeper frame could not be found.
+    // CONTEXT need not to be suplied if imageTyp is IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386!
+    if ( ! this->m_sw->pSW(imageType, this->m_hProcess, hThread, &s, &c, myReadProcMem, this->m_sw->pSFTA, this->m_sw->pSGMB, NULL) )
+    {
+      this->OnDbgHelpErr("StackWalk64", GetLastError(), s.AddrPC.Offset);
+      break;
+    }
+
+    csEntry.offset = s.AddrPC.Offset;
+    csEntry.name[0] = 0;
+    csEntry.undName[0] = 0;
+    csEntry.undFullName[0] = 0;
+    csEntry.offsetFromSmybol = 0;
+    csEntry.offsetFromLine = 0;
+    csEntry.lineFileName[0] = 0;
+    csEntry.lineNumber = 0;
+    csEntry.loadedImageName[0] = 0;
+    csEntry.moduleName[0] = 0;
+    if (s.AddrPC.Offset == s.AddrReturn.Offset)
+    {
+      this->OnDbgHelpErr("StackWalk64-Endless-Callstack!", 0, s.AddrPC.Offset);
+      break;
+    }
+    if (s.AddrPC.Offset != 0)
+    {
+      // we seem to have a valid PC
+      // show procedure info (SymGetSymFromAddr64())
+      if (this->m_sw->pSGSFA(this->m_hProcess, s.AddrPC.Offset, &(csEntry.offsetFromSmybol), pSym) != FALSE)
+      {
+        strcpy_s(csEntry.name, pSym->Name);
+        // UnDecorateSymbolName()
+        this->m_sw->pUDSN( pSym->Name, csEntry.undName, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, UNDNAME_NAME_ONLY );
+        this->m_sw->pUDSN( pSym->Name, csEntry.undFullName, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, UNDNAME_COMPLETE );
+      }
+      else
+      {
+        //this->OnDbgHelpErr("SymGetSymFromAddr64", GetLastError(), s.AddrPC.Offset);
+      }
+
+      // show line number info, NT5.0-method (SymGetLineFromAddr64())
+      if (this->m_sw->pSGLFA != NULL )
+      { // yes, we have SymGetLineFromAddr64()
+        if (this->m_sw->pSGLFA(this->m_hProcess, s.AddrPC.Offset, &(csEntry.offsetFromLine), &Line) != FALSE)
+        {
+          csEntry.lineNumber = Line.LineNumber;
+          strcpy_s(csEntry.lineFileName, Line.FileName);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+          //this->OnDbgHelpErr("SymGetLineFromAddr64", GetLastError(), s.AddrPC.Offset);
+        }
+      } // yes, we have SymGetLineFromAddr64()
+
+      // show module info (SymGetModuleInfo64())
+      if (this->m_sw->GetModuleInfo(this->m_hProcess, s.AddrPC.Offset, &Module ) != FALSE)
+      { // got module info OK
+        switch ( Module.SymType )
+        {
+        case SymNone:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "-nosymbols-";
+          break;
+        case SymCoff:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "COFF";
+          break;
+        case SymCv:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "CV";
+          break;
+        case SymPdb:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "PDB";
+          break;
+        case SymExport:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "-exported-";
+          break;
+        case SymDeferred:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "-deferred-";
+          break;
+        case SymSym:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "SYM";
+          break;
+#if API_VERSION_NUMBER >= 9
+        case SymDia:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "DIA";
+          break;
+#endif
+        case 8: //SymVirtual:
+          csEntry.symTypeString = "Virtual";
+          break;
+        default:
+          //_snprintf( ty, sizeof ty, "symtype=%ld", (long) Module.SymType );
+          csEntry.symTypeString = NULL;
+          break;
+        }
+
+        strcpy_s(csEntry.moduleName, Module.ModuleName);
+        csEntry.baseOfImage = Module.BaseOfImage;
+        strcpy_s(csEntry.loadedImageName, Module.LoadedImageName);
+      } // got module info OK
+      else
+      {
+        this->OnDbgHelpErr("SymGetModuleInfo64", GetLastError(), s.AddrPC.Offset);
+      }
+    } // we seem to have a valid PC
+
+    CallstackEntryType et = nextEntry;
+    if (frameNum == 0)
+      et = firstEntry;
+    this->OnCallstackEntry(et, csEntry);
+    
+    if (s.AddrReturn.Offset == 0)
+    {
+      this->OnCallstackEntry(lastEntry, csEntry);
+      SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+      break;
+    }
+  } // for ( frameNum )
+
+  cleanup:
+    if (pSym) free( pSym );
+
+  if (context == NULL)
+    ResumeThread(hThread);
+
+  return TRUE;
+}
+
+BOOL __stdcall StackWalker::myReadProcMem(
+    HANDLE      hProcess,
+    DWORD64     qwBaseAddress,
+    PVOID       lpBuffer,
+    DWORD       nSize,
+    LPDWORD     lpNumberOfBytesRead
+    )
+{
+  if (s_readMemoryFunction == NULL)
+  {
+    SIZE_T st;
+    BOOL bRet = ReadProcessMemory(hProcess, (LPVOID) qwBaseAddress, lpBuffer, nSize, &st);
+    *lpNumberOfBytesRead = (DWORD) st;
+    //printf("ReadMemory: hProcess: %p, baseAddr: %p, buffer: %p, size: %d, read: %d, result: %d\n", hProcess, (LPVOID) qwBaseAddress, lpBuffer, nSize, (DWORD) st, (DWORD) bRet);
+    return bRet;
+  }
+  else
+  {
+    return s_readMemoryFunction(hProcess, qwBaseAddress, lpBuffer, nSize, lpNumberOfBytesRead, s_readMemoryFunction_UserData);
+  }
+}
+
+void StackWalker::OnLoadModule(LPCSTR img, LPCSTR mod, DWORD64 baseAddr, DWORD size, DWORD result, LPCSTR symType, LPCSTR pdbName, ULONGLONG fileVersion)
+{
+  CHAR buffer[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+  if (fileVersion == 0)
+    _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "%s:%s (%p), size: %d (result: %d), SymType: '%s', PDB: '%s'\n",
+                img,
+                mod,
+                (LPVOID) baseAddr,
+                (int) size,
+                (int) result,
+                symType,
+                pdbName);
+  else
+  {
+    DWORD v4 = (DWORD) fileVersion & 0xFFFF;
+    DWORD v3 = (DWORD) (fileVersion>>16) & 0xFFFF;
+    DWORD v2 = (DWORD) (fileVersion>>32) & 0xFFFF;
+    DWORD v1 = (DWORD) (fileVersion>>48) & 0xFFFF;
+    _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "%s:%s (%p), size: %d (result: %d), SymType: '%s', PDB: '%s', fileVersion: %d.%d.%d.%d\n",
+                img,
+                mod,
+                (LPVOID) baseAddr,
+                (int) size,
+                (int) result,
+                symType,
+                pdbName,
+                (int) v1,
+                (int) v2,
+                (int) v3,
+                (int) v4);
+  }
+  //OnOutput(buffer);
+}
+
+void StackWalker::OnCallstackEntry(CallstackEntryType eType, CallstackEntry &entry)
+{
+  CHAR buffer[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+  if ( (eType != lastEntry) && (entry.offset != 0) )
+  {
+    if (entry.name[0] == 0)
+      strcpy_s(entry.name, "(unknown)");
+    if (entry.undName[0] != 0)
+      strcpy_s(entry.name, entry.undName);
+    if (entry.undFullName[0] != 0)
+      strcpy_s(entry.name, entry.undFullName);
+    if (entry.lineFileName[0] == 0)
+    {
+      strcpy_s(entry.lineFileName, "(unknown)");
+      if (entry.moduleName[0] == 0)
+        strcpy_s(entry.moduleName, "(unknown)");
+      _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "%p (%s): %s: %s\n", (LPVOID) entry.offset, entry.moduleName, entry.lineFileName, entry.name);
+    }
+    else
+      _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "%s (%d): %s\n", entry.lineFileName, (int) entry.lineNumber, entry.name);
+    OnOutput(buffer);
+  }
+}
+
+void StackWalker::OnDbgHelpErr(LPCSTR szFuncName, DWORD gle, DWORD64 addr)
+{
+  CHAR buffer[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+  _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "ERROR: %s, GetLastError: %d (Address: %p)\n", szFuncName, (int) gle, (LPVOID) addr);
+  OnOutput(buffer);
+}
+
+void StackWalker::OnSymInit(LPCSTR szSearchPath, DWORD symOptions, LPCSTR szUserName)
+{
+#if 0
+  CHAR buffer[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+  _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "SymInit: Symbol-SearchPath: '%s', symOptions: %d, UserName: '%s'\n", szSearchPath, (int) symOptions, szUserName);
+  //OnOutput(buffer);
+  // Also display the OS-version
+#if _MSC_VER <= 1200
+  OSVERSIONINFOA ver;
+  ZeroMemory(&ver, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOA));
+  ver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(ver);
+  if (GetVersionExA(&ver) != FALSE)
+  {
+    _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "OS-Version: %d.%d.%d (%s)\n", 
+                (int) ver.dwMajorVersion, (int) ver.dwMinorVersion, (int) ver.dwBuildNumber,
+                ver.szCSDVersion);
+    //OnOutput(buffer);
+  }
+#else
+  OSVERSIONINFOEXA ver;
+  ZeroMemory(&ver, sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOEXA));
+  ver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(ver);
+  if (GetVersionExA( (OSVERSIONINFOA*) &ver) != FALSE)
+  {
+    _snprintf_s(buffer, STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN, "OS-Version: %d.%d.%d (%s) 0x%x-0x%x\n", 
+      ver.dwMajorVersion, ver.dwMinorVersion, ver.dwBuildNumber,
+      ver.szCSDVersion, ver.wSuiteMask, ver.wProductType);
+    OnOutput(buffer);
+  }
+#endif
+#endif
+}
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+void StackWalker::OnOutput(LPCSTR buffer)
+{
+    if (buffer) {
+        std::istringstream ss(buffer);
+        std::string line;
+        while (std::getline(ss, line)) {
+            if (!line.empty()) {
+                log_info("stackwalker", "{}", line);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/external/stackwalker/stackwalker.h b/external/stackwalker/stackwalker.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b49d93b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stackwalker/stackwalker.h
@@ -0,0 +1,194 @@
+/*
+ * Modified version.
+ * BSD-2-Clause
+ */
+
+/**********************************************************************
+ * 
+ * StackWalker.h
+ *
+ *
+ * History:
+ *  2005-07-27   v1    - First public release on http://www.codeproject.com/
+ *  (for additional changes see History in 'StackWalker.cpp'!
+ *
+ **********************************************************************/
+// #pragma once is supported starting with _MCS_VER 1000, 
+// so we need not to check the version (because we only support _MSC_VER >= 1100)!
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+// special defines for VC5/6 (if no actual PSDK is installed):
+#if _MSC_VER < 1300
+typedef unsigned __int64 DWORD64, *PDWORD64;
+#if defined(_WIN64)
+typedef unsigned __int64 SIZE_T, *PSIZE_T;
+#else
+typedef unsigned long SIZE_T, *PSIZE_T;
+#endif
+#endif  // _MSC_VER < 1300
+
+class StackWalkerInternal;  // forward
+class StackWalker
+{
+public:
+  typedef enum StackWalkOptions
+  {
+    // No addition info will be retrived 
+    // (only the address is available)
+    RetrieveNone = 0,
+    
+    // Try to get the symbol-name
+    RetrieveSymbol = 1,
+    
+    // Try to get the line for this symbol
+    RetrieveLine = 2,
+    
+    // Try to retrieve the module-infos
+    RetrieveModuleInfo = 4,
+    
+    // Also retrieve the version for the DLL/EXE
+    RetrieveFileVersion = 8,
+    
+    // Contains all the abouve
+    RetrieveVerbose = 0xF,
+    
+    // Generate a "good" symbol-search-path
+    SymBuildPath = 0x10,
+    
+    // Also use the public Microsoft-Symbol-Server
+    SymUseSymSrv = 0x20,
+    
+    // Contains all the abouve "Sym"-options
+    SymAll = 0x30,
+    
+    // Contains all options (default)
+    OptionsAll = 0x3F
+  } StackWalkOptions;
+
+  StackWalker(
+    int options = OptionsAll, // 'int' is by design, to combine the enum-flags
+    LPCSTR szSymPath = NULL, 
+    DWORD dwProcessId = GetCurrentProcessId(), 
+    HANDLE hProcess = GetCurrentProcess()
+    );
+  StackWalker(DWORD dwProcessId, HANDLE hProcess);
+  virtual ~StackWalker();
+
+  typedef BOOL (__stdcall *PReadProcessMemoryRoutine)(
+    HANDLE      hProcess,
+    DWORD64     qwBaseAddress,
+    PVOID       lpBuffer,
+    DWORD       nSize,
+    LPDWORD     lpNumberOfBytesRead,
+    LPVOID      pUserData  // optional data, which was passed in "ShowCallstack"
+    );
+
+  BOOL LoadModules();
+
+  BOOL ShowCallstack(
+    HANDLE hThread = GetCurrentThread(), 
+    const CONTEXT *context = NULL, 
+    PReadProcessMemoryRoutine readMemoryFunction = NULL,
+    LPVOID pUserData = NULL  // optional to identify some data in the 'readMemoryFunction'-callback
+    );
+
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1300
+// due to some reasons, the "STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN" must be declared as "public" 
+// in older compilers in order to use it... starting with VC7 we can declare it as "protected"
+protected:
+#endif
+	enum { STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN = 1024 }; // max name length for found symbols
+
+protected:
+  // Entry for each Callstack-Entry
+  typedef struct CallstackEntry
+  {
+    DWORD64 offset;  // if 0, we have no valid entry
+    CHAR name[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+    CHAR undName[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+    CHAR undFullName[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+    DWORD64 offsetFromSmybol;
+    DWORD offsetFromLine;
+    DWORD lineNumber;
+    CHAR lineFileName[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+    DWORD symType;
+    LPCSTR symTypeString;
+    CHAR moduleName[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+    DWORD64 baseOfImage;
+    CHAR loadedImageName[STACKWALK_MAX_NAMELEN];
+  } CallstackEntry;
+
+  enum CallstackEntryType {firstEntry, nextEntry, lastEntry};
+
+  virtual void OnSymInit(LPCSTR szSearchPath, DWORD symOptions, LPCSTR szUserName);
+  virtual void OnLoadModule(LPCSTR img, LPCSTR mod, DWORD64 baseAddr, DWORD size, DWORD result, LPCSTR symType, LPCSTR pdbName, ULONGLONG fileVersion);
+  virtual void OnCallstackEntry(CallstackEntryType eType, CallstackEntry &entry);
+  virtual void OnDbgHelpErr(LPCSTR szFuncName, DWORD gle, DWORD64 addr);
+  virtual void OnOutput(LPCSTR szText);
+
+  StackWalkerInternal *m_sw;
+  HANDLE m_hProcess;
+  DWORD m_dwProcessId;
+  BOOL m_modulesLoaded;
+  LPSTR m_szSymPath;
+
+  int m_options;
+
+  static BOOL __stdcall myReadProcMem(HANDLE hProcess, DWORD64 qwBaseAddress, PVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nSize, LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead);
+
+  friend StackWalkerInternal;
+};
+
+
+// The "ugly" assembler-implementation is needed for systems before XP
+// If you have a new PSDK and you only compile for XP and later, then you can use 
+// the "RtlCaptureContext"
+// Currently there is no define which determines the PSDK-Version... 
+// So we just use the compiler-version (and assumes that the PSDK is 
+// the one which was installed by the VS-IDE)
+
+// INFO: If you want, you can use the RtlCaptureContext if you only target XP and later...
+//       But I currently use it in x64/IA64 environments...
+#if defined(_M_IX86) && (_WIN32_WINNT <= 0x0500) && (_MSC_VER < 1400)
+
+//#if defined(_M_IX86)
+#ifdef CURRENT_THREAD_VIA_EXCEPTION
+// TODO: The following is not a "good" implementation, 
+// because the callstack is only valid in the "__except" block...
+#define GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(c, contextFlags) \
+  do { \
+    memset(&c, 0, sizeof(CONTEXT)); \
+    EXCEPTION_POINTERS *pExp = NULL; \
+    __try { \
+      throw 0; \
+    } __except( ( (pExp = GetExceptionInformation()) ? EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER : EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER)) {} \
+    if (pExp != NULL) \
+      memcpy(&c, pExp->ContextRecord, sizeof(CONTEXT)); \
+      c.ContextFlags = contextFlags; \
+  } while(0);
+#else
+// The following should be enough for walking the callstack...
+#define GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(c, contextFlags) \
+  do { \
+    memset(&c, 0, sizeof(CONTEXT)); \
+    c.ContextFlags = contextFlags; \
+    __asm    call x \
+    __asm x: pop eax \
+    __asm    mov c.Eip, eax \
+    __asm    mov c.Ebp, ebp \
+    __asm    mov c.Esp, esp \
+  } while(0);
+#endif
+
+#else
+
+// The following is defined for x86 (XP and higher), x64 and IA64:
+#define GET_CURRENT_CONTEXT(c, contextFlags) \
+  do { \
+    memset(&c, 0, sizeof(CONTEXT)); \
+    c.ContextFlags = contextFlags; \
+    RtlCaptureContext(&c); \
+} while(0);
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stb_image_write.h b/external/stb_image_write.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..274b1d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stb_image_write.h
@@ -0,0 +1,1458 @@
+/* stb_image_write - v1.07 - public domain - http://nothings.org/stb/stb_image_write.h
+   writes out PNG/BMP/TGA/JPEG/HDR images to C stdio - Sean Barrett 2010-2015
+                                     no warranty implied; use at your own risk
+
+   Before #including,
+
+       #define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+   in the file that you want to have the implementation.
+
+   Will probably not work correctly with strict-aliasing optimizations.
+
+ABOUT:
+
+   This header file is a library for writing images to C stdio. It could be
+   adapted to write to memory or a general streaming interface; let me know.
+
+   The PNG output is not optimal; it is 20-50% larger than the file
+   written by a decent optimizing implementation. This library is designed
+   for source code compactness and simplicity, not optimal image file size
+   or run-time performance.
+
+BUILDING:
+
+   You can #define STBIW_ASSERT(x) before the #include to avoid using assert.h.
+   You can #define STBIW_MALLOC(), STBIW_REALLOC(), and STBIW_FREE() to replace
+   malloc,realloc,free.
+   You can define STBIW_MEMMOVE() to replace memmove()
+
+USAGE:
+
+   There are four functions, one for each image file format:
+
+     int stbi_write_png(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const void *data, int stride_in_bytes);
+     int stbi_write_bmp(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const void *data);
+     int stbi_write_tga(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const void *data);
+     int stbi_write_hdr(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const float *data);
+     int stbi_write_jpg(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const float *data);
+
+   There are also four equivalent functions that use an arbitrary write function. You are
+   expected to open/close your file-equivalent before and after calling these:
+
+     int stbi_write_png_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data, int stride_in_bytes);
+     int stbi_write_bmp_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data);
+     int stbi_write_tga_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data);
+     int stbi_write_hdr_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const float *data);
+     int stbi_write_jpg_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data, int quality);
+
+   where the callback is:
+      void stbi_write_func(void *context, void *data, int size);
+
+   You can define STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO to disable the file variant of these
+   functions, so the library will not use stdio.h at all. However, this will
+   also disable HDR writing, because it requires stdio for formatted output.
+
+   Each function returns 0 on failure and non-0 on success.
+
+   The functions create an image file defined by the parameters. The image
+   is a rectangle of pixels stored from left-to-right, top-to-bottom.
+   Each pixel contains 'comp' channels of data stored interleaved with 8-bits
+   per channel, in the following order: 1=Y, 2=YA, 3=RGB, 4=RGBA. (Y is
+   monochrome color.) The rectangle is 'w' pixels wide and 'h' pixels tall.
+   The *data pointer points to the first byte of the top-left-most pixel.
+   For PNG, "stride_in_bytes" is the distance in bytes from the first byte of
+   a row of pixels to the first byte of the next row of pixels.
+
+   PNG creates output files with the same number of components as the input.
+   The BMP format expands Y to RGB in the file format and does not
+   output alpha.
+
+   PNG supports writing rectangles of data even when the bytes storing rows of
+   data are not consecutive in memory (e.g. sub-rectangles of a larger image),
+   by supplying the stride between the beginning of adjacent rows. The other
+   formats do not. (Thus you cannot write a native-format BMP through the BMP
+   writer, both because it is in BGR order and because it may have padding
+   at the end of the line.)
+
+   HDR expects linear float data. Since the format is always 32-bit rgb(e)
+   data, alpha (if provided) is discarded, and for monochrome data it is
+   replicated across all three channels.
+
+   TGA supports RLE or non-RLE compressed data. To use non-RLE-compressed
+   data, set the global variable 'stbi_write_tga_with_rle' to 0.
+
+   JPEG does ignore alpha channels in input data; quality is between 1 and 100.
+   Higher quality looks better but results in a bigger image.
+   JPEG baseline (no JPEG progressive).
+
+CREDITS:
+
+   PNG/BMP/TGA
+      Sean Barrett
+   HDR
+      Baldur Karlsson
+   TGA monochrome:
+      Jean-Sebastien Guay
+   misc enhancements:
+      Tim Kelsey
+   TGA RLE
+      Alan Hickman
+   initial file IO callback implementation
+      Emmanuel Julien
+   JPEG
+      Jon Olick (original jo_jpeg.cpp code)
+      Daniel Gibson
+   bugfixes:
+      github:Chribba
+      Guillaume Chereau
+      github:jry2
+      github:romigrou
+      Sergio Gonzalez
+      Jonas Karlsson
+      Filip Wasil
+      Thatcher Ulrich
+      github:poppolopoppo
+      Patrick Boettcher
+
+LICENSE
+
+  See end of file for license information.
+
+*/
+
+#ifndef INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_WRITE_H
+#define INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_WRITE_H
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+#ifdef STB_IMAGE_WRITE_STATIC
+#define STBIWDEF static
+#else
+#define STBIWDEF extern
+extern int stbi_write_tga_with_rle;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_png(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data, int stride_in_bytes);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_bmp(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_tga(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_hdr(char const *filename, int w, int h, int comp, const float *data);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_jpg(char const *filename, int x, int y, int comp, const void  *data, int quality);
+#endif
+
+typedef void stbi_write_func(void *context, void *data, int size);
+
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_png_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data, int stride_in_bytes);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_bmp_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_tga_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const void  *data);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_hdr_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int w, int h, int comp, const float *data);
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_jpg_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int x, int y, int comp, const void  *data, int quality);
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif//INCLUDE_STB_IMAGE_WRITE_H
+
+#ifdef STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+   #ifndef _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+   #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
+   #endif
+   #ifndef _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+   #define _CRT_NONSTDC_NO_DEPRECATE
+   #endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+#include <stdio.h>
+#endif // STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <math.h>
+
+#if defined(STBIW_MALLOC) && defined(STBIW_FREE) && (defined(STBIW_REALLOC) || defined(STBIW_REALLOC_SIZED))
+// ok
+#elif !defined(STBIW_MALLOC) && !defined(STBIW_FREE) && !defined(STBIW_REALLOC) && !defined(STBIW_REALLOC_SIZED)
+// ok
+#else
+#error "Must define all or none of STBIW_MALLOC, STBIW_FREE, and STBIW_REALLOC (or STBIW_REALLOC_SIZED)."
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBIW_MALLOC
+#define STBIW_MALLOC(sz)        malloc(sz)
+#define STBIW_REALLOC(p,newsz)  realloc(p,newsz)
+#define STBIW_FREE(p)           free(p)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef STBIW_REALLOC_SIZED
+#define STBIW_REALLOC_SIZED(p,oldsz,newsz) STBIW_REALLOC(p,newsz)
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef STBIW_MEMMOVE
+#define STBIW_MEMMOVE(a,b,sz) memmove(a,b,sz)
+#endif
+
+
+#ifndef STBIW_ASSERT
+#include <assert.h>
+#define STBIW_ASSERT(x) assert(x)
+#endif
+
+#define STBIW_UCHAR(x) (unsigned char) ((x) & 0xff)
+
+typedef struct
+{
+   stbi_write_func *func;
+   void *context;
+} stbi__write_context;
+
+// initialize a callback-based context
+static void stbi__start_write_callbacks(stbi__write_context *s, stbi_write_func *c, void *context)
+{
+   s->func    = c;
+   s->context = context;
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+
+static void stbi__stdio_write(void *context, void *data, int size)
+{
+   fwrite(data,1,size,(FILE*) context);
+}
+
+static int stbi__start_write_file(stbi__write_context *s, const char *filename)
+{
+   FILE *f = fopen(filename, "wb");
+   stbi__start_write_callbacks(s, stbi__stdio_write, (void *) f);
+   return f != NULL;
+}
+
+static void stbi__end_write_file(stbi__write_context *s)
+{
+   fclose((FILE *)s->context);
+}
+
+#endif // !STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+
+typedef unsigned int stbiw_uint32;
+typedef int stb_image_write_test[sizeof(stbiw_uint32)==4 ? 1 : -1];
+
+#ifdef STB_IMAGE_WRITE_STATIC
+static int stbi_write_tga_with_rle = 1;
+#else
+int stbi_write_tga_with_rle = 1;
+#endif
+
+static void stbiw__writefv(stbi__write_context *s, const char *fmt, va_list v)
+{
+   while (*fmt) {
+      switch (*fmt++) {
+         case ' ': break;
+         case '1': { unsigned char x = STBIW_UCHAR(va_arg(v, int));
+                     s->func(s->context,&x,1);
+                     break; }
+         case '2': { int x = va_arg(v,int);
+                     unsigned char b[2];
+                     b[0] = STBIW_UCHAR(x);
+                     b[1] = STBIW_UCHAR(x>>8);
+                     s->func(s->context,b,2);
+                     break; }
+         case '4': { stbiw_uint32 x = va_arg(v,int);
+                     unsigned char b[4];
+                     b[0]=STBIW_UCHAR(x);
+                     b[1]=STBIW_UCHAR(x>>8);
+                     b[2]=STBIW_UCHAR(x>>16);
+                     b[3]=STBIW_UCHAR(x>>24);
+                     s->func(s->context,b,4);
+                     break; }
+         default:
+            STBIW_ASSERT(0);
+            return;
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+static void stbiw__writef(stbi__write_context *s, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+   va_list v;
+   va_start(v, fmt);
+   stbiw__writefv(s, fmt, v);
+   va_end(v);
+}
+
+static void stbiw__putc(stbi__write_context *s, unsigned char c)
+{
+   s->func(s->context, &c, 1);
+}
+
+static void stbiw__write3(stbi__write_context *s, unsigned char a, unsigned char b, unsigned char c)
+{
+   unsigned char arr[3];
+   arr[0] = a, arr[1] = b, arr[2] = c;
+   s->func(s->context, arr, 3);
+}
+
+static void stbiw__write_pixel(stbi__write_context *s, int rgb_dir, int comp, int write_alpha, int expand_mono, unsigned char *d)
+{
+   unsigned char bg[3] = { 255, 0, 255}, px[3];
+   int k;
+
+   if (write_alpha < 0)
+      s->func(s->context, &d[comp - 1], 1);
+
+   switch (comp) {
+      case 2: // 2 pixels = mono + alpha, alpha is written separately, so same as 1-channel case
+      case 1:
+         if (expand_mono)
+            stbiw__write3(s, d[0], d[0], d[0]); // monochrome bmp
+         else
+            s->func(s->context, d, 1);  // monochrome TGA
+         break;
+      case 4:
+         if (!write_alpha) {
+            // composite against pink background
+            for (k = 0; k < 3; ++k)
+               px[k] = bg[k] + ((d[k] - bg[k]) * d[3]) / 255;
+            stbiw__write3(s, px[1 - rgb_dir], px[1], px[1 + rgb_dir]);
+            break;
+         }
+         /* FALLTHROUGH */
+      case 3:
+         stbiw__write3(s, d[1 - rgb_dir], d[1], d[1 + rgb_dir]);
+         break;
+   }
+   if (write_alpha > 0)
+      s->func(s->context, &d[comp - 1], 1);
+}
+
+static void stbiw__write_pixels(stbi__write_context *s, int rgb_dir, int vdir, int x, int y, int comp, void *data, int write_alpha, int scanline_pad, int expand_mono)
+{
+   stbiw_uint32 zero = 0;
+   int i,j, j_end;
+
+   if (y <= 0)
+      return;
+
+   if (vdir < 0)
+      j_end = -1, j = y-1;
+   else
+      j_end =  y, j = 0;
+
+   for (; j != j_end; j += vdir) {
+      for (i=0; i < x; ++i) {
+         unsigned char *d = (unsigned char *) data + (j*x+i)*comp;
+         stbiw__write_pixel(s, rgb_dir, comp, write_alpha, expand_mono, d);
+      }
+      s->func(s->context, &zero, scanline_pad);
+   }
+}
+
+static int stbiw__outfile(stbi__write_context *s, int rgb_dir, int vdir, int x, int y, int comp, int expand_mono, void *data, int alpha, int pad, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+   if (y < 0 || x < 0) {
+      return 0;
+   } else {
+      va_list v;
+      va_start(v, fmt);
+      stbiw__writefv(s, fmt, v);
+      va_end(v);
+      stbiw__write_pixels(s,rgb_dir,vdir,x,y,comp,data,alpha,pad, expand_mono);
+      return 1;
+   }
+}
+
+static int stbi_write_bmp_core(stbi__write_context *s, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data)
+{
+   int pad = (-x*3) & 3;
+   return stbiw__outfile(s,-1,-1,x,y,comp,1,(void *) data,0,pad,
+           "11 4 22 4" "4 44 22 444444",
+           'B', 'M', 14+40+(x*3+pad)*y, 0,0, 14+40,  // file header
+            40, x,y, 1,24, 0,0,0,0,0,0);             // bitmap header
+}
+
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_bmp_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   stbi__start_write_callbacks(&s, func, context);
+   return stbi_write_bmp_core(&s, x, y, comp, data);
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_bmp(char const *filename, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   if (stbi__start_write_file(&s,filename)) {
+      int r = stbi_write_bmp_core(&s, x, y, comp, data);
+      stbi__end_write_file(&s);
+      return r;
+   } else
+      return 0;
+}
+#endif //!STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+
+static int stbi_write_tga_core(stbi__write_context *s, int x, int y, int comp, void *data)
+{
+   int has_alpha = (comp == 2 || comp == 4);
+   int colorbytes = has_alpha ? comp-1 : comp;
+   int format = colorbytes < 2 ? 3 : 2; // 3 color channels (RGB/RGBA) = 2, 1 color channel (Y/YA) = 3
+
+   if (y < 0 || x < 0)
+      return 0;
+
+   if (!stbi_write_tga_with_rle) {
+      return stbiw__outfile(s, -1, -1, x, y, comp, 0, (void *) data, has_alpha, 0,
+         "111 221 2222 11", 0, 0, format, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, x, y, (colorbytes + has_alpha) * 8, has_alpha * 8);
+   } else {
+      int i,j,k;
+
+      stbiw__writef(s, "111 221 2222 11", 0,0,format+8, 0,0,0, 0,0,x,y, (colorbytes + has_alpha) * 8, has_alpha * 8);
+
+      for (j = y - 1; j >= 0; --j) {
+          unsigned char *row = (unsigned char *) data + j * x * comp;
+         int len;
+
+         for (i = 0; i < x; i += len) {
+            unsigned char *begin = row + i * comp;
+            int diff = 1;
+            len = 1;
+
+            if (i < x - 1) {
+               ++len;
+               diff = memcmp(begin, row + (i + 1) * comp, comp);
+               if (diff) {
+                  const unsigned char *prev = begin;
+                  for (k = i + 2; k < x && len < 128; ++k) {
+                     if (memcmp(prev, row + k * comp, comp)) {
+                        prev += comp;
+                        ++len;
+                     } else {
+                        --len;
+                        break;
+                     }
+                  }
+               } else {
+                  for (k = i + 2; k < x && len < 128; ++k) {
+                     if (!memcmp(begin, row + k * comp, comp)) {
+                        ++len;
+                     } else {
+                        break;
+                     }
+                  }
+               }
+            }
+
+            if (diff) {
+               unsigned char header = STBIW_UCHAR(len - 1);
+               s->func(s->context, &header, 1);
+               for (k = 0; k < len; ++k) {
+                  stbiw__write_pixel(s, -1, comp, has_alpha, 0, begin + k * comp);
+               }
+            } else {
+               unsigned char header = STBIW_UCHAR(len - 129);
+               s->func(s->context, &header, 1);
+               stbiw__write_pixel(s, -1, comp, has_alpha, 0, begin);
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+   return 1;
+}
+
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_tga_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   stbi__start_write_callbacks(&s, func, context);
+   return stbi_write_tga_core(&s, x, y, comp, (void *) data);
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_tga(char const *filename, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   if (stbi__start_write_file(&s,filename)) {
+      int r = stbi_write_tga_core(&s, x, y, comp, (void *) data);
+      stbi__end_write_file(&s);
+      return r;
+   } else
+      return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+// *************************************************************************************************
+// Radiance RGBE HDR writer
+// by Baldur Karlsson
+
+#define stbiw__max(a, b)  ((a) > (b) ? (a) : (b))
+
+void stbiw__linear_to_rgbe(unsigned char *rgbe, float *linear)
+{
+   int exponent;
+   float maxcomp = stbiw__max(linear[0], stbiw__max(linear[1], linear[2]));
+
+   if (maxcomp < 1e-32f) {
+      rgbe[0] = rgbe[1] = rgbe[2] = rgbe[3] = 0;
+   } else {
+      float normalize = (float) frexp(maxcomp, &exponent) * 256.0f/maxcomp;
+
+      rgbe[0] = (unsigned char)(linear[0] * normalize);
+      rgbe[1] = (unsigned char)(linear[1] * normalize);
+      rgbe[2] = (unsigned char)(linear[2] * normalize);
+      rgbe[3] = (unsigned char)(exponent + 128);
+   }
+}
+
+void stbiw__write_run_data(stbi__write_context *s, int length, unsigned char databyte)
+{
+   unsigned char lengthbyte = STBIW_UCHAR(length+128);
+   STBIW_ASSERT(length+128 <= 255);
+   s->func(s->context, &lengthbyte, 1);
+   s->func(s->context, &databyte, 1);
+}
+
+void stbiw__write_dump_data(stbi__write_context *s, int length, unsigned char *data)
+{
+   unsigned char lengthbyte = STBIW_UCHAR(length);
+   STBIW_ASSERT(length <= 128); // inconsistent with spec but consistent with official code
+   s->func(s->context, &lengthbyte, 1);
+   s->func(s->context, data, length);
+}
+
+void stbiw__write_hdr_scanline(stbi__write_context *s, int width, int ncomp, unsigned char *scratch, float *scanline)
+{
+   unsigned char scanlineheader[4] = { 2, 2, 0, 0 };
+   unsigned char rgbe[4];
+   float linear[3];
+   int x;
+
+   scanlineheader[2] = (width&0xff00)>>8;
+   scanlineheader[3] = (width&0x00ff);
+
+   /* skip RLE for images too small or large */
+   if (width < 8 || width >= 32768) {
+      for (x=0; x < width; x++) {
+         switch (ncomp) {
+            case 4: /* fallthrough */
+            case 3: linear[2] = scanline[x*ncomp + 2];
+                    linear[1] = scanline[x*ncomp + 1];
+                    linear[0] = scanline[x*ncomp + 0];
+                    break;
+            default:
+                    linear[0] = linear[1] = linear[2] = scanline[x*ncomp + 0];
+                    break;
+         }
+         stbiw__linear_to_rgbe(rgbe, linear);
+         s->func(s->context, rgbe, 4);
+      }
+   } else {
+      int c,r;
+      /* encode into scratch buffer */
+      for (x=0; x < width; x++) {
+         switch(ncomp) {
+            case 4: /* fallthrough */
+            case 3: linear[2] = scanline[x*ncomp + 2];
+                    linear[1] = scanline[x*ncomp + 1];
+                    linear[0] = scanline[x*ncomp + 0];
+                    break;
+            default:
+                    linear[0] = linear[1] = linear[2] = scanline[x*ncomp + 0];
+                    break;
+         }
+         stbiw__linear_to_rgbe(rgbe, linear);
+         scratch[x + width*0] = rgbe[0];
+         scratch[x + width*1] = rgbe[1];
+         scratch[x + width*2] = rgbe[2];
+         scratch[x + width*3] = rgbe[3];
+      }
+
+      s->func(s->context, scanlineheader, 4);
+
+      /* RLE each component separately */
+      for (c=0; c < 4; c++) {
+         unsigned char *comp = &scratch[width*c];
+
+         x = 0;
+         while (x < width) {
+            // find first run
+            r = x;
+            while (r+2 < width) {
+               if (comp[r] == comp[r+1] && comp[r] == comp[r+2])
+                  break;
+               ++r;
+            }
+            if (r+2 >= width)
+               r = width;
+            // dump up to first run
+            while (x < r) {
+               int len = r-x;
+               if (len > 128) len = 128;
+               stbiw__write_dump_data(s, len, &comp[x]);
+               x += len;
+            }
+            // if there's a run, output it
+            if (r+2 < width) { // same test as what we break out of in search loop, so only true if we break'd
+               // find next byte after run
+               while (r < width && comp[r] == comp[x])
+                  ++r;
+               // output run up to r
+               while (x < r) {
+                  int len = r-x;
+                  if (len > 127) len = 127;
+                  stbiw__write_run_data(s, len, comp[x]);
+                  x += len;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+   }
+}
+
+static int stbi_write_hdr_core(stbi__write_context *s, int x, int y, int comp, float *data)
+{
+   if (y <= 0 || x <= 0 || data == NULL)
+      return 0;
+   else {
+      // Each component is stored separately. Allocate scratch space for full output scanline.
+      unsigned char *scratch = (unsigned char *) STBIW_MALLOC(x*4);
+      int i, len;
+      char buffer[128];
+      char header[] = "#?RADIANCE\n# Written by stb_image_write.h\nFORMAT=32-bit_rle_rgbe\n";
+      s->func(s->context, header, sizeof(header)-1);
+
+      len = sprintf(buffer, "EXPOSURE=          1.0000000000000\n\n-Y %d +X %d\n", y, x);
+      s->func(s->context, buffer, len);
+
+      for(i=0; i < y; i++)
+         stbiw__write_hdr_scanline(s, x, comp, scratch, data + comp*i*x);
+      STBIW_FREE(scratch);
+      return 1;
+   }
+}
+
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_hdr_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int x, int y, int comp, const float *data)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   stbi__start_write_callbacks(&s, func, context);
+   return stbi_write_hdr_core(&s, x, y, comp, (float *) data);
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_hdr(char const *filename, int x, int y, int comp, const float *data)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   if (stbi__start_write_file(&s,filename)) {
+      int r = stbi_write_hdr_core(&s, x, y, comp, (float *) data);
+      stbi__end_write_file(&s);
+      return r;
+   } else
+      return 0;
+}
+#endif // STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+
+
+//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+//
+// PNG writer
+//
+
+// stretchy buffer; stbiw__sbpush() == vector<>::push_back() -- stbiw__sbcount() == vector<>::size()
+#define stbiw__sbraw(a) ((int *) (a) - 2)
+#define stbiw__sbm(a)   stbiw__sbraw(a)[0]
+#define stbiw__sbn(a)   stbiw__sbraw(a)[1]
+
+#define stbiw__sbneedgrow(a,n)  ((a)==0 || stbiw__sbn(a)+n >= stbiw__sbm(a))
+#define stbiw__sbmaybegrow(a,n) (stbiw__sbneedgrow(a,(n)) ? stbiw__sbgrow(a,n) : 0)
+#define stbiw__sbgrow(a,n)  stbiw__sbgrowf((void **) &(a), (n), sizeof(*(a)))
+
+#define stbiw__sbpush(a, v)      (stbiw__sbmaybegrow(a,1), (a)[stbiw__sbn(a)++] = (v))
+#define stbiw__sbcount(a)        ((a) ? stbiw__sbn(a) : 0)
+#define stbiw__sbfree(a)         ((a) ? STBIW_FREE(stbiw__sbraw(a)),0 : 0)
+
+static void *stbiw__sbgrowf(void **arr, int increment, int itemsize)
+{
+   int m = *arr ? 2*stbiw__sbm(*arr)+increment : increment+1;
+   void *p = STBIW_REALLOC_SIZED(*arr ? stbiw__sbraw(*arr) : 0, *arr ? (stbiw__sbm(*arr)*itemsize + sizeof(int)*2) : 0, itemsize * m + sizeof(int)*2);
+   STBIW_ASSERT(p);
+   if (p) {
+      if (!*arr) ((int *) p)[1] = 0;
+      *arr = (void *) ((int *) p + 2);
+      stbiw__sbm(*arr) = m;
+   }
+   return *arr;
+}
+
+static unsigned char *stbiw__zlib_flushf(unsigned char *data, unsigned int *bitbuffer, int *bitcount)
+{
+   while (*bitcount >= 8) {
+      stbiw__sbpush(data, STBIW_UCHAR(*bitbuffer));
+      *bitbuffer >>= 8;
+      *bitcount -= 8;
+   }
+   return data;
+}
+
+static int stbiw__zlib_bitrev(int code, int codebits)
+{
+   int res=0;
+   while (codebits--) {
+      res = (res << 1) | (code & 1);
+      code >>= 1;
+   }
+   return res;
+}
+
+static unsigned int stbiw__zlib_countm(unsigned char *a, unsigned char *b, int limit)
+{
+   int i;
+   for (i=0; i < limit && i < 258; ++i)
+      if (a[i] != b[i]) break;
+   return i;
+}
+
+static unsigned int stbiw__zhash(unsigned char *data)
+{
+   stbiw_uint32 hash = data[0] + (data[1] << 8) + (data[2] << 16);
+   hash ^= hash << 3;
+   hash += hash >> 5;
+   hash ^= hash << 4;
+   hash += hash >> 17;
+   hash ^= hash << 25;
+   hash += hash >> 6;
+   return hash;
+}
+
+#define stbiw__zlib_flush() (out = stbiw__zlib_flushf(out, &bitbuf, &bitcount))
+#define stbiw__zlib_add(code,codebits) \
+      (bitbuf |= (code) << bitcount, bitcount += (codebits), stbiw__zlib_flush())
+#define stbiw__zlib_huffa(b,c)  stbiw__zlib_add(stbiw__zlib_bitrev(b,c),c)
+// default huffman tables
+#define stbiw__zlib_huff1(n)  stbiw__zlib_huffa(0x30 + (n), 8)
+#define stbiw__zlib_huff2(n)  stbiw__zlib_huffa(0x190 + (n)-144, 9)
+#define stbiw__zlib_huff3(n)  stbiw__zlib_huffa(0 + (n)-256,7)
+#define stbiw__zlib_huff4(n)  stbiw__zlib_huffa(0xc0 + (n)-280,8)
+#define stbiw__zlib_huff(n)  ((n) <= 143 ? stbiw__zlib_huff1(n) : (n) <= 255 ? stbiw__zlib_huff2(n) : (n) <= 279 ? stbiw__zlib_huff3(n) : stbiw__zlib_huff4(n))
+#define stbiw__zlib_huffb(n) ((n) <= 143 ? stbiw__zlib_huff1(n) : stbiw__zlib_huff2(n))
+
+#define stbiw__ZHASH   16384
+
+unsigned char * stbi_zlib_compress(unsigned char *data, int data_len, int *out_len, int quality)
+{
+   static unsigned short lengthc[] = { 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,15,17,19,23,27,31,35,43,51,59,67,83,99,115,131,163,195,227,258, 259 };
+   static unsigned char  lengtheb[]= { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4,  4,  5,  5,  5,  5,  0 };
+   static unsigned short distc[]   = { 1,2,3,4,5,7,9,13,17,25,33,49,65,97,129,193,257,385,513,769,1025,1537,2049,3073,4097,6145,8193,12289,16385,24577, 32768 };
+   static unsigned char  disteb[]  = { 0,0,0,0,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13 };
+   unsigned int bitbuf=0;
+   int i,j, bitcount=0;
+   unsigned char *out = NULL;
+   unsigned char ***hash_table = (unsigned char***) STBIW_MALLOC(stbiw__ZHASH * sizeof(char**));
+   if (quality < 5) quality = 5;
+
+   stbiw__sbpush(out, 0x78);   // DEFLATE 32K window
+   stbiw__sbpush(out, 0x5e);   // FLEVEL = 1
+   stbiw__zlib_add(1,1);  // BFINAL = 1
+   stbiw__zlib_add(1,2);  // BTYPE = 1 -- fixed huffman
+
+   for (i=0; i < stbiw__ZHASH; ++i)
+      hash_table[i] = NULL;
+
+   i=0;
+   while (i < data_len-3) {
+      // hash next 3 bytes of data to be compressed
+      int h = stbiw__zhash(data+i)&(stbiw__ZHASH-1), best=3;
+      unsigned char *bestloc = 0;
+      unsigned char **hlist = hash_table[h];
+      int n = stbiw__sbcount(hlist);
+      for (j=0; j < n; ++j) {
+         if (hlist[j]-data > i-32768) { // if entry lies within window
+            int d = stbiw__zlib_countm(hlist[j], data+i, data_len-i);
+            if (d >= best) best=d,bestloc=hlist[j];
+         }
+      }
+      // when hash table entry is too long, delete half the entries
+      if (hash_table[h] && stbiw__sbn(hash_table[h]) == 2*quality) {
+         STBIW_MEMMOVE(hash_table[h], hash_table[h]+quality, sizeof(hash_table[h][0])*quality);
+         stbiw__sbn(hash_table[h]) = quality;
+      }
+      stbiw__sbpush(hash_table[h],data+i);
+
+      if (bestloc) {
+         // "lazy matching" - check match at *next* byte, and if it's better, do cur byte as literal
+         h = stbiw__zhash(data+i+1)&(stbiw__ZHASH-1);
+         hlist = hash_table[h];
+         n = stbiw__sbcount(hlist);
+         for (j=0; j < n; ++j) {
+            if (hlist[j]-data > i-32767) {
+               int e = stbiw__zlib_countm(hlist[j], data+i+1, data_len-i-1);
+               if (e > best) { // if next match is better, bail on current match
+                  bestloc = NULL;
+                  break;
+               }
+            }
+         }
+      }
+
+      if (bestloc) {
+         int d = (int) (data+i - bestloc); // distance back
+         STBIW_ASSERT(d <= 32767 && best <= 258);
+         for (j=0; best > lengthc[j+1]-1; ++j);
+         stbiw__zlib_huff(j+257);
+         if (lengtheb[j]) stbiw__zlib_add(best - lengthc[j], lengtheb[j]);
+         for (j=0; d > distc[j+1]-1; ++j);
+         stbiw__zlib_add(stbiw__zlib_bitrev(j,5),5);
+         if (disteb[j]) stbiw__zlib_add(d - distc[j], disteb[j]);
+         i += best;
+      } else {
+         stbiw__zlib_huffb(data[i]);
+         ++i;
+      }
+   }
+   // write out final bytes
+   for (;i < data_len; ++i)
+      stbiw__zlib_huffb(data[i]);
+   stbiw__zlib_huff(256); // end of block
+   // pad with 0 bits to byte boundary
+   while (bitcount)
+      stbiw__zlib_add(0,1);
+
+   for (i=0; i < stbiw__ZHASH; ++i)
+      (void) stbiw__sbfree(hash_table[i]);
+   STBIW_FREE(hash_table);
+
+   {
+      // compute adler32 on input
+      unsigned int s1=1, s2=0;
+      int blocklen = (int) (data_len % 5552);
+      j=0;
+      while (j < data_len) {
+         for (i=0; i < blocklen; ++i) s1 += data[j+i], s2 += s1;
+         s1 %= 65521, s2 %= 65521;
+         j += blocklen;
+         blocklen = 5552;
+      }
+      stbiw__sbpush(out, STBIW_UCHAR(s2 >> 8));
+      stbiw__sbpush(out, STBIW_UCHAR(s2));
+      stbiw__sbpush(out, STBIW_UCHAR(s1 >> 8));
+      stbiw__sbpush(out, STBIW_UCHAR(s1));
+   }
+   *out_len = stbiw__sbn(out);
+   // make returned pointer freeable
+   STBIW_MEMMOVE(stbiw__sbraw(out), out, *out_len);
+   return (unsigned char *) stbiw__sbraw(out);
+}
+
+static unsigned int stbiw__crc32(unsigned char *buffer, int len)
+{
+   static unsigned int crc_table[256] =
+   {
+      0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xEE0E612C, 0x990951BA, 0x076DC419, 0x706AF48F, 0xE963A535, 0x9E6495A3,
+      0x0eDB8832, 0x79DCB8A4, 0xE0D5E91E, 0x97D2D988, 0x09B64C2B, 0x7EB17CBD, 0xE7B82D07, 0x90BF1D91,
+      0x1DB71064, 0x6AB020F2, 0xF3B97148, 0x84BE41DE, 0x1ADAD47D, 0x6DDDE4EB, 0xF4D4B551, 0x83D385C7,
+      0x136C9856, 0x646BA8C0, 0xFD62F97A, 0x8A65C9EC, 0x14015C4F, 0x63066CD9, 0xFA0F3D63, 0x8D080DF5,
+      0x3B6E20C8, 0x4C69105E, 0xD56041E4, 0xA2677172, 0x3C03E4D1, 0x4B04D447, 0xD20D85FD, 0xA50AB56B,
+      0x35B5A8FA, 0x42B2986C, 0xDBBBC9D6, 0xACBCF940, 0x32D86CE3, 0x45DF5C75, 0xDCD60DCF, 0xABD13D59,
+      0x26D930AC, 0x51DE003A, 0xC8D75180, 0xBFD06116, 0x21B4F4B5, 0x56B3C423, 0xCFBA9599, 0xB8BDA50F,
+      0x2802B89E, 0x5F058808, 0xC60CD9B2, 0xB10BE924, 0x2F6F7C87, 0x58684C11, 0xC1611DAB, 0xB6662D3D,
+      0x76DC4190, 0x01DB7106, 0x98D220BC, 0xEFD5102A, 0x71B18589, 0x06B6B51F, 0x9FBFE4A5, 0xE8B8D433,
+      0x7807C9A2, 0x0F00F934, 0x9609A88E, 0xE10E9818, 0x7F6A0DBB, 0x086D3D2D, 0x91646C97, 0xE6635C01,
+      0x6B6B51F4, 0x1C6C6162, 0x856530D8, 0xF262004E, 0x6C0695ED, 0x1B01A57B, 0x8208F4C1, 0xF50FC457,
+      0x65B0D9C6, 0x12B7E950, 0x8BBEB8EA, 0xFCB9887C, 0x62DD1DDF, 0x15DA2D49, 0x8CD37CF3, 0xFBD44C65,
+      0x4DB26158, 0x3AB551CE, 0xA3BC0074, 0xD4BB30E2, 0x4ADFA541, 0x3DD895D7, 0xA4D1C46D, 0xD3D6F4FB,
+      0x4369E96A, 0x346ED9FC, 0xAD678846, 0xDA60B8D0, 0x44042D73, 0x33031DE5, 0xAA0A4C5F, 0xDD0D7CC9,
+      0x5005713C, 0x270241AA, 0xBE0B1010, 0xC90C2086, 0x5768B525, 0x206F85B3, 0xB966D409, 0xCE61E49F,
+      0x5EDEF90E, 0x29D9C998, 0xB0D09822, 0xC7D7A8B4, 0x59B33D17, 0x2EB40D81, 0xB7BD5C3B, 0xC0BA6CAD,
+      0xEDB88320, 0x9ABFB3B6, 0x03B6E20C, 0x74B1D29A, 0xEAD54739, 0x9DD277AF, 0x04DB2615, 0x73DC1683,
+      0xE3630B12, 0x94643B84, 0x0D6D6A3E, 0x7A6A5AA8, 0xE40ECF0B, 0x9309FF9D, 0x0A00AE27, 0x7D079EB1,
+      0xF00F9344, 0x8708A3D2, 0x1E01F268, 0x6906C2FE, 0xF762575D, 0x806567CB, 0x196C3671, 0x6E6B06E7,
+      0xFED41B76, 0x89D32BE0, 0x10DA7A5A, 0x67DD4ACC, 0xF9B9DF6F, 0x8EBEEFF9, 0x17B7BE43, 0x60B08ED5,
+      0xD6D6A3E8, 0xA1D1937E, 0x38D8C2C4, 0x4FDFF252, 0xD1BB67F1, 0xA6BC5767, 0x3FB506DD, 0x48B2364B,
+      0xD80D2BDA, 0xAF0A1B4C, 0x36034AF6, 0x41047A60, 0xDF60EFC3, 0xA867DF55, 0x316E8EEF, 0x4669BE79,
+      0xCB61B38C, 0xBC66831A, 0x256FD2A0, 0x5268E236, 0xCC0C7795, 0xBB0B4703, 0x220216B9, 0x5505262F,
+      0xC5BA3BBE, 0xB2BD0B28, 0x2BB45A92, 0x5CB36A04, 0xC2D7FFA7, 0xB5D0CF31, 0x2CD99E8B, 0x5BDEAE1D,
+      0x9B64C2B0, 0xEC63F226, 0x756AA39C, 0x026D930A, 0x9C0906A9, 0xEB0E363F, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
+      0x95BF4A82, 0xE2B87A14, 0x7BB12BAE, 0x0CB61B38, 0x92D28E9B, 0xE5D5BE0D, 0x7CDCEFB7, 0x0BDBDF21,
+      0x86D3D2D4, 0xF1D4E242, 0x68DDB3F8, 0x1FDA836E, 0x81BE16CD, 0xF6B9265B, 0x6FB077E1, 0x18B74777,
+      0x88085AE6, 0xFF0F6A70, 0x66063BCA, 0x11010B5C, 0x8F659EFF, 0xF862AE69, 0x616BFFD3, 0x166CCF45,
+      0xA00AE278, 0xD70DD2EE, 0x4E048354, 0x3903B3C2, 0xA7672661, 0xD06016F7, 0x4969474D, 0x3E6E77DB,
+      0xAED16A4A, 0xD9D65ADC, 0x40DF0B66, 0x37D83BF0, 0xA9BCAE53, 0xDEBB9EC5, 0x47B2CF7F, 0x30B5FFE9,
+      0xBDBDF21C, 0xCABAC28A, 0x53B39330, 0x24B4A3A6, 0xBAD03605, 0xCDD70693, 0x54DE5729, 0x23D967BF,
+      0xB3667A2E, 0xC4614AB8, 0x5D681B02, 0x2A6F2B94, 0xB40BBE37, 0xC30C8EA1, 0x5A05DF1B, 0x2D02EF8D
+   };
+
+   unsigned int crc = ~0u;
+   int i;
+   for (i=0; i < len; ++i)
+      crc = (crc >> 8) ^ crc_table[buffer[i] ^ (crc & 0xff)];
+   return ~crc;
+}
+
+#define stbiw__wpng4(o,a,b,c,d) ((o)[0]=STBIW_UCHAR(a),(o)[1]=STBIW_UCHAR(b),(o)[2]=STBIW_UCHAR(c),(o)[3]=STBIW_UCHAR(d),(o)+=4)
+#define stbiw__wp32(data,v) stbiw__wpng4(data, (v)>>24,(v)>>16,(v)>>8,(v));
+#define stbiw__wptag(data,s) stbiw__wpng4(data, s[0],s[1],s[2],s[3])
+
+static void stbiw__wpcrc(unsigned char **data, int len)
+{
+   unsigned int crc = stbiw__crc32(*data - len - 4, len+4);
+   stbiw__wp32(*data, crc);
+}
+
+static unsigned char stbiw__paeth(int a, int b, int c)
+{
+   int p = a + b - c, pa = abs(p-a), pb = abs(p-b), pc = abs(p-c);
+   if (pa <= pb && pa <= pc) return STBIW_UCHAR(a);
+   if (pb <= pc) return STBIW_UCHAR(b);
+   return STBIW_UCHAR(c);
+}
+
+// @OPTIMIZE: provide an option that always forces left-predict or paeth predict
+unsigned char *stbi_write_png_to_mem(unsigned char *pixels, int stride_bytes, int x, int y, int n, int *out_len)
+{
+   int ctype[5] = { -1, 0, 4, 2, 6 };
+   unsigned char sig[8] = { 137,80,78,71,13,10,26,10 };
+   unsigned char *out,*o, *filt, *zlib;
+   signed char *line_buffer;
+   int i,j,k,p,zlen;
+
+   if (stride_bytes == 0)
+      stride_bytes = x * n;
+
+   filt = (unsigned char *) STBIW_MALLOC((x*n+1) * y); if (!filt) return 0;
+   line_buffer = (signed char *) STBIW_MALLOC(x * n); if (!line_buffer) { STBIW_FREE(filt); return 0; }
+   for (j=0; j < y; ++j) {
+      static int mapping[] = { 0,1,2,3,4 };
+      static int firstmap[] = { 0,1,0,5,6 };
+      int *mymap = (j != 0) ? mapping : firstmap;
+      int best = 0, bestval = 0x7fffffff;
+      for (p=0; p < 2; ++p) {
+         for (k= p?best:0; k < 5; ++k) { // @TODO: clarity: rewrite this to go 0..5, and 'continue' the unwanted ones during 2nd pass
+            int type = mymap[k],est=0;
+            unsigned char *z = pixels + stride_bytes*j;
+            for (i=0; i < n; ++i)
+               switch (type) {
+                  case 0: line_buffer[i] = z[i]; break;
+                  case 1: line_buffer[i] = z[i]; break;
+                  case 2: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - z[i-stride_bytes]; break;
+                  case 3: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - (z[i-stride_bytes]>>1); break;
+                  case 4: line_buffer[i] = (signed char) (z[i] - stbiw__paeth(0,z[i-stride_bytes],0)); break;
+                  case 5: line_buffer[i] = z[i]; break;
+                  case 6: line_buffer[i] = z[i]; break;
+               }
+            for (i=n; i < x*n; ++i) {
+               switch (type) {
+                  case 0: line_buffer[i] = z[i]; break;
+                  case 1: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - z[i-n]; break;
+                  case 2: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - z[i-stride_bytes]; break;
+                  case 3: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - ((z[i-n] + z[i-stride_bytes])>>1); break;
+                  case 4: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - stbiw__paeth(z[i-n], z[i-stride_bytes], z[i-stride_bytes-n]); break;
+                  case 5: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - (z[i-n]>>1); break;
+                  case 6: line_buffer[i] = z[i] - stbiw__paeth(z[i-n], 0,0); break;
+               }
+            }
+            if (p) break;
+            for (i=0; i < x*n; ++i)
+               est += abs((signed char) line_buffer[i]);
+            if (est < bestval) { bestval = est; best = k; }
+         }
+      }
+      // when we get here, best contains the filter type, and line_buffer contains the data
+      filt[j*(x*n+1)] = (unsigned char) best;
+      STBIW_MEMMOVE(filt+j*(x*n+1)+1, line_buffer, x*n);
+   }
+   STBIW_FREE(line_buffer);
+   zlib = stbi_zlib_compress(filt, y*( x*n+1), &zlen, 8); // increase 8 to get smaller but use more memory
+   STBIW_FREE(filt);
+   if (!zlib) return 0;
+
+   // each tag requires 12 bytes of overhead
+   out = (unsigned char *) STBIW_MALLOC(8 + 12+13 + 12+zlen + 12);
+   if (!out) return 0;
+   *out_len = 8 + 12+13 + 12+zlen + 12;
+
+   o=out;
+   STBIW_MEMMOVE(o,sig,8); o+= 8;
+   stbiw__wp32(o, 13); // header length
+   stbiw__wptag(o, "IHDR");
+   stbiw__wp32(o, x);
+   stbiw__wp32(o, y);
+   *o++ = 8;
+   *o++ = STBIW_UCHAR(ctype[n]);
+   *o++ = 0;
+   *o++ = 0;
+   *o++ = 0;
+   stbiw__wpcrc(&o,13);
+
+   stbiw__wp32(o, zlen);
+   stbiw__wptag(o, "IDAT");
+   STBIW_MEMMOVE(o, zlib, zlen);
+   o += zlen;
+   STBIW_FREE(zlib);
+   stbiw__wpcrc(&o, zlen);
+
+   stbiw__wp32(o,0);
+   stbiw__wptag(o, "IEND");
+   stbiw__wpcrc(&o,0);
+
+   STBIW_ASSERT(o == out + *out_len);
+
+   return out;
+}
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_png(char const *filename, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data, int stride_bytes)
+{
+   FILE *f;
+   int len;
+   unsigned char *png = stbi_write_png_to_mem((unsigned char *) data, stride_bytes, x, y, comp, &len);
+   if (png == NULL) return 0;
+   f = fopen(filename, "wb");
+   if (!f) { STBIW_FREE(png); return 0; }
+   fwrite(png, 1, len, f);
+   fclose(f);
+   STBIW_FREE(png);
+   return 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_png_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data, int stride_bytes)
+{
+   int len;
+   unsigned char *png = stbi_write_png_to_mem((unsigned char *) data, stride_bytes, x, y, comp, &len);
+   if (png == NULL) return 0;
+   func(context, png, len);
+   STBIW_FREE(png);
+   return 1;
+}
+
+
+/* ***************************************************************************
+ *
+ * JPEG writer
+ *
+ * This is based on Jon Olick's jo_jpeg.cpp:
+ * public domain Simple, Minimalistic JPEG writer - http://www.jonolick.com/code.html
+ */
+
+static const unsigned char stbiw__jpg_ZigZag[] = { 0,1,5,6,14,15,27,28,2,4,7,13,16,26,29,42,3,8,12,17,25,30,41,43,9,11,18,
+      24,31,40,44,53,10,19,23,32,39,45,52,54,20,22,33,38,46,51,55,60,21,34,37,47,50,56,59,61,35,36,48,49,57,58,62,63 };
+
+static void stbiw__jpg_writeBits(stbi__write_context *s, int *bitBufP, int *bitCntP, const unsigned short *bs) {
+   int bitBuf = *bitBufP, bitCnt = *bitCntP;
+   bitCnt += bs[1];
+   bitBuf |= bs[0] << (24 - bitCnt);
+   while(bitCnt >= 8) {
+      unsigned char c = (bitBuf >> 16) & 255;
+      stbiw__putc(s, c);
+      if(c == 255) {
+         stbiw__putc(s, 0);
+      }
+      bitBuf <<= 8;
+      bitCnt -= 8;
+   }
+   *bitBufP = bitBuf;
+   *bitCntP = bitCnt;
+}
+
+static void stbiw__jpg_DCT(float *d0p, float *d1p, float *d2p, float *d3p, float *d4p, float *d5p, float *d6p, float *d7p) {
+   float d0 = *d0p, d1 = *d1p, d2 = *d2p, d3 = *d3p, d4 = *d4p, d5 = *d5p, d6 = *d6p, d7 = *d7p;
+   float z1, z2, z3, z4, z5, z11, z13;
+
+   float tmp0 = d0 + d7;
+   float tmp7 = d0 - d7;
+   float tmp1 = d1 + d6;
+   float tmp6 = d1 - d6;
+   float tmp2 = d2 + d5;
+   float tmp5 = d2 - d5;
+   float tmp3 = d3 + d4;
+   float tmp4 = d3 - d4;
+
+   // Even part
+   float tmp10 = tmp0 + tmp3;   // phase 2
+   float tmp13 = tmp0 - tmp3;
+   float tmp11 = tmp1 + tmp2;
+   float tmp12 = tmp1 - tmp2;
+
+   d0 = tmp10 + tmp11;       // phase 3
+   d4 = tmp10 - tmp11;
+
+   z1 = (tmp12 + tmp13) * 0.707106781f; // c4
+   d2 = tmp13 + z1;       // phase 5
+   d6 = tmp13 - z1;
+
+   // Odd part
+   tmp10 = tmp4 + tmp5;       // phase 2
+   tmp11 = tmp5 + tmp6;
+   tmp12 = tmp6 + tmp7;
+
+   // The rotator is modified from fig 4-8 to avoid extra negations.
+   z5 = (tmp10 - tmp12) * 0.382683433f; // c6
+   z2 = tmp10 * 0.541196100f + z5; // c2-c6
+   z4 = tmp12 * 1.306562965f + z5; // c2+c6
+   z3 = tmp11 * 0.707106781f; // c4
+
+   z11 = tmp7 + z3;      // phase 5
+   z13 = tmp7 - z3;
+
+   *d5p = z13 + z2;         // phase 6
+   *d3p = z13 - z2;
+   *d1p = z11 + z4;
+   *d7p = z11 - z4;
+
+   *d0p = d0;  *d2p = d2;  *d4p = d4;  *d6p = d6;
+}
+
+static void stbiw__jpg_calcBits(int val, unsigned short bits[2]) {
+   int tmp1 = val < 0 ? -val : val;
+   val = val < 0 ? val-1 : val;
+   bits[1] = 1;
+   while(tmp1 >>= 1) {
+      ++bits[1];
+   }
+   bits[0] = val & ((1<<bits[1])-1);
+}
+
+static int stbiw__jpg_processDU(stbi__write_context *s, int *bitBuf, int *bitCnt, float *CDU, float *fdtbl, int DC, const unsigned short HTDC[256][2], const unsigned short HTAC[256][2]) {
+   const unsigned short EOB[2] = { HTAC[0x00][0], HTAC[0x00][1] };
+   const unsigned short M16zeroes[2] = { HTAC[0xF0][0], HTAC[0xF0][1] };
+   int dataOff, i, diff, end0pos;
+   int DU[64];
+
+   // DCT rows
+   for(dataOff=0; dataOff<64; dataOff+=8) {
+      stbiw__jpg_DCT(&CDU[dataOff], &CDU[dataOff+1], &CDU[dataOff+2], &CDU[dataOff+3], &CDU[dataOff+4], &CDU[dataOff+5], &CDU[dataOff+6], &CDU[dataOff+7]);
+   }
+   // DCT columns
+   for(dataOff=0; dataOff<8; ++dataOff) {
+      stbiw__jpg_DCT(&CDU[dataOff], &CDU[dataOff+8], &CDU[dataOff+16], &CDU[dataOff+24], &CDU[dataOff+32], &CDU[dataOff+40], &CDU[dataOff+48], &CDU[dataOff+56]);
+   }
+   // Quantize/descale/zigzag the coefficients
+   for(i=0; i<64; ++i) {
+      float v = CDU[i]*fdtbl[i];
+      // DU[stbiw__jpg_ZigZag[i]] = (int)(v < 0 ? ceilf(v - 0.5f) : floorf(v + 0.5f));
+      // ceilf() and floorf() are C99, not C89, but I /think/ they're not needed here anyway?
+      DU[stbiw__jpg_ZigZag[i]] = (int)(v < 0 ? v - 0.5f : v + 0.5f);
+   }
+
+   // Encode DC
+   diff = DU[0] - DC;
+   if (diff == 0) {
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, HTDC[0]);
+   } else {
+      unsigned short bits[2];
+      stbiw__jpg_calcBits(diff, bits);
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, HTDC[bits[1]]);
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, bits);
+   }
+   // Encode ACs
+   end0pos = 63;
+   for(; (end0pos>0)&&(DU[end0pos]==0); --end0pos) {
+   }
+   // end0pos = first element in reverse order !=0
+   if(end0pos == 0) {
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, EOB);
+      return DU[0];
+   }
+   for(i = 1; i <= end0pos; ++i) {
+      int startpos = i;
+      int nrzeroes;
+      unsigned short bits[2];
+      for (; DU[i]==0 && i<=end0pos; ++i) {
+      }
+      nrzeroes = i-startpos;
+      if ( nrzeroes >= 16 ) {
+         int lng = nrzeroes>>4;
+         int nrmarker;
+         for (nrmarker=1; nrmarker <= lng; ++nrmarker)
+            stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, M16zeroes);
+         nrzeroes &= 15;
+      }
+      stbiw__jpg_calcBits(DU[i], bits);
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, HTAC[(nrzeroes<<4)+bits[1]]);
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, bits);
+   }
+   if(end0pos != 63) {
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, bitBuf, bitCnt, EOB);
+   }
+   return DU[0];
+}
+
+static int stbi_write_jpg_core(stbi__write_context *s, int width, int height, int comp, const void* data, int quality) {
+   // Constants that don't pollute global namespace
+   static const unsigned char std_dc_luminance_nrcodes[] = {0,0,1,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0};
+   static const unsigned char std_dc_luminance_values[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};
+   static const unsigned char std_ac_luminance_nrcodes[] = {0,0,2,1,3,3,2,4,3,5,5,4,4,0,0,1,0x7d};
+   static const unsigned char std_ac_luminance_values[] = {
+      0x01,0x02,0x03,0x00,0x04,0x11,0x05,0x12,0x21,0x31,0x41,0x06,0x13,0x51,0x61,0x07,0x22,0x71,0x14,0x32,0x81,0x91,0xa1,0x08,
+      0x23,0x42,0xb1,0xc1,0x15,0x52,0xd1,0xf0,0x24,0x33,0x62,0x72,0x82,0x09,0x0a,0x16,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1a,0x25,0x26,0x27,0x28,
+      0x29,0x2a,0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3a,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,0x4a,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,0x59,
+      0x5a,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6a,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7a,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,0x88,0x89,
+      0x8a,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9a,0xa2,0xa3,0xa4,0xa5,0xa6,0xa7,0xa8,0xa9,0xaa,0xb2,0xb3,0xb4,0xb5,0xb6,
+      0xb7,0xb8,0xb9,0xba,0xc2,0xc3,0xc4,0xc5,0xc6,0xc7,0xc8,0xc9,0xca,0xd2,0xd3,0xd4,0xd5,0xd6,0xd7,0xd8,0xd9,0xda,0xe1,0xe2,
+      0xe3,0xe4,0xe5,0xe6,0xe7,0xe8,0xe9,0xea,0xf1,0xf2,0xf3,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa
+   };
+   static const unsigned char std_dc_chrominance_nrcodes[] = {0,0,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0};
+   static const unsigned char std_dc_chrominance_values[] = {0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11};
+   static const unsigned char std_ac_chrominance_nrcodes[] = {0,0,2,1,2,4,4,3,4,7,5,4,4,0,1,2,0x77};
+   static const unsigned char std_ac_chrominance_values[] = {
+      0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x11,0x04,0x05,0x21,0x31,0x06,0x12,0x41,0x51,0x07,0x61,0x71,0x13,0x22,0x32,0x81,0x08,0x14,0x42,0x91,
+      0xa1,0xb1,0xc1,0x09,0x23,0x33,0x52,0xf0,0x15,0x62,0x72,0xd1,0x0a,0x16,0x24,0x34,0xe1,0x25,0xf1,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1a,0x26,
+      0x27,0x28,0x29,0x2a,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3a,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,0x4a,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,
+      0x59,0x5a,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6a,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7a,0x82,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,
+      0x88,0x89,0x8a,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9a,0xa2,0xa3,0xa4,0xa5,0xa6,0xa7,0xa8,0xa9,0xaa,0xb2,0xb3,0xb4,
+      0xb5,0xb6,0xb7,0xb8,0xb9,0xba,0xc2,0xc3,0xc4,0xc5,0xc6,0xc7,0xc8,0xc9,0xca,0xd2,0xd3,0xd4,0xd5,0xd6,0xd7,0xd8,0xd9,0xda,
+      0xe2,0xe3,0xe4,0xe5,0xe6,0xe7,0xe8,0xe9,0xea,0xf2,0xf3,0xf4,0xf5,0xf6,0xf7,0xf8,0xf9,0xfa
+   };
+   // Huffman tables
+   static const unsigned short YDC_HT[256][2] = { {0,2},{2,3},{3,3},{4,3},{5,3},{6,3},{14,4},{30,5},{62,6},{126,7},{254,8},{510,9}};
+   static const unsigned short UVDC_HT[256][2] = { {0,2},{1,2},{2,2},{6,3},{14,4},{30,5},{62,6},{126,7},{254,8},{510,9},{1022,10},{2046,11}};
+   static const unsigned short YAC_HT[256][2] = {
+      {10,4},{0,2},{1,2},{4,3},{11,4},{26,5},{120,7},{248,8},{1014,10},{65410,16},{65411,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {12,4},{27,5},{121,7},{502,9},{2038,11},{65412,16},{65413,16},{65414,16},{65415,16},{65416,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {28,5},{249,8},{1015,10},{4084,12},{65417,16},{65418,16},{65419,16},{65420,16},{65421,16},{65422,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {58,6},{503,9},{4085,12},{65423,16},{65424,16},{65425,16},{65426,16},{65427,16},{65428,16},{65429,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {59,6},{1016,10},{65430,16},{65431,16},{65432,16},{65433,16},{65434,16},{65435,16},{65436,16},{65437,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {122,7},{2039,11},{65438,16},{65439,16},{65440,16},{65441,16},{65442,16},{65443,16},{65444,16},{65445,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {123,7},{4086,12},{65446,16},{65447,16},{65448,16},{65449,16},{65450,16},{65451,16},{65452,16},{65453,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {250,8},{4087,12},{65454,16},{65455,16},{65456,16},{65457,16},{65458,16},{65459,16},{65460,16},{65461,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {504,9},{32704,15},{65462,16},{65463,16},{65464,16},{65465,16},{65466,16},{65467,16},{65468,16},{65469,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {505,9},{65470,16},{65471,16},{65472,16},{65473,16},{65474,16},{65475,16},{65476,16},{65477,16},{65478,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {506,9},{65479,16},{65480,16},{65481,16},{65482,16},{65483,16},{65484,16},{65485,16},{65486,16},{65487,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {1017,10},{65488,16},{65489,16},{65490,16},{65491,16},{65492,16},{65493,16},{65494,16},{65495,16},{65496,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {1018,10},{65497,16},{65498,16},{65499,16},{65500,16},{65501,16},{65502,16},{65503,16},{65504,16},{65505,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {2040,11},{65506,16},{65507,16},{65508,16},{65509,16},{65510,16},{65511,16},{65512,16},{65513,16},{65514,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {65515,16},{65516,16},{65517,16},{65518,16},{65519,16},{65520,16},{65521,16},{65522,16},{65523,16},{65524,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {2041,11},{65525,16},{65526,16},{65527,16},{65528,16},{65529,16},{65530,16},{65531,16},{65532,16},{65533,16},{65534,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0}
+   };
+   static const unsigned short UVAC_HT[256][2] = {
+      {0,2},{1,2},{4,3},{10,4},{24,5},{25,5},{56,6},{120,7},{500,9},{1014,10},{4084,12},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {11,4},{57,6},{246,8},{501,9},{2038,11},{4085,12},{65416,16},{65417,16},{65418,16},{65419,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {26,5},{247,8},{1015,10},{4086,12},{32706,15},{65420,16},{65421,16},{65422,16},{65423,16},{65424,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {27,5},{248,8},{1016,10},{4087,12},{65425,16},{65426,16},{65427,16},{65428,16},{65429,16},{65430,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {58,6},{502,9},{65431,16},{65432,16},{65433,16},{65434,16},{65435,16},{65436,16},{65437,16},{65438,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {59,6},{1017,10},{65439,16},{65440,16},{65441,16},{65442,16},{65443,16},{65444,16},{65445,16},{65446,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {121,7},{2039,11},{65447,16},{65448,16},{65449,16},{65450,16},{65451,16},{65452,16},{65453,16},{65454,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {122,7},{2040,11},{65455,16},{65456,16},{65457,16},{65458,16},{65459,16},{65460,16},{65461,16},{65462,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {249,8},{65463,16},{65464,16},{65465,16},{65466,16},{65467,16},{65468,16},{65469,16},{65470,16},{65471,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {503,9},{65472,16},{65473,16},{65474,16},{65475,16},{65476,16},{65477,16},{65478,16},{65479,16},{65480,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {504,9},{65481,16},{65482,16},{65483,16},{65484,16},{65485,16},{65486,16},{65487,16},{65488,16},{65489,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {505,9},{65490,16},{65491,16},{65492,16},{65493,16},{65494,16},{65495,16},{65496,16},{65497,16},{65498,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {506,9},{65499,16},{65500,16},{65501,16},{65502,16},{65503,16},{65504,16},{65505,16},{65506,16},{65507,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {2041,11},{65508,16},{65509,16},{65510,16},{65511,16},{65512,16},{65513,16},{65514,16},{65515,16},{65516,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {16352,14},{65517,16},{65518,16},{65519,16},{65520,16},{65521,16},{65522,16},{65523,16},{65524,16},{65525,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},
+      {1018,10},{32707,15},{65526,16},{65527,16},{65528,16},{65529,16},{65530,16},{65531,16},{65532,16},{65533,16},{65534,16},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0},{0,0}
+   };
+   static const int YQT[] = {16,11,10,16,24,40,51,61,12,12,14,19,26,58,60,55,14,13,16,24,40,57,69,56,14,17,22,29,51,87,80,62,18,22,
+                             37,56,68,109,103,77,24,35,55,64,81,104,113,92,49,64,78,87,103,121,120,101,72,92,95,98,112,100,103,99};
+   static const int UVQT[] = {17,18,24,47,99,99,99,99,18,21,26,66,99,99,99,99,24,26,56,99,99,99,99,99,47,66,99,99,99,99,99,99,
+                              99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99,99};
+   static const float aasf[] = { 1.0f * 2.828427125f, 1.387039845f * 2.828427125f, 1.306562965f * 2.828427125f, 1.175875602f * 2.828427125f,
+                                 1.0f * 2.828427125f, 0.785694958f * 2.828427125f, 0.541196100f * 2.828427125f, 0.275899379f * 2.828427125f };
+
+   int row, col, i, k;
+   float fdtbl_Y[64], fdtbl_UV[64];
+   unsigned char YTable[64], UVTable[64];
+
+   if(!data || !width || !height || comp > 4 || comp < 1) {
+      return 0;
+   }
+
+   quality = quality ? quality : 90;
+   quality = quality < 1 ? 1 : quality > 100 ? 100 : quality;
+   quality = quality < 50 ? 5000 / quality : 200 - quality * 2;
+
+   for(i = 0; i < 64; ++i) {
+      int uvti, yti = (YQT[i]*quality+50)/100;
+      YTable[stbiw__jpg_ZigZag[i]] = (unsigned char) (yti < 1 ? 1 : yti > 255 ? 255 : yti);
+      uvti = (UVQT[i]*quality+50)/100;
+      UVTable[stbiw__jpg_ZigZag[i]] = (unsigned char) (uvti < 1 ? 1 : uvti > 255 ? 255 : uvti);
+   }
+
+   for(row = 0, k = 0; row < 8; ++row) {
+      for(col = 0; col < 8; ++col, ++k) {
+         fdtbl_Y[k]  = 1 / (YTable [stbiw__jpg_ZigZag[k]] * aasf[row] * aasf[col]);
+         fdtbl_UV[k] = 1 / (UVTable[stbiw__jpg_ZigZag[k]] * aasf[row] * aasf[col]);
+      }
+   }
+
+   // Write Headers
+   {
+      static const unsigned char head0[] = { 0xFF,0xD8,0xFF,0xE0,0,0x10,'J','F','I','F',0,1,1,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0xFF,0xDB,0,0x84,0 };
+      static const unsigned char head2[] = { 0xFF,0xDA,0,0xC,3,1,0,2,0x11,3,0x11,0,0x3F,0 };
+      const unsigned char head1[] = { 0xFF,0xC0,0,0x11,8,(unsigned char)(height>>8),STBIW_UCHAR(height),(unsigned char)(width>>8),STBIW_UCHAR(width),
+                                      3,1,0x11,0,2,0x11,1,3,0x11,1,0xFF,0xC4,0x01,0xA2,0 };
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)head0, sizeof(head0));
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)YTable, sizeof(YTable));
+      stbiw__putc(s, 1);
+      s->func(s->context, UVTable, sizeof(UVTable));
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)head1, sizeof(head1));
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)(std_dc_luminance_nrcodes+1), sizeof(std_dc_luminance_nrcodes)-1);
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)std_dc_luminance_values, sizeof(std_dc_luminance_values));
+      stbiw__putc(s, 0x10); // HTYACinfo
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)(std_ac_luminance_nrcodes+1), sizeof(std_ac_luminance_nrcodes)-1);
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)std_ac_luminance_values, sizeof(std_ac_luminance_values));
+      stbiw__putc(s, 1); // HTUDCinfo
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)(std_dc_chrominance_nrcodes+1), sizeof(std_dc_chrominance_nrcodes)-1);
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)std_dc_chrominance_values, sizeof(std_dc_chrominance_values));
+      stbiw__putc(s, 0x11); // HTUACinfo
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)(std_ac_chrominance_nrcodes+1), sizeof(std_ac_chrominance_nrcodes)-1);
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)std_ac_chrominance_values, sizeof(std_ac_chrominance_values));
+      s->func(s->context, (void*)head2, sizeof(head2));
+   }
+
+   // Encode 8x8 macroblocks
+   {
+      static const unsigned short fillBits[] = {0x7F, 7};
+      const unsigned char *imageData = (const unsigned char *)data;
+      int DCY=0, DCU=0, DCV=0;
+      int bitBuf=0, bitCnt=0;
+      // comp == 2 is grey+alpha (alpha is ignored)
+      int ofsG = comp > 2 ? 1 : 0, ofsB = comp > 2 ? 2 : 0;
+      int x, y, pos;
+      for(y = 0; y < height; y += 8) {
+         for(x = 0; x < width; x += 8) {
+            float YDU[64], UDU[64], VDU[64];
+            for(row = y, pos = 0; row < y+8; ++row) {
+               for(col = x; col < x+8; ++col, ++pos) {
+                  int p = row*width*comp + col*comp;
+                  float r, g, b;
+                  if(row >= height) {
+                     p -= width*comp*(row+1 - height);
+                  }
+                  if(col >= width) {
+                     p -= comp*(col+1 - width);
+                  }
+
+                  r = imageData[p+0];
+                  g = imageData[p+ofsG];
+                  b = imageData[p+ofsB];
+                  YDU[pos]=+0.29900f*r+0.58700f*g+0.11400f*b-128;
+                  UDU[pos]=-0.16874f*r-0.33126f*g+0.50000f*b;
+                  VDU[pos]=+0.50000f*r-0.41869f*g-0.08131f*b;
+               }
+            }
+
+            DCY = stbiw__jpg_processDU(s, &bitBuf, &bitCnt, YDU, fdtbl_Y, DCY, YDC_HT, YAC_HT);
+            DCU = stbiw__jpg_processDU(s, &bitBuf, &bitCnt, UDU, fdtbl_UV, DCU, UVDC_HT, UVAC_HT);
+            DCV = stbiw__jpg_processDU(s, &bitBuf, &bitCnt, VDU, fdtbl_UV, DCV, UVDC_HT, UVAC_HT);
+         }
+      }
+
+      // Do the bit alignment of the EOI marker
+      stbiw__jpg_writeBits(s, &bitBuf, &bitCnt, fillBits);
+   }
+
+   // EOI
+   stbiw__putc(s, 0xFF);
+   stbiw__putc(s, 0xD9);
+
+   return 1;
+}
+
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_jpg_to_func(stbi_write_func *func, void *context, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data, int quality)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   stbi__start_write_callbacks(&s, func, context);
+   return stbi_write_jpg_core(&s, x, y, comp, (void *) data, quality);
+}
+
+
+#ifndef STBI_WRITE_NO_STDIO
+STBIWDEF int stbi_write_jpg(char const *filename, int x, int y, int comp, const void *data, int quality)
+{
+   stbi__write_context s;
+   if (stbi__start_write_file(&s,filename)) {
+      int r = stbi_write_jpg_core(&s, x, y, comp, data, quality);
+      stbi__end_write_file(&s);
+      return r;
+   } else
+      return 0;
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif // STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
+
+/* Revision history
+      1.07  (2017-07-24)
+             doc fix
+      1.06 (2017-07-23)
+             writing JPEG (using Jon Olick's code)
+      1.05   ???
+      1.04 (2017-03-03)
+             monochrome BMP expansion
+      1.03   ???
+      1.02 (2016-04-02)
+             avoid allocating large structures on the stack
+      1.01 (2016-01-16)
+             STBIW_REALLOC_SIZED: support allocators with no realloc support
+             avoid race-condition in crc initialization
+             minor compile issues
+      1.00 (2015-09-14)
+             installable file IO function
+      0.99 (2015-09-13)
+             warning fixes; TGA rle support
+      0.98 (2015-04-08)
+             added STBIW_MALLOC, STBIW_ASSERT etc
+      0.97 (2015-01-18)
+             fixed HDR asserts, rewrote HDR rle logic
+      0.96 (2015-01-17)
+             add HDR output
+             fix monochrome BMP
+      0.95 (2014-08-17)
+		       add monochrome TGA output
+      0.94 (2014-05-31)
+             rename private functions to avoid conflicts with stb_image.h
+      0.93 (2014-05-27)
+             warning fixes
+      0.92 (2010-08-01)
+             casts to unsigned char to fix warnings
+      0.91 (2010-07-17)
+             first public release
+      0.90   first internal release
+*/
+
+/*
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+This software is available under 2 licenses -- choose whichever you prefer.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE A - MIT License
+Copyright (c) 2017 Sean Barrett
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ALTERNATIVE B - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
+This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.
+Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
+software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
+commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.
+In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
+software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
+domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
+the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
+overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
+this software under copyright law.
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
+ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
+WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+*/
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/.editorconfig b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/.editorconfig
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4ae9de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/.editorconfig
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+root=true
+
+[*]
+indent_style = space
+
+[*.{cpp,cs,h}]
+indent_size = 4
+
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/.gitignore b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..677b8b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+.vs
+*.user
+build
+obj
+out
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/CMakeLists.txt b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/CMakeLists.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b4499a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+set(SMXSDK_SOURCES
+	"sdk/Windows/Helpers.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/Helpers.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMX.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXBuildVersion.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXGif.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXGif.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXManager.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXManager.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.h"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXThread.cpp"
+	"sdk/Windows/SMXThread.h"
+)
+
+add_library(smx STATIC ${SMXSDK_SOURCES})
+
+target_link_libraries(smx PUBLIC hid)
+target_include_directories(smx INTERFACE "sdk")
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/LICENSE.txt b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16ecdac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2017 Step Revolution LLC
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/SMX.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/SMX.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4b18b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/SMX.h
@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+#ifndef SMX_H
+#define SMX_H
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h> // for offsetof
+
+#define SMX_API extern "C"
+
+struct SMXInfo;
+struct SMXConfig;
+enum SensorTestMode : uint32_t;
+enum PanelTestMode : uint32_t;
+enum SMXUpdateCallbackReason : uint32_t;
+struct SMXSensorTestModeData;
+
+// All functions are nonblocking.  Getters will return the most recent state.  Setters will
+// return immediately and do their work in the background.  No functions return errors, and
+// setting data on a pad which isn't connected will have no effect.
+
+// Initialize, and start searching for devices.
+//
+// UpdateCallback will be called when something happens: connection or disconnection, inputs
+// changed, configuration updated, test data updated, etc.  It doesn't specify what's changed,
+// and the user should check all state that it's interested in.
+//
+// This is called asynchronously from a helper thread, so the receiver must be thread-safe.
+typedef void SMXUpdateCallback(int pad, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason, void *pUser);
+SMX_API void SMX_Start(SMXUpdateCallback UpdateCallback, void *pUser);
+
+// Shut down and disconnect from all devices.  This will wait for any user callbacks to complete,
+// and no user callbacks will be called after this returns.  This must not be called from within
+// the update callback.
+SMX_API void SMX_Stop();
+
+// Set a function to receive diagnostic logs.  By default, logs are written to stdout.
+// This can be called before SMX_Start, so it affects any logs sent during initialization.
+typedef void SMXLogCallback(const char *log);
+SMX_API void SMX_SetLogCallback(SMXLogCallback callback);
+
+// Get info about a pad.  Use this to detect which pads are currently connected.
+SMX_API void SMX_GetInfo(int pad, SMXInfo *info);
+
+// Get a mask of the currently pressed panels.
+SMX_API uint16_t SMX_GetInputState(int pad);
+
+// (deprecated) Equivalent to SMX_SetLights2(lightsData, 864).
+SMX_API void SMX_SetLights(const char lightData[864]);
+
+// Update the lights.  Both pads are always updated together.  lightData is a list of 8-bit RGB
+// colors, one for each LED.
+//
+// lightDataSize is the number of bytes in lightsData.  This should be 1350 (2 pads * 9 panels *
+// 25 lights * 3 RGB colors).  For backwards-compatibility, this can also be 864.
+//
+// Each panel has lights in the following order:
+//
+// 00  01  02  03
+//    16  17  18
+// 04  05  06  07
+//   19  20  21
+// 08  09  10  11
+//   22  23  24
+// 12  13  14  15
+//
+// Panels are in the following order:
+//
+// 012 9AB
+// 345 CDE
+// 678 F01
+//
+// With 18 panels, 25 LEDs per panel and 3 bytes per LED, each light update has 1350 bytes of data.
+//
+// Lights will update at up to 30 FPS.  If lights data is sent more quickly, a best effort will be
+// made to send the most recent lights data available, but the panels won't update more quickly.
+//
+// The panels will return to automatic lighting if no lights are received for a while, so applications
+// controlling lights should send light updates continually, even if the lights aren't changing.
+//
+// For backwards compatibility, if lightDataSize is 864, the old 4x4-only order is used,
+// which simply omits lights 16-24.
+SMX_API void SMX_SetLights2(const char *lightData, int lightDataSize);
+
+// By default, the panels light automatically when stepped on.  If a lights command is sent by
+// the application, this stops happening to allow the application to fully control lighting.
+// If no lights update is received for a few seconds, automatic lighting is reenabled by the
+// panels.
+//
+// SMX_ReenableAutoLights can be called to immediately reenable auto-lighting, without waiting
+// for the timeout period to elapse.  Games don't need to call this, since the panels will return
+// to auto-lighting mode automatically after a brief period of no updates.
+SMX_API void SMX_ReenableAutoLights();
+
+// Get the current controller's configuration.
+//
+// Return true if a configuration is available.  If false is returned, no panel is connected
+// and no data will be set.
+SMX_API bool SMX_GetConfig(int pad, SMXConfig *config);
+
+// Update the current controller's configuration.  This doesn't block, and the new configuration will
+// be sent in the background.  SMX_GetConfig will return the new configuration as soon as this call
+// returns, without waiting for it to actually be sent to the controller.
+SMX_API void SMX_SetConfig(int pad, const SMXConfig *config);
+
+// Reset a pad to its original configuration.
+SMX_API void SMX_FactoryReset(int pad);
+
+// Request an immediate panel recalibration.  This is normally not necessary, but can be helpful
+// for diagnostics.
+SMX_API void SMX_ForceRecalibration(int pad);
+
+// Set a sensor test mode and request test data.  This is used by the configuration tool.
+SMX_API void SMX_SetTestMode(int pad, SensorTestMode mode);
+SMX_API bool SMX_GetTestData(int pad, SMXSensorTestModeData *data);
+
+// Set a panel test mode.  These only appear as debug lighting on the panel and don't
+// return data to us.  Lights can't be updated while a panel test mode is active.
+// This applies to all connected pads.
+SMX_API void SMX_SetPanelTestMode(PanelTestMode mode);
+
+// Return the build version of the DLL, which is based on the git tag at build time.  This
+// is only intended for diagnostic logging, and it's also the version we show in SMXConfig.
+SMX_API const char *SMX_Version();
+
+// General info about a connected controller.  This can be retrieved with SMX_GetInfo.
+struct SMXInfo
+{
+    // True if we're fully connected to this controller.  If this is false, the other
+    // fields won't be set.
+    bool m_bConnected = false;
+
+    // This device's serial number.  This can be used to distinguish devices from each
+    // other if more than one is connected.  This is a null-terminated string instead
+    // of a C++ string for C# marshalling.
+    char m_Serial[33];
+
+    // This device's firmware version.
+    uint16_t m_iFirmwareVersion;
+};
+
+enum SMXUpdateCallbackReason : uint32_t {
+    // This is called when a generic state change happens: connection or disconnection, inputs changed,
+    // test data updated, etc.  It doesn't specify what's changed.  We simply check the whole state.
+    SMXUpdateCallback_Updated,
+
+    // This is called when SMX_FactoryReset completes, indicating that SMX_GetConfig will now return
+    // the reset configuration.
+    SMXUpdateCallback_FactoryResetCommandComplete
+};
+
+// Bits for SMXConfig::flags.
+enum SMXConfigFlags {
+    // If set, panels will use the pressed animation when pressed, and stepColor
+    // is ignored.  If unset, panels will be lit solid using stepColor.
+    // masterVersion >= 4.  Previous versions always use stepColor.
+    PlatformFlags_AutoLightingUsePressedAnimations = 1 << 0,
+
+    // If set, panels are using FSRs, otherwise load cells.
+    PlatformFlags_FSR = 1 << 1,
+};
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+
+struct packed_sensor_settings_t {
+    // Load cell thresholds:
+    uint8_t loadCellLowThreshold;
+    uint8_t loadCellHighThreshold;
+
+    // FSR thresholds:
+    uint8_t fsrLowThreshold[4];
+    uint8_t fsrHighThreshold[4];
+
+    uint16_t combinedLowThreshold;
+    uint16_t combinedHighThreshold;
+    
+    // This must be left unchanged.
+    uint16_t reserved;
+};
+
+static_assert(sizeof(packed_sensor_settings_t) == 16, "Incorrect packed_sensor_settings_t size");
+
+// The configuration for a connected controller.  This can be retrieved with SMX_GetConfig
+// and modified with SMX_SetConfig.
+//
+// The order and packing of this struct corresponds to the configuration packet sent to
+// the master controller, so it must not be changed.
+struct SMXConfig
+{
+    // The firmware version of the master controller.  Where supported (version 2 and up), this
+    // will always read back the firmware version.  This will default to 0xFF on version 1, and
+    // we'll always write 0xFF here so it doesn't change on that firmware version.
+    //
+    // We don't need this since we can read the "I" command which also reports the version, but
+    // this allows panels to also know the master version.
+    uint8_t masterVersion = 0xFF;
+
+    // The version of this config packet.  This can be used by the firmware to know which values
+    // have been filled in.  Any values not filled in will always be 0xFF, which can be tested
+    // for, but that doesn't work for values where 0xFF is a valid value.  This value is unrelated
+    // to the firmware version, and just indicates which fields in this packet have been set.
+    // Note that we don't need to increase this any time we add a field, only when it's important
+    // that we be able to tell if a field is set or not.
+    //
+    // Versions:
+    // - 0xFF: This is a config packet from before configVersion was added.
+    // - 0x00: configVersion added
+    // - 0x02: panelThreshold0Low through panelThreshold8High added
+    // - 0x03: debounceDelayMs added
+    uint8_t configVersion = 0x05;
+
+    // Packed flags (masterVersion >= 4).
+    uint8_t flags = 0;
+
+    // Panel thresholds are labelled by their numpad position, eg. Panel8 is up.
+    // If m_iFirmwareVersion is 1, Panel7 corresponds to all of up, down, left and
+    // right, and Panel2 corresponds to UpLeft, UpRight, DownLeft and DownRight.  For
+    // later firmware versions, each panel is configured independently.
+    //
+    // Setting a value to 0xFF disables that threshold.
+
+    // These are internal tunables and should be left unchanged.
+    uint16_t debounceNodelayMilliseconds = 0;
+    uint16_t debounceDelayMilliseconds = 0;
+    uint16_t panelDebounceMicroseconds = 4000;
+    uint8_t autoCalibrationMaxDeviation = 100;
+    uint8_t badSensorMinimumDelaySeconds = 15;
+    uint16_t autoCalibrationAveragesPerUpdate = 60;
+    uint16_t autoCalibrationSamplesPerAverage = 500;
+
+    // The maximum tare value to calibrate to (except on startup).
+    uint16_t autoCalibrationMaxTare = 0xFFFF;
+
+    // Which sensors on each panel to enable.  This can be used to disable sensors that
+    // we know aren't populated.  This is packed, with four sensors on two pads per byte:
+    // enabledSensors[0] & 1 is the first sensor on the first pad, and so on.
+    uint8_t enabledSensors[5];
+
+    // How long the master controller will wait for a lights command before assuming the
+    // game has gone away and resume auto-lights.  This is in 128ms units.
+    uint8_t autoLightsTimeout = 1000/128; // 1 second
+
+    // The color to use for each panel when auto-lighting in master mode.  This doesn't
+    // apply when the pads are in autonomous lighting mode (no master), since they don't
+    // store any configuration by themselves.  These colors should be scaled to the 0-170
+    // range.
+    uint8_t stepColor[3*9];
+
+    // The default color to set the platform LED strip to.
+    uint8_t platformStripColor[3];
+
+    // Which panels to enable auto-lighting for.  Disabled panels will be unlit.
+    // 0x01 = panel 0, 0x02 = panel 1, 0x04 = panel 2, etc.  This only affects
+    // the master controller's built-in auto lighting and not lights data send
+    // from the SDK.
+    uint16_t autoLightPanelMask = 0xFFFF;
+
+    // The rotation of the panel, where 0 is the standard rotation, 1 means the panel is
+    // rotated right 90 degrees, 2 is rotated 180 degrees, and 3 is rotated 270 degrees.
+    // This value is unused.
+    uint8_t panelRotation;
+
+    // Per-panel sensor settings:
+    packed_sensor_settings_t panelSettings[9];
+
+    // These are internal tunables and should be left unchanged.
+    uint8_t preDetailsDelayMilliseconds = 5;
+
+    // Pad the struct to 250 bytes.  This keeps this struct size from changing
+    // as we add fields, so the ABI doesn't change.  Applications should leave
+    // any data in here unchanged when calling SMX_SetConfig.
+    uint8_t padding[49];
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+static_assert(offsetof(SMXConfig, padding) == 201, "Incorrect padding alignment");
+static_assert(sizeof(SMXConfig) == 250, "Expected 250 bytes");
+
+// The values (except for Off) correspond with the protocol and must not be changed.
+enum SensorTestMode : uint32_t {
+    SensorTestMode_Off = 0,
+    // Return the raw, uncalibrated value of each sensor.
+    SensorTestMode_UncalibratedValues = '0',
+
+    // Return the calibrated value of each sensor.
+    SensorTestMode_CalibratedValues = '1',
+
+    // Return the sensor noise value.
+    SensorTestMode_Noise = '2',
+
+    // Return the sensor tare value.
+    SensorTestMode_Tare = '3',
+};
+
+// Data for the current SensorTestMode.  The interpretation of sensorLevel depends on the mode.
+struct SMXSensorTestModeData
+{
+    // If false, sensorLevel[n][*] is zero because we didn't receive a response from that panel.
+    bool bHaveDataFromPanel[9];
+
+    int16_t sensorLevel[9][4];
+    bool bBadSensorInput[9][4];
+
+    // The DIP switch settings on each panel.  This is used for diagnostics displays.
+    int iDIPSwitchPerPanel[9];
+
+    // Bad sensor selection jumper indication for each panel.
+    bool iBadJumper[9][4];
+};
+
+// The values also correspond with the protocol and must not be changed.
+// These are panel-side diagnostics modes.
+enum PanelTestMode : uint32_t {
+    PanelTestMode_Off = '0',
+    PanelTestMode_PressureTest = '1',
+};
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/Helpers.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/Helpers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b7aaae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/Helpers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,341 @@
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <stdexcept>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+namespace {
+    function<void(const string &log)> g_LogCallback = [](const string &log) {
+        printf("%6.3f: %s\n", GetMonotonicTime(), log.c_str());
+    };
+};
+
+void SMX::Log(string s)
+{
+    g_LogCallback(s);
+}
+
+void SMX::Log(wstring s)
+{
+    Log(WideStringToUTF8(s));
+}
+
+void SMX::SetLogCallback(function<void(const string &log)> callback)
+{
+    g_LogCallback = callback;
+}
+
+const DWORD MS_VC_EXCEPTION = 0x406D1388;  
+#pragma pack(push,8)  
+typedef struct tagTHREADNAME_INFO  
+{  
+    DWORD dwType; // Must be 0x1000.  
+    LPCSTR szName; // Pointer to name (in user addr space).  
+    DWORD dwThreadID; // Thread ID (-1=caller thread).  
+    DWORD dwFlags; // Reserved for future use, must be zero.  
+} THREADNAME_INFO;  
+
+#pragma pack(pop)  
+void SMX::SetThreadName(DWORD iThreadId, const string &name)
+{
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+    THREADNAME_INFO info;  
+    info.dwType = 0x1000;  
+    info.szName = name.c_str();  
+    info.dwThreadID = iThreadId;
+    info.dwFlags = 0;
+#pragma warning(push)  
+#pragma warning(disable: 6320 6322)  
+    __try{   
+        RaiseException(MS_VC_EXCEPTION, 0, sizeof(info) / sizeof(ULONG_PTR), (ULONG_PTR*)&info);  
+    }  
+    __except (EXCEPTION_EXECUTE_HANDLER) {
+    }  
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif //_MSC_VER
+}  
+
+void SMX::StripCrnl(wstring &s)
+{
+    while(s.size() && (s[s.size()-1] == '\r' || s[s.size()-1] == '\n'))
+        s.erase(s.size()-1);
+}
+
+wstring SMX::GetErrorString(int err)
+{
+    wchar_t buf[1024] = L"";
+    FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM, 0, err, 0, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL);
+
+    // Fix badly formatted strings returned by FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM.
+    wstring sResult = buf;
+    StripCrnl(sResult);
+    return sResult;
+}
+
+string SMX::vssprintf(const char *szFormat, va_list argList)
+{
+    int iChars = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, szFormat, argList);
+    if(iChars == -1)
+        return string("Error formatting string: ") + szFormat;
+
+    string sStr;
+    sStr.resize(iChars+1);
+    vsnprintf((char *) sStr.data(), iChars+1, szFormat, argList);
+    sStr.resize(iChars);
+
+    return sStr;
+}
+
+string SMX::ssprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, fmt);
+    return vssprintf(fmt, va);
+}
+
+wstring SMX::wvssprintf(const wchar_t *szFormat, va_list argList)
+{
+    int iChars = _vsnwprintf(NULL, 0, szFormat, argList);
+    if(iChars == -1)
+        return wstring(L"Error formatting string: ") + szFormat;
+
+    wstring sStr;
+    sStr.resize(iChars+1);
+    _vsnwprintf((wchar_t *) sStr.data(), iChars+1, szFormat, argList);
+    sStr.resize(iChars);
+
+    return sStr;
+}
+
+wstring SMX::wssprintf(const wchar_t *fmt, ...)
+{
+    va_list va;
+    va_start(va, fmt);
+    return wvssprintf(fmt, va);
+}
+
+string SMX::BinaryToHex(const void *pData_, int iNumBytes)
+{
+    const unsigned char *pData = (const unsigned char *) pData_;
+    string s;
+    for(int i=0; i<iNumBytes; i++)
+    {
+        unsigned val = pData[i];
+        s += ssprintf("%02x", val);
+    }
+    return s;
+}
+
+string SMX::BinaryToHex(const string &sString)
+{
+    return BinaryToHex(sString.data(), sString.size());
+}
+
+bool SMX::GetRandomBytes(void *pData, int iBytes)
+{
+    HCRYPTPROV hCryptProvider = 0;
+    if (!CryptAcquireContext(&hCryptProvider, NULL, MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, (CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT | CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET)) && 
+        !CryptAcquireContext(&hCryptProvider, NULL, MS_DEF_PROV, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT | CRYPT_MACHINE_KEYSET | CRYPT_NEWKEYSET))
+        return 0;
+
+    bool bSuccess = !!CryptGenRandom(hCryptProvider, iBytes, (uint8_t *) pData);
+    CryptReleaseContext(hCryptProvider, 0);
+    return bSuccess;
+}
+
+// Monotonic timer code from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24330496.
+// Why is this hard?
+//
+// This code has backwards compatibility to XP, but we only officially support and
+// test back to Windows 7, so that code path isn't tested.
+typedef struct _KSYSTEM_TIME {
+    ULONG LowPart;
+    LONG High1Time;
+    LONG High2Time;
+} KSYSTEM_TIME;
+#define KUSER_SHARED_DATA 0x7ffe0000
+#define InterruptTime ((KSYSTEM_TIME volatile*)(KUSER_SHARED_DATA + 0x08))
+#define InterruptTimeBias ((ULONGLONG volatile*)(KUSER_SHARED_DATA + 0x3b0))
+
+namespace {
+    LONGLONG ReadInterruptTime()
+    {
+        // Reading the InterruptTime from KUSER_SHARED_DATA is much better than
+        // using GetTickCount() because it doesn't wrap, and is even a little quicker.
+        // This works on all Windows NT versions (NT4 and up).
+        LONG timeHigh;
+        ULONG timeLow;
+        do {
+            timeHigh = InterruptTime->High1Time;
+            timeLow = InterruptTime->LowPart;
+        } while (timeHigh != InterruptTime->High2Time);
+        LONGLONG now = ((LONGLONG)timeHigh << 32) + timeLow;
+        static LONGLONG d = now;
+        return now - d;
+    }
+
+    LONGLONG ScaleQpc(LONGLONG qpc)
+    {
+        // We do the actual scaling in fixed-point rather than floating, to make sure
+        // that we don't violate monotonicity due to rounding errors.  There's no
+        // need to cache QueryPerformanceFrequency().
+        LARGE_INTEGER frequency;
+        QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequency);
+        double fraction = 10000000/double(frequency.QuadPart);
+        LONGLONG denom = 1024;
+        LONGLONG numer = max(1LL, (LONGLONG)(fraction*denom + 0.5));
+        return qpc * numer / denom;
+    }
+
+    ULONGLONG ReadUnbiasedQpc()
+    {
+        // We remove the suspend bias added to QueryPerformanceCounter results by
+        // subtracting the interrupt time bias, which is not strictly speaking legal,
+        // but the units are correct and I think it's impossible for the resulting
+        // "unbiased QPC" value to go backwards.
+        LONGLONG interruptTimeBias, qpc;
+        do {
+            interruptTimeBias = *InterruptTimeBias;
+            LARGE_INTEGER counter;
+            QueryPerformanceCounter(&counter);
+            qpc = counter.QuadPart;
+        } while (interruptTimeBias != static_cast<LONGLONG>(*InterruptTimeBias));
+        static std::pair<LONGLONG,LONGLONG> d(qpc, interruptTimeBias);
+        return ScaleQpc(qpc - d.first) - (interruptTimeBias - d.second);
+    }
+
+    bool Win7OrLater()
+    {
+        static int iWin7OrLater = -1;
+        if(iWin7OrLater != -1)
+            return bool(iWin7OrLater);
+
+        OSVERSIONINFOW ver = {};
+        ver.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(OSVERSIONINFOW);
+        GetVersionExW(&ver);
+        iWin7OrLater = (ver.dwMajorVersion > 6 || (ver.dwMajorVersion == 6 && ver.dwMinorVersion >= 1));
+        return bool(iWin7OrLater);
+    }
+}
+
+/// getMonotonicTime() returns the time elapsed since the application's first
+/// call to getMonotonicTime(), in 100ns units.  The values returned are
+/// guaranteed to be monotonic.  The time ticks in 15ms resolution and advances
+/// during suspend on XP and Vista, but we manage to avoid this on Windows 7
+/// and 8, which also use a high-precision timer.  The time does not wrap after
+/// 49 days.
+double SMX::GetMonotonicTime()
+{
+    // On Windows XP and earlier, QueryPerformanceCounter is not monotonic so we
+    // steer well clear of it; on Vista, it's just a bit slow.
+    uint64_t iTime = Win7OrLater()? ReadUnbiasedQpc() : ReadInterruptTime();
+    return iTime / 10000000.0;
+}
+
+void SMX::GenerateRandom(void *pOut, int iSize)
+{
+    // These calls shouldn't fail.
+    HCRYPTPROV cryptProv;
+    if(!CryptAcquireContextW(&cryptProv, nullptr,
+        L"Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider v1.0",
+        PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT))
+        throw runtime_error("CryptAcquireContext error");
+
+    if(!CryptGenRandom(cryptProv, iSize, (BYTE *) pOut)) 
+        throw runtime_error("CryptGenRandom error");
+
+    if(!CryptReleaseContext(cryptProv, 0))
+        throw runtime_error("CryptReleaseContext error");
+}
+
+string SMX::WideStringToUTF8(wstring s)
+{
+    if(s.empty())
+        return "";
+
+    int iBytes = WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, s.data(), s.size(), NULL, 0, NULL, FALSE );
+
+    string ret;
+    ret.resize(iBytes);
+    WideCharToMultiByte( CP_ACP, 0, s.data(), s.size(), (char *) ret.data(), iBytes, NULL, FALSE );
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+const char *SMX::CreateError(string error)
+{
+    // Store the string in a static so it doesn't get deallocated.
+    static string buf;
+    buf = error;
+    return buf.c_str();
+}
+
+SMX::AutoCloseHandle::AutoCloseHandle(HANDLE h)
+{
+    handle = h;
+}
+
+SMX::AutoCloseHandle::~AutoCloseHandle()
+{
+    if(handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        CloseHandle(handle);
+}
+
+SMX::Mutex::Mutex()
+{
+    m_hLock = CreateMutex(NULL, false, NULL);
+}
+
+SMX::Mutex::~Mutex()
+{
+    CloseHandle(m_hLock);
+}
+
+void SMX::Mutex::Lock()
+{
+    WaitForSingleObject(m_hLock, INFINITE);
+    m_iLockedByThread = GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+void SMX::Mutex::Unlock()
+{
+    m_iLockedByThread = 0;
+    ReleaseMutex(m_hLock);
+}
+
+void SMX::Mutex::AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread()
+{
+    if(m_iLockedByThread == GetCurrentThreadId())
+        throw runtime_error("Expected to not be locked");
+}
+
+void SMX::Mutex::AssertLockedByCurrentThread()
+{
+    if(m_iLockedByThread != GetCurrentThreadId())
+        throw runtime_error("Expected to be locked");
+}
+
+SMX::LockMutex::LockMutex(SMX::Mutex &mutex):
+    m_Mutex(mutex)
+{
+    m_Mutex.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    m_Mutex.Lock();
+}
+
+SMX::LockMutex::~LockMutex()
+{
+    m_Mutex.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+    m_Mutex.Unlock();
+}
+
+// This is a helper to let the config tool open a window, which has no freopen.
+// This isn't exposed in SMX.h.
+// extern "C" __declspec(dllexport) void SMX_Internal_OpenConsole()
+// {
+//     AllocConsole();
+//     freopen("CONOUT$","wb", stdout);
+//     freopen("CONOUT$","wb", stderr);
+// }
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/Helpers.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/Helpers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9861bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/Helpers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#ifndef HELPERS_H
+#define HELPERS_H
+
+#include <string>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <functional>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace SMX
+{
+void Log(string s);
+void Log(wstring s);
+
+// Set a function to receive logs written by SMX::Log.  By default, logs are written
+// to stdout.
+void SetLogCallback(function<void(const string &log)> callback);
+
+void SetThreadName(DWORD iThreadId, const string &name);
+void StripCrnl(wstring &s);
+wstring GetErrorString(int err);
+string vssprintf(const char *szFormat, va_list argList);
+string ssprintf(const char *fmt, ...);
+wstring wvssprintf(const wchar_t *szFormat, va_list argList);
+wstring wssprintf(const wchar_t *fmt, ...);
+string BinaryToHex(const void *pData_, int iNumBytes);
+string BinaryToHex(const string &sString);
+bool GetRandomBytes(void *pData, int iBytes);
+double GetMonotonicTime();
+void GenerateRandom(void *pOut, int iSize);
+string WideStringToUTF8(wstring s);
+
+// Create a char* string that will be valid until the next call to CreateError.
+// This is used to return error messages to the caller.
+const char *CreateError(string error);
+
+#define arraylen(a) (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
+
+// In order to be able to use smart pointers to fully manage an object, we need to get
+// a shared_ptr to pass around, but also store a weak_ptr in the object itself.  This
+// lets the object create shared_ptrs for itself as needed, without keeping itself from
+// being deallocated.
+//
+// This helper allows this pattern:
+//
+// struct Class
+// {
+//    Class(shared_ptr<Class> &pSelf): m_pSelf(GetPointers(pSelf, this)) { }
+//    const weak_ptr<Class> m_pSelf;
+// };
+//
+// shared_ptr<Class> obj;
+// new Class(obj);
+//
+// For a more convenient way to invoke this, see CreateObj() below.
+
+template<typename T>
+weak_ptr<T> GetPointers(shared_ptr<T> &pSharedPtr, T *pObj)
+{
+    pSharedPtr.reset(pObj);
+    return pSharedPtr;
+}
+
+// Create a class that retains a weak reference to itself, returning a shared_ptr.
+template<typename T, class... Args>
+shared_ptr<T> CreateObj(Args&&... args)
+{
+    shared_ptr<T> pResult;
+    new T(pResult, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+    return dynamic_pointer_cast<T>(pResult);
+}
+
+class AutoCloseHandle
+{
+public:
+    AutoCloseHandle(HANDLE h);
+    ~AutoCloseHandle();
+    HANDLE value() const { return handle; }
+
+private:
+    AutoCloseHandle(const AutoCloseHandle &rhs);
+    AutoCloseHandle &operator=(const AutoCloseHandle &rhs);
+    HANDLE handle;
+};
+
+class Mutex
+{
+public:
+    Mutex();
+    ~Mutex();
+    void Lock();
+    void Unlock();
+
+    void AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    void AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+private:
+    HANDLE m_hLock = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    DWORD m_iLockedByThread = 0;
+};
+
+// A local lock helper for Mutex.
+class LockMutex
+{
+public:
+    LockMutex(Mutex &mutex);
+    ~LockMutex();
+
+private:
+    Mutex &m_Mutex;
+};
+
+
+class Event
+{
+public:
+    Event(Mutex &lock):
+        m_Lock(lock)
+    {
+        m_hEvent = make_shared<AutoCloseHandle>(CreateEvent(NULL, false, false, NULL));
+    }
+
+    void Set()
+    {
+        SetEvent(m_hEvent->value());
+    }
+
+    // Unlock m_Lock, wait up to iDelayMilliseconds for the event to be set,
+    // then lock m_Lock.  If iDelayMilliseconds is -1, wait forever.
+    void Wait(int iDelayMilliseconds)
+    {
+        if(iDelayMilliseconds == -1)
+            iDelayMilliseconds = INFINITE;
+
+        m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+        m_Lock.Unlock();
+        vector<HANDLE> aHandles = { m_hEvent->value() };
+        WaitForSingleObjectEx(m_hEvent->value(), iDelayMilliseconds, true);
+        m_Lock.Lock();
+    }
+
+private:
+    shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> m_hEvent;
+    Mutex &m_Lock;
+};
+
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMX.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMX.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..98052b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMX.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// This implements the public API.
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+
+#include "../SMX.h"
+#include "SMXManager.h"
+#include "SMXDevice.h"
+#include "SMXBuildVersion.h"
+#include "SMXPanelAnimation.h" // for SMX_LightsAnimation_SetAuto
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+BOOL APIENTRY DllMain(HMODULE hModule, DWORD  ul_reason_for_call, LPVOID lpReserved)
+{
+    switch(ul_reason_for_call)
+    {
+    case DLL_PROCESS_ATTACH:
+    case DLL_THREAD_ATTACH:
+    case DLL_THREAD_DETACH:
+    case DLL_PROCESS_DETACH:
+        break;
+    }
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+// DLL interface:
+SMX_API void SMX_Start(SMXUpdateCallback callback, void *pUser)
+{
+    if(SMXManager::g_pSMX != NULL)
+        return;
+
+    // The C++ interface takes a std::function, which doesn't need a user pointer.  We add
+    // one for the C interface for convenience.
+    auto UpdateCallback = [callback, pUser](int pad, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason) {
+        callback(pad, reason, pUser);
+    };
+
+    // Log(ssprintf("Struct sizes (native): %i %i %i\n", sizeof(SMXConfig), sizeof(SMXInfo), sizeof(SMXSensorTestModeData)));
+    SMXManager::g_pSMX = make_shared<SMXManager>(UpdateCallback);
+}
+
+SMX_API void SMX_Stop()
+{
+    // If lights animation is running, shut it down first.
+    SMX_LightsAnimation_SetAuto(false);
+
+    SMXManager::g_pSMX.reset();
+}
+
+SMX_API void SMX_SetLogCallback(SMXLogCallback callback)
+{
+    // Wrap the C callback with a C++ one.
+    SMX::SetLogCallback([callback](const string &log) {
+        callback(log.c_str());
+    });
+}
+
+SMX_API bool SMX_GetConfig(int pad, SMXConfig *config) { return SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->GetConfig(*config); }
+SMX_API void SMX_SetConfig(int pad, const SMXConfig *config) { SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->SetConfig(*config); }
+SMX_API void SMX_GetInfo(int pad, SMXInfo *info) { SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->GetInfo(*info); }
+SMX_API uint16_t SMX_GetInputState(int pad) { return SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->GetInputState(); }
+SMX_API void SMX_FactoryReset(int pad) { SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->FactoryReset(); }
+SMX_API void SMX_ForceRecalibration(int pad) { SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->ForceRecalibration(); }
+SMX_API void SMX_SetTestMode(int pad, SensorTestMode mode) { SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->SetSensorTestMode(mode); }
+SMX_API bool SMX_GetTestData(int pad, SMXSensorTestModeData *data) { return SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->GetTestData(*data); }
+SMX_API void SMX_SetPanelTestMode(PanelTestMode mode) { SMXManager::g_pSMX->SetPanelTestMode(mode); }
+
+SMX_API void SMX_SetLights(const char lightData[864])
+{
+    SMX_SetLights2(lightData, 864);
+}
+SMX_API void SMX_SetLights2(const char *lightData, int lightDataSize)
+{
+    // The lightData into data per pad depending on whether we've been
+    // given 16 or 25 lights of data.
+    string lights[2];
+    const int BytesPerPad16 = 9*16*3;
+    const int BytesPerPad25 = 9*25*3;
+    if(lightDataSize == 2*BytesPerPad16)
+    {
+        lights[0] = string(lightData, BytesPerPad16);
+        lights[1] = string(lightData + BytesPerPad16, BytesPerPad16);
+    }
+    else if(lightDataSize == 2*BytesPerPad25)
+    {
+        lights[0] = string(lightData, BytesPerPad25);
+        lights[1] = string(lightData + BytesPerPad25, BytesPerPad25);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("SMX_SetLights2: lightDataSize is invalid (must be %i or %i)\n",
+            2*BytesPerPad16, 2*BytesPerPad25));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    SMXManager::g_pSMX->SetLights(lights);
+
+    // If we're running auto animations, stop them when we get an API call to set lights.
+    SMXAutoPanelAnimations::TemporaryStopAnimating();
+}
+
+// This is internal for SMXConfig.  These lights aren't meant to be animated.
+SMX_API void SMX_SetPlatformLights(const char lightData[88*3], int lightDataSize)
+{
+    if(lightDataSize != 88*3)
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("SMX_SetPlatformLights: lightDataSize is invalid (must be %i)\n",
+            88*3));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    string lights[2];
+    lights[0] = string(lightData, 44*3);
+    lights[1] = string(lightData + 44*3, 44*3);
+    SMXManager::g_pSMX->SetPlatformLights(lights);
+}
+
+SMX_API void SMX_ReenableAutoLights() { SMXManager::g_pSMX->ReenableAutoLights(); }
+SMX_API const char *SMX_Version() { return SMX_BUILD_VERSION; }
+
+// These aren't exposed in the public API, since they're only used internally.
+SMX_API void SMX_SetOnlySendLightsOnChange(bool value) { SMXManager::g_pSMX->SetOnlySendLightsOnChange(value); }
+SMX_API void SMX_SetSerialNumbers() { SMXManager::g_pSMX->SetSerialNumbers(); }
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXBuildVersion.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXBuildVersion.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07dfabe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXBuildVersion.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+// This file is auto-generated by update-build-version.bat in the SDK when building the release DLL
+// in spice2x, a fixed value will be used as the SDK is staticaly linked 
+ 
+#ifndef SMXBuildVersion_h 
+#define SMXBuildVersion_h 
+ 
+#define SMX_BUILD_VERSION "00000001" 
+ 
+#endif 
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86a74a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+#include "SMXConfigPacket.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <cstring>
+
+// The config packet format changed in version 5.  This handles compatibility with
+// the old configuration packet.  The config packet in SMX.h matches the new format.
+//
+
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+struct OldSMXConfig
+{
+    uint8_t unused1 = 0xFF, unused2 = 0xFF;
+    uint8_t unused3 = 0xFF, unused4 = 0xFF;
+    uint8_t unused5 = 0xFF, unused6 = 0xFF;
+
+    uint16_t masterDebounceMilliseconds = 0;
+    uint8_t panelThreshold7Low = 0xFF, panelThreshold7High = 0xFF; // was "cardinal"
+    uint8_t panelThreshold4Low = 0xFF, panelThreshold4High = 0xFF; // was "center"
+    uint8_t panelThreshold2Low = 0xFF, panelThreshold2High = 0xFF; // was "corner"
+
+    uint16_t panelDebounceMicroseconds = 4000;
+    uint16_t autoCalibrationPeriodMilliseconds = 1000;
+    uint8_t autoCalibrationMaxDeviation = 100;
+    uint8_t badSensorMinimumDelaySeconds = 15;
+    uint16_t autoCalibrationAveragesPerUpdate = 60;
+
+    uint8_t unused7 = 0xFF, unused8 = 0xFF;
+
+    uint8_t panelThreshold1Low = 0xFF, panelThreshold1High = 0xFF; // was "up"
+
+    uint8_t enabledSensors[5];
+
+    uint8_t autoLightsTimeout = 1000/128; // 1 second
+
+    uint8_t stepColor[3*9];
+
+    uint8_t panelRotation;
+
+    uint16_t autoCalibrationSamplesPerAverage = 500;
+
+    uint8_t masterVersion = 0xFF;
+    uint8_t configVersion = 0x03;
+
+    uint8_t unused9[10];
+    uint8_t panelThreshold0Low, panelThreshold0High;
+    uint8_t panelThreshold3Low, panelThreshold3High;
+    uint8_t panelThreshold5Low, panelThreshold5High;
+    uint8_t panelThreshold6Low, panelThreshold6High;
+    uint8_t panelThreshold8Low, panelThreshold8High;
+
+    uint16_t debounceDelayMilliseconds = 0;
+
+    uint8_t padding[164];
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
+static_assert(offsetof(OldSMXConfig, padding) == 86, "Incorrect padding alignment");
+static_assert(sizeof(OldSMXConfig) == 250, "Expected 250 bytes");
+
+void ConvertToNewConfig(const vector<uint8_t> &oldConfigData, SMXConfig &newConfig)
+{
+    // Copy data in its order within OldSMXConfig.  This lets us easily stop at each
+    // known packet version.  Any fields that aren't present in oldConfigData will be
+    // left at their default values in SMXConfig.
+    const OldSMXConfig &oldConfig = (OldSMXConfig &) *oldConfigData.data();
+
+    newConfig.debounceNodelayMilliseconds = oldConfig.masterDebounceMilliseconds;
+
+    newConfig.panelSettings[7].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold7Low;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[4].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold4Low;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[2].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold2Low;
+
+    newConfig.panelSettings[7].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold7High;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[4].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold4High;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[2].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold2High;
+
+    newConfig.panelDebounceMicroseconds = oldConfig.panelDebounceMicroseconds;
+    newConfig.autoCalibrationMaxDeviation = oldConfig.autoCalibrationMaxDeviation;
+    newConfig.badSensorMinimumDelaySeconds = oldConfig.badSensorMinimumDelaySeconds;
+    newConfig.autoCalibrationAveragesPerUpdate = oldConfig.autoCalibrationAveragesPerUpdate;
+
+    newConfig.panelSettings[1].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold1Low;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[1].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold1High;
+
+    memcpy(newConfig.enabledSensors, oldConfig.enabledSensors, sizeof(newConfig.enabledSensors));
+    newConfig.autoLightsTimeout = oldConfig.autoLightsTimeout;
+    memcpy(newConfig.stepColor, oldConfig.stepColor, sizeof(newConfig.stepColor));
+    newConfig.panelRotation = oldConfig.panelRotation;
+    newConfig.autoCalibrationSamplesPerAverage = oldConfig.autoCalibrationSamplesPerAverage;
+
+    if(oldConfig.configVersion == 0xFF)
+        return;
+
+    newConfig.masterVersion = oldConfig.masterVersion;
+    newConfig.configVersion = oldConfig.configVersion;
+
+    if(oldConfig.configVersion < 2)
+        return;
+
+    newConfig.panelSettings[0].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold0Low;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[3].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold3Low;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[5].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold5Low;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[6].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold6Low;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[8].loadCellLowThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold8Low;
+
+    newConfig.panelSettings[0].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold0High;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[3].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold3High;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[5].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold5High;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[6].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold6High;
+    newConfig.panelSettings[8].loadCellHighThreshold = oldConfig.panelThreshold8High;
+
+    if(oldConfig.configVersion < 3)
+        return;
+
+    newConfig.debounceDelayMilliseconds = oldConfig.debounceDelayMilliseconds;
+}
+
+// oldConfigData contains the data we're replacing.  Any fields that exist in the old
+// config format and not the new one will be left unchanged.
+void ConvertToOldConfig(const SMXConfig &newConfig, vector<uint8_t> &oldConfigData)
+{
+    OldSMXConfig &oldConfig = (OldSMXConfig &) *oldConfigData.data();
+
+    // We don't need to check configVersion here.  It's safe to set all fields in
+    // the output config packet.  If oldConfigData isn't 128 bytes, extend it.
+    if(oldConfigData.size() < 128)
+        oldConfigData.resize(128, 0xFF);
+
+    oldConfig.masterDebounceMilliseconds = newConfig.debounceNodelayMilliseconds;
+
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold7Low = newConfig.panelSettings[7].loadCellLowThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold4Low = newConfig.panelSettings[4].loadCellLowThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold2Low = newConfig.panelSettings[2].loadCellLowThreshold;
+
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold7High = newConfig.panelSettings[7].loadCellHighThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold4High = newConfig.panelSettings[4].loadCellHighThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold2High = newConfig.panelSettings[2].loadCellHighThreshold;
+
+    oldConfig.panelDebounceMicroseconds = newConfig.panelDebounceMicroseconds;
+    oldConfig.autoCalibrationMaxDeviation = newConfig.autoCalibrationMaxDeviation;
+    oldConfig.badSensorMinimumDelaySeconds = newConfig.badSensorMinimumDelaySeconds;
+    oldConfig.autoCalibrationAveragesPerUpdate = newConfig.autoCalibrationAveragesPerUpdate;
+
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold1Low = newConfig.panelSettings[1].loadCellLowThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold1High = newConfig.panelSettings[1].loadCellHighThreshold;
+
+    memcpy(oldConfig.enabledSensors, newConfig.enabledSensors, sizeof(newConfig.enabledSensors));
+    oldConfig.autoLightsTimeout = newConfig.autoLightsTimeout;
+    memcpy(oldConfig.stepColor, newConfig.stepColor, sizeof(newConfig.stepColor));
+    oldConfig.panelRotation = newConfig.panelRotation;
+    oldConfig.autoCalibrationSamplesPerAverage = newConfig.autoCalibrationSamplesPerAverage;
+
+    oldConfig.masterVersion = newConfig.masterVersion;
+    oldConfig.configVersion= newConfig.configVersion;
+
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold0Low = newConfig.panelSettings[0].loadCellLowThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold3Low = newConfig.panelSettings[3].loadCellLowThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold5Low = newConfig.panelSettings[5].loadCellLowThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold6Low = newConfig.panelSettings[6].loadCellLowThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold8Low = newConfig.panelSettings[8].loadCellLowThreshold;
+
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold0High = newConfig.panelSettings[0].loadCellHighThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold3High = newConfig.panelSettings[3].loadCellHighThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold5High = newConfig.panelSettings[5].loadCellHighThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold6High = newConfig.panelSettings[6].loadCellHighThreshold;
+    oldConfig.panelThreshold8High = newConfig.panelSettings[8].loadCellHighThreshold;
+
+    oldConfig.debounceDelayMilliseconds = newConfig.debounceDelayMilliseconds;
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..563a9af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXConfigPacket.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#ifndef SMXConfigPacket_h
+#define SMXConfigPacket_h
+
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "../SMX.h"
+
+void ConvertToNewConfig(const vector<uint8_t> &oldConfig, SMXConfig &newConfig);
+void ConvertToOldConfig(const SMXConfig &newConfig, vector<uint8_t> &oldConfigData);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aec37b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,607 @@
+#include "SMXDevice.h"
+
+#include "../SMX.h"
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include "SMXDeviceConnection.h"
+#include "SMXDeviceSearch.h"
+#include "SMXConfigPacket.h"
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include <map>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+// Extract test data for panel iPanel.
+static void ReadDataForPanel(const vector<uint16_t> &data, int iPanel, void *pOut, int iOutSize)
+{
+    size_t m_iBit = 0;
+
+    uint8_t *p = (uint8_t *) pOut;
+
+    // Read each byte.
+    for(int i = 0; i < iOutSize; ++i)
+    {
+        // Read each bit in this byte.
+        uint8_t result = 0;
+        for(int j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
+        {
+            bool bit = false;
+
+            if(m_iBit < data.size())
+            {
+                bit = data[m_iBit] & (1 << iPanel);
+                m_iBit++;
+            }
+
+            result |= bit << j;
+        }
+
+        *p++ = result;
+    }
+}
+
+
+shared_ptr<SMXDevice> SMX::SMXDevice::Create(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> hEvent, Mutex &lock)
+{
+    return CreateObj<SMXDevice>(hEvent, lock);
+}
+
+SMX::SMXDevice::SMXDevice(shared_ptr<SMXDevice> &pSelf, shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> hEvent, Mutex &lock):
+    m_hEvent(hEvent),
+    m_Lock(lock),
+    m_pSelf(GetPointers(pSelf, this))
+{
+    m_pConnection = SMXDeviceConnection::Create();
+}
+
+SMX::SMXDevice::~SMXDevice()
+{
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDevice::OpenDeviceHandle(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> pHandle, wstring &sError)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+    return m_pConnection->Open(pHandle, sError);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::CloseDevice()
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    m_pConnection->Close();
+    m_bHaveConfig = false;
+    m_bSendConfig = false;
+    m_bSendingConfig = false;
+    m_bWaitingForConfigResponse = false;
+
+    CallUpdateCallback(SMXUpdateCallback_Updated);
+}
+
+shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> SMX::SMXDevice::GetDeviceHandle() const
+{
+    return m_pConnection->GetDeviceHandle();
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::SetUpdateCallback(function<void(int PadNumber, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason)> pCallback)
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    m_pUpdateCallback = pCallback;
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDevice::IsConnected() const
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // Don't expose the device as connected until we've read the current configuration.
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    return IsConnectedLocked();
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDevice::IsConnectedLocked() const
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+    return m_pConnection->IsConnectedWithDeviceInfo() && m_bHaveConfig;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::SendCommand(string cmd, function<void(string response)> pComplete)
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    SendCommandLocked(cmd, pComplete);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::SendCommandLocked(string cmd, function<void(string response)> pComplete)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    if(!m_pConnection->IsConnected())
+    {
+        // If we're not connected, just call pComplete.
+        if(pComplete)
+            pComplete("");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // This call is nonblocking, so it's safe to do this in the UI thread.
+    m_pConnection->SendCommand(cmd, pComplete);
+
+    // Wake up the communications thread to send the message.
+    if(m_hEvent)
+        SetEvent(m_hEvent->value());
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::GetInfo(SMXInfo &info)
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    GetInfoLocked(info);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::GetInfoLocked(SMXInfo &info)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    info = SMXInfo();
+    info.m_bConnected = IsConnectedLocked();
+    if(!info.m_bConnected)
+        return;
+
+    // Copy fields from the low-level device info to the high-level struct.
+    // These are kept separate because the interface depends on the format
+    // of SMXInfo, but it doesn't care about anything inside SMXDeviceConnection.
+    SMXDeviceInfo deviceInfo = m_pConnection->GetDeviceInfo();
+    memcpy(info.m_Serial, deviceInfo.m_Serial, sizeof(info.m_Serial));
+    info.m_iFirmwareVersion = deviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion;
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDevice::IsPlayer2Locked() const
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+    if(!IsConnectedLocked())
+        return false;
+
+    return m_pConnection->GetDeviceInfo().m_bP2;
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDevice::GetConfig(SMXConfig &configOut)
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    return GetConfigLocked(configOut);
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDevice::GetConfigLocked(SMXConfig &configOut)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // If SetConfig was called to write a new configuration but we haven't sent it
+    // yet, return it instead of the configuration we read alst, so GetConfig
+    // immediately after SetConfig returns the value the caller expects set.
+    if(m_bSendConfig)
+        configOut = wanted_config;
+    else
+        configOut = config;
+
+    return m_bHaveConfig;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::SetConfig(const SMXConfig &newConfig)
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    wanted_config = newConfig;
+    m_bSendConfig = true;
+}
+
+uint16_t SMX::SMXDevice::GetInputState() const
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    return m_pConnection->GetInputState();
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::FactoryReset()
+{
+    // Send a factory reset command, and then read the new configuration.
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    SendCommandLocked("f\n");
+
+    SMXDeviceInfo deviceInfo = m_pConnection->GetDeviceInfo();
+
+    SendCommandLocked(deviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion >= 5? "G":"g\n",
+    [&](string response) {
+        // We now have the new configuration.
+        m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+        if(deviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion >= 5)
+        {
+            // Factory reset resets the platform strip color saved to the configuration, but doesn't
+            // apply it to the lights.  Do that now.
+            string sLightCommand;
+            sLightCommand.push_back('L');
+            sLightCommand.push_back(0); // LED strip index (always 0)
+            sLightCommand.push_back(44); // number of LEDs to set
+
+            // config.platformStripColor[0];
+            for(int i = 0; i < 44; ++i)
+            {
+                sLightCommand += config.platformStripColor[0];
+                sLightCommand += config.platformStripColor[1];
+                sLightCommand += config.platformStripColor[2];
+            }
+
+            SendCommandLocked(sLightCommand);
+        }
+
+        CallUpdateCallback(SMXUpdateCallback_FactoryResetCommandComplete);
+    });
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::ForceRecalibration()
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    SendCommandLocked("C\n");
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::SetSensorTestMode(SensorTestMode mode)
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+    m_SensorTestMode = mode;
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDevice::GetTestData(SMXSensorTestModeData &data)
+{
+    LockMutex Lock(m_Lock);
+
+    // Stop if we haven't read test mode data yet.
+    if(!m_HaveSensorTestModeData)
+        return false;
+
+    data = m_SensorTestData;
+    return true;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::CallUpdateCallback(SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    if(!m_pUpdateCallback)
+        return;
+
+    SMXDeviceInfo deviceInfo = m_pConnection->GetDeviceInfo();
+    m_pUpdateCallback(deviceInfo.m_bP2? 1:0, reason);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::HandlePackets()
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    while(1)
+    {
+        string buf;
+        if(!m_pConnection->ReadPacket(buf))
+            break;
+        if(buf.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        switch(buf[0])
+        {
+        case 'y':
+            HandleSensorTestDataResponse(buf);
+            break;
+
+        // 'g' is sent by firmware versions 1-4.  Version 5 and newer send 'G', to ensure
+        // older code doesn't misinterpret the modified config packet format.
+        case 'g':
+        case 'G':
+        {
+            // This command reads back the configuration we wrote with 'w', or the defaults if
+            // we haven't written any.
+            if(buf.size() < 2)
+            {
+                Log("Communication error: invalid configuration packet");
+                continue;
+            }
+            size_t iSize = (uint8_t) buf[1];
+            if(buf.size() < iSize+2)
+            {
+                Log("Communication error: invalid configuration packet");
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // Store the raw config data in rawConfig.  For V1-4 firmwares, this is the
+            // old config format.
+            rawConfig.resize(iSize);
+            memcpy(rawConfig.data(), buf.data()+2, min(static_cast<size_t>(iSize), sizeof(config)));
+
+            if(buf[0] == 'g')
+            {
+                // Convert the old config format to the new one, so the rest of the SDK and
+                // user code doesn't need to deal with multiple formats.
+                ConvertToNewConfig(rawConfig, config);
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                // This is the new config format.  Copy it directly into config.
+                memcpy(&config, buf.data()+2, min(iSize, sizeof(config)));
+            }
+
+            m_bHaveConfig = true;
+            buf.erase(buf.begin(), buf.begin()+iSize+2);
+
+            // Log(ssprintf("Read back configuration: %i bytes, first byte %i", iSize, buf[2]));
+
+            CallUpdateCallback(SMXUpdateCallback_Updated);
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// If m_bSendConfig is true, send the configuration to the pad.  Note that while the game
+// always sends its configuration, so the pad is configured according to the game's configuration,
+// we only change the configuration if the user changes something so we don't overwrite
+// his configuration.
+void SMX::SMXDevice::SendConfig()
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    if(!m_pConnection->IsConnected() || !m_bSendConfig || m_bSendingConfig)
+        return;
+
+    // We can't update the configuration until we've received the device's previous
+    // configuration.
+    if(!m_bHaveConfig)
+        return;
+
+    // If we're still waiting for a previous configuration to read back, don't send
+    // another yet.
+    if(m_bWaitingForConfigResponse)
+        return;
+
+    // Rate limit updating the configuration, to prevent excess EEPROM wear.  This is just
+    // a safeguard in case applications try to change the configuration in realtime.  If we've
+    // written the configuration recently, stop.  We'll write the most recent configuration
+    // once enough time has passed.  This is hidden to the application, since GetConfig returns
+    // wanted_config if it's set.
+    // const float fTimeBetweenConfigUpdates = 1.0f;
+    double fNow = SMX::GetMonotonicTime();
+    if(m_fDelayConfigUpdatesUntil > fNow)
+        return;
+    m_fDelayConfigUpdatesUntil = fNow + 1.0f;
+
+    SMXDeviceInfo deviceInfo = m_pConnection->GetDeviceInfo();
+
+    // Write configuration command.  This is "w" in versions 1-4, and "W" in versions 5
+    // and newer.
+    string sData = ssprintf(deviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion >= 5? "W":"w");
+
+    // Append the config packet.
+    if(deviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion < 5)
+    {
+        // Convert wanted_config to the old configuration format.
+        vector<uint8_t> outputConfig = rawConfig;
+        ConvertToOldConfig(wanted_config, outputConfig);
+
+        uint8_t iSize = (uint8_t) outputConfig.size();
+        sData.append((char *) &iSize, sizeof(iSize));
+        sData.append((char *) outputConfig.data(), outputConfig.size());
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        int8_t iSize = sizeof(SMXConfig);
+        sData.append((char *) &iSize, sizeof(iSize));
+        sData.append((char *) &wanted_config, sizeof(wanted_config));
+    }
+
+    // Don't send another config packet until this one finishes, so if we get a bunch of
+    // SetConfig calls quickly we won't spam the device, which can get slow.
+    m_bSendingConfig = true;
+    SendCommandLocked(sData, [&](string response) {
+        m_bSendingConfig = false;
+    });
+    m_bSendConfig = false;
+
+    // Assume the configuration is what we just sent, so calls to GetConfig will
+    // continue to return it.  Otherwise, they'd return the old values until the
+    // command below completes.
+    config = wanted_config;
+
+    // Don't send another configuration packet until we receive the response to the above
+    // command.  If we're sending updates quickly (eg. dragging the color slider), we can
+    // send multiple updates before we get a response.
+    m_bWaitingForConfigResponse = true;
+
+    // After we write the configuration, read back the updated configuration to
+    // verify it.  This command is "g" in versions 1-4, and "G" in versions 5 and
+    // newer.
+    SendCommandLocked(
+        deviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion >= 5? "G":"g\n", [this](string response) {
+        m_bWaitingForConfigResponse = false;
+    });
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::Update(wstring &sError)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    if(!m_pConnection->IsConnected())
+        return;
+
+    CheckActive();
+    SendConfig();
+    UpdateSensorTestMode();
+
+    {
+        uint16_t iOldState = m_pConnection->GetInputState();
+
+        // Process any received packets, and start sending any waiting packets.
+        m_pConnection->Update(sError);
+        if(!sError.empty())
+            return;
+
+        // If the inputs changed from packets we just processed, call the update callback.
+        if(iOldState != m_pConnection->GetInputState())
+            CallUpdateCallback(SMXUpdateCallback_Updated);
+    }
+
+    HandlePackets();
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDevice::CheckActive()
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // If there's no connected device, or we've already activated it, we have nothing to do.
+    if(!m_pConnection->IsConnectedWithDeviceInfo() || m_pConnection->GetActive())
+        return;
+
+    m_pConnection->SetActive(true);
+
+    SMXDeviceInfo deviceInfo = m_pConnection->GetDeviceInfo();
+
+    // Read the current configuration.  The device will return a "g" or "G" response
+    // containing its current SMXConfig.
+    SendCommandLocked(deviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion >= 5? "G":"g\n");
+}
+
+// Check if we need to request test mode data.
+void SMX::SMXDevice::UpdateSensorTestMode()
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    if(m_SensorTestMode == SensorTestMode_Off)
+        return;
+
+    // Request sensor data from the master.  Don't send this if we have a request outstanding
+    // already.
+    uint32_t now = GetTickCount();
+    if(m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse != SensorTestMode_Off)
+    {
+        // This request should be quick.  If we haven't received a response in a long
+        // time, assume the request wasn't received.
+        if(now - m_SentSensorTestModeRequestAtTicks < 2000)
+            return;
+    }
+
+
+    // Send the request.
+    m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse = m_SensorTestMode;
+    m_SentSensorTestModeRequestAtTicks = now;
+
+    SendCommandLocked(ssprintf("y%c\n", m_SensorTestMode));
+}
+
+// Handle a response to UpdateTestMode.
+void SMX::SMXDevice::HandleSensorTestDataResponse(const string &sReadBuffer)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // "y" is a response to our "y" query.  This is binary data, with the format:
+    // yAB......
+    // where A is our original query mode (currently '0' or '1'), and B is the number
+    // of bits from each panel in the response.  Each bit is encoded as a 16-bit int,
+    // with each int having the response bits from each panel.
+    if(sReadBuffer.size() < 3)
+        return;
+
+    // If we don't have the whole packet yet, wait.
+    size_t iSize = sReadBuffer[2] * 2;
+    if(sReadBuffer.size() < iSize + 3)
+        return;
+
+    SensorTestMode iMode = (SensorTestMode) sReadBuffer[1];
+
+    // Copy off the data and remove it from the serial buffer.
+    vector<uint16_t> data;
+    for(size_t i = 3; i < iSize + 3; i += 2)
+    {
+        uint16_t iValue =
+            (uint8_t(sReadBuffer[i+1]) << 8) |
+            (uint8_t(sReadBuffer[i+0]) << 0);
+        data.push_back(iValue);
+    }
+
+    if(m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse == SensorTestMode_Off)
+    {
+        Log("Ignoring unexpected sensor data request.  It may have been sent by another application.");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if(iMode != m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse)
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("Ignoring unexpected sensor data request (got %i, expected %i)", iMode, m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse = SensorTestMode_Off;
+
+    // We match m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse, which is the sensor request we most
+    // recently sent.  If we don't match g_SensorTestMode, then the sensor mode was changed
+    // while a request was in the air.  Just ignore the response.
+    if(iMode != m_SensorTestMode)
+        return;
+
+#pragma pack(push,1)
+    struct detail_data {
+        uint8_t sig1:1; // always 0
+        uint8_t sig2:1; // always 1
+        uint8_t sig3:1; // always 0
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_0:1;
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_1:1;
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_2:1;
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_3:1;
+        uint8_t dummy:1;
+            
+        int16_t sensors[4];
+
+        uint8_t dip:4;
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_dip_0:1;
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_dip_1:1;
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_dip_2:1;
+        uint8_t bad_sensor_dip_3:1;
+    };
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+    m_HaveSensorTestModeData = true;
+    SMXSensorTestModeData &output = m_SensorTestData;
+
+    bool bLastHaveDataFromPanel[9];
+    memcpy(bLastHaveDataFromPanel, output.bHaveDataFromPanel, sizeof(output.bHaveDataFromPanel));
+    memset(output.bHaveDataFromPanel, 0, sizeof(output.bHaveDataFromPanel));
+
+    memset(output.sensorLevel, 0, sizeof(output.sensorLevel));
+    memset(output.bBadSensorInput, 0, sizeof(output.bBadSensorInput));
+    memset(output.iDIPSwitchPerPanel, 0, sizeof(output.iDIPSwitchPerPanel));
+    memset(output.iBadJumper, 0, sizeof(output.iBadJumper));
+    
+    for(int iPanel = 0; iPanel < 9; ++iPanel)
+    {
+        // Decode the response from this panel.
+        detail_data pad_data;
+        ReadDataForPanel(data, iPanel, &pad_data, sizeof(pad_data));
+
+        // Check the header.  This is always 0 1 0, to identify it as a response, and not as random
+        // steps from the player.
+        if(pad_data.sig1 != 0 || pad_data.sig2 != 1 || pad_data.sig3 != 0)
+        {
+            if(bLastHaveDataFromPanel[iPanel])
+                Log(ssprintf("No data from panel %i (%02x %02x %02x)", iPanel, pad_data.sig1, pad_data.sig2, pad_data.sig3));
+            output.bHaveDataFromPanel[iPanel] = false;
+            continue;
+        }
+        output.bHaveDataFromPanel[iPanel] = true;
+
+        // These bits are true if that sensor's most recent reading is invalid.
+        output.bBadSensorInput[iPanel][0] = pad_data.bad_sensor_0;
+        output.bBadSensorInput[iPanel][1] = pad_data.bad_sensor_1;
+        output.bBadSensorInput[iPanel][2] = pad_data.bad_sensor_2;
+        output.bBadSensorInput[iPanel][3] = pad_data.bad_sensor_3;
+        output.iDIPSwitchPerPanel[iPanel]  = pad_data.dip;
+        output.iBadJumper[iPanel][0] = pad_data.bad_sensor_dip_0;
+        output.iBadJumper[iPanel][1] = pad_data.bad_sensor_dip_1;
+        output.iBadJumper[iPanel][2] = pad_data.bad_sensor_dip_2;
+        output.iBadJumper[iPanel][3] = pad_data.bad_sensor_dip_3;
+
+        for(int iSensor = 0; iSensor < 4; ++iSensor)
+            output.sensorLevel[iPanel][iSensor] = pad_data.sensors[iSensor];
+    }
+
+    CallUpdateCallback(SMXUpdateCallback_Updated);
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba8c267
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDevice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#ifndef SMXDevice_h
+#define SMXDevice_h
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <functional>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include "../SMX.h"
+
+namespace SMX
+{
+class SMXDeviceConnection;
+
+// The high-level interface to a single controller.  This is managed by SMXManager, and uses SMXDeviceConnection
+// for low-level USB communication.
+class SMXDevice
+{
+public:
+    // Create an SMXDevice.
+    //
+    // lock is our serialization mutex.  This is shared across SMXManager and all SMXDevices.
+    //
+    // hEvent is signalled when we have new packets to be sent, to wake the communications thread.  The
+    // device handle opened with OpenPort must also be monitored, to check when packets have been received
+    // (or successfully sent).
+    static shared_ptr<SMXDevice> Create(shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> hEvent, SMX::Mutex &lock);
+    SMXDevice(shared_ptr<SMXDevice> &pSelf, shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> hEvent, SMX::Mutex &lock);
+    ~SMXDevice();
+
+    bool OpenDeviceHandle(shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> pHandle, wstring &sError);
+    void CloseDevice();
+    shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> GetDeviceHandle() const;
+
+    // Set a function to be called when something changes on the device.  This allows efficiently
+    // detecting when a panel is pressed or other changes happen on the device.
+    void SetUpdateCallback(function<void(int PadNumber, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason)> pCallback);
+
+    // Return true if we're connected.
+    bool IsConnected() const;
+
+    // Send a raw command.
+    void SendCommand(string sCmd, function<void(string response)> pComplete=nullptr);
+    void SendCommandLocked(string sCmd, function<void(string response)> pComplete=nullptr);
+
+    // Get basic info about the device.
+    void GetInfo(SMXInfo &info);
+    void GetInfoLocked(SMXInfo &info); // used by SMXManager
+
+    // Return true if this device is configured as player 2.
+    bool IsPlayer2Locked() const; // used by SMXManager
+
+    // Get the configuration of the connected device (or the most recently read configuration if
+    // we're not connected).
+    bool GetConfig(SMXConfig &configOut);
+    bool GetConfigLocked(SMXConfig &configOut);
+
+    // Set the configuration of the connected device.
+    //
+    // This is asynchronous and returns immediately.
+    void SetConfig(const SMXConfig &newConfig);
+
+    // Return a mask of the panels currently pressed.
+    uint16_t GetInputState() const;
+
+    // Reset the configuration data to what the device used when it was first flashed.
+    // GetConfig() will continue to return the previous configuration until this command
+    // completes, which is signalled by a SMXUpdateCallback_FactoryResetCommandComplete callback.
+    void FactoryReset();
+
+    // Force immediate fast recalibration.  This is the same calibration that happens at
+    // boot.  This is only used for diagnostics, and the panels will normally auto-calibrate
+    // on their own.
+    void ForceRecalibration();
+
+    // Set the test mode of the connected device.
+    //
+    // This is asynchronous and returns immediately.
+    void SetSensorTestMode(SensorTestMode mode);
+
+    // Return the most recent test data we've received from the pad.  Return false if we haven't
+    // received test data since changing the test mode (or if we're not in a test mode).
+    bool GetTestData(SMXSensorTestModeData &data);
+
+    // Internal:
+
+    // Update this device, processing received packets and sending any outbound packets.
+    // m_Lock must be held.
+    //
+    // sError will be set on a communications error.  The owner must close the device.
+    void Update(wstring &sError);
+
+private:
+    shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> m_hEvent;
+    SMX::Mutex &m_Lock;
+
+    function<void(int PadNumber, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason)> m_pUpdateCallback;
+    weak_ptr<SMXDevice> m_pSelf;
+
+    shared_ptr<SMXDeviceConnection> m_pConnection;
+
+    // The configuration we've read from the device.  m_bHaveConfig is true if we've received
+    // a configuration from the device since we've connected to it.
+    SMXConfig config;
+    vector<uint8_t> rawConfig;
+    bool m_bHaveConfig = false;
+    double m_fDelayConfigUpdatesUntil = 0;
+
+    // This is the configuration the user has set, if he's changed anything.  We send this to
+    // the device if m_bSendConfig is true.  Once we send it once, m_bSendConfig is cleared, and
+    // if we see a different configuration from the device again we won't re-send this.
+    SMXConfig wanted_config;
+    bool m_bSendConfig = false;
+    bool m_bSendingConfig = false;
+    bool m_bWaitingForConfigResponse = false;
+
+    void CallUpdateCallback(SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason);
+    void HandlePackets();
+
+    void SendConfig();
+    void CheckActive();
+    bool IsConnectedLocked() const;
+
+    // Test/diagnostics mode handling.
+    void UpdateSensorTestMode();
+    void HandleSensorTestDataResponse(const string &sReadBuffer);
+    SensorTestMode m_WaitingForSensorTestModeResponse = SensorTestMode_Off;
+    SensorTestMode m_SensorTestMode = SensorTestMode_Off;
+    bool m_HaveSensorTestModeData = false;
+    SMXSensorTestModeData m_SensorTestData;
+    uint32_t m_SentSensorTestModeRequestAtTicks = 0;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef48ebf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+#include "SMXDeviceConnection.h"
+#include "Helpers.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+extern "C"
+{
+#include <hidsdi.h>
+}
+#include <setupapi.h>
+
+SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::PendingCommandPacket::PendingCommandPacket()
+{
+}
+
+SMXDeviceConnection::PendingCommand::PendingCommand()
+{
+    memset(&m_Overlapped, 0, sizeof(m_Overlapped));
+}
+
+shared_ptr<SMX::SMXDeviceConnection> SMXDeviceConnection::Create()
+{
+    return CreateObj<SMXDeviceConnection>();
+}
+
+SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::SMXDeviceConnection(shared_ptr<SMXDeviceConnection> &pSelf):
+    m_pSelf(GetPointers(pSelf, this))
+{
+    memset(&overlapped_read, 0, sizeof(overlapped_read));
+}
+
+SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::~SMXDeviceConnection()
+{
+    Close();
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::Open(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> DeviceHandle, wstring &sError)
+{
+    m_hDevice = DeviceHandle;
+
+    if(!HidD_SetNumInputBuffers(DeviceHandle->value(), 512))
+        Log(ssprintf("Error: HidD_SetNumInputBuffers: %ls", GetErrorString(GetLastError()).c_str()));
+
+    // Begin the first async read.
+    BeginAsyncRead(sError);
+
+    // Request device info.
+    RequestDeviceInfo([&](string response) {
+        Log(ssprintf("Received device info.  Master version: %i, P%i", m_DeviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion, m_DeviceInfo.m_bP2+1));
+        m_bGotInfo = true;
+    });
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::Close()
+{
+    Log("Closing device");
+
+    if(m_hDevice)
+        CancelIo(m_hDevice->value());
+
+    // If we're being closed while a command was in progress, call its completion
+    // callback, so it's guaranteed to always be called.
+    if(m_pCurrentCommand && m_pCurrentCommand->m_pComplete)
+        m_pCurrentCommand->m_pComplete("");
+
+    // If any commands were queued with completion callbacks, call their completion
+    // callbacks.
+    for(auto &pendingCommand: m_aPendingCommands)
+    {
+        if(pendingCommand->m_pComplete)
+            pendingCommand->m_pComplete("");
+    }
+
+    m_hDevice.reset();
+    m_sReadBuffers.clear();
+    m_aPendingCommands.clear();
+    memset(&overlapped_read, 0, sizeof(overlapped_read));
+    m_bActive = false;
+    m_bGotInfo = false;
+    m_pCurrentCommand = nullptr;
+    m_iInputState = 0;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::SetActive(bool bActive)
+{
+    if(m_bActive == bActive)
+        return;
+
+    m_bActive = bActive;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::Update(wstring &sError)
+{
+    if(!sError.empty())
+        return;
+
+    if(m_hDevice == nullptr)
+    {
+        sError = L"Device not open";
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // A read packet can allow us to initiate a write, so check reads before writes.
+    CheckReads(sError);
+    CheckWrites(sError);
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::ReadPacket(string &out)
+{
+    if(m_sReadBuffers.empty())
+        return false;
+    out = m_sReadBuffers.front();
+    m_sReadBuffers.pop_front();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::CheckReads(wstring &error)
+{
+    if(m_pCurrentCommand)
+    {
+        // See if this command timed out.  This doesn't happen often, so this is
+        // mostly just a failsafe.  The controller takes a moment to initialize on
+        // startup, so we use a large enough timeout that this doesn't trigger on
+        // every connection.
+        double fSecondsAgo = SMX::GetMonotonicTime() - m_pCurrentCommand->m_fSentAt;
+        if(fSecondsAgo > 2.0f)
+        {
+            // If we didn't get a response in this long, we're not going to.  Retry the
+            // command by cancelling its I/O and moving it back to the command queue.
+            //
+            // if we were delayed and the response is in the queue, we'll get out of sync
+            Log("Command timed out.  Retrying...");
+            CancelIoEx(m_hDevice->value(), &m_pCurrentCommand->m_Overlapped);
+
+            // Block until the cancellation completes.  This should happen quickly.
+            DWORD unused;
+            GetOverlappedResult(m_hDevice->value(), &m_pCurrentCommand->m_Overlapped, &unused, true);
+
+            m_aPendingCommands.push_front(m_pCurrentCommand);
+            m_pCurrentCommand = nullptr;
+            Log("Command requeued");
+        }
+    }
+
+    DWORD bytes;
+    int result = GetOverlappedResult(m_hDevice->value(), &overlapped_read, &bytes, FALSE);
+    if(result == 0)
+    {
+        int windows_error = GetLastError();
+        if(windows_error != ERROR_IO_PENDING && windows_error != ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
+            error = wstring(L"Error reading device: ") + GetErrorString(windows_error).c_str();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    HandleUsbPacket(string(overlapped_read_buffer, bytes));
+
+    // Start the next read.
+    BeginAsyncRead(error);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::HandleUsbPacket(const string &buf)
+{
+    if(buf.empty())
+        return;
+    // Log(ssprintf("Read: %s", BinaryToHex(buf).c_str()));
+
+    int iReportId = buf[0];
+    switch(iReportId)
+    {
+    case 3:
+        // Input state.  We could also read this as a normal HID button change.
+        m_iInputState = ((buf[2] & 0xFF) << 8) |
+                ((buf[1] & 0xFF) << 0);
+
+        // Log(ssprintf("Input state: %x (%x %x)\n", m_iInputState, buf[2], buf[1]));
+        break;
+
+    case 6:
+        // A HID serial packet.
+        if(buf.size() < 3)
+            return;
+
+        int cmd = buf[1];
+
+#define PACKET_FLAG_START_OF_COMMAND      0x04
+#define PACKET_FLAG_END_OF_COMMAND        0x01
+#define PACKET_FLAG_HOST_CMD_FINISHED     0x02
+#define PACKET_FLAG_DEVICE_INFO           0x80
+
+        size_t bytes = buf[2];
+        if(3 + bytes > buf.size())
+        {
+            Log("Communication error: oversized packet (ignored)");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        string sPacket( buf.begin()+3, buf.begin()+3+bytes );
+
+        if(cmd & PACKET_FLAG_DEVICE_INFO)
+        {
+            // This is a response to RequestDeviceInfo.  Since any application can send this,
+            // we ignore the packet if we didn't request it, since it might be requested for
+            // a different program.
+            if(m_pCurrentCommand == nullptr || !m_pCurrentCommand->m_bIsDeviceInfoCommand)
+                break;
+
+            // We're little endian and the device is too, so we can just match the struct.
+            // We're depending on correct padding.
+            struct data_info_packet
+            {
+                char cmd; // always 'I'
+                uint8_t packet_size; // not used
+                char player; // '0' for P1, '1' for P2:
+                char unused2;
+                uint8_t serial[16];
+                uint16_t firmware_version;
+                char unused3; // always '\n'
+            };
+
+            // The packet contains data_info_packet.  The packet is actually one byte smaller
+            // due to a padding byte added (it contains 23 bytes of data but the struct is
+            // 24 bytes).  Resize to be sure.
+            sPacket.resize(sizeof(data_info_packet));
+
+            // Convert the info packet from the wire protocol to our friendlier API.
+            const data_info_packet *packet = (data_info_packet *) sPacket.data();
+            m_DeviceInfo.m_bP2 = packet->player == '1';
+            m_DeviceInfo.m_iFirmwareVersion = packet->firmware_version;
+
+            // The serial is binary in this packet.  Hex format it, which is the same thing
+            // we'll get if we read the USB serial number (eg. HidD_GetSerialNumberString).
+            string sHexSerial = BinaryToHex(packet->serial, 16);
+            memcpy(m_DeviceInfo.m_Serial, sHexSerial.c_str(), 33);
+
+            if(m_pCurrentCommand->m_pComplete)
+                m_pCurrentCommand->m_pComplete(sPacket);
+            m_pCurrentCommand = nullptr;
+
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // If we're not active, ignore all packets other than device info.  This is always false
+        // while we're in Open() waiting for the device info response.
+        if(!m_bActive)
+            break;
+
+        if(cmd & PACKET_FLAG_START_OF_COMMAND && !m_sCurrentReadBuffer.empty())
+        {
+            // When we get a start packet, the read buffer should already be empty.  If
+            // it isn't, we got a command that didn't end with an END_OF_COMMAND packet,
+            // and something is wrong.  This shouldn't happen, so warn about it and recover
+            // by clearing the junk in the buffer.
+            Log(ssprintf("Got PACKET_FLAG_START_OF_COMMAND, but we had %i bytes in the read buffer",
+                m_sCurrentReadBuffer.size()));
+
+            m_sCurrentReadBuffer.clear();
+        }
+
+        m_sCurrentReadBuffer.append(sPacket);
+
+        // Note that if PACKET_FLAG_HOST_CMD_FINISHED is set, PACKET_FLAG_END_OF_COMMAND
+        // will always also be set.
+        if(cmd & PACKET_FLAG_HOST_CMD_FINISHED)
+        {
+            // This tells us that a command we wrote to the device has finished executing, and
+            // it's safe to start writing another.
+            if(m_pCurrentCommand && m_pCurrentCommand->m_pComplete)
+                m_pCurrentCommand->m_pComplete(m_sCurrentReadBuffer);
+            m_pCurrentCommand = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if(cmd & PACKET_FLAG_END_OF_COMMAND)
+        {
+            if(!m_sCurrentReadBuffer.empty())
+                m_sReadBuffers.push_back(m_sCurrentReadBuffer);
+            m_sCurrentReadBuffer.clear();
+        }
+
+        break;
+    }
+
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::BeginAsyncRead(wstring &error)
+{
+    while(1)
+    {
+        // Our read buffer is 64 bytes.  The HID input packet is much smaller than that,
+        // but Windows pads packets to the maximum size of any HID report, and the HID
+        // serial packet is 64 bytes, so we'll get 64 bytes even for 3-byte input packets.
+        // If this didn't happen, we'd have to be smarter about pulling data out of the
+        // read buffer.
+        DWORD bytes;
+        memset(overlapped_read_buffer, 0, sizeof(overlapped_read_buffer));
+        if(!ReadFile(m_hDevice->value(), overlapped_read_buffer, sizeof(overlapped_read_buffer), &bytes, &overlapped_read))
+        {
+            int windows_error = GetLastError();
+            if(windows_error != ERROR_IO_PENDING && windows_error != ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
+                error = wstring(L"Error reading device: ") + GetErrorString(windows_error).c_str();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // The async read finished synchronously.  This just means that there was already data waiting.
+        // Handle the result, and loop to try to start the next async read again.
+        HandleUsbPacket(string(overlapped_read_buffer, bytes));
+    }
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::CheckWrites(wstring &error)
+{
+    if(m_pCurrentCommand)
+    {
+        // A command is in progress.  See if its writes have completed.
+        if(m_pCurrentCommand->m_bWriting)
+        {
+            DWORD bytes;
+            int iResult = GetOverlappedResult(m_hDevice->value(), &m_pCurrentCommand->m_Overlapped, &bytes, FALSE);
+            if(iResult == 0)
+            {
+                int windows_error = GetLastError();
+                if(windows_error != ERROR_IO_PENDING && windows_error != ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
+                    error = wstring(L"Error writing to device: ") + GetErrorString(windows_error).c_str();
+                return;
+            }
+
+            m_pCurrentCommand->m_bWriting = false;
+        }
+
+        // Don't clear m_pCurrentCommand here.  It'll stay set until we get a PACKET_FLAG_HOST_CMD_FINISHED
+        // packet from the device, which tells us it's ready to receive another command.
+        //
+        // Don't send packets if there's a command in progress.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Stop if we have nothing to do.
+    if(m_aPendingCommands.empty())
+        return;
+
+    // Send the next command.
+    shared_ptr<PendingCommand> pPendingCommand = m_aPendingCommands.front();
+
+    // Record the time.  We can use this for timeouts.
+    pPendingCommand->m_fSentAt = SMX::GetMonotonicTime();
+
+    for(shared_ptr<PendingCommandPacket> &pPacket: pPendingCommand->m_Packets)
+    {
+        // In theory the API allows this to return success if the write completed successfully without needing to
+        // be async, like reads can.  However, this can't really happen (the write always needs to go to the device
+        // first, unlike reads which might already be buffered), and there's no way to test it if we implement that,
+        // so this assumes all writes are async.
+        DWORD unused;
+        // Log(ssprintf("Write: %s", BinaryToHex(pPacket->sData).c_str()));
+        if(!WriteFile(m_hDevice->value(), pPacket->sData.data(), pPacket->sData.size(), &unused, &pPendingCommand->m_Overlapped))
+        {
+            int windows_error = GetLastError();
+            if(windows_error != ERROR_IO_PENDING && windows_error != ERROR_IO_INCOMPLETE)
+            {
+                error = wstring(L"Error writing to device: ") + GetErrorString(windows_error).c_str();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pPendingCommand->m_bWriting = true;
+
+    // Remove this command and store it in m_pCurrentCommand, and we'll stop sending data until the command finishes.
+    m_pCurrentCommand = pPendingCommand;
+    m_aPendingCommands.pop_front();
+}
+
+// Request device info.  This is the same as sending an 'i' command, but we can send it safely
+// at any time, even if another application is talking to the device, so we can do this during
+// enumeration.
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::RequestDeviceInfo(function<void(string response)> pComplete)
+{
+    shared_ptr<PendingCommand> pPendingCommand = make_shared<PendingCommand>();
+    pPendingCommand->m_pComplete = pComplete;
+    pPendingCommand->m_bIsDeviceInfoCommand = true;
+
+    shared_ptr<PendingCommandPacket> pCommandPacket = make_shared<PendingCommandPacket>();
+
+    string sPacket({
+        5, // report ID
+        (char) (uint8_t) PACKET_FLAG_DEVICE_INFO, // flags
+        (char) 0, // bytes in packet
+    });
+    sPacket.resize(64, 0);
+    pCommandPacket->sData = sPacket;
+
+    pPendingCommand->m_Packets.push_back(pCommandPacket);
+
+    m_aPendingCommands.push_back(pPendingCommand);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceConnection::SendCommand(const string &cmd, function<void(string response)> pComplete)
+{
+    shared_ptr<PendingCommand> pPendingCommand = make_shared<PendingCommand>();
+    pPendingCommand->m_pComplete = pComplete;
+
+    // Send the command in packets.  We allow sending zero-length packets here
+    // for testing purposes.
+    size_t i = 0;
+    do {
+        shared_ptr<PendingCommandPacket> pCommandPacket = make_shared<PendingCommandPacket>();
+
+        int iFlags = 0;
+        size_t iPacketSize = min(cmd.size() - i, static_cast<size_t>(61));
+
+        bool bFirstPacket = (i == 0);
+        if(bFirstPacket)
+            iFlags |= PACKET_FLAG_START_OF_COMMAND;
+
+        bool bLastPacket = (i + iPacketSize == cmd.size());
+        if(bLastPacket)
+            iFlags |= PACKET_FLAG_END_OF_COMMAND;
+
+        string sPacket({
+            5, // report ID
+            (char) iFlags,
+            (char) iPacketSize, // bytes in packet
+        });
+
+        sPacket.append(cmd.begin() + i, cmd.begin() + i + iPacketSize);
+        sPacket.resize(64, 0);
+        pCommandPacket->sData = sPacket;
+
+        pPendingCommand->m_Packets.push_back(pCommandPacket);
+
+        i += iPacketSize;
+    }
+    while(i < cmd.size());
+
+    m_aPendingCommands.push_back(pPendingCommand);
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75a6452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceConnection.h
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+#ifndef SMXDevice_H
+#define SMXDevice_H
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <list>
+#include <functional>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "Helpers.h"
+
+namespace SMX
+{
+
+struct SMXDeviceInfo
+{
+    // If true, this controller is set to player 2.
+    bool m_bP2 = false;
+
+    // This device's serial number.
+    char m_Serial[33];
+
+    // This device's firmware version (normally 1).
+    uint16_t m_iFirmwareVersion;
+};
+
+// Low-level SMX device handling.
+class SMXDeviceConnection
+{
+public:
+    static shared_ptr<SMXDeviceConnection> Create();
+    SMXDeviceConnection(shared_ptr<SMXDeviceConnection> &pSelf);
+    ~SMXDeviceConnection();
+
+    bool Open(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> DeviceHandle, wstring &error);
+
+    void Close();
+    
+    // Get the device handle opened by Open(), or NULL if we're not open.
+    shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> GetDeviceHandle() const { return m_hDevice; }
+
+    void Update(wstring &sError);
+
+    // Devices are inactive by default, and will just read device info and then idle.  We'll
+    // process input state packets, but we won't send any commands to the device or process
+    // any commands from it.  It's safe to have a device open but inactive if it's being used
+    // by another application.
+    void SetActive(bool bActive);
+    bool GetActive() const { return m_bActive; }
+
+    bool IsConnected() const { return m_hDevice != nullptr; }
+    bool IsConnectedWithDeviceInfo() const { return m_hDevice != nullptr && m_bGotInfo; }
+    SMXDeviceInfo GetDeviceInfo() const { return m_DeviceInfo; }
+
+    // Read from the read buffer.  This only returns data that we've already read, so there aren't
+    // any errors to report here.
+    bool ReadPacket(string &out);
+
+    // Send a command.  This must be a single complete command: partial writes and multiple
+    // commands in a call aren't allowed.
+    void SendCommand(const string &cmd, function<void(string response)> pComplete=nullptr);
+
+    uint16_t GetInputState() const { return m_iInputState; }
+
+private:
+    void RequestDeviceInfo(function<void(string response)> pComplete = nullptr);
+
+    void CheckReads(wstring &error);
+    void BeginAsyncRead(wstring &error);
+    void CheckWrites(wstring &error);
+    void HandleUsbPacket(const string &buf);
+
+    weak_ptr<SMXDeviceConnection> m_pSelf;
+    shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> m_hDevice;
+
+    bool m_bActive = false;
+
+    // After we open a device, we request basic info.  Once we get it, this is set to true.
+    bool m_bGotInfo = false;
+    
+    list<string> m_sReadBuffers;
+    string m_sCurrentReadBuffer;
+
+    struct PendingCommandPacket {
+        PendingCommandPacket();
+
+        string sData;
+    };
+
+    // Commands that are waiting to be sent:
+    struct PendingCommand {
+        PendingCommand();
+
+        list<shared_ptr<PendingCommandPacket>> m_Packets;
+
+        // The overlapped struct for writing this command's packets.  m_bWriting is true
+        // if we're waiting for the write to complete.
+        OVERLAPPED m_Overlapped;
+        bool m_bWriting = false;
+
+        // This is only called if m_bWaitForResponse if true.  Otherwise, we send the command
+        // and forget about it.  If the command has a response, it'll be in buf.
+        function<void(string response)> m_pComplete;
+
+        // If true, once we send this command we won't send any other commands until we get
+        // a response.
+        bool m_bIsDeviceInfoCommand = false;
+
+        // The SMX::GetMonotonicTime when we started sending this command.
+        double m_fSentAt = 0;
+    };
+    list<shared_ptr<PendingCommand>> m_aPendingCommands;
+
+    // If set, we've sent a command out of m_aPendingCommands and we're waiting for a response.  We
+    // can't send another command until the previous one has completed.
+    shared_ptr<PendingCommand> m_pCurrentCommand = nullptr;
+
+    // We always have a read in progress.
+    OVERLAPPED overlapped_read;
+    char overlapped_read_buffer[64];
+
+    uint16_t m_iInputState = 0;
+
+    // The current device info.  We retrieve this when we connect.
+    SMXDeviceInfo m_DeviceInfo;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee153bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#include "SMXDeviceSearch.h"
+
+#include "SMXDeviceConnection.h"
+#include "Helpers.h"
+
+#include <string>
+#include <memory>
+#include <set>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+extern "C"
+{
+#include <hidsdi.h>
+}
+#include <setupapi.h>
+
+// Return all USB HID device paths.  This doesn't open the device to filter just our devices.
+static set<wstring> GetAllHIDDevicePaths(wstring &error)
+{
+    HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet = NULL;
+
+    GUID HidGuid;
+    HidD_GetHidGuid(&HidGuid);
+    DeviceInfoSet = SetupDiGetClassDevs(&HidGuid, NULL, NULL, DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE | DIGCF_PRESENT);
+    if(DeviceInfoSet == NULL)
+        return {};
+
+    set<wstring> paths;
+    SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData;
+    DeviceInterfaceData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
+    for(DWORD iIndex = 0;
+        SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(DeviceInfoSet, NULL, &HidGuid, iIndex, &DeviceInterfaceData);
+        iIndex++)
+    {
+        DWORD iSize;
+        if(!SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW(DeviceInfoSet, &DeviceInterfaceData, NULL, 0, &iSize, NULL))
+        {
+            // This call normally fails with ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER.
+            int iError = GetLastError();
+            if(iError != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER)
+            {
+                Log(wssprintf(L"SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail failed: %ls", GetErrorString(iError).c_str()));
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W DeviceInterfaceDetailData = (PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W) new uint8_t[iSize];
+        DeviceInterfaceDetailData->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W);
+
+        SP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData;
+        ZeroMemory(&DeviceInfoData, sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA));
+        DeviceInfoData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
+        if(!SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW(DeviceInfoSet, &DeviceInterfaceData, DeviceInterfaceDetailData, iSize, NULL, &DeviceInfoData))
+        {
+            Log(wssprintf(L"SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail failed: %ls", GetErrorString(GetLastError()).c_str()));
+            delete[] (uint8_t *)DeviceInterfaceDetailData;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        paths.insert(DeviceInterfaceDetailData->DevicePath);
+        delete[] (uint8_t *)DeviceInterfaceDetailData;
+    }
+
+    SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(DeviceInfoSet);
+
+    return paths;
+}
+
+static shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> OpenUSBDevice(LPCWSTR DevicePath, wstring &error)
+{
+    // Log(ssprintf("Opening device: %ls", DevicePath));
+    HANDLE OpenDevice = CreateFileW(
+        DevicePath,
+        GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+        FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+        NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED, NULL
+    );
+
+    if(OpenDevice == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+    {
+        // Many unrelated devices will fail to open, so don't return this as an error.
+        Log(wssprintf(L"Error opening device %ls: %ls", DevicePath, GetErrorString(GetLastError()).c_str()));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    auto result = make_shared<AutoCloseHandle>(OpenDevice);
+
+    // Get the HID attributes to check the IDs.
+    HIDD_ATTRIBUTES HidAttributes;
+    HidAttributes.Size = sizeof(HidAttributes);
+    if(!HidD_GetAttributes(result->value(), &HidAttributes))
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("Error opening device %ls: HidD_GetAttributes failed", DevicePath));
+        error = L"HidD_GetAttributes failed";
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if(HidAttributes.VendorID != 0x2341 || HidAttributes.ProductID != 0x8037)
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("Device %ls: not our device (ID %04x:%04x)", DevicePath, HidAttributes.VendorID, HidAttributes.ProductID));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Since we're using the default Arduino IDs, check the product name to make sure
+    // this isn't some other Arduino device.
+    WCHAR ProductName[255];
+    ZeroMemory(ProductName, sizeof(ProductName));
+    if(!HidD_GetProductString(result->value(), ProductName, 255))
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("Error opening device %ls: HidD_GetProductString failed", DevicePath));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    if(wstring(ProductName) != L"StepManiaX")
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("Device %ls: not our device (%ls)", DevicePath, ProductName));
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+vector<shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> SMX::SMXDeviceSearch::GetDevices(wstring &error)
+{
+    set<wstring> aDevicePaths = GetAllHIDDevicePaths(error);
+
+    // Remove any entries in m_Devices that are no longer in the list.
+    for(wstring sPath: m_setLastDevicePaths)
+    {
+        if(aDevicePaths.find(sPath) != aDevicePaths.end())
+            continue;
+
+        Log(ssprintf("Device removed: %ls", sPath.c_str()));
+        m_Devices.erase(sPath);
+    }
+
+    // Check for new entries.
+    for(wstring sPath: aDevicePaths)
+    {
+        // Only look at devices that weren't in the list last time.  OpenUSBDevice has
+        // to open the device and causes requests to be sent to it.
+        if(m_setLastDevicePaths.find(sPath) != m_setLastDevicePaths.end())
+            continue;
+
+        // This will return NULL if this isn't our device.
+        shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> hDevice = OpenUSBDevice(sPath.c_str(), error);
+        if(hDevice == nullptr)
+            continue;
+
+        Log(ssprintf("Device added: %ls", sPath.c_str()));
+        m_Devices[sPath] = hDevice;
+    }
+
+    m_setLastDevicePaths = aDevicePaths;
+
+    vector<shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> aDevices;
+    for(auto it: m_Devices)
+        aDevices.push_back(it.second);
+
+    return aDevices;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceSearch::DeviceWasClosed(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> pDevice)
+{
+    map<wstring, shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> aDevices;
+    for(auto it: m_Devices)
+    {
+        if(it.second == pDevice)
+        {
+            m_setLastDevicePaths.erase(it.first);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            aDevices[it.first] = it.second;
+        }
+    }
+    m_Devices = aDevices;
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b72bdd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#ifndef SMXDeviceSearch_h
+#define SMXDeviceSearch_h
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <set>
+#include <map>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "Helpers.h"
+
+namespace SMX {
+
+class SMXDeviceSearch
+{
+public:
+    // Return a list of connected devices.  If the same device stays connected and this
+    // is called multiple times, the same handle will be returned.
+    vector<shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> GetDevices(wstring &error);
+
+    // After a device is opened and then closed, tell this class that the device was closed.
+    // We'll discard our record of it, so we'll notice a new device plugged in on the same
+    // path.
+    void DeviceWasClosed(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> pDevice);
+
+private:
+    set<wstring> m_setLastDevicePaths;
+    map<wstring, shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> m_Devices;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97a08f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.h"
+#include "SMXDeviceSearch.h"
+#include "SMXDeviceConnection.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded()
+{
+    m_hEvent = make_shared<AutoCloseHandle>(CreateEvent(NULL, false, false, NULL));
+    m_pDeviceList = make_shared<SMXDeviceSearch>();
+
+    // Start the thread.
+    DWORD id;
+    m_hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ThreadMainStart, this, 0, &id);
+    SMX::SetThreadName(id, "SMXDeviceSearch");
+}
+
+SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::~SMXDeviceSearchThreaded()
+{
+    // Shut down the thread, if it's still running.
+    Shutdown();
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::Shutdown()
+{
+    if(m_hThread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        return;
+
+    // Tell the thread to shut down, and wait for it before returning.
+    m_bShutdown = true;
+    SetEvent(m_hEvent->value());
+
+    WaitForSingleObject(m_hThread, INFINITE);
+    m_hThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+DWORD WINAPI SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::ThreadMainStart(void *self_)
+{
+    SMXDeviceSearchThreaded *self = (SMXDeviceSearchThreaded *) self_;
+    self->ThreadMain();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::UpdateDeviceList()
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // Tell m_pDeviceList about closed devices, so it knows that any device on the
+    // same path is new.
+    m_Lock.Lock();
+    for(auto pDevice: m_apClosedDevices)
+        m_pDeviceList->DeviceWasClosed(pDevice);
+    m_apClosedDevices.clear();
+    m_Lock.Unlock();
+
+    // Get the current device list.
+    wstring sError;
+    vector<shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> apDevices = m_pDeviceList->GetDevices(sError);
+    if(!sError.empty())
+    {
+        Log(ssprintf("Error listing USB devices: %ls", sError.c_str()));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Update the device list returned by GetDevices.
+    m_Lock.Lock();
+    m_apDevices = apDevices;
+    m_Lock.Unlock();
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::ThreadMain()
+{
+    while(!m_bShutdown)
+    {
+        UpdateDeviceList();
+        WaitForSingleObjectEx(m_hEvent->value(), 250, true);
+    }
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::DeviceWasClosed(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> pDevice)
+{
+    // Add pDevice to the list of closed devices.  We'll call m_pDeviceList->DeviceWasClosed
+    // on these from the scanning thread.
+    m_apClosedDevices.push_back(pDevice);
+}
+
+vector<shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> SMX::SMXDeviceSearchThreaded::GetDevices()
+{
+    // Lock to make a copy of the device list.
+    m_Lock.Lock();
+    vector<shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> apResult = m_apDevices;
+    m_Lock.Unlock();
+    return apResult;
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de4031b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#ifndef SMXDeviceSearchThreaded_h
+#define SMXDeviceSearchThreaded_h
+
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace SMX {
+
+class SMXDeviceSearch;
+
+// This is a wrapper around SMXDeviceSearch which performs USB scanning in a thread.
+// It's free on Win10, but takes a while on Windows 7 (about 8ms), so running it on
+// a separate thread prevents random timing errors when reading HID updates.
+class SMXDeviceSearchThreaded
+{
+public:
+    SMXDeviceSearchThreaded();
+    ~SMXDeviceSearchThreaded();
+
+    // The same interface as SMXDeviceSearch:
+    vector<shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle>> GetDevices();
+    void DeviceWasClosed(shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> pDevice);
+
+    // Synchronously shut down the thread.
+    void Shutdown();
+
+private:
+    void UpdateDeviceList();
+
+    static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMainStart(void *self_);
+    void ThreadMain();
+
+    SMX::Mutex m_Lock;
+    shared_ptr<SMXDeviceSearch> m_pDeviceList;
+    shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> m_hEvent;
+    vector<shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle>> m_apDevices;
+    vector<shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle>> m_apClosedDevices;
+    bool m_bShutdown = false;
+    HANDLE m_hThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXGif.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXGif.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9845a1d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXGif.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+#include "SMXGif.h"
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+using namespace std;
+
+// This is a simple animated GIF decoder.  It always decodes to RGBA color,
+// discarding palettes, and decodes the whole file at once.
+
+class GIFError: public exception { };
+
+struct Palette
+{
+    SMXGif::Color color[256];
+};
+
+void SMXGif::GIFImage::Init(int width_, int height_)
+{
+    width = width_;
+    height = height_;
+    image.resize(width * height);
+}
+
+void SMXGif::GIFImage::Clear(const Color &color)
+{
+    for(int y = 0; y < height; ++y)
+        for(int x = 0; x < width; ++x)
+            get(x,y) = color;
+}
+
+void SMXGif::GIFImage::CropImage(SMXGif::GIFImage &dst, int crop_left, int crop_top, int crop_width, int crop_height) const
+{
+    dst.Init(crop_width, crop_height);
+
+    for(int y = 0; y < crop_height; ++y)
+    {
+        for(int x = 0; x < crop_width; ++x)
+            dst.get(x,y) = get(x + crop_left, y + crop_top);
+    }
+}
+
+void SMXGif::GIFImage::Blit(SMXGif::GIFImage &src, int dst_left, int dst_top, int dst_width, int dst_height)
+{
+    for(int y = 0; y < dst_height; ++y)
+    {
+        for(int x = 0; x < dst_width; ++x)
+            get(x + dst_left, y + dst_top) = src.get(x, y);
+    }
+}
+bool SMXGif::GIFImage::operator==(const GIFImage &rhs) const
+{
+    return
+        width == rhs.width &&
+        height == rhs.height &&
+        image == rhs.image;
+}
+
+class DataStream
+{
+public:
+    DataStream(const string &data_):
+        data(data_)
+    {
+    }
+
+    uint8_t ReadByte()
+    {
+        if(pos >= data.size())
+            throw GIFError();
+
+        uint8_t result = data[pos];
+        pos++;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    uint16_t ReadLE16()
+    {
+        uint8_t byte1 = ReadByte();
+        uint8_t byte2 = ReadByte();
+        return byte1 | (byte2 << 8);
+    }
+
+    void ReadBytes(string &s, int count)
+    {
+        s.clear();
+        while(count--)
+            s.push_back(ReadByte());
+    }
+
+    void skip(int bytes)
+    {
+        pos += bytes;
+    }
+
+private:
+    const string &data;
+    uint32_t pos = 0;
+};
+
+class LWZStream
+{
+public:
+    LWZStream(DataStream &stream_):
+        stream(stream_)
+    {
+    }
+
+    // Read one LZW code from the input data.
+    uint32_t ReadLZWCode(uint32_t bit_count)
+    {
+        while(bits_in_buffer < bit_count)
+        {
+            if(bytes_remaining == 0)
+            {
+                // Read the next block's byte count.
+                bytes_remaining = stream.ReadByte();
+                if(bytes_remaining == 0)
+                    throw GIFError();
+            }
+
+            // Shift in another 8 bits into the end of self.bits.
+            bits |= stream.ReadByte() << bits_in_buffer;
+            bits_in_buffer += 8;
+            bytes_remaining -= 1;
+        }
+
+        // Shift out bit_count worth of data from the end.
+        uint32_t result = bits & ((1 << bit_count) - 1);
+        bits >>= bit_count;
+        bits_in_buffer -= bit_count;
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Skip the rest of the LZW data.
+    void Flush()
+    {
+        stream.skip(bytes_remaining);
+        bytes_remaining = 0;
+
+        // If there are any blocks past the end of data, skip them.
+        while(1)
+        {
+            uint8_t blocksize = stream.ReadByte();
+            stream.skip(blocksize);
+            if(bytes_remaining == 0)
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+private:
+    DataStream &stream;
+    uint32_t bits = 0;
+    int bytes_remaining = 0;
+    uint32_t bits_in_buffer = 0;
+};
+
+struct LWZDecoder
+{
+    LWZDecoder(DataStream &stream):
+        lzw_stream(LWZStream(stream))
+    {
+        // Each frame has a single bits field.
+        code_bits = stream.ReadByte();
+    }
+
+    string DecodeImage();
+
+private:
+    uint16_t code_bits;
+    LWZStream lzw_stream;
+};
+
+
+static const int GIFBITS = 12;
+
+string LWZDecoder::DecodeImage()
+{
+    uint32_t dictionary_bits = code_bits + 1;
+    int prev_code1 = -1;
+    int prev_code2 = -1;
+
+    uint32_t clear = 1 << code_bits;
+    uint32_t end = clear + 1;
+    uint32_t next_free_slot = clear + 2;
+
+    vector<pair<int,int>> dictionary;
+    dictionary.resize(1 << GIFBITS);
+
+    // We append to this buffer as we decode data, then append the data in reverse
+    // order.
+    string append_buffer;
+
+    string result;
+    while(1)
+    {
+        // Flush append_buffer.
+        for(int i = append_buffer.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i)
+            result.push_back(append_buffer[i]);
+        append_buffer.clear();
+
+        uint32_t code1 = lzw_stream.ReadLZWCode(dictionary_bits);
+        // printf("%02x");
+        if(code1 == end)
+            break;
+
+        if(code1 == clear)
+        {
+            // Clear the dictionary and reset.
+            dictionary_bits = code_bits + 1;
+            next_free_slot = clear + 2;
+            prev_code1 = -1;
+            prev_code2 = -1;
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t code2;
+        if(code1 < next_free_slot)
+            code2 = code1;
+        else if(code1 == next_free_slot && prev_code2 != -1)
+        {
+            append_buffer.push_back(prev_code2);
+            code2 = prev_code1;
+        }
+        else
+            throw GIFError();
+
+        // Walk through the linked list of codes in the dictionary and append.
+        while(code2 >= clear + 2)
+        {
+            uint8_t append_char = dictionary[code2].first;
+            code2 = dictionary[code2].second;
+            append_buffer.push_back(append_char);
+        }
+        append_buffer.push_back(code2);
+
+        // If we're already at the last free slot, the dictionary is full and can't be expanded.
+        if(next_free_slot < static_cast<uint32_t>(1 << dictionary_bits))
+        {
+            // If we have any free dictionary slots, save.
+            if(prev_code1 != -1)
+            {
+                dictionary[next_free_slot] = make_pair(code2, prev_code1);
+                next_free_slot += 1;
+            }
+            // If we've just filled the last dictionary slot, expand the dictionary size if possible.
+            if(next_free_slot >= static_cast<uint32_t>(1 << dictionary_bits) && dictionary_bits < GIFBITS)
+                dictionary_bits += 1;
+        }
+
+        prev_code1 = code1;
+        prev_code2 = code2;
+    }
+
+    // Skip any remaining data in this block.
+    lzw_stream.Flush();
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+struct GlobalGIFData
+{
+    int width = 0, height = 0;
+    int background_index = -1;
+    bool use_transparency = false;
+    int transparency_index = -1;
+    int duration = 0;
+    int disposal_method = 0;
+    bool have_global_palette = false;
+    Palette palette;
+};
+
+class GIFDecoder
+{
+public:
+    GIFDecoder(DataStream &stream_):
+        stream(stream_)
+    {
+    }
+
+    void ReadAllFrames(vector<SMXGif::SMXGifFrame> &frames);
+
+private:
+    bool ReadPacket(string &packet);
+    Palette ReadPalette(int palette_size);
+    void DecodeImage(GlobalGIFData global_data, SMXGif::GIFImage &out);
+
+    DataStream &stream;
+    SMXGif::GIFImage image;
+    int frame;
+};
+
+// Read a palette with size colors.
+//
+// This is a simple string, with 4 RGBA bytes per color.
+Palette GIFDecoder::ReadPalette(int palette_size)
+{
+    Palette result;
+    for(int i = 0; i < palette_size; ++i)
+    {
+        result.color[i].color[0] = stream.ReadByte(); // R
+        result.color[i].color[1] = stream.ReadByte(); // G
+        result.color[i].color[2] = stream.ReadByte(); // B
+        result.color[i].color[3] = 0xFF;
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool GIFDecoder::ReadPacket(string &packet)
+{
+    uint8_t packet_size = stream.ReadByte();
+    if(packet_size == 0)
+        return false;
+
+    stream.ReadBytes(packet, packet_size);
+    return true;
+}
+
+void GIFDecoder::ReadAllFrames(vector<SMXGif::SMXGifFrame> &frames)
+{
+    string header;
+    stream.ReadBytes(header, 6);
+
+    if(header != "GIF87a" && header != "GIF89a")
+        throw GIFError();
+
+    GlobalGIFData global_data;
+
+    global_data.width = stream.ReadLE16();
+    global_data.height = stream.ReadLE16();
+    image.Init(global_data.width, global_data.height);
+
+    // Ignore the aspect ratio field.  (Supporting pixel aspect ratios in a format
+    // this rudimentary was almost ambitious of them...)
+    uint8_t global_flags = stream.ReadByte();
+    global_data.background_index = stream.ReadByte();
+
+    // Ignore the aspect ratio field.  (Supporting pixel aspect ratios in a format
+    // this rudimentary was almost ambitious of them...)
+    stream.ReadByte();
+
+    // Decode global_flags.
+    uint8_t global_palette_size = global_flags & 0x7;
+
+    global_data.have_global_palette = (global_flags >> 7) & 0x1;
+
+
+    // If there's no global palette, leave it empty.
+    if(global_data.have_global_palette)
+        global_data.palette = ReadPalette(1 << (global_palette_size + 1));
+
+    frame = 0;
+
+    // Save a copy of global data, so we can restore it after each frame.
+    GlobalGIFData saved_global_data = global_data;
+
+    // Decode all packets.
+    while(1)
+    {
+        uint8_t packet_type = stream.ReadByte();
+        if(packet_type == 0x21)
+        {
+            // Extension packet
+            uint8_t extension_type = stream.ReadByte();
+
+            if(extension_type == 0xF9)
+            {
+                string packet;
+                if(!ReadPacket(packet))
+                    throw GIFError();
+
+                DataStream packet_buf(packet);
+
+                // Graphics control extension
+                uint8_t gce_flags = packet_buf.ReadByte();
+                global_data.duration = packet_buf.ReadLE16();
+                global_data.transparency_index = packet_buf.ReadByte();
+
+                global_data.use_transparency = bool(gce_flags & 1);
+                global_data.disposal_method = (gce_flags >> 2) & 0xF;
+                if(!global_data.use_transparency)
+                    global_data.transparency_index = -1;
+            }
+
+            // Read any remaining packets in this extension packet.
+            while(1)
+            {
+                string packet;
+                if(!ReadPacket(packet))
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+        else if(packet_type == 0x2C)
+        {
+            // Image data
+            SMXGif::GIFImage frame_image;
+            DecodeImage(global_data, frame_image);
+
+            SMXGif::SMXGifFrame gif_frame;
+            gif_frame.width = global_data.width;
+            gif_frame.height = global_data.height;
+            gif_frame.milliseconds = global_data.duration * 10;
+            gif_frame.frame = frame_image;
+
+            // If this frame is identical to the previous one, just extend the previous frame.
+            if(!frames.empty() && gif_frame.frame == frames.back().frame)
+            {
+                frames.back().milliseconds += gif_frame.milliseconds;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            frames.push_back(gif_frame);
+
+            frame++;
+
+            // Reset GCE (frame-specific) data.
+            global_data = saved_global_data;
+        }
+        else if(packet_type == 0x3B)
+        {
+            // EOF
+            return;
+        }
+        else
+            throw GIFError();
+    }
+}
+
+// Decode a single GIF image into out, leaving this->image ready for
+// the next frame (with this frame's dispose applied).
+void GIFDecoder::DecodeImage(GlobalGIFData global_data, SMXGif::GIFImage &out)
+{
+    uint16_t block_left = stream.ReadLE16();
+    uint16_t block_top = stream.ReadLE16();
+    uint16_t block_width = stream.ReadLE16();
+    uint16_t block_height = stream.ReadLE16();
+    uint8_t local_flags = stream.ReadByte();
+
+    // area = (block_left, block_top, block_left + block_width, block_top + block_height)
+    // Extract flags:
+    uint8_t have_local_palette = (local_flags >> 7) & 1;
+    // bool interlaced = (local_flags >> 6) & 1;
+    uint8_t local_palette_size = (local_flags >> 0) & 0x7;
+    // print 'Interlaced:', interlaced
+
+    // We don't support interlaced GIFs right now.
+    // assert interlaced == 0
+
+    // If this frame has a local palette, use it.  Otherwise, use the global palette.
+    Palette active_palette = global_data.palette;
+    if(have_local_palette)
+        active_palette = ReadPalette(1 << (local_palette_size + 1));
+
+    if(!global_data.have_global_palette && !have_local_palette)
+    {
+        // We have no palette.  This is an invalid file.
+        throw GIFError();
+    }
+
+    if(frame == 0)
+    {
+        // On the first frame, clear the buffer.  If we have a transparency index,
+        // clear to transparent.  Otherwise, clear to the background color.
+        if(global_data.transparency_index != -1)
+            image.Clear(SMXGif::Color(0,0,0,0));
+        else
+            image.Clear(active_palette.color[global_data.background_index]);
+    }
+
+    // Decode the compressed image data.
+    LWZDecoder decoder(stream);
+    string decompressed_data = decoder.DecodeImage();
+
+    if(decompressed_data.size() < block_width*block_height)
+        throw GIFError();
+
+    // Save the region to restore after decoding.
+    SMXGif::GIFImage dispose;
+    if(global_data.disposal_method <= 1)
+    {
+        // No disposal.
+    }
+    else if(global_data.disposal_method == 2)
+    {
+        // Clear the region to a background color afterwards.
+        dispose.Init(block_width, block_height);
+
+        if(global_data.transparency_index != -1)
+            dispose.Clear(SMXGif::Color(0,0,0,0));
+        else
+        {
+            uint8_t palette_idx = global_data.background_index;
+            dispose.Clear(active_palette.color[palette_idx]);
+        }
+
+    }
+    else if(global_data.disposal_method == 3)
+    {
+        // Restore the previous frame afterwards.
+        image.CropImage(dispose, block_left, block_top, block_width, block_height);
+    }
+    else
+    {
+        // Unknown disposal method
+    }
+
+    int pos = 0;
+    for(int y = block_top; y < block_top + block_height; ++y)
+    {
+        for(int x = block_left; x < block_left + block_width; ++x)
+        {
+            uint8_t palette_idx = decompressed_data[pos];
+            pos++;
+
+            if(palette_idx == global_data.transparency_index)
+            {
+                // If this pixel is transparent, leave the existing color in place.
+            }
+            else
+            {
+                image.get(x,y) = active_palette.color[palette_idx];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Copy the image before we run dispose.
+    out = image;
+
+    // Restore the dispose area.
+    if(dispose.width != 0)
+        image.Blit(dispose, block_left, block_top, block_width, block_height);
+}
+
+bool SMXGif::DecodeGIF(string buf, vector<SMXGif::SMXGifFrame> &frames)
+{
+    DataStream stream(buf);
+    GIFDecoder gif(stream);
+    try {
+        gif.ReadAllFrames(frames);
+    } catch(GIFError &) {
+        // We don't return error strings for this, just success or failure.
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXGif.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXGif.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5ef1d8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXGif.h
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#ifndef SMXGif_h
+#define SMXGif_h
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstring>
+
+// This is a simple internal GIF decoder.  It's only meant to be used by
+// SMXConfig.
+namespace SMXGif
+{
+    struct Color
+    {
+        uint8_t color[4];
+        Color()
+        {
+            memset(color, 0, sizeof(color));
+        }
+
+        Color(uint8_t r, uint8_t g, uint8_t b, uint8_t a)
+        {
+            color[0] = r;
+            color[1] = g;
+            color[2] = b;
+            color[3] = a;
+        }
+        bool operator==(const Color &rhs) const
+        {
+            return !memcmp(color, rhs.color, sizeof(color));
+        }
+    };
+
+    struct GIFImage
+    {
+        int width = 0, height = 0;
+        void Init(int width, int height);
+
+        Color get(int x, int y) const { return image[y*width+x]; }
+        Color &get(int x, int y) { return image[y*width+x]; }
+
+        // Clear to a solid color.
+        void Clear(const Color &color);
+
+        // Copy a rectangle from this image into dst.
+        void CropImage(GIFImage &dst, int crop_left, int crop_top, int crop_width, int crop_height) const;
+
+        // Copy src into a rectangle in this image.
+        void Blit(GIFImage &src, int dst_left, int dst_top, int dst_width, int dst_height);
+
+        bool operator==(const GIFImage &rhs) const;
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<Color> image;
+    };
+
+    struct SMXGifFrame
+    {
+        int width = 0, height = 0;
+
+        // GIF images have a delay in 10ms units.  We use 1ms for clarity.
+        int milliseconds = 0;
+
+        GIFImage frame;
+    };
+
+    // Decode a GIF into a list of frames.
+    bool DecodeGIF(std::string buf, std::vector<SMXGifFrame> &frames);
+}
+
+void gif_test();
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7166dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "SMXHelperThread.h"
+using namespace SMX;
+
+SMX::SMXHelperThread::SMXHelperThread(const string &sThreadName):
+    SMXThread(m_Lock)
+{
+    Start(sThreadName);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXHelperThread::ThreadMain()
+{
+    m_Lock.Lock();
+    while(true)
+    {
+        vector<function<void()>> funcs;
+        swap(m_FunctionsToCall, funcs);
+
+        // If we're shutting down and have no more functions to call, stop.
+        if(funcs.empty() && m_bShutdown)
+            break;
+
+        // Unlock while we call the queued functions.
+        m_Lock.Unlock();
+        for(auto &func: funcs)
+            func();
+        m_Lock.Lock();
+
+        m_Event.Wait(250);
+    }
+    m_Lock.Unlock();
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXHelperThread::RunInThread(function<void()> func)
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // Add func to the list, and poke the event to wake up the thread if needed.
+    m_Lock.Lock();
+    m_FunctionsToCall.push_back(func);
+    m_Event.Set();
+    m_Lock.Unlock();
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b19ad28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXHelperThread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef SMXHelperThread_h
+#define SMXHelperThread_h
+
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include "SMXThread.h"
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+using namespace std;
+
+namespace SMX
+{
+class SMXHelperThread: public SMXThread
+{
+public:
+    SMXHelperThread(const string &sThreadName);
+   
+    // Call func asynchronously from the helper thread.
+    void RunInThread(function<void()> func);
+
+private:
+    void ThreadMain();
+
+    // Helper threads use their independent lock.
+    SMX::Mutex m_Lock;
+    vector<function<void()>> m_FunctionsToCall;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXManager.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXManager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45ee4d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXManager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,704 @@
+#include "SMXManager.h"
+#include "SMXDevice.h"
+#include "SMXDeviceConnection.h"
+#include "SMXDeviceSearchThreaded.h"
+#include "Helpers.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <stdexcept>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+namespace {
+    Mutex g_Lock;
+}
+
+shared_ptr<SMXManager> SMXManager::g_pSMX;
+
+SMX::SMXManager::SMXManager(function<void(int PadNumber, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason)> pCallback):
+    m_UserCallbackThread("SMXUserCallbackThread")
+{
+    // Raise the priority of the user callback thread, since we don't want input
+    // events to be preempted by other things and reduce timing accuracy.
+    m_UserCallbackThread.SetHighPriority(true);
+    m_hEvent = make_shared<AutoCloseHandle>(CreateEvent(NULL, false, false, NULL));
+    m_pSMXDeviceSearchThreaded = make_shared<SMXDeviceSearchThreaded>();
+
+    // Create the SMXDevices.  We don't create these as we connect, we just reuse the same
+    // ones.
+    for(int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
+    {
+        shared_ptr<SMXDevice> pDevice = SMXDevice::Create(m_hEvent, g_Lock);
+        m_pDevices.push_back(pDevice);
+    }
+
+    // The callback we send to SMXDeviceConnection will be called from our thread.  Wrap
+    // it so it's called from UserCallbackThread instead.
+    auto pCallbackInThread = [this, pCallback](int PadNumber, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason) {
+        m_UserCallbackThread.RunInThread([pCallback, PadNumber, reason]() {
+            pCallback(PadNumber, reason);
+        });
+    };
+
+    // Set the update callbacks.  Do this before starting the thread, to avoid race conditions.
+    for(int pad = 0; pad < 2; ++pad)
+        m_pDevices[pad]->SetUpdateCallback(pCallbackInThread);
+
+    // Start the thread.
+    DWORD id;
+    m_hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ThreadMainStart, this, 0, &id);
+    SMX::SetThreadName(id, "SMXManager");
+
+    // Raise the priority of the I/O thread, since we don't want input
+    // events to be preempted by other things and reduce timing accuracy.
+    SetThreadPriority( m_hThread, THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST );
+}
+
+SMX::SMXManager::~SMXManager()
+{
+    // Shut down the thread, if it's still running.
+    Shutdown();
+}
+
+shared_ptr<SMXDevice> SMX::SMXManager::GetDevice(int pad)
+{
+    return m_pDevices[pad];
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXManager::Shutdown()
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // Make sure we're not being called from within m_UserCallbackThread, since that'll
+    // deadlock when we shut down m_UserCallbackThread.
+    if(m_UserCallbackThread.IsCurrentThread())
+        throw runtime_error("SMX::SMXManager::Shutdown must not be called from an SMX callback");
+
+    // Shut down the thread we make user callbacks from.
+    m_UserCallbackThread.Shutdown();
+
+    // Shut down the device search thread.
+    m_pSMXDeviceSearchThreaded->Shutdown();
+
+    if(m_hThread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        return;
+
+    // Tell the thread to shut down, and wait for it before returning.
+    m_bShutdown = true;
+    SetEvent(m_hEvent->value());
+
+    WaitForSingleObject(m_hThread, INFINITE);
+    m_hThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+DWORD WINAPI SMX::SMXManager::ThreadMainStart(void *self_)
+{
+    SMXManager *self = (SMXManager *) self_;
+    self->ThreadMain();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// When we connect to a device, we don't know whether it's P1 or P2, since we get that
+// info from the device after we connect to it.  If we have a P2 device in SMX_PadNumber_1
+// or a P1 device in SMX_PadNumber_2, swap the two.  
+void SMX::SMXManager::CorrectDeviceOrder()
+{
+    // We're still holding the lock from when we updated the devices, so the application
+    // won't see the devices out of order before we do this.
+    g_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    SMXInfo info[2];
+    m_pDevices[0]->GetInfoLocked(info[0]);
+    m_pDevices[1]->GetInfoLocked(info[1]);
+
+    // If we have two P1s or two P2s, the pads are misconfigured and we'll just leave the order alone.
+    bool Player2[2] = {
+        m_pDevices[0]->IsPlayer2Locked(),
+        m_pDevices[1]->IsPlayer2Locked(),
+    };
+    if(info[0].m_bConnected && info[1].m_bConnected && Player2[0] == Player2[1])
+        return;
+
+    bool bP1NeedsSwap = info[0].m_bConnected && Player2[0];
+    bool bP2NeedsSwap = info[1].m_bConnected && !Player2[1];
+    if(bP1NeedsSwap || bP2NeedsSwap)
+        swap(m_pDevices[0], m_pDevices[1]);
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXManager::ThreadMain()
+{
+    g_Lock.Lock();
+
+    while(!m_bShutdown)
+    {
+        // If there are any lights commands to be sent, send them now.  Do this before callig Update(),
+        // since this actually just queues commands, which are actually handled in Update.
+        SendLightUpdates();
+
+        // Send panel test mode commands if needed.
+        UpdatePanelTestMode();
+
+        // See if there are any new devices.
+        AttemptConnections();
+
+        // Update all connected devices.
+        for(shared_ptr<SMXDevice> pDevice: m_pDevices)
+        {
+            wstring sError;
+            pDevice->Update(sError);
+
+            if(!sError.empty())
+            {
+                Log(ssprintf("Device error: %ls", sError.c_str()));
+
+                // Tell m_pDeviceList that the device was closed, so it'll discard the device
+                // and notice if a new device shows up on the same path.
+                m_pSMXDeviceSearchThreaded->DeviceWasClosed(pDevice->GetDeviceHandle());
+                pDevice->CloseDevice();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Devices may have finished initializing, so see if we need to update the ordering.
+        CorrectDeviceOrder();
+
+        // Make a list of handles for WaitForMultipleObjectsEx.
+        vector<HANDLE> aHandles = { m_hEvent->value() };
+        for(shared_ptr<SMXDevice> pDevice: m_pDevices)
+        {
+            shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> pHandle = pDevice->GetDeviceHandle();
+            if(pHandle)
+                aHandles.push_back(pHandle->value());
+        }
+
+        // See how long we should block waiting for I/O.  If we have any scheduled lights commands,
+        // wait until the next command should be sent, otherwise wait for a second.
+        int iDelayMS = 1000;
+        if(!m_aPendingLightsCommands.empty())
+        {
+            double fSendIn = m_aPendingLightsCommands[0].fTimeToSend - GetMonotonicTime();
+
+            // Add 1ms to the delay time.  We're using a high resolution timer, but
+            // WaitForMultipleObjectsEx only has 1ms resolution, so this keeps us from
+            // repeatedly waking up slightly too early.
+            iDelayMS = int(fSendIn * 1000) + 1;
+            iDelayMS = max(0, iDelayMS);
+        }
+
+        // Wait until there's something to do for a connected device, or delay briefly if we're
+        // not connected to anything.  Unlock while we block.  Devices are only ever opened or
+        // closed from within this thread, so the handles won't go away while we're waiting on
+        // them.
+        g_Lock.Unlock();
+        WaitForMultipleObjectsEx(aHandles.size(), aHandles.data(), false, iDelayMS, true);
+        g_Lock.Lock();
+    }
+    g_Lock.Unlock();
+}
+
+// Lights are updated with two commands.  The top two rows of LEDs in each panel are
+// updated by the first command, and the bottom two rows are updated by the second
+// command.  We need to send the two commands in order.  The panel won't update lights
+// until both commands have been received, so we don't flicker the partial top update
+// before the bottom update is received.
+//
+// A complete update can be performed at up to 30 FPS, but we actually update at 60
+// FPS, alternating between updating the top and bottom half.
+//
+// This interlacing is performed to reduce the amount of work the panels and master
+// controller need to do on each update.  This improves timing accuracy, since less
+// time is taken by each update.
+//
+// The order of lights is:
+//
+// 0123 0123 0123
+// 4567 4567 4567
+// 89AB 89AB 89AB
+// CDEF CDEF CDEF
+//
+// 0123 0123 0123
+// 4567 4567 4567
+// 89AB 89AB 89AB
+// CDEF CDEF CDEF
+//
+// 0123 0123 0123
+// 4567 4567 4567
+// 89AB 89AB 89AB
+// CDEF CDEF CDEF
+//
+// with panels left-to-right, top-to-bottom.  The first packet sends all 0123 and 4567
+// lights, and the second packet sends 78AB and CDEF.
+//
+// We hide these details from the API to simplify things for the user:
+//
+// - The user sends us a complete lights set.  This should be sent at (up to) 30Hz.
+// If we get lights data too quickly, we'll always complete the one we started before
+// sending the next.
+// - We don't limit to exactly 30Hz to prevent phase issues where a 60 FPS game is
+// coming in and out of phase with our timer.  To avoid this, we limit to 40Hz.
+// - When we have new lights data to send, we send the first half right away, wait
+// 16ms (60Hz), then send the second half, which is the pacing the device expects.
+// - If we get a new lights update in between the two lights commands, we won't split
+// the lights.  The two lights commands will always come from the same update, so
+// we don't get weird interlacing effects.
+// - If SMX_ReenableAutoLights is called between the two commands, we need to guarantee
+// that we don't send the second lights commands, since that may re-disable auto lights.
+// - If we have two pads, the lights update is for both pads and we'll send both commands
+// for both pads at the same time, so both pads update lights simultaneously.
+void SMX::SMXManager::SetLights(const string sPanelLights[2])
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    LockMutex L(g_Lock);
+
+    // Don't send lights when a panel test mode is active.
+    if(m_PanelTestMode != PanelTestMode_Off)
+        return;
+
+    // If m_bOnlySendLightsOnChange is true, only send lights commands if the lights have
+    // actually changed.  This is only used for internal testing, and the controllers normally
+    // expect to receive regular lights updates, even if the lights aren't actually changing.
+    if(m_bOnlySendLightsOnChange)
+    {
+        static string sLastPanelLights[2];
+        if(sPanelLights[0] == sLastPanelLights[0] && sPanelLights[1] == sLastPanelLights[1])
+        {
+            Log("no change");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        sLastPanelLights[0] = sPanelLights[0];
+        sLastPanelLights[1] = sPanelLights[1];
+    }
+
+    // Separate top and bottom lights commands.
+    //
+    // sPanelLights[iPad] is
+    //
+    // 0123 0123 0123
+    // 4567 4567 4567
+    // 89AB 89AB 89AB
+    // CDEF CDEF CDEF
+    //
+    // 0123 0123 0123
+    // 4567 4567 4567
+    // 89AB 89AB 89AB
+    // CDEF CDEF CDEF
+    //
+    // 0123 0123 0123
+    // 4567 4567 4567
+    // 89AB 89AB 89AB
+    // CDEF CDEF CDEF
+    //
+    // If we're on a 25-light device, we have an additional grid of 3x3 LEDs:
+    //
+    //
+    // x x x x
+    //  0 1 2
+    // x x x x
+    //  3 4 5
+    // x x x x
+    //  6 7 8
+    // x x x x
+    //
+    // Set sLightsCommand[iPad][0] to include 0123 4567, [1] to 89AB CDEF,
+    // and [2] to the 3x3 grid.
+    string sLightCommands[3][2]; // sLightCommands[command][pad]
+
+    // Read the linearly arranged color data we've been given and split it into top and
+    // bottom commands for each pad.
+    for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+    {
+        // If there's no data for this pad, leave the command empty.
+        string sLightsDataForPad = sPanelLights[iPad];
+        if(sLightsDataForPad.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        // Sanity check the lights data.  For 4x4 lights, it should have 9*4*4*3 bytes of
+        // data: RGB for each of 4x4 LEDs on 9 panels.  For 25-light panels there should
+        // be 4x4+3x3 (25) lights of data.
+        size_t LightSize4x4 = 9*4*4*3;
+        size_t LightSize25 = 9*5*5*3;
+        if(sLightsDataForPad.size() != LightSize4x4 && sLightsDataForPad.size() != LightSize25)
+        {
+            Log(ssprintf("SetLights: Lights data should be %i or %i bytes, received %i",
+                LightSize4x4, LightSize25, sLightsDataForPad.size()));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // If we've been given 16 lights, pad to 25.
+        if(sLightsDataForPad.size() == LightSize4x4)
+            sLightsDataForPad.append(LightSize25 - LightSize4x4, '\0');
+
+        // Lights are sent in three commands:
+        // 
+        // 4: the 3x3 inner grid
+        // 2: the top 4x2 lights
+        // 3: the bottom 4x2 lights
+        //
+        // Command 4 is only used by firmware version 4+.
+        //
+        // Always send all three commands if the firmware expects it, even if we've
+        // been given 4x4 data.
+        sLightCommands[0][iPad] = "4";
+        sLightCommands[1][iPad] = "2";
+        sLightCommands[2][iPad] = "3";
+        int iNextInputByte = 0;
+        auto scaleLight = [](uint8_t iColor) {
+            // Apply color scaling.  Values over about 170 don't make the LEDs any brighter, so this
+            // gives better contrast and draws less power.
+            return uint8_t(iColor * 0.6666f);
+        };
+        for(int iPanel = 0; iPanel < 9; ++iPanel)
+        {
+            // Create the 2 and 3 commands.
+            for(int iByte = 0; iByte < 4*4*3; ++iByte)
+            {
+                uint8_t iColor = sLightsDataForPad[iNextInputByte++];
+                iColor = scaleLight(iColor);
+                
+                int iCommandIndex = iByte < 4*2*3? 1:2;
+                sLightCommands[iCommandIndex][iPad].append(1, iColor);
+            }
+
+            // Create the 4 command.
+            for(int iByte = 0; iByte < 3*3*3; ++iByte)
+            {
+                uint8_t iColor = sLightsDataForPad[iNextInputByte++];
+                iColor = scaleLight(iColor);
+                sLightCommands[0][iPad].append(1, iColor);
+            }
+        }
+
+        sLightCommands[0][iPad].push_back('\n');
+        sLightCommands[1][iPad].push_back('\n');
+        sLightCommands[2][iPad].push_back('\n');
+    }
+
+    // Each update adds one entry to m_aPendingLightsCommands for each lights command.
+    //
+    // If there are at least as many entries in m_aPendingLightsCommands as there are
+    // commands to send, then lights updates are happening faster than they can be sent
+    // to the pad.  If that happens, replace the existing commands rather than adding
+    // new ones.
+    //
+    // Make sure we always finish a lights update once we start it, so if we receive lights
+    // updates very quickly we won't just keep sending the first half and never finish one.
+    // Otherwise, we'll update with the newest data we have available.
+    //
+    // Note that m_aPendingLightsCommands contains the update for both pads, to guarantee
+    // we always send light updates for both pads together and they never end up out of
+    // phase.
+    if(m_aPendingLightsCommands.size() < 3)
+    {
+        // There's a subtle but important difference between command timing in
+        // firmware version 4 compared to earlier versions:
+        //
+        // Earlier firmwares would process host commands as soon as they're received.
+        // Because of this, we have to wait before sending the '3' command to give
+        // the master controller time to finish sending the '2' command to panels.
+        // If we don't do this everything will still work, but the master will block
+        // while processing the second command waiting for panel data to finish sending
+        // since the TX queue will be full.  If this happens it isn't processing HID
+        // data, which reduces input timing accuracy.
+        //
+        // Firmware version 4 won't process a host command if there's data still being
+        // sent to the panels.  It'll wait until the data is flushed.  This means that
+        // we can queue all three lights commands at once, and just send them as fast
+        // as the host acknowledges them.  The second command will sit around on the
+        // master controller's buffer until it finishes sending the first command to
+        // the panels, then the third command will do the same.
+        //
+        // This change is only needed due to the larger amount of data sent in 25-light
+        // mode.  Since we're spending more time sending data from the master to the
+        // panels, the timing requirements are tighter.  Doing it in the same manual-delay
+        // fashion causes too much latency and makes it harder to maintain 30 FPS.
+        //
+        // If two controllers are connected, they should either both be 4+ or not.  We
+        // don't handle the case where they're different and both timings are needed.
+        double fNow = GetMonotonicTime();
+        double fSendCommandAt = max(fNow, m_fDelayLightCommandsUntil);
+        double fCommandTimes[3] = { fNow, fNow, fNow };
+
+        bool masterIsV4 = false;
+        bool anyMasterConnected = false;
+        for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+        {
+            SMXConfig config;
+            if(!m_pDevices[iPad]->GetConfigLocked(config))
+                continue;
+
+            anyMasterConnected = true;
+            if(config.masterVersion >= 4)
+                masterIsV4 = true;
+        }
+
+        // If we don't have the config yet, the master is in the process of connecting, so don't
+        // queue lights.
+        if(!anyMasterConnected)
+            return;
+
+        // If we're on master firmware < 4, set delay times.  For 4+, just queue commands.
+        // We don't need to set fCommandTimes[0] since the '4' packet won't be sent.
+        if(!masterIsV4)
+        {
+            const double fDelayBetweenLightsCommands = 1/60.0;
+            fCommandTimes[1] = fSendCommandAt;
+            fCommandTimes[2] = fCommandTimes[1] + fDelayBetweenLightsCommands;
+        }
+
+        // Update m_fDelayLightCommandsUntil, so we know when the next
+        // lights command can be sent.
+        m_fDelayLightCommandsUntil = fSendCommandAt + 1/30.0f;
+
+        // Add three commands to the list, scheduled at fFirstCommandTime and fSecondCommandTime.
+        m_aPendingLightsCommands.push_back(PendingCommand(fCommandTimes[0]));
+        m_aPendingLightsCommands.push_back(PendingCommand(fCommandTimes[1]));
+        m_aPendingLightsCommands.push_back(PendingCommand(fCommandTimes[2]));
+    }
+
+    // Set the pad commands.
+    for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+    {
+        // If the command for this pad is empty, leave any existing pad command alone.
+        if(sLightCommands[0][iPad].empty())
+            continue;
+
+        SMXConfig config;
+        if(!m_pDevices[iPad]->GetConfigLocked(config))
+            continue;
+
+        // If this pad is firmware version 4, send the 4 command.  Otherwise, leave the 4 command
+        // empty and no command will be sent.
+        PendingCommand *pPending4Commands = &m_aPendingLightsCommands[m_aPendingLightsCommands.size()-3]; // 3
+        if(config.masterVersion >= 4)
+            pPending4Commands->sPadCommand[iPad] = sLightCommands[0][iPad];
+        else
+            pPending4Commands->sPadCommand[iPad] = "";
+
+        PendingCommand *pPending2Commands = &m_aPendingLightsCommands[m_aPendingLightsCommands.size()-2]; // 2
+        pPending2Commands->sPadCommand[iPad] = sLightCommands[1][iPad];
+
+        PendingCommand *pPending3Commands = &m_aPendingLightsCommands[m_aPendingLightsCommands.size()-1]; // 3
+        pPending3Commands->sPadCommand[iPad] = sLightCommands[2][iPad];
+    }
+
+    // Wake up the I/O thread if it's blocking on WaitForMultipleObjectsEx.
+    SetEvent(m_hEvent->value());
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXManager::SetPlatformLights(const string sPanelLights[2])
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    LockMutex L(g_Lock);
+
+    // Read the linearly arranged color data we've been given and split it into top and
+    // bottom commands for each pad.
+    for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+    {
+        // If there's no data for this pad, skip it.
+        string sLightsDataForPad = sPanelLights[iPad];
+        if(sLightsDataForPad.empty())
+            continue;
+
+        if(sLightsDataForPad.size() != 44*3)
+        {
+            Log(ssprintf("SetPlatformLights: Platform lights data should be %i bytes, received %i",
+                44*3, sLightsDataForPad.size()));
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // If this master doesn't support this, skip it.
+        SMXConfig config;
+        if(!m_pDevices[iPad]->GetConfigLocked(config))
+            continue;
+        if(config.masterVersion < 4)
+            continue;
+
+        string sLightCommand;
+        sLightCommand.push_back('L');
+        sLightCommand.push_back(0); // LED strip index (always 0)
+        sLightCommand.push_back(44); // number of LEDs to set
+        sLightCommand += sLightsDataForPad;
+
+        m_pDevices[iPad]->SendCommandLocked(sLightCommand);
+    }
+
+    // Wake up the I/O thread if it's blocking on WaitForMultipleObjectsEx.
+    SetEvent(m_hEvent->value());
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXManager::ReenableAutoLights()
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    LockMutex L(g_Lock);
+
+    // Clear any pending lights commands, so we don't re-disable auto-lighting by sending a
+    // lights command after we enable it.  If we've sent the first half of a lights update
+    // and this causes us to not send the second half, the controller will just discard it.
+    m_aPendingLightsCommands.clear();
+    for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+        m_pDevices[iPad]->SendCommandLocked(string("S 1\n", 4));
+}
+
+// Check to see if we should send any commands in m_aPendingLightsCommands.
+void SMX::SMXManager::SendLightUpdates()
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // If previous lights commands are being sent, wait for them to complete before
+    // queueing more.
+    if(m_iLightsCommandsInProgress > 0)
+        return;
+
+    // If we have more than one command queued, we can queue several of them if we're
+    // before fTimeToSend.  For the V4 pads that require more commands, this lets us queue
+    // the whole lights update at once.  V3 pads require us to time commands, so we can't
+    // spam both lights commands at once, which is handled by fTimeToSend.
+    while( !m_aPendingLightsCommands.empty() )
+    {
+        // Send the lights command for each pad.  If either pad isn't connected, this won't do
+        // anything.
+        const PendingCommand &command = m_aPendingLightsCommands[0];
+
+        // See if it's time to send this command.
+        if(command.fTimeToSend > GetMonotonicTime())
+            break;
+
+        for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+        {
+            if(!command.sPadCommand[iPad].empty())
+            {
+                // Count the number of commands we've queued.  We won't send any more until
+                // this reaches 0 and all queued commands were sent.
+                m_iLightsCommandsInProgress++;
+
+                // The completion callback is guaranteed to always be called, even if the controller
+                // disconnects and the command wasn't sent.
+                m_pDevices[iPad]->SendCommandLocked(command.sPadCommand[iPad], [this, iPad](string response) {
+                    g_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+                    m_iLightsCommandsInProgress--;
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Remove the command we've sent.
+        m_aPendingLightsCommands.erase(m_aPendingLightsCommands.begin(), m_aPendingLightsCommands.begin()+1);
+    }
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXManager::SetPanelTestMode(PanelTestMode mode)
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    LockMutex Lock(g_Lock);
+    m_PanelTestMode = mode;
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXManager::UpdatePanelTestMode()
+{
+    // If the test mode has changed, send the new test mode.
+    //
+    // When the test mode is enabled, send the test mode again periodically, or it'll time
+    // out on the master and be turned off.  Don't repeat the PanelTestMode_Off command.
+    g_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+    uint32_t now = GetTickCount();
+    if(m_PanelTestMode == m_LastSentPanelTestMode && 
+        (m_PanelTestMode == PanelTestMode_Off || now - m_SentPanelTestModeAtTicks < 1000))
+        return;
+
+    // When we first send the test mode command (not for repeats), turn off lights.
+    if(m_LastSentPanelTestMode == PanelTestMode_Off)
+    {
+        // The 'l' command used to set lights, but it's now only used to turn lights off
+        // for cases like this.
+        string sData = "l";
+        sData.append(108, 0);
+        sData += "\n";
+        for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+            m_pDevices[iPad]->SendCommandLocked(sData);
+    }
+
+    m_SentPanelTestModeAtTicks = now;
+    m_LastSentPanelTestMode = m_PanelTestMode;
+    for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+        m_pDevices[iPad]->SendCommandLocked(ssprintf("t %c\n", m_PanelTestMode));
+}
+
+// Assign a serial number to master controllers if one isn't already assigned.  This
+// will have no effect if a serial is already set.
+//
+// We just assign a random number.  The serial number will be used as the USB serial
+// number, and can be queried in SMXInfo.
+void SMX::SMXManager::SetSerialNumbers()
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    LockMutex L(g_Lock);
+
+    m_aPendingLightsCommands.clear();
+    for(int iPad = 0; iPad < 2; ++iPad)
+    {
+        string sData = "s";
+        uint8_t serial[16];
+        SMX::GenerateRandom(serial, sizeof(serial));
+        sData.append((char *) serial, sizeof(serial));
+        sData.append(1, '\n');
+
+        m_pDevices[iPad]->SendCommandLocked(sData);
+    }
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXManager::RunInHelperThread(function<void()> func)
+{
+    m_UserCallbackThread.RunInThread(func);
+}
+
+// See if there are any new devices to connect to.
+void SMX::SMXManager::AttemptConnections()
+{
+    g_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    vector<shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle>> apDevices = m_pSMXDeviceSearchThreaded->GetDevices();
+
+    // Check each device that we've found.  This will include ones we already have open.
+    for(shared_ptr<AutoCloseHandle> pHandle: apDevices)
+    {
+        // See if this device is already open.  If it is, we don't need to do anything with it.
+        bool bAlreadyOpen = false;
+        for(shared_ptr<SMXDevice> pDevice: m_pDevices)
+        {
+            if(pDevice->GetDeviceHandle() == pHandle)
+                bAlreadyOpen = true;
+        }
+        if(bAlreadyOpen)
+            continue;
+
+        // Find an open device slot.
+        shared_ptr<SMXDevice> pDeviceToOpen;
+        for(shared_ptr<SMXDevice> pDevice: m_pDevices)
+        {
+            // Note that we check whether the device has a handle rather than calling IsConnected, since
+            // devices aren't actually considered connected until they've read the configuration.
+            if(pDevice->GetDeviceHandle() == NULL)
+            {
+                pDeviceToOpen = pDevice;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if(pDeviceToOpen == nullptr)
+        {
+            // All device slots are used.  Are there more than two devices plugged in?
+            Log("Error: No available slots for device.  Are more than two devices connected?");
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Open the device in this slot.
+        Log("Opening SMX device");
+        wstring sError;
+        pDeviceToOpen->OpenDeviceHandle(pHandle, sError);
+        if(!sError.empty())
+            Log(ssprintf("Error opening device: %ls", sError.c_str()));
+    }
+}
+
+
+
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXManager.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXManager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cea977c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXManager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#ifndef SMXManager_h
+#define SMXManager_h
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+#include <functional>
+using namespace std;
+
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include "../SMX.h"
+#include "SMXHelperThread.h"
+
+namespace SMX {
+class SMXDevice;
+class SMXDeviceSearchThreaded;
+
+struct SMXControllerState
+{
+    // True 
+    bool m_bConnected[2];
+
+    // Pressed panels for player 1 and player 2:
+    uint16_t m_Inputs[2];
+};
+
+// This implements the main thread that controller communication and device searching
+// happens in, finding and opening devices, and running device updates.
+//
+// Connected controllers can be accessed with GetDevice(), 
+// This also abstracts controller numbers.  GetDevice(SMX_PadNumber_1) will return the
+// first device that connected, 
+class SMXManager
+{
+public:
+    // Our singleton:
+    static shared_ptr<SMXManager> g_pSMX;
+
+    // pCallback is a function to be called when something changes on any device.  This allows
+    // efficiently detecting when a panel is pressed or other changes happen.
+    SMXManager(function<void(int PadNumber, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason)> pCallback);
+    ~SMXManager();
+
+    void Shutdown();
+    shared_ptr<SMXDevice> GetDevice(int pad);
+    void SetLights(const string sLights[2]);
+    void SetPlatformLights(const string sLights[2]);
+    void ReenableAutoLights();
+    void SetPanelTestMode(PanelTestMode mode);
+    void SetSerialNumbers();
+    void SetOnlySendLightsOnChange(bool value) { m_bOnlySendLightsOnChange = value; }
+    
+    // Run a function in the user callback thread.
+    void RunInHelperThread(function<void()> func);
+
+private:
+    static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMainStart(void *self_);
+    void ThreadMain();
+    void AttemptConnections();
+    void CorrectDeviceOrder();
+    void SendLightUpdates();
+
+    HANDLE m_hThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    shared_ptr<SMX::AutoCloseHandle> m_hEvent;
+    shared_ptr<SMXDeviceSearchThreaded> m_pSMXDeviceSearchThreaded;
+    bool m_bShutdown = false;
+    vector<shared_ptr<SMXDevice>> m_pDevices;
+
+    // We make user callbacks asynchronously in this thread, to avoid any locking or timing
+    // issues that could occur by calling them in our I/O thread.
+    SMXHelperThread m_UserCallbackThread;
+
+    // A list of queued lights commands to send to the controllers.  This is always sorted
+    // by iTimeToSend.
+    struct PendingCommand
+    {
+        PendingCommand(float fTime): fTimeToSend(fTime) { }
+        double fTimeToSend = 0;
+        string sPadCommand[2];
+    };
+    vector<PendingCommand> m_aPendingLightsCommands;
+    int m_iLightsCommandsInProgress = 0;
+    double m_fDelayLightCommandsUntil = 0;
+
+    // Panel test mode.  This is separate from the sensor test mode (pressure display),
+    // which is handled in SMXDevice.
+    void UpdatePanelTestMode();
+    uint32_t m_SentPanelTestModeAtTicks = 0;
+    PanelTestMode m_PanelTestMode = PanelTestMode_Off;
+    PanelTestMode m_LastSentPanelTestMode = PanelTestMode_Off;
+
+    bool m_bOnlySendLightsOnChange = false;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b38341
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+// Handle playing GIF animations from inside SMXConfig.
+//
+// This can load two GIF animations, one for when panels are released
+// and one for when they're pressed, and play them automatically on the
+// pad in the background.  Applications that control lights can do more
+// sophisticated things with the lights, but this gives an easy way for
+// people to create simple animations.
+//
+// If you're implementing the SDK in a game, you don't need this and should
+// use SMX.h instead.
+//
+// An animation is a single GIF with animations for all panels, in the
+// following layout:
+//
+// 0000|1111|2222
+// 0000|1111|2222
+// 0000|1111|2222
+// 0000|1111|2222
+// --------------
+// 3333|4444|5555
+// 3333|4444|5555
+// 3333|4444|5555
+// 3333|4444|5555
+// --------------
+// 6666|7777|8888
+// 6666|7777|8888
+// 6666|7777|8888
+// 6666|7777|8888
+// x-------------
+//
+// The - | regions are ignored and are only there to space out the animation
+// to make it easier to view.
+//
+// The extra bottom row is a flag row and should normally be black.  The first
+// pixel (bottom-left) optionally marks a loop frame.  By default, the animation
+// plays all the way through and then loops back to the beginning.  If the loop
+// frame pixel is white, it marks a frame to loop to instead of the beginning.
+// This allows pressed animations to have a separate lead-in and loop.
+//
+// Each animation is for a single pad.  You can load the same animation for both
+// pads or use different ones.
+
+#include "SMXPanelAnimation.h"
+#include "SMXManager.h"
+#include "SMXDevice.h"
+#include "SMXThread.h"
+#include <cmath>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+namespace {
+    Mutex g_Lock;
+}
+
+#define LIGHTS_PER_PANEL 25
+
+// XXX: go to sleep if there are no pads connected
+
+struct AnimationState
+{
+    SMXPanelAnimation animation;
+
+    // Seconds into the animation:
+    float fTime = 0;
+
+    // The currently displayed frame:
+    size_t iCurrentFrame = 0;
+
+    bool bPlaying = false;
+
+    double m_fLastUpdateTime = -1;
+
+    // Return the current animation frame.
+    const vector<SMXGif::Color> &GetAnimationFrame() const
+    {
+        // If we're not playing, return an empty array.  As a sanity check, do this
+        // if the frame is out of bounds too.
+        if(!bPlaying || iCurrentFrame >= animation.m_aPanelGraphics.size())
+        {
+            static vector<SMXGif::Color> dummy;
+            return dummy;
+        }
+
+        return animation.m_aPanelGraphics[iCurrentFrame];
+    }
+
+    // Start the animation if it's not playing.
+    void Play()
+    {
+        bPlaying = true;
+    }
+
+    // Stop and disable the animation.
+    void Stop()
+    {
+        bPlaying = false;
+        Rewind();
+    }
+
+    // Reset to the first frame.
+    void Rewind()
+    {
+        fTime = 0;
+        iCurrentFrame = 0;
+    }
+
+    // Advance the animation by fSeconds.
+    void Update()
+    {
+        // fSeconds is the time since the last update:
+        double fNow = SMX::GetMonotonicTime();
+        double fSeconds = m_fLastUpdateTime == -1? 0: (fNow - m_fLastUpdateTime);
+        m_fLastUpdateTime = fNow;
+
+        if(!bPlaying || animation.m_aPanelGraphics.empty())
+            return;
+
+        // If the current frame is past the end, a new animation was probably
+        // loaded.
+        if(iCurrentFrame >= animation.m_aPanelGraphics.size())
+            Rewind();
+
+        // Advance time.
+        fTime += fSeconds;
+
+        // If we're still on this frame, we're done.
+        float fFrameDuration = animation.m_iFrameDurations[iCurrentFrame];
+        if(fTime - 0.00001f < fFrameDuration)
+            return;
+
+        // If we've passed the end of the frame, move to the next frame.  Don't
+        // skip frames if we're updating too quickly.
+        fTime -= fFrameDuration;
+        if(fTime > 0)
+            fTime = 0;
+
+        // Advance the frame.
+        iCurrentFrame++;
+
+        // If we're at the end of the frame, rewind to the loop frame.
+        if(iCurrentFrame == animation.m_aPanelGraphics.size())
+            iCurrentFrame = animation.m_iLoopFrame;
+    }
+};
+
+struct AnimationStateForPad
+{
+    // asLightsData is an array of lights data to send to the pad and graphic
+    // is an animation graphic.  Overlay graphic on top of the lights.
+    void OverlayLights(char *asLightsData, const vector<SMXGif::Color> &graphic) const
+    {
+        // Stop if this graphic isn't loaded or is paused.
+        if(graphic.empty())
+            return;
+
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < graphic.size(); ++i)
+        {
+            if(i >= LIGHTS_PER_PANEL)
+                return;
+
+            // If this color is transparent, leave the released animation alone.
+            if(graphic[i].color[3] == 0)
+                continue;
+
+            asLightsData[i*3+0] = graphic[i].color[0];
+            asLightsData[i*3+1] = graphic[i].color[1];
+            asLightsData[i*3+2] = graphic[i].color[2];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Return the command to set the current animation state as pad lights.
+    string GetLightsCommand(int iPadState, const SMXConfig &config) const
+    {
+        g_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+        // If AutoLightingUsePressedAnimations is set, use lights animations.
+        // If it's not (the config tool is set to step color), mimic the built-in
+        // step color behavior instead of using pressed animations.  Any released
+        // animation will always be used.
+        bool bUsePressedAnimations = config.flags & PlatformFlags_AutoLightingUsePressedAnimations;
+
+        const int iBytesPerPanel = LIGHTS_PER_PANEL*3;
+        const int iTotalLights = 9*iBytesPerPanel;
+        string result(iTotalLights, 0);
+
+        for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+        {
+            // The portion of lights data for this panel:
+            char *out = &result[panel*iBytesPerPanel];
+
+            // Skip this panel if it's not in autoLightPanelMask.
+            if(!(config.autoLightPanelMask & (1 << panel)))
+                continue;
+
+            // Add the released animation, then overlay the pressed animation if we're pressed.
+            OverlayLights(out, animations[SMX_LightsType_Released][panel].GetAnimationFrame());
+            bool bPressed = bool(iPadState & (1 << panel));
+            if(bPressed && bUsePressedAnimations)
+                OverlayLights(out, animations[SMX_LightsType_Pressed][panel].GetAnimationFrame());
+            else if(bPressed && !bUsePressedAnimations)
+            {
+                // Light all LEDs on this panel using stepColor.
+                double LightsScaleFactor = 0.666666f;
+                const uint8_t *color = &config.stepColor[panel*3];
+
+                for(int light = 0; light < LIGHTS_PER_PANEL; ++light)
+                {
+                    for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+                    {
+                        // stepColor is scaled to the 0-170 range.  Scale it back to the 0-255 range.
+                        // User applications don't need to worry about this since they normally don't
+                        // need to care about stepColor.
+                        uint8_t c = color[i];
+                        c = (uint8_t) lrintf(min(255.0f, static_cast<float>(c / LightsScaleFactor)));
+                        out[light*3+i] = c;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // State for both animations on each panel:
+    AnimationState animations[NUM_SMX_LightsType][9];
+};
+
+namespace
+{
+    // Animations and animation states for both pads.
+    AnimationStateForPad pad_states[2];
+}
+
+namespace {
+    // The X,Y positions of each possible panel.
+    vector<pair<int,int>> graphic_positions = {
+        { 0,0 },
+        { 1,0 },
+        { 2,0 },
+        { 0,1 },
+        { 1,1 },
+        { 2,1 },
+        { 0,2 },
+        { 1,2 },
+        { 2,2 },
+    };
+
+    // Given a 14x15 graphic frame and a panel number, return an array of 16 colors, containing
+    // each light in the order it's sent to the master controller.
+    void ConvertToPanelGraphic16(const SMXGif::GIFImage &src, vector<SMXGif::Color> &dst, int panel)
+    {
+        dst.clear();
+
+        // The top-left corner for this panel:
+        int x = graphic_positions[panel].first * 5;
+        int y = graphic_positions[panel].second * 5;
+
+        // Add the 4x4 grid.
+        for(int dy = 0; dy < 4; ++dy)
+            for(int dx = 0; dx < 4; ++dx)
+                dst.push_back(src.get(x+dx, y+dy));
+
+        // These animations have no data for the 3x3 grid, so just set them to transparent.
+        for(int dy = 0; dy < 3; ++dy)
+            for(int dx = 0; dx < 3; ++dx)
+                dst.push_back(SMXGif::Color(0,0,0,0));
+    }
+
+    // Given a 23x24 graphic frame and a panel number, return an array of 25 colors, containing
+    // each light in the order it's sent to the master controller.
+    void ConvertToPanelGraphic25(const SMXGif::GIFImage &src, vector<SMXGif::Color> &dst, int panel)
+    {
+        dst.clear();
+
+        // The top-left corner for this panel:
+        int x = graphic_positions[panel].first * 8;
+        int y = graphic_positions[panel].second * 8;
+
+        // Add the 4x4 grid first.
+        for(int dy = 0; dy < 4; ++dy)
+            for(int dx = 0; dx < 4; ++dx)
+                dst.push_back(src.get(x+dx*2, y+dy*2));
+
+        // Add the 3x3 grid.
+        for(int dy = 0; dy < 3; ++dy)
+            for(int dx = 0; dx < 3; ++dx)
+                dst.push_back(src.get(x+dx*2+1, y+dy*2+1));
+    }
+}
+
+// Load an array of animation frames as a panel animation.  Each frame must
+// be 14x15 or 23x24.
+void SMXPanelAnimation::Load(const vector<SMXGif::SMXGifFrame> &frames, int panel)
+{
+    m_aPanelGraphics.clear();
+    m_iFrameDurations.clear();
+    m_iLoopFrame = -1;
+
+    for(size_t frame_no = 0; frame_no < frames.size(); ++frame_no)
+    {
+        const SMXGif::SMXGifFrame &gif_frame = frames[frame_no];
+
+        // If the bottom-left pixel is white, this is the loop frame, which marks the
+        // frame the animation should start at after a loop.  This is global to the
+        // animation, not specific to each panel.
+        SMXGif::Color marker = gif_frame.frame.get(0, gif_frame.frame.height-1);
+        if(marker.color[3] == 0xFF && marker.color[0] >= 0x80)
+        {
+            // We shouldn't see more than one of these.  If we do, use the first.
+            if(m_iLoopFrame == -1)
+                m_iLoopFrame = frame_no;
+        }
+
+        // Extract this frame.  If the graphic is 14x15 it's a 4x4 animation,
+        // and if it's 23x24 it's 25-light.
+        vector<SMXGif::Color> panel_graphic;
+        if(frames[0].width == 14)
+            ConvertToPanelGraphic16(gif_frame.frame, panel_graphic, panel);
+        else
+            ConvertToPanelGraphic25(gif_frame.frame, panel_graphic, panel);
+
+        // GIFs have a very low-resolution duration field, with 10ms units.
+        // The panels run at 30 FPS internally, or 33 1/3 ms, but GIF can only
+        // represent 30ms or 40ms.  Most applications will probably output 30,
+        // but snap both 30ms and 40ms to exactly 30 FPS to make sure animations
+        // that are meant to run at native framerate do.
+        float seconds;
+        if(gif_frame.milliseconds == 30 || gif_frame.milliseconds == 40)
+            seconds = 1 / 30.0f;
+        else
+            seconds = gif_frame.milliseconds / 1000.0;
+
+        m_aPanelGraphics.push_back(panel_graphic);
+        m_iFrameDurations.push_back(seconds);
+    }
+
+    // By default, loop back to the first frame.
+    if(m_iLoopFrame == -1)
+        m_iLoopFrame = 0;
+}
+
+#include "SMXPanelAnimationUpload.h"
+
+// Load a GIF into SMXLoadedPanelAnimations::animations.
+bool SMX_LightsAnimation_Load(const char *gif, int size, int pad, SMX_LightsType type, const char **error)
+{
+    // Parse the GIF.
+    string buf(gif, size);
+    vector<SMXGif::SMXGifFrame> frames;
+    if(!SMXGif::DecodeGIF(buf, frames) || frames.empty())
+    {
+        *error = "The GIF couldn't be read.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Check the dimensions of the image.  We only need to check the first, the
+    // others will always have the same size.
+    if((frames[0].width != 14 || frames[0].height != 15) && (frames[0].width != 23 || frames[0].height != 24))
+    {
+        *error = "The GIF must be 14x15 or 23x24.";
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Load the graphics into SMXPanelAnimations.
+    SMXPanelAnimation animations[9];
+    for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+        animations[panel].Load(frames, panel);
+
+    // Set up the upload for this graphic.
+    if(!SMX_LightsUpload_PrepareUpload(pad, type, animations, error))
+        return false;
+
+    // Lock while we access pad_states.
+    g_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+    LockMutex L(g_Lock);
+
+    // Commit the animation to pad_states now that we know there are no errors.
+    for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+    {
+        SMXPanelAnimation &animation = pad_states[pad].animations[type][panel].animation;
+        animation = animations[panel];
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+namespace
+{
+    double g_fStopAnimatingUntil = -1;
+}
+
+void SMXAutoPanelAnimations::TemporaryStopAnimating()
+{
+    // Stop animating for 100ms.
+    double fStopForSeconds = 1/10.0f;
+    g_fStopAnimatingUntil = SMX::GetMonotonicTime() + fStopForSeconds;
+}
+
+// A thread to handle setting light animations.  We do this in a separate
+// thread rather than in the SMXManager thread so this can be treated as
+// if it's external application thread, and it's making normal threaded
+// calls to SetLights.
+class PanelAnimationThread: public SMXThread
+{
+public:
+    static shared_ptr<PanelAnimationThread> g_pSingleton;
+    PanelAnimationThread():
+        SMXThread(g_Lock)
+    {
+        Start("SMX light animations");
+    }
+
+private:
+    void ThreadMain()
+    {
+        m_Lock.Lock();
+        
+        // Update lights at 30 FPS.
+        const int iDelayMS = 33;
+
+        while(!m_bShutdown)
+        {
+            // Check if we've temporarily stopped updating lights.
+            bool bSkipUpdate = g_fStopAnimatingUntil > SMX::GetMonotonicTime();
+
+            // Run a single panel lights update.
+            if(!bSkipUpdate)
+                UpdateLights();
+
+            // Wait up to 30 FPS, or until we're signalled.  We can only be signalled
+            // if we're shutting down, so we don't need to worry about partial frame
+            // delays.
+            m_Event.Wait(iDelayMS);
+        }
+
+        m_Lock.Unlock();
+    }
+
+    // Return lights for the given pad and pad state, using the loaded panel animations.
+    bool GetCurrentLights(string &asLightsDataOut, int pad, int iPadState)
+    {
+        m_Lock.AssertLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+        // Get this pad's configuration.
+        SMXConfig config;
+        if(!SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->GetConfig(config))
+            return false;
+
+        // If this controller handles animation itself, don't handle it here too.  It can
+        // lead to confusing situations if SMXConfig's animations don't match the ones stored
+        // on the pad.
+        if(config.masterVersion >= 4)
+            return false;
+
+        AnimationStateForPad &pad_state = pad_states[pad];
+
+        // Make sure the correct animations are playing.
+        for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+        {
+            // The released animation is always playing.
+            pad_state.animations[SMX_LightsType_Released][panel].Play();
+
+            // The pressed animation only plays while the button is pressed,
+            // and rewind when it's released.
+            bool bPressed = iPadState & (1 << panel);
+            if(bPressed)
+                pad_state.animations[SMX_LightsType_Pressed][panel].Play();
+            else
+                pad_state.animations[SMX_LightsType_Pressed][panel].Stop();
+        }
+
+        // Set the current state.
+        asLightsDataOut = pad_state.GetLightsCommand(iPadState, config);
+
+        // Advance animations.
+        for(int type = 0; type < NUM_SMX_LightsType; ++type)
+        {
+            for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+                pad_state.animations[type][panel].Update();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Run a single light animation update.
+    void UpdateLights()
+    {
+        string asLightsData[2];
+        bool bHaveLights = false;
+        for(int pad = 0; pad < 2; pad++)
+        {
+            int iPadState = SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad)->GetInputState();
+            if(GetCurrentLights(asLightsData[pad], pad, iPadState))
+                bHaveLights = true;
+        }
+
+        // Update lights.
+        if(bHaveLights)
+            SMXManager::g_pSMX->SetLights(asLightsData);
+    }
+};
+
+void SMX_LightsAnimation_SetAuto(bool enable)
+{
+    if(!enable)
+    {
+        // If we're turning off, shut down the thread if it's running.
+        if(PanelAnimationThread::g_pSingleton)
+            PanelAnimationThread::g_pSingleton->Shutdown();
+        PanelAnimationThread::g_pSingleton.reset();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Create the animation thread if it's not already running.
+    if(PanelAnimationThread::g_pSingleton)
+        return;
+    PanelAnimationThread::g_pSingleton.reset(new PanelAnimationThread());
+}
+
+shared_ptr<PanelAnimationThread> PanelAnimationThread::g_pSingleton;
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..791b448
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimation.h
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#ifndef SMXPanelAnimation_h
+#define SMXPanelAnimation_h
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "SMXGif.h"
+
+enum SMX_LightsType
+{
+    SMX_LightsType_Released, // animation while panels are released
+    SMX_LightsType_Pressed, // animation while panel is pressed
+    NUM_SMX_LightsType,
+};
+
+// SMXPanelAnimation holds an animation, with graphics for a single panel.
+class SMXPanelAnimation
+{
+public:
+    void Load(const std::vector<SMXGif::SMXGifFrame> &frames, int panel);
+
+    // The high-level animated GIF frames:
+    std::vector<std::vector<SMXGif::Color>> m_aPanelGraphics;
+
+    // The animation starts on frame 0.  When it reaches the end, it loops
+    // back to this frame.
+    int m_iLoopFrame = 0;
+
+    // The duration of each frame in seconds.
+    std::vector<float> m_iFrameDurations;
+};
+
+namespace SMXAutoPanelAnimations
+{
+    // If SMX_LightsAnimation_SetAuto is active, stop sending animations briefly.  This is
+    // called when lights are set directly, so they don't compete with the animation.
+    void TemporaryStopAnimating();
+}
+
+// For SMX_API:
+#include "../SMX.h"
+
+// High-level interface for C# bindings:
+//
+// Load an animated GIF as a panel animation.  pad is the pad this animation is for (0 or 1),
+// and type is which animation this is for.  Any previously loaded animation will be replaced.
+// On error, false is returned and error is set to a plain-text error message which is valid
+// until the next call.  On success, the animation can be uploaded to the pad if supported using
+// SMX_LightsUpload_BeginUpload, or used directly with SMX_LightsAnimation_SetAuto.
+SMX_API bool SMX_LightsAnimation_Load(const char *gif, int size, int pad, SMX_LightsType type, const char **error);
+
+// Enable or disable automatically handling lights animations.  If enabled, any animations
+// loaded with SMX_LightsAnimation_Load will run automatically as long as the SDK is loaded.
+// This only has an effect if the platform doesn't handle animations directly.  On newer firmware,
+// this has no effect (upload the animation to the panel instead).
+// XXX: should we automatically disable SMX_SetLights when this is enabled?
+SMX_API void SMX_LightsAnimation_SetAuto(bool enable);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4faab38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+#include "SMXPanelAnimationUpload.h"
+#include "SMXPanelAnimation.h"
+#include "SMXGif.h"
+#include "SMXManager.h"
+#include "SMXDevice.h"
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <cmath>
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+// This handles setting up commands to upload panel animations to the
+// controller.
+//
+// This is only meant to be used by configuration tools to allow setting
+// up animations that work while the pad isn't being controlled by the
+// SDK.  If you want to control lights for your game, this isn't what
+// you want.  Use SMX_SetLights instead.
+//
+// Panel animations are sent to the master controller one panel at a time, and
+// each animation can take several commands to upload to fit in the protocol packet
+// size.  These commands are stateful.
+namespace
+{
+    // Panel names for error messages.
+    static const char *panel_names[] = {
+        "up-left", "up", "up-right",
+        "left", "center", "right",
+        "down-left", "down", "down-right",
+    };
+}
+
+// These structs are the protocol we use to send offline graphics to the pad.
+// This isn't related to realtime lighting.
+namespace PanelLightGraphic
+{
+    // One 24-bit RGB color:
+    struct color_t {
+        uint8_t rgb[3];
+    };
+
+    // 4-bit palette, 15 colors.  Our graphics are 4-bit.  Color 0xF is transparent,
+    // so we don't have a palette entry for it.
+    struct palette_t {
+        color_t colors[15];
+    };
+
+    // A single 4-bit paletted graphic.
+    struct graphic_t {
+        uint8_t data[13];
+    };
+
+    struct panel_animation_data_t
+    {
+        // Our graphics and palettes.  We can apply either palette to any graphic.  Note that
+        // each graphic is 13 bytes and each palette is 45 bytes.
+        graphic_t graphics[64];
+        palette_t palettes[2];
+    };
+
+    struct animation_timing_t
+    {
+        // An index into frames[]:
+        uint8_t loop_animation_frame;
+
+        // A list of graphic frames to display, and how long to display them in
+        // 30 FPS frames.  A frame index of 0xFF (or reaching the end) loops.
+        uint8_t frames[64];
+        uint8_t delay[64];
+    };
+
+    // Commands to upload data:
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+    struct upload_packet
+    {
+        // 'm' to upload master animation data.
+        uint8_t cmd = 'm';
+
+        // The panel this data is for.  If this is 0xFF, it's for the master.
+        uint8_t panel = 0;
+
+        // For master uploads, the animation number to modify.  Panels ignore this field.
+        uint8_t animation_idx = 0;
+
+        // True if this is the last upload packet.  This lets the firmware know that
+        // this part of the upload is finished and it can update anything that might
+        // be affected by it, like resetting lights animations.
+        bool final_packet = false;
+
+        uint16_t offset = 0;
+        uint8_t size = 0;
+        uint8_t data[240];
+    };
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+    struct delay_packet
+    {
+        // 'd' to ask the master to delay.
+        uint8_t cmd = 'd';
+
+        // How long to delay:
+        uint16_t milliseconds = 0;
+    };
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+    // Make sure the packet fits in a command packet.
+    static_assert(sizeof(upload_packet) <= 0xFF, "");
+}
+
+// The GIFs can use variable framerates.  The panels update at 30 FPS.
+#define FPS 30
+
+// Helpers for converting PanelGraphics to the packed sprite representation
+// we give to the pad.
+namespace ProtocolHelpers
+{
+    // Return a color's index in palette.  If the color isn't found, return 0xFF.
+    // We can use a dumb linear search here since the graphics are so small.
+    uint8_t GetColorIndex(const PanelLightGraphic::palette_t &palette, const SMXGif::Color &color)
+    {
+        // Transparency is always palette index 15.
+        if(color.color[3] == 0)
+            return 15;
+
+        for(int idx = 0; idx < 15; ++idx)
+        {
+            PanelLightGraphic::color_t pad_color = palette.colors[idx];
+            if(pad_color.rgb[0] == color.color[0] &&
+                pad_color.rgb[1] == color.color[1] &&
+                pad_color.rgb[2] == color.color[2])
+                return idx;
+        }
+        return 0xFF;
+    }
+
+    // Create a palette for an animation.
+    //
+    // We're loading from paletted GIFs, but we create a separate small palette
+    // for each panel's animation, so we don't use the GIF's palette.
+    bool CreatePalette(const SMXPanelAnimation &animation, PanelLightGraphic::palette_t &palette)
+    {
+        int next_color = 0;
+        for(const auto &panel_graphic: animation.m_aPanelGraphics)
+        {
+            for(const SMXGif::Color &color: panel_graphic)
+            {
+                // If this color is transparent, leave it out of the palette.
+                if(color.color[3] == 0)
+                    continue;
+
+                // Check if this color is already in the palette.
+                uint8_t existing_idx = GetColorIndex(palette, color);
+                if(existing_idx != 0xFF)
+                    continue;
+
+                // Return false if we're using too many colors.
+                if(next_color == 15)
+                    return false;
+
+                // Add this color.
+                PanelLightGraphic::color_t pad_color;
+                pad_color.rgb[0] = color.color[0];
+                pad_color.rgb[1] = color.color[1];
+                pad_color.rgb[2] = color.color[2];
+                palette.colors[next_color] = pad_color;
+                next_color++;
+            }
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Return packed paletted graphics for each frame, using a palette created
+    // with CreatePalette.  The palette must have fewer than 16 colors.
+    void CreatePackedGraphic(const vector<SMXGif::Color> &image, const PanelLightGraphic::palette_t &palette,
+        PanelLightGraphic::graphic_t &out)
+    {
+        int position = 0;
+        memset(out.data, 0, sizeof(out.data));
+        for(auto color: image)
+        {
+            // Transparency is always palette index 15.
+            uint8_t palette_idx = GetColorIndex(palette, color);
+            if(palette_idx == 0xFF)
+                palette_idx = 0;
+
+            // If this is an odd index, put the palette index in the low 4
+            // bits.  Otherwise, put it in the high 4 bits.
+            if(position & 1)
+                out.data[position/2] |= (palette_idx & 0x0F) << 0;
+            else
+                out.data[position/2] |= (palette_idx & 0x0F) << 4;
+            position++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    vector<uint8_t> get_frame_delays(const SMXPanelAnimation &animation)
+    {
+        vector<uint8_t> result;
+        size_t current_frame = 0;
+        
+        float time_left_in_frame = animation.m_iFrameDurations[0];
+        result.push_back(0);
+        while(1)
+        {
+            // Advance time by 1/FPS seconds.
+            time_left_in_frame -= 1.0f / FPS;
+            result.back()++;
+
+            if(time_left_in_frame <= 0.00001f)
+            {
+                // We've displayed this frame long enough, so advance to the next frame.
+                if(current_frame + 1 == animation.m_iFrameDurations.size())
+                    break;
+
+                current_frame += 1;
+                result.push_back(0);
+                time_left_in_frame += animation.m_iFrameDurations[current_frame];
+
+                // If time_left_in_frame is still negative, the animation is too fast.
+                if(time_left_in_frame < 0.00001)
+                    time_left_in_frame = 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // Create the master data.  This just has timing information.
+    bool CreateMasterAnimationData(SMX_LightsType type,
+        const SMXPanelAnimation &animation,
+        PanelLightGraphic::animation_timing_t &animation_timing, const char **error)
+    {
+        // Released (idle) animations use frames 0-31, and pressed animations use 32-63.
+        int first_graphic = type == SMX_LightsType_Released? 0:32;
+
+        // Check that we don't have more frames than we can fit in animation_timing.
+        // This is currently the same as the "too many frames" error below, but if
+        // we support longer delays (staying on the same graphic for multiple animation_timings)
+        // or deduping they'd be different.
+        if(animation.m_aPanelGraphics.size() > arraylen(animation_timing.frames))
+        {
+            *error = "The animation is too long.";
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        memset(&animation_timing.frames[0], 0xFF, sizeof(animation_timing.frames));
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < animation.m_aPanelGraphics.size(); ++i)
+            animation_timing.frames[i] = i + first_graphic;
+
+        // Set frame delays.
+        memset(&animation_timing.delay[0], 0, sizeof(animation_timing.delay));
+        vector<uint8_t> delays = get_frame_delays(animation);
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < delays.size() && i < 64; ++i)
+            animation_timing.delay[i] = delays[i];
+
+        // These frame numbers are relative to the animation, so don't add first_graphic.
+        animation_timing.loop_animation_frame = animation.m_iLoopFrame;
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Pack panel graphics.
+    bool CreatePanelAnimationData(PanelLightGraphic::panel_animation_data_t &panel_data,
+        int pad, SMX_LightsType type, int panel, const SMXPanelAnimation &animation, const char **error)
+    {
+        // We have a single buffer of animation frames for each panel, which we pack
+        // both the pressed and released frames into.  This is the index of the next
+        // frame.
+        size_t next_graphic_idx = type == SMX_LightsType_Released? 0:32;
+
+        // Create this animation's 4-bit palette.
+        if(!ProtocolHelpers::CreatePalette(animation, panel_data.palettes[type]))
+        {
+            *error = SMX::CreateError(SMX::ssprintf("The %s panel uses too many colors.", panel_names[panel]));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // Create a small 4-bit paletted graphic with the 4-bit palette we created.
+        // These are the graphics we'll send to the controller.
+        for(const auto &panel_graphic: animation.m_aPanelGraphics)
+        {
+            if(next_graphic_idx > arraylen(panel_data.graphics))
+            {
+                *error = "The animation has too many frames.";
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            ProtocolHelpers::CreatePackedGraphic(panel_graphic, panel_data.palettes[type], panel_data.graphics[next_graphic_idx]);
+            next_graphic_idx++;
+        }
+
+        // Apply color scaling to the palette, in the same way SMXManager::SetLights does.
+        // Do this after we've finished creating the graphic, so this is only applied to
+        // the final result and doesn't affect palettization.
+        for(PanelLightGraphic::color_t &color: panel_data.palettes[type].colors)
+        {
+            for(int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+                color.rgb[i] = uint8_t(color.rgb[i] * 0.6666f);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // Create upload packets to upload a block of data.
+    void CreateUploadPackets(vector<PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet> &packets,
+        const void *data_block, int start, int size,
+        uint8_t panel, int animation_idx)
+    {
+        const uint8_t *buf = (const uint8_t *) data_block;
+        for(int offset = 0; offset < size; )
+        {
+            PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet packet;
+            packet.panel = panel;
+            packet.animation_idx = animation_idx;
+            packet.offset = start + offset;
+
+            int bytes_left = size - offset;
+            packet.size = min(sizeof(PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet::data), static_cast<size_t>(bytes_left));
+            memcpy(packet.data, buf, packet.size);
+            packets.push_back(packet);
+
+            offset += packet.size;
+            buf += packet.size;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+namespace LightsUploadData
+{
+    vector<string> commands[2];
+}
+
+// Prepare the loaded graphics for upload.
+bool SMX_LightsUpload_PrepareUpload(int pad, SMX_LightsType type, const SMXPanelAnimation animations[9], const char **error)
+{
+    // Create master animation data.
+    PanelLightGraphic::animation_timing_t master_animation_data;
+    memset(&master_animation_data, 0xFF, sizeof(master_animation_data));
+
+    // All animations of each type have the same timing for all panels, since
+    // they come from the same GIF, so just use the first frame to generate the
+    // master data.
+    if(!ProtocolHelpers::CreateMasterAnimationData(type, animations[0], master_animation_data, error))
+        return false;
+
+    // Create panel animation data.
+    PanelLightGraphic::panel_animation_data_t all_panel_data[9];
+    memset(&all_panel_data, 0xFF, sizeof(all_panel_data));
+    for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+    {
+        if(!ProtocolHelpers::CreatePanelAnimationData(all_panel_data[panel], pad, type, panel, animations[panel], error))
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // We successfully created the data, so there's nothing else that can fail from
+    // here on.
+    //
+    // A list of the final commands we'll send:
+    vector<string> &pad_commands = LightsUploadData::commands[pad];
+    pad_commands.clear();
+
+    // Add an upload packet to pad_commands:
+    auto add_packet_command = [&pad_commands](const PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet &packet) {
+        string command((char *) &packet, sizeof(packet));
+        pad_commands.push_back(command);
+    };
+
+    // Add a command to briefly delay the master, to give panels a chance to finish writing to EEPROM.
+    auto add_delay = [&pad_commands](int milliseconds) {
+        PanelLightGraphic::delay_packet packet;
+        packet.milliseconds = milliseconds;
+
+        string command((char *) &packet, sizeof(packet));
+        pad_commands.push_back(command);
+    };
+
+    // Create the packets we'll send, grouped by panel.
+    vector<PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet> packetsPerPanel[9];
+    for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+    {
+        // Only upload the panel graphic data and the palette we're changing.  If type
+        // is 0 (SMX_LightsType_Released), we're uploading the first 32 graphics and palette
+        // 0.  If it's 1 (SMX_LightsType_Pressed), we're uploading the second 32 graphics
+        // and palette 1.
+        const auto &panel_data_block = all_panel_data[panel];
+        {
+            int first_graphic = type == SMX_LightsType_Released? 0:32;
+            const PanelLightGraphic::graphic_t *graphics = &panel_data_block.graphics[first_graphic];
+            //int offset = offsetof(PanelLightGraphic::panel_animation_data_t, graphics[first_graphic]);
+            int offset;
+            {
+                PanelLightGraphic::panel_animation_data_t tmp;
+                intptr_t start = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(&tmp);
+                intptr_t target = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(&tmp.graphics[first_graphic]);
+                offset = static_cast<int>(target-start);
+            }
+            ProtocolHelpers::CreateUploadPackets(packetsPerPanel[panel], graphics, offset, sizeof(PanelLightGraphic::graphic_t) * 32, panel, type);
+        }
+
+        {
+            const PanelLightGraphic::palette_t *palette = &panel_data_block.palettes[type];
+            //int offset = offsetof(PanelLightGraphic::panel_animation_data_t, palettes[type]);
+            int offset;
+            {
+                PanelLightGraphic::panel_animation_data_t tmp;
+                intptr_t start = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(&tmp);
+                intptr_t target = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(&tmp.palettes[type]);
+                offset = static_cast<int>(target-start);
+            }
+            ProtocolHelpers::CreateUploadPackets(packetsPerPanel[panel], palette, offset, sizeof(PanelLightGraphic::palette_t), panel, type);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // It takes 3.4ms per byte to write to EEPROM, and we need to avoid writing data
+    // to any single panel faster than that or data won't be written.  However, we're
+    // writing each data separately to each panel, so we can write data to panel 1, then
+    // immediately write to panel 2 while panel 1 is busy doing the write.  Taking advantage
+    // of this makes the upload go much faster.  Panels will miss commands while they're
+    // writing data, but we don't care if panel 1 misses a command that's writing to panel
+    // 2 that it would ignore anyway.
+    //
+    // We write the first set of packets for each panel, then explicitly delay long enough
+    // for them to finish before writing the next set of packets.  
+
+    while(1)
+    {
+        bool added_any_packets = false;
+        int max_size = 0;
+        for(int panel = 0; panel < 9; ++panel)
+        {
+            // Pull this panel's next packet.  It doesn't actually matter what order we
+            // send the packets in.
+            // Add the next packet for each panel.
+            vector<PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet> &packets = packetsPerPanel[panel];
+            if(packets.empty())
+                continue;
+
+            PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet packet = packets.back();
+            packets.pop_back();
+            add_packet_command(packet);
+            max_size = max(max_size, static_cast<int>(packet.size));
+            added_any_packets = true;
+        }
+
+        // Delay long enough for the biggest write in this burst to finish.  We do this
+        // by sending a command to the master to tell it to delay synchronously by the
+        // right amount.
+        int millisecondsToDelay = lrintf(max_size * 3.4);
+        add_delay(millisecondsToDelay);
+
+        // Stop if there were no more packets to add.
+        if(!added_any_packets)
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // Add the master data.
+    vector<PanelLightGraphic::upload_packet> masterPackets;
+    ProtocolHelpers::CreateUploadPackets(masterPackets, &master_animation_data, 0, sizeof(master_animation_data), 0xFF, type);
+    masterPackets.back().final_packet = true;
+    for(const auto &packet: masterPackets)
+        add_packet_command(packet);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+// Start sending a prepared upload.
+//
+// The commands to send to upload the data are in LightsUploadData::commands[pad].
+void SMX_LightsUpload_BeginUpload(int pad, SMX_LightsUploadCallback pCallback, void *pUser)
+{
+    shared_ptr<SMXDevice> pDevice = SMXManager::g_pSMX->GetDevice(pad);
+    vector<string> asCommands = LightsUploadData::commands[pad];
+    int iTotalCommands = static_cast<int>(asCommands.size());
+
+    // Queue all commands at once.  As each command finishes, our callback
+    // will be called.
+    for(int i = 0; i < static_cast<int>(asCommands.size()); ++i)
+    {
+        const string &sCommand = asCommands[i];
+        pDevice->SendCommand(sCommand, [i, iTotalCommands, pCallback, pUser](string response) {
+            // Command #i has finished being sent.
+            //
+            // If this isn't the last command, make sure progress isn't 100.
+            // Once we send 100%, the callback is no longer valid.
+            int progress;
+            if(i != iTotalCommands-1)
+                progress = min((i*100) / (iTotalCommands - 1), 99);
+            else
+                progress = 100;
+
+            // We're currently in the SMXManager thread.  Call the user thread from
+            // the user callback thread.
+            SMXManager::g_pSMX->RunInHelperThread([pCallback, pUser, progress]() {
+                pCallback(progress, pUser);
+            });
+        });
+    }
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de067ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXPanelAnimationUpload.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#ifndef SMXPanelAnimationUpload_h
+#define SMXPanelAnimationUpload_h
+
+#include "SMXPanelAnimation.h"
+
+// For SMX_API:
+#include "../SMX.h"
+
+// This is used to upload panel animations to the firmware.  This is
+// only needed for offline animations.  For live animations, either
+// use SMX_LightsAnimation_SetAuto, or to control lights directly
+// (recommended), use SMX_SetLights.  animations[] contains the animations
+// to load.
+//
+// Prepare the currently loaded animations to be stored on the pad.
+// Return false with an error message on error.
+//
+// All LightTypes must be loaded before beginning the upload.
+//
+// If a lights upload is already in progress, returns an error.
+SMX_API bool SMX_LightsUpload_PrepareUpload(int pad, SMX_LightsType type, const SMXPanelAnimation animations[9], const char **error);
+
+typedef void SMX_LightsUploadCallback(int progress, void *pUser);
+
+// After a successful call to SMX_LightsUpload_PrepareUpload, begin uploading data
+// to the master controller for the given pad and animation type.
+//
+// The callback will be called as the upload progresses, with progress values
+// from 0-100.
+//
+// callback will always be called exactly once with a progress value of 100.
+// Once the 100% progress is called, the callback won't be accessed, so the
+// caller can safely clean up.  This will happen even if the pad disconnects
+// partway through the upload.
+//
+// The callback will be called from the user callback helper thread.
+SMX_API void SMX_LightsUpload_BeginUpload(int pad, SMX_LightsUploadCallback callback, void *pUser);
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXThread.cpp b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXThread.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f013e55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXThread.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "SMXThread.h"
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+using namespace std;
+using namespace SMX;
+
+SMXThread::SMXThread(Mutex &lock):
+    m_Lock(lock),
+    m_Event(lock)
+{
+}
+
+void SMX::SMXThread::SetHighPriority(bool bHighPriority)
+{
+    if(m_hThread == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        throw runtime_error("SetHighPriority called while the thread isn't running");
+
+    SetThreadPriority(m_hThread, THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST);
+}
+
+bool SMX::SMXThread::IsCurrentThread() const
+{
+    return GetCurrentThreadId() == m_iThreadId;
+}
+
+void SMXThread::Start(string name)
+{
+    // Start the thread.
+    m_hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, ThreadMainStart, this, 0, &m_iThreadId);
+    SMX::SetThreadName(m_iThreadId, name);
+}
+
+void SMXThread::Shutdown()
+{
+    m_Lock.AssertNotLockedByCurrentThread();
+
+    // Shut down the thread and wait for it to exit.
+    m_bShutdown = true;
+    m_Event.Set();
+
+    WaitForSingleObject(m_hThread, INFINITE);
+    m_hThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+DWORD WINAPI SMXThread::ThreadMainStart(void *self_)
+{
+    SMXThread *self = (SMXThread *) self_;
+    self->ThreadMain();
+    return 0;
+}
diff --git a/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXThread.h b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXThread.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea672f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/stepmaniax-sdk/sdk/Windows/SMXThread.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#ifndef SMXThread_h
+#define SMXThread_h
+
+// A base class for a thread.
+#include "Helpers.h"
+#include <string>
+
+namespace SMX
+{
+
+class SMXThread
+{
+public:
+    SMXThread(SMX::Mutex &lock);
+
+    // Raise the priority of the thread.
+    void SetHighPriority(bool bHighPriority);
+
+    // Start the thread, giving it a name for debugging.
+    void Start(std::string name);
+
+    // Shut down the thread.  This function won't return until the thread
+    // has been stopped.
+    void Shutdown();
+
+    // Return true if this is the calling thread.
+    bool IsCurrentThread() const;
+
+    // The derived class implements this.
+    virtual void ThreadMain() = 0;
+
+protected:
+    static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMainStart(void *self);
+
+    SMX::Mutex &m_Lock;
+    SMX::Event m_Event;
+    bool m_bShutdown = false;
+
+private:
+    HANDLE m_hThread = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    DWORD m_iThreadId = 0;
+};
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.cpp b/external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2f6ab4b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2767 @@
+/*
+ * Slightly modified version of tinyxml2.
+ */
+
+
+/*
+Original code by Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any
+damages arising from the use of this software.
+
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
+purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
+redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
+not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
+software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
+would be appreciated but is not required.
+
+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
+must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
+distribution.
+*/
+
+#include "tinyxml2.h"
+
+#include <new>		// yes, this one new style header, is in the Android SDK.
+#if defined(ANDROID_NDK) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#   include <stddef.h>
+#   include <stdarg.h>
+#else
+#   include <cstddef>
+#   include <cstdarg>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)
+	// Microsoft Visual Studio, version 2005 and higher. Not WinCE.
+	/*int _snprintf_s(
+	   char *buffer,
+	   size_t sizeOfBuffer,
+	   size_t count,
+	   const char *format [,
+		  argument] ...
+	);*/
+	static inline int TIXML_SNPRINTF( char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ... )
+	{
+		va_list va;
+		va_start( va, format );
+		int result = vsnprintf_s( buffer, size, _TRUNCATE, format, va );
+		va_end( va );
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	static inline int TIXML_VSNPRINTF( char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, va_list va )
+	{
+		int result = vsnprintf_s( buffer, size, _TRUNCATE, format, va );
+		return result;
+	}
+
+	#define TIXML_VSCPRINTF	_vscprintf
+	#define TIXML_SSCANF	sscanf_s
+#elif defined _MSC_VER
+	// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and earlier or WinCE
+	#define TIXML_SNPRINTF	_snprintf
+	#define TIXML_VSNPRINTF _vsnprintf
+	#define TIXML_SSCANF	sscanf
+	#if (_MSC_VER < 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)
+		// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and not WinCE.
+		#define TIXML_VSCPRINTF   _vscprintf // VS2003's C runtime has this, but VC6 C runtime or WinCE SDK doesn't have.
+	#else
+		// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and earlier or WinCE.
+		static inline int TIXML_VSCPRINTF( const char* format, va_list va )
+		{
+			int len = 512;
+			for (;;) {
+				len = len*2;
+				char* str = new char[len]();
+				const int required = _vsnprintf(str, len, format, va);
+				delete[] str;
+				if ( required != -1 ) {
+					TIXMLASSERT( required >= 0 );
+					len = required;
+					break;
+				}
+			}
+			TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );
+			return len;
+		}
+	#endif
+#else
+	// GCC version 3 and higher
+	//#warning( "Using sn* functions." )
+	#define TIXML_SNPRINTF	snprintf
+	#define TIXML_VSNPRINTF	vsnprintf
+	static inline int TIXML_VSCPRINTF( const char* format, va_list va )
+	{
+		int len = vsnprintf( 0, 0, format, va );
+		TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );
+		return len;
+	}
+	#define TIXML_SSCANF   sscanf
+#endif
+
+
+static const char LINE_FEED				= (char)0x0a;			// all line endings are normalized to LF
+static const char LF = LINE_FEED;
+static const char CARRIAGE_RETURN		= (char)0x0d;			// CR gets filtered out
+static const char CR = CARRIAGE_RETURN;
+static const char SINGLE_QUOTE			= '\'';
+static const char DOUBLE_QUOTE			= '\"';
+
+// Bunch of unicode info at:
+//		http://www.unicode.org/faq/utf_bom.html
+//	ef bb bf (Microsoft "lead bytes") - designates UTF-8
+
+static const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0 = 0xefU;
+static const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1 = 0xbbU;
+static const unsigned char TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 = 0xbfU;
+
+namespace tinyxml2
+{
+
+struct Entity {
+    const char* pattern;
+    int length;
+    char value;
+};
+
+static const int NUM_ENTITIES = 5;
+static const Entity entities[NUM_ENTITIES] = {
+    { "quot", 4,	DOUBLE_QUOTE },
+    { "amp", 3,		'&'  },
+    { "apos", 4,	SINGLE_QUOTE },
+    { "lt",	2, 		'<'	 },
+    { "gt",	2,		'>'	 }
+};
+
+
+StrPair::~StrPair()
+{
+    Reset();
+}
+
+
+void StrPair::TransferTo( StrPair* other )
+{
+    if ( this == other ) {
+        return;
+    }
+    // This in effect implements the assignment operator by "moving"
+    // ownership (as in auto_ptr).
+
+    TIXMLASSERT( other != 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_flags == 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_start == 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_end == 0 );
+
+    other->Reset();
+
+    other->_flags = _flags;
+    other->_start = _start;
+    other->_end = _end;
+
+    _flags = 0;
+    _start = 0;
+    _end = 0;
+}
+
+void StrPair::Reset()
+{
+    if ( _flags & NEEDS_DELETE ) {
+        delete [] _start;
+    }
+    _flags = 0;
+    _start = 0;
+    _end = 0;
+}
+
+
+void StrPair::SetStr( const char* str, int flags )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( str );
+    Reset();
+    size_t len = strlen( str );
+    TIXMLASSERT( _start == 0 );
+    _start = new char[ len+1 ];
+    memcpy( _start, str, len+1 );
+    _end = _start + len;
+    _flags = flags | NEEDS_DELETE;
+}
+
+
+char* StrPair::ParseText( char* p, const char* endTag, int strFlags, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( p );
+    TIXMLASSERT( endTag && *endTag );
+	TIXMLASSERT(curLineNumPtr);
+
+    char* start = p;
+    char  endChar = *endTag;
+    size_t length = strlen( endTag );
+
+    // Inner loop of text parsing.
+    while ( *p ) {
+        if ( *p == endChar && strncmp( p, endTag, length ) == 0 ) {
+            Set( start, p, strFlags );
+            return p + length;
+        } else if (*p == '\n') {
+            ++(*curLineNumPtr);
+        }
+        ++p;
+        TIXMLASSERT( p );
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+char* StrPair::ParseName( char* p )
+{
+    if ( !p || !(*p) ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if ( !XMLUtil::IsNameStartChar( *p ) ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    char* const start = p;
+    ++p;
+    while ( *p && XMLUtil::IsNameChar( *p ) ) {
+        ++p;
+    }
+
+    Set( start, p, 0 );
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+void StrPair::CollapseWhitespace()
+{
+    // Adjusting _start would cause undefined behavior on delete[]
+    TIXMLASSERT( ( _flags & NEEDS_DELETE ) == 0 );
+    // Trim leading space.
+    _start = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( _start, 0 );
+
+    if ( *_start ) {
+        const char* p = _start;	// the read pointer
+        char* q = _start;	// the write pointer
+
+        while( *p ) {
+            if ( XMLUtil::IsWhiteSpace( *p )) {
+                p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, 0 );
+                if ( *p == 0 ) {
+                    break;    // don't write to q; this trims the trailing space.
+                }
+                *q = ' ';
+                ++q;
+            }
+            *q = *p;
+            ++q;
+            ++p;
+        }
+        *q = 0;
+    }
+}
+
+
+const char* StrPair::GetStr()
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( _start );
+    TIXMLASSERT( _end );
+    if ( _flags & NEEDS_FLUSH ) {
+        *_end = 0;
+        _flags ^= NEEDS_FLUSH;
+
+        if ( _flags ) {
+            const char* p = _start;	// the read pointer
+            char* q = _start;	// the write pointer
+
+            while( p < _end ) {
+                if ( (_flags & NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION) && *p == CR ) {
+                    // CR-LF pair becomes LF
+                    // CR alone becomes LF
+                    // LF-CR becomes LF
+                    if ( *(p+1) == LF ) {
+                        p += 2;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        ++p;
+                    }
+                    *q = LF;
+                    ++q;
+                }
+                else if ( (_flags & NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION) && *p == LF ) {
+                    if ( *(p+1) == CR ) {
+                        p += 2;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        ++p;
+                    }
+                    *q = LF;
+                    ++q;
+                }
+                else if ( (_flags & NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING) && *p == '&' ) {
+                    // Entities handled by tinyXML2:
+                    // - special entities in the entity table [in/out]
+                    // - numeric character reference [in]
+                    //   &#20013; or &#x4e2d;
+
+                    if ( *(p+1) == '#' ) {
+                        const int buflen = 10;
+                        char buf[buflen] = { 0 };
+                        int len = 0;
+                        char* adjusted = const_cast<char*>( XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef( p, buf, &len ) );
+                        if ( adjusted == 0 ) {
+                            *q = *p;
+                            ++p;
+                            ++q;
+                        }
+                        else {
+                            TIXMLASSERT( 0 <= len && len <= buflen );
+                            TIXMLASSERT( q + len <= adjusted );
+                            p = adjusted;
+                            memcpy( q, buf, len );
+                            q += len;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        bool entityFound = false;
+                        for( int i = 0; i < NUM_ENTITIES; ++i ) {
+                            const Entity& entity = entities[i];
+                            if ( strncmp( p + 1, entity.pattern, entity.length ) == 0
+                                    && *( p + entity.length + 1 ) == ';' ) {
+                                // Found an entity - convert.
+                                *q = entity.value;
+                                ++q;
+                                p += entity.length + 2;
+                                entityFound = true;
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if ( !entityFound ) {
+                            // fixme: treat as error?
+                            ++p;
+                            ++q;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else {
+                    *q = *p;
+                    ++p;
+                    ++q;
+                }
+            }
+            *q = 0;
+        }
+        // The loop below has plenty going on, and this
+        // is a less useful mode. Break it out.
+        if ( _flags & NEEDS_WHITESPACE_COLLAPSING ) {
+            CollapseWhitespace();
+        }
+        _flags = (_flags & NEEDS_DELETE);
+    }
+    TIXMLASSERT( _start );
+    return _start;
+}
+
+
+
+
+// --------- XMLUtil ----------- //
+
+const char* XMLUtil::writeBoolTrue  = "true";
+const char* XMLUtil::writeBoolFalse = "false";
+
+void XMLUtil::SetBoolSerialization(const char* writeTrue, const char* writeFalse)
+{
+	static const char* defTrue  = "true";
+	static const char* defFalse = "false";
+
+	writeBoolTrue = (writeTrue) ? writeTrue : defTrue;
+	writeBoolFalse = (writeFalse) ? writeFalse : defFalse;
+}
+
+
+const char* XMLUtil::ReadBOM( const char* p, bool* bom )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( p );
+    TIXMLASSERT( bom );
+    *bom = false;
+    const unsigned char* pu = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char*>(p);
+    // Check for BOM:
+    if (    *(pu+0) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0
+            && *(pu+1) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1
+            && *(pu+2) == TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2 ) {
+        *bom = true;
+        p += 3;
+    }
+    TIXMLASSERT( p );
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+void XMLUtil::ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( unsigned long input, char* output, int* length )
+{
+    const unsigned long BYTE_MASK = 0xBF;
+    const unsigned long BYTE_MARK = 0x80;
+    const unsigned long FIRST_BYTE_MARK[7] = { 0x00, 0x00, 0xC0, 0xE0, 0xF0, 0xF8, 0xFC };
+
+    if (input < 0x80) {
+        *length = 1;
+    }
+    else if ( input < 0x800 ) {
+        *length = 2;
+    }
+    else if ( input < 0x10000 ) {
+        *length = 3;
+    }
+    else if ( input < 0x200000 ) {
+        *length = 4;
+    }
+    else {
+        *length = 0;    // This code won't convert this correctly anyway.
+        return;
+    }
+
+    output += *length;
+
+    // Scary scary fall throughs.
+    switch (*length) {
+        case 4:
+            --output;
+            *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);
+            input >>= 6;
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case 3:
+            --output;
+            *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);
+            input >>= 6;
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case 2:
+            --output;
+            *output = (char)((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);
+            input >>= 6;
+            [[fallthrough]];
+        case 1:
+            --output;
+            *output = (char)(input | FIRST_BYTE_MARK[*length]);
+            break;
+        default:
+            TIXMLASSERT( false );
+    }
+}
+
+
+const char* XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef( const char* p, char* value, int* length )
+{
+    // Presume an entity, and pull it out.
+    *length = 0;
+
+    if ( *(p+1) == '#' && *(p+2) ) {
+        unsigned long ucs = 0;
+        TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( ucs ) >= 4 );
+        ptrdiff_t delta = 0;
+        unsigned mult = 1;
+        static const char SEMICOLON = ';';
+
+        if ( *(p+2) == 'x' ) {
+            // Hexadecimal.
+            const char* q = p+3;
+            if ( !(*q) ) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            q = strchr( q, SEMICOLON );
+
+            if ( !q ) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            TIXMLASSERT( *q == SEMICOLON );
+
+            delta = q-p;
+            --q;
+
+            while ( *q != 'x' ) {
+                unsigned int digit = 0;
+
+                if ( *q >= '0' && *q <= '9' ) {
+                    digit = *q - '0';
+                }
+                else if ( *q >= 'a' && *q <= 'f' ) {
+                    digit = *q - 'a' + 10;
+                }
+                else if ( *q >= 'A' && *q <= 'F' ) {
+                    digit = *q - 'A' + 10;
+                }
+                else {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                TIXMLASSERT( digit < 16 );
+                TIXMLASSERT( digit == 0 || mult <= UINT_MAX / digit );
+                const unsigned int digitScaled = mult * digit;
+                TIXMLASSERT( ucs <= ULONG_MAX - digitScaled );
+                ucs += digitScaled;
+                TIXMLASSERT( mult <= UINT_MAX / 16 );
+                mult *= 16;
+                --q;
+            }
+        }
+        else {
+            // Decimal.
+            const char* q = p+2;
+            if ( !(*q) ) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+            q = strchr( q, SEMICOLON );
+
+            if ( !q ) {
+                return 0;
+            }
+            TIXMLASSERT( *q == SEMICOLON );
+
+            delta = q-p;
+            --q;
+
+            while ( *q != '#' ) {
+                if ( *q >= '0' && *q <= '9' ) {
+                    const unsigned int digit = *q - '0';
+                    TIXMLASSERT( digit < 10 );
+                    TIXMLASSERT( digit == 0 || mult <= UINT_MAX / digit );
+                    const unsigned int digitScaled = mult * digit;
+                    TIXMLASSERT( ucs <= ULONG_MAX - digitScaled );
+                    ucs += digitScaled;
+                }
+                else {
+                    return 0;
+                }
+                TIXMLASSERT( mult <= UINT_MAX / 10 );
+                mult *= 10;
+                --q;
+            }
+        }
+        // convert the UCS to UTF-8
+        ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( ucs, value, length );
+        return p + delta + 1;
+    }
+    return p+1;
+}
+
+
+void XMLUtil::ToStr( int v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )
+{
+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%d", v );
+}
+
+
+void XMLUtil::ToStr( unsigned v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )
+{
+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%u", v );
+}
+
+
+void XMLUtil::ToStr( bool v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )
+{
+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%s", v ? writeBoolTrue : writeBoolFalse);
+}
+
+/*
+	ToStr() of a number is a very tricky topic.
+	https://github.com/leethomason/tinyxml2/issues/106
+*/
+void XMLUtil::ToStr( float v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )
+{
+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%.8g", v );
+}
+
+
+void XMLUtil::ToStr( double v, char* buffer, int bufferSize )
+{
+    TIXML_SNPRINTF( buffer, bufferSize, "%.17g", v );
+}
+
+
+void XMLUtil::ToStr(int64_t v, char* buffer, int bufferSize)
+{
+	// horrible syntax trick to make the compiler happy about %lld
+	TIXML_SNPRINTF(buffer, bufferSize, "%lld", (long long)v);
+}
+
+
+bool XMLUtil::ToInt( const char* str, int* value )
+{
+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%d", value ) == 1 ) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool XMLUtil::ToUnsigned( const char* str, unsigned *value )
+{
+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%u", value ) == 1 ) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool XMLUtil::ToBool( const char* str, bool* value )
+{
+    int ival = 0;
+    if ( ToInt( str, &ival )) {
+        *value = (ival==0) ? false : true;
+        return true;
+    }
+    if ( StringEqual( str, "true" ) ) {
+        *value = true;
+        return true;
+    }
+    else if ( StringEqual( str, "false" ) ) {
+        *value = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLUtil::ToFloat( const char* str, float* value )
+{
+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%f", value ) == 1 ) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLUtil::ToDouble( const char* str, double* value )
+{
+    if ( TIXML_SSCANF( str, "%lf", value ) == 1 ) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLUtil::ToInt64(const char* str, int64_t* value)
+{
+	long long v = 0;	// horrible syntax trick to make the compiler happy about %lld
+	if (TIXML_SSCANF(str, "%lld", &v) == 1) {
+		*value = (int64_t)v;
+		return true;
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+
+char* XMLDocument::Identify( char* p, XMLNode** node )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( node );
+    TIXMLASSERT( p );
+    char* const start = p;
+    int const startLine = _parseCurLineNum;
+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, &_parseCurLineNum );
+    if( !*p ) {
+        *node = 0;
+        TIXMLASSERT( p );
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    // These strings define the matching patterns:
+    static const char* xmlHeader		= { "<?" };
+    static const char* commentHeader	= { "<!--" };
+    static const char* cdataHeader		= { "<![CDATA[" };
+    static const char* dtdHeader		= { "<!" };
+    static const char* elementHeader	= { "<" };	// and a header for everything else; check last.
+
+    static const int xmlHeaderLen		= 2;
+    static const int commentHeaderLen	= 4;
+    static const int cdataHeaderLen		= 9;
+    static const int dtdHeaderLen		= 2;
+    static const int elementHeaderLen	= 1;
+
+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == sizeof( XMLUnknown ) );		// use same memory pool
+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == sizeof( XMLDeclaration ) );	// use same memory pool
+    XMLNode* returnNode = 0;
+    if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, xmlHeader, xmlHeaderLen ) ) {
+        returnNode = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLDeclaration>( _commentPool );
+        returnNode->_parseLineNum = _parseCurLineNum;
+        p += xmlHeaderLen;
+    }
+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, commentHeader, commentHeaderLen ) ) {
+        returnNode = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLComment>( _commentPool );
+        returnNode->_parseLineNum = _parseCurLineNum;
+        p += commentHeaderLen;
+    }
+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, cdataHeader, cdataHeaderLen ) ) {
+        XMLText* text = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLText>( _textPool );
+        returnNode = text;
+        returnNode->_parseLineNum = _parseCurLineNum;
+        p += cdataHeaderLen;
+        text->SetCData( true );
+    }
+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, dtdHeader, dtdHeaderLen ) ) {
+        returnNode = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLUnknown>( _commentPool );
+        returnNode->_parseLineNum = _parseCurLineNum;
+        p += dtdHeaderLen;
+    }
+    else if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, elementHeader, elementHeaderLen ) ) {
+        returnNode =  CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLElement>( _elementPool );
+        returnNode->_parseLineNum = _parseCurLineNum;
+        p += elementHeaderLen;
+    }
+    else {
+        returnNode = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLText>( _textPool );
+        returnNode->_parseLineNum = _parseCurLineNum; // Report line of first non-whitespace character
+        p = start;	// Back it up, all the text counts.
+        _parseCurLineNum = startLine;
+    }
+
+    TIXMLASSERT( returnNode );
+    TIXMLASSERT( p );
+    *node = returnNode;
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLDocument::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );
+    if ( visitor->VisitEnter( *this ) ) {
+        for ( const XMLNode* node=FirstChild(); node; node=node->NextSibling() ) {
+            if ( !node->Accept( visitor ) ) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return visitor->VisitExit( *this );
+}
+
+
+// --------- XMLNode ----------- //
+
+XMLNode::XMLNode( XMLDocument* doc ) :
+    _document( doc ),
+    _parent( 0 ),
+    _parseLineNum( 0 ),
+    _firstChild( 0 ), _lastChild( 0 ),
+    _prev( 0 ), _next( 0 ),
+	_userData( 0 ),
+    _memPool( 0 )
+{
+}
+
+
+XMLNode::~XMLNode()
+{
+    DeleteChildren();
+    if ( _parent ) {
+        _parent->Unlink( this );
+    }
+}
+
+const char* XMLNode::Value() const 
+{
+    // Edge case: XMLDocuments don't have a Value. Return null.
+    if ( this->ToDocument() )
+        return 0;
+    return _value.GetStr();
+}
+
+void XMLNode::SetValue( const char* str, bool staticMem )
+{
+    if ( staticMem ) {
+        _value.SetInternedStr( str );
+    }
+    else {
+        _value.SetStr( str );
+    }
+}
+
+XMLNode* XMLNode::DeepClone(XMLDocument* target) const
+{
+	XMLNode* clone = this->ShallowClone(target);
+	if (!clone) return 0;
+
+	for (const XMLNode* child = this->FirstChild(); child; child = child->NextSibling()) {
+		XMLNode* childClone = child->DeepClone(target);
+		TIXMLASSERT(childClone);
+		clone->InsertEndChild(childClone);
+	}
+	return clone;
+}
+
+void XMLNode::DeleteChildren()
+{
+    while( _firstChild ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild );
+        DeleteChild( _firstChild );
+    }
+    _firstChild = _lastChild = 0;
+}
+
+
+void XMLNode::Unlink( XMLNode* child )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( child );
+    TIXMLASSERT( child->_document == _document );
+    TIXMLASSERT( child->_parent == this );
+    if ( child == _firstChild ) {
+        _firstChild = _firstChild->_next;
+    }
+    if ( child == _lastChild ) {
+        _lastChild = _lastChild->_prev;
+    }
+
+    if ( child->_prev ) {
+        child->_prev->_next = child->_next;
+    }
+    if ( child->_next ) {
+        child->_next->_prev = child->_prev;
+    }
+	child->_next = 0;
+	child->_prev = 0;
+	child->_parent = 0;
+}
+
+
+void XMLNode::DeleteChild( XMLNode* node )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( node );
+    TIXMLASSERT( node->_document == _document );
+    TIXMLASSERT( node->_parent == this );
+    Unlink( node );
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_prev == 0);
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_next == 0);
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_parent == 0);
+    DeleteNode( node );
+}
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertEndChild( XMLNode* addThis )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( addThis );
+    if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( false );
+        return 0;
+    }
+    InsertChildPreamble( addThis );
+
+    if ( _lastChild ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild->_next == 0 );
+        _lastChild->_next = addThis;
+        addThis->_prev = _lastChild;
+        _lastChild = addThis;
+
+        addThis->_next = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild == 0 );
+        _firstChild = _lastChild = addThis;
+
+        addThis->_prev = 0;
+        addThis->_next = 0;
+    }
+    addThis->_parent = this;
+    return addThis;
+}
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertFirstChild( XMLNode* addThis )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( addThis );
+    if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( false );
+        return 0;
+    }
+    InsertChildPreamble( addThis );
+
+    if ( _firstChild ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild->_prev == 0 );
+
+        _firstChild->_prev = addThis;
+        addThis->_next = _firstChild;
+        _firstChild = addThis;
+
+        addThis->_prev = 0;
+    }
+    else {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild == 0 );
+        _firstChild = _lastChild = addThis;
+
+        addThis->_prev = 0;
+        addThis->_next = 0;
+    }
+    addThis->_parent = this;
+    return addThis;
+}
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertAfterChild( XMLNode* afterThis, XMLNode* addThis )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( addThis );
+    if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( false );
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    TIXMLASSERT( afterThis );
+
+    if ( afterThis->_parent != this ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( false );
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    if ( afterThis->_next == 0 ) {
+        // The last node or the only node.
+        return InsertEndChild( addThis );
+    }
+    InsertChildPreamble( addThis );
+    addThis->_prev = afterThis;
+    addThis->_next = afterThis->_next;
+    afterThis->_next->_prev = addThis;
+    afterThis->_next = addThis;
+    addThis->_parent = this;
+    return addThis;
+}
+
+
+
+
+const XMLElement* XMLNode::FirstChildElement( const char* name ) const
+{
+    for( const XMLNode* node = _firstChild; node; node = node->_next ) {
+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElementWithName( name );
+        if ( element ) {
+            return element;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+const XMLElement* XMLNode::LastChildElement( const char* name ) const
+{
+    for( const XMLNode* node = _lastChild; node; node = node->_prev ) {
+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElementWithName( name );
+        if ( element ) {
+            return element;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+const XMLElement* XMLNode::NextSiblingElement( const char* name ) const
+{
+    for( const XMLNode* node = _next; node; node = node->_next ) {
+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElementWithName( name );
+        if ( element ) {
+            return element;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+const XMLElement* XMLNode::PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name ) const
+{
+    for( const XMLNode* node = _prev; node; node = node->_prev ) {
+        const XMLElement* element = node->ToElementWithName( name );
+        if ( element ) {
+            return element;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+char* XMLNode::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    // This is a recursive method, but thinking about it "at the current level"
+    // it is a pretty simple flat list:
+    //		<foo/>
+    //		<!-- comment -->
+    //
+    // With a special case:
+    //		<foo>
+    //		</foo>
+    //		<!-- comment -->
+    //
+    // Where the closing element (/foo) *must* be the next thing after the opening
+    // element, and the names must match. BUT the tricky bit is that the closing
+    // element will be read by the child.
+    //
+    // 'endTag' is the end tag for this node, it is returned by a call to a child.
+    // 'parentEnd' is the end tag for the parent, which is filled in and returned.
+
+    while( p && *p ) {
+        XMLNode* node = 0;
+
+        p = _document->Identify( p, &node );
+        TIXMLASSERT( p );
+        if ( node == 0 ) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        int initialLineNum = node->_parseLineNum;
+
+        StrPair endTag;
+        p = node->ParseDeep( p, &endTag, curLineNumPtr );
+        if ( !p ) {
+            DeleteNode( node );
+            if ( !_document->Error() ) {
+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING, 0, 0, initialLineNum);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        XMLDeclaration* decl = node->ToDeclaration();
+        if ( decl ) {
+            // Declarations are only allowed at document level
+            bool wellLocated = ( ToDocument() != 0 );
+            if ( wellLocated ) {
+                // Multiple declarations are allowed but all declarations
+                // must occur before anything else
+                for ( const XMLNode* existingNode = _document->FirstChild(); existingNode; existingNode = existingNode->NextSibling() ) {
+                    if ( !existingNode->ToDeclaration() ) {
+                        wellLocated = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if ( !wellLocated ) {
+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION, decl->Value(), 0, initialLineNum);
+                DeleteNode( node );
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        XMLElement* ele = node->ToElement();
+        if ( ele ) {
+            // We read the end tag. Return it to the parent.
+            if ( ele->ClosingType() == XMLElement::CLOSING ) {
+                if ( parentEndTag ) {
+                    ele->_value.TransferTo( parentEndTag );
+                }
+                node->_memPool->SetTracked();   // created and then immediately deleted.
+                DeleteNode( node );
+                return p;
+            }
+
+            // Handle an end tag returned to this level.
+            // And handle a bunch of annoying errors.
+            bool mismatch = false;
+            if ( endTag.Empty() ) {
+                if ( ele->ClosingType() == XMLElement::OPEN ) {
+                    mismatch = true;
+                }
+            }
+            else {
+                if ( ele->ClosingType() != XMLElement::OPEN ) {
+                    mismatch = true;
+                }
+                else if ( !XMLUtil::StringEqual( endTag.GetStr(), ele->Name() ) ) {
+                    mismatch = true;
+                }
+            }
+            if ( mismatch ) {
+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_MISMATCHED_ELEMENT, ele->Name(), 0, initialLineNum);
+                DeleteNode( node );
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        InsertEndChild( node );
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+/*static*/ void XMLNode::DeleteNode( XMLNode* node )
+{
+    if ( node == 0 ) {
+        return;
+    }
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_document);
+	if (!node->ToDocument()) {
+		node->_document->MarkInUse(node);
+	}
+
+    MemPool* pool = node->_memPool;
+    node->~XMLNode();
+    pool->Free( node );
+}
+
+void XMLNode::InsertChildPreamble( XMLNode* insertThis ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( insertThis );
+    TIXMLASSERT( insertThis->_document == _document );
+
+	if (insertThis->_parent) {
+        insertThis->_parent->Unlink( insertThis );
+	}
+	else {
+		insertThis->_document->MarkInUse(insertThis);
+        insertThis->_memPool->SetTracked();
+	}
+}
+
+const XMLElement* XMLNode::ToElementWithName( const char* name ) const
+{
+    const XMLElement* element = this->ToElement();
+    if ( element == 0 ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if ( name == 0 ) {
+        return element;
+    }
+    if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( element->Name(), name ) ) {
+       return element;
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+// --------- XMLText ---------- //
+char* XMLText::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair*, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    const char* start = p;
+    if ( this->CData() ) {
+        p = _value.ParseText( p, "]]>", StrPair::NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION, curLineNumPtr );
+        if ( !p ) {
+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA, start, 0, _parseLineNum );
+        }
+        return p;
+    }
+    else {
+        int flags = _document->ProcessEntities() ? StrPair::TEXT_ELEMENT : StrPair::TEXT_ELEMENT_LEAVE_ENTITIES;
+        if ( _document->WhitespaceMode() == COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE ) {
+            flags |= StrPair::NEEDS_WHITESPACE_COLLAPSING;
+        }
+
+        p = _value.ParseText( p, "<", flags, curLineNumPtr );
+        if ( p && *p ) {
+            return p-1;
+        }
+        if ( !p ) {
+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT, start, 0, _parseLineNum );
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLText::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const
+{
+    if ( !doc ) {
+        doc = _document;
+    }
+    XMLText* text = doc->NewText( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?
+    text->SetCData( this->CData() );
+    return text;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLText::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );
+    const XMLText* text = compare->ToText();
+    return ( text && XMLUtil::StringEqual( text->Value(), Value() ) );
+}
+
+
+bool XMLText::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );
+    return visitor->Visit( *this );
+}
+
+
+// --------- XMLComment ---------- //
+
+XMLComment::XMLComment( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc )
+{
+}
+
+
+XMLComment::~XMLComment()
+{
+}
+
+
+char* XMLComment::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair*, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    // Comment parses as text.
+    const char* start = p;
+    p = _value.ParseText( p, "-->", StrPair::COMMENT, curLineNumPtr );
+    if ( p == 0 ) {
+        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT, start, 0, _parseLineNum );
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLComment::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const
+{
+    if ( !doc ) {
+        doc = _document;
+    }
+    XMLComment* comment = doc->NewComment( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?
+    return comment;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLComment::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );
+    const XMLComment* comment = compare->ToComment();
+    return ( comment && XMLUtil::StringEqual( comment->Value(), Value() ));
+}
+
+
+bool XMLComment::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );
+    return visitor->Visit( *this );
+}
+
+
+// --------- XMLDeclaration ---------- //
+
+XMLDeclaration::XMLDeclaration( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc )
+{
+}
+
+
+XMLDeclaration::~XMLDeclaration()
+{
+    //printf( "~XMLDeclaration\n" );
+}
+
+
+char* XMLDeclaration::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair*, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    // Declaration parses as text.
+    const char* start = p;
+    p = _value.ParseText( p, "?>", StrPair::NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION, curLineNumPtr );
+    if ( p == 0 ) {
+        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION, start, 0, _parseLineNum );
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLDeclaration::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const
+{
+    if ( !doc ) {
+        doc = _document;
+    }
+    XMLDeclaration* dec = doc->NewDeclaration( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?
+    return dec;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLDeclaration::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );
+    const XMLDeclaration* declaration = compare->ToDeclaration();
+    return ( declaration && XMLUtil::StringEqual( declaration->Value(), Value() ));
+}
+
+
+
+bool XMLDeclaration::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );
+    return visitor->Visit( *this );
+}
+
+// --------- XMLUnknown ---------- //
+
+XMLUnknown::XMLUnknown( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc )
+{
+}
+
+
+XMLUnknown::~XMLUnknown()
+{
+}
+
+
+char* XMLUnknown::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair*, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    // Unknown parses as text.
+    const char* start = p;
+
+    p = _value.ParseText( p, ">", StrPair::NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION, curLineNumPtr );
+    if ( !p ) {
+        _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN, start, 0, _parseLineNum );
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLUnknown::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const
+{
+    if ( !doc ) {
+        doc = _document;
+    }
+    XMLUnknown* text = doc->NewUnknown( Value() );	// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?
+    return text;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLUnknown::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );
+    const XMLUnknown* unknown = compare->ToUnknown();
+    return ( unknown && XMLUtil::StringEqual( unknown->Value(), Value() ));
+}
+
+
+bool XMLUnknown::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );
+    return visitor->Visit( *this );
+}
+
+// --------- XMLAttribute ---------- //
+
+const char* XMLAttribute::Name() const 
+{
+    return _name.GetStr();
+}
+
+const char* XMLAttribute::Value() const 
+{
+    return _value.GetStr();
+}
+
+char* XMLAttribute::ParseDeep( char* p, bool processEntities, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    // Parse using the name rules: bug fix, was using ParseText before
+    p = _name.ParseName( p );
+    if ( !p || !*p ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // Skip white space before =
+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, curLineNumPtr );
+    if ( *p != '=' ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    ++p;	// move up to opening quote
+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, curLineNumPtr );
+    if ( *p != '\"' && *p != '\'' ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    char endTag[2] = { *p, 0 };
+    ++p;	// move past opening quote
+
+    p = _value.ParseText( p, endTag, processEntities ? StrPair::ATTRIBUTE_VALUE : StrPair::ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LEAVE_ENTITIES, curLineNumPtr );
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetName( const char* n )
+{
+    _name.SetStr( n );
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryIntValue( int* value ) const
+{
+    if ( XMLUtil::ToInt( Value(), value )) {
+        return XML_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryUnsignedValue( unsigned int* value ) const
+{
+    if ( XMLUtil::ToUnsigned( Value(), value )) {
+        return XML_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryInt64Value(int64_t* value) const
+{
+	if (XMLUtil::ToInt64(Value(), value)) {
+		return XML_SUCCESS;
+	}
+	return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryBoolValue( bool* value ) const
+{
+    if ( XMLUtil::ToBool( Value(), value )) {
+        return XML_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryFloatValue( float* value ) const
+{
+    if ( XMLUtil::ToFloat( Value(), value )) {
+        return XML_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLAttribute::QueryDoubleValue( double* value ) const
+{
+    if ( XMLUtil::ToDouble( Value(), value )) {
+        return XML_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    return XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE;
+}
+
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( const char* v )
+{
+    _value.SetStr( v );
+}
+
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( int v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    _value.SetStr( buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( unsigned v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    _value.SetStr( buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute(int64_t v)
+{
+	char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+	XMLUtil::ToStr(v, buf, BUF_SIZE);
+	_value.SetStr(buf);
+}
+
+
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( bool v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    _value.SetStr( buf );
+}
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( double v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    _value.SetStr( buf );
+}
+
+void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( float v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    _value.SetStr( buf );
+}
+
+
+// --------- XMLElement ---------- //
+XMLElement::XMLElement( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc ),
+    _closingType( OPEN ),
+    _rootAttribute( 0 )
+{
+}
+
+
+XMLElement::~XMLElement()
+{
+    while( _rootAttribute ) {
+        XMLAttribute* next = _rootAttribute->_next;
+        DeleteAttribute( _rootAttribute );
+        _rootAttribute = next;
+    }
+}
+
+
+const XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindAttribute( const char* name ) const
+{
+    for( XMLAttribute* a = _rootAttribute; a; a = a->_next ) {
+        if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( a->Name(), name ) ) {
+            return a;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+const char* XMLElement::Attribute( const char* name, const char* value ) const
+{
+    const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );
+    if ( !a ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if ( !value || XMLUtil::StringEqual( a->Value(), value )) {
+        return a->Value();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int XMLElement::IntAttribute(const char* name, int defaultValue) const 
+{
+	int i = defaultValue;
+	QueryIntAttribute(name, &i);
+	return i;
+}
+
+unsigned XMLElement::UnsignedAttribute(const char* name, unsigned defaultValue) const 
+{
+	unsigned i = defaultValue;
+	QueryUnsignedAttribute(name, &i);
+	return i;
+}
+
+int64_t XMLElement::Int64Attribute(const char* name, int64_t defaultValue) const 
+{
+	int64_t i = defaultValue;
+	QueryInt64Attribute(name, &i);
+	return i;
+}
+
+bool XMLElement::BoolAttribute(const char* name, bool defaultValue) const 
+{
+	bool b = defaultValue;
+	QueryBoolAttribute(name, &b);
+	return b;
+}
+
+double XMLElement::DoubleAttribute(const char* name, double defaultValue) const 
+{
+	double d = defaultValue;
+	QueryDoubleAttribute(name, &d);
+	return d;
+}
+
+float XMLElement::FloatAttribute(const char* name, float defaultValue) const 
+{
+	float f = defaultValue;
+	QueryFloatAttribute(name, &f);
+	return f;
+}
+
+const char* XMLElement::GetText() const
+{
+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {
+        return FirstChild()->Value();
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+
+void	XMLElement::SetText( const char* inText )
+{
+	if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() )
+		FirstChild()->SetValue( inText );
+	else {
+		XMLText*	theText = GetDocument()->NewText( inText );
+		InsertFirstChild( theText );
+	}
+}
+
+
+void XMLElement::SetText( int v ) 
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    SetText( buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLElement::SetText( unsigned v ) 
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    SetText( buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLElement::SetText(int64_t v)
+{
+	char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+	XMLUtil::ToStr(v, buf, BUF_SIZE);
+	SetText(buf);
+}
+
+
+void XMLElement::SetText( bool v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    SetText( buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLElement::SetText( float v ) 
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    SetText( buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLElement::SetText( double v ) 
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    SetText( buf );
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLElement::QueryIntText( int* ival ) const
+{
+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {
+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();
+        if ( XMLUtil::ToInt( t, ival ) ) {
+            return XML_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;
+    }
+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLElement::QueryUnsignedText( unsigned* uval ) const
+{
+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {
+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();
+        if ( XMLUtil::ToUnsigned( t, uval ) ) {
+            return XML_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;
+    }
+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLElement::QueryInt64Text(int64_t* ival) const
+{
+	if (FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText()) {
+		const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();
+		if (XMLUtil::ToInt64(t, ival)) {
+			return XML_SUCCESS;
+		}
+		return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;
+	}
+	return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLElement::QueryBoolText( bool* bval ) const
+{
+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {
+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();
+        if ( XMLUtil::ToBool( t, bval ) ) {
+            return XML_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;
+    }
+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLElement::QueryDoubleText( double* dval ) const
+{
+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {
+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();
+        if ( XMLUtil::ToDouble( t, dval ) ) {
+            return XML_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;
+    }
+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLElement::QueryFloatText( float* fval ) const
+{
+    if ( FirstChild() && FirstChild()->ToText() ) {
+        const char* t = FirstChild()->Value();
+        if ( XMLUtil::ToFloat( t, fval ) ) {
+            return XML_SUCCESS;
+        }
+        return XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT;
+    }
+    return XML_NO_TEXT_NODE;
+}
+
+int XMLElement::IntText(int defaultValue) const
+{
+	int i = defaultValue;
+	QueryIntText(&i);
+	return i;
+}
+
+unsigned XMLElement::UnsignedText(unsigned defaultValue) const
+{
+	unsigned i = defaultValue;
+	QueryUnsignedText(&i);
+	return i;
+}
+
+int64_t XMLElement::Int64Text(int64_t defaultValue) const
+{
+	int64_t i = defaultValue;
+	QueryInt64Text(&i);
+	return i;
+}
+
+bool XMLElement::BoolText(bool defaultValue) const
+{
+	bool b = defaultValue;
+	QueryBoolText(&b);
+	return b;
+}
+
+double XMLElement::DoubleText(double defaultValue) const
+{
+	double d = defaultValue;
+	QueryDoubleText(&d);
+	return d;
+}
+
+float XMLElement::FloatText(float defaultValue) const
+{
+	float f = defaultValue;
+	QueryFloatText(&f);
+	return f;
+}
+
+
+XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name )
+{
+    XMLAttribute* last = 0;
+    XMLAttribute* attrib = 0;
+    for( attrib = _rootAttribute;
+            attrib;
+            last = attrib, attrib = attrib->_next ) {
+        if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( attrib->Name(), name ) ) {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if ( !attrib ) {
+        attrib = CreateAttribute();
+        TIXMLASSERT( attrib );
+        if ( last ) {
+            TIXMLASSERT( last->_next == 0 );
+            last->_next = attrib;
+        }
+        else {
+            TIXMLASSERT( _rootAttribute == 0 );
+            _rootAttribute = attrib;
+        }
+        attrib->SetName( name );
+    }
+    return attrib;
+}
+
+
+void XMLElement::DeleteAttribute( const char* name )
+{
+    XMLAttribute* prev = 0;
+    for( XMLAttribute* a=_rootAttribute; a; a=a->_next ) {
+        if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( name, a->Name() ) ) {
+            if ( prev ) {
+                prev->_next = a->_next;
+            }
+            else {
+                _rootAttribute = a->_next;
+            }
+            DeleteAttribute( a );
+            break;
+        }
+        prev = a;
+    }
+}
+
+
+char* XMLElement::ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    const char* start = p;
+    XMLAttribute* prevAttribute = 0;
+
+    // Read the attributes.
+    while( p ) {
+        p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, curLineNumPtr );
+        if ( !(*p) ) {
+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, start, Name(), _parseLineNum );
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // attribute.
+        if (XMLUtil::IsNameStartChar( *p ) ) {
+            XMLAttribute* attrib = CreateAttribute();
+            TIXMLASSERT( attrib );
+            attrib->_parseLineNum = _document->_parseCurLineNum;
+
+            int attrLineNum = attrib->_parseLineNum;
+
+            p = attrib->ParseDeep( p, _document->ProcessEntities(), curLineNumPtr );
+            if ( !p || Attribute( attrib->Name() ) ) {
+                DeleteAttribute( attrib );
+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE, start, p, attrLineNum );
+                return 0;
+            }
+            // There is a minor bug here: if the attribute in the source xml
+            // document is duplicated, it will not be detected and the
+            // attribute will be doubly added. However, tracking the 'prevAttribute'
+            // avoids re-scanning the attribute list. Preferring performance for
+            // now, may reconsider in the future.
+            if ( prevAttribute ) {
+                TIXMLASSERT( prevAttribute->_next == 0 );
+                prevAttribute->_next = attrib;
+            }
+            else {
+                TIXMLASSERT( _rootAttribute == 0 );
+                _rootAttribute = attrib;
+            }
+            prevAttribute = attrib;
+        }
+        // end of the tag
+        else if ( *p == '>' ) {
+            ++p;
+            break;
+        }
+        // end of the tag
+        else if ( *p == '/' && *(p+1) == '>' ) {
+            _closingType = CLOSED;
+            return p+2;	// done; sealed element.
+        }
+        else {
+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, start, p, _parseLineNum );
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+    return p;
+}
+
+void XMLElement::DeleteAttribute( XMLAttribute* attribute )
+{
+    if ( attribute == 0 ) {
+        return;
+    }
+    MemPool* pool = attribute->_memPool;
+    attribute->~XMLAttribute();
+    pool->Free( attribute );
+}
+
+XMLAttribute* XMLElement::CreateAttribute()
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLAttribute ) == _document->_attributePool.ItemSize() );
+    XMLAttribute* attrib = new (_document->_attributePool.Alloc() ) XMLAttribute();
+    TIXMLASSERT( attrib );
+    attrib->_memPool = &_document->_attributePool;
+    attrib->_memPool->SetTracked();
+    return attrib;
+}
+
+//
+//	<ele></ele>
+//	<ele>foo<b>bar</b></ele>
+//
+char* XMLElement::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr )
+{
+    // Read the element name.
+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, curLineNumPtr );
+
+    // The closing element is the </element> form. It is
+    // parsed just like a regular element then deleted from
+    // the DOM.
+    if ( *p == '/' ) {
+        _closingType = CLOSING;
+        ++p;
+    }
+
+    p = _value.ParseName( p );
+    if ( _value.Empty() ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    p = ParseAttributes( p, curLineNumPtr );
+    if ( !p || !*p || _closingType != OPEN ) {
+        return p;
+    }
+
+    p = XMLNode::ParseDeep( p, parentEndTag, curLineNumPtr );
+    return p;
+}
+
+
+
+XMLNode* XMLElement::ShallowClone( XMLDocument* doc ) const
+{
+    if ( !doc ) {
+        doc = _document;
+    }
+    XMLElement* element = doc->NewElement( Value() );					// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?
+    for( const XMLAttribute* a=FirstAttribute(); a; a=a->Next() ) {
+        element->SetAttribute( a->Name(), a->Value() );					// fixme: this will always allocate memory. Intern?
+    }
+    return element;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLElement::ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( compare );
+    const XMLElement* other = compare->ToElement();
+    if ( other && XMLUtil::StringEqual( other->Name(), Name() )) {
+
+        const XMLAttribute* a=FirstAttribute();
+        const XMLAttribute* b=other->FirstAttribute();
+
+        while ( a && b ) {
+            if ( !XMLUtil::StringEqual( a->Value(), b->Value() ) ) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            a = a->Next();
+            b = b->Next();
+        }
+        if ( a || b ) {
+            // different count
+            return false;
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLElement::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( visitor );
+    if ( visitor->VisitEnter( *this, _rootAttribute ) ) {
+        for ( const XMLNode* node=FirstChild(); node; node=node->NextSibling() ) {
+            if ( !node->Accept( visitor ) ) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return visitor->VisitExit( *this );
+}
+
+
+// --------- XMLDocument ----------- //
+
+// Warning: List must match 'enum XMLError'
+const char* XMLDocument::_errorNames[XML_ERROR_COUNT] = {
+    "XML_SUCCESS",
+    "XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE",
+    "XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE",
+    "XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND",
+    "XML_ERROR_FILE_COULD_NOT_BE_OPENED",
+    "XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR",
+    "UNUSED_XML_ERROR_ELEMENT_MISMATCH",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE",
+    "UNUSED_XML_ERROR_IDENTIFYING_TAG",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN",
+    "XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT",
+    "XML_ERROR_MISMATCHED_ELEMENT",
+    "XML_ERROR_PARSING",
+    "XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT",
+    "XML_NO_TEXT_NODE"
+};
+
+
+XMLDocument::XMLDocument( bool processEntities, Whitespace whitespaceMode ) :
+    XMLNode( 0 ),
+    _writeBOM( false ),
+    _processEntities( processEntities ),
+    _errorID(XML_SUCCESS),
+    _whitespaceMode( whitespaceMode ),
+    _errorLineNum( 0 ),
+    _charBuffer( 0 ),
+    _parseCurLineNum( 0 )
+{
+    // avoid VC++ C4355 warning about 'this' in initializer list (C4355 is off by default in VS2012+)
+    _document = this;
+}
+
+
+XMLDocument::~XMLDocument()
+{
+    Clear();
+}
+
+
+void XMLDocument::MarkInUse(XMLNode* node)
+{
+	TIXMLASSERT(node);
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_parent == 0);
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < _unlinked.Size(); ++i) {
+		if (node == _unlinked[i]) {
+			_unlinked.SwapRemove(i);
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void XMLDocument::Clear()
+{
+    DeleteChildren();
+	while( _unlinked.Size()) {
+		DeleteNode(_unlinked[0]);	// Will remove from _unlinked as part of delete.
+	}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    const bool hadError = Error();
+#endif
+    ClearError();
+
+    delete [] _charBuffer;
+    _charBuffer = 0;
+
+#if 0
+    _textPool.Trace( "text" );
+    _elementPool.Trace( "element" );
+    _commentPool.Trace( "comment" );
+    _attributePool.Trace( "attribute" );
+#endif
+    
+#ifdef DEBUG
+    if ( !hadError ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _elementPool.CurrentAllocs()   == _elementPool.Untracked() );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _attributePool.CurrentAllocs() == _attributePool.Untracked() );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _textPool.CurrentAllocs()      == _textPool.Untracked() );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _commentPool.CurrentAllocs()   == _commentPool.Untracked() );
+    }
+#endif
+}
+
+
+void XMLDocument::DeepCopy(XMLDocument* target)
+{
+	TIXMLASSERT(target);
+    if (target == this) {
+        return; // technically success - a no-op.
+    }
+
+	target->Clear();
+	for (const XMLNode* node = this->FirstChild(); node; node = node->NextSibling()) {
+		target->InsertEndChild(node->DeepClone(target));
+	}
+}
+
+XMLElement* XMLDocument::NewElement( const char* name )
+{
+    XMLElement* ele = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLElement>( _elementPool );
+    ele->SetName( name );
+    return ele;
+}
+
+
+XMLComment* XMLDocument::NewComment( const char* str )
+{
+    XMLComment* comment = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLComment>( _commentPool );
+    comment->SetValue( str );
+    return comment;
+}
+
+
+XMLText* XMLDocument::NewText( const char* str )
+{
+    XMLText* text = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLText>( _textPool );
+    text->SetValue( str );
+    return text;
+}
+
+
+XMLDeclaration* XMLDocument::NewDeclaration( const char* str )
+{
+    XMLDeclaration* dec = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLDeclaration>( _commentPool );
+    dec->SetValue( str ? str : "xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"" );
+    return dec;
+}
+
+
+XMLUnknown* XMLDocument::NewUnknown( const char* str )
+{
+    XMLUnknown* unk = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLUnknown>( _commentPool );
+    unk->SetValue( str );
+    return unk;
+}
+
+static FILE* callfopen( const wchar_t* filepath, const wchar_t* mode )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( filepath );
+    TIXMLASSERT( mode );
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)
+    FILE* fp = 0;
+    errno_t err = _wfopen_s( &fp, filepath, mode );
+    if ( err ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+#else
+    FILE* fp = _wfopen( filepath, mode );
+#endif
+    return fp;
+}
+
+static FILE* callfopenA( const char* filepath, const char* mode )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( filepath );
+    TIXMLASSERT( mode );
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)
+    FILE* fp = 0;
+    errno_t err = fopen_s( &fp, filepath, mode );
+    if ( err ) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+#else
+    FILE* fp = fopen( filepath, mode );
+#endif
+    return fp;
+}
+    
+void XMLDocument::DeleteNode( XMLNode* node )	{
+    TIXMLASSERT( node );
+    TIXMLASSERT(node->_document == this );
+    if (node->_parent) {
+        node->_parent->DeleteChild( node );
+    }
+    else {
+        // Isn't in the tree.
+        // Use the parent delete.
+        // Also, we need to mark it tracked: we 'know'
+        // it was never used.
+        node->_memPool->SetTracked();
+        // Call the static XMLNode version:
+        XMLNode::DeleteNode(node);
+    }
+}
+
+XMLError XMLDocument::LoadFile( const wchar_t* filename )
+{
+    Clear();
+    FILE* fp = callfopen( filename, L"rb" );
+    if ( !fp ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+    LoadFile( fp );
+    fclose( fp );
+    return _errorID;
+}
+
+XMLError XMLDocument::LoadFileA( const char* filename )
+{
+    Clear();
+    FILE* fp = callfopenA( filename, "rb" );
+    if ( !fp ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+    LoadFile( fp );
+    fclose( fp );
+    return _errorID;
+}
+
+// This is likely overengineered template art to have a check that unsigned long value incremented
+// by one still fits into size_t. If size_t type is larger than unsigned long type
+// (x86_64-w64-mingw32 target) then the check is redundant and gcc and clang emit
+// -Wtype-limits warning. This piece makes the compiler select code with a check when a check
+// is useful and code with no check when a check is redundant depending on how size_t and unsigned long
+// types sizes relate to each other.
+template
+<bool = (sizeof(unsigned long) >= sizeof(size_t))>
+struct LongFitsIntoSizeTMinusOne {
+    static bool Fits( unsigned long value )
+    {
+        return value < (size_t)-1;
+    }
+};
+
+template <>
+struct LongFitsIntoSizeTMinusOne<false> {
+    static bool Fits( unsigned long )
+    {
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+XMLError XMLDocument::LoadFile( FILE* fp )
+{
+    Clear();
+
+    fseek( fp, 0, SEEK_SET );
+    if ( fgetc( fp ) == EOF && ferror( fp ) != 0 ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+
+    fseek( fp, 0, SEEK_END );
+    const long filelength = ftell( fp );
+    fseek( fp, 0, SEEK_SET );
+    if ( filelength == -1L ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+    TIXMLASSERT( filelength >= 0 );
+
+    if ( !LongFitsIntoSizeTMinusOne<>::Fits( filelength ) ) {
+        // Cannot handle files which won't fit in buffer together with null terminator
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+
+    if ( filelength == 0 ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+
+    const size_t size = filelength;
+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == 0 );
+    _charBuffer = new char[size+1];
+    size_t read = fread( _charBuffer, 1, size, fp );
+    if ( read != size ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+
+    _charBuffer[size] = 0;
+
+    Parse();
+    return _errorID;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLDocument::SaveFile( const wchar_t* filename, bool compact )
+{
+    FILE* fp = callfopen( filename, L"w" );
+    if ( !fp ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_FILE_COULD_NOT_BE_OPENED, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+    SaveFile(fp, compact);
+    fclose( fp );
+    return _errorID;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLDocument::SaveFile( FILE* fp, bool compact )
+{
+    // Clear any error from the last save, otherwise it will get reported
+    // for *this* call.
+    ClearError();
+    XMLPrinter stream( fp, compact );
+    Print( &stream );
+    return _errorID;
+}
+
+
+XMLError XMLDocument::Parse( const char* p, size_t len )
+{
+    Clear();
+
+    if ( len == 0 || !p || !*p ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+    if ( len == (size_t)(-1) ) {
+        len = strlen( p );
+    }
+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == 0 );
+    _charBuffer = new char[ len+1 ];
+    memcpy( _charBuffer, p, len );
+    _charBuffer[len] = 0;
+
+    Parse();
+    if ( Error() ) {
+        // clean up now essentially dangling memory.
+        // and the parse fail can put objects in the
+        // pools that are dead and inaccessible.
+        DeleteChildren();
+        _elementPool.Clear();
+        _attributePool.Clear();
+        _textPool.Clear();
+        _commentPool.Clear();
+    }
+    return _errorID;
+}
+
+
+void XMLDocument::Print( XMLPrinter* streamer ) const
+{
+    if ( streamer ) {
+        Accept( streamer );
+    }
+    else {
+        XMLPrinter stdoutStreamer( stdout );
+        Accept( &stdoutStreamer );
+    }
+}
+
+
+void XMLDocument::SetError( XMLError error, const char* str1, const char* str2, int lineNum )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( error >= 0 && error < XML_ERROR_COUNT );
+    _errorID = error;
+	
+	_errorStr1.Reset();
+	_errorStr2.Reset();
+    _errorLineNum = lineNum;
+
+	if (str1)
+		_errorStr1.SetStr(str1);
+	if (str2)
+		_errorStr2.SetStr(str2);
+}
+
+/*static*/ const char* XMLDocument::ErrorIDToName(XMLError errorID)
+{
+	TIXMLASSERT( errorID >= 0 && errorID < XML_ERROR_COUNT );
+    const char* errorName = _errorNames[errorID];
+    TIXMLASSERT( errorName && errorName[0] );
+    return errorName;
+}
+
+const char* XMLDocument::ErrorName() const
+{
+    return ErrorIDToName(_errorID);
+}
+
+void XMLDocument::PrintError() const
+{
+    if ( Error() ) {
+        static const int LEN = 20;
+        char buf1[LEN] = { 0 };
+        char buf2[LEN] = { 0 };
+
+        if ( !_errorStr1.Empty() ) {
+            TIXML_SNPRINTF( buf1, LEN, "%s", _errorStr1.GetStr() );
+        }
+        if ( !_errorStr2.Empty() ) {
+            TIXML_SNPRINTF( buf2, LEN, "%s", _errorStr2.GetStr() );
+        }
+
+        // Should check INT_MIN <= _errorID && _errorId <= INT_MAX, but that
+        // causes a clang "always true" -Wtautological-constant-out-of-range-compare warning
+        TIXMLASSERT( 0 <= _errorID && XML_ERROR_COUNT - 1 <= INT_MAX );
+        printf( "XMLDocument error id=%d '%s' str1=%s str2=%s line=%d\n",
+                static_cast<int>( _errorID ), ErrorName(), buf1, buf2, _errorLineNum );
+    }
+}
+
+void XMLDocument::Parse()
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( NoChildren() ); // Clear() must have been called previously
+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer );
+    _parseCurLineNum = 1;
+    _parseLineNum = 1;
+    char* p = _charBuffer;
+    p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, &_parseCurLineNum );
+    p = const_cast<char*>( XMLUtil::ReadBOM( p, &_writeBOM ) );
+    if ( !*p ) {
+        SetError( XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT, 0, 0, 0 );
+        return;
+    }
+    ParseDeep(p, 0, &_parseCurLineNum );
+}
+
+XMLPrinter::XMLPrinter( FILE* file, bool compact, int depth ) :
+    _elementJustOpened( false ),
+    _firstElement( true ),
+    _fp( file ),
+    _depth( depth ),
+    _textDepth( -1 ),
+    _processEntities( true ),
+    _compactMode( compact )
+{
+    for( int i=0; i<ENTITY_RANGE; ++i ) {
+        _entityFlag[i] = false;
+        _restrictedEntityFlag[i] = false;
+    }
+    for( int i=0; i<NUM_ENTITIES; ++i ) {
+        const char entityValue = entities[i].value;
+        TIXMLASSERT( ((unsigned char)entityValue) < ENTITY_RANGE );
+        _entityFlag[ (unsigned char)entityValue ] = true;
+    }
+    _restrictedEntityFlag[(unsigned char)'&'] = true;
+    _restrictedEntityFlag[(unsigned char)'<'] = true;
+    _restrictedEntityFlag[(unsigned char)'>'] = true;	// not required, but consistency is nice
+    _buffer.Push( 0 );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::Print( const char* format, ... )
+{
+    va_list     va;
+    va_start( va, format );
+
+    if ( _fp ) {
+        vfprintf( _fp, format, va );
+    }
+    else {
+        const int len = TIXML_VSCPRINTF( format, va );
+        // Close out and re-start the va-args
+        va_end( va );
+        TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );
+        va_start( va, format );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _buffer.Size() > 0 && _buffer[_buffer.Size() - 1] == 0 );
+        char* p = _buffer.PushArr( len ) - 1;	// back up over the null terminator.
+		TIXML_VSNPRINTF( p, len+1, format, va );
+    }
+    va_end( va );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PrintSpace( int depth )
+{
+    for( int i=0; i<depth; ++i ) {
+        Print( "    " );
+    }
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PrintString( const char* p, bool restricted )
+{
+    // Look for runs of bytes between entities to print.
+    const char* q = p;
+
+    if ( _processEntities ) {
+        const bool* flag = restricted ? _restrictedEntityFlag : _entityFlag;
+        while ( *q ) {
+            TIXMLASSERT( p <= q );
+            // Remember, char is sometimes signed. (How many times has that bitten me?)
+            if ( *q > 0 && *q < ENTITY_RANGE ) {
+                // Check for entities. If one is found, flush
+                // the stream up until the entity, write the
+                // entity, and keep looking.
+                if ( flag[(unsigned char)(*q)] ) {
+                    while ( p < q ) {
+                        const size_t delta = q - p;
+                        // %.*s accepts type int as "precision"
+                        const int toPrint = ( INT_MAX < delta ) ? INT_MAX : (int)delta;
+                        Print( "%.*s", toPrint, p );
+                        p += toPrint;
+                    }
+                    bool entityPatternPrinted = false;
+                    for( int i=0; i<NUM_ENTITIES; ++i ) {
+                        if ( entities[i].value == *q ) {
+                            Print( "&%s;", entities[i].pattern );
+                            entityPatternPrinted = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if ( !entityPatternPrinted ) {
+                        // TIXMLASSERT( entityPatternPrinted ) causes gcc -Wunused-but-set-variable in release
+                        TIXMLASSERT( false );
+                    }
+                    ++p;
+                }
+            }
+            ++q;
+            TIXMLASSERT( p <= q );
+        }
+    }
+    // Flush the remaining string. This will be the entire
+    // string if an entity wasn't found.
+    TIXMLASSERT( p <= q );
+    if ( !_processEntities || ( p < q ) ) {
+        Print( "%s", p );
+    }
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushHeader( bool writeBOM, bool writeDec )
+{
+    if ( writeBOM ) {
+        static const unsigned char bom[] = { TIXML_UTF_LEAD_0, TIXML_UTF_LEAD_1, TIXML_UTF_LEAD_2, 0 };
+        Print( "%s", bom );
+    }
+    if ( writeDec ) {
+        PushDeclaration( "xml version=\"1.0\"" );
+    }
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::OpenElement( const char* name, bool compactMode )
+{
+    SealElementIfJustOpened();
+    _stack.Push( name );
+
+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !compactMode ) {
+        Print( "\n" );
+    }
+    if ( !compactMode ) {
+        PrintSpace( _depth );
+    }
+
+    Print( "<%s", name );
+    _elementJustOpened = true;
+    _firstElement = false;
+    ++_depth;
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, const char* value )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( _elementJustOpened );
+    Print( " %s=\"", name );
+    PrintString( value, false );
+    Print( "\"" );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, int v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushAttribute( name, buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, unsigned v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushAttribute( name, buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute(const char* name, int64_t v)
+{
+	char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+	XMLUtil::ToStr(v, buf, BUF_SIZE);
+	PushAttribute(name, buf);
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, bool v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushAttribute( name, buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushAttribute( const char* name, double v )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( v, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushAttribute( name, buf );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::CloseElement( bool compactMode )
+{
+    --_depth;
+    const char* name = _stack.Pop();
+
+    if ( _elementJustOpened ) {
+        Print( "/>" );
+    }
+    else {
+        if ( _textDepth < 0 && !compactMode) {
+            Print( "\n" );
+            PrintSpace( _depth );
+        }
+        Print( "</%s>", name );
+    }
+
+    if ( _textDepth == _depth ) {
+        _textDepth = -1;
+    }
+    if ( _depth == 0 && !compactMode) {
+        Print( "\n" );
+    }
+    _elementJustOpened = false;
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::SealElementIfJustOpened()
+{
+    if ( !_elementJustOpened ) {
+        return;
+    }
+    _elementJustOpened = false;
+    Print( ">" );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushText( const char* text, bool cdata )
+{
+    _textDepth = _depth-1;
+
+    SealElementIfJustOpened();
+    if ( cdata ) {
+        Print( "<![CDATA[%s]]>", text );
+    }
+    else {
+        PrintString( text, true );
+    }
+}
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushText( int64_t value )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushText( buf, false );
+}
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushText( int value )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushText( buf, false );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushText( unsigned value )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushText( buf, false );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushText( bool value )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushText( buf, false );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushText( float value )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushText( buf, false );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushText( double value )
+{
+    char buf[BUF_SIZE];
+    XMLUtil::ToStr( value, buf, BUF_SIZE );
+    PushText( buf, false );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushComment( const char* comment )
+{
+    SealElementIfJustOpened();
+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !_compactMode) {
+        Print( "\n" );
+        PrintSpace( _depth );
+    }
+    _firstElement = false;
+    Print( "<!--%s-->", comment );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushDeclaration( const char* value )
+{
+    SealElementIfJustOpened();
+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !_compactMode) {
+        Print( "\n" );
+        PrintSpace( _depth );
+    }
+    _firstElement = false;
+    Print( "<?%s?>", value );
+}
+
+
+void XMLPrinter::PushUnknown( const char* value )
+{
+    SealElementIfJustOpened();
+    if ( _textDepth < 0 && !_firstElement && !_compactMode) {
+        Print( "\n" );
+        PrintSpace( _depth );
+    }
+    _firstElement = false;
+    Print( "<!%s>", value );
+}
+
+
+bool XMLPrinter::VisitEnter( const XMLDocument& doc )
+{
+    _processEntities = doc.ProcessEntities();
+    if ( doc.HasBOM() ) {
+        PushHeader( true, false );
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLPrinter::VisitEnter( const XMLElement& element, const XMLAttribute* attribute )
+{
+    const XMLElement* parentElem = 0;
+    if ( element.Parent() ) {
+        parentElem = element.Parent()->ToElement();
+    }
+    const bool compactMode = parentElem ? CompactMode( *parentElem ) : _compactMode;
+    OpenElement( element.Name(), compactMode );
+    while ( attribute ) {
+        PushAttribute( attribute->Name(), attribute->Value() );
+        attribute = attribute->Next();
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLPrinter::VisitExit( const XMLElement& element )
+{
+    CloseElement( CompactMode(element) );
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLText& text )
+{
+    PushText( text.Value(), text.CData() );
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLComment& comment )
+{
+    PushComment( comment.Value() );
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLDeclaration& declaration )
+{
+    PushDeclaration( declaration.Value() );
+    return true;
+}
+
+
+bool XMLPrinter::Visit( const XMLUnknown& unknown )
+{
+    PushUnknown( unknown.Value() );
+    return true;
+}
+
+}   // namespace tinyxml2
+
diff --git a/external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h b/external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0576a3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h
@@ -0,0 +1,2267 @@
+/*
+Original code by Lee Thomason (www.grinninglizard.com)
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
+warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any
+damages arising from the use of this software.
+
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any
+purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and
+redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+
+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must
+not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this
+software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation
+would be appreciated but is not required.
+
+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and
+must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
+
+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
+distribution.
+*/
+
+#ifndef TINYXML2_INCLUDED
+#define TINYXML2_INCLUDED
+
+#if defined(ANDROID_NDK) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#   include <ctype.h>
+#   include <limits.h>
+#   include <stdio.h>
+#   include <stdlib.h>
+#   include <string.h>
+#	if defined(__PS3__)
+#		include <stddef.h>
+#	endif
+#else
+#   include <cctype>
+#   include <climits>
+#   include <cstdio>
+#   include <cstdlib>
+#   include <cstring>
+#endif
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+/*
+   TODO: intern strings instead of allocation.
+*/
+/*
+	gcc:
+        g++ -Wall -DDEBUG tinyxml2.cpp xmltest.cpp -o gccxmltest.exe
+
+    Formatting, Artistic Style:
+        AStyle.exe --style=1tbs --indent-switches --break-closing-brackets --indent-preprocessor tinyxml2.cpp tinyxml2.h
+*/
+
+#if defined( _DEBUG ) || defined (__DEBUG__)
+#   ifndef DEBUG
+#       define DEBUG
+#   endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#   pragma warning(push)
+#   pragma warning(disable: 4251)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef _WIN32
+#   ifdef TINYXML2_EXPORT
+#       define TINYXML2_LIB __declspec(dllexport)
+#   elif defined(TINYXML2_IMPORT)
+#       define TINYXML2_LIB __declspec(dllimport)
+#   else
+#       define TINYXML2_LIB
+#   endif
+#elif __GNUC__ >= 4
+#   define TINYXML2_LIB __attribute__((visibility("default")))
+#else
+#   define TINYXML2_LIB
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(DEBUG)
+#   if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#       // "(void)0," is for suppressing C4127 warning in "assert(false)", "assert(true)" and the like
+#       define TIXMLASSERT( x )           if ( !((void)0,(x))) { __debugbreak(); }
+#   elif defined (ANDROID_NDK)
+#       include <android/log.h>
+#       define TIXMLASSERT( x )           if ( !(x)) { __android_log_assert( "assert", "grinliz", "ASSERT in '%s' at %d.", __FILE__, __LINE__ ); }
+#   else
+#       include <assert.h>
+#       define TIXMLASSERT                assert
+#   endif
+#else
+#   define TIXMLASSERT( x )               {}
+#endif
+
+
+/* Versioning, past 1.0.14:
+	http://semver.org/
+*/
+static const int TIXML2_MAJOR_VERSION = 4;
+static const int TIXML2_MINOR_VERSION = 0;
+static const int TIXML2_PATCH_VERSION = 1;
+
+namespace tinyxml2
+{
+class XMLDocument;
+class XMLElement;
+class XMLAttribute;
+class XMLComment;
+class XMLText;
+class XMLDeclaration;
+class XMLUnknown;
+class XMLPrinter;
+
+/*
+	A class that wraps strings. Normally stores the start and end
+	pointers into the XML file itself, and will apply normalization
+	and entity translation if actually read. Can also store (and memory
+	manage) a traditional char[]
+*/
+class StrPair
+{
+public:
+    enum {
+        NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING			= 0x01,
+        NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION		= 0x02,
+        NEEDS_WHITESPACE_COLLAPSING     = 0x04,
+
+        TEXT_ELEMENT		            = NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING | NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,
+        TEXT_ELEMENT_LEAVE_ENTITIES		= NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,
+        ATTRIBUTE_NAME		            = 0,
+        ATTRIBUTE_VALUE		            = NEEDS_ENTITY_PROCESSING | NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,
+        ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_LEAVE_ENTITIES  = NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION,
+        COMMENT							= NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION
+    };
+
+    StrPair() : _flags( 0 ), _start( 0 ), _end( 0 ) {}
+    ~StrPair();
+
+    void Set( char* start, char* end, int flags ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( start );
+        TIXMLASSERT( end );
+        Reset();
+        _start  = start;
+        _end    = end;
+        _flags  = flags | NEEDS_FLUSH;
+    }
+
+    const char* GetStr();
+
+    bool Empty() const {
+        return _start == _end;
+    }
+
+    void SetInternedStr( const char* str ) {
+        Reset();
+        _start = const_cast<char*>(str);
+    }
+
+    void SetStr( const char* str, int flags=0 );
+
+    char* ParseText( char* in, const char* endTag, int strFlags, int* curLineNumPtr );
+    char* ParseName( char* in );
+
+    void TransferTo( StrPair* other );
+	void Reset();
+
+private:
+    void CollapseWhitespace();
+
+    enum {
+        NEEDS_FLUSH = 0x100,
+        NEEDS_DELETE = 0x200
+    };
+
+    int     _flags;
+    char*   _start;
+    char*   _end;
+
+    StrPair( const StrPair& other );	// not supported
+    void operator=( StrPair& other );	// not supported, use TransferTo()
+};
+
+
+/*
+	A dynamic array of Plain Old Data. Doesn't support constructors, etc.
+	Has a small initial memory pool, so that low or no usage will not
+	cause a call to new/delete
+*/
+template <class T, int INITIAL_SIZE>
+class DynArray
+{
+public:
+    DynArray() {
+        _mem = _pool;
+        _allocated = INITIAL_SIZE;
+        _size = 0;
+    }
+
+    ~DynArray() {
+        if ( _mem != _pool ) {
+            delete [] _mem;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Clear() {
+        _size = 0;
+    }
+
+    void Push( T t ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _size < INT_MAX );
+        EnsureCapacity( _size+1 );
+        _mem[_size] = t;
+        ++_size;
+    }
+
+    T* PushArr( int count ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( count >= 0 );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _size <= INT_MAX - count );
+        EnsureCapacity( _size+count );
+        T* ret = &_mem[_size];
+        _size += count;
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    T Pop() {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _size > 0 );
+        --_size;
+        return _mem[_size];
+    }
+
+    void PopArr( int count ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _size >= count );
+        _size -= count;
+    }
+
+    bool Empty() const					{
+        return _size == 0;
+    }
+
+    T& operator[](int i)				{
+        TIXMLASSERT( i>= 0 && i < _size );
+        return _mem[i];
+    }
+
+    const T& operator[](int i) const	{
+        TIXMLASSERT( i>= 0 && i < _size );
+        return _mem[i];
+    }
+
+    const T& PeekTop() const            {
+        TIXMLASSERT( _size > 0 );
+        return _mem[ _size - 1];
+    }
+
+    int Size() const					{
+        TIXMLASSERT( _size >= 0 );
+        return _size;
+    }
+
+    int Capacity() const				{
+        TIXMLASSERT( _allocated >= INITIAL_SIZE );
+        return _allocated;
+    }
+
+	void SwapRemove(int i) {
+		TIXMLASSERT(i >= 0 && i < _size);
+		TIXMLASSERT(_size > 0);
+		_mem[i] = _mem[_size - 1];
+		--_size;
+	}
+
+    const T* Mem() const				{
+        TIXMLASSERT( _mem );
+        return _mem;
+    }
+
+    T* Mem()							{
+        TIXMLASSERT( _mem );
+        return _mem;
+    }
+
+private:
+    DynArray( const DynArray& ); // not supported
+    void operator=( const DynArray& ); // not supported
+
+    void EnsureCapacity( int cap ) {
+        TIXMLASSERT( cap > 0 );
+        if ( cap > _allocated ) {
+            TIXMLASSERT( cap <= INT_MAX / 2 );
+            int newAllocated = cap * 2;
+            T* newMem = new T[newAllocated];
+            TIXMLASSERT( newAllocated >= _size );
+            memcpy( newMem, _mem, sizeof(T)*_size );	// warning: not using constructors, only works for PODs
+            if ( _mem != _pool ) {
+                delete [] _mem;
+            }
+            _mem = newMem;
+            _allocated = newAllocated;
+        }
+    }
+
+    T*  _mem;
+    T   _pool[INITIAL_SIZE];
+    int _allocated;		// objects allocated
+    int _size;			// number objects in use
+};
+
+
+/*
+	Parent virtual class of a pool for fast allocation
+	and deallocation of objects.
+*/
+class MemPool
+{
+public:
+    MemPool() {}
+    virtual ~MemPool() {}
+
+    virtual int ItemSize() const = 0;
+    virtual void* Alloc() = 0;
+    virtual void Free( void* ) = 0;
+    virtual void SetTracked() = 0;
+    virtual void Clear() = 0;
+};
+
+
+/*
+	Template child class to create pools of the correct type.
+*/
+template< int ITEM_SIZE >
+class MemPoolT : public MemPool
+{
+public:
+    MemPoolT() : _root(0), _currentAllocs(0), _nAllocs(0), _maxAllocs(0), _nUntracked(0)	{}
+    ~MemPoolT() {
+        Clear();
+    }
+    
+    void Clear() {
+        // Delete the blocks.
+        while( !_blockPtrs.Empty()) {
+            Block* b  = _blockPtrs.Pop();
+            delete b;
+        }
+        _root = 0;
+        _currentAllocs = 0;
+        _nAllocs = 0;
+        _maxAllocs = 0;
+        _nUntracked = 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual int ItemSize() const	{
+        return ITEM_SIZE;
+    }
+    int CurrentAllocs() const		{
+        return _currentAllocs;
+    }
+
+    virtual void* Alloc() {
+        if ( !_root ) {
+            // Need a new block.
+            Block* block = new Block();
+            _blockPtrs.Push( block );
+
+            Item* blockItems = block->items;
+            for( int i = 0; i < ITEMS_PER_BLOCK - 1; ++i ) {
+                blockItems[i].next = &(blockItems[i + 1]);
+            }
+            blockItems[ITEMS_PER_BLOCK - 1].next = 0;
+            _root = blockItems;
+        }
+        Item* const result = _root;
+        TIXMLASSERT( result != 0 );
+        _root = _root->next;
+
+        ++_currentAllocs;
+        if ( _currentAllocs > _maxAllocs ) {
+            _maxAllocs = _currentAllocs;
+        }
+        ++_nAllocs;
+        ++_nUntracked;
+        return result;
+    }
+    
+    virtual void Free( void* mem ) {
+        if ( !mem ) {
+            return;
+        }
+        --_currentAllocs;
+        Item* item = static_cast<Item*>( mem );
+#ifdef DEBUG
+        memset( item, 0xfe, sizeof( *item ) );
+#endif
+        item->next = _root;
+        _root = item;
+    }
+    void Trace( const char* name ) {
+        printf( "Mempool %s watermark=%d [%dk] current=%d size=%d nAlloc=%d blocks=%d\n",
+                name, _maxAllocs, _maxAllocs * ITEM_SIZE / 1024, _currentAllocs,
+                ITEM_SIZE, _nAllocs, _blockPtrs.Size() );
+    }
+
+    void SetTracked() {
+        --_nUntracked;
+    }
+
+    int Untracked() const {
+        return _nUntracked;
+    }
+
+	// This number is perf sensitive. 4k seems like a good tradeoff on my machine.
+	// The test file is large, 170k.
+	// Release:		VS2010 gcc(no opt)
+	//		1k:		4000
+	//		2k:		4000
+	//		4k:		3900	21000
+	//		16k:	5200
+	//		32k:	4300
+	//		64k:	4000	21000
+    // Declared public because some compilers do not accept to use ITEMS_PER_BLOCK
+    // in private part if ITEMS_PER_BLOCK is private
+    enum { ITEMS_PER_BLOCK = (4 * 1024) / ITEM_SIZE };
+
+private:
+    MemPoolT( const MemPoolT& ); // not supported
+    void operator=( const MemPoolT& ); // not supported
+
+    union Item {
+        Item*   next;
+        char    itemData[ITEM_SIZE];
+    };
+    struct Block {
+        Item items[ITEMS_PER_BLOCK];
+    };
+    DynArray< Block*, 10 > _blockPtrs;
+    Item* _root;
+
+    int _currentAllocs;
+    int _nAllocs;
+    int _maxAllocs;
+    int _nUntracked;
+};
+
+
+
+/**
+	Implements the interface to the "Visitor pattern" (see the Accept() method.)
+	If you call the Accept() method, it requires being passed a XMLVisitor
+	class to handle callbacks. For nodes that contain other nodes (Document, Element)
+	you will get called with a VisitEnter/VisitExit pair. Nodes that are always leafs
+	are simply called with Visit().
+
+	If you return 'true' from a Visit method, recursive parsing will continue. If you return
+	false, <b>no children of this node or its siblings</b> will be visited.
+
+	All flavors of Visit methods have a default implementation that returns 'true' (continue
+	visiting). You need to only override methods that are interesting to you.
+
+	Generally Accept() is called on the XMLDocument, although all nodes support visiting.
+
+	You should never change the document from a callback.
+
+	@sa XMLNode::Accept()
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLVisitor
+{
+public:
+    virtual ~XMLVisitor() {}
+
+    /// Visit a document.
+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ )			{
+        return true;
+    }
+    /// Visit a document.
+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ )			{
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// Visit an element.
+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLElement& /*element*/, const XMLAttribute* /*firstAttribute*/ )	{
+        return true;
+    }
+    /// Visit an element.
+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLElement& /*element*/ )			{
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// Visit a declaration.
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLDeclaration& /*declaration*/ )		{
+        return true;
+    }
+    /// Visit a text node.
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLText& /*text*/ )					{
+        return true;
+    }
+    /// Visit a comment node.
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLComment& /*comment*/ )				{
+        return true;
+    }
+    /// Visit an unknown node.
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLUnknown& /*unknown*/ )				{
+        return true;
+    }
+};
+
+// WARNING: must match XMLDocument::_errorNames[]
+enum XMLError {
+    XML_SUCCESS = 0,
+    XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE,
+    XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
+    XML_ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND,
+    XML_ERROR_FILE_COULD_NOT_BE_OPENED,
+    XML_ERROR_FILE_READ_ERROR,
+    UNUSED_XML_ERROR_ELEMENT_MISMATCH,	// remove at next major version
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT,
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE,
+    UNUSED_XML_ERROR_IDENTIFYING_TAG,	// remove at next major version
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT,
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_CDATA,
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT,
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION,
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING_UNKNOWN,
+    XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT,
+    XML_ERROR_MISMATCHED_ELEMENT,
+    XML_ERROR_PARSING,
+    XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT,
+    XML_NO_TEXT_NODE,
+
+	XML_ERROR_COUNT
+};
+
+
+/*
+	Utility functionality.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLUtil
+{
+public:
+    static const char* SkipWhiteSpace( const char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )	{
+        TIXMLASSERT( p );
+
+        while( IsWhiteSpace(*p) ) {
+            if (curLineNumPtr && *p == '\n') {
+                ++(*curLineNumPtr);
+            }
+            ++p;
+        }
+        TIXMLASSERT( p );
+        return p;
+    }
+    static char* SkipWhiteSpace( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )				{
+        return const_cast<char*>( SkipWhiteSpace( const_cast<const char*>(p), curLineNumPtr ) );
+    }
+
+    // Anything in the high order range of UTF-8 is assumed to not be whitespace. This isn't
+    // correct, but simple, and usually works.
+    static bool IsWhiteSpace( char p )					{
+        return !IsUTF8Continuation(p) && isspace( static_cast<unsigned char>(p) );
+    }
+    
+    inline static bool IsNameStartChar( unsigned char ch ) {
+        if ( ch >= 128 ) {
+            // This is a heuristic guess in attempt to not implement Unicode-aware isalpha()
+            return true;
+        }
+        if ( isalpha( ch ) ) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return ch == ':' || ch == '_';
+    }
+    
+    inline static bool IsNameChar( unsigned char ch ) {
+        return IsNameStartChar( ch )
+               || isdigit( ch )
+               || ch == '.'
+               || ch == '-';
+    }
+
+    inline static bool StringEqual( const char* p, const char* q, int nChar=INT_MAX )  {
+        if ( p == q ) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        TIXMLASSERT( p );
+        TIXMLASSERT( q );
+        TIXMLASSERT( nChar >= 0 );
+        return strncmp( p, q, nChar ) == 0;
+    }
+    
+    inline static bool IsUTF8Continuation( char p ) {
+        return ( p & 0x80 ) != 0;
+    }
+
+    static const char* ReadBOM( const char* p, bool* hasBOM );
+    // p is the starting location,
+    // the UTF-8 value of the entity will be placed in value, and length filled in.
+    static const char* GetCharacterRef( const char* p, char* value, int* length );
+    static void ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( unsigned long input, char* output, int* length );
+
+    // converts primitive types to strings
+    static void ToStr( int v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );
+    static void ToStr( unsigned v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );
+    static void ToStr( bool v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );
+    static void ToStr( float v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );
+    static void ToStr( double v, char* buffer, int bufferSize );
+	static void ToStr(int64_t v, char* buffer, int bufferSize);
+
+    // converts strings to primitive types
+    static bool	ToInt( const char* str, int* value );
+    static bool ToUnsigned( const char* str, unsigned* value );
+    static bool	ToBool( const char* str, bool* value );
+    static bool	ToFloat( const char* str, float* value );
+    static bool ToDouble( const char* str, double* value );
+	static bool ToInt64(const char* str, int64_t* value);
+
+	// Changes what is serialized for a boolean value.
+	// Default to "true" and "false". Shouldn't be changed
+	// unless you have a special testing or compatibility need.
+	// Be careful: static, global, & not thread safe.
+	// Be sure to set static const memory as parameters.
+	static void SetBoolSerialization(const char* writeTrue, const char* writeFalse);
+
+private:
+	static const char* writeBoolTrue;
+	static const char* writeBoolFalse;
+};
+
+
+/** XMLNode is a base class for every object that is in the
+	XML Document Object Model (DOM), except XMLAttributes.
+	Nodes have siblings, a parent, and children which can
+	be navigated. A node is always in a XMLDocument.
+	The type of a XMLNode can be queried, and it can
+	be cast to its more defined type.
+
+	A XMLDocument allocates memory for all its Nodes.
+	When the XMLDocument gets deleted, all its Nodes
+	will also be deleted.
+
+	@verbatim
+	A Document can contain:	Element	(container or leaf)
+							Comment (leaf)
+							Unknown (leaf)
+							Declaration( leaf )
+
+	An Element can contain:	Element (container or leaf)
+							Text	(leaf)
+							Attributes (not on tree)
+							Comment (leaf)
+							Unknown (leaf)
+
+	@endverbatim
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLNode
+{
+    friend class XMLDocument;
+    friend class XMLElement;
+public:
+
+    /// Get the XMLDocument that owns this XMLNode.
+    const XMLDocument* GetDocument() const	{
+        TIXMLASSERT( _document );
+        return _document;
+    }
+    /// Get the XMLDocument that owns this XMLNode.
+    XMLDocument* GetDocument()				{
+        TIXMLASSERT( _document );
+        return _document;
+    }
+
+    /// Safely cast to an Element, or null.
+    virtual XMLElement*		ToElement()		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    /// Safely cast to Text, or null.
+    virtual XMLText*		ToText()		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    /// Safely cast to a Comment, or null.
+    virtual XMLComment*		ToComment()		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    /// Safely cast to a Document, or null.
+    virtual XMLDocument*	ToDocument()	{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    /// Safely cast to a Declaration, or null.
+    virtual XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration()	{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    /// Safely cast to an Unknown, or null.
+    virtual XMLUnknown*		ToUnknown()		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    virtual const XMLElement*		ToElement() const		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLText*			ToText() const			{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLComment*		ToComment() const		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLDocument*		ToDocument() const		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration() const	{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLUnknown*		ToUnknown() const		{
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /** The meaning of 'value' changes for the specific type.
+    	@verbatim
+    	Document:	empty (NULL is returned, not an empty string)
+    	Element:	name of the element
+    	Comment:	the comment text
+    	Unknown:	the tag contents
+    	Text:		the text string
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+    const char* Value() const;
+
+    /** Set the Value of an XML node.
+    	@sa Value()
+    */
+    void SetValue( const char* val, bool staticMem=false );
+
+    /// Gets the line number the node is in, if the document was parsed from a file.
+    int GetLineNum() const { return _parseLineNum; }
+
+    /// Get the parent of this node on the DOM.
+    const XMLNode*	Parent() const			{
+        return _parent;
+    }
+
+    XMLNode* Parent()						{
+        return _parent;
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if this node has no children.
+    bool NoChildren() const					{
+        return !_firstChild;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the first child node, or null if none exists.
+    const XMLNode*  FirstChild() const		{
+        return _firstChild;
+    }
+
+    XMLNode*		FirstChild()			{
+        return _firstChild;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the first child element, or optionally the first child
+        element with the specified name.
+    */
+    const XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;
+
+    XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 )	{
+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->FirstChildElement( name ));
+    }
+
+    /// Get the last child node, or null if none exists.
+    const XMLNode*	LastChild() const						{
+        return _lastChild;
+    }
+
+    XMLNode*		LastChild()								{
+        return _lastChild;
+    }
+
+    /** Get the last child element or optionally the last child
+        element with the specified name.
+    */
+    const XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;
+
+    XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 )	{
+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->LastChildElement(name) );
+    }
+
+    /// Get the previous (left) sibling node of this node.
+    const XMLNode*	PreviousSibling() const					{
+        return _prev;
+    }
+
+    XMLNode*	PreviousSibling()							{
+        return _prev;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the previous (left) sibling element of this node, with an optionally supplied name.
+    const XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const ;
+
+    XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) {
+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) );
+    }
+
+    /// Get the next (right) sibling node of this node.
+    const XMLNode*	NextSibling() const						{
+        return _next;
+    }
+
+    XMLNode*	NextSibling()								{
+        return _next;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the next (right) sibling element of this node, with an optionally supplied name.
+    const XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;
+
+    XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )	{
+        return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->NextSiblingElement( name ) );
+    }
+
+    /**
+    	Add a child node as the last (right) child.
+		If the child node is already part of the document,
+		it is moved from its old location to the new location.
+		Returns the addThis argument or 0 if the node does not
+		belong to the same document.
+    */
+    XMLNode* InsertEndChild( XMLNode* addThis );
+
+    XMLNode* LinkEndChild( XMLNode* addThis )	{
+        return InsertEndChild( addThis );
+    }
+    /**
+    	Add a child node as the first (left) child.
+		If the child node is already part of the document,
+		it is moved from its old location to the new location.
+		Returns the addThis argument or 0 if the node does not
+		belong to the same document.
+    */
+    XMLNode* InsertFirstChild( XMLNode* addThis );
+    /**
+    	Add a node after the specified child node.
+		If the child node is already part of the document,
+		it is moved from its old location to the new location.
+		Returns the addThis argument or 0 if the afterThis node
+		is not a child of this node, or if the node does not
+		belong to the same document.
+    */
+    XMLNode* InsertAfterChild( XMLNode* afterThis, XMLNode* addThis );
+
+    /**
+    	Delete all the children of this node.
+    */
+    void DeleteChildren();
+
+    /**
+    	Delete a child of this node.
+    */
+    void DeleteChild( XMLNode* node );
+
+    /**
+    	Make a copy of this node, but not its children.
+    	You may pass in a Document pointer that will be
+    	the owner of the new Node. If the 'document' is
+    	null, then the node returned will be allocated
+    	from the current Document. (this->GetDocument())
+
+    	Note: if called on a XMLDocument, this will return null.
+    */
+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const = 0;
+
+	/**
+		Make a copy of this node and all its children.
+
+		If the 'target' is null, then the nodes will
+		be allocated in the current document. If 'target' 
+        is specified, the memory will be allocated is the 
+        specified XMLDocument.
+
+		NOTE: This is probably not the correct tool to 
+		copy a document, since XMLDocuments can have multiple
+		top level XMLNodes. You probably want to use
+        XMLDocument::DeepCopy()
+	*/
+	XMLNode* DeepClone( XMLDocument* target ) const;
+
+    /**
+    	Test if 2 nodes are the same, but don't test children.
+    	The 2 nodes do not need to be in the same Document.
+
+    	Note: if called on a XMLDocument, this will return false.
+    */
+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const = 0;
+
+    /** Accept a hierarchical visit of the nodes in the TinyXML-2 DOM. Every node in the
+    	XML tree will be conditionally visited and the host will be called back
+    	via the XMLVisitor interface.
+
+    	This is essentially a SAX interface for TinyXML-2. (Note however it doesn't re-parse
+    	the XML for the callbacks, so the performance of TinyXML-2 is unchanged by using this
+    	interface versus any other.)
+
+    	The interface has been based on ideas from:
+
+    	- http://www.saxproject.org/
+    	- http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?HierarchicalVisitorPattern
+
+    	Which are both good references for "visiting".
+
+    	An example of using Accept():
+    	@verbatim
+    	XMLPrinter printer;
+    	tinyxmlDoc.Accept( &printer );
+    	const char* xmlcstr = printer.CStr();
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const = 0;
+
+	/** 
+		Set user data into the XMLNode. TinyXML-2 in 
+		no way processes or interprets user data.
+		It is initially 0.
+	*/
+	void SetUserData(void* userData)	{ _userData = userData; }
+
+	/**
+		Get user data set into the XMLNode. TinyXML-2 in
+		no way processes or interprets user data.
+		It is initially 0.
+	*/
+	void* GetUserData() const			{ return _userData; }
+
+protected:
+    XMLNode( XMLDocument* );
+    virtual ~XMLNode();
+
+    virtual char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr);
+
+    XMLDocument*	_document;
+    XMLNode*		_parent;
+    mutable StrPair	_value;
+    int             _parseLineNum;
+
+    XMLNode*		_firstChild;
+    XMLNode*		_lastChild;
+
+    XMLNode*		_prev;
+    XMLNode*		_next;
+
+	void*			_userData;
+
+private:
+    MemPool*		_memPool;
+    void Unlink( XMLNode* child );
+    static void DeleteNode( XMLNode* node );
+    void InsertChildPreamble( XMLNode* insertThis ) const;
+    const XMLElement* ToElementWithName( const char* name ) const;
+
+    XMLNode( const XMLNode& );	// not supported
+    XMLNode& operator=( const XMLNode& );	// not supported
+};
+
+
+/** XML text.
+
+	Note that a text node can have child element nodes, for example:
+	@verbatim
+	<root>This is <b>bold</b></root>
+	@endverbatim
+
+	A text node can have 2 ways to output the next. "normal" output
+	and CDATA. It will default to the mode it was parsed from the XML file and
+	you generally want to leave it alone, but you can change the output mode with
+	SetCData() and query it with CData().
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLText : public XMLNode
+{
+    friend class XMLDocument;
+public:
+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;
+
+    virtual XMLText* ToText()			{
+        return this;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLText* ToText() const	{
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /// Declare whether this should be CDATA or standard text.
+    void SetCData( bool isCData )			{
+        _isCData = isCData;
+    }
+    /// Returns true if this is a CDATA text element.
+    bool CData() const						{
+        return _isCData;
+    }
+
+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;
+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;
+
+protected:
+    XMLText( XMLDocument* doc )	: XMLNode( doc ), _isCData( false )	{}
+    virtual ~XMLText()												{}
+
+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr );
+
+private:
+    bool _isCData;
+
+    XMLText( const XMLText& );	// not supported
+    XMLText& operator=( const XMLText& );	// not supported
+};
+
+
+/** An XML Comment. */
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLComment : public XMLNode
+{
+    friend class XMLDocument;
+public:
+    virtual XMLComment*	ToComment()					{
+        return this;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLComment* ToComment() const		{
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;
+
+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;
+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;
+
+protected:
+    XMLComment( XMLDocument* doc );
+    virtual ~XMLComment();
+
+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr);
+
+private:
+    XMLComment( const XMLComment& );	// not supported
+    XMLComment& operator=( const XMLComment& );	// not supported
+};
+
+
+/** In correct XML the declaration is the first entry in the file.
+	@verbatim
+		<?xml version="1.0" standalone="yes"?>
+	@endverbatim
+
+	TinyXML-2 will happily read or write files without a declaration,
+	however.
+
+	The text of the declaration isn't interpreted. It is parsed
+	and written as a string.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLDeclaration : public XMLNode
+{
+    friend class XMLDocument;
+public:
+    virtual XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration()					{
+        return this;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() const		{
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;
+
+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;
+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;
+
+protected:
+    XMLDeclaration( XMLDocument* doc );
+    virtual ~XMLDeclaration();
+
+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr );
+
+private:
+    XMLDeclaration( const XMLDeclaration& );	// not supported
+    XMLDeclaration& operator=( const XMLDeclaration& );	// not supported
+};
+
+
+/** Any tag that TinyXML-2 doesn't recognize is saved as an
+	unknown. It is a tag of text, but should not be modified.
+	It will be written back to the XML, unchanged, when the file
+	is saved.
+
+	DTD tags get thrown into XMLUnknowns.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLUnknown : public XMLNode
+{
+    friend class XMLDocument;
+public:
+    virtual XMLUnknown*	ToUnknown()					{
+        return this;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() const		{
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;
+
+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;
+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;
+
+protected:
+    XMLUnknown( XMLDocument* doc );
+    virtual ~XMLUnknown();
+
+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr );
+
+private:
+    XMLUnknown( const XMLUnknown& );	// not supported
+    XMLUnknown& operator=( const XMLUnknown& );	// not supported
+};
+
+
+
+/** An attribute is a name-value pair. Elements have an arbitrary
+	number of attributes, each with a unique name.
+
+	@note The attributes are not XMLNodes. You may only query the
+	Next() attribute in a list.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLAttribute
+{
+    friend class XMLElement;
+public:
+    /// The name of the attribute.
+    const char* Name() const;
+
+    /// The value of the attribute.
+    const char* Value() const;
+
+    /// Gets the line number the attribute is in, if the document was parsed from a file.
+    int GetLineNum() const { return _parseLineNum; }
+
+    /// The next attribute in the list.
+    const XMLAttribute* Next() const {
+        return _next;
+    }
+
+    /** IntValue interprets the attribute as an integer, and returns the value.
+        If the value isn't an integer, 0 will be returned. There is no error checking;
+    	use QueryIntValue() if you need error checking.
+    */
+	int	IntValue() const {
+		int i = 0;
+		QueryIntValue(&i);
+		return i;
+	}
+
+	int64_t Int64Value() const {
+		int64_t i = 0;
+		QueryInt64Value(&i);
+		return i;
+	}
+
+    /// Query as an unsigned integer. See IntValue()
+    unsigned UnsignedValue() const			{
+        unsigned i=0;
+        QueryUnsignedValue( &i );
+        return i;
+    }
+    /// Query as a boolean. See IntValue()
+    bool	 BoolValue() const				{
+        bool b=false;
+        QueryBoolValue( &b );
+        return b;
+    }
+    /// Query as a double. See IntValue()
+    double 	 DoubleValue() const			{
+        double d=0;
+        QueryDoubleValue( &d );
+        return d;
+    }
+    /// Query as a float. See IntValue()
+    float	 FloatValue() const				{
+        float f=0;
+        QueryFloatValue( &f );
+        return f;
+    }
+
+    /** QueryIntValue interprets the attribute as an integer, and returns the value
+    	in the provided parameter. The function will return XML_SUCCESS on success,
+    	and XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE if the conversion is not successful.
+    */
+    XMLError QueryIntValue( int* value ) const;
+    /// See QueryIntValue
+    XMLError QueryUnsignedValue( unsigned int* value ) const;
+	/// See QueryIntValue
+	XMLError QueryInt64Value(int64_t* value) const;
+	/// See QueryIntValue
+    XMLError QueryBoolValue( bool* value ) const;
+    /// See QueryIntValue
+    XMLError QueryDoubleValue( double* value ) const;
+    /// See QueryIntValue
+    XMLError QueryFloatValue( float* value ) const;
+
+    /// Set the attribute to a string value.
+    void SetAttribute( const char* value );
+    /// Set the attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( int value );
+    /// Set the attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( unsigned value );
+	/// Set the attribute to value.
+	void SetAttribute(int64_t value);
+	/// Set the attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( bool value );
+    /// Set the attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( double value );
+    /// Set the attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( float value );
+
+private:
+    enum { BUF_SIZE = 200 };
+
+    XMLAttribute() : _parseLineNum( 0 ), _next( 0 ), _memPool( 0 ) {}
+    virtual ~XMLAttribute()	{}
+
+    XMLAttribute( const XMLAttribute& );	// not supported
+    void operator=( const XMLAttribute& );	// not supported
+    void SetName( const char* name );
+
+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, bool processEntities, int* curLineNumPtr );
+
+    mutable StrPair _name;
+    mutable StrPair _value;
+    int             _parseLineNum;
+    XMLAttribute*   _next;
+    MemPool*        _memPool;
+};
+
+
+/** The element is a container class. It has a value, the element name,
+	and can contain other elements, text, comments, and unknowns.
+	Elements also contain an arbitrary number of attributes.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLElement : public XMLNode
+{
+    friend class XMLDocument;
+public:
+    /// Get the name of an element (which is the Value() of the node.)
+    const char* Name() const		{
+        return Value();
+    }
+    /// Set the name of the element.
+    void SetName( const char* str, bool staticMem=false )	{
+        SetValue( str, staticMem );
+    }
+
+    virtual XMLElement* ToElement()				{
+        return this;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLElement* ToElement() const {
+        return this;
+    }
+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;
+
+    /** Given an attribute name, Attribute() returns the value
+    	for the attribute of that name, or null if none
+    	exists. For example:
+
+    	@verbatim
+    	const char* value = ele->Attribute( "foo" );
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	The 'value' parameter is normally null. However, if specified,
+    	the attribute will only be returned if the 'name' and 'value'
+    	match. This allow you to write code:
+
+    	@verbatim
+    	if ( ele->Attribute( "foo", "bar" ) ) callFooIsBar();
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	rather than:
+    	@verbatim
+    	if ( ele->Attribute( "foo" ) ) {
+    		if ( strcmp( ele->Attribute( "foo" ), "bar" ) == 0 ) callFooIsBar();
+    	}
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+    const char* Attribute( const char* name, const char* value=0 ) const;
+
+    /** Given an attribute name, IntAttribute() returns the value
+    	of the attribute interpreted as an integer. The default
+        value will be returned if the attribute isn't present,
+        or if there is an error. (For a method with error
+    	checking, see QueryIntAttribute()).
+    */
+	int IntAttribute(const char* name, int defaultValue = 0) const;
+    /// See IntAttribute()
+	unsigned UnsignedAttribute(const char* name, unsigned defaultValue = 0) const;
+	/// See IntAttribute()
+	int64_t Int64Attribute(const char* name, int64_t defaultValue = 0) const;
+	/// See IntAttribute()
+	bool BoolAttribute(const char* name, bool defaultValue = false) const;
+    /// See IntAttribute()
+	double DoubleAttribute(const char* name, double defaultValue = 0) const;
+    /// See IntAttribute()
+	float FloatAttribute(const char* name, float defaultValue = 0) const;
+
+    /** Given an attribute name, QueryIntAttribute() returns
+    	XML_SUCCESS, XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE if the conversion
+    	can't be performed, or XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE if the attribute
+    	doesn't exist. If successful, the result of the conversion
+    	will be written to 'value'. If not successful, nothing will
+    	be written to 'value'. This allows you to provide default
+    	value:
+
+    	@verbatim
+    	int value = 10;
+    	QueryIntAttribute( "foo", &value );		// if "foo" isn't found, value will still be 10
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+    XMLError QueryIntAttribute( const char* name, int* value ) const				{
+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );
+        if ( !a ) {
+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
+        }
+        return a->QueryIntValue( value );
+    }
+
+	/// See QueryIntAttribute()
+    XMLError QueryUnsignedAttribute( const char* name, unsigned int* value ) const	{
+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );
+        if ( !a ) {
+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
+        }
+        return a->QueryUnsignedValue( value );
+    }
+
+	/// See QueryIntAttribute()
+	XMLError QueryInt64Attribute(const char* name, int64_t* value) const {
+		const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute(name);
+		if (!a) {
+			return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
+		}
+		return a->QueryInt64Value(value);
+	}
+
+	/// See QueryIntAttribute()
+    XMLError QueryBoolAttribute( const char* name, bool* value ) const				{
+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );
+        if ( !a ) {
+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
+        }
+        return a->QueryBoolValue( value );
+    }
+    /// See QueryIntAttribute()
+    XMLError QueryDoubleAttribute( const char* name, double* value ) const			{
+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );
+        if ( !a ) {
+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
+        }
+        return a->QueryDoubleValue( value );
+    }
+    /// See QueryIntAttribute()
+    XMLError QueryFloatAttribute( const char* name, float* value ) const			{
+        const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );
+        if ( !a ) {
+            return XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE;
+        }
+        return a->QueryFloatValue( value );
+    }
+
+	
+    /** Given an attribute name, QueryAttribute() returns
+    	XML_SUCCESS, XML_WRONG_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE if the conversion
+    	can't be performed, or XML_NO_ATTRIBUTE if the attribute
+    	doesn't exist. It is overloaded for the primitive types,
+		and is a generally more convenient replacement of
+		QueryIntAttribute() and related functions.
+		
+		If successful, the result of the conversion
+    	will be written to 'value'. If not successful, nothing will
+    	be written to 'value'. This allows you to provide default
+    	value:
+
+    	@verbatim
+    	int value = 10;
+    	QueryAttribute( "foo", &value );		// if "foo" isn't found, value will still be 10
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, int* value ) const {
+		return QueryIntAttribute( name, value );
+	}
+
+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, unsigned int* value ) const {
+		return QueryUnsignedAttribute( name, value );
+	}
+
+	int QueryAttribute(const char* name, int64_t* value) const {
+		return QueryInt64Attribute(name, value);
+	}
+
+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, bool* value ) const {
+		return QueryBoolAttribute( name, value );
+	}
+
+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, double* value ) const {
+		return QueryDoubleAttribute( name, value );
+	}
+
+	int QueryAttribute( const char* name, float* value ) const {
+		return QueryFloatAttribute( name, value );
+	}
+
+	/// Sets the named attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, const char* value )	{
+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );
+        a->SetAttribute( value );
+    }
+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, int value )			{
+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );
+        a->SetAttribute( value );
+    }
+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, unsigned value )		{
+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );
+        a->SetAttribute( value );
+    }
+
+	/// Sets the named attribute to value.
+	void SetAttribute(const char* name, int64_t value) {
+		XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute(name);
+		a->SetAttribute(value);
+	}
+
+	/// Sets the named attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, bool value )			{
+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );
+        a->SetAttribute( value );
+    }
+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, double value )		{
+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );
+        a->SetAttribute( value );
+    }
+    /// Sets the named attribute to value.
+    void SetAttribute( const char* name, float value )		{
+        XMLAttribute* a = FindOrCreateAttribute( name );
+        a->SetAttribute( value );
+    }
+
+    /**
+    	Delete an attribute.
+    */
+    void DeleteAttribute( const char* name );
+
+    /// Return the first attribute in the list.
+    const XMLAttribute* FirstAttribute() const {
+        return _rootAttribute;
+    }
+    /// Query a specific attribute in the list.
+    const XMLAttribute* FindAttribute( const char* name ) const;
+
+    /** Convenience function for easy access to the text inside an element. Although easy
+    	and concise, GetText() is limited compared to getting the XMLText child
+    	and accessing it directly.
+
+    	If the first child of 'this' is a XMLText, the GetText()
+    	returns the character string of the Text node, else null is returned.
+
+    	This is a convenient method for getting the text of simple contained text:
+    	@verbatim
+    	<foo>This is text</foo>
+    		const char* str = fooElement->GetText();
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	'str' will be a pointer to "This is text".
+
+    	Note that this function can be misleading. If the element foo was created from
+    	this XML:
+    	@verbatim
+    		<foo><b>This is text</b></foo>
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	then the value of str would be null. The first child node isn't a text node, it is
+    	another element. From this XML:
+    	@verbatim
+    		<foo>This is <b>text</b></foo>
+    	@endverbatim
+    	GetText() will return "This is ".
+    */
+    const char* GetText() const;
+
+    /** Convenience function for easy access to the text inside an element. Although easy
+    	and concise, SetText() is limited compared to creating an XMLText child
+    	and mutating it directly.
+
+    	If the first child of 'this' is a XMLText, SetText() sets its value to
+		the given string, otherwise it will create a first child that is an XMLText.
+
+    	This is a convenient method for setting the text of simple contained text:
+    	@verbatim
+    	<foo>This is text</foo>
+    		fooElement->SetText( "Hullaballoo!" );
+     	<foo>Hullaballoo!</foo>
+		@endverbatim
+
+    	Note that this function can be misleading. If the element foo was created from
+    	this XML:
+    	@verbatim
+    		<foo><b>This is text</b></foo>
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	then it will not change "This is text", but rather prefix it with a text element:
+    	@verbatim
+    		<foo>Hullaballoo!<b>This is text</b></foo>
+    	@endverbatim
+		
+		For this XML:
+    	@verbatim
+    		<foo />
+    	@endverbatim
+    	SetText() will generate
+    	@verbatim
+    		<foo>Hullaballoo!</foo>
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+	void SetText( const char* inText );
+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.
+    void SetText( int value );
+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.
+    void SetText( unsigned value );  
+	/// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.
+	void SetText(int64_t value);
+	/// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.
+    void SetText( bool value );  
+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.
+    void SetText( double value );  
+    /// Convenience method for setting text inside an element. See SetText() for important limitations.
+    void SetText( float value );  
+
+    /**
+    	Convenience method to query the value of a child text node. This is probably best
+    	shown by example. Given you have a document is this form:
+    	@verbatim
+    		<point>
+    			<x>1</x>
+    			<y>1.4</y>
+    		</point>
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	The QueryIntText() and similar functions provide a safe and easier way to get to the
+    	"value" of x and y.
+
+    	@verbatim
+    		int x = 0;
+    		float y = 0;	// types of x and y are contrived for example
+    		const XMLElement* xElement = pointElement->FirstChildElement( "x" );
+    		const XMLElement* yElement = pointElement->FirstChildElement( "y" );
+    		xElement->QueryIntText( &x );
+    		yElement->QueryFloatText( &y );
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	@returns XML_SUCCESS (0) on success, XML_CAN_NOT_CONVERT_TEXT if the text cannot be converted
+    			 to the requested type, and XML_NO_TEXT_NODE if there is no child text to query.
+
+    */
+    XMLError QueryIntText( int* ival ) const;
+    /// See QueryIntText()
+    XMLError QueryUnsignedText( unsigned* uval ) const;
+	/// See QueryIntText()
+	XMLError QueryInt64Text(int64_t* uval) const;
+	/// See QueryIntText()
+    XMLError QueryBoolText( bool* bval ) const;
+    /// See QueryIntText()
+    XMLError QueryDoubleText( double* dval ) const;
+    /// See QueryIntText()
+    XMLError QueryFloatText( float* fval ) const;
+
+	int IntText(int defaultValue = 0) const;
+
+	/// See QueryIntText()
+	unsigned UnsignedText(unsigned defaultValue = 0) const;
+	/// See QueryIntText()
+	int64_t Int64Text(int64_t defaultValue = 0) const;
+	/// See QueryIntText()
+	bool BoolText(bool defaultValue = false) const;
+	/// See QueryIntText()
+	double DoubleText(double defaultValue = 0) const;
+	/// See QueryIntText()
+	float FloatText(float defaultValue = 0) const;
+
+    // internal:
+    enum ElementClosingType {
+        OPEN,		// <foo>
+        CLOSED,		// <foo/>
+        CLOSING		// </foo>
+    };
+    ElementClosingType ClosingType() const {
+        return _closingType;
+    }
+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* document ) const;
+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* compare ) const;
+
+protected:
+    char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr );
+
+private:
+    XMLElement( XMLDocument* doc );
+    virtual ~XMLElement();
+    XMLElement( const XMLElement& );	// not supported
+    void operator=( const XMLElement& );	// not supported
+
+    XMLAttribute* FindAttribute( const char* name ) {
+        return const_cast<XMLAttribute*>(const_cast<const XMLElement*>(this)->FindAttribute( name ));
+    }
+    XMLAttribute* FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name );
+    //void LinkAttribute( XMLAttribute* attrib );
+    char* ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr );
+    static void DeleteAttribute( XMLAttribute* attribute );
+    XMLAttribute* CreateAttribute();
+
+    enum { BUF_SIZE = 200 };
+    ElementClosingType _closingType;
+    // The attribute list is ordered; there is no 'lastAttribute'
+    // because the list needs to be scanned for dupes before adding
+    // a new attribute.
+    XMLAttribute* _rootAttribute;
+};
+
+
+enum Whitespace {
+    PRESERVE_WHITESPACE,
+    COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE
+};
+
+
+/** A Document binds together all the functionality.
+	It can be saved, loaded, and printed to the screen.
+	All Nodes are connected and allocated to a Document.
+	If the Document is deleted, all its Nodes are also deleted.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLDocument : public XMLNode
+{
+    friend class XMLElement;
+public:
+    /// constructor
+    XMLDocument( bool processEntities = true, Whitespace whitespaceMode = PRESERVE_WHITESPACE );
+    ~XMLDocument();
+
+    virtual XMLDocument* ToDocument()				{
+        TIXMLASSERT( this == _document );
+        return this;
+    }
+    virtual const XMLDocument* ToDocument() const	{
+        TIXMLASSERT( this == _document );
+        return this;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    	Parse an XML file from a character string.
+    	Returns XML_SUCCESS (0) on success, or
+    	an errorID.
+
+    	You may optionally pass in the 'nBytes', which is
+    	the number of bytes which will be parsed. If not
+    	specified, TinyXML-2 will assume 'xml' points to a
+    	null terminated string.
+    */
+    XMLError Parse( const char* xml, size_t nBytes=(size_t)(-1) );
+
+    /**
+    	Load an XML file from disk.
+    	Returns XML_SUCCESS (0) on success, or
+    	an errorID.
+    */
+    XMLError LoadFile( const wchar_t* filename );
+    XMLError LoadFileA( const char* filename );
+
+    /**
+    	Load an XML file from disk. You are responsible
+    	for providing and closing the FILE*. 
+     
+        NOTE: The file should be opened as binary ("rb")
+        not text in order for TinyXML-2 to correctly
+        do newline normalization.
+
+    	Returns XML_SUCCESS (0) on success, or
+    	an errorID.
+    */
+    XMLError LoadFile( FILE* );
+
+    /**
+    	Save the XML file to disk.
+    	Returns XML_SUCCESS (0) on success, or
+    	an errorID.
+    */
+    XMLError SaveFile( const wchar_t* filename, bool compact = false );
+
+    /**
+    	Save the XML file to disk. You are responsible
+    	for providing and closing the FILE*.
+
+    	Returns XML_SUCCESS (0) on success, or
+    	an errorID.
+    */
+    XMLError SaveFile( FILE* fp, bool compact = false );
+
+    bool ProcessEntities() const		{
+        return _processEntities;
+    }
+    Whitespace WhitespaceMode() const	{
+        return _whitespaceMode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+    	Returns true if this document has a leading Byte Order Mark of UTF8.
+    */
+    bool HasBOM() const {
+        return _writeBOM;
+    }
+    /** Sets whether to write the BOM when writing the file.
+    */
+    void SetBOM( bool useBOM ) {
+        _writeBOM = useBOM;
+    }
+
+    /** Return the root element of DOM. Equivalent to FirstChildElement().
+        To get the first node, use FirstChild().
+    */
+    XMLElement* RootElement()				{
+        return FirstChildElement();
+    }
+    const XMLElement* RootElement() const	{
+        return FirstChildElement();
+    }
+
+    /** Print the Document. If the Printer is not provided, it will
+        print to stdout. If you provide Printer, this can print to a file:
+    	@verbatim
+    	XMLPrinter printer( fp );
+    	doc.Print( &printer );
+    	@endverbatim
+
+    	Or you can use a printer to print to memory:
+    	@verbatim
+    	XMLPrinter printer;
+    	doc.Print( &printer );
+    	// printer.CStr() has a const char* to the XML
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+    void Print( XMLPrinter* streamer=0 ) const;
+    virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const;
+
+    /**
+    	Create a new Element associated with
+    	this Document. The memory for the Element
+    	is managed by the Document.
+    */
+    XMLElement* NewElement( const char* name );
+    /**
+    	Create a new Comment associated with
+    	this Document. The memory for the Comment
+    	is managed by the Document.
+    */
+    XMLComment* NewComment( const char* comment );
+    /**
+    	Create a new Text associated with
+    	this Document. The memory for the Text
+    	is managed by the Document.
+    */
+    XMLText* NewText( const char* text );
+    /**
+    	Create a new Declaration associated with
+    	this Document. The memory for the object
+    	is managed by the Document.
+
+    	If the 'text' param is null, the standard
+    	declaration is used.:
+    	@verbatim
+    		<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+    	@endverbatim
+    */
+    XMLDeclaration* NewDeclaration( const char* text=0 );
+    /**
+    	Create a new Unknown associated with
+    	this Document. The memory for the object
+    	is managed by the Document.
+    */
+    XMLUnknown* NewUnknown( const char* text );
+
+    /**
+    	Delete a node associated with this document.
+    	It will be unlinked from the DOM.
+    */
+    void DeleteNode( XMLNode* node );
+
+    void SetError( XMLError error, const char* str1, const char* str2, int lineNum );
+
+    void ClearError() {
+        SetError(XML_SUCCESS, 0, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    /// Return true if there was an error parsing the document.
+    bool Error() const {
+        return _errorID != XML_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    /// Return the errorID.
+    XMLError  ErrorID() const {
+        return _errorID;
+    }
+	const char* ErrorName() const;
+    static const char* ErrorIDToName(XMLError errorID);
+
+    /// Return a possibly helpful diagnostic location or string.
+    const char* GetErrorStr1() const {
+        return _errorStr1.GetStr();
+    }
+    /// Return a possibly helpful secondary diagnostic location or string.
+    const char* GetErrorStr2() const {
+        return _errorStr2.GetStr();
+    }
+    /// Return the line where the error occured, or zero if unknown.
+    int GetErrorLineNum() const
+    {
+        return _errorLineNum;
+    }
+    /// If there is an error, print it to stdout.
+    void PrintError() const;
+    
+    /// Clear the document, resetting it to the initial state.
+    void Clear();
+
+	/**
+		Copies this document to a target document.
+		The target will be completely cleared before the copy.
+		If you want to copy a sub-tree, see XMLNode::DeepClone().
+
+		NOTE: that the 'target' must be non-null.
+	*/
+	void DeepCopy(XMLDocument* target);
+
+	// internal
+    char* Identify( char* p, XMLNode** node );
+
+	// internal
+	void MarkInUse(XMLNode*);
+
+    virtual XMLNode* ShallowClone( XMLDocument* /*document*/ ) const	{
+        return 0;
+    }
+    virtual bool ShallowEqual( const XMLNode* /*compare*/ ) const	{
+        return false;
+    }
+
+private:
+    XMLDocument( const XMLDocument& );	// not supported
+    void operator=( const XMLDocument& );	// not supported
+
+    bool			_writeBOM;
+    bool			_processEntities;
+    XMLError		_errorID;
+    Whitespace		_whitespaceMode;
+    mutable StrPair	_errorStr1;
+    mutable StrPair	_errorStr2;
+    int             _errorLineNum;
+    char*			_charBuffer;
+    int				_parseCurLineNum;
+	// Memory tracking does add some overhead.
+	// However, the code assumes that you don't
+	// have a bunch of unlinked nodes around.
+	// Therefore it takes less memory to track
+	// in the document vs. a linked list in the XMLNode,
+	// and the performance is the same.
+	DynArray<XMLNode*, 10> _unlinked;
+
+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLElement) >	 _elementPool;
+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLAttribute) > _attributePool;
+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLText) >		 _textPool;
+    MemPoolT< sizeof(XMLComment) >	 _commentPool;
+
+	static const char* _errorNames[XML_ERROR_COUNT];
+
+    void Parse();
+
+    template<class NodeType, int PoolElementSize>
+    NodeType* CreateUnlinkedNode( MemPoolT<PoolElementSize>& pool );
+};
+
+template<class NodeType, int PoolElementSize>
+inline NodeType* XMLDocument::CreateUnlinkedNode( MemPoolT<PoolElementSize>& pool )
+{
+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( NodeType ) == PoolElementSize );
+    TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( NodeType ) == pool.ItemSize() );
+    NodeType* returnNode = new (pool.Alloc()) NodeType( this );
+    TIXMLASSERT( returnNode );
+    returnNode->_memPool = &pool;
+
+	_unlinked.Push(returnNode);
+    return returnNode;
+}
+
+/**
+	A XMLHandle is a class that wraps a node pointer with null checks; this is
+	an incredibly useful thing. Note that XMLHandle is not part of the TinyXML-2
+	DOM structure. It is a separate utility class.
+
+	Take an example:
+	@verbatim
+	<Document>
+		<Element attributeA = "valueA">
+			<Child attributeB = "value1" />
+			<Child attributeB = "value2" />
+		</Element>
+	</Document>
+	@endverbatim
+
+	Assuming you want the value of "attributeB" in the 2nd "Child" element, it's very
+	easy to write a *lot* of code that looks like:
+
+	@verbatim
+	XMLElement* root = document.FirstChildElement( "Document" );
+	if ( root )
+	{
+		XMLElement* element = root->FirstChildElement( "Element" );
+		if ( element )
+		{
+			XMLElement* child = element->FirstChildElement( "Child" );
+			if ( child )
+			{
+				XMLElement* child2 = child->NextSiblingElement( "Child" );
+				if ( child2 )
+				{
+					// Finally do something useful.
+	@endverbatim
+
+	And that doesn't even cover "else" cases. XMLHandle addresses the verbosity
+	of such code. A XMLHandle checks for null pointers so it is perfectly safe
+	and correct to use:
+
+	@verbatim
+	XMLHandle docHandle( &document );
+	XMLElement* child2 = docHandle.FirstChildElement( "Document" ).FirstChildElement( "Element" ).FirstChildElement().NextSiblingElement();
+	if ( child2 )
+	{
+		// do something useful
+	@endverbatim
+
+	Which is MUCH more concise and useful.
+
+	It is also safe to copy handles - internally they are nothing more than node pointers.
+	@verbatim
+	XMLHandle handleCopy = handle;
+	@endverbatim
+
+	See also XMLConstHandle, which is the same as XMLHandle, but operates on const objects.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLHandle
+{
+public:
+    /// Create a handle from any node (at any depth of the tree.) This can be a null pointer.
+    XMLHandle( XMLNode* node )												{
+        _node = node;
+    }
+    /// Create a handle from a node.
+    XMLHandle( XMLNode& node )												{
+        _node = &node;
+    }
+    /// Copy constructor
+    XMLHandle( const XMLHandle& ref )										{
+        _node = ref._node;
+    }
+    /// Assignment
+    XMLHandle& operator=( const XMLHandle& ref )							{
+        _node = ref._node;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    /// Get the first child of this handle.
+    XMLHandle FirstChild() 													{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Get the first child element of this handle.
+    XMLHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 )						{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Get the last child of this handle.
+    XMLHandle LastChild()													{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Get the last child element of this handle.
+    XMLHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 )						{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Get the previous sibling of this handle.
+    XMLHandle PreviousSibling()												{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Get the previous sibling element of this handle.
+    XMLHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )				{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Get the next sibling of this handle.
+    XMLHandle NextSibling()													{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Get the next sibling element of this handle.
+    XMLHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )					{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+
+    /// Safe cast to XMLNode. This can return null.
+    XMLNode* ToNode()							{
+        return _node;
+    }
+    /// Safe cast to XMLElement. This can return null.
+    XMLElement* ToElement() 					{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToElement() : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Safe cast to XMLText. This can return null.
+    XMLText* ToText() 							{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToText() : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Safe cast to XMLUnknown. This can return null.
+    XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() 					{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToUnknown() : 0 );
+    }
+    /// Safe cast to XMLDeclaration. This can return null.
+    XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() 			{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToDeclaration() : 0 );
+    }
+
+private:
+    XMLNode* _node;
+};
+
+
+/**
+	A variant of the XMLHandle class for working with const XMLNodes and Documents. It is the
+	same in all regards, except for the 'const' qualifiers. See XMLHandle for API.
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLConstHandle
+{
+public:
+    XMLConstHandle( const XMLNode* node )											{
+        _node = node;
+    }
+    XMLConstHandle( const XMLNode& node )											{
+        _node = &node;
+    }
+    XMLConstHandle( const XMLConstHandle& ref )										{
+        _node = ref._node;
+    }
+
+    XMLConstHandle& operator=( const XMLConstHandle& ref )							{
+        _node = ref._node;
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    const XMLConstHandle FirstChild() const											{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLConstHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const				{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLConstHandle LastChild()	const										{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLConstHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const				{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLConstHandle PreviousSibling() const									{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLConstHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const		{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLConstHandle NextSibling() const										{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLConstHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const			{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    }
+
+
+    const XMLNode* ToNode() const				{
+        return _node;
+    }
+    const XMLElement* ToElement() const			{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToElement() : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLText* ToText() const				{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToText() : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() const			{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToUnknown() : 0 );
+    }
+    const XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() const	{
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToDeclaration() : 0 );
+    }
+
+private:
+    const XMLNode* _node;
+};
+
+
+/**
+	Printing functionality. The XMLPrinter gives you more
+	options than the XMLDocument::Print() method.
+
+	It can:
+	-# Print to memory.
+	-# Print to a file you provide.
+	-# Print XML without a XMLDocument.
+
+	Print to Memory
+
+	@verbatim
+	XMLPrinter printer;
+	doc.Print( &printer );
+	SomeFunction( printer.CStr() );
+	@endverbatim
+
+	Print to a File
+
+	You provide the file pointer.
+	@verbatim
+	XMLPrinter printer( fp );
+	doc.Print( &printer );
+	@endverbatim
+
+	Print without a XMLDocument
+
+	When loading, an XML parser is very useful. However, sometimes
+	when saving, it just gets in the way. The code is often set up
+	for streaming, and constructing the DOM is just overhead.
+
+	The Printer supports the streaming case. The following code
+	prints out a trivially simple XML file without ever creating
+	an XML document.
+
+	@verbatim
+	XMLPrinter printer( fp );
+	printer.OpenElement( "foo" );
+	printer.PushAttribute( "foo", "bar" );
+	printer.CloseElement();
+	@endverbatim
+*/
+class TINYXML2_LIB XMLPrinter : public XMLVisitor
+{
+public:
+    /** Construct the printer. If the FILE* is specified,
+    	this will print to the FILE. Else it will print
+    	to memory, and the result is available in CStr().
+    	If 'compact' is set to true, then output is created
+    	with only required whitespace and newlines.
+    */
+    XMLPrinter( FILE* file=0, bool compact = false, int depth = 0 );
+    virtual ~XMLPrinter()	{}
+
+    /** If streaming, write the BOM and declaration. */
+    void PushHeader( bool writeBOM, bool writeDeclaration );
+    /** If streaming, start writing an element.
+        The element must be closed with CloseElement()
+    */
+    void OpenElement( const char* name, bool compactMode=false );
+    /// If streaming, add an attribute to an open element.
+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, const char* value );
+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, int value );
+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, unsigned value );
+	void PushAttribute(const char* name, int64_t value);
+	void PushAttribute( const char* name, bool value );
+    void PushAttribute( const char* name, double value );
+    /// If streaming, close the Element.
+    virtual void CloseElement( bool compactMode=false );
+
+    /// Add a text node.
+    void PushText( const char* text, bool cdata=false );
+    /// Add a text node from an integer.
+    void PushText( int value );
+    /// Add a text node from an unsigned.
+    void PushText( unsigned value );
+	/// Add a text node from an unsigned.
+	void PushText(int64_t value);
+	/// Add a text node from a bool.
+    void PushText( bool value );
+    /// Add a text node from a float.
+    void PushText( float value );
+    /// Add a text node from a double.
+    void PushText( double value );
+
+    /// Add a comment
+    void PushComment( const char* comment );
+
+    void PushDeclaration( const char* value );
+    void PushUnknown( const char* value );
+
+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ );
+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLDocument& /*doc*/ )			{
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool VisitEnter( const XMLElement& element, const XMLAttribute* attribute );
+    virtual bool VisitExit( const XMLElement& element );
+
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLText& text );
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLComment& comment );
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLDeclaration& declaration );
+    virtual bool Visit( const XMLUnknown& unknown );
+
+    /**
+    	If in print to memory mode, return a pointer to
+    	the XML file in memory.
+    */
+    const char* CStr() const {
+        return _buffer.Mem();
+    }
+    /**
+    	If in print to memory mode, return the size
+    	of the XML file in memory. (Note the size returned
+    	includes the terminating null.)
+    */
+    int CStrSize() const {
+        return _buffer.Size();
+    }
+    /**
+    	If in print to memory mode, reset the buffer to the
+    	beginning.
+    */
+    void ClearBuffer() {
+        _buffer.Clear();
+        _buffer.Push(0);
+		_firstElement = true;
+    }
+
+protected:
+	virtual bool CompactMode( const XMLElement& )	{ return _compactMode; }
+
+	/** Prints out the space before an element. You may override to change
+	    the space and tabs used. A PrintSpace() override should call Print().
+	*/
+    virtual void PrintSpace( int depth );
+    void Print( const char* format, ... );
+
+    void SealElementIfJustOpened();
+    bool _elementJustOpened;
+    DynArray< const char*, 10 > _stack;
+
+private:
+    void PrintString( const char*, bool restrictedEntitySet );	// prints out, after detecting entities.
+
+    bool _firstElement;
+    FILE* _fp;
+    int _depth;
+    int _textDepth;
+    bool _processEntities;
+	bool _compactMode;
+
+    enum {
+        ENTITY_RANGE = 64,
+        BUF_SIZE = 200
+    };
+    bool _entityFlag[ENTITY_RANGE];
+    bool _restrictedEntityFlag[ENTITY_RANGE];
+
+    DynArray< char, 20 > _buffer;
+};
+
+
+}	// tinyxml2
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#   pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+
+#endif // TINYXML2_INCLUDED
diff --git a/external/toojpeg/LICENSE b/external/toojpeg/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76d0362
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/toojpeg/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+zlib License
+
+Copyright (c) 2011-2016 Stephan Brumme
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to the following restrictions:
+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software.
+   If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
diff --git a/external/toojpeg/toojpeg.cpp b/external/toojpeg/toojpeg.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..866072c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/toojpeg/toojpeg.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,665 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// toojpeg.cpp
+// written by Stephan Brumme, 2018-2019
+// see https://create.stephan-brumme.com/toojpeg/
+//
+
+#include "toojpeg.h"
+
+// - the "official" specifications: https://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/itu-t81.pdf and https://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/jfif3.pdf
+// - Wikipedia has a short description of the JFIF/JPEG file format: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JPEG_File_Interchange_Format
+// - the popular STB Image library includes Jon's JPEG encoder as well: https://github.com/nothings/stb/blob/master/stb_image_write.h
+// - the most readable JPEG book (from a developer's perspective) is Miano's "Compressed Image File Formats" (1999, ISBN 0-201-60443-4),
+//   used copies are really cheap nowadays and include a CD with C++ sources as well (plus great format descriptions of GIF & PNG)
+// - much more detailled is Mitchell/Pennebaker's "JPEG: Still Image Data Compression Standard" (1993, ISBN 0-442-01272-1)
+//   which contains the official JPEG standard, too - fun fact: I bought a signed copy in a second-hand store without noticing
+
+namespace // anonymous namespace to hide local functions / constants / etc.
+{
+// ////////////////////////////////////////
+// data types
+using uint8_t  = unsigned char;
+using uint16_t = unsigned short;
+using  int16_t =          short;
+using  int32_t =          int; // at least four bytes
+
+// ////////////////////////////////////////
+// constants
+
+// quantization tables from JPEG Standard, Annex K
+const uint8_t DefaultQuantLuminance[8*8] =
+    { 16, 11, 10, 16, 24, 40, 51, 61, // there are a few experts proposing slightly more efficient values,
+      12, 12, 14, 19, 26, 58, 60, 55, // e.g. https://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/viewtopic.php?t=20333
+      14, 13, 16, 24, 40, 57, 69, 56, // btw: Google's Guetzli project optimizes the quantization tables per image
+      14, 17, 22, 29, 51, 87, 80, 62,
+      18, 22, 37, 56, 68,109,103, 77,
+      24, 35, 55, 64, 81,104,113, 92,
+      49, 64, 78, 87,103,121,120,101,
+      72, 92, 95, 98,112,100,103, 99 };
+const uint8_t DefaultQuantChrominance[8*8] =
+    { 17, 18, 24, 47, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+      18, 21, 26, 66, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+      24, 26, 56, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+      47, 66, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+      99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+      99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+      99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99,
+      99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99, 99 };
+
+// 8x8 blocks are processed in zig-zag order
+// most encoders use a zig-zag "forward" table, I switched to its inverse for performance reasons
+// note: ZigZagInv[ZigZag[i]] = i
+const uint8_t ZigZagInv[8*8] =
+    {  0, 1, 8,16, 9, 2, 3,10,   // ZigZag[] =  0, 1, 5, 6,14,15,27,28,
+      17,24,32,25,18,11, 4, 5,   //             2, 4, 7,13,16,26,29,42,
+      12,19,26,33,40,48,41,34,   //             3, 8,12,17,25,30,41,43,
+      27,20,13, 6, 7,14,21,28,   //             9,11,18,24,31,40,44,53,
+      35,42,49,56,57,50,43,36,   //            10,19,23,32,39,45,52,54,
+      29,22,15,23,30,37,44,51,   //            20,22,33,38,46,51,55,60,
+      58,59,52,45,38,31,39,46,   //            21,34,37,47,50,56,59,61,
+      53,60,61,54,47,55,62,63 }; //            35,36,48,49,57,58,62,63
+
+// static Huffman code tables from JPEG standard Annex K
+// - CodesPerBitsize tables define how many Huffman codes will have a certain bitsize (plus 1 because there nothing with zero bits),
+//   e.g. DcLuminanceCodesPerBitsize[2] = 5 because there are 5 Huffman codes being 2+1=3 bits long
+// - Values tables are a list of values ordered by their Huffman code bitsize,
+//   e.g. AcLuminanceValues => Huffman(0x01,0x02 and 0x03) will have 2 bits, Huffman(0x00) will have 3 bits, Huffman(0x04,0x11 and 0x05) will have 4 bits, ...
+
+// Huffman definitions for first DC/AC tables (luminance / Y channel)
+const uint8_t DcLuminanceCodesPerBitsize[16]   = { 0,1,5,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 };   // sum = 12
+const uint8_t DcLuminanceValues         [12]   = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 };         // => 12 codes
+const uint8_t AcLuminanceCodesPerBitsize[16]   = { 0,2,1,3,3,2,4,3,5,5,4,4,0,0,1,125 }; // sum = 162
+const uint8_t AcLuminanceValues        [162]   =                                        // => 162 codes
+    { 0x01,0x02,0x03,0x00,0x04,0x11,0x05,0x12,0x21,0x31,0x41,0x06,0x13,0x51,0x61,0x07,0x22,0x71,0x14,0x32,0x81,0x91,0xA1,0x08, // 16*10+2 symbols because
+      0x23,0x42,0xB1,0xC1,0x15,0x52,0xD1,0xF0,0x24,0x33,0x62,0x72,0x82,0x09,0x0A,0x16,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1A,0x25,0x26,0x27,0x28, // upper 4 bits can be 0..F
+      0x29,0x2A,0x34,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3A,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,0x4A,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,0x59, // while lower 4 bits can be 1..A
+      0x5A,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6A,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7A,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,0x88,0x89, // plus two special codes 0x00 and 0xF0
+      0x8A,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9A,0xA2,0xA3,0xA4,0xA5,0xA6,0xA7,0xA8,0xA9,0xAA,0xB2,0xB3,0xB4,0xB5,0xB6, // order of these symbols was determined empirically by JPEG committee
+      0xB7,0xB8,0xB9,0xBA,0xC2,0xC3,0xC4,0xC5,0xC6,0xC7,0xC8,0xC9,0xCA,0xD2,0xD3,0xD4,0xD5,0xD6,0xD7,0xD8,0xD9,0xDA,0xE1,0xE2,
+      0xE3,0xE4,0xE5,0xE6,0xE7,0xE8,0xE9,0xEA,0xF1,0xF2,0xF3,0xF4,0xF5,0xF6,0xF7,0xF8,0xF9,0xFA };
+// Huffman definitions for second DC/AC tables (chrominance / Cb and Cr channels)
+const uint8_t DcChrominanceCodesPerBitsize[16] = { 0,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,0,0,0,0,0 };   // sum = 12
+const uint8_t DcChrominanceValues         [12] = { 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 };         // => 12 codes (identical to DcLuminanceValues)
+const uint8_t AcChrominanceCodesPerBitsize[16] = { 0,2,1,2,4,4,3,4,7,5,4,4,0,1,2,119 }; // sum = 162
+const uint8_t AcChrominanceValues        [162] =                                        // => 162 codes
+    { 0x00,0x01,0x02,0x03,0x11,0x04,0x05,0x21,0x31,0x06,0x12,0x41,0x51,0x07,0x61,0x71,0x13,0x22,0x32,0x81,0x08,0x14,0x42,0x91, // same number of symbol, just different order
+      0xA1,0xB1,0xC1,0x09,0x23,0x33,0x52,0xF0,0x15,0x62,0x72,0xD1,0x0A,0x16,0x24,0x34,0xE1,0x25,0xF1,0x17,0x18,0x19,0x1A,0x26, // (which is more efficient for AC coding)
+      0x27,0x28,0x29,0x2A,0x35,0x36,0x37,0x38,0x39,0x3A,0x43,0x44,0x45,0x46,0x47,0x48,0x49,0x4A,0x53,0x54,0x55,0x56,0x57,0x58,
+      0x59,0x5A,0x63,0x64,0x65,0x66,0x67,0x68,0x69,0x6A,0x73,0x74,0x75,0x76,0x77,0x78,0x79,0x7A,0x82,0x83,0x84,0x85,0x86,0x87,
+      0x88,0x89,0x8A,0x92,0x93,0x94,0x95,0x96,0x97,0x98,0x99,0x9A,0xA2,0xA3,0xA4,0xA5,0xA6,0xA7,0xA8,0xA9,0xAA,0xB2,0xB3,0xB4,
+      0xB5,0xB6,0xB7,0xB8,0xB9,0xBA,0xC2,0xC3,0xC4,0xC5,0xC6,0xC7,0xC8,0xC9,0xCA,0xD2,0xD3,0xD4,0xD5,0xD6,0xD7,0xD8,0xD9,0xDA,
+      0xE2,0xE3,0xE4,0xE5,0xE6,0xE7,0xE8,0xE9,0xEA,0xF2,0xF3,0xF4,0xF5,0xF6,0xF7,0xF8,0xF9,0xFA };
+const int16_t CodeWordLimit = 2048; // +/-2^11, maximum value after DCT
+
+// ////////////////////////////////////////
+// structs
+
+// represent a single Huffman code
+struct BitCode
+{
+  BitCode() = default; // undefined state, must be initialized at a later time
+  BitCode(uint16_t code_, uint8_t numBits_)
+  : code(code_), numBits(numBits_) {}
+  uint16_t code;       // JPEG's Huffman codes are limited to 16 bits
+  uint8_t  numBits;    // number of valid bits
+};
+
+// wrapper for bit output operations
+struct BitWriter
+{
+  // user-supplied callback that writes/stores one byte
+  TooJpeg::WRITE_ONE_BYTE output;
+  // initialize writer
+  explicit BitWriter(TooJpeg::WRITE_ONE_BYTE output_) : output(output_) {}
+
+  // store the most recently encoded bits that are not written yet
+  struct BitBuffer
+  {
+    int32_t data    = 0; // actually only at most 24 bits are used
+    uint8_t numBits = 0; // number of valid bits (the right-most bits)
+  } buffer;
+
+  // write Huffman bits stored in BitCode, keep excess bits in BitBuffer
+  BitWriter& operator<<(const BitCode& data)
+  {
+    // append the new bits to those bits leftover from previous call(s)
+    buffer.numBits += data.numBits;
+    buffer.data   <<= data.numBits;
+    buffer.data    |= data.code;
+
+    // write all "full" bytes
+    while (buffer.numBits >= 8)
+    {
+      // extract highest 8 bits
+      buffer.numBits -= 8;
+      auto oneByte = uint8_t(buffer.data >> buffer.numBits);
+      output(oneByte);
+
+      if (oneByte == 0xFF) // 0xFF has a special meaning for JPEGs (it's a block marker)
+        output(0);         // therefore pad a zero to indicate "nope, this one ain't a marker, it's just a coincidence"
+
+      // note: I don't clear those written bits, therefore buffer.bits may contain garbage in the high bits
+      //       if you really want to "clean up" (e.g. for debugging purposes) then uncomment the following line
+      //buffer.bits &= (1 << buffer.numBits) - 1;
+    }
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // write all non-yet-written bits, fill gaps with 1s (that's a strange JPEG thing)
+  void flush()
+  {
+    // at most seven set bits needed to "fill" the last byte: 0x7F = binary 0111 1111
+    *this << BitCode(0x7F, 7); // I should set buffer.numBits = 0 but since there are no single bits written after flush() I can safely ignore it
+  }
+
+  // NOTE: all the following BitWriter functions IGNORE the BitBuffer and write straight to output !
+  // write a single byte
+  BitWriter& operator<<(uint8_t oneByte)
+  {
+    output(oneByte);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // write an array of bytes
+  template <typename T, int Size>
+  BitWriter& operator<<(T (&manyBytes)[Size])
+  {
+    for (auto c : manyBytes)
+      output(c);
+    return *this;
+  }
+
+  // start a new JFIF block
+  void addMarker(uint8_t id, uint16_t length)
+  {
+    output(0xFF); output(id);     // ID, always preceded by 0xFF
+    output(uint8_t(length >> 8)); // length of the block (big-endian, includes the 2 length bytes as well)
+    output(uint8_t(length & 0xFF));
+  }
+};
+
+// ////////////////////////////////////////
+// functions / templates
+
+// same as std::min()
+template <typename Number>
+Number minimum(Number value, Number maximum)
+{
+  return value <= maximum ? value : maximum;
+}
+
+// restrict a value to the interval [minimum, maximum]
+template <typename Number, typename Limit>
+Number clamp(Number value, Limit minValue, Limit maxValue)
+{
+  if (value <= minValue) return minValue; // never smaller than the minimum
+  if (value >= maxValue) return maxValue; // never bigger  than the maximum
+  return value;                           // value was inside interval, keep it
+}
+
+// convert from RGB to YCbCr, constants are similar to ITU-R, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YCbCr#JPEG_conversion
+float rgb2y (float r, float g, float b) { return +0.299f   * r +0.587f   * g +0.114f   * b; }
+float rgb2cb(float r, float g, float b) { return -0.16874f * r -0.33126f * g +0.5f     * b; }
+float rgb2cr(float r, float g, float b) { return +0.5f     * r -0.41869f * g -0.08131f * b; }
+
+// forward DCT computation "in one dimension" (fast AAN algorithm by Arai, Agui and Nakajima: "A fast DCT-SQ scheme for images")
+void DCT(float block[8*8], uint8_t stride) // stride must be 1 (=horizontal) or 8 (=vertical)
+{
+  const auto SqrtHalfSqrt = 1.306562965f; //    sqrt((2 + sqrt(2)) / 2) = cos(pi * 1 / 8) * sqrt(2)
+  const auto InvSqrt      = 0.707106781f; // 1 / sqrt(2)                = cos(pi * 2 / 8)
+  const auto HalfSqrtSqrt = 0.382683432f; //     sqrt(2 - sqrt(2)) / 2  = cos(pi * 3 / 8)
+  const auto InvSqrtSqrt  = 0.541196100f; // 1 / sqrt(2 - sqrt(2))      = cos(pi * 3 / 8) * sqrt(2)
+
+  // modify in-place
+  auto& block0 = block[0         ];
+  auto& block1 = block[1 * stride];
+  auto& block2 = block[2 * stride];
+  auto& block3 = block[3 * stride];
+  auto& block4 = block[4 * stride];
+  auto& block5 = block[5 * stride];
+  auto& block6 = block[6 * stride];
+  auto& block7 = block[7 * stride];
+
+  // based on https://dev.w3.org/Amaya/libjpeg/jfdctflt.c , the original variable names can be found in my comments
+  auto add07 = block0 + block7; auto sub07 = block0 - block7; // tmp0, tmp7
+  auto add16 = block1 + block6; auto sub16 = block1 - block6; // tmp1, tmp6
+  auto add25 = block2 + block5; auto sub25 = block2 - block5; // tmp2, tmp5
+  auto add34 = block3 + block4; auto sub34 = block3 - block4; // tmp3, tmp4
+
+  auto add0347 = add07 + add34; auto sub07_34 = add07 - add34; // tmp10, tmp13 ("even part" / "phase 2")
+  auto add1256 = add16 + add25; auto sub16_25 = add16 - add25; // tmp11, tmp12
+
+  block0 = add0347 + add1256; block4 = add0347 - add1256; // "phase 3"
+
+  auto z1 = (sub16_25 + sub07_34) * InvSqrt; // all temporary z-variables kept their original names
+  block2 = sub07_34 + z1; block6 = sub07_34 - z1; // "phase 5"
+
+  auto sub23_45 = sub25 + sub34; // tmp10 ("odd part" / "phase 2")
+  auto sub12_56 = sub16 + sub25; // tmp11
+  auto sub01_67 = sub16 + sub07; // tmp12
+
+  auto z5 = (sub23_45 - sub01_67) * HalfSqrtSqrt;
+  auto z2 = sub23_45 * InvSqrtSqrt  + z5;
+  auto z3 = sub12_56 * InvSqrt;
+  auto z4 = sub01_67 * SqrtHalfSqrt + z5;
+  auto z6 = sub07 + z3; // z11 ("phase 5")
+  auto z7 = sub07 - z3; // z13
+  block1 = z6 + z4; block7 = z6 - z4; // "phase 6"
+  block5 = z7 + z2; block3 = z7 - z2;
+}
+
+// run DCT, quantize and write Huffman bit codes
+int16_t encodeBlock(BitWriter& writer, float block[8][8], const float scaled[8*8], int16_t lastDC,
+                    const BitCode huffmanDC[256], const BitCode huffmanAC[256], const BitCode* codewords)
+{
+  // "linearize" the 8x8 block, treat it as a flat array of 64 floats
+  auto block64 = (float*) block;
+
+  // DCT: rows
+  for (auto offset = 0; offset < 8; offset++)
+    DCT(block64 + offset*8, 1);
+  // DCT: columns
+  for (auto offset = 0; offset < 8; offset++)
+    DCT(block64 + offset*1, 8);
+
+  // scale
+  for (auto i = 0; i < 8*8; i++)
+    block64[i] *= scaled[i];
+
+  // encode DC (the first coefficient is the "average color" of the 8x8 block)
+  auto DC = int(block64[0] + (block64[0] >= 0 ? +0.5f : -0.5f)); // C++11's nearbyint() achieves a similar effect
+
+  // quantize and zigzag the other 63 coefficients
+  auto posNonZero = 0; // find last coefficient which is not zero (because trailing zeros are encoded differently)
+  int16_t quantized[8*8];
+  for (auto i = 1; i < 8*8; i++) // start at 1 because block64[0]=DC was already processed
+  {
+    auto value = block64[ZigZagInv[i]];
+    // round to nearest integer
+    quantized[i] = int(value + (value >= 0 ? +0.5f : -0.5f)); // C++11's nearbyint() achieves a similar effect
+    // remember offset of last non-zero coefficient
+    if (quantized[i] != 0)
+      posNonZero = i;
+  }
+
+  // same "average color" as previous block ?
+  auto diff = DC - lastDC;
+  if (diff == 0)
+    writer << huffmanDC[0x00];   // yes, write a special short symbol
+  else
+  {
+    auto bits = codewords[diff]; // nope, encode the difference to previous block's average color
+    writer << huffmanDC[bits.numBits] << bits;
+  }
+
+  // encode ACs (quantized[1..63])
+  auto offset = 0; // upper 4 bits count the number of consecutive zeros
+  for (auto i = 1; i <= posNonZero; i++) // quantized[0] was already written, skip all trailing zeros, too
+  {
+    // zeros are encoded in a special way
+    while (quantized[i] == 0) // found another zero ?
+    {
+      offset    += 0x10; // add 1 to the upper 4 bits
+      // split into blocks of at most 16 consecutive zeros
+      if (offset > 0xF0) // remember, the counter is in the upper 4 bits, 0xF = 15
+      {
+        writer << huffmanAC[0xF0]; // 0xF0 is a special code for "16 zeros"
+        offset = 0;
+      }
+      i++;
+    }
+
+    auto encoded = codewords[quantized[i]];
+    // combine number of zeros with the number of bits of the next non-zero value
+    writer << huffmanAC[offset + encoded.numBits] << encoded; // and the value itself
+    offset = 0;
+  }
+
+  // send end-of-block code (0x00), only needed if there are trailing zeros
+  if (posNonZero < 8*8 - 1) // = 63
+    writer << huffmanAC[0x00];
+
+  return DC;
+}
+
+// Jon's code includes the pre-generated Huffman codes
+// I don't like these "magic constants" and compute them on my own :-)
+void generateHuffmanTable(const uint8_t numCodes[16], const uint8_t* values, BitCode result[256])
+{
+  // process all bitsizes 1 thru 16, no JPEG Huffman code is allowed to exceed 16 bits
+  auto huffmanCode = 0;
+  for (auto numBits = 1; numBits <= 16; numBits++)
+  {
+    // ... and each code of these bitsizes
+    for (auto i = 0; i < numCodes[numBits - 1]; i++) // note: numCodes array starts at zero, but smallest bitsize is 1
+      result[*values++] = BitCode(huffmanCode++, numBits);
+
+    // next Huffman code needs to be one bit wider
+    huffmanCode <<= 1;
+  }
+}
+
+} // end of anonymous namespace
+
+// -------------------- externally visible code --------------------
+
+namespace TooJpeg
+{
+// the only exported function ...
+bool writeJpeg(WRITE_ONE_BYTE output, const void* pixels_, unsigned short width, unsigned short height,
+               bool isRGB, unsigned char quality_, bool downsample, const char* comment)
+{
+  // reject invalid pointers
+  if (output == nullptr || pixels_ == nullptr)
+    return false;
+  // check image format
+  if (width == 0 || height == 0)
+    return false;
+
+  // number of components
+  const auto numComponents = isRGB ? 3 : 1;
+  // note: if there is just one component (=grayscale), then only luminance needs to be stored in the file
+  //       thus everything related to chrominance need not to be written to the JPEG
+  //       I still compute a few things, like quantization tables to avoid a complete code mess
+
+  // grayscale images can't be downsampled (because there are no Cb + Cr channels)
+  if (!isRGB)
+    downsample = false;
+
+  // wrapper for all output operations
+  BitWriter bitWriter(output);
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // JFIF headers
+  const uint8_t HeaderJfif[2+2+16] =
+      { 0xFF,0xD8,         // SOI marker (start of image)
+        0xFF,0xE0,         // JFIF APP0 tag
+        0,16,              // length: 16 bytes (14 bytes payload + 2 bytes for this length field)
+        'J','F','I','F',0, // JFIF identifier, zero-terminated
+        1,1,               // JFIF version 1.1
+        0,                 // no density units specified
+        0,1,0,1,           // density: 1 pixel "per pixel" horizontally and vertically
+        0,0 };             // no thumbnail (size 0 x 0)
+  bitWriter << HeaderJfif;
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // comment (optional)
+  if (comment != nullptr)
+  {
+    // look for zero terminator
+    auto length = 0; // = strlen(comment);
+    while (comment[length] != 0)
+      length++;
+
+    // write COM marker
+    bitWriter.addMarker(0xFE, 2+length); // block size is number of bytes (without zero terminator) + 2 bytes for this length field
+    // ... and write the comment itself
+    for (auto i = 0; i < length; i++)
+      bitWriter << comment[i];
+  }
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // adjust quantization tables to desired quality
+
+  // quality level must be in 1 ... 100
+  auto quality = clamp<uint16_t>(quality_, 1, 100);
+  // convert to an internal JPEG quality factor, formula taken from libjpeg
+  quality = quality < 50 ? 5000 / quality : 200 - quality * 2;
+
+  uint8_t quantLuminance  [8*8];
+  uint8_t quantChrominance[8*8];
+  for (auto i = 0; i < 8*8; i++)
+  {
+    int luminance   = (DefaultQuantLuminance  [ZigZagInv[i]] * quality + 50) / 100;
+    int chrominance = (DefaultQuantChrominance[ZigZagInv[i]] * quality + 50) / 100;
+
+    // clamp to 1..255
+    quantLuminance  [i] = clamp(luminance,   1, 255);
+    quantChrominance[i] = clamp(chrominance, 1, 255);
+  }
+
+  // write quantization tables
+  bitWriter.addMarker(0xDB, 2 + (isRGB ? 2 : 1) * (1 + 8*8)); // length: 65 bytes per table + 2 bytes for this length field
+                                                              // each table has 64 entries and is preceded by an ID byte
+
+  bitWriter   << 0x00 << quantLuminance;   // first  quantization table
+  if (isRGB)
+    bitWriter << 0x01 << quantChrominance; // second quantization table, only relevant for color images
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // write image infos (SOF0 - start of frame)
+  bitWriter.addMarker(0xC0, 2+6+3*numComponents); // length: 6 bytes general info + 3 per channel + 2 bytes for this length field
+
+  // 8 bits per channel
+  bitWriter << 0x08
+  // image dimensions (big-endian)
+            << (height >> 8) << (height & 0xFF)
+            << (width  >> 8) << (width  & 0xFF);
+
+  // sampling and quantization tables for each component
+  bitWriter << numComponents;       // 1 component (grayscale, Y only) or 3 components (Y,Cb,Cr)
+  for (auto id = 1; id <= numComponents; id++)
+    bitWriter <<  id                // component ID (Y=1, Cb=2, Cr=3)
+    // bitmasks for sampling: highest 4 bits: horizontal, lowest 4 bits: vertical
+              << (id == 1 && downsample ? 0x22 : 0x11) // 0x11 is default YCbCr 4:4:4 and 0x22 stands for YCbCr 4:2:0
+              << (id == 1 ? 0 : 1); // use quantization table 0 for Y, table 1 for Cb and Cr
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // Huffman tables
+  // DHT marker - define Huffman tables
+  bitWriter.addMarker(0xC4, isRGB ? (2+208+208) : (2+208));
+                            // 2 bytes for the length field, store chrominance only if needed
+                            //   1+16+12  for the DC luminance
+                            //   1+16+162 for the AC luminance   (208 = 1+16+12 + 1+16+162)
+                            //   1+16+12  for the DC chrominance
+                            //   1+16+162 for the AC chrominance (208 = 1+16+12 + 1+16+162, same as above)
+
+  // store luminance's DC+AC Huffman table definitions
+  bitWriter << 0x00 // highest 4 bits: 0 => DC, lowest 4 bits: 0 => Y (baseline)
+            << DcLuminanceCodesPerBitsize
+            << DcLuminanceValues;
+  bitWriter << 0x10 // highest 4 bits: 1 => AC, lowest 4 bits: 0 => Y (baseline)
+            << AcLuminanceCodesPerBitsize
+            << AcLuminanceValues;
+
+  // compute actual Huffman code tables (see Jon's code for precalculated tables)
+  BitCode huffmanLuminanceDC[256];
+  BitCode huffmanLuminanceAC[256];
+  generateHuffmanTable(DcLuminanceCodesPerBitsize, DcLuminanceValues, huffmanLuminanceDC);
+  generateHuffmanTable(AcLuminanceCodesPerBitsize, AcLuminanceValues, huffmanLuminanceAC);
+
+  // chrominance is only relevant for color images
+  BitCode huffmanChrominanceDC[256];
+  BitCode huffmanChrominanceAC[256];
+  if (isRGB)
+  {
+    // store luminance's DC+AC Huffman table definitions
+    bitWriter << 0x01 // highest 4 bits: 0 => DC, lowest 4 bits: 1 => Cr,Cb (baseline)
+              << DcChrominanceCodesPerBitsize
+              << DcChrominanceValues;
+    bitWriter << 0x11 // highest 4 bits: 1 => AC, lowest 4 bits: 1 => Cr,Cb (baseline)
+              << AcChrominanceCodesPerBitsize
+              << AcChrominanceValues;
+
+    // compute actual Huffman code tables (see Jon's code for precalculated tables)
+    generateHuffmanTable(DcChrominanceCodesPerBitsize, DcChrominanceValues, huffmanChrominanceDC);
+    generateHuffmanTable(AcChrominanceCodesPerBitsize, AcChrominanceValues, huffmanChrominanceAC);
+  }
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // start of scan (there is only a single scan for baseline JPEGs)
+  bitWriter.addMarker(0xDA, 2+1+2*numComponents+3); // 2 bytes for the length field, 1 byte for number of components,
+                                                    // then 2 bytes for each component and 3 bytes for spectral selection
+
+  // assign Huffman tables to each component
+  bitWriter << numComponents;
+  for (auto id = 1; id <= numComponents; id++)
+    // highest 4 bits: DC Huffman table, lowest 4 bits: AC Huffman table
+    bitWriter << id << (id == 1 ? 0x00 : 0x11); // Y: tables 0 for DC and AC; Cb + Cr: tables 1 for DC and AC
+
+  // constant values for our baseline JPEGs (which have a single sequential scan)
+  static const uint8_t Spectral[3] = { 0, 63, 0 }; // spectral selection: must be from 0 to 63; successive approximation must be 0
+  bitWriter << Spectral;
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // adjust quantization tables with AAN scaling factors to simplify DCT
+  float scaledLuminance  [8*8];
+  float scaledChrominance[8*8];
+  for (auto i = 0; i < 8*8; i++)
+  {
+    auto row    = ZigZagInv[i] / 8; // same as ZigZagInv[i] >> 3
+    auto column = ZigZagInv[i] % 8; // same as ZigZagInv[i] &  7
+
+    // scaling constants for AAN DCT algorithm: AanScaleFactors[0] = 1, AanScaleFactors[k=1..7] = cos(k*PI/16) * sqrt(2)
+    static const float AanScaleFactors[8] = { 1, 1.387039845f, 1.306562965f, 1.175875602f, 1, 0.785694958f, 0.541196100f, 0.275899379f };
+    auto factor = 1 / (AanScaleFactors[row] * AanScaleFactors[column] * 8);
+    scaledLuminance  [ZigZagInv[i]] = factor / quantLuminance  [i];
+    scaledChrominance[ZigZagInv[i]] = factor / quantChrominance[i];
+    // if you really want JPEGs that are bitwise identical to Jon Olick's code then you need slightly different formulas (note: sqrt(8) = 2.828427125f)
+    //static const float aasf[] = { 1.0f * 2.828427125f, 1.387039845f * 2.828427125f, 1.306562965f * 2.828427125f, 1.175875602f * 2.828427125f, 1.0f * 2.828427125f, 0.785694958f * 2.828427125f, 0.541196100f * 2.828427125f, 0.275899379f * 2.828427125f }; // line 240 of jo_jpeg.cpp
+    //scaledLuminance  [ZigZagInv[i]] = 1 / (quantLuminance  [i] * aasf[row] * aasf[column]); // lines 266-267 of jo_jpeg.cpp
+    //scaledChrominance[ZigZagInv[i]] = 1 / (quantChrominance[i] * aasf[row] * aasf[column]);
+  }
+
+  // ////////////////////////////////////////
+  // precompute JPEG codewords for quantized DCT
+  BitCode  codewordsArray[2 * CodeWordLimit];          // note: quantized[i] is found at codewordsArray[quantized[i] + CodeWordLimit]
+  BitCode* codewords = &codewordsArray[CodeWordLimit]; // allow negative indices, so quantized[i] is at codewords[quantized[i]]
+  uint8_t numBits = 1; // each codeword has at least one bit (value == 0 is undefined)
+  int32_t mask    = 1; // mask is always 2^numBits - 1, initial value 2^1-1 = 2-1 = 1
+  for (int16_t value = 1; value < CodeWordLimit; value++)
+  {
+    // numBits = position of highest set bit (ignoring the sign)
+    // mask    = (2^numBits) - 1
+    if (value > mask) // one more bit ?
+    {
+      numBits++;
+      mask = (mask << 1) | 1; // append a set bit
+    }
+    codewords[-value] = BitCode(mask - value, numBits); // note that I use a negative index => codewords[-value] = codewordsArray[CodeWordLimit  value]
+    codewords[+value] = BitCode(       value, numBits);
+  }
+
+  // just convert image data from void*
+  auto pixels = (const uint8_t*)pixels_;
+
+  // the next two variables are frequently used when checking for image borders
+  const auto maxWidth  = width  - 1; // "last row"
+  const auto maxHeight = height - 1; // "bottom line"
+
+  // process MCUs (minimum codes units) => image is subdivided into a grid of 8x8 or 16x16 tiles
+  const auto sampling = downsample ? 2 : 1; // 1x1 or 2x2 sampling
+  const auto mcuSize  = 8 * sampling;
+
+  // average color of the previous MCU
+  int16_t lastYDC = 0, lastCbDC = 0, lastCrDC = 0;
+  // convert from RGB to YCbCr
+  float Y[8][8], Cb[8][8], Cr[8][8];
+
+  for (auto mcuY = 0; mcuY < height; mcuY += mcuSize) // each step is either 8 or 16 (=mcuSize)
+    for (auto mcuX = 0; mcuX < width; mcuX += mcuSize)
+    {
+      // YCbCr 4:4:4 format: each MCU is a 8x8 block - the same applies to grayscale images, too
+      // YCbCr 4:2:0 format: each MCU represents a 16x16 block, stored as 4x 8x8 Y-blocks plus 1x 8x8 Cb and 1x 8x8 Cr block)
+      for (auto blockY = 0; blockY < mcuSize; blockY += 8) // iterate once (YCbCr444 and grayscale) or twice (YCbCr420)
+        for (auto blockX = 0; blockX < mcuSize; blockX += 8)
+        {
+          // now we finally have an 8x8 block ...
+          for (auto deltaY = 0; deltaY < 8; deltaY++)
+          {
+            auto column = minimum(mcuX + blockX         , maxWidth); // must not exceed image borders, replicate last row/column if needed
+            auto row    = minimum(mcuY + blockY + deltaY, maxHeight);
+            for (auto deltaX = 0; deltaX < 8; deltaX++)
+            {
+              // find actual pixel position within the current image
+              auto pixelPos = row * int(width) + column; // the cast ensures that we don't run into multiplication overflows
+              if (column < maxWidth)
+                column++;
+
+              // grayscale images have solely a Y channel which can be easily derived from the input pixel by shifting it by 128
+              if (!isRGB)
+              {
+                Y[deltaY][deltaX] = pixels[pixelPos] - 128.f;
+                continue;
+              }
+
+              // RGB: 3 bytes per pixel (whereas grayscale images have only 1 byte per pixel)
+              auto r = pixels[3 * pixelPos    ];
+              auto g = pixels[3 * pixelPos + 1];
+              auto b = pixels[3 * pixelPos + 2];
+
+              Y   [deltaY][deltaX] = rgb2y (r, g, b) - 128; // again, the JPEG standard requires Y to be shifted by 128
+              // YCbCr444 is easy - the more complex YCbCr420 has to be computed about 20 lines below in a second pass
+              if (!downsample)
+              {
+                Cb[deltaY][deltaX] = rgb2cb(r, g, b); // standard RGB-to-YCbCr conversion
+                Cr[deltaY][deltaX] = rgb2cr(r, g, b);
+              }
+            }
+          }
+
+        // encode Y channel
+        lastYDC = encodeBlock(bitWriter, Y, scaledLuminance, lastYDC, huffmanLuminanceDC, huffmanLuminanceAC, codewords);
+        // Cb and Cr are encoded about 50 lines below
+      }
+
+      // grayscale images don't need any Cb and Cr information
+      if (!isRGB)
+        continue;
+
+      // ////////////////////////////////////////
+      // the following lines are only relevant for YCbCr420:
+      // average/downsample chrominance of four pixels while respecting the image borders
+      if (downsample)
+        for (short deltaY = 7; downsample && deltaY >= 0; deltaY--) // iterating loop in reverse increases cache read efficiency
+        {
+          auto row      = minimum(mcuY + 2*deltaY, maxHeight); // each deltaX/Y step covers a 2x2 area
+          auto column   =         mcuX;                        // column is updated inside next loop
+          auto pixelPos = (row * int(width) + column) * 3;     // numComponents = 3
+
+          // deltas (in bytes) to next row / column, must not exceed image borders
+          auto rowStep    = (row    < maxHeight) ? 3 * int(width) : 0; // always numComponents*width except for bottom    line
+          auto columnStep = (column < maxWidth ) ? 3              : 0; // always numComponents       except for rightmost pixel
+
+          for (short deltaX = 0; deltaX < 8; deltaX++)
+          {
+            // let's add all four samples (2x2 area)
+            auto right     = pixelPos + columnStep;
+            auto down      = pixelPos +              rowStep;
+            auto downRight = pixelPos + columnStep + rowStep;
+
+            // note: cast from 8 bits to >8 bits to avoid overflows when adding
+            auto r = short(pixels[pixelPos    ]) + pixels[right    ] + pixels[down    ] + pixels[downRight    ];
+            auto g = short(pixels[pixelPos + 1]) + pixels[right + 1] + pixels[down + 1] + pixels[downRight + 1];
+            auto b = short(pixels[pixelPos + 2]) + pixels[right + 2] + pixels[down + 2] + pixels[downRight + 2];
+
+            // convert to Cb and Cr
+            Cb[deltaY][deltaX] = rgb2cb(r, g, b) / 4; // I still have to divide r,g,b by 4 to get their average values
+            Cr[deltaY][deltaX] = rgb2cr(r, g, b) / 4; // it's a bit faster if done AFTER CbCr conversion
+
+            // step forward to next 2x2 area
+            pixelPos += 2*3; // 2 pixels => 6 bytes (2*numComponents)
+            column   += 2;
+
+            // reached right border ?
+            if (column >= maxWidth)
+            {
+              columnStep = 0;
+              pixelPos = ((row + 1) * int(width) - 1) * 3; // same as (row * width + maxWidth) * numComponents => current's row last pixel
+            }
+          }
+        } // end of YCbCr420 code for Cb and Cr
+
+      // encode Cb and Cr
+      lastCbDC = encodeBlock(bitWriter, Cb, scaledChrominance, lastCbDC, huffmanChrominanceDC, huffmanChrominanceAC, codewords);
+      lastCrDC = encodeBlock(bitWriter, Cr, scaledChrominance, lastCrDC, huffmanChrominanceDC, huffmanChrominanceAC, codewords);
+    }
+
+  bitWriter.flush(); // now image is completely encoded, write any bits still left in the buffer
+
+  // ///////////////////////////
+  // EOI marker
+  bitWriter << 0xFF << 0xD9; // this marker has no length, therefore I can't use addMarker()
+  return true;
+} // writeJpeg()
+} // namespace TooJpeg
diff --git a/external/toojpeg/toojpeg.h b/external/toojpeg/toojpeg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aa16b0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/toojpeg/toojpeg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
+// toojpeg.h
+// written by Stephan Brumme, 2018-2019
+// see https://create.stephan-brumme.com/toojpeg/
+//
+
+// This is a compact baseline JPEG/JFIF writer, written in C++ (but looks like C for the most part).
+// Its interface has only one function: writeJpeg() - and that's it !
+//
+// basic example:
+// => create an image with any content you like, e.g. 1024x768, RGB = 3 bytes per pixel
+// auto pixels = new unsigned char[1024*768*3];
+// => you need to define a callback that receives the compressed data byte-by-byte from my JPEG writer
+// void myOutput(unsigned char oneByte) { fputc(oneByte, myFileHandle); } // save byte to file
+// => let's go !
+// TooJpeg::writeJpeg(myOutput, mypixels, 1024, 768);
+
+#pragma once
+
+namespace TooJpeg
+{
+  // write one byte (to disk, memory, ...)
+  typedef void (*WRITE_ONE_BYTE)(unsigned char);
+  // this callback is called for every byte generated by the encoder and behaves similar to fputc
+  // if you prefer stylish C++11 syntax then it can be a lambda, too:
+  // auto myOutput = [](unsigned char oneByte) { fputc(oneByte, output); };
+
+  // output       - callback that stores a single byte (writes to disk, memory, ...)
+  // pixels       - stored in RGB format or grayscale, stored from upper-left to lower-right
+  // width,height - image size
+  // isRGB        - true if RGB format (3 bytes per pixel); false if grayscale (1 byte per pixel)
+  // quality      - between 1 (worst) and 100 (best)
+  // downsample   - if true then YCbCr 4:2:0 format is used (smaller size, minor quality loss) instead of 4:4:4, not relevant for grayscale
+  // comment      - optional JPEG comment (0/NULL if no comment), must not contain ASCII code 0xFF
+  bool writeJpeg(WRITE_ONE_BYTE output, const void* pixels, unsigned short width, unsigned short height,
+                 bool isRGB = true, unsigned char quality = 90, bool downsample = false, const char* comment = nullptr);
+} // namespace TooJpeg
+
+// My main inspiration was Jon Olick's Minimalistic JPEG writer
+// ( https://www.jonolick.com/code.html => direct link is https://www.jonolick.com/uploads/7/9/2/1/7921194/jo_jpeg.cpp ).
+// However, his code documentation is quite sparse - probably because it wasn't written from scratch and is (quote:) "based on a javascript jpeg writer",
+// most likely Andreas Ritter's code: https://github.com/eugeneware/jpeg-js/blob/master/lib/encoder.js
+//
+// Therefore I wrote the whole lib from scratch and tried hard to add tons of comments to my code, especially describing where all those magic numbers come from.
+// And I managed to remove the need for any external includes ...
+// yes, that's right: my library has no (!) includes at all, not even #include <stdlib.h>
+// Depending on your callback WRITE_ONE_BYTE, the library writes either to disk, or in-memory, or wherever you wish.
+// Moreover, no dynamic memory allocations are performed, just a few bytes on the stack.
+//
+// In contrast to Jon's code, compression can be significantly improved in many use cases:
+// a) grayscale JPEG images need just a single Y channel, no need to save the superfluous Cb + Cr channels
+// b) YCbCr 4:2:0 downsampling is often about 20% more efficient (=smaller) than the default YCbCr 4:4:4 with only little visual loss
+//
+// TooJpeg 1.2+ compresses about twice as fast as jo_jpeg (and about half as fast as libjpeg-turbo).
+// A few benchmark numbers can be found on my website https://create.stephan-brumme.com/toojpeg/#benchmark
+//
+// Last but not least you can optionally add a JPEG comment.
+//
+// Your C++ compiler needs to support a reasonable subset of C++11 (g++ 4.7 or Visual C++ 2013 are sufficient).
+// I haven't tested the code on big-endian systems or anything that smells like an apple.
+//
+// USE AT YOUR OWN RISK. Because you are a brave soul :-)
diff --git a/external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.c b/external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0a4897c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.c
@@ -0,0 +1,724 @@
+// original: https://github.com/smokris/usb-hid-usage
+// Apache License 2.0
+// slightly modified version
+
+// asprintf warning fix
+#if !defined(_GNU_SOURCE) && !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define _GNU_SOURCE 1
+#endif
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+// define asprintf for MSVC
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#include <malloc.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+int vasprintf(char **strp, const char *fmt, va_list ap) {
+    int len = _vscprintf(fmt, ap);
+    if (len == -1) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    size_t size = (size_t) len + 1;
+    char *str = (char *) malloc(size);
+    if (str == NULL) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    int r = vsprintf_s(str, len + 1, fmt, ap);
+    if (r == -1) {
+        free(str);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    *strp = str;
+
+    return r;
+}
+
+int asprintf(char **strp, const char *fmt, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_start(ap, fmt);
+
+    int r = vasprintf(strp, fmt, ap);
+
+    va_end(ap);
+
+    return r;
+}
+#endif
+
+/**
+ * Returns a string containing a verbal description of the specified USB HID usage.
+ *
+ * The caller is responsible for freeing the returned string.
+ *
+ * Based on "HID Usage Tables 10/28/2004 Version 1.12" (with a few spelling errors corrected),
+ * plus changes from Review Requests 28 through 52.  Exceptions:
+ *
+ *    - Implementation of RR39 is incomplete.
+ *    - The conflicting assignments between RR33 (status "Review") and RR47 (status "Approved") are noted below; I went with the latter.
+ *    - Includes usage 0x07:0xffffffff (the 8-bit USB HID keycodes of up to 8 simultanouely-pressed keys).
+ *    - Includes usage pages 0x84 and 0x85 from "Universal Serial Bus Usage Tables for HID Power Devices Release 1.0 November 1, 1997".
+ *    - Includes usage page 0xff (Fn key on Apple Keyboards).
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2015 Steve Mokris.  Use and distribution permitted under the terms of the Apache License Version 2.0.
+ */
+char* usb_hid_get_usage_text(uint32_t usagePage, uint32_t usage)
+{
+    char *text = 0;
+
+    if (usagePage == 0x01)	// Generic Desktop
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Pointer", "Mouse", 0, "Joystick", "Game Pad", "Keyboard", "Keypad",
+                "Multi-axis Controller", "Tablet PC System Controls", "Water Cooling Device", "Computer Chassis Device", "Wireless Radio Controls", "Portable Device Control", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "X", "Y", "Z", "Rx", "Ry", "Rz", "Slider", "Dial",
+                "Wheel", "Hat switch", "Counted Buffer", "Byte Count", "Motion Wakeup", "Start", "Select", 0,
+                "Vx", "Vy", "Vz", "Vbrx", "Vbry", "Vbrz", "Vno", "Feature Notification",
+                "Resolution Multiplier", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "System Control", "System Power Down", "System Sleep", "System Wake Up", "System Context Menu", "System Main Menu", "System App Menu", "System Menu Help",
+                "System Menu Exit", "System Menu Select", "System Menu Right", "System Menu Left", "System Menu Up", "System Menu Down", "System Cold Restart", "System Warm Restart",
+                "D-pad Up", "D-pad Down", "D-pad Right", "D-pad Left", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "System Dock", "System Undock", "System Setup", "System Break", "System Debugger Break", "Application Break", "Application Debugger Break", "System Speaker Mute",
+                "System Hibernate", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "System Display Invert", "System Display Internal", "System Display External", "System Display Both", "System Display Dual", "System Display Toggle Int/Ext", "System Display Swap Primary/Secondary", "System Display LCD Autoscale",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Sensor Zone", "RPM", "Coolant Level", "Coolant Critical Level", "Coolant Pump", "Chassis Enclosure", "Wireless Radio Button", "Wireless Radio LED",
+                "Wireless Radio Slider Switch", "System Display Rotation Lock Button", "System Display Rotation Lock Slider Switch", "Control Enable", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x02)	// Simulation Controls
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Flight Simulation Device", "Automobile Simulation Device", "Tank Simulation Device", "Spaceship Simulation Device", "Submarine Simulation Device", "Sailing Simulation Device", "Motorcycle Simulation Device",
+                "Sports Simulation Device", "Airplane Simulation Device", "Helicopter Simulation Device", "Magic Carpet Simulation Device", "Bicycle Simulation Device", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Flight Control Stick", "Flight Stick", "Cyclic Control", "Cyclic Trim", "Flight Yoke", "Track Control", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Aileron", "Aileron Trim", "Anti-Torque Control", "Autopilot Enable", "Chaff Release", "Collective Control", "Dive Brake", "Electronic Countermeasures",
+                "Elevator", "Elevator Trim", "Rudder", "Throttle", "Flight Communications", "Flare Release", "Landing Gear", "Toe Brake",
+                "Trigger", "Weapons Arm", "Weapons Select", "Wing Flaps", "Accelerator", "Brake", "Clutch", "Shifter",
+                "Steering", "Turret Direction", "Barrel Elevation", "Dive Plane", "Ballast", "Bicycle Crank", "Handle Bars", "Front Brake",
+                "Rear Brake", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x03)	// VR Controls
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Belt", "Body Suit", "Flexor", "Glove", "Head Tracker", "Head Mounted Display", "Hand Tracker",
+                "Oculometer", "Vest", "Animatronic Device", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Stereo Enable", "Display Enable", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x04)	// Sport Controls
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Baseball Bat", "Golf Club", "Rowing Machine", "Treadmill", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Oar", "Slope", "Rate", "Stick Speed", "Stick Face Angle", "Stick Heel/Toe", "Stick Follow Through", "Stick Tempo",
+                "Stick Type", "Stick Height", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Putter", "1 Iron", "2 Iron", "3 Iron", "4 Iron", "5 Iron", "6 Iron", "7 Iron",
+                "8 Iron", "9 Iron", "10 Iron", "11 Iron", "Sand Wedge", "Loft Wedge", "Power Wedge", "1 Wood",
+                "3 Wood", "5 Wood", "7 Wood", "9 Wood", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x05)	// Game Controls
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "3D Game Controller", "Pinball Device", "Gun Device", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Point of View", "Turn Right/Left", "Pitch Forward/Backward", "Roll Right/Left", "Move Right/Left", "Move Forward/Backward", "Move Up/Down", "Lean Right/Left",
+                "Lean Forward/Backward", "Height of POV", "Flipper", "Secondary Flipper", "Bump", "New Game", "Shoot Ball", "Player",
+                "Gun Bolt", "Gun Clip", "Gun Selector", "Gun Single Shot", "Gun Burst", "Gun Automatic", "Gun Safety", "Gamepad Fire/Jump",
+                "Gamepad Trigger", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x06)	// Generic Device Controls
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Background Controls", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Battery Strength", "Wireless Channel", "Wireless ID", "Discover Wireless Control", "Security Code Character Entered", "Security Code Character Erased", "Security Code Cleared", "Sequence ID",
+                "Sequence ID Reset", "RF Signal Strength", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x07)	// Keyboard/Keypad
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Keyboard ErrorRollOver", "Keyboard POSTFail", "Keyboard ErrorUndefined", "Keyboard a and A", "Keyboard b and B", "Keyboard c and C", "Keyboard d and D",
+                "Keyboard e and E", "Keyboard f and F", "Keyboard g and G", "Keyboard h and H", "Keyboard i and I", "Keyboard j and J", "Keyboard k and K", "Keyboard l and L",
+                "Keyboard m and M", "Keyboard n and N", "Keyboard o and O", "Keyboard p and P", "Keyboard q and Q", "Keyboard r and R", "Keyboard s and S", "Keyboard t and T",
+                "Keyboard u and U", "Keyboard v and V", "Keyboard w and W", "Keyboard x and X", "Keyboard y and Y", "Keyboard z and Z", "Keyboard 1 and !", "Keyboard 2 and @",
+                "Keyboard 3 and #", "Keyboard 4 and $", "Keyboard 5 and %", "Keyboard 6 and ^", "Keyboard 7 and &", "Keyboard 8 and *", "Keyboard 9 and (", "Keyboard 0 and )",
+                "Keyboard Return (ENTER)", "Keyboard ESCAPE", "Keyboard DELETE (Backspace)", "Keyboard Tab", "Keyboard Spacebar", "Keyboard - and _", "Keyboard = and +", "Keyboard [ and {",
+                "Keyboard ] and }", "Keyboard \\ and |", "Keyboard Non-US # and ~", "Keyboard ; and :", "Keyboard ' and \"", "Keyboard Grave Accent and Tilde", "Keyboard , and <", "Keyboard . and >",
+                "Keyboard / and ?", "Keyboard Caps Lock", "Keyboard F1", "Keyboard F2", "Keyboard F3", "Keyboard F4", "Keyboard F5", "Keyboard F6",
+                "Keyboard F7", "Keyboard F8", "Keyboard F9", "Keyboard F10", "Keyboard F11", "Keyboard F12", "Keyboard PrintScreen", "Keyboard Scroll Lock",
+                "Keyboard Pause", "Keyboard Insert", "Keyboard Home", "Keyboard PageUp", "Keyboard Delete Forward", "Keyboard End", "Keyboard PageDown", "Keyboard RightArrow",
+                "Keyboard LeftArrow", "Keyboard DownArrow", "Keyboard UpArrow", "Keypad Num Lock and Clear", "Keypad /", "Keypad *", "Keypad -", "Keypad +",
+                "Keypad ENTER", "Keypad 1 and End", "Keypad 2 and Down Arrow", "Keypad 3 and PageDn", "Keypad 4 and Left Arrow", "Keypad 5", "Keypad 6 and Right Arrow", "Keypad 7 and Home",
+                "Keypad 8 and Up Arrow", "Keypad 9 and PageUp", "Keypad 0 and Insert", "Keypad . and Delete", "Keyboard Non-US \\ and |", "Keyboard Application", "Keyboard Power", "Keypad =",
+                "Keyboard F13", "Keyboard F14", "Keyboard F15", "Keyboard F16", "Keyboard F17", "Keyboard F18", "Keyboard F19", "Keyboard F20",
+                "Keyboard F21", "Keyboard F22", "Keyboard F23", "Keyboard F24", "Keyboard Execute", "Keyboard Help", "Keyboard Menu", "Keyboard Select",
+                "Keyboard Stop", "Keyboard Again", "Keyboard Undo", "Keyboard Cut", "Keyboard Copy", "Keyboard Paste", "Keyboard Find", "Keyboard Mute",
+                "Keyboard Volume Up", "Keyboard Volume Down", "Keyboard Locking Caps Lock", "Keyboard Locking Num Lock", "Keyboard Locking Scroll Lock", "Keypad Comma", "Keypad Equal Sign", "Keyboard International1",
+                "Keyboard International2", "Keyboard International3", "Keyboard International4", "Keyboard International5", "Keyboard International6", "Keyboard International7", "Keyboard International8", "Keyboard International9",
+                "Keyboard LANG1", "Keyboard LANG2", "Keyboard LANG3", "Keyboard LANG4", "Keyboard LANG5", "Keyboard LANG6", "Keyboard LANG7", "Keyboard LANG8",
+                "Keyboard LANG9", "Keyboard Alternate Erase", "Keyboard SysReq/Attention", "Keyboard Cancel", "Keyboard Clear", "Keyboard Prior", "Keyboard Return", "Keyboard Separator",
+                "Keyboard Out", "Keyboard Oper", "Keyboard Clear/Again", "Keyboard CrSel/Props", "Keyboard ExSel", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Keypad 00", "Keypad 000", "Thousands Separator", "Decimal Separator", "Currency Unit", "Currency Sub-unit", "Keypad (", "Keypad )",
+                "Keypad {", "Keypad }", "Keypad Tab", "Keypad Backspace", "Keypad A", "Keypad B", "Keypad C", "Keypad D",
+                "Keypad E", "Keypad F", "Keypad XOR", "Keypad ^", "Keypad %", "Keypad <", "Keypad >", "Keypad &",
+                "Keypad &&", "Keypad |", "Keypad ||", "Keypad :", "Keypad #", "Keypad Space", "Keypad @", "Keypad !",
+                "Keypad Memory Store", "Keypad Memory Recall", "Keypad Memory Clear", "Keypad Memory Add", "Keypad Memory Subtract", "Keypad Memory Multiply", "Keypad Memory Divide", "Keypad +/-",
+                "Keypad Clear", "Keypad Clear Entry", "Keypad Binary", "Keypad Octal", "Keypad Decimal", "Keypad Hexadecimal", 0, 0,
+                "Keyboard LeftControl", "Keyboard LeftShift", "Keyboard LeftAlt", "Keyboard Left GUI", "Keyboard RightControl", "Keyboard RightShift", "Keyboard RightAlt", "Keyboard Right GUI",
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+
+        if (usage == 0xffffffff)
+            text = _strdup("Keycodes");
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x08)	// LED
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Num Lock", "Caps Lock", "Scroll Lock", "Compose", "Kana", "Power", "Shift",
+                "Do Not Disturb", "Mute", "Tone Enable", "High Cut Filter", "Low Cut Filter", "Equalizer Enable", "Sound Field On", "Surround On",
+                "Repeat", "Stereo", "Sampling Rate Detect", "Spinning", "CAV", "CLV", "Recording Format Detect", "Off-Hook",
+                "Ring", "Message Waiting", "Data Mode", "Battery Operation", "Battery OK", "Battery Low", "Speaker", "Head Set",
+                "Hold", "Microphone", "Coverage", "Night Mode", "Send Calls", "Call Pickup", "Conference", "Stand-by",
+                "Camera On", "Camera Off", "On-Line", "Off-Line", "Busy", "Ready", "Paper-Out", "Paper-Jam",
+                "Remote", "Forward", "Reverse", "Stop", "Rewind", "Fast Forward", "Play", "Pause",
+                "Record", "Error", "Usage Selected Indicator", "Usage In Use Indicator", "Usage Multi Mode Indicator", "Indicator On", "Indicator Flash", "Indicator Slow Blink",
+                "Indicator Fast Blink", "Indicator Off", "Flash On Time", "Slow Blink On Time", "Slow Blink Off Time", "Fast Blink On Time", "Fast Blink Off Time", "Usage Indicator Color",
+                "Indicator Red", "Indicator Green", "Indicator Amber", "Generic Indicator", "System Suspend", "External Power Connected", /* "Indicator Blue", "Indicator Orange", */ "Player Indicator", "Player 1",	// Conflict between RR33 and RR47
+                /* "Good Status", "Warning Status", "RGB LED", "Red LED Channel", "Greed LED Channel", "Blue LED Channel", "LED Intensity", 0, */ "Player 2", "Player 3", "Player 4",  "Player 5",  "Player 6",  "Player 7",  "Player 8", 0,	// Conflict between RR33 and RR47
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x09)	// Button
+    {
+        if (usage > 0 && usage <= 0xffff)
+            asprintf(&text, "Button %d", usage);
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x0a)	// Ordinal
+    {
+        if (usage > 0 && usage <= 0xffff)
+            asprintf(&text, "Instance %d", usage);
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x0b)	// Telephony Device
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Phone", "Answering Machine", "Message Controls", "Handset", "Headset", "Telephony Key Pad", "Programmable Button",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Hook Switch", "Flash", "Feature", "Hold", "Redial", "Transfer", "Drop", "Park",
+                "Forward Calls", "Alternate Function", "Line", "Speaker Phone", "Conference", "Ring Enable", "Ring Select", "Phone Mute",
+                "Caller ID", "Send", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Speed Dial", "Store Number", "Recall Number", "Phone Directory", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Voice Mail", "Screen Calls", "Do Not Disturb", "Message", "Answer On/Off", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Inside Dial Tone", "Outside Dial Tone", "Inside Ring Tone", "Outside Ring Tone", "Priority Ring Tone", "Inside Ringback", "Priority Ringback", "Line Busy Tone",
+                "Reorder Tone", "Call Waiting Tone", "Confirmation Tone", "Confirmation Tone", "Tones Off", "Outside Ringback", "Ringer", 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Phone Key 0", "Phone Key 1", "Phone Key 2", "Phone Key 3", "Phone Key 4", "Phone Key 5", "Phone Key 6", "Phone Key 7",
+                "Phone Key 8", "Phone Key 9", "Phone Key Star", "Phone Key Pound", "Phone Key A", "Phone Key B", "Phone Key C", "Phone Key D",
+                "Phone Call History Key", "Phone Caller ID Key", "Phone Settings Key", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Host Control", "Host Available", "Host Call Active", "Activate Handset Audio", "Ring Type", "Re-dialable Phone Number", 0, 0,
+                "Stop Ring Tone", "PSTN Ring Tone", "Host Ring Tone", "Alert Sound Error", "Alert Sound Confirm", "Alert Sound Notification", "Silent Ring", 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Email Message Waiting", "Voicemail Message Waiting", "Host Hold", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Incoming Call History Count", "Outgoing Call History Count", "Incoming Call History", "Outgoing Call History", "Phone Locale", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Phone Time Second", "Phone Time Minute", "Phone Time Hour", "Phone Date Day", "Phone Date Month", "Phone Date Year", "Handset Nickname", "Address Book ID",
+                "Call Duration", "Dual Mode Phone", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x0c)	// Consumer
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Consumer Control", "Numeric Key Pad", "Programmable Buttons", "Microphone", "Headphone", "Graphic Equalizer", 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "+10", "+100", "AM/PM", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Power", "Reset", "Sleep", "Sleep After", "Sleep Mode", "Illumination", "Function Buttons", 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Menu", "Menu Pick", "Menu Up", "Menu Down", "Menu Left", "Menu Right", "Menu Escape", "Menu Value Increase",
+                "Menu Value Decrease", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Data On Screen", "Closed Caption", "Closed Caption Select", "VCR/TV", "Broadcast Mode", "Snapshot", "Still", "Picture-in-Picture Toggle",
+                "Picture-in-Picture Swap", "Red Menu Button", "Green Menu Button", "Blue Menu Button", "Yellow Menu Button", "Aspect", "3D Mode Select", "Display Brightness Increment",
+                "Display Brightness Decrement", "Display Brightness", "Display Backlight Toggle", "Display Set Brightness to Minimum", "Display Set Brightness to Maximum", "Display Set Auto Brightness", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, "Assign Selection", "Mode Step", "Recall Last", "Enter Channel", "Order Movie", "Channel", 0,
+                "Media Select Computer", "Media Select TV", "Media Select WWW", "Media Select DVD", "Media Select Telephone", "Media Select Program Guide", "Media Select Video Phone", "Media Select Games",
+                "Media Select Messages", "Media Select CD", "Media Select VCR", "Media Select Tuner", "Quit", "Help", "Media Select Tape", "Media Select Cable",
+                "Media Select Satellite", "Media Select Security", "Media Select Home", "Media Select Call", "Channel Increment", "Channel Decrement", "Media Select SAP", 0,
+                "VCR Plus", "Once", "Daily", "Weekly", "Monthly", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Play", "Pause", "Record", "Fast Forward", "Rewind", "Scan Next Track", "Scan Previous Track", "Stop",
+                "Eject", "Random Play", "Select Disc", "Enter Disc", "Repeat", "Tracking", "Track Normal", "Slow Tracking",
+                "Frame Forward", "Frame Back", "Mark", "Clear Mark", "Repeat From Mark", "Return To Mark", "Search Mark Forward", "Search Mark Backwards",
+                "Counter Reset", "Show Counter", "Tracking Increment", "Tracking Decrement", "Stop/Eject", "Play/Pause", "Play/Skip", "Voice Command",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Volume", "Balance", "Mute", "Bass", "Treble", "Bass Boost", "Surround Mode", "Loudness",
+                "MPX", "Volume Increment", "Volume Decrement", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Speed Select", "Playback Speed", "Standard Play", "Long Play", "Extended Play", "Slow", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Fan Enable", "Fan Speed", "Light Enable", "Light Illumination Level", "Climate Control Enable", "Room Temperature", "Security Enable", "Fire Alarm",
+                "Police Alarm", "Proximity", "Motion", "Duress Alarm", "Holdup Alarm", "Medical Alarm", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Balance Right", "Balance Left", "Bass Increment", "Bass Decrement", "Treble Increment", "Treble Decrement", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Speaker System", "Channel Left", "Channel Right", "Channel Center", "Channel Front", "Channel Center Front", "Channel Side", "Channel Surround",
+                "Channel Low Frequency Enhancement", "Channel Top", "Channel Unknown", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Sub-channel", "Sub-channel Increment", "Sub-channel Decrement", "Alternate Audio Increment", "Alternate Audio Decrement", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Application Launch Buttons", "AL Launch Button Configuration Tool", "AL Programmable Button Configuration", "AL Consumer Control Configuration", "AL Word Processor", "AL Text Editor", "AL Spreadsheet", "AL Graphics Editor",
+                "AL Presentation App", "AL Database App", "AL Email Reader", "AL Newsreader", "AL Voicemail", "AL Contacts/Address Book", "AL Calendar/Schedule", "AL Task/Project Manager",
+                "AL Log/Journal/Timecard", "AL Checkbook/Finance", "AL Calculator", "AL A/V Capture/Playback", "AL Local Machine Browser", "AL LAN/WAN Browser", "AL Internet Browser", "AL Remote Networking/ISP Connect",
+                "AL Network Conference", "AL Network Chat", "AL Telephony/Dialer", "AL Logon", "AL Logoff", "AL Logon/Logoff", "AL Terminal Lock/Screensaver", "AL Control Panel",
+                "AL Command Line Processor/Run", "AL Process/Task Manager", "AL Select Task/Application", "AL Next Task/Application", "AL Previous Task/Application", "AL Preemptive Halt Task/Application", "AL Integrated Help Center", "AL Documents",
+                "AL Thesaurus", "AL Dictionary", "AL Desktop", "AL Spell Check", "AL Grammar Check", "AL Wireless Status", "AL Keyboard Layout", "AL Virus Protection",
+                "AL Encryption", "AL Screen Saver", "AL Alarms", "AL Clock", "AL File Browser", "AL Power Status", "AL Image Browser", "AL Audio Browser",
+                "AL Movie Browser", "AL Digital Rights Manager", "AL Digital Wallet", 0, "AL Instant Messaging", "AL OEM Features/Tips/Tutorial Browser", "AL OEM Help", "AL Online Community",
+                "AL Entertainment Content Browser", "AL Online Shopping Browser", "AL SmartCard Information/Help", "AL Market Monitor/Finance Browser", "AL Customized Corporate News Browser", "AL Online Activity Browser", "AL Research/Search Browser", "AL Audio Player",
+                "AL Message Status", "AL Contact Sync", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Generic GUI Application Controls", "AC New", "AC Open", "AC Close", "AC Exit", "AC Maximize", "AC Minimize", "AC Save",
+                "AC Print", "AC Properties", "AC Undo", "AC Copy", "AC Cut", "AC Paste", "AC Select All", "AC Find",
+                "AC Find and Replace", "AC Search", "AC Go To", "AC Home", "AC Back", "AC Forward", "AC Stop", "AC Refresh",
+                "AC Previous Link", "AC Next Link", "AC Bookmarks", "AC History", "AC Subscriptions", "AC Zoom In", "AC Zoom Out", "AC Zoom",
+                "AC Full Screen View", "AC Normal View", "AC View Toggle", "AC Scroll Up", "AC Scroll Down", "AC Scroll", "AC Pan Left", "AC Pan Right",
+                "AC Pan", "AC New Window", "AC Tile Horizontally", "AC Tile Vertically", "AC Format", "AC Edit", "AC Bold", "AC Italics",
+                "AC Underline", "AC Strikethrough", "AC Subscript", "AC Superscript", "AC All Caps", "AC Rotate", "AC Resize", "AC Flip horizontal",
+                "AC Flip Vertical", "AC Mirror Horizontal", "AC Mirror Vertical", "AC Font Select", "AC Font Color", "AC Font Size", "AC Justify Left", "AC Justify Center H",
+                "AC Justify Right", "AC Justify Block H", "AC Justify Top", "AC Justify Center V", "AC Justify Bottom", "AC Justify Block V", "AC Indent Decrease", "AC Indent Increase",
+                "AC Numbered List", "AC Restart Numbering", "AC Bulleted List", "AC Promote", "AC Demote", "AC Yes", "AC No", "AC Cancel",
+                "AC Catalog", "AC Buy/Checkout", "AC Add to Cart", "AC Expand", "AC Expand All", "AC Collapse", "AC Collapse All", "AC Print Preview",
+                "AC Paste Special", "AC Insert Mode", "AC Delete", "AC Lock", "AC Unlock", "AC Protect", "AC Unprotect", "AC Attach Comment",
+                "AC Delete Comment", "AC View Comment", "AC Select Word", "AC Select Sentence", "AC Select Paragraph", "AC Select Column", "AC Select Row", "AC Select Table",
+                "AC Select Object", "AC Redo/Repeat", "AC Sort", "AC Sort Ascending", "AC Sort Descending", "AC Filter", "AC Set Clock", "AC View Clock",
+                "AC Select Time Zone", "AC Edit Time Zones", "AC Set Alarm", "AC Clear Alarm", "AC Snooze Alarm", "AC Reset Alarm", "AC Synchronize", "AC Send/Receive",
+                "AC Send To", "AC Reply", "AC Reply All", "AC Forward Msg", "AC Send", "AC Attach File", "AC Upload", "AC Download (Save Target As)",
+                "AC Set Borders", "AC Insert Row", "AC Insert Column", "AC Insert File", "AC Insert Picture", "AC Insert Object", "AC Insert Symbol", "AC Save and Close",
+                "AC Rename", "AC Merge", "AC Split", "AC Distribute Horizontally", "AC Distribute Vertically", 0, 0, 0,
+                "AC Soft Key Left", "AC Soft Key Right", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "AC Idle Keep Alive", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Extended Keyboard Attributes Collection", "Keyboard Form Factor", "Keyboard Key Type", "Keyboard Physical Layout", "Vendor-Specific Keyboard Physical Layout", "Keyboard IETF Language Tag Index", "Implemented Keyboard Input Assist Controls", "Keyboard Input Assist Previous",
+                "Keyboard Input Assist Next", "Keyboard Input Assist Previous Group", "Keyboard Input Assist Next Group", "Keyboard Input Assist Accept", "Keyboard Input Assist Cancel", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Contact Edited", "Contact Added", "Contact Record Active", "Contact Index", "Contact Nickname", "Contact First Name", "Contact Last Name", "Contact Full Name",
+                "Contact Phone Number Personal", "Contact Phone Number Business", "Contact Phone Number Mobile", "Contact Phone Number Pager", "Contact Phone Number Fax", "Contact Phone Number Other", "Contact Email Personal", "Contact Email Business",
+                "Contact Email Other", "Contact Email Main", "Contact Speed Dial Number", "Contact Status Flag", "Contact Misc.", 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x0d)	// Digitizers
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Digitizer", "Pen", "Light Pen", "Touch Screen", "Touch Pad", "White Board", "Coordinate Measuring",
+                "3D Digitizer", "Stereo Plotter", "Articulated Arm", "Armature", "Multiple Point Digitizer", "Free Space Wand", "Device configuration", 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Stylus", "Puck", "Finger", "Device settings", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Tip Pressure", "Barrel Pressure", "In Range", "Touch", "Untouch", "Tap", "Quality", "Data Valid",
+                "Transducer Index", "Tablet Function Keys", "Program Change Keys", "Battery Strength", "Invert", "X Tilt", "Y Tilt", "Azimuth",
+                "Altitude", "Twist", "Tip Switch", "Secondary Tip Switch", "Barrel Switch", "Eraser", "Tablet Pick", "Touch Valid",
+                "Width", "Height", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, "Contact identifier", "Device mode", "Device identifier", "Contact count", "Contact count maximum", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, "Secondary Barrel Switch", "Transducer Serial Number", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x14)	// Alphanumeric Display / Auxiliary Display
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Alphanumeric Display", "Bitmapped/Auxiliary Display", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Display Attributes Report", "ASCII Character Set", "Data Read Back", "Font Read Back", "Display Control Report", "Clear Display", "Display Enable", "Screen Saver Delay",
+                "Screen Saver Enable", "Vertical Scroll", "Horizontal Scroll", "Character Report", "Display Data", "Display Status", "Stat Not Ready", "Stat Ready",
+                "Err Not a loadable character", "Err Font data cannot be read", "Cursor Position Report", "Row", "Column", "Rows", "Columns", "Cursor Pixel Positioning",
+                "Cursor Mode", "Cursor Enable", "Cursor Blink", "Font Report", "Font Data", "Character Width", "Character Height", "Character Spacing Horizontal",
+                "Character Spacing Vertical", "Unicode Character Set", "Font 7-Segment", "7-Segment Direct Map", "Font 14-Segment", "14-Segment Direct Map", "Display Brightness", "Display Contrast",
+                "Character Attribute", "Attribute Readback", "Attribute Data", "Char Attr Enhance", "Char Attr Underline", "Char Attr Blink", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Bitmap Size X", "Bitmap Size Y", "Max Blit Size", "Bit Depth Format", "Display Orientation", "Palette Report", "Palette Data Size", "Palette Data Offset",
+                "Palette Data", "Blit Report", "Blit Rectangle X1", "Blit Rectangle Y1", "Blit Rectangle X2", "Blit Rectangle Y2", "Blit Data", "Soft Button",
+                "Soft Button ID", "Soft Button Side", "Soft Button Offset 1", "Soft Button Offset 2", "Soft Button Report", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, "Soft Keys", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, "Display Data Extensions", 0, 0, "Character Mapping",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "Unicode Equivalent", 0, "Character Page Mapping",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "Request Report",
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x20)	// Sensor
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Sensor", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Biometric", "Biometric: Human Presence", "Biometric: Human Proximity", "Biometric: Human Touch", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Electrical", "Electrical: Capacitance", "Electrical: Current", "Electrical: Power", "Electrical: Inductance", "Electrical: Resistance", "Electrical: Voltage", "Electrical: Potentiometer",
+                "Electrical: Frequency", "Electrical: Period", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Environmental", "Environmental: Atmospheric Pressure", "Environmental: Humidity", "Environmental: Temperature", "Environmental: Wind Direction", "Environmental: Wind Speed", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Light", "Light: Ambient Light", "Light: Consumer Infrared", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Location", "Location: Broadcast", "Location: Dead Reckoning", "Location: GPS (Global Positioning System)", "Location: Lookup", "Location: Other", "Location: Static", "Location: Triangulation",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Mechanical", "Mechanical: Boolean Switch", "Mechanical: Boolean Switch Array", "Mechanical: Multivalue Switch", "Mechanical: Force", "Mechanical: Pressure", "Mechanical: Strain", "Mechanical: Weight",
+                "Mechanical: Haptic Vibrator", "Mechanical: Hall Effect Switch", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Motion", "Motion: Accelerometer 1D", "Motion: Accelerometer 2D", "Motion: Accelerometer 3D", "Motion: Gyrometer 1D", "Motion: Gyrometer 2D", "Motion: Gyrometer 3D", "Motion: Motion Detector",
+                "Motion: Speedometer", "Motion: Accelerometer", "Motion: Gyrometer", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Orientation", "Orientation: Compass 1D", "Orientation: Compass 2D", "Orientation: Compass 3D", "Orientation: Inclinometer 1D", "Orientation: Inclinometer 2D", "Orientation: Inclinometer 3D", "Orientation: Distance 1D",
+                "Orientation: Distance 2D", "Orientation: Distance 3D", "Orientation: Device Orientation", "Orientation: Compass", "Orientation: Inclinometer", "Orientation: Distance", 0, 0,
+                "Scanner", "Scanner: Barcode", "Scanner: RFID", "Scanner: NFC", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Time", "Time: Alarm Timer", "Time: Real Time Clock", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Other", "Other: Custom", "Other: Generic", "Other: Generic Enumerator", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        uint32_t usageWithoutModifier = usage & 0xff;
+        text = usageWithoutModifier < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usageWithoutModifier] ? _strdup(lookup[usageWithoutModifier]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x40)	// Medical Instrument
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "Medical Ultrasound", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "VCR/Acquisition", "Freeze/Thaw", "Clip Store", "Update", "Next", "Save", "Print", "Microphone Enable",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Cine", "Transmit Power", "Volume", "Focus", "Depth", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Soft Step - Primary", "Soft Step - Secondary", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Depth Gain Compensation", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Zoom Select", "Zoom Adjust", "Spectral Doppler Mode Select", "Spectral Doppler Adjust", "Color Doppler Mode Select", "Color Doppler Adjust", "Motion Mode Select", "Motion Mode Adjust",
+                "2-D Mode Select", "2-D Mode Adjust", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Soft Control Select", "Soft Control Adjust", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x84)	// Power Device
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "iName", "PresentStatus", "ChangedStatus", "UPS", "PowerSupply", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "BatterySystem", "BatterySystemID", "Battery", "BatteryID", "Charger", "ChargerID", "PowerConverter", "PowerConverterID",
+                "OutletSystem", "OutletSystemID", "Input", "InputID", "Output", "OutputID", "Flow", "FlowID",
+                "Outlet", "OutletID", "Gang", "GangID", "Sink", "SinkID", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Voltage", "Current", "Frequency", "ApparentPower", "ActivePower", "PercentLoad", "Temperature", "Humidity",
+                "BadCount", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "ConfigVoltage", "ConfigCurrent", "ConfigFrequency", "ConfigApparentPower", "ConfigActivePower", "ConfigPercentLoad", "ConfigTemperature", "ConfigHumidity",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "SwitchOnControl", "SwitchOffControl", "ToggleControl", "LowVoltageTransfer", "HighVoltageTransfer", "DelayBeforeReboot", "DelayBeforeStartup", "DelayBeforeShutdown",
+                "Test", "ModuleReset", "AudibleAlarmControl", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Present", "Good", "InternalFailure", "VoltageOutOfRange", "FrequencyOutOfRange", "Overload", "OverCharged", "OverTemperature",
+                "ShutdownRequested", "ShutdownImminent", 0, "SwitchOn/Off", "Switchable", "Used", "Boost", "Buck",
+                "Initialized", "Tested", "AwaitingPower", "CommunicationLost", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, "iManufacturer", "iProduct", "iSerialNumber",
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x85)	// Battery System
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "SMBBatteryMode", "SMBBatteryStatus", "SMBAlarmWarning", "SMBChargerMode", "SMBChargerStatus", "SMBChargerSpecInfo", "SMBSelectorState",
+                "SMBSelectorPresets", "SMBSelectorInfo", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "OptionalMfgFunction1", "OptionalMfgFunction2", "OptionalMfgFunction3", "OptionalMfgFunction4", "OptionalMfgFunction5", "ConnectionToSMBus", "OutputConnection", "ChargerConnection",
+                "BatteryInsertion", "Usenext", "OKToUse", "BatterySupported", "SelectorRevision", "ChargingIndicator", 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "ManufacturerAccess", "RemainingCapacityLimit", "RemainingTimeLimit", "AtRate", "CapacityMode", "BroadcastToCharger", "PrimaryBattery", "ChargeController",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "TerminateCharge", "TerminateDischarge", "BelowRemainingCapacityLimit", "RemainingTimeLimitExpired", "Charging", "Discharging", "FullyCharged", "FullyDischarged",
+                "ConditioningFlag", "AtRateOK", "SMBErrorCode", "NeedReplacement", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "AtRateTimeToFull", "AtRateTimeToEmpty", "AverageCurrent", "Maxerror", "RelativeStateOfCharge", "AbsoluteStateOfCharge", "RemainingCapacity", "FullChargeCapacity",
+                "RunTimeToEmpty", "AverageTimeToEmpty", "AverageTimeToFull", "CycleCount", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "BattPackModelLevel", "InternalChargeController", "PrimaryBatterySupport", "DesignCapacity", "SpecificationInfo", "ManufacturerDate", "SerialNumber", "iManufacturerName",
+                "iDevicename", "iDeviceChemistry", "ManufacturerData", "Rechargeable", "WarningCapacityLimit", "CapacityGranularity1", "CapacityGranularity2", "iOEMInformation",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "InhibitCharge", "EnablePolling", "ResetToZero", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "ACPresent", "BatteryPresent", "PowerFail", "AlarmInhibited", "ThermistorUnderRange", "ThermistorHot", "ThermistorCold", "ThermistorOverRange",
+                "VoltageOutOfRange", "CurrentOutOfRange", "CurrentNotRegulated", "VoltageNotRegulated", "MasterMode", 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "ChargerSelectorSupport", "ChargerSpec", "Level2", "Level3", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0x90)	// Camera Control
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Camera Auto-focus", "Camera Shutter", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0xff)	// Fn key on Apple Keyboards
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, 0, 0, "Fn key", 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage == 0xf1d0)	// Fast IDentity Online Alliance
+    {
+        char *lookup[] = {
+                0, "U2F Authenticator Device", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                "Input Report Data", "Output Report Data", 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+        };
+        text = usage < sizeof(lookup)/sizeof(char *) ? (lookup[usage] ? _strdup(lookup[usage]) : 0) : 0;
+    }
+
+    else if (usagePage >= 0xff00 && usagePage <= 0xffff)
+        asprintf(&text, "Vendor-defined (%04x:%04x)", usagePage, usage);
+
+    if (!text)
+        asprintf(&text, "Unknown (%04x:%04x)", usagePage, usage);
+
+    return text;
+}
diff --git a/external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.h b/external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a6ac1a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#ifndef USB_HID_USAGE_H
+#define USB_HID_USAGE_H
+
+char* usb_hid_get_usage_text(uint32_t usagePage, uint32_t usage);
+
+#endif //USB_HID_USAGE_H
diff --git a/games/bbc/bbc.cpp b/games/bbc/bbc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d2ca6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bbc/bbc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "bbc.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+
+namespace games::bbc {
+
+    BBCGame::BBCGame() : Game("Bishi Bashi Channel") {
+    }
+
+    void BBCGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(new games::shared::LCDHandle());
+
+        // window patch
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+            unsigned char pattern[] = {
+                    0x48, 0x8D, 0x54, 0x24, 0x40, 0x41, 0x8D, 0x4E, 0x20, 0x41, 0x0F, 0xB6, 0xE8
+            };
+            unsigned char replace[] = {
+                    0x48, 0x8D, 0x54, 0x24, 0x40, 0x41, 0x8D, 0x4E, 0x20, 0x31, 0xED, 0x90, 0x90
+            };
+            std::string mask = "XXXXXXXXXXXXX";
+            if (!replace_pattern(
+                    avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE,
+                    pattern,
+                    mask.c_str(),
+                    0,
+                    0,
+                    replace,
+                    mask.c_str()))
+                log_warning("bbc", "windowed mode failed");
+        }
+    }
+
+
+}
diff --git a/games/bbc/bbc.h b/games/bbc/bbc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3392cd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bbc/bbc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::bbc {
+
+    class BBCGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        BBCGame();
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/bbc/io.cpp b/games/bbc/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93234e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bbc/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::bbc::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Bishi Bashi Channel");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "P1 R",
+                "P1 G",
+                "P1 B",
+                "P1 Disk-",
+                "P1 Disk+",
+                "P1 Disk -/+ Slowdown",
+                "P2 R",
+                "P2 G",
+                "P2 B",
+                "P2 Disk-",
+                "P2 Disk+",
+                "P2 Disk -/+ Slowdown",
+                "P3 R",
+                "P3 G",
+                "P3 B",
+                "P3 Disk-",
+                "P3 Disk+",
+                "P3 Disk -/+ Slowdown",
+                "P4 R",
+                "P4 G",
+                "P4 B",
+                "P4 Disk-",
+                "P4 Disk+",
+                "P4 Disk -/+ Slowdown"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::bbc::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Bishi Bashi Channel");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "P1 Disk",
+                "P2 Disk",
+                "P3 Disk",
+                "P4 Disk"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::bbc::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Bishi Bashi Channel");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "P1 R",
+                "P1 B",
+                "P1 Disc R",
+                "P1 Disc G",
+                "P1 Disc B",
+                "P2 R",
+                "P2 B",
+                "P2 Disc R",
+                "P2 Disc G",
+                "P2 Disc B",
+                "P3 R",
+                "P3 B",
+                "P3 Disc R",
+                "P3 Disc G",
+                "P3 Disc B",
+                "P4 R",
+                "P4 B",
+                "P4 Disc R",
+                "P4 Disc G",
+                "P4 Disc B",
+                "IC Card R",
+                "IC Card G",
+                "IC Card B",
+                "Under LED1 R",
+                "Under LED1 G",
+                "Under LED1 B",
+                "Under LED2 R",
+                "Under LED2 G",
+                "Under LED2 B",
+                "Under LED3 R",
+                "Under LED3 G",
+                "Under LED3 B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/bbc/io.h b/games/bbc/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2153f51
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bbc/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::bbc {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            P1_R,
+            P1_G,
+            P1_B,
+            P1_DiskMinus,
+            P1_DiskPlus,
+            P1_DiskSlowdown,
+            P2_R,
+            P2_G,
+            P2_B,
+            P2_DiskMinus,
+            P2_DiskPlus,
+            P2_DiskSlowdown,
+            P3_R,
+            P3_G,
+            P3_B,
+            P3_DiskMinus,
+            P3_DiskPlus,
+            P3_DiskSlowdown,
+            P4_R,
+            P4_G,
+            P4_B,
+            P4_DiskMinus,
+            P4_DiskPlus,
+            P4_DiskSlowdown,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            P1_Disk,
+            P2_Disk,
+            P3_Disk,
+            P4_Disk,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            P1_R,
+            P1_B,
+            P1_DISC_R,
+            P1_DISC_G,
+            P1_DISC_B,
+            P2_R,
+            P2_B,
+            P2_DISC_R,
+            P2_DISC_G,
+            P2_DISC_B,
+            P3_R,
+            P3_B,
+            P3_DISC_R,
+            P3_DISC_G,
+            P3_DISC_B,
+            P4_R,
+            P4_B,
+            P4_DISC_R,
+            P4_DISC_G,
+            P4_DISC_B,
+            IC_CARD_R,
+            IC_CARD_G,
+            IC_CARD_B,
+            UNDER_LED1_R,
+            UNDER_LED1_G,
+            UNDER_LED1_B,
+            UNDER_LED2_R,
+            UNDER_LED2_G,
+            UNDER_LED2_B,
+            UNDER_LED3_R,
+            UNDER_LED3_G,
+            UNDER_LED3_B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/bc/bc.cpp b/games/bc/bc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4e0280b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bc/bc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "bc.h"
+
+#include "hooks/setupapihook.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "acio2emu/handle.h"
+#include "acioemu/handle.h"
+#include "node.h"
+
+namespace games::bc {
+    void BCGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        setupapihook_init(libutils::load_library("libaio.dll"));
+
+        SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings {};
+        const char hwid[] = "USB\\VID_1CCF&PID_8050\\0000";
+        memcpy(settings.property_hardwareid, hwid, sizeof(hwid));
+        const char comport[] = "COM3";
+        memcpy(settings.interface_detail, comport, sizeof(comport));
+        setupapihook_add(settings);
+
+        auto iob = new acio2emu::IOBHandle(L"COM3");
+        iob->register_node(std::make_unique<TBSNode>());
+
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(iob);
+        devicehook_add(new acioemu::ACIOHandle(L"COM1"));
+    }
+
+    void BCGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        devicehook_dispose();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/bc/bc.h b/games/bc/bc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..16fa1a0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bc/bc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::bc {
+    class BCGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        BCGame() : Game("Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor") {}
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/bc/io.cpp b/games/bc/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13163bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bc/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::bc::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+            &buttons,
+            "Service",
+            "Test",
+            "Up",
+            "Down",
+            "Left",
+            "Right",
+            "Joystick Button",
+            "Trigger 1",
+            "Trigger 2",
+            "Button 1",
+            "Button 2",
+            "Button 3",
+            "Button 4"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::bc::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Stick X",
+                "Stick Y"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/bc/io.h b/games/bc/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cc7aba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bc/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::bc {
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Up,
+            Down,
+            Left,
+            Right,
+            JoystickButton,
+            Trigger1,
+            Trigger2,
+            Button1,
+            Button2,
+            Button3,
+            Button4,
+        };
+    }
+
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            StickX,
+            StickY,
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+}
diff --git a/games/bc/node.h b/games/bc/node.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1cc6216
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bc/node.h
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "io.h"
+
+#include "acio2emu/firmware/bi2x.h"
+
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace games::bc {
+    class TBSNode : public acio2emu::firmware::BI2XNode {
+    private:
+        uint8_t coins_ = 0;
+
+    public:
+        void read_firmware_version(std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+            static constexpr uint8_t ver[] = {
+                0x0D, 0x06, 0x00, 0x01, 
+                0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x08, 
+                0x42, 0x49, 0x32, 0x58, 
+                0x01, 0x94, 0xF1, 0x8E,
+                0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x0B, 
+                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 
+                0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                0xA8, 0x24, 0x8E, 0xE2,
+            };
+
+            buffer.insert(buffer.end(), ver, &ver[sizeof(ver)]);
+        }
+
+        bool read_input(std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer) {
+            auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+            auto &analogs = get_analogs();
+            coins_ += eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+            
+            buffer.reserve(buffer.size() + 10);
+            buffer.push_back(0);
+            buffer.push_back(0);
+            buffer.push_back(coins_);
+
+            uint8_t b = 0;
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Test])) {
+                b |= 1;
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Service])) {
+                b |= (1 << 2);
+            }
+            buffer.push_back(b);
+
+            buffer.push_back(0);
+
+            int16_t joy = INT16_MAX;
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Left])) {
+                joy += INT16_MAX;
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Right])) {
+                joy -= INT16_MAX;
+            }
+            if (analogs[Analogs::StickX].isSet()) {
+                joy = 65535 - (uint16_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::StickX]) * 65535);
+            }
+            buffer.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(joy >> 8));
+            buffer.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(joy));
+
+            joy = INT16_MAX;
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Down])) {
+                joy += INT16_MAX;
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Up])) {
+                joy -= INT16_MAX;
+            }
+            if (analogs[Analogs::StickY].isSet()) {
+                joy = 65535 - (uint16_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::StickY]) * 65535);
+            }
+            buffer.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(joy >> 8));
+            buffer.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(joy));
+
+            b = 0;
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::JoystickButton])) {
+                b |= 1;
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Trigger1])) {
+                b |= (1 << 1);
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Trigger2])) {
+                b |= (1 << 2);
+            } 
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button1])) {
+                b |= (1 << 3);
+            } 
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button2])) {
+                b |= (1 << 4);
+            } 
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button3])) {
+                b |= (1 << 5);
+            } 
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button4])) {
+                b |= (1 << 6);
+            } 
+            buffer.push_back(b);
+
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        int write_output(std::span<const uint8_t> buffer) {
+            return 8;
+        }
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/bs/bs.cpp b/games/bs/bs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fd9425
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bs/bs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "bs.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace games::bs {
+
+    BSGame::BSGame() : Game("Beatstream") {
+    }
+
+    inline bool touchscreen_has_bug() {
+
+        // get devices
+        auto devices = RI_MGR->devices_get();
+        for (auto &device : devices) {
+
+            // filter by HID
+            if (device.type == rawinput::HID) {
+                auto &hid = device.hidInfo;
+                auto &attributes = hid->attributes;
+
+                // P2314T
+                // it apparently cannot do holds using Beatstream's wintouch code
+                if (attributes.VendorID == 0x2149 && attributes.ProductID == 0x2316)
+                    return true;
+
+                // P2418HT
+                // it apparently cannot do holds using Beatstream's wintouch code
+                if (attributes.VendorID == 0x1FD2 && attributes.ProductID == 0x6103)
+                    return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // looks all clean
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void BSGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // for bugged touch screens
+        if (touchscreen_has_bug()) {
+            log_info("bs", "detected bugged touchscreen, forcing wintouchemu");
+            wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
+        }
+
+        // for mouse support
+        wintouchemu::hook("BeatStream", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/bs/bs.h b/games/bs/bs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eb0782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bs/bs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::bs {
+
+    class BSGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        BSGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/bs/io.cpp b/games/bs/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57f4d9d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bs/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::bs::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Beatstream");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::bs::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Beatstream");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Bottom R",
+                "Bottom G",
+                "Bottom B",
+                "Left R",
+                "Left G",
+                "Left B",
+                "Right R",
+                "Right G",
+                "Right B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/bs/io.h b/games/bs/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f55f2e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/bs/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::bs {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            BottomR,
+            BottomG,
+            BottomB,
+            LeftR,
+            LeftG,
+            LeftB,
+            RightR,
+            RightG,
+            RightB,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/ccj/bi2x_hook.cpp b/games/ccj/bi2x_hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..03ec5a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/bi2x_hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,624 @@
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "util/tapeled.h"
+
+namespace games::ccj {
+
+    /*
+     * class definitions
+     */
+
+    struct AIO_SCI_COMM {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2 {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO {
+        uint8_t data[0xA3];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__INPUTDATA {
+        uint8_t data[247];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__OUTPUTDATA {
+        uint8_t data[48];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS__INPUT {
+        uint8_t DevIoCounter;
+        uint8_t bExIoAErr;
+        uint8_t bExIoBErr;
+        uint8_t bPcPowerOn;
+        uint8_t bPcPowerCheck;
+        uint8_t CoinCount;
+        uint8_t bTest;
+        uint8_t bService;
+        uint8_t bCoinSw;
+        uint8_t bCoinJam;
+        uint8_t bHPDetect;
+        uint16_t StickY;
+        uint16_t StickX;
+        uint8_t bStickBtn;
+        uint8_t bTrigger1;
+        uint8_t bTrigger2;
+        uint8_t bButton0;
+        uint8_t bButton1;
+        uint8_t bButton2;
+        uint8_t bButton3;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS__DEVSTATUS {
+        uint8_t InputCounter;
+        uint8_t OutputCounter;
+        uint8_t IoResetCounter;
+        uint8_t TapeLedCounter;
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS__INPUT Input;
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__INPUTDATA InputData;
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__OUTPUTDATA OutputData;
+    };
+
+    static void write_iccr_led(Lights::ccj_lights_t light, uint8_t value);
+
+    /*
+     * typedefs
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    typedef AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr, uint32_t i_DevId);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl,
+                                                                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS__DEVSTATUS *o_DevStatus);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_bfIoReset);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_bfIoReset);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_Count);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_Count);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Slot,
+                                                                   bool i_bOpen);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Counter,
+                                                           uint32_t i_Count);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Amp,
+                                                             uint32_t i_Volume);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, bool i_bEnable);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, bool i_bOn);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, bool i_bOn);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_RGB);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_RGB);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_TapeLed, uint8_t *i_pData);
+    typedef AIO_SCI_COMM* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t)(uint32_t i_SerialNumber);
+    typedef AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t)(uint32_t i_SerialNumber,
+                                                                                     uint32_t i_bfIob);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm);
+    typedef int32_t (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t)(int32_t i_State);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t)(int32_t i_State);
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    typedef AIO_NMGR_IOB2* (__fastcall *aioNMgrIob2_Create_t)(AIO_SCI_COMM *i_pSci, uint32_t i_bfMode);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl,
+                                                        AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO *o_NodeInfo);
+
+    // libaio.dll
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr);
+    typedef int32_t (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_GetState_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_IsReady_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_IsError_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl);
+    typedef int32_t (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_GetState_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_IsReady_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_IsError_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State);
+
+    /*
+     * function pointers
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData_t aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    static aioNMgrIob2_Create_t aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_t aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_t aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // libaio.dll
+    static aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_GetState_t aioNodeMgr_GetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_IsReady_t aioNodeMgr_IsReady_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_IsError_t aioNodeMgr_IsError_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_GetState_t aioNodeCtl_GetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_IsReady_t aioNodeCtl_IsReady_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_IsError_t aioNodeCtl_IsError_orig = nullptr;
+
+    /*
+     * variables
+     */
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM *aioSciComm;
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *aioNmgrIob2;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *aioIob2Bi2xTbs;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm;
+
+    static uint8_t count = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * implementations
+     */
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create(
+        AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr, uint32_t i_DevId) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob2) {
+            log_info("bi2x_hook", "node created");
+            aioIob2Bi2xTbs = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS;
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTbs;
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create_orig(i_pNodeMgr, i_DevId);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS__DEVSTATUS *o_DevStatus) {
+
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus_orig(i_pNodeCtl, o_DevStatus);
+        }
+
+        memset(o_DevStatus, 0x00, sizeof(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS__DEVSTATUS));
+
+        o_DevStatus->Input.DevIoCounter = count;
+        count++;
+
+        o_DevStatus->Input.StickX = 32768;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.StickY = 32768;
+
+        auto &analogs = get_analogs();
+        if (analogs[Analogs::Joystick_X].isSet() || analogs[Analogs::Joystick_Y].isSet()) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.StickX =
+                65535 - (uint16_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::Joystick_X]) * 65535);
+            o_DevStatus->Input.StickY =
+                65535 - (uint16_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::Joystick_Y]) * 65535);
+        }
+
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Test]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bTest = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Service]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bService = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::CoinMech]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bCoinSw = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Joystick_Up]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.StickY = 65535;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Joystick_Down]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.StickY = 0;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Joystick_Left]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.StickX = 65535;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Joystick_Right]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.StickX = 0;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button_Dash]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bTrigger1 = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button_Special]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bButton0 = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button_Action]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bButton1 = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button_Jump]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bButton2 = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Button_Slide]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bButton3 = 1;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Headphones]))
+            o_DevStatus->Input.bHPDetect = 1;
+
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CoinCount = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_bfIoReset) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_bfIoReset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_bfIoReset) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset(i_pNodeCtl, i_bfIoReset);
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_bfIoReset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_Count) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_Count) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer(i_pNodeCtl, i_Count);
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Slot, bool i_bOpen) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            eamuse_coin_set_block(!i_bOpen);
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Slot, i_bOpen);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Counter, uint32_t i_Count) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs && i_Count == 0) {
+            eamuse_coin_set_stock((uint16_t) i_Count);
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Counter, i_Count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Amp, uint32_t i_Volume) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Amp, i_Volume);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, bool i_bEnable) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_bEnable);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, bool i_bOn) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_bOn);
+        }
+
+        // handle ir led
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, bool i_bOn) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_bOn);
+        }
+
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(Lights::SpecialButton), (i_bOn ? 1.f : 0.f));
+    }
+
+    static void write_iccr_led(Lights::ccj_lights_t light, uint8_t value) {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(light), value / 255);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_RGB) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_RGB);
+        }
+
+        write_iccr_led(Lights::CardReader_B, i_RGB);
+        write_iccr_led(Lights::CardReader_G, i_RGB >> 8);
+        write_iccr_led(Lights::CardReader_R, i_RGB >> 16);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_RGB) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_RGB);
+        }
+
+        // handle stick led
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_TapeLed, uint8_t *i_pData) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_TapeLed, i_pData);
+        }
+
+        /*
+         * index mapping
+         * 0 - title panel - 144 bytes - 48 colors
+         * 1 - side panel - 147 bytes - 49 colors
+         *
+         * data is stored in RGB order, 3 bytes per color
+         *
+         * TODO: expose this data via API
+         */
+        static struct TapeLedMapping {
+            size_t data_size;
+            int r, g, b;
+
+            TapeLedMapping(size_t data_size, int r, int g, int b)
+                : data_size(data_size), r(r), g(g), b(b) {}
+
+        } mapping[] = {
+            { 48, Lights::TitlePanel_R, Lights::TitlePanel_G, Lights::TitlePanel_B },
+            { 49, Lights::SidePanel_R, Lights::SidePanel_G, Lights::SidePanel_B },
+        };
+
+        if (tapeledutils::is_enabled() && i_TapeLed < std::size(mapping)) {
+            auto &map = mapping[i_TapeLed];
+
+            // pick a color to use
+            const auto rgb = tapeledutils::pick_color_from_led_tape(i_pData, map.data_size);
+
+            // program the lights into API
+            auto &lights = get_lights();
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.r], rgb.r);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.g], rgb.g);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.b], rgb.b);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc(uint32_t i_SerialNumber) {
+        aioSciComm = new AIO_SCI_COMM;
+        return aioSciComm;
+    }
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext(
+        uint32_t i_SerialNumber, uint32_t i_bfIob) {
+
+        aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM;
+        return aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm) {
+        if (i_pWrFirm == aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm) {
+            delete aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm;
+            aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig(i_pWrFirm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm) {
+        if (i_pWrFirm == aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm) {
+            return 8;
+        } else {
+            return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig(i_pWrFirm);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted(int32_t i_State) {
+        if (aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm != nullptr)
+            return true;
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig(i_State);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError(int32_t i_State) {
+        if (aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm != nullptr)
+            return false;
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig(i_State);
+    }
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2* __fastcall aioNMgrIob2_Create(AIO_SCI_COMM *i_pSci, uint32_t i_bfMode) {
+        if (i_pSci == aioSciComm) {
+            aioNmgrIob2 = new AIO_NMGR_IOB2;
+            return aioNmgrIob2;
+        } else {
+            return aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig(i_pSci, i_bfMode);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNMgrIob_BeginManage(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob2) {
+        } else {
+            return aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_orig(i_pNodeMgr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo(
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO *o_NodeInfo) {
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            memset(o_NodeInfo, 0, sizeof(AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO));
+        } else {
+            return aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_orig(i_pNodeCtl, o_NodeInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeMgr_Destroy(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob2) {
+            delete aioNmgrIob2;
+            aioNmgrIob2 = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig(i_pNodeMgr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioNodeMgr_GetState(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob2) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeMgr_GetState_orig(i_pNodeMgr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeMgr_IsReady(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob2) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeMgr_IsReady_orig(i_pNodeMgr, i_State);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeMgr_IsError(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob2) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeMgr_IsError_orig(i_pNodeMgr, i_State);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeCtl_Destroy(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            delete aioIob2Bi2xTbs;
+            aioIob2Bi2xTbs = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig(i_pNodeCtl);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioNodeCtl_GetState(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return 1;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeCtl_GetState_orig(i_pNodeCtl);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeCtl_IsReady(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeCtl_IsReady_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_State);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeCtl_IsError(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TBS *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xTbs) {
+            return false;
+        } else {
+            return aioNodeCtl_IsError_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_State);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init() {
+        // avoid double init
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (initialized) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        // announce
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "init");
+
+        // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+        const auto libaioIob2VideoDll = "libaio-iob2_video.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_GetDeviceStatus_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_IoReset_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetWatchDogTimer_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_ControlCoinBlocker_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_AddCounter_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetAmpVolume_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_EnableUsbCharger_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIrLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetButton0Lamp_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetIccrLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetStickLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData, &aioIob2Bi2xTBS_SetTapeLedData_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc, &aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig);
+
+        // libaio-iob.dll
+        const auto libaioIobDll = "libaio-iob.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNMgrIob2_Create",
+                               aioNMgrIob2_Create, &aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNMgrIob_BeginManage",
+                               aioNMgrIob_BeginManage, &aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo",
+                               aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo, &aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_orig);
+
+        // libaio.dll
+        const auto libaioDll = "libaio.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_Destroy",
+                               aioNodeMgr_Destroy, &aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_GetState",
+                               aioNodeMgr_GetState, &aioNodeMgr_GetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_IsReady",
+                               aioNodeMgr_IsReady, &aioNodeMgr_IsReady_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_IsError",
+                               aioNodeMgr_IsError, &aioNodeMgr_IsError_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_Destroy",
+                               aioNodeCtl_Destroy, &aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_GetState",
+                               aioNodeCtl_GetState, &aioNodeCtl_GetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_IsReady",
+                               aioNodeCtl_IsReady, &aioNodeCtl_IsReady_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_IsError",
+                               aioNodeCtl_IsError, &aioNodeCtl_IsError_orig);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/ccj/bi2x_hook.h b/games/ccj/bi2x_hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4417688
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/bi2x_hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::ccj {
+    void bi2x_hook_init();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/ccj/ccj.cpp b/games/ccj/ccj.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d51e145
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/ccj.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+#include "ccj.h"
+
+#include <format>
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "acioemu/handle.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+#include "trackball.h"
+
+namespace games::ccj {
+    // nomatchselect: disables debug menu that says "Select Match Mode"
+    // q1: disables v-sync
+    std::string CCJ_INJECT_ARGS = "-nomatchselect";
+
+    static acioemu::ACIOHandle *acioHandle = nullptr;
+    static std::string commandLine;
+
+    static decltype(AddVectoredExceptionHandler) *AddVectoredExceptionHandler_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(CreateFileW) *execexe_CreateFileW_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(ShowCursor) *ShowCursor_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(GetCommandLineA) *GetCommandLineA_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static HANDLE WINAPI execexe_CreateFileW_hook(LPCWSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+                                                  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+                                                  DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile) {
+        const auto fileName = ws2s(lpFileName);
+        if (fileName == "COM1" && acioHandle->open(lpFileName)) {
+            SetLastError(0);
+            return (HANDLE) acioHandle;
+        } else {
+            return execexe_CreateFileW_orig(lpFileName, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                                            dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int WINAPI ShowCursor_hook(BOOL bShow) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static PVOID WINAPI AddVectoredExceptionHandler_hook(ULONG First, PVECTORED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER Handler) {
+        return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    static LPSTR WINAPI GetCommandLineA_hook() {
+        return (LPSTR)commandLine.c_str();
+    }
+
+    void CCJGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // create required files
+        fileutils::dir_create_recursive("dev/raw/log");
+        fileutils::bin_write("dev/raw/bootio", nullptr, 0);
+        fileutils::bin_write("dev/raw/log/output_log.txt", nullptr, 0);
+
+        // preload libraries
+        libutils::load_library("execexe.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("libaio.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("libaio-iob.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("libaio-iob2_video.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("win10actlog.dll");
+
+        detour::trampoline_try("execexe.dll", MAKEINTRESOURCE(11),
+                               (void*)execexe_CreateFileW_hook,(void**)&execexe_CreateFileW_orig);
+
+        // insert BI2X hooks
+        bi2x_hook_init();
+
+        // insert trackball hooks
+        trackball_hook_init();
+
+        // add card reader
+        acioHandle = new acioemu::ACIOHandle(L"COM1");
+        devicehook_init_trampoline();
+        devicehook_add(acioHandle);
+    }
+
+    void CCJGame::post_attach() {
+        Game::post_attach();
+
+        detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "AddVectoredExceptionHandler",
+                               (void*)AddVectoredExceptionHandler_hook,(void**)&AddVectoredExceptionHandler_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetCommandLineA",
+                               (void*)GetCommandLineA_hook, (void**)&GetCommandLineA_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try("user32.dll", "ShowCursor",
+                               (void*)ShowCursor_hook, (void**)&ShowCursor_orig);
+
+        commandLine = std::format("{} {}", GetCommandLineA_orig(), CCJ_INJECT_ARGS);
+        trackball_thread_start();
+    }
+
+    void CCJGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        devicehook_dispose();
+        trackball_thread_stop();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/ccj/ccj.h b/games/ccj/ccj.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a1965a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/ccj.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::ccj {
+    extern std::string CCJ_INJECT_ARGS;
+
+    class CCJGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        CCJGame() : Game("Chase Chase Jokers") {}
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void post_attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/ccj/io.cpp b/games/ccj/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ae65d7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::ccj::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Chase Chase Jokers");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Joystick Up",
+                "Joystick Down",
+                "Joystick Left",
+                "Joystick Right",
+                "Dash",
+                "Action",
+                "Jump",
+                "Slide",
+                "Special",
+                "Headphones",
+                "Trackball Up",
+                "Trackball Down",
+                "Trackball Left",
+                "Trackball Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::ccj::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Chase Chase Jokers");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Joystick X",
+                "Joystick Y",
+                "Trackball DX",
+                "Trackball DY"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::ccj::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Chase Chase Jokers");
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Title Panel R",
+                "Title Panel G",
+                "Title Panel B",
+                "Side Panel R",
+                "Side Panel G",
+                "Side Panel B",
+                "Card Reader R",
+                "Card Reader G",
+                "Card Reader B",
+                "Special Button"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/ccj/io.h b/games/ccj/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc8b44e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::ccj {
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Joystick_Up,
+            Joystick_Down,
+            Joystick_Left,
+            Joystick_Right,
+            Button_Dash,
+            Button_Action,
+            Button_Jump,
+            Button_Slide,
+            Button_Special,
+            Headphones,
+            Trackball_Up,
+            Trackball_Down,
+            Trackball_Left,
+            Trackball_Right
+        };
+    }
+
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            Joystick_X,
+            Joystick_Y,
+            Trackball_DX,
+            Trackball_DY
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        typedef enum {
+            TitlePanel_R,
+            TitlePanel_G,
+            TitlePanel_B,
+            SidePanel_R,
+            SidePanel_G,
+            SidePanel_B,
+            CardReader_R,
+            CardReader_G,
+            CardReader_B,
+            SpecialButton,
+        } ccj_lights_t;
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/ccj/trackball.cpp b/games/ccj/trackball.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..04554bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/trackball.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+#include "trackball.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+namespace games::ccj {
+    bool MOUSE_TRACKBALL = false;
+    bool MOUSE_TRACKBALL_USE_TOGGLE = false;
+    uint8_t TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY = 10;
+
+    static HANDLE fakeHandle = (HANDLE)0xDEADBEEF;
+    static HWND hWnd = nullptr;
+    static WNDPROC wndProc = nullptr;
+    static std::thread *tbThread = nullptr;
+    static bool tbThreadRunning = false;
+
+    static const wchar_t *fakeDeviceName = L"VID_1241&PID_1111";
+    static const wchar_t *windowName = L"ChaseProject";
+
+    static decltype(GetRawInputDeviceList) *GetRawInputDeviceList_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(GetRawInputDeviceInfoW) *GetRawInputDeviceInfoW_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(SetWindowLongPtrW) *SetWindowLongPtrW_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(GetRawInputData) *GetRawInputData_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(RegisterRawInputDevices) *RegisterRawInputDevices_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static UINT WINAPI GetRawInputDeviceList_hook(PRAWINPUTDEVICELIST pRawInputDeviceList, PUINT puiNumDevices,
+                                                  UINT cbSize) {
+        auto result = GetRawInputDeviceList_orig(pRawInputDeviceList, puiNumDevices, cbSize);
+        if (result == 0xFFFFFFFF)
+            return result;
+
+        if (pRawInputDeviceList == NULL) {
+            (*puiNumDevices)++;
+        } else if (result < *puiNumDevices) {
+            pRawInputDeviceList[result] = {fakeHandle, 0};
+            result++;
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static UINT WINAPI GetRawInputDeviceInfoW_hook(HANDLE hDevice, UINT uiCommand, LPVOID pData, PUINT pcbSize) {
+        if (hDevice != fakeHandle || uiCommand != RIDI_DEVICENAME)
+            return GetRawInputDeviceInfoW_orig(hDevice, uiCommand, pData, pcbSize);
+
+        const auto requiredLen = (wcslen(fakeDeviceName) + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t);
+
+        if (*pcbSize < requiredLen) {
+            *pcbSize = requiredLen;
+            return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+        }
+
+        if (pData == NULL) {
+            *pcbSize = requiredLen;
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        wcscpy((wchar_t*)pData, fakeDeviceName);
+        return requiredLen;
+    }
+
+    static LONG_PTR WINAPI SetWindowLongPtrW_hook(HWND _hWnd, int nIndex, LONG_PTR dwNewLong) {
+        wchar_t buffer[256];
+        if (nIndex != GWLP_WNDPROC || GetWindowTextW(_hWnd, buffer, 256) == 0 || !wcswcs(buffer, windowName))
+            return SetWindowLongPtrW_orig(_hWnd, nIndex, dwNewLong);
+
+        hWnd = _hWnd;
+        wndProc = (WNDPROC)dwNewLong;
+        return SetWindowLongPtrW_orig(_hWnd, nIndex, dwNewLong);
+    }
+
+    static UINT WINAPI GetRawInputData_hook(HRAWINPUT hRawInput, UINT uiCommand, LPVOID pData, PUINT pcbSize, UINT cbSizeHeader) {
+        if (hRawInput != fakeHandle)
+            return GetRawInputData_orig(hRawInput, uiCommand, pData, pcbSize, cbSizeHeader);
+
+        if (pData == NULL) {
+            if (uiCommand == RID_HEADER)
+                *pcbSize = sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER);
+            else
+                *pcbSize = sizeof(RAWINPUT);
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        const RAWINPUTHEADER header = { RIM_TYPEMOUSE, sizeof(RAWINPUT), fakeHandle, 0 };
+
+        if (uiCommand == RID_HEADER) {
+            if (*pcbSize < sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER)) {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+            }
+
+            *((RAWINPUTHEADER*)pData) = header;
+            return sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER);
+        } else if (uiCommand == RID_INPUT) {
+            if (*pcbSize < sizeof(RAWINPUT)) {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+            }
+
+            RAWMOUSE rawMouse {};
+
+            if (MOUSE_TRACKBALL) {
+                static bool active = false;
+                static bool lastState = false;
+
+                static std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> lastModified = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+                static std::chrono::milliseconds debounceDuration(100);
+                auto currentTime = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
+                bool pressed = GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RBUTTON) & 0x8000;
+                bool focused = GetForegroundWindow() == hWnd;
+
+                if (focused && MOUSE_TRACKBALL_USE_TOGGLE && pressed && (currentTime - lastModified > debounceDuration)) {
+                    active = !active;
+                    lastModified = currentTime;
+                }
+
+                if (focused && ((MOUSE_TRACKBALL_USE_TOGGLE && active) || (!MOUSE_TRACKBALL_USE_TOGGLE && pressed))) {
+                    POINT cursor;
+                    RECT client;
+
+                    GetClientRect(hWnd, &client);
+                    int sx = client.right - client.left;
+                    int sy = client.bottom - client.top;
+
+                    GetCursorPos(&cursor);
+                    ScreenToClient(hWnd, &cursor);
+
+                    static int lastX = cursor.x;
+                    static int lastY = cursor.y;
+
+                    if (!lastState) {
+                        lastX = cursor.x;
+                        lastY = cursor.y;
+                        lastState = true;
+                    }
+
+                    rawMouse.usFlags = MOUSE_MOVE_RELATIVE;
+                    rawMouse.lLastX = (int)((float)(cursor.x - lastX) * (float)TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY / 20.0f);
+                    rawMouse.lLastY = (int)((float)(lastY - cursor.y) * (float)TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY / 20.0f);
+
+                    bool updateCursor = false;
+
+                    if (cursor.x <= 0) {
+                        updateCursor = true;
+                        cursor.x = sx - 5;
+                    } else if (cursor.x >= sx - 1) {
+                        updateCursor = true;
+                        cursor.x = 5;
+                    }
+
+                    if (cursor.y <= 0) {
+                        updateCursor = true;
+                        cursor.y = sy - 5;
+                    } else if (cursor.y >= sy - 1) {
+                        updateCursor = true;
+                        cursor.y = 5;
+                    }
+
+                    lastX = cursor.x;
+                    lastY = cursor.y;
+
+                    if (updateCursor) {
+                        ClientToScreen(hWnd, &cursor);
+                        SetCursorPos(cursor.x, cursor.y);
+                    }
+                } else if (lastState && !active) {
+                    lastState = false;
+                }
+            } else {
+                rawMouse.usFlags = MOUSE_MOVE_RELATIVE;
+
+                auto &analogs = get_analogs();
+                if (analogs[Analogs::Trackball_DX].isSet() || analogs[Analogs::Trackball_DY].isSet()) {
+                    float x = GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::Trackball_DX]) * 2.0f - 1.0f;
+                    float y = GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::Trackball_DY]) * 2.0f - 1.0f;
+                    rawMouse.lLastX = (long) (x * (float) TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY);
+                    rawMouse.lLastY = (long) (-y * (float) TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY);
+                }
+
+                auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+                if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Trackball_Up]))
+                    rawMouse.lLastY = TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY;
+                if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Trackball_Down]))
+                    rawMouse.lLastY = -TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY;
+                if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Trackball_Left]))
+                    rawMouse.lLastX = -TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY;
+                if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Trackball_Right]))
+                    rawMouse.lLastX = TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY;
+            }
+
+            *((RAWINPUT*)pData) = { header, { rawMouse } };
+            return sizeof(RAWINPUT);
+        }
+
+        return 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    }
+
+    static BOOL WINAPI RegisterRawInputDevices_hook(PCRAWINPUTDEVICE pRawInputDevices, UINT uiNumDevices, UINT cbSize) {
+        if (uiNumDevices == 2 && pRawInputDevices[1].usUsage == HID_USAGE_GENERIC_GAMEPAD)
+            uiNumDevices = 1;
+
+        return RegisterRawInputDevices_orig(pRawInputDevices, uiNumDevices, cbSize);
+    }
+
+
+    void trackball_hook_init() {
+        // avoid double init
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (initialized) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        // announce
+        log_info("trackball", "init");
+
+        // user32
+        const auto user32Dll = "user32.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(user32Dll, "GetRawInputDeviceList",
+                               GetRawInputDeviceList_hook, &GetRawInputDeviceList_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(user32Dll, "GetRawInputDeviceInfoW",
+                               GetRawInputDeviceInfoW_hook, &GetRawInputDeviceInfoW_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(user32Dll, "SetWindowLongPtrW",
+                               SetWindowLongPtrW_hook, &SetWindowLongPtrW_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(user32Dll, "GetRawInputData",
+                               GetRawInputData_hook, &GetRawInputData_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(user32Dll, "RegisterRawInputDevices",
+                               RegisterRawInputDevices_hook, &RegisterRawInputDevices_orig);
+    }
+
+    void trackball_thread_start() {
+        using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+        tbThreadRunning = true;
+
+        log_info("trackball", "thread start, use mouse: {}, toggle: {}", MOUSE_TRACKBALL, MOUSE_TRACKBALL_USE_TOGGLE);
+
+        tbThread = new std::thread([&] {
+            while (tbThreadRunning) {
+                if (hWnd && wndProc) {
+                    wndProc(hWnd, WM_INPUT, RIM_INPUT, (LPARAM)fakeHandle);
+                }
+
+                if (!tbThreadRunning)
+                    break;
+
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(10ms);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    void trackball_thread_stop() {
+        tbThreadRunning = false;
+        if (tbThread)
+            tbThread->join();
+
+        log_info("trackball", "thread stop");
+
+        delete tbThread;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/ccj/trackball.h b/games/ccj/trackball.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abb3445
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ccj/trackball.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace games::ccj {
+    extern bool MOUSE_TRACKBALL;
+    extern bool MOUSE_TRACKBALL_USE_TOGGLE;
+    extern uint8_t TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY;
+
+    void trackball_hook_init();
+    void trackball_thread_start();
+    void trackball_thread_stop();
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/ddr.cpp b/games/ddr/ddr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3d65a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/ddr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#include "ddr.h"
+
+#include "acioemu/handle.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/setupapihook.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "hooks/input/dinput8/hook.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+
+#include "io.h"
+
+#include "p3io/foot.h"
+#include "p3io/p3io.h"
+#include "p3io/sate.h"
+#include "p3io/usbmem.h"
+
+#include "p4io/p4io.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+
+    // settings
+    bool SDMODE = false;
+
+    static decltype(SendMessage) *SendMessage_real = nullptr;
+
+    static SHORT WINAPI GetAsyncKeyState_hook(int vKey) {
+
+        // disable debug keys
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static LRESULT WINAPI SendMessage_hook(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+
+        // ignore broadcasts
+        if (hWnd == HWND_BROADCAST) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+        // fallback
+        return SendMessage_real(hWnd, Msg, wParam, lParam);
+    }
+
+    DDRGame::DDRGame() : Game("Dance Dance Revolution") {
+    }
+
+    void DDRGame::pre_attach() {
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && avs::game::is_model("TDX")) {
+            log_fatal(
+                "ddr",
+                "BAD MODEL NAME ERROR\n\n\n"
+                "!!! model name set to TDX, this is WRONG and will break your game !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! spice2x does not yet support TDX, use MDX instead.            !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! model name set to TDX, this is WRONG and will break your game !!!\n\n\n"
+                );
+        }
+
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && avs::game::DEST[0] == 'U') {
+            log_warning(
+                "ddr",
+                "U-REGION WARNING\n\n\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! <dest> is set to U region                                     !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! While this is legal, unless you have compatible data, this    !!!\n"
+                "!!! will most likely crash your game or fail to boot.             !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! It is recommended that you stick with J region.               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n\n\n"
+                );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void DDRGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // dinput hook on this dll since the game dll doesn't load it
+        auto game_mdx = libutils::try_library(MODULE_PATH / "gamemdx.dll");
+        hooks::input::dinput8::init(game_mdx);
+
+        // init device hook
+        devicehook_init();
+
+        // add fake devices
+        if (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "arkmdxbio2.dll") {
+            devicehook_add(new acioemu::ACIOHandle(L"COM1"));
+        } else if(avs::game::DLL_NAME == "arkmdxp4.dll") {
+            devicehook_add(new DDRP4IOHandle());
+        } else {
+            devicehook_add(new DDRFOOTHandle());
+            devicehook_add(new DDRSATEHandle());
+            devicehook_add(new DDRUSBMEMHandle());
+            devicehook_add(new DDRP3IOHandle());
+        }
+
+        // has nothing to do with P3IO, but is enough to trick the game into SD/HD mode
+        const char *settings_property = ddr::SDMODE ? "Generic Television" : "Generic Monitor";
+        const char settings_detail[] = R"(\\.\P3IO)";
+
+        // settings 1
+        SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings1 {};
+        settings1.class_guid[0] = 0x1FA4A480;
+        settings1.class_guid[1] = 0x40C7AC60;
+        settings1.class_guid[2] = 0x7952ACA7;
+        settings1.class_guid[3] = 0x5A57340F;
+        memcpy(settings1.property_devicedesc, settings_property, strlen(settings_property) + 1);
+        memcpy(settings1.interface_detail, settings_detail, sizeof(settings_detail));
+
+        // settings 2
+        SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings2 {};
+        settings2.class_guid[0] = 0x4D36E96E;
+        settings2.class_guid[1] = 0x11CEE325;
+        settings2.class_guid[2] = 0x8C1BF;
+        settings2.class_guid[3] = 0x1803E12B;
+        memcpy(settings2.property_devicedesc, settings_property, strlen(settings_property) + 1);
+        memcpy(settings2.interface_detail, settings_detail, sizeof(settings_detail));
+
+        const char settings_detail_p4io[] = R"(\\.\P4IO)";
+
+        // settings p4io
+        SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settingsp4io {};
+        settingsp4io.class_guid[0] = 0x8B7250A5;
+        settingsp4io.class_guid[1] = 0x46C94F61;
+        settingsp4io.class_guid[2] = 0x68E63A84;
+        settingsp4io.class_guid[3] = 0x206A4706;
+        memcpy(settingsp4io.property_devicedesc, settings_property, strlen(settings_property) + 1);
+        memcpy(settingsp4io.interface_detail, settings_detail_p4io, sizeof(settings_detail_p4io));
+
+        // init SETUP API
+        setupapihook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        // DDR ACE actually uses another DLL for things
+        if (game_mdx != nullptr) {
+            setupapihook_init(game_mdx);
+        }
+
+        // add settings
+        setupapihook_add(settings1);
+        setupapihook_add(settings2);
+        setupapihook_add(settingsp4io);
+
+        // misc hooks
+        detour::iat_try("GetAsyncKeyState", GetAsyncKeyState_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat_try("GetKeyState", GetAsyncKeyState_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        SendMessage_real = detour::iat_try("SendMessageW", SendMessage_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat_try("SendMessageA", SendMessage_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    }
+
+    void DDRGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        // dispose device hook
+        devicehook_dispose();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/ddr.h b/games/ddr/ddr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a6d697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/ddr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool SDMODE;
+
+    class DDRGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        DDRGame();
+        virtual void pre_attach() override;
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/io.cpp b/games/ddr/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7b8535
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::ddr::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Dance Dance Revolution");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &analogs,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P1 Panel Up",
+                "P1 Panel Down",
+                "P1 Panel Left",
+                "P1 Panel Right",
+                "P1 Menu Up",
+                "P1 Menu Down",
+                "P1 Menu Left",
+                "P1 Menu Right",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "P2 Panel Up",
+                "P2 Panel Down",
+                "P2 Panel Left",
+                "P2 Panel Right",
+                "P2 Menu Up",
+                "P2 Menu Down",
+                "P2 Menu Left",
+                "P2 Menu Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::ddr::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Dance Dance Revolution");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "P1 Foot Left",
+                "P1 Foot Up",
+                "P1 Foot Right",
+                "P1 Foot Down",
+                "P2 Foot Left",
+                "P2 Foot Up",
+                "P2 Foot Right",
+                "P2 Foot Down",
+                "Spot Red",
+                "Spot Blue",
+                "Top Spot Red",
+                "Top Spot Blue",
+                "P1 Halogen Upper",
+                "P1 Halogen Lower",
+                "P2 Halogen Upper",
+                "P2 Halogen Lower",
+                "P1 Button",
+                "P2 Button",
+                "Neon",
+                "HD P1 Start",
+                "HD P1 Menu Left-Right",
+                "HD P1 Menu Up-Down",
+                "HD P2 Start",
+                "HD P2 Menu Left-Right",
+                "HD P2 Menu Up-Down",
+                "HD P1 Speaker F R",
+                "HD P1 Speaker F G",
+                "HD P1 Speaker F B",
+                "HD P1 Speaker W R",
+                "HD P1 Speaker W G",
+                "HD P1 Speaker W B",
+                "HD P2 Speaker F R",
+                "HD P2 Speaker F G",
+                "HD P2 Speaker F B",
+                "HD P2 Speaker W R",
+                "HD P2 Speaker W G",
+                "HD P2 Speaker W B",
+
+                "WHITE Speaker Top R",
+                "WHITE Speaker Top G",
+                "WHITE Speaker Top B",
+                "WHITE Speaker Bottom R",
+                "WHITE Speaker Bottom G",
+                "WHITE Speaker Bottom B",
+                "WHITE Woofer R",
+                "WHITE Woofer G",
+                "WHITE Woofer B",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Menu Start",
+                "GOLD P1 Menu Up",
+                "GOLD P1 Menu Down",
+                "GOLD P1 Menu Left",
+                "GOLD P1 Menu Right",
+
+                "GOLD P2 Menu Start",
+                "GOLD P2 Menu Up",
+                "GOLD P2 Menu Down",
+                "GOLD P2 Menu Left",
+                "GOLD P2 Menu Right",
+
+                "GOLD Title Panel Left",
+                "GOLD Title Panel Center",
+                "GOLD Title Panel Right",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Woofer Corner",
+                "GOLD P2 Woofer Corner",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Card Unit R",
+                "GOLD P1 Card Unit G",
+                "GOLD P1 Card Unit B",
+
+                "GOLD P2 Card Unit R",
+                "GOLD P2 Card Unit G",
+                "GOLD P2 Card Unit B",
+
+                "GOLD Top Panel Avg R",
+                "GOLD Top Panel Avg G",
+                "GOLD Top Panel Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD Monitor Side Left Avg R",
+                "GOLD Monitor Side Left Avg G",
+                "GOLD Monitor Side Left Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD Monitor Side Right Avg R",
+                "GOLD Monitor Side Right Avg G",
+                "GOLD Monitor Side Right Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Up Avg R",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Up Avg G",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Up Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Down Avg R",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Down Avg G",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Down Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Left Avg R",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Left Avg G",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Left Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Right Avg R",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Right Avg G",
+                "GOLD P1 Foot Right Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Up Avg R",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Up Avg G",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Up Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Down Avg R",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Down Avg G",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Down Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Left Avg R",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Left Avg G",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Left Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Right Avg R",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Right Avg G",
+                "GOLD P2 Foot Right Avg B",
+
+                "GOLD P1 Stage Corner Up-Left",
+                "GOLD P1 Stage Corner Up-Right",
+                "GOLD P1 Stage Corner Down-Left",
+                "GOLD P1 Stage Corner Down-Right",
+
+                "GOLD P2 Stage Corner Up-Left",
+                "GOLD P2 Stage Corner Up-Right",
+                "GOLD P2 Stage Corner Down-Left",
+                "GOLD P2 Stage Corner Down-Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/io.h b/games/ddr/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..24b9b2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,181 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            SERVICE,
+            TEST,
+            COIN_MECH,
+            P1_START,
+            P1_PANEL_UP,
+            P1_PANEL_DOWN,
+            P1_PANEL_LEFT,
+            P1_PANEL_RIGHT,
+            P1_MENU_UP,
+            P1_MENU_DOWN,
+            P1_MENU_LEFT,
+            P1_MENU_RIGHT,
+            P2_START,
+            P2_PANEL_UP,
+            P2_PANEL_DOWN,
+            P2_PANEL_LEFT,
+            P2_PANEL_RIGHT,
+            P2_MENU_UP,
+            P2_MENU_DOWN,
+            P2_MENU_LEFT,
+            P2_MENU_RIGHT,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            P1_FOOT_LEFT,
+            P1_FOOT_UP,
+            P1_FOOT_RIGHT,
+            P1_FOOT_DOWN,
+
+            P2_FOOT_LEFT,
+            P2_FOOT_UP,
+            P2_FOOT_RIGHT,
+            P2_FOOT_DOWN,
+
+            SPOT_RED,
+            SPOT_BLUE,
+            TOP_SPOT_RED,
+            TOP_SPOT_BLUE,
+
+            P1_HALOGEN_UPPER,
+            P1_HALOGEN_LOWER,
+            P2_HALOGEN_UPPER,
+            P2_HALOGEN_LOWER,
+
+            P1_BUTTON,
+            P2_BUTTON,
+            NEON,
+
+            HD_P1_START,
+            HD_P1_LEFT_RIGHT,
+            HD_P1_UP_DOWN,
+
+            HD_P2_START,
+            HD_P2_LEFT_RIGHT,
+            HD_P2_UP_DOWN,
+
+            HD_P1_SPEAKER_F_R,
+            HD_P1_SPEAKER_F_G,
+            HD_P1_SPEAKER_F_B,
+            HD_P1_SPEAKER_W_R,
+            HD_P1_SPEAKER_W_G,
+            HD_P1_SPEAKER_W_B,
+
+            HD_P2_SPEAKER_F_R,
+            HD_P2_SPEAKER_F_G,
+            HD_P2_SPEAKER_F_B,
+            HD_P2_SPEAKER_W_R,
+            HD_P2_SPEAKER_W_G,
+            HD_P2_SPEAKER_W_B,
+
+            WHITE_SPEAKER_TOP_R,
+            WHITE_SPEAKER_TOP_G,
+            WHITE_SPEAKER_TOP_B,
+            WHITE_SPEAKER_BOTTOM_R,
+            WHITE_SPEAKER_BOTTOM_G,
+            WHITE_SPEAKER_BOTTOM_B,
+            WHITE_WOOFER_R,
+            WHITE_WOOFER_G,
+            WHITE_WOOFER_B,
+
+            GOLD_P1_MENU_START,
+            GOLD_P1_MENU_UP,
+            GOLD_P1_MENU_DOWN,
+            GOLD_P1_MENU_LEFT,
+            GOLD_P1_MENU_RIGHT,
+
+            GOLD_P2_MENU_START,
+            GOLD_P2_MENU_UP,
+            GOLD_P2_MENU_DOWN,
+            GOLD_P2_MENU_LEFT,
+            GOLD_P2_MENU_RIGHT,
+
+            GOLD_TITLE_PANEL_LEFT,
+            GOLD_TITLE_PANEL_CENTER,
+            GOLD_TITLE_PANEL_RIGHT,
+
+            GOLD_P1_WOOFER_CORNER,
+            GOLD_P2_WOOFER_CORNER,
+
+            GOLD_P1_CARD_UNIT_R,
+            GOLD_P1_CARD_UNIT_G,
+            GOLD_P1_CARD_UNIT_B,
+
+            GOLD_P2_CARD_UNIT_R,
+            GOLD_P2_CARD_UNIT_G,
+            GOLD_P2_CARD_UNIT_B,
+
+            GOLD_TOP_PANEL_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_TOP_PANEL_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_TOP_PANEL_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_LEFT_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_LEFT_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_LEFT_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_RIGHT_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_RIGHT_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_MONITOR_SIDE_RIGHT_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_UP_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_UP_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_UP_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P1_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_UP_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_UP_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_UP_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_DOWN_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_LEFT_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_R,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_G,
+            GOLD_P2_FOOT_RIGHT_AVG_B,
+
+            GOLD_P1_STAGE_UP_LEFT,
+            GOLD_P1_STAGE_UP_RIGHT,
+            GOLD_P1_STAGE_DOWN_LEFT,
+            GOLD_P1_STAGE_DOWN_RIGHT,
+
+            GOLD_P2_STAGE_UP_LEFT,
+            GOLD_P2_STAGE_UP_RIGHT,
+            GOLD_P2_STAGE_DOWN_LEFT,
+            GOLD_P2_STAGE_DOWN_RIGHT,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/foot.cpp b/games/ddr/p3io/foot.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cec5238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/foot.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include "foot.h"
+
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "../ddr.h"
+#include "../io.h"
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRFOOTHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM1") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    log_info("ddr", "Opened COM1 (FOOT)");
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRFOOTHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+
+    // check data trigger and buffer size
+    if (data_trigger && nNumberOfBytesToRead >= 1) {
+        data_trigger = false;
+        memset(lpBuffer, 0x11, 1);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // no data
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRFOOTHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+
+    // check buffer size for lights
+    if (nNumberOfBytesToWrite == 4) {
+
+        // mappings
+        static const size_t mapping_bits[] = {
+                4, 6, 3, 5,     // P1 L, U, R, D,
+                12, 14, 11, 13, // P2 L, U, R, D
+                22              // NEON
+        };
+
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                Lights::P1_FOOT_LEFT,
+                Lights::P1_FOOT_UP,
+                Lights::P1_FOOT_RIGHT,
+                Lights::P1_FOOT_DOWN,
+                Lights::P2_FOOT_LEFT,
+                Lights::P2_FOOT_UP,
+                Lights::P2_FOOT_RIGHT,
+                Lights::P2_FOOT_DOWN,
+                Lights::NEON
+        };
+
+        // get light bits
+        uint32_t light_bits = *((uint32_t*) lpBuffer);
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // bit scan
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            float value = (light_bits & (1 << mapping_bits[i])) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+        }
+
+        // only set the neon if in SD mode
+        // p3io sets it for HD mode.
+        if (games::ddr::SDMODE) {
+            float value = (light_bits & (1 << mapping_bits[8])) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[8]), value);
+        }
+
+        // flush
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+    }
+
+    // trigger out data
+    data_trigger = true;
+
+    // return all data written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRFOOTHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                                     DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRFOOTHandle::close() {
+    log_info("ddr", "Closed COM1 (FOOT).");
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/foot.h b/games/ddr/p3io/foot.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c1a054
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/foot.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+
+    class DDRFOOTHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        bool data_trigger = false;
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/p3io.cpp b/games/ddr/p3io/p3io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d896fd6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/p3io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,550 @@
+#include "p3io.h"
+
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "../ddr.h"
+#include "../io.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::HDXSDevice::HDXSDevice() {
+    this->node_count = 1;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::HDXSDevice::parse_msg(
+    MessageData* msg_in,
+    circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer
+) {
+
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+    log_info("ddr", "HDXS ADDR: {}, CMD: 0x{:x}", msg_in->addr, msg_in->cmd.code);
+#endif
+
+    // handle command
+    switch (msg_in->cmd.code) {
+        case ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION: {
+
+            // send version data
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, MSG_VERSION_SIZE);
+            this->set_version(msg, 0x204, 0, 1, 6, 0, "HDXS");
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case ACIO_CMD_KEEPALIVE: {
+
+            // send empty message
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 0);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0112: { // LED
+            static const size_t hd_button_static_mapping[] {
+                    Lights::HD_P1_START,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_UP_DOWN,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_LEFT_RIGHT,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_START,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_UP_DOWN,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_LEFT_RIGHT,
+            };
+            static const size_t hd_panel_static_mapping[] {
+                    Lights::HD_P1_SPEAKER_F_G,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_SPEAKER_F_R,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_SPEAKER_F_B,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_SPEAKER_F_G,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_SPEAKER_F_R,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_SPEAKER_F_B,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_SPEAKER_W_G,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_SPEAKER_W_R,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_SPEAKER_W_B,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_SPEAKER_W_G,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_SPEAKER_W_R,
+                    Lights::HD_P2_SPEAKER_W_B,
+            };
+
+            // get lights
+            auto &lights = games::ddr::get_lights();
+
+            // check to see mode at runtime.
+            if (!games::ddr::SDMODE) {
+                const auto &data = &msg_in->cmd.raw[1];
+
+                // button LEDs
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(hd_button_static_mapping); i++) {
+                    const float value = (data[i] & 0x80) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[hd_button_static_mapping[i]], value);
+                }
+
+                // speaker LEDs
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(hd_panel_static_mapping) / 3; i++) {
+                    const size_t light_index = i * 3;
+                    const float g = static_cast<float>(data[light_index + 0] & 0x7f) / 127.f;
+                    const float r = static_cast<float>(data[light_index + 1] & 0x7f) / 127.f;
+                    const float b = static_cast<float>(data[light_index + 2] & 0x7f) / 127.f;
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[hd_panel_static_mapping[light_index + 0]], g);
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[hd_panel_static_mapping[light_index + 1]], r);
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[hd_panel_static_mapping[light_index + 2]], b);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // flush
+            RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0x00);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+        case ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+        case 0x0110: // ???
+        case 0x0128: // ???
+        case 0xFF: // BROADCAST
+        {
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0x00);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // mark as handled
+    return true;
+}
+
+void games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::write_msg(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    read_buf.put(0xAA);
+    read_buf.put((uint8_t) len);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+        uint8_t b = data[i];
+        if (b == 0xAA || b == 0xFF) {
+            read_buf.put(0xFF);
+            b = ~b;
+        }
+        read_buf.put(b);
+    }
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"\\\\.\\P3IO\\p3io") != 0)
+        return false;
+
+    if (!acio_emu) {
+        acio_emu = new acioemu::ACIOEmu();
+        // DO NOT CHANGE THE ORDER OF THESE
+        // (until ICCA is split into separate devices with individual unit ids)
+        acio_emu->add_device(new acioemu::ICCADevice(false, true, 2));
+        acio_emu->add_device(new HDXSDevice());
+    }
+
+    log_info("ddr", "Opened P3IO");
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // read from emu
+    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+    while (!read_buf.empty() && bytes_read < nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        buffer[bytes_read++] = read_buf.get();
+    }
+
+    // this mustn't happen ever
+    if (bytes_read == 0) {
+        log_fatal("ddr", "p3io received no data");
+    }
+
+    // return amount of bytes read
+    return (int) bytes_read;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // check header
+    if (nNumberOfBytesToWrite < 2 || buffer[0] != 0xAA || buffer[1] > 0x7F) {
+        log_warning("ddr", "p3io has the wrong header: {}", bin2hex(buffer, (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite));
+
+        return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+    }
+
+    // parse data
+    std::vector<uint8_t> parsed;
+    for (DWORD i = 2; i < nNumberOfBytesToWrite; i++) {
+        uint8_t b = buffer[i];
+
+        if (b == 0xFFu && i + 1 < nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+            b = ~buffer[++i];
+        }
+
+        parsed.push_back(b);
+    }
+
+    // check message size
+    if (parsed.size() != buffer[1]) {
+        log_warning("ddr", "p3io has wrong message size: {}/{}", parsed.size(), (int) buffer[1]);
+        return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+    }
+
+    // check command
+    switch (parsed[1]) {
+        case 0x01: { // VERSION
+            uint8_t data[8];
+            memset(data, 0, 8);
+
+            // device code
+            strncpy((char*) &data[2], "JDX", 4);
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x05: { // WATCHDOG
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x24: { // SET LIGHTS
+
+            // hd mappings
+            static const size_t hd_mapping_bits[] {
+                    0x1000000, // HD SPOT RED
+                    0x2000000, // HD SPOT BLUE
+                    0x4000000, // HD TOP SPOT RED
+                    0x8000000, // HD TOP SPOT BLUE
+            };
+            static const size_t hd_mapping[] {
+                    Lights::SPOT_RED,
+                    Lights::SPOT_BLUE,
+                    Lights::TOP_SPOT_RED,
+                    Lights::TOP_SPOT_BLUE
+            };
+
+            // sd mappings, bits are reused according to gamemode
+            static const size_t sd_mapping_bits[] {
+                    0x01000000, // SD P1 BUTTON
+                    0x02000000, // SD P2 BUTTON
+                    0x40000000, // SD P1 HALOGEN LOWER
+                    0x80000000, // SD P1 HALOGEN UPPER
+                    0x10000000, // SD P2 HALOGEN LOWER
+                    0x20000000, // SD P2 HALOGEN UPPER
+            };
+            static const size_t sd_mapping[] {
+                    Lights::P1_BUTTON,
+                    Lights::P2_BUTTON,
+                    Lights::P1_HALOGEN_LOWER,
+                    Lights::P1_HALOGEN_UPPER,
+                    Lights::P2_HALOGEN_LOWER,
+                    Lights::P2_HALOGEN_UPPER
+            };
+
+            static const size_t hd_to_sd_mapping[] {
+                    Lights::P1_HALOGEN_LOWER,
+                    Lights::P1_HALOGEN_UPPER,
+                    Lights::P2_HALOGEN_LOWER,
+                    Lights::P2_HALOGEN_UPPER
+            };
+
+            // get light bits
+            uint32_t light_bits = *reinterpret_cast<uint32_t *>(&parsed[3]);
+
+            // get lights
+            auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+            // check to see mode at runtime.
+            if (games::ddr::SDMODE) {
+
+                // bit scan
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
+                    float value = (light_bits & sd_mapping_bits[i]) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[sd_mapping[i]], value);
+                }
+            } else {
+
+                // bit scan
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                    float value = (light_bits & hd_mapping_bits[i]) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[hd_mapping[i]], value);
+
+                    // perform HD->SD light mappings for older cabinet styles.
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[hd_to_sd_mapping[i]], value);
+                }
+
+                // use both sat spots for a neon pulse
+                float value_neon = (light_bits & hd_mapping_bits[0] && hd_mapping_bits[1]) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+                GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::NEON], value_neon);
+            }
+
+            // flush
+            RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x25: { // SEC PLUG
+            uint8_t data[43] {};
+
+            // plug present
+            data[2] = 1;
+
+            // copy data
+            if (parsed[2] & 0x10) {
+                static const uint8_t black_data[] {
+                        0xF0, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7,
+                        0xBE, 0xB5, 0xB2, 0xAC, 0x16, 0x8C, 0xE7, 0xA8,
+                        0x92, 0xB8, 0x1A, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xF7
+                };
+                memcpy(&data[3], black_data, sizeof(black_data));
+            } else {
+                static const uint8_t white_data[] {
+                        0xF0, 0xF1, 0xF2, 0xF3, 0xF4, 0xF5, 0xF6, 0xF7,
+                        0xC3, 0xD4, 0x45, 0xE8, 0x7C, 0x17, 0x20, 0x08,
+                        0x82, 0x20, 0x08, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+                        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1B
+                };
+                memcpy(&data[3], white_data, sizeof(white_data));
+            }
+
+            // write data
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x27: { // CABINET TYPE
+            if (games::ddr::SDMODE) {
+                uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00};
+                write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            } else {
+                uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x01};
+                write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x29: { // VIDEO FREQUENCY
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x2B: { // ???
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x2F: { // MODE
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x31: { // COIN STOCK
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+            // TODO
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x32: { // ???
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x38: { // PORT OPERATION
+            uint8_t op = parsed[3];
+            uint8_t port = parsed[2];
+            //uint8_t baud = parsed[4];
+
+            // open port
+            if (op == 0x00) {
+                log_info("ddr", "opened p3io remote port #{}", (int) port);
+
+                uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+                write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // close port
+            if (op == 0xFF) {
+                log_info("ddr", "closed p3io remote port #{}", (int) port);
+
+                uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0x00};
+                write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // error
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00, 0xFF};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x3A: { // REMOTE PORT WRITE
+            uint8_t len = parsed[3];
+
+            // check length
+            if (len > parsed.size() - 4) {
+                log_fatal("ddr", "p3io remote port data too small");
+            }
+
+            // pass data to ACIO
+            for (int i = 4; i < len + 4; i++) {
+                acio_emu->write(parsed[i]);
+            }
+
+            // no error
+            uint8_t data[] = {0x00, 0x00, len};
+            write_msg(data, sizeof(data));
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x3B: { // REMOTE PORT READ
+            uint8_t len = parsed[3];
+
+            // build msg data
+            std::vector<uint8_t> msg_data;
+            msg_data.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(len) + 3);
+            msg_data.push_back(0x00);
+            msg_data.push_back(0x00);
+
+            // placeholder for ACIO message size
+            msg_data.push_back(len);
+
+            // read data from ACIO
+            uint8_t acio_len = 0;
+            while (acio_len < len && acio_len < 0xFF) {
+                auto cur_byte = acio_emu->read();
+
+                if (cur_byte.has_value()) {
+                    msg_data.push_back(cur_byte.value());
+                    acio_len++;
+                } else {
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // update placeholder with actual length
+            msg_data[2] = acio_len;
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(msg_data.data(), msg_data.size());
+            break;
+        }
+        default: {
+            log_fatal("ddr", "p3io unknown command: 0x{:x}", parsed[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return all data written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::device_io(
+    DWORD dwIoControlCode,
+    LPVOID lpInBuffer,
+    DWORD nInBufferSize,
+    LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+    DWORD nOutBufferSize
+) {
+
+    // check buffer size
+    if (nOutBufferSize >= 4) {
+
+        // cool down
+        Sleep(1);
+
+        // get controls as single variable (4 bytes)
+        auto &controls = *(uint32_t*) lpOutBuffer;
+
+        // reset
+        controls = 0;
+
+        /*
+         * P3IO DDR Bit Mappings
+         * 4 bytes, from low to high order (0-31)
+         * all bits represent the inverted state
+         *
+         *
+         * 30 - SERVICE
+         * 28 - TEST
+         * 29 - COIN MECH
+         * 8  - P1 START
+         * 9  - P1 PANEL UP
+         * 10 - P1 PANEL DOWN
+         * 11 - P1 PANEL LEFT
+         * 12 - P1 PANEL RIGHT
+         * 24 - P1 MENU UP
+         * 25 - P1 MENU DOWN
+         * 14 - P1 MENU LEFT
+         * 15 - P1 MENU RIGHT
+         * 16 - P2 START
+         * 17 - P2 PANEL UP
+         * 18 - P2 PANEL DOWN
+         * 19 - P2 PANEL LEFT
+         * 20 - P2 PANEL RIGHT
+         * 26 - P2 MENU UP
+         * 27 - P2 MENU DOWN
+         * 22 - P2 MENU LEFT
+         * 23 - P2 MENU RIGHT
+         */
+
+        // shift table
+        static size_t shift_table[] = {
+                30, 28, 29, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 24, 25, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 27, 22, 23
+        };
+        static size_t button_table[] = {
+                Buttons::SERVICE,
+                Buttons::TEST,
+                Buttons::COIN_MECH,
+                Buttons::P1_START,
+                Buttons::P1_PANEL_UP,
+                Buttons::P1_PANEL_DOWN,
+                Buttons::P1_PANEL_LEFT,
+                Buttons::P1_PANEL_RIGHT,
+                Buttons::P1_MENU_UP,
+                Buttons::P1_MENU_DOWN,
+                Buttons::P1_MENU_LEFT,
+                Buttons::P1_MENU_RIGHT,
+                Buttons::P2_START,
+                Buttons::P2_PANEL_UP,
+                Buttons::P2_PANEL_DOWN,
+                Buttons::P2_PANEL_LEFT,
+                Buttons::P2_PANEL_RIGHT,
+                Buttons::P2_MENU_UP,
+                Buttons::P2_MENU_DOWN,
+                Buttons::P2_MENU_LEFT,
+                Buttons::P2_MENU_RIGHT,
+        };
+
+        // update states
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+        size_t count = 0;
+        for (auto shift : shift_table) {
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(button_table[count++]))) {
+                controls |= 1 << shift;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // invert controls
+        controls = ~controls;
+
+        // return data size
+        return 4;
+    }
+
+    // fail
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRP3IOHandle::close() {
+    log_info("ddr", "Closed P3IO");
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/p3io.h b/games/ddr/p3io/p3io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8666da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/p3io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "acioemu/acioemu.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+
+    class DDRP3IOHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        acioemu::ACIOEmu *acio_emu;
+        circular_buffer<uint8_t> read_buf = circular_buffer<uint8_t>(1024);
+
+        class HDXSDevice : public acioemu::ACIODeviceEmu {
+        public:
+            HDXSDevice();
+
+            bool parse_msg(
+                acioemu::MessageData* msg_in,
+                circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer
+            ) override;
+        };
+
+        void write_msg(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/sate.cpp b/games/ddr/p3io/sate.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d7d1d48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/sate.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#include "sate.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+games::ddr::DDRSATEHandle::SATEDevice::SATEDevice() {
+    this->node_count = 7;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRSATEHandle::SATEDevice::parse_msg(
+    acioemu::MessageData *msg_in,
+    circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer
+) {
+
+    // check command
+    switch (msg_in->cmd.code) {
+        case ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION: {
+
+            // send version data
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, MSG_VERSION_SIZE);
+            this->set_version(msg, 0x105, 0, 1, 1, 0, "DDRS");
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+        case ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+        case 0xFF: // BROADCAST
+        {
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0x00);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // mark as handled
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRSATEHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM2") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    log_info("ddr", "Opened COM2 (SATE)");
+
+    // ACIO device
+    acio_emu.add_device(new SATEDevice());
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRSATEHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // read from emu
+    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+    while (bytes_read < nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        auto cur_byte = acio_emu.read();
+
+        if (cur_byte.has_value()) {
+            buffer[bytes_read++] = cur_byte.value();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return amount of bytes read
+    return (int) bytes_read;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRSATEHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // write to emu
+    for (DWORD i = 0; i < nNumberOfBytesToWrite; i++) {
+        acio_emu.write(buffer[i]);
+    }
+
+    // return all data written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRSATEHandle::device_io(
+    DWORD dwIoControlCode,
+    LPVOID lpInBuffer,
+    DWORD nInBufferSize,
+    LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+    DWORD nOutBufferSize
+) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRSATEHandle::close() {
+    log_info("ddr", "Closed COM2 (SATE).");
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/sate.h b/games/ddr/p3io/sate.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9922b29
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/sate.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "acioemu/acioemu.h"
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+
+    class DDRSATEHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        acioemu::ACIOEmu acio_emu;
+
+        class SATEDevice : public acioemu::ACIODeviceEmu {
+        public:
+            SATEDevice();
+
+            bool parse_msg(acioemu::MessageData *msg_in, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) override;
+        };
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/usbmem.cpp b/games/ddr/p3io/usbmem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..952f021
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/usbmem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "usbmem.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+void games::ddr::DDRUSBMEMHandle::respond(const char *data) {
+    size_t len = strlen(data) + 1;
+    memcpy(response_data, data, len);
+    memcpy(response_data + len, "\r>", 2);
+    response_data_size = len + 2;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRUSBMEMHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM3") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    log_info("ddr", "Opened COM3 (USBMEM)");
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRUSBMEMHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+
+    // check for response
+    if (response_data_size && nNumberOfBytesToRead >= response_data_size) {
+        size_t bytes_read = response_data_size;
+        memcpy(lpBuffer, response_data, response_data_size);
+        response_data_size = 0;
+        return (int) bytes_read;
+    }
+
+    // no data
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRUSBMEMHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+
+    // check CMD
+    if (!memcmp(lpBuffer, "sver", 4))
+        respond("done GQHDXJAA SPICE");
+    else if (!memcmp(lpBuffer, "on_a", 4) ||
+             !memcmp(lpBuffer, "on_b", 4) ||
+             !memcmp(lpBuffer, "offa", 4) ||
+             !memcmp(lpBuffer, "offb", 4) ||
+             !memcmp(lpBuffer, "lma ", 4) ||
+             !memcmp(lpBuffer, "lmb ", 4))
+        respond("done");
+    else
+        respond("not connected");
+
+    // return all data written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::ddr::DDRUSBMEMHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                                           LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::ddr::DDRUSBMEMHandle::close() {
+    log_info("ddr", "Closed COM3 (USBMEM).");
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p3io/usbmem.h b/games/ddr/p3io/usbmem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8170b7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p3io/usbmem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+
+    class DDRUSBMEMHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        char response_data[256]{};
+        size_t response_data_size = 0;
+
+        void respond(const char *data);
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/ddr/p4io/p4io.cpp b/games/ddr/p4io/p4io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ea4a1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p4io/p4io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,352 @@
+#include "p4io.h"
+
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "../io.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#ifndef FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN
+#define FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN 0x00000022
+#endif
+
+// Packet header seems to be
+// AA cmdId Seq maybe_length?
+
+namespace {
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+    enum P4IOIoCtl : uint16_t {
+        P4IO_IOCTL_GET_INPUTS = 0x801,
+        P4IO_IOCTL_GET_VERSION_FUNC = 0x803,
+    };
+
+    enum class P4IOCmd : uint8_t {
+        Nop = 0x00,
+        GetTypeVerProd = 0x01,
+        UpdateLights = 0x12,
+        CoinHandler = 0x18,
+        Unk_1C = 0x1C,
+        IoSciOpen = 0x20,
+        SciTransfer = 0x21,
+        IoSciClose = 0x24,
+        ReadSecPlug_01 = 0x40,
+        ReadSecPlug_02 = 0x41,
+    };
+
+    struct P4IOHeader {
+        uint8_t magic;
+        P4IOCmd cmd;
+        uint8_t seq;
+        uint8_t length;
+    };
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+    const uint8_t blackPlugData[0x20] = {
+        0xC9, 0xFE, 0xC1, 0x5B, 0x8D, 0x8A, 0xE7, 0xA8,
+        0x92, 0xB8, 0x1A, 0x86, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x77
+    };
+
+    const uint8_t whitePlugData[0x20] = {
+        0x18, 0x98, 0x12, 0x71, 0xB3, 0xA2, 0x20, 0x08,
+        0x82, 0x20, 0x08, 0x82, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
+        0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xDA
+    };
+}
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+    bool DDRP4IOHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+        if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"\\\\.\\P4IO\\p4io") != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (!m_acio_emu) {
+            m_acio_emu = new acioemu::ACIOEmu();
+            m_acio_emu->add_device(new acioemu::ICCADevice(false, true, 2));
+            m_acio_emu->add_device(new HDXSDevice());
+        }
+
+        log_info("ddr", "Opened P4IO");
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    int DDRP4IOHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        DWORD transferSize = std::min(nNumberOfBytesToRead, (DWORD)m_read_buf.size());
+        memcpy(lpBuffer, m_read_buf.data(), transferSize);
+        m_read_buf.erase(m_read_buf.begin(), m_read_buf.begin()+transferSize);
+
+        return transferSize;
+    }
+
+    int DDRP4IOHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+        const P4IOHeader *header = reinterpret_cast<const P4IOHeader*>(lpBuffer);
+        const uint8_t *data = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpBuffer)+sizeof(P4IOHeader));
+
+        if(nNumberOfBytesToWrite < sizeof(P4IOHeader)
+            || header->magic != 0xAA
+            || nNumberOfBytesToWrite < sizeof(P4IOHeader)+header->length)
+        {
+            log_warning("ddr", "p4io has the wrong header: {}", bin2hex(reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(lpBuffer),
+                (int)nNumberOfBytesToWrite));
+
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        std::vector<uint8_t> responseBuffer(64);
+        P4IOHeader *respHeader = reinterpret_cast<P4IOHeader*>(responseBuffer.data());
+        respHeader->magic = 0xAA;
+        respHeader->cmd = header->cmd;
+        respHeader->seq = header->seq;
+        uint8_t *respData = responseBuffer.data()+sizeof(P4IOHeader);
+
+        switch(header->cmd)
+        {
+            case P4IOCmd::Nop:
+            case P4IOCmd::Unk_1C:
+            case P4IOCmd::IoSciOpen:
+            case P4IOCmd::IoSciClose:
+            {
+                m_read_buf.insert(m_read_buf.end(), responseBuffer.begin(), responseBuffer.end());
+                return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+            }
+            break;
+            case P4IOCmd::GetTypeVerProd: {
+                respHeader->length = 0x2C;
+
+                // type
+                memcpy(&respData[0], "JDX", 4);
+
+                // version
+                respData[5] = 69;
+                respData[6] = 69;
+                respData[7] = 69;
+
+                // prod
+                memcpy(&respData[8], "prod", 4);
+
+                // date
+                memcpy(&respData[0xC], "2024-03-12", 10);
+
+                // time
+                memcpy(&respData[0x1C], "06:39:21", 8);
+
+                m_read_buf_mutex.lock();
+                m_read_buf.insert(m_read_buf.end(), responseBuffer.begin(), responseBuffer.end());
+                m_read_buf_mutex.unlock();
+                return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+            }
+            break;
+            case P4IOCmd::UpdateLights: {
+                static const size_t lightMapping[] = {
+                    Lights::WHITE_SPEAKER_TOP_G,
+                    Lights::WHITE_SPEAKER_TOP_R,
+                    Lights::WHITE_SPEAKER_TOP_B,
+                    Lights::WHITE_SPEAKER_BOTTOM_G,
+                    Lights::WHITE_SPEAKER_BOTTOM_R,
+                    Lights::WHITE_SPEAKER_BOTTOM_B,
+                    Lights::WHITE_WOOFER_G,
+                    Lights::WHITE_WOOFER_R,
+                    Lights::WHITE_WOOFER_B,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_START,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_UP_DOWN,
+                    Lights::HD_P1_LEFT_RIGHT
+                };
+
+                auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+                for(size_t i = 0; i < std::size(lightMapping); ++i) {
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[lightMapping[i]], data[i] == 0 ? 0.f : 1.f);
+                }
+
+                RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+                m_read_buf_mutex.lock();
+                m_read_buf.insert(m_read_buf.end(), responseBuffer.begin(), responseBuffer.end());
+                m_read_buf_mutex.unlock();
+                return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+            }
+            break;
+            case P4IOCmd::CoinHandler: {
+                respHeader->length = 0x04;
+
+                // TODO:
+                m_read_buf_mutex.lock();
+                m_read_buf.insert(m_read_buf.end(), responseBuffer.begin(), responseBuffer.end());
+                m_read_buf_mutex.unlock();
+                return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+            }
+            break;
+            case P4IOCmd::SciTransfer: {
+                // request is 1 byte port #, followed by data
+
+                if(header->length > 1 && data[0] == 0) {
+                    for(size_t i = 0; i < header->length-1u; ++i) {
+                        m_acio_emu->write(data[1+i]);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                respHeader->length = 2;
+
+                //response is 1 byte port #, 1 byte error flag, followed by data
+                if(header->length >= 1 && data[0] == 0) {
+                    uint8_t readBytes = 0;
+
+                    while(readBytes < 58) {
+                        const auto b = m_acio_emu->read();
+
+                        if(!b.has_value()) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+
+                        respData[2+readBytes] = b.value();
+                        ++readBytes;
+                    }
+
+                    respHeader->length = 2+readBytes;
+                }
+
+                m_read_buf_mutex.lock();
+                m_read_buf.insert(m_read_buf.end(), responseBuffer.begin(), responseBuffer.end());
+                m_read_buf_mutex.unlock();
+                return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+            }
+            break;
+            case P4IOCmd::ReadSecPlug_01: {
+                // maybe just a presense check
+
+                respHeader->length = 0x09;
+                memset(&respData[1], 0xAA, 8);
+
+                m_read_buf_mutex.lock();
+                m_read_buf.insert(m_read_buf.end(), responseBuffer.begin(), responseBuffer.end());
+                m_read_buf_mutex.unlock();
+                return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+            }
+            break;
+            case P4IOCmd::ReadSecPlug_02: {
+                respHeader->length = 0x21;
+
+                if(data[0] == 0) {
+                    memcpy(&respData[1], blackPlugData, sizeof(blackPlugData));
+                } else {
+                    memcpy(&respData[1], whitePlugData, sizeof(whitePlugData));
+                }
+
+                m_read_buf_mutex.lock();
+                m_read_buf.insert(m_read_buf.end(), responseBuffer.begin(), responseBuffer.end());
+                m_read_buf_mutex.unlock();
+                return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int DDRP4IOHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                                 DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+        if(((dwIoControlCode>>16)&0xFFFF) == FILE_DEVICE_UNKNOWN) {
+            switch((dwIoControlCode>>2)&0x3FFF) {
+                case P4IO_IOCTL_GET_INPUTS: {
+                    memset(lpOutBuffer, 0, 16);
+                    auto controls = (uint32_t*) lpOutBuffer;
+
+                    const std::pair<size_t, uint8_t> buttonMapping[] =
+                    {
+                        {Buttons::SERVICE, 25}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::TEST, 28}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::COIN_MECH, 24}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_START, 0}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_PANEL_UP, 5}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_PANEL_DOWN, 6}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_PANEL_LEFT, 7}, //Goood
+                        {Buttons::P1_PANEL_RIGHT, 16}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_MENU_UP, 1}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_MENU_DOWN, 2}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_MENU_LEFT, 3}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P1_MENU_RIGHT, 4}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_START, 8}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_PANEL_UP, 13}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_PANEL_DOWN, 14}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_PANEL_LEFT, 15}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_PANEL_RIGHT, 20}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_MENU_UP, 9}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_MENU_DOWN, 10}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_MENU_LEFT, 11}, //Good
+                        {Buttons::P2_MENU_RIGHT, 12}, //Good
+                    };
+
+                    auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+                    for(const auto &mapping : buttonMapping)
+                    {
+                        if(GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[mapping.first]))
+                        {
+                            controls[mapping.second/32] |= 1<<(mapping.second%32);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    return 16;
+                }
+                break;
+                case P4IO_IOCTL_GET_VERSION_FUNC: {
+                    if(nOutBufferSize > strlen("spicy p4io") + 1) {
+                        strcpy((char*)lpOutBuffer, "spicy p4io");
+                        return 11;
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool DDRP4IOHandle::close() {
+        log_info("ddr", "Closed P4IO");
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    DDRP4IOHandle::HDXSDevice::HDXSDevice() {
+        this->node_count = 1;
+    }
+
+    bool DDRP4IOHandle::HDXSDevice::parse_msg(
+        acioemu::MessageData* msg_in,
+        circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) {
+        switch(msg_in->cmd.code)
+        {
+            case acioemu::ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION: {
+                auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, acioemu::MSG_VERSION_SIZE);
+                this->set_version(msg, 0x204, 0, 1, 6, 0, "HDXS");
+                write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+                delete msg;
+            }
+            break;
+            case acioemu::ACIO_CMD_KEEPALIVE: {
+                auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 0);
+                write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+                delete msg;
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+            case acioemu::ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+            case acioemu::ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+            case 0x110:
+            case 0x128:
+            {
+                auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0x00);
+                write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+                delete msg;
+            }
+            break;
+            default:
+                log_info("ddr", "HDXS unhandled {:03X}", msg_in->cmd.code);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/ddr/p4io/p4io.h b/games/ddr/p4io/p4io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c42d342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ddr/p4io/p4io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "acioemu/acioemu.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace games::ddr {
+    class DDRP4IOHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        acioemu::ACIOEmu *m_acio_emu;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> m_read_buf;
+        std::mutex m_read_buf_mutex;
+
+        class HDXSDevice : public acioemu::ACIODeviceEmu {
+        public:
+            HDXSDevice();
+
+            bool parse_msg(
+                acioemu::MessageData* msg_in,
+                circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer
+            ) override;
+        };
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/dea/dea.cpp b/games/dea/dea.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..406e30d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/dea/dea.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include "dea.h"
+
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace games::dea {
+
+    DEAGame::DEAGame() : Game("Dance Evolution") {
+    }
+
+    void DEAGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // since this DLL isn't automatically loaded the hooks don't work unless we load it manually
+        libutils::try_library(MODULE_PATH / "gamekdm.dll");
+
+        // Has the user actually performed first-time setup?
+        auto kinect10 = libutils::try_library("Kinect10.dll");
+        if (!kinect10) {
+            log_warning("dea", "Failed to load 'Kinect10.dll'. Game will boot in Test Mode. Have you installed the Kinect SDK?");
+        } else {
+            FreeLibrary(kinect10);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/dea/dea.h b/games/dea/dea.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c019414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/dea/dea.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::dea {
+
+    class DEAGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        DEAGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/dea/io.cpp b/games/dea/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..21aacd2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/dea/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::dea::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Dance Evolution");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P1 Left",
+                "P1 Right",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "P2 Left",
+                "P2 Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::dea::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Dance Evolution");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Title R",
+                "Title G",
+                "Title B",
+                "Side Upper Left R",
+                "Side Upper Left G",
+                "Side Upper Left B",
+                "Side Upper Right R",
+                "Side Upper Right G",
+                "Side Upper Right B",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P1 L/R Button",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "P2 L/R Button",
+                "Side Lower Left 1 R",
+                "Side Lower Left 1 G",
+                "Side Lower Left 1 B",
+                "Side Lower Left 2 R",
+                "Side Lower Left 2 G",
+                "Side Lower Left 2 B",
+                "Side Lower Left 3 R",
+                "Side Lower Left 3 G",
+                "Side Lower Left 3 B",
+                "Side Lower Right 1 R",
+                "Side Lower Right 1 G",
+                "Side Lower Right 1 B",
+                "Side Lower Right 2 R",
+                "Side Lower Right 2 G",
+                "Side Lower Right 2 B",
+                "Side Lower Right 3 R",
+                "Side Lower Right 3 G",
+                "Side Lower Right 3 B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/dea/io.h b/games/dea/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49e49cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/dea/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::dea {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            P1Start,
+            P1Left,
+            P1Right,
+            P2Start,
+            P2Left,
+            P2Right
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            TitleR,
+            TitleG,
+            TitleB,
+            SideUpperLeftR,
+            SideUpperLeftG,
+            SideUpperLeftB,
+            SideUpperRightR,
+            SideUpperRightG,
+            SideUpperRightB,
+            P1Start,
+            P1LRButton,
+            P2Start,
+            P2LRButton,
+            SideLowerLeft1R,
+            SideLowerLeft1G,
+            SideLowerLeft1B,
+            SideLowerLeft2R,
+            SideLowerLeft2G,
+            SideLowerLeft2B,
+            SideLowerLeft3R,
+            SideLowerLeft3G,
+            SideLowerLeft3B,
+            SideLowerRight1R,
+            SideLowerRight1G,
+            SideLowerRight1B,
+            SideLowerRight2R,
+            SideLowerRight2G,
+            SideLowerRight2B,
+            SideLowerRight3R,
+            SideLowerRight3G,
+            SideLowerRight3B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/drs/drs.cpp b/games/drs/drs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01d9cff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/drs/drs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+#include "drs.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/game.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "misc/vrutil.h"
+
+#pragma pack(push)
+
+typedef struct {
+    union {
+        struct {
+            WORD unk1;
+            WORD unk2;
+            WORD device_id;
+            WORD vid;
+            WORD pid;
+            WORD pvn;
+            WORD max_point_num;
+        };
+        uint8_t raw[2356];
+    };
+} dev_info_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    DWORD cid;
+    DWORD type;
+    DWORD unused;
+    DWORD y;
+    DWORD x;
+    DWORD height;
+    DWORD width;
+    DWORD unk8;
+} touch_data_t;
+
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+enum touch_type {
+    TS_DOWN = 1,
+    TS_MOVE = 2,
+    TS_UP = 3,
+};
+
+void *user_data = nullptr;
+void (*touch_callback)(
+        dev_info_t *dev_info,
+        const touch_data_t *touch_data,
+        int touch_points,
+        int unk1,
+        const void *user_data);
+
+namespace games::drs {
+
+	void* TouchSDK_Constructor(void* in) {
+		return in;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_SendData(dev_info_t*,
+	        unsigned char * const, int, unsigned char * const,
+	        unsigned char* output, int output_size) {
+
+        // fake success
+        if (output_size >= 4) {
+			output[0] = 0xfc;
+			output[1] = 0xa5;
+		}
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_SetSignalInit(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	void TouchSDK_Destructor(void* This) {
+	}
+
+	int TouchSDK_GetYLedTotal(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return 53;
+	}
+
+	int TouchSDK_GetXLedTotal(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return 41;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_DisableTouch(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_DisableDrag(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_DisableWheel(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_DisableRightClick(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_SetMultiTouchMode(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_EnableTouchWidthData(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_EnableRawData(dev_info_t*, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	bool TouchSDK_SetAllEnable(dev_info_t*, bool, int) {
+		return true;
+	}
+
+	int TouchSDK_GetTouchDeviceCount(void* This) {
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+	unsigned int TouchSDK_GetTouchSDKVersion(void) {
+		return 0x01030307;
+	}
+
+	int TouchSDK_InitTouch(void* This, dev_info_t *devices, int max_devices, void* touch_event_cb,
+	        void* hotplug_callback, void* userdata) {
+
+        // fake touch device
+        memset(devices, 0, sizeof(devices[0].raw));
+        devices[0].unk1 = 0x1122;
+        devices[0].unk2 = 0x3344;
+        devices[0].device_id = 0;
+        devices[0].vid = 0xDEAD;
+        devices[0].pid = 0xBEEF;
+        devices[0].pvn = 0xC0DE;
+        devices[0].max_point_num = 16;
+
+        // remember provided callback and userdata
+        touch_callback = (decltype(touch_callback)) touch_event_cb;
+        user_data = userdata;
+
+        // success
+		return 1;
+	}
+
+    char DRS_TAPELED[38 * 49][3] {};
+    bool VR_STARTED = false;
+    bool DISABLE_TOUCH = false;
+    bool TRANSPOSE_TOUCH = false;
+    linalg::aliases::float3 VR_SCALE(100, 100, 1.f);
+    linalg::aliases::float3 VR_OFFSET(0.f, 0.f, -0.1f);
+    float VR_ROTATION = 0.f;
+    VRFoot VR_FOOTS[2] {
+            {1},
+            {2},
+    };
+
+    std::vector<TouchEvent> TOUCH_EVENTS;
+
+    inline DWORD scale_double_to_xy(double val) {
+        return static_cast<DWORD>(val * 32768);
+    }
+
+    inline DWORD scale_double_to_height(double val) {
+        return static_cast<DWORD>(val * 1312);
+    }
+
+    inline DWORD scale_double_to_width(double val) {
+        return static_cast<DWORD>(val * 1696);
+    }
+
+    void fire_touches(drs_touch_t *events, size_t event_count) {
+
+        // check callback first
+        if (!touch_callback) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // generate touch data
+        auto game_touches = std::make_unique<touch_data_t[]>(event_count);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < event_count; i++) {
+
+            // initialize touch value
+            game_touches[i].cid = (DWORD) events[i].id;
+            game_touches[i].unk8 = 0;
+
+            // copy scaled values
+            game_touches[i].x = scale_double_to_xy(events[i].x);
+            game_touches[i].y = scale_double_to_xy(events[i].y);
+            game_touches[i].width = scale_double_to_width(events[i].width);
+            game_touches[i].height = scale_double_to_height(events[i].height);
+
+            // decide touch type
+            switch(events[i].type) {
+                case DRS_DOWN:
+                    game_touches[i].type = TS_DOWN;
+                    break;
+                case DRS_UP:
+                    game_touches[i].type = TS_UP;
+                    break;
+                case DRS_MOVE:
+                    game_touches[i].type = TS_MOVE;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // build device information
+        dev_info_t dev;
+        dev.unk1 = 0;
+        dev.unk2 = 0;
+        dev.device_id = 0;
+        dev.vid = 0xDEAD;
+        dev.pid = 0xBEEF;
+        dev.pvn = 0xC0DE;
+        dev.max_point_num = 16;
+
+        // fire callback
+        touch_callback(&dev, game_touches.get(), (int) event_count, 0, user_data);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t VRFoot::get_index() {
+        if (index == ~0u) {
+            if (id == 1) return vrutil::INDEX_LEFT;
+            if (id == 2) return vrutil::INDEX_RIGHT;
+        }
+        return index;
+    }
+
+    linalg::aliases::float3 VRFoot::to_world(linalg::aliases::float3 pos) {
+        pos = linalg::aliases::float3(-pos.z, pos.x, pos.y);
+        const float deg_to_rad = (float) (1 / 180.f * M_PI);
+        auto s = sinf(VR_ROTATION * deg_to_rad);
+        auto c = cosf(VR_ROTATION * deg_to_rad);
+        pos = linalg::aliases::float3(pos.x * c - pos.y * s,
+                                      pos.x * s + pos.y * c,
+                                      pos.z);
+        return pos * VR_SCALE + VR_OFFSET;
+    }
+
+    void start_vr() {
+        if (vrutil::STATUS != vrutil::VRStatus::Running) return;
+        if (!VR_STARTED) {
+            VR_STARTED = true;
+            std::thread t([] {
+                log_info("drs", "starting VR thread");
+
+                // dance floor plane
+                const linalg::aliases::float3 plane_normal(0, 0, 1);
+                const linalg::aliases::float3 plane_point(0, 0, 0);
+                const float touch_width = 1.f;
+                const float touch_height = 1.f;
+
+                // main loop
+                while (vrutil::STATUS == vrutil::VRStatus::Running) {
+
+                    // iterate foots
+                    for (auto &foot : VR_FOOTS) {
+                        vr::TrackedDevicePose_t pose;
+                        vr::VRControllerState_t state;
+                        vrutil::get_con_pose(foot.get_index(), &pose, &state);
+
+                        // only accept valid poses
+                        if (pose.bPoseIsValid) {
+                            auto length = std::max(foot.length, 0.001f);
+
+                            // get components
+                            auto translation = foot.to_world(vrutil::get_translation(
+                                    pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking));
+                            auto direction = -linalg::qzdir(linalg::qmul(
+                                    vrutil::get_rotation(pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking.m),
+                                    foot.rotation));
+                            direction = linalg::aliases::float3 {
+                                    -direction.z, direction.x, direction.y
+                            };
+
+                            // get intersection point
+                            auto intersection = vrutil::intersect_point(
+                                    direction, translation,
+                                    plane_normal, plane_point);
+                            auto distance = linalg::distance(
+                                    translation, intersection);
+
+                            // update event details
+                            foot.height = std::max(0.f, translation.z - intersection.z);
+                            foot.event.id = foot.id;
+                            foot.event.x = (intersection.x / 38.f) * touch_width;
+                            foot.event.y = (intersection.y / 49.f) * touch_height;
+                            if (translation.z > intersection.z) {
+                                foot.event.width = foot.size_base
+                                        + foot.size_scale * std::max(0.f, 1.f - distance / length);
+                            } else {
+                                foot.event.width = foot.size_base + foot.size_scale;
+                            }
+                            foot.event.height = foot.event.width;
+
+                            // check if controller points down
+                            if (direction.z < 0) {
+
+                                // check if plane in range
+                                if (distance <= length) {
+
+                                    // check previous event
+                                    switch (foot.event.type) {
+                                        case DRS_UP:
+
+                                            // generate down event
+                                            foot.event.type = DRS_DOWN;
+                                            break;
+
+                                        case DRS_DOWN:
+                                        case DRS_MOVE:
+
+                                            // generate move event
+                                            foot.event.type = DRS_MOVE;
+                                            break;
+
+                                        default:
+                                            break;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // send event
+                                    drs::fire_touches(&foot.event, 1);
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // foot not intersecting with plane
+                            switch (foot.event.type) {
+                                case DRS_DOWN:
+                                case DRS_MOVE:
+
+                                    // generate up event
+                                    foot.event.type = DRS_UP;
+                                    drs::fire_touches(&foot.event, 1);
+                                    break;
+
+                                case DRS_UP:
+                                default:
+                                    break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // slow down
+                    vrutil::scan();
+                    std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+                }
+                VR_STARTED = false;
+                return nullptr;
+            });
+            t.detach();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void start_touch() {
+        std::thread t([] {
+            log_info("drs", "starting touch input thread");
+
+            // main loop
+            while (TRUE) {
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+
+                TOUCH_EVENTS.clear();
+                touch_get_events(TOUCH_EVENTS);
+                for (auto &te : TOUCH_EVENTS) {
+                    drs_touch_t drs_event;
+                    switch (te.type) {
+                        case TOUCH_DOWN:
+                            drs_event.type = DRS_DOWN;
+                            break;
+                        case TOUCH_UP:
+                            drs_event.type = DRS_UP;
+                            break;
+                        case TOUCH_MOVE:
+                            drs_event.type = DRS_MOVE;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    drs_event.id = te.id;
+
+                    // DRS uses 100x100 (px) as default foot size, so use that
+                    const float w = 100.1/1920.f;
+                    const float h = 100.1/1080.f;
+                    drs_event.width = w;
+                    drs_event.height = h;
+
+                    const float x = te.x / 1920.f;
+                    const float y = te.y / 1080.f;
+                    // note that only x-y are transposed, not w-h
+                    if (TRANSPOSE_TOUCH) {
+                        drs_event.x = y;
+                        drs_event.y = x;
+                    } else {
+                        drs_event.x = x;
+                        drs_event.y = y;
+                    }
+                    drs::fire_touches(&drs_event, 1);
+                }
+            }
+
+            return nullptr;
+        });
+        t.detach();
+    }
+
+    DRSGame::DRSGame() : Game("DANCERUSH") {
+    }
+
+    void DRSGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // TouchSDK hooks
+        detour::iat("??0TouchSDK@@QEAA@XZ",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_Constructor, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?SendData@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@QEAEH1HH@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_SendData, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?SetSignalInit@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_SetSignalInit, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("??1TouchSDK@@QEAA@XZ",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_Destructor, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?GetYLedTotal@TouchSDK@@QEAAHU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_GetYLedTotal, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?GetXLedTotal@TouchSDK@@QEAAHU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_GetXLedTotal, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?DisableTouch@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_DisableTouch, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?DisableDrag@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_DisableDrag, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?DisableWheel@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_DisableWheel, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?DisableRightClick@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_DisableRightClick, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?SetMultiTouchMode@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_SetMultiTouchMode, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?EnableTouchWidthData@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_EnableTouchWidthData, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?EnableRawData@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@H@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_EnableRawData, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?SetAllEnable@TouchSDK@@QEAA_NU_DeviceInfo@@_NH@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_SetAllEnable, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?GetTouchDeviceCount@TouchSDK@@QEAAHXZ",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_GetTouchDeviceCount, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?GetTouchSDKVersion@TouchSDK@@QEAAIXZ",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_GetTouchSDKVersion, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        detour::iat("?InitTouch@TouchSDK@@QEAAHPEAU_DeviceInfo@@HP6AXU2@PEBU_TouchPointData@@HHPEBX@ZP6AX1_N3@ZPEAX@Z",
+                (void *) &TouchSDK_InitTouch, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        if (vrutil::STATUS == vrutil::VRStatus::Running) {
+            start_vr();
+        } else if (!DISABLE_TOUCH) {
+            start_touch();
+        } else {
+            log_info("drs", "no native input method detected");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void DRSGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/drs/drs.h b/games/drs/drs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c21711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/drs/drs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+#include "external/linalg.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+namespace games::drs {
+
+    enum DRS_TOUCH_TYPE {
+        DRS_DOWN = 0,
+        DRS_UP   = 1,
+        DRS_MOVE = 2,
+    };
+
+    typedef struct drs_touch {
+        int type = DRS_UP;
+        int id = 0;
+        double x = 0.0;
+        double y = 0.0;
+        double width = 1;
+        double height = 1;
+    } drs_touch_t;
+
+    struct VRFoot {
+        uint32_t id;
+        uint32_t index = ~0u;
+        float length = 3.1f;
+        float size_base = 0.05f;
+        float size_scale = 0.1f;
+        float height = 3.f;
+        linalg::aliases::float4 rotation {0, 0, 0, 1};
+        drs_touch_t event {};
+        uint32_t get_index();
+        linalg::aliases::float3 to_world(linalg::aliases::float3 pos);
+    };
+
+    extern char DRS_TAPELED[38 * 49][3];
+    extern linalg::aliases::float3 VR_SCALE;
+    extern linalg::aliases::float3 VR_OFFSET;
+    extern float VR_ROTATION;
+    extern VRFoot VR_FOOTS[2];
+    extern std::vector<TouchEvent> TOUCH_EVENTS;
+    extern bool DISABLE_TOUCH;
+    extern bool TRANSPOSE_TOUCH;
+
+    void fire_touches(drs_touch_t *events, size_t event_count);
+    void start_vr();
+    void start_touch();
+
+    class DRSGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        DRSGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/drs/io.cpp b/games/drs/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a1a55cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/drs/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::drs::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("DANCERUSH");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P1 Up",
+                "P1 Down",
+                "P1 Left",
+                "P1 Right",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "P2 Up",
+                "P2 Down",
+                "P2 Left",
+                "P2 Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::drs::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("DANCERUSH");
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+               &lights,
+               "P1 Start",
+               "P1 Menu Up",
+               "P1 Menu Down",
+               "P1 Menu Left",
+               "P1 Menu Right",
+               "P2 Start",
+               "P2 Menu Up",
+               "P2 Menu Down",
+               "P2 Menu Left",
+               "P2 Menu Right",
+               "Card Reader R",
+               "Card Reader G",
+               "Card Reader B",
+               "Title Panel R",
+               "Title Panel G",
+               "Title Panel B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/drs/io.h b/games/drs/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..91a9144
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/drs/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::drs {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            P1_Start,
+            P1_Up,
+            P1_Down,
+            P1_Left,
+            P1_Right,
+            P2_Start,
+            P2_Up,
+            P2_Down,
+            P2_Left,
+            P2_Right
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            P1_START,
+            P1_MENU_UP,
+            P1_MENU_DOWN,
+            P1_MENU_LEFT,
+            P1_MENU_RIGHT,
+            P2_START,
+            P2_MENU_UP,
+            P2_MENU_DOWN,
+            P2_MENU_LEFT,
+            P2_MENU_RIGHT,
+            CARD_READER_R,
+            CARD_READER_G,
+            CARD_READER_B,
+            TITLE_PANEL_R,
+            TITLE_PANEL_G,
+            TITLE_PANEL_B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/ftt/ftt.cpp b/games/ftt/ftt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1344c76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ftt/ftt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#include "ftt.h"
+#include "nui.h"
+
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+
+typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *NuiGetSensorCount_t)(int *pCount);
+typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *NuiCreateSensorByIndex_t)(int index, INuiSensor **ppNuiSensor);
+
+static NuiGetSensorCount_t NuiGetSensorCount_orig = nullptr;
+static NuiCreateSensorByIndex_t NuiCreateSensorByIndex_orig = nullptr;
+
+static VTBL_TYPE(INuiSensor, NuiInitialize) INuiSensor_NuiInitialize_orig = nullptr;
+static VTBL_TYPE(INuiSensor, NuiImageStreamOpen) INuiSensor_NuiImageStreamOpen_orig = nullptr;
+
+static HRESULT __stdcall INuiSensor_NuiInitialize_hook(INuiSensor *This, DWORD dwFlags) {
+    log_misc("ftt", "INuiSensor::NuiInitialize hook hit (dwFlags: {})", dwFlags);
+
+    // call original function
+    HRESULT ret = INuiSensor_NuiInitialize_orig(This, dwFlags);
+
+    // check return value
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_warning("ftt", "INuiSensor::NuiInitialize failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static HRESULT __stdcall INuiSensor_NuiImageStreamOpen_hook(
+    INuiSensor *This,
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE eImageType,
+    NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION eResolution,
+    DWORD dwImageFrameFlags,
+    DWORD dwFrameLimit,
+    HANDLE hNextFrameEvent,
+    HANDLE *phStreamHandle) {
+    log_misc("ftt", "INuiSensor::NuiImageStreamOpen hook hit");
+
+    // fix unsupported flag
+    if (eImageType == NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_DEPTH_AND_PLAYER_INDEX) {
+        dwImageFrameFlags = 0;
+    }
+
+    // call original function
+    HRESULT ret = INuiSensor_NuiImageStreamOpen_orig(This, eImageType, eResolution, dwImageFrameFlags, dwFrameLimit, hNextFrameEvent, phStreamHandle);
+
+    // check return value
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_warning("ftt", "INuiSensor::NuiImageStreamOpen failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static HRESULT WINAPI NuiGetSensorCount_hook(int *pCount) {
+    log_misc("ftt", "NuiGetSensorCount hook hit");
+
+    // call original function
+    HRESULT ret = NuiGetSensorCount_orig(pCount);
+
+    // check return value
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_warning("ftt", "NuiGetSensorCount failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (pCount == nullptr) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    log_info("ftt", "found {} Kinect sensors", *pCount);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static HRESULT WINAPI NuiCreateSensorByIndex_hook(int index, INuiSensor **ppNuiSensor) {
+    log_misc("ftt", "NuiCreateSensorByIndex hook hit");
+
+    // call original function
+    HRESULT ret = NuiCreateSensorByIndex_orig(index, ppNuiSensor);
+
+    // check return value
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_warning("ftt", "NuiCreateSensorByIndex failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+        return ret;
+    }
+    if (ppNuiSensor == nullptr) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // save original functions
+    INuiSensor *pNuiSensor = *ppNuiSensor;
+    if (INuiSensor_NuiInitialize_orig == nullptr) {
+        INuiSensor_NuiInitialize_orig = pNuiSensor->lpVtbl->NuiInitialize;
+    }
+    if (INuiSensor_NuiImageStreamOpen_orig == nullptr) {
+        INuiSensor_NuiImageStreamOpen_orig = pNuiSensor->lpVtbl->NuiImageStreamOpen;
+    }
+
+    // unlock interface
+    memutils::VProtectGuard pNuiSensor_guard(pNuiSensor->lpVtbl);
+
+    // hook interface
+    pNuiSensor->lpVtbl->NuiInitialize = INuiSensor_NuiInitialize_hook;
+    pNuiSensor->lpVtbl->NuiImageStreamOpen = INuiSensor_NuiImageStreamOpen_hook;
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+namespace games::ftt {
+
+    FTTGame::FTTGame() : Game("FutureTomTom") {
+    }
+
+    void FTTGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // load main game module so patches work
+        auto game_dll = libutils::load_library(MODULE_PATH / "gamemmd.dll");
+
+        // patch kinect to always poll
+        if (!replace_pattern(game_dll,
+                "78??837B340775??488BCBE8",
+                "????????????9090????????",
+                0,
+                0))
+        {
+            log_warning("ftt", "kinect polling patch failed");
+        }
+
+        // patch kinect to not time out
+        if (!replace_pattern(game_dll,
+                "3D3075000072??C74334060000004883C420",
+                "??????????????90909090909090????????",
+                0,
+                0))
+        {
+            log_warning("ftt", "kinect timeout patch failed");
+        }
+
+        // hook Kinect calls
+        NuiGetSensorCount_orig = (NuiGetSensorCount_t) detour::iat_ordinal(
+                "Kinect10.dll", 5, (void *) NuiGetSensorCount_hook, game_dll);
+        NuiCreateSensorByIndex_orig = (NuiCreateSensorByIndex_t) detour::iat_ordinal(
+                "Kinect10.dll", 6, (void *) NuiCreateSensorByIndex_hook, game_dll);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/ftt/ftt.h b/games/ftt/ftt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fed2d38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ftt/ftt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::ftt {
+
+    class FTTGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        FTTGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/ftt/io.cpp b/games/ftt/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42a8030
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ftt/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::ftt::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("FutureTomTom");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Pad 1",
+                "Pad 2",
+                "Pad 3",
+                "Pad 4"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::ftt::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("FutureTomTom");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Pad 1",
+                "Pad 2",
+                "Pad 3",
+                "Pad 4"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::ftt::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("FutureTomTom");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Pad 1 Red",
+                "Pad 1 Green",
+                "Pad 1 Blue",
+                "Pad 2 Red",
+                "Pad 2 Green",
+                "Pad 2 Blue",
+                "Pad 3 Red",
+                "Pad 3 Green",
+                "Pad 3 Blue",
+                "Pad 4 Red",
+                "Pad 4 Green",
+                "Pad 4 Blue"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/ftt/io.h b/games/ftt/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9cdca28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ftt/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::ftt {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Pad1,
+            Pad2,
+            Pad3,
+            Pad4,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            Pad1,
+            Pad2,
+            Pad3,
+            Pad4,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            Pad1_R,
+            Pad1_G,
+            Pad1_B,
+            Pad2_R,
+            Pad2_G,
+            Pad2_B,
+            Pad3_R,
+            Pad3_G,
+            Pad3_B,
+            Pad4_R,
+            Pad4_G,
+            Pad4_B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/ftt/nui.h b/games/ftt/nui.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ac8c2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/ftt/nui.h
@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <unknwn.h>
+
+enum NUI_IMAGE_TYPE {
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_DEPTH_AND_PLAYER_INDEX = 0x0,
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_COLOR = 0x1,
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_COLOR_YUV = 0x2,
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_COLOR_RAW_YUV = 0x3,
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_DEPTH = 0x4,
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_COLOR_INFRARED = 0x5,
+    NUI_IMAGE_TYPE_COLOR_RAW_BAYER = 0x6,
+};
+
+enum NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION {
+    NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION_80x60 = 0x0,
+    NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION_320x240 = 0x1,
+    NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION_640x480 = 0x2,
+    NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION_1280x960 = 0x3,
+    NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION_INVALID = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+};
+
+#pragma pack(push, 8)
+struct INuiSensor {
+    struct INuiSensorVtbl *lpVtbl;
+};
+
+struct INuiSensorVtbl {
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *QueryInterface)(IUnknown *This, const IID *const riid, void **ppvObject);
+    ULONG (__stdcall *AddRef)(IUnknown *This);
+    ULONG (__stdcall *Release)(IUnknown *This);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiInitialize)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        DWORD dwFlags);
+
+    void (__stdcall *NuiShutdown)(INuiSensor *This);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiSetFrameEndEvent)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        HANDLE hEvent,
+        DWORD dwFrameEventFlag);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageStreamOpen)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        NUI_IMAGE_TYPE eImageType,
+        NUI_IMAGE_RESOLUTION eResolution,
+        DWORD dwImageFrameFlags,
+        DWORD dwFrameLimit,
+        HANDLE hNextFrameEvent,
+        HANDLE *phStreamHandle);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageStreamSetImageFrameFlags)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        HANDLE hStream,
+        DWORD dwImageFrameFlags);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageStreamGetImageFrameFlags)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        HANDLE hStream,
+        DWORD *pdwImageFrameFlags);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageStreamGetNextFrame)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        HANDLE hStream,
+        DWORD dwMillisecondsToWait,
+        void *pImageFrame);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageStreamReleaseFrame)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        HANDLE hStream,
+        void *pImageFrame);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageGetColorPixelCoordinatesFromDepthPixel)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        DWORD eColorResolution,
+        const void *pcViewArea,
+        LONG lDepthX,
+        LONG lDepthY,
+        USHORT usDepthValue,
+        LONG *plColorX,
+        LONG *plColorY);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageGetColorPixelCoordinatesFromDepthPixelAtResolution)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        DWORD eColorResolution,
+        DWORD eDepthResolution,
+        const void *pcViewArea,
+        LONG lDepthX,
+        LONG lDepthY,
+        USHORT usDepthValue,
+        LONG *plColorX,
+        LONG *plColorY);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageGetColorPixelCoordinateFrameFromDepthPixelFrameAtResolution)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        DWORD eColorResolution,
+        DWORD eDepthResolution,
+        DWORD cDepthValues,
+        USHORT *pDepthValues,
+        DWORD cColorCoordinates,
+        LONG *pColorCoordinates);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiCameraElevationSetAngle)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        LONG lAngleDegrees);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiCameraElevationGetAngle)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        LONG *plAngleDegrees);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiSkeletonTrackingEnable)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        HANDLE hNextFrameEvent,
+        DWORD dwFlags);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiSkeletonTrackingDisable)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiSkeletonSetTrackedSkeletons)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        DWORD *TrackingIDs);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiSkeletonGetNextFrame)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        DWORD dwMillisecondsToWait,
+        void *pSkeletonFrame);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiTransformSmooth)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        void *pSkeletonFrame,
+        const void *pSmoothingParams);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiGetAudioSource)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        void **ppDmo);
+
+    int (__stdcall *NuiInstanceIndex)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    BSTR (__stdcall *NuiDeviceConnectionId)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    BSTR (__stdcall *NuiUniqueId)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    BSTR (__stdcall *NuiAudioArrayId)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiStatus)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    DWORD (__stdcall *NuiInitializationFlags)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiGetCoordinateMapper)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        void **pMapping);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiImageFrameGetDepthImagePixelFrameTexture)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        HANDLE hStream,
+        void *pImageFrame,
+        BOOL *pNearMode,
+        void **ppFrameTexture);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiGetColorCameraSettings)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        void **pCameraSettings);
+
+    BOOL (__stdcall *NuiGetForceInfraredEmitterOff)(
+        INuiSensor *This);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiSetForceInfraredEmitterOff)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        BOOL fForceInfraredEmitterOff);
+
+    HRESULT (__stdcall *NuiAccelerometerGetCurrentReading)(
+        INuiSensor *This,
+        void *pReading);
+};
+#pragma pack(pop)
diff --git a/games/game.cpp b/games/game.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54e7f10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/game.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "game.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+games::Game::Game(std::string name) {
+    this->name = name;
+}
+
+void games::Game::attach() {
+    log_info("game", "attach: {}", name);
+}
+
+void games::Game::pre_attach() {
+    log_info("game", "pre_attach: {}", name);
+}
+
+void games::Game::post_attach() {
+    log_info("game", "post_attach: {}", name);
+}
+
+void games::Game::detach() {
+    log_info("game", "detach: {}", name);
+}
diff --git a/games/game.h b/games/game.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..775434d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/game.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace games {
+
+    class Game {
+    private:
+        std::string name;
+
+    public:
+
+        Game(std::string name);
+        virtual ~Game() = default;
+
+        // where the main magic will happen
+        virtual void attach();
+
+        // optional
+        virtual void pre_attach();
+        virtual void post_attach();
+        virtual void detach();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/gitadora/gitadora.cpp b/games/gitadora/gitadora.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b108ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/gitadora/gitadora.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#include "gitadora.h"
+
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/cpuutils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+
+namespace games::gitadora {
+
+    // settings
+    bool TWOCHANNEL = false;
+    std::optional<unsigned int> CAB_TYPE = std::nullopt;
+
+    /*
+     * GitaDora checks if the IP address has changed, and if it has it throws 5-1506-0000 like jubeat.
+     * We don't want this so we patch it out.
+     */
+    static char __cdecl eam_network_detected_ip_change() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * GitaDora checks if the server it connects to is in the 192.168.0.0/16 or 169.254.0.0/16 subnet.
+     * If it is, it downright refuses to use it and errors with no visible indication.
+     * We don't want this so we patch it out.
+     */
+    static char __cdecl eam_network_settings_conflict() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Prevent GitaDora from changing the volume setting.
+     */
+    static long __cdecl bmsd2_set_windows_volume(int volume) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+
+    /*
+     * Two Channel Audio Mode
+     * We proxy bmsd2_boot_hook and modify the last parameter which is apparently the channel count.
+     * Since this apparently isn't the only thing required we need a signature scan to modify a value as well.
+     */
+    typedef int (__cdecl *bmsd2_boot_t)(long a1, int a2, long a3, char channel_count);
+    static bmsd2_boot_t bmsd2_boot_orig = nullptr;
+    static int __cdecl bmsd2_boot_hook(long a1, int a2, long a3, char channel_count) {
+        return bmsd2_boot_orig(a1, a2, a3, 2);
+    }
+
+#endif
+
+    /*
+     * Command Line Arguments
+     * We hook this to override specific values.
+     * This currently disables the ability to specify your own in the app-config.xml (param/cmdline __type="str")
+     */
+    static bool __cdecl sys_code_get_cmdline(const char *cmdline) {
+        if (strcmp(cmdline, "-d") == 0) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (strcmp(cmdline, "-DM") == 0) {
+            return true;
+        } else if (strcmp(cmdline, "-WINDOW") == 0) {
+            return GRAPHICS_WINDOWED;
+        } else if (strcmp(cmdline, "-LOGOUT") == 0) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (strcmp(cmdline, "-AOU") == 0) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (strcmp(cmdline, "-QCMODE") == 0) {
+            return false;
+        } else if (strcmp(cmdline, "-FACTORY") == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * System Setting Parameter Overrides
+     */
+    static std::unordered_map<std::string, long> SYS_SETTINGS;
+    static std::unordered_map<std::string, long> SYS_DEBUG_DIPS;
+
+    static long __cdecl sys_setting_get_param(const char *param) {
+
+        // overrides
+        if (strcmp(param, "PRODUCTION_MODE") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "ENABLE_DISP_ID") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (CAB_TYPE.has_value() && strcmp(param, "VER_MACHINE") == 0) {
+            return CAB_TYPE.value() << 12;
+        }
+
+        // map lookup
+        auto it = SYS_SETTINGS.find(param);
+        if (it != SYS_SETTINGS.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    static long __cdecl sys_setting_set_param(const char *param, long value) {
+        SYS_SETTINGS[std::string(param)] = value;
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static long __cdecl sys_debug_dip_get_param(const char *param) {
+
+        // overrides
+        if (strcmp(param, "sysinfo") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "jobbar1") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "jobbar2") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "serial") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "warnvpf") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "scrshot") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "eamxml") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "offset") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "autodbg") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "develop") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "effect_test") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        } else if (strcmp(param, "voice_type2") == 0) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // map lookup
+        auto it = SYS_DEBUG_DIPS.find(param);
+        if (it != SYS_DEBUG_DIPS.end()) {
+            return it->second;
+        }
+
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    static long __cdecl sys_debug_dip_set_param(const char *param, long value) {
+        SYS_DEBUG_DIPS[std::string(param)] = value;
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    GitaDoraGame::GitaDoraGame() : Game("GitaDora") {
+    }
+
+    void GitaDoraGame::pre_attach() {
+        Game::pre_attach();
+
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            if (CAB_TYPE.has_value()) {
+                log_info("gitadora", "cab type: {}", CAB_TYPE.value());
+            } else {
+                log_warning("gitadora", "cab type: not set");
+            }
+
+            log_info("gitadora", "applying processor affinity workaround to prevent hangs...");
+#ifdef SPICE64
+            // workaround for hang on title screen, on systems with many SMT threads
+            // exact cause is unknown; most likely a bad assumption in some video decoder
+            // 0xFF (first 8 LPs) seems to work well for most people
+            cpuutils::set_processor_affinity(0xFF, false);
+#else
+            // XG versions ran on ancient dual-core AMD systems
+            // having more cores cause random hangs on song select screen
+            cpuutils::set_processor_affinity(0x3, false);
+
+            // check invalid cab type
+            if (CAB_TYPE.has_value() && CAB_TYPE.value() == 3) {
+                log_fatal("gitadora", "Cabinet type 3 (SD2) not supported on XG series");
+            }
+#endif
+        }
+    }
+
+    void GitaDoraGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // modules
+        HMODULE sharepj_module = libutils::try_module("libshare-pj.dll");
+        HMODULE bmsd2_module = libutils::try_module("libbmsd2.dll");
+        HMODULE system_module = libutils::try_module("libsystem.dll");
+
+        // patches
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) eam_network_detected_ip_change, libutils::try_proc(
+                sharepj_module, "eam_network_detected_ip_change"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) eam_network_settings_conflict, libutils::try_proc(
+                sharepj_module, "eam_network_settings_conflict"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) bmsd2_set_windows_volume, libutils::try_proc(
+                bmsd2_module, "bmsd2_set_windows_volume"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sys_code_get_cmdline, libutils::try_proc(
+                system_module, "sys_code_get_cmdline"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sys_setting_get_param, libutils::try_proc(
+                system_module, "sys_setting_get_param"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sys_setting_set_param, libutils::try_proc(
+                system_module, "sys_setting_set_param"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sys_debug_dip_get_param, libutils::try_proc(
+                system_module, "sys_debug_dip_get_param"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sys_debug_dip_set_param, libutils::try_proc(
+                system_module, "sys_debug_dip_set_param"));
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+
+        HMODULE gdme_module = libutils::try_module("libgdme.dll");
+
+        // window patch
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !replace_pattern(
+                gdme_module,
+                "754185ED753D8B4118BF0000CB02",
+                "9090????9090??????????????12", 0, 0))
+        {
+            log_warning("gitadora", "windowed mode failed");
+        }
+
+        HMODULE bmsd_engine_module = libutils::try_module("libbmsd-engine.dll");
+        HMODULE bmsd_module = libutils::try_module("libbmsd.dll");
+
+        // two channel mod
+        if (TWOCHANNEL) {
+            bmsd2_boot_orig = detour::iat_try("bmsd2_boot", bmsd2_boot_hook, bmsd_module);
+
+            if (!(replace_pattern(bmsd_engine_module, "33000000488D", "03??????????", 0, 0) ||
+                    replace_pattern(bmsd_engine_module, "330000000F10", "03??????????", 0, 0)))
+            {
+                log_warning("gitadora", "two channel mode failed");
+            }
+        }
+
+#endif
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/gitadora/gitadora.h b/games/gitadora/gitadora.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5cdf48a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/gitadora/gitadora.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::gitadora {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool TWOCHANNEL;
+    extern std::optional<unsigned int> CAB_TYPE;
+
+    class GitaDoraGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        GitaDoraGame();
+        virtual void pre_attach() override;
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/gitadora/io.cpp b/games/gitadora/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..892edd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/gitadora/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::gitadora::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("GitaDora");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(&buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin",
+                "Guitar P1 Start",
+                "Guitar P1 Up",
+                "Guitar P1 Down",
+                "Guitar P1 Left",
+                "Guitar P1 Right",
+                "Guitar P1 Help",
+                "Guitar P1 Effect 1",
+                "Guitar P1 Effect 2",
+                "Guitar P1 Effect 3",
+                "Guitar P1 Effect Pedal",
+                "Guitar P1 Button Extra 1",
+                "Guitar P1 Button Extra 2",
+                "Guitar P1 Pick Up",
+                "Guitar P1 Pick Down",
+                "Guitar P1 R",
+                "Guitar P1 G",
+                "Guitar P1 B",
+                "Guitar P1 Y",
+                "Guitar P1 P",
+                "Guitar P1 Knob Up",
+                "Guitar P1 Knob Down",
+                "Guitar P1 Wail Up",
+                "Guitar P1 Wail Down",
+                "Guitar P2 Start",
+                "Guitar P2 Up",
+                "Guitar P2 Down",
+                "Guitar P2 Left",
+                "Guitar P2 Right",
+                "Guitar P2 Help",
+                "Guitar P2 Effect 1",
+                "Guitar P2 Effect 2",
+                "Guitar P2 Effect 3",
+                "Guitar P2 Effect Pedal",
+                "Guitar P2 Button Extra 1",
+                "Guitar P2 Button Extra 2",
+                "Guitar P2 Pick Up",
+                "Guitar P2 Pick Down",
+                "Guitar P2 R",
+                "Guitar P2 G",
+                "Guitar P2 B",
+                "Guitar P2 Y",
+                "Guitar P2 P",
+                "Guitar P2 Knob Up",
+                "Guitar P2 Knob Down",
+                "Guitar P2 Wail Up",
+                "Guitar P2 Wail Down",
+                "Drum Start",
+                "Drum Up",
+                "Drum Down",
+                "Drum Left",
+                "Drum Right",
+                "Drum Help",
+                "Drum Button Extra 1",
+                "Drum Button Extra 2",
+                "Drum Hi-Hat",
+                "Drum Hi-Hat Closed",
+                "Drum Hi-Hat Half-Open",
+                "Drum Snare",
+                "Drum Hi-Tom",
+                "Drum Low-Tom",
+                "Drum Right Cymbal",
+                "Drum Bass Pedal",
+                "Drum Left Cymbal",
+                "Drum Left Pedal",
+                "Drum Floor Tom"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::gitadora::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("GitaDora");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(&analogs,
+                "Guitar P1 Wail X",
+                "Guitar P1 Wail Y",
+                "Guitar P1 Wail Z",
+                "Guitar P1 Knob",
+                "Guitar P2 Wail X",
+                "Guitar P2 Wail Y",
+                "Guitar P2 Wail Z",
+                "Guitar P2 Knob"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::gitadora::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("GitaDora");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(&lights,
+                "Guitar P1 Motor",
+                "Guitar P2 Motor",
+
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P1 Menu Up Down (DX)",
+                "P1 Menu Left Right (DX)",
+                "P1 Help (DX)",
+
+                "P2 Start",
+                "P2 Menu Up Down (DX)",
+                "P2 Menu Left Right (DX)",
+                "P2 Help (DX)",
+
+                "Drum Left Cymbal",
+                "Drum Hi-Hat",
+                "Drum Snare",
+                "Drum High Tom",
+                "Drum Low Tom",
+                "Drum Floor Tom",
+                "Drum Right Cymbal",
+
+                "Drum Woofer R",
+                "Drum Woofer G",
+                "Drum Woofer B",
+
+                "Drum Stage R (DX)",
+                "Drum Stage G (DX)",
+                "Drum Stage B (DX)",
+
+                "Spot Left (DX)",
+                "Spot Right (DX)",
+                "Spot Center Left (DX)",
+                "Spot Center Right (DX)",
+
+                "Drum Spot Rear Left (DX)",
+                "Drum Spot Rear Right (DX)",
+
+                "Guitar Lower Left R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Lower Left G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Lower Left B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Lower Right R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Lower Right G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Lower Right B (DX)",
+
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Upper R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Upper G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Upper B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Up Left R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Up Left G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Up Left B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Up Right R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Up Right G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Up Right B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Low Left R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Low Left G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Low Left B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Low Right R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Low Right G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Mid Low Right B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Lower R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Lower G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Left Speaker Lower B (DX)",
+
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Upper R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Upper G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Upper B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Up Left R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Up Left G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Up Left B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Up Right R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Up Right G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Up Right B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Low Left R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Low Left G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Low Left B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Low Right R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Low Right G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Mid Low Right B (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Lower R (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Lower G (DX)",
+                "Guitar Right Speaker Lower B (DX)"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/gitadora/io.h b/games/gitadora/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e02fc2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/gitadora/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::gitadora {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Coin,
+            GuitarP1Start,
+            GuitarP1Up,
+            GuitarP1Down,
+            GuitarP1Left,
+            GuitarP1Right,
+            GuitarP1Help,
+            GuitarP1Effect1,
+            GuitarP1Effect2,
+            GuitarP1Effect3,
+            GuitarP1EffectPedal,
+            GuitarP1ButtonExtra1,
+            GuitarP1ButtonExtra2,
+            GuitarP1PickUp,
+            GuitarP1PickDown,
+            GuitarP1R,
+            GuitarP1G,
+            GuitarP1B,
+            GuitarP1Y,
+            GuitarP1P,
+            GuitarP1KnobUp,
+            GuitarP1KnobDown,
+            GuitarP1WailUp,
+            GuitarP1WailDown,
+            GuitarP2Start,
+            GuitarP2Up,
+            GuitarP2Down,
+            GuitarP2Left,
+            GuitarP2Right,
+            GuitarP2Help,
+            GuitarP2Effect1,
+            GuitarP2Effect2,
+            GuitarP2Effect3,
+            GuitarP2EffectPedal,
+            GuitarP2ButtonExtra1,
+            GuitarP2ButtonExtra2,
+            GuitarP2PickUp,
+            GuitarP2PickDown,
+            GuitarP2R,
+            GuitarP2G,
+            GuitarP2B,
+            GuitarP2Y,
+            GuitarP2P,
+            GuitarP2KnobUp,
+            GuitarP2KnobDown,
+            GuitarP2WailUp,
+            GuitarP2WailDown,
+            DrumStart,
+            DrumUp,
+            DrumDown,
+            DrumLeft,
+            DrumRight,
+            DrumHelp,
+            DrumButtonExtra1,
+            DrumButtonExtra2,
+            DrumHiHat,
+            DrumHiHatClosed,
+            DrumHiHatHalfOpen,
+            DrumSnare,
+            DrumHiTom,
+            DrumLowTom,
+            DrumRightCymbal,
+            DrumBassPedal,
+            DrumLeftCymbal,
+            DrumLeftPedal,
+            DrumFloorTom
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            GuitarP1WailX,
+            GuitarP1WailY,
+            GuitarP1WailZ,
+            GuitarP1Knob,
+            GuitarP2WailX,
+            GuitarP2WailY,
+            GuitarP2WailZ,
+            GuitarP2Knob
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        typedef enum {
+            // vibration motors (DX only)
+            GuitarP1Motor,
+            GuitarP2Motor,
+
+            // P1
+            P1MenuStart,
+            // DX only
+            P1MenuUpDown,
+            P1MenuLeftRight,
+            P1MenuHelp,
+
+            // P2
+            P2MenuStart,
+            // DX only
+            P2MenuUpDown,
+            P2MenuLeftRight,
+            P2MenuHelp,
+
+            // drums
+            DrumLeftCymbal,
+            DrumHiHat,
+            DrumSnare,
+            DrumHighTom,
+            DrumLowTom,
+            DrumFloorTom,
+            DrumRightCymbal,
+
+            // drum woofer
+            DrumWooferR,
+            DrumWooferG,
+            DrumWooferB,
+
+            // drum stage, DX only
+            DrumStageR,
+            DrumStageG,
+            DrumStageB,
+
+            // main spotlights, DX only
+            SpotFrontLeft,
+            SpotFrontRight,
+            SpotCenterLeft,
+            SpotCenterRight,
+
+            // drum rear spotlights, DX only
+            DrumSpotRearLeft,
+            DrumSpotRearRight,
+
+            // guitar center lower RGB, DX only
+            GuitarLowerLeftR,
+            GuitarLowerLeftG,
+            GuitarLowerLeftB,
+            GuitarLowerRightR,
+            GuitarLowerRightG,
+            GuitarLowerRightB,
+
+            // guitar left speaker, DX only
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerUpperR,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerUpperG,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerUpperB,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpLeftR,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpLeftG,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpLeftB,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpRightR,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpRightG,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpRightB,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowLeftR,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowLeftG,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowLeftB,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowRightR,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowRightG,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowRightB,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerLowerR,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerLowerG,
+            GuitarLeftSpeakerLowerB,
+
+            // guitar right speaker, DX only
+            GuitarRightSpeakerUpperR,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerUpperG,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerUpperB,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpLeftR,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpLeftG,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpLeftB,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpRightR,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpRightG,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpRightB,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowLeftR,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowLeftG,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowLeftB,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowRightR,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowRightG,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowRightB,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerLowerR,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerLowerG,
+            GuitarRightSpeakerLowerB
+        } gitadora_lights_t;
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/hpm/hpm.cpp b/games/hpm/hpm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a99602
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/hpm/hpm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hpm.h"
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include <mmsystem.h>
+
+namespace games::hpm {
+
+    BOOL WINAPI SetCurrentDirectoryW_hook(LPCTSTR lpPathName) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static decltype(mixerSetControlDetails)* mixerSetControlDetails_real = nullptr;
+
+    static MMRESULT WINAPI mixerSetControlDetails_hook(HMIXEROBJ hmxobj, LPMIXERCONTROLDETAILS pmxcd, DWORD fdwDetails) {
+
+        mixerSetControlDetails_real(hmxobj, pmxcd, fdwDetails);
+        return MMSYSERR_NOERROR;
+    }
+
+    HPMGame::HPMGame() : Game("HELLO! Pop'n Music") {
+    }
+
+    void HPMGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        HMODULE kernel32_module = libutils::try_module("kernel32.dll");
+
+        // patches
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) SetCurrentDirectoryW_hook, libutils::try_proc(
+                kernel32_module, "SetCurrentDirectoryW"));
+
+        mixerSetControlDetails_real = detour::iat_try("mixerSetControlDetails", mixerSetControlDetails_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/hpm/hpm.h b/games/hpm/hpm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bc8b91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/hpm/hpm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::hpm {
+
+    class HPMGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        HPMGame();
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/hpm/io.cpp b/games/hpm/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab88077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/hpm/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::hpm::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("HELLO! Pop'n Music");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P1 1",
+                "P1 2",
+                "P1 3",
+                "P1 4",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "P2 1",
+                "P2 2",
+                "P2 3",
+                "P2 4"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::hpm::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("HELLO! Pop'n Music");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Speaker Red",
+                "Speaker Orange",
+                "Speaker Blue",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P1 Red & P2 Green",
+                "P1 Blue",
+                "P1 Yellow",
+                "P1 Green",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "P2 Red",
+                "P2 Blue",
+                "P2 Yellow"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/hpm/io.h b/games/hpm/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8f553f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/hpm/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::hpm {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            P1_Start,
+            P1_1,
+            P1_2,
+            P1_3,
+            P1_4,
+            P2_Start,
+            P2_1,
+            P2_2,
+            P2_3,
+            P2_4,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            SPEAKER_RED,
+            SPEAKER_ORANGE,
+            SPEAKER_BLUE,
+            P1_START,
+            P1_RED_P2_GREEN,
+            P1_BLUE,
+            P1_YELLOW,
+            P1_GREEN,
+            P2_START,
+            P2_RED,
+            P2_BLUE,
+            P2_YELLOW,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/bi2a.cpp b/games/iidx/bi2a.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..45b9d37
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/bi2a.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+#include "bi2a.h"
+
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "iidx.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+games::iidx::IIDXFMSerialHandle::FMSerialDevice::FMSerialDevice() {
+    this->node_count = 1;
+}
+
+bool games::iidx::IIDXFMSerialHandle::FMSerialDevice::parse_msg(
+    MessageData *msg_in,
+    circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer
+) {
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+    log_info("iidx", "BI2A ADDR: {}, CMD: 0x{:04x}", msg_in->addr, msg_in->cmd.code);
+#endif
+
+    // check command
+    switch (msg_in->cmd.code) {
+        case ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION: {
+
+            // send version data
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, MSG_VERSION_SIZE);
+            this->set_version(msg, 0x03, 0, 4, 2, 0, "BI2A");
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0153:
+            if (DISABLE_ESPEC_IO) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            [[fallthrough]]; // to 0x0152
+        case 0x0152: { // STATUS
+
+            // check input data length
+            if (msg_in->cmd.data_size == 0x30) {
+
+                // LED TICKER
+                IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.lock();
+                if (!IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY)
+                    memcpy(IIDXIO_LED_TICKER, &msg_in->cmd.raw[0x17], 9);
+                IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.unlock();
+
+                // NEON LIGHT
+                bool neon_light = msg_in->cmd.raw[0x24] != 0;
+                write_top_neon(neon_light ? (uint8_t) 0xFF : (uint8_t) 0);
+
+                // SPOT LIGHT
+                uint8_t spot_light_bits = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    auto index = i > 3 ? i + 1 : i;
+                    if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0x20 + index] != 0)
+                        spot_light_bits |= 1 << i;
+                }
+                write_top_lamp(spot_light_bits);
+
+                // SWLED (DECK)
+                uint16_t lamp_bits = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 14; i++) {
+                    if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0x07 + i] != 0)
+                        lamp_bits |= 1 << i;
+                }
+                write_lamp(lamp_bits);
+
+                // SWLED (PANEL)
+                uint8_t led_bits = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                    if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0x03 + i] != 0)
+                        led_bits |= 1 << i;
+                }
+                write_led(led_bits);
+
+                // flush device output
+                RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+            }
+
+            // sleep - otherwise the IO thread will go too hard on the CPU
+            Sleep(1);
+
+            // generate message
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 0x2E);
+
+            // get buttons
+            auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+            // player 1 buttons
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_1)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 151);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_2)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 167);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_3)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 183);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_4)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 199);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_5)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 215);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_6)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 231);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_7)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 247);
+
+            // player 2 buttons
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_1)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 263);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_2)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 279);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_3)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 295);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_4)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 311);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_5)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 327);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_6)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 343);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_7)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 359);
+
+            // player 1 start
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_Start)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 79);
+
+            // player 2 start
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_Start)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 78);
+
+            // VEFX
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::VEFX)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 77);
+
+            // EFFECT
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Effect)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 76);
+
+            // service
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Service)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 10);
+
+            // test
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Test)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 11);
+
+            // turntables
+            msg->cmd.raw[16] = get_tt(0, true);
+            msg->cmd.raw[17] = get_tt(1, true);
+
+            // slider
+            msg->cmd.raw[0] |= get_slider(0) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[2] |= get_slider(1) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[4] |= get_slider(2) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[6] |= get_slider(3) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[7] |= get_slider(4) << 4;
+
+            // coin
+            this->coin_counter += eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+            msg->cmd.raw[8] |= this->coin_counter;
+
+            /*
+             * TODO
+             * bit 9 appears to be the coin mech
+             */
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+        case ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+        case 0x0120: // WD COMMAND
+        case 0xFF: // BROADCAST
+        {
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // mark as handled
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool games::iidx::IIDXFMSerialHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM2") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    log_info("iidx", "Opened COM2 (FM DEVICE)");
+
+    // ACIO device
+    acio_emu.add_device(new FMSerialDevice());
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::IIDXFMSerialHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // read from emu
+    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+    while (bytes_read < nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        auto cur_byte = acio_emu.read();
+
+        if (cur_byte.has_value()) {
+            buffer[bytes_read++] = cur_byte.value();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return amount of bytes read
+    return (int) bytes_read;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::IIDXFMSerialHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // write to emu
+    for (DWORD i = 0; i < nNumberOfBytesToWrite; i++) {
+        acio_emu.write(buffer[i]);
+    }
+
+    // return all data written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::IIDXFMSerialHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                                               LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::iidx::IIDXFMSerialHandle::close() {
+    log_info("iidx", "Closed COM2 (FM DEVICE)");
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/bi2a.h b/games/iidx/bi2a.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3806f0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/bi2a.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "acioemu/acioemu.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    class IIDXFMSerialHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        acioemu::ACIOEmu acio_emu;
+
+        class FMSerialDevice : public acioemu::ACIODeviceEmu {
+        private:
+            uint8_t coin_counter = 0;
+
+        public:
+            FMSerialDevice();
+
+            bool parse_msg(acioemu::MessageData *msg_in, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) override;
+        };
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/bi2x.cpp b/games/iidx/bi2x.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b719701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/bi2x.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+#include "bi2x.h"
+
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "iidx.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+games::iidx::BI2XSerialHandle::BI2XDevice::BI2XDevice() {
+    this->node_count = 1;
+}
+
+bool games::iidx::BI2XSerialHandle::BI2XDevice::parse_msg(
+    MessageData *msg_in,
+    circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer
+) {
+#ifdef ACIOEMU_LOG
+    log_info("iidx", "BI2X ADDR: {}, CMD: 0x{:04x}", msg_in->addr, msg_in->cmd.code);
+#endif
+
+    // check command
+    switch (msg_in->cmd.code) {
+        case ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION: {
+
+            // send version data
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, MSG_VERSION_SIZE);
+            this->set_version(msg, 0x03, 0, 4, 2, 0, "BI2X");
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0153:
+            if (DISABLE_ESPEC_IO) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            [[fallthrough]]; // to 0x0152
+        case 0x0152: { // STATUS
+
+            // check input data length
+            if (msg_in->cmd.data_size == 0x30) {
+
+                // LED TICKER
+                IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.lock();
+                if (!IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY)
+                    memcpy(IIDXIO_LED_TICKER, &msg_in->cmd.raw[0x17], 9);
+                IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.unlock();
+
+                // NEON LIGHT
+                bool neon_light = msg_in->cmd.raw[0x24] != 0;
+                write_top_neon(neon_light ? (uint8_t) 0xFF : (uint8_t) 0);
+
+                // SPOT LIGHT
+                uint8_t spot_light_bits = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                    auto index = i > 3 ? i + 1 : i;
+                    if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0x20 + index] != 0)
+                        spot_light_bits |= 1 << i;
+                }
+                write_top_lamp(spot_light_bits);
+
+                // SWLED (DECK)
+                uint16_t lamp_bits = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 14; i++) {
+                    if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0x07 + i] != 0)
+                        lamp_bits |= 1 << i;
+                }
+                write_lamp(lamp_bits);
+
+                // SWLED (PANEL)
+                uint8_t led_bits = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                    if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0x03 + i] != 0)
+                        led_bits |= 1 << i;
+                }
+                write_led(led_bits);
+
+                // flush device output
+                RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+            }
+
+            // sleep - otherwise the IO thread will go too hard on the CPU
+            Sleep(1);
+
+            // generate message
+            auto msg = this->create_msg(msg_in, 0x2E);
+
+            // get buttons
+            auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+            // player 1 buttons
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_1)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 151);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_2)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 167);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_3)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 183);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_4)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 199);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_5)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 215);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_6)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 231);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_7)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 247);
+
+            // player 2 buttons
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_1)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 263);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_2)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 279);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_3)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 295);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_4)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 311);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_5)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 327);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_6)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 343);
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_7)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 359);
+
+            // player 1 start
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_Start)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 79);
+
+            // player 2 start
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_Start)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 78);
+
+            // VEFX
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::VEFX)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 77);
+
+            // EFFECT
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Effect)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 76);
+
+            // service
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Service)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 10);
+
+            // test
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Test)))
+                ARRAY_SETB(msg->cmd.raw, 11);
+
+            // turntables
+            msg->cmd.raw[16] = get_tt(0, true);
+            msg->cmd.raw[17] = get_tt(1, true);
+
+            // slider
+            msg->cmd.raw[0] |= get_slider(0) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[2] |= get_slider(1) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[4] |= get_slider(2) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[6] |= get_slider(3) << 4;
+            msg->cmd.raw[7] |= get_slider(4) << 4;
+
+            // coin
+            this->coin_counter += eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+            msg->cmd.raw[8] |= this->coin_counter;
+
+            /*
+             * TODO
+             * bit 9 appears to be the coin mech
+             */
+
+            // write message
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        case ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+        case ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+        case 0x0120: // WD COMMAND
+        case 0xFF: // BROADCAST
+        {
+            // send status 0
+            auto msg = this->create_msg_status(msg_in, 0);
+            write_msg(msg, response_buffer);
+            delete msg;
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // mark as handled
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool games::iidx::BI2XSerialHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM3") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    log_info("iidx", "Opened COM3 (BIO2)");
+
+    // ACIO device
+    //acio_emu.add_device(new FMSerialDevice());
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::BI2XSerialHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    //auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    // read from emu
+    /*
+    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+    while (bytes_read < nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        auto cur_byte = acio_emu.read();
+
+        if (cur_byte.has_value()) {
+            buffer[bytes_read++] = cur_byte.value();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    */
+
+    // return amount of bytes read
+    //return (int) bytes_read;
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToRead;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::BI2XSerialHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    log_info("iidx", "BIO2 Data: {}", bin2hex(buffer, nNumberOfBytesToWrite));
+
+    // write to emu
+    /*
+    for (DWORD i = 0; i < nNumberOfBytesToWrite; i++) {
+        acio_emu.write(buffer[i]);
+    }
+    */
+
+    // return all data written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::BI2XSerialHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                                               LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::iidx::BI2XSerialHandle::close() {
+    log_info("iidx", "Closed COM3 (BIO2)");
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/bi2x.h b/games/iidx/bi2x.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e573b4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/bi2x.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "acioemu/acioemu.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    class BI2XSerialHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        acioemu::ACIOEmu acio_emu;
+
+        class BI2XDevice : public acioemu::ACIODeviceEmu {
+        private:
+            uint8_t coin_counter = 0;
+
+        public:
+            BI2XDevice();
+
+            bool parse_msg(acioemu::MessageData *msg_in, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) override;
+        };
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/bi2x_hook.cpp b/games/iidx/bi2x_hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cbd577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/bi2x_hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "iidx.h"
+#include "util/tapeled.h"
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+    constexpr bool BI2X_PASSTHROUGH = false;
+
+    /*
+     * class definitions
+     */
+
+    struct AC_HNDLIF {
+        // dummy
+        uint8_t data[0x10];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2 {
+        uint8_t dummy0[0x50];
+        void (__fastcall *pAIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManage)(int64_t a1);
+        uint8_t dummy1[0x9A0];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ {
+        // who knows
+        uint8_t data[0x13F8];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__DEVSTATUS {
+        // of course you could work with variables here
+        uint8_t buffer[0xCA];
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * typedefs
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    typedef AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *nmgr, int a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__GetDeviceStatus_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__DEVSTATUS *a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__IoReset_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWatchDogTimer_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            uint8_t a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__ControlCoinBlocker_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int index, uint8_t state);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__AddCounter_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int a2, int a3);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetStartLamp_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int player, uint8_t state);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetVefxButtonLamp_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            uint8_t state);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetEffectButtonLamp_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            uint8_t state);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetPlayerButtonLamp_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int player, int button, uint8_t state);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWooferLED_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint32_t color);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetIccrLed_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint32_t color);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableLed_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint32_t color);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableResist_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint8_t resistance);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTapeLedData_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint8_t *data);
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    typedef AC_HNDLIF* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t)(uint8_t device_num);
+    typedef int64_t (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t)(int64_t a1);
+    typedef AIO_NMGR_IOB2** (__fastcall *aioNMgrIob2_Create_t)(AC_HNDLIF *a1, unsigned int a2);
+
+    /*
+     * function pointers
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    static aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create_t aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__GetDeviceStatus_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__GetDeviceStatus_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__IoReset_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__IoReset_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWatchDogTimer_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWatchDogTimer_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__ControlCoinBlocker_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__ControlCoinBlocker_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__AddCounter_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__AddCounter_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetStartLamp_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetStartLamp_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetVefxButtonLamp_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetVefxButtonLamp_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetEffectButtonLamp_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetEffectButtonLamp_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetPlayerButtonLamp_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetPlayerButtonLamp_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWooferLED_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWooferLED_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetIccrLed_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetIccrLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableLed_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableResist_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableResist_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTapeLedData_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTapeLedData_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNMgrIob2_Create_t aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig = nullptr;
+
+    /*
+     * variables
+     */
+
+    AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *custom_node = nullptr;
+    AC_HNDLIF *acHndlif = nullptr;
+    AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *aioNmgrIob2 = nullptr;
+
+    /*
+     * implementations
+     */
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *nmgr, int a2) {
+        if (!BI2X_PASSTHROUGH) {
+            custom_node = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ;
+            memset(&custom_node->data, 0, sizeof(custom_node->data));
+
+            return custom_node;
+        } else {
+
+            // call original
+            return aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create_orig(nmgr, a2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__GetDeviceStatus(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__DEVSTATUS *status) {
+
+        // flush raw input
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+        // check handle
+        if (This == custom_node) {
+
+            // clear input data
+            memset(status, 0x00, sizeof(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__DEVSTATUS));
+        } else {
+
+            // get data from real device
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__GetDeviceStatus_orig(This, status);
+        }
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        // control buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Test]))
+            status->buffer[4] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Service]))
+            status->buffer[5] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::CoinMech]))
+            status->buffer[6] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::VEFX]))
+            status->buffer[10] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Effect]))
+            status->buffer[11] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_Headphone]))
+            status->buffer[12] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_Headphone]))
+            status->buffer[13] = 0xFF;
+
+        // coin stock
+        status->buffer[22] += eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+
+        // player 1 buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_Start]))
+            status->buffer[8] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_1]))
+            status->buffer[27] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_2]))
+            status->buffer[28] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_3]))
+            status->buffer[29] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_4]))
+            status->buffer[30] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_5]))
+            status->buffer[31] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_6]))
+            status->buffer[32] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P1_7]))
+            status->buffer[33] = 0xFF;
+
+        // player 2 buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_Start]))
+            status->buffer[9] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_1]))
+            status->buffer[34] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_2]))
+            status->buffer[35] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_3]))
+            status->buffer[36] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_4]))
+            status->buffer[37] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_5]))
+            status->buffer[38] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_6]))
+            status->buffer[39] = 0xFF;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::P2_7]))
+            status->buffer[40] = 0xFF;
+
+        // turntables
+        status->buffer[20] += get_tt(0, false);
+        status->buffer[21] += get_tt(1, false);
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__IoReset(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int a2)
+    {
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__IoReset_orig(This, a2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWatchDogTimer(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            uint8_t a2)
+    {
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+
+            // comment this out if you want to disable the BI2X watchdog timer
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWatchDogTimer_orig(This, a2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__ControlCoinBlocker(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int index, uint8_t state) {
+
+        // coin blocker is closed when state is zero
+        eamuse_coin_set_block(state == 0);
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__ControlCoinBlocker_orig(This, index, state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__AddCounter(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int a2, int a3)
+    {
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__AddCounter_orig(This, a2, a3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetStartLamp(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int player, uint8_t state)
+    {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        if (player == 0) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::P1_Start], state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        } else if (player == 1) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::P2_Start], state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        }
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetStartLamp_orig(This, player, state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetVefxButtonLamp(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            uint8_t state)
+    {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::VEFX], state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetVefxButtonLamp_orig(This, state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetEffectButtonLamp(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            uint8_t state)
+    {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::Effect], state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetEffectButtonLamp_orig(This, state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetPlayerButtonLamp(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            int player, int button, uint8_t state)
+    {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::P1_1 + player * 7 + button], state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetPlayerButtonLamp_orig(This, player, button, state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWooferLED(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint32_t color)
+    {
+        uint32_t col_r = (color & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
+        uint32_t col_g = (color & 0x00FF00) >> 8;
+        uint32_t col_b = (color & 0x0000FF) >> 0;
+
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::WooferR], col_r / 255.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::WooferG], col_g / 255.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::WooferB], col_b / 255.f);
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWooferLED_orig(This, index, color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetIccrLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint32_t color)
+    {
+        uint32_t col_r = (color & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
+        uint32_t col_g = (color & 0x00FF00) >> 8;
+        uint32_t col_b = (color & 0x0000FF) >> 0;
+
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        if (index == 0) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_P1_R], col_r / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_P1_G], col_g / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_P1_B], col_b / 255.f);
+        } else if (index == 1) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_P2_R], col_r / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_P2_G], col_g / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_P2_B], col_b / 255.f);
+        }
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetIccrLed_orig(This, index, color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint32_t color)
+    {
+        uint32_t col_r = (color & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
+        uint32_t col_g = (color & 0x00FF00) >> 8;
+        uint32_t col_b = (color & 0x0000FF) >> 0;
+
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        if (index == 0) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P1_R], col_r / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P1_G], col_g / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P1_B], col_b / 255.f);
+        } else if (index == 1) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P2_R], col_r / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P2_G], col_g / 255.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P2_B], col_b / 255.f);
+        }
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableLed_orig(This, index, color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableResist(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint8_t resistance)
+    {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        if (index == 0) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P1_Resistance], resistance / 255.f);
+        } else if (index == 1) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::TT_P2_Resistance], resistance / 255.f);
+        }
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableResist_orig(This, index, resistance);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTapeLedData(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint8_t *data)
+    {
+        /*
+         * index mapping
+         *
+         * 0 - stage left - 57 bytes - 19 colors
+         * 1 - stage right - 57 bytes - 19 colors
+         * 2 - cabinet left - 135 bytes - 45 colors
+         * 3 - cabinet right - 135 bytes - 45 colors
+         * 4 - control panel under - 63 bytes - 21 colors
+         * 5 - ceiling left - 162 bytes - 54 colors
+         * 6 - title left - 33 bytes - 11 colors
+         * 7 - title right - 33 bytes - 11 colors
+         * 8 - ceiling right - 162 bytes - 54 colors
+         * 9 - touch panel left - 51 bytes - 17 colors
+         * 10 - touch panel right - 51 bytes - 17 colors
+         * 11 - side panel left inner - 204 bytes - 68 colors
+         * 12 - side panel left outer - 204 bytes - 68 colors
+         * 13 - side panel left - 183 bytes - 61 colors
+         * 14 - side panel right outer - 204 bytes - 68 colors
+         * 15 - side panel right inner - 204 bytes - 68 colors
+         * 16 - side panel right - 183 bytes - 61 colors
+         *
+         * data is stored in RGB order, 3 bytes per color
+         *
+         * TODO: expose this data via API
+         */
+
+        // data mapping
+        static struct TapeLedMapping {
+            size_t data_size;
+            int index_r, index_g, index_b;
+
+            TapeLedMapping(size_t data_size, int index_r, int index_g, int index_b)
+            : data_size(data_size), index_r(index_r), index_g(index_g), index_b(index_b) {}
+
+        } mapping[] = {
+                { 19, Lights::StageLeftAvgR, Lights::StageLeftAvgG, Lights::StageLeftAvgB },
+                { 19, Lights::StageRightAvgR, Lights::StageRightAvgG, Lights::StageRightAvgB },
+                { 45, Lights::CabinetLeftAvgR, Lights::CabinetLeftAvgG, Lights::CabinetLeftAvgB },
+                { 45, Lights::CabinetRightAvgR, Lights::CabinetRightAvgG, Lights::CabinetRightAvgB },
+                { 21, Lights::ControlPanelUnderAvgR, Lights::ControlPanelUnderAvgG, Lights::ControlPanelUnderAvgB },
+                { 54, Lights::CeilingLeftAvgR, Lights::CeilingLeftAvgG, Lights::CeilingLeftAvgB },
+                { 11, Lights::TitleLeftAvgR, Lights::TitleLeftAvgG, Lights::TitleLeftAvgB },
+                { 11, Lights::TitleRightAvgR, Lights::TitleRightAvgG, Lights::TitleRightAvgB },
+                { 54, Lights::CeilingRightAvgR, Lights::CeilingRightAvgG, Lights::CeilingRightAvgB },
+                { 17, Lights::TouchPanelLeftAvgR, Lights::TouchPanelLeftAvgG, Lights::TouchPanelLeftAvgB },
+                { 17, Lights::TouchPanelRightAvgR, Lights::TouchPanelRightAvgG, Lights::TouchPanelRightAvgB },
+                { 68, Lights::SidePanelLeftInnerAvgR, Lights::SidePanelLeftInnerAvgG, Lights::SidePanelLeftInnerAvgB },
+                { 68, Lights::SidePanelLeftOuterAvgR, Lights::SidePanelLeftOuterAvgG, Lights::SidePanelLeftOuterAvgB },
+                { 61, Lights::SidePanelLeftAvgR, Lights::SidePanelLeftAvgG, Lights::SidePanelLeftAvgB },
+                { 68, Lights::SidePanelRightOuterAvgR, Lights::SidePanelRightOuterAvgG, Lights::SidePanelRightOuterAvgB },
+                { 68, Lights::SidePanelRightInnerAvgR, Lights::SidePanelRightInnerAvgG, Lights::SidePanelRightInnerAvgB },
+                { 61, Lights::SidePanelRightAvgR, Lights::SidePanelRightAvgG, Lights::SidePanelRightAvgB },
+        };
+
+        // check index bounds
+        if (tapeledutils::is_enabled() && index < std::size(mapping)) {
+            auto &map = mapping[index];
+
+            // pick a color to use
+            const auto rgb = tapeledutils::pick_color_from_led_tape(data, map.data_size);
+
+            // program the lights into API
+            auto &lights = get_lights();
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_r], rgb.r);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_g], rgb.g);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_b], rgb.b);
+        }
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            // send tape data to real device
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTapeLedData_orig(This, index, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static AC_HNDLIF* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2X_OpenSciUsbCdc(uint8_t device_num) {
+        if (acHndlif == nullptr) {
+            acHndlif = new AC_HNDLIF;
+            memset(acHndlif->data, 0x0, sizeof(acHndlif->data));
+        }
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc");
+        return acHndlif;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManageStub(int64_t a1) {
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "AIO_NMGR_IOB::BeginManage");
+    };
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2** __fastcall aioNMgrIob2_Create(AC_HNDLIF *a1, unsigned int a2) {
+        if (aioNmgrIob2 == nullptr) {
+            aioNmgrIob2 = new AIO_NMGR_IOB2;
+            memset(aioNmgrIob2, 0x0, sizeof(AIO_NMGR_IOB2));
+            aioNmgrIob2->pAIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManage = AIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManageStub;
+        }
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioNMgrIob2_Create");
+        return &aioNmgrIob2;
+    }
+
+    static int64_t __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState(int64_t a1) {
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState");
+        return 8;
+    }
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init() {
+
+        // avoid double init
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (initialized) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        // announce
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "init");
+
+        // hook IOB2 video
+        const auto libaioIob2VideoDll = "libaio-iob2_video.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create",
+                aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create, &aioIob2Bi2xTDJ_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?GetDeviceStatus@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEBAXAEAUDEVSTATUS@1@@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__GetDeviceStatus, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__GetDeviceStatus_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?IoReset@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__IoReset, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__IoReset_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetWatchDogTimer@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXE@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWatchDogTimer, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWatchDogTimer_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?ControlCoinBlocker@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXI_N@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__ControlCoinBlocker, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__ControlCoinBlocker_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?AddCounter@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXII@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__AddCounter, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__AddCounter_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetStartLamp@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXI_N@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetStartLamp, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetStartLamp_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetVefxButtonLamp@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAX_N@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetVefxButtonLamp, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetVefxButtonLamp_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetEffectButtonLamp@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAX_N@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetEffectButtonLamp, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetEffectButtonLamp_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetPlayerButtonLamp@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXII_N@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetPlayerButtonLamp, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetPlayerButtonLamp_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetWooferLed@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWooferLED, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetWooferLED_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetIccrLed@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXII@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetIccrLed, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetIccrLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetTurnTableLed@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXII@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableLed, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetTurnTableResist@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXIE@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableResist, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTurnTableResist_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetTapeLedData@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ@@QEAAXIPEBX@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTapeLedData, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_TDJ__SetTapeLedData_orig);
+
+        // hook IOB
+        const auto libaioIobDll = "libaio-iob.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc",
+                aioIob2Bi2X_OpenSciUsbCdc, &aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNMgrIob2_Create",
+                aioNMgrIob2_Create, &aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/bi2x_hook.h b/games/iidx/bi2x_hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6336fe5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/bi2x_hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init();
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/camera.cpp b/games/iidx/camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9632962
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+#include "camera.h"
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+#include <mfapi.h>
+#include <mfidl.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/pointer.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+static std::filesystem::path dll_path;
+static HMODULE iidx_module;
+static uintptr_t addr_hook_a = 0;
+static uintptr_t addr_hook_b = 0;
+static uintptr_t addr_textures = 0;
+static uintptr_t addr_device_offset = 0;
+
+typedef void **(__fastcall *camera_hook_a_t)(PBYTE);
+typedef LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 (*camera_hook_b_t)(void*, int);
+static camera_hook_a_t camera_hook_a_orig = nullptr;
+static camera_hook_b_t camera_hook_b_orig = nullptr;
+auto static hook_a_init = std::once_flag {};
+
+static LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9EX device;
+static LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 *texture_a = nullptr;
+static LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 *texture_b = nullptr;
+
+struct PredefinedHook {
+    std::string     pe_identifier;
+    uintptr_t       hook_a;
+    uintptr_t       hook_b;
+    uintptr_t       hook_textures;
+    uintptr_t       hook_device_offset;
+};
+
+PredefinedHook g_predefinedHooks[] =
+{
+    // 27 003
+    { "5f713b52_6d4090", 0x005971b0, 0x005fb2c0, 0x04e49898, 0x000000d0 },
+    // 27 010
+    { "5f713946_7f52b0", 0x006b89e0, 0x0071c950, 0x04fd08b8, 0x000000d0 },
+};
+
+const DWORD   g_predefinedHooksLength = ARRAYSIZE(g_predefinedHooks);
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+    static IIDXLocalCamera *top_camera = nullptr;       // camera id #0
+    static IIDXLocalCamera *front_camera = nullptr;     // camera id #1
+    std::vector<IIDXLocalCamera*> LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST = {};
+    static IDirect3DDeviceManager9 *s_pD3DManager = nullptr;
+
+    std::filesystem::path CAMERA_CONFIG_PATH = std::filesystem::path(_wgetenv(L"APPDATA")) / L"spicetools_camera_control.json";
+    bool CAMERA_READY = false;
+
+    bool parse_cmd_params() {
+        const auto remove_spaces = [](const char& c) {
+            return c == ' ';
+        };
+
+        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "Using user-supplied addresses (-iidxtdjcamhookoffset)");
+
+        auto s = TDJ_CAMERA_OVERRIDE.value();
+        s.erase(std::remove_if(s.begin(), s.end(), remove_spaces), s.end());
+
+        if (sscanf(
+                s.c_str(),
+                "%i,%i,%i,%i",
+                (int*)&addr_hook_a, (int*)&addr_hook_b, (int*)&addr_textures, (int*)&addr_device_offset) == 4) {
+
+            return true;
+
+        } else {
+            log_fatal("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to parse -iidxtdjcamhookoffset");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool find_camera_hooks() {
+        std::string dll_name = avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+        dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name; 
+
+        iidx_module = libutils::try_module(dll_path);
+        if (!iidx_module) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to hook game DLL");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        uint32_t time_date_stamp = 0;
+        uint32_t address_of_entry_point = 0;
+
+        // there are three different ways we try to hook the camera entry points
+        // 1) user-provided override via cmd line
+        // 2) predefined offsets using PE header matching (needed for iidx27 and few others)
+        // 3) signature match (should work for most iidx28-31)
+
+        // method 1: user provided
+        if (TDJ_CAMERA_OVERRIDE.has_value() && parse_cmd_params()) {
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+
+        // method 2: predefined offsets
+        get_pe_identifier(dll_path, &time_date_stamp, &address_of_entry_point);
+        auto pe = fmt::format("{:x}_{:x}", time_date_stamp, address_of_entry_point);
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "Locating predefined hook addresses for LDJ-{}", pe);
+
+        for (DWORD i = 0; i < g_predefinedHooksLength; i++) {
+            if (pe.compare(g_predefinedHooks[i].pe_identifier) == 0) {
+                log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "Found predefined addresses");
+                addr_hook_a        = g_predefinedHooks[i].hook_a;
+                addr_hook_b        = g_predefinedHooks[i].hook_b;
+                addr_textures      = g_predefinedHooks[i].hook_textures;
+                addr_device_offset = g_predefinedHooks[i].hook_device_offset;
+                return TRUE;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // method 3: signature match
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "Did not find predefined hook address, try signature match");
+
+        // --- addr_hook_a ---
+        uint8_t *addr_hook_a_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(find_pattern(
+            iidx_module,
+            "488BC4565741564883EC5048C740D8FEFFFFFF",
+            "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+            0, 0));
+
+        if (addr_hook_a_ptr == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to find hook: addr_hook_a");
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "hint: this feature REQUIRES a compatible DLL!");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        addr_hook_a = (uint64_t) (addr_hook_a_ptr - (uint8_t*) iidx_module);
+
+        // addr_hook_b
+        uint8_t* addr_hook_b_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(find_pattern(
+            iidx_module,
+            "E8000000004885C07439E8",
+            "X????XXXXXX",
+            0, 0));
+
+        if (addr_hook_b_ptr == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to find hook: addr_hook_b");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        // displace with the content of wildcard bytes
+        int32_t disp_b = *((int32_t *) (addr_hook_b_ptr + 1));
+
+        addr_hook_b = (addr_hook_b_ptr - (uint8_t*) iidx_module) + disp_b + 5;
+
+        // --- addr_textures ---
+        uint8_t* addr_textures_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(find_pattern(
+            iidx_module,
+            "E800000000488BC8488BD34883C420",
+            "X????XXXXXXXXXX",
+            0, 0));
+        
+        if (addr_textures_ptr == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to find hook: addr_textures (part 1)");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        // displace with the content of wildcard bytes
+        int32_t disp_textures = *((int32_t *) (addr_textures_ptr + 1));
+        addr_textures_ptr += disp_textures + 5;
+
+        uint32_t search_from = (addr_textures_ptr - (uint8_t*) iidx_module);
+
+        addr_textures_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(find_pattern_from(
+            iidx_module,
+            "488D0D",
+            "XXX",
+            0, 0, search_from));
+
+        if (addr_textures_ptr == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to find hook: addr_textures (part 2)");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        // displace again with the next integer
+        disp_textures = *((int32_t *) (addr_textures_ptr + 3));
+
+        addr_textures = (addr_textures_ptr - (uint8_t*) iidx_module) + disp_textures + 7;
+
+        // addr_device_offset
+        search_from = (addr_hook_a_ptr - (uint8_t*) iidx_module);
+        uint8_t *addr_device_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(find_pattern_from(
+                iidx_module,
+                "488B89",
+                "XXX",
+                3, 0, search_from));
+        addr_device_offset = *addr_device_ptr;
+
+        if (addr_textures_ptr == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to find hook: addr_textures (part 3)");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    static void **__fastcall camera_hook_a(PBYTE a1) {
+        std::call_once(hook_a_init, [&]{           
+            device = *reinterpret_cast<LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9EX*>(a1 + addr_device_offset);
+            auto const textures = *reinterpret_cast<LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9**>((uint8_t*)iidx_module + addr_textures);
+
+            texture_a = textures;
+            texture_b = textures + 2;
+
+            init_local_camera();
+        });
+        return camera_hook_a_orig(a1);
+    }
+
+    static LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 camera_hook_b(void* a1, int idx) {
+        if (idx == 0 && top_camera) {
+            return top_camera->GetTexture();
+        }
+        if (idx == 1 && front_camera) {
+            return front_camera->GetTexture();
+        }
+        return camera_hook_b_orig(a1, idx);
+    }
+
+    bool create_hooks() {
+        auto *hook_a_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(
+                reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(iidx_module) + addr_hook_a);
+
+        if (!detour::trampoline(
+                    reinterpret_cast<camera_hook_a_t>(hook_a_ptr),
+                    camera_hook_a,
+                    &camera_hook_a_orig)) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to trampoline hook_a");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        auto *hook_b_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(
+                reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(iidx_module) + addr_hook_b);
+
+        if (!detour::trampoline(
+                    reinterpret_cast<camera_hook_b_t>(hook_b_ptr),
+                    camera_hook_b,
+                    &camera_hook_b_orig)) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "failed to trampoline hook_b");
+            return FALSE;
+        }
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT create_d3d_device_manager() {
+        UINT resetToken = 0;
+        IDirect3DDeviceManager9 *pD3DManager = nullptr;
+
+        HRESULT hr = DXVA2CreateDirect3DDeviceManager9(&resetToken, &pD3DManager);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        hr = pD3DManager->ResetDevice(device, resetToken);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        s_pD3DManager = pD3DManager;
+        (s_pD3DManager)->AddRef();
+
+    done:
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "Created DeviceManager for DXVA");
+        } else {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "Cannot create DXVA DeviceManager: {}", hr);
+        }
+
+        SafeRelease(&pD3DManager);
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    bool init_local_camera() {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+        IMFAttributes *pAttributes = nullptr;
+        IMFActivate **ppDevices = nullptr;
+        uint32_t numDevices;
+
+        // Initialize an attribute store to specify enumeration parameters.
+        hr = MFCreateAttributes(&pAttributes, 1);
+
+        // Ask for source type = video capture devices.
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            hr = pAttributes->SetGUID(
+                MF_DEVSOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_SOURCE_TYPE, 
+                MF_DEVSOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_SOURCE_TYPE_VIDCAP_GUID
+            );
+        }
+        
+        // Enumerate devices.
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            hr = MFEnumDeviceSources(pAttributes, &ppDevices, &numDevices);
+        }
+
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "MFEnumDeviceSources returned {} device(s)", numDevices);
+        if (numDevices > 0) {
+            hr = create_d3d_device_manager();
+        }      
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            int cameraIndex = 0;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < numDevices && LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.size() < 2; i++) {
+                // get camera activation
+                auto pActivate = ppDevices[i];
+
+                if ((cameraIndex == 0 && !FLIP_CAMS) || (cameraIndex == 1 && FLIP_CAMS)) {
+                    top_camera = new IIDXLocalCamera("top", TDJ_CAMERA_PREFER_16_9, pActivate, s_pD3DManager, device, texture_a);
+                    if (top_camera->m_initialized) {
+                        LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.push_back(top_camera);
+                        cameraIndex++;
+                    } else {
+                        top_camera->Release();
+                        top_camera = nullptr;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    front_camera = new IIDXLocalCamera("front", TDJ_CAMERA_PREFER_16_9, pActivate, s_pD3DManager, device, texture_b);
+                    if (front_camera->m_initialized) {
+                        LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.push_back(front_camera);
+                        cameraIndex++;
+                    } else {
+                        front_camera->Release();
+                        front_camera = nullptr;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.size() == 0) {
+            goto done;
+        }
+
+        camera_config_load();
+        if (top_camera) {
+            top_camera->StartCapture();
+        }
+        if (front_camera) {
+            front_camera->StartCapture();
+        }
+
+        CAMERA_READY = true;
+
+    done:
+        SafeRelease(&pAttributes);
+
+        for (DWORD i = 0; i < numDevices; i++) {
+            SafeRelease(&ppDevices[i]);
+        }
+        CoTaskMemFree(ppDevices);
+
+        return SUCCEEDED(hr);
+    }
+
+    bool init_camera_hooks() {
+        bool result = find_camera_hooks();
+        if (result) {
+            log_misc(
+                "iidx::tdjcam",
+                "found hooks:\n    hook_a        0x{:x}\n    hook_b        0x{:x}\n    textures      0x{:x}\n    device_offset 0x{:x}",
+                addr_hook_a, addr_hook_b, addr_textures, addr_device_offset);
+            result = create_hooks();
+        }
+        
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void camera_release() {
+        if (top_camera) {
+            top_camera->Release();
+            top_camera = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (front_camera) {
+            front_camera->Release();
+            front_camera = nullptr;
+        }
+        SafeRelease(&s_pD3DManager);
+    }
+
+    bool camera_config_load() {
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "loading config");
+
+        try {
+            // read config file
+            std::string config = fileutils::text_read(CAMERA_CONFIG_PATH);
+            if (!config.empty()) {
+                // parse document
+                rapidjson::Document doc;
+                doc.Parse(config.c_str());
+
+                // check parse error
+                auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+                if (error) {
+                    log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "config parse error: {}", error);
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                // verify root is a dict
+                if (!doc.IsObject()) {
+                    log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "config not found");
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                const std::string root("/sp2x_cameras");
+                auto numCameras = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.size();
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < numCameras; i++) {
+                    auto *camera = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.at(i);
+                    auto symLink = camera->GetSymLink();
+
+                    const auto cameraNode = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink).Get(doc);
+                    if (cameraNode && cameraNode->IsObject()) {
+                        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "Parsing config for: {}", symLink);
+
+                        // Media type
+                        auto mediaTypePointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/MediaType").Get(doc);
+                        if (mediaTypePointer && mediaTypePointer->IsString()) {
+                            std::string mediaType = mediaTypePointer->GetString();
+                            if (mediaType.length() > 0) {
+                                camera->m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = mediaType;
+                                camera->m_useAutoMediaType = false;
+                            } else {
+                                camera->m_useAutoMediaType = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Draw mode
+                        auto drawModePointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/DrawMode").Get(doc);
+                        if (drawModePointer && drawModePointer->IsString()) {
+                            std::string drawModeString = drawModePointer->GetString();
+                            for (int j = 0; j < DRAW_MODE_SIZE; j++) {
+                                if (DRAW_MODE_LABELS[j].compare(drawModeString) == 0) {
+                                    camera->m_drawMode = (LocalCameraDrawMode) j;
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // Allow manual control
+                        auto manualControlPointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/AllowManualControl").Get(doc);
+                        if (manualControlPointer && manualControlPointer->IsBool() && manualControlPointer->GetBool()) {
+                            camera->m_allowManualControl = true;
+                        }
+
+                        // Camera control
+                        // if m_allowManualControl is false, SetCameraControlProp will fail, but run through this code
+                        // anyway to exercise parsing code
+                        for (int propIndex = 0; propIndex < CAMERA_CONTROL_PROP_SIZE; propIndex++) {
+                            std::string label = CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[propIndex];
+                            CameraControlProp prop = {};
+                            camera->GetCameraControlProp(propIndex, &prop);
+                            auto valuePointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/" + label + "/value").Get(doc);
+                            auto flagsPointer = rapidjson::Pointer(root + "/" + symLink + "/" + label + "/flags").Get(doc);
+                            if (valuePointer && valuePointer->IsInt() && flagsPointer && flagsPointer->IsInt()) {
+                                prop.value = (long)valuePointer->GetInt();
+                                prop.valueFlags = (long)flagsPointer->GetInt();
+                                camera->SetCameraControlProp(propIndex, prop.value, prop.valueFlags);
+                            }
+
+                        }
+                        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "  >> done");
+                    } else {
+                        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "No previous config for: {}", symLink);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "exception occurred while config: {}", e.what());
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool camera_config_save() {
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "saving config");
+
+        // create document
+        rapidjson::Document doc;
+        std::string config = fileutils::text_read(CAMERA_CONFIG_PATH);
+        if (!config.empty()) {
+            doc.Parse(config.c_str());
+            log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "existing config file found");
+        }
+        if (!doc.IsObject()) {
+            log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "clearing out config file");
+            doc.SetObject();
+        }
+
+        auto numCameras = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.size();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < numCameras; i++) {
+            auto *camera = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.at(i);
+            auto symLink = camera->GetSymLink();
+            std::string root("/sp2x_cameras/" + symLink + "/");
+
+            // Media type
+            if (camera->m_useAutoMediaType) {
+                rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, "");
+            } else {
+                rapidjson::Pointer(root + "MediaType").Set(doc, camera->m_selectedMediaTypeDescription);
+            }
+
+            // Draw Mode
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "DrawMode").Set(doc, DRAW_MODE_LABELS[camera->m_drawMode]);
+
+            // Manual control
+            rapidjson::Pointer(root + "AllowManualControl").Set(doc, camera->m_allowManualControl);
+
+            // Camera control
+            for (int propIndex = 0; propIndex < CAMERA_CONTROL_PROP_SIZE; propIndex++) {
+                std::string label = CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[propIndex];
+                CameraControlProp prop = {};
+                camera->GetCameraControlProp(propIndex, &prop);
+                rapidjson::Pointer(root + label + "/value").Set(doc, (int)prop.value);
+                rapidjson::Pointer(root + label + "/flags").Set(doc, (int)prop.valueFlags);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // build JSON
+        rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
+        rapidjson::PrettyWriter<rapidjson::StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+        doc.Accept(writer);
+
+        // save to file
+        if (fileutils::text_write(CAMERA_CONFIG_PATH, buffer.GetString())) {
+        } else {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "unable to save config file to {}", CAMERA_CONFIG_PATH.string());
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool camera_config_reset() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/iidx/camera.h b/games/iidx/camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eff09f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "games/iidx/local_camera.h"
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+    extern std::vector<IIDXLocalCamera*> LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST;
+    extern bool CAMERA_READY;
+
+    bool init_local_camera();
+    bool init_camera_hooks();
+    void camera_release();
+
+    bool camera_config_load();
+    bool camera_config_save();
+    bool camera_config_reset();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/iidx/ezusb.cpp b/games/iidx/ezusb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89b0031
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/ezusb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+#include "ezusb.h"
+
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "iidx.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+bool games::iidx::EZUSBHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    return wcscmp(lpFileName, L"\\\\.\\Ezusb-0") == 0;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::EZUSBHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    log_warning("iidx", "EZUSB invalid read operation!");
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::EZUSBHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    log_warning("iidx", "EZUSB invalid write operation!");
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int games::iidx::EZUSBHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+        LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+
+    // initialize check
+    if (!init) {
+        // TODO: initialize input
+        init = true;
+        init_success = true;
+    }
+
+    if (init_success) {
+        switch (dwIoControlCode) {
+
+            // device descriptor
+            case 0x222004:
+
+                // check output buffer size
+                if (nOutBufferSize >= 18) {
+
+                    // set descriptor data
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 8) = 0x47;
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 9) = 0x05;
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 10) = 0x35;
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 11) = 0x22;
+
+                    // return output buffer size
+                    return 18;
+
+                } else // buffer too small
+                    return -1;
+
+                // vendor
+            case 0x222014:
+
+                // check input buffer size
+                if (nInBufferSize >= 10)
+                    return 0;
+                else
+                    return -1;
+
+                // data read
+            case 0x22204E:
+
+                // check input buffer size
+                if (nInBufferSize < 4)
+                    return -1;
+
+                // read 0x01
+                if (*(DWORD *) lpInBuffer == 0x01) {
+                    *((DWORD *) lpOutBuffer) = get_pad();
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 4) = FPGA_CMD_STATE;
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 7) = get_tt(1, false);
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 8) = get_tt(0, false);
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 9) = FPGA_COUNTER++;
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 11) = 1; // 1 success; 0 failed
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 13) = get_slider(1) << 4 | get_slider(0);
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 14) = get_slider(3) << 4 | get_slider(2);
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 15) = get_slider(4);
+                    return (int) nOutBufferSize;
+                }
+
+                // read 0x03
+                if (*(DWORD *) lpInBuffer == 0x03) {
+
+                    // check output buffer size
+                    if (nOutBufferSize < 64)
+                        return -1;
+
+                    // null node read
+                    if (FPGA_CUR_NODE == 0) {
+                        *(int *) lpOutBuffer = 0;
+                        return (int) nOutBufferSize;
+                    }
+
+                    // check node size
+                    if (FPGA_CUR_NODE != 64)
+                        return -1;
+
+                    // check command
+                    if (SRAM_CMD != 2)
+                        return -1;
+
+                    // check if page exists
+                    if (SRAM_PAGE >= 12)
+                        return -1;
+
+                    // write page
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 1) = (char) SRAM_PAGE;
+
+                    // copy page
+                    memcpy((uint8_t*) lpOutBuffer + 2, SRAM_DATA + 62 * SRAM_PAGE, 62);
+                    SRAM_PAGE++;
+
+                    // write node
+                    *((char *) lpOutBuffer) = (char) FPGA_CUR_NODE;
+
+                    return (int) nOutBufferSize;
+                }
+
+                // unknown
+                return -1;
+
+                // data write
+            case 0x222051:
+
+                // check in buffer size
+                if (nInBufferSize < 4)
+                    return -1;
+
+                // write 0x00
+                if (*(DWORD *) lpInBuffer == 0x00) {
+
+                    // check out buffer size
+                    if (nOutBufferSize < 10)
+                        return -1;
+
+                    // get data
+                    uint16_t lamp = *((uint16_t *) lpOutBuffer + 0);
+                    uint8_t led = *((uint8_t *) lpOutBuffer + 6);
+                    uint8_t top_lamp = *((uint8_t *) lpOutBuffer + 8);
+                    uint8_t top_neon = *((uint8_t *) lpOutBuffer + 9);
+
+                    // process data
+                    write_lamp(lamp);
+                    write_led(led);
+                    write_top_lamp(top_lamp);
+                    write_top_neon(top_neon);
+
+                    // flush device output
+                    RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+                    char write_node = *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 2);
+                    if (write_node != 0) {
+                        switch (write_node) {
+                            case 4:
+                                switch (*((char *) lpOutBuffer + 3)) {
+                                    case 1: // init
+                                        FPGA_CMD_STATE = 65;
+                                        break;
+                                    case 2: // check
+                                        FPGA_CMD_STATE = 66;
+                                        break;
+                                    case 3: // write
+                                    {
+                                        //int write_data = *((short *) lpOutBuffer + 4);
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    case 4: // write done
+                                        FPGA_CMD_STATE = 67;
+                                        break;
+                                    default: // unknown
+                                        return -1;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            case 5:
+                                break;
+                            case 9:
+                                break;
+                            case 64: // SRAM command
+                                SRAM_CMD = *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 3);
+                                switch (SRAM_CMD) {
+                                    case 2: // read
+                                        SRAM_PAGE = 0;
+                                        break;
+                                    case 3: // write
+                                        SRAM_PAGE = 0;
+                                        break;
+                                    case 4: // done
+                                        break;
+                                    default: // unknown
+                                        return -1;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default: // unknown node
+                                return -1;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // save node
+                    FPGA_CUR_NODE = write_node;
+
+                    // return out buffer size
+                    return (int) nOutBufferSize;
+                }
+
+                // write 0x02
+                if (*(DWORD *) lpInBuffer == 0x02) {
+
+                    // check out buffer size
+                    if (nOutBufferSize < 64)
+                        return -1;
+
+                    int cmd = *(char *) lpOutBuffer;
+                    switch (cmd) {
+                        case 0: // null write
+                            break;
+                        case 4: // unknown
+                            break;
+                        case 5: // 16seg
+                        {
+                            // write to status
+                            IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.lock();
+                            if (!IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY)
+                                memcpy(IIDXIO_LED_TICKER, (char *) lpOutBuffer + 2, 9);
+                            IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.unlock();
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case 64: // SRAM write
+                        {
+                            // get page
+                            static char page = *((char *) lpOutBuffer + 1);
+                            page = (char) SRAM_PAGE++;
+
+                            // check page
+                            if (page >= 12)
+                                return -1;
+
+                            // copy data
+                            memcpy(SRAM_DATA + 62 * page, (uint8_t*) lpOutBuffer + 2, 62);
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        default: // unknown node
+                            return -1;
+                    }
+
+                    // return out buffer size
+                    return (int) nOutBufferSize;
+                }
+
+                // unknown write
+                return -1;
+
+                // firmware upload
+            case 0x22206D:
+
+                // check buffer size
+                if (nInBufferSize >= 2)
+                    return (int) nOutBufferSize;
+                else
+                    return -1;
+
+                // unknown control code
+            default:
+                log_warning("iidx", "EZUSB unknown: {}", dwIoControlCode);
+                return -1;
+        }
+    } else
+        return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::iidx::EZUSBHandle::close() {
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/ezusb.h b/games/iidx/ezusb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c34f27a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/ezusb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    class EZUSBHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+
+        // state
+        bool init = false;
+        bool init_success = false;
+        char FPGA_CMD_STATE = 67;
+        char FPGA_COUNTER = 0;
+        int FPGA_CUR_NODE = 0;
+        int SRAM_CMD = 0;
+        int SRAM_PAGE = 0;
+        char SRAM_DATA[62 * 12]{};
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/iidx.cpp b/games/iidx/iidx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cc791a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/iidx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,733 @@
+#include "iidx.h"
+
+#include "acioemu/handle.h"
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+#include "games/iidx/camera.h"
+#endif
+#include "games/iidx/legacy_camera.h"
+
+#include "hooks/avshook.h"
+#include "hooks/cfgmgr32hook.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#ifdef SPICE64
+#include "hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.h"
+#endif
+#include "hooks/setupapihook.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "bi2a.h"
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+#include "ezusb.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+static decltype(RegCloseKey) *RegCloseKey_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegEnumKeyA) *RegEnumKeyA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegOpenKeyA) *RegOpenKeyA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegOpenKeyExA) *RegOpenKeyExA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegQueryValueExA) *RegQueryValueExA_orig = nullptr;
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    // constants
+    const HKEY PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE = reinterpret_cast<HKEY>(0x3001);
+    const HKEY DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE = reinterpret_cast<HKEY>(0x3002);
+    const char *ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME = "XONAR SOUND CARD(64)";
+
+    // settings
+    bool FLIP_CAMS = false;
+    bool DISABLE_CAMS = false;
+    bool TDJ_CAMERA = false;
+    bool TDJ_CAMERA_PREFER_16_9 = true;
+    bool TDJ_MODE = false;
+    bool FORCE_720P = false;
+    bool DISABLE_ESPEC_IO = false;
+    bool NATIVE_TOUCH = false;
+    std::optional<std::string> SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER = std::nullopt;
+    uint8_t DIGITAL_TT_SENS = 4;
+    std::optional<std::string> SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<std::string> SCREEN_MODE = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<std::string> TDJ_CAMERA_OVERRIDE = std::nullopt;
+
+    // states
+    static HKEY real_asio_reg_handle = nullptr;
+    static HKEY real_asio_device_reg_handle = nullptr;
+    static uint16_t IIDXIO_TT_STATE[2]{};
+    static int8_t IIDXIO_TT_DIRECTION[2]{1, 1};
+    static bool IIDXIO_TT_PRESSED[2]{};
+    static bool IIDXIO_TT_ALT_PRESSED[2]{};
+    char IIDXIO_LED_TICKER[10] = {' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', ' ', '\x00'};
+    bool IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY = false;
+    std::mutex IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK;
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegOpenKeyA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpSubKey, PHKEY phkResult) {
+        if (lpSubKey != nullptr && phkResult != nullptr) {
+            if (hKey == HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE &&
+                    ASIO_DRIVER.has_value() &&
+                    _stricmp(lpSubKey, "software\\asio") == 0)
+            {
+                *phkResult = PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE;
+
+                return RegOpenKeyA_orig(hKey, lpSubKey, &real_asio_reg_handle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return RegOpenKeyA_orig(hKey, lpSubKey, phkResult);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegOpenKeyExA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpSubKey, DWORD ulOptions, REGSAM samDesired,
+            PHKEY phkResult)
+    {
+        if (lpSubKey != nullptr && phkResult != nullptr) {
+            if (hKey == PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE &&
+                    ASIO_DRIVER.has_value() &&
+                    _stricmp(lpSubKey, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME) == 0)
+            {
+                *phkResult = DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE;
+
+                log_info("iidx::asio", "replacing '{}' with '{}'", lpSubKey, ASIO_DRIVER.value());
+
+                return RegOpenKeyExA_orig(real_asio_reg_handle, ASIO_DRIVER.value().c_str(), ulOptions, samDesired,
+                        &real_asio_device_reg_handle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return RegOpenKeyExA_orig(hKey, lpSubKey, ulOptions, samDesired, phkResult);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegEnumKeyA_hook(HKEY hKey, DWORD dwIndex, LPSTR lpName, DWORD cchName) {
+        if (hKey == PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE && ASIO_DRIVER.has_value()) {
+            if (dwIndex == 0) {
+                auto ret = RegEnumKeyA_orig(real_asio_reg_handle, dwIndex, lpName, cchName);
+
+                if (ret == ERROR_SUCCESS && lpName != nullptr) {
+                    log_info("iidx::asio", "stubbing '{}' with '{}'", lpName, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME);
+
+                    strncpy(lpName, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME, cchName);
+                }
+
+                return ret;
+            } else {
+                return ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return RegEnumKeyA_orig(hKey, dwIndex, lpName, cchName);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegQueryValueExA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCTSTR lpValueName, LPDWORD lpReserved, LPDWORD lpType,
+            LPBYTE lpData, LPDWORD lpcbData)
+    {
+        if (lpValueName != nullptr && lpData != nullptr && lpcbData != nullptr) {
+
+            // ASIO hack
+            if (hKey == DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE && ASIO_DRIVER.has_value()) {
+                log_info("iidx::asio", "RegQueryValueExA({}, \"{}\")", fmt::ptr((void *) hKey), lpValueName);
+
+                if (_stricmp(lpValueName, "Description") == 0) {
+                    // newer iidx does a comparison against hardcoded string "XONAR SOUND CARD(64)" (same as sdvx)
+                    // so what's in the registry must be overridden with "XONAR SOUND CARD(64)"
+                    // otherwise you end up with this error: M:BMSoundLib: ASIODriver: No such driver
+                    memcpy(lpData, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME, strlen(ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME) + 1);
+
+                    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+                } else {
+                    hKey = real_asio_device_reg_handle;
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*
+            * Dirty Workaround for IO Device
+            * Game gets registry object via SetupDiOpenDevRegKey, then looks up "PortName" via RegQueryValueExA
+            * We ignore the first and just cheat on the second.
+            */
+            // check for port name lookup
+            if (_stricmp(lpValueName, "PortName") == 0) {
+                const char port[] = "COM2";
+                memcpy(lpData, port, sizeof(port));
+
+                return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // fallback
+        return RegQueryValueExA_orig(hKey, lpValueName, lpReserved, lpType, lpData, lpcbData);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegCloseKey_hook(HKEY hKey) {
+        if (hKey == PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE || hKey == DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE) {
+            return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        return RegCloseKey_orig(hKey);
+    }
+
+    static bool log_hook(void *user, const std::string &data, logger::Style style, std::string &out) {
+        if (data.empty() || data[0] != '[') {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // get rid of the log spam
+        if (data.find(" I:graphic: adapter mode ") != std::string::npos) {
+            out.clear();
+            return true;
+        } else if (data.find(" W:afputils: CDirectX::SetRenderState ") != std::string::npos) {
+            out.clear();
+            return true;
+        } else if (data.find("\" layer ID 0 is not layer ID.") != std::string::npos) {
+            out.clear();
+            return true;
+        } else if (data.find(" W:touch: missing trigger:") != std::string::npos) {
+            out.clear();
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    typedef void* (*aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t)(unsigned int, int);
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static void* aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_hook(unsigned int a1, int a2) {
+        if (aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig) {
+            auto options = games::get_options(eamuse_get_game());
+            if (options->at(launcher::Options::IIDXBIO2FW).value_bool()) {
+                log_info("iidx", "CreateWriteFirmContext({}, {} -> 2)", a1, a2);
+                return aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig(a1, 2);
+            } else {
+                log_info("iidx", "CreateWriteFirmContext({}, {})", a1, a2);
+                return aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig(a1, a2);
+            }
+        }
+        log_warning("iidx", "CreateWriteFirmContext == nullptr");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    IIDXGame::IIDXGame() : Game("Beatmania IIDX") {
+        logger::hook_add(log_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    IIDXGame::~IIDXGame() {
+        logger::hook_remove(log_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    void IIDXGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        if (find_pattern(
+                avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE,
+                "534F554E445F4F55545055545F444556494345", // SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE
+                "XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX",
+                0, 0)) {
+            log_misc("iidx", "This game accepts SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE environment variable");
+        } else {
+            log_warning("iidx", "This game does not accept SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE environment variable; it will be ignored");
+            log_warning("iidx", "Make sure you applied appropriate patches to use the correct sound device (ASIO or WASAPI)");
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // IO boards
+        auto options = games::get_options(eamuse_get_game());
+        if (!options->at(launcher::Options::IIDXBIO2FW).value_bool()) {
+
+            // reduce boot wait time
+            hooks::sleep::init(1000, 1);
+
+            // add old IO board
+            SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings1 {};
+            settings1.class_guid[0] = 0xAE18AA60;
+            settings1.class_guid[1] = 0x11D47F6A;
+            settings1.class_guid[2] = 0x0100DD97;
+            settings1.class_guid[3] = 0x59B92902;
+            const char property1[] = "Cypress EZ-USB (2235 - EEPROM missing)";
+            const char interface_detail1[] = "\\\\.\\Ezusb-0";
+            memcpy(settings1.property_devicedesc, property1, sizeof(property1));
+            memcpy(settings1.interface_detail, interface_detail1, sizeof(interface_detail1));
+            setupapihook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+            setupapihook_add(settings1);
+
+            // IIDX <25 with EZUSB input device
+            devicehook_init();
+            devicehook_add(new EZUSBHandle());
+
+            // add new BIO2 I/O board
+            SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings2 {};
+            settings2.class_guid[0] = 0x4D36E978;
+            settings2.class_guid[1] = 0x11CEE325;
+            settings2.class_guid[2] = 0x0008C1BF;
+            settings2.class_guid[3] = 0x1803E12B;
+            const char property2[] = "BIO2(VIDEO)";
+            const char interface_detail2[] = "COM2";
+            memcpy(settings2.property_devicedesc, property2, sizeof(property2));
+            memcpy(settings2.interface_detail, interface_detail2, sizeof(interface_detail2));
+            setupapihook_add(settings2);
+
+            // IIDX 25-27 BIO2 BI2A input device
+            devicehook_add(new IIDXFMSerialHandle());
+        }
+
+        // check for new I/O DLL
+        auto aio = libutils::try_library("libaio.dll");
+        if (aio != nullptr) {
+
+            // check TDJ mode
+            TDJ_MODE |= fileutils::text_read("C:\\000rom.txt") == "TDJ-JA";
+            TDJ_MODE |= fileutils::text_read("D:\\001rom.txt") == "TDJ";
+
+            // force TDJ mode
+            if (TDJ_MODE) {
+
+                // ensure game starts in the desired mode
+                hooks::avs::set_rom("/c_drv/000rom.txt", "TDJ-JA");
+                hooks::avs::set_rom("/d_drv/001rom.txt", "TDJ");
+
+                // need to hook `avs2-core.dll` so AVS win32fs operations go through rom hook
+                devicehook_init(avs::core::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+                if (!NATIVE_TOUCH) {
+                    wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
+                    wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = true;
+                    wintouchemu::hook_title_ends("beatmania IIDX", "main", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                }
+
+                // prevent crash on TDJ mode without correct DLL
+                if (!GetModuleHandle("nvcuda.dll")) {
+                    DISABLE_CAMS = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // insert BI2X hooks
+            bi2x_hook_init();
+
+            // add card readers
+            devicehook_init(aio);
+            devicehook_add(new acioemu::ACIOHandle(L"COM1"));
+
+            // firmware upgrade hook
+            if (options->at(launcher::Options::IIDXBIO2FW).value_bool()) {
+                aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig = detour::iat(
+                        "aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext",
+                        aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_hook);
+                //devicehook_add(new MITMHandle(L"#vid_1ccf&pid_8050", "", true));
+            } else {
+
+                /*
+                // add the BIO2 I/O board (with different firmware)
+                SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings {};
+                settings.class_guid[0] = 0x0;
+                settings.class_guid[1] = 0x0;
+                settings.class_guid[2] = 0x0;
+                settings.class_guid[3] = 0x0;
+                const char property[] = "1CCF(8050)_000";
+                const char property_hardwareid[] = "USB\\VID_1CCF&PID_8050&MI_00\\000";
+                const char interface_detail[] = "COM3";
+                memcpy(settings.property_devicedesc, property, sizeof(property));
+                memcpy(settings.property_hardwareid, property_hardwareid, sizeof(property_hardwareid));
+                memcpy(settings.interface_detail, interface_detail, sizeof(interface_detail));
+                setupapihook_init(aio);
+                setupapihook_add(settings);
+
+                // IIDX 27 BIO2 BI2X input devce
+                devicehook_add(new BI2XSerialHandle());
+                */
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ASIO device hook
+        RegCloseKey_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegCloseKey", RegCloseKey_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        RegEnumKeyA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegEnumKeyA", RegEnumKeyA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        RegOpenKeyA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegOpenKeyA", RegOpenKeyA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        RegOpenKeyExA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegOpenKeyExA", RegOpenKeyExA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        // IO device workaround
+        RegQueryValueExA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegQueryValueExA", RegQueryValueExA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        // check if cam hook should be enabled
+        if (!DISABLE_CAMS) {
+            init_legacy_camera_hook(FLIP_CAMS);
+        }
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        if (TDJ_CAMERA) {
+            init_camera_hooks();
+        }
+        if (TDJ_MODE && !D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE) {
+            nvenc_hook::initialize();
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // init cfgmgr32 hooks
+        cfgmgr32hook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    }
+
+    void IIDXGame::pre_attach() {
+        Game::pre_attach();
+
+        // environment variables must be set before the DLL is loaded as the VC++ runtime copies all
+        // environment variables at startup
+        if (DISABLE_CAMS) {
+            SetEnvironmentVariable("CONNECT_CAMERA", "0");
+        }
+
+        if (SCREEN_MODE.has_value()) {
+            SetEnvironmentVariable("SCREEN_MODE", SCREEN_MODE.value().c_str());
+        }
+
+        // windowed subscreen, enabled by default, unless turned off by user
+        auto options = games::get_options(eamuse_get_game());
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && !options->at(launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXNoSub).value_bool()) {
+            GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB = true;
+        }
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        this->detect_sound_output_device();
+#endif
+
+        // check bad model name
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && avs::game::is_model("TDJ")) {
+            log_fatal(
+                "iidx",
+                "BAD MODEL NAME ERROR\n\n\n"
+                "!!! model name set to TDJ, this is WRONG and will break your game !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! If you are trying to boot IIDX with Lightning Model mode,     !!!\n"
+                "!!! please do the following instead:                              !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! Revert your changes to XML file so it says                    !!!\n"
+                "!!!     <model __type=\"str\">LDJ</model>                           !!!\n" 
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! In SpiceCfg, enable 'IIDX TDJ Mode' or provide -iidxtdj flag  !!!\n"
+                "!!! in command line                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! Apply any applicable settings / patches / hex edits           !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! model name set to TDJ, this is WRONG and will break your game !!!\n\n\n"
+                );
+        }
+    }
+
+    void IIDXGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        devicehook_dispose();
+    }
+
+    void IIDXGame::detect_sound_output_device() {
+        // if the user specified a value (other than auto), use it as the environment var
+        // probably "wasapi" or "asio", but it's not explicitly checked here for forward compat
+        if (SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE.has_value() && SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE.value() != "auto") {
+            log_info(
+                "iidx",
+                "using user-supplied \"{}\" for SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE",
+                SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE.value());
+            SetEnvironmentVariable("SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE", SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE.value().c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // automatic detection
+        bool use_asio = false;
+        log_misc("iidx", "auto-detect SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE...");
+        if (ASIO_DRIVER.has_value()) {
+            log_misc(
+                "iidx",
+                "-iidxasio is set to \"{}\", use asio for SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE",
+                ASIO_DRIVER.value());
+            use_asio = true;
+        } else {
+            HKEY subkey;
+            LSTATUS result;
+            result = RegOpenKey(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, "SOFTWARE\\ASIO\\XONAR SOUND CARD(64)", &subkey);
+            if (result == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+                RegCloseKey(subkey);
+                use_asio = true;
+                log_misc(
+                    "iidx",
+                    "found HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\ASIO\\XONAR SOUND CARD(64), using asio for SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE");
+            }
+        }
+
+        const char* device = "wasapi";
+        if (use_asio) {
+            device = "asio";
+        }
+        log_info("iidx", "SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE set to {}", device);
+        log_info(
+            "iidx",
+            "SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE only affects IIDX27+ and ignored by older games. "
+            "If {} is not what you wanted, you can override it with -iidxsounddevice option",
+            device);
+        SetEnvironmentVariable("SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE", device);
+    }
+
+    uint32_t get_pad() {
+        uint32_t pad = 0;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        // player 1 buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_1)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x08;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_2)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x09;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_3)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x0A;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_4)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x0B;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_5)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x0C;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_6)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x0D;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_7)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x0E;
+
+        // player 2 buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_1)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x0F;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_2)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x10;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_3)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x11;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_4)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x12;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_5)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x13;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_6)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x14;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_7)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x15;
+
+        // player 1 start
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P1_Start)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x18;
+
+        // player 2 start
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::P2_Start)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x19;
+
+        // VEFX
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::VEFX)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x1A;
+
+        // EFFECT
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Effect)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x1B;
+
+        // test
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Test)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x1C;
+
+        // service
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Service)))
+            pad |= 1 << 0x1D;
+
+        return ~(pad & 0xFFFFFF00);
+    }
+
+    void write_lamp(uint16_t lamp) {
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                Lights::P1_1,
+                Lights::P1_2,
+                Lights::P1_3,
+                Lights::P1_4,
+                Lights::P1_5,
+                Lights::P1_6,
+                Lights::P1_7,
+                Lights::P2_1,
+                Lights::P2_2,
+                Lights::P2_3,
+                Lights::P2_4,
+                Lights::P2_5,
+                Lights::P2_6,
+                Lights::P2_7,
+        };
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // bit scan
+        for (int i = 0; i < 14; i++) {
+            float value = (lamp & (1 << i)) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_led(uint8_t led) {
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                Lights::P1_Start,
+                Lights::P2_Start,
+                Lights::VEFX,
+                Lights::Effect,
+        };
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // bit scan
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            auto value = (led & (1 << i)) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_top_lamp(uint8_t top_lamp) {
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                Lights::SpotLight1,
+                Lights::SpotLight2,
+                Lights::SpotLight3,
+                Lights::SpotLight4,
+                Lights::SpotLight5,
+                Lights::SpotLight6,
+                Lights::SpotLight7,
+                Lights::SpotLight8,
+        };
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // bit scan
+        for (int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+            auto value = (top_lamp & (1 << i)) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_top_neon(uint8_t top_neon) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // write value
+        auto value = top_neon > 0 ? 1.f : 0.f;
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(Lights::NeonLamp), value);
+    }
+
+    unsigned char get_tt(int player, bool slow) {
+
+        // check change value for high/low precision
+        uint16_t change =
+            slow ? (uint16_t) (DIGITAL_TT_SENS / 4) : (uint16_t) DIGITAL_TT_SENS;
+
+        // check player number
+        if (player > 1)
+            return 0;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+        bool ttp = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(
+                player != 0 ? Buttons::P2_TTPlus : Buttons::P1_TTPlus));
+        bool ttm = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(
+                player != 0 ? Buttons::P2_TTMinus : Buttons::P1_TTMinus));
+
+        bool ttpm = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(
+                player != 0 ? Buttons::P2_TTPlusMinus : Buttons::P1_TTPlusMinus));
+        bool ttpm_alt = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(
+                player != 0 ? Buttons::P2_TTPlusMinusAlt : Buttons::P1_TTPlusMinusAlt));
+
+        // TT+
+        if (ttp)
+            IIDXIO_TT_STATE[player] += change;
+
+        // TT-
+        if (ttm)
+            IIDXIO_TT_STATE[player] -= change;
+
+        // TT+/-
+        bool ttpm_rising_edge = !IIDXIO_TT_PRESSED[player] && ttpm;
+        bool ttpm_alt_rising_edge = !IIDXIO_TT_ALT_PRESSED[player] && ttpm_alt;
+        if (ttpm_rising_edge || ttpm_alt_rising_edge) {
+            IIDXIO_TT_DIRECTION[player] *= -1;
+        }
+        if (ttpm || ttpm_alt) {
+            IIDXIO_TT_STATE[player] += (change * IIDXIO_TT_DIRECTION[player]);
+        }
+        IIDXIO_TT_PRESSED[player] = ttpm;
+        IIDXIO_TT_ALT_PRESSED[player] = ttpm_alt;
+
+        // raw input
+        auto &analogs = get_analogs();
+        auto &analog = analogs[player != 0 ? Analogs::TT_P2 : Analogs::TT_P1];
+        auto ret_value = IIDXIO_TT_STATE[player];
+        if (analog.isSet()) {
+            ret_value = IIDXIO_TT_STATE[player];
+            ret_value += (uint16_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog) * 1023.999f);
+        }
+
+        // return higher 8 bit
+        return (uint8_t) (ret_value >> 2);
+    }
+
+    unsigned char get_slider(uint8_t slider) {
+
+        // check slide
+        if (slider > 4)
+            return 0;
+
+        // get analog
+        auto &analogs = get_analogs();
+        Analog *analog = nullptr;
+        switch (slider) {
+            case 0:
+                analog = &analogs.at(Analogs::VEFX);
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                analog = &analogs.at(Analogs::LowEQ);
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                analog = &analogs.at(Analogs::HiEQ);
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                analog = &analogs.at(Analogs::Filter);
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                analog = &analogs.at(Analogs::PlayVolume);
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // if not set return max value
+        if (!analog || !analog->isSet()) {
+            return 0xF;
+        }
+
+        // return slide
+        return (unsigned char) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, *analog) * 15.999f);
+    }
+
+    const char* get_16seg() {
+        return IIDXIO_LED_TICKER;
+    }
+
+    bool is_tdj_fhd() {
+        return TDJ_MODE && avs::game::is_ext(2022101900, MAXINT);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/iidx.h b/games/iidx/iidx.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..db43800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/iidx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    // settings
+
+    extern bool FLIP_CAMS;
+    extern bool DISABLE_CAMS;
+    extern bool TDJ_CAMERA;
+    extern bool TDJ_CAMERA_PREFER_16_9;
+    extern std::optional<std::string> TDJ_CAMERA_OVERRIDE;
+
+    extern bool TDJ_MODE;
+    extern bool FORCE_720P;
+    extern bool DISABLE_ESPEC_IO;
+    extern bool NATIVE_TOUCH;
+    extern std::optional<std::string> SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE;
+    extern std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER;
+    extern uint8_t DIGITAL_TT_SENS;
+    extern std::optional<std::string> SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE;
+    extern std::optional<std::string> SCREEN_MODE;
+
+    // state
+    extern char IIDXIO_LED_TICKER[10];
+    extern bool IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY;
+    extern std::mutex IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK;
+
+    class IIDXGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        IIDXGame();
+        virtual ~IIDXGame() override;
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void pre_attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+
+    private:
+        void detect_sound_output_device();
+    };
+
+    // helper methods
+    uint32_t get_pad();
+    void write_lamp(uint16_t lamp);
+    void write_led(uint8_t led);
+    void write_top_lamp(uint8_t top_lamp);
+    void write_top_neon(uint8_t top_neon);
+    unsigned char get_tt(int player, bool slow);
+    unsigned char get_slider(uint8_t slider);
+    const char* get_16seg();
+    bool is_tdj_fhd();
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/io.cpp b/games/iidx/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2468f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::iidx::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Beatmania IIDX");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "P1 1",
+                "P1 2",
+                "P1 3",
+                "P1 4",
+                "P1 5",
+                "P1 6",
+                "P1 7",
+                "P1 TT+",
+                "P1 TT-",
+                "P1 TT+/-",
+                "P1 TT+/- Alternate",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P2 1",
+                "P2 2",
+                "P2 3",
+                "P2 4",
+                "P2 5",
+                "P2 6",
+                "P2 7",
+                "P2 TT+",
+                "P2 TT-",
+                "P2 TT+/-",
+                "P2 TT+/- Alternate",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "EFFECT",
+                "VEFX",
+                "P1 Headphone",
+                "P2 Headphone"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::iidx::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Beatmania IIDX");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Turntable P1",
+                "Turntable P2",
+                "VEFX",
+                "Low-EQ",
+                "Hi-EQ",
+                "Filter",
+                "Play Volume"
+        );
+    }
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::iidx::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Beatmania IIDX");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "P1 1",
+                "P1 2",
+                "P1 3",
+                "P1 4",
+                "P1 5",
+                "P1 6",
+                "P1 7",
+                "P2 1",
+                "P2 2",
+                "P2 3",
+                "P2 4",
+                "P2 5",
+                "P2 6",
+                "P2 7",
+                "P1 Start",
+                "P2 Start",
+                "VEFX",
+                "Effect",
+                "Spot Light 1",
+                "Spot Light 2",
+                "Spot Light 3",
+                "Spot Light 4",
+                "Spot Light 5",
+                "Spot Light 6",
+                "Spot Light 7",
+                "Spot Light 8",
+                "Neon Lamp",
+                "Woofer R",
+                "Woofer G",
+                "Woofer B",
+                "IC Card Reader P1 R",
+                "IC Card Reader P1 G",
+                "IC Card Reader P1 B",
+                "IC Card Reader P2 R",
+                "IC Card Reader P2 G",
+                "IC Card Reader P2 B",
+                "Turntable P1 R",
+                "Turntable P1 G",
+                "Turntable P1 B",
+                "Turntable P2 R",
+                "Turntable P2 G",
+                "Turntable P2 B",
+                "Turntable P1 Resistance",
+                "Turntable P2 Resistance",
+                "Stage Left Avg R",
+                "Stage Left Avg G",
+                "Stage Left Avg B",
+                "Stage Right Avg R",
+                "Stage Right Avg G",
+                "Stage Right Avg B",
+                "Cabinet Left Avg R",
+                "Cabinet Left Avg G",
+                "Cabinet Left Avg B",
+                "Cabinet Right Avg R",
+                "Cabinet Right Avg G",
+                "Cabinet Right Avg B",
+                "Control Panel Under Avg R",
+                "Control Panel Under Avg G",
+                "Control Panel Under Avg B",
+                "Ceiling Left Avg R",
+                "Ceiling Left Avg G",
+                "Ceiling Left Avg B",
+                "Title Left Avg R",
+                "Title Left Avg G",
+                "Title Left Avg B",
+                "Title Right Avg R",
+                "Title Right Avg G",
+                "Title Right Avg B",
+                "Ceiling Right Avg R",
+                "Ceiling Right Avg G",
+                "Ceiling Right Avg B",
+                "Touch Panel Left Avg R",
+                "Touch Panel Left Avg G",
+                "Touch Panel Left Avg B",
+                "Touch Panel Right Avg R",
+                "Touch Panel Right Avg G",
+                "Touch Panel Right Avg B",
+                "Side Panel Left Inner Avg R",
+                "Side Panel Left Inner Avg G",
+                "Side Panel Left Inner Avg B",
+                "Side Panel Left Outer Avg R",
+                "Side Panel Left Outer Avg G",
+                "Side Panel Left Outer Avg B",
+                "Side Panel Left Avg R",
+                "Side Panel Left Avg G",
+                "Side Panel Left Avg B",
+                "Side Panel Right Outer Avg R",
+                "Side Panel Right Outer Avg G",
+                "Side Panel Right Outer Avg B",
+                "Side Panel Right Inner Avg R",
+                "Side Panel Right Inner Avg G",
+                "Side Panel Right Inner Avg B",
+                "Side Panel Right Avg R",
+                "Side Panel Right Avg G",
+                "Side Panel Right Avg B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/io.h b/games/iidx/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee3ae60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            P1_1,
+            P1_2,
+            P1_3,
+            P1_4,
+            P1_5,
+            P1_6,
+            P1_7,
+            P1_TTPlus,
+            P1_TTMinus,
+            P1_TTPlusMinus,
+            P1_TTPlusMinusAlt,
+            P1_Start,
+            P2_1,
+            P2_2,
+            P2_3,
+            P2_4,
+            P2_5,
+            P2_6,
+            P2_7,
+            P2_TTPlus,
+            P2_TTMinus,
+            P2_TTPlusMinus,
+            P2_TTPlusMinusAlt,
+            P2_Start,
+            Effect,
+            VEFX,
+            P1_Headphone,
+            P2_Headphone,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            TT_P1,
+            TT_P2,
+            VEFX,
+            LowEQ,
+            HiEQ,
+            Filter,
+            PlayVolume
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            P1_1,
+            P1_2,
+            P1_3,
+            P1_4,
+            P1_5,
+            P1_6,
+            P1_7,
+            P2_1,
+            P2_2,
+            P2_3,
+            P2_4,
+            P2_5,
+            P2_6,
+            P2_7,
+            P1_Start,
+            P2_Start,
+            VEFX,
+            Effect,
+            SpotLight1,
+            SpotLight2,
+            SpotLight3,
+            SpotLight4,
+            SpotLight5,
+            SpotLight6,
+            SpotLight7,
+            SpotLight8,
+            NeonLamp,
+            WooferR,
+            WooferG,
+            WooferB,
+            ICCR_P1_R,
+            ICCR_P1_G,
+            ICCR_P1_B,
+            ICCR_P2_R,
+            ICCR_P2_G,
+            ICCR_P2_B,
+            TT_P1_R,
+            TT_P1_G,
+            TT_P1_B,
+            TT_P2_R,
+            TT_P2_G,
+            TT_P2_B,
+            TT_P1_Resistance,
+            TT_P2_Resistance,
+            StageLeftAvgR,
+            StageLeftAvgG,
+            StageLeftAvgB,
+            StageRightAvgR,
+            StageRightAvgG,
+            StageRightAvgB,
+            CabinetLeftAvgR,
+            CabinetLeftAvgG,
+            CabinetLeftAvgB,
+            CabinetRightAvgR,
+            CabinetRightAvgG,
+            CabinetRightAvgB,
+            ControlPanelUnderAvgR,
+            ControlPanelUnderAvgG,
+            ControlPanelUnderAvgB,
+            CeilingLeftAvgR,
+            CeilingLeftAvgG,
+            CeilingLeftAvgB,
+            TitleLeftAvgR,
+            TitleLeftAvgG,
+            TitleLeftAvgB,
+            TitleRightAvgR,
+            TitleRightAvgG,
+            TitleRightAvgB,
+            CeilingRightAvgR,
+            CeilingRightAvgG,
+            CeilingRightAvgB,
+            TouchPanelLeftAvgR,
+            TouchPanelLeftAvgG,
+            TouchPanelLeftAvgB,
+            TouchPanelRightAvgR,
+            TouchPanelRightAvgG,
+            TouchPanelRightAvgB,
+            SidePanelLeftInnerAvgR,
+            SidePanelLeftInnerAvgG,
+            SidePanelLeftInnerAvgB,
+            SidePanelLeftOuterAvgR,
+            SidePanelLeftOuterAvgG,
+            SidePanelLeftOuterAvgB,
+            SidePanelLeftAvgR,
+            SidePanelLeftAvgG,
+            SidePanelLeftAvgB,
+            SidePanelRightOuterAvgR,
+            SidePanelRightOuterAvgG,
+            SidePanelRightOuterAvgB,
+            SidePanelRightInnerAvgR,
+            SidePanelRightInnerAvgG,
+            SidePanelRightInnerAvgB,
+            SidePanelRightAvgR,
+            SidePanelRightAvgG,
+            SidePanelRightAvgB,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/legacy_camera.cpp b/games/iidx/legacy_camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ad92fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/legacy_camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,235 @@
+#include "games/iidx/legacy_camera.h"
+
+// set version to Windows 7 to enable Media Foundation functions
+#ifdef _WIN32_WINNT
+#undef _WIN32_WINNT
+#endif
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
+
+// turn on C-style COM objects
+#define CINTERFACE
+
+#include <mfobjects.h>
+#include <mfidl.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "hooks/cfgmgr32hook.h"
+#include "hooks/setupapihook.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+static VTBL_TYPE(IMFActivate, GetAllocatedString) GetAllocatedString_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(MFEnumDeviceSources) *MFEnumDeviceSources_orig = nullptr;
+
+static bool should_flip_cams = false;
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    /*
+     * Camera related stuff
+     */
+    static std::wstring CAMERA0_ID;
+    static std::wstring CAMERA1_ID;
+
+    static HRESULT WINAPI GetAllocatedString_hook(IMFActivate* This, REFGUID guidKey, LPWSTR *ppwszValue,
+                                                  UINT32 *pcchLength)
+    {
+        // call the original
+        HRESULT result = GetAllocatedString_orig(This, guidKey, ppwszValue, pcchLength);
+
+        // log the cam name
+        log_misc("iidx::cam", "obtained {}", ws2s(*ppwszValue));
+
+        // try first camera
+        wchar_t *pwc = nullptr;
+        if (CAMERA0_ID.length() == 23) {
+            pwc = wcsstr(*ppwszValue, CAMERA0_ID.c_str());
+        }
+
+        // try second camera if first wasn't found
+        if (!pwc && CAMERA1_ID.length() == 23) {
+            pwc = wcsstr(*ppwszValue, CAMERA1_ID.c_str());
+        }
+
+        // check if camera could be identified
+        if (pwc) {
+
+            // fake the USB IDs
+            pwc[4] = L'2';
+            pwc[5] = L'8';
+            pwc[6] = L'8';
+            pwc[7] = L'c';
+
+            pwc[13] = L'0';
+            pwc[14] = L'0';
+            pwc[15] = L'0';
+            pwc[16] = L'2';
+
+            pwc[21] = L'0';
+            pwc[22] = L'0';
+
+            log_misc("iidx::cam", "replaced {}", ws2s(*ppwszValue));
+        }
+
+        // return original result
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void hook_camera(size_t no, std::wstring camera_id, std::string camera_instance) {
+
+        // logic based on camera no
+        if (no == 0) {
+
+            // don't hook if camera 0 is already hooked
+            if (CAMERA0_ID.length() > 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // save the camera ID
+            CAMERA0_ID = camera_id;
+
+            // cfgmgr hook
+            CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTING camera_setting;
+            camera_setting.device_instance = 0xDEADBEEF;
+            camera_setting.parent_instance = ~camera_setting.device_instance;
+            camera_setting.device_id = "USB\\VEN_1022&DEV_7908";
+            camera_setting.device_node_id = "USB\\VID_288C&PID_0002&MI_00\\?&????????&?&????";
+            if (camera_instance.length() == 17) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
+                    camera_setting.device_node_id[28 + i] = camera_instance[i];
+                }
+            }
+            cfgmgr32hook_add(camera_setting);
+
+            log_info("iidx::cam", "hooked camera 1 @ {}", ws2s(camera_id));
+        }
+        else if (no == 1) {
+
+            // don't hook if camera 1 is already hooked
+            if (CAMERA1_ID.length() > 0) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // save the camera ID
+            CAMERA1_ID = camera_id;
+
+            // cfgmgr hook
+            CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTING camera_setting;
+            camera_setting.device_instance = 0xBEEFDEAD;
+            camera_setting.parent_instance = ~camera_setting.device_instance;
+            camera_setting.device_id = "USB\\VEN_1022&DEV_7914";
+            camera_setting.device_node_id = "USB\\VID_288C&PID_0002&MI_00\\?&????????&?&????";
+            if (camera_instance.length() == 17) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
+                    camera_setting.device_node_id[28 + i] = camera_instance[i];
+                }
+            }
+            cfgmgr32hook_add(camera_setting);
+
+            log_info("iidx::cam", "hooked camera 2 @ {}", ws2s(camera_id));
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void hook_camera_vtable(IMFActivate *camera) {
+
+        // hook allocated string method for camera identification
+        memutils::VProtectGuard camera_guard(camera->lpVtbl);
+        camera->lpVtbl->GetAllocatedString = GetAllocatedString_hook;
+    }
+
+    static HRESULT WINAPI MFEnumDeviceSources_hook(IMFAttributes *pAttributes, IMFActivate ***pppSourceActivate,
+                                                   UINT32 *pcSourceActivate) {
+
+        // call original function
+        HRESULT result_orig = MFEnumDeviceSources_orig(pAttributes, pppSourceActivate, pcSourceActivate);
+
+        // check for capture devices
+        if (FAILED(result_orig) || !*pcSourceActivate) {
+            return result_orig;
+        }
+
+        // iterate cameras
+        size_t cam_hook_num = 0;
+        for (size_t cam_num = 0; cam_num < *pcSourceActivate && cam_hook_num < 2; cam_num++) {
+
+            // flip
+            size_t cam_num_flipped = cam_num;
+            if (should_flip_cams) {
+                cam_num_flipped = *pcSourceActivate - cam_num - 1;
+            }
+
+            // get camera
+            IMFActivate *camera = (*pppSourceActivate)[cam_num_flipped];
+
+            // save original method for later use
+            if (GetAllocatedString_orig == nullptr) {
+                GetAllocatedString_orig = camera->lpVtbl->GetAllocatedString;
+            }
+
+            // hook allocated string method for camera identification
+            hook_camera_vtable(camera);
+
+            // get camera link
+            LPWSTR camera_link_lpwstr;
+            UINT32 camera_link_length;
+            if (SUCCEEDED(GetAllocatedString_orig(
+                    camera,
+                    MF_DEVSOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_SOURCE_TYPE_VIDCAP_SYMBOLIC_LINK,
+                    &camera_link_lpwstr,
+                    &camera_link_length))) {
+
+                // cut name to make ID
+                std::wstring camera_link_ws = std::wstring(camera_link_lpwstr);
+                std::wstring camera_id = camera_link_ws.substr(8, 23);
+
+                log_info("iidx::cam", "found video capture device: {}", ws2s(camera_link_ws));
+
+                // only support cameras that start with \\?\usb
+                if (!string_begins_with(camera_link_ws, L"\\\\?\\usb")) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get camera instance
+                std::string camera_link = ws2s(camera_link_ws);
+                std::string camera_instance = camera_link.substr(32, 17);
+
+                // hook the camera
+                hook_camera(cam_hook_num, camera_id, camera_instance);
+
+                // increase camera hook number
+                cam_hook_num++;
+
+            } else {
+                log_warning("iidx::cam", "failed to open camera {}", cam_num_flipped);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return result
+        return result_orig;
+    }
+
+    void init_legacy_camera_hook(bool flip_cams) {
+        should_flip_cams = flip_cams;
+
+        // camera media framework hook
+        MFEnumDeviceSources_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "MFEnumDeviceSources", MFEnumDeviceSources_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        // camera settings
+        SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings3 {};
+        settings3.class_guid[0] = 0x00000000;
+        settings3.class_guid[1] = 0x00000000;
+        settings3.class_guid[2] = 0x00000000;
+        settings3.class_guid[3] = 0x00000000;
+        const char property3[] = "USB Composite Device";
+        memcpy(settings3.property_devicedesc, property3, sizeof(property3));
+        settings3.property_address[0] = 1;
+        settings3.property_address[1] = 7;
+        setupapihook_add(settings3);
+    }
+
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/iidx/legacy_camera.h b/games/iidx/legacy_camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..46ce01b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/legacy_camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+    void init_legacy_camera_hook(bool);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/iidx/local_camera.cpp b/games/iidx/local_camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0bead7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/local_camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+#include "games/iidx/local_camera.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+std::string CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[] = {
+    "Pan",
+    "Tilt",
+    "Roll",
+    "Zoom",
+    "Exposure",
+    "Iris",
+    "Focus"
+};
+
+std::string DRAW_MODE_LABELS[] = {
+    "Stretch",
+    "Crop",
+    "Letterbox",
+    "Crop to 4:3",
+    "Letterbox to 4:3",
+};
+
+// static HRESULT printTextureLevelDesc(LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 texture) {
+//     HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+//     D3DSURFACE_DESC desc;
+//     hr = texture->GetLevelDesc(0, &desc);
+//     log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "Texture Desc Size: {}x{} Res Type: {} Format: {} Usage: {}", desc.Width, desc.Height, (int) desc.Type, (int) desc.Format, (int) desc.Usage);
+//     return hr;
+// }
+
+LONG TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH = 1280;
+LONG TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT = 720;
+
+double RATIO_16_9 = 16.0 / 9.0;
+double RATIO_4_3 = 4.0 / 3.0;
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+
+    IIDXLocalCamera::IIDXLocalCamera(
+        std::string name,
+        BOOL prefer_16_by_9,
+        IMFActivate *pActivate,
+        IDirect3DDeviceManager9 *pD3DManager,
+        LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9EX device,
+        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 *texture_target
+    ):
+        m_nRefCount(1),
+        m_name(name),
+        m_prefer_16_by_9(prefer_16_by_9),
+        m_device(device),
+        m_texture_target(texture_target),
+        m_texture_original(*texture_target)
+    {
+        InitializeCriticalSection(&m_critsec);
+
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+        IMFAttributes *pAttributes = nullptr;
+
+        EnterCriticalSection(&m_critsec);
+
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Creating camera", m_name);
+
+        // Retrive symlink of Camera for control configurations
+        hr = pActivate->GetAllocatedString(
+            MF_DEVSOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_SOURCE_TYPE_VIDCAP_SYMBOLIC_LINK,
+            &m_pwszSymbolicLink,
+            &m_cchSymbolicLink
+        );
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Symlink: {}", m_name, GetSymLink());
+
+        // Create the media source object.
+        hr = pActivate->ActivateObject(IID_PPV_ARGS(&m_pSource));
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // Retain reference to the camera
+        m_pSource->AddRef();
+        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Activated", m_name);
+
+        // Create an attribute store to hold initialization settings.
+        hr = MFCreateAttributes(&pAttributes, 2);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        hr = pAttributes->SetUnknown(MF_SOURCE_READER_D3D_MANAGER, pD3DManager);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        hr = pAttributes->SetUINT32(MF_SOURCE_READER_DISABLE_DXVA, FALSE);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // TODO: Color space conversion
+        // if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+        //     hr = pAttributes->SetUINT32(MF_SOURCE_READER_ENABLE_ADVANCED_VIDEO_PROCESSING, TRUE);
+        // }       
+        // if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+		// 	hr = pAttributes->SetUINT32(MF_READWRITE_DISABLE_CONVERTERS, FALSE);
+        // }
+
+        // Create the source reader.
+        hr = MFCreateSourceReaderFromMediaSource(
+            m_pSource,
+            pAttributes,
+            &m_pSourceReader
+        );
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Created source reader", m_name);
+
+        hr = InitTargetTexture();
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // Camera should be still usable even if camera control is not supported
+        InitCameraControl();
+
+    done:
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            m_initialized = true;
+            log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Initialized", m_name);
+        } else {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Failed to create camera: {}", m_name, hr);
+        }
+        SafeRelease(&pAttributes);
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critsec);
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::StartCapture() {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+        IMFMediaType *pType = nullptr;
+
+        if (!m_initialized) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Camera not initialized", m_name);
+            return E_FAIL;
+        }
+
+        // Try to find a suitable output type.
+        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Find best media type", m_name);
+        UINT32 bestWidth = 0;
+        double bestFrameRate = 0;
+
+        // The loop should terminate by MF_E_NO_MORE_TYPES
+        // Adding a hard limit just in case
+        for (DWORD i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
+            hr = m_pSourceReader->GetNativeMediaType(
+                (DWORD)MF_SOURCE_READER_FIRST_VIDEO_STREAM,
+                i,
+                &pType
+                );
+
+            if (FAILED(hr)) { 
+                if (hr != MF_E_NO_MORE_TYPES) {
+                    log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Cannot get media type {} {}", m_name, i, hr);
+                }
+                break; 
+            }
+
+            hr = TryMediaType(pType, &bestWidth, &bestFrameRate);
+            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+                MediaTypeInfo info = GetMediaTypeInfo(pType);
+                m_mediaTypeInfos.push_back(info);
+                if (hr == S_OK) {
+                    m_pAutoMediaType = pType;
+                }
+            } else {
+                // Invalid media type (e.g. no conversion function)
+                SafeRelease(&pType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Sort available media types
+        std::sort(m_mediaTypeInfos.begin(), m_mediaTypeInfos.end(), [](const MediaTypeInfo &a, const MediaTypeInfo &b) {
+            if (a.width != b.width) {
+                return a.width > b.width;
+            }
+            if (a.height != b.height) {
+                return a.height > b.height;
+            }
+            if (a.frameRate != b.frameRate) {
+                return (int)a.frameRate > (int)b.frameRate;
+            }
+            return a.subtype.Data1 > b.subtype.Data1;
+        });
+
+        if (!m_pAutoMediaType) {
+            m_pAutoMediaType = m_mediaTypeInfos.front().p_mediaType;
+        }
+
+        IMFMediaType *pSelectedMediaType = nullptr;
+
+        // Find media type specified by user configurations
+        if (!m_useAutoMediaType && m_selectedMediaTypeDescription.length() > 0) {
+            log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Use media type from config {}", m_name, m_selectedMediaTypeDescription);
+            auto it = std::find_if(m_mediaTypeInfos.begin(), m_mediaTypeInfos.end(), [this](const MediaTypeInfo &item){
+                return item.description.compare(this->m_selectedMediaTypeDescription) == 0;
+            });
+            if (it != m_mediaTypeInfos.end()) {
+                pSelectedMediaType = (*it).p_mediaType;
+            }
+        }
+
+        hr = S_OK;
+
+        if (!pSelectedMediaType) {
+            pSelectedMediaType = m_pAutoMediaType;
+        }
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) { 
+            hr = ChangeMediaType(pSelectedMediaType);
+        }
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Creating thread", m_name);
+            CreateThread();
+        }
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::ChangeMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType) {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+        MediaTypeInfo info = GetMediaTypeInfo(pType);
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Changing media type: {}", m_name, info.description);
+
+        auto it = std::find_if(m_mediaTypeInfos.begin(), m_mediaTypeInfos.end(), [pType](const MediaTypeInfo &item) {
+            return item.p_mediaType == pType;
+        });
+        m_selectedMediaTypeIndex = it - m_mediaTypeInfos.begin();
+        m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = info.description;
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            hr = m_pSourceReader->SetCurrentMediaType(
+                (DWORD)MF_SOURCE_READER_FIRST_VIDEO_STREAM,
+                NULL,
+                pType
+                );
+        }
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            m_cameraWidth = info.width;
+            m_cameraHeight = info.height;
+            UpdateDrawRect();
+        }
+
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    void IIDXLocalCamera::UpdateDrawRect() {
+        double cameraRatio = (double)m_cameraWidth / m_cameraHeight;
+
+        RECT cameraRect = {0, 0, m_cameraWidth, m_cameraHeight};
+        RECT targetRect = {0, 0, TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH, TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT};
+
+        switch (m_drawMode) {
+            case DrawModeStretch: {
+                CopyRect(&m_rcSource, &cameraRect);
+                CopyRect(&m_rcDest, &targetRect);
+                break;
+            }
+            case DrawModeCrop: {
+                if (cameraRatio > RATIO_16_9) {
+                    // take full source height, crop left/right
+                    LONG croppedWidth = m_cameraHeight * RATIO_16_9;
+                    m_rcSource.left = (LONG)(m_cameraWidth - croppedWidth) / 2;
+                    m_rcSource.top = 0;
+                    m_rcSource.right = m_rcSource.left + croppedWidth;
+                    m_rcSource.bottom = m_cameraHeight;
+                } else {
+                    // take full source width, crop top/bottom
+                    LONG croppedHeight = m_cameraWidth / RATIO_16_9;
+                    m_rcSource.left = 0;
+                    m_rcSource.top = (LONG)(m_cameraHeight - croppedHeight) / 2;
+                    m_rcSource.right = m_cameraWidth;
+                    m_rcSource.bottom = m_rcSource.top + croppedHeight;
+                }
+                CopyRect(&m_rcDest, &targetRect);
+                break;
+            }
+            case DrawModeLetterbox: {
+                CopyRect(&m_rcSource, &cameraRect);
+                if (cameraRatio > RATIO_16_9) {
+                    // take full dest width, empty top/bottom
+                    LONG boxedHeight = TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH / cameraRatio;
+                    m_rcDest.left = 0;
+                    m_rcDest.top = (LONG)(TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT - boxedHeight) / 2;
+                    m_rcDest.right = TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH;
+                    m_rcDest.bottom = m_rcDest.top + boxedHeight;
+                } else {
+                    // take full dest height, empty top/bottom
+                    LONG boxedWidth = TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT * cameraRatio;
+                    m_rcDest.left = (LONG)(TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH - boxedWidth) / 2;
+                    m_rcDest.top = 0;
+                    m_rcDest.right = m_rcDest.left + boxedWidth;
+                    m_rcDest.bottom = TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case DrawModeCrop4_3: {
+                if (cameraRatio > RATIO_4_3) {
+                    // take full source height, crop left/right
+                    LONG croppedWidth = m_cameraHeight * RATIO_4_3;
+                    m_rcSource.left = (LONG)(m_cameraWidth - croppedWidth) / 2;
+                    m_rcSource.top = 0;
+                    m_rcSource.right = m_rcSource.left + croppedWidth;
+                    m_rcSource.bottom = m_cameraHeight;
+                } else {
+                    // take full source width, crop top/bottom
+                    LONG croppedHeight = m_cameraWidth / RATIO_4_3;
+                    m_rcSource.left = 0;
+                    m_rcSource.top = (LONG)(m_cameraHeight - croppedHeight) / 2;
+                    m_rcSource.right = m_cameraWidth;
+                    m_rcSource.bottom = m_rcSource.top + croppedHeight;
+                }
+                CopyRect(&m_rcDest, &targetRect);
+                break;
+            }
+            case DrawModeLetterbox4_3: {
+                CopyRect(&m_rcSource, &cameraRect);
+                if (cameraRatio > RATIO_4_3) {
+                    // take full dest width, empty top/bottom
+                    LONG boxedHeight = TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT / RATIO_4_3;
+                    m_rcDest.left = 0;
+                    m_rcDest.top = (LONG)(TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT - boxedHeight) / 2;
+                    m_rcDest.right = TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH;
+                    m_rcDest.bottom = m_rcDest.top + boxedHeight;
+                } else {
+                    // take full dest height, empty top/bottom
+                    LONG boxedWidth = TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH * RATIO_4_3;
+                    m_rcDest.left = (LONG)(TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH - boxedWidth) / 2;
+                    m_rcDest.top = 0;
+                    m_rcDest.right = m_rcDest.left + boxedWidth;
+                    m_rcDest.bottom = TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ensure the rects are valid
+        IntersectRect(&m_rcSource, &m_rcSource, &cameraRect);
+        IntersectRect(&m_rcDest, &m_rcDest, &targetRect);
+
+        log_info(
+            "iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Update draw rect mode={} src=({}, {}, {}, {}) dest=({}, {}, {}, {})",
+            m_name,
+            DRAW_MODE_LABELS[m_drawMode],
+            m_rcSource.left,
+            m_rcSource.top,
+            m_rcSource.right,
+            m_rcSource.bottom,
+            m_rcDest.left,
+            m_rcDest.top,
+            m_rcDest.right,
+            m_rcDest.bottom
+        );
+
+        m_device->ColorFill(m_pDestSurf, &targetRect, D3DCOLOR_XRGB(0, 0, 0));
+    }
+  
+    void IIDXLocalCamera::CreateThread() {
+        // Create thread
+        m_drawThread = new std::thread([this]() {
+            double accumulator = 0.0;
+            while (this->m_active) {
+                this->Render();
+                double frameTimeMicroSec = (1000000.0 / this->m_frameRate);
+                int floorFrameTimeMicroSec = floor(frameTimeMicroSec);
+                // This maybe an overkill but who knows
+                accumulator += (frameTimeMicroSec - floorFrameTimeMicroSec);
+                if (accumulator > 1.0) {
+                    accumulator -= 1.0;
+                    floorFrameTimeMicroSec += 1;
+                }                
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(floorFrameTimeMicroSec));
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 IIDXLocalCamera::GetTexture() {
+        return m_texture;
+    }
+
+    IAMCameraControl* IIDXLocalCamera::GetCameraControl() {
+        return m_pCameraControl;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::InitCameraControl() {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+        log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Init camera control", m_name);
+
+        hr = m_pSource->QueryInterface(IID_IAMCameraControl, (void**)&m_pCameraControl); 
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { 
+            // The device does not support IAMCameraControl 
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Camera control not supported", m_name);
+            return E_FAIL;
+        } 
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < CAMERA_CONTROL_PROP_SIZE; i++) {
+            long minValue = 0;
+            long maxValue = 0;
+            long delta = 0;
+            long defaultValue = 0;
+            long defFlags = 0;
+            long value = 0;
+            long valueFlags = 0;
+
+            m_pCameraControl->GetRange(
+                i,
+                &minValue,
+                &maxValue,
+                &delta,
+                &defaultValue,
+                &defFlags
+            );
+            m_pCameraControl->Get(
+                i,
+                &value,
+                &valueFlags
+            );
+            m_controlProps.push_back({
+                minValue,
+                maxValue,
+                delta,
+                defaultValue,
+                defFlags,
+                value,
+                valueFlags,
+            });
+
+            CameraControlProp prop = m_controlProps.at(i);
+
+            log_misc(
+                "iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] >> {} range=({}, {}) default={} delta={} dFlags={} value={} vFlags={}", 
+                m_name,
+                CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[i], 
+                prop.minValue, prop.maxValue,
+                prop.defaultValue,
+                prop.delta,
+                prop.defFlags,
+                prop.value,
+                prop.valueFlags
+            );
+        }
+
+        m_controlOptionsInitialized = true;
+
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::GetCameraControlProp(int index, CameraControlProp *pProp) {
+        if (!m_controlOptionsInitialized) {
+            return E_FAIL;
+        }
+
+        auto targetProp = m_controlProps.at(index);
+
+        pProp->minValue = targetProp.minValue;
+        pProp->maxValue = targetProp.maxValue;
+        pProp->defaultValue = targetProp.defaultValue;
+        pProp->delta = targetProp.delta;
+        pProp->defFlags = targetProp.defFlags;
+        pProp->value = targetProp.value;
+        pProp->valueFlags = targetProp.valueFlags;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::SetCameraControlProp(int index, long value, long flags) {
+        if (!m_controlOptionsInitialized || !m_allowManualControl) {
+            return E_FAIL;
+        }
+
+        if (index < 0 || index >= CAMERA_CONTROL_PROP_SIZE) {
+            return E_INVALIDARG;
+        }
+
+        auto targetProp = &(m_controlProps.at(index));
+        HRESULT hr = m_pCameraControl->Set(index, value, flags);
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            m_pCameraControl->Get(
+                index,
+                &targetProp->value,
+                &targetProp->valueFlags
+            );
+        }
+
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::ResetCameraControlProps() {
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Reset camera control", m_name);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < CAMERA_CONTROL_PROP_SIZE; i++) {
+            CameraControlProp prop = m_controlProps.at(i);
+            SetCameraControlProp(i, prop.defaultValue, prop.defFlags);
+        }
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    std::string IIDXLocalCamera::GetName() {
+        return m_name;
+    }
+
+    std::string IIDXLocalCamera::GetSymLink() {
+        if (!m_pwszSymbolicLink) {
+            return "(unknown)";
+        }
+        return ws2s(m_pwszSymbolicLink);
+    }
+
+    MediaTypeInfo IIDXLocalCamera::GetMediaTypeInfo(IMFMediaType *pType) {
+        MediaTypeInfo info = {};
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+        MFRatio frameRate = { 0, 0 };
+
+        info.p_mediaType = pType;
+
+        // Find the video subtype.
+        hr = pType->GetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, &info.subtype);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // Get the frame size.
+        hr = MFGetAttributeSize(pType, MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, &info.width, &info.height);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // Get frame rate
+        hr = MFGetAttributeRatio(
+            pType, 
+            MF_MT_FRAME_RATE, 
+            (UINT32*)&frameRate.Numerator, 
+            (UINT32*)&frameRate.Denominator
+        );
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        info.frameRate = frameRate.Numerator / frameRate.Denominator;
+
+        info.description = fmt::format(
+            "{}x{} @{}FPS {}", 
+            info.width,
+            info.height,
+            (int)info.frameRate,
+            GetVideoFormatName(info.subtype)
+        );
+    done:
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    std::string IIDXLocalCamera::GetVideoFormatName(GUID subtype) {
+        if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_YUY2) {
+            return "YUY2";
+        }
+
+        if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_NV12) {
+            return "NV12";
+        }
+
+        if (subtype == MFVideoFormat_MJPG) {
+            return "MJPG";
+        }
+
+        return "Unknown";
+    }
+
+    /** 
+     * Return values:
+     *   S_OK:      this is a "better" media type than the existing one
+     *   S_FALSE:   valid media type, but not "better"
+     *   E_*:       invalid meia type
+     */
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::TryMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType, UINT32 *pBestWidth, double *pBestFrameRate) {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+        UINT32 width = 0, height = 0;
+        GUID subtype = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
+        MFRatio frameRate = { 0, 0 };
+
+        hr = pType->GetGUID(MF_MT_SUBTYPE, &subtype);
+
+        if (FAILED(hr))  { 
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Failed to get subtype: {}", m_name, hr);
+            return hr;    
+        }
+
+        hr = MFGetAttributeSize(pType, MF_MT_FRAME_SIZE, &width, &height);
+        if (FAILED(hr))  { 
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Failed to get frame size: {}", m_name, hr);
+            return hr;
+        }
+        
+        // Only support format with converters
+        // TODO: verify conversion support with DXVA
+        if (subtype != MFVideoFormat_YUY2 && subtype != MFVideoFormat_NV12) {
+            return E_FAIL;
+        }
+
+        // Frame rate
+        hr = MFGetAttributeRatio(
+            pType, 
+            MF_MT_FRAME_RATE, 
+            (UINT32*)&frameRate.Numerator, 
+            (UINT32*)&frameRate.Denominator
+        );
+        if (FAILED(hr))  { 
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Failed to get frame rate: {}", m_name, hr);
+            return hr;
+        }
+        double frameRateValue = frameRate.Numerator / frameRate.Denominator;
+
+        // Filter by aspect ratio
+        auto aspect_ratio = 4.f / 3.f;
+        if (m_prefer_16_by_9) {
+            aspect_ratio = 16.f / 9.f;
+        }
+        if (fabs((height * aspect_ratio) - width) > 0.01f) {
+            return S_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        // If we have 1280x720 already, only try for better frame rate
+        if ((*pBestWidth >= (UINT32)TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH) && (width > *pBestWidth) && (frameRateValue < *pBestFrameRate)) {
+            return S_FALSE;
+        }
+
+        // Check if this format has better resolution / frame rate
+        if ((width > *pBestWidth) || (width >= (UINT32)TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH && frameRateValue >= *pBestFrameRate)) {
+            // log_misc(
+            //     "iidx::tdjcam", "Better media type {} ({}x{}) @({} FPS)", 
+            //     GetVideoFormatName(subtype),
+            //     width,
+            //     height,
+            //     (int)frameRateValue
+            // );
+
+            *pBestWidth = width;
+            *pBestFrameRate = frameRateValue;
+            return S_OK;
+        }
+
+        return S_FALSE;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::InitTargetTexture() {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+        // Create a new destination texture
+        hr = m_device->CreateTexture(TARGET_SURFACE_WIDTH, TARGET_SURFACE_HEIGHT, 1, D3DUSAGE_RENDERTARGET, D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8, D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &m_texture, NULL);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // Create a D3D9 surface for the destination texture so that camera sample can be drawn onto it
+        hr = m_texture->GetSurfaceLevel(0, &m_pDestSurf);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // Make the game use this new texture as camera stream source
+        *m_texture_target = m_texture;
+        m_active = TRUE;
+
+        // printTextureLevelDesc(m_texture);
+        // printTextureLevelDesc(m_texture_original);
+
+    done:
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+            log_misc("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Created texture", m_name);
+        } else {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Failed to create texture: {}", m_name, hr);
+        }
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::DrawSample(IMFMediaBuffer *pSrcBuffer) {
+        if (!m_active) {
+            return E_FAIL;
+        }
+
+        EnterCriticalSection(&m_critsec);
+
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pCameraSurf = NULL;
+        IDirect3DQuery9* pEventQuery = nullptr;
+
+        hr = MFGetService(pSrcBuffer, MR_BUFFER_SERVICE, IID_PPV_ARGS(&pCameraSurf));
+
+        // Stretch camera texture to destination
+        hr = m_device->StretchRect(pCameraSurf, &m_rcSource, m_pDestSurf, &m_rcDest, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) { goto done; }
+
+        // It is necessary to flush the command queue 
+        // or the data is not ready for the receiver to read.
+        // Adapted from : https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb172234%28v=vs.85%29.aspx
+        // Also see : http://www.ogre3d.org/forums/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=50486
+        m_device->CreateQuery(D3DQUERYTYPE_EVENT, &pEventQuery);
+        if (pEventQuery) {
+            pEventQuery->Issue(D3DISSUE_END);
+            while (S_FALSE == pEventQuery->GetData(NULL, 0, D3DGETDATA_FLUSH));
+            pEventQuery->Release(); // Must be released or causes a leak and reference count increment
+        }
+
+    done:
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("iidx::tdjcam", "Error in DrawSample {}", GetLastError());
+        }
+        SafeRelease(&pCameraSurf);
+        LeaveCriticalSection(&m_critsec);
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT IIDXLocalCamera::ReadSample() {
+        HRESULT hr;
+        DWORD streamIndex, flags;
+        LONGLONG llTimeStamp;
+        IMFSample *pSample = nullptr;
+        IMFMediaBuffer *pBuffer = nullptr;
+
+        hr = m_pSourceReader->ReadSample(
+            MF_SOURCE_READER_FIRST_VIDEO_STREAM,
+            0,
+            &streamIndex,
+            &flags,
+            &llTimeStamp,
+            &pSample
+        );
+
+        if (pSample) {
+            // Draw to D3D
+            pSample->GetBufferByIndex(0, &pBuffer);
+            hr = DrawSample(pBuffer);
+        }
+
+        SafeRelease(&pBuffer);
+        SafeRelease(&pSample);
+
+        return hr;
+    }
+
+    LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 IIDXLocalCamera::Render() {
+        if (!m_active) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        HRESULT hr = ReadSample();
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return m_texture;
+    }
+
+    ULONG IIDXLocalCamera::Release() {
+        log_info("iidx::tdjcam", "[{}] Release camera", m_name);
+        m_active = false;
+
+        ULONG uCount = InterlockedDecrement(&m_nRefCount);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < m_mediaTypeInfos.size(); i++) {
+            SafeRelease(&(m_mediaTypeInfos.at(i).p_mediaType));
+        }
+
+        SafeRelease(&m_pDestSurf);
+
+        if (m_pSource) {
+            m_pSource->Shutdown();
+            m_pSource->Release();
+        }
+
+        CoTaskMemFree(m_pwszSymbolicLink);
+        m_pwszSymbolicLink = NULL;
+        m_cchSymbolicLink = 0;
+
+        if (uCount == 0) {
+            delete this;
+        }
+        // For thread safety, return a temporary variable.
+        return uCount;
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/iidx/local_camera.h b/games/iidx/local_camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7dc8ceb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/local_camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+#include <dxva2api.h>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <mfapi.h>
+#include <mfidl.h>
+#include <mferror.h>
+#include <mfreadwrite.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <strmif.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+#define CAMERA_CONTROL_PROP_SIZE 7
+#define DRAW_MODE_SIZE 5
+
+template <class T> void SafeRelease(T **ppT)
+{
+    if (*ppT)
+    {
+        (*ppT)->Release();
+        *ppT = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+typedef void (*IMAGE_TRANSFORM_FN)(
+    BYTE*       pDest,
+    LONG        lDestStride,
+    const BYTE* pSrc,
+    LONG        lSrcStride,
+    DWORD       dwWidthInPixels,
+    DWORD       dwHeightInPixels
+);
+
+struct CameraControlProp {
+    long minValue = 0;
+    long maxValue = 0;
+    long delta = 0;
+    long defaultValue = 0;
+    long defFlags = 0;
+    long value = 0;
+    long valueFlags = 0;
+};
+
+struct MediaTypeInfo {
+    GUID            subtype = GUID_NULL;
+    UINT32          width = 0;
+    UINT32          height = 0;
+    double          frameRate = 0.0;
+    IMFMediaType*   p_mediaType = nullptr;
+    std::string     description = "";
+    LONG            *plStride = nullptr;
+};
+
+typedef enum {
+    DrawModeStretch = 0,
+    DrawModeCrop = 1,
+    DrawModeLetterbox = 2,
+    DrawModeCrop4_3 = 3,
+    DrawModeLetterbox4_3 = 4,
+} LocalCameraDrawMode;
+
+extern std::string CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[];
+
+extern std::string DRAW_MODE_LABELS[];
+
+namespace games::iidx {
+    class IIDXLocalCamera {
+    protected:
+        virtual ~IIDXLocalCamera() {};
+
+        ULONG m_nRefCount;
+        CRITICAL_SECTION m_critsec;
+
+        std::string m_name;
+        BOOL m_prefer_16_by_9;
+        WCHAR *m_pwszSymbolicLink = nullptr;
+        UINT32 m_cchSymbolicLink = 0;
+
+        // For reading frames from Camera
+        IMFMediaSource *m_pSource = nullptr;
+        IMFSourceReader *m_pSourceReader = nullptr;
+
+        // Camera Format information
+        double                  m_frameRate = 0;
+        LONG                    m_cameraWidth;
+        LONG                    m_cameraHeight;
+
+        // Draw rectangles
+        RECT                    m_rcSource;
+        RECT                    m_rcDest;
+
+        // Thread to draw texture asynchorously
+        std::thread             *m_drawThread = nullptr;
+
+        // DirectX9 DeviceEx
+        LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9EX m_device;
+
+        // Address to hook camera texture onto the game
+        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 *m_texture_target = nullptr;
+
+        // Target texture
+        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_texture = nullptr;
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *m_pDestSurf = nullptr;
+
+        // Storing original texture for clean up
+        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 m_texture_original = nullptr;
+
+        IAMCameraControl *m_pCameraControl = nullptr;
+
+        // Camera Control
+        std::vector<CameraControlProp> m_controlProps = {};
+
+        BOOL m_controlOptionsInitialized = false;
+
+    public:
+        // True if first part of the setup steps (those in the constructor) succeeded
+        BOOL m_initialized = false;
+
+        // True if all the setup steps succeeded
+        BOOL m_active = false;
+
+        // Media type select
+        std::vector<MediaTypeInfo> m_mediaTypeInfos = {};
+        int m_selectedMediaTypeIndex = 0;
+        bool m_useAutoMediaType = true;
+        IMFMediaType *m_pAutoMediaType = nullptr;
+        std::string m_selectedMediaTypeDescription = "";
+        bool m_allowManualControl = false;
+
+        LocalCameraDrawMode m_drawMode = DrawModeCrop4_3;
+
+        IIDXLocalCamera(
+            std::string name,
+            BOOL prefer_16_by_9,
+            IMFActivate *pActivate,
+            IDirect3DDeviceManager9 *pD3DManager,
+            LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9EX device,
+            LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 *texture_target
+        );
+        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 GetTexture();
+        ULONG Release();
+        IAMCameraControl* GetCameraControl();
+        HRESULT GetCameraControlProp(int index, CameraControlProp *pProp);
+        HRESULT SetCameraControlProp(int index, long value, long flags);
+        HRESULT ResetCameraControlProps();
+        std::string GetName();
+        std::string GetSymLink();
+        HRESULT ChangeMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType);
+        HRESULT StartCapture();
+        void UpdateDrawRect();
+
+    private:
+        HRESULT CreateD3DDeviceManager();
+        void CreateThread();
+        MediaTypeInfo GetMediaTypeInfo(IMFMediaType *pType);
+        std::string GetVideoFormatName(GUID subtype);
+        HRESULT TryMediaType(IMFMediaType *pType, UINT32 *pBestWidth, double *pBestFrameRate);
+        HRESULT InitTargetTexture();
+        HRESULT InitCameraControl();
+        HRESULT DrawSample(IMFMediaBuffer *pSrcBuffer);
+        HRESULT ReadSample();
+        LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 Render();
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/iidx/poke.cpp b/games/iidx/poke.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ba0d877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/poke.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,345 @@
+#include "poke.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "windows.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/generic_sub.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#define POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH 0
+
+#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
+static HINSTANCE USER32_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *InitializeTouchInjection_t)(UINT32, DWORD);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *InjectTouchInput_t)(UINT32, POINTER_TOUCH_INFO*);
+static InitializeTouchInjection_t pInitializeTouchInjection = nullptr;
+static InjectTouchInput_t pInjectTouchInput = nullptr;
+#endif
+
+namespace poke {
+
+    static std::thread *THREAD = nullptr;
+    static bool THREAD_RUNNING = false;
+
+    struct KeypadMapping {
+        char character;
+        uint16_t state;
+    };
+
+    static KeypadMapping KEYPAD_MAPPINGS[] = {
+        { '0', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0 },
+        { '1', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1 },
+        { '2', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2 },
+        { '3', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3 },
+        { '4', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4 },
+        { '5', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5 },
+        { '6', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6 },
+        { '7', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7 },
+        { '8', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8 },
+        { '9', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9 },
+        { 'A', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00 },
+
+        // Touch panel keypad does not have the decimal key.
+        // This will be used for toggling the keypad instead
+        { 'D', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL },
+    };
+
+    const int IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE = 90;
+    const int IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP = 15;
+    const int IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP = 570;
+    const int IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P = 90;
+    const int IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P = 1530;
+
+    // <KeypadID>/<Key> mapped to 1080p coordinate space
+    static const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> IIDX_KEYPAD_POSITION_X {
+        {"0/0", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"0/1", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"0/2", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"0/3", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2)},
+        {"0/4", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"0/5", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"0/6", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2)},
+        {"0/7", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"0/8", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"0/9", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2)},
+        {"0/A", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_1P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"0/D", 60},
+        {"1/0", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"1/1", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"1/2", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"1/3", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2)},
+        {"1/4", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"1/5", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"1/6", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2)},
+        {"1/7", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"1/8", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"1/9", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2)},
+        {"1/A", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_LEFT_2P + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5 + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP)},
+        {"1/D", 1920 - 60},
+    };
+
+    static const std::unordered_map<std::string, int> IIDX_KEYPAD_POSITION_Y {
+        {"0/0", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 3 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 3.5)},
+        {"0/1", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5)},
+        {"0/2", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5)},
+        {"0/3", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5)},
+        {"0/4", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5)},
+        {"0/5", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5)},
+        {"0/6", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5)},
+        {"0/7", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"0/8", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"0/9", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"0/A", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 3 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 3.5)},
+        {"0/D", 50},
+        {"1/0", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 3 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 3.5)},
+        {"1/1", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5)},
+        {"1/2", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5)},
+        {"1/3", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 2 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 2.5)},
+        {"1/4", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5)},
+        {"1/5", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5)},
+        {"1/6", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 1.5)},
+        {"1/7", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"1/8", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"1/9", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 0.5)},
+        {"1/A", (int)(IIDX_KEYPAD_TOP + IIDX_KEYPAD_GAP * 3 + IIDX_KEYPAD_BUTTON_SIZE * 3.5)},
+        {"1/D", 50},
+    };
+
+#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
+    void initialize_native_touch_library() {
+        if (USER32_INSTANCE == nullptr) {
+            USER32_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library("user32.dll");
+        }
+
+        pInitializeTouchInjection = libutils::try_proc<InitializeTouchInjection_t>(
+                USER32_INSTANCE, "InitializeTouchInjection");
+        pInjectTouchInput = libutils::try_proc<InjectTouchInput_t>(
+                USER32_INSTANCE, "InjectTouchInput");
+    }
+
+    void emulate_native_touch(TouchPoint tp, bool is_down) {
+        if (pInjectTouchInput == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        POINTER_TOUCH_INFO contact;
+        BOOL bRet = TRUE;
+        const int contact_offset = 2;
+
+        memset(&contact, 0, sizeof(POINTER_TOUCH_INFO));
+
+        contact.pointerInfo.pointerType = PT_TOUCH;
+        contact.pointerInfo.pointerId = 0;
+        contact.pointerInfo.ptPixelLocation.x = tp.x;
+        contact.pointerInfo.ptPixelLocation.y = tp.y;
+        if (is_down) {
+            contact.pointerInfo.pointerFlags = POINTER_FLAG_DOWN | POINTER_FLAG_INRANGE | POINTER_FLAG_INCONTACT;
+        } else {
+            contact.pointerInfo.pointerFlags = POINTER_FLAG_UP;
+        }
+
+        contact.pointerInfo.dwTime = 0;
+        contact.pointerInfo.PerformanceCount = 0;
+
+        contact.touchFlags = TOUCH_FLAG_NONE;
+        contact.touchMask = TOUCH_MASK_CONTACTAREA | TOUCH_MASK_ORIENTATION | TOUCH_MASK_PRESSURE;
+        contact.orientation = 0;
+        contact.pressure = 1024;
+
+        contact.rcContact.top = tp.y - contact_offset;
+        contact.rcContact.bottom = tp.y + contact_offset;
+        contact.rcContact.left = tp.x - contact_offset;
+        contact.rcContact.right = tp.x + contact_offset;
+
+        bRet = InjectTouchInput(1, &contact);
+        if (!bRet) {
+            log_warning("poke", "error injecting native touch {}: ({}, {}) error: {}", is_down ? "down" : "up", tp.x, tp.y, GetLastError());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void emulate_native_touch_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
+        int i = 0;
+        for (auto &touch : *touch_points) {
+            emulate_native_touch(touch, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void clear_native_touch_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
+        for (auto &touch : *touch_points) {
+            emulate_native_touch(touch, false);
+        }
+        touch_points->clear();
+    }
+#endif
+    
+    void clear_touch_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
+        std::vector<DWORD> touch_ids;
+        for (auto &touch : *touch_points) {
+            touch_ids.emplace_back(touch.id);
+        }
+        touch_remove_points(&touch_ids);
+        touch_points->clear();
+    }
+
+    void enable() {
+
+        // check if already running
+        if (THREAD)
+            return;
+
+        // create new thread
+        THREAD_RUNNING = true;
+        THREAD = new std::thread([] {
+
+            // log
+            log_info("poke", "enabled");
+
+
+            std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+            std::vector<uint16_t> last_keypad_state = {0, 0};
+
+#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
+            bool use_native = games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH;
+
+            if (use_native) {
+                initialize_native_touch_library();
+                
+                if (pInitializeTouchInjection != nullptr) {
+                    pInitializeTouchInjection(1, TOUCH_FEEDBACK_NONE);
+                }
+            }
+
+#else 
+            bool use_native = false;
+#endif
+
+            // set variable to false to stop
+            while (THREAD_RUNNING) {
+
+                // clean up touch from last frame
+                if (touch_points.size() > 0) {
+#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
+                    if (use_native) {
+                        clear_native_touch_points(&touch_points);
+                    } else {
+                        clear_touch_points(&touch_points);
+                    }
+#else
+                    clear_touch_points(&touch_points);
+#endif
+                }
+
+                for (int unit = 0; unit < 2; unit++) {
+                    // get keypad state
+                    auto state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(unit);
+
+                    if (state != 0) {
+                        // add keys
+                        for (auto &mapping : KEYPAD_MAPPINGS) {
+                            if (state & mapping.state) {
+                                if (last_keypad_state[unit] & mapping.state) {
+                                    // log_warning("poke", "ignoring hold {} {}", unit, mapping.character);
+                                    continue;
+                                }
+                                std::string handle = fmt::format("{0}/{1}", unit, mapping.character);
+
+                                auto x_iter = IIDX_KEYPAD_POSITION_X.find(handle);
+                                auto y_iter = IIDX_KEYPAD_POSITION_Y.find(handle);
+
+                                if (x_iter != IIDX_KEYPAD_POSITION_X.end() && y_iter != IIDX_KEYPAD_POSITION_Y.end()) {
+                                    DWORD touch_id = (DWORD)(0xFFFFFF * unit + mapping.character);
+
+                                    float x = x_iter->second / 1920.0;
+                                    float y = y_iter->second / 1080.0;
+                                    if (use_native) {
+                                        x *= rawinput::TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_X;
+                                        y *= rawinput::TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_Y;
+                                    } else if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+                                        // Scale to windowed subscreen
+                                        x *= GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_WIDTH;
+                                        y *= GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_HEIGHT;
+                                    } else if (GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_FULLSIZE || !overlay::OVERLAY->get_active()) {
+                                        // Overlay is not present, scale to main screen
+                                        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                                            x *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH;
+                                            y *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT;
+                                        } else {
+                                            x *= ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x;
+                                            y *= ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y;
+                                        }
+                                    } else {
+                                        // Overlay subscreen
+                                        x = (GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_X + x * GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_WIDTH);
+                                        y = (GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_Y + y * GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_HEIGHT);
+
+                                        // Scale to window size ratio
+                                        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                                            x *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH / ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x;
+                                            y *= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT / ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    TouchPoint tp {
+                                        .id = touch_id,
+                                        .x = (LONG)x,
+                                        .y = (LONG)y,
+                                        .mouse = true,
+                                    };
+                                    touch_points.emplace_back(tp);
+                                    // log_warning("poke", "coords: {} {}", to_string(tp.x), to_string(tp.y));
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } // for all keys
+                    } // if state != 0
+
+                    last_keypad_state[unit] = state;
+
+                } // for all units
+
+                if (touch_points.size() > 0) {
+#if POKE_NATIVE_TOUCH
+                    if (use_native) {
+                        emulate_native_touch_points(&touch_points);
+                    } else {
+                        touch_write_points(&touch_points);
+                    }
+#else
+                    touch_write_points(&touch_points);
+#endif
+                }
+
+                // slow down
+                Sleep(50);
+            }
+
+            return nullptr;
+        });
+    }
+
+    void disable() {
+        if (!THREAD) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // stop old thread
+        THREAD_RUNNING = false;
+        THREAD->join();
+
+        // delete thread
+        delete THREAD;
+        THREAD = nullptr;
+
+        // log
+        log_info("poke", "disabled");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/iidx/poke.h b/games/iidx/poke.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9d4040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/iidx/poke.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace poke {
+    void enable();
+    void disable();
+}
diff --git a/games/io.cpp b/games/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36a7330
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+#include <external/robin_hood.h>
+
+#include "bbc/io.h"
+#include "bs/io.h"
+#include "ddr/io.h"
+#include "dea/io.h"
+#include "drs/io.h"
+#include "ftt/io.h"
+#include "gitadora/io.h"
+#include "hpm/io.h"
+#include "iidx/io.h"
+#include "jb/io.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "loveplus/io.h"
+#include "mfc/io.h"
+#include "mga/io.h"
+#include "museca/io.h"
+#include "nost/io.h"
+#include "otoca/io.h"
+#include "popn/io.h"
+#include "qma/io.h"
+#include "rb/io.h"
+#include "rf3d/io.h"
+#include "sc/io.h"
+#include "scotto/io.h"
+#include "sdvx/io.h"
+#include "shogikai/io.h"
+#include "silentscope/io.h"
+#include "we/io.h"
+#include "pcm/io.h"
+#include "onpara/io.h"
+#include "bc/io.h"
+#include "ccj/io.h"
+#include "qks/io.h"
+
+namespace games {
+
+    // state
+    static bool IO_INITIALIZED = false;
+    static std::vector<std::string> games;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Button> &> buttons;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Button>> buttons_keypads;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Button>> buttons_overlay;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Analog> &> analogs;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Light> &> lights;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<Option>> options;
+    static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> file_hints;
+
+    static void initialize() {
+
+        // check if already done
+        if (IO_INITIALIZED) {
+            return;
+        }
+        IO_INITIALIZED = true;
+
+        // bbc
+        const std::string bbc("Bishi Bashi Channel");
+        games.push_back(bbc);
+        buttons.insert({ bbc, bbc::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ bbc, bbc::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ bbc, bbc::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[bbc].emplace_back("bsch.dll");
+
+        // hpm
+        const std::string hpm("HELLO! Pop'n Music");
+        games.push_back(hpm);
+        buttons.insert({ hpm, hpm::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ hpm, hpm::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[hpm].emplace_back("popn.dll");
+
+        // bs
+        const std::string bs("Beatstream");
+        games.push_back(bs);
+        buttons.insert({ bs, bs::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ bs, bs::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[bs].emplace_back("beatstream.dll");
+        file_hints[bs].emplace_back("beatstream1.dll");
+        file_hints[bs].emplace_back("beatstream2.dll");
+
+        // ddr
+        const std::string ddr("Dance Dance Revolution");
+        games.push_back(ddr);
+        buttons.insert({ ddr, ddr::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ ddr, ddr::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[ddr].emplace_back("ddr.dll");
+        file_hints[ddr].emplace_back("mdxja_945.dll");
+        file_hints[ddr].emplace_back("arkmdxp3.dll");
+
+        // dea
+        const std::string dea("Dance Evolution");
+        games.push_back(dea);
+        buttons.insert({ dea, dea::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ dea, dea::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[dea].emplace_back("arkkdm.dll");
+
+        // gitadora
+        const std::string gitadora("GitaDora");
+        games.push_back(gitadora);
+        buttons.insert({ gitadora, gitadora::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ gitadora, gitadora::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ gitadora, gitadora::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[gitadora].emplace_back("gdxg.dll");
+
+        // iidx
+        const std::string iidx("Beatmania IIDX");
+        games.push_back(iidx);
+        buttons.insert({ iidx, iidx::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ iidx, iidx::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ iidx, iidx::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[iidx].emplace_back("bm2dx.dll");
+
+        // jb
+        const std::string jb("Jubeat");
+        games.push_back(jb);
+        buttons.insert({ jb, jb::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ jb, jb::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[jb].emplace_back("jubeat.dll");
+
+        // mga
+        const std::string mga("Metal Gear");
+        games.push_back(mga);
+        buttons.insert({ mga, mga::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ mga, mga::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ mga, mga::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[mga].emplace_back("launch.dll");
+
+        // museca
+        const std::string museca("Museca");
+        games.push_back(museca);
+        buttons.insert({ museca, museca::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ museca, museca::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ museca, museca::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[museca].emplace_back("museca.dll");
+
+        // nost
+        const std::string nost("Nostalgia");
+        games.push_back(nost);
+        buttons.insert({ nost, nost::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ nost, nost::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ nost, nost::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[nost].emplace_back("nostalgia.dll");
+
+        // popn
+        const std::string popn("Pop'n Music");
+        games.push_back(popn);
+        buttons.insert({ popn, popn::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ popn, popn::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[popn].emplace_back("popn19.dll");
+        file_hints[popn].emplace_back("popn20.dll");
+        file_hints[popn].emplace_back("popn21.dll");
+        file_hints[popn].emplace_back("popn22.dll");
+        file_hints[popn].emplace_back("popn23.dll");
+        file_hints[popn].emplace_back("popn24.dll");
+        file_hints[popn].emplace_back("popn25.dll");
+
+        // qma
+        const std::string qma("Quiz Magic Academy");
+        games.push_back(qma);
+        buttons.insert({ qma, qma::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ qma, qma::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[qma].emplace_back("client.dll");
+
+        // rb
+        const std::string rb("Reflec Beat");
+        games.push_back(rb);
+        buttons.insert({ rb, rb::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ rb, rb::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[rb].emplace_back("reflecbeat.dll");
+
+        // shogikai
+        std::string shogikai("Tenkaichi Shogikai");
+        games.push_back(shogikai);
+        buttons.insert({ shogikai, shogikai::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ shogikai, shogikai::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[shogikai].emplace_back("shogi_engine.dll");
+
+        // rf3d
+        const std::string rf3d("Road Fighters 3D");
+        games.push_back(rf3d);
+        buttons.insert({ rf3d, rf3d::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ rf3d, rf3d::get_analogs() });
+        file_hints[rf3d].emplace_back("jgt.dll");
+
+        // sc
+        const std::string sc("Steel Chronicle");
+        games.push_back(sc);
+        buttons.insert({ sc, sc::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ sc, sc::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ sc, sc::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[sc].emplace_back("gamekgg.dll");
+
+        // sdvx
+        const std::string sdvx("Sound Voltex");
+        games.push_back(sdvx);
+        buttons.insert({ sdvx, sdvx::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ sdvx, sdvx::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ sdvx, sdvx::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[sdvx].emplace_back("soundvoltex.dll");
+
+        // mfc
+        const std::string mfc("Mahjong Fight Club");
+        games.push_back(mfc);
+        buttons.insert({ mfc, mfc::get_buttons() });
+        file_hints[mfc].emplace_back("allinone.dll");
+
+        // ftt
+        const std::string ftt("FutureTomTom");
+        games.push_back(ftt);
+        buttons.insert({ ftt, ftt::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ ftt, ftt::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ ftt, ftt::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[ftt].emplace_back("arkmmd.dll");
+
+        // loveplus
+        const std::string loveplus("LovePlus");
+        games.push_back(loveplus);
+        buttons.insert({ loveplus, loveplus::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ loveplus, loveplus::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[loveplus].emplace_back("arkklp.dll");
+
+        // scotto
+        const std::string scotto("Scotto");
+        games.push_back(scotto);
+        buttons.insert({ scotto, scotto::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ scotto, scotto::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[scotto].emplace_back("scotto.dll");
+
+        // drs
+        const std::string drs("DANCERUSH");
+        games.push_back(drs);
+        buttons.insert({ drs, drs::get_buttons() });
+        lights.insert({ drs, drs::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[drs].emplace_back("superstep.dll");
+
+        // otoca
+        const std::string otoca("Otoca D'or");
+        games.push_back(otoca);
+        buttons.insert({ otoca, otoca::get_buttons() });
+        file_hints[otoca].emplace_back("arkkep.dll");
+
+        // winning eleven
+        const std::string we("Winning Eleven");
+        games.push_back(we);
+        buttons.insert({ we, we::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ we, we::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ we, we::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[we].emplace_back("weac12_bootstrap_release.dll");
+        file_hints[we].emplace_back("arknck.dll");
+
+        // silent scope: bone eater
+        const std::string silentscope("Silent Scope: Bone Eater");
+        games.push_back(silentscope);
+        buttons.insert({ silentscope, silentscope::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ silentscope, silentscope::get_analogs() });
+        file_hints[silentscope].emplace_back("arkndd.dll");
+
+        // charge machine
+        const std::string pcm("Charge Machine");
+        games.push_back(pcm);
+        buttons.insert({ pcm, pcm::get_buttons() });
+        file_hints[pcm].emplace_back("launch.dll");
+
+        // ongaku paradise
+        const std::string op("Ongaku Paradise");
+        games.push_back(op);
+        buttons.insert({ op, onpara::get_buttons() });
+        file_hints[op].emplace_back("arkjc9.dll");
+
+        // bc
+        const std::string bc("Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor");
+        games.push_back(bc);
+        buttons.insert({ bc, bc::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ bc, bc::get_analogs() });
+        file_hints[bc].emplace_back("game/bsac_app.exe");
+
+        // ccj
+        const std::string ccj("Chase Chase Jokers");
+        games.push_back(ccj);
+        buttons.insert({ ccj, ccj::get_buttons() });
+        analogs.insert({ ccj, ccj::get_analogs() });
+        lights.insert({ ccj, ccj::get_lights() });
+        file_hints[ccj].emplace_back("game/chaseproject.exe");
+
+        // QuizKnock STADIUM
+        const std::string qks("QuizKnock STADIUM");
+        games.push_back(qks);
+        buttons.insert({ qks, qks::get_buttons() });
+        file_hints[qks].emplace_back("game/uks.exe");
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string> &get_games() {
+        initialize();
+
+        return games;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+        auto it = buttons.find(game);
+        if (it == buttons.end()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+
+    static std::vector<Button> gen_buttons_keypads(const std::string &game) {
+        auto buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons(game);
+        std::vector<std::string> names;
+        std::vector<unsigned short> vkey_defaults;
+
+        // loop for 2 keypad units, only setting defaults for keypad 1
+        for (size_t unit = 0; unit < 2; unit++) {
+            std::string prefix = unit == 0 ? "P1 Keypad " : "P2 Keypad ";
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "0");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD0 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "1");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD1 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "2");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD2 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "3");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD3 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "4");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD4 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "5");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD5 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "6");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD6 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "7");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD7 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "8");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD8 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "9");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_NUMPAD9 : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "00");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_RETURN : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "Decimal");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_DECIMAL : 0xFF);
+
+            names.emplace_back(prefix + "Insert Card");
+            vkey_defaults.push_back(unit == 0 ? VK_ADD : 0xFF);
+        }
+
+        // return sorted buttons
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(buttons, names, &vkey_defaults);
+        return buttons;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons_keypads(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+        auto it = buttons_keypads.find(game);
+        if (it == buttons_keypads.end()) {
+            if (game.empty()) {
+                return nullptr;
+            } else {
+                buttons_keypads[game] = gen_buttons_keypads(game);
+                return &buttons_keypads[game];
+            }
+        }
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+
+    static std::vector<Button> gen_buttons_overlay(const std::string &game) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons(game);
+        std::vector<std::string> names;
+        std::vector<unsigned short> vkey_defaults;
+
+        // overlay button definitions
+        names.emplace_back("Screenshot");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_SNAPSHOT);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Sub Screen");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_PRIOR);
+        names.emplace_back("Insert Coin");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F1);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle IO Panel");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F2);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Config");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F4);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Virtual Keypad P1");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F5);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Virtual Keypad P2");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F6);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Card Manager");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F7);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Log");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F8);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Control");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F9);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Patch Manager");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F10);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Screen Resize");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F11);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Overlay");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(VK_F12);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle VR Control");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Toggle Camera Control");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Screen Resize");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Force Exit Game");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Navigator Activate");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Navigator Cancel");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Navigator Up");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Navigator Down");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Navigator Left");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Navigator Right");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Hotkey Enable 1");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Hotkey Enable 2");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+        names.emplace_back("Hotkey Toggle");
+        vkey_defaults.push_back(0xFF);
+
+        // return sorted buttons
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(buttons, names, &vkey_defaults);
+        return buttons;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons_overlay(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+        auto it = buttons_overlay.find(game);
+        if (it == buttons_overlay.end()) {
+            if (game.empty()) {
+                return nullptr;
+            } else {
+                buttons_overlay[game] = gen_buttons_overlay(game);
+                return &buttons_overlay[game];
+            }
+        }
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Analog> *get_analogs(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+        auto it = analogs.find(game);
+        if (it == analogs.end()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Light> *get_lights(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+        auto it = lights.find(game);
+        if (it == lights.end()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+
+    static std::vector<Option> gen_options(const std::string &game) {
+
+        // get options
+        auto options = GameAPI::Options::getOptions(game);
+
+        // sort options
+        GameAPI::Options::sortOptions(options, launcher::get_option_definitions());
+
+        // merge options
+        auto merged = launcher::merge_options(options, *LAUNCHER_OPTIONS);
+
+        // return result
+        return merged;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Option> *get_options(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+
+        if (game.empty()) {
+            return LAUNCHER_OPTIONS.get();
+        }
+
+        auto it = options.find(game);
+        if (it == options.end()) {
+            options[game] = gen_options(game);
+            return &options[game];
+        }
+
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::string> *get_game_file_hints(const std::string &game) {
+        initialize();
+        auto it = file_hints.find(game);
+        if (it == file_hints.end()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return &it->second;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/io.h b/games/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54f4a57
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games {
+
+    namespace OverlayButtons {
+        enum {
+            Screenshot,
+            ToggleSubScreen,
+            InsertCoin,
+            ToggleIOPanel,
+            ToggleConfig,
+            ToggleVirtualKeypadP1,
+            ToggleVirtualKeypadP2,
+            ToggleCardManager,
+            ToggleLog,
+            ToggleControl,
+            TogglePatchManager,
+            ToggleScreenResize,
+            ToggleOverlay,
+            ToggleVRControl,
+            ToggleCameraControl,
+            ScreenResize,
+            SuperExit,
+            NavigatorActivate,
+            NavigatorCancel,
+            NavigatorUp,
+            NavigatorDown,
+            NavigatorLeft,
+            NavigatorRight,
+            HotkeyEnable1,
+            HotkeyEnable2,
+            HotkeyToggle,
+        };
+    }
+
+    namespace KeypadButtons {
+        enum {
+            Keypad0,
+            Keypad1,
+            Keypad2,
+            Keypad3,
+            Keypad4,
+            Keypad5,
+            Keypad6,
+            Keypad7,
+            Keypad8,
+            Keypad9,
+            Keypad00,
+            KeypadDecimal,
+            InsertCard,
+            Size,
+        };
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string> &get_games();
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons_keypads(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Button> *get_buttons_overlay(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Analog> *get_analogs(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Light> *get_lights(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<Option> *get_options(const std::string &game);
+    std::vector<std::string> *get_game_file_hints(const std::string &game);
+}
diff --git a/games/jb/io.cpp b/games/jb/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c76a0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/jb/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::jb::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Jubeat");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Button 1",
+                "Button 2",
+                "Button 3",
+                "Button 4",
+                "Button 5",
+                "Button 6",
+                "Button 7",
+                "Button 8",
+                "Button 9",
+                "Button 10",
+                "Button 11",
+                "Button 12",
+                "Button 13",
+                "Button 14",
+                "Button 15",
+                "Button 16"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::jb::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Jubeat");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+            &lights,
+            "Panel Front R",
+            "Panel Front G",
+            "Panel Front B",
+            "Panel Title R",
+            "Panel Title G",
+            "Panel Title B",
+            "Panel Top R",
+            "Panel Top G",
+            "Panel Top B",
+            "Panel Left R",
+            "Panel Left G",
+            "Panel Left B",
+            "Panel Right R",
+            "Panel Right G",
+            "Panel Right B",
+            "Panel Woofer R",
+            "Panel Woofer G",
+            "Panel Woofer B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/jb/io.h b/games/jb/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c85d5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/jb/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::jb {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Button1,
+            Button2,
+            Button3,
+            Button4,
+            Button5,
+            Button6,
+            Button7,
+            Button8,
+            Button9,
+            Button10,
+            Button11,
+            Button12,
+            Button13,
+            Button14,
+            Button15,
+            Button16,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            PANEL_FRONT_R,
+            PANEL_FRONT_G,
+            PANEL_FRONT_B,
+            PANEL_TITLE_R,
+            PANEL_TITLE_G,
+            PANEL_TITLE_B,
+            PANEL_TOP_R,
+            PANEL_TOP_G,
+            PANEL_TOP_B,
+            PANEL_LEFT_R,
+            PANEL_LEFT_G,
+            PANEL_LEFT_B,
+            PANEL_RIGHT_R,
+            PANEL_RIGHT_G,
+            PANEL_RIGHT_B,
+            PANEL_WOOFER_R,
+            PANEL_WOOFER_G,
+            PANEL_WOOFER_B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/jb/jb.cpp b/games/jb/jb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2432652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/jb/jb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#include "jb.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+
+#define JB_BUTTON_SIZE 160
+#define JB_BUTTON_GAP 37
+#define JB_BUTTON_HITBOX (JB_BUTTON_SIZE + JB_BUTTON_GAP)
+
+namespace games::jb {
+
+    // touch stuff
+    bool TOUCH_LEGACY_BOX = false;
+    static bool TOUCH_ENABLE = false;
+    static bool TOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
+    static bool IS_PORTRAIT = true;
+    static std::vector<TouchPoint> TOUCH_POINTS;
+    bool TOUCH_STATE[16];
+
+    void touch_update() {
+
+        // check if touch enabled
+        if (!TOUCH_ENABLE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // attach touch module
+        if (!TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+
+            /*
+             * Find the game window.
+             * We check the foreground window first, then fall back to searching for the window title
+             * All game versions seem to have their model first in the window title
+             */
+            HWND wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), avs::game::MODEL)) {
+                wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(avs::game::MODEL);
+            }
+
+            // check if we have a window handle
+            if (!wnd) {
+                log_warning("jubeat", "could not find window handle for touch");
+                TOUCH_ENABLE = false;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // attach touch hook
+            log_info("jubeat", "using window handle for touch: {}", fmt::ptr(wnd));
+            touch_create_wnd(wnd, true);
+
+            // show cursor
+            if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+                ShowCursor(TRUE);
+            }
+
+            // earlier games use a different screen orientation
+            if (!avs::game::is_model("L44")) {
+                IS_PORTRAIT = false;
+            }
+
+            // set attached
+            TOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+        }
+
+        // reset touch state
+        memset(TOUCH_STATE, 0, sizeof(TOUCH_STATE));
+
+        // check touch points
+        // note that the IO code in device.cpp will correctly compensate for orientation, depending on the model.
+        TOUCH_POINTS.clear();
+        touch_get_points(TOUCH_POINTS);
+        if (TOUCH_LEGACY_BOX) {
+            auto offset = IS_PORTRAIT ? 580 : 0;
+            for (auto &tp : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+
+                // get grid coordinates
+                int x = tp.x * 4 / 768;
+                int y = (tp.y - offset) * 4 / (1360 - 580);
+
+                // set the corresponding state
+                int index = y * 4 + x;
+                if (index >= 0 && index < 16) {
+                    TOUCH_STATE[index] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (auto &tp : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+                int x_relative = tp.x;
+                int y_relative = tp.y;
+
+                // x_relative and y_relative are relative to the top-left pixel of the first button
+                if (IS_PORTRAIT) {
+                    // which is at (8, 602) in portrait:
+                    //   X: [8...759] (752 pixels wide)
+                    //   Y: [602...1353] (752 pixels high)
+                    x_relative -= 8;
+                    y_relative -= 602;
+                } else {
+                    // and at (8, 8) in landscape
+                    x_relative -= 8;
+                    y_relative -= 8;
+                }
+
+                if (x_relative < 0 || y_relative < 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // x_hitbox and y_hitbox is relative to top-left pixel of each button
+                int x_index = x_relative / JB_BUTTON_HITBOX;
+                int x_hitbox = x_relative % JB_BUTTON_HITBOX;
+                int y_index = y_relative / JB_BUTTON_HITBOX;
+                int y_hitbox = y_relative % JB_BUTTON_HITBOX;
+
+                // check if the gap was touched
+                if (x_hitbox > JB_BUTTON_SIZE || y_hitbox > JB_BUTTON_SIZE) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // set the corresponding state
+                int index = y_index * 4 + x_index;
+                if (0 <= index && index < 16) {
+                    TOUCH_STATE[index] = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * to fix "IP ADDR CHANGE" errors on boot and in-game when using weird network setups such as a VPN
+     */
+    static BOOL __stdcall network_addr_is_changed() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * to fix lag spikes when game tries to ping "eamuse.konami.fun" every few minutes
+     */
+    static BOOL __stdcall network_get_network_check_info() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * to fix network error on non DHCP interfaces
+     */
+    static BOOL __cdecl network_get_dhcp_result() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl GFDbgSetReportFunc(void *func) {
+        log_misc("jubeat", "GFDbgSetReportFunc hook hit");
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    JBGame::JBGame() : Game("Jubeat") {
+    }
+
+    void JBGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // enable touch
+        TOUCH_ENABLE = true;
+
+        // enable debug logging of gftools
+        HMODULE gftools = libutils::try_module("gftools.dll");
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) GFDbgSetReportFunc, libutils::try_proc(
+                gftools, "GFDbgSetReportFunc"));
+
+        // apply patches
+        HMODULE network = libutils::try_module("network.dll");
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) network_addr_is_changed, libutils::try_proc(
+                network, "network_addr_is_changed"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) network_get_network_check_info, libutils::try_proc(
+                network, "network_get_network_check_info"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) network_get_dhcp_result, libutils::try_proc(
+                network, "network_get_dhcp_result"));
+    }
+
+    void JBGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        // disable touch
+        TOUCH_ENABLE = false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/jb/jb.h b/games/jb/jb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bb4227
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/jb/jb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::jb {
+
+    // touch stuff
+    extern bool TOUCH_LEGACY_BOX;
+    extern bool TOUCH_STATE[16];
+    void touch_update();
+
+    class JBGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        JBGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/loveplus/io.cpp b/games/loveplus/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c42764a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/loveplus/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::loveplus::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("LovePlus");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Left",
+                "Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::loveplus::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("LovePlus");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Red",
+                "Green",
+                "Blue",
+                "Left",
+                "Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/loveplus/io.h b/games/loveplus/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2b96046
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/loveplus/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::loveplus {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Left,
+            Right,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            Red,
+            Green,
+            Blue,
+            Left,
+            Right,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/loveplus/loveplus.cpp b/games/loveplus/loveplus.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3e18878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/loveplus/loveplus.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+#include "loveplus.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace games::loveplus {
+
+    // touch stuff
+    static bool TOUCH_ENABLE = false;
+    static bool TOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
+
+    void touch_update() {
+
+        // check if touch enabled
+        if (!TOUCH_ENABLE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // attach touch module
+        if (!TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+
+            // Find the game window.
+            // We check the foreground window first, then fall back to searching for the window title
+            // All game versions seem to have their model first in the window title
+            HWND wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), "LovePlus")) {
+                wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(avs::game::MODEL);
+            }
+
+            // attach touch hook
+            if (wnd) {
+                log_info("loveplus", "using window handle for touch: {}", fmt::ptr(wnd));
+                touch_create_wnd(wnd);
+            } else {
+                log_info("loveplus", "falling back to the DirectX window handle for touch");
+                touch_attach_dx_hook();
+            }
+
+            // show cursor
+            if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+                ShowCursor(1);
+            }
+
+            // set attached
+            TOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl lib_touchpanel_init() {
+        touch_update();
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl lib_touchpanel_calibrate(int a1, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5, int a6, int a7, int a8) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // FIXME: test this calling convention change!
+    static int __cdecl lib_touchpanel_diagnostics(void *a1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl lib_touchpanel_get_touch(DWORD *a1) {
+        touch_update();
+
+        // get touch points
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_get_points(touch_points);
+
+        // check first touch point
+        if (!touch_points.empty()) {
+            auto &tp = touch_points[0];
+
+            a1[0] = tp.y;
+            a1[1] = tp.x;
+            a1[2] = 0;
+            a1[3] = 1;
+            a1[4] = 0;
+        } else {
+            a1[0] = 0;
+            a1[1] = 0;
+            a1[2] = 0;
+            a1[3] = 0;
+            a1[4] = 0;
+        }
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl lib_touchpanel_get_touch_direct(DWORD *a1) {
+        return lib_touchpanel_get_touch(a1);
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl lib_touchpanel_update() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl lib_touchpanel_term() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl lib_touchpanel_instance_term() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static BOOL __cdecl SetEqualizer(char *a1) {
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    static LPSTR __stdcall GetCommandLineA_hook() {
+        static std::string lp_args = "-win -noCamera -noWatchDog -noIOError -noIrda -notarget";
+
+        return lp_args.data();
+    }
+
+    LovePlusGame::LovePlusGame() : Game("LovePlus") {
+    }
+
+    void LovePlusGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // init stuff
+        devicehook_init();
+
+        // enable touch
+        TOUCH_ENABLE = true;
+
+        // touchpanel emulation
+        HMODULE lib_touchpanel = libutils::try_library("lib_touchpanel.dll");
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_init, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_init"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_calibrate, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_calibrate"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_diagnostics, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_diagnostics"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_get_touch, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_get_touch_direct"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_get_touch_direct, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_get_touch"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_update, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_update"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_term, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_term"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) lib_touchpanel_instance_term, libutils::try_proc(
+                  lib_touchpanel, "lib_touchpanel_instance_term"));
+
+        // equalizer crash fix
+        HMODULE seteq = libutils::try_library("ad_hd_seteq_dll.dll");
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) SetEqualizer, libutils::try_proc(seteq, "SetEqualizer"));
+
+        // get command line hook
+        HMODULE lpac = libutils::try_library("lpac.dll");
+        detour::iat("GetCommandLineA", GetCommandLineA_hook, lpac);
+    }
+
+    void LovePlusGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        // disable touch
+        TOUCH_ENABLE = false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/loveplus/loveplus.h b/games/loveplus/loveplus.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da6f44f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/loveplus/loveplus.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::loveplus {
+
+    // touch stuff
+    void touch_update();
+
+    class LovePlusGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        LovePlusGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/mfc/io.cpp b/games/mfc/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1166130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mfc/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::mfc::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Mahjong Fight Club");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Select",
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin",
+                "Joystick Up",
+                "Joystick Down",
+                "Joystick Enter"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
diff --git a/games/mfc/io.h b/games/mfc/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b14ca0d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mfc/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::mfc {
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Select,
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Coin,
+            JoystickUp,
+            JoystickDown,
+            JoystickStart,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+}
diff --git a/games/mfc/mfc.cpp b/games/mfc/mfc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf6e91c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mfc/mfc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,382 @@
+#include "mfc.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "io.h"
+
+namespace games::mfc {
+
+    // touch stuff
+    static int TOUCH_MAX_X = 1360;
+    static int TOUCH_MAX_Y = 768;
+    static bool TOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
+    static bool TOUCH_PRESENT = false;
+    static bool TOUCH_LAST_PRESENT = false;
+    static TouchPoint TOUCH_CURRENT {};
+    static TouchPoint TOUCH_LAST {};
+
+    // general i/o stuff
+    static struct joystick_state JOY_STATE {};
+    static struct joystick_state JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE {};
+
+    // ic card stuff
+    static bool CARD_IN = false;
+    static uint8_t CARD_TYPE = 0;
+    static uint8_t CARD_UID[8];
+
+    typedef int (__cdecl *inifile_param_num_t)(const char *, int *);
+    static inifile_param_num_t inifile_param_num_real;
+
+    static int __cdecl inifile_param_num_hook(const char *a1, int *a2) {
+        if (strcmp(a1, "WINDOWED") == 0) {
+            *a2 = GRAPHICS_WINDOWED ? 1 : 0;
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return inifile_param_num_real(a1, a2);
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl nic_dhcp_maybe_exist() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl touch_init(int width, int height) {
+        log_info("mfc", "call touch_init(width: {}, height: {})", width, height);
+
+        // attach touch module
+        if (!TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+
+            // store touch size specification
+            TOUCH_MAX_X = width;
+            TOUCH_MAX_Y = height;
+
+            // attach touch hook
+            touch_attach_dx_hook();
+
+            // show cursor
+            if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+                ShowCursor(TRUE);
+            }
+
+            // set attached
+            TOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl touch_step() {
+        if (TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+
+            // get touch points
+            std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+            touch_get_points(touch_points);
+
+            /*
+            log_info("MFC", "touch points: " + to_string(touch_points.size()));
+
+            for (TouchPoint tp : touch_points) {
+                log_info("MFC", "touch point (id: {}, x: {}, y: {})", tp.id, tp.x, tp.y);
+            }
+            */
+
+            TOUCH_LAST = TOUCH_CURRENT;
+            TOUCH_LAST_PRESENT = TOUCH_PRESENT;
+
+            if (!touch_points.empty()) {
+                auto &tp = touch_points[0];
+
+                TOUCH_CURRENT = tp;
+                TOUCH_PRESENT = true;
+            } else {
+                TOUCH_PRESENT = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl h8io_touch_getpos(int *pX, int *pY) {
+        if (!TOUCH_PRESENT) {
+
+            // false value means no touch present
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        *pX = TOUCH_CURRENT.x > TOUCH_MAX_X ? TOUCH_MAX_X : TOUCH_CURRENT.x;
+        *pY = TOUCH_CURRENT.y > TOUCH_MAX_Y ? TOUCH_MAX_Y : TOUCH_CURRENT.y;
+
+        // true value means touch present
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl h8io_touch_getpos_trig(int *pX, int *pY) {
+
+        // following the game logic, a trigger check bails early if there was a touch detected
+        // during the last frame
+        if (TOUCH_LAST_PRESENT) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return h8io_touch_getpos(pX, pY);
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl touch_get_raw_data(int *pX, int *pY) {
+        h8io_touch_getpos(pX, pY);
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl touch_get_raw_data_trig(int *pX, int *pY) {
+        return h8io_touch_getpos_trig(pX, pY);
+    }
+
+    static char __cdecl mfc5_begin_io_mng(int a1, int a2) {
+        log_info("mfc", "call mfc5_begin_io_mng");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_is_io_mng_ready() {
+        log_info("mfc", "call mfc5_is_io_mng_ready");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // the joystick state functions return the current state that is updated
+    // in `joystick_step` while ensuring to track the previous state to detect
+    // held buttons and newly pressed buttons
+
+    static void __cdecl joystick_step() {
+
+        // set last state
+        JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE = JOY_STATE;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        // set new state
+        JOY_STATE.up = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::JoystickUp));
+        JOY_STATE.down = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::JoystickDown));
+        JOY_STATE.start = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::JoystickStart));
+        JOY_STATE.service = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Service));
+        JOY_STATE.test = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Test));
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_up(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.up;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_up_on(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.up && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.up;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_up_rep(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.up && JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.up;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_down(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.down;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_down_on(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.down && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.down;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_down_rep(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.down && JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.down;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_start(int a1) {
+        static bool FIRST_CHECK = true;
+
+        // following the game logic, the first poll of the start button must
+        // be true for center mode
+        if (FIRST_CHECK) {
+            FIRST_CHECK = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return JOY_STATE.start;
+
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_start_on(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.start && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.start;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_start_rep(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.start && JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.start;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_service() {
+        return JOY_STATE.service;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_service_on() {
+        return JOY_STATE.service && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.service;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_test() {
+        return JOY_STATE.test;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_test_on() {
+        return JOY_STATE.test && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.test;
+    }
+
+    static void update_card() {
+        if (eamuse_card_insert_consume(1, 0)) {
+
+            if (!CARD_IN) {
+                CARD_IN = true;
+
+                eamuse_get_card(1, 0, CARD_UID);
+
+                CARD_TYPE = is_card_uid_felica(CARD_UID) ? 1 : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            CARD_IN = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_ic_card_read_init() {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_ic_card_read_init");
+
+        CARD_IN = false;
+        CARD_TYPE = 0;
+        memset(CARD_UID, 0, sizeof(CARD_UID));
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_ic_card_read_step() {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_ic_card_read_step");
+
+        update_card();
+
+        return CARD_IN ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_ic_card_status() {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_ic_card_status");
+
+        return CARD_IN ? 2 : 0;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type(uint8_t *a1) {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type(a1: {})", fmt::ptr(a1));
+
+        *a1 = CARD_TYPE;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mfc5_get_ic_card_id(uint8_t *a1) {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_get_ic_card_id(a1: {})", fmt::ptr(a1));
+
+        memcpy(a1, CARD_UID, 8);
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mouse_utl_step() {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    static HCURSOR WINAPI SetCursor_hook(HCURSOR hCursor) {
+        log_misc("mfc", "SetCursor hook hit");
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    MFCGame::MFCGame() : Game("Mahjong Fight Club") {
+    }
+
+    void MFCGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // NOTE:
+        //
+        // develop key binds
+        //   F2 SERVICE
+        //   S SERVICE
+        //   ENTER SELECT
+        //   ENTER ENTER (center)
+        //   ESC TEST
+        //   UP SELECT1 (center)
+        //   DOWN SELECT2 (center)
+
+        inifile_param_num_real = (inifile_param_num_t) detour::iat_try(
+                "?inifile_param_num@@YAHPBDPAH@Z", (void *) &inifile_param_num_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        auto allinone_module = libutils::try_module("allinone.dll");
+        auto system_module = libutils::try_module("system.dll");
+
+        // network fix
+        detour::iat_try("?nic_dhcp_maybe_exist@@YAEXZ", nic_dhcp_maybe_exist, system_module);
+
+        // touch i/o
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) h8io_touch_getpos, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?h8io_touch_getpos@@YAHPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) h8io_touch_getpos_trig, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?h8io_touch_getpos_trig@@YAHPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_get_raw_data, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?touch_get_raw_data@@YAXPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_get_raw_data_trig, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?touch_get_raw_data_trig@@YAHPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_init, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?touch_init@@YAXHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?touch_step@@YAXXZ"));
+
+        // general i/o
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_begin_io_mng, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?mfc5_begin_io_mng@@YAEHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_is_io_mng_ready, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?mfc5_is_io_mng_ready@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joystick_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joystick_step@@YAXXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_up, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_up@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_up_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_up_on@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_up_rep, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_up_rep@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_down, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_down@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_down_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_down_on@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_down_rep, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_down_rep@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_start, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_start@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_start_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_start_on@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_start_rep, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_start_rep@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_service, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_service@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_service_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_service_on@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_test, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_test@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_test_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?joy_test_on@@YAHXZ"));
+
+        // ic card
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_ic_card_read_init, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?mfc5_ic_card_read_init@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_ic_card_read_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?mfc5_ic_card_read_step@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_ic_card_status, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?mfc5_ic_card_status@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type@@YAXPAE@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_get_ic_card_id, libutils::try_proc(
+                allinone_module, "?mfc5_get_ic_card_id@@YAXQAE@Z"));
+
+        if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+            detour::iat_try("SetCursor", (void *) SetCursor_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+            detour::iat_try("SetCursor", (void *) SetCursor_hook, allinone_module);
+
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) mouse_utl_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                    allinone_module, "?mouse_utl_step@@YAXXZ"));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/mfc/mfc.h b/games/mfc/mfc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..941e18c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mfc/mfc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::mfc {
+
+    struct joystick_state {
+        bool up = false;
+        bool down = false;
+        bool start = false;
+        bool service = false;
+        bool test = false;
+    };
+
+    class MFCGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        MFCGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/mga/gunio.cpp b/games/mga/gunio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fe55a1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mga/gunio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+#include "gunio.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+bool games::mga::SpiceGearGunHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM1") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    log_info("metalgear", "Opened gun device on COM1");
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::mga::SpiceGearGunHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+
+    // minimum buffer size
+    if ((command == 0u) || nNumberOfBytesToRead < 2)
+        return 0;
+
+    // execute command
+    int bytes_read = 0;
+    switch (command) {
+        case 0x04: // get version
+
+            // write version
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = version;
+
+            break;
+        case 0x08: // get input state
+        {
+            // check buffer size
+            if (nNumberOfBytesToRead < 12)
+                return 0;
+
+            // get cursor position
+            POINT cursor_pos{};
+            GetCursorPos(&cursor_pos);
+
+            // get screen size
+            RECT screen_size{};
+            GetWindowRect(GetDesktopWindow(), &screen_size);
+            auto screen_width = (unsigned short) (screen_size.right - screen_size.left);
+            auto screen_height = (unsigned short) (screen_size.bottom - screen_size.top);
+
+            // calculate cursor position
+            p1_x = (unsigned short) (((cursor_pos.x * 1024) / screen_width) % 1024);
+            p1_y = (unsigned short) (1024 - (((cursor_pos.y * 1024) / screen_height) % 1024));
+
+            // gun P1
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x00;
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = HIBYTE(p1_x);
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = LOBYTE(p1_x);
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = HIBYTE(p1_y);
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = LOBYTE(p1_y);
+            bytes_read += 3;
+
+            // fill buffer
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x75;
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x75;
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x75;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case 0x0C: // not called in game - empty
+
+            // empty data
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x00;
+
+            break;
+        case 0x10: // get DIP switches
+
+            // clear bits
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read) = 0x00;
+
+            // set bits
+            if (frequency == 1)
+                *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read) |= 0x80;
+            if (frequency == 2)
+                *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read) |= 0x40;
+            if (frequency == 3)
+                *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read) |= 0x20;
+            if (frequency == 4)
+                *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read) |= 0x10;
+
+            break;
+        case 0x14: // frequency 1
+
+            // set frequency and return empty data
+            frequency = 1;
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x00;
+
+            break;
+        case 0x18: // frequency 2
+
+            // set frequency and return empty data
+            frequency = 2;
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x00;
+
+            break;
+        case 0x19: // frequency 3
+
+            // set frequency and return empty data
+            frequency = 3;
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x00;
+
+            break;
+        case 0x1A: // frequency 4
+
+            // set frequency and return empty data
+            frequency = 4;
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x00;
+
+            break;
+        case 0x1C: // led board check
+
+            // check buffer size
+            if (nNumberOfBytesToRead < 11)
+                return 0;
+
+            // set all bits
+            memset(lpBuffer, 0xFF, 10);
+            bytes_read += 10;
+
+            break;
+        default:
+            log_warning("metalgear", "unknown opcode: 0x{:02X}", command);
+            *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = 0x01;
+    }
+
+    // reset command
+    command = 0;
+
+    // calculate checksum
+    unsigned char checksum = 0xFF;
+    for (int i = 0; i < bytes_read; i++)
+        checksum -= *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + i);
+    *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer + bytes_read++) = checksum;
+
+    // return amount of bytes read
+    return bytes_read;
+}
+
+int games::mga::SpiceGearGunHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+
+    // save command
+    if (nNumberOfBytesToWrite > 0)
+        command = *((unsigned char *) lpBuffer);
+
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::mga::SpiceGearGunHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                                              LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::mga::SpiceGearGunHandle::close() {
+    log_info("metalgear", "Closed gun device on COM1");
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/mga/gunio.h b/games/mga/gunio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7e4df80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mga/gunio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::mga {
+
+    // Team FrontLine GUN IO
+    class SpiceGearGunHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+
+        unsigned char version = 62;
+        unsigned char command = 0x00;
+        unsigned short p1_x = 0;
+        unsigned short p1_y = 0;
+        int frequency = 1;
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/mga/io.cpp b/games/mga/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8a28e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mga/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::mga::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Metal Gear");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Start",
+                "Top",
+                "Front Top",
+                "Front Bottom",
+                "Side Left",
+                "Side Right",
+                "Side Lever",
+                "Trigger Button",
+                "Switch Button",
+                "Joy Forwards",
+                "Joy Backwards",
+                "Joy Left",
+                "Joy Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::mga::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Metal Gear");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Joy X",
+                "Joy Y"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::mga::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Metal Gear");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Start",
+                "Left R",
+                "Left G",
+                "Left B",
+                "Right R",
+                "Right G",
+                "Right B",
+                "Gun R",
+                "Gun G",
+                "Gun B",
+                "Gun Vibration"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/mga/io.h b/games/mga/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad3717f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mga/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::mga {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Start,
+            Top,
+            FrontTop,
+            FrontBottom,
+            SideLeft,
+            SideRight,
+            SideLever,
+            TriggerButton,
+            SwitchButton,
+            JoyForwards,
+            JoyBackwards,
+            JoyLeft,
+            JoyRight,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            JoyX,
+            JoyY,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            Start,
+            LeftR,
+            LeftG,
+            LeftB,
+            RightR,
+            RightG,
+            RightB,
+            GunR,
+            GunG,
+            GunB,
+            GunVibration,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/mga/mga.cpp b/games/mga/mga.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ff6434
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mga/mga.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "mga.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+
+#include "gunio.h"
+
+namespace games::mga {
+    void (__cdecl *ess_eventlog_request_error_orig)(const char *, unsigned int, int, int);
+
+    static int __cdecl log_change_level_hook(int level) {
+        log_misc("mga", "ignoring log_change_level({})", level);
+
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static uintptr_t __cdecl log_change_output_hook(uintptr_t target, uintptr_t a2) {
+        log_misc("mga", "ignoring log_change_output(0x{:x}, 0x{:x})", target, a2);
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl setvolume_hook(uint8_t volume) {
+        log_misc("mga", "ignoring setvolume {}", static_cast<int>(volume));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl ess_eventlog_request_error_hook(const char *a1, unsigned int a2, int a3, int a4) {
+        log_info("mga", "ess_eventlog_request_error({}, {}, {}, {})", a1, a2, a3, a4);
+
+        //ess_eventlog_request_error_orig(a1, a2, a3, a4);
+    }
+
+    MGAGame::MGAGame() : Game("Metal Gear Arcade") {
+    }
+
+    void MGAGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // load system.dll (along with the serial functions)
+        auto system = libutils::load_library("system.dll");
+
+        // add the gun
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(new SpiceGearGunHandle());
+
+        // fix ICCA
+        acio::ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE = true;
+
+        // ignore sound engine failure
+        if (!replace_pattern(
+                system,
+                "E8????????84C0750A68F4010000E8????????E8????????E8????????3BF3750433C0EB0C",
+                "??????????????????90909090909090909090????????????????????????????????????",
+                0, 0))
+        {
+            log_warning("mga", "failed to patch sound engine");
+        }
+
+        // hook setvolume
+        if (!detour::iat_try("?setvolume@@YAHPAD@Z", setvolume_hook)) {
+            log_warning("mga", "setvolume hook failed");
+        }
+
+        // stop the game from redirecting AVS log calls
+        detour::iat_try("log_change_level", log_change_level_hook);
+        detour::iat_try("log_change_output", log_change_output_hook);
+
+        ess_eventlog_request_error_orig = detour::iat_try("ess_eventlog_request_error", ess_eventlog_request_error_hook);
+    }
+
+    void MGAGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        devicehook_dispose();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/mga/mga.h b/games/mga/mga.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3d3066c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/mga/mga.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::mga {
+
+    class MGAGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        MGAGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/museca/io.cpp b/games/museca/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bc68d33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/museca/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::museca::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Museca");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Start",
+                "Disk1-",
+                "Disk1+",
+                "Disk1 Press",
+                "Disk2-",
+                "Disk2+",
+                "Disk2 Press",
+                "Disk3-",
+                "Disk3+",
+                "Disk3 Press",
+                "Disk4-",
+                "Disk4+",
+                "Disk4 Press",
+                "Disk5-",
+                "Disk5+",
+                "Disk5 Press",
+                "Foot Pedal",
+                "Analog Slowdown"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::museca::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Museca");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Disk1",
+                "Disk2",
+                "Disk3",
+                "Disk4",
+                "Disk5"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::museca::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Museca");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Title R",
+                "Title G",
+                "Title B",
+                "Side R",
+                "Side G",
+                "Side B",
+                "Spinner1 R",
+                "Spinner1 G",
+                "Spinner1 B",
+                "Spinner2 R",
+                "Spinner2 G",
+                "Spinner2 B",
+                "Spinner3 R",
+                "Spinner3 G",
+                "Spinner3 B",
+                "Spinner4 R",
+                "Spinner4 G",
+                "Spinner4 B",
+                "Spinner5 R",
+                "Spinner5 G",
+                "Spinner5 B",
+                "Under-LED1 R",
+                "Under-LED1 G",
+                "Under-LED1 B",
+                "Under-LED2 R",
+                "Under-LED2 G",
+                "Under-LED2 B",
+                "Under-LED3 R",
+                "Under-LED3 G",
+                "Under-LED3 B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/museca/io.h b/games/museca/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f01196
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/museca/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::museca {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Start,
+            Disk1Minus,
+            Disk1Plus,
+            Disk1Press,
+            Disk2Minus,
+            Disk2Plus,
+            Disk2Press,
+            Disk3Minus,
+            Disk3Plus,
+            Disk3Press,
+            Disk4Minus,
+            Disk4Plus,
+            Disk4Press,
+            Disk5Minus,
+            Disk5Plus,
+            Disk5Press,
+            FootPedal,
+            AnalogSlowdown
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            Disk1,
+            Disk2,
+            Disk3,
+            Disk4,
+            Disk5
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            TitleR,
+            TitleG,
+            TitleB,
+            SideR,
+            SideG,
+            SideB,
+            Spinner1R,
+            Spinner1G,
+            Spinner1B,
+            Spinner2R,
+            Spinner2G,
+            Spinner2B,
+            Spinner3R,
+            Spinner3G,
+            Spinner3B,
+            Spinner4R,
+            Spinner4G,
+            Spinner4B,
+            Spinner5R,
+            Spinner5G,
+            Spinner5B,
+            UnderLED1R,
+            UnderLED1G,
+            UnderLED1B,
+            UnderLED2R,
+            UnderLED2G,
+            UnderLED2B,
+            UnderLED3R,
+            UnderLED3G,
+            UnderLED3B
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/museca/museca.cpp b/games/museca/museca.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d850cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/museca/museca.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#include "museca.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::museca {
+
+    MusecaGame::MusecaGame() : Game("Museca") {
+    }
+
+    void MusecaGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(new games::shared::LCDHandle());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/museca/museca.h b/games/museca/museca.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7897db0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/museca/museca.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::museca {
+
+    class MusecaGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        MusecaGame();
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/nost/io.cpp b/games/nost/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d22f5f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/nost/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::nost::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Nostalgia");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Key 1",
+                "Key 2",
+                "Key 3",
+                "Key 4",
+                "Key 5",
+                "Key 6",
+                "Key 7",
+                "Key 8",
+                "Key 9",
+                "Key 10",
+                "Key 11",
+                "Key 12",
+                "Key 13",
+                "Key 14",
+                "Key 15",
+                "Key 16",
+                "Key 17",
+                "Key 18",
+                "Key 19",
+                "Key 20",
+                "Key 21",
+                "Key 22",
+                "Key 23",
+                "Key 24",
+                "Key 25",
+                "Key 26",
+                "Key 27",
+                "Key 28"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::nost::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Nostalgia");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Key 1",
+                "Key 2",
+                "Key 3",
+                "Key 4",
+                "Key 5",
+                "Key 6",
+                "Key 7",
+                "Key 8",
+                "Key 9",
+                "Key 10",
+                "Key 11",
+                "Key 12",
+                "Key 13",
+                "Key 14",
+                "Key 15",
+                "Key 16",
+                "Key 17",
+                "Key 18",
+                "Key 19",
+                "Key 20",
+                "Key 21",
+                "Key 22",
+                "Key 23",
+                "Key 24",
+                "Key 25",
+                "Key 26",
+                "Key 27",
+                "Key 28"
+        );
+    }
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::nost::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Nostalgia");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Title R",
+                "Title G",
+                "Title B",
+                "Bottom R",
+                "Bottom G",
+                "Bottom B",
+                "Key 1 R",
+                "Key 1 G",
+                "Key 1 B",
+                "Key 2 R",
+                "Key 2 G",
+                "Key 2 B",
+                "Key 3 R",
+                "Key 3 G",
+                "Key 3 B",
+                "Key 4 R",
+                "Key 4 G",
+                "Key 4 B",
+                "Key 5 R",
+                "Key 5 G",
+                "Key 5 B",
+                "Key 6 R",
+                "Key 6 G",
+                "Key 6 B",
+                "Key 7 R",
+                "Key 7 G",
+                "Key 7 B",
+                "Key 8 R",
+                "Key 8 G",
+                "Key 8 B",
+                "Key 9 R",
+                "Key 9 G",
+                "Key 9 B",
+                "Key 10 R",
+                "Key 10 G",
+                "Key 10 B",
+                "Key 11 R",
+                "Key 11 G",
+                "Key 11 B",
+                "Key 12 R",
+                "Key 12 G",
+                "Key 12 B",
+                "Key 13 R",
+                "Key 13 G",
+                "Key 13 B",
+                "Key 14 R",
+                "Key 14 G",
+                "Key 14 B",
+                "Key 15 R",
+                "Key 15 G",
+                "Key 15 B",
+                "Key 16 R",
+                "Key 16 G",
+                "Key 16 B",
+                "Key 17 R",
+                "Key 17 G",
+                "Key 17 B",
+                "Key 18 R",
+                "Key 18 G",
+                "Key 18 B",
+                "Key 19 R",
+                "Key 19 G",
+                "Key 19 B",
+                "Key 20 R",
+                "Key 20 G",
+                "Key 20 B",
+                "Key 21 R",
+                "Key 21 G",
+                "Key 21 B",
+                "Key 22 R",
+                "Key 22 G",
+                "Key 22 B",
+                "Key 23 R",
+                "Key 23 G",
+                "Key 23 B",
+                "Key 24 R",
+                "Key 24 G",
+                "Key 24 B",
+                "Key 25 R",
+                "Key 25 G",
+                "Key 25 B",
+                "Key 26 R",
+                "Key 26 G",
+                "Key 26 B",
+                "Key 27 R",
+                "Key 27 G",
+                "Key 27 B",
+                "Key 28 R",
+                "Key 28 G",
+                "Key 28 B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/nost/io.h b/games/nost/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9393b23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/nost/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::nost {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Key1,
+            Key2,
+            Key3,
+            Key4,
+            Key5,
+            Key6,
+            Key7,
+            Key8,
+            Key9,
+            Key10,
+            Key11,
+            Key12,
+            Key13,
+            Key14,
+            Key15,
+            Key16,
+            Key17,
+            Key18,
+            Key19,
+            Key20,
+            Key21,
+            Key22,
+            Key23,
+            Key24,
+            Key25,
+            Key26,
+            Key27,
+            Key28,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            Key1,
+            Key2,
+            Key3,
+            Key4,
+            Key5,
+            Key6,
+            Key7,
+            Key8,
+            Key9,
+            Key10,
+            Key11,
+            Key12,
+            Key13,
+            Key14,
+            Key15,
+            Key16,
+            Key17,
+            Key18,
+            Key19,
+            Key20,
+            Key21,
+            Key22,
+            Key23,
+            Key24,
+            Key25,
+            Key26,
+            Key27,
+            Key28,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            TitleR,
+            TitleG,
+            TitleB,
+            BottomR,
+            BottomG,
+            BottomB,
+            Key1R,
+            Key1G,
+            Key1B,
+            Key2R,
+            Key2G,
+            Key2B,
+            Key3R,
+            Key3G,
+            Key3B,
+            Key4R,
+            Key4G,
+            Key4B,
+            Key5R,
+            Key5G,
+            Key5B,
+            Key6R,
+            Key6G,
+            Key6B,
+            Key7R,
+            Key7G,
+            Key7B,
+            Key8R,
+            Key8G,
+            Key8B,
+            Key9R,
+            Key9G,
+            Key9B,
+            Key10R,
+            Key10G,
+            Key10B,
+            Key11R,
+            Key11G,
+            Key11B,
+            Key12R,
+            Key12G,
+            Key12B,
+            Key13R,
+            Key13G,
+            Key13B,
+            Key14R,
+            Key14G,
+            Key14B,
+            Key15R,
+            Key15G,
+            Key15B,
+            Key16R,
+            Key16G,
+            Key16B,
+            Key17R,
+            Key17G,
+            Key17B,
+            Key18R,
+            Key18G,
+            Key18B,
+            Key19R,
+            Key19G,
+            Key19B,
+            Key20R,
+            Key20G,
+            Key20B,
+            Key21R,
+            Key21G,
+            Key21B,
+            Key22R,
+            Key22G,
+            Key22B,
+            Key23R,
+            Key23G,
+            Key23B,
+            Key24R,
+            Key24G,
+            Key24B,
+            Key25R,
+            Key25G,
+            Key25B,
+            Key26R,
+            Key26G,
+            Key26B,
+            Key27R,
+            Key27G,
+            Key27B,
+            Key28R,
+            Key28G,
+            Key28B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/nost/nost.cpp b/games/nost/nost.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d6d26f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/nost/nost.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+// enable touch functions - set version to windows 7
+// mingw otherwise doesn't load touch stuff
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
+
+#include "nost.h"
+#include "hooks/setupapihook.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+namespace games::nost {
+
+    NostGame::NostGame() : Game("Nostalgia") {
+    }
+
+    void NostGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // fake touchscreen
+        ///////////////////
+
+        SETUPAPI_SETTINGS touch_settings{};
+
+        // GUID must be set to 0 to make SETUPAPI hook working
+        touch_settings.class_guid[0] = 0x00000000;
+        touch_settings.class_guid[1] = 0x00000000;
+        touch_settings.class_guid[2] = 0x00000000;
+        touch_settings.class_guid[3] = 0x00000000;
+
+        /*
+         * set hardware ID containing VID and PID
+         * there is 3 known VID/PID combinations known to the game:
+         * VID_04DD&PID_97CB
+         * VID_0EEF&PID_C000
+         * VID_29BD&PID_4101
+         */
+        const char touch_hardwareid[] = "VID_29BD&PID_4101";
+        memcpy(touch_settings.property_hardwareid, touch_hardwareid, sizeof(touch_hardwareid));
+
+        // apply settings
+        setupapihook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        setupapihook_add(touch_settings);
+
+        // custom touch
+        wintouchemu::hook("nostalgia", avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/nost/nost.h b/games/nost/nost.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..159425f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/nost/nost.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::nost {
+
+    class NostGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        NostGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/onpara/io.cpp b/games/onpara/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..504114b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::onpara::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Ongaku Paradise");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Start",
+                "Headphone"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
diff --git a/games/onpara/io.h b/games/onpara/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5105354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::onpara {
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Start,
+            Headphone,
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+}
diff --git a/games/onpara/onpara.cpp b/games/onpara/onpara.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d83c146
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/onpara.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#include "onpara.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "touchpanel.h"
+#include "westboard.h"
+
+static decltype(BuildCommDCBA)* orig_BuildCommDCBA = BuildCommDCBA;
+
+games::onpara::OnparaGame::OnparaGame() : games::Game("Ongaku Paradise") { }
+
+static BOOL WINAPI my_BuildCommDCBA(LPCSTR lpDef, LPDCB lpDCB) {
+    if (lpDef == nullptr || lpDCB == nullptr) {
+        return orig_BuildCommDCBA(lpDef, lpDCB);
+    }
+
+    log_misc("onpara", "BuildCommDCBA({})", lpDef);
+
+    // remove the device name if present
+    if (string_begins_with(lpDef, "COM") && std::strlen(lpDef) >= 5) {
+        lpDef += 6;
+    } 
+
+    return orig_BuildCommDCBA(lpDef, lpDCB);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl setvolume_and_setequalizer_stub(const char*) {
+    // log_misc("onpara", "setvolume_and_setequalizer_stub()");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void games::onpara::OnparaGame::attach() {
+    Game::attach();
+
+    // make the game start faster
+    auto gamejc9_module = libutils::try_library("gamejc9.dll");
+    if (gamejc9_module != nullptr) {
+        hooks::sleep::init(29999, 1, gamejc9_module);
+    }
+
+    // attach touch handler
+    log_info("onpara", "attach touch handler");
+    touch_attach_dx_hook();
+    if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+        ShowCursor(1);
+    }
+
+    // patch the CRC check 
+    // TODO: I don't like patching, make this not a patch
+    replace_pattern(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE, "8D4C240851E8????????83C404", "8D4C240851B80000000083C404", 0, 0);
+
+    detour::iat_try("BuildCommDCBA", my_BuildCommDCBA);
+
+    // load this now so that we can hook its dependencies
+    libutils::try_library("gamejc9.dll");
+    // stub annoying functions
+    detour::iat_try("?setvolume@@YAHPAD@Z", setvolume_and_setequalizer_stub); 
+    detour::iat_try("SetEqualizer", setvolume_and_setequalizer_stub);
+
+    devicehook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    devicehook_add(new TouchPanelHandle());
+    devicehook_add(new WestBoardHandle());
+}
+
+void games::onpara::OnparaGame::detach() {
+    Game::detach();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/onpara/onpara.h b/games/onpara/onpara.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5c080c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/onpara.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::onpara {
+    class OnparaGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        OnparaGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/onpara/touchpanel.cpp b/games/onpara/touchpanel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0805658
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/touchpanel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+#include <thread>
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include "touchpanel.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+using namespace std::chrono_literals;
+
+void games::onpara::TouchPanelHandle::set_state(touch_panel_state state) {
+    state_ = state;
+    // reset the output queue as well for good measure
+    output_queue_ = {};
+}
+
+void games::onpara::TouchPanelHandle::enqueue_packet(touch_panel_message const &message) {
+    // push magic
+    output_queue_.push('U');
+
+    // push message
+    for (auto b : message.raw) {
+        output_queue_.push(b);
+    }
+
+    // push checksum
+    output_queue_.push(message.raw[0] + 
+                       message.raw[1] + 
+                       message.raw[2] + 
+                       message.raw[3] + 
+                       message.raw[4] + 
+                       message.raw[5] + 
+                       message.raw[6] + 
+                       message.raw[7] - 1);
+}
+
+bool games::onpara::TouchPanelHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM1: baud=9600 parity=N data=8 stop=1") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    log_info("touchpanel", "Opened COM1 (Touch Panel)");
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::onpara::TouchPanelHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    DWORD i;
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    if (state_ == TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_REPORT && output_queue_.empty()) {
+        // create a new status report message
+        touch_panel_message report = {
+            'T', 'K', 0, 0, 0
+        };
+
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_get_points(touch_points);
+
+        if (!touch_points.empty()) {
+            auto &touch_point = touch_points[0];
+
+            report.x = static_cast<uint16_t>(touch_point.x);
+            report.y = 768 - static_cast<uint16_t>(touch_point.y);
+            report.z = ~0;
+        }
+
+        enqueue_packet(report);
+
+        // prevent cpu bullying
+        std::this_thread::sleep_for(1ms);
+    }
+
+    // copy from output queue
+    for (i = 0; i < nNumberOfBytesToRead && !output_queue_.empty(); i++) {
+        buffer[i] = output_queue_.front();
+        output_queue_.pop();
+    }
+
+    return i; 
+}
+
+int games::onpara::TouchPanelHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    // static messages
+    static const touch_panel_message acknowledge_message = {
+        'A', 0, 0, 0, 0
+    };
+    static const touch_panel_message diagnostics_message = {
+        'D', 0, 0, 0, 0
+    };
+
+    // make sure that we received the correct amount of data
+    if (nNumberOfBytesToWrite != 10) {
+        log_warning("touchscreen", "invalid packet size");
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    auto op = reinterpret_cast<const char *>(lpBuffer)[1];
+    switch (op) {
+    case 'R': // reset
+        set_state(TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_INACTIVE);
+        break;
+    
+    case 'a': // acknowledge
+        if (state_ == TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_INACTIVE) {
+            set_state(TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_ACKNOWLEDGE);
+            enqueue_packet(acknowledge_message);
+        }
+        else if (state_ == TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_DIAGNOSTICS) {
+            // start reporting 
+            set_state(TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_REPORT);
+        }
+        break;
+
+    case 'D': // diagnositcs
+        set_state(TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_DIAGNOSTICS);
+        enqueue_packet(diagnostics_message);
+        break;
+
+    default:
+        log_warning("touchpanel", "invalid operation: {:c}", op);
+        break;
+    }
+
+    return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::onpara::TouchPanelHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                                              LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::onpara::TouchPanelHandle::close() {
+    log_info("touchpanel", "Closed COM1 (Touch Panel)");
+
+    return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/onpara/touchpanel.h b/games/onpara/touchpanel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a42f47a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/touchpanel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <queue>
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::onpara {
+    class TouchPanelHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        union touch_panel_message {
+            struct {
+                char op;
+                char something;
+                uint16_t x;
+                uint16_t y;
+                uint16_t z;
+            };
+            char raw[8];
+        };
+
+        enum touch_panel_state {
+            TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_INACTIVE,
+            TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_ACKNOWLEDGE,
+            TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_DIAGNOSTICS,
+            TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_REPORT
+        };
+        
+        touch_panel_state state_ = TOUCH_PANEL_STATE_INACTIVE;
+        std::queue<uint8_t> output_queue_;
+
+        void set_state(touch_panel_state state);
+        void enqueue_packet(touch_panel_message const &message);
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/onpara/westboard.cpp b/games/onpara/westboard.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f1f095
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/westboard.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#include "westboard.h"
+
+#include "io.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/secplug.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace acioemu;
+
+games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::WestBoardDevice::WestBoardDevice() {
+    /*
+     * Node 1   -> Buttons
+     * Node 2   -> Card Reader
+     * Node 3-5 -> Lights
+     */
+    this->node_count = 5;
+}
+
+games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::WestBoardHandle() {
+    acio_emu_.add_device(new games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::WestBoardDevice);
+}
+
+bool games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::WestBoardDevice::parse_msg(MessageData *msg_in, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) {
+    response_ = {};
+
+    switch (msg_in->cmd.code) {
+        case ACIO_CMD_GET_VERSION:
+            set_version(&response_, ':', '^', ')', ':', '(', ":^)");
+            response_.cmd.data_size = MSG_VERSION_SIZE;
+            break;
+
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_LOAD_SECPLUG_MODEL: 
+            if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0] == SECURITY_PLUG_LICENSE) {
+                secplug_model_ = secplug::encode_secplug_model("GQJC9JAA");
+            }
+            else if (msg_in->cmd.raw[0] == SECURITY_PLUG_ACCOUNT) {
+                secplug_model_ = secplug::encode_secplug_model("@@@@@@@@");
+            }
+            else {
+                log_warning("westboard", "invalid security plug type: {}", msg_in->cmd.raw[0]);
+            }
+            
+            // empty response body
+            response_.cmd.data_size = 0;
+            break;
+
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_QUERY_SECPLUG:
+            // write security plug id
+            response_.cmd.raw[3] = 4;
+            response_.cmd.raw[4] = 3;
+            response_.cmd.raw[5] = 4;
+            response_.cmd.raw[6] = 3;
+
+            // write security plug model
+            std::copy(secplug_model_.begin(), secplug_model_.end(), response_.cmd.raw + 7);
+
+            response_.cmd.data_size = 33;
+            break;
+
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_POLL_BUTTONS_0: 
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_POLL_BUTTONS_1: {
+            auto &buttons = games::onpara::get_buttons();
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::onpara::Buttons::Test])) {
+                response_.cmd.raw[1] |= 1 << 5;
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::onpara::Buttons::Service])) {
+                response_.cmd.raw[1] |= 1 << 4;
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::onpara::Buttons::Start])) {
+                response_.cmd.raw[8] |= 1;
+            }
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::onpara::Buttons::Headphone])) {
+                response_.cmd.raw[8] |= 1 << 1;
+            }
+
+            response_.cmd.data_size = 15;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_ENABLE_CARD_READER:
+            // send status "1"
+            response_.cmd.status = 1;
+            response_.cmd.data_size = 1;
+            break;
+
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_POLL_CARD_READER:
+            response_.cmd.data_size = 24;
+            response_.cmd.raw[0] = 2;
+
+            if (eamuse_card_insert_consume(1, 0)) {
+                eamuse_get_card(1, 0, &response_.cmd.raw[2]);
+            }
+            break;
+
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_LOAD_SECPLUG_ID:
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_SET_LIGHTS:
+            // empty response body
+            response_.cmd.data_size = 0;
+            break;
+
+        case ACIO_CMD_STARTUP:
+        case ACIO_CMD_CLEAR:
+        case ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_EXECUTE: 
+            // send status "0"
+            response_.cmd.status = 0;
+            response_.cmd.data_size = 1;
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            log_warning("westboard", "unknown cmd: {}", msg_in->cmd.code);
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // set acio header
+    set_header(&response_, msg_in->addr, msg_in->cmd.code, msg_in->cmd.pid, response_.cmd.data_size);
+    // write message
+    write_msg(&response_, response_buffer);
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM2: baud=57600 parity=N data=8 stop=1") != 0){
+        return false;
+    }
+    log_info("westboard", "Opened COM2 (West Board)");
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {  
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+    for (DWORD i = 0; i < nNumberOfBytesToWrite; i++) {
+        acio_emu_.write(buffer[i]);
+    }
+
+    return nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(lpBuffer);
+
+    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+    while (bytes_read < nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        auto cur_byte = acio_emu_.read();
+
+        if (cur_byte.has_value()) {
+            buffer[bytes_read++] = cur_byte.value();
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return bytes_read;
+}
+
+int games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, 
+                                              LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::onpara::WestBoardHandle::close() {
+    log_info("westboard", "Closed COM2 (West Board)");
+
+    return true;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/onpara/westboard.h b/games/onpara/westboard.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d58a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/onpara/westboard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <array>
+
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "acioemu/acioemu.h"
+
+namespace games::onpara {
+    class WestBoardHandle : public CustomHandle  {
+    private:
+        acioemu::ACIOEmu acio_emu_;
+
+        class WestBoardDevice : public acioemu::ACIODeviceEmu {
+        private:
+            enum security_plug {
+                SECURITY_PLUG_LICENSE,
+                SECURITY_PLUG_ACCOUNT,
+            };
+
+            enum acio_westboard_cmd {
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_SET_LIGHTS         = 0x0112,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_EXECUTE            = 0x0130,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_POLL_BUTTONS_0     = 0x0111,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_POLL_BUTTONS_1     = 0x0113,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_ENABLE_CARD_READER = 0x0131,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_POLL_CARD_READER   = 0x0134,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_LOAD_SECPLUG_ID    = 0x0140,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_LOAD_SECPLUG_MODEL = 0x0141,
+                ACIO_WESTBOARD_CMD_QUERY_SECPLUG      = 0x0148
+            };
+
+            std::array<uint8_t, 6> secplug_model_;
+            acioemu::MessageData response_;
+
+        public:
+            WestBoardDevice();
+            bool parse_msg(acioemu::MessageData *msg_in, circular_buffer<uint8_t> *response_buffer) override;
+        };
+
+    public:
+        WestBoardHandle();
+
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/otoca/io.cpp b/games/otoca/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54d781b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/otoca/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::otoca::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Otoca D'or");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Button Left",
+                "Button Right",
+                "Lever Up",
+                "Lever Down",
+                "Lever Left",
+                "Lever Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::otoca::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Otoca D'or");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Left Button",
+                "Right Button"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/otoca/io.h b/games/otoca/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a028c43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/otoca/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::otoca {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            ButtonLeft,
+            ButtonRight,
+            LeverUp,
+            LeverDown,
+            LeverLeft,
+            LeverRight,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            LeftButton,
+            RightButton,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/otoca/otoca.cpp b/games/otoca/otoca.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b89108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/otoca/otoca.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "otoca.h"
+#include "p4io.h"
+#include "games/shared/printer.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+
+namespace games::otoca {
+
+    OtocaGame::OtocaGame() : Game("Otoca D'or") {
+    }
+
+    OtocaGame::~OtocaGame() {
+    }
+
+    void OtocaGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        /*
+         * arkkep.dll uses LoadLibrary to access game.dll
+         * we preload it so that hooks (e.g. for graphics) will work
+         */
+        libutils::try_library("game.dll");
+
+        // initialize IO hooks
+        p4io_hook();
+        games::shared::printer_attach();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/otoca/otoca.h b/games/otoca/otoca.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac92f34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/otoca/otoca.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::otoca {
+
+    class OtocaGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        OtocaGame();
+        ~OtocaGame() override;
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/otoca/p4io.cpp b/games/otoca/p4io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcff583
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/otoca/p4io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "p4io.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+
+namespace games::otoca {
+
+    // button mapping
+    static size_t MAPPING[] {
+            ~0u,
+            Buttons::Test,
+            Buttons::Service,
+            Buttons::CoinMech,
+            ~0u,
+            Buttons::LeverUp,
+            Buttons::LeverDown,
+            Buttons::LeverLeft,
+            Buttons::LeverRight,
+            Buttons::ButtonLeft,
+            Buttons::ButtonRight,
+            ~0u,
+            ~0u,
+    };
+    static uint8_t INPUT_STATE[std::size(MAPPING)] {};
+    static uint8_t *CARD_DATA = nullptr;
+
+    static int __cdecl P4io_Boot_step() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl P4ioInputIsOn(int input_no) {
+        if (input_no < (int) std::size(MAPPING)) {
+            return INPUT_STATE[input_no] > 0 && INPUT_STATE[input_no] < 3;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl P4ioInputIsOnTrg(int input_no) {
+        if (input_no < (int) std::size(MAPPING)) {
+            return INPUT_STATE[input_no] == 1;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl P4ioInputIsOffTrg(int input_no) {
+        if (input_no < (int) std::size(MAPPING)) {
+            return INPUT_STATE[input_no] == 3;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl P4ioInput_Polling() {
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(MAPPING); i++) {
+            if (MAPPING[i] != ~0u) {
+
+                // reset release event
+                if (INPUT_STATE[i] == 3) {
+                    INPUT_STATE[i] = 0;
+                }
+
+                // apply new button state
+                auto state = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(MAPPING[i]));
+                if (state && INPUT_STATE[i] < 2) {
+                    INPUT_STATE[i]++;
+                } else if (!state && INPUT_STATE[i] > 0 && INPUT_STATE[i] < 3) {
+                    INPUT_STATE[i] = 3;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl P4ioOutputPolling(uint32_t data) {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(Lights::LeftButton), (data & 1) ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(Lights::RightButton), (data & 2) ? 1.f : 0.f);
+
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl P4ioCoinCount() {
+        return eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl P4ioInputIsICCardHold() {
+        bool kb_insert_press = false;
+
+        // eamio keypress
+        kb_insert_press |= eamuse_get_keypad_state(0) & (1 << EAM_IO_INSERT);
+
+        // check for card
+        if (CARD_DATA == nullptr && (eamuse_card_insert_consume(1, 0) || kb_insert_press)) {
+            auto card = new uint8_t[8];
+            if (!eamuse_get_card(1, 0, card)) {
+
+                // invalid card found
+                delete[] card;
+
+            } else {
+                CARD_DATA = card;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if hold
+        return CARD_DATA != nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl P4ioInputIsICCardRead(uint8_t *data) {
+        if (CARD_DATA != nullptr) {
+            memcpy(data, CARD_DATA, 8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void p4io_hook() {
+        detour::iat_try("?P4io_Boot_step@@YA?AW4P4IO_STATUS@@XZ", P4io_Boot_step);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioInputIsOn@@YAHH@Z", P4ioInputIsOn);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioInputIsOnTrg@@YAHH@Z", P4ioInputIsOnTrg);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioInputIsOffTrg@@YAHH@Z", P4ioInputIsOffTrg);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioInput_Polling@@YAXXZ", P4ioInput_Polling);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioOutputPolling@@YAHU_P4IO_POLLING_DATA_t@@@Z", P4ioOutputPolling);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioCoinCount@@YAHXZ", P4ioCoinCount);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioInputIsICCardHold@@YA_NXZ", (void*) P4ioInputIsICCardHold);
+        detour::iat_try("?P4ioInputIsICCardRead@@YAXPAU_P4IO_ICCARDDATA@@@Z", P4ioInputIsICCardRead);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/otoca/p4io.h b/games/otoca/p4io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d39b0dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/otoca/p4io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::otoca {
+
+    void p4io_hook();
+}
diff --git a/games/pcm/io.cpp b/games/pcm/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..369ec0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/pcm/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+namespace games::pcm {
+    std::vector <Button> &get_buttons() {
+        static std::vector <Button> buttons;
+
+        if (buttons.empty()) {
+            buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Charge Machine");
+            GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                    &buttons,
+                    "Service",
+                    "Test",
+                    "Insert 1000 Yen Bill",
+                    "Insert 2000 Yen Bill",
+                    "Insert 5000 Yen Bill",
+                    "Insert 10000 Yen Bill"
+            );
+        }
+
+        return buttons;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/pcm/io.h b/games/pcm/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4df7374
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/pcm/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::pcm {
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Insert1000YenBill,
+            Insert2000YenBill,
+            Insert5000YenBill,
+            Insert10000YenBill,
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector <Button> &get_buttons();
+};
diff --git a/games/pcm/pcm.cpp b/games/pcm/pcm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c0dd22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/pcm/pcm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+#include "pcm.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+
+namespace games::pcm {
+    uint32_t *(__cdecl *GsIo_GetState_orig)(uint32_t *state);
+    static double BILL_IN_TIME = 0;
+    static double BILL_DELAY = 2.0;
+
+    static int bill_kind = 0;
+
+    static int __cdecl BillVali_GetEscrowBillKind() {
+        return bill_kind;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl BillVali_GetCurrentStep() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl BillVali_GetError() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static char __cdecl BillVali_IsEscrowNow() {
+        auto &buttons = games::pcm::get_buttons();
+
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::pcm::Buttons::Insert1000YenBill])) {
+            log_misc("pcm", "1000 yen bill inserted");
+            bill_kind = 1;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::pcm::Buttons::Insert2000YenBill])) {
+            log_misc("pcm", "2000 yen bill inserted");
+            bill_kind = 2;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::pcm::Buttons::Insert5000YenBill])) {
+            log_misc("pcm", "5000 yen bill inserted");
+            bill_kind = 3;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[games::pcm::Buttons::Insert10000YenBill])) {
+            log_misc("pcm", "10000 yen bill inserted");
+            bill_kind = 4;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl BillVali_IsIdling() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl BillVali_IsReady() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl BillVali_IsWaiting() {
+        return BILL_IN_TIME == 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl BillVali_GetReceivedBill() {
+        if (BILL_IN_TIME == 0 && BillVali_IsEscrowNow()) {
+            BILL_IN_TIME = get_performance_seconds();
+        } else if ((BILL_IN_TIME != 0) && ((BILL_IN_TIME + BILL_DELAY) <= get_performance_seconds())) {
+            BILL_IN_TIME = 0;
+            switch (bill_kind) {
+                case 1:
+                    return 1;
+                case 2:
+                    return 2;
+                case 3:
+                    return 5;
+                case 4:
+                    return 10;
+                default:
+                    return 0;
+            }
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl BillVali_ReceiveBill(int) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl BillVali_ReceiveCancel() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl BillVali_SetAcceptBill(int) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static uint32_t* __cdecl GsIo_GetState_hook(uint32_t *state) {
+        GsIo_GetState_orig(state);
+
+        // "bill validator is happy" flag :]
+        *state |= 4;
+
+        return state;
+    }
+
+    PCMGame::PCMGame() : Game("Charge Machine") {}
+
+    void PCMGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // system.dll doesn't get loaded until later so load it now for hooking.
+        HMODULE system = libutils::try_library("system.dll");
+
+        // fix ICCA
+        acio::ICCA_COMPAT_ACTIVE = true;
+
+        // apply hooks
+        detour::trampoline("system.dll", "?GetState@GsIo@@SA?BVSTATE@1@XZ",
+                GsIo_GetState_hook, &GsIo_GetState_orig);
+
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_GetCurrentStep, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?GetCurrentStep@GsBillVali@@SAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_GetError, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?GetError@GsBillVali@@SAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_GetReceivedBill, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?GetReceivedBill@GsBillVali@@SAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_IsEscrowNow, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?IsEscrowNow@GsBillVali@@SA_NXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_IsIdling, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?IsIdling@GsBillVali@@SA_NXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_IsWaiting, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?IsWaiting@GsBillVali@@SA_NXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_IsReady, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?IsReady@GsBillVali@@SA_NXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_ReceiveBill, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?ReceiveBill@GsBillVali@@SA_NH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_ReceiveCancel, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?ReceiveCancel@GsBillVali@@SAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_GetEscrowBillKind, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?GetEscrowBillKind@GsBillVali@@SAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook(BillVali_SetAcceptBill, libutils::try_proc(
+                system, "?SetAcceptBill@GsBillVali@@SA_NH@Z"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/pcm/pcm.h b/games/pcm/pcm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..543c555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/pcm/pcm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::pcm {
+    class PCMGame : public Game {
+    public:
+        PCMGame();
+
+        void attach() override;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/popn/io.cpp b/games/popn/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dc0e0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/popn/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::popn::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Pop'n Music");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Button 1",
+                "Button 2",
+                "Button 3",
+                "Button 4",
+                "Button 5",
+                "Button 6",
+                "Button 7",
+                "Button 8",
+                "Button 9"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::popn::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Pop'n Music");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Button 1",
+                "Button 2",
+                "Button 3",
+                "Button 4",
+                "Button 5",
+                "Button 6",
+                "Button 7",
+                "Button 8",
+                "Button 9",
+                "Top LED 1",
+                "Top LED 2",
+                "Top LED 3",
+                "Top LED 4",
+                "Top LED 5",
+                "Top LED 6",
+                "Top LED 7",
+                "Top LED 8",
+                "Top LED 9",
+                "Top LED 10",
+                "Top LED 11",
+                "Top LED 12",
+                "Top LED 13",
+                "Top LED 14",
+                "Top LED 15",
+                "Top LED 16",
+                "Top LED 17",
+                "Top LED 18",
+                "Top LED 19",
+                "Top LED 20",
+                "Top LED 21",
+                "Top LED 22",
+                "Top LED 23",
+                "Top LED 24",
+                "Top LED 25",
+                "Top LED 26",
+                "Top LED 27",
+                "Top LED 28",
+                "Top LED 29",
+                "Top LED 30",
+                "Top LED 31",
+                "Top LED 32",
+                "Top LED R",
+                "Top LED G",
+                "Top LED B",
+                "Hi Lamp 1",
+                "Hi Lamp 2",
+                "Hi Lamp 3",
+                "Hi Lamp 4",
+                "Hi Lamp 5",
+                "Left Lamp 1",
+                "Left Lamp 2",
+                "Right Lamp 1",
+                "Right Lamp 2",
+                "Woofer LED R",
+                "Woofer LED G",
+                "Woofer LED B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/popn/io.h b/games/popn/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f23e12b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/popn/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::popn {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Button1,
+            Button2,
+            Button3,
+            Button4,
+            Button5,
+            Button6,
+            Button7,
+            Button8,
+            Button9,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            Button1,
+            Button2,
+            Button3,
+            Button4,
+            Button5,
+            Button6,
+            Button7,
+            Button8,
+            Button9,
+            TopLED1,
+            TopLED2,
+            TopLED3,
+            TopLED4,
+            TopLED5,
+            TopLED6,
+            TopLED7,
+            TopLED8,
+            TopLED9,
+            TopLED10,
+            TopLED11,
+            TopLED12,
+            TopLED13,
+            TopLED14,
+            TopLED15,
+            TopLED16,
+            TopLED17,
+            TopLED18,
+            TopLED19,
+            TopLED20,
+            TopLED21,
+            TopLED22,
+            TopLED23,
+            TopLED24,
+            TopLED25,
+            TopLED26,
+            TopLED27,
+            TopLED28,
+            TopLED29,
+            TopLED30,
+            TopLED31,
+            TopLED32,
+            TopLED_R,
+            TopLED_G,
+            TopLED_B,
+            HiLamp1,
+            HiLamp2,
+            HiLamp3,
+            HiLamp4,
+            HiLamp5,
+            LeftLamp1,
+            LeftLamp2,
+            RightLamp1,
+            RightLamp2,
+            WooferLED_R,
+            WooferLED_G,
+            WooferLED_B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/popn/popn.cpp b/games/popn/popn.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..42dd926
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/popn/popn.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "popn.h"
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/logger.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "io.h"
+
+namespace games::popn {
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCheckAlive() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCheckSecurityNew() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCoinGet() {
+        return eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCoinMode() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbEnd() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbFirmResult() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbGetKEYID() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbGetSecurity() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbLamp(uint32_t lamp_bits) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // bit scan
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                Lights::Button1,
+                Lights::Button2,
+                Lights::Button3,
+                Lights::Button4,
+                Lights::Button5,
+                Lights::Button6,
+                Lights::Button7,
+                Lights::Button8,
+                Lights::Button9,
+                Lights::HiLamp1,
+                Lights::HiLamp2,
+                Lights::HiLamp3,
+                Lights::HiLamp4,
+                Lights::HiLamp5,
+                Lights::LeftLamp1,
+                Lights::LeftLamp2,
+                Lights::RightLamp1,
+                Lights::RightLamp2,
+        };
+
+        // sw lamps
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+            float value = (lamp_bits & (1 << (i + 23))) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+        }
+        // neon lamps
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+            float value = (lamp_bits & (1 << i)) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i + 9]), value);
+        }
+        // screen lamps
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            float value = (lamp_bits & (1 << (i + 8))) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i + 14]), value);
+        }
+
+        // flush output
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+        // return no error
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbPadRead(unsigned int *pad_bits) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        *pad_bits = 0;
+
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Service))) {
+            *pad_bits |= 1 << 6;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Test))) {
+            *pad_bits |= 1 << 7;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            *pad_bits |= 1 << 22;
+        }
+
+        // buttons
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                Buttons::Button1,
+                Buttons::Button2,
+                Buttons::Button3,
+                Buttons::Button4,
+                Buttons::Button5,
+                Buttons::Button6,
+                Buttons::Button7,
+                Buttons::Button8,
+                Buttons::Button9,
+        };
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(mapping[i]))) {
+                *pad_bits |= 1 << (8 + i);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return no error
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbPadReadLast(uint8_t *a1) {
+        memset(a1, 0, 40);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecurityInit() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecurityInitDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySearch() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySearchDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySelect() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySelectDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSetExtIo(uint32_t rgb_bits) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // bit scan
+        static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                Lights::WooferLED_R,
+                Lights::WooferLED_G,
+                Lights::WooferLED_B,
+        };
+        
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            float value = (rgb_bits & (1 << (i + 1)));
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), value);
+        }
+    
+        // flush output
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbStart() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbWdtReset() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbWdtStart() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbWdtStartDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static decltype(DeleteFileA)* DeleteFileA_real = nullptr;
+
+    static BOOL WINAPI DeleteFileA_hook(LPCSTR lpFileName) {
+
+        // fantasia deletes a bunch of drmfs files in dll_entry_init
+        if (string_begins_with(lpFileName, "D:\\L39\\contents")) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return DeleteFileA_real(lpFileName);
+    }
+
+    static decltype(mixerSetControlDetails)* mixerSetControlDetails_real = nullptr;
+
+    static MMRESULT WINAPI mixerSetControlDetails_hook(HMIXEROBJ hmxobj, LPMIXERCONTROLDETAILS pmxcd, DWORD fdwDetails) {
+
+        mixerSetControlDetails_real(hmxobj, pmxcd, fdwDetails);
+        return MMSYSERR_NOERROR;
+    }
+
+    static bool log_hook(void *user, const std::string &data, logger::Style style, std::string &out) {
+
+        // get rid of the log spam
+        if (data.find(" I:CabinetSettingFile: label:") != std::string::npos) {
+            out.clear();
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    POPNGame::POPNGame() : Game("Pop'n Music") {
+        logger::hook_add(log_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    POPNGame::~POPNGame() {
+        logger::hook_remove(log_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    void POPNGame::pre_attach() {
+        Game::pre_attach();
+
+        // only needed for older versions (19-21, inclusive) but create them anyway since 21 and above are all M39
+        fileutils::dir_create_recursive_log("popn", "dev\\raw\\bookkeeping");
+        fileutils::dir_create_recursive_log("popn", "dev\\raw\\ranking");
+        fileutils::dir_create_recursive_log("popn", "dev\\raw\\settings");
+
+        // load without resolving references
+        // makes game not trigger DLLMain which results in an error due to missing EZUSB device
+        LoadLibraryExW((MODULE_PATH / "ezusb.dll").c_str(), nullptr, DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES);
+    }
+
+    void POPNGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        /*
+         * Fast Boot (TM) Patch
+         * Game tries to create some directories and if it fails it will sleep for 1 second
+         * We make it sleep 1ms each time instead
+         */
+        hooks::sleep::init(999, 1);
+
+        DeleteFileA_real = detour::iat_try("DeleteFileA", DeleteFileA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        mixerSetControlDetails_real = detour::iat_try("mixerSetControlDetails", mixerSetControlDetails_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        // EZUSB hooks
+        HINSTANCE ezusb = libutils::try_library("ezusb.dll");
+        if (ezusb) {
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCheckAlive,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCheckAlive@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCheckSecurityNew,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCheckSecurityNew@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCoinGet,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCoinGet@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCoinMode,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCoinMode@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbEnd,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbEnd@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbFirmResult,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbFirmResult@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbGetKEYID,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbGetKEYID@@YAHPAEH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbGetSecurity,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbGetSecurity@@YAHHPAE@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbLamp,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbLamp@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbPadRead,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbPadRead@@YAHPAK@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbPadReadLast,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbPadReadLast@@YAHPAE@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecurityInit,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecurityInit@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecurityInitDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecurityInitDone@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySearch,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySearch@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySearchDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySearchDone@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySelect,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySelect@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySelectDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySelectDone@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSetExtIo,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSetExtIo@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbStart,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbStart@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbWdtReset,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbWdtReset@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbWdtStart,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbWdtStart@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbWdtStartDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbWdtStartDone@@YAHXZ"));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/popn/popn.h b/games/popn/popn.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dc40e7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/popn/popn.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::popn {
+
+    class POPNGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        POPNGame();
+        ~POPNGame() override;
+        virtual void pre_attach() override;
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/qks/bi2x_hook.cpp b/games/qks/bi2x_hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..36ed09a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qks/bi2x_hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,605 @@
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "util/tapeled.h"
+
+namespace games::qks {
+
+    /*
+     * class definitions
+     */
+
+    struct AIO_SCI_COMM {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM {
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO {
+        uint8_t data[0xA3];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__INPUT {
+        uint8_t DevIoCounter;
+        uint8_t bExIoAErr;
+        uint8_t bExIoBErr;
+        uint8_t bPcPowerOn;
+        uint8_t bPcPowerCheck;
+        uint8_t bCoin1Jam;
+        uint8_t bCoin2Jam;
+        uint8_t bCoin3Jam;
+        uint8_t bCoin4Jam;
+        uint8_t Coin1Count;
+        uint8_t Coin2Count;
+        uint8_t Coin3Count;
+        uint8_t Coin4Count;
+        uint16_t AnalogCh1;
+        uint16_t AnalogCh2;
+        uint16_t AnalogCh3;
+        uint16_t AnalogCh4;
+        uint8_t CN8_8;
+        uint8_t CN8_9;
+        uint8_t CN8_10;
+        uint8_t CN9_8;
+        uint8_t CN9_9;
+        uint8_t CN9_10;
+        uint8_t CN11_11;
+        uint8_t CN11_12;
+        uint8_t CN11_13;
+        uint8_t CN11_14;
+        uint8_t CN11_15;
+        uint8_t CN11_16;
+        uint8_t CN11_17;
+        uint8_t CN11_18;
+        uint8_t CN11_19;
+        uint8_t CN11_20;
+        uint8_t CN12_11;
+        uint8_t CN12_12;
+        uint8_t CN12_13;
+        uint8_t CN12_14;
+        uint8_t CN12_15;
+        uint8_t CN12_16;
+        uint8_t CN12_17;
+        uint8_t CN12_18;
+        uint8_t CN12_19;
+        uint8_t CN12_20;
+        uint8_t CN12_21;
+        uint8_t CN12_22;
+        uint8_t CN12_23;
+        uint8_t CN12_24;
+        uint8_t CN15_3;
+        uint8_t CN15_4;
+        uint8_t CN15_5;
+        uint8_t CN15_6;
+        uint8_t CN15_7;
+        uint8_t CN15_8;
+        uint8_t CN15_9;
+        uint8_t CN15_10;
+        uint8_t CN15_11;
+        uint8_t CN15_12;
+        uint8_t CN15_13;
+        uint8_t CN15_14;
+        uint8_t CN15_15;
+        uint8_t CN15_16;
+        uint8_t CN15_17;
+        uint8_t CN15_18;
+        uint8_t CN15_19;
+        uint8_t CN15_20;
+        uint8_t CN19_8;
+        uint8_t CN19_9;
+        uint8_t CN19_10;
+        uint8_t CN19_11;
+        uint8_t CN19_12;
+        uint8_t CN19_13;
+        uint8_t CN19_14;
+        uint8_t CN19_15;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__INPUTDATA {
+        uint8_t Data[228];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__OUTPUTDATA {
+        uint8_t Data[48];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__IORESETDATA {
+        uint8_t Data[4];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__ICNPIN {
+        uint16_t Ain[4];
+        uint64_t CnPin;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING_AMPVOL {
+        uint8_t m_CnDown;
+        uint8_t m_PinDown;
+        uint8_t m_CnUp;
+        uint8_t m_PinUp;
+        uint8_t m_CnMute;
+        uint8_t m_PinMute;
+        uint16_t m_OnTime;
+        uint16_t m_OffTime;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING_COUNTER {
+        uint8_t m_Connector;
+        uint8_t m_Pin;
+        uint16_t m_OnTime;
+        uint16_t m_OffTime;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING_COIN {
+        uint8_t m_Connector;
+        uint8_t m_Pin;
+        uint8_t m_OnTime;
+        uint8_t m_OffTime;
+        uint16_t m_JamTimeout;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING {
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING_COIN m_aCoin[4];
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING_COUNTER m_aCounter[4];
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING_AMPVOL m_aAmpVol[4];
+
+        uint16_t m_aTapeLed[8];
+        uint8_t m_TestFirm;
+        uint8_t m_bEnableDbgMon;
+        uint8_t m_bDisableSciCmd;
+        uint8_t m_bDisablePcPwrCtl;
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__DEVSTATUS {
+        uint8_t InputCounter;
+        uint8_t OutputCounter;
+        uint8_t TapeLedCounter;
+        uint8_t TapeLedRate[8];
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__INPUT Input;
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__INPUTDATA InputData;
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__OUTPUTDATA OutputData;
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__IORESETDATA IoResetData;
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__ICNPIN ICnPinHist[17];
+        AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING Setting;
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * typedefs
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioIob2Bi2xAC1)
+    typedef AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, uint32_t i_DevId, AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING *i_pSetting, uint32_t i_cbSetting);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__DEVSTATUS *o_DevStatus, uint32_t i_cbDevStatus);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_bfIoReset);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_Count);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Counter, uint32_t i_Count);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Amp, uint32_t i_Volume);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_CnPin, uint8_t i_Data);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_TapeLedCh, uint32_t i_Offset, uint8_t i_pData[], uint32_t i_cntTapeLed, bool i_bReverse);
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNMgrIob)
+    typedef AIO_NMGR_IOB* (__fastcall *aioNMgrIob2_Create_t)(AIO_SCI_COMM *i_pSci, uint32_t i_bfMode);
+    typedef uint32_t (__fastcall *aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO o_pCommStatus, uint32_t i_cbCommStatus);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr);
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNCtlIob)
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO *o_NodeInfo, uint32_t i_cbNodeInfo);
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioIob2Bi2x)
+    typedef AIO_SCI_COMM* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t)(uint32_t i_SerialNumber);
+    typedef AIO_SCI_COMM* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Port, uint32_t i_BaudRate);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_bfGroup);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Channel, uint8_t i_Scale, uint8_t i_Limit);
+    typedef AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t)(uint32_t i_SerialNumber, uint32_t i_bfIob);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm);
+    typedef int32_t (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t)(int32_t i_State);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t)(int32_t i_State);
+
+    // libaio.dll
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNodeMgr)
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr);
+    typedef int32_t (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_GetState_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_IsReady_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeMgr_IsError_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State);
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNodeCtl)
+    typedef void (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl);
+    typedef int32_t (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_GetState_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_IsReady_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State);
+    typedef bool (__fastcall *aioNodeCtl_IsError_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State);
+
+    /*
+     * function pointers
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioIob2Bi2xAC1)
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart_t aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNMgrIob)
+    static aioNMgrIob2_Create_t aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus_t aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_t aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_orig = nullptr;
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNCtlIob)
+    static aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_t aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_orig = nullptr;
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioIob2Bi2x)
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1_t aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup_t aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit_t aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_t aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // libaio.dll
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNodeMgr)
+    static aioNodeMgr_Destroy_t aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_GetState_t aioNodeMgr_GetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_IsReady_t aioNodeMgr_IsReady_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeMgr_IsError_t aioNodeMgr_IsError_orig = nullptr;
+    // (Konami.Aio.aioNodeCtl)
+    static aioNodeCtl_Destroy_t aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_GetState_t aioNodeCtl_GetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_IsReady_t aioNodeCtl_IsReady_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNodeCtl_IsError_t aioNodeCtl_IsError_orig = nullptr;
+
+    /*
+     * variables
+     */
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM *aioSciComm;
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB *aioNmgrIob;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *aioIob2Bi2xAc1;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm;
+    static uint8_t count = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * implementations
+     */
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, uint32_t i_DevId, AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__SETTING *i_pSetting, uint32_t i_cbSetting) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob) {
+            log_info("bi2x_hook", "node created");
+            aioIob2Bi2xAc1 = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1;
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAc1;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create_orig(i_pNodeMgr, i_DevId, i_pSetting, i_cbSetting);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__DEVSTATUS *o_DevStatus, uint32_t i_cbDevStatus) {
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus_orig(i_pNodeCtl, o_DevStatus, i_cbDevStatus);
+        }
+
+        memset(o_DevStatus, 0x00, sizeof(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1__DEVSTATUS));
+
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        o_DevStatus->Input.DevIoCounter = count;
+        o_DevStatus->InputCounter = count;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN11_13 = 1; // Alive flag?
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN8_8 = 1;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN8_9 = 1;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN8_10 = 1;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_3 = 0;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_4 = 0;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_5 = 0;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_8 = 1;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN12_12 = 0;
+        o_DevStatus->Input.CN12_13 = 0;
+
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Test])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN8_8 = 0;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Service])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN8_9 = 0;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Coin])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN8_10 = 0;
+            eamuse_coin_add();
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::QButton1])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_3 = 1;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::QButton2])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_4 = 1;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::QButton3])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_5 = 1;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::QButton])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN15_8 = 0;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::JackDetect])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN12_12 = 1;
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::MicDetect])) {
+            o_DevStatus->Input.CN12_13 = 1;
+        }
+
+        o_DevStatus->Input.Coin1Count = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+
+        count++;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_bfIoReset) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_bfIoReset);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_Count) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Count);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Counter, uint32_t i_Count) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xAc1 && i_Count == 0) {
+            eamuse_coin_set_stock((uint16_t) i_Count);
+            return;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Counter, i_Count);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Amp, uint32_t i_Volume) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Amp, i_Volume);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_CnPin, uint8_t i_Data) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xAc1 && i_CnPin == 1) {
+            eamuse_coin_set_block(i_Data == 0);
+            return;
+        }
+        // TODO: LED impl
+        // return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_CnPin, i_Data);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_TapeLedCh, uint32_t i_Offset, uint8_t i_pData[], uint32_t i_cntTapeLed, bool i_bReverse) {
+        // TODO: LED tape impl
+        // return aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_TapeLedCh, i_Offset, i_pData, i_cntTapeLed, i_bReverse);
+    }
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB* __fastcall aioNMgrIob2_Create(AIO_SCI_COMM *i_pSci, uint32_t i_bfMode) {
+        if (i_pSci == aioSciComm) {
+            aioNmgrIob = new AIO_NMGR_IOB;
+            return aioNmgrIob;
+        }
+        return aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig(i_pSci, i_bfMode);
+    }
+
+    static uint32_t __fastcall aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO o_pCommStatus, uint32_t i_cbCommStatus) {
+        return aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus_orig(i_pNodeMgr, o_pCommStatus, i_cbCommStatus);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNMgrIob_BeginManage(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr != aioNmgrIob) {
+            return aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_orig(i_pNodeMgr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO *o_NodeInfo, uint32_t i_cbNodeInfo) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            memset(o_NodeInfo, 0, sizeof(AIO_NMGR_IOB__NODEINFO));
+        } else {
+            return aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_orig(i_pNodeCtl, o_NodeInfo, i_cbNodeInfo);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc(uint32_t i_SerialNumber) {
+        aioSciComm = new AIO_SCI_COMM;
+        return aioSciComm;
+    }
+
+    static AIO_SCI_COMM* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Port, uint32_t i_BaudRate) {
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1");
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Port, i_BaudRate);
+    }
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext(uint32_t i_SerialNumber, uint32_t i_bfIob) {
+        aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM;
+        return aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint8_t i_bfGroup) {
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup");
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_bfGroup);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, uint32_t i_Channel, uint8_t i_Scale, uint8_t i_Limit) {
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit");
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_Channel, i_Scale, i_Limit);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm) {
+        if (i_pWrFirm != aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm) {
+            return aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig(i_pWrFirm);
+        }
+        delete aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm;
+        aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_WRFIRM *i_pWrFirm) {
+        if (i_pWrFirm == aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm) {
+            return 8;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig(i_pWrFirm);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted(int32_t i_State) {
+        if (aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm != nullptr) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig(i_State);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError(int32_t i_State) {
+        if (aioIob2Bi2xWrfirm != nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig(i_State);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeMgr_Destroy(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr != aioNmgrIob) {
+            return aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig(i_pNodeMgr);
+        }
+        delete aioNmgrIob;
+        aioNmgrIob = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioNodeMgr_GetState(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return aioNodeMgr_GetState_orig(i_pNodeMgr);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeMgr_IsReady(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return aioNodeMgr_IsReady_orig(i_pNodeMgr, i_State);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeMgr_IsError(AIO_NMGR_IOB *i_pNodeMgr, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeMgr == aioNmgrIob) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return aioNodeMgr_IsError_orig(i_pNodeMgr, i_State);
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall aioNodeCtl_Destroy(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl != aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig(i_pNodeCtl);
+        }
+        delete aioIob2Bi2xAc1;
+        aioIob2Bi2xAc1 = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    static int32_t __fastcall aioNodeCtl_GetState(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        return aioNodeCtl_GetState_orig(i_pNodeCtl);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeCtl_IsReady(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        return aioNodeCtl_IsReady_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_State);
+    }
+
+    static bool __fastcall aioNodeCtl_IsError(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_AC1 *i_pNodeCtl, int32_t i_State) {
+        if (i_pNodeCtl == aioIob2Bi2xAc1) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return aioNodeCtl_IsError_orig(i_pNodeCtl, i_State);
+    }
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init() {
+        // avoid double init
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (initialized) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        // announce
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "init");
+
+        // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+        const auto libaioIob2VideoDll = "libaio-iob2_video.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_GetDeviceStatus_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_IoReset_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetWatchDogTimer_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_AddCounter_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetAmpVolume_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetOutputData_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart",
+                               aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart, &aioIob2Bi2xAC1_SetTapeLedDataPart_orig);
+
+        // libaio-iob.dll
+        const auto libaioIobDll = "libaio-iob.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNMgrIob2_Create",
+                               aioNMgrIob2_Create, &aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus",
+                               aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus, &aioNMgrIob_GetCommStatus_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNMgrIob_BeginManage",
+                               aioNMgrIob_BeginManage, &aioNMgrIob_BeginManage_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo",
+                               aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo, &aioNCtlIob_GetNodeInfo_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc, &aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1, &aioIob2Bi2x_SciOpenB8PNS1_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup, &aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataGroup_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit, &aioIob2Bi2x_SetTapeLedDataLimit_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_CreateWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext, &aioIob2Bi2x_DestroyWriteFirmContext_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsCompleted_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError",
+                               aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmIsError_orig);
+
+        // libaio.dll
+        const auto libaioDll = "libaio.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_Destroy",
+                               aioNodeMgr_Destroy, &aioNodeMgr_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_GetState",
+                               aioNodeMgr_GetState, &aioNodeMgr_GetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_IsReady",
+                               aioNodeMgr_IsReady, &aioNodeMgr_IsReady_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeMgr_IsError",
+                               aioNodeMgr_IsError, &aioNodeMgr_IsError_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_Destroy",
+                               aioNodeCtl_Destroy, &aioNodeCtl_Destroy_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_GetState",
+                               aioNodeCtl_GetState, &aioNodeCtl_GetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_IsReady",
+                               aioNodeCtl_IsReady, &aioNodeCtl_IsReady_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioDll, "aioNodeCtl_IsError",
+                               aioNodeCtl_IsError, &aioNodeCtl_IsError_orig);
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/qks/bi2x_hook.h b/games/qks/bi2x_hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fcaabbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qks/bi2x_hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+
+namespace games::qks {
+    void bi2x_hook_init();
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/qks/io.cpp b/games/qks/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d81a06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qks/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::qks::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("QuizKnock STADIUM");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Test",
+                "Service",
+                "Coin",
+                "Q Button Press",
+                "Q Button Sensor 1",
+                "Q Button Sensor 2",
+                "Q Button Sensor 3",
+                "Headphones Detect",
+                "Microphone Detect"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/qks/io.h b/games/qks/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..10b4ba3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qks/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::qks {
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Test,
+            Service,
+            Coin,
+            QButton,
+            QButton1,
+            QButton2,
+            QButton3,
+            JackDetect,
+            MicDetect
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+}
diff --git a/games/qks/qks.cpp b/games/qks/qks.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..976d878
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qks/qks.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#include "qks.h"
+
+#include <format>
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "acioemu/handle.h"
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+
+namespace games::qks {
+    std::string QKS_INJECT_ARGS = "";
+
+    const std::wstring portName = L"\\\\.\\COM1";
+    static acioemu::ACIOHandle *acioHandle = nullptr;
+    static std::string commandLine;
+    static bool isOpened = false;
+
+    static decltype(AddVectoredExceptionHandler) *AddVectoredExceptionHandler_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(ShowCursor) *ShowCursor_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(CreateFileA) *execexe_CreateFileA_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(CloseHandle) *execexe_CloseHandle_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(GetCommandLineA) *GetCommandLineA_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static HANDLE WINAPI execexe_CreateFileA_hook(LPCSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+                                                  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+                                                  DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile) {
+        const auto lpFileNameW = s2ws(lpFileName);
+        if (lpFileNameW == portName) {
+            if (!isOpened) {
+                isOpened = acioHandle->open(portName.c_str());
+            } else {
+                // NOTE: For some reason, QKS repeatedly opens and closes the COM port.
+                // In the existing implementation of `icca.cpp`, the game side would specify an impossible
+                // number of units and call `log_fatal()`, causing the game to crash, so the handle is reused.
+                log_info("qks", "ignored handle open. ({})", ws2s(portName));
+            }
+            SetLastError(0);
+            return (HANDLE)acioHandle;
+        }
+        return execexe_CreateFileA_orig(lpFileName, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                                        dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+    }
+
+    static WINBOOL WINAPI execexe_CloseHandle_hook(HANDLE hObject) {
+        if (hObject == acioHandle && isOpened) {
+            log_info("qks", "ignored handle close. ({})", ws2s(portName));
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+        return execexe_CloseHandle_orig(hObject);
+    }
+
+    static int WINAPI ShowCursor_hook(BOOL bShow) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    static PVOID WINAPI AddVectoredExceptionHandler_hook(ULONG First, PVECTORED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER Handler) {
+        return INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    }
+
+    static LPSTR WINAPI GetCommandLineA_hook() {
+        return (LPSTR)commandLine.c_str();
+    }
+
+    void QKSGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // create required files
+        fileutils::dir_create_recursive("dev/raw/log");
+        fileutils::bin_write("dev/raw/log/output_log.txt", nullptr, 0);
+
+        // create optional files (suppress warning)
+        fileutils::bin_write("dev/raw/error.txt", nullptr, 0);
+
+        // preload libraries
+        libutils::load_library("execexe.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("libaio.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("libaio-iob.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("libaio-iob2_video.dll");
+        libutils::load_library("virtualsurroundnative.dll");
+
+        detour::trampoline_try("execexe.dll", MAKEINTRESOURCE(7),
+                               execexe_CloseHandle_hook,&execexe_CloseHandle_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try("execexe.dll", MAKEINTRESOURCE(9),
+                               execexe_CreateFileA_hook,&execexe_CreateFileA_orig);
+
+        // insert BI2X hooks
+        bi2x_hook_init();
+
+        // add card reader
+        acioHandle = new acioemu::ACIOHandle(portName.c_str());
+        devicehook_init_trampoline();
+        devicehook_add(acioHandle);
+    }
+
+    void QKSGame::post_attach() {
+        Game::post_attach();
+
+        detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "AddVectoredExceptionHandler",
+                               AddVectoredExceptionHandler_hook, &AddVectoredExceptionHandler_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetCommandLineA",
+                               GetCommandLineA_hook, &GetCommandLineA_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try("user32.dll", "ShowCursor",
+                               ShowCursor_hook, &ShowCursor_orig);
+
+        commandLine = std::format("{} {}", GetCommandLineA_orig(), QKS_INJECT_ARGS);
+    }
+
+    void QKSGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        devicehook_dispose();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/qks/qks.h b/games/qks/qks.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e046672
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qks/qks.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::qks {
+    extern std::string QKS_INJECT_ARGS;
+
+    class QKSGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        QKSGame() : Game("QuizKnock STADIUM") {}
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void post_attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/qma/ezusb.cpp b/games/qma/ezusb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1be45b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qma/ezusb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+#include "ezusb.h"
+
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "io.h"
+
+namespace games::qma {
+
+    static long DISPLAY_SIZE_X = 1360L;
+    static long DISPLAY_SIZE_Y = 768L;
+
+    std::array<bool, 39> TOUCH_STATUS = {};
+    std::array<int, 39> TOUCH_X_COORD = {230, 277, 323, 369, 417, 463, 510, 555, 601, 647, 695, 250, 296, 344, 389, 435, 483, 528, 575, 621, 667, 259, 308, 353, 398, 444, 491, 537, 582, 638, 280, 324, 370, 422, 465, 510, 557, 760, 759};
+    std::array<int, 39> TOUCH_Y_COORD = {642, 642, 642, 642, 642, 642, 642, 642, 642, 642, 642, 728, 728, 728, 728, 728, 728, 728, 728, 728, 728, 813, 813, 813, 813, 813, 813, 813, 813, 813, 894, 894, 894, 894, 894, 894, 894, 771, 886};
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCheckAlive() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCheckSecurityNew() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCoinGet() {
+        return eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCoinMode() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbEnd() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbFirmResult() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbGetKEYID() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbGetSecurity() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbLamp(uint32_t lamp_bits) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t bits[] = {
+                0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
+                0x08, 0x10, 0x20
+        };
+        static const size_t vals[] = {
+                Lights::LampRed, Lights::LampGreen, Lights::LampBlue,
+                Lights::ButtonLeft, Lights::ButtonRight, Lights::ButtonOK
+        };
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            float value = (lamp_bits & bits[i]) ? 1.f : 0.f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(vals[i]), value);
+        }
+
+        // return no error
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbPadRead(unsigned int *pad_bits) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        *pad_bits = 0;
+
+        // mappings
+        static const struct {
+            size_t button, shift;
+        } mappings[] = {
+                { Buttons::Service, 19 },
+                { Buttons::Test, 18 },
+                { Buttons::Select, 17 },
+                { Buttons::CoinMech, 16 },
+                { Buttons::Select1, 0 },
+                { Buttons::Select2, 1 },
+                { Buttons::OK, 2 },
+                { Buttons::Left, 6 },
+                { Buttons::Right, 7 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey1, 100 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey2, 101 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey3, 102 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey4, 103 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey5, 104 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey6, 105 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey7, 106 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey8, 107 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey9, 108 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKey0, 109 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyDash, 110 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyQ, 111 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyW, 112 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyE, 113 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyR, 114 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyT, 115 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyY, 116 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyU, 117 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyI, 118 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyO, 119 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyP, 120 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyA, 121 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyS, 122 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyD, 123 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyF, 124 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyG, 125 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyH, 126 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyJ, 127 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyK, 128 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyL, 129 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyZ, 130 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyX, 131 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyC, 132 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyV, 133 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyB, 134 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyN, 135 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyM, 136 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyBackspace, 137 },
+                { Buttons::TouchKeyEnter, 138 }
+        };
+
+        // set buttons
+        for (auto &mapping : mappings) {
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(mapping.button))) {
+                if (mapping.shift > 99) {
+                    if (!TOUCH_STATUS[mapping.shift - 100]) {
+
+                        static RECT display_rect;
+                        GetWindowRect(GetDesktopWindow(), &display_rect);
+                        DISPLAY_SIZE_X = display_rect.right - display_rect.left;
+                        DISPLAY_SIZE_Y = display_rect.bottom - display_rect.top;
+
+                        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_write;
+                        std::vector<DWORD> touch_point_ids;
+                        TouchPoint tp {
+                            .id = 0,
+                            .x = (long)(TOUCH_X_COORD[mapping.shift - 100] * DISPLAY_SIZE_X / 1000),
+                            .y = (long)(TOUCH_Y_COORD[mapping.shift - 100] * DISPLAY_SIZE_Y / 1000),
+                            .mouse = false,
+                        };
+                        TOUCH_STATUS[mapping.shift - 100] = true;
+                        touch_write.emplace_back(tp);
+                        touch_write_points(&touch_write);
+
+                        touch_point_ids.emplace_back(0);
+                        touch_remove_points(&touch_point_ids);
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    *pad_bits |= 1 << mapping.shift;
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (mapping.shift > 99) {
+                    TOUCH_STATUS[mapping.shift - 100] = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        // return no error
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbPadReadLast(uint8_t *a1) {
+        memset(a1, 0, 40);
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecurityInit() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecurityInitDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySearch() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySearchDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySelect() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSecuritySelectDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbSetExtIo() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbStart() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbWdtReset() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbWdtStart() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbWdtStartDone() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbCoinBlocker(int a1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbMute(int a1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl usbIsHiSpeed() {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    void ezusb_init() {
+
+        TOUCH_STATUS.fill(false);
+        // load the library
+        HINSTANCE ezusb = libutils::try_library("ezusb.dll");
+
+        // insert hooks
+        if (ezusb) {
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCheckAlive,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCheckAlive@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCheckSecurityNew,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCheckSecurityNew@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCoinGet,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCoinGet@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCoinMode,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCoinMode@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbEnd,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbEnd@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbFirmResult,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbFirmResult@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbGetKEYID,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbGetKEYID@@YAHPAEH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbGetSecurity,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbGetSecurity@@YAHHPAE@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbLamp,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbLamp@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbPadRead,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbPadRead@@YAHPAK@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbPadReadLast,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbPadReadLast@@YAHPAE@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecurityInit,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecurityInit@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecurityInitDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecurityInitDone@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySearch,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySearch@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySearchDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySearchDone@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySelect,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySelect@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSecuritySelectDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSecuritySelectDone@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbSetExtIo,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbSetExtIo@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbStart,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbStart@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbWdtReset,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbWdtReset@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbWdtStart,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbWdtStart@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbWdtStartDone,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbWdtStartDone@@YAHXZ"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbCoinBlocker,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbCoinBlocker@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbMute,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbMute@@YAHH@Z"));
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) usbIsHiSpeed,
+                                libutils::try_proc(ezusb, "?usbIsHiSpeed@@YAHXZ"));
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/qma/ezusb.h b/games/qma/ezusb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..89da877
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qma/ezusb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::qma {
+
+    void ezusb_init();
+}
diff --git a/games/qma/io.cpp b/games/qma/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..989a4ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qma/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::qma::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Quiz Magic Academy");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Select",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Select 1",
+                "Select 2",
+                "Left",
+                "Right",
+                "OK",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 1",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 2",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 3",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 4",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 5",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 6",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 7",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 8",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 9",
+                "Touch Keyboard - 0",
+                "Touch Keyboard - -",
+                "Touch Keyboard - Q",
+                "Touch Keyboard - W",
+                "Touch Keyboard - E",
+                "Touch Keyboard - R",
+                "Touch Keyboard - T",
+                "Touch Keyboard - Y",
+                "Touch Keyboard - U",
+                "Touch Keyboard - I",
+                "Touch Keyboard - O",
+                "Touch Keyboard - P",
+                "Touch Keyboard - A",
+                "Touch Keyboard - S",
+                "Touch Keyboard - D",
+                "Touch Keyboard - F",
+                "Touch Keyboard - G",
+                "Touch Keyboard - H",
+                "Touch Keyboard - J",
+                "Touch Keyboard - K",
+                "Touch Keyboard - L",
+                "Touch Keyboard - Z",
+                "Touch Keyboard - X",
+                "Touch Keyboard - C",
+                "Touch Keyboard - V",
+                "Touch Keyboard - B",
+                "Touch Keyboard - N",
+                "Touch Keyboard - M",
+                "Touch Keyboard - Backspace",
+                "Touch Keyboard - Enter"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::qma::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Quiz Magic Academy");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Lamp Red",
+                "Lamp Green",
+                "Lamp Blue",
+                "Button Left",
+                "Button Right",
+                "Button OK"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/qma/io.h b/games/qma/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..364cadd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qma/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::qma {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            Select,
+            CoinMech,
+            Select1,
+            Select2,
+            Left,
+            Right,
+            OK,
+            TouchKey1,
+            TouchKey2,
+            TouchKey3,
+            TouchKey4,
+            TouchKey5,
+            TouchKey6,
+            TouchKey7,
+            TouchKey8,
+            TouchKey9,
+            TouchKey0,
+            TouchKeyDash,
+            TouchKeyQ,
+            TouchKeyW,
+            TouchKeyE,
+            TouchKeyR,
+            TouchKeyT,
+            TouchKeyY,
+            TouchKeyU,
+            TouchKeyI,
+            TouchKeyO,
+            TouchKeyP,
+            TouchKeyA,
+            TouchKeyS,
+            TouchKeyD,
+            TouchKeyF,
+            TouchKeyG,
+            TouchKeyH,
+            TouchKeyJ,
+            TouchKeyK,
+            TouchKeyL,
+            TouchKeyZ,
+            TouchKeyX,
+            TouchKeyC,
+            TouchKeyV,
+            TouchKeyB,
+            TouchKeyN,
+            TouchKeyM,
+            TouchKeyBackspace,
+            TouchKeyEnter
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            LampRed,
+            LampGreen,
+            LampBlue,
+            ButtonLeft,
+            ButtonRight,
+            ButtonOK
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/qma/qma.cpp b/games/qma/qma.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9db9e38
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qma/qma.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "qma.h"
+
+#include <cstring>
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "games/shared/twtouch.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "ezusb.h"
+
+namespace games::qma {
+
+    /**
+     * Overridden touchscreen for attaching the touch hooks to the window.
+     */
+    class QMATouchDevice : public games::shared::TwTouchDevice {
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override {
+
+            // check if device was opened
+            auto result = TwTouchDevice::open(lpFileName);
+            if (result) {
+                if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+
+                    // get game window
+                    HWND wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+                    if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), "QMA")) {
+                        wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith("QMA");
+                    }
+
+                    if (wnd != nullptr) {
+
+                        // get client area
+                        RECT rect {};
+                        GetClientRect(wnd, &rect);
+
+                        // remove style borders
+                        LONG lStyle = GetWindowLong(wnd, GWL_STYLE);
+                        lStyle &= ~(WS_CAPTION | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZE | WS_MAXIMIZE | WS_SYSMENU);
+                        SetWindowLongPtr(wnd, GWL_STYLE, lStyle);
+
+                        // remove ex style borders
+                        LONG lExStyle = GetWindowLong(wnd, GWL_EXSTYLE);
+                        lExStyle &= ~(WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE | WS_EX_STATICEDGE);
+                        SetWindowLongPtr(wnd, GWL_EXSTYLE, lExStyle);
+
+                        // update window
+                        AdjustWindowRect(&rect, lStyle, FALSE);
+                        SetWindowPos(wnd, nullptr,
+                                rect.left, rect.top, rect.right - rect.left, rect.bottom - rect.top,
+                                SWP_FRAMECHANGED | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // attach touch
+                touch_attach_dx_hook();
+
+                // cursor
+                if (!is_touch_available()) {
+                    ShowCursor(true);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // return result
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * The game likes to crash if E:\LMA\quiz13 does not exist.
+     * Therefore we create it when the game tries to access E:\LMA the first time.
+     */
+    namespace dirfix {
+
+        static decltype(CreateFileW) *CreateFileW_real = nullptr;
+
+        static HANDLE WINAPI CreateFileW_Hook(LPCWSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+                                              LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+                                              DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile) {
+
+            // create quiz directory
+            static bool dirs_created = false;
+            if (!dirs_created && _wcsnicmp(lpFileName, L"E:\\LMA", 6) == 0) {
+                fileutils::dir_create_recursive("E:\\LMA\\quiz11");
+                fileutils::dir_create_recursive("E:\\LMA\\quiz13");
+                fileutils::dir_create_recursive("E:\\LMA\\quiz15");
+                dirs_created = true;
+            }
+
+            // return result
+            return CreateFileW_real(lpFileName, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                                    dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+        }
+
+        void apply() {
+            CreateFileW_real = detour::iat_try("CreateFileW", CreateFileW_Hook);
+        }
+    }
+
+    QMAGame::QMAGame() : Game("Quiz Magic Academy") {
+    }
+
+    void QMAGame::pre_attach() {
+        Game::pre_attach();
+
+        // load without resolving references
+        // makes game not trigger DLLMain since that does some EZUSB device stuff
+        LoadLibraryExW((MODULE_PATH / "ezusb.dll").c_str(), nullptr, DONT_RESOLVE_DLL_REFERENCES);
+    }
+
+    void QMAGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // init device hooks
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(new games::shared::LCDHandle());
+        devicehook_add(new games::qma::QMATouchDevice());
+
+        // EZUSB for button input
+        ezusb_init();
+
+        // disable multi-head mode
+        D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE = D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE;
+
+        // directory fix
+        dirfix::apply();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/qma/qma.h b/games/qma/qma.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..895de90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/qma/qma.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::qma {
+
+    class QMAGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        QMAGame();
+        virtual void pre_attach() override;
+        virtual void attach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/rb/io.cpp b/games/rb/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd04f59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rb/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::rb::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Reflec Beat");
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::rb::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Reflec Beat");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Pole R",
+                "Pole G",
+                "Pole B",
+                "Escutcheon R",
+                "Escutcheon G",
+                "Escutcheon B",
+                "Woofer R",
+                "Woofer G",
+                "Woofer B",
+                "Title R",
+                "Title G",
+                "Title B",
+                "Title Up R",
+                "Title Up G",
+                "Title Up B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/rb/io.h b/games/rb/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e119595
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rb/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::rb {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            PoleR,
+            PoleG,
+            PoleB,
+            EscutcheonR,
+            EscutcheonG,
+            EscutcheonB,
+            WooferR,
+            WooferG,
+            WooferB,
+            TitleR,
+            TitleG,
+            TitleB,
+            TitleUpR,
+            TitleUpG,
+            TitleUpB
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/rb/rb.cpp b/games/rb/rb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1b2c7f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rb/rb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#include "rb.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+
+#include "touch.h"
+
+static decltype(SleepEx) *SleepEx_orig;
+
+static DWORD WINAPI SleepEx_hook(DWORD dwMilliseconds, BOOL bAltertable) {
+
+    /*
+     * Increase touch poll from ~110 FPS to ~500 FPS
+     */
+    if (dwMilliseconds == 8) {
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (!initialized) {
+            initialized = true;
+
+            // if we only sleep for 1ms we also don't need the high priority RB sets
+            SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL);
+        }
+        dwMilliseconds = 1;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return SleepEx_orig(dwMilliseconds, bAltertable);
+}
+
+games::rb::RBGame::RBGame() : Game("Reflec Beat") {
+}
+
+void games::rb::RBGame::attach() {
+    Game::attach();
+
+    // init stuff
+    devicehook_init();
+
+    // add touch device
+    devicehook_add(new ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle(false));
+
+    if (avs::game::is_model({"KBR", "LBR"})) {
+        // dsound.dll hook
+        audio_dsound_init();
+    }
+
+    // hooks
+    SleepEx_orig = detour::iat_try("SleepEx", SleepEx_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+}
+
+void games::rb::RBGame::detach() {
+    Game::detach();
+    devicehook_dispose();
+}
diff --git a/games/rb/rb.h b/games/rb/rb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..311a161
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rb/rb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::rb {
+
+    extern uint16_t TOUCH_SCALING;
+
+    class RBGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        RBGame();
+        virtual void attach();
+        virtual void detach();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/rb/touch.cpp b/games/rb/touch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dac0683
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rb/touch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+#include "touch.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+static std::string WINDOW_TITLE = "REFLEC BEAT";
+
+namespace games::rb {
+    uint16_t TOUCH_SCALING = 1000;
+}
+
+games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle(bool log_fps) {
+    this->log_fps = log_fps;
+}
+
+void games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::grid_insert(unsigned char *data, int cursor_x, int cursor_y) {
+
+    // scale to grid position - there are 48 columns and 76 rows of IR sensors.
+    // for whatever reason, the last y row (#75) results in weird input few rows above; just drop it
+    int grid_x = CLAMP((cursor_x * 48) / window_width, 0, 47);
+    int grid_y = CLAMP((cursor_y * 76) / window_height, 0, 74);
+
+    // get bit positions
+    int bit_x = 88 + grid_x;
+    int bit_y = 74 - grid_y;
+
+    // insert bits
+    data[3 + bit_x / 8] |= (char) 1 << (bit_x % 8);
+    data[3 + bit_y / 8] |= (char) 1 << (bit_y % 8);
+}
+
+bool games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM1") != 0) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // attach touch module
+    HWND wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+    if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), WINDOW_TITLE)) {
+        wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(WINDOW_TITLE);
+    }
+
+    if (wnd != nullptr) {
+
+        // reset window process to make the game not crash
+        SetWindowLongPtr(wnd, GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(DefWindowProc));
+
+        // check if windowed
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+
+            // remove style borders
+            LONG lStyle = GetWindowLong(wnd, GWL_STYLE);
+            lStyle &= ~(WS_CAPTION | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZE | WS_MAXIMIZE | WS_SYSMENU);
+            SetWindowLongPtr(wnd, GWL_STYLE, lStyle);
+
+            // remove ex style borders
+            LONG lExStyle = GetWindowLong(wnd, GWL_EXSTYLE);
+            lExStyle &= ~(WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE | WS_EX_STATICEDGE);
+            SetWindowLongPtr(wnd, GWL_EXSTYLE, lExStyle);
+
+            // update window
+            SetWindowPos(wnd, nullptr, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                         SWP_FRAMECHANGED | SWP_NOMOVE | SWP_NOSIZE | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER);
+
+            // create touch window
+            touch_create_wnd(wnd);
+
+        } else {
+
+            // create touch window
+            touch_create_wnd(wnd);
+
+            // show game window because it lost focus
+            ShowWindow(wnd, SW_SHOW);
+        }
+    } else {
+
+        // fallback to dx hook
+        touch_attach_dx_hook();
+    }
+
+    // show cursor on window if mouse is used
+    if (!is_touch_available()) {
+        ShowCursor(TRUE);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+
+    // check buffer size
+    if (nNumberOfBytesToRead < 20) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // get window
+    HWND window = GetForegroundWindow();
+    if (window == nullptr) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // update width and height
+    RECT rect {};
+    GetWindowRect(window, &rect);
+
+    // check for landscape (KBR)
+    bool is_landscape = (rect.right - rect.left) > (rect.bottom - rect.top);
+    if (is_landscape) {
+        window_height = rect.right - rect.left;
+        window_width = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+    } else {
+        window_width = rect.right - rect.left;
+        window_height = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+    }
+
+    // create data
+    unsigned char data[20] {};
+
+    // data header
+    data[0] = 0x55;
+    data[2] = 0x4C;
+   
+    const auto SCALE_FACTOR = games::rb::TOUCH_SCALING / 1000.f;
+
+    // iterate all touch points
+    auto offset_x = (int) (window_width / 48.0 / 3.0);
+    auto offset_y = (int) (window_height / 76.0 / 3.0);
+    std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+    touch_get_points(touch_points);
+    for (auto &point : touch_points) {
+
+        // get touch point coordinates
+        auto x = point.x;
+        auto y = point.y;
+
+        // rotate touch points for KBR as it runs in landscape
+        if (is_landscape) {
+            x = point.y;
+            y = window_height - point.x;
+        }
+
+        // apply scaling
+        x = x - (window_width * (1.f - SCALE_FACTOR) / 2);
+        x = x / SCALE_FACTOR;
+        y = y - (window_height * (1.f - SCALE_FACTOR) / 2);
+        y = y / SCALE_FACTOR;
+
+        if (x < 0 || window_width <= x || y < 0 || window_height <= y) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // point scaling
+        const auto point_x = (int) ((x - window_width / 2.0) * 48.0 / 54.0 + window_width / 2.0);
+        const auto point_y = (int) (y - window_height / 76);
+
+        // insert 9 times with offset to double the precision
+        grid_insert(data, point_x, point_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x - offset_x, point_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x - offset_x, point_y - offset_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x - offset_x, point_y + offset_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x + offset_x, point_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x + offset_x, point_y + offset_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x + offset_x, point_y - offset_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x, point_y - offset_y);
+        grid_insert(data, point_x, point_y + offset_y);
+    }
+
+    // copy data to buffer
+    memcpy(lpBuffer, data, 20);
+
+    // update frame logging
+    if (log_fps) {
+        log_frames++;
+        if (log_time < get_system_seconds()) {
+            if (log_time > 0) {
+                log_info("reflecbeat", "polling at {} touch frames per second", log_frames);
+            }
+            log_frames = 0;
+            log_time = get_system_seconds();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return amount of bytes written
+    return 20;
+}
+
+int games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                                                      LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::rb::ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle::close() {
+
+    // detach touch module
+    touch_detach();
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/rb/touch.h b/games/rb/touch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..83ef49a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rb/touch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::rb {
+
+    class ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+
+        // state
+        int window_width = 1080;
+        int window_height = 1920;
+
+        // logging
+        bool log_fps = false;
+        uint64_t log_time = 0;
+        int log_frames = 0;
+
+        void grid_insert(unsigned char *data, int cursor_x, int cursor_y);
+
+    public:
+
+        ReflecBeatTouchDeviceHandle(bool log_fps);
+
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/rf3d/io.cpp b/games/rf3d/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6eeb646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rf3d/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::rf3d::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Road Fighters 3D");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "View",
+                "2D/3D",
+                "Lever Up",
+                "Lever Down",
+                "Lever Left",
+                "Lever Right",
+                "Wheel Left",
+                "Wheel Right",
+                "Accelerate",
+                "Brake",
+                "Auto Lever Down",
+                "Auto Lever Up"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::rf3d::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Road Fighters 3D");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Wheel",
+                "Accelerate",
+                "Brake"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
diff --git a/games/rf3d/io.h b/games/rf3d/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2cff0f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rf3d/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::rf3d {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            View,
+            Toggle2D3D,
+            LeverUp,
+            LeverDown,
+            LeverLeft,
+            LeverRight,
+            WheelLeft,
+            WheelRight,
+            Accelerate,
+            Brake,
+            AutoLeverDown,
+            AutoLeverUp
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            Wheel,
+            Accelerate,
+            Brake
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+}
diff --git a/games/rf3d/rf3d.cpp b/games/rf3d/rf3d.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d873f2f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rf3d/rf3d.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "rf3d.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+
+games::rf3d::RF3DGame::RF3DGame() : Game("Road Fighters 3D") {
+}
+
+static decltype(GetFileAttributesA)* GetFileAttributesA_orig;
+
+static DWORD __stdcall GetFileAttributesA_hook(LPCSTR lpFileName) {
+
+    if (strcmp(lpFileName, "C:\\WERUNTIME.INI") == 0) {
+        return INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
+    }
+
+    return GetFileAttributesA_orig(lpFileName);
+}
+
+void games::rf3d::RF3DGame::attach() {
+    Game::attach();
+
+    // device hook for JGT-001 redirection
+    devicehook_init();
+
+    // game changes power configurations if C:\WERUNTIME.INI exists
+    GetFileAttributesA_orig = detour::iat_try("GetFileAttributesA", GetFileAttributesA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+}
+
+void games::rf3d::RF3DGame::detach() {
+    Game::detach();
+    devicehook_dispose();
+}
diff --git a/games/rf3d/rf3d.h b/games/rf3d/rf3d.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..80fc6b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/rf3d/rf3d.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::rf3d {
+
+    class RF3DGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        RF3DGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/sc/io.cpp b/games/sc/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9318eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sc/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::sc::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Steel Chronicle");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "L1 Button",
+                "L2 Button",
+                "L Stick Button",
+                "R1 Button",
+                "R2 Button",
+                "R Stick Button",
+                "Jog Switch Left",
+                "Jog Switch Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::sc::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Steel Chronicle");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Left Stick X",
+                "Left Stick Y",
+                "Right Stick X",
+                "Right Stick Y"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::sc::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Steel Chronicle");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Center Red",
+                "Center Green",
+                "Center Blue",
+                "Side Red",
+                "Side Green",
+                "Side Blue",
+                "Controller Red",
+                "Controller Blue"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/sc/io.h b/games/sc/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1ccb83
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sc/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::sc {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            L1,
+            L2,
+            LButton,
+            R1,
+            R2,
+            RButton,
+            JogLeft,
+            JogRight,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            LEFT_X,
+            LEFT_Y,
+            RIGHT_X,
+            RIGHT_Y,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            CenterRed,
+            CenterGreen,
+            CenterBlue,
+            SideRed,
+            SideGreen,
+            SideBlue,
+            ControllerRed,
+            ControllerBlue,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/sc/sc.cpp b/games/sc/sc.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2700c9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sc/sc.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#include "sc.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "hooks/lang.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "games/shared/twtouch.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+
+/**
+ * Overridden touchscreen for attaching the touch hooks to the window.
+ */
+class SCTouchDevice : public games::shared::TwTouchDevice {
+public:
+
+    SCTouchDevice() {
+
+        // match factory calibration setting
+        this->offset_x = -1500;
+        this->offset_y = 3100;
+        this->scale_x = (65535.f + 2500) / 1920.f;
+        this->scale_y = (65535.f - 5800) / 1080.f;
+        this->flip_x = true;
+        this->flip_y = true;
+    }
+
+    bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override {
+
+        // check if device was opened
+        auto result = TwTouchDevice::open(lpFileName);
+        if (result) {
+
+            // attach touch module
+            HWND hWnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), "Graphics")) {
+                hWnd = FindWindowBeginsWith("Graphics");
+            }
+
+            // check window
+            if (hWnd != nullptr) {
+
+                // check if windowed
+                if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+
+                    // remove style borders
+                    LONG lStyle = GetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_STYLE);
+                    lStyle &= ~(WS_CAPTION | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZE | WS_MAXIMIZE | WS_SYSMENU);
+                    SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWL_STYLE, lStyle);
+
+                    // remove ex style borders
+                    LONG lExStyle = GetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_EXSTYLE);
+                    lExStyle &= ~(WS_EX_DLGMODALFRAME | WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE | WS_EX_STATICEDGE);
+                    SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWL_EXSTYLE, lExStyle);
+
+                    // update/move window (Steel Chronicle runs at 1920x1080)
+                    SetWindowPos(hWnd, nullptr, 0, 0, 1920, 1080,
+                                 SWP_FRAMECHANGED | SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOOWNERZORDER);
+                } else {
+
+                    // show game window because it lost focus
+                    ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // use DirectX window for touch events, otherwise game window loses focus and runs at 10 FPS
+            touch_attach_dx_hook();
+
+            // cursor
+            if (!is_touch_available()) {
+                ShowCursor(true);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return result
+        return result;
+    }
+};
+
+static int __cdecl setvolume_stub(const char *set_volume_file) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static decltype(GetFileAttributesA)* GetFileAttributesA_orig;
+
+static DWORD __stdcall GetFileAttributesA_hook(LPCSTR lpFileName) {
+    
+    if (strcmp(lpFileName, "C:\\WERUNTIME.INI") == 0) {
+        return INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES;
+    }
+
+    return GetFileAttributesA_orig(lpFileName);
+}
+
+games::sc::SCGame::SCGame() : Game("Steel Chronicle") {
+}
+
+void games::sc::SCGame::attach() {
+    Game::attach();
+
+    /*
+     * Since there are still some problems when the locale is non-japanese,
+     * we want to warn the user about it.
+     */
+    if (!hooks::lang::is_native_shiftjis()) {
+        switch (MessageBoxA(
+                NULL,
+                "System locale for non-unicode programs not set to Japanese.\n"
+                "This is unsupported and the game will crash at some point.\n"
+                "Google: \"windows japanese non-unicode\"",
+                "Warning",
+                MB_ICONWARNING | MB_OKCANCEL | MB_DEFBUTTON1))
+        {
+            case IDCANCEL:
+                launcher::kill();
+                break;
+            case IDOK:
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add devices
+    devicehook_init();
+    devicehook_add(new games::shared::LCDHandle());
+    devicehook_add(new SCTouchDevice());
+
+    // game code resides in another DLL
+    auto gamekgg = libutils::load_library("gamekgg.dll");
+    devicehook_init(gamekgg);
+    libraryhook_enable(gamekgg);
+
+    // set volume hook - default function causes access violation on some setups
+    auto setvolume_module = libutils::load_library("setvolume.dll");
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) setvolume_stub, libutils::get_proc(setvolume_module, "?setvolume@@YAHPAD@Z"));
+
+    // game changes power configurations if C:\WERUNTIME.INI exists
+    GetFileAttributesA_orig = detour::iat_try("GetFileAttributesA", GetFileAttributesA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+}
+
+void games::sc::SCGame::detach() {
+    Game::detach();
+    devicehook_dispose();
+}
diff --git a/games/sc/sc.h b/games/sc/sc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcda11f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sc/sc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::sc {
+
+    class SCGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        SCGame();
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/scotto/io.cpp b/games/scotto/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b7fe181
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/scotto/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::scotto::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Scotto");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Start",
+                "Up",
+                "Down",
+                "Cup 1",
+                "Cup 2",
+                "First Pad",
+                "Pad A (Left Bottom)",
+                "Pad B (Left Middle)",
+                "Pad C (Left Top)",
+                "Pad D (Right Top)",
+                "Pad E (Right Middle)",
+                "Pad F (Right Bottom)"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::scotto::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Scotto");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "First Pad R",
+                "First Pad G",
+                "First Pad B",
+                "Pad A R",
+                "Pad A G",
+                "Pad A B",
+                "Pad B R",
+                "Pad B G",
+                "Pad B B",
+                "Pad C R",
+                "Pad C G",
+                "Pad C B",
+                "Pad D R",
+                "Pad D G",
+                "Pad D B",
+                "Pad E R",
+                "Pad E G",
+                "Pad E B",
+                "Pad F R",
+                "Pad F G",
+                "Pad F B",
+                "Cup R",
+                "Cup G",
+                "Cup B",
+                "Button"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/scotto/io.h b/games/scotto/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ee1033
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/scotto/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::scotto {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Start,
+            Up,
+            Down,
+            Cup1,
+            Cup2,
+            FirstPad,
+            PadA,
+            PadB,
+            PadC,
+            PadD,
+            PadE,
+            PadF,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            FIRST_PAD_R,
+            FIRST_PAD_G,
+            FIRST_PAD_B,
+            PAD_A_R,
+            PAD_A_G,
+            PAD_A_B,
+            PAD_B_R,
+            PAD_B_G,
+            PAD_B_B,
+            PAD_C_R,
+            PAD_C_G,
+            PAD_C_B,
+            PAD_D_R,
+            PAD_D_G,
+            PAD_D_B,
+            PAD_E_R,
+            PAD_E_G,
+            PAD_E_B,
+            PAD_F_R,
+            PAD_F_G,
+            PAD_F_B,
+            CUP_R,
+            CUP_G,
+            CUP_B,
+            BUTTON,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/scotto/scotto.cpp b/games/scotto/scotto.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d25924
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/scotto/scotto.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "scotto.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::scotto {
+
+    ScottoGame::ScottoGame() : Game("Scotto") {
+    }
+
+    void ScottoGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // scotto has a flipped numpad
+        acio::ICCA_FLIP_ROWS = !acio::ICCA_FLIP_ROWS;
+    }
+
+    void ScottoGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/scotto/scotto.h b/games/scotto/scotto.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f727cb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/scotto/scotto.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::scotto {
+
+    class ScottoGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        ScottoGame();
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/bi2x_hook.cpp b/games/sdvx/bi2x_hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50d8601
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/bi2x_hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,413 @@
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
+#include "util/tapeled.h"
+#include "acioemu/icca.h"
+
+namespace games::sdvx {
+    constexpr bool BI2X_PASSTHROUGH = false;
+    bool BI2X_INITIALIZED = false;
+
+    /*
+     * class definitions
+     */
+
+    struct AC_HNDLIF {
+        // dummy
+        uint8_t data[0x10];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_NMGR_IOB2 {
+        uint8_t dummy0[0x50];
+        void (__fastcall *pAIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManage)(int64_t a1);
+        uint8_t dummy1[0x9A0];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC {
+        // who knows
+        uint8_t data[0x13F8];
+    };
+
+    struct AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__DEVSTATUS {
+        // of course you could work with variables here
+        uint8_t buffer[0x19E];
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * typedefs
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    typedef AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create_t)(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *nmgr, int a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__GetDeviceStatus_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__DEVSTATUS *a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__IoReset_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            unsigned int a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetWatchDogTimer_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This, uint8_t a2);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__ControlCoinBlocker_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            uint64_t index, uint8_t state);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__AddCounter_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            unsigned int a2, unsigned int a3);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetIccrLed_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This, uint32_t color);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetPlayerButtonLamp_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            int button, uint8_t state);
+    typedef void (__fastcall *AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetTapeLedData_t)(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint8_t *data);
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    typedef AC_HNDLIF* (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t)(uint8_t device_num);
+    typedef int64_t (__fastcall *aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t)(int64_t a1);
+    typedef AIO_NMGR_IOB2** (__fastcall *aioNMgrIob2_Create_t)(AC_HNDLIF *a1, unsigned int a2);
+
+    /*
+     * function pointers
+     */
+
+    // libaio-iob2_video.dll
+    static aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create_t aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__GetDeviceStatus_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__GetDeviceStatus_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__IoReset_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__IoReset_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetWatchDogTimer_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetWatchDogTimer_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__ControlCoinBlocker_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__ControlCoinBlocker_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__AddCounter_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__AddCounter_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetIccrLed_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetIccrLed_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetPlayerButtonLamp_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetPlayerButtonLamp_orig = nullptr;
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetTapeLedData_t AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetTapeLedData_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // libaio-iob.dll
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_t aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_t aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig = nullptr;
+    static aioNMgrIob2_Create_t aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig = nullptr;
+
+    /*
+     * variables
+     */
+
+    AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *custom_node = nullptr;
+    AC_HNDLIF *acHndlif = nullptr;
+    AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *aioNmgrIob2 = nullptr;
+    // state
+    static uint8_t count = 0;
+    static uint16_t VOL_L = 0;
+    static uint16_t VOL_R = 0;
+
+    /*
+     * implementations
+     */
+
+    static AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create(AIO_NMGR_IOB2 *nmgr, int a2) {
+        if (!BI2X_PASSTHROUGH) {
+            custom_node = new AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC;
+            memset(&custom_node->data, 0, sizeof(custom_node->data));
+            return custom_node;
+        } else {
+
+            // call original
+            return aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create_orig(nmgr, a2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__GetDeviceStatus(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__DEVSTATUS *status) {
+
+        // flush raw input
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+        // check handle
+        if (This == custom_node) {
+
+            // clear input data
+            memset(status, 0x00, sizeof(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__DEVSTATUS));
+        } else {
+
+            // get data from real device
+            AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__GetDeviceStatus_orig(This, status);
+        }
+
+        status->buffer[0] = count;
+        status->buffer[12] = count;
+        count++;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        // control buttons
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Test]))
+            status->buffer[18] = 0x01;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Service]))
+            status->buffer[19] = 0x01;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::CoinMech]))
+            status->buffer[20] = 0x01;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Start]))
+            status->buffer[316] |= 0x01;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::BT_A]))
+            status->buffer[316] |= 0x02;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::BT_B]))
+            status->buffer[316] |= 0x04;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::BT_C]))
+            status->buffer[316] |= 0x08;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::BT_D]))
+            status->buffer[316] |= 0x10;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::FX_L]))
+            status->buffer[316] |= 0x20;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::FX_R]))
+            status->buffer[316] |= 0x40;
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::Headphone]))
+            status->buffer[22] = 0x01;
+
+        // volume left
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::VOL_L_Left])) {
+            VOL_L -= ((uint16_t)DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS * 4);
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::VOL_L_Right])) {
+            VOL_L += ((uint16_t)DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS * 4);
+        }
+
+        // volume right
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::VOL_R_Left])) {
+            VOL_R -= ((uint16_t)DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS * 4);
+        }
+        if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons[Buttons::VOL_R_Right])) {
+            VOL_R += ((uint16_t)DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS * 4);
+        }
+
+        // update volumes
+        auto &analogs = get_analogs();
+        auto vol_left = VOL_L;
+        auto vol_right = VOL_R;
+        if (analogs[0].isSet() || analogs[1].isSet()) {
+            vol_left += (uint16_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::VOL_L]) * 65535);
+            vol_right += (uint16_t) (GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs[Analogs::VOL_R]) * 65535);
+        }
+
+        *((uint16_t*) &status->buffer[312]) = vol_left;
+        *((uint16_t*) &status->buffer[314]) = vol_right;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__IoReset(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            unsigned int a2)
+    {
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__IoReset_orig(This, a2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetWatchDogTimer(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            uint8_t a2)
+    {
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+
+            // comment this out if you want to disable the BI2X watchdog timer
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetWatchDogTimer_orig(This, a2);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__ControlCoinBlocker(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            uint64_t index, uint8_t state) {
+
+        // coin blocker is closed when state is zero
+        eamuse_coin_set_block(state == 0);
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__ControlCoinBlocker_orig(This, index, state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__AddCounter(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            unsigned int a2, unsigned int a3)
+    {
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__AddCounter_orig(This, a2, a3);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetIccrLed(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This, uint32_t color)
+    {
+        uint32_t col_r = (color & 0xFF0000) >> 16;
+        uint32_t col_g = (color & 0x00FF00) >> 8;
+        uint32_t col_b = (color & 0x0000FF) >> 0;
+
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_R], col_r / 255.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_G], col_g / 255.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::ICCR_B], col_b / 255.f);
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetIccrLed_orig(This, color);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetPlayerButtonLamp(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            int button, uint8_t state)
+    {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        /**
+         * button
+         * 0: START, 1: BT_A, 2: BT_B, 3: BT_C, 4: BT_D, 5: FX_L, 6: FX_R
+         *
+         * state
+         * 0: ON, 1: OFF
+         */
+        if (button == 0) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::START], state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        } else {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::BT_A + button - 1], state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        }
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetPlayerButtonLamp_orig(This, button, state);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetTapeLedData(AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC *This,
+            unsigned int index, uint8_t *data)
+    {
+        /*
+         * index mapping
+         * 0 - title - 222 bytes - 74 colors
+         * 1 - upper left speaker - 36 bytes - 12 colors
+         * 2 - upper right speaker - 36 bytes - 12 colors
+         * 3 - left wing - 168 bytes - 56 colors
+         * 4 - right wing - 168 bytes - 56 colors
+         * 5 - control panel - 282 bytes - 94 colors
+         * 6 - lower left speaker - 36 bytes - 12 colors
+         * 7 - lower right speaker - 36 bytes - 12 colors
+         * 8 - woofer - 42 bytes - 14 colors
+         * 9 - v unit - 258 bytes - 86 colors
+         *
+         * data is stored in RGB order, 3 bytes per color
+         *
+         * TODO: expose this data via API
+         */
+
+        // data mapping
+        static struct TapeLedMapping {
+            size_t data_size;
+            int index_r, index_g, index_b;
+
+            TapeLedMapping(size_t data_size, int index_r, int index_g, int index_b)
+                    : data_size(data_size), index_r(index_r), index_g(index_g), index_b(index_b) {}
+
+        } mapping[] = {
+                { 74, Lights::TITLE_AVG_R, Lights::TITLE_AVG_G, Lights::TITLE_AVG_B },
+                { 12, Lights::UPPER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_R, Lights::UPPER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_G, Lights::UPPER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_B },
+                { 12, Lights::UPPER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_R, Lights::UPPER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_G, Lights::UPPER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_B },
+                { 56, Lights::LEFT_WING_AVG_R, Lights::LEFT_WING_AVG_G, Lights::LEFT_WING_AVG_B },
+                { 56, Lights::RIGHT_WING_AVG_R, Lights::RIGHT_WING_AVG_G, Lights::RIGHT_WING_AVG_B },
+                { 94, Lights::CONTROL_PANEL_AVG_R, Lights::CONTROL_PANEL_AVG_G, Lights::CONTROL_PANEL_AVG_B },
+                { 12, Lights::LOWER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_R, Lights::LOWER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_G, Lights::LOWER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_B },
+                { 12, Lights::LOWER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_R, Lights::LOWER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_G, Lights::LOWER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_B },
+                { 14, Lights::WOOFER_AVG_R, Lights::WOOFER_AVG_G, Lights::WOOFER_AVG_B },
+                { 86, Lights::V_UNIT_AVG_R, Lights::V_UNIT_AVG_G, Lights::V_UNIT_AVG_B },
+        };
+
+        // check index bounds
+        if (tapeledutils::is_enabled() && index < std::size(mapping)) {
+            auto &map = mapping[index];
+
+            // pick a color to use
+            const auto rgb = tapeledutils::pick_color_from_led_tape(data, map.data_size);
+
+            // program the lights into API
+            auto &lights = get_lights();
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_r], rgb.r);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_g], rgb.g);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[map.index_b], rgb.b);
+        }
+
+        if (This != custom_node) {
+            // send tape data to real device
+            return AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetTapeLedData_orig(This, index, data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static AC_HNDLIF* __fastcall aioIob2Bi2X_OpenSciUsbCdc(uint8_t device_num) {
+        if (acHndlif == nullptr) {
+            acHndlif = new AC_HNDLIF;
+            memset(acHndlif->data, 0x0, sizeof(acHndlif->data));
+        }
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc");
+        return acHndlif;
+    }
+
+    static void __fastcall AIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManageStub(int64_t a1) {
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "AIO_NMGR_IOB::BeginManage");
+    }
+
+    static AIO_NMGR_IOB2** __fastcall aioNMgrIob2_Create(AC_HNDLIF *a1, unsigned int a2) {
+        if (aioNmgrIob2 == nullptr) {
+            aioNmgrIob2 = new AIO_NMGR_IOB2;
+            memset(aioNmgrIob2, 0x0, sizeof(AIO_NMGR_IOB2));
+            aioNmgrIob2->pAIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManage = AIO_NMGR_IOB_BeginManageStub;
+        }
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioNMgrIob2_Create");
+        BI2X_INITIALIZED = true;
+
+        // enable hack to make PIN pad work for KFC in BI2X mode
+        // this explicit check in the I/O init path is necessary
+        // (as opposed to just doing a check for "isValkyrieCabMode?")
+        // because there are hex edits that allow you to use legacy (KFC/BIO2) IO while in Valk mode
+        acioemu::ICCA_DEVICE_HACK = true;
+        return &aioNmgrIob2;
+    }
+
+    static int64_t __fastcall aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState(int64_t a1) {
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState");
+        return 8;
+    }
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init() {
+        
+        // avoid double init
+        static bool initialized = false;
+        if (initialized) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        // announce
+        log_info("bi2x_hook", "init");
+
+        // hook IOB2 video
+        const auto libaioIob2VideoDll = "libaio-iob2_video.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create",
+                aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create, &aioIob2Bi2xUFC_Create_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?GetDeviceStatus@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEBAXAEAUDEVSTATUS@1@@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__GetDeviceStatus, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__GetDeviceStatus_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?IoReset@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__IoReset, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__IoReset_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetWatchDogTimer@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEAAXE@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetWatchDogTimer, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetWatchDogTimer_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?ControlCoinBlocker@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEAAXI_N@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__ControlCoinBlocker, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__ControlCoinBlocker_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?AddCounter@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEAAXII@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__AddCounter, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__AddCounter_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetIccrLed@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEAAXI@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetIccrLed, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetIccrLed_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetPlayerButtonLamp@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEAAXI_N@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetPlayerButtonLamp, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetPlayerButtonLamp_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIob2VideoDll, "?SetTapeLedData@AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC@@QEAAXIPEBX@Z",
+                AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetTapeLedData, &AIO_IOB2_BI2X_UFC__SetTapeLedData_orig);
+
+        // hook IOB
+        const auto libaioIobDll = "libaio-iob.dll";
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc",
+                aioIob2Bi2X_OpenSciUsbCdc, &aioIob2Bi2x_OpenSciUsbCdc_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState",
+                aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState, &aioIob2Bi2x_WriteFirmGetState_orig);
+        detour::trampoline_try(libaioIobDll, "aioNMgrIob2_Create",
+                aioNMgrIob2_Create, &aioNMgrIob2_Create_orig);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/bi2x_hook.h b/games/sdvx/bi2x_hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb29d1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/bi2x_hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::sdvx {
+
+    void bi2x_hook_init();
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/camera.cpp b/games/sdvx/camera.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..20762e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/camera.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+
+// set version to Windows 7 to enable Media Foundation functions
+#ifdef _WIN32_WINNT
+#undef _WIN32_WINNT
+#endif
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
+
+// turn on C-style COM objects
+#define CINTERFACE
+
+#include "camera.h"
+
+#include <mfobjects.h>
+#include <mfidl.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/cfgmgr32hook.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+static VTBL_TYPE(IMFActivate, GetAllocatedString) GetAllocatedString_orig = nullptr;
+
+static decltype(MFEnumDeviceSources) *MFEnumDeviceSources_orig = nullptr;
+
+namespace games::sdvx {
+
+    static std::wstring CAMERA0_ID;
+
+    static HRESULT WINAPI GetAllocatedString_hook(IMFActivate* This, REFGUID guidKey, LPWSTR *ppwszValue,
+                                                  UINT32 *pcchLength) {
+        // call the original
+        HRESULT result = GetAllocatedString_orig(This, guidKey, ppwszValue, pcchLength);
+
+        // try first camera
+        wchar_t *pwc = nullptr;
+        if (CAMERA0_ID.length() == 23)
+            pwc = wcsstr(*ppwszValue, CAMERA0_ID.c_str());
+
+        // check if camera could be identified
+        if (pwc) {
+
+            // fake the USB IDs
+            pwc[4] = L'2';
+            pwc[5] = L'8';
+            pwc[6] = L'8';
+            pwc[7] = L'c';
+            pwc[13] = L'0';
+            pwc[14] = L'0';
+            pwc[15] = L'0';
+            pwc[16] = L'2';
+            pwc[21] = L'0';
+            pwc[22] = L'0';
+        }
+
+        // return original result
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    static void hook_camera(IMFActivate* camera, size_t no, std::wstring camera_id, std::string camera_instance) {
+
+        // don't hook if camera 0 is already hooked
+        if (CAMERA0_ID.length() > 0)
+            return;
+
+        // save the camera ID
+        CAMERA0_ID = camera_id;
+
+        // cfgmgr hook
+        CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTING camera_setting;
+        camera_setting.device_instance = 0xDEADBEEF;
+        camera_setting.parent_instance = ~camera_setting.device_instance;
+        camera_setting.device_id = "USB\\VEN_1022&DEV_7908";
+        camera_setting.device_node_id = "USB\\VID_288C&PID_0002&MI_00\\?&????????&?&????";
+        if (camera_instance.length() == 17) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < 17; i++) {
+                camera_setting.device_node_id[28 + i] = camera_instance[i];
+            }
+        }
+        cfgmgr32hook_add(camera_setting);
+
+        // save original method for later use
+        if (GetAllocatedString_orig == nullptr) {
+            GetAllocatedString_orig = camera->lpVtbl->GetAllocatedString;
+        }
+
+        // hook allocated string method for camera identification
+        memutils::VProtectGuard camera_guard(camera->lpVtbl);
+        camera->lpVtbl->GetAllocatedString = GetAllocatedString_hook;
+    }
+
+    static HRESULT WINAPI MFEnumDeviceSources_hook(IMFAttributes *pAttributes, IMFActivate ***pppSourceActivate,
+            UINT32 *pcSourceActivate) {
+
+        // call original function
+        HRESULT result_orig = MFEnumDeviceSources_orig(pAttributes, pppSourceActivate, pcSourceActivate);
+
+        // check for capture devices
+        if (FAILED(result_orig) || !*pcSourceActivate) {
+            return result_orig;
+        }
+
+        // iterate cameras
+        size_t cam_hook_num = 0;
+        for (size_t cam_num = 0; cam_num < *pcSourceActivate && cam_hook_num < 1; cam_num++) {
+
+            // flip
+            size_t cam_num_flipped = cam_num;
+
+            // get camera link
+            IMFActivate *camera = (*pppSourceActivate)[cam_num_flipped];
+            LPWSTR camera_link_lpwstr;
+            UINT32 camera_link_length;
+            if (SUCCEEDED(camera->lpVtbl->GetAllocatedString(
+                    camera,
+                    MF_DEVSOURCE_ATTRIBUTE_SOURCE_TYPE_VIDCAP_SYMBOLIC_LINK,
+                    &camera_link_lpwstr,
+                    &camera_link_length))) {
+
+                // cut name to make ID
+                std::wstring camera_link_ws = std::wstring(camera_link_lpwstr);
+                std::wstring camera_id = camera_link_ws.substr(8, 23);
+
+                // get camera instance
+                std::string camera_link = ws2s(camera_link_ws);
+                std::string camera_instance = camera_link.substr(32, 17);
+
+                // hook the camera
+                hook_camera(camera, cam_hook_num, camera_id, camera_instance);
+
+                // increase camera hook number
+                cam_hook_num++;
+
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return result
+        return result_orig;
+    }
+
+    void camera_init() {
+
+        // camera media framework hook
+        MFEnumDeviceSources_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "MFEnumDeviceSources", MFEnumDeviceSources_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/camera.h b/games/sdvx/camera.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..35300e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/camera.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::sdvx {
+
+    void camera_init();
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/io.cpp b/games/sdvx/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa55835
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::sdvx::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Sound Voltex");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "BT-A",
+                "BT-B",
+                "BT-C",
+                "BT-D",
+                "FX-L",
+                "FX-R",
+                "Start",
+                "VOL-L Left",
+                "VOL-L Right",
+                "VOL-R Left",
+                "VOL-R Right",
+                "Headphone"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::sdvx::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Sound Voltex");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "VOL-L",
+                "VOL-R"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::sdvx::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Sound Voltex");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "BT-A",
+                "BT-B",
+                "BT-C",
+                "BT-D",
+                "FX-L",
+                "FX-R",
+                "Start",
+                "Wing Left Up R",
+                "Wing Left Up G",
+                "Wing Left Up B",
+                "Wing Right Up R",
+                "Wing Right Up G",
+                "Wing Right Up B",
+                "Wing Left Low R",
+                "Wing Left Low G",
+                "Wing Left Low B",
+                "Wing Right Low R",
+                "Wing Right Low G",
+                "Wing Right Low B",
+                "Woofer R",
+                "Woofer G",
+                "Woofer B",
+                "Controller R",
+                "Controller G",
+                "Controller B",
+                "Generator R",
+                "Generator G",
+                "Generator B",
+                "Pop",
+                "Title Left",
+                "Title Right",
+                "Volume Sound",
+                "Volume Headphone",
+                "Volume External",
+                "Volume Woofer",
+                "IC Card Reader R",
+                "IC Card Reader G",
+                "IC Card Reader B",
+                "Title Avg R",
+                "Title Avg G",
+                "Title Avg B",
+                "Upper Left Speaker Avg R",
+                "Upper Left Speaker Avg G",
+                "Upper Left Speaker Avg B",
+                "Upper Right Speaker Avg R",
+                "Upper Right Speaker Avg G",
+                "Upper Right Speaker Avg B",
+                "Left Wing Avg R",
+                "Left Wing Avg G",
+                "Left Wing Avg B",
+                "Right Wing Avg R",
+                "Right Wing Avg G",
+                "Right Wing Avg B",
+                "Lower Left Speaker Avg R",
+                "Lower Left Speaker Avg G",
+                "Lower Left Speaker Avg B",
+                "Lower Right Speaker Avg R",
+                "Lower Right Speaker Avg G",
+                "Lower Right Speaker Avg B",
+                "Control Panel Avg R",
+                "Control Panel Avg G",
+                "Control Panel Avg B",
+                "Woofer Avg R",
+                "Woofer Avg G",
+                "Woofer Avg B",
+                "V Unit Avg R",
+                "V Unit Avg G",
+                "V Unit Avg B"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/io.h b/games/sdvx/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..114f781
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::sdvx {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            BT_A,
+            BT_B,
+            BT_C,
+            BT_D,
+            FX_L,
+            FX_R,
+            Start,
+            VOL_L_Left,
+            VOL_L_Right,
+            VOL_R_Left,
+            VOL_R_Right,
+            Headphone,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            VOL_L,
+            VOL_R,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            BT_A,
+            BT_B,
+            BT_C,
+            BT_D,
+            FX_L,
+            FX_R,
+            START,
+            WING_LEFT_UP_R,
+            WING_LEFT_UP_G,
+            WING_LEFT_UP_B,
+            WING_RIGHT_UP_R,
+            WING_RIGHT_UP_G,
+            WING_RIGHT_UP_B,
+            WING_LEFT_LOW_R,
+            WING_LEFT_LOW_G,
+            WING_LEFT_LOW_B,
+            WING_RIGHT_LOW_R,
+            WING_RIGHT_LOW_G,
+            WING_RIGHT_LOW_B,
+            WOOFER_R,
+            WOOFER_G,
+            WOOFER_B,
+            CONTROLLER_R,
+            CONTROLLER_G,
+            CONTROLLER_B,
+            GENERATOR_R,
+            GENERATOR_G,
+            GENERATOR_B,
+            POP,
+            TITLE_LEFT,
+            TITLE_RIGHT,
+            VOLUME_SOUND,
+            VOLUME_HEADPHONE,
+            VOLUME_EXTERNAL,
+            VOLUME_WOOFER,
+            ICCR_R,
+            ICCR_G,
+            ICCR_B,
+            TITLE_AVG_R,
+            TITLE_AVG_G,
+            TITLE_AVG_B,
+            UPPER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_R,
+            UPPER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_G,
+            UPPER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_B,
+            UPPER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_R,
+            UPPER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_G,
+            UPPER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_B,
+            LEFT_WING_AVG_R,
+            LEFT_WING_AVG_G,
+            LEFT_WING_AVG_B,
+            RIGHT_WING_AVG_R,
+            RIGHT_WING_AVG_G,
+            RIGHT_WING_AVG_B,
+            LOWER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_R,
+            LOWER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_G,
+            LOWER_LEFT_SPEAKER_AVG_B,
+            LOWER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_R,
+            LOWER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_G,
+            LOWER_RIGHT_SPEAKER_AVG_B,
+            CONTROL_PANEL_AVG_R,
+            CONTROL_PANEL_AVG_G,
+            CONTROL_PANEL_AVG_B,
+            WOOFER_AVG_R,
+            WOOFER_AVG_G,
+            WOOFER_AVG_B,
+            V_UNIT_AVG_R,
+            V_UNIT_AVG_G,
+            V_UNIT_AVG_B,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/sdvx.cpp b/games/sdvx/sdvx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8d9452
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/sdvx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,466 @@
+#include "sdvx.h"
+
+#include <external/robin_hood.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.h"
+#include "hooks/powrprof.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "hooks/winuser.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "bi2x_hook.h"
+#include "camera.h"
+#include "io.h"
+#include "acioemu/handle.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+
+static decltype(RegCloseKey) *RegCloseKey_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegEnumKeyA) *RegEnumKeyA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegOpenKeyA) *RegOpenKeyA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegOpenKeyExA) *RegOpenKeyExA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegQueryValueExA) *RegQueryValueExA_orig = nullptr;
+
+namespace games::sdvx {
+
+    // constants
+    const HKEY PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE = reinterpret_cast<HKEY>(0x3001);
+    const HKEY DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE = reinterpret_cast<HKEY>(0x3002);
+    const char *ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME = "XONAR SOUND CARD(64)";
+
+    // settings
+    bool DISABLECAMS = false;
+    bool NATIVETOUCH = false;
+    uint8_t DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS = 16;
+    SdvxOverlayPosition OVERLAY_POS = SDVX_OVERLAY_BOTTOM;
+    bool ENABLE_COM_PORT_SCAN_HOOK = false;
+
+    std::optional<std::string> SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER = std::nullopt;
+
+    // states
+    static HKEY real_asio_reg_handle = nullptr;
+    static HKEY real_asio_device_reg_handle = nullptr;
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegOpenKeyA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpSubKey, PHKEY phkResult) {
+        if (lpSubKey != nullptr && phkResult != nullptr) {
+            if (hKey == HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE &&
+                    ASIO_DRIVER.has_value() &&
+                    _stricmp(lpSubKey, "software\\asio") == 0)
+            {
+                *phkResult = PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE;
+
+                return RegOpenKeyA_orig(hKey, lpSubKey, &real_asio_reg_handle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return RegOpenKeyA_orig(hKey, lpSubKey, phkResult);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegOpenKeyExA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpSubKey, DWORD ulOptions, REGSAM samDesired,
+            PHKEY phkResult)
+    {
+        // ASIO hook
+        if (lpSubKey != nullptr && phkResult != nullptr) {
+            if (hKey == PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE &&
+                    ASIO_DRIVER.has_value() &&
+                    _stricmp(lpSubKey, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME) == 0)
+            {
+                *phkResult = DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE;
+
+                log_info("sdvx::asio", "replacing '{}' with '{}'", lpSubKey, ASIO_DRIVER.value());
+
+                return RegOpenKeyExA_orig(real_asio_reg_handle, ASIO_DRIVER.value().c_str(), ulOptions, samDesired,
+                        &real_asio_device_reg_handle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // COM hook
+        if (ENABLE_COM_PORT_SCAN_HOOK &&
+            lpSubKey != nullptr && phkResult != nullptr &&
+	        _stricmp(lpSubKey, "HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\SERIALCOMM") == 0) {
+            log_info("sdvx::io", "failing HKLM\\HARDWARE\\DEVICEMAP\\SERIALCOMM to force COM1 ICCA");
+            return 2; //ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND
+        }
+
+        return RegOpenKeyExA_orig(hKey, lpSubKey, ulOptions, samDesired, phkResult);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegEnumKeyA_hook(HKEY hKey, DWORD dwIndex, LPSTR lpName, DWORD cchName) {
+        if (hKey == PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE && ASIO_DRIVER.has_value()) {
+            if (dwIndex == 0) {
+                auto ret = RegEnumKeyA_orig(real_asio_reg_handle, dwIndex, lpName, cchName);
+
+                if (ret == ERROR_SUCCESS && lpName != nullptr) {
+                    log_info("sdvx::asio", "stubbing '{}' with '{}'", lpName, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME);
+
+                    strncpy(lpName, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME, cchName);
+                }
+
+                return ret;
+            } else {
+                return ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return RegEnumKeyA_orig(hKey, dwIndex, lpName, cchName);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegQueryValueExA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCTSTR lpValueName, LPDWORD lpReserved, LPDWORD lpType,
+            LPBYTE lpData, LPDWORD lpcbData)
+    {
+        if (lpValueName != nullptr && lpData != nullptr && lpcbData != nullptr) {
+            if (hKey == DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE && ASIO_DRIVER.has_value()) {
+                log_info("sdvx::asio", "RegQueryValueExA({}, \"{}\")", fmt::ptr((void *) hKey), lpValueName);
+
+                if (_stricmp(lpValueName, "Description") == 0) {
+                    // sdvx does a comparison against hardcoded string "XONAR SOUND CARD(64)" (same as iidx31)
+                    // so what's in the registry must be overridden with "XONAR SOUND CARD(64)"
+                    // otherwise you end up with this error: M:BMSoundLib: ASIODriver: No such driver
+                    memcpy(lpData, ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME, strlen(ORIGINAL_ASIO_DEVICE_NAME) + 1);
+
+                    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+                } else {
+                    hKey = real_asio_device_reg_handle;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // fallback
+        return RegQueryValueExA_orig(hKey, lpValueName, lpReserved, lpType, lpData, lpcbData);
+    }
+
+    static LONG WINAPI RegCloseKey_hook(HKEY hKey) {
+        if (hKey == PARENT_ASIO_REG_HANDLE || hKey == DEVICE_ASIO_REG_HANDLE) {
+            return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+        }
+
+        return RegCloseKey_orig(hKey);
+    }
+
+    SDVXGame::SDVXGame() : Game("Sound Voltex") {
+    }
+
+    static LPWSTR __stdcall GetCommandLineW_hook() {
+        static std::wstring lp_args = L"bootstrap.exe prop\\bootstrap.xml";
+        return lp_args.data();
+    }
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    static bool sdvx64_spam_remover(void *user, const std::string &data, logger::Style style, std::string &out) {
+        if (data.empty() || data[0] != '[') {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (data.find("W:afpu-package: XE592acd000040 texture id invalid") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (data.find("W:afpu-package: XE592acd000042 texture id invalid") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (data.find("W:CTexture: no such texture: id 0") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (data.find("M:autoDj: DEF phrase ") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (data.find("W:afp-access: afp_mc_deep_goto_play frame no error") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (data.find("W:afputils: CDirectX::SetRenderState") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        if (data.find("W:CameraTexture: Camera error was detected. (err,detail) = (0,0)") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        // M:AppConfig: [env/APPDATA]=C:\Users\username\AppData\Roaming
+        if (data.find("M:AppConfig: [env/") != std::string::npos) {
+            out = "";
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    typedef void **(__fastcall *volume_set_t)(uint64_t, uint64_t, uint64_t);
+    static volume_set_t volume_set_orig = nullptr;
+    static void **__fastcall volume_set_hook(uint64_t vol_sound, uint64_t vol_woofer, uint64_t vol_headphone) {
+
+        // volume level conversion tables
+        static uint8_t SOUND_VOLUMES[] = {
+                4, 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69, 71,
+                73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84,
+                85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96,
+        };
+        static uint8_t WOOFER_VOLUMES[] = {
+                4, 70, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80,
+                81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
+                91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 100,
+        };
+        static uint8_t HEADPHONE_VOLUMES[] = {
+                4, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 76, 78,
+                80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
+                91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 100,
+        };
+
+        // apply volumes
+        auto &format = hooks::audio::FORMAT.Format;
+        auto &lights = games::sdvx::get_lights();
+        if (format.nChannels == 6 || vol_sound != 30) {
+            if (vol_sound < std::size(SOUND_VOLUMES) && vol_sound != 30) {
+                float value = (float) SOUND_VOLUMES[vol_sound] * 0.01f;
+                GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::VOLUME_SOUND], value);
+            }
+        }
+        if (vol_woofer < std::size(WOOFER_VOLUMES)) {
+            float value = (float) WOOFER_VOLUMES[vol_woofer] * 0.01f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::VOLUME_WOOFER], value);
+        }
+        if (vol_headphone < std::size(HEADPHONE_VOLUMES)) {
+            float value = (float) HEADPHONE_VOLUMES[vol_headphone] * 0.01f;
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[Lights::VOLUME_HEADPHONE], value);
+        }
+
+        // call original function to set volumes for the 6ch mode
+        return volume_set_orig(format.nChannels == 6 ? vol_sound : 30, vol_woofer, vol_headphone);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    void SDVXGame::pre_attach() {
+        // for whatever reason, sdvx latches onto cards for much longer than other games
+        // needed because the game waits forever on the game over screen until a card is not detected
+        AUTO_INSERT_CARD_COOLDOWN = 15.f;
+        // check bad model name
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && avs::game::is_model("UFC")) {
+            log_fatal(
+                "sdvx",
+                "BAD MODEL NAME ERROR\n\n\n"
+                "!!! model name set to UFC, this is WRONG and will break your game !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! If you are trying to boot Valkyrie Model,                     !!!\n"
+                "!!! change <spec> from F to G.                                    !!!\n"
+                "!!!                                                               !!!\n"
+                "!!! model name set to UFC, this is WRONG and will break your game !!!\n\n\n"
+                );
+        }   
+    }
+
+    void SDVXGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+#ifdef SPICE64 // SDVX5+ specific code
+        bool isValkyrieCabinetMode = avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'G' || avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'H';
+
+        // LCD handle
+        if (!isValkyrieCabinetMode) {
+            devicehook_init();
+            devicehook_add(new games::shared::LCDHandle());
+        }
+#else
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(new games::shared::LCDHandle());
+#endif
+        hooks::sleep::init(1000, 1);
+
+        // hooks for chinese SDVX
+        if (libutils::try_module("unisintr.dll")) {
+            detour::iat_try("GetCommandLineW", GetCommandLineW_hook);
+
+            // skip 30 second timeout after NETWORK DEVICE check
+            replace_pattern(
+                    avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE,
+                    "89F528003D????0000",
+                    "89F528003D01000000",
+                    0, 0);
+        }
+
+#ifdef SPICE64 // SDVX5+ specific code
+
+        // check for new I/O DLL
+        auto aio = libutils::try_library("libaio.dll");
+        if (aio != nullptr) {
+
+            // enable 9on12 for AMD
+            if (!libutils::try_library("nvapi64.dll")) {
+                log_info(
+                    "sdvx",
+                    "nvapi64.dll not found; for non-NVIDIA GPUs, requesting 9on12 to be enabled");
+                GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_REQUESTED_BY_GAME = true;
+            } else {
+                // don't let nvapi mess with display settings
+                nvapi_hook::initialize(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+            }
+
+            // check for Valkyrie cabinet mode
+            if (isValkyrieCabinetMode) {
+                // hook touch window
+                // in windowed mode, game can accept mouse input on the second screen
+                if (!NATIVETOUCH && !GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                    wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
+                    wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = true;
+                    wintouchemu::hook_title_ends(
+                            "SOUND VOLTEX",
+                            "Main Screen",
+                            avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+                }
+
+                // insert BI2X hooks
+                bi2x_hook_init();
+
+                // add card readers
+                devicehook_init(aio);
+                devicehook_add(new acioemu::ACIOHandle(L"COM1"));
+
+                // this is needed because on some newer versions of SDVX6, soundvoltex.dll will open
+                // HKLM\HARDWARE\DEVICEMAP\SERIALCOMM, go through some of the keys, and depending on
+                // what is present, pick a port other than COM1 (seemingly the highest port
+                // available). We want the game to pick COM1 still, so a workaround is needed to
+                // fool the game.
+                ENABLE_COM_PORT_SCAN_HOOK = true;
+            }
+        }
+#endif
+
+        // ASIO device hook
+        RegCloseKey_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegCloseKey", RegCloseKey_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        RegEnumKeyA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegEnumKeyA", RegEnumKeyA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        RegOpenKeyA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegOpenKeyA", RegOpenKeyA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        RegOpenKeyExA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegOpenKeyExA", RegOpenKeyExA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        RegQueryValueExA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegQueryValueExA", RegQueryValueExA_hook, avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        powrprof_hook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+        winuser_hook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+
+        // hook camera
+        if (!DISABLECAMS) {
+            camera_init();
+        }
+
+        // RGB CAMERA error ignore
+        if (!replace_pattern(
+                avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE,
+                "418D480484C074218D51FD",
+                "????????????9090??????",
+                0, 0)) {
+            log_warning("sdvx", "failed to insert camera error fix");
+        }
+
+        // remove log spam
+        logger::hook_add(sdvx64_spam_remover, nullptr);
+
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void SDVXGame::post_attach() {
+        Game::post_attach();
+
+#ifdef SPICE64 // SDVX5+ specific code
+
+        /*
+         * Volume Hook
+         *
+         * How to find the correct RVA:
+         *
+         * Method 1 (older versions):
+         * Search for byte sequence 48 8B C4 48 81 EC 88 00 00 00 80 3D
+         *
+         * Method 2 (older versions):
+         * 1. search for ac_io_bi2a_set_amp_volume
+         * 2. move one function up (function where it does some calculations, that's ours)
+         * 3. take the *file offset* of the *first* instruction of this function
+         *
+         * Method 3:
+         * Search for the function with the 3 arguments which is being called from the sound options.
+         * It is pretty obvious which one it is because it checks all 3 args to be <= 30.
+         */
+        static const robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, intptr_t> VOLUME_HOOKS {
+                { "2019100800", 0x414ED0 },
+                { "2020011500", 0x417090 },
+                { "2020022700", 0x4281A0 },
+                { "2020122200", 0x40C030 },
+                { "2021042800", 0x096EB0 },
+                { "2021051802", 0x097930 },
+                { "2021083100", 0x096E20 },
+                { "2021102000", 0x097230 },
+                { "2021121400", 0x09AD00 },
+        };
+
+        bool volume_hook_found = false;
+        for (auto &[datecode, rva] : VOLUME_HOOKS) {
+            if (avs::game::is_ext(datecode.c_str())) {
+
+                // calculate target RVA
+                auto volume_set_rva = libutils::offset2rva(MODULE_PATH / avs::game::DLL_NAME, rva);
+                if (volume_set_rva == -1) {
+                    log_warning("sdvx", "failed to insert set volume hook (convert rva {})", rva);
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // convert RVA to real target
+                auto *volume_set_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(
+                        reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE) + volume_set_rva);
+                if (volume_set_ptr[0] != 0x8B48) {
+                    log_warning("sdvx", "failed to insert set volume hook (invalid target)");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // insert trampoline
+                if (!detour::trampoline(
+                            reinterpret_cast<volume_set_t>(volume_set_ptr),
+                            volume_set_hook,
+                            &volume_set_orig))
+                {
+                    log_warning("sdvx", "failed to insert set volume hook (insert trampoline)");
+                }
+
+                // success
+                volume_hook_found = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if version not found
+        if (!volume_hook_found) {
+            log_warning("sdvx", "volume hook unavailable for this game version");
+
+            // set volumes to sdvx 4 defaults
+            auto &lights = games::sdvx::get_lights();
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_SOUND],
+                    (100 - 15) / 100.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_HEADPHONE],
+                    (100 - 9) / 100.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_EXTERNAL],
+                    (100 - 96) / 100.f);
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights[games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_WOOFER],
+                    (100 - 9) / 100.f);
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void SDVXGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+
+        devicehook_dispose();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/sdvx/sdvx.h b/games/sdvx/sdvx.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ce9f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/sdvx/sdvx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::sdvx {
+
+    enum SdvxOverlayPosition {
+        SDVX_OVERLAY_TOP,
+        SDVX_OVERLAY_MIDDLE,
+        SDVX_OVERLAY_BOTTOM
+    };
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool DISABLECAMS;
+    extern bool NATIVETOUCH;
+    extern uint8_t DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS;
+    extern std::optional<std::string> ASIO_DRIVER;
+    extern bool BI2X_INITIALIZED;
+    extern SdvxOverlayPosition OVERLAY_POS;
+
+    class SDVXGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        SDVXGame();
+        virtual void pre_attach() override;
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void post_attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/shared/lcdhandle.cpp b/games/shared/lcdhandle.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..889c7f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shared/lcdhandle.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#include "lcdhandle.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+
+// globals
+namespace games::shared {
+
+    // current state for easy access
+    bool LCD_ENABLED = false;
+    std::string LCD_CSM = "USER";
+    uint8_t LCD_BRI = 27;
+    uint8_t LCD_CON = 48;
+    uint8_t LCD_BL = 100;
+    uint8_t LCD_RED = 137;
+    uint8_t LCD_GREEN = 132;
+    uint8_t LCD_BLUE = 132;
+}
+
+void games::shared::LCDHandle::answer(std::string s) {
+    for (auto c : s) {
+        this->read_buffer.push_back((uint8_t) c);
+    }
+    this->read_buffer.push_back('\r');
+    this->read_buffer.push_back('\n');
+}
+
+bool games::shared::LCDHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+    if (wcscmp(lpFileName, L"COM1")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    log_info("lcdhandle", "opened COM1");
+    LCD_ENABLED = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+int games::shared::LCDHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+
+    // check time
+    if (get_system_milliseconds() < this->read_time_next) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // return buffer
+    if (read_buffer.size()) {
+        size_t write_count = MIN(nNumberOfBytesToRead, read_buffer.size());
+        memcpy(lpBuffer, &read_buffer[0], write_count);
+        read_buffer.erase(read_buffer.begin(), read_buffer.begin() + write_count);
+        return write_count;
+    }
+
+    // no data
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int games::shared::LCDHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+
+    // check maximum size
+    if (nNumberOfBytesToWrite >= 256)
+        nNumberOfBytesToWrite = 255;
+
+    // get string
+    char data[256]{};
+    memcpy(data, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToWrite);
+    std::string cmd_frame(data);
+
+    // check frame
+    if (string_begins_with(cmd_frame, "0")) {
+
+        // process frame
+        std::string cmd = cmd_frame.substr(1);
+        std::vector<std::string> cmd_split;
+        strsplit(cmd, cmd_split, ' ');
+        std::string param_in = "";
+        if (cmd_split.size() > 1) {
+            param_in = cmd_split[1];
+            if (string_ends_with(param_in.c_str(), "\r\n")) {
+                param_in = param_in.substr(0, param_in.size() - 2);
+            }
+            if (cmd_split.size() > 2) {
+                log_warning("lcdhandle", "too many parameters: {}", cmd_frame);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get parameter
+        std::string param_out = "";
+        try {
+            if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "MODEL?")) {
+                //param_out = "SPICE";
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "CSM")) {
+                LCD_CSM = param_in;
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "BRI")) {
+                LCD_BRI = std::stoi(param_in);
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "CON")) {
+                LCD_CON = std::stoi(param_in);
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "BL")) {
+                LCD_BL = std::stoi(param_in);
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "RED")) {
+                LCD_RED = std::stoi(param_in);
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "GREEN")) {
+                LCD_GREEN = std::stoi(param_in);
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "BLUE")) {
+                LCD_BLUE = std::stoi(param_in);
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "DFLIP")) {
+                // TODO
+            } else if (string_begins_with(cmd_split[0], "OFLIP")) {
+                // TODO
+            } else {
+                log_warning("lcdhandle", "unknown cmd: {}", cmd_frame);
+            }
+        } catch (std::invalid_argument&) {
+            log_warning("lcdhandle", "couldn't parse cmd: {}", cmd_frame);
+        }
+
+        // respond
+        answer(fmt::format("9{} {}", cmd_split[0], param_in));
+        answer(fmt::format("9OK {}", param_out));
+
+        // delay next read by 32ms
+        read_time_next = get_system_milliseconds() + 32;
+    }
+
+    // log unhandled commands
+    if (this->read_buffer.empty()) {
+        log_warning("lcdhandle", "unhandled cmd: {}", cmd_frame);
+    }
+
+    // return all bytes written
+    return (int) nNumberOfBytesToWrite;
+}
+
+int games::shared::LCDHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+        LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    return -1;
+}
+
+bool games::shared::LCDHandle::close() {
+    log_info("lcdhandle", "closed COM1");
+    LCD_ENABLED = false;
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/games/shared/lcdhandle.h b/games/shared/lcdhandle.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23c62d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shared/lcdhandle.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace games::shared {
+
+    // current state for easy access
+    extern bool LCD_ENABLED;
+    extern std::string LCD_CSM;
+    extern uint8_t LCD_BRI;
+    extern uint8_t LCD_CON;
+    extern uint8_t LCD_BL;
+    extern uint8_t LCD_RED;
+    extern uint8_t LCD_GREEN;
+    extern uint8_t LCD_BLUE;
+
+    class LCDHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        std::vector<uint8_t> read_buffer;
+        uint64_t read_time_next = 0;
+
+        void answer(std::string s);
+
+    public:
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/shared/printer.cpp b/games/shared/printer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6a1b019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shared/printer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,609 @@
+#include "printer.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#define STB_IMAGE_WRITE_IMPLEMENTATION
+#include "external/stb_image_write.h"
+
+namespace games::shared {
+
+    // settings
+    std::vector<std::string> PRINTER_PATH;
+    std::vector<std::string> PRINTER_FORMAT;
+    int PRINTER_JPG_QUALITY = 85;
+    bool PRINTER_CLEAR = false;
+    bool PRINTER_OVERWRITE_FILE = false;
+    static DWORD PRINTER_TOTAL_COUNT = 1024;
+    static short PRINTER_PAPER_REMAIN = 4096;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPDIDinfo {
+        short usbNo;
+        short printerID;
+        CHAR serialNo[6];
+        WORD mediaType;
+    } CPDIDinfo, *PCPDIDinfo;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPDPaperRemainParams {
+        short restNum;
+        BOOL isWarning;
+    } CPDPaperRemainParams, *PCPDPaperRemainParams;
+
+    typedef struct tagCP9StatusInfo {
+        DWORD printerStatus;
+        DWORD detail;
+        DWORD reserved2;
+        DWORD reserved3;
+    } CP9StatusInfo, *PCP9StatusInfo;
+
+    typedef struct tagCP9FWInfo {
+        char version_info1[6];
+        char version_info2[6];
+        char version_info3[6];
+    } CP9FWInfo, *PCP9FWInfo;
+
+    typedef struct tagCP9PrinterParams2 {
+        DWORD flags1;
+        DWORD reserved1;
+        short mechaPreFeed;
+        short jobResume;
+        short TransferOnPrinting;
+    } CP9PrinterParams2, *PCP9PrinterParams2;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPDMediaType {
+        WORD mediaType;
+        WORD mediaDetail;
+        WORD reserved;
+    } CPDMediaType, *PCPDMediaType;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPAPrinterParams {
+        DWORD ver;
+        DWORD flags1;
+        DWORD reserved1;
+        POINTS printPixel;
+        short sidePrint;
+        WORD printCount;
+        short overCoat;
+        short mirror;
+        short marginCut;
+        short multiCut;
+        short multipanel;
+        short printOut;
+        short reserved4;
+        short inkSkip;
+    } CPAPrinterParams, *PCPAPrinterParams;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPDBandImageParams {
+        PVOID baseAddr;
+        long rowBytes;
+        RECT bounds;
+    } CPDBandImageParams, *PCPDBandImageParams;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPDContrastTable {
+        BYTE r[256];
+        BYTE g[256];
+        BYTE b[256];
+    } CPDContrastTable, *PCPDContrastTable;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPDGammaTable {
+        WORD r[256];
+        WORD g[256];
+        WORD b[256];
+    } CPDGammaTable, *PCPDGammaTable;
+
+    typedef struct tagCPAImageEffectParams {
+        DWORD ver;
+        short ColorTabel;
+        short DLLColorTabel;
+        short ContrastTabel;
+        const CPDContrastTable *pContTbl;
+        short sharpness0;
+        const BYTE *pSharpnessTbl;
+        short sharpness1;
+        short gamma;
+        short printMode;
+        short linesharpness;
+        const CPDGammaTable *pGammaTbl;
+        short overcoatMode;
+    } CPAImageEffectParams, *PCPAImageEffectParams;
+
+    enum {
+        PStatus_Ready = 0,
+        PStatus_Printing,
+        PStatus_MechaInit,
+        PStatus_FeedandCut
+    };
+
+    enum {
+        Error_NoError = 0,
+        Error_Something,
+        Error_DeviceNotFound = 100,
+        Error_Busy,
+        Error_Printing_Busy,
+        Error_Printing_Ready,
+        Error_PortBusy,
+        Error_GetCPDIDinfo,
+        Error_PrinterBusy,
+        Error_FuncParamError = 201,
+        Error_MemAllocError,
+        Error_Timeout,
+        Error_MattePrinter = 301,
+        Error_MatteRibbon,
+        Error_InvalidParam = 1000,
+        Error_SheetEnd,
+        Error_PaperEnd,
+        Error_PaperJam,
+        Error_SheetJam,
+        Error_SheetCassetNotSet,
+        Error_PaperSheetIllegal,
+        Error_PaperCassetNotSet,
+        Error_PaperSizeIllegal,
+        Error_PaperTrayNotSet,
+        Error_OHPReverse,
+        Error_HeatError,
+        Error_DewError,
+        Error_DoorOpen,
+        Error_UnusableSheet,
+        Error_SheetCassetIllegal,
+        Error_PaperRemain,
+        Error_SheetRemain,
+        Error_NotSupported,
+        Error_SheetMarkError = 1101,
+        Error_PaperJam_D,
+        Error_MechaError,
+        Error_MechaError_D,
+        Error_MechaInitReq,
+        Error_PrintingTurnOff,
+        Error_ContrastDataError,
+        Error_TableError,
+        Error_PrinterError,
+        Error_PickPosition,
+        Error_NoScrapBox,
+        Error_PrintingDoorOpen,
+        Error_SheetError,
+        Error_SheetCountError,
+        Error38_HeadVoltage = 1200,
+        Error38_HeadPosition,
+        Error38_FunStopped,
+        Error38_CutterError,
+        Error38_PinchRollerPosition,
+        Error38_HeadTemp,
+        Error38_MediaTemp,
+        Error38_PaperWindingMorterTemp,
+        Error38_RibbonTension = 1210,
+        Error38_RFID_Error = 1220,
+        Error38_SystemError = 1230,
+        Error_JInvalidParam = 1300,
+        Error_JMemoryFull,
+        Error_JPaperSizeIllegal = 1310,
+        Error_JLastJobError,
+        Error_JTimeout = 1320,
+        Error_JJobCancel,
+        Error_JUSBInterrupt,
+    };
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9CheckPaperRemain(PCPDPaperRemainParams pPaperRemain, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        pPaperRemain->restNum = PRINTER_PAPER_REMAIN;
+        pPaperRemain->isWarning = FALSE;
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9CheckPrinter(PCP9StatusInfo pStInfo, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        pStInfo->printerStatus = PStatus_Ready;
+        pStInfo->detail = 0;
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9CheckPrintEnd(DWORD meminfo, PBOOL pbisEnd, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        *pbisEnd = true;
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9GetFWInfo(PCP9FWInfo pFWInfo, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        strcpy(pFWInfo->version_info1, std::string("1").c_str());
+        strcpy(pFWInfo->version_info2, std::string("0").c_str());
+        strcpy(pFWInfo->version_info3, std::string("1").c_str());
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9GetMediaType(PCPDMediaType pMType, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        if (avs::game::is_model("KLP")) {
+            pMType->mediaType = 56;
+        } else {
+            pMType->mediaType = 2;
+        }
+
+        pMType->mediaDetail = 18432;
+
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9GetTempInfo(void *pTempInfo, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9GetTotalPrintCount(PDWORD pdwCount, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        *pdwCount = PRINTER_TOTAL_COUNT;
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9PreHeat(PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9PrintJobCancel(PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9PrintOut(PDWORD pmeminfo, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+
+        // do logic
+        if (PRINTER_PAPER_REMAIN > 0) {
+            PRINTER_TOTAL_COUNT++;
+            PRINTER_PAPER_REMAIN--;
+            return Error_NoError;
+        } else {
+            return Error_PaperRemain;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPU9SetPrintParameter2(const CP9PrinterParams2 *setP, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    typedef void (CALLBACK *PFNACBfunc)(DWORD dwErr, short PrintFlag, short PrintUsbNo, long nJid, int CopyNumber);
+
+    static inline std::string get_image_out_path(bool clear, std::string path, const std::string &format) {
+
+        // check path
+        if (path.empty()) {
+            log_warning("printer", "Printer Emulation output directory can't be empty. Resetting to \".\"");
+            path = ".";
+        }
+
+        // check trailing slash
+        if (string_ends_with(path.c_str(), "\\"))
+            path = std::string(path.c_str(), path.length() - 1);
+
+        // find non-existing filename
+        static std::string prefix = "printer_";
+        for (int n = 0; n < 4096; n++) {
+            std::ostringstream filename_s;
+            filename_s << path << "\\" << prefix << n << "." << format;
+            std::string filename = filename_s.str();
+            if (clear && fileutils::file_exists(filename.c_str())) {
+                log_info("printer", "deleting {}...", filename);
+                DeleteFile(filename.c_str());
+                if (PRINTER_OVERWRITE_FILE) {
+                    return filename;
+                }
+            }
+            else if (!fileutils::file_exists(filename.c_str()))
+                return filename;
+        }
+
+        // error
+        if (!clear) {
+            log_fatal("sdvx", "could not find path");
+        }
+
+        return "DUMMY";
+    }
+
+    static inline bool process_image_print(const CPDBandImageParams *pBandImage) {
+
+        // log
+        log_info("printer", "processing incoming print job");
+
+        // get image bounds
+        int image_width = pBandImage->bounds.right - pBandImage->bounds.left;
+        int image_height = pBandImage->bounds.bottom - pBandImage->bounds.top;
+
+        // check bounds
+        if (image_width <= 0 || image_height <= 0) {
+            log_warning("printer", "invalid image size: {}x{}", image_width, image_height);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check rowBytes
+        if (pBandImage->rowBytes < 0 || pBandImage->rowBytes != image_width * 3) {
+            log_warning("printer", "unsupported image data layout: {}", pBandImage->rowBytes);
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // make a copy of the image data
+        auto image_data = new uint8_t[image_width * image_height * 3];
+        memcpy(image_data, pBandImage->baseAddr, (size_t) (image_width * image_height * 3));
+
+        // convert BGR to RGB
+        log_info("printer", "converting BGR to RGB...");
+        for (int pixel = 0; pixel < image_width * image_height; pixel++) {
+            int index = pixel * 3;
+            uint8_t tmp = image_data[index];
+            image_data[index] = image_data[index + 2];
+            image_data[index + 2] = tmp;
+        }
+
+        // flip horizontally
+        for (int x = 0; x < image_width / 2; x++) {
+            for (int y = 0; y < image_height; y++) {
+                int index1 = (y * image_width + x) * 3;
+                int index2 = (y * image_width + image_width - x - 1) * 3;
+                uint8_t r = image_data[index1 + 0];
+                uint8_t g = image_data[index1 + 1];
+                uint8_t b = image_data[index1 + 2];
+                image_data[index1 + 0] = image_data[index2 + 0];
+                image_data[index1 + 1] = image_data[index2 + 1];
+                image_data[index1 + 2] = image_data[index2 + 2];
+                image_data[index2 + 0] = r;
+                image_data[index2 + 1] = g;
+                image_data[index2 + 2] = b;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // iterate folders
+        log_info("printer", "writing files...");
+        for (const auto &path : PRINTER_PATH) {
+            for (const auto &format : PRINTER_FORMAT) {
+
+                // get image path
+                std::string image_path = get_image_out_path(PRINTER_OVERWRITE_FILE, path, format);
+                bool success = false;
+
+                // call write function depending on format
+                if (format == "png" && stbi_write_png(
+                        image_path.c_str(), image_width, image_height, 3, image_data, image_width * 3))
+                    success = true;
+                if (format == "bmp" && stbi_write_bmp(
+                        image_path.c_str(), image_width, image_height, 3, image_data))
+                    success = true;
+                if (format == "tga" && stbi_write_tga(
+                        image_path.c_str(), image_width, image_height, 3, image_data))
+                    success = true;
+                if (format == "jpg" && stbi_write_jpg(
+                        image_path.c_str(), image_width, image_height, 3, image_data, PRINTER_JPG_QUALITY))
+                    success = true;
+
+                // logging
+                if (success) {
+                    log_info("printer", "printer emulation has written an image to {}", image_path);
+                } else {
+                    log_warning("printer", "printer emulation failed to write image to {}", image_path);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // clean up
+        delete[] image_data;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPUASendImage(
+        const CPDBandImageParams *pBandImage,
+        const CPAPrinterParams *setP,
+        const CPAImageEffectParams *piep,
+        PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo
+    ) {
+        // process image
+        if (!process_image_print(pBandImage)) {
+            return Error_InvalidParam;
+        }
+
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * This is the function which seems to get called from the game.
+     * Default card layout parameters:
+     *     rowBytes = 3216
+     *     bounds.left = 0
+     *     bounds.top = 0
+     *     bounds.right = 1072
+     *     bounds.bottom = 712
+     */
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPUASendImagePrint(const CPAPrinterParams *setP, const CPDBandImageParams *pBandImage,
+                                              const CPAImageEffectParams *piep, BOOL memClear, PFNACBfunc pfncb,
+                                              long nJid, PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo) {
+        /*
+         * From documentation: rowBytes
+         * Number of bits a line of image data. Usually, in case of a bitmap file of 24bit, it is
+         * (bmInfoHeader.biWidth * 3 + 3) / 4 * 4
+         * It scans up from the lower left in case of a positive numeric (bitmap file standard).
+         * In this case, the address at the lower left of image data is usually set in baseAddr.
+         * It scans below from the upper left in the case of a negative numeric. In this case,
+         * The address in the upper left of image data is usually set in baseAddr.
+         */
+
+        // process image
+        if (!process_image_print(pBandImage)) {
+            return Error_InvalidParam;
+        }
+
+        // fire up printer thread
+        // the game fires up a listener around 4 seconds after the call
+        WORD printCount = setP->printCount;
+        short usbNo = pIDInfo->usbNo;
+        std::thread t([printCount, pfncb, usbNo, nJid]() {
+            for (int print_no = 1; print_no <= printCount; print_no++) {
+
+                // wait for game listener
+                Sleep(4000);
+
+                // do logic
+                if (PRINTER_PAPER_REMAIN > 0) {
+                    PRINTER_TOTAL_COUNT++;
+                    PRINTER_PAPER_REMAIN--;
+                    pfncb(Error_NoError, 0, usbNo, nJid, print_no);
+                } else {
+                    pfncb(Error_PaperRemain, 0, usbNo, nJid, print_no);
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        // detach thread so it will keep running
+        t.detach();
+
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Probably irrelevant, doesn't seem to get called by the game.
+     */
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPUASendImagePrint2(
+        const CPAPrinterParams *setP,
+        const CPDBandImageParams *pBandImage,
+        const CPAImageEffectParams *piep,
+        BOOL memClear,
+        BOOL sendOnPrn,
+        PFNACBfunc pfncb,
+        long nJid,
+        PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo
+    ) {
+        // forward to other function
+        return CPUASendImagePrint(setP, pBandImage, piep, memClear, pfncb, nJid, pIDInfo);
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPUASetPrintParameter(
+        const CPAPrinterParams *setP,
+        CPAImageEffectParams *piep,
+        BOOL memClear,
+        PDWORD pmeminfo,
+        PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo
+    ) {
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static DWORD __stdcall CPUXSearchPrinters(
+        PCPDIDinfo pIDInfo,
+        DWORD infoSize,
+        LPDWORD pSizeNeeded,
+        LPDWORD pInfoNum
+    ) {
+        // set information number
+        // (LovePlus needs this to determine how many info structures to allocate)
+        *pInfoNum = 1;
+
+        // check info size
+        if (infoSize != 12) {
+            *pSizeNeeded = 12;
+
+            return Error_GetCPDIDinfo;
+        }
+
+        // set printer information
+        pIDInfo->usbNo = 1;
+        pIDInfo->printerID = 1;
+        memset(pIDInfo->serialNo, 'F', 5);
+        memset(pIDInfo->serialNo + 5, 0, 1);
+        pIDInfo->mediaType = 2;
+
+        // LovePlus
+        if (avs::game::is_model("KLP")) {
+
+            // LovePlus uses a different media type
+            pIDInfo->mediaType = 56;
+        }
+
+        // Otoca D'or
+        if (avs::game::is_model("NCG")) {
+
+            // requires a specific printer ID
+            pIDInfo->printerID = 2160;
+        }
+
+        return Error_NoError;
+    }
+
+    static void __stdcall CPUXInit() {
+        log_info("printer", "CPUXInit called");
+    }
+
+    void printer_attach() {
+        log_info("printer", "SpiceTools Printer");
+
+        // default parameters
+        if (PRINTER_PATH.empty()) {
+            PRINTER_PATH.emplace_back(".");
+        }
+        if (PRINTER_FORMAT.empty()) {
+            PRINTER_FORMAT.emplace_back("png");
+        }
+
+        // validate file formats
+        for (const auto &format : PRINTER_FORMAT) {
+            if (format != "png" &&
+                format != "bmp" &&
+                format != "tga" &&
+                format != "jpg")
+            {
+                log_fatal("printer", "unknown file format: {}", format);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // validate JPEG quality
+        if (PRINTER_JPG_QUALITY <= 0 || PRINTER_JPG_QUALITY > 100) {
+            log_fatal("printer", "invalid JPEG quality setting (1-100): {}",
+                    PRINTER_JPG_QUALITY);
+        }
+
+        // clear
+        if (PRINTER_CLEAR) {
+            PRINTER_CLEAR = false;
+            for (const auto &path : PRINTER_PATH) {
+                for (const auto &format : PRINTER_FORMAT) {
+                    get_image_out_path(true, path, format);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // IAT hooks
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9CheckPaperRemain", CPU9CheckPaperRemain);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9CheckPrinter", CPU9CheckPrinter);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9CheckPrintEnd", CPU9CheckPrintEnd);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9GetFWInfo", CPU9GetFWInfo);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9GetMediaType", CPU9GetMediaType);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9GetTempInfo", CPU9GetTempInfo);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9GetTotalPrintCount", CPU9GetTotalPrintCount);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9PreHeat", CPU9PreHeat);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9PrintJobCancel", CPU9PrintJobCancel);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9PrintOut", CPU9PrintOut);
+        detour::iat_try("CPU9SetPrintParameter2", CPU9SetPrintParameter2);
+        detour::iat_try("CPUASendImage", CPUASendImage);
+        detour::iat_try("CPUASendImagePrint", CPUASendImagePrint);
+        detour::iat_try("CPUASendImagePrint2", CPUASendImagePrint2);
+        detour::iat_try("CPUASetPrintParameter", CPUASetPrintParameter);
+        detour::iat_try("CPUXInit", CPUXInit);
+        detour::iat_try("CPUXSearchPrinters", CPUXSearchPrinters);
+
+        // library hook
+        libraryhook_hook_library("CPUSBXPKM.DLL", GetModuleHandle(nullptr));
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9CheckPaperRemain", CPU9CheckPaperRemain);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9CheckPrinter", CPU9CheckPrinter);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9CheckPrintEnd", CPU9CheckPrintEnd);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9GetFWInfo", CPU9GetFWInfo);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9GetMediaType", CPU9GetMediaType);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9GetTempInfo", CPU9GetTempInfo);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9GetTotalPrintCount", CPU9GetTotalPrintCount);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9PreHeat", CPU9PreHeat);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9PrintJobCancel", CPU9PrintJobCancel);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9PrintOut", CPU9PrintOut);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPU9SetPrintParameter2", CPU9SetPrintParameter2);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPUASendImage", CPUASendImage);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPUASendImagePrint", CPUASendImagePrint);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPUASendImagePrint2", CPUASendImagePrint2);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPUASetPrintParameter", CPUASetPrintParameter);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPUXInit", CPUXInit);
+        libraryhook_hook_proc("CPUXSearchPrinters", CPUXSearchPrinters);
+        libraryhook_enable(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/shared/printer.h b/games/shared/printer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d19e233
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shared/printer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace games::shared {
+
+    // settings
+    extern std::vector<std::string> PRINTER_PATH;
+    extern std::vector<std::string> PRINTER_FORMAT;
+    extern int PRINTER_JPG_QUALITY;
+    extern bool PRINTER_CLEAR;
+    extern bool PRINTER_OVERWRITE_FILE;
+
+    void printer_attach();
+}
diff --git a/games/shared/twtouch.cpp b/games/shared/twtouch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3a49d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shared/twtouch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#include "twtouch.h"
+
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace games::shared {
+
+#pragma pack(push, 1)
+    struct TwTouchEventReport {
+        uint32_t type;
+        uint8_t padding1[8];
+        uint32_t status;
+        uint16_t x;
+        uint16_t y;
+        uint8_t padding2[4];
+    };
+    static_assert(sizeof(TwTouchEventReport) == 0x18);
+#pragma pack(pop)
+
+    bool TwTouchDevice::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+        return wcscmp(lpFileName, L"\\\\.\\TwTouchDriver") == 0;
+    }
+
+    int TwTouchDevice::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+
+        // ignore if buffer is too small
+        if (nNumberOfBytesToRead < sizeof(TwTouchEventReport)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // get touch events once our buffer is empty
+        if (this->report_buffer.empty()) {
+            touch_get_events(this->report_buffer);
+        }
+
+        // check if an event is available
+        if (this->report_buffer.empty()) {
+
+            /*
+             * We limit the number of continuous reads the device can do
+             * since games may try to read all at once into a buffer.
+             * QMA has a limit of 100 events going in at once.
+             * To avoid this we have to return nothing at least once every 100 read calls.
+             */
+            if (this->continuous_reads >= 99) {
+
+                // reset counter
+                this->continuous_reads = 0;
+
+            } else {
+
+                // get touch points
+                touch_get_points(this->touch_points);
+
+                // insert fake events
+                for (auto &touch_point : this->touch_points) {
+                    this->report_buffer.push_back(TouchEvent {
+                        .id = touch_point.id,
+                        .x = touch_point.x,
+                        .y = touch_point.y,
+                        .type = TOUCH_MOVE,
+                        .mouse = false,
+                    });
+                }
+
+                // clear touch points
+                this->touch_points.clear();
+            }
+        } else {
+
+            // increase counter
+            this->continuous_reads++;
+
+            // pick the first event
+            auto &touch_event = this->report_buffer[0];
+
+            // build report
+            TwTouchEventReport report {};
+
+            /*
+             * Known report types
+             *
+             * ID    Size  Desc
+             * 0x01  20
+             * 0x02  16
+             * 0x03  20    QMA checks uint32_t at offset 12 and uint16_t at offset 16
+             * 0x04  16
+             * 0x05  24    Touch Event
+             * 0x06  24
+             * 0x08  24
+             * 0x09  24    SCV has an alternate Touch Event path here
+             * 0x0B  32
+             * 0x0C  16
+             * 0x0D  36
+             * 0x0E  16
+             */
+            report.type = 0x05;
+
+            // set report data
+            switch (touch_event.type) {
+                case TOUCH_DOWN:
+                case TOUCH_MOVE:
+
+                    // if the status is 1 it means it's pressed
+                    report.status = 1;
+                    report.x = CLAMP(this->offset_x + touch_event.x * this->scale_x, 0, 65535);
+                    report.y = CLAMP(this->offset_y + touch_event.y * this->scale_y, 0, 65535);
+
+                    // flip coordinates
+                    if (this->flip_x) {
+                        report.x = 0xFFFF - report.x;
+                    }
+                    if (this->flip_y) {
+                        report.y = 0xFFFF - report.y;
+                    }
+
+                    break;
+                case TOUCH_UP:
+
+                    // status 3 (and 12?) is a touch up event
+                    report.status = 3;
+                    report.x = 0;
+                    report.y = 0;
+
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // erase touch event
+            this->report_buffer.erase(this->report_buffer.begin());
+
+            // copy report to buffer
+            memcpy(lpBuffer, &report, sizeof(report));
+            return sizeof(report);
+        }
+
+        // no touch event available for read
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int TwTouchDevice::write(LPCVOID, DWORD) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    int TwTouchDevice::device_io(DWORD, LPVOID, DWORD, LPVOID, DWORD) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    bool TwTouchDevice::close() {
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/shared/twtouch.h b/games/shared/twtouch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f96f669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shared/twtouch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+namespace games::shared {
+
+    class TwTouchDevice : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+
+        // report buffer
+        std::vector<TouchEvent> report_buffer;
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        unsigned int continuous_reads = 0;
+
+    public:
+
+        // settings
+        float offset_x = 0.f;
+        float offset_y = 0.f;
+        float scale_x = 1.f;
+        float scale_y = 1.f;
+        bool flip_x = false;
+        bool flip_y = false;
+
+        // overrides
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override;
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                      DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+        bool close() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/shogikai/io.cpp b/games/shogikai/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e91cced
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shogikai/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::shogikai::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Tenkaichi Shogikai");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Select"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::shogikai::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Tenkaichi Shogikai");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Left",
+                "Right"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/shogikai/io.h b/games/shogikai/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..833ecf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shogikai/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::shogikai {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Select,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            Left,
+            Right,
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/shogikai/shogikai.cpp b/games/shogikai/shogikai.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72482a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shogikai/shogikai.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,477 @@
+#include "shogikai.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "io.h"
+
+namespace games::shogikai {
+
+    // touch stuff
+    static int TOUCH_MAX_X = 1360;
+    static int TOUCH_MAX_Y = 768;
+    static bool TOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
+    static bool TOUCH_PRESENT = false;
+    static bool TOUCH_LAST_PRESENT = false;
+    static TouchPoint TOUCH_CURRENT {};
+    static TouchPoint TOUCH_LAST {};
+
+    struct joystick_state {
+        bool up;
+        bool down;
+        bool start;
+        bool service;
+        bool test;
+    };
+
+    // general i/o stuff
+    static struct joystick_state JOY_STATE {};
+    static struct joystick_state JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE {};
+
+    // registry hook
+    static decltype(RegOpenKeyExA) *RegOpenKeyExA_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(RegQueryValueExA) *RegQueryValueExA_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // ini hook
+    typedef void (__cdecl *inifile_param_num_t)(const char *, int *);
+    static inifile_param_num_t inifile_param_num_orig = nullptr;
+
+    // ic card stuff
+    static bool CARD_IN = false;
+    static uint8_t CARD_TYPE = 0;
+    static uint8_t CARD_UID[8];
+
+    static void __cdecl system_error_set(uint8_t code1, uint16_t code2, uint16_t code3, const char *error_type) {
+        if (code1 == 5 && code2 == 1502) {
+            log_warning("shogikai", "UNABLE TO SET MONITOR MODE {}", GRAPHICS_WINDOWED ? "" : "(TRY WINDOWED MODE!)");
+        }
+        log_fatal("shogikai", "{}: {:d}-{:04d}-{:04d}",
+                error_type == nullptr ? "UNKNOWN ERROR" : error_type,
+                code1, code2, code3);
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl inifile_param_num(const char *param, int *value) {
+        if (param && strcmp(param, "WINDOWED") == 0) {
+            *value = GRAPHICS_WINDOWED;
+        } else if (inifile_param_num_orig) {
+            inifile_param_num_orig(param, value);
+            if (value) {
+                log_info("shogikai", "{}={}", param, *value);
+            }
+        } else {
+            *value = 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static LSTATUS WINAPI RegOpenKeyExA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpSubKey, DWORD ulOptions,
+            REGSAM samDesired, PHKEY phkResult) {
+        if (lpSubKey) {
+            if (_stricmp(lpSubKey, "HARDWARE\\DESCRIPTION\\System") == 0) {
+                return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+            } else if (_stricmp(lpSubKey, "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Services\\ialm\\Enum") == 0) {
+                return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+            }
+        }
+        return RegOpenKeyExA_orig(hKey, lpSubKey, ulOptions, samDesired, phkResult);
+    }
+
+    static LSTATUS WINAPI RegQueryValueExA_hook(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpValueName, LPDWORD lpReserved,
+            LPDWORD lpType, LPBYTE lpData, LPDWORD lpcbData) {
+        if (lpValueName) {
+            if (strcmp(lpValueName, "SystemBiosDate") == 0) {
+                static const char DATA[] = "04/20/69";
+                memcpy(lpData, DATA, sizeof(DATA));
+                return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+            } else if (strcmp(lpValueName, "0") == 0) {
+                static const char DATA[] = "0";
+                memcpy(lpData, DATA, sizeof(DATA));
+                return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+            }
+        }
+        return RegQueryValueExA_orig(hKey, lpValueName, lpReserved, lpType, lpData, lpcbData);
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl nic_dhcp_maybe_exist() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mouse_utl_step() {
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl touch_init(int width, int height) {
+        log_info("mfc", "call touch_init(width: {}, height: {})", width, height);
+
+        // attach touch module
+        if (!TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+
+            /*
+             * Find the game window.
+             * We check the foreground window first, then fall back to searching for the window title
+             */
+            HWND wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+            if (!string_begins_with(GetActiveWindowTitle(), avs::game::MODEL)) {
+                wnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(avs::game::MODEL);
+            }
+
+            // attach touch hook
+            touch_create_wnd(wnd, true);
+
+            // store touch size specification
+            TOUCH_MAX_X = width;
+            TOUCH_MAX_Y = height;
+
+            // show cursor
+            if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+                ShowCursor(TRUE);
+            }
+
+            // set attached
+            TOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl touch_step() {
+        if (TOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+
+            // get touch points
+            std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+            touch_get_points(touch_points);
+
+            TOUCH_LAST = TOUCH_CURRENT;
+            TOUCH_LAST_PRESENT = TOUCH_PRESENT;
+
+            if (!touch_points.empty()) {
+                auto &tp = touch_points[0];
+                TOUCH_CURRENT = tp;
+                TOUCH_PRESENT = true;
+            } else {
+                TOUCH_PRESENT = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl h8io_touch_getpos(int *pX, int *pY) {
+        if (!TOUCH_PRESENT) {
+
+            // false value means no touch present
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        *pX = TOUCH_CURRENT.x > TOUCH_MAX_X ? TOUCH_MAX_X : TOUCH_CURRENT.x;
+        *pY = TOUCH_CURRENT.y > TOUCH_MAX_Y ? TOUCH_MAX_Y : TOUCH_CURRENT.y;
+
+        // true value means touch present
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl h8io_touch_getpos_trig(int *pX, int *pY) {
+
+        // following the game logic, a trigger check bails early if there was a touch detected
+        // during the last frame
+        if (TOUCH_LAST_PRESENT) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return h8io_touch_getpos(pX, pY);
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl touch_get_raw_data(int *pX, int *pY) {
+        h8io_touch_getpos(pX, pY);
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl touch_get_raw_data_trig(int *pX, int *pY) {
+        return h8io_touch_getpos_trig(pX, pY);
+    }
+
+    static char __cdecl mfc5_begin_io_mng(int a1, int a2) {
+        log_info("mfc", "call mfc5_begin_io_mng");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_is_io_mng_ready() {
+        log_info("mfc", "call mfc5_is_io_mng_ready");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // the joystick state functions return the current state that is updated
+    // in `joystick_step` while ensuring to track the previous state to detect
+    // held buttons and newly pressed buttons
+
+    static void __cdecl joystick_step() {
+
+        // set last state
+        JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE = JOY_STATE;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        // set new state
+        JOY_STATE.service = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Service));
+        JOY_STATE.test = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Test));
+        JOY_STATE.start = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::Select));
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_up(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.up;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_up_on(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.up && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.up;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_up_rep(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.up && JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.up;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_down(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.down;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_down_on(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.down && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.down;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_down_rep(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.down && JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.down;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_start(int a1) {
+        static bool FIRST_CHECK = true;
+
+        // following the game logic, the first poll of the start button must
+        // be true for center mode
+        if (FIRST_CHECK) {
+            FIRST_CHECK = false;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return JOY_STATE.start;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_start_on(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.start && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.start;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_start_rep(int a1) {
+        return JOY_STATE.start && JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.start;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_service() {
+        return JOY_STATE.service;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_service_on() {
+        return JOY_STATE.service && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.service;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_test() {
+        return JOY_STATE.test;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl joy_test_on() {
+        return JOY_STATE.test && !JOY_PREVIOUS_STATE.test;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl mfc5_center_iob_get_coin_state() {
+        auto &buttons = get_buttons();
+
+        return GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(Buttons::CoinMech));
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_center_iob_get_coin_cntr(int a1) {
+        return eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_center_iob_current_coin_counter() {
+        return mfc5_center_iob_get_coin_cntr(0);
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mfc5_center_iob_consume_coin_counter(int a1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < a1 && a1 >= 0; i++) {
+            eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_current_coin_counter() {
+        return eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mfc5_consume_coin_counter(int a1) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < a1 && a1 >= 0; i++) {
+            eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mfc5_iob_lamp(uint8_t lamp) {
+        auto &lights = get_lights();
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(Lights::Left), (lamp & 0x08) ? 1.f : 0.f);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(Lights::Right), (lamp & 0x04) ? 1.f : 0.f);
+
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+    }
+
+    static void update_card() {
+        if (eamuse_card_insert_consume(1, 0)) {
+
+            if (!CARD_IN) {
+                CARD_IN = true;
+
+                eamuse_get_card(1, 0, CARD_UID);
+
+                CARD_TYPE = is_card_uid_felica(CARD_UID) ? 1 : 0;
+            }
+        } else {
+            CARD_IN = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_ic_card_read_init() {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_ic_card_read_init");
+
+        CARD_IN = false;
+        CARD_TYPE = 0;
+        memset(CARD_UID, 0, sizeof(CARD_UID));
+
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_ic_card_read_step() {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_ic_card_read_step");
+
+        update_card();
+
+        return CARD_IN ? 0 : 1;
+    }
+
+    static int __cdecl mfc5_ic_card_status() {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_ic_card_status");
+
+        return CARD_IN ? 2 : 0;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type(uint8_t *a1) {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type(a1: {})", fmt::ptr(a1));
+
+        *a1 = CARD_TYPE;
+    }
+
+    static void __cdecl mfc5_get_ic_card_id(uint8_t *a1) {
+        //log_misc("mfc", "mfc5_get_ic_card_id(a1: {})", fmt::ptr(a1));
+
+        memcpy(a1, CARD_UID, 8);
+    }
+
+    ShogikaiGame::ShogikaiGame() : Game("Shogikai") {
+    }
+
+    void ShogikaiGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // hook error call
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) system_error_set, libutils::try_proc(
+                libutils::try_module("error.dll"), "?system_error_set@@YAXEGGPAD@Z"));
+        detour::iat("?inifile_param_num@@YAHPBDPAH@Z", inifile_param_num);
+
+        // get rid of errors when trying to get BIOS information
+        RegOpenKeyExA_orig = detour::iat("RegOpenKeyExA", RegOpenKeyExA_hook);
+        RegQueryValueExA_orig = detour::iat("RegQueryValueExA", RegQueryValueExA_hook);
+
+        // network fix
+        detour::iat_try("?nic_dhcp_maybe_exist@@YAEXZ", nic_dhcp_maybe_exist);
+
+        // cursor fix
+        auto util_module = libutils::try_module("util.dll");
+        if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+            detour::inline_hook((void *) mouse_utl_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                    util_module, "?mouse_utl_step@@YAXXZ"));
+        }
+
+        // touch i/o
+        auto h8io_module = libutils::try_module("h8io.dll");
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) h8io_touch_getpos, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?h8io_touch_getpos@@YAHPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) h8io_touch_getpos_trig, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?h8io_touch_getpos_trig@@YAHPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_get_raw_data, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?touch_get_raw_data@@YAXPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_get_raw_data_trig, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?touch_get_raw_data_trig@@YAHPAH0@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_init, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?touch_init@@YAXHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) touch_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?touch_step@@YAXXZ"));
+
+        // general i/o
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_begin_io_mng, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_begin_io_mng@@YAEHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_is_io_mng_ready, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_is_io_mng_ready@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joystick_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joystick_step@@YAXXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_up, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_up@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_up_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_up_on@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_up_rep, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_up_rep@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_down, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_down@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_down_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_down_on@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_down_rep, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_down_rep@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_start, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_start@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_start_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_start_on@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_start_rep, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_start_rep@@YAHH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_service, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_service@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_service_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_service_on@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_test, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_test@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) joy_test_on, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?joy_test_on@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_center_iob_get_coin_state, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_iob_clt_get_coin_state@@YAEXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_center_iob_get_coin_cntr, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_iob_clt_get_coin_cntr@@YAHW4E_COIN_CH@@@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_center_iob_current_coin_counter, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_center_iob_current_coin_counter@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_center_iob_consume_coin_counter, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_center_iob_consume_coin_counter@@YAXH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_current_coin_counter, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_current_coin_counter@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_consume_coin_counter, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_consume_coin_counter@@YAXH@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_iob_lamp, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_iob_lamp@@YAXE@Z"));
+
+        // ic card
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_ic_card_read_init, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_ic_card_read_init@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_ic_card_read_step, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_ic_card_read_step@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_ic_card_status, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_ic_card_status@@YAHXZ"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_get_ic_card_id_type@@YAXPAE@Z"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) mfc5_get_ic_card_id, libutils::try_proc(
+                h8io_module, "?mfc5_get_ic_card_id@@YAXQAE@Z"));
+    }
+
+    void ShogikaiGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/shogikai/shogikai.h b/games/shogikai/shogikai.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4a45946
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/shogikai/shogikai.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::shogikai {
+
+    class ShogikaiGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        ShogikaiGame();
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/silentscope/io.cpp b/games/silentscope/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e0654bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/silentscope/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::silentscope::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Silent Scope: Bone Eater");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+            &buttons,
+            "Service",
+            "Test",
+            "Coin Mech",
+            "Start",
+            "Up",
+            "Down",
+            "Left",
+            "Right",
+            "Gun Pressed",
+            "Scope Right",
+            "Scope Left"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::silentscope::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Silent Scope: Bone Eater");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+            &analogs,
+            "Gun X",
+            "Gun Y"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/games/silentscope/io.h b/games/silentscope/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6273afc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/silentscope/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::silentscope {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            SERVICE,
+            TEST,
+            COIN_MECH,
+            START,
+            UP,
+            DOWN,
+            LEFT,
+            RIGHT,
+            GUN_PRESSED,
+            SCOPE_RIGHT,
+            SCOPE_LEFT,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            GUN_X,
+            GUN_Y,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+}
diff --git a/games/silentscope/silentscope.cpp b/games/silentscope/silentscope.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60a4c50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/silentscope/silentscope.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include "silentscope.h"
+
+#include "acioemu/handle.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+
+namespace games::silentscope {
+
+    SilentScopeGame::SilentScopeGame() : Game("Silent Scope") {
+    }
+
+    void SilentScopeGame::attach() {
+        Game::attach();
+
+        // load the game DLL so hooks apply
+        libutils::try_library("gamendd.dll");
+
+        // TODO(felix): implement stuff on this port
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(new acioemu::ACIOHandle(L"COM2"));
+    }
+
+    void SilentScopeGame::detach() {
+        Game::detach();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/silentscope/silentscope.h b/games/silentscope/silentscope.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..baf93c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/silentscope/silentscope.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::silentscope {
+
+    class SilentScopeGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        SilentScopeGame();
+
+        void attach() override;
+        void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/games/we/io.cpp b/games/we/io.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0fe40a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/we/io.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+#include "io.h"
+
+std::vector<Button> &games::we::get_buttons() {
+    static std::vector<Button> buttons;
+
+    if (buttons.empty()) {
+        buttons = GameAPI::Buttons::getButtons("Winning Eleven");
+
+        GameAPI::Buttons::sortButtons(
+                &buttons,
+                "Service",
+                "Test",
+                "Coin Mech",
+                "Start",
+                "Up",
+                "Down",
+                "Left",
+                "Right",
+                "Button A",
+                "Button B",
+                "Button C",
+                "Button D",
+                "Button E",
+                "Button F",
+                "Pad Start",
+                "Pad Select",
+                "Pad Up",
+                "Pad Down",
+                "Pad Left",
+                "Pad Right",
+                "Pad Triangle",
+                "Pad Cross",
+                "Pad Square",
+                "Pad Circle",
+                "Pad L1",
+                "Pad L2",
+                "Pad L3",
+                "Pad R1",
+                "Pad R2",
+                "Pad R3"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return buttons;
+}
+
+std::vector<Analog> &games::we::get_analogs() {
+    static std::vector<Analog> analogs;
+
+    if (analogs.empty()) {
+        analogs = GameAPI::Analogs::getAnalogs("Winning Eleven");
+
+        GameAPI::Analogs::sortAnalogs(
+                &analogs,
+                "Pad Stick Left X",
+                "Pad Stick Left Y",
+                "Pad Stick Right X",
+                "Pad Stick Right Y"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return analogs;
+}
+
+std::vector<Light> &games::we::get_lights() {
+    static std::vector<Light> lights;
+
+    if (lights.empty()) {
+        lights = GameAPI::Lights::getLights("Winning Eleven");
+
+        GameAPI::Lights::sortLights(
+                &lights,
+                "Left Red",
+                "Left Green",
+                "Left Blue",
+                "Right Red",
+                "Right Green",
+                "Right Blue"
+        );
+    }
+
+    return lights;
+}
diff --git a/games/we/io.h b/games/we/io.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f82e5bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/we/io.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+
+namespace games::we {
+
+    // all buttons in correct order
+    namespace Buttons {
+        enum {
+            Service,
+            Test,
+            CoinMech,
+            Start,
+            Up,
+            Down,
+            Left,
+            Right,
+            ButtonA,
+            ButtonB,
+            ButtonC,
+            ButtonD,
+            ButtonE,
+            ButtonF,
+            PadStart,
+            PadSelect,
+            PadUp,
+            PadDown,
+            PadLeft,
+            PadRight,
+            PadTriangle,
+            PadCross,
+            PadSquare,
+            PadCircle,
+            PadL1,
+            PadL2,
+            PadL3,
+            PadR1,
+            PadR2,
+            PadR3,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all analogs in correct order
+    namespace Analogs {
+        enum {
+            PadStickLeftX,
+            PadStickLeftY,
+            PadStickRightX,
+            PadStickRightY,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // all lights in correct order
+    namespace Lights {
+        enum {
+            LeftRed,
+            LeftGreen,
+            LeftBlue,
+            RightRed,
+            RightGreen,
+            RightBlue,
+        };
+    }
+
+    // getters
+    std::vector<Button> &get_buttons();
+    std::vector<Analog> &get_analogs();
+    std::vector<Light> &get_lights();
+}
diff --git a/games/we/touchpanel.cpp b/games/we/touchpanel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..49d5f28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/we/touchpanel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include "touchpanel.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+
+namespace games::we {
+
+    struct TouchPanel {
+        int width, height;
+        uint8_t com_port;
+        uint64_t wait_receive_time;
+    };
+
+    static TouchPanel* __cdecl ac_touchpanel_new2(int width, int height, uint8_t com_port) {
+        auto tp = new TouchPanel();
+        tp->width = width;
+        tp->height = height;
+        tp->com_port = com_port;
+        tp->wait_receive_time = 0;
+        return tp;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_polling(TouchPanel *tp) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_set_keepalive_mode(TouchPanel *tp, uint8_t a2, int a3, int a4) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_renewal(TouchPanel *tp) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_check_wait_receive(TouchPanel *tp) {
+        if (tp) {
+            return get_system_milliseconds() >= tp->wait_receive_time;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_delete(TouchPanel *tp) {
+        if (tp) {
+            delete tp;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_get_keepalive_error(TouchPanel *tp) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_receive_check_diag(TouchPanel *tp, uint8_t *value) {
+        *value = 1;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_caribrate_set(TouchPanel *tp, int a2, int a3, int a4, int a5,
+            int width, int height, int a8, int a9) {
+        if (tp) {
+            tp->width = width;
+            tp->height = height;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_send_check_diag(TouchPanel *tp) {
+        if (tp) {
+            tp->wait_receive_time = get_system_milliseconds() + 128;
+            return true;
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    static void ac_touchpanel_translate(LPPOINT lpPoint) {
+
+        // try to find game window - the second window without title
+        static HWND target = 0;
+        if (target == 0) {
+            bool skip = false;
+            for (auto &hWnd : GRAPHICS_WINDOWS) {
+                char buffer[2] {};
+                auto len = GetWindowTextA(hWnd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+                if (len == 0) {
+                    if (skip) {
+                        target = hWnd;
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        skip = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // translate screen coordinates to game window
+        if (target) {
+            ScreenToClient(target, lpPoint);
+        }
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_read_on(TouchPanel *tp, int *x, int *y, int *z, bool *down) {
+        POINT pt {};
+        GetCursorPos(&pt);
+        ac_touchpanel_translate(&pt);
+        *x = pt.x;
+        *y = pt.y;
+        *z = 0xFF;
+        *down = GetKeyState(VK_LBUTTON) != 0;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    static bool __cdecl ac_touchpanel_read_on_direct(TouchPanel *tp, int *x, int *y, int *z, bool *down) {
+        POINT pt {};
+        GetCursorPos(&pt);
+        ac_touchpanel_translate(&pt);
+        *x = pt.x;
+        *y = pt.y;
+        *z = 0xFF;
+        *down = GetKeyState(VK_LBUTTON) != 0;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void touchpanel_init() {
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_new2", ac_touchpanel_new2);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_polling", ac_touchpanel_polling);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_set_keepalive_mode", ac_touchpanel_set_keepalive_mode);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_renewal", ac_touchpanel_renewal);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_check_wait_receive", ac_touchpanel_check_wait_receive);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_delete", ac_touchpanel_delete);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_get_keepalive_error", ac_touchpanel_get_keepalive_error);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_receive_check_diag", ac_touchpanel_receive_check_diag);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_caribrate_set", ac_touchpanel_caribrate_set);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_send_check_diag", ac_touchpanel_send_check_diag);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_read_on", ac_touchpanel_read_on);
+        detour::iat_try("ac_touchpanel_read_on_direct", ac_touchpanel_read_on_direct);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/games/we/touchpanel.h b/games/we/touchpanel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5dcf850
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/we/touchpanel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace games::we {
+
+    void touchpanel_init();
+}
diff --git a/games/we/we.cpp b/games/we/we.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..19f5d08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/we/we.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,146 @@
+#include "we.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "hooks/setupapihook.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "touchpanel.h"
+
+/*
+ * Available Flags
+ * PRODUCT_TITLE -> WORLD SOCCER Winning Eleven ARCADE CHAMPIONSHIP 2012
+ * IS_FULLSCREEN -> 1
+ * SCREEN_W -> 1280
+ * SCREEN_H -> 1024
+ * WAIT_VSYNC -> 1
+ * IS_USE_IO -> 1
+ * IS_USE_TOUCH_PANEL -> 1
+ * IO_BOARD_COM_PORT -> 2
+ * TOUCH_PANEL_COM_PORT -> 1
+ * IS_LCD_CONTROLED -> 1
+ * TEST_CARDID -> 000000000000000 (15!)
+ * IS_USE_AUDIO -> 1
+ * IS_USE_AUDIO_EQ -> 1
+ * IS_LOCATION_TEST -> 0
+ * DISCONN -> 1
+ * UNFAIR_CHECK -> 1
+ * SCREEN_A -> 0
+ * READ_FONT -> 1
+ * MEM_DEBUG -> 0
+ * MG_TEST -> 0
+ * DEBUG_CHAINA_IO -> 0
+ * ONLINEUPDATE_QUICK -> 0
+ * UDP_COMM_CANCEL -> 0
+ * ENABLE_BALL_MOVE -> NONE
+ * WE2008AC_PASS_08 -> NONE
+ * DISCONN -> NONE
+ */
+static void set_flag(std::string flag, std::string value) {
+    auto module = avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE;
+    if (module) {
+        char flag_pad[32] {};
+        char value_pad[32] {};
+        strncpy(flag_pad, flag.data(), sizeof(flag_pad));
+        strncpy(value_pad, value.data(), sizeof(value_pad));
+        if (replace_pattern(
+                module,
+                fmt::format("{}{}",
+                        bin2hex(flag_pad, sizeof(flag_pad)),
+                        std::string(32, '?')
+                ),
+                fmt::format("{}{}",
+                        bin2hex(flag_pad, sizeof(flag_pad)),
+                        bin2hex(value_pad, sizeof(value_pad))),
+                0, 0)) {
+            log_warning("we", "applied flag {}={}", flag, value);
+        } else {
+            log_warning("we", "couldn't apply flag {}={}", flag, value);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI GetCursorPos_hook(LPPOINT lpPoint) {
+
+    // TODO: not sure why this is required for the cursor to be shown
+    if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+        static auto cursor = ::LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
+        ::SetCursor(cursor);
+    }
+
+    // get cursor position
+    auto result = GetCursorPos(lpPoint);
+    if (result) {
+
+        // try to find game window - the second window without title
+        static HWND target = 0;
+        if (target == 0) {
+            bool skip = false;
+            for (auto &hWnd : GRAPHICS_WINDOWS) {
+                char buffer[2] {};
+                auto len = GetWindowTextA(hWnd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
+                if (len == 0) {
+                    if (skip) {
+                        target = hWnd;
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        skip = true;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // translate screen coordinates to game window
+        if (target) {
+            ScreenToClient(target, lpPoint);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return original result
+    return result;
+}
+
+games::we::WEGame::WEGame() : Game("Winning Eleven") {
+}
+
+void games::we::WEGame::attach() {
+    Game::attach();
+
+    // touchscreen device must just be present
+    SETUPAPI_SETTINGS touch_device {};
+    std::string touch_device_desc = "Elo TouchSystems 2700 IntelliTouch USB Touchmonitor Interface";
+    memcpy(touch_device.property_devicedesc, touch_device_desc.c_str(), touch_device_desc.length() + 1);
+    setupapihook_init(avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE);
+    setupapihook_add(touch_device);
+
+    // fix cursor position
+    detour::iat_try("GetCursorPos", GetCursorPos_hook);
+
+    // hooks for other touchscreen
+    touchpanel_init();
+
+    // make game not stretch window to main screen
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        set_flag("IS_FULLSCREEN", "0");
+    }
+
+    // LCD handle
+    devicehook_init();
+    devicehook_add(new games::shared::LCDHandle());
+
+    // Winning Eleven 2014 sleeps for 60 seconds in gameMain
+    auto weac = libutils::try_library(MODULE_PATH / "weac.dll");
+    if (weac != nullptr) {
+        hooks::sleep::init(59999, 1, weac);
+    }
+}
+
+void games::we::WEGame::detach() {
+    Game::detach();
+}
diff --git a/games/we/we.h b/games/we/we.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f290a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/games/we/we.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "games/game.h"
+
+namespace games::we {
+
+    class WEGame : public games::Game {
+    public:
+        WEGame();
+
+        virtual void attach() override;
+        virtual void detach() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/audio.cpp b/hooks/audio/audio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1be226a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/audio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+#include "audio.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
+
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+
+#include "audio_private.h"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator,
+    0xBCDE0395, 0xE52F, 0x467C,
+    0x8E, 0x3D, 0xC4, 0x57, 0x92, 0x91, 0x69, 0x2E);
+#endif
+
+// function pointers
+static decltype(CoCreateInstance) *CoCreateInstance_orig = nullptr;
+
+namespace hooks::audio {
+
+    // public globals
+    bool ENABLED = true;
+    bool VOLUME_HOOK_ENABLED = true;
+    bool USE_DUMMY = false;
+    WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE FORMAT {};
+    std::optional<Backend> BACKEND = std::nullopt;
+    size_t ASIO_DRIVER_ID = 0;
+    bool ASIO_FORCE_UNLOAD_ON_STOP = false;
+
+    // private globals
+    IAudioClient *CLIENT = nullptr;
+    std::mutex INITIALIZE_LOCK; // for asio
+}
+
+static HRESULT STDAPICALLTYPE CoCreateInstance_hook(
+    REFCLSID rclsid,
+    LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter,
+    DWORD dwClsContext,
+    REFIID riid,
+    LPVOID *ppv)
+{
+    // call original
+    HRESULT ret = CoCreateInstance_orig(rclsid, pUnkOuter, dwClsContext, riid, ppv);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        if (IsEqualCLSID(rclsid, CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator)) {
+            log_warning("audio", "CoCreateInstance failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // check if this is the audio device enumerator
+    if (IsEqualCLSID(rclsid, CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator)) {
+
+        // wrap object
+        auto mmde = reinterpret_cast<IMMDeviceEnumerator **>(ppv);
+        *mmde = new WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator(*mmde);
+    }
+
+    // return original result
+    return ret;
+}
+
+namespace hooks::audio {
+    void init() {
+        if (!ENABLED) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("audio", "initializing");
+        init_low_latency();
+
+        // general hooks
+        CoCreateInstance_orig = detour::iat_try("CoCreateInstance", CoCreateInstance_hook);
+    }
+
+    void stop() {
+        log_info("audio", "stopping");
+        if (CLIENT) {
+            CLIENT->Stop();
+            CLIENT->Release();
+            CLIENT = nullptr;
+        }
+        stop_low_latency();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/audio.h b/hooks/audio/audio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ea4517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/audio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <mmreg.h>
+#ifndef _MSC_VER
+#include <ks.h>
+#include <ksmedia.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace hooks::audio {
+    enum class Backend {
+        Asio,
+        WaveOut,
+    };
+
+    extern bool ENABLED;
+    extern bool VOLUME_HOOK_ENABLED;
+    extern bool USE_DUMMY;
+    extern WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE FORMAT;
+    extern std::optional<Backend> BACKEND;
+    extern size_t ASIO_DRIVER_ID;
+    extern bool ASIO_FORCE_UNLOAD_ON_STOP;
+    extern bool LOW_LATENCY_SHARED_WASAPI;
+
+    void init();
+    void stop();
+
+    inline std::optional<Backend> name_to_backend(const char *value) {
+        if (_stricmp(value, "asio") == 0) {
+            return Backend::Asio;
+        } else if (_stricmp(value, "waveout") == 0) {
+            return Backend::WaveOut;
+        }
+
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/audio_private.h b/hooks/audio/audio_private.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ea2e4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/audio_private.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.h"
+
+constexpr bool AUDIO_LOG_HRESULT = true;
+
+namespace hooks::audio {
+
+    extern IAudioClient *CLIENT;
+    extern std::mutex INITIALIZE_LOCK;
+    extern bool VOLUME_HOOK_ENABLED;
+    extern LowLatencyAudioClient *LOW_LATENCY_CLIENT;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c15789
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+#include "dsound_backend.h"
+
+#include <dsound.h>
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+static void *DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR = nullptr;
+static char DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_CONTENTS[16];
+static decltype(DirectSoundCreate8) *DirectSoundCreate8_orig = nullptr;
+
+static HRESULT WINAPI DirectSoundCreate8_hook(LPCGUID lpGUID, LPDIRECTSOUND8 *ppDS8, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter) {
+    log_misc("audio::dsound", "DirectSoundCreate8 hook hit");
+
+    // remove hook
+    if (DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR) {
+        detour::inline_restore(DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR, DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_CONTENTS);
+
+        if (DirectSoundCreate8_orig == nullptr) {
+            DirectSoundCreate8_orig = reinterpret_cast<decltype(DirectSoundCreate8) *>(DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    HRESULT result = DirectSoundCreate8_orig(lpGUID, ppDS8, pUnkOuter);
+    if (result != DS_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::dsound", "failed to create DirectSound interface");
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    *ppDS8 = new WrappedIDirectSound8(*ppDS8);
+
+    // add hook
+    if (DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR) {
+        detour::inline_noprotect((void *) DirectSoundCreate8_hook, DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+#pragma region WrappedIDirectSound8
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::QueryInterface(const IID &riid, void **ppvObject) {
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObject);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::Release() {
+    return pReal->Release();
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::CreateSoundBuffer(
+        LPCDSBUFFERDESC lpcDSBufferDesc,
+        LPLPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lplpDirectSoundBuffer,
+        IUnknown *pUnkOuter)
+{
+    HRESULT result = pReal->CreateSoundBuffer(lpcDSBufferDesc, lplpDirectSoundBuffer, pUnkOuter);
+    if (result != DS_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::dsound", "failed to create sound buffer");
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    *lplpDirectSoundBuffer = new WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer(*lplpDirectSoundBuffer);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::GetCaps(LPDSCAPS lpDSCaps) {
+    return pReal->GetCaps(lpDSCaps);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::DuplicateSoundBuffer(
+        LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lpDsbOriginal,
+        LPLPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lplpDsbDuplicate)
+{
+    return pReal->DuplicateSoundBuffer(lpDsbOriginal, lplpDsbDuplicate);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::SetCooperativeLevel(HWND hwnd, DWORD dwLevel) {
+    return pReal->SetCooperativeLevel(hwnd, dwLevel);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::Compact() {
+    return pReal->Compact();
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::GetSpeakerConfig(LPDWORD lpdwSpeakerConfig) {
+    return pReal->GetSpeakerConfig(lpdwSpeakerConfig);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::SetSpeakerConfig(DWORD dwSpeakerConfig) {
+    return pReal->SetSpeakerConfig(dwSpeakerConfig);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::Initialize(LPCGUID lpcGuid) {
+    return pReal->Initialize(lpcGuid);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSound8::VerifyCertification(LPDWORD pdwCertified) {
+    return pReal->VerifyCertification(pdwCertified);
+}
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::QueryInterface(const IID &riid, void **ppvObject) {
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObject);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::Release() {
+    return pReal->Release();
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::GetCaps(LPDSBCAPS lpDSBufferCaps) {
+    return pReal->GetCaps(lpDSBufferCaps);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::GetCurrentPosition(
+        LPDWORD lpdwCurrentPlayCursor,
+        LPDWORD lpdwCurrentWriteCursor)
+{
+    return pReal->GetCurrentPosition(lpdwCurrentPlayCursor, lpdwCurrentWriteCursor);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::GetFormat(
+        LPWAVEFORMATEX lpwfxFormat,
+        DWORD dwSizeAllocated,
+        LPDWORD lpdwSizeWritten)
+{
+    return pReal->GetFormat(lpwfxFormat, dwSizeAllocated, lpdwSizeWritten);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::GetVolume(LPLONG lplVolume) {
+    return pReal->GetVolume(lplVolume);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::GetPan(LPLONG lplpan) {
+    return pReal->GetPan(lplpan);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::GetFrequency(LPDWORD lpdwFrequency) {
+    return pReal->GetFrequency(lpdwFrequency);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::GetStatus(LPDWORD lpdwStatus) {
+    return pReal->GetStatus(lpdwStatus);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::Initialize(
+        LPDIRECTSOUND lpDirectSound,
+        LPCDSBUFFERDESC lpcDSBufferDesc)
+{
+    return pReal->Initialize(lpDirectSound, lpcDSBufferDesc);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::Lock(
+        DWORD dwOffset,
+        DWORD dwBytes,
+        LPVOID *ppvAudioPtr1,
+        LPDWORD pdwAudioBytes1,
+        LPVOID *ppvAudioPtr2,
+        LPDWORD pdwAudioBytes2,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return pReal->Lock(dwOffset, dwBytes, ppvAudioPtr1, pdwAudioBytes1, ppvAudioPtr2, pdwAudioBytes2, dwFlags);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::Play(
+        DWORD dwReserved1,
+        DWORD dwReserved2,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return pReal->Play(dwReserved1, dwReserved2, dwFlags);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::SetCurrentPosition(DWORD dwNewPosition) {
+    return pReal->SetCurrentPosition(dwNewPosition);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::SetFormat(LPCWAVEFORMATEX lpcfxFormat) {
+    HRESULT result = pReal->SetFormat(lpcfxFormat);
+    // for KBR, MBR
+    if (result == DSERR_ALLOCATED) {
+        log_info("audio::dsound", "WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::SetFormat returned DSERR_ALLOCATED");
+        return DS_OK;
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::SetVolume(LONG lVolume) {
+    return pReal->SetVolume(lVolume);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::SetPan(LONG lPan) {
+    return pReal->SetPan(lPan);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::SetFrequency(DWORD dwFrequency) {
+    return pReal->SetFrequency(dwFrequency);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::Stop() {
+    return pReal->Stop();
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::Unlock(
+        LPVOID pvAudioPtr1,
+        DWORD dwAudioBytes1,
+        LPVOID pvAudioPtr2,
+        DWORD dwAudioPtr2)
+{
+    return pReal->Unlock(pvAudioPtr1, dwAudioBytes1, pvAudioPtr2, dwAudioPtr2);
+}
+
+__declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer::Restore() {
+    return pReal->Restore();
+}
+#pragma endregion
+
+void audio_dsound_init() {
+    log_info("audio::dsound", "initializing");
+
+    // dsound inline hooks
+    HMODULE dsound = libutils::try_module("dsound.dll");
+    if (!dsound) {
+        log_info("audio::dsound", "skipping inline hooks");
+    } else {
+        DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR = (void *) libutils::get_proc(dsound, "DirectSoundCreate8");
+        detour::inline_preserve(reinterpret_cast<void *>(DirectSoundCreate8_hook), DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_ADR, DIRECT_SOUND_CREATE8_CONTENTS);
+    }
+
+    DirectSoundCreate8_orig = detour::iat_try("DirectSoundCreate8", DirectSoundCreate8_hook);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.h b/hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ffb577
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/dsound/dsound_backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <mmsystem.h>
+#include <dsound.h>
+
+void audio_dsound_init();
+
+struct WrappedIDirectSound8 : IDirectSound8 {
+    explicit WrappedIDirectSound8(IDirectSound8 *orig) : pReal(orig) {}
+
+    WrappedIDirectSound8(const WrappedIDirectSound8 &) = delete;
+    WrappedIDirectSound8 &operator=(const WrappedIDirectSound8 &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirectSound8() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppvObject) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI AddRef() override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirectSound8 methods
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI CreateSoundBuffer(LPCDSBUFFERDESC lpcDSBufferDesc, LPLPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lplpDirectSoundBuffer, IUnknown *pUnkOuter) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetCaps(LPDSCAPS lpDSCaps) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI DuplicateSoundBuffer(LPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lpDsbOriginal, LPLPDIRECTSOUNDBUFFER lplpDsbDuplicate) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI SetCooperativeLevel(HWND hwnd, DWORD dwLevel) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Compact() override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetSpeakerConfig(LPDWORD lpdwSpeakerConfig) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI SetSpeakerConfig(DWORD dwSpeakerConfig) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Initialize(LPCGUID lpcGuid) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI VerifyCertification(LPDWORD pdwCertified) override;
+#pragma endregion
+    
+private:
+    IDirectSound8 *pReal;
+};
+
+struct WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer : IDirectSoundBuffer {
+    explicit WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer(IDirectSoundBuffer *orig) : pReal(orig) {}
+
+    WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer(const WrappedIDirectSound8 &) = delete;
+    WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer &operator=(const WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirectSoundBuffer() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void** ppvObject) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI AddRef() override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) ULONG WINAPI Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirectSoundBuffer methods
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetCaps(LPDSBCAPS lpDSBufferCaps) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetCurrentPosition(LPDWORD lpdwCurrentPlayCursor, LPDWORD lpdwCurrentWriteCursor) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetFormat(LPWAVEFORMATEX lpwfxFormat, DWORD dwSizeAllocated, LPDWORD lpdwSizeWritten) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetVolume(LPLONG lplVolume) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetPan(LPLONG lplpan) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetFrequency(LPDWORD lpdwFrequency) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI GetStatus(LPDWORD lpdwStatus) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Initialize(LPDIRECTSOUND lpDirectSound, LPCDSBUFFERDESC lpcDSBufferDesc) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Lock(DWORD dwOffset, DWORD dwBytes, LPVOID *ppvAudioPtr1, LPDWORD pdwAudioBytes1, LPVOID *ppvAudioPtr2, LPDWORD pdwAudioBytes2, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Play(DWORD dwReserved1, DWORD dwReserved2, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI SetCurrentPosition(DWORD dwNewPosition) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI SetFormat(LPCWAVEFORMATEX lpcfxFormat) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI SetVolume(LONG lVolume) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI SetPan(LONG lPan) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI SetFrequency(DWORD dwFrequency) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Stop() override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Unlock(LPVOID pvAudioPtr1, DWORD dwAudioBytes1, LPVOID pvAudioPtr2, DWORD dwAudioPtr2) override;
+    __declspec (nothrow) HRESULT WINAPI Restore() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+private:
+    IDirectSoundBuffer *pReal;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1917b10
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include "audio_endpoint_volume.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == __uuidof(IAudioEndpointVolume)) {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::Release() {
+
+    // get reference count of underlying interface
+    ULONG refs = pReal != nullptr ? pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetMasterVolumeLevelScalar(float fLevel, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) {
+    log_misc("audio", "WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetMasterVolumeLevelScalar called; ignoring volume change");
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::RegisterControlChangeNotify(IAudioEndpointVolumeCallback *pNotify) {
+    return pReal->RegisterControlChangeNotify(pNotify);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::UnregisterControlChangeNotify(IAudioEndpointVolumeCallback *pNotify) {
+    return pReal->UnregisterControlChangeNotify(pNotify);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetChannelCount(uint32_t *pnChannelCount) {
+    return pReal->GetChannelCount(pnChannelCount);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetMasterVolumeLevel(float fLevelDB, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) {
+    log_misc("audio", "WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetMasterVolumeLevel called; ignoring volume change");
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetMasterVolumeLevel(float *fLevelDB) {
+    return pReal->GetMasterVolumeLevel(fLevelDB);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetMasterVolumeLevelScalar(float *fLevel) {
+    return pReal->GetMasterVolumeLevelScalar(fLevel);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetChannelVolumeLevel(uint32_t nChannel, float fLevelDB, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) {
+    log_misc("audio", "WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetChannelVolumeLevel called; ignoring volume change");
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetChannelVolumeLevelScalar(uint32_t nChannel, float fLevel, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) {
+    log_misc("audio", "WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetChannelVolumeLevelScalar called; ignoring volume change");
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetChannelVolumeLevel(uint32_t nChannel, float *fLevelDB) {
+    return pReal->GetChannelVolumeLevel(nChannel, fLevelDB);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetChannelVolumeLevelScalar(uint32_t nChannel, float *fLevel) {
+    return pReal->GetChannelVolumeLevelScalar(nChannel, fLevel);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetMute(WINBOOL bMute, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) {
+    log_misc("audio", "WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::SetMute called; ignoring volume change");
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetMute(WINBOOL *bMute) {
+    return pReal->GetMute(bMute);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetVolumeStepInfo(uint32_t *pnStep, uint32_t *pnStepCount) {
+    return pReal->GetVolumeStepInfo(pnStep, pnStepCount);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::VolumeStepUp(LPCGUID pguidEventContext) {
+    log_misc("audio", "WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::VolumeStepUp called; ignoring volume change");
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::VolumeStepDown(LPCGUID pguidEventContext) {
+    log_misc("audio", "WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::VolumeStepDown called; ignoring volume change");
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::QueryHardwareSupport(DWORD *pdwHardwareSupportMask) {
+    return pReal->QueryHardwareSupport(pdwHardwareSupportMask);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume::GetVolumeRange(float *pflVolumeMindB, float *pflVolumeMaxdB, float *pflVolumeIncrementdB) {
+    return pReal->GetVolumeRange(pflVolumeMindB, pflVolumeMaxdB, pflVolumeIncrementdB);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.h b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..205cf33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <endpointvolume.h>
+
+struct WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume : IAudioEndpointVolume {
+    explicit WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume(IAudioEndpointVolume *orig) : pReal(orig) {}
+
+    WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume(const WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume &) = delete;
+    WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume &operator=(const WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioEndpointVolume
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RegisterControlChangeNotify(IAudioEndpointVolumeCallback *pNotify) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnregisterControlChangeNotify(IAudioEndpointVolumeCallback *pNotify) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetChannelCount(uint32_t *pnChannelCount) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetMasterVolumeLevel(float fLevelDB, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetMasterVolumeLevelScalar(float fLevel, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetMasterVolumeLevel(float *fLevelDB) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetMasterVolumeLevelScalar(float *fLevel) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetChannelVolumeLevel(uint32_t nChannel, float fLevelDB, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetChannelVolumeLevelScalar(uint32_t nChannel, float fLevel, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetChannelVolumeLevel(uint32_t nChannel, float *fLevelDB) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetChannelVolumeLevelScalar(uint32_t nChannel, float *fLevel) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetMute(WINBOOL bMute, LPCGUID pguidEventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetMute(WINBOOL *bMute) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetVolumeStepInfo(uint32_t *pnStep, uint32_t *pnStepCount) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE VolumeStepUp(LPCGUID pguidEventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE VolumeStepDown(LPCGUID pguidEventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryHardwareSupport(DWORD *pdwHardwareSupportMask) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetVolumeRange(float *pflVolumeMindB, float *pflVolumeMaxdB, float *pflVolumeIncrementdB) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+private:
+    IAudioEndpointVolume *const pReal;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cbf014e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#include "device.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include <audioclient.h>
+#include <endpointvolume.h>
+
+#include "hooks/audio/audio_private.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/audio_endpoint_volume.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.h"
+
+#define PRINT_FAILED_RESULT(name, ret) \
+    do { \
+        if (AUDIO_LOG_HRESULT) { \
+            log_warning("audio::mmdevice", "{} failed, hr={}", name, FMT_HRESULT(ret)); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT(x) \
+    do { \
+        HRESULT __ret = (x); \
+        if (FAILED(__ret)) { \
+            PRINT_FAILED_RESULT(__FUNCTION__, __ret); \
+        } \
+        return __ret; \
+    } while (0)
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IMMDevice,
+        0xd666063f, 0x1587, 0x4e43,
+        0x81, 0xf1, 0xb9, 0x48, 0xe8, 0x07, 0x36, 0x3f);
+#endif
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_WrappedIMMDevice ||
+        riid == IID_IMMDevice)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::Release() {
+
+    // get reference count of underlying interface
+    ULONG refs = pReal != nullptr ? pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IMMDevice
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::Activate(
+    REFIID iid,
+    DWORD dwClsCtx,
+    PROPVARIANT *pActivationParams,
+    void **ppInterface)
+{
+    log_misc("audio::mmdevice", "WrappedIMMDevice::Activate");
+
+    // call original
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->Activate(iid, dwClsCtx, pActivationParams, ppInterface);
+
+    // check for failure
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IMMDevice::Activate", ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (iid == IID_IAudioClient) {
+
+        // prevent initialization recursion when using some ASIO backends that proxy to DirectSound, WASAPI, or WDM
+        // like ASIO4All or FlexASIO
+        if (!hooks::audio::INITIALIZE_LOCK.try_lock()) {
+            log_warning("audio::mmdevice", "ignoring wrap request while backend is initializing, possible recursion");
+            return ret;
+        }
+        std::lock_guard initialize_guard(hooks::audio::INITIALIZE_LOCK, std::adopt_lock);
+
+        auto client = reinterpret_cast<IAudioClient *>(*ppInterface);
+
+        // release old audio client if initialized
+        if (hooks::audio::CLIENT) {
+            hooks::audio::CLIENT->Release();
+        }
+
+        /*
+        ret = wrap_audio_client(pReal, dwClsCtx, pActivationParams, &client);
+        if (FAILED(ret)) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+        */
+        client = wrap_audio_client(client);
+
+        *ppInterface = client;
+
+        // persist the audio client
+        hooks::audio::CLIENT = client;
+        hooks::audio::CLIENT->AddRef();
+
+    } else if (iid == __uuidof(IAudioEndpointVolume) && hooks::audio::VOLUME_HOOK_ENABLED) {
+        *ppInterface = new WrappedIAudioEndpointVolume(reinterpret_cast<IAudioEndpointVolume *>(*ppInterface));
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::OpenPropertyStore(DWORD stgmAccess, IPropertyStore **ppProperties) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->OpenPropertyStore(stgmAccess, ppProperties));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::GetId(LPWSTR *ppstrId) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetId(ppstrId));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDevice::GetState(DWORD *pdwState) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetState(pdwState));
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.h b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0515696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+// {7CC2A363-D96F-4BE2-B6CF-2A44AADA424B}
+static const GUID IID_WrappedIMMDevice = {
+    0x7cc2a363, 0xd96f, 0x4be2, { 0xb6, 0xcf, 0x2a, 0x44, 0xaa, 0xda, 0x42, 0x4b }
+};
+
+struct WrappedIMMDevice : IMMDevice {
+    explicit WrappedIMMDevice(IMMDevice *orig) : pReal(orig) {
+    }
+
+    WrappedIMMDevice(const WrappedIMMDevice &) = delete;
+    WrappedIMMDevice &operator=(const WrappedIMMDevice &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIMMDevice() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IMMDevice
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Activate(REFIID iid, DWORD dwClsCtx, PROPVARIANT *pActivationParams, void **ppInterface) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE OpenPropertyStore(DWORD stgmAccess, IPropertyStore **ppProperties) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetId(LPWSTR *ppstrId) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetState(DWORD *pdwState) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    IMMDevice *const pReal;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5baf04a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "device_enumerator.h"
+#include "device.h"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator,
+        0xa95664d2, 0x9614, 0x4f35,
+        0xa7, 0x46, 0xde, 0x8d, 0xb6, 0x36, 0x17, 0xe6);
+#endif
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator) {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::Release() {
+
+    // get reference count of underlying interface
+    ULONG refs = pReal != nullptr ? pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::EnumAudioEndpoints(
+    EDataFlow dataFlow,
+    DWORD dwStateMask,
+    IMMDeviceCollection **ppDevices)
+{
+    return pReal->EnumAudioEndpoints(dataFlow, dwStateMask, ppDevices);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(
+    EDataFlow dataFlow,
+    ERole role,
+    IMMDevice **ppEndpoint)
+{
+    // call orignal
+    HRESULT ret = this->pReal->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(dataFlow, role, ppEndpoint);
+
+    // check for failure
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_warning("audio", "IMMDeviceEnumerator::GetDefaultAudioEndpoint failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // wrap interface
+    *ppEndpoint = new WrappedIMMDevice(*ppEndpoint);
+
+    // return original result
+    return ret;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::GetDevice(
+    LPCWSTR pwstrId,
+    IMMDevice **ppDevice)
+{
+    return pReal->GetDevice(pwstrId, ppDevice);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback(
+    IMMNotificationClient *pClient)
+{
+    return pReal->RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback(pClient);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator::UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback(
+    IMMNotificationClient *pClient)
+{
+    return pReal->UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback(pClient);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.h b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7eaf8fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/mmdevice/device_enumerator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+struct WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator : IMMDeviceEnumerator {
+    explicit WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator(IMMDeviceEnumerator *orig) : pReal(orig) {
+    }
+
+    WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator(const WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator &) = delete;
+    WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator &operator=(const WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIMMDeviceEnumerator() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IMMDeviceEnumerator
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumAudioEndpoints(EDataFlow dataFlow, DWORD dwStateMask, IMMDeviceCollection **ppDevices) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(EDataFlow dataFlow, ERole role, IMMDevice **ppEndpoint) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDevice(LPCWSTR pwstrId, IMMDevice **ppDevice) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback(IMMNotificationClient *pClient) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback(IMMNotificationClient *pClient) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+private:
+    IMMDeviceEnumerator *const pReal;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..222506c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,484 @@
+#include "audio_client.h"
+
+#include <ks.h>
+#include <ksmedia.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/util.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/implementations/asio.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.h"
+//#include "util/co_task_mem_ptr.h"
+
+#include "defs.h"
+#include "dummy_audio_client.h"
+#include "wasapi_private.h"
+
+#if 0
+#define WRAP_DEBUG log_misc("audio::wasapi", "{}::{}", CLASS_NAME, __func__)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) log_misc("audio::wasapi", format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_DEBUG do {} while (0)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE log_misc("audio::wasapi", "{}::{}", CLASS_NAME, __func__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+const char CLASS_NAME[] = "WrappedIAudioClient";
+
+static void fix_rec_format(WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat) {
+    log_misc("audio::wasapi", "changing format to 2ch 16-bit");
+
+    pFormat->nChannels = 2;
+    pFormat->wBitsPerSample = 16;
+    pFormat->nBlockAlign = pFormat->nChannels * (pFormat->wBitsPerSample / 8);
+    pFormat->nAvgBytesPerSec = pFormat->nSamplesPerSec * pFormat->nBlockAlign;
+}
+
+// TODO(felix): is it appropriate to automatically switch to shared mode? should we do a
+// `MessageBox` to notify the user?
+/*
+static bool check_for_exclusive_access(IAudioClient *client) {
+    static bool checked_once = false;
+    static bool previous_check_result = false;
+
+    CoTaskMemPtr<WAVEFORMATEX> mix_format;
+    REFERENCE_TIME requested_duration = 0;
+
+    if (checked_once) {
+        return previous_check_result;
+    }
+    if (audio::BACKEND.has_value()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // scope function so it has access to the local static variables
+    auto set_result = [](bool result) {
+        checked_once = true;
+        previous_check_result = result;
+
+        return result;
+    };
+
+    HRESULT ret = client->GetMixFormat(mix_format.ppv());
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient::GetMixFormat", ret);
+        return set_result(false);
+    }
+
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "Mix Format:");
+    print_format(mix_format.data());
+
+    ret = client->IsFormatSupported(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE, mix_format.data(), nullptr);
+    if (ret == AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT) {
+        auto mix_format_ex = reinterpret_cast<WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *>(mix_format.data());
+
+        log_warning("audio::wasapi", "device does not natively support the mix format, converting to PCM");
+
+        if (mix_format->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE &&
+            IsEqualGUID(GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT, mix_format_ex->SubFormat))
+        {
+            mix_format_ex->Format.wBitsPerSample = 16;
+            mix_format_ex->Format.nBlockAlign = mix_format_ex->Format.nChannels * (mix_format_ex->Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);
+            mix_format_ex->Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = mix_format_ex->Format.nSamplesPerSec * mix_format_ex->Format.nBlockAlign;
+            mix_format_ex->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = 16;
+            mix_format_ex->SubFormat = GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;
+        } else if (mix_format->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT) {
+            mix_format->wBitsPerSample = 16;
+            mix_format->nBlockAlign = mix_format->nChannels * (mix_format->wBitsPerSample / 8);
+            mix_format->nAvgBytesPerSec = mix_format->nSamplesPerSec * mix_format->nBlockAlign;
+            mix_format->wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("audio::wasapi", "mix format is not a floating point format");
+            return set_result(false);
+        }
+
+        ret = client->IsFormatSupported(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE, mix_format.data(), nullptr);
+        if (FAILED(ret)) {
+            log_warning("audio::wasapi", "mix format is not supported");
+            return set_result(false);
+        }
+    }
+
+    ret = client->GetDevicePeriod(nullptr, &requested_duration);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient::GetDevicePeriod", ret);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    ret = client->Initialize(
+            AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+            AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK,
+            requested_duration,
+            requested_duration,
+            mix_format.data(),
+            nullptr);
+
+    if (ret == AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_NOT_ALIGNED || SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+        log_info("audio::wasapi", "exclusive mode is available, disabling backend");
+        return set_result(true);
+    } else {
+        log_warning("audio::wasapi", "exclusive mode is not available, enabling backend, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    }
+
+    return set_result(false);
+}
+
+HRESULT wrap_audio_client(
+    IMMDevice *device,
+    DWORD cls_ctx,
+    PROPVARIANT *activation_params,
+    IAudioClient **audio_client)
+{
+    auto exclusive_available = check_for_exclusive_access(*audio_client);
+    (*audio_client)->Stop();
+    (*audio_client)->Reset();
+    (*audio_client)->Release();
+    *audio_client = nullptr;
+
+    SAFE_CALL("IMMDevice", "Activate", device->Activate(
+            IID_IAudioClient,
+            cls_ctx,
+            activation_params,
+            reinterpret_cast<void **>(audio_client)));
+*/
+IAudioClient *wrap_audio_client(IAudioClient *audio_client) {
+    AudioBackend *backend = nullptr;
+    bool requires_dummy = false;
+
+    if (hooks::audio::BACKEND.has_value()) {
+        switch (hooks::audio::BACKEND.value()) {
+            case hooks::audio::Backend::Asio:
+                backend = new AsioBackend();
+                requires_dummy = true;
+                break;
+            case hooks::audio::Backend::WaveOut:
+                backend = new WaveOutBackend();
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    //} else if (!exclusive_available) {
+    //    backend = new WaveOutBackend();
+    //}
+
+    IAudioClient *new_client;
+
+    if (hooks::audio::USE_DUMMY || requires_dummy) {
+
+        // release the old context since it is not used by the dummy context
+        audio_client->Release();
+
+        new_client = new DummyIAudioClient(backend);
+    } else {
+        new_client = new WrappedIAudioClient(audio_client, backend);
+    }
+
+    return new_client;
+}
+
+// IUnknown
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_WrappedIAudioClient ||
+        riid == IID_IAudioClient)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::Release() {
+
+    // get reference count of underlying interface
+    ULONG refs = pReal != nullptr ? pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IAudioClient
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::Initialize(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode,
+    DWORD StreamFlags,
+    REFERENCE_TIME hnsBufferDuration,
+    REFERENCE_TIME hnsPeriodicity,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!pFormat) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    // check if format needs to be fixed
+    if (pFormat->nChannels > 2 && avs::game::is_model("REC")) {
+        fix_rec_format(const_cast<WAVEFORMATEX *>(pFormat));
+    }
+
+    // verbose output
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "IAudioClient::Initialize hook hit");
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... ShareMode         : {}", share_mode_str(ShareMode));
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... StreamFlags       : {}", stream_flags_str(StreamFlags));
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... hnsBufferDuration : {}", hnsBufferDuration);
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... hnsPeriodicity    : {}", hnsPeriodicity);
+    print_format(pFormat);
+
+    if (this->backend) {
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_initialize", this->backend->on_initialize(
+                &ShareMode,
+                &StreamFlags,
+                &hnsBufferDuration,
+                &hnsPeriodicity,
+                pFormat,
+                AudioSessionGuid));
+
+        log_info("audio::wasapi", "AudioBackend::on_initialize call finished");
+        log_info("audio::wasapi", "... ShareMode         : {}", share_mode_str(ShareMode));
+        log_info("audio::wasapi", "... StreamFlags       : {}", stream_flags_str(StreamFlags));
+        log_info("audio::wasapi", "... hnsBufferDuration : {}", hnsBufferDuration);
+        log_info("audio::wasapi", "... hnsPeriodicity    : {}", hnsPeriodicity);
+        print_format(pFormat);
+    }
+
+    // check for exclusive mode
+    if (ShareMode == AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE) {
+        this->exclusive_mode = true;
+        this->frame_size = pFormat->nChannels * (pFormat->wBitsPerSample / 8);
+    }
+
+    // call next
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->Initialize(
+            ShareMode,
+            StreamFlags,
+            hnsBufferDuration,
+            hnsPeriodicity,
+            pFormat,
+            AudioSessionGuid);
+
+    // check for failure
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient", "Initialize", ret);
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "IAudioClient::Initialize success, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+
+    /*
+    if (ShareMode == AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED) {
+        IAudioClockAdjustment *clock = nullptr;
+
+        SAFE_CALL("IAudioClient", "GetService", pReal->GetService(
+                IID_IAudioClockAdjustment,
+                reinterpret_cast<void **>(&clock)));
+
+        SAFE_CALL("IAudioClockAdjustment", "SetSampleRate", clock->SetSampleRate(
+                static_cast<float>(pFormat->nSamplesPerSec)));
+    }
+    */
+
+    copy_wave_format(&hooks::audio::FORMAT, pFormat);
+
+    return ret;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::GetBufferSize(UINT32 *pNumBufferFrames) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "WrappedIAudioClient::GetBufferSize");
+    });
+
+    if (this->backend) {
+        uint32_t buffer_frames = 0;
+
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_get_buffer_size", this->backend->on_get_buffer_size(&buffer_frames));
+
+        if (buffer_frames > 0) {
+            *pNumBufferFrames = buffer_frames;
+
+            return S_OK;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetBufferSize(pNumBufferFrames));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::GetStreamLatency(REFERENCE_TIME *phnsLatency) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "WrappedIAudioClient::GetStreamLatency");
+    });
+
+    if (this->backend) {
+        REFERENCE_TIME latency = 0;
+
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_get_stream_latency", this->backend->on_get_stream_latency(
+                &latency));
+
+        if (latency > 0) {
+            *phnsLatency = latency;
+
+            return S_OK;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetStreamLatency(phnsLatency));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::GetCurrentPadding(UINT32 *pNumPaddingFrames) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "WrappedIAudioClient::GetCurrentPadding");
+    });
+
+    if (pNumPaddingFrames && this->backend) {
+        std::optional<uint32_t> padding_frames;
+
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_get_current_padding",this->backend->on_get_current_padding(
+                padding_frames));
+
+        if (padding_frames.has_value()) {
+            *pNumPaddingFrames = padding_frames.value();
+
+            return S_OK;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetCurrentPadding(pNumPaddingFrames));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::IsFormatSupported(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    if (!pFormat) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    // check if format needs to be fixed
+    if (avs::game::is_model("REC") && pFormat->nChannels > 2) {
+        fix_rec_format(const_cast<WAVEFORMATEX *>(pFormat));
+    }
+
+    if (this->backend) {
+        HRESULT ret = this->backend->on_is_format_supported(&ShareMode, pFormat, ppClosestMatch);
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        // return errors other than unsupported format
+        if (ret != AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT) {
+            SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_is_format_supported", ret);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->IsFormatSupported(ShareMode, pFormat, ppClosestMatch));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::GetMixFormat(WAVEFORMATEX **ppDeviceFormat) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    if (!ppDeviceFormat) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (this->backend) {
+        HRESULT ret = this->backend->on_get_mix_format(ppDeviceFormat);
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        // return errors other than E_NOTIMPL
+        if (ret != E_NOTIMPL) {
+            SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_get_mix_format", ret);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetMixFormat(ppDeviceFormat));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::GetDevicePeriod(
+    REFERENCE_TIME *phnsDefaultDevicePeriod,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *phnsMinimumDevicePeriod)
+{
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "WrappedIAudioClient::GetDevicePeriod");
+    });
+
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->GetDevicePeriod(phnsDefaultDevicePeriod, phnsMinimumDevicePeriod);
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret) && this->backend) {
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_get_device_period", this->backend->on_get_device_period(
+                phnsDefaultDevicePeriod,
+                phnsMinimumDevicePeriod));
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::Start() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->Start();
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret) && this->backend) {
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_start", this->backend->on_start());
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::Stop() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->Stop();
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret) && this->backend) {
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_stop", this->backend->on_stop());
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::Reset() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->Reset());
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::SetEventHandle(HANDLE eventHandle) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    if (this->backend) {
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_set_event_handle", this->backend->on_set_event_handle(&eventHandle));
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetEventHandle(eventHandle));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioClient::GetService(REFIID riid, void **ppv) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("WrappedIAudioClient::GetService({})", guid2s(riid));
+
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->GetService(riid, ppv);
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret) && ppv && *ppv && riid == IID_IAudioRenderClient) {
+        auto render_client = reinterpret_cast<IAudioRenderClient *>(*ppv);
+
+        *ppv = new WrappedIAudioRenderClient(this, render_client);
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c85dea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
+
+#include "hooks/audio/implementations/backend.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio_private.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "audio_render_client.h"
+
+// {1FBC8530-AF3E-4128-B418-115DE72F76B6}
+static const GUID IID_WrappedIAudioClient = {
+    0x1fbc8530, 0xaf3e, 0x4128, { 0xb4, 0x18, 0x11, 0x5d, 0xe7, 0x2f, 0x76, 0xb6 }
+};
+
+IAudioClient *wrap_audio_client(IAudioClient *client);
+
+struct WrappedIAudioClient : IAudioClient {
+    explicit WrappedIAudioClient(IAudioClient *orig, AudioBackend *backend) : pReal(orig), backend(backend) {
+    }
+
+    WrappedIAudioClient(const WrappedIAudioClient &) = delete;
+    WrappedIAudioClient &operator=(const WrappedIAudioClient &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIAudioClient() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioClient
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Initialize(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode, DWORD StreamFlags, REFERENCE_TIME hnsBufferDuration, REFERENCE_TIME hnsPeriodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat, LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBufferSize(UINT32 *pNumBufferFrames) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetStreamLatency(REFERENCE_TIME *phnsLatency) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetCurrentPadding(UINT32 *pNumPaddingFrames) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE IsFormatSupported(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetMixFormat(WAVEFORMATEX **ppDeviceFormat) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDevicePeriod(REFERENCE_TIME *phnsDefaultDevicePeriod, REFERENCE_TIME *phnsMinimumDevicePeriod) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Start() override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Stop() override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Reset() override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetEventHandle(HANDLE eventHandle) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetService(REFIID riid, void **ppv) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    IAudioClient *const pReal;
+    AudioBackend *const backend;
+
+    bool exclusive_mode = false;
+    int frame_size = 0;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_render_client.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_render_client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a90ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_render_client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include "audio_render_client.h"
+
+#include "audio_client.h"
+#include "wasapi_private.h"
+
+const char CLASS_NAME[] = "WrappedIAudioRenderClient";
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioRenderClient::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_WrappedIAudioRenderClient ||
+        riid == IID_IAudioRenderClient)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioRenderClient::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioRenderClient::Release() {
+
+    // get reference count of underlying interface
+    ULONG refs = pReal != nullptr ? pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IAudioRenderClient
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioRenderClient::GetBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesRequested, BYTE **ppData) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "WrappedIAudioRenderClient::GetBuffer");
+    });
+
+    if (this->client->backend) {
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_get_buffer", this->client->backend->on_get_buffer(
+                NumFramesRequested,
+                ppData));
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->GetBuffer(NumFramesRequested, ppData);
+
+    // store buffer reference
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+        this->audio_buffer = *ppData;
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIAudioRenderClient::ReleaseBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesWritten, DWORD dwFlags) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "WrappedIAudioRenderClient::ReleaseBuffer");
+    });
+
+    if (this->client->backend) {
+        SAFE_CALL("AudioBackend", "on_release_buffer", this->client->backend->on_release_buffer(
+                NumFramesWritten,
+                dwFlags));
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    // fix for audio pop effect
+    if (this->buffers_to_mute > 0 && this->client->frame_size > 0) {
+
+        // zero out = mute
+        memset(this->audio_buffer, 0, NumFramesWritten * this->client->frame_size);
+
+        this->buffers_to_mute--;
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->ReleaseBuffer(NumFramesWritten, dwFlags));
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_render_client.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_render_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d8c2081
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_render_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+
+struct WrappedIAudioClient;
+
+// {1CB6ABEE-1181-4FF7-8449-1CA18C2109E3}
+static const GUID IID_WrappedIAudioRenderClient = {
+    0x1cb6abee, 0x1181, 0x4ff7, { 0x84, 0x49, 0x1c, 0xa1, 0x8c, 0x21, 0x09, 0xe3 }
+};
+
+struct WrappedIAudioRenderClient : IAudioRenderClient {
+    explicit WrappedIAudioRenderClient(WrappedIAudioClient *client, IAudioRenderClient *orig) : pReal(orig), client(client) {
+    }
+
+    WrappedIAudioRenderClient(const WrappedIAudioRenderClient &) = delete;
+    WrappedIAudioRenderClient &operator=(const WrappedIAudioRenderClient &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIAudioRenderClient() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioClient
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesRequested, BYTE **ppData) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ReleaseBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesWritten, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    IAudioRenderClient *const pReal;
+    WrappedIAudioClient *const client;
+
+    int buffers_to_mute = 16;
+    BYTE *audio_buffer = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/defs.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/defs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ea3080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/defs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+
+// missing from MinGW
+#ifndef AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY
+#define AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY 0x08000000
+#endif
+#ifndef AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM
+#define AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM 0x80000000
+#endif
+
+// defined starting with Windows 10, version 1803
+// https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/coreaudio/audclnt-streamflags-xxx-constants
+#ifndef AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_PREVENT_LOOPBACK_CAPTURE
+#define AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_PREVENT_LOOPBACK_CAPTURE 0x01000000
+#endif
+
+DEFINE_GUID(GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM,
+    0x00000001, 0x0000, 0x0010,
+    0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71);
+
+DEFINE_GUID(GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT,
+    0x00000003, 0x0000, 0x0010,
+    0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71);
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IAudioClient,
+    0x1cb9ad4c, 0xdbfa, 0x4c32,
+    0xb1, 0x78, 0xc2, 0xf5, 0x68, 0xa7, 0x03, 0xb2);
+
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IAudioClock,
+    0xcd63314f, 0x3fba, 0x4a1b,
+    0x81, 0x2c, 0xef, 0x96, 0x35, 0x87, 0x28, 0xe7);
+
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IAudioClock2,
+    0x6f49ff73, 0x6727, 0x49ac,
+    0xa0, 0x08, 0xd9, 0x8c, 0xf5, 0xe7, 0x00, 0x48);
+
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IAudioClockAdjustment,
+    0xf6e4c0a0, 0x46d9, 0x4fb8,
+    0xbe, 0x21, 0x57, 0xa3, 0xef, 0x2b, 0x62, 0x6c);
+
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IAudioRenderClient,
+    0xf294acfc, 0x3146, 0x4483,
+    0xa7, 0xbf, 0xad, 0xdc, 0xa7, 0xc2, 0x60, 0xe2);
+
+DEFINE_GUID(IID_IAudioSessionControl,
+    0xf4b1a599, 0x7266, 0x4319,
+    0xa8, 0xca, 0xe7, 0x0a, 0xcb, 0x11, 0xe8, 0xcd);
+#endif
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4478ec5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+#include "dummy_audio_client.h"
+
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/util.h"
+
+#include "defs.h"
+#include "dummy_audio_clock.h"
+#include "dummy_audio_render_client.h"
+#include "dummy_audio_session_control.h"
+#include "util.h"
+#include "wasapi_private.h"
+
+#if 0
+#define WRAP_DEBUG log_misc("audio::wasapi", "{}::{}", CLASS_NAME, __func__)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) log_misc("audio::wasapi", format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_DEBUG do {} while (0)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+#if 1
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE log_misc("audio::wasapi", "{}::{}", CLASS_NAME, __func__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+const char CLASS_NAME[] = "DummyIAudioClient";
+
+// IUnknown
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_DummyIAudioClient ||
+        riid == IID_IAudioClient)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::AddRef() {
+    return ++this->ref_cnt;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::Release() {
+    ULONG refs = --this->ref_cnt;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IAudioClient
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::Initialize(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode,
+    DWORD StreamFlags,
+    REFERENCE_TIME hnsBufferDuration,
+    REFERENCE_TIME hnsPeriodicity,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!pFormat) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    // verbose output
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "IAudioClient::Initialize hook hit");
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... ShareMode         : {}", share_mode_str(ShareMode));
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... StreamFlags       : {}", stream_flags_str(StreamFlags));
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... hnsBufferDuration : {}", hnsBufferDuration);
+    log_info("audio::wasapi", "... hnsPeriodicity    : {}", hnsPeriodicity);
+    print_format(pFormat);
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_initialize(
+        &ShareMode,
+        &StreamFlags,
+        &hnsBufferDuration,
+        &hnsPeriodicity,
+        pFormat,
+        AudioSessionGuid));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::GetBufferSize(UINT32 *pNumBufferFrames) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioClient::GetBufferSize");
+    });
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_get_buffer_size(pNumBufferFrames));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::GetStreamLatency(REFERENCE_TIME *phnsLatency) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioClient::GetStreamLatency");
+    });
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_get_stream_latency(phnsLatency));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::GetCurrentPadding(UINT32 *pNumPaddingFrames) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioClient::GetCurrentPadding");
+    });
+
+    if (!pNumPaddingFrames) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    std::optional<uint32_t> padding_frames;
+
+    HRESULT ret = this->backend->on_get_current_padding(padding_frames);
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+        *pNumPaddingFrames = padding_frames.value_or(0);
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::IsFormatSupported(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    if (!pFormat) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_is_format_supported(&ShareMode, pFormat, ppClosestMatch));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::GetMixFormat(WAVEFORMATEX **ppDeviceFormat) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    if (!ppDeviceFormat) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_get_mix_format(ppDeviceFormat));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::GetDevicePeriod(
+    REFERENCE_TIME *phnsDefaultDevicePeriod,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *phnsMinimumDevicePeriod)
+{
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioClient::GetDevicePeriod");
+    });
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_get_device_period(
+        phnsDefaultDevicePeriod,
+        phnsMinimumDevicePeriod));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::Start() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    HRESULT ret = this->backend->on_start();
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+        for (auto &handler : this->session_notification_handlers) {
+            handler->OnStateChanged(AudioSessionStateActive);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::Stop() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    HRESULT ret = this->backend->on_stop();
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret)) {
+        for (auto &handler : this->session_notification_handlers) {
+            handler->OnStateChanged(AudioSessionStateInactive);
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::Reset() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::SetEventHandle(HANDLE eventHandle) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->backend->on_set_event_handle(&eventHandle));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClient::GetService(REFIID riid, void **ppv) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("DummyIAudioClient::GetService({})", guid2s(riid));
+
+    if (ppv) {
+        if (riid == IID_IAudioRenderClient) {
+            *ppv = new DummyIAudioRenderClient(this);
+
+            return S_OK;
+        } else if (riid == IID_IAudioSessionControl) {
+            *ppv = new DummyIAudioSessionControl(this);
+
+            return S_OK;
+        } else if (riid == IID_IAudioClock) {
+            *ppv = new DummyIAudioClock(this->backend);
+
+            return S_OK;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(E_NOINTERFACE);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..947cd82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+#include <audiopolicy.h>
+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
+
+#include "hooks/audio/implementations/backend.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/implementations/asio.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio_private.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+// {F0842A04-0F8E-4F5C-B3FF-0ED24C589BDA}
+static const GUID IID_DummyIAudioClient = {
+    0xf0842a04, 0x0f8e, 0x4f5c, { 0xb3, 0xff, 0x0e, 0xd2, 0x4c, 0x58, 0x9b, 0xda }
+};
+
+struct DummyIAudioClient : IAudioClient {
+    explicit DummyIAudioClient(AudioBackend *backend) : backend(backend) {
+        if (!this->backend) {
+            log_fatal("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioClient: no backend initialized");
+        }
+    }
+
+    DummyIAudioClient(const DummyIAudioClient &) = delete;
+    DummyIAudioClient &operator=(const DummyIAudioClient &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~DummyIAudioClient() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "~DummyIAudioClient");
+
+        delete this->backend;
+    }
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioClient
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Initialize(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode, DWORD StreamFlags, REFERENCE_TIME hnsBufferDuration, REFERENCE_TIME hnsPeriodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat, LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBufferSize(UINT32 *pNumBufferFrames) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetStreamLatency(REFERENCE_TIME *phnsLatency) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetCurrentPadding(UINT32 *pNumPaddingFrames) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE IsFormatSupported(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE ShareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetMixFormat(WAVEFORMATEX **ppDeviceFormat) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDevicePeriod(REFERENCE_TIME *phnsDefaultDevicePeriod, REFERENCE_TIME *phnsMinimumDevicePeriod) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Start() override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Stop() override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Reset() override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetEventHandle(HANDLE eventHandle) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetService(REFIID riid, void **ppv) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_cnt = 1;
+
+    AudioBackend *const backend;
+
+    std::vector<IAudioSessionEvents *> session_notification_handlers;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_clock.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_clock.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9fab2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_clock.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#include "dummy_audio_clock.h"
+
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_client.h"
+
+#include "wasapi_private.h"
+
+const char CLASS_NAME[] = "DummyIAudioClock";
+
+// IUnknown
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClock::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_DummyIAudioClock ||
+        riid == IID_IAudioClock)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClock::AddRef() {
+    return ++this->ref_cnt;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClock::Release() {
+    ULONG refs = --this->ref_cnt;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IAudioClock
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClock::GetFrequency(UINT64 *pu64Frequency) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioClock::GetFrequency");
+    });
+
+    if (!pu64Frequency) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    *pu64Frequency = static_cast<UINT64>(this->backend->format().Format.nSamplesPerSec);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClock::GetPosition(
+    UINT64 *pu64Position,
+    UINT64 *pu64QPCPosition)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(E_NOTIMPL);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioClock::GetCharacteristics(DWORD *pdwCharacteristics) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(E_NOTIMPL);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_clock.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_clock.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ad7499a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_clock.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audiopolicy.h>
+
+struct AudioBackend;
+
+// {8AE52B4A-ACC4-420C-9169-BA8AF07A251F}
+static const GUID IID_DummyIAudioClock = {
+    0x8ae52b4a, 0xacc4, 0x420c, { 0x91, 0x69, 0xba, 0x8a, 0xf0, 0x7a, 0x25, 0x1f }
+};
+
+struct DummyIAudioClock : IAudioClock {
+    explicit DummyIAudioClock(AudioBackend *backend) : backend(backend) {
+    }
+
+    DummyIAudioClock(const DummyIAudioClock &) = delete;
+    DummyIAudioClock &operator=(const DummyIAudioClock &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~DummyIAudioClock() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioClock
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetFrequency(UINT64 *pu64Frequency) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPosition(UINT64 *pu64Position, UINT64 *pu64QPCPosition) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetCharacteristics(DWORD *pdwCharacteristics) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    AudioBackend *const backend;
+
+    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_cnt = 1;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_render_client.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_render_client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c60ecf4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_render_client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+#include "dummy_audio_render_client.h"
+
+#include "dummy_audio_client.h"
+#include "wasapi_private.h"
+
+const char CLASS_NAME[] = "DummyIAudioRenderClient";
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioRenderClient::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_DummyIAudioRenderClient ||
+        riid == IID_IAudioRenderClient)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioRenderClient::AddRef() {
+    return ++this->ref_cnt;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioRenderClient::Release() {
+    ULONG refs = --this->ref_cnt;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IAudioRenderClient
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioRenderClient::GetBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesRequested, BYTE **ppData) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioRenderClient::GetBuffer");
+    });
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->client->backend->on_get_buffer(
+            NumFramesRequested,
+            ppData));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioRenderClient::ReleaseBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesWritten, DWORD dwFlags) {
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("audio::wasapi", "DummyIAudioRenderClient::ReleaseBuffer");
+    });
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(this->client->backend->on_release_buffer(
+            NumFramesWritten,
+            dwFlags));
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_render_client.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_render_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28795a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_render_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+
+struct DummyIAudioClient;
+
+// {453BF965-DDA4-4234-8846-F02BA5E874B7}
+static const GUID IID_DummyIAudioRenderClient = {
+    0x453bf965, 0xdda4, 0x4234, { 0x88, 0x46, 0xf0, 0x2b, 0xa5, 0xe8, 0x74, 0xb7 }
+};
+
+struct DummyIAudioRenderClient : IAudioRenderClient {
+    explicit DummyIAudioRenderClient(DummyIAudioClient *client) : client(client) {
+    }
+
+    DummyIAudioRenderClient(const DummyIAudioRenderClient &) = delete;
+    DummyIAudioRenderClient &operator=(const DummyIAudioRenderClient &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~DummyIAudioRenderClient() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioClient
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesRequested, BYTE **ppData) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ReleaseBuffer(UINT32 NumFramesWritten, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_cnt = 1;
+
+    DummyIAudioClient *const client;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_session_control.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_session_control.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f20beae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_session_control.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+#include "dummy_audio_session_control.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include "dummy_audio_client.h"
+#include "wasapi_private.h"
+
+#if 1
+#define WRAP_DEBUG log_misc("audio::wasapi", "{}::{}", CLASS_NAME, __func__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_DEBUG do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+const char CLASS_NAME[] = "DummyIAudioSessionControl";
+
+// IUnknown
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_DummyIAudioSessionControl ||
+        riid == IID_IAudioSessionControl)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::AddRef() {
+    return ++this->ref_cnt;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::Release() {
+    ULONG refs = --this->ref_cnt;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IAudioSessionControl
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::GetState(AudioSessionState *pRetVal) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(E_NOTIMPL);
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::GetDisplayName(LPWSTR *pRetVal) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!pRetVal) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    auto length = this->display_name.length();
+    auto value = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(CoTaskMemAlloc(length + 1));
+
+    if (!value) {
+        CHECK_RESULT(E_OUTOFMEMORY);
+    }
+
+    memcpy(value, this->display_name.c_str(), length);
+    value[length] = L'\0';
+
+    *pRetVal = value;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::SetDisplayName(
+    LPCWSTR Value,
+    LPCGUID EventContext)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!Value) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    this->display_name = std::wstring(Value);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::GetIconPath(LPWSTR *pRetVal) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!pRetVal) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    auto length = this->icon_path.length();
+    auto value = reinterpret_cast<LPWSTR>(CoTaskMemAlloc(length + 1));
+
+    if (!value) {
+        CHECK_RESULT(E_OUTOFMEMORY);
+    }
+
+    memcpy(value, this->icon_path.c_str(), length);
+    value[length] = L'\0';
+
+    *pRetVal = value;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::SetIconPath(
+    LPCWSTR Value,
+    LPCGUID EventContext)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!Value) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    this->icon_path = std::wstring(Value);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::GetGroupingParam(GUID *pRetVal) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!pRetVal) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(pRetVal, &this->grouping_param, sizeof(this->grouping_param));
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::SetGroupingParam(
+    LPCGUID Override,
+    LPCGUID EventContext)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!Override) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    memcpy(&this->grouping_param, Override, sizeof(this->grouping_param));
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::RegisterAudioSessionNotification(
+    IAudioSessionEvents *NewNotifications)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!NewNotifications) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    this->client->session_notification_handlers.emplace_back(NewNotifications);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DummyIAudioSessionControl::UnregisterAudioSessionNotification(
+    IAudioSessionEvents *NewNotifications)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (!NewNotifications) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    this->client->session_notification_handlers.erase(
+        std::remove(
+            this->client->session_notification_handlers.begin(),
+            this->client->session_notification_handlers.end(),
+            NewNotifications
+        ),
+        this->client->session_notification_handlers.end());
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_session_control.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_session_control.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dbb2eff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/dummy_audio_session_control.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audiopolicy.h>
+
+struct DummyIAudioClient;
+
+// {5412A875-C82F-451F-B29A-0E18DB1CDFA2}
+static const GUID IID_DummyIAudioSessionControl = {
+    0x5412a875, 0xc82f, 0x451f, { 0xb2, 0x9a, 0x0e, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x1c, 0xdf, 0xa2 }
+};
+
+struct DummyIAudioSessionControl : IAudioSessionControl {
+    explicit DummyIAudioSessionControl(DummyIAudioClient *client) : client(client) {
+    }
+
+    DummyIAudioSessionControl(const DummyIAudioSessionControl &) = delete;
+    DummyIAudioSessionControl &operator=(const DummyIAudioSessionControl &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~DummyIAudioSessionControl() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioSessionControl
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetState(AudioSessionState *pRetVal) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayName(LPWSTR *pRetVal) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetDisplayName(LPCWSTR Value, LPCGUID EventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetIconPath(LPWSTR *pRetVal) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetIconPath(LPCWSTR Value, LPCGUID EventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetGroupingParam(GUID *pRetVal) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetGroupingParam(LPCGUID Override, LPCGUID EventContext) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RegisterAudioSessionNotification(IAudioSessionEvents *NewNotifications) override;
+    HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnregisterAudioSessionNotification(IAudioSessionEvents *NewNotifications) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    DummyIAudioClient *const client;
+
+    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_cnt = 1;
+
+    std::wstring display_name = L"Dummy Audio Device";
+    std::wstring icon_path = L"";
+    GUID grouping_param = GUID_NULL;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94dd96a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "low_latency_client.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+DEFINE_GUID(CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator,
+    0xBCDE0395, 0xE52F, 0x467C,
+    0x8E, 0x3D, 0xC4, 0x57, 0x92, 0x91, 0x69, 0x2E);
+#endif
+
+#define PRINT_FAILED_RESULT(name, ret) \
+    log_warning("audio::lowlatency", "{} failed, hr={}", name, FMT_HRESULT(ret))
+
+namespace hooks::audio {
+    bool LOW_LATENCY_SHARED_WASAPI = false;
+    static bool COM_INITIALIZED = false;
+    static LowLatencyAudioClient *LOW_LATENCY_CLIENT = nullptr;
+
+    void init_low_latency() {
+        if (!LOW_LATENCY_SHARED_WASAPI) {
+            return;
+        }
+        log_info("audio::lowlatency", "initializing");
+
+        HRESULT hr;
+
+        // initialize COM
+        COM_INITIALIZED = true;
+        hr = CoInitialize(NULL);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("CoInitialize", hr);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // initialize device enumerator
+        IMMDeviceEnumerator* enumerator;
+        hr = CoCreateInstance(
+                CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator,
+                NULL,
+                CLSCTX_ALL,
+                IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator,
+                reinterpret_cast<void**>(&enumerator));
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("CoCreateInstance(CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator)", hr);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get default audio endpoint from enumerator
+        IMMDevice* device;
+        hr = enumerator->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(eRender, eConsole, &device);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("GetDefaultAudioEndpoint", hr);
+            return;
+        }
+        enumerator->Release();
+
+        // start the client using the default audio endpoint
+        LOW_LATENCY_CLIENT = hooks::audio::LowLatencyAudioClient::Create(device);
+        log_info("audio::lowlatency", "initialized");
+    }
+
+    void stop_low_latency() {
+        if (!LOW_LATENCY_SHARED_WASAPI) {
+            return;
+        }
+        log_info("audio::lowlatency", "stopping");
+        if (LOW_LATENCY_CLIENT) {
+            delete LOW_LATENCY_CLIENT;
+            LOW_LATENCY_CLIENT = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (COM_INITIALIZED) {
+            COM_INITIALIZED = false;
+            CoUninitialize();
+        }
+        log_info("audio::lowlatency", "stopped");
+    }
+}
+
+using namespace hooks::audio;
+
+LowLatencyAudioClient::LowLatencyAudioClient(IAudioClient3* audioClient) : audioClient(audioClient) {}
+
+LowLatencyAudioClient::~LowLatencyAudioClient() {
+    if (this->audioClient) {
+        HRESULT ret;
+        ret = this->audioClient->Stop();
+        if (FAILED(ret)) {
+            PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient3::Stop", ret);
+        }
+        this->audioClient->Release();
+        this->audioClient = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+LowLatencyAudioClient *LowLatencyAudioClient::Create(IMMDevice *device) {
+    HRESULT ret;
+    UINT32 minPeriod;
+    UINT32 defaultPeriod;
+    UINT32 fundamentalPeriod;
+    UINT32 maxPeriod;
+    PWAVEFORMATEX pFormat;
+    IAudioClient3* audioClient;
+
+    ret = device->Activate(__uuidof(IAudioClient3), CLSCTX_ALL, NULL, reinterpret_cast<void**>(&audioClient));
+    device->Release();
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IMMDevice::Activate(IID_IAudioClient3...)", ret);
+        log_warning("audio::lowlatency", "note that only Windows 10 and above supports IAudioClient3");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ret = audioClient->GetMixFormat(&pFormat);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient3::GetMixFormat", ret);
+        audioClient->Release();
+        audioClient = nullptr;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ret = audioClient->GetSharedModeEnginePeriod(pFormat, &defaultPeriod, &fundamentalPeriod, &minPeriod, &maxPeriod);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient3::GetSharedModeEnginePeriod", ret);
+        audioClient->Release();
+        audioClient = nullptr;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ret = audioClient->InitializeSharedAudioStream(0, minPeriod, pFormat, NULL);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient3::InitializeSharedAudioStream", ret);
+        audioClient->Release();
+        audioClient = nullptr;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    ret = audioClient->Start();
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        PRINT_FAILED_RESULT("IAudioClient3::Start", ret);
+        audioClient->Release();
+        audioClient = nullptr;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "low latency shared mode audio client initialized successfully.");
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "this is NOT used to output sound...");
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "but rather to reduce buffer sizes when the game requests an audio client at a later point");
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "has no effect if the game uses exclusive WASAPI or ASIO!");
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "... sample rate         : {} Hz", pFormat->nSamplesPerSec);
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "... min buffer size     : {} samples ({} ms)", minPeriod, 1000.0f * minPeriod / pFormat->nSamplesPerSec);
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "... max buffer size     : {} samples ({} ms)", maxPeriod, 1000.0f * maxPeriod / pFormat->nSamplesPerSec);
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "... default buffer size : {} samples ({} ms)", defaultPeriod, 1000.0f * defaultPeriod / pFormat->nSamplesPerSec);
+    log_info("audio::lowlatency", "... Windows will use minimum buffer size (instead of default) for shared mode audio clients from now on");
+    return new LowLatencyAudioClient(audioClient);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07c39f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/low_latency_client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
+
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+
+namespace hooks::audio {
+    void init_low_latency();
+    void stop_low_latency();
+
+    class LowLatencyAudioClient {
+    public:
+        static LowLatencyAudioClient *Create(IMMDevice *device);
+        ~LowLatencyAudioClient();
+
+    private:
+        LowLatencyAudioClient(IAudioClient3* audioClient);
+        IAudioClient3* audioClient;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.cpp b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e92471
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include <audioclient.h>
+
+#include "util/flags_helper.h"
+
+#include "defs.h"
+
+std::string stream_flags_str(DWORD flags) {
+    FLAGS_START(flags);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_CROSSPROCESS);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_LOOPBACK);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_NOPERSIST);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_RATEADJUST);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_PREVENT_LOOPBACK_CAPTURE);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM);
+    FLAG(flags, AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY);
+    FLAGS_END(flags);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..459b5f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <mmreg.h>
+
+std::string stream_flags_str(DWORD flags);
diff --git a/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/wasapi_private.h b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/wasapi_private.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56ffd34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/wasapi_private.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "hooks/audio/audio_private.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#define PRINT_FAILED_RESULT(class_name, func_name, ret) \
+    if (AUDIO_LOG_HRESULT) { \
+        log_warning("audio::wasapi", "{}::{} failed, hr={}", class_name, func_name, FMT_HRESULT(ret)); \
+    }
+
+#define SAFE_CALL(class_name, func_name, x) \
+    do { \
+        HRESULT __hr = (x); \
+        if (FAILED(__hr)) { \
+            PRINT_FAILED_RESULT(class_name, func_name, __hr); \
+            return __hr; \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT(x) \
+    do { \
+        HRESULT __ret = (x); \
+        if (FAILED(__ret)) { \
+            PRINT_FAILED_RESULT(CLASS_NAME, __func__, __ret); \
+        } \
+        return __ret; \
+    } while (0)
diff --git a/hooks/audio/buffer.cpp b/hooks/audio/buffer.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12b023a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/buffer.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "buffer.h"
+
+void convert_sample_type(
+    const size_t channels,
+    uint8_t *buffer,
+    const size_t source_size,
+    std::vector<double> &temp_buffer,
+    const SampleType source_type,
+    const SampleType dest_type)
+{
+    // fast case: same type
+    if (source_type == dest_type) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const size_t source_sample_size = sample_type_size(source_type);
+
+    // number of samples *per channel*
+    const size_t num_samples = source_size / source_sample_size / channels;
+
+    // calculate the required size for the temporary buffer
+    // samples are converted to doubles and then converted to the target sample type
+    const size_t temp_size = num_samples * channels;
+
+    // resize temporary buffer if needed
+    if (temp_buffer.size() < temp_size) {
+        temp_buffer.resize(temp_size);
+    }
+
+#define SAMPLE_LOOP(VAR) for (size_t VAR = 0; VAR < num_samples * channels; VAR++)
+
+// converts to double in temporary buffer
+#define CONVERT_LOOP(TY) \
+    do { \
+        const auto source = reinterpret_cast<TY *>(buffer); \
+        SAMPLE_LOOP(i) { \
+            temp_buffer[i] = convert_number_to_double<TY>(source[i]); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+// converts double back to desired format
+#define STORE_LOOP(TY) \
+    do { \
+        const auto dest = reinterpret_cast<TY *>(buffer); \
+        SAMPLE_LOOP(i) { \
+            dest[i] = convert_double_to_number<TY>(temp_buffer[i]); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+// converts double to float
+#define STORE_LOOP_FLOAT() \
+    do { \
+        const auto dest = reinterpret_cast<float *>(buffer); \
+        SAMPLE_LOOP(i) { \
+            dest[i] = static_cast<float>(temp_buffer[i]); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+    if (source_type == SampleType::SINT_16) {
+        CONVERT_LOOP(int16_t);
+    } else if (source_type == SampleType::SINT_24) {
+        const auto source = reinterpret_cast<int24_t *>(buffer);
+
+        SAMPLE_LOOP(i) {
+            temp_buffer[i] = convert_number_to_double<int32_t, int24_t>(source[i].as_int());
+        }
+    } else if (source_type == SampleType::SINT_32) {
+        CONVERT_LOOP(int32_t);
+    } else if (source_type == SampleType::FLOAT_32) {
+        const auto source = reinterpret_cast<float *>(buffer);
+
+        SAMPLE_LOOP(i) {
+            temp_buffer[i] = source[i];
+        }
+    } else if (source_type == SampleType::FLOAT_64) {
+        memcpy(temp_buffer.data(), buffer, temp_size);
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (dest_type == SampleType::SINT_16) {
+        STORE_LOOP(int16_t);
+    } else if (dest_type == SampleType::SINT_24) {
+        STORE_LOOP(int24_t);
+    } else if (dest_type == SampleType::SINT_32) {
+        STORE_LOOP(int32_t);
+    } else if (dest_type == SampleType::FLOAT_32) {
+        STORE_LOOP_FLOAT();
+    } else if (dest_type == SampleType::FLOAT_64) {
+        memcpy(buffer, temp_buffer.data(), temp_size);
+    } else {
+        return;
+    }
+
+#undef STORE_LOOP_FLOAT
+#undef STORE_LOOP
+#undef CONVERT_LOOP
+#undef SAMPLE_LOOP
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/buffer.h b/hooks/audio/buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4455e90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+#include <limits>
+
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+
+enum class SampleType {
+    UNSUPPORTED = 0,
+    SINT_16,
+    SINT_24,
+    SINT_32,
+    FLOAT_32,
+    FLOAT_64,
+};
+
+static constexpr const char *sample_type_str(SampleType sample_type) {
+    switch (sample_type) {
+        case SampleType::UNSUPPORTED:
+            return "UNSUPPORTED";
+        case SampleType::SINT_16:
+            return "SINT_16";
+        case SampleType::SINT_24:
+            return "SINT_24";
+        case SampleType::SINT_32:
+            return "SINT_32";
+        case SampleType::FLOAT_32:
+            return "FLOAT_32";
+        case SampleType::FLOAT_64:
+            return "FLOAT_64";
+        default:
+            return "Unknown";
+    }
+}
+
+struct int24_t {
+    uint8_t c3[3] {};
+
+    constexpr int24_t() = default;
+
+    constexpr int24_t(const short &i) noexcept {
+        *this = static_cast<int>(i);
+    }
+    constexpr int24_t(const int &i) noexcept {
+        *this = i;
+    }
+    constexpr int24_t(const long &l) noexcept {
+        *this = static_cast<int>(l);
+    }
+    constexpr int24_t(const float &f) noexcept {
+        *this = static_cast<int>(f);
+    }
+    constexpr int24_t(const double &d) noexcept {
+        *this = static_cast<int>(d);
+    }
+
+    constexpr int24_t &operator=(const int &i) noexcept {
+        c3[0] = (i & 0x0000ffu);
+        c3[1] = (i & 0x00ff00u) >> 8;
+        c3[2] = (i & 0xff0000u) >> 16;
+
+        return *this;
+    }
+
+    constexpr int32_t as_int() noexcept {
+        uint32_t i = c3[0] | (c3[1] << 8) | (c3[2] << 16);
+        if (i & 0x800000) {
+            i |= ~0xffffffu;
+        }
+        return static_cast<int32_t>(i);
+    }
+};
+
+template<>
+class std::numeric_limits<int24_t> {
+public:
+    static constexpr int32_t(min)() noexcept {
+        return -0x800000;
+    }
+    static constexpr int32_t(max)() noexcept {
+        return 0x7fffff;
+    }
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+class conversion_limits {
+public:
+    static constexpr double absolute_max_value() noexcept {
+
+        // 1.0 is added here because the minimum value is `abs(min)` because of two's complement
+        return static_cast<double>(std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) + 1.0;
+    }
+};
+
+static_assert(std::numeric_limits<int16_t>::max() == 32767);
+static_assert(std::numeric_limits<int24_t>::max() == 8388607);
+static_assert(std::numeric_limits<int32_t>::max() == 2147483647);
+static_assert(std::numeric_limits<int64_t>::max() == 9223372036854775807LL);
+static_assert(conversion_limits<int16_t>::absolute_max_value() == 32768.0);
+static_assert(conversion_limits<int24_t>::absolute_max_value() == 8388608.0);
+static_assert(conversion_limits<int32_t>::absolute_max_value() == 2147483648.0);
+static_assert(conversion_limits<int64_t>::absolute_max_value() == 9223372036854775808.0);
+
+template<typename T, typename U = T>
+constexpr double convert_number_to_double(T num) {
+    return static_cast<double>(num) / conversion_limits<U>::absolute_max_value();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+constexpr T convert_double_to_number(double num) {
+    constexpr auto ABSOLUTE_MAX_VALUE = conversion_limits<T>::absolute_max_value();
+    constexpr auto MAX_VALUE = static_cast<long>(std::numeric_limits<T>::max());
+
+    return static_cast<T>(std::min(std::lround(num * ABSOLUTE_MAX_VALUE), MAX_VALUE));
+}
+
+// ...before Felix makes this mistake again, make sure 24-bit ints are converted with the correct range
+static_assert(convert_number_to_double<int32_t, int24_t>(8388607) == (8388607.0 / 8388608.0));
+
+static constexpr size_t sample_type_size(SampleType sample_type) {
+    switch (sample_type) {
+        case SampleType::UNSUPPORTED:
+            return 0;
+        case SampleType::SINT_16:
+            return sizeof(int16_t);
+        case SampleType::SINT_24:
+            return sizeof(int24_t);
+        case SampleType::SINT_32:
+            return sizeof(int32_t);
+        case SampleType::FLOAT_32:
+            return sizeof(float);
+        case SampleType::FLOAT_64:
+            return sizeof(double);
+        default:
+            return 0;
+    }
+}
+
+static constexpr size_t required_buffer_size(
+    const size_t num_frames,
+    const size_t channels,
+    const SampleType dest_sample_type)
+{
+    return num_frames * channels * sample_type_size(dest_sample_type);
+}
+
+void convert_sample_type(
+    const size_t channels,
+    uint8_t *buffer,
+    const size_t source_size,
+    std::vector<double> &temp_buffer,
+    const SampleType source_type,
+    const SampleType dest_type);
diff --git a/hooks/audio/implementations/asio.cpp b/hooks/audio/implementations/asio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f91c4b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/implementations/asio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1068 @@
+#include "asio.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include <system_error>
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <audioclient.h>
+
+#include "external/asio/asiolist.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio_private.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/util.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/defs.h"
+#include "util/flags_helper.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+// std::max
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+
+// std::min
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+constexpr double REFTIMES_PER_SEC = 10000000.;
+
+AsioBackend *ASIO_BACKEND = nullptr;
+
+static std::string asio_error_str(AsioError error) {
+    switch (error) {
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_OK);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_Success);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_NotPresent);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_HWMalfunction);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_InvalidParameter);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_InvalidMode);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_SPNotAdvancing);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_NoClock);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASE_NoMemory);
+        default:
+            return fmt::to_string(static_cast<unsigned>(error));
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string asio_sample_type_str(AsioSampleType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt16MSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt24MSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32MSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTFloat32MSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTFloat64MSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32MSB16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32MSB18);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32MSB20);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32MSB24);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt16LSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt24LSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32LSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTFloat32LSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTFloat64LSB);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32LSB16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32LSB18);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32LSB20);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTInt32LSB24);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTDSDInt8LSB1);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTDSDInt8MSB1);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(ASIOSTDSDInt8NER8);
+        default:
+            return fmt::to_string(type);
+    }
+}
+
+static SampleType convert_windows_format(const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &format_ex) {
+    const auto &format = format_ex.Format;
+
+    bool pcm_format = false;
+    bool float_format = false;
+
+    if (format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
+        pcm_format = true;
+    } else if (format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT) {
+        float_format = true;
+    } else if (format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
+        if (format_ex.SubFormat == GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM) {
+            pcm_format = true;
+        } else if (format_ex.SubFormat == GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT) {
+            float_format = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (pcm_format) {
+        switch (format.wBitsPerSample) {
+            case 16:
+                return SampleType::SINT_16;
+            case 24:
+                return SampleType::SINT_24;
+            case 32:
+                return SampleType::SINT_32;
+            default:
+                return SampleType::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+    } else if (float_format) {
+        switch (format.wBitsPerSample) {
+            case 32:
+                return SampleType::FLOAT_32;
+            case 64:
+                return SampleType::FLOAT_64;
+            default:
+                return SampleType::UNSUPPORTED;
+        }
+    } else {
+        return SampleType::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+}
+
+static SampleType convert_asio_sample_type(AsioSampleType type) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case ASIOSTInt16LSB:
+            return SampleType::SINT_16;
+        case ASIOSTInt24LSB:
+            return SampleType::SINT_24;
+        case ASIOSTInt32LSB:
+            return SampleType::SINT_32;
+        case ASIOSTFloat32LSB:
+            return SampleType::FLOAT_32;
+        case ASIOSTFloat64LSB:
+            return SampleType::FLOAT_64;
+        default:
+            return SampleType::UNSUPPORTED;
+    }
+}
+
+AsioBackend::AsioBackend() {
+    this->asio_thread = std::thread([this]() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock_handle(this->asio_thread_state_lock);
+
+        log_info("audio::asio", "initializing ASIO thread");
+
+        if (this->load_driver() &&
+            this->update_driver_info() &&
+            this->set_initial_format(this->last_checked_format))
+        {
+            this->asio_thread_state = AsioThreadState::Running;
+        } else {
+            this->asio_thread_state = AsioThreadState::Failed;
+        }
+
+        // Notify condition variable waiters of thread state update
+        lock_handle.unlock();
+        this->asio_thread_state_cv.notify_all();
+
+        if (this->asio_thread_state.load() != AsioThreadState::Running) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("audio::asio", "ASIO thread entering main loop");
+
+        this->asio_thread_initialized = true;
+
+        while (this->asio_thread_state.load() == AsioThreadState::Running) {
+            struct AsioThreadMessage msg;
+            this->asio_msg_queue_func.wait_dequeue(msg);
+
+            auto result = msg.fn();
+
+            if (msg.result_needed) {
+                this->asio_msg_queue_result.enqueue(result);
+            }
+        }
+
+        this->asio_thread_initialized = false;
+    });
+
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock_handle(this->asio_thread_state_lock);
+    this->asio_thread_state_cv.wait(lock_handle, [this]() {
+        return this->asio_thread_state.load() != AsioThreadState::Closed;
+    });
+
+    if (this->asio_thread_state.load() == AsioThreadState::Failed) {
+        log_fatal("audio::asio", "failed to initialize ASIO thread");
+    }
+}
+AsioBackend::~AsioBackend() {
+    log_info("audio::asio", "shutting down ASIO backend");
+
+    if (this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        this->run_on_asio_thread([this]() {
+            this->unload_driver();
+
+            return ASE_OK;
+        });
+    }
+
+    // shut down ASIO handler thread
+    this->set_thread_state(AsioThreadState::ShuttingDown);
+
+    // enqueue function to break event loop
+    if (this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        this->run_on_asio_thread([]() {
+            return ASE_OK;
+        });
+    }
+
+    this->asio_thread.join();
+}
+
+void AsioBackend::set_thread_state(AsioThreadState state) {
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock_handle(this->asio_thread_state_lock);
+
+    this->asio_thread_state = state;
+
+    // Notify condition variable waiters of thread state update
+    lock_handle.unlock();
+    this->asio_thread_state_cv.notify_all();
+}
+bool AsioBackend::load_driver() {
+    AsioDriverList asio_driver_list;
+
+    for (const auto &driver : asio_driver_list.driver_list) {
+        log_info("audio::asio", "Driver {}", driver.id);
+        log_info("audio::asio", "... Name : {}", driver.name);
+        log_info("audio::asio", "... Path : {}", driver.dll_path);
+    }
+
+    const auto driver_id = hooks::audio::ASIO_DRIVER_ID;
+
+    IAsio *driver = nullptr;
+    auto ret = asio_driver_list.open_driver(driver_id, reinterpret_cast<void **>(&driver));
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to open driver: {}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    } else if (driver) {
+        this->driver_info_.sys_ref = GetDesktopWindow();
+        if (!driver->init(this->driver_info_.sys_ref)) {
+            driver->get_error_message(this->driver_info_.error_message);
+            driver = nullptr;
+
+            log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to initialize driver: {}", this->driver_info_.error_message);
+        } else {
+            this->asio_driver = driver;
+            this->asio_driver->AddRef();
+        }
+    }
+
+    return this->asio_driver != nullptr;
+}
+bool AsioBackend::update_driver_info() {
+    memset(&this->driver_info_.name, 0, sizeof(this->driver_info_.name));
+    this->driver_info_.asio_version = 0;
+    this->driver_info_.driver_version = 0;
+
+    memset(&this->asio_info_, 0, sizeof(this->asio_info_));
+
+    if (!this->asio_driver) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "attempted to update driver info when no driver is loaded");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    this->driver_info_.asio_version = 2;
+
+    // `get_driver_name` and `get_driver_version` are not supposed to fail according to the
+    // function definitions and the documentation
+    this->asio_driver->get_driver_name(this->driver_info_.name);
+    this->driver_info_.driver_version = this->asio_driver->get_driver_version();
+
+    // the rest of the functions can fail however
+    AsioError result;
+
+    result = this->asio_driver->get_channels(&this->asio_info_.inputs, &this->asio_info_.outputs);
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to get channels: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    result = this->asio_driver->get_buffer_size(
+            &this->asio_info_.buffer_min_size,
+            &this->asio_info_.buffer_max_size,
+            &this->asio_info_.buffer_preferred_size,
+            &this->asio_info_.buffer_granularity);
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to get buffer sizes: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (long i = 0; i < this->asio_info_.outputs; i++) {
+        auto &channel_info = this->asio_channel_info_.emplace_back();
+        channel_info.channel = i;
+        channel_info.is_input = AsioFalse;
+
+        result = this->asio_driver->get_channel_info(&channel_info);
+        if (result != ASE_OK) {
+            log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to get channel {} info: {}", i, asio_error_str(result));
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    log_info("audio::asio", "Device Info:");
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Name               : {}", this->driver_info_.name);
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Version            : {}", this->driver_info_.driver_version);
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Inputs             : {} channels", this->asio_info_.inputs);
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Outputs            : {} channels", this->asio_info_.outputs);
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Buffer Minimum     : {} samples", this->asio_info_.buffer_min_size);
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Buffer Maximum     : {} samples", this->asio_info_.buffer_max_size);
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Buffer Preferred   : {} samples", this->asio_info_.buffer_preferred_size);
+    log_info("audio::asio", "... Buffer Granularity : {} samples", this->asio_info_.buffer_granularity);
+
+    log_info("audio::asio", "Channel Info:");
+    for (const auto &channel_info : this->asio_channel_info_) {
+        log_info("audio::asio", "... Channel {}: {} (group: {}, type: {})",
+                channel_info.channel,
+                channel_info.name,
+                channel_info.channel_group,
+                asio_sample_type_str(channel_info.type));
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+bool AsioBackend::update_latency() {
+    auto result = this->asio_driver->get_latencies(
+        &this->asio_info_.input_latency,
+        &this->asio_info_.output_latency);
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to get latency: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+bool AsioBackend::set_initial_format(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &target) {
+    AsioSampleRate sample_rate = 0.0;
+
+    // get current sample rate
+    auto result = this->asio_driver->get_sample_rate(&sample_rate);
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to get current sample rate: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // set initial format state
+    target.Format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
+    target.Format.nChannels = static_cast<WORD>(this->asio_info_.outputs);
+    target.Format.nSamplesPerSec = static_cast<WORD>(sample_rate);
+    target.Format.nBlockAlign = target.Format.nChannels * (target.Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);
+    target.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = target.Format.nSamplesPerSec * target.Format.nBlockAlign;
+    target.Format.cbSize = 0;
+
+    // set initial sub-format
+    if (!this->asio_channel_info_.empty()) {
+        this->asio_sample_type = convert_asio_sample_type(this->asio_channel_info_[0].type);
+
+        // mark this as the extensible struct
+        target.Format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE;
+        target.Format.cbSize = sizeof(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE) - sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX);
+        target.dwChannelMask = SPEAKER_ALL;
+
+        switch (this->asio_sample_type) {
+            case SampleType::SINT_16:
+                target.Format.wBitsPerSample = 16;
+                target.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = 16;
+                target.SubFormat = GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;
+                break;
+            case SampleType::SINT_24:
+                target.Format.wBitsPerSample = 24;
+                target.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = 24;
+                target.SubFormat = GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;
+                break;
+            case SampleType::SINT_32:
+                target.Format.wBitsPerSample = 32;
+                target.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = 32;
+                target.SubFormat = GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;
+                break;
+            case SampleType::FLOAT_32:
+                target.Format.wBitsPerSample = 32;
+                target.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = 32;
+                target.SubFormat = GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT;
+                break;
+            case SampleType::FLOAT_64:
+                target.Format.wBitsPerSample = 64;
+                target.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = 64;
+                target.SubFormat = GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT;
+                break;
+            default:
+                target.Format.wFormatTag = 0;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+bool AsioBackend::init() {
+    if (ASIO_BACKEND) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "ASIO callbacks already initialized");
+        return false;
+    }
+    ASIO_BACKEND = this;
+
+    // create buffer objects
+    for (long i = 0; i < this->format_.Format.nChannels; i++) {
+        auto &buffer_info = this->asio_buffers.emplace_back();
+        buffer_info.is_input = AsioFalse;
+        buffer_info.channel_num = i;
+        buffer_info.buffers[0] = nullptr;
+        buffer_info.buffers[1] = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // setup ASIO callbacks
+    this->asio_callbacks.buffer_switch = AsioBackend::buffer_switch;
+    this->asio_callbacks.sample_rate_did_change = AsioBackend::sample_rate_did_change;
+    this->asio_callbacks.asio_message = AsioBackend::asio_message;
+
+    // create buffers
+    auto result = this->asio_driver->create_buffers(
+        this->asio_buffers.data(),
+        this->format_.Format.nChannels,
+        this->asio_info_.buffer_preferred_size,
+        &this->asio_callbacks);
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to create buffers: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto sample_size = sample_type_size(this->asio_sample_type);
+    auto num_samples = static_cast<size_t>(this->asio_info_.buffer_preferred_size);
+    auto buffer_size = num_samples * sample_size;
+
+    for (const auto &buffer_info : this->asio_buffers) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < _countof(buffer_info.buffers); i++) {
+            log_misc("audio::asio", "channel[{}].buffers[{}] = {}",
+                     buffer_info.channel_num,
+                     i,
+                     fmt::ptr(buffer_info.buffers[i]));
+
+            // initialize buffer contents to avoid garbage from being played on start
+            memset(buffer_info.buffers[i], 0, buffer_size);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // FlexASIO throws an error if `update_latencies` is called before `create_buffers`
+    if (!this->update_latency()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+bool AsioBackend::unload_driver() {
+    AsioError result;
+
+    if (!this->asio_driver) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // stop audio
+    result = this->asio_driver->stop();
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to stop audio: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+    }
+
+    // clear buffer state
+    this->asio_buffers.clear();
+
+    // dispose buffers
+    result = this->asio_driver->dispose_buffers();
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to dispose buffers: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+    }
+
+    // unload driver
+    this->asio_driver->Release();
+    this->asio_driver = nullptr;
+
+    // reset global state
+    if (ASIO_BACKEND == this) {
+        ASIO_BACKEND = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // reset local state
+    this->asio_channel_info_.clear();
+    memset(&this->asio_callbacks, 0, sizeof(this->asio_callbacks));
+    memset(&this->driver_info_, 0, sizeof(this->driver_info_));
+    memset(&this->asio_info_, 0, sizeof(this->asio_info_));
+    this->asio_sample_type = SampleType::UNSUPPORTED;
+
+    return true;
+}
+void AsioBackend::reset() {
+    AsioError result;
+
+    if (!this->unload_driver()) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to unload driver");
+    }
+
+    if (!this->load_driver() ||
+        !this->update_driver_info() ||
+        !this->set_initial_format(this->last_checked_format))
+    {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to initialize driver");
+        this->set_thread_state(AsioThreadState::Failed);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto sample_rate = this->format_.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
+
+    result = this->asio_driver->set_sample_rate(static_cast<double>(sample_rate));
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to set sample rate: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // init buffers
+    if (FAILED(this->init())) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // start processing if started before reset
+    if (this->started.load()) {
+        result = this->asio_driver->start();
+        if (result != ASE_OK) {
+            log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to start processing: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+AsioError AsioBackend::run_on_asio_thread(AsioFunction fn, bool result_needed) {
+    AsioError result = ASE_NotPresent;
+
+    struct AsioThreadMessage msg {
+        .fn = std::move(fn),
+        .result_needed = result_needed,
+    };
+    this->asio_msg_queue_func.enqueue(msg);
+
+    if (result_needed) {
+        this->asio_msg_queue_result.wait_dequeue(result);
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+void AsioBackend::open_control_panel() {
+    if (!this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    auto result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this]() {
+        return this->asio_driver->control_panel();
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to open control panel: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+    }
+}
+
+void AsioBackend::buffer_switch(long double_buffer_index, AsioBool) {
+    auto self = ASIO_BACKEND;
+
+    auto sample_size = sample_type_size(self->asio_sample_type);
+    auto channels = static_cast<size_t>(self->format_.Format.nChannels);
+    auto num_samples = static_cast<size_t>(self->asio_info_.buffer_preferred_size);
+    auto frame_size = channels * sample_size;
+    auto buffer_len = num_samples * frame_size;
+    size_t written = 0;
+
+    struct BufferEntry *entry;
+    while ((entry = self->queue.peek()) != nullptr) {
+        auto write_len = std::min(entry->length - entry->read, buffer_len - written);
+
+        if (write_len == 0) {
+            break;
+        }
+
+        auto frames_to_write = write_len / frame_size;
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < frames_to_write; i++) {
+            for (size_t j = 0; j < channels; j++) {
+                auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(self->asio_buffers[j].buffers[double_buffer_index]);
+                memcpy(
+                        &buffer[i * sample_size],
+                        &entry->buffer[entry->read + (i * channels + j) * sample_size],
+                        sample_size);
+            }
+        }
+
+        /*
+        if (frames_to_write * frame_size != write_len) {
+            log_warning("audio::asio", "dropped some frames!");
+        }
+        */
+
+        written += write_len;
+
+        if (entry->read + write_len >= entry->length) {
+            CoTaskMemFree(entry->buffer);
+            self->queue.pop();
+        } else {
+            entry->read += write_len;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // not all drivers support this method, ignore error
+    self->asio_driver->output_ready();
+
+    if (self->relay_handle.has_value()) {
+
+        // trigger game audio callback
+        if (!SetEvent(self->relay_handle.value())) {
+            DWORD last_error = GetLastError();
+
+            log_warning("audio::asio", "AsioBackend::buffer_switch: SetEvent failed: {} ({})",
+                    last_error,
+                    std::system_category().message(last_error));
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (written > 0) {
+        self->queued_frames.fetch_sub(static_cast<uint32_t>(written / frame_size));
+        self->queued_bytes.fetch_sub(written);
+    }
+}
+void AsioBackend::sample_rate_did_change(AsioSampleRate sample_rate) {
+    auto self = ASIO_BACKEND;
+
+    log_warning("audio::asio", "sample rate change to {} detected, not supported, resetting",
+            sample_rate);
+
+    self->run_on_asio_thread([self]() {
+        self->reset();
+
+        return ASE_OK;
+    }, false);
+}
+long AsioBackend::asio_message(long selector, long value, void *message, double *opt) {
+    auto self = ASIO_BACKEND;
+
+    switch (selector) {
+        case kAsioSelectorSupported:
+            switch (value) {
+                case kAsioEngineVersion:
+                case kAsioResetRequest:
+                case kAsioResyncRequest:
+                case kAsioLatenciesChanged:
+                case kAsioSupportsTimeInfo:
+                case kAsioOverload:
+                    return 1L;
+                default:
+                    return 0L;
+            }
+        case kAsioEngineVersion:
+            return 2L;
+        case kAsioResetRequest:
+            log_misc("audio::asio", "reset request");
+
+            self->run_on_asio_thread([self]() {
+                self->reset();
+
+                return ASE_OK;
+            }, false);
+
+            return 1L;
+        case kAsioResyncRequest:
+            log_misc("audio::asio", "resyncing");
+            return 1L;
+        case kAsioLatenciesChanged:
+            log_misc("audio::asio", "latency changed");
+
+            self->run_on_asio_thread([self]() {
+                self->update_latency();
+
+                return ASE_OK;
+            }, false);
+
+            return 0L;
+        case kAsioSupportsTimeInfo:
+            // TODO(felix): support timecode buffer switch
+            return 0L;
+        case kAsioOverload:
+            log_misc("audio::asio", "overload detected");
+            return 1L;
+        default:
+            return 0L;
+    }
+}
+
+bool AsioBackend::is_supported_subformat(const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &format_ex) noexcept {
+    bool pcm_format = false;
+    bool float_format = false;
+
+    const auto &format = format_ex.Format;
+
+    if (format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
+        pcm_format = true;
+    } else if (format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT) {
+        float_format = true;
+    } else if (format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
+        if (format_ex.SubFormat == GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM) {
+            pcm_format = true;
+        } else if (format_ex.SubFormat == GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT) {
+            float_format = true;
+        }
+    } else {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "unsupported format tag");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (pcm_format) {
+        switch (format.wBitsPerSample) {
+            case 16:
+            case 24:
+            case 32:
+                break;
+            default:
+                log_warning("audio::asio", "unknown PCM sample size: {}", format.wBitsPerSample);
+                return false;
+        }
+    } else if (float_format) {
+        switch (format.wBitsPerSample) {
+            case 32:
+            case 64:
+                break;
+            default:
+                log_warning("audio::asio", "unknown float sample size: {}", format.wBitsPerSample);
+                return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+REFERENCE_TIME AsioBackend::compute_ref_time() const {
+    auto sample_rate = this->last_checked_format.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
+    auto buffer_frames = this->asio_info_.buffer_preferred_size;
+
+    return static_cast<REFERENCE_TIME>(ceil(REFTIMES_PER_SEC * buffer_frames / sample_rate));
+}
+REFERENCE_TIME AsioBackend::compute_latency_ref_time() const {
+    auto sample_rate = this->last_checked_format.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
+    auto buffer_frames = this->asio_info_.output_latency;
+
+    return static_cast<REFERENCE_TIME>(ceil(REFTIMES_PER_SEC * buffer_frames / sample_rate));
+}
+
+const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &AsioBackend::format() const noexcept {
+    return this->format_;
+}
+
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_initialize(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+    DWORD *StreamFlags,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *hnsBufferDuration,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *hnsPeriodicity,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid) noexcept
+{
+    AsioError result;
+
+    copy_wave_format(&this->format_, pFormat);
+    memcpy(&this->last_checked_format, &this->format_, sizeof(this->format_));
+
+    if (!this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "{}: ASIO thread not initialized", "AsioBackend::on_initialize");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED;
+    }
+
+    if (ASIO_BACKEND) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "ASIO backend already initialized");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_ALREADY_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    auto sample_rate = this->format_.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
+
+    result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this, sample_rate]() {
+        return this->asio_driver->set_sample_rate(static_cast<double>(sample_rate));
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to set sample rate: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+
+    auto ref_time = this->compute_ref_time();
+    log_info("audio::asio", "AsioBackend::on_intialize: sample rate = {}, reference time = {}",
+             sample_rate,
+             ref_time);
+
+    // warn if this is being used on shared mode without event callback
+    if (*ShareMode == AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED &&
+        (*StreamFlags & AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK) != AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK)
+    {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "shared mode without event callback is not supported, sound will be garbled!");
+    }
+
+    /*
+    // change to shared mode in case the audio dummy mode is not being used
+    if (*ShareMode == AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE) {
+        *ShareMode = AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED;
+    }
+    */
+
+    *hnsBufferDuration = ref_time;
+    *hnsPeriodicity = ref_time;
+
+    if (!is_supported_subformat(this->format_)) {
+        return AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+
+    result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this]() {
+        return this->init() ? ASE_OK : ASE_NotPresent;
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        return AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED;
+    }
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_get_buffer_size(uint32_t *buffer_frames) noexcept {
+    *buffer_frames = static_cast<uint32_t>(this->asio_info_.buffer_preferred_size);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_get_stream_latency(REFERENCE_TIME *latency) noexcept {
+    if (!this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "{}: ASIO thread not initialized", "AsioBackend::on_get_stream_latency");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    auto result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this]() {
+        return this->update_latency() ? ASE_OK : ASE_NotPresent;
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        return AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED;
+    }
+
+    auto latency_ref_time = this->compute_latency_ref_time();
+    log_misc("audio::asio", "output latency = {}, reference time = {}",
+            this->asio_info_.output_latency,
+            latency_ref_time);
+
+    *latency = latency_ref_time;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_get_current_padding(std::optional<uint32_t> &padding_frames) noexcept {
+    padding_frames = this->queued_frames.load();
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_is_format_supported(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch) noexcept
+{
+    if (!this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "{}: ASIO thread not initialized", "AsioBackend::on_is_format_supported");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    copy_wave_format(&this->last_checked_format, pFormat);
+
+    auto num_channels = this->last_checked_format.Format.nChannels;
+    auto sample_rate = this->last_checked_format.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
+
+    log_misc("audio::asio", "AsioBackend::on_is_format_supported: checking format {} channels, {} Hz, {}-bit",
+            num_channels,
+            sample_rate,
+            this->last_checked_format.Format.wBitsPerSample);
+
+    // check channel count
+    if (num_channels > this->asio_info_.outputs) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "channel count larger than number of device channels");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+
+    // check sub-format
+    if (!this->is_supported_subformat(this->last_checked_format)) {
+        return AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+
+    // check sample rate
+    auto result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this, sample_rate]() {
+        return this->asio_driver->can_sample_rate(static_cast<double>(sample_rate));
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "unsupported sample rate: {}", sample_rate);
+        return AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_get_mix_format(WAVEFORMATEX **pp_device_format) noexcept {
+    if (!this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "{}: ASIO thread not initialized", "AsioBackend::on_get_mix_format");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    auto format = reinterpret_cast<WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *>(CoTaskMemAlloc(sizeof(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE)));
+
+    if (!format) {
+        DWORD last_error = GetLastError();
+
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to allocate memory for mix format: {} ({})",
+                last_error,
+                std::system_category().message(last_error));
+
+        return AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // build format based on ASIO driver parameters
+    auto result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this, format]() {
+        return this->set_initial_format(*format) ? ASE_OK : ASE_NotPresent;
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        CoTaskMemFree(format);
+        return AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED;
+    }
+
+    *pp_device_format = reinterpret_cast<WAVEFORMATEX *>(format);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_get_device_period(
+    REFERENCE_TIME *default_device_period,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *minimum_device_period) noexcept
+{
+    auto ref_time = this->compute_ref_time();
+
+    log_info("audio::asio", "AsioBackend::on_get_device_period: sample rate = {}, reference time = {}",
+            this->last_checked_format.Format.nSamplesPerSec,
+            ref_time);
+
+    if (default_device_period) {
+        *default_device_period = ref_time;
+    }
+    if (minimum_device_period) {
+        *minimum_device_period = ref_time;
+    }
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_start() noexcept {
+    log_misc("audio::asio", "AsioBackend::on_start");
+
+    if (!this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "{}: ASIO thread not initialized", "AsioBackend::on_start");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    // FlexASIO creates the WASAPI context upon start, prevent recurive initialization
+    std::lock_guard initialize_guard(hooks::audio::INITIALIZE_LOCK);
+
+    auto result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this]() {
+        return this->asio_driver->start();
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to start processing: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED;
+    }
+
+    this->started = true;
+
+    // wait until all queued frames are dequeued
+    while (this->queued_frames > 0) {
+        std::this_thread::yield();
+    }
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_stop() noexcept {
+    log_misc("audio::asio", "AsioBackend::on_stop");
+
+    if (!this->asio_thread_initialized) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "{}: ASIO thread not initialized", "AsioBackend::on_stop");
+        return AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED;
+    }
+
+    if (hooks::audio::ASIO_FORCE_UNLOAD_ON_STOP) {
+        log_misc("audio::asio", "AsioBackend::on_stop - using ASIO_FORCE_UNLOAD_ON_STOP workaround");
+    }
+
+    auto result = this->run_on_asio_thread([this]() {
+        if (hooks::audio::ASIO_FORCE_UNLOAD_ON_STOP) {
+            this->unload_driver();
+            return (AsioError)ASE_OK;
+        }
+        return this->asio_driver->stop();
+    });
+    if (result != ASE_OK) {
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to stop processing: {}", asio_error_str(result));
+        return AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED;
+    }
+
+    this->started = false;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_set_event_handle(HANDLE *event_handle) noexcept {
+    this->relay_handle = *event_handle;
+
+    // give WASAPI a dummy handle
+    *event_handle = CreateEvent(nullptr, true, false, nullptr);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_get_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_requested, BYTE **pp_data) noexcept {
+    const size_t buffer_size = this->format_.Format.nBlockAlign * num_frames_requested;
+
+    // account for larger conversion buffer size
+    const auto channels = static_cast<size_t>(this->format_.Format.nChannels);
+    const auto sample_type = this->asio_sample_type;
+    const auto converted_size = required_buffer_size(num_frames_requested, channels, sample_type);
+
+    const size_t max_size = std::max(buffer_size, converted_size);
+
+    // allocate temporary sound buffer
+    this->active_sound_buffer = reinterpret_cast<BYTE *>(CoTaskMemAlloc(max_size));
+
+    // check for allocation error
+    if (!this->active_sound_buffer) {
+        DWORD last_error = GetLastError();
+
+        log_warning("audio::asio", "failed to allocate sound buffer: {} ({})",
+                last_error,
+                std::system_category().message(last_error));
+
+        return AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_ERROR;
+    }
+
+    // hand the buffer to the callee
+    *pp_data = this->active_sound_buffer;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT AsioBackend::on_release_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_written, DWORD flags) noexcept {
+    const size_t length = this->format_.Format.nBlockAlign * num_frames_written;
+
+    if ((flags & AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_SILENT) == AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_SILENT) {
+        memset(this->active_sound_buffer, 0, length);
+    }
+
+    /*
+    if (this->last_sound_buffer.size() < length) {
+        this->last_sound_buffer.resize(length);
+    }
+
+    memcpy(this->last_sound_buffer.data(), this->active_sound_buffer, length);
+    */
+
+    // compute the buffer size after conversion
+    const auto channels = this->format_.Format.nChannels;
+    const auto sample_type = this->asio_sample_type;
+    const size_t conversion_size = required_buffer_size(num_frames_written, channels, sample_type);
+
+    // audio channel deinterleaving and subformat conversion
+    convert_sample_type(
+            channels,
+            reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(this->active_sound_buffer),
+            length,
+            this->conversion_sound_buffer,
+            convert_windows_format(this->format_),
+            sample_type);
+
+    // enqueue the buffer for playback
+    struct BufferEntry entry {
+        .buffer = this->active_sound_buffer,
+        .length = conversion_size,
+        .read = 0,
+    };
+    this->queue.enqueue(entry);
+    this->queued_frames.fetch_add(num_frames_written);
+    this->queued_bytes.fetch_add(conversion_size);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/implementations/asio.h b/hooks/audio/implementations/asio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5670a6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/implementations/asio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <functional>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "external/asio/asio.h"
+#include "external/asio/iasiodrv.h"
+#include "external/readerwriterqueue/readerwriterqueue.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio_private.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/buffer.h"
+
+#include "backend.h"
+
+struct AsioBackend;
+
+extern AsioBackend *ASIO_BACKEND;
+
+struct BufferEntry {
+    BYTE *buffer;
+    size_t length;
+    size_t read;
+};
+
+struct AsioInstanceInfo {
+    long inputs = 0;
+    long outputs = 0;
+    long buffer_min_size = 0;
+    long buffer_max_size = 0;
+    long buffer_preferred_size = 0;
+    long buffer_granularity = 0;
+    long input_latency = 0;
+    long output_latency = 0;
+};
+
+struct AsioBackend final : AudioBackend {
+public:
+    explicit AsioBackend();
+
+    ~AsioBackend() final;
+
+    const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &format() const noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_initialize(
+        AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+        DWORD *StreamFlags,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *hnsBufferDuration,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *hnsPeriodicity,
+        const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+        LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_buffer_size(uint32_t *buffer_frames) noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_get_stream_latency(REFERENCE_TIME *latency) noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_get_current_padding(std::optional<uint32_t> &padding_frames) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_is_format_supported(
+        AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+        const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+        WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_mix_format(WAVEFORMATEX **pp_device_format) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_device_period(
+        REFERENCE_TIME *default_device_period,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *minimum_device_period) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_start() noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_stop() noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_set_event_handle(HANDLE *event_handle) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_requested, BYTE **pp_data) noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_release_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_written, DWORD dwFlags) noexcept override;
+
+    // for overlay
+    inline const AsioDriverInfo &driver_info() const noexcept {
+        return this->driver_info_;
+    }
+    inline const std::vector<AsioChannelInfo> &channel_info() const noexcept {
+        return this->asio_channel_info_;
+    }
+    inline const AsioInstanceInfo &asio_info() const noexcept {
+        return this->asio_info_;
+    }
+    void open_control_panel();
+
+    std::atomic<uint32_t> queued_frames = 0;
+    std::atomic<size_t> queued_bytes = 0;
+
+private:
+    using AsioFunction = std::function<AsioError()>;
+
+    enum class AsioThreadState {
+        Closed,
+        Failed,
+        Running,
+        ShuttingDown,
+    };
+    struct AsioThreadMessage {
+        AsioFunction fn;
+        bool result_needed;
+    };
+
+    void set_thread_state(AsioThreadState state);
+    bool load_driver();
+    bool update_driver_info();
+    bool update_latency();
+    bool set_initial_format(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &target);
+    bool init();
+    bool unload_driver();
+    void reset();
+    AsioError run_on_asio_thread(AsioFunction fn, bool result_needed = true);
+
+    // ASIO callbacks
+    static void buffer_switch(long double_buffer_index, AsioBool direct_process);
+    static void sample_rate_did_change(AsioSampleRate sample_rate);
+    static long asio_message(long selector, long value, void *message, double *opt);
+
+    // helper methods
+    static bool is_supported_subformat(const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &format_ex) noexcept;
+    REFERENCE_TIME compute_ref_time() const;
+    REFERENCE_TIME compute_latency_ref_time() const;
+
+    std::thread asio_thread;
+    std::atomic_bool asio_thread_initialized = false;
+    std::mutex asio_thread_state_lock;
+    // TODO: use `std::atomic<T>::wait` when stabilized in MSVC
+    std::condition_variable asio_thread_state_cv;
+    std::atomic<AsioThreadState> asio_thread_state = AsioThreadState::Closed;
+    moodycamel::BlockingReaderWriterQueue<AsioThreadMessage> asio_msg_queue_func;
+    moodycamel::BlockingReaderWriterQueue<AsioError> asio_msg_queue_result;
+
+    moodycamel::ReaderWriterQueue<BufferEntry> queue;
+    std::optional<HANDLE> relay_handle = std::nullopt;
+
+    IAsio *asio_driver = nullptr;
+    AsioCallbacks asio_callbacks {};
+    AsioDriverInfo driver_info_ {};
+    AsioInstanceInfo asio_info_;
+    std::vector<AsioChannelInfo> asio_channel_info_;
+    std::vector<AsioBufferInfo> asio_buffers;
+    SampleType asio_sample_type = SampleType::UNSUPPORTED;
+
+    std::atomic_bool started = false;
+    WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE format_ {};
+    WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE last_checked_format {};
+
+    //std::vector<BYTE> last_sound_buffer;
+    std::vector<double> conversion_sound_buffer;
+    BYTE *active_sound_buffer = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/implementations/backend.h b/hooks/audio/implementations/backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9aced55
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/implementations/backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <audioclient.h>
+#include <ksmedia.h>
+
+struct WrappedIAudioClient;
+
+struct AudioBackend {
+public:
+    virtual ~AudioBackend() = default;
+
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &format() const noexcept = 0;
+
+#pragma region IAudioClient
+    virtual HRESULT on_initialize(
+        AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+        DWORD *StreamFlags,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *hnsBufferDuration,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *hnsPeriodicity,
+        const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+        LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid) = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_get_buffer_size(uint32_t *buffer_frames) = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_get_stream_latency(REFERENCE_TIME *latency) = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_get_current_padding(std::optional<uint32_t> &padding_frames) = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_is_format_supported(
+        AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+        const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+        WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch) = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_get_mix_format(WAVEFORMATEX **pp_device_format) = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_get_device_period(
+        REFERENCE_TIME *default_device_period,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *minimum_device_period) = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_start() = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_stop() = 0;
+
+    virtual HRESULT on_set_event_handle(HANDLE *event_handle) = 0;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IAudioRenderClient
+    virtual HRESULT on_get_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_requested, BYTE **ppData) = 0;
+    virtual HRESULT on_release_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_written, DWORD dwFlags) = 0;
+#pragma endregion
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.cpp b/hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cee1697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+#include "wave_out.h"
+
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/audio_client.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/backends/wasapi/defs.h"
+
+static REFERENCE_TIME WASAPI_TARGET_REFTIME = TARGET_REFTIME;
+
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::init(uint32_t buffer_size) {
+    auto &format = hooks::audio::FORMAT.Format;
+    format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
+
+    log_info("audio::wave_out", "initializing waveOut backend with {} channels, {} Hz, {}-bit",
+             format.nChannels,
+             format.nSamplesPerSec,
+             format.wBitsPerSample);
+    log_info("audio::wave_out", "... nBlockAlign     : {} bytes", format.nBlockAlign);
+    log_info("audio::wave_out", "... nAvgBytesPerSec : {} bytes", format.nAvgBytesPerSec);
+    log_info("audio::wave_out", "... buffer reftime  : {} ms", WASAPI_TARGET_REFTIME / 10000.f);
+    log_info("audio::wave_out", "... buffer count    : {} buffers", _countof(this->hdrs));
+
+    MMRESULT ret = waveOutOpen(
+            &this->handle,
+            WAVE_MAPPER,
+            reinterpret_cast<const WAVEFORMATEX *>(&hooks::audio::FORMAT.Format),
+            reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(this->dispatcher_event),
+            reinterpret_cast<DWORD_PTR>(nullptr),
+            CALLBACK_EVENT);
+
+    if (ret != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
+        log_warning("audio::wave_out", "failed to initialize waveOut backend, hr={:#08x}",
+                    static_cast<unsigned>(ret));
+
+        return static_cast<HRESULT>(ret);
+    }
+
+    // initialize buffers
+    for (auto &hdr : this->hdrs) {
+        memset(&hdr, 0, sizeof(hdr));
+        hdr.lpData = new char[buffer_size] {};
+        hdr.dwBufferLength = buffer_size;
+        hdr.dwBytesRecorded = 0;
+        hdr.dwUser = 0;
+        hdr.dwFlags = 0;
+        hdr.dwLoops = 0;
+        hdr.lpNext = nullptr;
+        ret = waveOutPrepareHeader(this->handle, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+
+        if (ret != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
+            log_warning("audio::wave_out", "failed to prepare waveOut header, hr=0x{:08x}",
+                        static_cast<unsigned>(ret));
+
+            return static_cast<HRESULT>(ret);
+        }
+
+        ret = waveOutWrite(this->handle, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+
+        if (ret != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
+            log_warning("audio::wave_out", "failed to write waveOut header, hr=0x{:08x}",
+                    static_cast<unsigned>(ret));
+
+            return static_cast<HRESULT>(ret);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // mark as initialized
+    this->initialized = true;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &WaveOutBackend::format() const noexcept {
+    return hooks::audio::FORMAT;
+}
+
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_initialize(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+    DWORD *StreamFlags,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *hnsBufferDuration,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *hnsPeriodicity,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid) noexcept
+{
+    *ShareMode = AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED;
+    *StreamFlags = AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK |
+            AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_RATEADJUST |
+            AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM |
+            AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY;
+    *hnsBufferDuration = WASAPI_TARGET_REFTIME;
+    *hnsPeriodicity = WASAPI_TARGET_REFTIME;
+
+    // this backend only supports stereo audio
+    if (pFormat->nChannels > 2) {
+        return AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+    }
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_get_buffer_size(uint32_t *buffer_frames) noexcept {
+    *buffer_frames = _countof(this->hdrs);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_get_stream_latency(REFERENCE_TIME *latency) noexcept {
+    *latency = WASAPI_TARGET_REFTIME;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_get_current_padding(std::optional<uint32_t> &padding_frames) noexcept {
+    size_t queued_bytes = 0;
+
+    for (auto &hdr : this->hdrs) {
+        if (hdr.dwFlags & WHDR_DONE) {
+            queued_bytes += static_cast<unsigned>(hdr.dwBufferLength);
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto frames = static_cast<uint32_t>(queued_bytes / hooks::audio::FORMAT.Format.nBlockAlign);
+    //log_info("audio::wave_out", "queued_bytes = {}, frames = {}", queued_bytes, frames);
+
+    padding_frames = frames;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_is_format_supported(
+    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+    const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+    WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch) noexcept
+{
+    // always support 44.1 kHz, stereo, 16-bits per channel with custom backends
+    if (*ShareMode == AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE &&
+        pFormat->nChannels == 2 &&
+        pFormat->nSamplesPerSec == 44100 &&
+        pFormat->wBitsPerSample == 16)
+    {
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_get_mix_format(WAVEFORMATEX **pp_device_format) noexcept {
+    return E_NOTIMPL;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_get_device_period(
+    REFERENCE_TIME *default_device_period,
+    REFERENCE_TIME *minimum_device_period)
+{
+    *default_device_period = WASAPI_TARGET_REFTIME;
+    *minimum_device_period = WASAPI_TARGET_REFTIME;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_start() noexcept {
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_stop() noexcept {
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_set_event_handle(HANDLE *event_handle) {
+    this->relay_event = *event_handle;
+    this->dispatcher_event = CreateEvent(nullptr, true, false, nullptr);
+
+    *event_handle = this->dispatcher_event;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_get_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_requested, BYTE **ppData) {
+    auto buffer_size = hooks::audio::FORMAT.Format.nBlockAlign * num_frames_requested;
+
+    if (!this->initialized) {
+        this->init(buffer_size);
+    }
+
+    // wait for a free slot
+    WaitForSingleObject(this->dispatcher_event, INFINITE);
+
+    // allocate temporary sound buffer
+    this->active_sound_buffer = reinterpret_cast<BYTE *>(CoTaskMemAlloc(buffer_size));
+
+    // hand the buffer to the callee
+    *ppData = this->active_sound_buffer;
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
+HRESULT WaveOutBackend::on_release_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_written, DWORD dwFlags) {
+    bool written = false;
+
+    // reset the dispatcher event
+    ResetEvent(this->dispatcher_event);
+
+    while (!written) {
+        for (WAVEHDR &hdr : this->hdrs) {
+            if (hdr.dwFlags & WHDR_DONE) {
+                memcpy(hdr.lpData, this->active_sound_buffer, hdr.dwBufferLength);
+
+                // write the data to the device now
+                MMRESULT ret = waveOutWrite(this->handle, &hdr, sizeof(hdr));
+
+                if (ret != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
+                    log_warning("audio::wave_out", "failed to write waveOut data, hr={:#08x}",
+                            static_cast<unsigned>(ret));
+                }
+
+                written = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // avoid pegging the CPU
+        if (!written) {
+            Sleep(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // free temporary sound buffer
+    CoTaskMemFree(this->active_sound_buffer);
+    this->active_sound_buffer = nullptr;
+
+    // trigger game audio callback
+    SetEvent(this->relay_event);
+
+    return S_OK;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.h b/hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09ed876
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/implementations/wave_out.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
+#include <mmsystem.h>
+
+#include "backend.h"
+
+#define WASAPI_BUFFER_COUNT 3
+#define TARGET_REFTIME      (100000) // 10 ms
+
+struct WaveOutBackend final : AudioBackend {
+public:
+    ~WaveOutBackend() final = default;
+
+    HRESULT init(uint32_t buffer_size);
+
+    const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE &format() const noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_initialize(
+        AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+        DWORD *StreamFlags,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *hnsBufferDuration,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *hnsPeriodicity,
+        const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+        LPCGUID AudioSessionGuid) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_buffer_size(uint32_t *buffer_frames) noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_get_stream_latency(REFERENCE_TIME *latency) noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_get_current_padding(std::optional<uint32_t> &padding_frames) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_is_format_supported(
+        AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE *ShareMode,
+        const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat,
+        WAVEFORMATEX **ppClosestMatch) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_mix_format(WAVEFORMATEX **pp_device_format) noexcept override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_device_period(
+        REFERENCE_TIME *default_device_period,
+        REFERENCE_TIME *minimum_device_period) override;
+
+    HRESULT on_start() noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_stop() noexcept override;
+    HRESULT on_set_event_handle(HANDLE *event_handle) override;
+
+    HRESULT on_get_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_requested, BYTE **ppData) override;
+    HRESULT on_release_buffer(uint32_t num_frames_written, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+
+private:
+    WrappedIAudioClient *client;
+
+    bool initialized = false;
+    HANDLE relay_event = nullptr;
+    HANDLE dispatcher_event = nullptr;
+    HWAVEOUT handle = nullptr;
+    WAVEHDR hdrs[WASAPI_BUFFER_COUNT] {};
+    BYTE *active_sound_buffer = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/audio/util.cpp b/hooks/audio/util.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c4256f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/util.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include "util.h"
+
+#include <ks.h>
+#include <ksmedia.h>
+
+#include "util/flags_helper.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+std::string channel_mask_str(DWORD channel_mask) {
+    FLAGS_START(channel_mask);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_TOP_CENTER);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_LEFT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_CENTER);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_LEFT);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_CENTER);
+    FLAG(channel_mask, SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_RIGHT);
+    FLAGS_END(channel_mask);
+}
+
+std::string share_mode_str(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE share_mode) {
+    switch (share_mode) {
+        ENUM_VARIANT(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE);
+        default:
+            return fmt::format("ShareMode(0x{:08x})", share_mode);
+    }
+}
+
+void copy_wave_format(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *destination, const WAVEFORMATEX *source) {
+    if (source->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
+        memcpy(destination, source, sizeof(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE));
+    } else {
+        memcpy(destination, source, sizeof(WAVEFORMATEX));
+    }
+}
+
+void print_format(const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat) {
+    log_info("audio", "Wave Format:");
+
+    // format specific
+    if (pFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
+        auto format = reinterpret_cast<const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *>(pFormat);
+        log_info("audio", "... SubFormat           : {}", guid2s(format->SubFormat));
+    } else {
+        log_info("audio", "... wFormatTag          : {}", pFormat->wFormatTag);
+    }
+
+    // generic
+    log_info("audio", "... nChannels           : {}", pFormat->nChannels);
+    log_info("audio", "... nSamplesPerSec      : {}", pFormat->nSamplesPerSec);
+    log_info("audio", "... nAvgBytesPerSec     : {}", pFormat->nAvgBytesPerSec);
+    log_info("audio", "... nBlockAlign         : {}", pFormat->nBlockAlign);
+    log_info("audio", "... wBitsPerSample      : {}", pFormat->wBitsPerSample);
+
+    // format specific
+    if (pFormat->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
+        auto format = reinterpret_cast<const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *>(pFormat);
+
+        if (pFormat->wBitsPerSample == 0) {
+            log_info("audio", "... wSamplesPerBlock    : {}", format->Samples.wSamplesPerBlock);
+        } else {
+            log_info("audio", "... wValidBitsPerSample : {}", format->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample);
+        }
+
+        log_info("audio", "... dwChannelMask       : {}", channel_mask_str(format->dwChannelMask));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/audio/util.h b/hooks/audio/util.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..739aa52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/audio/util.h
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <audiosessiontypes.h>
+#include <mmreg.h>
+
+std::string channel_mask_str(DWORD channel_mask);
+std::string share_mode_str(AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE share_mode);
+void copy_wave_format(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE *destination, const WAVEFORMATEX *source);
+void print_format(const WAVEFORMATEX *pFormat);
diff --git a/hooks/avshook.cpp b/hooks/avshook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4dbc32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/avshook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
+#include "avshook.h"
+
+#include <map>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "external/layeredfs/hook.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "external/layeredfs/hook.h"
+
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+static bool FAKE_FILE_OPEN = false;
+
+static std::map<std::string, std::string> ROM_FILE_MAP;
+static std::string *ROM_FILE_CONTENTS = nullptr;
+
+namespace hooks::avs::config {
+    bool DISABLE_VFS_DRIVE_REDIRECTION = false;
+    bool LOG = false;
+};
+
+using namespace hooks::avs;
+
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) \
+    if (config::LOG) { \
+        log_misc("avshook", "{}: " format " = 0x{:x}",  __FUNCTION__, __VA_ARGS__, static_cast<unsigned>(value)); \
+    }
+#define AVS_HOOK(f) hook_function(::avs::core::IMPORT_NAMES.f, #f, &::avs::core::f, f)
+
+template<typename T>
+static void hook_function(const char *source_name, const char *target_name, T **source, T *target) {
+    if (!detour::trampoline_try(avs::core::DLL_NAME.c_str(), source_name, target, source)) {
+        log_warning("avshook", "could not hook {} ({})", target_name, source_name);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline bool is_fake_fd(avs::core::avs_file_t fd) {
+    return FAKE_FILE_OPEN && fd == 1337;
+}
+
+static bool is_dest_file(const char *name) {
+    static std::string path_dest = fmt::format("/dev/raw/{}.dest", avs::game::DEST[0]);
+    static std::string path_bin = fmt::format("/dev/raw/{}.bin", avs::game::DEST[0]);
+
+    return !_stricmp(name, path_dest.c_str()) || !_stricmp(name, path_bin.c_str());
+}
+
+static bool is_dest_file(const char *name, uint16_t mode) {
+    return mode == 1 && is_dest_file(name);
+}
+
+static bool is_dest_spec_ea3_config(const char *name) {
+    static std::string path = fmt::format("/prop/ea3-config-{}{}.xml", avs::game::DEST[0], avs::game::SPEC[0]);
+
+    return !_stricmp(name, path.c_str());
+}
+
+static bool is_spam_file(const char *file) {
+    static const char *spam_prefixes[] = {
+        "/mnt/bm2d/ngp",
+        "/afp",
+        "/dev/nvram/pm_eco.xml",
+        "/dev/nvram/pm_gamesys.xml",
+        "/dev/nvram/pm_clock.xml",
+    };
+
+    for (auto &spam : spam_prefixes) {
+        if (string_begins_with(file, spam)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+static int avs_fs_fstat(avs::core::avs_file_t fd, struct avs::core::avs_stat *st) {
+    if (is_fake_fd(fd) && ROM_FILE_CONTENTS) {
+        if (st) {
+            st->filesize = static_cast<uint32_t>(ROM_FILE_CONTENTS->length());
+            st->padding.st_dev = 0;
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    return avs::core::avs_fs_fstat(fd, st);
+}
+
+static int avs_fs_lstat(const char *name, struct avs::core::avs_stat *st) {
+    if (name == nullptr) {
+        return avs::core::avs_fs_lstat(name, st);
+    }
+
+    if (is_dest_file(name) || is_dest_spec_ea3_config(name)) {
+        if (st) {
+            st->filesize = 0;
+            st->padding.st_dev = 0;
+        }
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    auto value = layeredfs::initialized 
+        ? layeredfs::hook_avs_fs_lstat(name, st) : avs::core::avs_fs_lstat(name, st);
+
+    if (!is_spam_file(name)) {
+        WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("name: {}", name);
+    }
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+static avs::core::avs_file_t avs_fs_open(const char *name, uint16_t mode, int flags) {
+    if (name == nullptr) {
+        return avs::core::avs_fs_open(name, mode, flags);
+    }
+
+    if (!FAKE_FILE_OPEN && (is_dest_file(name, mode) || ROM_FILE_MAP.contains(name))) {
+        FAKE_FILE_OPEN = true;
+
+        if (ROM_FILE_MAP.contains(name)) {
+            ROM_FILE_CONTENTS = &ROM_FILE_MAP.at(name);
+        }
+
+        log_info("avshook", "opening fake file '{}'", name);
+
+        return 1337;
+    }
+
+    auto value = layeredfs::initialized 
+        ? layeredfs::hook_avs_fs_open(name, mode, flags) : avs::core::avs_fs_open(name, mode, flags);
+
+    if (!is_spam_file(name)) {
+        WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("name: {} mode: {} flags: {}", name, mode, flags);
+    }
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+static void avs_fs_close(avs::core::avs_file_t fd) {
+    if (is_fake_fd(fd)) {
+        FAKE_FILE_OPEN = false;
+        ROM_FILE_CONTENTS = nullptr;
+
+        log_info("hooks::avs", "closing fake fd");
+    } else {
+        avs::core::avs_fs_close(fd);
+    }
+}
+
+static int avs_fs_copy(const char *sname, const char *dname) {
+    if (sname == nullptr || dname == nullptr) {
+        return avs::core::avs_fs_copy(sname, dname);
+    }
+
+    auto value = avs::core::avs_fs_copy(sname, dname);
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("sname: {} dname {}", sname, dname);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+static avs::core::avs_file_t avs_fs_opendir(const char *path) {
+    if (path == nullptr) {
+        return avs::core::avs_fs_opendir(path);
+    }
+
+    auto value = avs::core::avs_fs_opendir(path);
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("path: {}", path);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+static int avs_fs_mount(const char *mountpoint, const char *fsroot, const char *fstype, void *data) {
+    // avs redirection breaks ongaku paradise
+    if (mountpoint == nullptr ||
+        fsroot == nullptr ||
+        fstype == nullptr ||
+        avs::game::is_model("JC9")) {
+        return avs::core::avs_fs_mount(mountpoint, fsroot, fstype, data);
+    }
+
+    std::optional<std::string> new_fs_root = std::nullopt;
+
+    if (_stricmp(mountpoint, "/mnt/ea3-config.xml") == 0 && is_dest_spec_ea3_config(fsroot)) {
+        new_fs_root = fmt::format("/{}", avs::ea3::CFG_PATH);
+    }
+
+    // remap drive mounts to `dev/vfs/drive_x` where x is the drive letter
+    if (!config::DISABLE_VFS_DRIVE_REDIRECTION &&
+        (_strnicmp(fsroot, "d:", 2) == 0 ||
+        _strnicmp(fsroot, "e:", 2) == 0 ||
+        _strnicmp(fsroot, "f:", 2) == 0) &&
+        _stricmp(fstype, "fs") == 0)
+    {
+        // sub path is everything after the drive and colon characters
+        const char drive_letter[2] {
+            static_cast<char>(std::tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(fsroot[0]))),
+            '\0',
+        };
+        const auto separator = fsroot[2] == '/' ? "" : "/";
+        const auto sub_path = &fsroot[2];
+        const std::filesystem::path mapped_path = fmt::format(
+                "dev/vfs/drive_{}{}{}",
+                drive_letter,
+                separator,
+                sub_path);
+
+        // create the mapped directory path
+        std::error_code err;
+        std::filesystem::create_directories(mapped_path, err);
+
+        if (err) {
+            log_warning("hooks::avs", "failed to create '{}': {}", mapped_path.string(), err.message());
+        } else {
+
+            // if this is the `e:\`, then create the special directories
+            if (drive_letter[0] == 'e' &&
+                (sub_path[0] == '/' || sub_path[0] == '\\') &&
+                sub_path[1] == '\0')
+            {
+                fileutils::dir_create_log("hooks::avs", mapped_path / "tmp");
+                fileutils::dir_create_log("hooks::avs", mapped_path / "up");
+            }
+
+            log_misc("hooks::avs", "source directory '{}' remapped to '{}'",
+                    fsroot,
+                    mapped_path.string());
+        }
+
+        new_fs_root = mapped_path.string();
+    }
+
+    auto fs_root_data = new_fs_root.has_value() ? new_fs_root->c_str() : fsroot;
+    auto value = avs::core::avs_fs_mount(mountpoint, fs_root_data, fstype, data);
+
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("mountpoint: {}, fsroot: {}, fstype: {}", mountpoint, fs_root_data, fstype);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+static size_t avs_fs_read(avs::core::avs_file_t fd, uint8_t *data, uint32_t data_size) {
+    if (is_fake_fd(fd) && ROM_FILE_CONTENTS) {
+        const auto size = std::min(static_cast<size_t>(data_size), ROM_FILE_CONTENTS->length());
+
+        memcpy(data, ROM_FILE_CONTENTS->c_str(), size);
+
+        return size;
+    }
+
+    return avs::core::avs_fs_read(fd, data, data_size);
+}
+
+static int property_file_write(avs::core::property_ptr prop, const char* path) {
+    if (prop == nullptr || path == nullptr) {
+        return avs::core::property_file_write(prop, path);
+    }
+
+    // resort anthem dumps eacoin to /dev/nvram/eacoin AND /eacoin.xml
+    // it never reads /eacoin.xml, so it's probably a development leftover
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JDZ") && _stricmp(path, "/eacoin.xml") == 0) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    auto value = avs::core::property_file_write(prop, path);
+
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("path: {}", path);
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+void hooks::avs::init() {
+    log_info("hooks::avs", "initializing");
+
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_fstat);
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_lstat);
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_open);
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_close);
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_copy);
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_opendir);
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_mount);
+    AVS_HOOK(avs_fs_read);
+    AVS_HOOK(property_file_write);
+}
+
+void hooks::avs::set_rom(const char *path, const char *contents) {
+    ROM_FILE_MAP.emplace(path, contents);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/avshook.h b/hooks/avshook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0c83d3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/avshook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string_view>
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include "avs/core.h"
+
+namespace hooks::avs {
+    namespace config {
+        extern bool DISABLE_VFS_DRIVE_REDIRECTION;
+        extern bool LOG;
+    };
+
+    void init();
+    void set_rom(const char *path, const char *contents);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/cfgmgr32hook.cpp b/hooks/cfgmgr32hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0abe04a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/cfgmgr32hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#include "cfgmgr32hook.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <cfgmgr32.h>
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+
+typedef CONFIGRET (WINAPI *CM_Locate_DevNodeA_t)(PDEVINST, DEVINSTID_A, ULONG);
+typedef CONFIGRET (WINAPI *CM_Get_Parent_t)(PDEVINST, DEVINST, ULONG);
+typedef CONFIGRET (WINAPI *CM_Get_Device_IDA_t)(DEVINST, PSTR, ULONG, ULONG);
+
+static CM_Locate_DevNodeA_t CM_Locate_DevNodeA_real = nullptr;
+static CM_Get_Parent_t CM_Get_Parent_real = nullptr;
+static CM_Get_Device_IDA_t CM_Get_Device_IDA_real = nullptr;
+
+static std::vector<CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTING> CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTINGS;
+
+static CONFIGRET WINAPI CM_Locate_DevNodeA_hook(PDEVINST pdnDevInst, DEVINSTID_A pDeviceID, ULONG ulFlags) {
+
+    // check device ID
+    if (!pDeviceID)
+        return CM_Locate_DevNodeA_real(pdnDevInst, pDeviceID, ulFlags);
+
+    // custom
+    for (auto &setting : CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTINGS) {
+        if (_stricmp(pDeviceID, setting.device_node_id.c_str()) == 0) {
+            *pdnDevInst = (DEVINST) setting.device_instance;
+            return CR_SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return CM_Locate_DevNodeA_real(pdnDevInst, pDeviceID, ulFlags);
+}
+
+static CONFIGRET WINAPI CM_Get_Parent_hook(PDEVINST pdnDevInst, DEVINST dnDevInst, ULONG ulFlags) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (auto &setting : CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTINGS) {
+        if (dnDevInst == (DEVINST) setting.device_instance) {
+            *pdnDevInst = (DEVINST) setting.parent_instance;
+            return CR_SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return CM_Get_Parent_real(pdnDevInst, dnDevInst, ulFlags);
+}
+
+static CONFIGRET WINAPI CM_Get_Device_IDA_hook(DEVINST dnDevInst, PSTR Buffer, ULONG BufferLen, ULONG ulFlags) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (auto &setting : CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTINGS) {
+        if (dnDevInst == (DEVINST) setting.parent_instance) {
+
+            // check buffer size
+            if (BufferLen <= setting.device_id.length())
+                return CR_BUFFER_SMALL;
+
+            // copy device ID to buffer
+            memcpy(Buffer, setting.device_id.c_str(), setting.device_id.length() + 1);
+            return CR_SUCCESS;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return CM_Get_Device_IDA_real(dnDevInst, Buffer, BufferLen, ulFlags);
+}
+
+void cfgmgr32hook_init(HINSTANCE module) {
+
+    // hook functions
+    CM_Locate_DevNodeA_real = (CM_Locate_DevNodeA_t) detour::iat_try(
+            "CM_Locate_DevNodeA", (void *) &CM_Locate_DevNodeA_hook, module);
+    CM_Get_Parent_real = (CM_Get_Parent_t) detour::iat_try(
+            "CM_Get_Parent", (void *) &CM_Get_Parent_hook, module);
+    CM_Get_Device_IDA_real = (CM_Get_Device_IDA_t) detour::iat_try(
+            "CM_Get_Device_IDA", (void *) &CM_Get_Device_IDA_hook, module);
+}
+
+void cfgmgr32hook_add(CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTING setting) {
+    CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTINGS.push_back(setting);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/cfgmgr32hook.h b/hooks/cfgmgr32hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e40aae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/cfgmgr32hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+struct CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTING {
+    DWORD device_instance;
+    DWORD parent_instance;
+    std::string device_node_id;
+    std::string device_id;
+};
+
+void cfgmgr32hook_init(HINSTANCE module);
+void cfgmgr32hook_add(CFGMGR32_HOOK_SETTING setting);
diff --git a/hooks/debughook.cpp b/hooks/debughook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8a43af6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/debughook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+#include "debughook.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+namespace debughook {
+
+    // settings
+    bool DEBUGHOOK_LOGGING = true;
+
+    // function pointers
+    static decltype(OutputDebugStringA) *OutputDebugStringA_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(OutputDebugStringW) *OutputDebugStringW_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static void WINAPI OutputDebugStringA_hook(LPCTSTR str) {
+
+        // check if logging is enabled
+        if (!DEBUGHOOK_LOGGING) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // create buffer
+        auto len = strlen(str);
+        auto buf = new TCHAR[len + 1];
+        memset(buf, 0, len + 1);
+
+        // copy to buffer, log message on new lines
+        size_t buf_i = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; str[i] != 0 && i < len; i++) {
+            if (str[i] == '\r') {
+
+                // skip carriage return
+                continue;
+            } else if (str[i] == '\n') {
+
+                // null terminate buffer
+                buf[buf_i] = '\0';
+
+                // log buffer
+                log_info("debughook", "{}", buf);
+
+                // reset buffer
+                len -= buf_i;
+                buf_i = 0;
+                memset(buf, 0, len + 1);
+            } else {
+                buf[buf_i] = str[i];
+                buf_i++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // log buffer if there are remaining characters
+        if (buf_i > 0) {
+            log_info("debughook", "{}", buf);
+        }
+
+        // delete buffer
+        delete[] buf;
+    }
+
+    static void WINAPI OutputDebugStringW_hook(const wchar_t *str) {
+
+        // check if logging is enabled
+        if (!DEBUGHOOK_LOGGING) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        OutputDebugStringA_hook(ws2s(str).c_str());
+    }
+
+    void attach() {
+        log_info("debughook", "attaching...");
+
+        HMODULE kernel32 = libutils::try_module("kernel32.dll");
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) OutputDebugStringA_hook,
+                            libutils::try_proc(kernel32, "OutputDebugStringA"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) OutputDebugStringW_hook,
+                            libutils::try_proc(kernel32, "OutputDebugStringW"));
+        OutputDebugStringA_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "OutputDebugStringA", OutputDebugStringA_hook, nullptr);
+        OutputDebugStringW_orig = detour::iat_try(
+                "OutputDebugStringW", OutputDebugStringW_hook, nullptr);
+
+        log_info("debughook", "attached");
+    }
+
+    void detach() {
+        log_info("debughook", "detaching...");
+
+        if (OutputDebugStringA_orig != nullptr) {
+            detour::iat_try("OutputDebugStringA", OutputDebugStringA_orig, nullptr);
+        }
+        if (OutputDebugStringW_orig != nullptr) {
+            detour::iat_try("OutputDebugStringW", OutputDebugStringW_orig, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        log_info("debughook", "detached");
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/hooks/debughook.h b/hooks/debughook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bdda18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/debughook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace debughook {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool DEBUGHOOK_LOGGING;
+
+    // functions
+    void attach();
+    void detach();
+}
diff --git a/hooks/devicehook.cpp b/hooks/devicehook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32571e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/devicehook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,633 @@
+#include "devicehook.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include <tlhelp32.h>
+
+// std::min
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+namespace hooks::device {
+    bool ENABLE = true;
+}
+
+bool DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG = false;
+static std::string PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE = "d:/###-###/contents";
+
+static decltype(ClearCommBreak) *ClearCommBreak_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(ClearCommError) *ClearCommError_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(CloseHandle) *CloseHandle_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(CreateFileA) *CreateFileA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(CreateFileW) *CreateFileW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(DeviceIoControl) *DeviceIoControl_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(EscapeCommFunction) *EscapeCommFunction_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetCommState) *GetCommState_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetFileSize) *GetFileSize_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetFileSizeEx) *GetFileSizeEx_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetFileInformationByHandle) *GetFileInformationByHandle_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(PurgeComm) *PurgeComm_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(ReadFile) *ReadFile_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupComm) *SetupComm_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetCommBreak) *SetCommBreak_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetCommMask) *SetCommMask_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetCommState) *SetCommState_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetCommTimeouts) *SetCommTimeouts_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(WriteFile) *WriteFile_orig = nullptr;
+
+static std::vector<CustomHandle *> CUSTOM_HANDLES;
+
+MITMHandle::MITMHandle(LPCWSTR lpFileName, std::string rec_file, bool lpFileNameContains) {
+    this->lpFileName = lpFileName;
+    this->rec_file = rec_file;
+    this->lpFileNameContains = lpFileNameContains;
+    this->com_pass = true;
+}
+
+bool MITMHandle::open(LPCWSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+                      LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+                      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile) {
+
+    // check if file name matches
+    if (this->lpFileNameContains) {
+        if (wcsstr(lpFileName, this->lpFileName) == 0)
+            return false;
+    } else {
+        if (wcscmp(lpFileName, this->lpFileName))
+            return false;
+    }
+
+    // create our own file handle
+    handle = CreateFileW_orig(lpFileName, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode,
+                         lpSecurityAttributes, dwCreationDisposition,
+                         dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+
+    // check if it worked - if not device hook will try again without us
+    return handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+int MITMHandle::read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+    DWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead = 0;
+    auto res = ReadFile_orig(handle, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToRead,
+            &lpNumberOfBytesRead, NULL);
+    if (res) {
+
+        // record
+        log_info("mitm", "read: {}", bin2hex((uint8_t*) lpBuffer, lpNumberOfBytesRead));
+
+        // pass
+        return lpNumberOfBytesRead;
+    } else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+int MITMHandle::write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+    DWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten = 0;
+    auto res = WriteFile_orig(handle, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
+            &lpNumberOfBytesWritten, NULL);
+    if (res) {
+
+        // record
+        log_info("mitm", "write: {}", bin2hex((uint8_t*) lpBuffer, lpNumberOfBytesWritten));
+
+        // pass
+        return lpNumberOfBytesWritten;
+    } else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+int MITMHandle::device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer,
+        DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+    DWORD lpBytesReturned = 0;
+    auto res = DeviceIoControl_orig(handle, dwIoControlCode, lpInBuffer, nInBufferSize,
+            lpOutBuffer, nOutBufferSize, &lpBytesReturned, NULL);
+    if (res) {
+
+        // record
+        log_info("mitm", "device_io");
+
+        return lpBytesReturned;
+    } else {
+        return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+size_t MITMHandle::bytes_available() {
+    COMSTAT status;
+    ClearCommError_orig(handle, NULL, &status);
+    return status.cbInQue;
+}
+
+bool MITMHandle::close() {
+    return CloseHandle_orig(handle);
+}
+
+static inline CustomHandle *get_custom_handle(HANDLE handle) {
+
+    // TODO: we can make a custom allocator for the handles and
+    //       add a simple range check instead of going through the
+    //       whole list each time
+
+    // find handle in list
+    for (auto custom_handle : CUSTOM_HANDLES) {
+        if (reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(custom_handle) == handle
+        || custom_handle->handle == handle) {
+            return custom_handle;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // no handle found - hooks will call original functions for this
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+static HANDLE WINAPI CreateFileA_hook(LPCSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+                                      LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+                                      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile) {
+    HANDLE result = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    // convert to wide char
+    WCHAR lpFileNameW[512] { 0 };
+    if (!MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, lpFileName, -1, lpFileNameW, std::size(lpFileNameW))) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // debug
+    if (DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG && lpFileName != nullptr) {
+        log_info("devicehook", "CreateFileA(\"{}\") => len: {}", lpFileName, strlen(lpFileName));
+    }
+
+    // check custom handles
+    if (!CUSTOM_HANDLES.empty()) {
+        for (auto handle : CUSTOM_HANDLES) {
+            if (handle->open(lpFileNameW, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                             dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile)) {
+                SetLastError(0);
+                if (handle->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                    result = handle->handle;
+                } else {
+                    result = (HANDLE) handle;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // hard coded paths fix
+    auto lpFileNameLen = wcslen(lpFileNameW);
+    bool fix = true;
+    for (size_t i = 0, c = 0; i < lpFileNameLen && (c = PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE[i]) != 0; i++) {
+        if (c != '#' && lpFileName[i] != (wchar_t) PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE[i]) {
+            fix = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // do the fix
+    if (fix && lpFileNameLen >= PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE.size()) {
+        auto hcLen = PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE.size();
+        auto buffer = std::make_unique<char[]>(lpFileNameLen + 1);
+
+        buffer[0] = '.';
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < lpFileNameLen - hcLen; i++) {
+            buffer[i + 1] = lpFileName[hcLen + i];
+        }
+
+        if (DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG) {
+            log_info("devicehook", "CreateFileA (fix): {}", buffer.get());
+        }
+
+        return CreateFileA_orig(buffer.get(), dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                                dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    if (result == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        result = CreateFileA_orig(lpFileName, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                                  dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+    }
+
+    // return result
+    return result;
+}
+
+static HANDLE WINAPI CreateFileW_hook(LPCWSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+                                      LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+                                      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile)
+{
+    HANDLE result = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+    // debug
+    if (DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG && lpFileName != nullptr) {
+        log_info("devicehook", "CreateFileW: {}", ws2s(lpFileName));
+    }
+
+    // check custom handles
+    if (!CUSTOM_HANDLES.empty()) {
+        for (auto handle : CUSTOM_HANDLES) {
+            if (handle->open(lpFileName, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                             dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile)) {
+                SetLastError(0);
+                if (handle->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                    result = handle->handle;
+                } else {
+                    result = (HANDLE) handle;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // hard coded paths fix
+    bool fix = true;
+    auto lpFileNameLen = wcslen(lpFileName);
+    for (size_t i = 0, c = 0; i < lpFileNameLen && (c = PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE[i]) != 0; i++) {
+        if (c != '#' && lpFileName[i] != (wchar_t) PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE[i]) {
+            fix = false;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // do the fix
+    if (fix && lpFileNameLen >= PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE.size()) {
+        auto hcLen = PATH_HARD_CODE_COMPARE.size();
+        auto buffer = std::make_unique<wchar_t[]>(lpFileNameLen + 1);
+
+        buffer[0] = '.';
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < lpFileNameLen - hcLen; i++) {
+            buffer[i + 1] = lpFileName[hcLen + i];
+        }
+
+        if (DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG) {
+            log_info("devicehook", "CreateFileW (fix): {}", ws2s(buffer.get()));
+        }
+
+        return CreateFileW_orig(buffer.get(), dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                                dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    if (result == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        result = CreateFileW_orig(lpFileName, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, lpSecurityAttributes,
+                                  dwCreationDisposition, dwFlagsAndAttributes, hTemplateFile);
+    }
+
+    // return result
+    return result;
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI ReadFile_hook(HANDLE hFile, LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead, LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead,
+                                 LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped)
+{
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle) {
+        int value = custom_handle->read(lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToRead);
+        if (value >= 0) {
+            SetLastError(0);
+            *lpNumberOfBytesRead = (DWORD) value;
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            SetLastError(0xD);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return ReadFile_orig(hFile, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToRead, lpNumberOfBytesRead, lpOverlapped);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI WriteFile_hook(HANDLE hFile, LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite,
+                                  LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten, LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped)
+{
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle) {
+        int value = custom_handle->write(lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToWrite);
+        if (value >= 0) {
+            SetLastError(0);
+            *lpNumberOfBytesWritten = (DWORD) value;
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            SetLastError(0xD);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return WriteFile_orig(hFile, lpBuffer, nNumberOfBytesToWrite, lpNumberOfBytesWritten, lpOverlapped);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI DeviceIoControl_hook(HANDLE hDevice, DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                                        LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize, LPDWORD lpBytesReturned,
+                                        LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped)
+{
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hDevice);
+    if (custom_handle) {
+        int count = custom_handle->device_io(dwIoControlCode, lpInBuffer, nInBufferSize, lpOutBuffer, nOutBufferSize);
+        if (count >= 0) {
+            SetLastError(0);
+            *lpBytesReturned = (DWORD) count;
+            if (lpOverlapped) {
+                SetEvent(lpOverlapped->hEvent);
+            }
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            log_info("devicehook", "device_io failed");
+            SetLastError(0xD);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return DeviceIoControl_orig(hDevice, dwIoControlCode, lpInBuffer, nInBufferSize, lpOutBuffer, nOutBufferSize,
+                                lpBytesReturned, lpOverlapped);
+}
+
+static DWORD WINAPI GetFileSize_hook(HANDLE hFile, LPDWORD lpFileSizeHigh) {
+    //log_info("devicehook", "GetFileSizeHook hit");
+    return GetFileSize_orig(hFile, lpFileSizeHigh);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI GetFileSizeEx_hook(HANDLE hFile, PLARGE_INTEGER lpFileSizeHigh) {
+    //log_info("devicehook", "GetFileSizeExHook hit");
+    return GetFileSizeEx_orig(hFile, lpFileSizeHigh);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI GetFileInformationByHandle_hook(HANDLE hFile,
+        LPBY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION lpFileInformation)
+{
+    // custom handle
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle) {
+        SetLastError(0);
+        custom_handle->file_info(lpFileInformation);
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return GetFileInformationByHandle_orig(hFile, lpFileInformation);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI ClearCommBreak_hook(HANDLE hFile) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return ClearCommBreak_orig(hFile);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI ClearCommError_hook(HANDLE hFile, LPDWORD lpErrors, LPCOMSTAT lpStat) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        if (lpStat) {
+            lpStat->fXoffSent = 1;
+
+            /*
+             * Some games may check the input queue size.
+             * QMA does not even attempt to read if this is set to 0.
+             * We just set this to 255 and hope games do not rely on this for buffer sizes.
+             *
+             * Message from the future: As it turned out, some games (CCJ) do in fact rely on this value.
+             */
+            lpStat->cbInQue = custom_handle->bytes_available();
+        }
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return ClearCommError_orig(hFile, lpErrors, lpStat);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI EscapeCommFunction_hook(HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwFunc) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return EscapeCommFunction_orig(hFile, dwFunc);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI GetCommState_hook(HANDLE hFile, LPDCB lpDCB) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        auto *comm_state = &custom_handle->comm_state;
+
+        memcpy(lpDCB, comm_state, std::min(static_cast<size_t>(comm_state->DCBlength), sizeof(*comm_state)));
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return GetCommState_orig(hFile, lpDCB);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI PurgeComm_hook(HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwFlags) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return PurgeComm_orig(hFile, dwFlags);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupComm_hook(HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwInQueue, DWORD dwOutQueue) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return SetupComm_orig(hFile, dwInQueue, dwOutQueue);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetCommBreak_hook(HANDLE hFile) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return SetCommBreak_orig(hFile);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetCommMask_hook(HANDLE hFile, DWORD dwEvtMask) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return SetCommMask_orig(hFile, dwEvtMask);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetCommState_hook(HANDLE hFile, LPDCB lpDCB) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle) {
+
+        // sanity check
+        if (lpDCB->DCBlength <= sizeof(custom_handle->comm_state)) {
+            memcpy(&custom_handle->comm_state, lpDCB, lpDCB->DCBlength);
+        }
+
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return SetCommState_orig(hFile, lpDCB);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetCommTimeouts_hook(HANDLE hFile, LPCOMMTIMEOUTS lpCommTimeouts) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hFile);
+    if (custom_handle && !custom_handle->com_pass) {
+        memcpy(&custom_handle->comm_timeouts, lpCommTimeouts, sizeof(custom_handle->comm_timeouts));
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    return SetCommTimeouts_orig(hFile, lpCommTimeouts);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI CloseHandle_hook(HANDLE hObject) {
+    auto *custom_handle = get_custom_handle(hObject);
+    if (custom_handle) {
+        SetLastError(0);
+        return custom_handle->close();
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return CloseHandle_orig(hObject);
+}
+
+static void suspend_or_resume_other_threads(bool suspending) {
+    HANDLE hThreadSnap = CreateToolhelp32Snapshot(TH32CS_SNAPTHREAD, 0);
+    if (hThreadSnap == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    THREADENTRY32 te32;
+    te32.dwSize = sizeof(THREADENTRY32);
+
+    if (Thread32First(hThreadSnap, &te32)) {
+        do {
+            if (te32.th32OwnerProcessID == GetCurrentProcessId()) {
+                if(te32.th32ThreadID == GetCurrentThreadId()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                HANDLE hThread = OpenThread(THREAD_SUSPEND_RESUME, FALSE, te32.th32ThreadID);
+                if (hThread) {
+                    if (suspending) {
+                        SuspendThread(hThread);
+                    } else {
+                        ResumeThread(hThread);
+                    }
+                    CloseHandle(hThread);
+                }
+            }
+        } while (Thread32Next(hThreadSnap, &te32));
+    }
+
+    CloseHandle(hThreadSnap);
+}
+
+void devicehook_init(HMODULE module) {
+    if (!hooks::device::ENABLE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+#define STORE(value, expr) { \
+    auto tmp = (expr); \
+    if ((value) == nullptr) { \
+        (value) = tmp; \
+    } \
+}
+
+    /*
+    // initialize only once
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    if (initialized) {
+        return;
+    } else {
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+    */
+
+    log_info("devicehook", "init");
+
+    suspend_or_resume_other_threads(true);
+
+    // IAT hooks
+    STORE(ClearCommBreak_orig, detour::iat_try("ClearCommBreak", ClearCommBreak_hook, module));
+    STORE(ClearCommError_orig, detour::iat_try("ClearCommError", ClearCommError_hook, module));
+    STORE(CloseHandle_orig, detour::iat_try("CloseHandle", CloseHandle_hook, module));
+    STORE(CreateFileA_orig, detour::iat_try("CreateFileA", CreateFileA_hook, module));
+    STORE(CreateFileW_orig, detour::iat_try("CreateFileW", CreateFileW_hook, module));
+    STORE(DeviceIoControl_orig, detour::iat_try("DeviceIoControl", DeviceIoControl_hook, module));
+    STORE(EscapeCommFunction_orig, detour::iat_try("EscapeCommFunction", EscapeCommFunction_hook, module));
+    STORE(GetCommState_orig, detour::iat_try("GetCommState", GetCommState_hook, module));
+    STORE(GetFileSize_orig, detour::iat_try("GetFileSize", GetFileSize_hook, module));
+    STORE(GetFileSizeEx_orig, detour::iat_try("GetFileSize", GetFileSizeEx_hook, module));
+    STORE(GetFileInformationByHandle_orig, detour::iat_try(
+                "GetFileInformationByHandle", GetFileInformationByHandle_hook, module));
+    STORE(PurgeComm_orig, detour::iat_try("PurgeComm", PurgeComm_hook, module));
+    STORE(ReadFile_orig, detour::iat_try("ReadFile", ReadFile_hook, module));
+    STORE(SetupComm_orig, detour::iat_try("SetupComm", SetupComm_hook, module));
+    STORE(SetCommBreak_orig, detour::iat_try("SetCommBreak", SetCommBreak_hook, module));
+    STORE(SetCommMask_orig, detour::iat_try("SetCommMask", SetCommMask_hook, module));
+    STORE(SetCommState_orig, detour::iat_try("SetCommState", SetCommState_hook, module));
+    STORE(SetCommTimeouts_orig, detour::iat_try("SetCommTimeouts", SetCommTimeouts_hook, module));
+    STORE(WriteFile_orig, detour::iat_try("WriteFile", WriteFile_hook, module));
+
+    suspend_or_resume_other_threads(false);
+
+#undef STORE
+}
+
+void devicehook_init_trampoline() {
+    // initialize only once
+    static bool initialized = false;
+    if (initialized) {
+        return;
+    } else {
+        initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    suspend_or_resume_other_threads(true);
+
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "ClearCommBreak", ClearCommBreak_hook, &ClearCommBreak_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "ClearCommError", ClearCommError_hook, &ClearCommError_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "CloseHandle", CloseHandle_hook, &CloseHandle_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "CreateFileA", CreateFileA_hook, &CreateFileA_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "CreateFileW", CreateFileW_hook, &CreateFileW_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "DeviceIoControl", DeviceIoControl_hook, &DeviceIoControl_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "EscapeCommFunction", EscapeCommFunction_hook, &EscapeCommFunction_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "WriteFile", WriteFile_hook, &WriteFile_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetFileSize", GetFileSize_hook, &GetFileSize_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetFileSizeEx", GetFileSizeEx_hook, &GetFileSizeEx_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetFileInformationByHandle",
+                           GetFileInformationByHandle_hook, &GetFileInformationByHandle_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetCommState", GetCommState_hook, &GetCommState_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "PurgeComm", PurgeComm_hook, &PurgeComm_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "ReadFile", ReadFile_hook, &ReadFile_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "SetupComm", SetupComm_hook, &SetupComm_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "SetCommBreak", SetCommBreak_hook, &SetCommBreak_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "SetCommMask", SetCommMask_hook, &SetCommMask_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "SetCommState", SetCommState_hook, &SetCommState_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "SetCommTimeouts", SetCommTimeouts_hook, &SetCommTimeouts_orig);
+
+    suspend_or_resume_other_threads(false);
+}
+
+void devicehook_add(CustomHandle *device_handle) {
+    CUSTOM_HANDLES.push_back(device_handle);
+}
+
+void devicehook_dispose() {
+
+    // clean up custom handles
+    for (auto handle : CUSTOM_HANDLES) {
+        delete handle;
+    }
+    CUSTOM_HANDLES.clear();
+}
diff --git a/hooks/devicehook.h b/hooks/devicehook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..123eb11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/devicehook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace hooks::device {
+    extern bool ENABLE;
+}
+
+extern bool DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG;
+
+class CustomHandle {
+public:
+    HANDLE handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    bool com_pass = false;
+
+    virtual ~CustomHandle() = default;
+
+    virtual bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+                      LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+                      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile) {
+        return open(lpFileName);
+    }
+
+    virtual bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+        return false;
+    };
+
+    virtual int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) {
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    virtual int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) {
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    virtual int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                          DWORD nOutBufferSize) {
+        return -1;
+    };
+
+    virtual size_t bytes_available() {
+        return 255;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool close() {
+        return true;
+    };
+
+    virtual void file_info(LPBY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION lpFileInformation) {
+        memset(lpFileInformation, 0, sizeof(*lpFileInformation));
+    };
+
+    DCB comm_state {};
+    COMMTIMEOUTS comm_timeouts {};
+};
+
+class MITMHandle : public CustomHandle {
+protected:
+    LPCWSTR lpFileName = L"";
+    bool lpFileNameContains = false;
+    std::string rec_file = "";
+
+public:
+    MITMHandle(LPCWSTR lpFileName, std::string rec_file = "", bool lpFileNameContains = false);
+
+    bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName, DWORD dwDesiredAccess, DWORD dwShareMode,
+              LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes, DWORD dwCreationDisposition,
+              DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, HANDLE hTemplateFile) override;
+    int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override;
+    int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override;
+    int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize, LPVOID lpOutBuffer,
+                  DWORD nOutBufferSize) override;
+    size_t bytes_available() override;
+    bool close() override;
+};
+
+void devicehook_init(HMODULE module = nullptr);
+void devicehook_init_trampoline();
+void devicehook_add(CustomHandle *device_handle);
+void devicehook_dispose();
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.cpp b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..046d661
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1349 @@
+#include "d3d9_backend.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+#include <external/robin_hood.h>
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#include <d3dx9tex.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "misc/clipboard.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/flags_helper.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/threadpool.h"
+
+#include "d3d9_device.h"
+
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT(x) \
+    do { \
+        HRESULT __ret = (x); \
+        if (GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT && FAILED(__ret)) [[unlikely]] { \
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "{} failed, hr={}", __FUNCTION__, FMT_HRESULT(__ret)); \
+        } \
+        return __ret; \
+    } while (0)
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+typedef decltype(D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA) *D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_t;
+#else
+#define D3DXIFF_PNG ((DWORD) 3)
+
+typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_t)(
+        LPCSTR pDestFile,
+        DWORD DestFormat,
+        LPDIRECT3DSURFACE9 pSrcSurface,
+        CONST PALETTEENTRY *pSrcPalette,
+        CONST RECT *pSrcRect);
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * 9 on 12
+ */
+
+#define MAX_D3D9ON12_QUEUES 2
+typedef struct _D3D9ON12_ARGS {
+    BOOL Enable9On12;
+    IUnknown *pD3D12Device;
+    IUnknown *ppD3D12Queues[MAX_D3D9ON12_QUEUES];
+    UINT NumQueues;
+    UINT NodeMask;
+} D3D9ON12_ARGS;
+
+typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_t)(
+        UINT SDKVersion, D3D9ON12_ARGS *pOverrideList,
+        UINT NumOverrideEntries, IDirect3D9Ex** ppOutputInterface);
+typedef IDirect3D9* (WINAPI *Direct3DCreate9On12_t)(
+        UINT SDKVersion, D3D9ON12_ARGS *pOverrideList, UINT NumOverrideEntries);
+
+// state
+static void *D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR = nullptr;
+static char D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_CONTENTS[16];
+
+static bool ATTEMPTED_D3DX9_LOAD_LIBRARY = false;
+
+// settings
+std::optional<UINT> D3D9_ADAPTER = std::nullopt;
+DWORD D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE = 0;
+
+static decltype(Direct3DCreate9) *Direct3DCreate9_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(Direct3DCreate9Ex) *Direct3DCreate9Ex_orig = nullptr;
+static Direct3DCreate9On12_t Direct3DCreate9On12_orig = nullptr;
+static Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_t Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_orig = nullptr;
+
+static bool ATTEMPTED_SUB_SWAP_CHAIN_ACQUIRE = false;
+static IDirect3DSwapChain9 *SUB_SWAP_CHAIN = nullptr;
+
+static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params);
+
+static std::string behavior2s(DWORD behavior_flags) {
+    FLAGS_START(behavior_flags);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_FPU_PRESERVE);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_MULTITHREADED);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_PUREDEVICE);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_MIXED_VERTEXPROCESSING);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_DISABLE_DRIVER_MANAGEMENT);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_DISABLE_DRIVER_MANAGEMENT_EX);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_NOWINDOWCHANGES);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_DISABLE_PSGP_THREADING);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_ENABLE_PRESENTSTATS);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_DISABLE_PRINTSCREEN);
+    FLAG(behavior_flags, D3DCREATE_SCREENSAVER);
+    FLAGS_END(behavior_flags);
+}
+
+static std::string format2s(D3DFORMAT format) {
+    switch (format) {
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_UNKNOWN);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_R8G8B8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_R5G6B5);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_X1R5G5B5);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A4R4G4B4);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_R3G3B2);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A8R3G3B2);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_X4R4G4B4);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A8B8G8R8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_G16R16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A2R10G10B10);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A8P8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_P8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_L8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A8L8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A4L4);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_V8U8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_L6V5U5);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_X8L8V8U8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_Q8W8V8U8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_V16U16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A2W10V10U10);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_UYVY);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_YUY2);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_DXT1);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_DXT2);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_DXT3);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_DXT4);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_DXT5);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_MULTI2_ARGB8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_G8R8_G8B8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_R8G8_B8G8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D16_LOCKABLE);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D32);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D15S1);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D24S8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D24X8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D24X4S4);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_L16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D32F_LOCKABLE);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D24FS8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_D32_LOCKABLE);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_S8_LOCKABLE);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_VERTEXDATA);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_INDEX16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_INDEX32);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_Q16W16V16U16);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_R16F);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_G16R16F);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A16B16G16R16F);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_R32F);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_G32R32F);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A32B32G32R32F);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_CxV8U8);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A1);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_A2B10G10R10_XR_BIAS);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DFMT_BINARYBUFFER);
+        default:
+            return fmt::to_string(format);
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string presentation_interval2s(UINT presentation_interval) {
+    FLAGS_START(presentation_interval);
+    FLAG(presentation_interval, D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_DEFAULT);
+    FLAG(presentation_interval, D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_ONE);
+    FLAG(presentation_interval, D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_TWO);
+    FLAG(presentation_interval, D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_THREE);
+    FLAG(presentation_interval, D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_FOUR);
+    FLAG(presentation_interval, D3DPRESENT_INTERVAL_IMMEDIATE);
+    FLAGS_END(presentation_interval);
+}
+
+static bool is_dx9_on_12_enabled() {
+    switch (GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_STATE) {
+        case DX9ON12_FORCE_OFF:
+            log_info("graphics::d3d9", "DirectX 9on12: forced OFF by user (-dx9on12)");
+            return false;
+
+        case DX9ON12_FORCE_ON:
+            log_info("graphics::d3d9", "DirectX 9on12: forced ON by user (-9on12 or -dx9on12)");
+            return true;
+
+        case DX9ON12_AUTO:
+        default:
+            if (GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_REQUESTED_BY_GAME) {
+                log_info(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "DirectX 9on12: enabled automatically for current game (tip: use -dx9on12 to force on or off)");
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                log_info(
+                    "graphics::d3d9",
+                    "DirectX 9on12: disabled by default, using DX9 (tip: use -dx9on12 to force on or off)");
+                return false;
+            }
+    }
+}
+
+static IDirect3D9 *WINAPI Direct3DCreate9_hook(UINT SDKVersion) {
+    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "Direct3DCreate9 hook hit");
+
+    // remove hook
+    if (D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR) {
+        detour::inline_restore(D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR, D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_CONTENTS);
+
+        if (Direct3DCreate9_orig == nullptr) {
+            Direct3DCreate9_orig = reinterpret_cast<decltype(Direct3DCreate9) *>(D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // create interface
+    IDirect3D9 *value;
+    if (is_dx9_on_12_enabled()) {
+        if (!Direct3DCreate9On12_orig) {
+            log_fatal("graphics::d3d9", "unable to find Direct3DCreate9On12");
+        } else {
+            D3D9ON12_ARGS args = {};
+            args.Enable9On12 = TRUE;
+            value = Direct3DCreate9On12_orig(SDKVersion, &args, 1);
+        }
+    } else {
+        value = Direct3DCreate9_orig(SDKVersion);
+    }
+    if (value == nullptr) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to create Direct3D interface for {}", SDKVersion);
+
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    value = new WrappedIDirect3D9(value);
+
+    // add hook
+    if (D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR) {
+        detour::inline_noprotect((void *) Direct3DCreate9_hook, D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR);
+    }
+
+    // return modified interface
+    return value;
+}
+
+static HRESULT WINAPI Direct3DCreate9Ex_hook(UINT SDKVersion, IDirect3D9Ex **d3d9ex) {
+    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "Direct3DCreate9Ex hook hit");
+
+    // call original
+    HRESULT result;
+    if (is_dx9_on_12_enabled()) {
+        if (!Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_orig) {
+            log_fatal("graphics::d3d9", "unable to find Direct3DCreate9On12Ex");
+        } else {
+            D3D9ON12_ARGS args = {};
+            args.Enable9On12 = TRUE;
+            result = Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_orig(SDKVersion, &args, 1, d3d9ex);
+        }
+    } else {
+        result = Direct3DCreate9Ex_orig(SDKVersion, d3d9ex);
+    }
+    if (FAILED(result) || *d3d9ex == nullptr) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to create Direct3D interface for {}, hr={}",
+                SDKVersion,
+                FMT_HRESULT(result));
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    *d3d9ex = new WrappedIDirect3D9(*d3d9ex);
+
+    // return original result
+    return result;
+}
+
+void graphics_d3d9_init() {
+    log_info("graphics::d3d9", "initializing");
+
+    // DX9 inline hooks
+    HMODULE d3d9 = libutils::try_module("d3d9.dll");
+    if (!d3d9) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "skipping inline hooks");
+    } else {
+
+        // 9 on 12
+        Direct3DCreate9On12_orig = (Direct3DCreate9On12_t) libutils::try_proc(d3d9, "Direct3DCreate9On12");
+        Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_orig = (Direct3DCreate9On12Ex_t) libutils::try_proc(d3d9, "Direct3DCreate9On12Ex");
+
+        // inline hooks
+        D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR = (void *) libutils::get_proc(d3d9, "Direct3DCreate9");
+        detour::inline_preserve(
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(Direct3DCreate9_hook),
+                D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_ADR,
+                D3D9_DIRECT3D_CREATE9_CONTENTS);
+    }
+
+    // DX9 IAT hooks
+    Direct3DCreate9_orig = detour::iat_try("Direct3DCreate9", Direct3DCreate9_hook);
+    Direct3DCreate9Ex_orig = detour::iat_try("Direct3DCreate9Ex", Direct3DCreate9Ex_hook);
+}
+
+/*
+ * IUnknown
+ */
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::QueryInterface(
+        REFIID riid,
+        void **ppvObj)
+{
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3D9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3D9Ex)
+    {
+        // update to IDirect3DDevice9Ex interface
+        if (!is_d3d9ex && riid == IID_IDirect3D9Ex) {
+            IDirect3D9Ex *ex = nullptr;
+
+            HRESULT ret = pReal->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&ex));
+            if (FAILED(ret) || ex == nullptr) {
+                if (ret != E_NOINTERFACE) {
+                    log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                            "failed to upgrade to IDirect3DDevice9Ex, hr={}",
+                            FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+                }
+
+                return E_NOINTERFACE;
+            }
+
+            pReal->Release();
+            pReal = ex;
+            is_d3d9ex = true;
+        }
+
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::AddRef() {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::Release() {
+    ULONG refs = this->pReal != nullptr ? this->pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IDirect3D9
+ */
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::RegisterSoftwareDevice(void *pInitializeFunction) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->RegisterSoftwareDevice(pInitializeFunction));
+}
+
+UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterCount() {
+    return pReal->GetAdapterCount();
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterIdentifier(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        DWORD Flags,
+        D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9 *pIdentifier)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetAdapterIdentifier(Adapter, Flags, pIdentifier));
+}
+
+UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterModeCount(UINT Adapter, D3DFORMAT Format) {
+    return pReal->GetAdapterModeCount(Adapter, Format);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModes(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        UINT Mode,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode)
+{
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->EnumAdapterModes(Adapter, Format, Mode, pMode);
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(ret) && pMode) {
+        /*
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "IDirect3D9::EnumAdapterMode({}, {}, {}) => {}x{} @ {} Hz ({})",
+                Adapter,
+                format2s(Format),
+                Mode,
+                pMode->Width,
+                pMode->Height,
+                pMode->RefreshRate,
+                format2s(pMode->Format));
+                */
+
+        bool modified = false;
+        auto width = pMode->Width;
+        auto height = pMode->Height;
+        auto refresh = pMode->RefreshRate;
+
+        if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ")) {
+            if (Mode == 0 && games::iidx::TDJ_MODE) {
+                if (games::iidx::is_tdj_fhd()) {
+                    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "overriding mode 0 to 1920x1080 @ 120 Hz (for TDJ FHD)");
+                    pMode->Width = 1920;
+                    pMode->Height = 1080;
+                    pMode->RefreshRate = 120;
+                    modified = true;
+                } else {
+                    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "overriding mode 0 to 1280x720 @ 120 Hz (for TDJ HD)");
+                    pMode->Width = 1280;
+                    pMode->Height = 720;
+                    pMode->RefreshRate = 120;
+                    modified = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // For whatever reason, TDJ FHD mode prefers to pick lower (~60Hz) resolutions instead
+            // of 1080p@120Hz. Remove them here and try to force 120+ Hz.
+            if (!modified && games::iidx::is_tdj_fhd() && refresh < 110) {
+                if ((width == 1920 && height == 1080) ||
+                    (width == 1280 && height == 720)){
+                    log_misc(
+                        "graphics::d3d9", "removing mode {}, {}x{} @ {}Hz (for TDJ FHD)",
+                        Mode, width, height, refresh);
+                    memset(pMode, 0, sizeof(*pMode));
+                    modified = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // zero out display mode for bad entries
+            // - skip non-native resolutions
+            // - skip 75 and 90 Hz entries because LDJ game timing is messed up with it
+            //   (TDJ should be fine as it assumes a fixed 60 Hz timing)
+            if (!modified && (width == 1360 || width == 1366 || refresh == 75 || refresh == 90)) {
+                log_misc(
+                    "graphics::d3d9", "removing mode {}, {}x{} @ {}Hz (for LDJ/TDJ)",
+                    Mode, width, height, refresh);
+                memset(pMode, 0, sizeof(*pMode));
+                modified = true;
+            }
+
+            if (!modified && !games::iidx::TDJ_MODE && games::iidx::FORCE_720P && (height > 720)) {
+                log_misc(
+                    "graphics::d3d9", "removing mode {}, {}x{} @ {}Hz (-iidxforce720p)",
+                    Mode, width, height, refresh);
+                memset(pMode, 0, sizeof(*pMode));
+                modified = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!modified &&
+            (width > height) &&
+            (GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION == ORIENTATION_CW ||
+             GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION == ORIENTATION_CCW)) {
+            log_misc(
+                "graphics::d3d9", "swapping width and height for mode {}, {}x{} @ {}Hz (-autoorientation)",
+                Mode, width, height, refresh);
+            pMode->Height = width;
+            pMode->Width = height;
+            modified = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterDisplayMode(UINT Adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetAdapterDisplayMode(Adapter, pMode));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceType(
+        UINT iAdapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE DevType,
+        D3DFORMAT DisplayFormat,
+        D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat,
+        BOOL bWindowed)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceType(iAdapter, DevType, DisplayFormat, BackBufferFormat, bWindowed));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceFormat(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType,
+        D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat,
+        DWORD Usage,
+        D3DRESOURCETYPE RType,
+        D3DFORMAT CheckFormat)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceFormat(Adapter, DeviceType, AdapterFormat, Usage, RType, CheckFormat));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType,
+        D3DFORMAT SurfaceFormat,
+        BOOL Windowed,
+        D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSampleType,
+        DWORD *pQualityLevels)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(
+            Adapter,
+            DeviceType,
+            SurfaceFormat,
+            Windowed,
+            MultiSampleType,
+            pQualityLevels));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDepthStencilMatch(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType,
+        D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat,
+        D3DFORMAT RenderTargetFormat,
+        D3DFORMAT DepthStencilFormat)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDepthStencilMatch(
+            Adapter,
+            DeviceType,
+            AdapterFormat,
+            RenderTargetFormat,
+            DepthStencilFormat));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CheckDeviceFormatConversion(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType,
+        D3DFORMAT SourceFormat,
+        D3DFORMAT TargetFormat)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CheckDeviceFormatConversion(Adapter, DeviceType, SourceFormat, TargetFormat));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetDeviceCaps(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, D3DCAPS9 *pCaps) {
+    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "IDirect3D9::GetDeviceCaps hook hit");
+
+    if (!pCaps) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "NULL pointer passed in for required parameter");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    // SDVX uses `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup` to allocate a vector and the Microsoft documentation states:
+    // "The value will be 0 for a subordinate adapter of a multihead card. Each card can have at most one
+    // master, but may have many subordinates." Therefore, this must point to the master adapter.
+    if (Adapter == 0 && D3D9_ADAPTER.has_value()) {
+        Adapter = D3D9_ADAPTER.value();
+
+        // Get the master adapter ordinal
+        HRESULT result = this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(Adapter, DeviceType, pCaps);
+        if (FAILED(result)) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "GetDeviceCaps failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(result));
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        // Now get the device caps for the master adapter
+        Adapter = pCaps->MasterAdapterOrdinal;
+    }
+
+    HRESULT ret = this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(Adapter, DeviceType, pCaps);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ")) {
+        if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+            // use 2 so that the subscreen overlay can be drawn in full screen with single monitor
+            pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup = 2;
+        }
+        // in windowed mode, LDJ will always launch two windows, no special handling needed here
+    } else if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED & GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOW) {
+            // user wants windowed mode but does not want subscreen at all
+            pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup = 1;
+        } else {
+            // in both full screen and windowed mode, use 2 so that the game draws the subscreen
+            // (if this is 1, the game won't even draw the second window, causing subscreen overlay to not work)
+            pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup = 2;
+        }
+    } else if (avs::game::is_model({"NBT", "PAN"})) {
+        // beatstream, nostalgia
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+            pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup = std::min(pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup, 1u);
+        } else if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER) {
+            pCaps->NumberOfAdaptersInGroup = 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+HMONITOR STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterMonitor(UINT Adapter) {
+    return pReal->GetAdapterMonitor(Adapter);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDevice(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType,
+        HWND hFocusWindow,
+        DWORD BehaviorFlags,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters,
+        IDirect3DDevice9 **ppReturnedDeviceInterface)
+{
+    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "IDirect3D9::CreateDevice hook hit ({}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            Adapter,
+            DeviceType,
+            fmt::ptr(hFocusWindow),
+            behavior2s(BehaviorFlags),
+            fmt::ptr(pPresentationParameters),
+            fmt::ptr(ppReturnedDeviceInterface));
+
+    // check parameters
+    if (!pPresentationParameters || !ppReturnedDeviceInterface) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "NULL pointer passed in for required parameter");
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    DWORD orig_behavior_flags = BehaviorFlags;
+    size_t num_adapters = 1;
+
+    // behavior flags
+    if (D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE) {
+        BehaviorFlags &= ~D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE;
+    }
+
+    // when rendering via software, disable pure device
+    if (BehaviorFlags & D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING) {
+        BehaviorFlags &= ~D3DCREATE_PUREDEVICE;
+    }
+
+    // override adapter used
+    if (D3D9_ADAPTER.has_value()) {
+        Adapter = D3D9_ADAPTER.value();
+    }
+
+    // get number of adapters for info dump
+    if (orig_behavior_flags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE) {
+        D3DCAPS9 device_caps {};
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(Adapter, DeviceType, &device_caps))) {
+            num_adapters = device_caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // dump presentation parameters
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_adapters; i++) {
+        const auto *params = &pPresentationParameters[i];
+
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9",
+                "D3D9 presentation parameters for adapter {}: BackBufferWidth: {}, BackBufferHeight: {}, "
+                "Format: {}, BackBufferCount: {}, MultiSampleType: {}, MultiSampleQuality: {}, "
+                "SwapEffect: {}, Windowed: {}, EnableAutoDepthStencil: {}, AutoDepthStencilFormat: {}, "
+                "Flags: {}, FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz: {}, PresentationInterval: {}",
+                i,
+                params->BackBufferWidth,
+                params->BackBufferHeight,
+                format2s(params->BackBufferFormat),
+                params->BackBufferCount,
+                params->MultiSampleType,
+                params->MultiSampleQuality,
+                params->SwapEffect,
+                params->Windowed,
+                params->EnableAutoDepthStencil,
+                format2s(params->AutoDepthStencilFormat),
+                params->Flags,
+                params->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
+                presentation_interval2s(params->PresentationInterval));
+    }
+
+    // set windowed
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        pPresentationParameters->Windowed = true;
+        pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
+
+    } else if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "force refresh rate: {} => {} Hz (-graphics-force-refresh option)",
+                pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
+                GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH);
+
+        pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+
+    } else if (pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz == 0) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics::d3d9",
+            "This game sets FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz to 0, which means it will boot with whatever "
+            "refresh rate you have set in the desktop. If the game is launching at the wrong Hz, "
+            "either use -graphics-force-refresh option or change the desktop resolution beforehand.");
+    }
+
+    // force single adapter
+    if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "disabling adapter group device with force single adapter mode");
+
+        D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE |= D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE;
+        BehaviorFlags &= ~D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    HRESULT ret = this->pReal->CreateDevice(
+            Adapter,
+            DeviceType,
+            hFocusWindow,
+            BehaviorFlags,
+            pPresentationParameters,
+            ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+
+    // check for error
+    if (ret != D3D_OK) {
+
+        // log error
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "IDirect3D9::CreateDevice failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    } else if (!D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE) {
+        graphics_hook_window(hFocusWindow, pPresentationParameters);
+
+        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(hFocusWindow, *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+    }
+
+    // return result
+    return ret;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IDirect3D9Ex
+ */
+
+UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterModeCountEx(UINT Adapter, const D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER *pFilter) {
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+
+    return static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterModeCountEx(Adapter, pFilter);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::EnumAdapterModesEx(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        const D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER *pFilter,
+        UINT Mode,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode)
+{
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->EnumAdapterModesEx(Adapter, pFilter, Mode, pMode));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode,
+        D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
+{
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(Adapter, pMode, pRotation));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::CreateDeviceEx(
+        UINT Adapter,
+        D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType,
+        HWND hFocusWindow,
+        DWORD BehaviorFlags,
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex **ppReturnedDeviceInterface)
+{
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+
+    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "IDirect3D9Ex::CreateDeviceEx hook hit ({}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+             Adapter,
+             DeviceType,
+             fmt::ptr(hFocusWindow),
+             behavior2s(BehaviorFlags),
+             fmt::ptr(pPresentationParameters),
+             fmt::ptr(ppReturnedDeviceInterface));
+
+    // check parameters
+    if (!pPresentationParameters || !ppReturnedDeviceInterface) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "NULL pointer passed in required parameter");
+
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    DWORD orig_behavior_flags = BehaviorFlags;
+    size_t num_adapters = 1;
+
+    // behavior flags
+    if (D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE) {
+        BehaviorFlags &= ~D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE;
+    }
+
+    // when rendering via software, disable pure device
+    if (BehaviorFlags & D3DCREATE_SOFTWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING) {
+        BehaviorFlags &= ~D3DCREATE_PUREDEVICE;
+    }
+
+    // override adapter used
+    if (D3D9_ADAPTER.has_value()) {
+        Adapter = D3D9_ADAPTER.value();
+    }
+
+    // get number of adapters for info dump
+    if (orig_behavior_flags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE) {
+        D3DCAPS9 device_caps {};
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(this->pReal->GetDeviceCaps(Adapter, DeviceType, &device_caps))) {
+            num_adapters = device_caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < num_adapters; i++) {
+        const auto *params = &pPresentationParameters[i];
+
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9",
+                "D3D9Ex presentation parameters for adapter {}: BackBufferWidth: {}, BackBufferHeight: {}, "
+                "Format: {}, BackBufferCount: {}, MultiSampleType: {}, MultiSampleQuality: {}, "
+                "SwapEffect: {}, Windowed: {}, EnableAutoDepthStencil: {}, AutoDepthStencilFormat: {}, "
+                "Flags: {}, FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz: {}, PresentationInterval: {}",
+                i,
+                params->BackBufferWidth,
+                params->BackBufferHeight,
+                format2s(params->BackBufferFormat),
+                params->BackBufferCount,
+                params->MultiSampleType,
+                params->MultiSampleQuality,
+                params->SwapEffect,
+                params->Windowed,
+                params->EnableAutoDepthStencil,
+                format2s(params->AutoDepthStencilFormat),
+                params->Flags,
+                params->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
+                presentation_interval2s(params->PresentationInterval));
+    }
+    if (pFullscreenDisplayMode) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < num_adapters; i++) {
+            const auto *fullscreen_display_mode = &pFullscreenDisplayMode[i];
+
+            log_info("graphics::d3d9",
+                    "D3D9Ex fullscreen display mode for adapter {}: Width: {}, Height: {}, RefreshRate: {}, "
+                    "Format: {}, ScanLineOrdering: {}",
+                    i,
+                    fullscreen_display_mode->Width,
+                    fullscreen_display_mode->Height,
+                    fullscreen_display_mode->RefreshRate,
+                    format2s(fullscreen_display_mode->Format),
+                    fullscreen_display_mode->ScanLineOrdering);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // set windowed
+    //
+    // note from MSDN: `pFullscreenDisplayMode` must be NULL for windowed mode.
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        if (avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC"}) && (BehaviorFlags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {
+            log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "disabling adapter group device in windowed mode");
+
+            D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE |= D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE;
+            BehaviorFlags &= ~D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE;
+        }
+
+        pPresentationParameters->Windowed = true;
+        pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
+        pFullscreenDisplayMode = nullptr;
+    } else if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "force refresh rate: {} => {} Hz",
+                pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz,
+                GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH);
+
+        pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode) {
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode->RefreshRate = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // force single adapter
+    if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "disabling adapter group device with force single adapter mode");
+
+        D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE |= D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE;
+        BehaviorFlags &= ~D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    HRESULT result = static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(this->pReal)->CreateDeviceEx(
+            Adapter,
+            DeviceType,
+            hFocusWindow,
+            BehaviorFlags,
+            pPresentationParameters,
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode,
+            ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+
+    // check for error
+    if (result != D3D_OK) {
+
+        // log error
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "CreateDeviceEx failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(result));
+    } else if (!D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE) {
+        graphics_hook_window(hFocusWindow, pPresentationParameters);
+
+        *ppReturnedDeviceInterface = new WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(hFocusWindow, *ppReturnedDeviceInterface);
+
+        // initialize sub screen if IIDX/SDVX requested a multi-head context
+        if (avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC"}) && (orig_behavior_flags & D3DCREATE_ADAPTERGROUP_DEVICE)) {
+            graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(*ppReturnedDeviceInterface, &pPresentationParameters[1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3D9::GetAdapterLUID(UINT Adapter, LUID *pLUID) {
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3D9Ex *>(pReal)->GetAdapterLUID(Adapter, pLUID));
+}
+
+// Create swap chain for TDJ sub screen if needed
+//
+// The sub screen swap chain should be created if:
+// - Running windowed with `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup >= 2` (game expects implicit swap chain to exist)
+// - Running fullscreen with `NumberOfAdaptersInGroup < 2` (overridden `GetDeviceCaps` structure)
+static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_init_sub_screen(IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params) {
+    D3DCAPS9 caps {};
+    HRESULT hr = device->GetDeviceCaps(&caps);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to get device caps, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // check if sub window swap chain is needed
+    /*
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup < 2) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "skipping swap chain creation, running windowed with less than two monitors");
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && caps.NumberOfAdaptersInGroup >= 2) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "skipping swap chain creation, running fullscreen with two or more monitors");
+        return;
+    }
+    */
+
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "creating additional swap chain");
+
+        present_params->Windowed = true;
+        present_params->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
+
+        // calling `WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateAdditionalSwapChain` triggers special handling for
+        // LDJ calling `GetSwapChain`
+        hr = device->CreateAdditionalSwapChain(present_params, &SUB_SWAP_CHAIN);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to create additional swap chain, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        }
+    } else {
+        hr = device->GetSwapChain(1, &SUB_SWAP_CHAIN);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to acquire fullscreen sub swap chain, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        } else {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        hr = device->CreateAdditionalSwapChain(present_params, &SUB_SWAP_CHAIN);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to get additional swap chain, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+IDirect3DSurface9 *graphics_d3d9_ldj_get_sub_screen() {
+    if (SUB_SWAP_CHAIN == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    IDirect3DSurface9 *surface = nullptr;
+    HRESULT hr = SUB_SWAP_CHAIN->GetBackBuffer(0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &surface);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to get back buffer of LDJ sub screen, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return surface;
+}
+
+static void graphics_d3d9_ldj_on_present(IDirect3DDevice9 *wrapped_device) {
+    if (!ATTEMPTED_SUB_SWAP_CHAIN_ACQUIRE && SUB_SWAP_CHAIN == nullptr) {
+        ATTEMPTED_SUB_SWAP_CHAIN_ACQUIRE = true;
+        HRESULT hr = wrapped_device->GetSwapChain(1, &SUB_SWAP_CHAIN);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning(
+                "graphics::d3d9",
+                "failed to acquire sub screeen swap chain! hr={}",
+                FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (SUB_SWAP_CHAIN != nullptr) {
+        wintouchemu::update();
+
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED || SUBSCREEN_FORCE_REDRAW) {
+            SUB_SWAP_CHAIN->Present(nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void save_capture(
+        int screen,
+        D3DFORMAT format,
+        UINT width,
+        UINT height,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *surface) {
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    // lock surface to be able to access the data
+    D3DLOCKED_RECT finished_copy {};
+    hr = surface->LockRect(&finished_copy, nullptr, 0);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to lock screenshot surface, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        graphics_capture_skip(screen);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // copy pixel data
+    size_t pitch = finished_copy.Pitch;
+    auto data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(finished_copy.pBits);
+    auto pixels = new uint8_t[width * height * 3];
+    for (size_t row = 0; row < height; row++) {
+        size_t offset_pixels = 0;
+        size_t offset_row = row * width * 3;
+        switch (format) {
+            case D3DFMT_R8G8B8: {
+                for (size_t offset = 0; offset < pitch; offset += 3) {
+                    auto cell = data + row * pitch + offset;
+                    auto pixel = &pixels[offset_row + offset_pixels];
+                    pixel[0] = cell[0];
+                    pixel[1] = cell[1];
+                    pixel[2] = cell[2];
+                    offset_pixels += 3;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case D3DFMT_X8R8G8B8:
+            case D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8: {
+                for (size_t offset = 0; offset < pitch; offset += 4) {
+                    auto cell = data + row * pitch + offset;
+                    auto pixel = &pixels[offset_row + offset_pixels];
+                    pixel[0] = cell[2];
+                    pixel[1] = cell[1];
+                    pixel[2] = cell[0];
+                    offset_pixels += 3;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case D3DFMT_X8B8G8R8:
+            case D3DFMT_A8B8G8R8: {
+                for (size_t offset = 0; offset < pitch; offset += 4) {
+                    auto cell = data + row * pitch + offset;
+                    auto pixel = &pixels[offset_row + offset_pixels];
+                    pixel[0] = cell[0];
+                    pixel[1] = cell[1];
+                    pixel[2] = cell[2];
+                    offset_pixels += 3;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default: {
+                for (size_t offset = 0; offset < width; offset++) {
+                    auto pixel = &pixels[offset_row + offset_pixels];
+                    pixel[0] = 0;
+                    pixel[1] = 0;
+                    pixel[2] = 0;
+                    offset_pixels += 3;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // unlock surface
+    hr = surface->UnlockRect();
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to unlock screenshot surface, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        graphics_capture_skip(screen);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // enqueue
+    graphics_capture_enqueue(screen, pixels, width, height);
+}
+
+static void save_screenshot(const std::string &file_path, UINT height, IDirect3DSurface9 *surface) {
+    HRESULT hr;
+
+    D3DLOCKED_RECT finished_copy {};
+    hr = surface->LockRect(&finished_copy, nullptr, 0);
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to lock screenshot surface, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set alpha channel to 255
+    {
+        auto pitch = finished_copy.Pitch;
+        auto data = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(finished_copy.pBits);
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < height; i++) {
+            for (int j = 3; j < pitch; j += 4) {
+                data[i * pitch + j] = 255;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    hr = surface->UnlockRect();
+    if (FAILED(hr)) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to unlock screenshot surface, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // lazy load function
+    static D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_t D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr = nullptr;
+    if (D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr == nullptr) {
+        D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr = libutils::try_proc<D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_t>("D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA");
+
+        // check if function was not found, likely because d3dx9 is not loaded
+        if (!ATTEMPTED_D3DX9_LOAD_LIBRARY && D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr == nullptr) {
+            ATTEMPTED_D3DX9_LOAD_LIBRARY = true;
+
+            for (size_t i = 43; i >= 24; i--) {
+                auto lib_name = fmt::format("d3dx9_{}.dll", i);
+                auto d3dx9 = libutils::try_library(lib_name);
+
+                // Check if library was not found
+                if (d3dx9 == nullptr) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr = libutils::try_proc<D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_t>(
+                        d3dx9, "D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA");
+
+                // Check if function was not found
+                if (D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr == nullptr) {
+                    FreeLibrary(d3dx9);
+                    d3dx9 = nullptr;
+
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                log_info("graphics::d3d9", "found surface save function in '{}'", lib_name);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr != nullptr) {
+
+        // save to file
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9", "saving screenshot to {}", file_path);
+        auto hr = D3DXSaveSurfaceToFileA_ptr(file_path.c_str(), D3DXIFF_PNG, surface, nullptr, nullptr);
+
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "Failed to save screenshot");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // save to clipboard
+        clipboard::copy_image(file_path);
+    } else {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "Direct3D save helper function not available");
+    }
+}
+
+void graphics_d3d9_on_present(
+        HWND hFocusWindow,
+        IDirect3DDevice9 *device,
+        IDirect3DDevice9 *wrapped_device) {
+
+    // Do overlay init as many d3d9 hooks create a dummy instance to get vtable offsets and never
+    // call `Present`. This avoids race conditions on `IDirect3D9::CreateDevice` like with
+    // `dx9osd.dll` for pfreepanic.
+    if (!overlay::OVERLAY) {
+        IDirect3D9 *d3d = nullptr;
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(device->GetDirect3D(&d3d)) && d3d != nullptr) {
+            overlay::create_d3d9(hFocusWindow, d3d, device);
+            d3d->Release();
+        }
+    } else if (overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(device) && SUCCEEDED(device->BeginScene())) {
+
+        // render overlay
+        overlay::OVERLAY->update();
+        overlay::OVERLAY->new_frame();
+        overlay::OVERLAY->render();
+        device->EndScene();
+    }
+
+    // for IIDX TDJ / SDVX UFC, handle subscreen
+    const bool is_vm = 
+        avs::game::is_model("KFC") &&
+        (avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'G' || avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'H');
+    const bool is_tdj = avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && games::iidx::TDJ_MODE;
+    if (is_vm || is_tdj) {
+        graphics_d3d9_ldj_on_present(wrapped_device);
+    }
+
+    // check screenshot key
+    static bool trigger_last = false;
+    auto buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+    if (buttons && (!overlay::OVERLAY || overlay::OVERLAY->hotkeys_triggered()) &&
+            GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::Screenshot)))
+    {
+        if (!trigger_last) {
+            graphics_screenshot_trigger();
+        }
+        trigger_last = true;
+    } else {
+        trigger_last = false;
+    }
+
+    // process pending screenshot
+    bool screenshot = false;
+    bool capture = false;
+    int capture_screen = 0;
+    if ((screenshot = graphics_screenshot_consume())
+    || ((capture = graphics_capture_consume(&capture_screen)))) {
+        HRESULT hr = S_OK;
+
+        // TODO: verify capture_screen is a valid swapchain
+
+        // get back buffer
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *buffer = nullptr;
+        if (SUB_SWAP_CHAIN != nullptr && capture_screen & 1) {
+            hr = SUB_SWAP_CHAIN->GetBackBuffer(0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &buffer);
+        } else {
+            hr = device->GetBackBuffer(capture_screen, 0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &buffer);
+        }
+        if (FAILED(hr) || buffer == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                    "failed to get back buffer, hr={}",
+                    FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        D3DSURFACE_DESC desc {};
+        hr = buffer->GetDesc(&desc);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                    "failed to acquire back buffer descriptor, hr={}",
+                    FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            buffer->Release();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // TODO: cache render targets
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *temp_surface = nullptr;
+        hr = device->CreateRenderTarget(
+                desc.Width, desc.Height, desc.Format, desc.MultiSampleType,
+                desc.MultiSampleQuality, TRUE, &temp_surface, nullptr);
+        if (FAILED(hr) || temp_surface == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                    "failed to acquire temporary surface, hr={}",
+                    FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            buffer->Release();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        hr = device->StretchRect(buffer, nullptr, temp_surface, nullptr, D3DTEXF_NONE);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                    "failed to copy back buffer contents, hr={}",
+                    FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            temp_surface->Release();
+            buffer->Release();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // release original back buffer reference
+        buffer->Release();
+
+        // function for storing the surface
+        auto surface_process = [=]() {
+
+            // capture
+            if (capture) {
+                save_capture(capture_screen, desc.Format, desc.Width, desc.Height, temp_surface);
+            }
+
+            // screenshot
+            if (screenshot) {
+
+                // check where we can save it
+                auto file_path = graphics_screenshot_genpath();
+                if (!file_path.empty()) {
+
+                    // write to file
+                    save_screenshot(file_path, desc.Height, temp_surface);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // release surface
+            temp_surface->Release();
+        };
+
+        // list of games that crash when running the screenshot processor on another thread
+        static const robin_hood::unordered_set<std::string> THREAD_BAN {
+                "JMA",
+#ifndef SPICE64
+                "KFC",
+#endif
+                "KMA",
+                "KLP",
+                "LMA",
+        };
+
+        // run the save operation on another thread for supported games
+        if (THREAD_BAN.contains(avs::game::MODEL)) {
+            surface_process();
+        } else {
+            static auto pool = ThreadPool(2);
+            pool.add(surface_process);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9f957e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+// {EEE9CCF6-53D6-4326-9AE5-60921B3DB394}
+static const GUID IID_WrappedIDirect3D9 = {
+    0xeee9ccf6, 0x53d6, 0x4326, { 0x9a, 0xe5, 0x60, 0x92, 0x1b, 0x3d, 0xb3, 0x94 }
+};
+
+void graphics_d3d9_init();
+void graphics_d3d9_on_present(
+    HWND hFocusWindow,
+    IDirect3DDevice9 *device,
+    IDirect3DDevice9 *wrapped_device);
+
+IDirect3DSurface9 *graphics_d3d9_ldj_get_sub_screen();
+
+struct WrappedIDirect3D9 : IDirect3D9Ex {
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3D9(IDirect3D9 *orig) : pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false) {}
+
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3D9(IDirect3D9Ex *orig) : pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true) {}
+
+    WrappedIDirect3D9(const WrappedIDirect3D9 &) = delete;
+    WrappedIDirect3D9 &operator=(const WrappedIDirect3D9 &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3D9() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3D9
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RegisterSoftwareDevice(void *pInitializeFunction) override;
+    virtual UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterCount() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterIdentifier(UINT Adapter, DWORD Flags, D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9 *pIdentifier) override;
+    virtual UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterModeCount(UINT Adapter, D3DFORMAT Format) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumAdapterModes(UINT Adapter, D3DFORMAT Format, UINT Mode, D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterDisplayMode(UINT Adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CheckDeviceType(UINT iAdapter, D3DDEVTYPE DevType, D3DFORMAT DisplayFormat, D3DFORMAT BackBufferFormat, BOOL bWindowed) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CheckDeviceFormat(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat, DWORD Usage, D3DRESOURCETYPE RType, D3DFORMAT CheckFormat) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CheckDeviceMultiSampleType(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, D3DFORMAT SurfaceFormat, BOOL Windowed, D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSampleType, DWORD *pQualityLevels) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CheckDepthStencilMatch(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, D3DFORMAT AdapterFormat, D3DFORMAT RenderTargetFormat, D3DFORMAT DepthStencilFormat) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CheckDeviceFormatConversion(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, D3DFORMAT SourceFormat, D3DFORMAT TargetFormat) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceCaps(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, D3DCAPS9 *pCaps) override;
+    virtual HMONITOR STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterMonitor(UINT Adapter) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateDevice(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, HWND hFocusWindow, DWORD BehaviorFlags, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters, IDirect3DDevice9 **ppReturnedDeviceInterface) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3D9Ex
+    virtual UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterModeCountEx(UINT Adapter, const D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER *pFilter) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumAdapterModesEx(UINT Adapter, const D3DDISPLAYMODEFILTER *pFilter, UINT Mode, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterDisplayModeEx(UINT Adapter, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode, D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateDeviceEx(UINT Adapter, D3DDEVTYPE DeviceType, HWND hFocusWindow, DWORD BehaviorFlags, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pFullscreenDisplayMode, IDirect3DDevice9Ex **ppReturnedDeviceInterface) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAdapterLUID(UINT Adapter, LUID *pLUID) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+private:
+    IDirect3D9 *pReal;
+    bool is_d3d9ex = false;
+
+    //bool attempted_sub_swap_chain_acquire = false;
+    //IDirect3DSwapChain9 *sub_swap_chain = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.cpp b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..043455d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1691 @@
+#include "d3d9_device.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "util/flags_helper.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+
+#include "d3d9_backend.h"
+#include "d3d9_texture.h"
+
+#ifndef SPICE64
+#include "shaders/vertex_shader.h"
+#endif
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT_FMT(x, fmt, ...) \
+    HRESULT __ret = (x); \
+    if (GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT && FAILED(__ret)) [[unlikely]] { \
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "{} failed, hr={} " fmt, __FUNCTION__, FMT_HRESULT(__ret), ## __VA_ARGS__); \
+    } \
+    return __ret
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT(x) \
+    HRESULT __ret = (x); \
+    if (GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT && FAILED(__ret)) [[unlikely]] { \
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "{} failed, hr={}", __FUNCTION__, FMT_HRESULT(__ret)); \
+    } \
+    return __ret
+
+// TODO: At some point, support a manual `Reset` call by reloading all textures
+constexpr bool CUSTOM_RESET = false;
+
+constexpr D3DFORMAT D3DFMT_DF24 = static_cast<D3DFORMAT>(MAKEFOURCC('D', 'F', '2', '4'));
+
+std::string usage2s(DWORD dwUsage) {
+    FLAGS_START(dwUsage);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_RENDERTARGET);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_DEPTHSTENCIL);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_SOFTWAREPROCESSING);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_DONOTCLIP);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_POINTS);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_RTPATCHES);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_NPATCHES);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_AUTOGENMIPMAP);
+    FLAG(dwUsage, D3DUSAGE_DMAP);
+    FLAGS_END(dwUsage);
+}
+
+std::string pool2s(D3DPOOL Pool) {
+    switch (Pool) {
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DPOOL_DEFAULT);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DPOOL_MANAGED);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DPOOL_SYSTEMMEM);
+        ENUM_VARIANT(D3DPOOL_SCRATCH);
+        default:
+            return fmt::format("Pool(0x{:08x})", Pool);
+    }
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::QueryInterface(
+        REFIID riid,
+        void **ppvObj)
+{
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DDevice9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DDevice9Ex)
+    {
+        // update to IDirect3DDevice9Ex interface
+        if (!is_d3d9ex && riid == IID_IDirect3DDevice9Ex) {
+            IDirect3DDevice9Ex *deviceex = nullptr;
+
+            HRESULT ret = pReal->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&deviceex));
+            if (FAILED(ret) || deviceex == nullptr) {
+                if (ret != E_NOINTERFACE) {
+                    log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                            "failed to upgrade to IDirect3DDevice9Ex, hr={}",
+                            FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+                }
+                return E_NOINTERFACE;
+            }
+
+            pReal->Release();
+            pReal = deviceex;
+            is_d3d9ex = true;
+        }
+
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::AddRef() {
+    this->refs++;
+
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::Release() {
+
+    // get what this thread thinks the reference count is
+    auto local_refs = --this->refs;
+
+    // release owned objects if there are no more references
+    if (local_refs == 0) {
+        if (this->main_swapchain) {
+            this->main_swapchain->Release();
+            this->main_swapchain = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (this->sub_swapchain) {
+            this->sub_swapchain->Release();
+            this->sub_swapchain = nullptr;
+        }
+        if (this->fake_sub_swapchain) {
+            this->fake_sub_swapchain->Release();
+            this->fake_sub_swapchain = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (overlay::ENABLED) {
+            const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(overlay::OVERLAY_MUTEX);
+
+            // release overlay if we are the backing device which will release its owned references
+            if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(this->pReal)) {
+                overlay::OVERLAY.reset();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // get reference count of underlying interface
+    ULONG refs = this->pReal != nullptr ? this->pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    // the reference counts should be equivalent at this point, so log if they are not
+    if (local_refs == 0 && refs != 0) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                "reference count for `IDirect3DDevice9` object {} wrapping {} "
+                "is inconsistent: {}, but expected 0",
+                fmt::ptr(this),
+                fmt::ptr(this->pReal),
+                refs);
+
+        refs = 0;
+    }
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IDirect3DDevice9
+ */
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::TestCooperativeLevel() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->TestCooperativeLevel());
+}
+
+UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetAvailableTextureMem() {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    return pReal->GetAvailableTextureMem();
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::EvictManagedResources() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->EvictManagedResources());
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDirect3D(
+        IDirect3D9 **ppD3D9)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDirect3D(ppD3D9));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDeviceCaps(
+        D3DCAPS9 *pCaps)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDeviceCaps(pCaps));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayMode(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDisplayMode(iSwapChain, pMode));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetCreationParameters(
+        D3DDEVICE_CREATION_PARAMETERS *pParameters)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetCreationParameters(pParameters));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetCursorProperties(
+        UINT XHotSpot,
+        UINT YHotSpot,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pCursorBitmap)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetCursorProperties(XHotSpot, YHotSpot, pCursorBitmap));
+}
+
+void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetCursorPosition(
+        int X,
+        int Y,
+        DWORD Flags)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    return pReal->SetCursorPosition(X, Y, Flags);
+}
+
+BOOL STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ShowCursor(
+        BOOL bShow)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    return pReal->ShowCursor(bShow);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateAdditionalSwapChain(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters,
+        IDirect3DSwapChain9 **ppSwapChain)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    HRESULT hr = pReal->CreateAdditionalSwapChain(pPresentationParameters, ppSwapChain);
+
+    if (avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC"})) {
+        if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && !sub_swapchain) {
+            sub_swapchain = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(this, *ppSwapChain);
+            sub_swapchain->should_run_hooks = false;
+        } else if (FAILED(hr) && !fake_sub_swapchain) {
+            log_warning("graphics::d3d9",
+                    "failed to create sub swap chain, hr={}, using fake swap chain",
+                    FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+
+            fake_sub_swapchain = new FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(this, pPresentationParameters, false);
+            fake_sub_swapchain->AddRef();
+            *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(fake_sub_swapchain);
+
+            return D3D_OK;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(hr);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSwapChain(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        IDirect3DSwapChain9 **ppSwapChain)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("GetSwapChain({})", iSwapChain);
+
+    if (iSwapChain == 0) {
+        if (!main_swapchain) {
+            HRESULT ret = pReal->GetSwapChain(iSwapChain, ppSwapChain);
+            if (FAILED(ret)) {
+                log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to get swapchain {}, hr={}",
+                        iSwapChain, FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+                return ret;
+            }
+
+            main_swapchain = new WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(this, *ppSwapChain);
+        }
+
+        main_swapchain->AddRef();
+        *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(main_swapchain);
+
+        graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+        return D3D_OK;
+    }
+
+    if (iSwapChain == 1 && avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC"})) {
+        if (sub_swapchain) {
+            sub_swapchain->AddRef();
+            *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(sub_swapchain);
+
+            graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+            return D3D_OK;
+        } else if (fake_sub_swapchain) {
+            fake_sub_swapchain->AddRef();
+            *ppSwapChain = static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9 *>(fake_sub_swapchain);
+
+            graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+            return D3D_OK;
+        }
+    }
+
+    HRESULT ret = pReal->GetSwapChain(iSwapChain, ppSwapChain);
+    if (GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT && FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "{} failed, hr={}", __FUNCTION__, FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    } else {
+        graphics_screens_register(iSwapChain);
+    }
+    return ret;
+}
+
+UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetNumberOfSwapChains() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    UINT n = pReal->GetNumberOfSwapChains();
+
+    if (sub_swapchain && avs::game::is_model({"LDJ", "KFC"})) {
+        n += 1;
+    }
+
+    return n;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::Reset(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters)
+{
+    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::Reset");
+
+    if (pPresentationParameters) {
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+            pPresentationParameters->Windowed = true;
+            pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
+        } else if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0) {
+            pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // reset overlay
+    if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal)) {
+        overlay::OVERLAY->reset_invalidate();
+    }
+
+    HRESULT res = pReal->Reset(pPresentationParameters);
+
+    // recreate overlay
+    if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal) && SUCCEEDED(res)) {
+        overlay::OVERLAY->reset_recreate();
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(res);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::Present(
+        const RECT *pSourceRect,
+        const RECT *pDestRect,
+        HWND hDestWindowOverride,
+        const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::Present");
+    });
+
+    graphics_d3d9_on_present(hFocusWindow, pReal, this);
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->Present(pSourceRect, pDestRect, hDestWindowOverride, pDirtyRegion));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetBackBuffer(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        UINT iBackBuffer,
+        D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE Type,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetBackBuffer(iSwapChain, iBackBuffer, Type, ppBackBuffer));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetRasterStatus(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRasterStatus(iSwapChain, pRasterStatus));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetDialogBoxMode(
+        BOOL bEnableDialogs)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetDialogBoxMode(bEnableDialogs));
+}
+
+void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetGammaRamp(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        DWORD Flags,
+        const D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    pReal->SetGammaRamp(iSwapChain, Flags, pRamp);
+}
+
+void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetGammaRamp(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    pReal->GetGammaRamp(iSwapChain, pRamp);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateTexture(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        UINT Levels,
+        DWORD Usage,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DPOOL Pool,
+        IDirect3DTexture9 **ppTexture,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateTexture({}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            Width, Height, Levels, usage2s(Usage), Format, pool2s(Pool));
+
+    // fix nvidia proprietary depthstencil texture format
+    if (avs::game::is_model("I36") && (Usage & D3DUSAGE_DEPTHSTENCIL) && Format == D3DFMT_DF24) {
+        HRESULT ret = pReal->CreateTexture(Width, Height, Levels,
+                Usage, Format, Pool, ppTexture, pSharedHandle);
+
+        if (FAILED(ret)) {
+            Format = D3DFMT_D24S8;
+        } else {
+            return ret;
+        }
+    }
+
+#ifndef SPICE64
+    // texture fix for iidx (iix18 resort anthem, iidx19 lincle)
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "JDZ", "KDZ" })) {
+
+        // patch texture format type from 15-bit+alpha to 32-bit.
+        if (Width == 256 && Height == 256 && Levels == 1 && Usage == D3DUSAGE_RENDERTARGET
+        && Format == D3DFMT_A1R5G5B5 && Pool == D3DPOOL_DEFAULT && !pSharedHandle) {
+            Format = D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    HRESULT res = pReal->CreateTexture(Width, Height, Levels,
+            Usage, Format, Pool, ppTexture, pSharedHandle);
+
+    if (CUSTOM_RESET && ppTexture && Pool == D3DPOOL_MANAGED && SUCCEEDED(res)) {
+        *ppTexture = new WrappedIDirect3DTexture9(this, *ppTexture);
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT_FMT(res, "({}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            Width, Height, Levels, usage2s(Usage), Format, pool2s(Pool));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateVolumeTexture(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        UINT Depth,
+        UINT Levels,
+        DWORD Usage,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DPOOL Pool,
+        IDirect3DVolumeTexture9 **ppVolumeTexture,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateVolumeTexture({}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            Width, Height, Depth, Levels, usage2s(Usage), Format, pool2s(Pool));
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateVolumeTexture(Width, Height, Depth, Levels,
+            Usage, Format, Pool, ppVolumeTexture, pSharedHandle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateCubeTexture(
+        UINT EdgeLength,
+        UINT Levels,
+        DWORD Usage,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DPOOL Pool,
+        IDirect3DCubeTexture9 **ppCubeTexture,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateCubeTexture({}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            EdgeLength, Levels, usage2s(Usage), Format, pool2s(Pool));
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateCubeTexture(
+            EdgeLength, Levels, Usage, Format, Pool, ppCubeTexture, pSharedHandle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexBuffer(
+        UINT Length,
+        DWORD Usage,
+        DWORD FVF,
+        D3DPOOL Pool,
+        IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 **ppVertexBuffer,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateVertexBuffer({}, {}, {}, {})", Length, usage2s(Usage), FVF, pool2s(Pool));
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateVertexBuffer(Length, Usage, FVF, Pool, ppVertexBuffer, pSharedHandle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateIndexBuffer(
+        UINT Length,
+        DWORD Usage,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DPOOL Pool,
+        IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 **ppIndexBuffer,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateIndexBuffer({}, {}, {}, {})", Length, usage2s(Usage), Format, pool2s(Pool));
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateIndexBuffer(Length, Usage, Format, Pool, ppIndexBuffer, pSharedHandle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateRenderTarget(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample,
+        DWORD MultisampleQuality,
+        BOOL Lockable,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateRenderTarget({}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            Width, Height, Format, MultiSample, MultisampleQuality, Lockable);
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateRenderTarget(Width, Height, Format,
+            MultiSample, MultisampleQuality, Lockable, ppSurface, pSharedHandle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateDepthStencilSurface(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample,
+        DWORD MultisampleQuality,
+        BOOL Discard,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateDepthStencilSurface(Width, Height, Format,
+            MultiSample, MultisampleQuality, Discard, ppSurface, pSharedHandle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::UpdateSurface(
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pSourceSurface,
+        const RECT *pSourceRect,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestinationSurface,
+        const POINT *pDestPoint)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->UpdateSurface(pSourceSurface, pSourceRect, pDestinationSurface, pDestPoint));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::UpdateTexture(
+        IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *pSourceTexture,
+        IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *pDestinationTexture)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (CUSTOM_RESET) {
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+
+        // Do a pointer compare rather than `QueryInterface` because it is a lot cheaper than incrementing
+        // the reference count
+        if (pSourceTexture && (&pSourceTexture->QueryInterface) == WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::QueryInterface) {
+            pSourceTexture = static_cast<WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 *>(pSourceTexture)->pReal;
+        }
+        if (pDestinationTexture &&
+                (&pDestinationTexture->QueryInterface) == WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::QueryInterface)
+        {
+            pDestinationTexture = static_cast<WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 *>(pDestinationTexture)->pReal;
+        }
+#else
+        void *dummy = nullptr;
+
+        if (pSourceTexture && SUCCEEDED(pSourceTexture->QueryInterface(
+                IID_WrappedIDirect3DTexture9, &dummy)))
+        {
+            pSourceTexture = static_cast<WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 *>(pSourceTexture)->pReal;
+        }
+        if (pDestinationTexture && SUCCEEDED(pDestinationTexture->QueryInterface(
+                IID_WrappedIDirect3DTexture9, &dummy)))
+        {
+            pDestinationTexture = static_cast<WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 *>(pDestinationTexture)->pReal;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->UpdateTexture(pSourceTexture, pDestinationTexture));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTargetData(
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pRenderTarget,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRenderTargetData(pRenderTarget, pDestSurface));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetFrontBufferData(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(iSwapChain, pDestSurface));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::StretchRect(
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pSourceSurface,
+        const RECT *pSourceRect,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface,
+        const RECT *pDestRect,
+        D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE Filter)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->StretchRect(pSourceSurface, pSourceRect, pDestSurface, pDestRect, Filter));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ColorFill(
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pSurface,
+        const RECT *pRect,
+        D3DCOLOR color)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->ColorFill(pSurface, pRect, color));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DPOOL Pool,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateOffscreenPlainSurface({}, {}, {}, {})",
+            Width, Height, Format, pool2s(Pool));
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(
+            Width, Height, Format, Pool, ppSurface, pSharedHandle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetRenderTarget(
+        DWORD RenderTargetIndex,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pRenderTarget)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetRenderTarget(RenderTargetIndex, pRenderTarget));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderTarget(
+        DWORD RenderTargetIndex,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppRenderTarget)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    return pReal->GetRenderTarget(RenderTargetIndex, ppRenderTarget);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetDepthStencilSurface(
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pNewZStencil)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetDepthStencilSurface(pNewZStencil));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDepthStencilSurface(
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppZStencilSurface)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDepthStencilSurface(ppZStencilSurface));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::BeginScene() {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::BeginScene");
+    });
+
+    return pReal->BeginScene();
+}
+
+static IDirect3DSurface9 *topSurface = nullptr;
+static IDirect3DSurface9 *backbuffer = nullptr;
+static LPDIRECT3DSWAPCHAIN9 mSwapChain = nullptr;
+static IDirect3DTexture9* tex;
+
+void SurfaceHook(IDirect3DDevice9 *pReal) {
+    // log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "SurfaceHook called");
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS param {};
+
+    pReal->GetSwapChain(0, &mSwapChain);
+    mSwapChain->GetPresentParameters(&param);
+    if (!topSurface) {
+        if (pReal->CreateTexture(4096, 4096, 1,
+            D3DUSAGE_RENDERTARGET, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8,
+            D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &tex, NULL) != D3D_OK) {
+            log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "create texture failed");
+
+        }
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "Backbuffer: {} {} {}",
+                param.BackBufferWidth, param.BackBufferHeight, param.BackBufferCount);
+        tex->GetSurfaceLevel(0, &topSurface);
+
+        if (mSwapChain->GetBackBuffer(0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &backbuffer) != D3D_OK) {
+            log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "GetBackBuffer failed");
+        }
+    }
+
+    const int rectLeft = 1024;
+    const int rectTop = 576;
+    const int w = param.BackBufferWidth;
+    const int h = param.BackBufferHeight;
+    D3DLOCKED_RECT rect;
+
+    RECT targetRect {
+        rectLeft,
+        rectTop,
+        (LONG)(rectLeft + w),
+        (LONG)(rectTop + h),
+    };
+
+    // stretch to add top/left offset to avoid going negative
+    topSurface->LockRect(&rect, NULL, D3DLOCK_DONOTWAIT);
+    auto hr = pReal->StretchRect(
+        backbuffer, nullptr,
+        topSurface, &targetRect,
+        D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
+
+    if (hr != D3D_OK) {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "StretchRect backbuffer failed");
+    }
+    topSurface->UnlockRect();
+
+    // do the actual zoom / offset math
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->centered) {
+        targetRect.right = (w + rectLeft) / cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_x;
+        targetRect.bottom = (h + rectTop) / cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_y;
+        const LONG deltaH = ((targetRect.bottom - targetRect.top) - h) / 2;
+        const LONG deltaW = ((targetRect.right - targetRect.left) - w) / 2;
+        targetRect.top -= deltaH;
+        targetRect.bottom -= deltaH;
+        targetRect.left -= deltaW;
+        targetRect.right -= deltaW;
+    } else {
+        targetRect.left -= cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_x;
+        targetRect.top += cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_y;
+        targetRect.right = -cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_x;
+        targetRect.right += (w + rectLeft) / cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_x;
+        targetRect.bottom = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_y;
+        targetRect.bottom += (h + rectTop) / cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_y;
+    }
+
+    // draw to back buffer
+    backbuffer->LockRect(&rect, NULL, D3DLOCK_DONOTWAIT);
+    hr = pReal->StretchRect(
+        topSurface, &targetRect,
+        backbuffer, nullptr,
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_linear_filter ? D3DTEXF_LINEAR : D3DTEXF_NONE);
+    backbuffer->UnlockRect();
+    if (hr != D3D_OK) {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "StretchRect targetRect failed");
+    }
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::EndScene() {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_screen_resize) {
+        SurfaceHook(pReal);
+    }
+
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::EndScene");
+    });
+
+    return pReal->EndScene();
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::Clear(
+        DWORD Count,
+        const D3DRECT *pRects,
+        DWORD Flags,
+        D3DCOLOR Color,
+        float Z,
+        DWORD Stencil)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->Clear(Count, pRects, Flags, Color, Z, Stencil));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetTransform(
+        D3DTRANSFORMSTATETYPE State,
+        const D3DMATRIX *pMatrix)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetTransform(State, pMatrix));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetTransform(
+        D3DTRANSFORMSTATETYPE State,
+        D3DMATRIX *pMatrix)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetTransform(State, pMatrix));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::MultiplyTransform(
+        D3DTRANSFORMSTATETYPE State,
+        const D3DMATRIX *pMatrix)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->MultiplyTransform(State, pMatrix));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetViewport(
+        const D3DVIEWPORT9 *pViewport)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+#ifndef SPICE64
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "JDZ", "KDZ", "K39", "L39", "LBR" })) {
+        // Set vertex shader constant to half pixel viewport offset
+        const float ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset[2] = {-1.0F / (float)pViewport->Width, 1.0F / (float)pViewport->Height};
+        HRESULT ret = pReal->SetVertexShaderConstantF(63, ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset, sizeof(ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset) / sizeof(ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset[0]));
+        CHECK_RESULT(ret);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetViewport(pViewport));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetViewport(
+        D3DVIEWPORT9 *pViewport)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetViewport(pViewport));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetMaterial(
+        const D3DMATERIAL9 *pMaterial)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetMaterial(pMaterial));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetMaterial(
+        D3DMATERIAL9 *pMaterial)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetMaterial(pMaterial));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetLight(
+        DWORD Index,
+        const D3DLIGHT9 *pLight)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetLight(Index, pLight));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetLight(
+        DWORD Index,
+        D3DLIGHT9 *pLight)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetLight(Index, pLight));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::LightEnable(
+        DWORD Index,
+        BOOL Enable)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->LightEnable(Index, Enable));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetLightEnable(
+        DWORD Index,
+        BOOL *pEnable)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetLightEnable(Index, pEnable));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetClipPlane(
+        DWORD Index,
+        const float *pPlane)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetClipPlane(Index, pPlane));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetClipPlane(
+        DWORD Index,
+        float *pPlane)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetClipPlane(Index, pPlane));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetRenderState(
+        D3DRENDERSTATETYPE State,
+        DWORD Value)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetRenderState(State, Value));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetRenderState(
+        D3DRENDERSTATETYPE State,
+        DWORD *pValue)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRenderState(State, pValue));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateStateBlock(
+        D3DSTATEBLOCKTYPE Type,
+        IDirect3DStateBlock9 **ppSB)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateStateBlock(Type, ppSB));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::BeginStateBlock() {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    return pReal->BeginStateBlock();
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::EndStateBlock(
+        IDirect3DStateBlock9 **ppSB)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->EndStateBlock(ppSB));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetClipStatus(
+        const D3DCLIPSTATUS9 *pClipStatus)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetClipStatus(pClipStatus));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetClipStatus(
+        D3DCLIPSTATUS9 *pClipStatus)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetClipStatus(pClipStatus));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetTexture(
+        DWORD Stage,
+        IDirect3DBaseTexture9 **ppTexture)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetTexture(Stage, ppTexture));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetTexture(
+        DWORD Stage,
+        IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *pTexture)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("SetTexture({}, {})", Stage, fmt::ptr(pTexture));
+
+    if (CUSTOM_RESET) {
+        void *dummy = nullptr;
+
+        if (pTexture && SUCCEEDED(pTexture->QueryInterface(
+                IID_WrappedIDirect3DTexture9, &dummy)))
+        {
+            pTexture = static_cast<WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 *>(pTexture)->pReal;
+        }
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetTexture(Stage, pTexture));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetTextureStageState(
+        DWORD Stage,
+        D3DTEXTURESTAGESTATETYPE Type,
+        DWORD *pValue)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetTextureStageState(Stage, Type, pValue));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetTextureStageState(
+        DWORD Stage,
+        D3DTEXTURESTAGESTATETYPE Type,
+        DWORD Value)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetTextureStageState(Stage, Type, Value));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSamplerState(
+        DWORD Sampler,
+        D3DSAMPLERSTATETYPE Type,
+        DWORD *pValue)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetSamplerState(Sampler, Type, pValue));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetSamplerState(
+        DWORD Sampler,
+        D3DSAMPLERSTATETYPE Type,
+        DWORD Value)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetSamplerState(Sampler, Type, Value));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ValidateDevice(
+        DWORD *pNumPasses)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->ValidateDevice(pNumPasses));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetPaletteEntries(
+        UINT PaletteNumber,
+        const PALETTEENTRY *pEntries)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetPaletteEntries(PaletteNumber, pEntries));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetPaletteEntries(
+        UINT PaletteNumber,
+        PALETTEENTRY *pEntries)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetPaletteEntries(PaletteNumber, pEntries));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetCurrentTexturePalette(
+        UINT PaletteNumber)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetCurrentTexturePalette(PaletteNumber));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetCurrentTexturePalette(
+        UINT *PaletteNumber)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetCurrentTexturePalette(PaletteNumber));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetScissorRect(
+        const RECT *pRect)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetScissorRect(pRect));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetScissorRect(
+        RECT *pRect)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetScissorRect(pRect));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetSoftwareVertexProcessing(
+        BOOL bSoftware)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetSoftwareVertexProcessing(bSoftware));
+}
+
+BOOL STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetSoftwareVertexProcessing() {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    return pReal->GetSoftwareVertexProcessing();
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetNPatchMode(float nSegments) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetNPatchMode(nSegments));
+}
+
+float STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetNPatchMode() {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    return pReal->GetNPatchMode();
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitive(
+        D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType,
+        UINT StartVertex,
+        UINT PrimitiveCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->DrawPrimitive(PrimitiveType, StartVertex, PrimitiveCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::DrawIndexedPrimitive(
+        D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType,
+        INT BaseVertexIndex,
+        UINT MinVertexIndex,
+        UINT NumVertices,
+        UINT StartIndex,
+        UINT PrimitiveCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->DrawIndexedPrimitive(
+            PrimitiveType, BaseVertexIndex,
+            MinVertexIndex, NumVertices,
+            StartIndex, PrimitiveCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::DrawPrimitiveUP(
+        D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType,
+        UINT PrimitiveCount,
+        const void *pVertexStreamZeroData,
+        UINT VertexStreamZeroStride)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("DrawPrimitiveUP({}, {}, {}, {})",
+            PrimitiveType, PrimitiveCount,
+            fmt::ptr(pVertexStreamZeroData), VertexStreamZeroStride);
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->DrawPrimitiveUP(
+            PrimitiveType, PrimitiveCount,
+            pVertexStreamZeroData, VertexStreamZeroStride));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::DrawIndexedPrimitiveUP(
+        D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType,
+        UINT MinVertexIndex,
+        UINT NumVertices,
+        UINT PrimitiveCount,
+        const void *pIndexData,
+        D3DFORMAT IndexDataFormat,
+        const void *pVertexStreamZeroData,
+        UINT VertexStreamZeroStride)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->DrawIndexedPrimitiveUP(
+            PrimitiveType, MinVertexIndex, NumVertices, PrimitiveCount, pIndexData,
+            IndexDataFormat, pVertexStreamZeroData, VertexStreamZeroStride));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ProcessVertices(
+        UINT SrcStartIndex,
+        UINT DestIndex,
+        UINT VertexCount,
+        IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pDestBuffer,
+        IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 *pVertexDecl,
+        DWORD Flags)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->ProcessVertices(SrcStartIndex, DestIndex,
+            VertexCount, pDestBuffer, pVertexDecl, Flags));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexDeclaration(
+        const D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 *pVertexElements,
+        IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 **ppDecl)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateVertexDeclaration(pVertexElements, ppDecl));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetVertexDeclaration(
+        IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 *pDecl)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetVertexDeclaration(pDecl));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetVertexDeclaration(
+        IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 **ppDecl)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetVertexDeclaration(ppDecl));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetFVF(
+        DWORD FVF)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetFVF(FVF));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetFVF(
+        DWORD *pFVF)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFVF(pFVF));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateVertexShader(
+        const DWORD *pFunction,
+        IDirect3DVertexShader9 **ppShader)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreateVertexShader({})", fmt::ptr(pFunction));
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateVertexShader(pFunction, ppShader));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetVertexShader(
+        IDirect3DVertexShader9 *pShader)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("SetVertexShader({})", fmt::ptr(pShader));
+
+#ifndef SPICE64
+
+    // diagonal line fix
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "JDZ", "KDZ", "K39", "L39", "LBR" })) {
+        if (!vertex_shader) {
+            log_info("graphics::d3d9", "initializing and setting up vertex shaders");
+
+            // create and set up the vertex shader shim
+            HRESULT ret = pReal->CreateVertexShader((const DWORD *) g_vs11_vs_main, &vertex_shader);
+            if (FAILED(ret)) {
+                log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "CreateVertexShader failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+            }
+        }
+        if (pShader != nullptr) {
+            pShader = vertex_shader;
+        }
+    }
+#endif
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetVertexShader(pShader));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetVertexShader(
+        IDirect3DVertexShader9 **ppShader)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetVertexShader(ppShader));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetVertexShaderConstantF(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        const float *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4fCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetVertexShaderConstantF(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4fCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetVertexShaderConstantF(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        float *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4fCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetVertexShaderConstantF(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4fCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetVertexShaderConstantI(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        const int *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4iCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetVertexShaderConstantI(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4iCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetVertexShaderConstantI(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        int *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4iCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetVertexShaderConstantI(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4iCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetVertexShaderConstantB(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        const BOOL *pConstantData,
+        UINT BoolCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetVertexShaderConstantB(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, BoolCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetVertexShaderConstantB(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        BOOL *pConstantData,
+        UINT BoolCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetVertexShaderConstantB(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, BoolCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSource(
+        UINT StreamNumber,
+        IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pStreamData,
+        UINT OffsetInBytes,
+        UINT Stride)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetStreamSource(
+            StreamNumber, pStreamData, OffsetInBytes, Stride));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetStreamSource(
+        UINT StreamNumber,
+        IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 **ppStreamData,
+        UINT *OffsetInBytes,
+        UINT *pStride)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetStreamSource(
+            StreamNumber, ppStreamData, OffsetInBytes, pStride));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetStreamSourceFreq(
+        UINT StreamNumber,
+        UINT Divider)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    return pReal->SetStreamSourceFreq(StreamNumber, Divider);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetStreamSourceFreq(
+        UINT StreamNumber,
+        UINT *Divider)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetStreamSourceFreq(StreamNumber, Divider));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetIndices(
+        IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 *pIndexData)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetIndices(pIndexData));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetIndices(
+        IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 **ppIndexData)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetIndices(ppIndexData));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreatePixelShader(
+        const DWORD *pFunction,
+        IDirect3DPixelShader9 **ppShader)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT("CreatePixelShader({})", fmt::ptr(pFunction));
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreatePixelShader(pFunction, ppShader));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetPixelShader(
+        IDirect3DPixelShader9 *pShader)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("SetPixelShader({})", fmt::ptr(pShader));
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetPixelShader(pShader));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetPixelShader(
+        IDirect3DPixelShader9 **ppShader)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetPixelShader(ppShader));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetPixelShaderConstantF(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        const float *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4fCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetPixelShaderConstantF(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4fCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetPixelShaderConstantF(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        float *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4fCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetPixelShaderConstantF(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4fCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetPixelShaderConstantI(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        const int *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4iCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetPixelShaderConstantI(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4iCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetPixelShaderConstantI(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        int *pConstantData,
+        UINT Vector4iCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetPixelShaderConstantI(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, Vector4iCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetPixelShaderConstantB(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        const BOOL *pConstantData,
+        UINT BoolCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetPixelShaderConstantB(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, BoolCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetPixelShaderConstantB(
+        UINT StartRegister,
+        BOOL *pConstantData,
+        UINT BoolCount)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetPixelShaderConstantB(
+            StartRegister, pConstantData, BoolCount));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::DrawRectPatch(
+        UINT Handle,
+        const float *pNumSegs,
+        const D3DRECTPATCH_INFO *pRectPatchInfo)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->DrawRectPatch(Handle, pNumSegs, pRectPatchInfo));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::DrawTriPatch(
+        UINT Handle,
+        const float *pNumSegs,
+        const D3DTRIPATCH_INFO *pTriPatchInfo)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->DrawTriPatch(Handle, pNumSegs, pTriPatchInfo));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::DeletePatch(UINT Handle) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->DeletePatch(Handle));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateQuery(
+        D3DQUERYTYPE Type,
+        IDirect3DQuery9 **ppQuery)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->CreateQuery(Type, ppQuery));
+}
+
+/*
+ * IDirect3DDevice9Ex
+ */
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetConvolutionMonoKernel(
+        UINT width,
+        UINT height,
+        float *rows,
+        float *columns)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->SetConvolutionMonoKernel(
+            width, height, rows, columns));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ComposeRects(
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pSrc,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *pDst,
+        IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pSrcRectDescs,
+        UINT NumRects,
+        IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pDstRectDescs,
+        D3DCOMPOSERECTSOP Operation,
+        int Xoffset,
+        int Yoffset)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->ComposeRects(
+            pSrc, pDst, pSrcRectDescs, NumRects, pDstRectDescs,
+            Operation, Xoffset, Yoffset));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::PresentEx(
+        const RECT *pSourceRect,
+        const RECT *pDestRect,
+        HWND hDestWindowOverride,
+        const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::PresentEx");
+    });
+
+    graphics_d3d9_on_present(hFocusWindow, pReal, this);
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->PresentEx(
+            pSourceRect, pDestRect, hDestWindowOverride, pDirtyRegion, dwFlags));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetGPUThreadPriority(
+        INT *pPriority)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->GetGPUThreadPriority(pPriority));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetGPUThreadPriority(
+        INT Priority)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->SetGPUThreadPriority(Priority));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::WaitForVBlank(
+        UINT iSwapChain)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->WaitForVBlank(iSwapChain));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CheckResourceResidency(
+        IDirect3DResource9 **pResourceArray,
+        UINT32 NumResources)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->CheckResourceResidency(
+            pResourceArray, NumResources));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::SetMaximumFrameLatency(
+        UINT MaxLatency)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->SetMaximumFrameLatency(MaxLatency));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetMaximumFrameLatency(
+        UINT *pMaxLatency)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->GetMaximumFrameLatency(pMaxLatency));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CheckDeviceState(HWND hDestinationWindow) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->CheckDeviceState(hDestinationWindow));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateRenderTargetEx(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample,
+        DWORD MultisampleQuality,
+        BOOL Lockable,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle,
+        DWORD Usage)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->CreateRenderTargetEx(
+            Width, Height, Format, MultiSample,
+            MultisampleQuality, Lockable, ppSurface, pSharedHandle, Usage));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateOffscreenPlainSurfaceEx(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DPOOL Pool,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle,
+        DWORD Usage)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->CreateOffscreenPlainSurfaceEx(
+            Width, Height, Format, Pool, ppSurface, pSharedHandle, Usage));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::CreateDepthStencilSurfaceEx(
+        UINT Width,
+        UINT Height,
+        D3DFORMAT Format,
+        D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample,
+        DWORD MultisampleQuality,
+        BOOL Discard,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface,
+        HANDLE *pSharedHandle,
+        DWORD Usage)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->CreateDepthStencilSurfaceEx(
+            Width, Height, Format, MultiSample,
+            MultisampleQuality, Discard, ppSurface, pSharedHandle, Usage));
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pFullscreenDisplayMode)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+
+    log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::ResetEx");
+
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        if (pPresentationParameters) {
+            pPresentationParameters->Windowed = true;
+            pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = 0;
+        }
+
+        pFullscreenDisplayMode = nullptr;
+    } else if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0) {
+        if (pPresentationParameters) {
+            pPresentationParameters->FullScreen_RefreshRateInHz = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+        }
+        if (pFullscreenDisplayMode) {
+            pFullscreenDisplayMode->RefreshRate = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // reset overlay
+    if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal)) {
+        overlay::OVERLAY->reset_invalidate();
+    }
+
+    HRESULT res = static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->ResetEx(
+            pPresentationParameters, pFullscreenDisplayMode);
+
+    // recreate overlay
+    if (overlay::OVERLAY && overlay::OVERLAY->uses_device(pReal) && SUCCEEDED(res)) {
+        overlay::OVERLAY->reset_recreate();
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(res);
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DDevice9::GetDisplayModeEx(
+        UINT iSwapChain,
+        D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode,
+        D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
+{
+    WRAP_DEBUG;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DDevice9Ex *>(pReal)->GetDisplayModeEx(
+            iSwapChain, pMode, pRotation));
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.h b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e511e6d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "d3d9_fake_swapchain.h"
+#include "d3d9_swapchain.h"
+
+/*
+ * Logging Helpers
+ */
+
+#if 0
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "{}", __FUNCTION__)
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT(format, ...) log_misc("graphics::d3d9", format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE do {} while (0)
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT(format, ...) do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+#if 0
+#define WRAP_DEBUG log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "{}", __FUNCTION__)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) log_misc("graphics::d3d9", format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_DEBUG do {} while (0)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+// {6DEC0D40-1339-4BDA-A5F2-2231D4010FD1}
+static const GUID IID_WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 = {
+    0x6dec0d40, 0x1339, 0x4bda, { 0xa5, 0xf2, 0x22, 0x31, 0xd4, 0x1, 0xf, 0xd1 }
+};
+
+struct WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 : IDirect3DDevice9Ex {
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(HWND hFocusWindow, IDirect3DDevice9 *orig)
+        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false) {
+        IDirect3DDevice9Ex *device = nullptr;
+
+        // attempt to upgrade handle
+        if (SUCCEEDED(this->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&device))) && device != nullptr) {
+            device->Release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(HWND hFocusWindow, IDirect3DDevice9Ex *orig)
+        : hFocusWindow(hFocusWindow), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true) {}
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DDevice9(const WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &) = delete;
+    WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &operator=(const WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3DDevice9() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DDevice9
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE TestCooperativeLevel() override;
+    virtual UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAvailableTextureMem() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EvictManagedResources() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDirect3D(IDirect3D9 **ppD3D9) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceCaps(D3DCAPS9 *pCaps) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayMode(UINT iSwapChain, D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetCreationParameters(D3DDEVICE_CREATION_PARAMETERS *pParameters) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetCursorProperties(UINT XHotSpot, UINT YHotSpot, IDirect3DSurface9 *pCursorBitmap) override;
+    virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetCursorPosition(int X, int Y, DWORD Flags) override;
+    virtual BOOL STDMETHODCALLTYPE ShowCursor(BOOL bShow) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateAdditionalSwapChain(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters, IDirect3DSwapChain9 **ppSwapChain) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetSwapChain(UINT iSwapChain, IDirect3DSwapChain9 **ppSwapChain) override;
+    virtual UINT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetNumberOfSwapChains() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Reset(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Present(const RECT *pSourceRect, const RECT *pDestRect, HWND hDestWindowOverride, const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBackBuffer(UINT iSwapChain, UINT iBackBuffer, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE Type, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetRasterStatus(UINT iSwapChain, D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetDialogBoxMode(BOOL bEnableDialogs) override;
+    virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetGammaRamp(UINT iSwapChain, DWORD Flags, const D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp) override;
+    virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetGammaRamp(UINT iSwapChain, D3DGAMMARAMP *pRamp) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateTexture(UINT Width, UINT Height, UINT Levels, DWORD Usage, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DPOOL Pool, IDirect3DTexture9 **ppTexture, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateVolumeTexture(UINT Width, UINT Height, UINT Depth, UINT Levels, DWORD Usage, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DPOOL Pool, IDirect3DVolumeTexture9 **ppVolumeTexture, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateCubeTexture(UINT EdgeLength, UINT Levels, DWORD Usage, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DPOOL Pool, IDirect3DCubeTexture9 **ppCubeTexture, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateVertexBuffer(UINT Length, DWORD Usage, DWORD FVF, D3DPOOL Pool, IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 **ppVertexBuffer, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateIndexBuffer(UINT Length, DWORD Usage, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DPOOL Pool, IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 **ppIndexBuffer, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateRenderTarget(UINT Width, UINT Height, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample, DWORD MultisampleQuality, BOOL Lockable, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateDepthStencilSurface(UINT Width, UINT Height, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample, DWORD MultisampleQuality, BOOL Discard, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UpdateSurface(IDirect3DSurface9 *pSourceSurface, const RECT *pSourceRect, IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestinationSurface, const POINT *pDestPoint) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UpdateTexture(IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *pSourceTexture, IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *pDestinationTexture) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetRenderTargetData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pRenderTarget, IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetFrontBufferData(UINT iSwapChain, IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE StretchRect(IDirect3DSurface9 *pSourceSurface, const RECT *pSourceRect, IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface, const RECT *pDestRect, D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE Filter) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ColorFill(IDirect3DSurface9 *pSurface, const RECT *pRect, D3DCOLOR color) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateOffscreenPlainSurface(UINT Width, UINT Height, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DPOOL Pool, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface, HANDLE *pSharedHandle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetRenderTarget(DWORD RenderTargetIndex, IDirect3DSurface9 *pRenderTarget) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetRenderTarget(DWORD RenderTargetIndex, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppRenderTarget) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetDepthStencilSurface(IDirect3DSurface9 *pNewZStencil) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDepthStencilSurface(IDirect3DSurface9 **ppZStencilSurface) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE BeginScene() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EndScene() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Clear(DWORD Count, const D3DRECT *pRects, DWORD Flags, D3DCOLOR Color, float Z, DWORD Stencil) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetTransform(D3DTRANSFORMSTATETYPE State, const D3DMATRIX *pMatrix) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTransform(D3DTRANSFORMSTATETYPE State, D3DMATRIX *pMatrix) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE MultiplyTransform(D3DTRANSFORMSTATETYPE State, const D3DMATRIX *pMatrix) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetViewport(const D3DVIEWPORT9 *pViewport) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetViewport(D3DVIEWPORT9 *pViewport) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetMaterial(const D3DMATERIAL9 *pMaterial) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetMaterial(D3DMATERIAL9 *pMaterial) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetLight(DWORD Index, const D3DLIGHT9 *pLight) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLight(DWORD Index, D3DLIGHT9 *pLight) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE LightEnable(DWORD Index, BOOL Enable) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLightEnable(DWORD Index, BOOL *pEnable) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetClipPlane(DWORD Index, const float *pPlane) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetClipPlane(DWORD Index, float *pPlane) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetRenderState(D3DRENDERSTATETYPE State, DWORD Value) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetRenderState(D3DRENDERSTATETYPE State, DWORD *pValue) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateStateBlock(D3DSTATEBLOCKTYPE Type, IDirect3DStateBlock9 **ppSB) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE BeginStateBlock() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EndStateBlock(IDirect3DStateBlock9 **ppSB) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetClipStatus(const D3DCLIPSTATUS9 *pClipStatus) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetClipStatus(D3DCLIPSTATUS9 *pClipStatus) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTexture(DWORD Stage, IDirect3DBaseTexture9 **ppTexture) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetTexture(DWORD Stage, IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *pTexture) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetTextureStageState(DWORD Stage, D3DTEXTURESTAGESTATETYPE Type, DWORD *pValue) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetTextureStageState(DWORD Stage, D3DTEXTURESTAGESTATETYPE Type, DWORD Value) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetSamplerState(DWORD Sampler, D3DSAMPLERSTATETYPE Type, DWORD *pValue) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetSamplerState(DWORD Sampler, D3DSAMPLERSTATETYPE Type, DWORD Value) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ValidateDevice(DWORD *pNumPasses) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetPaletteEntries(UINT PaletteNumber, const PALETTEENTRY *pEntries) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPaletteEntries(UINT PaletteNumber, PALETTEENTRY *pEntries) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetCurrentTexturePalette(UINT PaletteNumber) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetCurrentTexturePalette(UINT *PaletteNumber) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetScissorRect(const RECT *pRect) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetScissorRect(RECT *pRect) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetSoftwareVertexProcessing(BOOL bSoftware) override;
+    virtual BOOL STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetSoftwareVertexProcessing() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetNPatchMode(float nSegments) override;
+    virtual float STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetNPatchMode() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DrawPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType, UINT StartVertex, UINT PrimitiveCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType, INT BaseVertexIndex, UINT MinVertexIndex, UINT NumVertices, UINT startIndex, UINT primCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DrawPrimitiveUP(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType, UINT PrimitiveCount, const void *pVertexStreamZeroData, UINT VertexStreamZeroStride) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DrawIndexedPrimitiveUP(D3DPRIMITIVETYPE PrimitiveType, UINT MinVertexIndex, UINT NumVertices, UINT PrimitiveCount, const void *pIndexData, D3DFORMAT IndexDataFormat, const void *pVertexStreamZeroData, UINT VertexStreamZeroStride) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ProcessVertices(UINT SrcStartIndex, UINT DestIndex, UINT VertexCount, IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pDestBuffer, IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 *pVertexDecl, DWORD Flags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateVertexDeclaration(const D3DVERTEXELEMENT9 *pVertexElements, IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 **ppDecl) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetVertexDeclaration(IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 *pDecl) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetVertexDeclaration(IDirect3DVertexDeclaration9 **ppDecl) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetFVF(DWORD FVF) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetFVF(DWORD *pFVF) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateVertexShader(const DWORD *pFunction, IDirect3DVertexShader9 **ppShader) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetVertexShader(IDirect3DVertexShader9 *pShader) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetVertexShader(IDirect3DVertexShader9 **ppShader) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetVertexShaderConstantF(UINT StartRegister, const float *pConstantData, UINT Vector4fCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetVertexShaderConstantF(UINT StartRegister, float *pConstantData, UINT Vector4fCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetVertexShaderConstantI(UINT StartRegister, const int *pConstantData, UINT Vector4iCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetVertexShaderConstantI(UINT StartRegister, int *pConstantData, UINT Vector4iCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetVertexShaderConstantB(UINT StartRegister, const BOOL *pConstantData, UINT  BoolCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetVertexShaderConstantB(UINT StartRegister, BOOL *pConstantData, UINT BoolCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetStreamSource(UINT StreamNumber, IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pStreamData, UINT OffsetInBytes, UINT Stride) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetStreamSource(UINT StreamNumber, IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 **ppStreamData, UINT *OffsetInBytes, UINT *pStride) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetStreamSourceFreq(UINT StreamNumber, UINT Divider) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetStreamSourceFreq(UINT StreamNumber, UINT *Divider) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetIndices(IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 *pIndexData) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetIndices(IDirect3DIndexBuffer9 **ppIndexData) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreatePixelShader(const DWORD *pFunction, IDirect3DPixelShader9 **ppShader) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetPixelShader(IDirect3DPixelShader9 *pShader) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPixelShader(IDirect3DPixelShader9 **ppShader) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetPixelShaderConstantF(UINT StartRegister, const float *pConstantData, UINT Vector4fCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPixelShaderConstantF(UINT StartRegister, float *pConstantData, UINT Vector4fCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetPixelShaderConstantI(UINT StartRegister, const int *pConstantData, UINT Vector4iCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPixelShaderConstantI(UINT StartRegister, int *pConstantData, UINT Vector4iCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetPixelShaderConstantB(UINT StartRegister, const BOOL *pConstantData, UINT  BoolCount) override;
+    virtual	HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPixelShaderConstantB(UINT StartRegister, BOOL *pConstantData, UINT BoolCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DrawRectPatch(UINT Handle, const float *pNumSegs, const D3DRECTPATCH_INFO *pRectPatchInfo) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DrawTriPatch(UINT Handle, const float *pNumSegs, const D3DTRIPATCH_INFO *pTriPatchInfo) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE DeletePatch(UINT Handle) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateQuery(D3DQUERYTYPE Type, IDirect3DQuery9 **ppQuery) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DDevice9Ex
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetConvolutionMonoKernel(UINT width, UINT height, float *rows, float *columns) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ComposeRects(IDirect3DSurface9 *pSrc, IDirect3DSurface9 *pDst, IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pSrcRectDescs, UINT NumRects, IDirect3DVertexBuffer9 *pDstRectDescs, D3DCOMPOSERECTSOP Operation, int Xoffset, int Yoffset) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE PresentEx(const RECT *pSourceRect, const RECT *pDestRect, HWND hDestWindowOverride, const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetGPUThreadPriority(INT *pPriority) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetGPUThreadPriority(INT Priority) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WaitForVBlank(UINT iSwapChain) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CheckResourceResidency(IDirect3DResource9 **pResourceArray, UINT32 NumResources) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetMaximumFrameLatency(UINT MaxLatency) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetMaximumFrameLatency(UINT *pMaxLatency) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CheckDeviceState(HWND hDestinationWindow) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateRenderTargetEx(UINT Width, UINT Height, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample, DWORD MultisampleQuality, BOOL Lockable, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface, HANDLE *pSharedHandle, DWORD Usage) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateOffscreenPlainSurfaceEx(UINT Width, UINT Height, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DPOOL Pool, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface, HANDLE *pSharedHandle, DWORD Usage) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateDepthStencilSurfaceEx(UINT Width, UINT Height, D3DFORMAT Format, D3DMULTISAMPLE_TYPE MultiSample, DWORD MultisampleQuality, BOOL Discard, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurface, HANDLE *pSharedHandle, DWORD Usage) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ResetEx(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pFullscreenDisplayMode) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayModeEx(UINT iSwapChain, D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode, D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    HWND const hFocusWindow;
+    IDirect3DDevice9 *pReal;
+    bool is_d3d9ex = false;
+
+    std::atomic_ulong refs = 1;
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 *main_swapchain = nullptr;
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 *sub_swapchain = nullptr;
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 *fake_sub_swapchain = nullptr;
+    IDirect3DVertexShader9 *vertex_shader = nullptr;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.cpp b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..57695e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include "d3d9_fake_swapchain.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#if 1
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::{}", __FUNCTION__)
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT(format, ...) log_misc("graphics::d3d9", format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE
+#define WRAP_VERBOSE_FMT(format, ...)
+#endif
+
+// IDirect3DSwapChain9
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_IUnknown ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex)
+    {
+#pragma region Update to IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex interface
+        if (!is_d3d9ex && riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex) {
+            is_d3d9ex = true;
+        }
+#pragma endregion
+
+        AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::AddRef(void) {
+    return ++this->ref_cnt;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::Release(void) {
+    ULONG refs = --this->ref_cnt;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present(const RECT *pSourceRect, const RECT *pDestRect,
+        HWND hDestWindowOverride, const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion, DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present");
+    });
+
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetBackBuffer(UINT iBackBuffer, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE Type,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer)
+{
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetBackBuffer");
+    });
+
+    if (iBackBuffer >= render_targets.size() || Type != D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO || !ppBackBuffer) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    auto &render_target = render_targets[iBackBuffer];
+
+    render_target->AddRef();
+    *ppBackBuffer = render_target;
+
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetRasterStatus(D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayMode(D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) {
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    if (ppDevice == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    pDev->AddRef();
+    *ppDevice = pDev;
+
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentParameters(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
+
+// IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetLastPresentCount(UINT *pLastPresentCount) {
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentStats(D3DPRESENTSTATS *pPresentationStatistics) {
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode,
+        D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
+{
+    WRAP_VERBOSE;
+
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.h b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..499025e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_fake_swapchain.h
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+#pragma once
+
+// this file uses the C++ interface of Direct3D9
+#ifdef CINTERFACE
+#undef CINTERFACE
+#endif
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+struct FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(IDirect3DDevice9 *pDev, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *present_params, bool is_d3d9ex) :
+        pDev(pDev), is_d3d9ex(is_d3d9ex)
+    {
+        // copy presentation parameters
+        memcpy(&this->present_params, present_params, sizeof(this->present_params));
+
+        // From MSDN https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/direct3d9/d3dpresent-parameters:
+        // Values of 0 are treated as 1
+        if (this->present_params.BackBufferCount == 0) {
+            this->present_params.BackBufferCount = 1;
+        }
+
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < this->present_params.BackBufferCount; i++) {
+            IDirect3DSurface9 *render_target = nullptr;
+            HRESULT hr = pDev->CreateRenderTarget(
+                    this->present_params.BackBufferWidth,
+                    this->present_params.BackBufferHeight,
+                    this->present_params.BackBufferFormat,
+                    this->present_params.MultiSampleType,
+                    this->present_params.MultiSampleQuality,
+                    FALSE,
+                    &render_target,
+                    nullptr
+            );
+            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
+                this->render_targets.push_back(render_target);
+            } else {
+                log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "failed to create backing render target for fake swap chain, hr={}",
+                        FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(const FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 &) = delete;
+    FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 &operator=(const FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9 &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~FakeIDirect3DSwapChain9(void) {
+        for (auto &render_target : this->render_targets) {
+            render_target->Release();
+        }
+    }
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DSwapChain9
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Present(const RECT *pSourceRect, const RECT *pDestRect, HWND hDestWindowOverride, const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBackBuffer(UINT iBackBuffer, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE Type, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetRasterStatus(D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayMode(D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPresentParameters(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLastPresentCount(UINT *pLastPresentCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPresentStats(D3DPRESENTSTATS *pPresentationStatistics) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode, D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    IDirect3DDevice9 *const pDev;
+    bool is_d3d9ex;
+
+    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_cnt = 1;
+
+    D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_params {};
+    std::vector<IDirect3DSurface9 *> render_targets;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.cpp b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8544ad8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+#include "d3d9_swapchain.h"
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+
+#include "d3d9_backend.h"
+#include "d3d9_device.h"
+
+// std::min
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT(x) \
+    HRESULT ret = (x); \
+    if (GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT && FAILED(ret)) [[unlikely]] { \
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9", "{} failed, hr={}", __FUNCTION__, FMT_HRESULT(ret)); \
+    } \
+    return ret
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (//riid == __uuidof(IUnknown) || Ignore IUnknown, it's often queried to test object equality between different interfaces
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex)
+    {
+#pragma region Update to IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex interface
+        if (!is_d3d9ex && riid == IID_IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex) {
+            IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *swapchainex = nullptr;
+
+            if (FAILED(pReal->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&swapchainex)))) {
+                return E_NOINTERFACE;
+            }
+
+            pReal->Release();
+            pReal = swapchainex;
+            is_d3d9ex = true;
+        }
+#pragma endregion
+
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::AddRef(void) {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::Release(void) {
+    ULONG refs = pReal != nullptr ? pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    // Metal Gear Arcade expects the swap chain to only have one reference. The parent
+    // `WrappedIDirect3DDevice9` holds a strong reference to this swap chain which means
+    // the reference count will be above one. Workaround this by returning a maximum of one.
+    if (avs::game::is_model("I36")) {
+        return std::min(refs, 1lu);
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+/*
+ * IDirect3DSwapChain9
+ */
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present(const RECT *pSourceRect, const RECT *pDestRect,
+        HWND hDestWindowOverride, const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion, DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9", "WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::Present");
+    });
+
+    if (should_run_hooks) {
+        graphics_d3d9_on_present(pDev->hFocusWindow, pDev->pReal, pDev);
+    }
+
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->Present(pSourceRect, pDestRect, hDestWindowOverride, pDirtyRegion, dwFlags));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetFrontBufferData(pDestSurface));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetBackBuffer(UINT iBackBuffer, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE Type,
+        IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetBackBuffer(iBackBuffer, Type, ppBackBuffer));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetRasterStatus(D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetRasterStatus(pRasterStatus));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayMode(D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDisplayMode(pMode));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) {
+    if (ppDevice == nullptr) {
+        return D3DERR_INVALIDCALL;
+    }
+
+    pDev->AddRef();
+    *ppDevice = pDev;
+
+    return D3D_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentParameters(
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetPresentParameters(pPresentationParameters));
+}
+
+/*
+ * IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex
+ */
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetLastPresentCount(UINT *pLastPresentCount) {
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *>(pReal)->GetLastPresentCount(pLastPresentCount));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetPresentStats(D3DPRESENTSTATS *pPresentationStatistics) {
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *>(pReal)->GetPresentStats(pPresentationStatistics));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9::GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode,
+        D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation)
+{
+    assert(is_d3d9ex);
+    CHECK_RESULT(static_cast<IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *>(pReal)->GetDisplayModeEx(pMode, pRotation));
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.h b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e039901
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_swapchain.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+interface WrappedIDirect3DDevice9;
+
+struct WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 : IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex {
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev, IDirect3DSwapChain9 *orig) :
+        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(false)
+    {
+        IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *swapchain = nullptr;
+
+        // attempt to upgrade handle
+        if (SUCCEEDED(this->QueryInterface(IID_PPV_ARGS(&swapchain))) && swapchain != nullptr) {
+            swapchain->Release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *dev, IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex *orig) :
+        pDev(dev), pReal(orig), is_d3d9ex(true)
+    {
+    }
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(void) {
+    }
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9(const WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 &) = delete;
+    WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 &operator=(const WrappedIDirect3DSwapChain9 &) = delete;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DSwapChain9
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Present(const RECT *pSourceRect, const RECT *pDestRect, HWND hDestWindowOverride, const RGNDATA *pDirtyRegion, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetFrontBufferData(IDirect3DSurface9 *pDestSurface) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetBackBuffer(UINT iBackBuffer, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE Type, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppBackBuffer) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetRasterStatus(D3DRASTER_STATUS *pRasterStatus) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayMode(D3DDISPLAYMODE *pMode) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPresentParameters(D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DSwapChain9Ex
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLastPresentCount(UINT *pLastPresentCount) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPresentStats(D3DPRESENTSTATS *pPresentationStatistics) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDisplayModeEx(D3DDISPLAYMODEEX *pMode, D3DDISPLAYROTATION *pRotation) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *const pDev;
+
+    IDirect3DSwapChain9 *pReal;
+    bool is_d3d9ex = false;
+
+    bool should_run_hooks = true;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_texture.cpp b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_texture.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5b0f87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_texture.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+#include "d3d9_texture.h"
+
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#if 0
+#define WRAP_DEBUG log_misc("graphics::d3d9::texture", "{}", __FUNCTION__)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) log_misc("graphics::d3d9::texture", format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#else
+#define WRAP_DEBUG do {} while (0)
+#define WRAP_DEBUG_FMT(format, ...) do {} while (0)
+#endif
+
+#define CHECK_RESULT(x) \
+    HRESULT ret = (x); \
+    if (GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT && FAILED(ret)) [[unlikely]] { \
+        log_warning("graphics::d3d9::texture", "{} failed, hr={}", __FUNCTION__, FMT_HRESULT(ret)); \
+    } \
+    return ret;
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) {
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+
+    // fast path without incrementing the reference count for texture updates
+    if (riid == IID_WrappedIDirect3DTexture9) {
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (/* riid == IID_IUnknown || */
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DResource9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DBaseTexture9 ||
+        riid == IID_IDirect3DTexture9)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        log_info("graphics::d3d9::texture", "WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::QueryInterface({})", guid2s(riid));
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return pReal->QueryInterface(riid, ppvObj);
+}
+
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::AddRef(void) {
+    return pReal->AddRef();
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::Release(void) {
+    ULONG refs = (pReal != nullptr) ? pReal->Release() : 0;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+// IDirect3DResource9 methods
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetDevice(ppDevice));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::SetPrivateData(REFGUID refguid, const void *pData, DWORD SizeOfData,
+        DWORD Flags)
+{
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetPrivateData(refguid, pData, SizeOfData, Flags));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetPrivateData(REFGUID refguid, void *pData, DWORD* pSizeOfData) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetPrivateData(refguid, pData, pSizeOfData));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::FreePrivateData(REFGUID refguid) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->FreePrivateData(refguid));
+}
+DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::SetPriority(DWORD PriorityNew) {
+    return pReal->SetPriority(PriorityNew);
+}
+DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetPriority(void) {
+    return pReal->GetPriority();
+}
+void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::PreLoad(void) {
+    return pReal->PreLoad();
+}
+D3DRESOURCETYPE STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetType(void) {
+    return pReal->GetType();
+}
+
+// IDirect3DBaseTexture9 methods
+DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::SetLOD(DWORD LODNew) {
+    return pReal->SetLOD(LODNew);
+}
+DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetLOD(void) {
+    return pReal->GetLOD();
+}
+DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetLevelCount(void) {
+    return pReal->GetLevelCount();
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::SetAutoGenFilterType(D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE FilterType) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->SetAutoGenFilterType(FilterType));
+}
+D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetAutoGenFilterType(void) {
+    return pReal->GetAutoGenFilterType();
+}
+void STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GenerateMipSubLevels(void) {
+    return pReal->GenerateMipSubLevels();
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetLevelDesc(UINT Level, D3DSURFACE_DESC *pDesc) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetLevelDesc(Level, pDesc));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::GetSurfaceLevel(UINT Level, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurfaceLevel) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->GetSurfaceLevel(Level, ppSurfaceLevel));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::LockRect(UINT Level, D3DLOCKED_RECT *pLockedRect, const RECT *pRect, DWORD Flags) {
+    WRAP_DEBUG_FMT("LockRect({}, {}, {}, 0x{:x})", Level, fmt::ptr(pLockedRect), fmt::ptr(pRect), Flags);
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->LockRect(Level, pLockedRect, pRect, Flags));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::UnlockRect(UINT Level) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->UnlockRect(Level));
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WrappedIDirect3DTexture9::AddDirtyRect(const RECT *pDirtyRect) {
+    CHECK_RESULT(pReal->AddDirtyRect(pDirtyRect));
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_texture.h b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_texture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..902317e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_texture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+// {22E9B203-6506-4BC5-B304-A48F3001630F}
+static const GUID IID_WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 = {
+    0x22e9b203, 0x6506, 0x4bc5, { 0xb3, 0x04, 0xa4, 0x8f, 0x30, 0x01, 0x63, 0x0f }
+};
+
+struct WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 : IDirect3DTexture9 {
+    explicit WrappedIDirect3DTexture9(IDirect3DDevice9 *dev, IDirect3DTexture9 *orig) : pDev(dev), pReal(orig) {
+        log_misc("graphics::d3d9::texture", "Creating texture wrapper around {} => {}", fmt::ptr(orig), fmt::ptr(this));
+    }
+
+    WrappedIDirect3DTexture9(const WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 &) = delete;
+    WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 &operator=(const WrappedIDirect3DTexture9 &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~WrappedIDirect3DTexture9() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef(void) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release(void) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DResource9
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDevice(IDirect3DDevice9 **ppDevice) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetPrivateData(REFGUID refguid, const void *pData, DWORD SizeOfData, DWORD Flags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPrivateData(REFGUID refguid, void *pData, DWORD* pSizeOfData) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FreePrivateData(REFGUID refguid) override;
+    virtual DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetPriority(DWORD PriorityNew) override;
+    virtual DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetPriority(void) override;
+    virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE PreLoad(void) override;
+    virtual D3DRESOURCETYPE STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetType(void) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DBaseTexture9
+    virtual DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetLOD(DWORD LODNew) override;
+    virtual DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLOD(void) override;
+    virtual DWORD STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLevelCount(void) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetAutoGenFilterType(D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE FilterType) override;
+    virtual D3DTEXTUREFILTERTYPE STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetAutoGenFilterType(void) override;
+    virtual void STDMETHODCALLTYPE GenerateMipSubLevels(void) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirect3DTexture9
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetLevelDesc(UINT Level, D3DSURFACE_DESC *pDesc) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetSurfaceLevel(UINT Level, IDirect3DSurface9 **ppSurfaceLevel) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE LockRect(UINT Level, D3DLOCKED_RECT *pLockedRect, const RECT *pRect, DWORD Flags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE UnlockRect(UINT Level) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddDirtyRect(const RECT *pDirtyRect) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+    IDirect3DDevice9 *const pDev;
+    IDirect3DTexture9 *const pReal;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/shaders/vertex_shader.h b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/shaders/vertex_shader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..79ed700
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/shaders/vertex_shader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+#if 0
+//
+// Generated by Microsoft (R) HLSL Shader Compiler 10.1
+//
+// Parameters:
+//
+//   float4 ColorMultiply;
+//   float2 ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset;
+//   float4x4 WorldViewProjection;
+//
+//
+// Registers:
+//
+//   Name                         Reg   Size
+//   ---------------------------- ----- ----
+//   WorldViewProjection          c0       4
+//   ColorMultiply                c4       1
+//   ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset c63      1
+//
+
+    vs_1_1
+    dcl_position v0
+    dcl_color v1
+    dcl_texcoord v2
+    dp4 oPos.z, v0, c2
+    mul oD0, v1, c4
+    dp4 r0.x, v0, c0
+    dp4 r0.y, v0, c1
+    dp4 r0.z, v0, c3
+    mad oPos.xy, c63, r0.z, r0
+    mov oPos.w, r0.z
+    mov oT0.xy, v2
+
+// approximately 8 instruction slots used
+#endif
+
+const BYTE g_vs11_vs_main[] =
+{
+      1,   1, 254, 255, 254, 255, 
+     64,   0,  67,  84,  65,  66, 
+     28,   0,   0,   0, 211,   0, 
+      0,   0,   1,   1, 254, 255, 
+      3,   0,   0,   0,  28,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   1,   0,   0, 
+    204,   0,   0,   0,  88,   0, 
+      0,   0,   2,   0,   4,   0, 
+      1,   0,  18,   0, 104,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+    120,   0,   0,   0,   2,   0, 
+     63,   0,   1,   0, 254,   0, 
+    152,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0, 168,   0,   0,   0, 
+      2,   0,   0,   0,   4,   0, 
+      2,   0, 188,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,  67, 111, 
+    108, 111, 114,  77, 117, 108, 
+    116, 105, 112, 108, 121,   0, 
+    171, 171,   1,   0,   3,   0, 
+      1,   0,   4,   0,   1,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+     67, 111, 110, 115, 116,  97, 
+    110, 116,  72,  97, 108, 102, 
+     84, 101, 120, 101, 108,  70, 
+    105, 120, 117, 112,  79, 102, 
+    102, 115, 101, 116,   0, 171, 
+    171, 171,   1,   0,   3,   0, 
+      1,   0,   2,   0,   1,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+     87, 111, 114, 108, 100,  86, 
+    105, 101, 119,  80, 114, 111, 
+    106, 101,  99, 116, 105, 111, 
+    110,   0,   3,   0,   3,   0, 
+      4,   0,   4,   0,   1,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+    118, 115,  95,  49,  95,  49, 
+      0,  77, 105,  99, 114, 111, 
+    115, 111, 102, 116,  32,  40, 
+     82,  41,  32,  72,  76,  83, 
+     76,  32,  83, 104,  97, 100, 
+    101, 114,  32,  67, 111, 109, 
+    112, 105, 108, 101, 114,  32, 
+     49,  48,  46,  49,   0, 171, 
+     31,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0, 128,   0,   0,  15, 144, 
+     31,   0,   0,   0,  10,   0, 
+      0, 128,   1,   0,  15, 144, 
+     31,   0,   0,   0,   5,   0, 
+      0, 128,   2,   0,  15, 144, 
+      9,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+      4, 192,   0,   0, 228, 144, 
+      2,   0, 228, 160,   5,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,  15, 208, 
+      1,   0, 228, 144,   4,   0, 
+    228, 160,   9,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0,   1, 128,   0,   0, 
+    228, 144,   0,   0, 228, 160, 
+      9,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, 
+      2, 128,   0,   0, 228, 144, 
+      1,   0, 228, 160,   9,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   4, 128, 
+      0,   0, 228, 144,   3,   0, 
+    228, 160,   4,   0,   0,   0, 
+      0,   0,   3, 192,  63,   0, 
+    228, 160,   0,   0, 170, 128, 
+      0,   0, 228, 128,   1,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   8, 192, 
+      0,   0, 170, 128,   1,   0, 
+      0,   0,   0,   0,   3, 224, 
+      2,   0, 228, 144, 255, 255, 
+      0,   0
+};
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/shaders/vertex_shader.hlsl b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/shaders/vertex_shader.hlsl
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da120d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/shaders/vertex_shader.hlsl
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+/*
+ * original source
+ *  vs.1.1 //Shader version 1.1
+ *  dcl_position v0;
+ *  dcl_color v1;
+ *  dcl_texcoord0 v2;
+ *  m4x4 oPos, v0, c0
+ *  mul oD0, v1, c4
+ *  mov oT0.xy, v2
+ *
+ * build command
+ *  fxc.exe /Vi vertex-shader.hlsl /Fh vertex-shader.h /T vs_1_1 /E vs_main
+ */
+
+float4x4 WorldViewProjection : register(c0);
+float4 ColorMultiply : register(c4);
+float2 ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset : register(c63);
+
+struct VS {
+    float4 Position : POSITION;  // dcl_position v0;
+    float4 Color    : COLOR;     // dcl_color v1;
+    float2 TexCoord : TEXCOORD0; // dcl_texcoord0 v2;
+};
+
+VS vs_main(VS input)
+{
+    VS output;
+
+    output.Position = mul(input.Position, WorldViewProjection); // m4x4 oPos, v0, c0
+    output.Color.x  = mul(input.Color.x, ColorMultiply.x);      // mul oD0, v1, c4
+    output.Color.y  = mul(input.Color.y, ColorMultiply.y);
+    output.Color.z  = mul(input.Color.z, ColorMultiply.z);
+    output.Color.w  = mul(input.Color.w, ColorMultiply.w);
+    output.TexCoord = input.TexCoord;                           // mov oT0.xy, v2
+
+    // fix texture position
+    output.Position.xy += ConstantHalfTexelFixupOffset.xy * output.Position.w;
+
+    return output;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/graphics.cpp b/hooks/graphics/graphics.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a2d869c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/graphics.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1034 @@
+#include <initguid.h>
+
+#include "graphics.h"
+
+#include <set>
+#include <vector>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/icon.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "games/ddr/ddr.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "touch/touch_indicators.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+
+struct CaptureData {
+    std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data;
+    unsigned short width, height;
+    uint64_t timestamp;
+};
+
+HWND TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
+HWND SDVX_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
+
+// icon
+static HICON WINDOW_ICON = LoadIcon(GetModuleHandle(nullptr), MAKEINTRESOURCE(MAINICON));
+
+// state
+static WNDPROC WNDPROC_ORIG = nullptr;
+static WNDPROC WSUB_WNDPROC_ORIG = nullptr;
+static std::vector<WNDPROC> WNDPROC_CUSTOM {};
+static bool GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_TRIGGER = false;
+static std::set<int> GRAPHICS_SCREENS { 0 };
+static std::mutex GRAPHICS_SCREENS_M {};
+static std::vector<int> GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS;
+static const size_t GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREEN_NO = 4;
+static std::mutex GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS_M {};
+static CaptureData GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER[GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREEN_NO] {};
+static std::mutex GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER_M[GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREEN_NO] {};
+static std::condition_variable GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CV[GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREEN_NO] {};
+
+// flag settings
+bool GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CURSOR = false;
+bool GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT = false;
+bool GRAPHICS_SDVX_FORCE_720 = false;
+bool GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = false;
+graphics_orientation GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION = ORIENTATION_NORMAL;
+bool GRAPHICS_WINDOWED = false;
+std::vector<HWND> GRAPHICS_WINDOWS;
+UINT GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH = 0;
+bool GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER = false;
+bool GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOW = false;
+graphics_dx9on12_state GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_STATE = DX9ON12_AUTO;
+bool GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_REQUESTED_BY_GAME = false;
+bool SUBSCREEN_FORCE_REDRAW = false;
+bool D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE = false;
+
+// settings
+std::string GRAPHICS_DEVICEID = "PCI\\VEN_1002&DEV_7146";
+std::string GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR = ".\\screenshots";
+
+static decltype(ChangeDisplaySettingsA) *ChangeDisplaySettingsA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(ChangeDisplaySettingsExA) *ChangeDisplaySettingsExA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(ClipCursor) *ClipCursor_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(CreateWindowExA) *CreateWindowExA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(CreateWindowExW) *CreateWindowExW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(EnableWindow) *EnableWindow_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(EnumDisplayDevicesA) *EnumDisplayDevicesA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(MoveWindow) *MoveWindow_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(PeekMessageA) *PeekMessageA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegisterClassA) *RegisterClassA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegisterClassExA) *RegisterClassExA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegisterClassW) *RegisterClassW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(RegisterClassExW) *RegisterClassExW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(ShowCursor) *ShowCursor_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetCursor) *SetCursor_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetWindowLongA) *SetWindowLongA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetWindowLongW) *SetWindowLongW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetWindowPos) *SetWindowPos_orig = nullptr;
+
+static void reset_window_hook(HWND hWnd) {
+    overlay::destroy(hWnd);
+
+    if (WNDPROC_ORIG) {
+        SetWindowLongPtrA(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR) WNDPROC_ORIG);
+        WNDPROC_ORIG = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+// window procedure
+static LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+
+    // terminate
+    if (uMsg == WM_CLOSE) {
+        log_info("graphics", "detected WM_CLOSE, terminating...");
+        launcher::shutdown(0);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // overlay specific
+    if (overlay::OVERLAY) {
+        switch (uMsg) {
+            case WM_CHAR: {
+
+                // input characters if overlay is active
+                if (overlay::OVERLAY->has_focus()) {
+                    overlay::OVERLAY->input_char((unsigned int) wParam);
+                    return true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case WM_DESTROY: {
+                auto wndproc = WNDPROC_ORIG;
+                reset_window_hook(hWnd);
+                return CallWindowProcA(wndproc, hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+            }
+            case WM_SETCURSOR: {
+
+                // set cursor back to the overlay one
+                if (LOWORD(lParam) == HTCLIENT && overlay::OVERLAY->update_cursor()) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (wintouchemu::INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH) {
+        // drop mouse inputs since only wintouches should be used
+        switch (uMsg) {
+            case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
+            case WM_LBUTTONUP:
+            case WM_MBUTTONDOWN:
+            case WM_MBUTTONUP:
+            case WM_RBUTTONDOWN:
+            case WM_RBUTTONUP:
+            case WM_XBUTTONDOWN:
+            case WM_XBUTTONUP:
+                return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // window resize
+    graphics_windowed_wndproc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+
+    // call custom procedures
+    for (WNDPROC wndProc : WNDPROC_CUSTOM) {
+        wndProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+    }
+
+    // capture mouse
+    if (GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CURSOR) {
+        bool free_cursor = false;
+        bool capture_cursor = false;
+        bool early_return = false;
+        switch (uMsg) {
+            case WM_SETFOCUS:
+                capture_cursor = true;
+                early_return = true;
+                break;
+            case WM_KILLFOCUS:
+                free_cursor = true;
+                early_return = true;
+                break;
+            case WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED:
+                // known issue: dragging with the title bar results in WM_WINDOWPOSCHANGED
+                // getting called, which calls ClipCursor successfully, but doesn't actually
+                // confine the cursor for some reason; seems like odd Windows behavior
+                // (can be fixed if focus is shifted to another window and then back to the game
+                // window)
+                if (hWnd == GetActiveWindow()) {
+                    capture_cursor = true;
+                } else {
+                    free_cursor = true;
+                }
+                // do not return early; may result in WM_SIZE / WM_MOVE no longer being called
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+
+        if (free_cursor) {
+            ClipCursor(nullptr);
+        } else if (capture_cursor) {
+            RECT WINDOW_RECT;
+            GetWindowRect(hWnd, &WINDOW_RECT);
+            ClipCursor(&WINDOW_RECT);
+        }
+        if (early_return) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // drop keydown messages
+    switch (uMsg) {
+        case WM_SYSKEYDOWN:
+        case WM_SYSKEYUP:
+        case WM_KEYDOWN:
+        case WM_KEYUP:
+            return true;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    switch (uMsg) {
+        case WM_MOVE:
+        case WM_SIZE: {
+            // Update SPICETOUCH space when the main window changes size or moves.
+            // The update happens regardless of whether the "fake" spicetouch window is present or not.
+            // This allows touches received on subscreen window to be translated correctly.
+            update_spicetouch_window_dimensions(hWnd);
+            // log_misc(
+            //     "graphics", "detected window change ({}x{} @ {}, {}), updating touch coord-space to match", 
+            //     SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y);
+                
+            // Update SPICETOUCH window if present
+            if (SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND) {
+                SetWindowPos(
+                    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND, HWND_TOP,
+                    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y,
+                    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT,
+                    SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOREDRAW | SWP_NOREPOSITION | SWP_NOACTIVATE);
+            }
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // call default
+    return CallWindowProcA(WNDPROC_ORIG, hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+}
+
+// window procedure for subscreen
+// this might be replaced by spicetouch hook later
+static LRESULT CALLBACK WsubWindowProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+    if (uMsg == WM_CLOSE) {
+        log_misc("graphics", "ignore WM_CLOSE for subscreen window");
+        return false;
+    }
+    return CallWindowProcA(WSUB_WNDPROC_ORIG, hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
+}
+
+static LONG WINAPI ChangeDisplaySettingsA_hook(DEVMODEA *lpDevMode, DWORD dwflags) {
+    log_misc("graphics", "ChangeDisplaySettingsA hook hit");
+
+    // ignore display settings changes when running windowed
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return ChangeDisplaySettingsA_orig(lpDevMode, dwflags);
+}
+
+static LONG WINAPI ChangeDisplaySettingsExA_hook(LPCSTR lpszDeviceName, DEVMODEA *lpDevMode, HWND hwnd,
+        DWORD dwflags, LPVOID lParam)
+{
+    log_misc("graphics", "ChangeDisplaySettingsExA hook hit");
+
+    // ignore display settings changes when running windowed
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return ChangeDisplaySettingsExA_orig(lpszDeviceName, lpDevMode, hwnd, dwflags, lParam);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI ClipCursor_hook(const RECT *lpRect) {
+    log_misc("graphics", "ClipCursor hook hit");
+
+    // ignore cursor confine when having no explicit cursor confine
+    if (!GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CURSOR) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return ClipCursor_orig(lpRect);
+}
+
+static HWND WINAPI CreateWindowExA_hook(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCSTR lpClassName, LPCSTR lpWindowName,
+                                        DWORD dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
+                                        HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HINSTANCE hInstance,
+                                        LPVOID lpParam)
+{
+    const std::string window_name(lpWindowName != nullptr ? lpWindowName : "(null)");
+
+    log_misc("graphics", "CreateWindowExA hook hit (0x{:08x}, {}, {}, 0x{:08x}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            dwExStyle,
+            fmt::ptr(lpClassName),
+            window_name,
+            dwStyle,
+            x,
+            y,
+            nWidth,
+            nHeight,
+            fmt::ptr(hWndParent),
+            fmt::ptr(hMenu),
+            fmt::ptr(hInstance),
+            fmt::ptr(lpParam));
+
+    // set display orientation and/or refresh rate
+    // only set orientation when the target window is portrait
+    // (avoid doing this for SDVX subscreen which is in landscape, for example)
+    const auto adjust_orientation =
+        (GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION == ORIENTATION_CW ||
+         GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION == ORIENTATION_CCW);
+
+    if ((nHeight > nWidth && adjust_orientation) || GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0) {
+        DEVMODE mode {};
+
+        // get display settings
+        if (EnumDisplaySettings(nullptr, ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, &mode)) {
+            if (adjust_orientation) {
+                DWORD orientation = GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION == ORIENTATION_CW ? DMDO_90 : DMDO_270;
+                log_misc(
+                    "graphics",
+                    "auto-rotate: call ChangeDisplaySettings and rotate display to DMDO_xx mode {}",
+                    orientation);
+                mode.dmPelsWidth = nWidth;
+                mode.dmPelsHeight = nHeight;
+                mode.dmDisplayOrientation = orientation;
+            }
+
+            if (GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH > 0) {
+                log_info(
+                    "graphics",
+                    "call ChangeDisplaySettings to force refresh rate: {} => {} Hz (-graphics-force-refresh)",
+                    mode.dmDisplayFrequency,
+                    GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH);
+
+                mode.dmDisplayFrequency = GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+            }
+
+            const auto disp_res = ChangeDisplaySettings(&mode, CDS_FULLSCREEN);
+            if (disp_res != DISP_CHANGE_SUCCESSFUL) {
+                log_warning("graphics", "failed to change display settings: {}", disp_res);
+            }
+        } else {
+            log_warning("graphics", "failed to get display settings");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // gfdm
+    if (avs::game::is_model({"J32", "J33", "K32", "K33", "L32", "L33", "M32"})) {
+        // set window name
+        if (!lpWindowName) {
+            lpWindowName = "GITADORA";
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool is_tdj_sub_window = avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && window_name.ends_with(" sub");
+    bool is_sdvx_sub_window = avs::game::is_model("KFC") && window_name.ends_with(" Sub Screen");
+
+    // TDJ windowed mode with subscreen: hide maximize button
+    if ((is_tdj_sub_window && GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) || is_sdvx_sub_window) {
+        dwStyle &= ~(WS_MAXIMIZEBOX);
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    HWND result = CreateWindowExA_orig(dwExStyle, lpClassName, lpWindowName, dwStyle, x, y, nWidth, nHeight,
+            hWndParent, hMenu, hInstance, lpParam);
+    GRAPHICS_WINDOWS.push_back(result);
+
+    if (is_tdj_sub_window) {
+        // TDJ windowed mode: remember the subscreen window handle for later
+        TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = result;
+    
+        // hook for preventing the closing of subscreen window
+        if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+            graphics_hook_subscreen_window(TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // hook for preventing the closing of subscreen window
+    if (is_sdvx_sub_window) {
+        SDVX_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = result;
+        graphics_hook_subscreen_window(SDVX_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
+    }
+
+    disable_touch_indicators(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+static HWND WINAPI CreateWindowExW_hook(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCWSTR lpClassName, LPCWSTR lpWindowName,
+                                        DWORD dwStyle, int x, int y, int nWidth, int nHeight,
+                                        HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HINSTANCE hInstance,
+                                        LPVOID lpParam)
+{
+    log_misc("graphics", "CreateWindowExW hook hit ({:x}, {}, {}, {:x}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+            dwExStyle,
+            fmt::ptr(lpClassName),
+            lpWindowName != nullptr ? ws2s(lpWindowName) : "(null)",
+            dwStyle,
+            x,
+            y,
+            nWidth,
+            nHeight,
+            fmt::ptr(hWndParent),
+            fmt::ptr(hMenu),
+            fmt::ptr(hInstance),
+            fmt::ptr(lpParam));
+
+    // DDR specific stuff
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+
+        // set window name
+        if (!lpWindowName) {
+            lpWindowName = L"Dance Dance Revolution";
+        }
+
+        // windowed mode adjustments
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+
+            // change window style
+            dwExStyle = 0;
+            dwStyle |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
+
+            // adjust window size to include window decoration
+            RECT rect {};
+            if (games::ddr::SDMODE) {
+                SetRect(&rect, 0, 0, 800, 600);
+            } else {
+                SetRect(&rect, 0, 0, 1280, 720);
+            }
+            AdjustWindowRect(&rect, dwStyle, (hMenu != nullptr));
+
+            nWidth = rect.right - rect.left;
+            nHeight = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // DanEvo specific stuff
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KDM")) {
+
+        // set window name
+        if (!lpWindowName) {
+            lpWindowName = L"Dance Evolution";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    HWND result = CreateWindowExW_orig(
+            dwExStyle, lpClassName, lpWindowName, dwStyle, x, y, nWidth, nHeight,
+            hWndParent, hMenu, hInstance, lpParam);
+    GRAPHICS_WINDOWS.push_back(result);
+
+    disable_touch_indicators(result);
+    return result;
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI EnableWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, BOOL bEnable) {
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI EnumDisplayDevicesA_hook(LPCTSTR lpDevice, DWORD iDevNum,
+        PDISPLAY_DEVICE lpDisplayDevice, DWORD dwFlags) {
+
+    // call original
+    BOOL value = EnumDisplayDevicesA_orig(lpDevice, iDevNum, lpDisplayDevice, dwFlags);
+
+#ifndef SPICE64
+    // older IIDX games check for hardcoded PCI vendor/device ID pair of GPU
+    if ((avs::game::is_model("JDZ") || avs::game::is_model("KDZ")) && value) {
+        log_info(
+            "graphics",
+            "EnumDisplayDevicesA_hook: swap DeviceID {} with {} (for IIDX 18/19)",
+            lpDisplayDevice->DeviceID,
+            GRAPHICS_DEVICEID.c_str());
+        memcpy(&lpDisplayDevice->DeviceID, GRAPHICS_DEVICEID.c_str(), GRAPHICS_DEVICEID.size() + 1);
+    }
+#endif
+
+    // return original result
+    return value;
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI MoveWindow_hook(HWND hWnd, int X, int Y, int nWidth, int nHeight, BOOL bRepaint) {
+    log_misc("graphics", "MoveWindow hook hit ({}, {}, {}, {}, {}, {})",
+        fmt::ptr(hWnd),
+        X,
+        Y,
+        nWidth,
+        nHeight,
+        bRepaint);
+
+    // sound voltex windowed mode adjustments
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && GRAPHICS_SDVX_FORCE_720 && avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+        RECT rect {};
+        DWORD dwStyle;
+
+        dwStyle = GetWindowLongA(hWnd, GWL_STYLE);
+
+        // luckily, SDVX does not draw a menu. So we can leave the last
+        // argument to `AdjustWindowRect` as `0`.
+        SetRect(&rect, 0, 0, 720, 1280);
+        AdjustWindowRect(&rect, dwStyle, 0);
+
+        nWidth = rect.right - rect.left;
+        nHeight = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+    }
+
+    // iidx windowed TDJ mode
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW && hWnd == TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW) {
+       if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+           // (Experimental) Show subscreen in windowed mode
+            graphics_load_windowed_subscreen_parameters();
+ 
+            RECT rect {};
+            DWORD dwStyle;
+
+            dwStyle = GetWindowLongA(hWnd, GWL_STYLE);
+
+            SetRect(&rect, 0, 0, GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_WIDTH, GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_HEIGHT);
+            AdjustWindowRect(&rect, dwStyle, 0);
+
+            X = GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_X;
+            Y = GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_Y;
+
+            nWidth = rect.right - rect.left;
+            nHeight = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+
+            touch_attach_wnd(TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW);
+        } else {
+            // Existing behaviour: suppress subscreen window and prompt user to use overlay instead
+             log_info(
+                "graphics",
+                "MoveWindow hook - hiding TDJ subscreen window {}; please use subscreen overlay instead (-iidxtdjw)",
+                fmt::ptr(hWnd));
+            SendMessage(hWnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
+            TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW = nullptr;
+            return TRUE;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return MoveWindow_orig(hWnd, X, Y, nWidth, nHeight, bRepaint);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI PeekMessageA_hook(
+        LPMSG lpMsg, HWND hWnd, UINT wMsgFilterMin, UINT wMsgFilterMax, UINT wRemoveMsg) {
+
+    // SDVX polls for messages too slowly
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+
+        // process remaining messages
+        BOOL ret;
+        while ((ret = PeekMessageA_orig(lpMsg, hWnd, wMsgFilterMin, wMsgFilterMax, PM_REMOVE)) != 0) {
+            if (ret == -1) {
+                return ret;
+            } else {
+                TranslateMessage(lpMsg);
+                DispatchMessageA(lpMsg);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return no message
+        return FALSE;
+    }
+
+    return PeekMessageA_orig(lpMsg, hWnd, wMsgFilterMin, wMsgFilterMax, wRemoveMsg);
+}
+
+static int WINAPI ShowCursor_hook(BOOL bShow) {
+
+    // prevent game from hiding cursor when option is enabled
+    if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR && !bShow) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return ShowCursor_orig(bShow);
+}
+
+static HCURSOR WINAPI SetCursor_hook(HCURSOR hCursor) {
+    if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR && hCursor == NULL) {
+        return GetCursor();
+    }
+    return SetCursor_orig(hCursor);
+}
+
+static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongA_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {
+
+    // DDR window style fix
+    if (nIndex == GWL_STYLE && avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+        dwNewLong |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return SetWindowLongA_orig(hWnd, nIndex, dwNewLong);
+}
+
+static LONG WINAPI SetWindowLongW_hook(HWND hWnd, int nIndex, LONG dwNewLong) {
+
+    // DDR overlapped window fix
+    if (nIndex == GWL_STYLE && avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+        dwNewLong |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return SetWindowLongW_orig(hWnd, nIndex, dwNewLong);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetWindowPos_hook(HWND hWnd, HWND hWndInsertAfter,
+        int X, int Y, int cx, int cy, UINT uFlags) {
+
+    // windowed mode adjustments
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED && (avs::game::is_model("LMA") || avs::game::is_model("MDX"))) {
+        return TRUE;
+    }
+
+    // call original
+    return SetWindowPos_orig(hWnd, hWndInsertAfter, X, Y, cx, cy, uFlags);
+}
+
+static ATOM WINAPI RegisterClassA_hook(const WNDCLASSA *lpWndClass) {
+
+    // check for null
+    if (!lpWndClass) {
+        return RegisterClassA_orig(lpWndClass);
+    }
+
+    // copy struct and use own icon
+    WNDCLASSA wnd = *lpWndClass;
+    wnd.hIcon = WINDOW_ICON;
+
+    // call original
+    return RegisterClassA_orig(&wnd);
+}
+
+static ATOM WINAPI RegisterClassExA_hook(const WNDCLASSEXA *Arg1) {
+
+    // check for null
+    if (!Arg1) {
+        return RegisterClassExA_orig(Arg1);
+    }
+
+    // copy struct and use own icon
+    WNDCLASSEXA wnd = *Arg1;
+    wnd.hIcon = WINDOW_ICON;
+    wnd.hIconSm = WINDOW_ICON;
+
+    // call original
+    return RegisterClassExA_orig(&wnd);
+}
+
+static ATOM WINAPI RegisterClassW_hook(const WNDCLASSW *lpWndClass) {
+
+    // check for null
+    if (!lpWndClass) {
+        return RegisterClassW_orig(lpWndClass);
+    }
+
+    // copy struct and use own icon
+    WNDCLASSW wnd = *lpWndClass;
+    wnd.hIcon = WINDOW_ICON;
+
+    // call original
+    return RegisterClassW_orig(&wnd);
+}
+
+static ATOM WINAPI RegisterClassExW_hook(const WNDCLASSEXW *Arg1) {
+
+    // check for null
+    if (!Arg1) {
+        return RegisterClassExW_orig(Arg1);
+    }
+
+    // copy struct and use own icon
+    WNDCLASSEXW wnd = *Arg1;
+    wnd.hIcon = WINDOW_ICON;
+    wnd.hIconSm = WINDOW_ICON;
+
+    // call original
+    return RegisterClassExW_orig(&wnd);
+}
+
+static HHOOK WINAPI SetWindowsHookExA_hook(int, HOOKPROC, HINSTANCE, DWORD) {
+    log_misc("graphics", "SetWindowsHookExA hook hit");
+
+    // we don't do hooks
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetCursorPos_hook(int, int) {
+
+    // prevent games from messing with the cursor position themselves
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static int WINAPI MessageBoxA_hook(HWND hWnd, LPCSTR lpText, LPCSTR lpCaption, UINT uType) {
+
+    auto text = lpText != nullptr ? lpText : "(null)";
+    auto title = lpCaption != nullptr ? lpCaption : "(null)";
+
+    log_info("graphics", "MessageBoxA: {} - {}", title, text);
+    return IDOK;
+}
+
+static int WINAPI MessageBoxExA_hook(HWND hWnd, LPCSTR lpText, LPCSTR lpCaption, UINT uType, WORD wLanguageId) {
+
+    auto text = lpText != nullptr ? lpText : "(null)";
+    auto title = lpCaption != nullptr ? lpCaption : "(null)";
+
+    log_info("graphics", "MessageBoxExA: {} - {}", title, text);
+    return IDOK;
+}
+
+static int WINAPI MessageBoxW_hook(HWND hWnd, LPCWSTR lpText, LPCWSTR lpCaption, UINT uType) {
+
+    auto text = lpText != nullptr ? lpText : L"(null)";
+    auto title = lpCaption != nullptr ? lpCaption : L"(null)";
+
+    log_info("graphics", "MessageBoxW: {} - {}", ws2s(title), ws2s(text));
+    return IDOK;
+}
+
+static int WINAPI MessageBoxExW_hook(HWND hWnd, LPCWSTR lpText, LPCWSTR lpCaption, UINT uType, WORD wLanguageId) {
+
+    auto text = lpText != nullptr ? lpText : L"(null)";
+    auto title = lpCaption != nullptr ? lpCaption : L"(null)";
+
+    log_info("graphics", "MessageBoxExW: {} - {}", ws2s(title), ws2s(text));
+    return IDOK;
+}
+
+void graphics_init() {
+    log_info("graphics", "initializing");
+
+    // init screen resize
+    log_info("ScreenResize", "initializing");
+    if(cfg::SCREENRESIZE == nullptr){
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE = std::make_unique<cfg::ScreenResize>();
+    }
+
+    // init backends
+    graphics_d3d9_init();
+
+    // general hooks
+    ChangeDisplaySettingsA_orig = detour::iat_try("ChangeDisplaySettingsA", ChangeDisplaySettingsA_hook);
+    ChangeDisplaySettingsExA_orig = detour::iat_try("ChangeDisplaySettingsExA", ChangeDisplaySettingsExA_hook);
+    ClipCursor_orig = detour::iat_try("ClipCursor", ClipCursor_hook);
+    CreateWindowExA_orig = detour::iat_try("CreateWindowExA", CreateWindowExA_hook);
+    CreateWindowExW_orig = detour::iat_try("CreateWindowExW", CreateWindowExW_hook);
+    EnableWindow_orig = detour::iat_try("EnableWindow", EnableWindow_hook);
+    EnumDisplayDevicesA_orig = detour::iat_try("EnumDisplayDevicesA", EnumDisplayDevicesA_hook);
+    MoveWindow_orig = detour::iat_try("MoveWindow", MoveWindow_hook);
+    PeekMessageA_orig = detour::iat_try("PeekMessageA", PeekMessageA_hook);
+    RegisterClassA_orig = detour::iat_try("RegisterClassA", RegisterClassA_hook);
+    RegisterClassExA_orig = detour::iat_try("RegisterClassExA", RegisterClassExA_hook);
+    RegisterClassW_orig = detour::iat_try("RegisterClassW", RegisterClassW_hook);
+    RegisterClassExW_orig = detour::iat_try("RegisterClassExW", RegisterClassExW_hook);
+    ShowCursor_orig = detour::iat_try("ShowCursor", ShowCursor_hook);
+    SetCursor_orig = detour::iat_try("SetCursor", SetCursor_hook);
+    SetWindowLongA_orig = detour::iat_try("SetWindowLongA", SetWindowLongA_hook);
+    SetWindowLongW_orig = detour::iat_try("SetWindowLongW", SetWindowLongW_hook);
+    SetWindowPos_orig = detour::iat_try("SetWindowPos", SetWindowPos_hook);
+
+    detour::iat_try("MessageBoxA", MessageBoxA_hook);
+    detour::iat_try("MessageBoxExA", MessageBoxExA_hook);
+    detour::iat_try("MessageBoxW", MessageBoxW_hook);
+    detour::iat_try("MessageBoxExW", MessageBoxExW_hook);
+
+    detour::iat_try("SetWindowsHookExA", SetWindowsHookExA_hook);
+    detour::iat_try("SetCursorPos", SetCursorPos_hook);
+}
+
+void graphics_hook_window(HWND hWnd, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters) {
+
+    // update window size for a few games
+    // TODO: make this work on everything
+    if (pPresentationParameters != nullptr && GRAPHICS_WINDOWED
+    && (avs::game::is_model({ "K39", "L39", "M39", "JMP", "LDJ" }))) {
+
+        // check dimensions
+        auto new_width = pPresentationParameters->BackBufferWidth;
+        auto new_height = pPresentationParameters->BackBufferHeight;
+        if (new_width != 0 && new_height != 0) {
+            RECT rect {};
+            GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect);
+
+            auto width = rect.right - rect.left;
+            auto height = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+
+            log_info("graphics", "resized window: {}x{} -> {}x{}", width, height, new_width, new_height);
+
+            DWORD dwStyle = GetWindowLongA(hWnd, GWL_STYLE);
+            DWORD dwExStyle = GetWindowLongA(hWnd, GWL_EXSTYLE);
+            HMENU menu = GetMenu(hWnd);
+            SetRect(&rect, 0, 0, new_width, new_height);
+            AdjustWindowRectEx(&rect, dwStyle, (menu != nullptr), dwExStyle);
+
+            // make sure the window does not go off the screen
+            if (rect.top < 0) {
+                rect.bottom += -rect.top;
+                rect.top = 0;
+            }
+
+            width = rect.right - rect.left;
+            height = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+
+            SetWindowPos(hWnd, HWND_TOP, rect.left, rect.top, width, height, 0);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // show cursor
+    if (GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR) {
+        ShowCursor(TRUE);
+    }
+
+    // capture mouse
+    if (GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CURSOR) {
+        RECT rect {};
+        GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect);
+        ClipCursor(&rect);
+    }
+
+    // hook window procedure
+    if (WNDPROC_ORIG == nullptr) {
+        WNDPROC_ORIG = reinterpret_cast<WNDPROC>(GetWindowLongPtrA(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC));
+        SetWindowLongPtrA(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(WindowProc));
+
+        // NOLEGACY causes WM_CHAR to be not received
+        // reflec beat game engine does not pass WM_CHAR through for some reason (unrelated to SpiceTouch)
+        if (!rawinput::NOLEGACY && !(avs::game::is_model({"KBR", "LBR", "MBR"}))) {
+            overlay::USE_WM_CHAR_FOR_IMGUI_CHAR_INPUT = true;
+        }
+        graphics_capture_initial_window(hWnd);
+    }
+}
+
+void graphics_add_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wnd_proc) {
+    WNDPROC_CUSTOM.push_back(wnd_proc);
+}
+
+void graphics_remove_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wndProc) {
+    for (size_t x = 0; x < WNDPROC_CUSTOM.size(); x++) {
+        if (WNDPROC_CUSTOM[x] == wndProc) {
+            WNDPROC_CUSTOM.erase(WNDPROC_CUSTOM.begin() + x);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void graphics_hook_subscreen_window(HWND hWnd) {
+    // hook window procedure
+    if (WSUB_WNDPROC_ORIG == nullptr) {
+        WSUB_WNDPROC_ORIG = reinterpret_cast<WNDPROC>(GetWindowLongPtrA(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC));
+        SetWindowLongPtrA(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(WsubWindowProc));
+    }
+}
+
+void graphics_screens_register(int screen) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(GRAPHICS_SCREENS_M);
+
+    GRAPHICS_SCREENS.insert(screen);
+}
+
+void graphics_screens_unregister(int screen) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(GRAPHICS_SCREENS_M);
+
+    GRAPHICS_SCREENS.erase(screen);
+}
+
+void graphics_screens_get(std::vector<int> &screens) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(GRAPHICS_SCREENS_M);
+
+    screens.insert(screens.end(), GRAPHICS_SCREENS.begin(), GRAPHICS_SCREENS.end());
+}
+
+void graphics_screenshot_trigger() {
+    GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_TRIGGER = true;
+}
+
+bool graphics_screenshot_consume() {
+    auto flag = GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_TRIGGER;
+    GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_TRIGGER = false;
+    return flag;
+}
+
+void graphics_capture_trigger(int screen) {
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS_M);
+
+    GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS.push_back(screen);
+}
+
+bool graphics_capture_consume(int *screen) {
+    auto flag = !GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS.empty();
+    if (flag) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS_M);
+
+        *screen = GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS.back();
+        GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_SCREENS.pop_back();
+    }
+    return flag;
+}
+
+void graphics_capture_enqueue(int screen, uint8_t *data, size_t width, size_t height) {
+    GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER_M[screen].lock();
+    auto &capture = GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER[screen];
+    capture.data.reset(data);
+    capture.width = width;
+    capture.height = height;
+    capture.timestamp = get_performance_milliseconds();
+    GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER_M[screen].unlock();
+    GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CV[screen].notify_one();
+}
+
+void graphics_capture_skip(int screen) {
+    GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CV[screen].notify_one();
+}
+
+bool graphics_capture_receive_jpeg(int screen, TooJpeg::WRITE_ONE_BYTE receiver,
+        bool rgb, int quality, bool downsample, int divide, uint64_t *timestamp,
+        int *width, int *height) {
+
+    // wait for capture event
+    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER_M[screen]);
+    GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CV[screen].wait(lock, [screen] {
+        return GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER[screen].data != nullptr;
+    });
+    auto &capture = GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_BUFFER[screen];
+    auto capture_data = capture.data;
+    auto capture_width = capture.width;
+    auto capture_height = capture.height;
+    auto capture_timestamp = capture.timestamp;
+    lock.unlock();
+
+    // validate data
+    if (!capture_data || !capture_width || !capture_height) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // divide image size
+    if (divide > 1) {
+
+        // get new resolution (round up)
+        int width_new = (capture_width + divide - 1) / divide;
+        int height_new = (capture_height + divide - 1) / divide;
+
+        // allocate new data
+        auto data_old = capture_data.get();
+        auto data_new = new uint8_t[width_new * height_new * 3];
+
+        // copy pixel data
+        int data_y = 0;
+        for (int y = 0; y < capture_height; y += divide) {
+            int data_y_offset_old = y * capture_width;
+            int data_y_offset = data_y * width_new;
+            int data_x = 0;
+            for (int x = 0; x < capture_width; x += divide) {
+                auto pixel_new = &data_new[(data_x + data_y_offset) * 3];
+                auto pixel_old = &data_old[(data_y_offset_old + x) * 3];
+                memcpy(pixel_new, pixel_old, 3);
+                data_x++;
+            }
+            data_y++;
+        }
+
+        // update capture data
+        capture_data.reset(data_new);
+        capture_width = width_new;
+        capture_height = height_new;
+    }
+
+    // compress
+    auto success = TooJpeg::writeJpeg(
+            receiver, capture_data.get(),
+            capture_width, capture_height,
+            rgb, quality, downsample);
+
+    // status
+    if (timestamp) {
+        *timestamp = capture_timestamp;
+    }
+    if (width) {
+        *width = capture_width;
+    }
+    if (height) {
+        *height = capture_height;
+    }
+
+    // clean up
+    return success;
+}
+
+std::string graphics_screenshot_genpath() {
+
+    // verify dir path
+    if (GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR.empty()) {
+        return "";
+    } else {
+        auto last_char = GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR.back();
+        if (last_char == '\\' || last_char == '/') {
+            GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR.pop_back();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // ensure the output directory exists
+    if (!fileutils::dir_exists(GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR)) {
+        if (!fileutils::dir_create_recursive(GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR)) {
+            log_warning("graphics", "could not create screenshot dir: {}", GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR);
+            return "";
+        }
+    }
+
+    // generate date prefix
+    auto t_now = std::time(nullptr);
+    auto tm_now = *std::gmtime(&t_now);
+    auto prefix = to_string(std::put_time(&tm_now, "%Y%m%d"));
+
+    // find next filename
+    size_t id = 0;
+    while (true) {
+        auto filepath = fmt::format("{}\\{}_{}.png", GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR, prefix, id);
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(filepath)) {
+            return filepath;
+        }
+
+        id++;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/graphics.h b/hooks/graphics/graphics.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcd2040
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/graphics.h
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <optional>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "external/toojpeg/toojpeg.h"
+
+// order must match spice2x_AutoOrientation UI enum order
+enum graphics_orientation {
+    ORIENTATION_CW = 0,
+    ORIENTATION_CCW = 1,
+    ORIENTATION_NORMAL = 2,
+};
+
+enum graphics_dx9on12_state {
+    DX9ON12_AUTO,
+    DX9ON12_FORCE_OFF,
+    DX9ON12_FORCE_ON,
+};
+
+// flag settings
+extern bool GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CURSOR;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_SDVX_FORCE_720;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_WINDOWED;
+extern graphics_orientation GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION;
+extern std::vector<HWND> GRAPHICS_WINDOWS;
+extern UINT GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOW;
+
+extern graphics_dx9on12_state GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_STATE;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_REQUESTED_BY_GAME;
+
+extern std::optional<int> GRAPHICS_WINDOW_STYLE;
+extern std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_WINDOW_SIZE;
+extern std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_WINDOW_POS;
+extern bool GRAPHICS_WINDOW_ALWAYS_ON_TOP;
+
+extern bool GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB;
+extern std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_SIZE;
+extern std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_POS;
+extern int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_WIDTH;
+extern int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_HEIGHT;
+extern int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_X;
+extern int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_Y;
+extern HWND TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW;
+extern HWND SDVX_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW;
+
+extern bool SUBSCREEN_FORCE_REDRAW;
+
+// settings
+extern std::string GRAPHICS_DEVICEID;
+extern std::string GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR;
+
+// Direct3D 9 settings
+extern std::optional<UINT> D3D9_ADAPTER;
+extern DWORD D3D9_BEHAVIOR_DISABLE;
+extern bool D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE;
+
+void graphics_init();
+void graphics_hook_window(HWND hWnd, D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS *pPresentationParameters);
+void graphics_add_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wndProc);
+void graphics_remove_wnd_proc(WNDPROC wndProc);
+void graphics_hook_subscreen_window(HWND hWnd);
+void graphics_screens_register(int screen);
+void graphics_screens_unregister(int screen);
+void graphics_screens_get(std::vector<int> &screens);
+void graphics_screenshot_trigger();
+bool graphics_screenshot_consume();
+void graphics_capture_trigger(int screen);
+bool graphics_capture_consume(int *screen);
+void graphics_capture_enqueue(int screen, uint8_t *data, size_t width, size_t height);
+void graphics_capture_skip(int screen);
+bool graphics_capture_receive_jpeg(int screen, TooJpeg::WRITE_ONE_BYTE receiver,
+        bool rgb = true, int quality = 80, bool downsample = true, int divide = 0,
+        uint64_t *timestamp = nullptr,
+        int *width = nullptr, int *height = nullptr);
+std::string graphics_screenshot_genpath();
+
+// graphics_windowed.cpp
+void graphics_windowed_wndproc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+void graphics_capture_initial_window(HWND hWnd);
+void graphics_update_window_style(HWND hWnd);
+void graphics_update_z_order(HWND hWnd);
+void graphics_move_resize_window(HWND hWnd);
+bool graphics_window_change_crashes_game();
+void graphics_load_windowed_subscreen_parameters();
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/graphics_windowed.cpp b/hooks/graphics/graphics_windowed.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18bbe7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/graphics_windowed.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,485 @@
+#include "graphics.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+#if 0
+#define log_debug(module, format_str, ...) logger::push( \
+    LOG_FORMAT("M", module, format_str, ## __VA_ARGS__), logger::Style::GREY)
+#else
+#define log_debug(module, format_str, ...)
+#endif
+
+void graphics_load_windowed_parameters();
+void graphics_wm_style_changed(HWND hWnd, bool changed);
+void graphics_wm_sizing_aspect_ratio(int edge, RECT& rect);
+
+std::optional<int> GRAPHICS_WINDOW_STYLE;
+std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_WINDOW_SIZE;
+std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_WINDOW_POS;
+bool GRAPHICS_WINDOW_ALWAYS_ON_TOP = false;
+
+// IIDX Windowed Subscreen - starts out as false, enabled by IIDX module on pre-attach as needed
+bool GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB = false;
+std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_SIZE;
+std::optional<std::string> GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_POS;
+int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_WIDTH = 1280;
+int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_HEIGHT = 720;
+int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_X = 0;
+int GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_Y = 0;
+
+// these flags are carefully constructed to ensure maximum compatibility
+// (e.g., DDR likes to hang when SetWindowPos is called with certain params)
+static const DWORD SETWINDOWPOS_NOOP = 
+    SWP_NOMOVE |
+    SWP_NOSIZE |
+    SWP_NOREDRAW |
+    SWP_NOCOPYBITS |
+    SWP_NOACTIVATE |
+    SWP_NOSENDCHANGING |
+    SWP_DEFERERASE |
+    SWP_NOZORDER |
+    SWP_ASYNCWINDOWPOS;
+
+void graphics_capture_initial_window(HWND hWnd) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    graphics_load_windowed_parameters();
+
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_window_style = GetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_STYLE);
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_capture_initial_window called");
+
+    RECT rect;
+    if (!GetClientRect(hWnd, &rect)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "graphics_capture_initial_window - GetClientRect failed, GLE: {}",
+            GetLastError());
+        return;
+    }
+    const int client_w = rect.right - rect.left;
+    const int client_h = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_width = client_w;
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_height = client_h;
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_aspect_ratio = (float)client_w / (float)client_h;
+    log_debug(
+        "graphics-windowed",
+        "graphics_capture_initial_window initial window size {}x{}, ratio {}",
+        client_w, client_h, cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_aspect_ratio);
+
+    // ensure frame size is captured
+    graphics_wm_style_changed(hWnd, false);
+
+    // if there was no user-supplied dimension, seed it with the current size
+    // so that the next resize operation will work
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width == 0) {
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width = client_w;
+    }
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height == 0) {
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height = client_h;
+    }
+
+    // apply the config that was loaded from disk
+    // resize must be done before applying the border
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_window_resize) {
+        log_info(
+            "graphics-windowed", "change window rect - window offset: {}x{}, client size: {}x{}",
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_x,
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_y,
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width,
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height);
+        graphics_move_resize_window(hWnd);
+    }
+    // ddr hangs when window frame doesn't have overlapped
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_decoration != cfg::WindowDecorationMode::Default) {
+        log_info(
+            "graphics-windowed", "change window style - decoration: {}",
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_decoration);
+        graphics_update_window_style(hWnd);
+    }
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_always_on_top) {
+        log_info("graphics-windowed", "change window z-order - always on top");
+        graphics_update_z_order(hWnd);
+    }
+
+    // ensure spictetouch coordinates are initialized
+    update_spicetouch_window_dimensions(hWnd);
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_capture_initial_window returned");
+}
+
+void graphics_load_windowed_parameters() {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_load_windowed_parameters called");
+    const auto remove_spaces = [](const char& c) {
+        return c == ' ';
+    };
+
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOW_STYLE.has_value()) {
+        log_debug(
+            "graphics-windowed",
+            "graphics_load_windowed_parameters - load GRAPHICS_WINDOW_STYLE");
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_decoration = GRAPHICS_WINDOW_STYLE.value();
+    }
+
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOW_SIZE.has_value()) {
+        log_debug(
+            "graphics-windowed",
+            "graphics_load_windowed_parameters - load GRAPHICS_WINDOW_SIZE");
+        uint32_t w, h;
+        auto s = GRAPHICS_WINDOW_SIZE.value();
+        s.erase(std::remove_if(s.begin(), s.end(), remove_spaces), s.end());
+        if (sscanf(s.c_str(), "%u,%u", &w, &h) == 2) {
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_window_resize = true;
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_keep_aspect_ratio = false;
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width = w;
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height = h;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("graphics-windowed", "failed to parse -windowsize");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOW_POS.has_value()) {
+        log_debug(
+            "graphics-windowed",
+            "graphics_load_windowed_parameters - load GRAPHICS_WINDOW_POS");
+        int32_t x, y;
+        auto s = GRAPHICS_WINDOW_POS.value();
+        s.erase(std::remove_if(s.begin(), s.end(), remove_spaces), s.end());
+        if (sscanf(s.c_str(), "%d,%d", &x, &y) == 2) {
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_window_resize = true;
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_x = x;
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_y = y;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("graphics-windowed", "failed to parse -windowpos");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // only override if true; don't stomp on user setting
+    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOW_ALWAYS_ON_TOP) {
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_always_on_top = true;
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_load_windowed_parameters returned");
+}
+
+void graphics_load_windowed_subscreen_parameters() {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_load_windowed_subscreen_parameters called");
+    const auto remove_spaces = [](const char& c) {
+        return c == ' ';
+    };
+    
+    if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_SIZE.has_value()) {
+        log_debug(
+            "graphics-windowed",
+            "graphics_load_windowed_parameters - load GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_SIZE");
+        uint32_t w, h;
+        auto s = GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_SIZE.value();
+        s.erase(std::remove_if(s.begin(), s.end(), remove_spaces), s.end());
+        if (sscanf(s.c_str(), "%u,%u", &w, &h) == 2) {
+            GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_WIDTH = w;
+            GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_HEIGHT = h;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("graphics-windowed", "failed to parse -wsubsize");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_POS.has_value()) {
+        log_debug(
+            "graphics-windowed",
+            "graphics_load_windowed_parameters - load GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_POS");
+        int32_t x, y;
+        auto s = GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_POS.value();
+        s.erase(std::remove_if(s.begin(), s.end(), remove_spaces), s.end());
+        if (sscanf(s.c_str(), "%d,%d", &x, &y) == 2) {
+            GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_X = x;
+            GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_Y = y;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("graphics-windowed", "failed to parse -wsubpos");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void graphics_windowed_wndproc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    switch (uMsg) {
+        case WM_MOVE: {
+            log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_windowed_wndproc called with WM_MOVE");
+            RECT rect;
+            if (GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect)) {
+                cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_x = rect.left;
+                cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_y = rect.top;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_SIZE: {
+            log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_windowed_wndproc called with WM_SIZE");
+            if (wParam == SIZE_MINIMIZED) {
+                break;
+            }
+            RECT rect;
+            if (GetClientRect(hWnd, &rect)) {
+                cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width = rect.right - rect.left;
+                cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_SIZING: {
+            if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_keep_aspect_ratio) {
+                graphics_wm_sizing_aspect_ratio(
+                    static_cast<int>(wParam), *reinterpret_cast<LPRECT>(lParam));
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_STYLECHANGED: {
+            graphics_wm_style_changed(hWnd, true);
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_GETMINMAXINFO: {
+            if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_keep_aspect_ratio) {
+                auto info = reinterpret_cast<MINMAXINFO *>(lParam);
+                info->ptMinTrackSize.y =
+                    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_height +
+                    ((info->ptMinTrackSize.x - cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_width) /
+                        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_aspect_ratio);
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void graphics_wm_style_changed(HWND hWnd, bool changed) {
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_wm_style_changed called");
+    RECT rect;
+
+    // ensure the style change takes in effect before doing the calculations
+    if (changed) {
+        // ensure client size doesn't change as a result of this
+        // since SetWindowPos will still send WM_SIZE and WM_MOVE
+        const auto client_w = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width;
+        const auto client_h = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height;
+        const auto flags = SETWINDOWPOS_NOOP | SWP_FRAMECHANGED;
+        SetWindowPos(
+            hWnd,
+            nullptr,
+            0, 0, 0, 0,
+            flags);
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width = client_w;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height = client_h;
+    }
+
+    // get window size with decoration...
+    if (!GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect)) {
+        log_warning(
+            "graphics",
+            "graphics_wm_style_changed - GetWindowRect failed, GLE: {}",
+            GetLastError());
+        return;
+    }
+    const int window_w = rect.right - rect.left;
+    const int window_h = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+
+    // get client area (without decoration)...
+    if (!GetClientRect(hWnd, &rect)) {
+        return;
+    }
+    const int client_w = rect.right - rect.left;
+    const int client_h = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+
+    // update window decoration size
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_width = window_w - client_w;
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_height = window_h - client_h;
+    log_debug(
+        "graphics-windowed",
+        "graphics_wm_style_changed updating frame dimensions {}x{}",
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_width,
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_height);
+
+    // adjust window to ensure client area remains the same
+    if (changed) {
+        graphics_move_resize_window(hWnd);
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_wm_style_changed returned");
+}
+
+void graphics_wm_sizing_aspect_ratio(int edge, RECT& rect) {
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_wm_sizing_aspect_ratio called");
+
+    const auto deco_w = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_width;
+    const auto deco_h = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_height;
+    const LONG desired_w = (rect.right - rect.left) - deco_w;
+    const LONG desired_h = (rect.bottom - rect.top) - deco_h;
+    const auto aspect_ratio = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_aspect_ratio;
+
+    // based on http://playtechs.blogspot.com/2007/10/forcing-window-to-maintain-particular.html
+    switch (edge) {
+        case WMSZ_BOTTOM:
+        case WMSZ_TOP: {
+            const LONG w = deco_w + (desired_h * aspect_ratio);
+            rect.right = rect.left + w;
+            break;
+        }
+        case WMSZ_LEFT:
+        case WMSZ_RIGHT: {
+            const LONG h = deco_h + (desired_w / aspect_ratio);
+            rect.bottom = rect.top + h;
+            break;
+        }
+        case WMSZ_TOPLEFT:
+        case WMSZ_TOPRIGHT:
+        case WMSZ_BOTTOMLEFT:
+        case WMSZ_BOTTOMRIGHT: {
+            int w;
+            int h;
+            if (desired_h * aspect_ratio < desired_w) {
+                w = rect.right - rect.left;
+                h = deco_h + (desired_w / aspect_ratio);
+            } else {
+                w = deco_w + (desired_h * aspect_ratio);
+                h = rect.bottom - rect.top;
+            }
+            if (edge == WMSZ_TOPLEFT) {
+                rect.left = rect.right - w;
+                rect.top = rect.bottom - h;
+            } else if (edge == WMSZ_TOPRIGHT) {
+                rect.right = rect.left + w;
+                rect.top = rect.bottom - h;
+            } else if (edge == WMSZ_BOTTOMLEFT) {
+                rect.left = rect.right - w;
+                rect.bottom = rect.top + h;
+            } else if (edge == WMSZ_BOTTOMRIGHT) {
+                rect.right = rect.left + w;
+                rect.bottom = rect.top + h;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_wm_sizing_aspect_ratio returned");
+}
+
+void graphics_update_window_style(HWND hWnd) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (graphics_window_change_crashes_game()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_update_window_style called");
+
+    // update frame style
+    auto style = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_window_style;
+    switch (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_decoration) {
+        case cfg::WindowDecorationMode::Borderless:
+            style &= ~WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
+            break;
+        case cfg::WindowDecorationMode::ResizableFrame:
+            style |= WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
+            break;
+        case cfg::WindowDecorationMode::Default:
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    log_debug(
+        "graphics-windowed",
+        "graphics_update_window_style - calling SetWindowLong with Mode {}, style 0x{:x}",
+        static_cast<int>(cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_decoration),
+        style);
+    SetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_STYLE, style);
+
+    // SetWindowPos must be called after SetWindowLong if the frame style changed
+    // this will be done in WM_STYLECHANGED handler
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_update_window_style returned");
+}
+
+void graphics_update_z_order(HWND hWnd) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_update_z_order called");
+
+    HWND insert_after = nullptr;
+    if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_always_on_top) {
+        insert_after = HWND_TOPMOST;
+    } else {
+        insert_after = HWND_NOTOPMOST;
+    }
+
+    auto flags = SETWINDOWPOS_NOOP;
+    flags &= ~SWP_NOZORDER;
+    SetWindowPos(
+        hWnd,
+        insert_after,
+        0, 0, 0, 0,
+        flags);
+    
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_update_z_order returned");
+}
+
+void graphics_move_resize_window(HWND hWnd) {
+    if (!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_move_resize_window called");
+
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width =
+        CLAMP(cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width, 640, 1920 * 8);
+    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height =
+        CLAMP(cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height, 480, 1080 * 8);
+
+    const auto w = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width + cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_width;
+    const auto h = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height + cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_deco_height;
+
+    auto flags = SETWINDOWPOS_NOOP;
+    flags &= ~SWP_NOSIZE;
+    flags &= ~SWP_NOMOVE;
+    SetWindowPos(
+        hWnd,
+        nullptr,
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_x,
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_y,
+        w, h,
+        flags);
+
+    log_debug("graphics-windowed", "graphics_move_resize_window returned");
+}
+
+bool graphics_window_change_crashes_game() {
+    static std::once_flag flag;
+    static bool result = false;
+    std::call_once(flag, []() {
+        // ddr crashes when frame style changes
+        result = avs::game::is_model("MDX");
+        if (result) {
+            log_warning(
+                "graphics-windowed",
+                "ignoring changes to window style due to incompatibility with this game");
+        }
+    });
+    return result;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.cpp b/hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab22fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+#include "external/nvapi/nvapi.h"
+#include "external/nvapi/NvApiDriverSettings.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "nvapi_hook.h"
+
+namespace nvapi_hook {
+
+    bool BYPASS_NVAPI = false;
+
+    typedef uintptr_t *(*NvAPI_QueryInterface_t)(unsigned int);
+    static NvAPI_QueryInterface_t NvAPI_QueryInterface_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static uintptr_t* __cdecl NvAPI_QueryInterface_hook(unsigned int func_code);
+    static NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_hook(
+        NvU32 pathInfoCount, NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *pathInfo, NvU32 flags);
+
+    void initialize(HINSTANCE dll) {
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        std::string nvapi_dll = "nvapi64.dll";
+#else
+        std::string nvapi_dll = "nvapi.dll";
+#endif
+
+        detour::trampoline_try(
+            nvapi_dll.c_str(), "nvapi_QueryInterface",
+            NvAPI_QueryInterface_hook, &NvAPI_QueryInterface_orig);
+    }
+
+    uintptr_t* __cdecl NvAPI_QueryInterface_hook(unsigned int func_code) {
+        if (BYPASS_NVAPI) {
+            log_misc(
+                "nvapi_hook",
+                "NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x{:x}) - block all calls to nvapi (-nonvapi)",
+                func_code);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig
+        if (func_code == 0x5D8CF8DE) { 
+            log_misc("nvapi_hook", "NvAPI_QueryInterface(NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig) - hooked");
+            return (uintptr_t *)NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_hook;
+        }
+        
+        // all others: let the game call nvapi directly
+        log_misc("nvapi_hook", "NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x{:x}) - pass through to nvapi", func_code);
+        return NvAPI_QueryInterface_orig(func_code);
+    }
+
+    NvAPI_Status __cdecl NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_hook(
+        NvU32 pathInfoCount, NV_DISPLAYCONFIG_PATH_INFO *pathInfo, NvU32 flags) {
+        log_misc("nvapi_hook", "NvAPI_DISP_SetDisplayConfig_hook - do nothing and return");
+        return NVAPI_OK;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.h b/hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..99e8e2d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nvapi_hook {
+    extern bool BYPASS_NVAPI;
+    void initialize(HINSTANCE dll);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.cpp b/hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f8b80c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "external/nvenc/nvEncodeAPI.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "nvenc_hook.h"
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+
+typedef NVENCSTATUS(NVENCAPI *NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_Type)(NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST*);
+static NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_Type NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_orig = nullptr;
+static PNVENCOPENENCODESESSIONEX nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx_orig = nullptr;
+static BOOL initialized = false;
+
+namespace nvenc_hook {
+
+    NVENCSTATUS nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx_hook(
+        NV_ENC_OPEN_ENCODE_SESSION_EX_PARAMS *openSessionExParams, 
+        void **encoder
+    ) {
+        WrappedIDirect3DDevice9 *wrappedDevice;
+        try {
+            wrappedDevice = (WrappedIDirect3DDevice9*)openSessionExParams->device;
+            // log_misc("nvenc_hook", 
+            //     "nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx hook hit (wrapped: {}) (real: {})", 
+            //     fmt::ptr(wrappedDevice), 
+            //     fmt::ptr(wrappedDevice->pReal)
+            // );
+            openSessionExParams->device = wrappedDevice->pReal;
+        } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
+            // log_misc("nvenc_hook", "Cannot cast to WrappedIDirect3DDevice9. D3D9 hooks might be disabled.");
+        }
+        return nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx_orig(openSessionExParams, encoder);
+    }
+
+    NVENCSTATUS NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_hook(NV_ENCODE_API_FUNCTION_LIST *pFunctionList) {        
+        // log_misc("nvenc_hook", "NvEncodeAPICreateInstance hook hit");
+        auto status = NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_orig(pFunctionList);
+
+        // The game will call NvEncodeAPICreateInstance multiple times
+        // Using a flag to avoid creating trampoline repeatedly
+        if (!initialized) {
+            // hook functions
+            detour::trampoline_try(
+                pFunctionList->nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx,
+                nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx_hook,
+                &nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx_orig);
+            // log_misc("nvenc_hook", "Created hook for nvEncOpenEncodeSessionEx");
+            initialized = true;
+        }
+
+        return status;
+    }
+
+    void initialize() {
+        HMODULE nvenc = libutils::try_library("nvEncodeAPI64.dll");
+        if (nvenc == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("nvenc_hook", "Failed to find nvEncodeAPI64.dll");
+            return;
+        }
+        bool success = detour::trampoline_try(
+            (NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_Type)libutils::try_proc(nvenc, "NvEncodeAPICreateInstance"), 
+            NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_hook, 
+            &NvEncodeAPICreateInstance_orig
+            );
+        if (success) {
+            log_misc("nvenc_hook", "Created hook for NvEncodeAPICreateInstance");
+        } else {
+            log_warning("nvenc_hook", "Failed to hook NvEncodeAPICreateInstance");
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#else
+
+namespace nvenc_hook {
+    void initialize() {
+        return;
+    }
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.h b/hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43daf76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/graphics/nvenc_hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nvenc_hook {
+    void initialize();
+}
diff --git a/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_backend.cpp b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_backend.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cefa86a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_backend.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+#include <initguid.h>
+
+#include "fake_backend.h"
+
+#include <dinput.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "fake_device.h"
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::QueryInterface(
+        REFIID riid,
+        void **ppvObj)
+{
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_IDirectInput8A ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInput8W)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::AddRef() {
+    return ++this->ref_count;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::Release() {
+    ULONG refs = --this->ref_count;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::CreateDevice(
+        REFGUID rguid,
+        LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8W *lplpDirectInputDevice,
+        LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter)
+{
+    log_misc("input::dinput8", "IDirectInput8::CreateDevice hook hit");
+
+    if (lplpDirectInputDevice == nullptr) {
+        return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+    }
+
+    if (rguid == GUID_SysKeyboard ||
+        rguid == GUID_SysMouse)
+    {
+        log_misc("input::dinput8", "returning stub device");
+
+        *lplpDirectInputDevice = new FakeIDirectInputDevice8W();
+
+        return DI_OK;
+    }
+
+    return DIERR_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::EnumDevices(
+        DWORD dwDevType,
+        LPDIENUMDEVICESCALLBACKW lpCallback,
+        LPVOID pvRef,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    log_misc("input::dinput8", "IDirectInput8::EnumDevices hook hit");
+
+    return DI_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::GetDeviceStatus(REFGUID rguidInstance) {
+    return DIERR_GENERIC;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::RunControlPanel(HWND hwndOwner, DWORD dwFlags) {
+    return DIERR_GENERIC;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::Initialize(HINSTANCE hinst, DWORD dwVersion) {
+    log_misc("input::dinput8", "IDirectInput8::Initialize({}, 0x{:x})",
+            fmt::ptr(hinst),
+            dwVersion);
+
+    return DI_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::FindDevice(
+        REFGUID rguid,
+        LPCWSTR pszName,
+        LPGUID pguidInstance)
+{
+    return DIERR_GENERIC;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::EnumDevicesBySemantics(
+        LPCWSTR ptszUserName,
+        LPDIACTIONFORMATW lpdiActionFormat,
+        LPDIENUMDEVICESBYSEMANTICSCBW lpCallback,
+        LPVOID pvRef,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_GENERIC;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInput8W::ConfigureDevices(
+        LPDICONFIGUREDEVICESCALLBACK lpdiCallback,
+        LPDICONFIGUREDEVICESPARAMSW lpdiCDParams,
+        DWORD dwFlags,
+        LPVOID pvRefData)
+{
+    return DIERR_GENERIC;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_backend.h b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_backend.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..de2b6f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_backend.h
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <dinput.h>
+
+struct FakeIDirectInput8W : IDirectInput8W {
+    explicit FakeIDirectInput8W() {
+    }
+
+    FakeIDirectInput8W(const FakeIDirectInput8W &) = delete;
+    FakeIDirectInput8W &operator=(const FakeIDirectInput8W &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~FakeIDirectInput8W() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirectInput8W
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateDevice(REFGUID rguid, LPDIRECTINPUTDEVICE8W *lplpDirectInputDevice, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumDevices(DWORD dwDevType, LPDIENUMDEVICESCALLBACKW lpCallback, LPVOID pvRef, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceStatus(REFGUID rguidInstance) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RunControlPanel(HWND hwndOwner, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Initialize(HINSTANCE hinst, DWORD dwVersion) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FindDevice(REFGUID rguid, LPCWSTR pszName, LPGUID pguidInstance) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumDevicesBySemantics(LPCWSTR ptszUserName, LPDIACTIONFORMATW lpdiActionFormat, LPDIENUMDEVICESBYSEMANTICSCBW lpCallback, LPVOID pvRef, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ConfigureDevices(LPDICONFIGUREDEVICESCALLBACK lpdiCallback, LPDICONFIGUREDEVICESPARAMSW lpdiCDParams, DWORD dwFlags, LPVOID pvRefData) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+private:
+    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_count = 1;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_device.cpp b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6ade26d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+#include <initguid.h>
+
+#include "fake_device.h"
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::QueryInterface(
+        REFIID riid,
+        void **ppvObj)
+{
+    if (ppvObj == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    if (riid == IID_IDirectInputDeviceA ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInputDeviceW ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInputDevice2A ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInputDevice2W ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInputDevice7A ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInputDevice7W ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInputDevice8A ||
+        riid == IID_IDirectInputDevice8W)
+    {
+        this->AddRef();
+        *ppvObj = this;
+
+        return S_OK;
+    }
+
+    return E_NOINTERFACE;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::AddRef() {
+    return ++this->ref_count;
+}
+ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::Release() {
+    ULONG refs = --this->ref_count;
+
+    if (refs == 0) {
+        delete this;
+    }
+
+    return refs;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetCapabilities(LPDIDEVCAPS lpDIDevCaps) {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::EnumObjects(
+        LPDIENUMDEVICEOBJECTSCALLBACKW lpCallback,
+        LPVOID pvRef,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetProperty(
+        REFGUID rguidProp,
+        LPDIPROPHEADER pdiph)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::SetProperty(
+        REFGUID rguidProp,
+        LPCDIPROPHEADER pdiph)
+{
+    return DI_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::Acquire() {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::Unacquire() {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetDeviceState(
+        DWORD cbData,
+        LPVOID lpvData)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetDeviceData(
+        DWORD cbObjectData,
+        LPDIDEVICEOBJECTDATA rgdod,
+        LPDWORD pdwInOut,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::SetDataFormat(LPCDIDATAFORMAT lpdf) {
+    return DI_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::SetEventNotification(HANDLE hEvent) {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::SetCooperativeLevel(
+        HWND hWnd,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DI_OK;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetObjectInfo(
+        LPDIDEVICEOBJECTINSTANCEW pdidoi,
+        DWORD dwObj,
+        DWORD dwHow)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetDeviceInfo(
+        LPDIDEVICEINSTANCEW pdidi)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::RunControlPanel(
+        HWND hwndOwner,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::Initialize(
+        HINSTANCE hinst,
+        DWORD dwVersion,
+        REFGUID rguid)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::CreateEffect(
+        REFGUID rguid,
+        LPCDIEFFECT lpeff,
+        LPDIRECTINPUTEFFECT *ppdeff,
+        LPUNKNOWN punkOuter)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::EnumEffects(
+        LPDIENUMEFFECTSCALLBACKW lpCallback,
+        LPVOID pvRef,
+        DWORD dwEffType)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetEffectInfo(
+        LPDIEFFECTINFOW pdei,
+        REFGUID rguid)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetForceFeedbackState(LPDWORD pdwOut) {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::SendForceFeedbackCommand(DWORD dwFlags) {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::EnumCreatedEffectObjects(
+        LPDIENUMCREATEDEFFECTOBJECTSCALLBACK lpCallback,
+        LPVOID pvRef,
+        DWORD fl)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::Escape(LPDIEFFESCAPE pesc) {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::Poll() {
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::SendDeviceData(
+        DWORD cbObjectData,
+        LPCDIDEVICEOBJECTDATA rgdod,
+        LPDWORD pdwInOut,
+        DWORD fl)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::EnumEffectsInFile(
+        LPCWSTR lpszFileName,
+        LPDIENUMEFFECTSINFILECALLBACK pec,
+        LPVOID pvRef,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::WriteEffectToFile(
+        LPCWSTR lpszFileName,
+        DWORD dwEntries,
+        LPDIFILEEFFECT rgDiFileEft,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::BuildActionMap(
+        LPDIACTIONFORMATW lpdiaf,
+        LPCWSTR lpszUserName,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::SetActionMap(
+        LPDIACTIONFORMATW lpdiaf,
+        LPCWSTR lpszUserName,
+        DWORD dwFlags)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
+HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE FakeIDirectInputDevice8W::GetImageInfo(
+        LPDIDEVICEIMAGEINFOHEADERW lpdiDevImageInfoHeader)
+{
+    return DIERR_INVALIDPARAM;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_device.h b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a42f466
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/input/dinput8/fake_device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+#include <dinput.h>
+
+struct FakeIDirectInputDevice8W : IDirectInputDevice8W {
+    explicit FakeIDirectInputDevice8W() {
+    }
+
+    FakeIDirectInputDevice8W(const FakeIDirectInputDevice8W &) = delete;
+    FakeIDirectInputDevice8W &operator=(const FakeIDirectInputDevice8W &) = delete;
+
+    virtual ~FakeIDirectInputDevice8W() = default;
+
+#pragma region IUnknown
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObj) override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() override;
+    virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirectInputDeviceW
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetCapabilities(LPDIDEVCAPS lpDIDevCaps) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumObjects(LPDIENUMDEVICEOBJECTSCALLBACKW lpCallback, LPVOID pvRef, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetProperty(REFGUID rguidProp, LPDIPROPHEADER pdiph) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetProperty(REFGUID rguidProp, LPCDIPROPHEADER pdiph) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Acquire() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Unacquire() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceState(DWORD cbData, LPVOID lpvData) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceData(DWORD cbObjectData, LPDIDEVICEOBJECTDATA rgdod, LPDWORD pdwInOut, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetDataFormat(LPCDIDATAFORMAT lpdf) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetEventNotification(HANDLE hEvent) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetCooperativeLevel(HWND hWnd, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetObjectInfo(LPDIDEVICEOBJECTINSTANCEW pdidoi, DWORD dwObj, DWORD dwHow) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetDeviceInfo(LPDIDEVICEINSTANCEW pdidi) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE RunControlPanel(HWND hwndOwner, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Initialize(HINSTANCE hinst, DWORD dwVersion, REFGUID rguid) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirectInputDevice2W
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE CreateEffect(REFGUID rguid, LPCDIEFFECT lpeff, LPDIRECTINPUTEFFECT *ppdeff, LPUNKNOWN punkOuter) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumEffects(LPDIENUMEFFECTSCALLBACKW lpCallback, LPVOID pvRef, DWORD dwEffType) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetEffectInfo(LPDIEFFECTINFOW pdei, REFGUID rguid) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetForceFeedbackState(LPDWORD pdwOut) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SendForceFeedbackCommand(DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumCreatedEffectObjects(LPDIENUMCREATEDEFFECTOBJECTSCALLBACK lpCallback, LPVOID pvRef, DWORD fl) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Escape(LPDIEFFESCAPE pesc) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE Poll() override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SendDeviceData(DWORD cbObjectData, LPCDIDEVICEOBJECTDATA rgdod, LPDWORD pdwInOut, DWORD fl) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirectInputDevice7W
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE EnumEffectsInFile(LPCWSTR lpszFileName, LPDIENUMEFFECTSINFILECALLBACK pec, LPVOID pvRef, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE WriteEffectToFile(LPCWSTR lpszFileName, DWORD dwEntries, LPDIFILEEFFECT rgDiFileEft, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+#pragma region IDirectInputDevice8W
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE BuildActionMap(LPDIACTIONFORMATW lpdiaf, LPCWSTR lpszUserName, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE SetActionMap(LPDIACTIONFORMATW lpdiaf, LPCWSTR lpszUserName, DWORD dwFlags) override;
+    virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE GetImageInfo(LPDIDEVICEIMAGEINFOHEADERW lpdiDevImageInfoHeader) override;
+#pragma endregion
+
+private:
+    std::atomic<ULONG> ref_count = 1;
+};
diff --git a/hooks/input/dinput8/hook.cpp b/hooks/input/dinput8/hook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..640c327
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/input/dinput8/hook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "hook.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <dinput.h>
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "fake_backend.h"
+
+//static decltype(DirectInput8Create) *DirectInput8Create_orig = nullptr;
+
+static HRESULT WINAPI DirectInput8Create_hook(
+        HINSTANCE hinst,
+        DWORD dwVersion,
+        REFIID riidltf,
+        LPVOID *ppvOut,
+        LPUNKNOWN punkOuter)
+{
+    log_misc("input::dinput8", "DirectInput8Create hook hit");
+
+    if (ppvOut == nullptr) {
+        return E_POINTER;
+    }
+
+    *ppvOut = new FakeIDirectInput8W();
+
+    return DI_OK;
+}
+
+void hooks::input::dinput8::init(HMODULE module) {
+
+    /*
+     * This is for the games using DirectInput for keyboard/gamepad controls themselves,
+     * for things such as debug controls. We don't want that, neither do we want the game to
+     * interfere with our RawInput stuff.
+     */
+
+    log_info("input::dinput8", "attaching...");
+
+    // patch IAT
+    detour::iat_try("DirectInput8Create", DirectInput8Create_hook, module, "dinput8.dll");
+
+    /*
+    if (DirectInput8Create_orig == nullptr) {
+        DirectInput8Create_orig = orig;
+    }
+    */
+
+    log_info("input::dinput8", "attached");
+}
diff --git a/hooks/input/dinput8/hook.h b/hooks/input/dinput8/hook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78f1626
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/input/dinput8/hook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace hooks::input::dinput8 {
+    void init(HMODULE module = nullptr);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/lang.cpp b/hooks/lang.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9d56ed6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/lang.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+#include "lang.h"
+
+#define WIN32_NO_STATUS
+#include <windows.h>
+#undef WIN32_NO_STATUS
+
+#include <winternl.h>
+#include <ntstatus.h>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+// ANSI/OEM Japanese; Japanese (Shift-JIS)
+constexpr UINT CODEPAGE_SHIFT_JIS = 932;
+
+static decltype(GetACP) *GetACP_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetOEMCP) *GetOEMCP_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(MultiByteToWideChar) *MultiByteToWideChar_orig = nullptr;
+
+static NTSTATUS NTAPI RtlMultiByteToUnicodeN_hook(
+        PWCH UnicodeString,
+        ULONG MaxBytesInUnicodeString,
+        PULONG BytesInUnicodeString,
+        const CHAR *MultiByteString,
+        ULONG BytesInMultiByteString)
+{
+    // try to convert
+    auto wc_num = MultiByteToWideChar(
+            CODEPAGE_SHIFT_JIS,
+            0,
+            MultiByteString,
+            static_cast<int>(BytesInMultiByteString),
+            UnicodeString,
+            static_cast<int>(MaxBytesInUnicodeString)
+    );
+
+    // error handling
+    if (!wc_num) {
+        auto error = GetLastError();
+
+        switch (error) {
+            case ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER:
+                return STATUS_BUFFER_TOO_SMALL;
+
+            case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER:
+            case ERROR_INVALID_FLAGS:
+                return STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER;
+
+            case ERROR_NO_UNICODE_TRANSLATION:
+                return STATUS_UNMAPPABLE_CHARACTER;
+
+            default:
+                return STATUS_UNSUCCESSFUL;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // set byte count
+    if (BytesInUnicodeString) {
+        *BytesInUnicodeString = 2 * static_cast<UINT>(wc_num);
+    }
+
+    // return success
+    return STATUS_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static UINT WINAPI GetACP_hook() {
+    return CODEPAGE_SHIFT_JIS;
+}
+
+static UINT WINAPI GetOEMCP_hook() {
+    return CODEPAGE_SHIFT_JIS;
+}
+
+static int WINAPI MultiByteToWideChar_hook(
+        UINT CodePage,
+        DWORD dwFlags,
+        LPCCH lpMultiByteStr,
+        int cbMultiByte,
+        LPWSTR lpWideCharStr,
+        int cchWideChar)
+{
+    switch (CodePage) {
+        case CP_ACP:
+        case CP_THREAD_ACP:
+
+            // this fixes pop'n music's mojibake issue with the system locale not set to Japanese
+            SetThreadLocale(MAKELANGID(LANG_JAPANESE, SUBLANG_JAPANESE_JAPAN));
+
+            CodePage = CODEPAGE_SHIFT_JIS;
+
+            break;
+
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    return MultiByteToWideChar_orig(
+            CodePage,
+            dwFlags,
+            lpMultiByteStr,
+            cbMultiByte,
+            lpWideCharStr,
+            cchWideChar);
+}
+
+void hooks::lang::early_init() {
+    log_info("hooks::lang", "early initialization");
+
+    // hooking these two functions fixes the jubeat mojibake
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetACP", GetACP_hook, &GetACP_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetOEMCP", GetOEMCP_hook, &GetOEMCP_orig);
+}
+
+void hooks::lang::init() {
+    log_info("hooks::lang", "initializing");
+
+    detour::iat_try("RtlMultiByteToUnicodeN", RtlMultiByteToUnicodeN_hook, nullptr, "ntdll.dll");
+
+    MultiByteToWideChar_orig = detour::iat_try(
+            "MultiByteToWideChar",
+            MultiByteToWideChar_hook,
+            nullptr,
+            "kernel32.dll");
+}
+
+bool hooks::lang::is_native_shiftjis() {
+    return GetACP() == CODEPAGE_SHIFT_JIS;
+}
diff --git a/hooks/lang.h b/hooks/lang.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f5c100
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/lang.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace hooks::lang {
+    void early_init();
+    void init();
+    bool is_native_shiftjis();
+}
diff --git a/hooks/libraryhook.cpp b/hooks/libraryhook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e981586
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/libraryhook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#include "libraryhook.h"
+
+#include "external/robin_hood.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+static bool LHOOK_ENABLED = false;
+static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, HMODULE> LIBRARIES_A;
+static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::wstring, HMODULE> LIBRARIES_W;
+static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, FARPROC> PROCS;
+
+static decltype(LoadLibraryA) *LoadLibraryA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(LoadLibraryW) *LoadLibraryW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetModuleHandleA) *GetModuleHandleA_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetModuleHandleW) *GetModuleHandleW_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(GetProcAddress) *GetProcAddress_orig = nullptr;
+
+static HMODULE WINAPI LoadLibraryA_hook(LPCTSTR lpFileName) {
+
+    // check hooks
+    if (lpFileName) {
+        auto module = LIBRARIES_A.find(lpFileName);
+        if (module != LIBRARIES_A.end()) {
+            return module->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return LoadLibraryA_orig(lpFileName);
+}
+
+static HMODULE WINAPI LoadLibraryW_hook(LPCWSTR lpFileName) {
+
+    // check hooks
+    if (lpFileName) {
+        auto module = LIBRARIES_W.find(lpFileName);
+        if (module != LIBRARIES_W.end()) {
+            return module->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return LoadLibraryW_orig(lpFileName);
+}
+
+static HMODULE WINAPI GetModuleHandleA_hook(LPCSTR lpModuleName) {
+
+    // check hooks
+    if (lpModuleName) {
+        auto module = LIBRARIES_A.find(lpModuleName);
+        if (module != LIBRARIES_A.end()) {
+            return module->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return GetModuleHandleA_orig(lpModuleName);
+}
+
+static HMODULE WINAPI GetModuleHandleW_hook(LPCWSTR lpModuleName) {
+
+    // check hooks
+    if (lpModuleName) {
+        auto module = LIBRARIES_W.find(lpModuleName);
+        if (module != LIBRARIES_W.end()) {
+            return module->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return GetModuleHandleW_orig(lpModuleName);
+}
+
+static FARPROC WINAPI GetProcAddress_hook(HMODULE hModule, LPCSTR lpProcName) {
+
+    // check for ordinal
+    if (reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(lpProcName) <= UINT16_MAX) {
+
+        // fallback
+        return GetProcAddress_orig(hModule, lpProcName);
+    }
+
+    // check hooks
+    if (lpProcName) {
+        auto proc = PROCS.find(lpProcName);
+        if (proc != PROCS.end()) {
+            return proc->second;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return GetProcAddress_orig(hModule, lpProcName);
+}
+
+void libraryhook_enable(HMODULE module) {
+    log_info("libraryhook", "LibraryHook Attach");
+
+    if (LHOOK_ENABLED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // detour
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryA", LoadLibraryA_hook, &LoadLibraryA_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "LoadLibraryW", LoadLibraryW_hook, &LoadLibraryW_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetModuleHandleA", GetModuleHandleA_hook, &GetModuleHandleA_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetModuleHandleW", GetModuleHandleW_hook, &GetModuleHandleW_orig);
+    detour::trampoline_try("kernel32.dll", "GetProcAddress", GetProcAddress_hook, &GetProcAddress_orig);
+
+    // set enabled
+    LHOOK_ENABLED = true;
+}
+
+void libraryhook_hook_library(std::string library_name, HMODULE library_address) {
+
+    // add library to list
+    LIBRARIES_W.insert_or_assign(s2ws(library_name), library_address);
+    LIBRARIES_A.insert_or_assign(std::move(library_name), library_address);
+}
+
+void libraryhook_hook_proc(std::string proc_name, FARPROC proc_address) {
+
+    // add proc to list
+    PROCS.insert_or_assign(std::move(proc_name), proc_address);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/libraryhook.h b/hooks/libraryhook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78b7a53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/libraryhook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+void libraryhook_enable(HMODULE module = nullptr);
+void libraryhook_hook_library(std::string library_name, HMODULE library_address);
+void libraryhook_hook_proc(std::string proc_name, FARPROC proc_address);
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void libraryhook_hook_proc(std::string proc_name, T proc_address) {
+    libraryhook_hook_proc(std::move(proc_name), reinterpret_cast<FARPROC>(proc_address));
+}
diff --git a/hooks/networkhook.cpp b/hooks/networkhook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3422ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/networkhook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#include <winsock2.h>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <iphlpapi.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string>
+
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+
+// hooking related stuff
+static decltype(GetAdaptersInfo) *GetAdaptersInfo_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(bind) *bind_orig = nullptr;
+
+// settings
+std::string NETWORK_ADDRESS = "10.9.0.0";
+std::string NETWORK_SUBNET = "255.255.0.0";
+static bool GetAdaptersInfo_log = true;
+
+// network structs
+static struct in_addr network;
+static struct in_addr prefix;
+static struct in_addr subnet;
+
+static ULONG WINAPI GetAdaptersInfo_hook(PIP_ADAPTER_INFO pAdapterInfo, PULONG pOutBufLen) {
+
+    // call orig
+    ULONG ret = GetAdaptersInfo_orig(pAdapterInfo, pOutBufLen);
+    if (ret != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+
+        // workaround for QMA not having enough buffer space
+        if (pAdapterInfo != nullptr && avs::game::is_model({ "LMA", "MMA" })) {
+
+            // allocate the output buffer size
+            auto pAdapterInfo2 = (PIP_ADAPTER_INFO) malloc(*pOutBufLen);
+
+            // call ourself with an appropriate buffer size
+            ret = GetAdaptersInfo_hook(pAdapterInfo2, pOutBufLen);
+            if (ret != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+                return ret;
+            }
+
+            // copy best interface
+            memcpy(pAdapterInfo, pAdapterInfo2, sizeof(*pAdapterInfo));
+            pAdapterInfo->Next = nullptr;
+
+            // free our allocated memory
+            free(pAdapterInfo2);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // set the best network adapter
+    PIP_ADAPTER_INFO info = pAdapterInfo;
+    while (info != nullptr) {
+
+        // set subnet
+        struct in_addr info_subnet;
+        info_subnet.s_addr = inet_addr(info->IpAddressList.IpMask.String);
+
+        // set prefix
+        struct in_addr info_prefix;
+        info_prefix.s_addr = inet_addr(info->IpAddressList.IpAddress.String) & info_subnet.s_addr;
+
+        // check base IP and subnet
+        bool isCorrectBaseIp = prefix.s_addr == info_prefix.s_addr;
+        bool isCorrectSubnetMask = subnet.s_addr == info_subnet.s_addr;
+
+        // check if requirements are met
+        if (isCorrectBaseIp && isCorrectSubnetMask) {
+
+            // log adapter
+            if (GetAdaptersInfo_log)
+                log_info("network", "Using preferred network adapter: {}, {}",
+                        info->AdapterName,
+                        info->Description);
+
+            // set adapter information
+            memcpy(pAdapterInfo, info, sizeof(*info));
+            pAdapterInfo->Next = nullptr;
+
+            // we're done
+            GetAdaptersInfo_log = false;
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        // iterate
+        info = info->Next;
+    }
+
+    // get IP forward table
+    PMIB_IPFORWARDTABLE pIpForwardTable = (MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE *) malloc(sizeof(MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE));
+    DWORD dwSize = 0;
+    if (GetIpForwardTable(pIpForwardTable, &dwSize, 1) == ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+        free(pIpForwardTable);
+        pIpForwardTable = (MIB_IPFORWARDTABLE *) malloc(dwSize);
+    }
+    if (GetIpForwardTable(pIpForwardTable, &dwSize, 1) != NO_ERROR || pIpForwardTable->dwNumEntries == 0)
+        return ret;
+
+    // determine best interface
+    DWORD best = pIpForwardTable->table[0].dwForwardIfIndex;
+    free(pIpForwardTable);
+
+    // find fallback adapter
+    info = pAdapterInfo;
+    while (info != nullptr) {
+
+        // check if this the adapter we search for
+        if (info->Index == best) {
+
+            // log information
+            if (GetAdaptersInfo_log)
+                log_info("network", "Using fallback network adapter: {}, {}",
+                        info->AdapterName,
+                        info->Description);
+
+
+            // set adapter information
+            memcpy(pAdapterInfo, info, sizeof(*info));
+            pAdapterInfo->Next = nullptr;
+
+            // exit the loop
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // iterate
+        info = info->Next;
+    }
+
+    // return original value
+    GetAdaptersInfo_log = false;
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static int WINAPI bind_hook(SOCKET s, const struct sockaddr *name, int namelen) {
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma ide diagnostic ignored "OCDFAInspection"
+
+    // cast to sockaddr_in
+    struct sockaddr_in *in_name = (struct sockaddr_in *) name;
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+    // override bind to allow all hosts
+    in_name->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("0.0.0.0");
+
+    // call original
+    int ret = bind_orig(s, name, namelen);
+    if (ret != 0) {
+        log_warning("network", "bind failed: {}", WSAGetLastError());
+    }
+
+    // return result
+    return ret;
+}
+
+void networkhook_init() {
+
+    // announce init
+    log_info("network", "SpiceTools Network");
+
+    // set some same defaults
+    network.s_addr = inet_addr(NETWORK_ADDRESS.c_str());
+    subnet.s_addr = inet_addr(NETWORK_SUBNET.c_str());
+    prefix.s_addr = network.s_addr & subnet.s_addr;
+
+    // inet_ntoa(...) reuses the same char array so the results must be copied
+    char s_network[17]{}, s_subnet[17]{}, s_prefix[17]{};
+    strncpy(s_network, inet_ntoa(network), 16);
+    strncpy(s_subnet, inet_ntoa(subnet), 16);
+    strncpy(s_prefix, inet_ntoa(prefix), 16);
+
+    // log preferences
+    log_info("network", "Network preferences: {}", s_network, s_subnet, s_prefix);
+
+    // GetAdaptersInfo hook
+    auto orig_addr = detour::iat_try(
+        "GetAdaptersInfo", GetAdaptersInfo_hook, nullptr);
+    if (!orig_addr) {
+        log_warning("network", "Could not hook GetAdaptersInfo");
+    } else if (GetAdaptersInfo_orig == nullptr) {
+        GetAdaptersInfo_orig = orig_addr;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Bind Hook
+     */
+    bool bind_hook_enabled = true;
+
+    // disable hook for DDR A since the bind hook crashes there for some reason
+    if (fileutils::file_exists(MODULE_PATH / "gamemdx.dll")) {
+        bind_hook_enabled = false;
+    }
+
+    // hook bind
+    if (bind_hook_enabled) {
+
+        // hook by name
+        auto new_bind_orig = detour::iat_try("bind", bind_hook, nullptr);
+        if (bind_orig == nullptr) {
+            bind_orig = new_bind_orig;
+        }
+
+        // hook ESS by ordinal
+        HMODULE ess = libutils::try_module("ess.dll");
+        if (ess) {
+            auto new_bind_orig2 = detour::iat_try_ordinal("WS2_32.dll", 2, bind_hook, ess);
+
+            // try to get some valid pointer
+            if (bind_orig == nullptr && new_bind_orig2 != nullptr) {
+                bind_orig = new_bind_orig2;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/networkhook.h b/hooks/networkhook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f766ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/networkhook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+extern std::string NETWORK_ADDRESS;
+extern std::string NETWORK_SUBNET;
+
+void networkhook_init();
diff --git a/hooks/powrprof.cpp b/hooks/powrprof.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c7cc7bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/powrprof.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#include "powrprof.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <powrprof.h>
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+/*
+ * These hooks are required because Sound Voltex Exceed Gear sets `GUID_PROCESSOR_IDLE_DISABLE` to
+ * minimize CPU idle downclocking. While this may be good for cab use, it causes unnecessary power
+ * usage, battery drain on laptops, and requires a manual `powercfg` command to fix later on, which
+ * is annoying.
+ */
+
+//static decltype(PowerGetActiveScheme) *PowerGetActiveScheme_orig = nullptr;
+//static decltype(PowerSetActiveScheme) *PowerSetActiveScheme_orig = nullptr;
+//static decltype(PowerWriteACValueIndex) *PowerWriteACValueIndex_orig = nullptr;
+
+static DWORD WINAPI PowerGetActiveScheme_hook(HKEY UserRootPowerKey, GUID **ActivePolicyGuid) {
+
+    // stubbed
+    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static DWORD WINAPI PowerSetActiveScheme_hook(HKEY UserRootPowerKey, const GUID *SchemeGuid) {
+
+    // stubbed
+    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static DWORD WINAPI PowerWriteACValueIndex_hook(
+        HKEY RootPowerKey,
+        const GUID *SchemeGuid,
+        const GUID *SubGroupOfPowerSettingsGuid,
+        const GUID *PowerSettingGuid,
+        DWORD AcValueIndex)
+{
+    // stubbed
+    return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+void powrprof_hook_init(HMODULE module) {
+    log_info("powrprof", "initializing");
+
+    detour::iat_try("PowerGetActiveScheme", &PowerGetActiveScheme_hook, module);
+    detour::iat_try("PowerSetActiveScheme", &PowerSetActiveScheme_hook, module);
+    detour::iat_try("PowerWriteACValueIndex", &PowerWriteACValueIndex_hook, module);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/powrprof.h b/hooks/powrprof.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3614c21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/powrprof.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+void powrprof_hook_init(HMODULE module);
diff --git a/hooks/rom.cpp b/hooks/rom.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b309f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/rom.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#include "rom.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+
+namespace hooks::rom {
+
+    static std::string MODEL;
+
+    class ROMFileHandle : public CustomHandle {
+    private:
+        int offset = 0;
+
+    public:
+
+        bool open(LPCWSTR lpFileName) override {
+            if (wcsicmp(lpFileName, L"D:\\001rom.txt")
+            && wcsicmp(lpFileName, L"D:\\\\001rom.txt")) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            log_info("romhook", "opened 001rom.txt");
+            offset = 0;
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        int read(LPVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead) override {
+            int ret = 0;
+            for (int i = 0; i < (signed) MIN(nNumberOfBytesToRead, MODEL.length() - offset); i++) {
+                *((char*) lpBuffer + i) = MODEL[i + offset];
+                ret++;
+            }
+            offset += ret;
+            if (offset == (int) MODEL.length()) {
+                log_info("romhook", "read complete: {}", MODEL);
+            }
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        int write(LPCVOID lpBuffer, DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite) override {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        int device_io(DWORD dwIoControlCode, LPVOID lpInBuffer, DWORD nInBufferSize,
+                LPVOID lpOutBuffer, DWORD nOutBufferSize) override {
+            return -1;
+        }
+
+        bool close() override {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        void file_info(LPBY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION lpFileInformation) override {
+            *lpFileInformation = BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION {};
+            lpFileInformation->nFileSizeLow = MODEL.length();
+        }
+    };
+
+    void init() {
+        log_info("romhook", "init");
+
+        // populate model
+        if (MODEL.empty()) {
+            MODEL = avs::game::MODEL;
+        }
+
+        // add device hook
+        devicehook_init();
+        devicehook_add(new ROMFileHandle());
+    }
+
+    void set_model(const std::string &model) {
+        MODEL = model;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/rom.h b/hooks/rom.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cdc574
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/rom.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace hooks::rom {
+
+    void init();
+    void set_model(const std::string &model);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/setupapihook.cpp b/hooks/setupapihook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4fa2db5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/setupapihook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+#include "setupapihook.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <setupapi.h>
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+// constants
+static const GUID GUID_ZERO = { 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, { 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0, 0x0 } };
+
+// state
+static std::vector<SETUPAPI_SETTINGS> SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST;
+
+// original function pointers
+static decltype(SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList) *SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo) *SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces) *SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiGetClassDevsA) *SetupDiGetClassDevsA_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiGetClassDevsW) *SetupDiGetClassDevsW_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiGetDeviceInfoListDetailA) *SetupDiGetDeviceInfoListDetailA_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA) *SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA) *SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW) *SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW_real = nullptr;
+static decltype(SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA) *SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA_real = nullptr;
+
+static HDEVINFO WINAPI SetupDiGetClassDevsA_hook(
+    const GUID *ClassGuid,
+    LPCSTR Enumerator,
+    HWND hwndParent,
+    DWORD Flags
+) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        const SETUPAPI_SETTINGS *settings = &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+        const GUID *guid = ClassGuid ? ClassGuid : &GUID_ZERO;
+
+        if (!memcmp(guid, settings->class_guid, 16)) {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+            return (HDEVINFO) &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiGetClassDevsA_real(ClassGuid, Enumerator, hwndParent, Flags);
+}
+
+static HDEVINFO WINAPI SetupDiGetClassDevsW_hook(
+    const GUID *ClassGuid,
+    LPCWSTR Enumerator,
+    HWND hwndParent,
+    DWORD Flags
+) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        const SETUPAPI_SETTINGS *settings = &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+
+        if (ClassGuid && !memcmp(ClassGuid, settings->class_guid, 16)) {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+            return (HDEVINFO) &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiGetClassDevsW_real(ClassGuid, Enumerator, hwndParent, Flags);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo_hook(
+    HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,
+    DWORD MemberIndex,
+    PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData
+) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i]) {
+            if (MemberIndex) {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS);
+                return false;
+            } else {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo_real(DeviceInfoSet, MemberIndex, DeviceInfoData);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces_hook(
+    HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,
+    PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData,
+    const GUID *InterfaceClassGuid,
+    DWORD MemberIndex,
+    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData
+) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i]) {
+            SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+            return MemberIndex == 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces_real(DeviceInfoSet, DeviceInfoData, InterfaceClassGuid, MemberIndex,
+            DeviceInterfaceData);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA_hook(
+    HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,
+    PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData,
+    DWORD Property,
+    PDWORD PropertyRegDataType,
+    PBYTE PropertyBuffer,
+    DWORD PropertyBufferSize,
+    PDWORD RequiredSize
+) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        const SETUPAPI_SETTINGS *settings = &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == settings) {
+
+            // dummy data
+            const void *property_data = nullptr;
+            DWORD property_size = 0;
+            static int property_index = 0;
+
+            // get property data
+            switch (Property) {
+                case SPDRP_DEVICEDESC:
+                    property_data = settings->property_devicedesc;
+                    property_size = (DWORD) (strlen(settings->property_devicedesc) + 1);
+                    break;
+                case SPDRP_HARDWAREID:
+                    property_data = settings->property_hardwareid;
+                    property_size = (DWORD) (strlen(settings->property_hardwareid) + 1);
+                    break;
+                case SPDRP_ADDRESS:
+                    /*
+                     * The property index thing is just because IIDX 25+ requires two different addresses to
+                     * be spoofed for cameras. Doing this in a clean way requires a complete hook rewrite.
+                     */
+                    property_data = &settings->property_address[property_index];
+                    property_size = sizeof(DWORD);
+                    property_index = (property_index + 1) & 1;
+                    break;
+                case SPDRP_DRIVER:
+                    // hides warnings from IIDX
+                    property_data = "";
+                    property_size = 0;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    log_warning("setupapi", "unknown property type: {}", Property);
+
+                    SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_DATA);
+
+                    return false;
+            }
+
+            // check buffer size
+            if (PropertyBufferSize < property_size) {
+                if (RequiredSize) {
+                    *RequiredSize = property_size;
+                }
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // write property
+            if (PropertyRegDataType) {
+                *PropertyRegDataType = 1;
+            }
+            memcpy(PropertyBuffer, property_data, property_size);
+            SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA_real(DeviceInfoSet, DeviceInfoData, Property, PropertyRegDataType,
+            PropertyBuffer, PropertyBufferSize, RequiredSize);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA_hook(
+    HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,
+    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData,
+    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_A DeviceInterfaceDetailData,
+    DWORD DeviceInterfaceDetailDataSize,
+    PDWORD RequiredSize,
+    PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData
+) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        const SETUPAPI_SETTINGS *settings = &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == settings) {
+
+            // get data length
+            DWORD data_size = (DWORD) (strlen(settings->interface_detail) + 1);
+
+            // check size
+            if (DeviceInterfaceDetailDataSize < data_size) {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                *RequiredSize = sizeof(DeviceInterfaceDetailData->cbSize) + data_size;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // clear error
+            SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+
+            // copy data size + data
+            DeviceInterfaceDetailData->cbSize = data_size;
+            memcpy(DeviceInterfaceDetailData->DevicePath, settings->interface_detail, data_size);
+
+            // success
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA_real(DeviceInfoSet, DeviceInterfaceData, DeviceInterfaceDetailData,
+            DeviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, RequiredSize, DeviceInfoData);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW_hook(
+    HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,
+    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA DeviceInterfaceData,
+    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA_W DeviceInterfaceDetailData,
+    DWORD DeviceInterfaceDetailDataSize,
+    PDWORD RequiredSize,
+    PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData
+) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        const SETUPAPI_SETTINGS *settings = &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == settings) {
+
+            // convert to wstring
+            std::wstring ws = s2ws(std::string(settings->interface_detail));
+
+            // get data length
+            DWORD data_size = (DWORD) (ws.length() * 2 + 2);
+            DWORD struct_size = data_size + sizeof(DWORD);
+
+            // check size
+            if (DeviceInterfaceDetailDataSize < struct_size) {
+                SetLastError(ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER);
+                *RequiredSize = sizeof(DeviceInterfaceDetailData->cbSize) + struct_size;
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // clear error
+            SetLastError(ERROR_SUCCESS);
+
+            // copy data size + data
+            DeviceInterfaceDetailData->cbSize = struct_size;
+            memcpy(DeviceInterfaceDetailData->DevicePath, ws.c_str(), data_size);
+
+            // success
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW_real(DeviceInfoSet, DeviceInterfaceData, DeviceInterfaceDetailData,
+            DeviceInterfaceDetailDataSize, RequiredSize, DeviceInfoData);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA_hook(HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet, PSP_DEVINFO_DATA DeviceInfoData, PSTR DeviceInstanceId, DWORD DeviceInstanceIdSize, PDWORD RequiredSize) {
+    log_misc("setupapi", "SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA hook hit ({}, {}, {}, {}, {})", fmt::ptr(DeviceInfoSet), fmt::ptr(DeviceInfoData), fmt::ptr(DeviceInstanceId), DeviceInstanceIdSize, fmt::ptr(RequiredSize));
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        const SETUPAPI_SETTINGS *settings = &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i];
+
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == settings) {
+            log_misc("setupapi", "returning device instance: {}", settings->property_hardwareid);
+
+            strncpy(DeviceInstanceId, settings->property_hardwareid, DeviceInstanceIdSize);
+
+            if (RequiredSize) {
+                *RequiredSize = 0;
+            }
+
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA_real(DeviceInfoSet, DeviceInfoData, DeviceInstanceId, DeviceInstanceIdSize, RequiredSize);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList_hook(HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet) {
+
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i]) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList_real(DeviceInfoSet);
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetupDiGetDeviceInfoListDetailA_hook(HDEVINFO DeviceInfoSet,
+                                                        PSP_DEVINFO_LIST_DETAIL_DATA DeviceInfoSetDetailData) {
+    // custom
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.size(); i++) {
+        if (DeviceInfoSet == &SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST[i]) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // fallback
+    return SetupDiGetDeviceInfoListDetailA_real(DeviceInfoSet, DeviceInfoSetDetailData);
+}
+
+void setupapihook_init(HINSTANCE module) {
+
+    // check for skip
+    if (!detour::iat_find("SetupDiGetClassDevsA", module) && !detour::iat_find("SetupDiGetClassDevsW", module)) {
+        log_info("setupapi", "no usage detected in module");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // hook functions
+    SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList", SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList_hook, module);
+    SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo", SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo_hook, module);
+    SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces", SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces_hook, module);
+    SetupDiGetClassDevsA_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiGetClassDevsA", SetupDiGetClassDevsA_hook, module);
+    SetupDiGetClassDevsW_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiGetClassDevsW", SetupDiGetClassDevsW_hook, module);
+    SetupDiGetDeviceInfoListDetailA_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiGetDeviceInfoListDetailA", SetupDiGetDeviceInfoListDetailA_hook, module);
+    SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA", SetupDiGetDeviceInstanceIdA_hook, module);
+    SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA", SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailA_hook, module);
+    SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW", SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetailW_hook, module);
+    SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA_real = detour::iat_try(
+            "SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA", SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryPropertyA_hook, module);
+}
+
+void setupapihook_add(SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings) {
+    SETUPAPI_SETTINGS_LIST.push_back(settings);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/setupapihook.h b/hooks/setupapihook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..da1685c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/setupapihook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+struct SETUPAPI_SETTINGS {
+    unsigned int class_guid[4] {};
+    char property_devicedesc[256] {};
+    char property_hardwareid[256] {};
+    DWORD property_address[2] {};
+    char interface_detail[256] {};
+};
+
+void setupapihook_init(HINSTANCE module);
+void setupapihook_add(SETUPAPI_SETTINGS settings);
diff --git a/hooks/sleephook.cpp b/hooks/sleephook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a91f1f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/sleephook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#include "sleephook.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+
+// settings
+static DWORD SLEEPHOOK_MS_MAX;
+static DWORD SLEEPHOOK_MS_REPLACE;
+
+static decltype(Sleep) *Sleep_orig = nullptr;
+static decltype(SleepEx) *SleepEx_orig = nullptr;
+
+static VOID WINAPI Sleep_hook(DWORD dwMilliseconds) {
+    if (dwMilliseconds > SLEEPHOOK_MS_MAX) {
+        dwMilliseconds = SLEEPHOOK_MS_REPLACE;
+    }
+
+    Sleep_orig(dwMilliseconds);
+}
+
+static DWORD WINAPI SleepEx_hook(DWORD dwMilliseconds, BOOL bAltertable) {
+    if (dwMilliseconds > SLEEPHOOK_MS_MAX) {
+        dwMilliseconds = SLEEPHOOK_MS_REPLACE;
+    }
+
+    return SleepEx_orig(dwMilliseconds, bAltertable);
+}
+
+void hooks::sleep::init(DWORD ms_max, DWORD ms_replace, HMODULE module) {
+
+    // auto module
+    if (!module) {
+        module = avs::game::DLL_INSTANCE;
+    }
+
+    // settings
+    SLEEPHOOK_MS_MAX = ms_max;
+    SLEEPHOOK_MS_REPLACE = ms_replace;
+
+    // hook functions
+    Sleep_orig = detour::iat_try("Sleep", Sleep_hook, module);
+    SleepEx_orig = detour::iat_try("SleepEx", SleepEx_hook, module);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/sleephook.h b/hooks/sleephook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..794644e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/sleephook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace hooks::sleep {
+    void init(DWORD ms_max, DWORD ms_replace, HMODULE module = nullptr);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/unisintrhook.cpp b/hooks/unisintrhook.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..69b0028
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/unisintrhook.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+#include "unisintrhook.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+
+bool CreateInstance() {
+    return true;
+}
+
+int GetGMT() {
+
+    // fallback to avs clock
+    return -1;
+}
+
+int GetQRcodeLen(void*) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void GetQRcodeURL(void*, char* dest) {
+}
+
+void InitModel(char* model, int) {
+}
+
+void InitPlayerCount(int players) {
+}
+
+void InitPrivilege(int) {
+}
+
+void InitVersion(int unis_ver_major, int unis_ver_minor) {
+}
+
+bool IsConnectServer(void) {
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC") || avs::game::is_model("REC")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool IsInComm(void) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool IsPlayerForbidState(int) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+void RcfAddCoin(void* callback) {}
+void RcfCommFailed(void* callback) {}
+void RcfCommSucceed(void* callback) {}
+void RcfCountdown(void* callback) {}
+void RcfDebugLog(void* callback) {}
+void RcfGameSwitch(void* callback) {}
+void RcfMachineEffects(void* callback) {}
+void RcfMachineMode(void* callback) {}
+void RcfOtherInfo(void* callback) {}
+void RcfPayoutFailed(void* callback) {}
+void RcfPayoutSucceed(void* callback) {}
+void RcfPlayerInfo(void* callback) {}
+void RcfPrintTicket(void* callback) {}
+void RcfPrivilege(void* callback) {}
+void RcfRankingResult(void* callback) {}
+void RcfRecvComm(void* callback) {}
+void RcfRecvPayout(void* callback) {}
+void RcfRecvTransp(void* callback) {}
+void RcfTranspFailed(void* callback) {}
+void RcfTranspSucceed(void* callback) {}
+void RcfWinPrize(void* callback) {}
+
+int RefreshPlayerState(int player) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void ReleaseInstance(void) {
+}
+
+int SendCoinSignal(int, int, int) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int SendTransp(int, int) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void StartDevice(void) {
+}
+
+void unisintrhook_init(void) {
+
+    // check for module
+    auto unisintr = libutils::try_module("unisintr.dll");
+    if (unisintr != nullptr) {
+        log_info("unisintrhook", "attaching...");
+
+        // TODO: SDVX CN doesn't like this...?
+        if (!avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+            detour::iat_try("GetGMT", GetGMT, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        }
+
+        // hooks
+        detour::iat_try("CreateInstance", CreateInstance, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("GetQRcodeLen", GetQRcodeLen, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("GetQRcodeURL", GetQRcodeURL, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("InitModel", InitModel, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("InitPlayerCount", InitPlayerCount, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("InitPrivilege", InitPrivilege, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("InitVersion", InitVersion, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("IsConnectServer", IsConnectServer, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("IsInComm", IsInComm, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("IsPlayerForbidState", IsPlayerForbidState, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfAddCoin", RcfAddCoin, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfCommFailed", RcfCommFailed, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfCommSucceed", RcfCommSucceed, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfCountdown", RcfCountdown, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfDebugLog", RcfDebugLog, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfGameSwitch", RcfGameSwitch, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfMachineEffects", RcfMachineEffects, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfMachineMode", RcfMachineMode, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfOtherInfo", RcfOtherInfo, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfPayoutFailed", RcfPayoutFailed, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfPayoutSucceed", RcfPayoutSucceed, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfPlayerInfo", RcfPlayerInfo, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfPrintTicket", RcfPrintTicket, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfPrivilege", RcfPrivilege, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfRankingResult", RcfRankingResult, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfRecvComm", RcfRecvComm, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfRecvPayout", RcfRecvPayout, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfRecvTransp", RcfRecvTransp, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfTranspFailed", RcfTranspFailed, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfTranspSucceed", RcfTranspSucceed, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RcfWinPrize", RcfWinPrize, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("RefreshPlayerState", RefreshPlayerState, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("ReleaseInstance", ReleaseInstance, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("SendCoinSignal", SendCoinSignal, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("SendTransp", SendTransp, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+        detour::iat_try("StartDevice", StartDevice, nullptr, "unisintr.dll");
+
+        log_info("unisintrhook", "attached");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/hooks/unisintrhook.h b/hooks/unisintrhook.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cf067f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/unisintrhook.h
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void unisintrhook_init(void);
diff --git a/hooks/winuser.cpp b/hooks/winuser.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..830bc6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/winuser.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "winuser.h"
+
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+// hooks to prevent display scaling changes (e.g., SDVX)
+
+static decltype(DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo) *DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo_real = nullptr;
+
+static LONG WINAPI DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo_hook(DISPLAYCONFIG_DEVICE_INFO_HEADER *setPacket) {
+    // seems to be using some undocumented API to change the monitor scaling (type == -4)
+    if (setPacket && setPacket->type == 0xFFFFFFFC) {
+        log_misc("winuser", "DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo_hook: ignoring request to change monitor scaling");
+        return ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    }
+    return DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo_real(setPacket);
+}
+
+void winuser_hook_init(HMODULE module) {
+    log_info("winuser", "initializing");
+    DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo_real =
+        detour::iat_try("DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo", DisplayConfigSetDeviceInfo_hook, module);
+}
diff --git a/hooks/winuser.h b/hooks/winuser.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4cb60de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/hooks/winuser.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+void winuser_hook_init(HMODULE module);
diff --git a/launcher/launcher.cpp b/launcher/launcher.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fc8a259
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/launcher.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1971 @@
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <shlwapi.h>
+#include <cfg/configurator.h>
+
+#include "acio/acio.h"
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "api/controller.h"
+#include "avs/automap.h"
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "build/defs.h"
+#include "cfg/spicecfg.h"
+#include "cfg/config.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "easrv/easrv.h"
+#include "external/cardio/cardio_runner.h"
+#include "external/scard/scard.h"
+#include "external/layeredfs/hook.h"
+#include "games/game.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/bbc/bbc.h"
+#include "games/bs/bs.h"
+#include "games/ddr/ddr.h"
+#include "games/dea/dea.h"
+#include "games/drs/drs.h"
+#include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
+#include "games/hpm/hpm.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#ifdef SPICE64
+#include "games/iidx/camera.h"
+#endif
+#include "games/iidx/poke.h"
+#include "games/jb/jb.h"
+#include "games/mga/mga.h"
+#include "games/nost/nost.h"
+#include "games/popn/popn.h"
+#include "games/qma/qma.h"
+#include "games/rb/rb.h"
+#include "games/rf3d/rf3d.h"
+#include "games/sc/sc.h"
+#include "games/scotto/scotto.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
+#include "games/shared/printer.h"
+#include "games/silentscope/silentscope.h"
+#include "games/mfc/mfc.h"
+#include "games/ftt/ftt.h"
+#include "games/loveplus/loveplus.h"
+#include "games/we/we.h"
+#include "games/otoca/otoca.h"
+#include "games/shogikai/shogikai.h"
+#include "games/pcm/pcm.h"
+#include "games/onpara/onpara.h"
+#include "games/bc/bc.h"
+#include "games/ccj/ccj.h"
+#include "games/ccj/trackball.h"
+#include "games/qks/qks.h"
+#include "games/museca/museca.h"
+#include "hooks/avshook.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+#include "hooks/debughook.h"
+#include "hooks/devicehook.h"
+#include "hooks/input/dinput8/hook.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "hooks/lang.h"
+#include "hooks/networkhook.h"
+#include "hooks/unisintrhook.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/logger.h"
+#include "launcher/signal.h"
+#include "launcher/superexit.h"
+#include "launcher/richpresence.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "script/manager.h"
+#include "misc/bt5api.h"
+#include "misc/device.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "misc/extdev.h"
+#include "misc/sciunit.h"
+#include "misc/sde.h"
+#include "misc/vrutil.h"
+#include "misc/wintouchemu.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/patch_manager.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/iidx_seg.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "rawinput/touch.h"
+#include "reader/reader.h"
+#include "stubs/stubs.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/cpuutils.h"
+#include "util/crypt.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/peb.h"
+#include "util/tapeled.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "avs/ssl.h"
+#include "nvapi/nvapi.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/nvapi_hook.h"
+
+// std::max
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+
+// constants
+static const char *STUBS[] = {"kbt.dll", "kld.dll"};
+
+// general settings
+static std::vector<std::string> game_hooks;
+std::filesystem::path MODULE_PATH;
+HANDLE LOG_FILE = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+std::string LOG_FILE_PATH = "";
+int LAUNCHER_ARGC = 0;
+char **LAUNCHER_ARGV = nullptr;
+std::unique_ptr<std::vector<Option>> LAUNCHER_OPTIONS;
+std::string CARD_OVERRIDES[2];
+
+// sub-systems
+std::unique_ptr<api::Controller> API_CONTROLLER;
+std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> RI_MGR;
+
+// trigger NVIDIA Optimus & AMD Enduro High Performance Graphics
+extern "C" {
+__declspec(dllexport) DWORD NvOptimusEnablement = 0x00000001;
+__declspec(dllexport) int AmdPowerXpressRequestHighPerformance = 1;
+}
+
+static bool CHECK_DLL_IGNORE_ARCH = false;
+static bool check_dll(const std::string &model) {
+    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE || CHECK_DLL_IGNORE_ARCH) {
+        return fileutils::file_exists(MODULE_PATH / model);
+    } else {
+        return fileutils::verify_header_pe(MODULE_PATH / model);
+    }
+}
+
+int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+    // remember argv, argv
+    LAUNCHER_ARGC = argc;
+    LAUNCHER_ARGV = argv;
+
+    // register exception handler and control handler
+    launcher::signal::init();
+
+    // start logger
+    logger::start();
+
+    // get module path
+    MODULE_PATH = libutils::module_file_name(nullptr).parent_path();
+
+    // initialize crypt
+    crypt::init();
+
+    // initialize timer
+    init_performance_counter();
+
+    // api settings
+    bool api_enable = false;
+    bool api_pretty = false;
+    bool api_debug = false;
+    unsigned short api_port = 1337;
+    std::string api_pass = "";
+    std::vector<std::string> api_serial_port;
+    std::vector<DWORD> api_serial_baud;
+
+    // attach settings
+    bool attach_io = false;
+    bool attach_acio = false;
+    bool attach_icca = false;
+    bool attach_device = false;
+    bool attach_extdev = false;
+    bool attach_sciunit = false;
+    bool attach_cpusbxpkm_printer = false;
+    bool attach_iidx = false;
+    bool attach_sdvx = false;
+    bool attach_jb = false;
+    bool attach_rb = false;
+    bool attach_shogikai = false;
+    bool attach_mga = false;
+    bool attach_sc = false;
+    bool attach_popn = false;
+    bool attach_ddr = false;
+    bool attach_gitadora = false;
+    bool attach_nostalgia = false;
+    bool attach_bbc = false;
+    bool attach_hpm = false;
+    bool attach_qma = false;
+    bool attach_dea = false;
+    bool attach_mfc = false;
+    bool attach_ftt = false;
+    bool attach_bs = false;
+    bool attach_loveplus = false;
+    bool attach_scotto = false;
+    bool attach_rf3d = false;
+    bool attach_drs = false;
+    bool attach_we = false;
+    bool attach_otoca = false;
+    bool attach_silentscope = false;
+    bool attach_pcm = false;
+    bool attach_onpara = false;
+    bool attach_bc = false;
+    bool attach_ccj = false;
+    bool attach_qks = false;
+    bool attach_museca = false;
+
+    // misc settings
+    size_t user_heap_size = 0;
+    unsigned short easrv_port = 0;
+    bool easrv_maint = true;
+    bool easrv_smart = false;
+    bool load_stubs = false;
+    bool netfix_disable = false;
+    bool lang_disable = false;
+    std::string process_priority_str = "high";
+    bool cardio_enabled = false;
+    bool peb_print = false;
+    bool cfg_run = false;
+    bool rich_presence = false;
+    bool automap = false;
+    bool ssl_disable = false;
+    std::vector<std::string> sextet_devices;
+
+    // parse arguments
+    LAUNCHER_OPTIONS = launcher::parse_options(argc, argv);
+
+    // determine config file path - must be done before anything else
+    const auto &cfg_path = LAUNCHER_OPTIONS->at(launcher::Options::ConfigurationPath);
+    if (cfg_path.is_active()) {
+        CONFIG_PATH_OVERRIDE = cfg_path.value_text();
+    }
+
+    // detect model used to load option overrides
+    auto options_version = launcher::detect_gameversion(
+            LAUNCHER_OPTIONS->at(launcher::Options::PathToEa3Config).value
+    );
+    if (!options_version.model.empty() && options_version.model.size() < 4) {
+        if (options_version.dest.size() == 1) {
+            avs::game::DEST[0] = options_version.dest[0];
+        }
+        if (options_version.spec.size() == 1) {
+            avs::game::SPEC[0] = options_version.spec[0];
+        }
+        if (options_version.rev.size() == 1) {
+            avs::game::REV[0] = options_version.rev[0];
+        }
+        if (options_version.ext.size() == 10) {
+            strcpy(avs::game::EXT, options_version.ext.c_str());
+        }
+        strcpy(avs::game::MODEL, options_version.model.c_str());
+        eamuse_autodetect_game();
+    }
+
+    // grab merged game options
+    auto options_ptr = games::get_options(eamuse_get_game());
+    if (!options_ptr) {
+        options_ptr = LAUNCHER_OPTIONS.get();
+    }
+    auto &options = *options_ptr;
+
+    // check options
+    // TODO: get rid of some booleans here and make use of the options directly
+    if (options[launcher::Options::OpenConfigurator].value_bool()) {
+        CHECK_DLL_IGNORE_ARCH = true;
+        cfg::CONFIGURATOR_TYPE = cfg::ConfigType::Config;
+        cfg_run = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::OpenKFControl].value_bool()) {
+        CHECK_DLL_IGNORE_ARCH = true;
+        cfg::CONFIGURATOR_TYPE = cfg::ConfigType::KFControl;
+        cfg_run = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EAmusementEmulation].value_bool() &&
+        options[launcher::Options::ServiceURL].is_active() &&
+        !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        log_fatal(
+            "launcher",
+            "BAD EAMUSE SETTINGS ERROR\n\n\n"
+            "-------------------------------------------------------------------\n"
+            "WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING - WARNING\n"
+            "!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!\n"
+            "A service URL is set **AND** E-Amusement emulation is enabled.\n"
+            "Either remove the service URL, or disable E-Amusement emulation.\n"
+            "Otherwise you may experience problems logging in.\n"
+            "-------------------------------------------------------------------\n\n\n"
+            );
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EAmusementEmulation].value_bool()) {
+        avs::ea3::URL_SLASH = 1;
+        easrv_port = 8080;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SmartEAmusement].value_bool()) {
+        easrv_smart = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EAmusementMaintenance].is_active()) {
+        easrv_maint = options[launcher::Options::EAmusementMaintenance].value_uint32() > 0;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_EAmusementMaintenance].value_bool()) {
+        easrv_maint = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::WindowedMode].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_WINDOWED = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GraphicsForceRefresh].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_FORCE_REFRESH = options[launcher::Options::GraphicsForceRefresh].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GraphicsForceSingleAdapter].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXNoSub].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXNoSub].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER = true;
+        GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOW = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisplayAdapter].is_active()) {
+        D3D9_ADAPTER = options[launcher::Options::DisplayAdapter].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CaptureCursor].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_CAPTURE_CURSOR = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::ShowCursor].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::VerboseGraphicsLogging].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_LOG_HRESULT = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::VerboseAVSLogging].value_bool()) {
+        hooks::avs::config::LOG = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_AutoOrientation].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION =
+            (graphics_orientation)options[launcher::Options::spice2x_AutoOrientation].value_uint32();
+    } else if (options[launcher::Options::AdjustOrientation].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_ADJUST_ORIENTATION = ORIENTATION_CW;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_NoD3D9DeviceHook].value_bool()) {
+        D3D9_DEVICE_HOOK_DISABLE = true;
+        // touch emulation gets disabled, might as well turn these on
+        games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH = true;
+        games::sdvx::NATIVETOUCH = true;
+        // not strictly necessary as it will fail to init anyway, but cleaner to just disable it now
+        overlay::ENABLED = false;
+        // leaving these on without dx9hooks result in torn state and therefore failure to draw
+        GRAPHICS_FORCE_SINGLE_ADAPTER = false;
+    }
+
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_NvapiProfile].value_bool() && !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        nvapi::ADD_PROFILE = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_NoNVAPI].value_bool()) {
+        nvapi_hook::BYPASS_NVAPI = true;
+    }
+
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LogLevel].is_active()) {
+        avs::core::LOG_LEVEL_CUSTOM = options[launcher::Options::LogLevel].value_text();
+    }
+    for (auto &hook : options[launcher::Options::InjectHook].values_text()) {
+        std::string buffer;
+        std::stringstream stream(hook);
+        std::vector<std::string> tokens;
+        while (stream >> buffer) {
+            game_hooks.push_back(buffer);
+        }
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadStubs].value_bool()) {
+        load_stubs = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableAllIOModules].value_bool()) {
+        attach_io = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableACIOModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_acio = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableICCAModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_icca = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableDEVICEModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_device = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableEXTDEVModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_extdev = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableSCIUNITModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_sciunit = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableDevicePassthrough].value_bool()) {
+        hooks::device::ENABLE = false;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadSoundVoltexModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_sdvx = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXDisableCameras].value_bool()) {
+        games::sdvx::DISABLECAMS = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXNativeTouch].value_bool()) {
+        games::sdvx::NATIVETOUCH = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXDigitalKnobSensitivity].is_active()) {
+        games::sdvx::DIGITAL_KNOB_SENS = (uint8_t)
+            options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXDigitalKnobSensitivity].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXAsioDriver].is_active()) {
+        games::sdvx::ASIO_DRIVER = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXAsioDriver].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXSubPos].is_active()) {
+        auto txt = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXSubPos].value_text();
+        if (txt == "top") {
+            games::sdvx::OVERLAY_POS = games::sdvx::SDVX_OVERLAY_TOP;
+        } else if (txt == "center") {
+            games::sdvx::OVERLAY_POS = games::sdvx::SDVX_OVERLAY_MIDDLE;
+        }
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SDVXSubRedraw].value_bool()) {
+        SUBSCREEN_FORCE_REDRAW = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadIIDXModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_iidx = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXCameraOrderFlip].value_bool()) {
+        games::iidx::FLIP_CAMS = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXDisableCameras].value_bool()) {
+        games::iidx::DISABLE_CAMS = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJCamera].value_bool()) {
+        games::iidx::TDJ_CAMERA = true;
+        // Disable legacy behaviour to avoid conflict
+        games::iidx::DISABLE_CAMS = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJCameraOverride].is_active()) {
+        games::iidx::TDJ_CAMERA_OVERRIDE = options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJCameraOverride].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJCameraRatio].is_active() &&
+        options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJCameraRatio].value_text() == "169") {
+        games::iidx::TDJ_CAMERA_PREFER_16_9 = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXSoundOutputDevice].is_active()) {
+        games::iidx::SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE = options[launcher::Options::IIDXSoundOutputDevice].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXAsioDriver].is_active()) {
+        games::iidx::ASIO_DRIVER = options[launcher::Options::IIDXAsioDriver].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJMode].value_bool()) {
+        games::iidx::TDJ_MODE = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXDigitalTTSensitivity].is_active()) {
+        games::iidx::DIGITAL_TT_SENS = (uint8_t)
+            options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXDigitalTTSensitivity].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXLDJForce720p].value_bool()) {
+        games::iidx::FORCE_720P = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXTDJSubSize].is_active()) {
+        games::iidx::SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE =
+            options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXTDJSubSize].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXLEDFontSize].is_active()) {
+        overlay::windows::IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_SIZE =
+            options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXLEDFontSize].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXLEDColor].is_active()) {
+        overlay::windows::IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_COLOR =
+            options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXLEDColor].value_hex64();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXLEDPos].is_active()) {
+        overlay::windows::IIDX_SEGMENT_LOCATION =
+            options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXLEDPos].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXNoESpec].value_bool()) {
+        games::iidx::DISABLE_ESPEC_IO = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXNativeTouch].value_bool()) {
+        games::iidx::NATIVE_TOUCH = true;
+    }
+    // should come later since this will override a few settings
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXWindowedTDJ].value_bool() ||
+        (options[launcher::Options::IIDXTDJMode].value_bool() && GRAPHICS_WINDOWED)) {
+        games::iidx::TDJ_MODE = true;
+        GRAPHICS_WINDOWED = true;
+        games::iidx::SCREEN_MODE = "2";
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadJubeatModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_jb = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadBeatstreamModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_bs = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadReflecBeatModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_rb = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadShogikaiModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_shogikai = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadPopnMusicModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_popn = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PopnMusicForceHDMode].value_bool()) {
+        avs::ea3::PCB_TYPE = 1;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PopnMusicForceSDMode].value_bool()) {
+        avs::ea3::PCB_TYPE = 0;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadMetalGearArcadeModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_mga = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadGitaDoraModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_gitadora = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraCabinetType].is_active()) {
+        games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE = options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraCabinetType].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadNostalgiaModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_nostalgia = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadBBCModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_bbc = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadHelloPopnMusicModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_hpm = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadQuizMagicAcademyModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_qma = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadDanceEvolutionModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_dea = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadLovePlusModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_loveplus = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GitaDoraTwoChannelAudio].value_bool()) {
+        games::gitadora::TWOCHANNEL = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadDDRModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_ddr = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadMahjongFightClubModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_mfc = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadFutureTomTomModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_ftt = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadScottoModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_scotto = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadRoadFighters3DModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_rf3d = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadDanceRushModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_drs = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadWinningElevenModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_we = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadOtocaModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_otoca = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadChargeMachineModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_pcm = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadOngakuParadiseModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_onpara = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadBusouShinkiModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_bc = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadCCJModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_ccj = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadQKSModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_qks = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadMusecaModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_museca = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DDR43Mode].value_bool()) {
+        games::ddr::SDMODE = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::LoadSteelChronicleModule].value_bool()) {
+        attach_sc = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableNetworkFixes].value_bool()) {
+        netfix_disable = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableACPHook].value_bool()) {
+        lang_disable = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableSignalHandling].value_bool()) {
+        launcher::signal::DISABLE = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DebugCreateFile].value_bool()) {
+        DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::BlockingLogger].value_bool()) {
+        logger::BLOCKING = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::OutputPEB].value_bool()) {
+        peb_print = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EnableBemaniTools5API].value_bool()) {
+        BT5API_ENABLED = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CardIOHIDReaderSupport].value_bool()) {
+        cardio_enabled = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXPrinterEmulation].value_bool()) {
+        attach_cpusbxpkm_printer = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXPrinterOutputOverwrite].value_bool()) {
+        games::shared::PRINTER_OVERWRITE_FILE = true;
+    }
+    for (auto &path : options[launcher::Options::SDVXPrinterOutputPath].values_text()) {
+        games::shared::PRINTER_PATH.push_back(path);
+    }
+    for (auto &path : options[launcher::Options::SDVXPrinterOutputFormat].values_text()) {
+        games::shared::PRINTER_FORMAT.push_back(path);
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXPrinterJPGQuality].is_active()) {
+        games::shared::PRINTER_JPG_QUALITY = options[launcher::Options::SDVXPrinterJPGQuality].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXPrinterOutputClear].value_bool()) {
+        games::shared::PRINTER_CLEAR = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::HTTP11].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::HTTP11 = options[launcher::Options::HTTP11].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableSSL].value_bool()) {
+        ssl_disable = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::URLSlash].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::URL_SLASH = options[launcher::Options::URLSlash].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_ProcessPriority].is_active()) {
+        process_priority_str = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_ProcessPriority].value_text();
+    } else if (options[launcher::Options::RealtimeProcessPriority].value_bool()) {
+        process_priority_str = "realtime";
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::HeapSize].is_active()) {
+        user_heap_size = options[launcher::Options::HeapSize].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableAvsVfsDriveMountRedirection].is_active()) {
+        hooks::avs::config::DISABLE_VFS_DRIVE_REDIRECTION = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::ScreenResizeConfigPath].is_active()) {
+        cfg::SCREEN_RESIZE_CFG_PATH_OVERRIDE =
+            options[launcher::Options::ScreenResizeConfigPath].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PathToAppConfig].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::APP_PATH = options[launcher::Options::PathToAppConfig].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PathToAvsConfig].is_active()) {
+        avs::core::CFG_PATH = options[launcher::Options::PathToAvsConfig].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PathToEa3Config].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::CFG_PATH = options[launcher::Options::PathToEa3Config].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PathToBootstrap].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::BOOTSTRAP_PATH = options[launcher::Options::PathToBootstrap].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PathToLog].is_active()) {
+        avs::core::LOG_PATH = options[launcher::Options::PathToLog].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PCBID].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::PCBID_CUSTOM = options[launcher::Options::PCBID].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SOFTID].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::SOFTID_CUSTOM = options[launcher::Options::SOFTID].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::ServiceURL].is_active()) {
+        avs::ea3::URL_CUSTOM = options[launcher::Options::ServiceURL].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::PathToModules].is_active()) {
+        std::error_code err;
+
+        auto &path = options[launcher::Options::PathToModules].value_text();
+        auto module_path = std::filesystem::absolute(path, err);
+
+        if (err) {
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                log_warning("launcher", "failed to resolve module path '{}': {}", path, err.message());
+            } else {
+                log_fatal("launcher", "failed to resolve module path '{}': {}", path, err.message());
+            }
+        }
+
+        MODULE_PATH = std::move(module_path);
+        SetDllDirectoryW(MODULE_PATH.c_str());
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::Player1Card].is_active()) {
+        CARD_OVERRIDES[0] = options[launcher::Options::Player1Card].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::Player2Card].is_active()) {
+        CARD_OVERRIDES[1] = options[launcher::Options::Player2Card].value_text();
+    }
+    for (auto &reader : options[launcher::Options::ICCAReaderPort].values_text()) {
+        static int reader_id = 0;
+        if (reader_id < 2) {
+            start_reader_thread(reader, reader_id++);
+        } else {
+            if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                log_fatal("launcher", "too many readers specified (maximum is 2)");
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    for (auto &sextet : options[launcher::Options::SextetStreamPort].values_text()) {
+        sextet_devices.emplace_back(sextet);
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::HIDSmartCard].value_bool()) {
+        WINSCARD_CONFIG.cardinfo_callback = eamuse_scard_callback;
+        scard_threadstart();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::HIDSmartCardOrderFlip].value_bool()) {
+        WINSCARD_CONFIG.flip_order = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::HIDSmartCardOrderToggle].value_bool()) {
+        WINSCARD_CONFIG.toggle_order = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CardIOHIDReaderOrderFlip].value_bool()) {
+        CARDIO_RUNNER_FLIP = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CardIOHIDReaderOrderToggle].value_bool()) {
+        CARDIO_RUNNER_TOGGLE = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::ICCAReaderPortToggle].is_active()) {
+        start_reader_thread(options[launcher::Options::ICCAReaderPortToggle].value_text(), -1);
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::IntelSDEFolder].is_active()) {
+        sde_init(options[launcher::Options::IntelSDEFolder].value_text());
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::AdapterNetwork].is_active()) {
+        NETWORK_ADDRESS = options[launcher::Options::AdapterNetwork].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::AdapterSubnet].is_active()) {
+        NETWORK_SUBNET = options[launcher::Options::AdapterSubnet].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::APITCPPort].is_active()) {
+        api_enable = true;
+        api_port = options[launcher::Options::APITCPPort].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::APIPassword].is_active()) {
+        api_pass = options[launcher::Options::APIPassword].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::APISerialPort].is_active()) {
+        api_serial_port.push_back(options[launcher::Options::APISerialPort].value_text());
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::APISerialBaud].is_active()) {
+        api_serial_baud.push_back(options[launcher::Options::APISerialBaud].value_uint32());
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::APIPretty].value_bool()) {
+        api_pretty = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::APIVerboseLogging].value_bool()) {
+        api::LOGGING = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::APIDebugMode].value_bool()) {
+        api_debug = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableDebugHooks].value_bool()) {
+        debughook::DEBUGHOOK_LOGGING = false;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::ForceWinTouch].value_bool()) {
+        rawinput::touch::DISABLED = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::SDVXForce720p].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_SDVX_FORCE_720 = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::InvertTouchCoordinates].value_bool()) {
+        rawinput::touch::INVERTED = true;
+    }
+    // DisableTouchCardInsert is no longer honored in spice2x
+    // if (options[launcher::Options::DisableTouchCardInsert].value_bool()) {
+    //     SPICETOUCH_CARD_DISABLE = true;
+    // }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_TouchCardInsert].value_bool()) {
+        SPICETOUCH_CARD_DISABLE = false;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::ForceTouchEmulation].value_bool()) {
+        wintouchemu::FORCE = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::Graphics9On12].value_bool()) {
+        GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_STATE = DX9ON12_FORCE_ON;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_Dx9On12].is_active()) {
+        auto &name = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_Dx9On12].value_text();
+        if (name == "0") {
+            GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_STATE = DX9ON12_FORCE_OFF;
+        } else if (name == "1") {
+            GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_STATE = DX9ON12_FORCE_ON;
+        }
+        // do not explicitly set GRAPHICS_9_ON_12_STATE to default here; must respect
+        // legacy Graphics9On12 option from above if set
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::NoLegacy].value_bool() && !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        rawinput::NOLEGACY = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::RichPresence].value_bool()) {
+        rich_presence = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DiscordAppID].is_active()) {
+        richpresence::discord::APPID_OVERRIDE = options[launcher::Options::DiscordAppID].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::ScreenshotFolder].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_SCREENSHOT_DIR = options[launcher::Options::ScreenshotFolder].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableColoredOutput].value_bool()) {
+        logger::COLOR = false;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableOverlay].value_bool()) {
+        overlay::ENABLED = false;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::DisableAudioHooks].value_bool()) {
+        hooks::audio::ENABLED = false;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_DisableVolumeHook].value_bool()) {
+        hooks::audio::VOLUME_HOOK_ENABLED = false;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::AudioBackend].is_active()) {
+        auto &name = options[launcher::Options::AudioBackend].value_text();
+        auto backend = hooks::audio::name_to_backend(name.c_str());
+        if (!backend.has_value() && !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            log_fatal("launcher", "invalid audio backend: {}", name);
+        }
+
+        hooks::audio::BACKEND = backend;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::AsioDriverId].is_active()) {
+        hooks::audio::ASIO_DRIVER_ID = options[launcher::Options::AsioDriverId].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::AudioDummy].value_bool()) {
+        hooks::audio::USE_DUMMY = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EAAutomap].value_bool()) {
+        easrv_maint = false;
+        automap = true;
+        avs::automap::ENABLED = true;
+        avs::automap::PATCH = true;
+        avs::automap::RESTRICT_NETWORK = true;
+        avs::automap::DUMP = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::EANetdump].value_bool()) {
+        easrv_maint = false;
+        automap = true;
+        avs::automap::ENABLED = true;
+        avs::automap::PATCH = false;
+        avs::automap::RESTRICT_NETWORK = true;
+        avs::automap::DUMP = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::GameExecutable].is_active()) {
+        avs::game::DLL_NAME = options[launcher::Options::GameExecutable].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_LightsOverallBrightness].is_active()) {
+        rawinput::HID_LIGHT_BRIGHTNESS =
+            (uint8_t)options[launcher::Options::spice2x_LightsOverallBrightness].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_FpsAutoShow].value_bool()) {
+        overlay::AUTO_SHOW_FPS = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_SubScreenAutoShow].value_bool()) {
+        overlay::AUTO_SHOW_SUBSCREEN = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IOPanelAutoShow].value_bool()) {
+        overlay::AUTO_SHOW_IOPANEL = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_KeypadAutoShow].is_active()) {
+        auto s = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_KeypadAutoShow].value_uint32();
+        switch (s) {
+            case 1:
+                overlay::AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P1 = true;
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                overlay::AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P2 = true;
+                break;
+            case 3:
+                overlay::AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P1 = true;
+                overlay::AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P2 = true;
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_WindowBorder].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_WINDOW_STYLE = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_WindowBorder].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_WindowSize].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_WINDOW_SIZE = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_WindowSize].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_WindowPosition].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_WINDOW_POS = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_WindowPosition].value_text();
+    }
+    GRAPHICS_WINDOW_ALWAYS_ON_TOP = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_WindowAlwaysOnTop].value_bool();
+
+    // IIDX Windowed Subscreen
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenSize].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_SIZE = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenSize].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenPosition].is_active()) {
+        GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB_POS = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenPosition].value_text();
+    }
+
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_JubeatLegacyTouch].value_bool()) {
+        games::jb::TOUCH_LEGACY_BOX = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_RBTouchScale].is_active()) {
+        games::rb::TOUCH_SCALING = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_RBTouchScale].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_AsioForceUnload].value_bool()) {
+        hooks::audio::ASIO_FORCE_UNLOAD_ON_STOP = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_DRSDisableTouch].value_bool()) {
+        games::drs::DISABLE_TOUCH = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_DRSTransposeTouch].value_bool()) {
+        games::drs::TRANSPOSE_TOUCH = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_AutoCard].is_active()) {
+        const auto text = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_AutoCard].value_text();
+        if (text == "p1") {
+            AUTO_INSERT_CARD[0] = true;
+        } else if (text == "p2") {
+            AUTO_INSERT_CARD[1] = true;
+        } else if (text == "both") {
+            AUTO_INSERT_CARD[0] = true;
+            AUTO_INSERT_CARD[1] = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_LowLatencySharedAudio].value_bool()) {
+        hooks::audio::LOW_LATENCY_SHARED_WASAPI = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_TapeLedAlgorithm].is_active()) {
+        const auto text = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_TapeLedAlgorithm].value_text();
+        if (text == "off") {
+            tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM = tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_USE_NONE;
+        } else if (text == "avg") {
+            tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM = tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_USE_AVERAGE;
+        } else if (text == "first") {
+            tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM = tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_USE_FIRST;
+        } else if (text == "last") {
+            tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM = tapeledutils::TAPE_LED_USE_LAST;
+        }
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CCJTrackballSensitivity].is_active()) {
+        games::ccj::TRACKBALL_SENSITIVITY = (uint8_t)
+                options[launcher::Options::CCJTrackballSensitivity].value_uint32();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CCJMouseTrackball].value_bool()) {
+        games::ccj::MOUSE_TRACKBALL = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CCJMouseTrackballWithToggle].value_bool()) {
+        games::ccj::MOUSE_TRACKBALL_USE_TOGGLE = true;
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::CCJArgs].is_active()) {
+        games::ccj::CCJ_INJECT_ARGS = options[launcher::Options::CCJArgs].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::QKSArgs].is_active()) {
+        games::qks::QKS_INJECT_ARGS = options[launcher::Options::QKSArgs].value_text();
+    }
+    if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_EnableSMXStage].value_bool()) {
+        rawinput::ENABLE_SMX_STAGE = true;
+    }
+
+    // API debugging
+    if (api_debug && !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        API_CONTROLLER = std::make_unique<api::Controller>(api_port, api_pass, api_pretty);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(api_serial_port.size(), api_serial_baud.size()); i++) {
+            API_CONTROLLER->listen_serial(api_serial_port[i], api_serial_baud[i]);
+        }
+        if (cfg_run) {
+            exit(spicecfg_run(sextet_devices));
+        } else {
+            while (API_CONTROLLER->server_running) {
+                Sleep(100);
+            }
+        }
+        log_fatal("launcher", "API server stopped");
+    }
+
+    // delay
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        DWORD delayInSeconds = 0;
+        if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_DelayByNSeconds].is_active()) {
+            delayInSeconds = (DWORD)options[launcher::Options::spice2x_DelayByNSeconds].value_uint32();
+        } else if (options[launcher::Options::DelayBy5Seconds].value_bool()) {
+            delayInSeconds = 5;
+        }
+
+        if (0 < delayInSeconds) {
+            log_info("launcher", "delay by {}ms...", delayInSeconds * 1000);
+            Sleep(delayInSeconds * 1000);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // create log file
+    // configurator does not write a log file because it tends to cause the
+    // config file to be corrupt...
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        avs::core::create_log();
+    }
+
+    // log
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    log_info("launcher", "SpiceTools Bootstrap (x64) (spice2x)");
+#else
+    log_info("launcher", "SpiceTools Bootstrap (x32) (spice2x)");
+#endif
+    log_info("launcher", "{}", VERSION_STRING);
+
+    // log command line arguments
+    std::ostringstream arguments;
+    for (auto &root_option : options) {
+        std::vector<Option> options_all { root_option };
+
+        options_all.insert(options_all.end(),
+                root_option.alternatives.begin(),
+                root_option.alternatives.end());
+
+        for (const auto &option : options_all) {
+            if (option.is_active()) {
+                auto &definition = option.get_definition();
+
+                arguments << "                                      ";
+                arguments << "-";
+
+                if (definition.display_name.empty()) {
+                    arguments << definition.name;
+                } else {
+                    arguments << definition.display_name;
+                }
+
+                if (definition.type != OptionType::Bool) {
+                    arguments << " ";
+
+                    if (definition.sensitive) {
+                        arguments << std::string(5, '*');
+                    } else {
+                        arguments << option.value;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                arguments << "\n";
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    log_info("launcher", "arguments:\n{}", arguments.str());
+
+    // disable automatic system/monitor sleep
+    if (!SetThreadExecutionState(ES_CONTINUOUS | ES_SYSTEM_REQUIRED | ES_DISPLAY_REQUIRED)) {
+        log_warning("launcher", "could not set thread execution state: {}", GetLastError());
+    }
+
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+
+        // set process priority
+        cpuutils::set_processor_priority(process_priority_str);
+
+        // set process affinity
+        if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_ProcessAffinity].is_active()) {
+            uint64_t affinity = options[launcher::Options::spice2x_ProcessAffinity].value_hex64();
+            cpuutils::set_processor_affinity(affinity, true);
+
+        // efficiency class (but only if no affinity is set)
+        } else if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_ProcessorEfficiencyClass].is_active()) {
+            const auto eff_class_str =
+                options[launcher::Options::spice2x_ProcessorEfficiencyClass].value_text();
+            if (eff_class_str == "ecores") {
+                cpuutils::set_processor_affinity(cpuutils::CpuEfficiencyClass::PreferECores);
+            } else if (eff_class_str == "pcores") {
+                cpuutils::set_processor_affinity(cpuutils::CpuEfficiencyClass::PreferPCores);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // initialize nvapi if available
+        nvapi::initialize();
+        // add application profile to nvcp
+        nvapi::set_profile_settings();
+        // enable super exit
+        superexit::enable();
+
+        // enable subscreen touch emulation
+        if (options[launcher::Options::spice2x_IIDXEmulateSubscreenKeypadTouch].is_active()) {
+            poke::enable();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // auto detect game if not specified
+    if (avs::game::DLL_NAME.empty()) {
+        bool module_path_tried = false;
+        do {
+
+            // IIDX
+            if (check_dll("bm2dx.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "bm2dx.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_iidx = true;
+                // automatically show cursor in windowed mode to interact with second window (sub)
+                if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                    GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // SDVX
+            if (check_dll("soundvoltex.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "soundvoltex.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_sdvx = true;
+#ifdef SPICE64
+                debughook::DEBUGHOOK_LOGGING = false;
+#endif
+                // automatically show cursor in windowed mode to interact with second window (sub)
+                if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                    GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // JB
+            if (check_dll("jubeat.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "jubeat.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_jb = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // RB
+            if (check_dll("reflecbeat.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "reflecbeat.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_rb = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Shogikai
+            if (check_dll("shogi_engine.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "system.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_shogikai = true;
+
+                // automatically show cursor when no touchscreen is available
+                if (!is_touch_available()) {
+                    GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = true;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // PCM & MGA
+            if (check_dll("launch.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "launch.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+
+                // MGA uses ESS while PCM does not
+                if (check_dll("ess.dll")) {
+                    attach_mga = true;
+                } else {
+                    attach_pcm = true;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DEA
+            if (check_dll("arkkdm.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkkdm.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_dea = true;
+
+                // the game is windowed by default unless we set the env
+                if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                    GRAPHICS_WINDOWED = false;
+                } else {
+                    SetEnvironmentVariable("DAMAC_VIEWER_FULLSCREEN", "0");
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // BS
+            if (check_dll("beatstream.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "beatstream.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_bs = true;
+
+                // game crash fix
+                easrv_maint = false;
+
+                // automatically show cursor when no touchscreen is available
+                if (!is_touch_available()) {
+                    GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = true;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // RF3D
+            if (check_dll("jgt.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "jgt.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_rf3d = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // MUSECA
+            if (check_dll("museca.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "museca.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_museca = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // pop'n Lapistoria/eclale/UsaNeko/peace
+            if (check_dll("popn22.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "popn22.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_popn = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // pop'n Sunny Park
+            if (check_dll("popn21.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "popn21.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_popn = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // pop'n Fantasia
+            if (check_dll("popn20.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "popn20.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_popn = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // pop'n Tune Street
+            if (check_dll("popn19.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "popn19.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_popn = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DDR Ace/A20 (bio2)
+            if (check_dll("arkmdxbio2.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkmdxbio2.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ddr = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DDR Ace/A20 (p3io)
+            if (check_dll("arkmdxp3.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkmdxp3.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ddr = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DDR Ace/A20 (p4io)
+            if (check_dll("arkmdxp4.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkmdxp4.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ddr = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DDR 2013/2014 (old cabinets)
+            if (check_dll("mdxja_945.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "mdxja_945.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ddr = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DDR 2013/2014 (white cabinet)
+            if (check_dll("mdxja_hm65.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "mdxja_hm65.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ddr = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DDR X2/X3
+            if (check_dll("ddr.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "ddr.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ddr = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // GitaDora
+            if (check_dll("gdxg.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "gdxg.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_device = true;
+                attach_extdev = true;
+                attach_gitadora = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Nostalgia
+            if (check_dll("nostalgia.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "nostalgia.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_nostalgia = true;
+
+                // automatically show cursor when no touchscreen is available
+                if (!is_touch_available()) {
+                    GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = true;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Bishi Bashi Channel
+            if (check_dll("bsch.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "bsch.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_bbc = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // HELLO! Pop'n Music
+            if (check_dll("popn.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "popn.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_hpm = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Quiz Magic Academy
+            if (check_dll("client.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "client.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_qma = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // LovePlus
+            if (check_dll("arkklp.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkklp.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_loveplus = true;
+                attach_cpusbxpkm_printer = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Steel Chronicle
+            if (check_dll("arkkgg.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkkgg.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_sc = true;
+                easrv_maint = false;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Mahjong Fight Club
+            if (check_dll("allinone.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "system.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_mfc = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // FutureTomTom
+            if (check_dll("arkmmd.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkmmd.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ftt = true;
+
+                // the game is windowed by default unless we set the env
+                if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                    GRAPHICS_WINDOWED = false;
+                } else {
+                    SetEnvironmentVariable("DAMAC_VIEWER_FULLSCREEN", "0");
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Scotto
+            if (check_dll("scotto.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "scotto.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_scotto = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // TsumTsum
+            if (check_dll("arko26.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arko26.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // DANCERUSH
+            if (check_dll("superstep.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "superstep.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_drs = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Winning Eleven 2012
+            if (check_dll("weac12_bootstrap_release.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "weac12_bootstrap_release.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_we = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Winning Eleven 2014
+            if (check_dll("arknck.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arknck.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_we = true;
+
+                // automatically show cursor when no touchscreen is available
+                if (!is_touch_available()) {
+                    GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR = true;
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Otoca D'or
+            if (check_dll("arkkep.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkkep.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_otoca = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Silent Scope: Bone Eater
+            if (check_dll("arkndd.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkndd.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_silentscope = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Ongaku Paradise
+            if (check_dll("arkjc9.dll")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "arkjc9.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_onpara = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Chase Chase Jokers
+            if (check_dll("kamunity.dll") && fileutils::file_exists("game/chaseproject.exe")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "kamunity.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_ccj = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // QuizKnock STADIUM
+            if (check_dll("kamunity.dll") && fileutils::file_exists("game/uks.exe")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "kamunity.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_qks = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor
+            if (check_dll("kamunity.dll") && fileutils::file_exists("game/bsac_app.exe")) {
+                avs::game::DLL_NAME = "kamunity.dll";
+                attach_io = true;
+                attach_bc = true;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // try module path
+            if (!module_path_tried) {
+                module_path_tried = true;
+
+                MODULE_PATH /= "modules";
+                SetDllDirectoryW(MODULE_PATH.c_str());
+
+                MODULE_PATH /= "";
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // usage error
+            if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE
+            && (!CHECK_DLL_IGNORE_ARCH)) {
+                log_fatal("launcher", "module auto detection failed.");
+            }
+            break;
+
+        } while (true);
+    }
+
+    // set error mode to show all errors
+    SetErrorMode(0);
+
+    // set the AVS heap size to a default value varying by game
+    avs::core::set_default_heap_size(avs::game::DLL_NAME);
+
+    // load the games
+    std::vector<games::Game *> games;
+    if (attach_popn) {
+        games.push_back(new games::popn::POPNGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_bbc) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("bsch.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::bbc::BBCGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_ddr) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("arkmdxp3.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::ddr::DDRGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_iidx) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("bm2dx.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::iidx::IIDXGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_sdvx) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("soundvoltex.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::sdvx::SDVXGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_jb) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("jubeat.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::jb::JBGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_nostalgia) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("nostalgia.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::nost::NostGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_gitadora) {
+        games.push_back(new games::gitadora::GitaDoraGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_hpm) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("popn.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::hpm::HPMGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_mga) {
+        games.push_back(new games::mga::MGAGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_sc) {
+        games.push_back(new games::sc::SCGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_rb) {
+        games.push_back(new games::rb::RBGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_shogikai) {
+        games.push_back(new games::shogikai::ShogikaiGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_qma) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("client.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::qma::QMAGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_dea) {
+        games.push_back(new games::dea::DEAGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_mfc) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("system.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::mfc::MFCGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_ftt) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("arkmmd.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::ftt::FTTGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_bs) {
+        games.push_back(new games::bs::BSGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_loveplus) {
+        games.push_back(new games::loveplus::LovePlusGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_scotto) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("scotto.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::scotto::ScottoGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_rf3d) {
+        games.push_back(new games::rf3d::RF3DGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_museca) {
+        games.push_back(new games::museca::MusecaGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_drs) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("superstep.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::drs::DRSGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_we) {
+        games.push_back(new games::we::WEGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_otoca) {
+        games.push_back(new games::otoca::OtocaGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_silentscope) {
+        games.push_back(new games::silentscope::SilentScopeGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_pcm) {
+        games.push_back(new games::pcm::PCMGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_onpara) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("arkjc9.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::onpara::OnparaGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_bc) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("kamunity.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::bc::BCGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_ccj) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("kamunity.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::ccj::CCJGame());
+    }
+    if (attach_qks) {
+        avs::core::set_default_heap_size("kamunity.dll");
+        games.push_back(new games::qks::QKSGame());
+    }
+
+    // apply user heap size, if defined
+    if (user_heap_size > 0) {
+        avs::core::HEAP_SIZE = user_heap_size;
+    }
+
+    // call pre-attach
+    for (auto game : games) {
+        game->pre_attach();
+    }
+
+    // run configuration utility
+    if (cfg_run || cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        if (api_enable || api_debug) {
+            API_CONTROLLER = std::make_unique<api::Controller>(api_port, api_pass, api_pretty);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(api_serial_port.size(), api_serial_baud.size()); i++) {
+                API_CONTROLLER->listen_serial(api_serial_port[i], api_serial_baud[i]);
+            }
+        }
+        exit(spicecfg_run(sextet_devices));
+    }
+
+    // print cpu features
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        cpuutils::print_cpu_features();
+    }
+
+    // initialize raw input
+    RI_MGR = std::make_unique<rawinput::RawInputManager>();
+    for (const auto &device : sextet_devices) {
+        RI_MGR->sextet_register(device);
+    }
+
+    // print devices
+    RI_MGR->devices_print();
+
+    // cardio
+    if (cardio_enabled) {
+        cardio_runner_start(true);
+    }
+
+    // load stubs
+    if (load_stubs) {
+        for (const auto &stub : STUBS) {
+            if (fileutils::verify_header_pe(MODULE_PATH / stub)) {
+                libutils::load_library(MODULE_PATH / stub);
+            } else {
+                log_warning("launcher", "failed to load stubs!");
+                load_stubs = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // locale hook
+    if (!lang_disable) {
+        hooks::lang::early_init();
+    }
+
+    // load DLLs
+    if (!avs::core::load_dll()) {
+        log_fatal("launcher", "avs boot failure");
+    }
+    avs::ea3::load_dll();
+
+    // net fix
+    if (!netfix_disable) {
+        networkhook_init();
+    }
+
+    // boot AVS
+    avs::core::boot();
+
+    // initialize SSL
+    if (!ssl_disable) {
+        avs::ssl::init();
+    }
+
+    // copy defaults to nvram
+    avs::core::copy_defaults();
+
+    // load game
+    avs::game::load_dll();
+
+    // VR
+    if (options[launcher::Options::VREnable].is_active()) {
+        vrutil::init();
+    }
+
+    // attach games
+    for (auto game : games) {
+        game->attach();
+    }
+
+    // attach stub functions
+    if (!load_stubs) {
+        stubs::attach();
+    }
+
+    // locale hook
+    if (!lang_disable) {
+        hooks::lang::init();
+    }
+
+    // exception/signal hook
+    launcher::signal::attach();
+
+    // audio hook
+    hooks::audio::init();
+
+    // DirectInput 8 hook
+    hooks::input::dinput8::init();
+
+    // D3D9 hook
+    graphics_init();
+
+    // debug hook
+    debughook::attach();
+
+    // device debug
+    if (DEVICE_CREATEFILE_DEBUG) {
+        devicehook_init();
+    }
+
+    // server
+    if (easrv_port != 0u && !easrv_smart) {
+        easrv_start(easrv_port, easrv_maint, 4, 8);
+    }
+
+    // acio attach
+    if (attach_io || attach_acio) {
+        acio::attach();
+    }
+
+    // acio icca attach
+    if (attach_icca) {
+        acio::attach_icca();
+    }
+
+    // device attach
+    if (attach_io || attach_device) {
+        spicedevice_attach();
+    }
+
+    // ext dev attach
+    if (attach_io || attach_extdev) {
+        extdev_attach();
+    }
+
+    // sci unit attach
+    if (attach_io || attach_sciunit) {
+        sciunit_attach();
+    }
+
+    // SDVX printer attach
+    if (attach_cpusbxpkm_printer) {
+        games::shared::printer_attach();
+    }
+
+    // net fix
+    if (!netfix_disable) {
+        networkhook_init();
+    }
+
+    // layeredfs
+    if (fileutils::dir_exists("data_mods") &&
+        !fileutils::file_exists("ifs_hook.dll") &&
+        !fileutils::file_exists(MODULE_PATH / "ifs_hook.dll"))
+    {
+        layeredfs::init();
+    }
+
+    // load hooks
+    for (auto &hook : game_hooks) {
+        log_info("launcher", "loading hook DLL {}", hook);
+        HMODULE module;
+        if (!(module = libutils::try_library(hook))) {
+            log_warning("launcher", "failed to load hook {}", hook);
+        } else {
+            bt5api_hook(module);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // apply patches
+    {
+        overlay::windows::PatchManager patch_manager(nullptr, true);
+    }
+
+    // load scripts
+    script::manager_scan();
+    script::manager_boot();
+
+    // load AVS-EA3
+    avs::ea3::boot(easrv_port, easrv_maint, easrv_smart);
+
+    // eamuse init
+    eamuse_autodetect_game();
+
+    // unis device hook
+    unisintrhook_init();
+
+    // BT5API
+    if (BT5API_ENABLED) {
+        bt5api_init();
+    }
+
+    // API
+    if (api_enable || std::min(api_serial_port.size(), api_serial_baud.size()) > 0) {
+        API_CONTROLLER = std::make_unique<api::Controller>(api_port, api_pass, api_pretty);
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::min(api_serial_port.size(), api_serial_baud.size()); i++) {
+        API_CONTROLLER->listen_serial(api_serial_port[i], api_serial_baud[i]);
+    }
+
+    // start coin input thread
+    eamuse_coin_start_thread();
+
+    // print PEB
+    if (peb_print) {
+        peb::peb_print();
+    }
+
+    // enable automap
+    if (automap) {
+        avs::automap::enable();
+    }
+
+    // initialize rich presence
+    if (rich_presence) {
+        richpresence::init();
+    }
+
+    // turn off controlled game lights
+    auto lights = games::get_lights(eamuse_get_game());
+    if (lights) {
+        for (auto &light : *lights) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, 0.f);
+        }
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+    }
+
+    // attach games
+    for (auto game : games) {
+        game->post_attach();
+    }
+
+    // game start
+    log_info("launcher", "calling game entry");
+    avs::game::entry_main();
+
+    // clear presence
+    richpresence::shutdown();
+
+    // clean up VR
+    vrutil::shutdown();
+
+    // script shutdown
+    script::manager_shutdown();
+
+    // detach games
+    for (auto game : games) {
+        game->detach();
+    }
+
+    // sci unit detach
+    if (attach_io || attach_sciunit) {
+        sciunit_detach();
+    }
+
+    // ext dev detach
+    if (attach_io || attach_extdev) {
+        extdev_detach();
+    }
+
+    // device detach
+    if (attach_io || attach_device) {
+        spicedevice_detach();
+    }
+
+    // acio detach
+    if (attach_io || attach_acio) {
+        acio::detach();
+    }
+
+    // delete games
+    while (!games.empty()) {
+        delete games.back();
+        games.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    // free api controller
+    API_CONTROLLER.reset();
+
+    // stop coin input thread
+    eamuse_coin_stop_thread();
+
+    // BT5API
+    if (BT5API_ENABLED) {
+        bt5api_dispose();
+    }
+
+    // stop raw input
+    RI_MGR.reset();
+
+    // debug hook
+    debughook::detach();
+
+    // scard
+    scard_fini();
+
+    // stop reader thread in case it was running
+    stop_reader_thread();
+
+    // cardio
+    if (cardio_enabled) {
+        cardio_runner_stop();
+    }
+
+    // server
+    if (easrv_port != 0u) {
+        easrv_shutdown();
+    }
+
+    // AVS EA3 shutdown
+    avs::ea3::shutdown();
+
+    // AVS cleanup
+    avs::core::shutdown();
+
+    // dispose crypt
+    crypt::dispose();
+
+    // disable super exit
+    superexit::disable();
+
+    // disable poke
+    poke::disable();
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    games::iidx::camera_release();
+#endif
+
+    // shutdown
+    log_warning("launcher", "end");
+    launcher::stop_subsystems();
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_SPICECFG_STANDALONE
+int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+    return main_implementation(argc, argv);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/launcher/launcher.h b/launcher/launcher.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d1ac12
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/launcher.h
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "cfg/option.h"
+
+namespace rawinput {
+    class RawInputManager;
+}
+namespace api {
+    class Controller;
+}
+
+extern std::filesystem::path MODULE_PATH;
+extern HANDLE LOG_FILE;
+extern std::string LOG_FILE_PATH;
+extern int LAUNCHER_ARGC;
+extern char **LAUNCHER_ARGV;
+extern std::unique_ptr<std::vector<Option>> LAUNCHER_OPTIONS;
+
+extern std::unique_ptr<api::Controller> API_CONTROLLER;
+extern std::unique_ptr<rawinput::RawInputManager> RI_MGR;
+extern int main_implementation(int argc, char *argv[]);
diff --git a/launcher/logger.cpp b/launcher/logger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d0628d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/logger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+#include "logger.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#define FOREGROUND_GREY   (8)
+#define FOREGROUND_WHITE  (FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_BLUE | FOREGROUND_GREEN)
+#define FOREGROUND_YELLOW (FOREGROUND_RED | FOREGROUND_GREEN)
+
+namespace logger {
+
+    // settings
+    bool BLOCKING = false;
+    bool COLOR = true;
+
+    // state
+    static bool RUNNING = false;
+    static WORD DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES = 0;
+    static std::mutex EVENT_MUTEX;
+    static std::condition_variable EVENT_CV;
+    static std::thread *THREAD = nullptr;
+    static std::mutex OUTPUT_MUTEX;
+    static bool OUTPUT_BUFFER_HOT = false;
+    static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Style>> OUTPUT_BUFFER1;
+    static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Style>> OUTPUT_BUFFER2;
+    static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Style>> *OUTPUT_BUFFER = &OUTPUT_BUFFER1;
+    static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Style>> *OUTPUT_BUFFER_SWAP = &OUTPUT_BUFFER2;
+    static std::vector<std::pair<LogHook_t, void*>> HOOKS;
+
+    static inline std::vector<std::pair<std::string, Style>> *output_buffer_swap() {
+        OUTPUT_MUTEX.lock();
+        auto buffer = OUTPUT_BUFFER;
+        std::swap(OUTPUT_BUFFER, OUTPUT_BUFFER_SWAP);
+        OUTPUT_MUTEX.unlock();
+
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    static void save_default_console_attributes(HANDLE hTerminal) {
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO info;
+
+        if (GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hTerminal, &info)) {
+            DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES = info.wAttributes;
+        }
+    }
+
+    static void set_console_color(HANDLE hTerminal, WORD foreground) {
+        CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO info;
+
+        if (!GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(hTerminal, &info)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        info.wAttributes &= ~(info.wAttributes & 0x0F);
+        if (foreground == FOREGROUND_YELLOW)
+            info.wAttributes |= foreground;
+        else
+            info.wAttributes |= foreground | FOREGROUND_INTENSITY;
+
+        SetConsoleTextAttribute(hTerminal, info.wAttributes);
+    }
+
+    static void output_buffer_flush() {
+
+        // get buffer and swap
+        auto buffer = output_buffer_swap();
+
+        // return early if no messages to process
+        if (buffer->empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get terminal handle
+        HANDLE hTerminal = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+
+        if (logger::COLOR) {
+
+            // save default terminal attributes
+            if (!DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES) {
+                save_default_console_attributes(hTerminal);
+            }
+
+            // set initial style
+            set_console_color(hTerminal, FOREGROUND_WHITE);
+        }
+
+        // write to console and file
+        DWORD result;
+        Style last_style = DEFAULT;
+        for (auto &content : *buffer) {
+
+            // set style if color mode enabled
+            if (logger::COLOR && last_style != content.second) {
+                last_style = content.second;
+
+                switch (content.second) {
+                    case Style::DEFAULT:
+                        set_console_color(hTerminal, FOREGROUND_WHITE);
+                        break;
+                    case Style::GREY:
+                        set_console_color(hTerminal, FOREGROUND_GREY);
+                        break;
+                    case Style::YELLOW:
+                        set_console_color(hTerminal, FOREGROUND_YELLOW);
+                        break;
+                    case Style::RED:
+                        set_console_color(hTerminal, FOREGROUND_RED);
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // write to console
+            WriteFile(hTerminal, content.first.c_str(), content.first.size(), &result, nullptr);
+
+            // write to file
+            if (LOG_FILE && LOG_FILE != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                WriteFile(LOG_FILE, content.first.c_str(), content.first.size(), &result, nullptr);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // clear buffer
+        buffer->clear();
+
+        // reset style
+        if (logger::COLOR) {
+            SetConsoleTextAttribute(hTerminal, DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void start() {
+
+        // don't start if blocking
+        if (BLOCKING) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // start logging thread
+        RUNNING = true;
+        THREAD = new std::thread([] {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(EVENT_MUTEX);
+
+            SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL);
+
+            // main loop
+            while (RUNNING) {
+
+                // wait for hot buffer
+                EVENT_CV.wait(lock, [] { return OUTPUT_BUFFER_HOT; });
+                OUTPUT_BUFFER_HOT = false;
+
+                // flush buffer
+                output_buffer_flush();
+            }
+
+            // make sure all is written
+            output_buffer_flush();
+
+            // flush writes to disk
+            if (LOG_FILE && LOG_FILE != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                FlushFileBuffers(LOG_FILE);
+            }
+
+            // reset terminal
+            if (logger::COLOR) {
+                HANDLE hTerminal = GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
+                SetConsoleTextAttribute(hTerminal, DEFAULT_ATTRIBUTES);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    void stop() {
+        log_info("logger", "stop");
+
+        // clean up thread if required
+        RUNNING = false;
+        if (THREAD) {
+
+            // fake notify to exit wait loop
+            OUTPUT_BUFFER_HOT = true;
+            EVENT_CV.notify_all();
+
+            // join and clean up
+            THREAD->join();
+            delete THREAD;
+            THREAD = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void push(std::string data, Style color, bool terminate) {
+
+        // log hooks
+        for (auto &hook : HOOKS) {
+            std::string out;
+
+            if (hook.first(hook.second, data, color, out)) {
+                data = std::move(out);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if empty
+        if (data.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // add to output
+        OUTPUT_MUTEX.lock();
+        OUTPUT_BUFFER->emplace_back(std::move(data), color);
+        if (terminate) {
+            OUTPUT_BUFFER->emplace_back("\r\n", color);
+        }
+        OUTPUT_MUTEX.unlock();
+
+        // check if blocking or the logging thread is not running
+        if (BLOCKING || !RUNNING) {
+
+            // blocking guard
+            static std::mutex blocking_lock;
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> blocking_guard(blocking_lock);
+
+            // immediately process logs
+            output_buffer_flush();
+
+        } else {
+
+            // mark buffer as hot
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(EVENT_MUTEX);
+            OUTPUT_BUFFER_HOT = true;
+            EVENT_CV.notify_one();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void hook_add(LogHook_t hook, void *user) {
+        HOOKS.emplace_back(hook, user);
+    }
+
+    void hook_remove(LogHook_t hook, void *user) {
+        HOOKS.erase(std::remove(HOOKS.begin(), HOOKS.end(), std::pair(hook, user)), HOOKS.end());
+    }
+
+    PCBIDFilter::PCBIDFilter() {
+        hook_add(logger::PCBIDFilter::filter, this);
+    }
+
+    PCBIDFilter::~PCBIDFilter() {
+        hook_remove(logger::PCBIDFilter::filter, this);
+    }
+
+    bool PCBIDFilter::filter(void *user, const std::string &data, Style style, std::string &out) {
+
+        // check if PCBID in data
+        if (data.find(avs::ea3::EA3_BOOT_PCBID) != std::string::npos) {
+
+            // replace pcbid
+            out = data;
+            strreplace(out, avs::ea3::EA3_BOOT_PCBID, "[hidden]");
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // no replacement
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/launcher/logger.h b/launcher/logger.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3214ba7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/logger.h
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace logger {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool BLOCKING;
+    extern bool COLOR;
+
+    enum Style {
+        DEFAULT = 0,
+        GREY = 1,
+        YELLOW = 2,
+        RED = 3
+    };
+
+    void start();
+    void stop();
+    void push(std::string data, Style color, bool terminate = false);
+
+    // log hooks
+    typedef bool (*LogHook_t)(void *user, const std::string &data, Style style, std::string &out);
+    void hook_add(LogHook_t hook, void *user);
+    void hook_remove(LogHook_t hook, void *user);
+
+    class PCBIDFilter {
+    public:
+        PCBIDFilter();
+        ~PCBIDFilter();
+    private:
+        static bool filter(void *user, const std::string &data, Style style, std::string &out);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/launcher/options.cpp b/launcher/options.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb0a799
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/options.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2290 @@
+#include "options.h"
+
+#include "external/tinyxml2/tinyxml2.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+static const std::vector<std::string> CATEGORY_ORDER_API = {
+    "SpiceCompanion and API",
+    "API (Serial)",
+    "API (Dev)",
+    "BT5 API",
+};
+
+static const std::vector<std::string> CATEGORY_ORDER_BASIC = {
+    "Game Options",
+    "Common",
+    "Network",
+    "Overlay",
+    "Graphics (Common)",
+    "Graphics (Windowed)",
+    "Audio",
+};
+
+static const std::vector<std::string> CATEGORY_ORDER_ADVANCED = {
+    "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    "Network (Advanced)",
+    "Performance",
+    "Miscellaneous",
+    "Paths",
+    "Touch Parameters",
+    "Lights Options",
+    "Card Readers",
+};
+static const std::vector<std::string> CATEGORY_ORDER_DEV = {
+    "Network Adapters",
+    "I/O Modules",
+    "Development",
+};
+static const std::vector<std::string> CATEGORY_ORDER_NONE = {
+    ""
+};
+
+/*
+ * Option Definitions
+ * Be aware that the order must be the same as in the enum launcher::Options!
+ */
+static const std::vector<OptionDefinition> OPTION_DEFINITIONS = {
+    {
+        .title = "Game Executable",
+        .name = "exec",
+        .desc = "Path to the game DLL file",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "*.dll",
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Open Configurator",
+        .name = "cfg",
+        .desc = "Opens configuration window. This can only be launched via the command line "
+            "(spice -cfg or spice64 -cfg) or just launch spicecfg.exe",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .disabled = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Open KFControl",
+        .name = "kfcontrol",
+        .desc = "This can only be launched via the command line. Opens KFControl, tool for controlling arcade cabinet",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .disabled = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Basic Local EA Emulation",
+        .name = "ea",
+        .desc = "Enables the integrated local EA server, just enough to boot the game; no card in, no data saving",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Network",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "EA Service URL",
+        .name = "url",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom service URL override",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Network",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "PCBID",
+        .name = "p",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom PCBID override",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "04040000000000000000",
+        .category = "Network",
+        .sensitive = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Player 1 Card",
+        .name = "card0",
+        .desc = "Set a card number for reader 1. Overrides the selected card file.",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "E004010000000000",
+        .category = "Network",
+        .sensitive = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Player 2 Card",
+        .name = "card1",
+        .desc = "Set a card number for reader 2. Overrides the selected card file.",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "E004010000000000",
+        .category = "Network",
+        .sensitive = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Windowed Mode",
+        .name = "w",
+        .desc = "Enables windowed mode",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Graphics (Windowed)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Inject DLL Hooks",
+        .name = "k",
+        .desc = "Multiple files are allowed; use multiple -k flags, or in SpiceCfg, separate by "
+                "space (foo.dll bar.dll baz.dll). Injects a hook by using LoadLibrary on the "
+                "specified file before running the main game code",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "a.dll b.dll c.dll",
+        .category = "Common",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Execute Script",
+        .name = "script",
+        .desc = "Executes a script (.lua) at the given path on game boot",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Miscellaneous",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Lock Cursor to Window",
+        .name = "c",
+        .desc = "Confines the cursor to be within the game window",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Common",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Show Cursor & Touch Emulation Enable",
+        .name = "s",
+        .desc = "Shows the cursor in the game window; also turns on touch emulation. Do not use if you use a real touch screen",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Common",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Monitor",
+        .name = "monitor",
+        .desc = "Sets the display that the game will be opened in, for multiple monitors",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Refresh Rate",
+        .name = "graphics-force-refresh",
+        .desc = "Force the refresh rate for the primary display adapter; works in both full screen and windowed modes",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Only Use One Monitor",
+        .name = "graphics-force-single-adapter",
+        .desc = "Force the graphics device to be opened utilizing only one adapter in multi-monitor systems.\n\n"
+            "May cause unstable framerate and desyncs, especially if monitors have different refresh rates!",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        // Graphics9On12
+        .title = "DirectX 9 on 12 (DEPRECATED - use -dx9on12 instead)",
+        .name = "9on12",
+        .desc = "Use D3D9On12 wrapper library, requires Windows 10 Insider Preview 18956 or later. Deprecated - use -dx9on12 instead",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_Dx9On12
+        .title = "DirectX 9 on 12",
+        .name = "sp2x-dx9on12",
+        .display_name = "dx9on12",
+        .aliases= "dx9on12",
+        .desc = "Use D3D9On12 wrapper library, requires Windows 10 Insider Preview 18956 or later. Has no effect games on that don't use DX9.\n\n"
+            "Default: auto (use DX9 for most games, but turn on 9on12 for games that require it on non-NVIDIA GPUs)",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+        .elements = {
+            {"auto", "Automatic"},
+            {"0", "Use DX9"},
+            {"1", "Use DX9on12"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable Win/Media/Special Keys",
+        .name = "nolegacy",
+        .desc = "Disables legacy key activation in-game.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Miscellaneous",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Discord Rich Presence",
+        .name = "richpresence",
+        .desc = "Enables Discord Rich Presence support",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Miscellaneous",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Smart EA",
+        .name = "smartea",
+        .desc = "Automatically enables -ea when server is offline",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Network (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // EAmusementMaintenance
+        .title = "EA Maintenance (DEPRECATED - use -forceeamaint instead)",
+        .name = "eamaint",
+        .desc = "Enables EA Maintenance, 1 for on, 0 for off.",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .category = "Network (Advanced)",
+        .elements = {{"0", "Off"}, {"1", "On"}},
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_EAmusementMaintenance
+        .title = "Force EA Maintenance",
+        .name = "sp2x-eamaint",
+        .display_name = "forceeamaint",
+        .aliases= "forceeamaint",
+        .desc = "Force enables EA maintenance mode",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Network (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Preferred NetAdapter IP",
+        .name = "network",
+        .desc = "This is NOT the EA service URL; use -url for that. "
+            "Force the use of an adapter with the specified network. Must also provide -subnet",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Network Adapters",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Preferred NetAdapter Subnet",
+        .name = "subnet",
+        .desc = "Force the use of an adapter with the specified subnet. Must also provide -network",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Network Adapters",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable Network Fixes",
+        .name = "netfixdisable",
+        .desc = "Force disables network fixes",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Network Adapters",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "HTTP/1.1",
+        .name = "http11",
+        .desc = "Sets EA3 http11 value",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Network (Advanced)",
+        .elements = {{"0", "Off"}, {"1", "On"}},
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable SSL Protocol",
+        .name = "ssldisable",
+        .desc = "Prevents the SSL protocol from being registered",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Network (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "URL Slash",
+        .name = "urlslash",
+        .desc = "Sets EA3 urlslash value",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Network (Advanced)",
+        .elements = {{"0", "Off"}, {"1", "On"}},
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SOFTID",
+        .name = "r",
+        .desc = "Set custom SOFTID override",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Network (Advanced)",
+        .sensitive = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "VR controls (experimental)",
+        .name = "vr",
+        .desc = "Enable experimental VR support for feet input. "
+            "Hint: bind a key to Toggle VR Control overlay window",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "DANCERUSH",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable Spice Overlay",
+        .name = "overlaydisable",
+        .desc = "Disables the in-game overlay",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Overlay",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_FpsAutoShow
+        .title = "Auto Show FPS/Clock",
+        .name = "sp2x-autofps",
+        .display_name = "autofps",
+        .aliases= "autofps",
+        .desc = "Automatically show FPS / clock / timer overlay window when the game starts",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Overlay",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_SubScreenAutoShow
+        .title = "Auto Show Subscreen",
+        .name = "sp2x-autosubscreen",
+        .display_name = "autosubscreen",
+        .aliases= "autosubscreen",
+        .desc = "Automatically show the subscreen overlay when the game starts, if the game has one",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Overlay",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IOPanelAutoShow
+        .title = "Auto Show IO Panel",
+        .name = "sp2x-autoiopanel",
+        .display_name = "autoiopanel",
+        .aliases= "autoiopanel",
+        .desc = "Automatically show I/O panel window when the game starts",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Overlay",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_KeypadAutoShow
+        .title = "Auto Show Keypad",
+        .name = "sp2x-autokeypad",
+        .display_name = "autokeypad",
+        .aliases= "autokeypad",
+        .desc = "Automatically show virtual keypad window when the game starts",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Overlay",
+        .elements = {
+            {"0", "Off"},
+            {"1", "P1"},
+            {"2", "P2"},
+            {"3", "P1 and P2"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load IIDX Module",
+        .name = "iidx",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Beatmania IIDX module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "IIDX Camera Order Flip",
+        .name = "iidxflipcams",
+        .desc = "Flip the camera order",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "IIDX Disable Cameras",
+        .name = "iidxdisablecams",
+        .desc = "Disables cameras",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // IIDXTDJCamera
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Cam Hook (Experimental)",
+        .name = "iidxtdjcamhook",
+        .desc = "Experimental camera support for IIDX 27+. "
+            "Requires TDJ (010) DLL and camera(s) that support 16:9 YUY2 or NV12 encoding",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // IIDXTDJCameraRatio
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Cam Aspect Ratio",
+        .name = "iidxtdjcamhookratio",
+        .desc = "Determine what aspect ratio should be preferred for webcam input. Default: 16:9",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+        .elements = {
+            {"43", "4:3"},
+            {"169", "16:9"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        // IIDXTDJCameraOverride
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Cam Hook Offset Override",
+        .name = "iidxtdjcamhookoffset",
+        .desc = "Override DLL offsets for TDJ camera hook (-iidxtdjcamhook); "
+            "format: 4 hex values separated by commas "
+            "(offset_hook_a, offset_hook_b, offset_textures, offset_d3d_device)",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "0x5817a0,0x5ea3b0,0x6fffbd8,0xe0",
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "IIDX Sound Output Device",
+        .name = "iidxsounddevice",
+        .desc =
+            "SOUND_OUTPUT_DEVICE environment variable override. Default: auto. "
+            "Auto will use WASAPI, unless -iidxasio is set or if XONAR SOUND CARD is present, then ASIO is used.\n\n"
+            "Only IIDX27-30 will accept this option; ignored in other games",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+        .elements = {
+            {"auto", "Automatic"},
+            {"wasapi", "Windows Audio"},
+            {"asio", "ASIO"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "IIDX ASIO Driver",
+        .name = "iidxasio",
+        .desc = "ASIO driver name to use, replacing XONAR SOUND CARD(64). "
+            "String should match registry key under HKLM\\SOFTWARE\\ASIO\\. "
+            "IIDX is very picky about ASIO devices it can support, YMMV",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "IIDX BIO2 Firmware",
+        .name =  "iidxbio2fw",
+        .desc = "Enables BIO2 firmware updates",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Mode",
+        .name =  "iidxtdj",
+        .desc = "Enables TDJ cabinet mode. Ensure you also set -iidxsounddevice to desired option",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXDigitalTTSensitivity
+        .title = "IIDX Digital TT Sensitivity",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxdigitalttsens",
+        .display_name = "iidxdigitalttsens",
+        .aliases= "iidxdigitalttsens",
+        .desc = "Adjust sensitivity of turntable when digital input (buttons) is used. Does not affect analog input! Default: 4",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .setting_name = "(0-255)",
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXLDJForce720p
+        .title = "IIDX LDJ Force 720p (HD)",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxldjforce720p",
+        .display_name = "iidxldjforce720p",
+        .aliases= "iidxldjforce720p",
+        .desc = "Force Definition Type HD (720p) mode instead of FHD (1080p) for IIDX30+. Only for LDJ! TDJ is always FHD in IIDX30+",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXTDJSubSize
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Subscreen Size",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxtdjsubsize",
+        .display_name = "iidxtdjsubsize",
+        .aliases= "iidxtdjsubsize",
+        .desc = "Default size of the subscreen overlay.\n\nNote: in windowed mode, subscreen will always be full size.\n\nDefault: medium",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Overlay",
+        .elements = {
+            {"small", ""},
+            {"medium", ""},
+            {"large", ""},
+            {"fullscreen", ""},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXLEDFontSize
+        .title = "IIDX LED Ticker Font Size",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxledfontsize",
+        .display_name = "iidxledfontsize",
+        .aliases= "iidxledfontsize",
+        .desc = "Configure the font size of the segment display, in pixels. Default: 64 (px)",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Overlay",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXLEDColor
+        .title = "IIDX LED Ticker Color",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxledcolor",
+        .display_name = "iidxledcolor",
+        .aliases= "iidxledcolor",
+        .desc = "Configure the font color of the segment display; specify RGB value in hex. "
+                "Default: 0xff0000 (red)",
+        .type = OptionType::Hex,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Overlay",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXLEDPos
+        .title = "IIDX LED Ticker Position",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxledpos",
+        .display_name = "iidxledpos",
+        .aliases= "iidxledpos",
+        .desc = "Initial position of the segment display. Default: bottom",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Overlay",
+        .elements = {
+            {"topleft", ""},
+            {"top", ""},
+            {"topright", ""},
+            {"bottomleft", ""},
+            {"bottom", ""},
+            {"bottomright", ""},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Sound Voltex Module",
+        .name = "sdvx",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Sound Voltex Module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Force 720p",
+        .name = "sdvx720",
+        .desc = "Force Sound Voltex 720p display mode, used by older games. "
+            "For newer games, use window resize function instead",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Printer Emulation",
+        .name = "printer",
+        .desc = "Enable Sound Voltex printer emulation",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Printer Output Path",
+        .name = "printerpath",
+        .desc = "Path to folder where images will be stored",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Printer Output Clear",
+        .name = "printerclear",
+        .desc = "Clean up saved images in the output directory on startup",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Printer Output Overwrite",
+        .name = "printeroverwrite",
+        .desc = "Always overwrite the same file in output directory",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Printer Output Format",
+        .name = "printerformat",
+        .desc = "Path to folder where images will be stored",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "(png/bmp/tga/jpg)",
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Printer JPG Quality",
+        .name = "printerjpgquality",
+        .desc = "Quality setting in percent if JPG format is used",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .setting_name = "(0-100)",
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Disable Cameras",
+        .name = "sdvxdisablecams",
+        .desc = "Disables cameras",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SDVX Native Touch Handling",
+        .name = "sdvxnativetouch",
+        .desc = "Disables touch hooks and lets the game access a touch screen directly. "
+                "Requires a touch screen to be connected as a secondary monitor. "
+                "Touch input must be routed to the primary screen via Windows Tablet PC settings. "
+                "Enable this when you get duplicate touch inputs from an actual touch screen",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_SDVXDigitalKnobSensitivity
+        .title = "SDVX Digital Knob Sensitivity",
+        .name = "sp2x-sdvxdigitalknobsens",
+        .display_name = "sdvxdigitalknobsens",
+        .aliases= "sdvxdigitalknobsens",
+        .desc = "Adjust sensitivity of knobs when digital input (buttons) is used. Does not affect analog input! Default: 16",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .setting_name = "(0-255)",
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_SDVXAsioDriver
+        .title = "SDVX ASIO driver",
+        .name = "sp2x-sdvxasio",
+        .display_name = "sdvxasio",
+        .aliases= "sdvxasio",
+        .desc = "ASIO driver name to use, replacing XONAR SOUND CARD(64). "
+            "String should match registry key under HLKM\\SOFTWARE\\ASIO\\ "
+            "SDVX is EXTREMELY picky about ASIO devices it can support!",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_SDVXSubPos
+        .title = "SDVX Subscreen Overlay Position",
+        .name = "sp2x-sdvxsubpos",
+        .display_name = "sdvxsubpos",
+        .aliases= "sdvxsubpos",
+        .desc = "Location for the subscreen overlay. Default: bottom",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Overlay",
+        .elements = {{"top", ""}, {"center", ""}, {"bottom", ""}},
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_SDVXSubRedraw
+        .title = "SDVX Subscreen Force Redraw",
+        .name = "sp2x-sdvxsubredraw",
+        .display_name = "sdvxsubredraw",
+        .aliases= "sdvxsubredraw",
+        .desc = "Check if second monitor for subscreen doesn't update every frame; "
+            "forces subscreen to redraw every frame, only needed for newer EG.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load DDR Module",
+        .name = "ddr",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Dance Dance Revolution module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Dance Dance Revolution",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "DDR 4:3 Mode",
+        .name = "ddrsd/o",
+        .desc = "Enable DDR 4:3 (SD) mode",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Dance Dance Revolution",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Pop'n Music Module",
+        .name = "pnm",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Pop'n Music module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Pop'n Music",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Pop'n Music Force HD Mode",
+        .name = "pnmhd",
+        .desc = "Force enable Pop'n Music HD mode",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Pop'n Music",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Pop'n Music Force SD Mode",
+        .name = "pnmsd",
+        .desc = "Force enable Pop'n Music SD mode",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Pop'n Music",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load HELLO! Pop'n Music Module",
+        .name = "hpm",
+        .desc = "Manually enable HELLO! Pop'n Music module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "HELLO! Pop'n Music",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load GitaDora Module",
+        .name = "gd",
+        .desc = "Manually enable GitaDora module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "GitaDora",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "GitaDora Two Channel Audio",
+        .name = "2ch",
+        .desc = "Attempt to reduce audio channels down to just two channels.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "GitaDora",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "GitaDora Cabinet Type",
+        .name = "gdcabtype",
+        .desc = "Select cabinet type. DX has more input and lights. Pick SD2 for single player guitar mode on white cab",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .game_name = "GitaDora",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+        .elements = {{"1", "DX"}, {"2", "SD"}, {"3", "SD2 - white cab"}},
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Jubeat Module",
+        .name = "jb",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Jubeat module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Jubeat",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Reflec Beat Module",
+        .name = "rb",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Reflec Beat module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Reflec Beat",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Tenkaichi Shogikai Module",
+        .name = "shogikai",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Tenkaichi Shogikai module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Tenkaichi Shogikai",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Beatstream Module",
+        .name = "bs",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Beatstream module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatstream",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Nostalgia Module",
+        .name = "nostalgia",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Nostalgia module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Nostalgia",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Dance Evolution Module",
+        .name = "dea",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Dance Evolution module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Dance Evolution",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load FutureTomTom Module",
+        .name = "ftt",
+        .desc = "Manually enable FutureTomTom module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "FutureTomTom",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load BBC Module",
+        .name = "bbc",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Bishi Bashi Channel module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Bishi Bashi Channel",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Metal Gear Arcade Module",
+        .name = "mga",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Metal Gear Arcade module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Metal Gear",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Quiz Magic Academy Module",
+        .name = "qma",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Quiz Magic Academy module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Quiz Magic Academy",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Road Fighters 3D Module",
+        .name = "rf3d",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Road Fighters 3D module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Road Fighters 3D",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Steel Chronicle Module",
+        .name = "sc",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Steel Chronicle module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Steel Chronicle",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Mahjong Fight Club Module",
+        .name = "mfc",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Mahjong Fight Club module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Mahjong Fight Club",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Scotto Module",
+        .name = "scotto",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Scotto module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Scotto",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Dance Rush Module",
+        .name = "dr",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Dance Rush module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "DANCERUSH",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Winning Eleven Module",
+        .name = "we",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Winning Eleven module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Winning Eleven",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Otoca D'or Module",
+        .name = "otoca",
+        .desc = "Manually enable Otoca D'or module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Otoca D'or",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load LovePlus Module",
+        .name = "loveplus",
+        .desc = "manually enable LovePlus module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "LovePlus",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Charge Machine Module",
+        .name = "pcm",
+        .desc = "manually enable Charge Machine module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Charge Machine",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Ongaku Paradise Module",
+        .name = "onpara",
+        .desc = "manually enable Ongaku Paradise module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Ongaku Paradise",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Load Busou Shinki Module",
+        .name = "busou",
+        .desc = "manually enable Busou Shinki module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // LoadCCJModule
+        .title = "Force Load Chase Chase Jokers",
+        .name = "ccj",
+        .desc = "manually enable Chase Chase Jokers module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Chase Chase Jokers",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // LoadQKSModule
+        .title = "Force Load QuizKnock STADIUM",
+        .name = "qks",
+        .desc = "manually enable QuizKnock STADIUM module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "QuizKnock STADIUM",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // LoadMusecaModule
+        .title = "Force Load Museca",
+        .name = "museca",
+        .desc = "manually enable Museca module",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Museca",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Modules Folder Path",
+        .name = "modules",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom path to the modules folder",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Screenshot Folder Path",
+        .name = "screenshotpath",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom path to the screenshots folder",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Configuration Path",
+        .name = "cfgpath",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom file path for config file. Must be passed via the command line. "
+            "If left empty, %appdata%\\spicetools.xml will be used",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "(default)",
+        .category = "Paths",
+        .disabled = true,
+    },
+    {
+        // ScreenResizeConfigPath
+        .title = "Screen Resize Config Path",
+        .name = "resizecfgpath",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom file path for screen resize config file. "
+            "If left empty, %appdata%\\spicetools_screen_resize.json will be used",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Intel SDE Folder Path",
+        .name = "sde",
+        .desc = "Path to Intel SDE kit path for automatic attaching",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Path to ea3-config.xml",
+        .name = "e",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom path to ea3-config.xml",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Path to app-config.xml",
+        .name = "a",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom path to app-config.xml",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Path to avs-config.xml",
+        .name = "v",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom path to avs-config.xml",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Path to bootstrap.xml",
+        .name = "b",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom path to bootstrap.xml",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Path to log.txt",
+        .name = "y",
+        .desc = "Sets a custom path to log.txt",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Paths",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "API TCP Port",
+        .name = "api",
+        .desc = "Port the API should be listening on",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .category = "SpiceCompanion and API",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "API Password",
+        .name = "apipass",
+        .desc = "Set the custom user password needed to use the API",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "SpiceCompanion and API",
+        .sensitive = true,
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "API Verbose Logging",
+        .name = "apilogging",
+        .desc = "verbose logging of API activity",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "API (Dev)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "API Serial Port",
+        .name = "apiserial",
+        .desc = "Serial port the API should be listening on",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "API (Serial)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "API Serial Baud",
+        .name = "apiserialbaud",
+        .desc = "Baud rate for the serial port",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .category = "API (Serial)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "API Pretty",
+        .name = "apipretty",
+        .desc = "Slower, but pretty API output",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "API (Dev)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "API Debug Mode",
+        .name = "apidebug",
+        .desc = "Enables API debugging mode",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "API (Dev)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable All IO Modules",
+        .name = "io",
+        .desc = "Manually enable ALL IO emulation",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "I/O Modules",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable ACIO Module",
+        .name = "acio",
+        .desc = "Manually enable ACIO emulation",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "I/O Modules",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable ICCA Module",
+        .name = "icca",
+        .desc = "Manually enable ICCA emulation",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "I/O Modules",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable DEVICE Module",
+        .name = "device",
+        .desc = "Manually enable DEVICE emulation",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "I/O Modules",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable EXTDEV Module",
+        .name = "extdev",
+        .desc = "Manually enable EXTDEV emulation",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "I/O Modules",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable SCIUNIT Module",
+        .name = "sciunit",
+        .desc = "Manually enable SCIUNIT emulation",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "I/O Modules",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable device passthrough",
+        .name = "devicehookdisable",
+        .desc = "Disable I/O and serial device hooks",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "I/O Modules",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable Raw Input Touch",
+        .name = "wintouch",
+        .desc = "For touch screen input, disable usage of Raw Input API and instead use "
+                "Win8 Pointer API or Win7 Touch API. Only enable this if you have trouble "
+                "using the default (raw input) touch input, as Raw Input performs better",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Touch Parameters",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Force Touch Emulation",
+        .name = "touchemuforce",
+        .desc = "Force enable hook for GetTouchInputInfo API and inject WM_TOUCH events. "
+                "This is automatically turned on when needed, so it is not typically required to "
+                "turn it on manually. Do not enable this unless you have trouble",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Touch Parameters",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Invert Raw Input Touch",
+        .name = "touchinvert",
+        .desc = "Inverts raw touch coordinates; only works for default raw input handler, "
+                "and not Windows Touch API",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Touch Parameters",
+    },
+    {
+        // DisableTouchCardInsert
+        .title = "Disable Touch Card Insert (DEPRECATED - use -touchcard instead)",
+        .name = "touchnocard",
+        .desc = "Disables touch overlay card insert button.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .category = "Touch Parameters",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_TouchCardInsert
+        .title = "Show Insert Card button",
+        .name = "sp2x-touchcard",
+        .display_name = "touchcard",
+        .aliases= "touchcard",
+        .desc = "Show Insert Card touch button on main display",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Touch Parameters",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "ICCA Reader Port",
+        .name = "reader",
+        .desc = "Connects to and uses a ICCA on a given COM port",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "ICCA Reader Port (with toggle)",
+        .name = "togglereader",
+        .desc = "Connects to and uses a ICCA on a given COM port, and enabled NumLock toggling between P1/P2",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "CardIO HID Reader Support",
+        .name = "cardio",
+        .desc = "Enables detection and support of cardio HID readers",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "CardIO HID Reader Order Flip",
+        .name = "cardioflip",
+        .desc = "Flips the order of detection for P1/P2",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        // CardIOHIDReaderOrderToggle
+        .title = "CardIO HID Reader Order Toggle",
+        .name = "cardiotoggle",
+        .desc = "Toggles reader between P1/P2 using the NumLock key state",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "HID SmartCard",
+        .name = "scard",
+        .desc = "Detects and uses HID smart card readers for card input",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "HID SmartCard Order Flip",
+        .name = "scardflip",
+        .desc = "Flips the order of detection for P1/P2",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "HID SmartCard Order Toggle",
+        .name = "scardtoggle",
+        .desc = "Toggles reader between P1/P2 using the NumLock key state",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Card Readers",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "SextetStream Port",
+        .name = "sextet",
+        .desc = "Use a SextetStream device on a given COM port",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Miscellaneous",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Enable BemaniTools 5 API",
+        .name = "bt5api",
+        .desc = "Enables partial BemaniTools 5 API compatibility layer",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "BT5 API",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Realtime Process Priority (DEPRECATED - use -processpriority instead)",
+        .name = "realtime",
+        .desc = "Sets the process priority to realtime, can help with odd lag spikes.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .category = "Performance",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_ProcessPriority
+        .title = "Process Priority",
+        .name = "sp2x-processpriority",
+        .display_name = "processpriority",
+        .aliases= "processpriority",
+        .desc = "Sets the process priority, can help with odd lag spikes. Default: high",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Performance",
+        .elements = {
+            {"belownormal", ""},
+            {"normal", ""},
+            {"abovenormal", ""},
+            {"high", ""},
+            {"realtime", ""}
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_ProcessAffinity
+        .title = "Process Affinity",
+        .name = "sp2x-processaffinity",
+        .display_name = "processaffinity",
+        .aliases= "processaffinity",
+        .desc = "Set process affinity by calling SetProcessAffinityMask. "
+                "Must provide a hexadecimal mask (e.g., 0x1ff00)",
+        .type = OptionType::Hex,
+        .category = "Performance",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_ProcessorEfficiencyClass
+        .title = "Process Efficiency Class",
+        .name = "sp2x-processefficiency",
+        .display_name = "processefficiency",
+        .aliases= "processefficiency",
+        .desc = "Has no effect if -processaffinity is set. Default: Use all cores",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Performance",
+        .elements = {
+            {"all", "Use all cores"},
+            {"pcores", "Performant cores only"},
+            {"ecores", "Efficient cores only"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Heap Size",
+        .name = "h",
+        .desc = "Custom heap size in bytes",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    // TODO: remove this and create an ignore list
+    {
+        // DisableGSyncDetection
+        .title = "(REMOVED) Disable G-Sync Detection",
+        .name = "keepgsync",
+        .desc = "Broken feature that was not implemented correctly",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_NvapiProfile
+        .title = "NVIDIA profile optimization",
+        .name = "sp2x-nvprofile",
+        .display_name = "nvprofile",
+        .aliases= "nvprofile",
+        .desc = "Creates an NVIDIA application profile for spice(64).exe and applies GPU tweaks.\n\n"
+                "Disables G-SYNC by setting the Monitor Technology to 'Fixed Refresh', and the Power Management Mode to 'Prefer maximum performance'.\n\n"
+                "G-SYNC may fail to disable properly; try enabling full-screen optimizations (FSO) for spice(64).exe.\n\n"
+                "May not work as expected for some games; namely G-SYNC and SDVX ",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        // DisableAudioHooks
+        .title = "Disable All Spice Audio Hooks",
+        .name = "audiohookdisable",
+        .desc = "Disables all audio hooks, including device initialization and volume hooks.\n\n"
+            "Default: off (allow Spice to hook IMMDeviceEnumerator for and optionally let "
+                "you use a different backend instead of exclusive WASAPI).\n\n"
+            "Check this if you want games to natively access your audio device",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Audio",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_DisableVolumeHook
+        .title = "Disable Audio Volume Hook",
+        .name = "sp2x-volumehookdisable",
+        .display_name = "volumehookdisable",
+        .aliases= "volumehookdisable",
+        .desc = "Disables audio volume hook.\n\n"
+            "Default: off (prevent games from changing audio volume by hooking IAudioEndpointVolume).\n\n"
+            "Check this if you want games to freely change your volume",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Audio",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Spice Audio Hook Backend",
+        .name = "audiobackend",
+        .desc = "Selects the audio backend to use when spice audio hook is enabled, overriding exclusive WASAPI. "
+            " Does nothing for games that do not output to exclusive WASAPI",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Audio",
+        .elements = {{"asio", "ASIO"}, {"waveout", "waveOut"}},
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Spice Audio Hook ASIO Driver ID",
+        .name = "asiodriverid",
+        .desc = "Selects the ASIO driver id to use when Spice Audio Backend is set to ASIO",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .category = "Audio",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "WASAPI Dummy Context",
+        .name = "audiodummy",
+        .desc = "Uses a dummy `IAudioClient` context to maintain full audio control. "
+            "This is automatically enabled when required and not normally needed",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .category = "Audio",
+    },
+    {
+        // DelayBy5Seconds
+        .title = "Delay by 5 Seconds (DEPRECATED - use -sleepduration instead)",
+        .name = "sleep",
+        .desc = "Waits five seconds before starting the game",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true, // superseded by sp2x-sleep_duration
+        .category = "Miscellaneous",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_DelayByNSeconds
+        .title = "Delay Game Launch",
+        .name = "sp2x-sleepduration",
+        .display_name = "sleepduration",
+        .aliases= "sleepduration",
+        .desc = "Wait for N seconds before starting the game",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .category = "Miscellaneous",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Load KBT/KLD Stubs",
+        .name = "stubs",
+        .desc = "Enables loading kbt/kld stub files",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Adjust Display Orientation (DEPRECATED - use -autoorientation instead)",
+        .name = "adjustorientation",
+        .desc = "Automatically adjust the orientation of your display in portrait games. "
+                "WARNING: game may launch at incorrect refresh rate! Use in combination with "
+                "-graphics-force-refresh flag to fix.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true, // superseded by sp2x-autoorientation
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_AutoOrientation
+        .title = "Auto-rotate Display",
+        .name = "sp2x-autoorientation",
+        .display_name = "autoorientation",
+        .aliases= "autoorientation",
+        .desc = "Automatically adjust the orientation of your display when launched. "
+                "WARNING: game may launch at incorrect refresh rate! Use in combination with "
+                "-graphics-force-refresh and potentially either -9on12 or full-screen optimizations (FSO) to fix.",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+        // match graphics_orientation
+        .elements = {{"0", "90 (CW)"}, {"1", "270 (CCW)"}},
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Log Level",
+        .name = "loglevel",
+        .desc = "Set the level of detail that gets written to the log",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Performance",
+        .elements = {{"fatal", ""}, {"warning", ""}, {"info", ""}, {"misc", ""}, {"all", ""}, {"disable", ""}},
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "EA Automap",
+        .name = "automap",
+        .desc = "Enable automap in patch configuration",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "EA Netdump",
+        .name = "netdump",
+        .desc = "Enable automap in network dumping configuration",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Discord RPC AppID Override",
+        .name = "discordappid",
+        .desc = "Set the discord RPC AppID override",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Blocking Logger",
+        .name = "logblock",
+        .desc = "Slower but safer logging used for debugging",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Debug CreateFile",
+        .name = "createfiledebug",
+        .desc = "Outputs CreateFile debug prints",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Verbose Graphics Logging",
+        .name = "graphicsverbose",
+        .desc = "Enable the verbose logging of graphics hook code",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Verbose AVS Logging",
+        .name = "avsverbose",
+        .desc = "Enable the verbose logging of AVS filesystem functions",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable Colored Output",
+        .name = "nocolor",
+        .desc = "Disable terminal colors for log outputs to console",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable ACP Hook",
+        .name = "acphookdisable",
+        .desc = "Force disable advanced code pages hooks for encoding",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable Signal Handling",
+        .name = "signaldisable",
+        .desc = "Force disable signal handling",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable Debug Hooks",
+        .name = "dbghookdisable",
+        .desc = "Disable hooks for debug functions (e.g. OutputDebugString)",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Disable AVS VFS Drive Mount Redirection",
+        .name = "avs-redirect-disable",
+        .desc = "Disable D:/E:/F: AVS VFS mount redirection",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "Output PEB",
+        .name = "pebprint",
+        .desc = "Prints PEB on startup to console",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Development",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "QKS Arguments Override",
+        .name = "qksargs",
+        .desc = "Command line arguments passed to the game.",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "",
+        .game_name = "QuizKnock STADIUM",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "CCJ Arguments Override",
+        .name = "ccjargs",
+        .desc = "Command line arguments passed to the game. "
+            "If left blank, '-nomatchselect' is applied, which disables matchmaking debug menu",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "",
+        .game_name = "Chase Chase Jokers",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "CCJ Mouse Trackball",
+        .name = "ccjmousetb",
+        .desc = "Use mouse for trackball input; disables any keyboard / joystick control for the trackball. "\
+            "Hold RMB and move the cursor to control the trackball",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Chase Chase Jokers",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "CCJ Mouse Trackball Toggle",
+        .name = "ccjmousetbt",
+        .desc = "Instead of holding RMB, click RMB to toggle trackball input",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Chase Chase Jokers",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        .title = "CCJ Trackball Sensitivity",
+        .name = "ccjtrackballsens",
+        .desc = "Adjust sensitivity of trackball. Affects both digital and analog input. Default: 10",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .setting_name = "(0-255)",
+        .game_name = "Chase Chase Jokers",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_LightsOverallBrightness
+        .title = "Lights Brightness Adjustment",
+        .name = "sp2x-lights-brightness",
+        .display_name = "lightsbrightness",
+        .aliases= "lightsbrightness",
+        .desc = "Modify HID output values, measured in %. Default is 100. "
+                "Requires compatible hardware, not just any LED",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .setting_name = "(0-100)",
+        .category = "Lights Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_WindowBorder
+        .title = "Window Border Style",
+        .name = "sp2x-windowborder",
+        .display_name = "windowborder",
+        .aliases= "windowborder",
+        .desc = "For windowed mode: overrides window border style. "
+            "Does not work for all games; can possibly make the game crash! "
+            "Can also be changed in Screen Resize window (default F11)",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Graphics (Windowed)",
+        // match cfg::WindowDecorationMode
+        .elements = {
+            {"0", "default"},
+            {"1", "borderless"},
+            {"2", "resizable window"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_WindowSize
+        .title = "Window Size",
+        .name = "sp2x-windowsize",
+        .display_name = "windowsize",
+        .aliases= "windowsize",
+        .desc = "For windowed mode: override for window size, width and height separated by comma. "
+            "Can also be changed in Screen Resize window (default F11)",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "1280,720",
+        .category = "Graphics (Windowed)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_WindowPosition
+        .title = "Window Position",
+        .name = "sp2x-windowpos",
+        .display_name = "windowpos",
+        .aliases= "windowpos",
+        .desc = "For windowed mode: override for window position, x and y separated by comma. "
+            "Can also be changed in Screen Resize window (default F11)",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "120,240",
+        .category = "Graphics (Windowed)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_WindowAlwaysOnTop
+        .title = "Window Always on Top",
+        .name = "sp2x-windowalwaysontop",
+        .display_name = "windowalwaysontop",
+        .aliases= "windowalwaysontop",
+        .desc = "For windowed mode: make window to be always on top of other windows. "
+            "Can also be changed in Screen Resize window (default F11)",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Graphics (Windowed)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenSize
+        .title = "IIDX Windowed Subscreen Size",
+        .name = "iidxwsubsize",
+        .desc = "Size of the subscreen window. Defaults to (1280,720).",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "1280,720",
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Graphics (Windowed)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenPosition
+        .title = "IIDX Windowed Subscreen Position",
+        .name = "iidxwsubpos",
+        .desc = "Initial position of the subscreen window. Defaults to (0,0).",
+        .type = OptionType::Text,
+        .setting_name = "0,0",
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Graphics (Windowed)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_JubeatLegacyTouch
+        .title = "JB Legacy Touch Targets",
+        .name = "sp2x-jubeatlegacytouch",
+        .display_name = "jubeatlegacytouch",
+        .aliases= "jubeatlegacytouch",
+        .desc = "For touch screen players - use the legacy & less accurate grid-based layout for touch recognition, "
+            "instead of the new & more accurate touch targets. Default: off",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Jubeat",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_RBTouchScale
+        .title = "RB Scale Touch Input",
+        .name = "sp2x-rbscaletouch",
+        .display_name = "rbscaletouch",
+        .aliases= "rbscaletouch",
+        .desc = "Apply scaling to make touch area smaller than the screen. "
+            "Specify a number out of 1000 (e.g., 800 means 80%). Default: 1000",
+        .type = OptionType::Integer,
+        .game_name = "Reflec Beat",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_AsioForceUnload
+        .title = "ASIO Force Unload On Stop",
+        .name = "sp2x-asioforceunload",
+        .display_name = "asioforceunload",
+        .aliases= "asioforceunload",
+        .desc = "For certain buggy ASIO drivers, force unload of ASIO driver when audio stream stops. "
+            "Used for working around ASIO drivers that lock up after force quitting games",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Audio",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXNoESpec
+        .title = "IIDX Disable E-spec I/O",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxnoespec",
+        .display_name = "iidxnoespec",
+        .aliases= "iidxnoespec",
+        .desc = "Disable I/O emulation for E-spec I/O upgrade (GELDJ-JX kit)",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options (Advanced)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXWindowedTDJ
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Windowed Mode (DEPRECATED - just use -iidxtdj and -w together)",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxtdjw",
+        .display_name = "iidxtdjw",
+        .aliases= "iidxtdjw",
+        .desc = "Enable TDJ, optimized for windowed mode. "
+            "Press Toggle Subscreen button and use your mouse on the main window.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_DRSDisableTouch
+        .title = "DRS Disable Touch Input",
+        .name = "sp2x-drsdisabletouch",
+        .display_name = "drsdisabletouch",
+        .aliases= "drsdisabletouch",
+        .desc = "Disables multitouch input",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "DANCERUSH",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_DRSTransposeTouch
+        .title = "DRS Transpose Touch Input",
+        .name = "sp2x-drstransposetouch",
+        .display_name = "drstransposetouch",
+        .aliases= "drstransposetouch",
+        .desc = "Swap x and y values of touch input",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "DANCERUSH",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXNativeTouch
+        .title = "IIDX Native Touch Handling",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxnativetouch",
+        .display_name = "iidxnativetouch",
+        .aliases= "iidxnativetouch",
+        .desc = "Disables touch hooks and lets the game access a touch screen directly. "
+                "Requires a touch screen to be connected as a secondary monitor. "
+                "Touch input must be routed to the primary screen via Windows Tablet PC settings. "
+                "Enable this when you get duplicate touch inputs from an actual touch screen",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXNoSub
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Subscreen Disable",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxnosub",
+        .display_name = "iidxnosub",
+        .aliases= "iidxnosub",
+        .desc = "Prevents TDJ subscreen from launching a separate window.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_IIDXEmulateSubscreenKeypadTouch
+        .title = "IIDX TDJ Subscreen Keypad Touch Emulation",
+        .name = "sp2x-iidxsubpoke",
+        .display_name = "iidxsubpoke",
+        .aliases = "iidxsubpoke",
+        .desc = "Emulates touches on TDJ subscreen when keypad input is received. "
+            "Should be used along with 'Unscramble Touch Screen Keypad in TDJ' patch. "
+            "00 is mapped to erase button, and Decimal is shows/hides the keypad",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Beatmania IIDX",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_AutoCard
+        .title = "Auto Card Insert",
+        .name = "sp2x-autocard",
+        .display_name = "autocard",
+        .aliases= "autocard",
+        .desc =
+            "Periodically present virtual card(s) to the reader, removing the need to press Insert Card button. "
+            "Only applies to local virtual cards (-card0, -card1, or card0/1.txt), "
+            "do not use with physical card reader or API.",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Network",
+        .elements = {
+            {"off", ""},
+            {"p1", ""},
+            {"p2", ""},
+            {"both", ""},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_LowLatencySharedAudio
+        .title = "Low Latency Shared Audio",
+        .name = "sp2x-lowlatencysharedaudio",
+        .display_name = "lowlatencysharedaudio",
+        .aliases= "lowlatencysharedaudio",
+        .desc = "Force the usage of smallest buffer size supported by the device when shared mode audio is used. "
+            "Works for games using DirectSound or shared WASAPI; no effect for exclusive WASAPI and ASIO. " 
+            "For best results (under 10ms), use the default Windows inbox audio driver instead of manufacturer supplied driver. " 
+            "Requires Windows 10 and above",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Audio",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_TapeLedAlgorithm
+        .title = "Tape LED Avg Algorithm",
+        .name = "sp2x-tapeledalgo",
+        .display_name = "tapeledalgo",
+        .aliases= "tapeledalgo",
+        .desc = "For games with light arrays, determine the algorithm that is used to translate them into a single light binding in Lights tab. "
+        "Only applies to IIDX, SDVX, and DDR for now. Default: mid",
+        .type = OptionType::Enum,
+        .category = "Lights Options",
+        .elements = {
+            {"off", "Off"},
+            {"first", "First LED"},
+            {"mid", "Middle LED"},
+            {"last", "Last LED"},
+            {"avg", "Average color"},
+        },
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_NoNVAPI
+        .title = "NVAPI Block",
+        .name = "sp2x-nonvapi",
+        .display_name = "nonvapi",
+        .aliases= "nonvapi",
+        .desc = "Completely block the game from accessing NVAPI. Can be used if NVAPI is returning undesirable "
+            "results to the game (e.g., wrong values from NvDisplayConfig for SDVX). You may need to apply additional "
+            "hex edits in order to boot the game correctly",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_NoD3D9DeviceHook
+        .title = "Disable D3D9 Device Hook (DEPRECATED - no longer needed for TDJ recording)",
+        .name = "sp2x-nod3d9devhook",
+        .display_name = "nod3d9devhook",
+        .aliases= "nod3d9devhook",
+        .desc = "This was previously required for TDJ play recording, but as of 2024-08-04, it is no longer needed. "
+            "Completely disable all DXD9 device hook, preventing features like Spice overlay, subscreen window, "
+            "screenshots, screen resize, touch emulation, streaming to Companion, etc.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .hidden = true,
+        .category = "Graphics (Common)",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_SDVXNoSub
+        .title = "SDVX Subscreen Disable",
+        .name = "sp2x-sdvxnosub",
+        .display_name = "sdvxnosub",
+        .aliases= "sdvxnosub",
+        .desc = "Prevents VM subscreen from launching a separate window.",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .game_name = "Sound Voltex",
+        .category = "Game Options",
+    },
+    {
+        // spice2x_EnableSMXStage
+        .title = "StepmaniaX Stage Lighting Support",
+        .name = "sp2x-smx-stage",
+        .display_name = "smxstage",
+        .aliases= "smxstage",
+        .desc = "StepmaniaX stage will show up as a device that can recieve lighting output. "
+            "For configurator, restart spicecfg.exe after enabling this to have the device show up for binding",
+        .type = OptionType::Bool,
+        .category = "Lights Options",
+    },
+};
+
+const std::vector<std::string> &launcher::get_categories(Options::OptionsCategory category) {
+    switch (category) {
+        case Options::OptionsCategory::API:
+            return CATEGORY_ORDER_API;
+        case Options::OptionsCategory::Basic:
+            return CATEGORY_ORDER_BASIC;
+        case Options::OptionsCategory::Advanced:
+            return CATEGORY_ORDER_ADVANCED;
+        case Options::OptionsCategory::Dev:
+            return CATEGORY_ORDER_DEV;
+        case Options::OptionsCategory::Everything:
+        default:
+            return CATEGORY_ORDER_NONE;
+    }
+}
+
+const std::vector<OptionDefinition> &launcher::get_option_definitions() {
+    return OPTION_DEFINITIONS;
+}
+
+std::unique_ptr<std::vector<Option>> launcher::parse_options(int argc, char *argv[]) {
+
+    // generate options
+    auto &definitions = get_option_definitions();
+    auto options = std::make_unique<std::vector<Option>>();
+
+    options->reserve(definitions.size());
+
+    for (auto &definition : definitions) {
+
+        // create aliases
+        std::vector<std::string> aliases;
+        aliases.push_back(definition.name);
+        if (!definition.aliases.empty()) {
+            strsplit(definition.aliases, aliases, '/');
+        }
+
+        // create option
+        auto &option = options->emplace_back(definition, "");
+
+        // check if enabled
+        for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+
+            // ignore leading '-' characters
+            auto argument = argv[i];
+            while (argument[0] == '-') {
+                argument++;
+            }
+
+            // check aliases
+            for (const auto &alias : aliases) {
+                if (_stricmp(alias.c_str(), argument) == 0) {
+                    switch (definition.type) {
+                        case OptionType::Bool: {
+                            option.value_add("/ENABLED");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case OptionType::Integer: {
+                            if (++i >= argc) {
+                                log_fatal("options", "missing parameter for -{}", alias);
+                            } else {
+                                // validate it is an integer
+                                char *p;
+                                strtol(argv[i], &p, 10);
+                                if (*p) {
+                                    log_fatal("options", "parameter for -{} is not a number: {}", alias, argv[i]);
+                                } else {
+                                    option.value_add(argv[i]);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case OptionType::Hex: {
+                            if (++i >= argc) {
+                                log_fatal("options", "missing parameter for -{}", alias);
+                            } else {
+                                // validate it is an integer
+                                try {
+                                    std::stoull(argv[i], nullptr, 16);
+                                } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
+                                    log_fatal("options", "parameter for -{} is not a hex number: {}", alias, argv[i]);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case OptionType::Enum:
+                        case OptionType::Text: {
+                            if (++i >= argc) {
+                                log_fatal("options", "missing parameter for -{}", alias);
+                            } else {
+                                option.value_add(argv[i]);
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        default: {
+                            log_warning("options", "unknown option type: {} (-{})", definition.type, alias);
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // positional arguments
+    std::vector<std::string> positional;
+    for (int i = 1; i < argc; i++) {
+
+        // check if enabled
+        bool found = false;
+        for (auto &definition : definitions) {
+
+            // create aliases
+            std::vector<std::string> aliases;
+            aliases.push_back(definition.name);
+            if (!definition.aliases.empty()) {
+                strsplit(definition.aliases, aliases, '/');
+            }
+
+            // ignore leading '-' characters
+            auto argument = argv[i];
+            while (argument[0] == '-') {
+                argument++;
+            }
+
+            // check aliases
+            for (const auto &alias : aliases) {
+                if (_stricmp(alias.c_str(), argument) == 0) {
+                    found = true;
+                    switch (definition.type) {
+                        case OptionType::Bool:
+                            break;
+                        case OptionType::Integer:
+                        case OptionType::Hex:
+                        case OptionType::Text:
+                        case OptionType::Enum:
+                            i++;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // early quit
+            if (found) {
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // positional argument
+        if (!found && *argv[i] != '-') {
+            positional.emplace_back(argv[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // game executable
+    if (!positional.empty()) {
+        options->at(launcher::Options::GameExecutable).value = positional[0];
+    }
+
+    // return vector
+    return options;
+}
+
+std::vector<Option> launcher::merge_options(
+        const std::vector<Option> &options,
+        const std::vector<Option> &overrides)
+{
+    std::vector<Option> merged;
+
+    for (const auto &option : options) {
+        for (const auto &override : overrides) {
+            if (option.get_definition().name == override.get_definition().name) {
+                if (override.is_active()) {
+                    if (option.is_active()) {
+                        auto &new_option = merged.emplace_back(option.get_definition(), "");
+                        new_option.disabled = true;
+
+                        for (auto &value : option.values()) {
+                            new_option.value_add(value);
+                        }
+                        for (auto &value : override.values()) {
+                            new_option.value_add(value);
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        auto &new_option = merged.emplace_back(override.get_definition(), "");
+                        new_option.disabled = true;
+
+                        for (auto &value : override.values()) {
+                            new_option.value_add(value);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    merged.push_back(option);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return merged;
+}
+
+std::string launcher::detect_bootstrap_release_code() {
+    std::string bootstrap_path = "prop/bootstrap.xml";
+
+    // load XML
+    tinyxml2::XMLDocument bootstrap;
+    if (bootstrap.LoadFileA(bootstrap_path.c_str()) != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("options", "unable to parse {}", bootstrap_path);
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    // find release_code
+    auto node_root = bootstrap.LastChild();
+    if (node_root) {
+        auto node_release_code = node_root->FirstChildElement("release_code");
+        if (node_release_code) {
+            return node_release_code->GetText();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // failure
+    log_warning("options", "no release_code found in {}", bootstrap_path);
+    return "";
+}
+
+static launcher::GameVersion detect_gameversion_ident() {
+
+    // detect ea3-ident path
+    std::string ident_path;
+    if (fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-ident.xml")) {
+        ident_path = "prop/ea3-ident.xml";
+    }
+    if (ident_path.empty()) {
+        log_warning("options", "unable to detect ea3-ident.xml file");
+        return launcher::GameVersion();
+    }
+
+    // load XML
+    tinyxml2::XMLDocument ea3_ident;
+    if (ea3_ident.LoadFileA(ident_path.c_str()) != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("options", "unable to parse {}", ident_path);
+        return launcher::GameVersion();
+    }
+
+    // find model string
+    auto node_root = ea3_ident.LastChild();
+    if (node_root) {
+        auto node_soft = node_root->FirstChildElement("soft");
+        if (node_soft) {
+            launcher::GameVersion version;
+            bool error = true;
+            auto node_model = node_soft->FirstChildElement("model");
+            if (node_model) {
+                version.model = node_model->GetText();
+                error = false;
+            }
+            auto node_dest = node_soft->FirstChildElement("dest");
+            if (node_dest) {
+                version.dest = node_dest->GetText();
+            }
+            auto node_spec = node_soft->FirstChildElement("spec");
+            if (node_spec) {
+                version.spec = node_spec->GetText();
+            }
+            auto node_rev = node_soft->FirstChildElement("rev");
+            if (node_rev) {
+                version.rev = node_rev->GetText();
+            }
+            auto node_ext = node_soft->FirstChildElement("ext");
+            if (node_ext) {
+                version.ext = node_ext->GetText();
+                auto bootstrap_ext = launcher::detect_bootstrap_release_code();
+                if (version.ext.size() != 10 && bootstrap_ext.size() == 10) {
+                    version.ext = bootstrap_ext;
+                } else if (bootstrap_ext.size() == 10) {
+                    int ext_cur = 0;
+                    int ext_new = 0;
+                    try {
+                        ext_cur = std::stoi(version.ext);
+                        try {
+                            ext_new = std::stoi(bootstrap_ext);
+                            if (ext_new > ext_cur) {
+                                version.ext = bootstrap_ext;
+                            }
+                        } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
+                            log_warning("options", "unable to parse soft/ext: {}", bootstrap_ext);
+                        }
+                    } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
+                        log_warning("options", "unable to parse soft/ext: {}", version.ext);
+                        version.ext = bootstrap_ext;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!error) {
+                log_info("options", "using model {}:{}:{}:{}:{} from {}",
+                         version.model, version.dest, version.spec, version.rev, version.ext,
+                         ident_path);
+                return version;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // error
+    log_warning("options", "unable to find /ea3_conf/soft/model in {}", ident_path);
+    return launcher::GameVersion();
+}
+
+launcher::GameVersion launcher::detect_gameversion(const std::string &ea3_user) {
+
+    // detect ea3-config path
+    std::string ea3_path;
+    if (!ea3_user.empty()) {
+        ea3_path = ea3_user;
+    } else if (fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-config.xml")) {
+        ea3_path = "prop/ea3-config.xml";
+    } else if (fileutils::file_exists("prop/ea3-cfg.xml")) {
+        ea3_path = "prop/ea3-cfg.xml";
+    } else if (fileutils::file_exists("prop/eamuse-config.xml")) {
+        ea3_path = "prop/eamuse-config.xml";
+    }
+    if (ea3_path.empty()) {
+        log_warning("options", "unable to detect EA3 configuration file");
+        return detect_gameversion_ident();
+    }
+
+    // load XML
+    tinyxml2::XMLDocument ea3_config;
+    if (ea3_config.LoadFileA(ea3_path.c_str()) != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+        log_warning("options", "unable to parse {}", ea3_path);
+        log_warning("options", "trying again with improper XML header removed...");
+
+        // below: dirty hack to deal with bad ea3 xml file with comments in the beginning
+        // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19100408/tinyxml-any-way-to-skip-problematic-doctype-tag
+
+        // Open the file and read it into a vector
+        std::ifstream ifs(ea3_path.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+        std::ifstream::pos_type fsize = ifs.tellg();
+        ifs.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+        std::vector<char> bytes(fsize);
+        ifs.read(&bytes[0], fsize);
+
+        // Create string from vector
+        std::string xml_str(&bytes[0], fsize);
+
+        // Skip unsupported statements
+        size_t pos = 0;
+        while (true) {
+            pos = xml_str.find_first_of("<", pos);
+            if (xml_str[pos + 1] == '?' || // <?xml...
+                xml_str[pos + 1] == '!') { // <!DOCTYPE... or [<!ENTITY...
+                // Skip this line
+                pos = xml_str.find_first_of("\n", pos);
+            } else
+                break;
+        }
+        xml_str = xml_str.substr(pos);
+
+        // replace with fixed one
+        ea3_config.Clear();
+        if (ea3_config.Parse(xml_str.c_str()) != tinyxml2::XML_SUCCESS) {
+            // if we still failed, give up
+            log_warning("options", "unable to parse fixed xml");
+            return detect_gameversion_ident();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // find model string
+    auto node_root = ea3_config.LastChild();
+    if (node_root) {
+        auto node_soft = node_root->FirstChildElement("soft");
+        if (node_soft) {
+            GameVersion version;
+            bool error = true;
+            auto node_model = node_soft->FirstChildElement("model");
+            if (node_model) {
+                version.model = node_model->GetText();
+                error = false;
+            }
+            auto node_dest = node_soft->FirstChildElement("dest");
+            if (node_dest) {
+                version.dest = node_dest->GetText();
+            }
+            auto node_spec = node_soft->FirstChildElement("spec");
+            if (node_spec) {
+                version.spec = node_spec->GetText();
+            }
+            auto node_rev = node_soft->FirstChildElement("rev");
+            if (node_rev) {
+                version.rev = node_rev->GetText();
+            }
+            auto node_ext = node_soft->FirstChildElement("ext");
+            if (node_ext) {
+                version.ext = node_ext->GetText();
+                auto bootstrap_ext = launcher::detect_bootstrap_release_code();
+                if (version.ext.size() != 10 && bootstrap_ext.size() == 10) {
+                    version.ext = bootstrap_ext;
+                } else if (bootstrap_ext.size() == 10) {
+                    int ext_cur = 0;
+                    int ext_new = 0;
+                    try {
+                        ext_cur = std::stoi(version.ext);
+                        try {
+                            ext_new = std::stoi(bootstrap_ext);
+                            if (ext_new > ext_cur) {
+                                version.ext = bootstrap_ext;
+                            }
+                        } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
+                            log_warning("options", "unable to parse soft/ext: {}", bootstrap_ext);
+                        }
+                    } catch (const std::exception &ex) {
+                        log_warning("options", "unable to parse soft/ext: {}", version.ext);
+                        version.ext = bootstrap_ext;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (!error) {
+                log_info("options", "using model {}:{}:{}:{}:{} from {}",
+                         version.model, version.dest, version.spec, version.rev, version.ext,
+                         ea3_path);
+                return version;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // error
+    log_warning("options", "unable to find /ea3/soft/model in {}", ea3_path);
+    return detect_gameversion_ident();
+}
diff --git a/launcher/options.h b/launcher/options.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1434714
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/options.h
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "cfg/option.h"
+
+namespace launcher {
+
+    // options list - order matters
+    namespace Options {
+        enum {
+            GameExecutable,
+            OpenConfigurator,
+            OpenKFControl,
+            EAmusementEmulation,
+            ServiceURL,
+            PCBID,
+            Player1Card,
+            Player2Card,
+            WindowedMode,
+            InjectHook,
+            ExecuteScript,
+            CaptureCursor,
+            ShowCursor,
+            DisplayAdapter,
+            GraphicsForceRefresh,
+            GraphicsForceSingleAdapter,
+            Graphics9On12,
+            spice2x_Dx9On12,
+            NoLegacy,
+            RichPresence,
+            SmartEAmusement,
+            EAmusementMaintenance,
+            spice2x_EAmusementMaintenance,
+            AdapterNetwork,
+            AdapterSubnet,
+            DisableNetworkFixes,
+            HTTP11,
+            DisableSSL,
+            URLSlash,
+            SOFTID,
+            VREnable,
+            DisableOverlay,
+            spice2x_FpsAutoShow,
+            spice2x_SubScreenAutoShow,
+            spice2x_IOPanelAutoShow,
+            spice2x_KeypadAutoShow,
+            LoadIIDXModule,
+            IIDXCameraOrderFlip,
+            IIDXDisableCameras,
+            IIDXTDJCamera,
+            IIDXTDJCameraRatio,
+            IIDXTDJCameraOverride,
+            IIDXSoundOutputDevice,
+            IIDXAsioDriver,
+            IIDXBIO2FW,
+            IIDXTDJMode,
+            spice2x_IIDXDigitalTTSensitivity,
+            spice2x_IIDXLDJForce720p,
+            spice2x_IIDXTDJSubSize,
+            spice2x_IIDXLEDFontSize,
+            spice2x_IIDXLEDColor,
+            spice2x_IIDXLEDPos,
+            LoadSoundVoltexModule,
+            SDVXForce720p,
+            SDVXPrinterEmulation,
+            SDVXPrinterOutputPath,
+            SDVXPrinterOutputClear,
+            SDVXPrinterOutputOverwrite,
+            SDVXPrinterOutputFormat,
+            SDVXPrinterJPGQuality,
+            SDVXDisableCameras,
+            SDVXNativeTouch,
+            spice2x_SDVXDigitalKnobSensitivity,
+            spice2x_SDVXAsioDriver,
+            spice2x_SDVXSubPos,
+            spice2x_SDVXSubRedraw,
+            LoadDDRModule,
+            DDR43Mode,
+            LoadPopnMusicModule,
+            PopnMusicForceHDMode,
+            PopnMusicForceSDMode,
+            LoadHelloPopnMusicModule,
+            LoadGitaDoraModule,
+            GitaDoraTwoChannelAudio,
+            GitaDoraCabinetType,
+            LoadJubeatModule,
+            LoadReflecBeatModule,
+            LoadShogikaiModule,
+            LoadBeatstreamModule,
+            LoadNostalgiaModule,
+            LoadDanceEvolutionModule,
+            LoadFutureTomTomModule,
+            LoadBBCModule,
+            LoadMetalGearArcadeModule,
+            LoadQuizMagicAcademyModule,
+            LoadRoadFighters3DModule,
+            LoadSteelChronicleModule,
+            LoadMahjongFightClubModule,
+            LoadScottoModule,
+            LoadDanceRushModule,
+            LoadWinningElevenModule,
+            LoadOtocaModule,
+            LoadLovePlusModule,
+            LoadChargeMachineModule,
+            LoadOngakuParadiseModule,
+            LoadBusouShinkiModule,
+            LoadCCJModule,
+            LoadQKSModule,
+            LoadMusecaModule,
+            PathToModules,
+            ScreenshotFolder,
+            ConfigurationPath,
+            ScreenResizeConfigPath,
+            IntelSDEFolder,
+            PathToEa3Config,
+            PathToAppConfig,
+            PathToAvsConfig,
+            PathToBootstrap,
+            PathToLog,
+            APITCPPort,
+            APIPassword,
+            APIVerboseLogging,
+            APISerialPort,
+            APISerialBaud,
+            APIPretty,
+            APIDebugMode,
+            EnableAllIOModules,
+            EnableACIOModule,
+            EnableICCAModule,
+            EnableDEVICEModule,
+            EnableEXTDEVModule,
+            EnableSCIUNITModule,
+            EnableDevicePassthrough,
+            ForceWinTouch,
+            ForceTouchEmulation,
+            InvertTouchCoordinates,
+            DisableTouchCardInsert,
+            spice2x_TouchCardInsert,
+            ICCAReaderPort,
+            ICCAReaderPortToggle,
+            CardIOHIDReaderSupport,
+            CardIOHIDReaderOrderFlip,
+            CardIOHIDReaderOrderToggle,
+            HIDSmartCard,
+            HIDSmartCardOrderFlip,
+            HIDSmartCardOrderToggle,
+            SextetStreamPort,
+            EnableBemaniTools5API,
+            RealtimeProcessPriority,
+            spice2x_ProcessPriority,
+            spice2x_ProcessAffinity,
+            spice2x_ProcessorEfficiencyClass,
+            HeapSize,
+            DisableGSyncDetection,
+            spice2x_NvapiProfile,
+            DisableAudioHooks,
+            spice2x_DisableVolumeHook,
+            AudioBackend,
+            AsioDriverId,
+            AudioDummy,
+            DelayBy5Seconds,
+            spice2x_DelayByNSeconds,
+            LoadStubs,
+            AdjustOrientation,
+            spice2x_AutoOrientation,
+            LogLevel,
+            EAAutomap,
+            EANetdump,
+            DiscordAppID,
+            BlockingLogger,
+            DebugCreateFile,
+            VerboseGraphicsLogging,
+            VerboseAVSLogging,
+            DisableColoredOutput,
+            DisableACPHook,
+            DisableSignalHandling,
+            DisableDebugHooks,
+            DisableAvsVfsDriveMountRedirection,
+            OutputPEB,
+            QKSArgs,
+            CCJArgs,
+            CCJMouseTrackball,
+            CCJMouseTrackballWithToggle,
+            CCJTrackballSensitivity,
+            spice2x_LightsOverallBrightness,
+            spice2x_WindowBorder,
+            spice2x_WindowSize,
+            spice2x_WindowPosition,
+            spice2x_WindowAlwaysOnTop,
+            spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenSize,
+            spice2x_IIDXWindowedSubscreenPosition,
+            spice2x_JubeatLegacyTouch,
+            spice2x_RBTouchScale,
+            spice2x_AsioForceUnload,
+            spice2x_IIDXNoESpec,
+            spice2x_IIDXWindowedTDJ,
+            spice2x_DRSDisableTouch,
+            spice2x_DRSTransposeTouch,
+            spice2x_IIDXNativeTouch,
+            spice2x_IIDXNoSub,
+            spice2x_IIDXEmulateSubscreenKeypadTouch,
+            spice2x_AutoCard,
+            spice2x_LowLatencySharedAudio,
+            spice2x_TapeLedAlgorithm,
+            spice2x_NoNVAPI,
+            spice2x_NoD3D9DeviceHook,
+            spice2x_SDVXNoSub,
+            spice2x_EnableSMXStage,
+        };
+
+        enum class OptionsCategory {
+            Everything,
+            Basic,
+            Advanced,
+            Dev,
+            API
+        };
+    }
+
+    const std::vector<std::string> &get_categories(Options::OptionsCategory category);
+    const std::vector<OptionDefinition> &get_option_definitions();
+    std::unique_ptr<std::vector<Option>> parse_options(int argc, char *argv[]);
+    std::vector<Option> merge_options(const std::vector<Option> &options, const std::vector<Option> &overrides);
+
+    struct GameVersion {
+        std::string model;
+        std::string dest;
+        std::string spec;
+        std::string rev;
+        std::string ext;
+    };
+
+    std::string detect_bootstrap_release_code();
+    GameVersion detect_gameversion(const std::string& ea3_user);
+}
diff --git a/launcher/richpresence.cpp b/launcher/richpresence.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ef5ab9c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/richpresence.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+#include "richpresence.h"
+#include <external/robin_hood.h>
+#include "external/discord-rpc/include/discord_rpc.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+namespace richpresence {
+
+    namespace discord {
+
+        // application IDs
+        static robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> APP_IDS = {
+                {"Sound Voltex", "1225989533317992509"},
+                {"Beatmania IIDX", "1225993043010912258"},
+                {"Jubeat", "1226662675497484288"},
+                {"Dance Evolution", "1226662773010727003"},
+                {"Beatstream", "1226664029666152600"},
+                {"Metal Gear", "1226664830178693291"},
+                {"Reflec Beat", "1226666988450087012"},
+                {"Pop'n Music", "1226667130033016922"},
+                {"Steel Chronicle", "1226669022859231293"},
+                {"Road Fighters 3D", "1226669786017042493"},
+                {"Museca", "1226669886579802252"},
+                {"Bishi Bashi Channel", "1226671221467512853"},
+                {"GitaDora", "1226671586661371945"},
+                {"Dance Dance Revolution", "1226672373143699456"},
+                {"Nostalgia", "1226680552963309618"},
+                {"Quiz Magic Academy", "1226681569989754941"},
+                {"FutureTomTom", "1226693733484068974"},
+                {"Mahjong Fight Club", "1226693952829128714"},
+                {"HELLO! Pop'n Music", "1226695294838898761"},
+                {"LovePlus", "1226702489659641896"},
+                {"Tenkaichi Shogikai", "1226703627687559218"},
+                {"DANCERUSH", "1226709135828193282"},
+                {"Scotto", "1226716024305619016"},
+                {"Winning Eleven", "1226721709500137574"},
+                {"Otoca D'or", "1226737298285133836"},
+                {"Charge Machine", "1226739364126654516"},
+                {"Ongaku Paradise", "1226739545559531621"},
+                {"Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor", "1226739666741366916"},
+                {"Chase Chase Jokers", "1226739863915593770"},
+                {"QuizKnock STADIUM", "1226739930328334478"},
+        };
+
+        // state
+        std::string APPID_OVERRIDE = "";
+        bool INITIALIZED = false;
+
+        void ready(const DiscordUser *request) {
+            log_warning("richpresence:discord", "ready");
+        }
+
+        void disconnected(int errorCode, const char *message) {
+            log_warning("richpresence:discord", "disconnected");
+        }
+
+        void errored(int errorCode, const char *message) {
+            log_warning("richpresence:discord", "error {}: {}", errorCode, message);
+        }
+
+        void joinGame(const char *joinSecret) {
+            log_warning("richpresence:discord", "joinGame");
+        }
+
+        void spectateGame(const char *spectateSecret) {
+            log_warning("richpresence:discord", "spectateGame");
+        }
+
+        void joinRequest(const DiscordUser *request) {
+            log_warning("richpresence:discord", "joinRequest");
+        }
+
+        // handler object
+        static DiscordEventHandlers handlers {
+                .ready = discord::ready,
+                .disconnected = discord::disconnected,
+                .errored = discord::errored,
+                .joinGame = discord::joinGame,
+                .spectateGame = discord::spectateGame,
+                .joinRequest = discord::joinRequest
+        };
+
+        void update() {
+
+            // check state
+            if (!INITIALIZED)
+                return;
+
+            // update presence
+            DiscordRichPresence presence {};
+            presence.startTimestamp = std::time(nullptr);
+            Discord_UpdatePresence(&presence);
+        }
+
+        void init() {
+
+            // check state
+            if (INITIALIZED) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // get id
+            std::string id = "";
+            if (!APPID_OVERRIDE.empty()) {
+                log_info("richpresence:discord", "using custom APPID: {}", APPID_OVERRIDE);
+                id = APPID_OVERRIDE;
+            } else {
+                auto game_model = eamuse_get_game();
+                if (game_model.empty()) {
+                    log_warning("richpresence:discord", "could not get game model");
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                id = APP_IDS[game_model];
+                if (id.empty()) {
+                    log_warning("richpresence:discord", "did not find app ID for {}", game_model);
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // initialize discord
+            Discord_Initialize(id.c_str(), &discord::handlers, 0, nullptr);
+
+            // mark as initialized
+            INITIALIZED = true;
+            log_info("richpresence:discord", "initialized");
+
+            // update once so the presence is displayed
+            update();
+        }
+
+        void shutdown() {
+            Discord_ClearPresence();
+            Discord_Shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // state
+    static bool INITIALIZED = false;
+
+    void init() {
+        if (INITIALIZED)
+            return;
+        log_info("richpresence", "initializing");
+        INITIALIZED = true;
+        discord::init();
+    }
+
+    void update(const char *state) {
+        if (!INITIALIZED)
+            return;
+        discord::update();
+    }
+
+    void shutdown() {
+        if (!INITIALIZED)
+            return;
+        log_info("richpresence", "shutdown");
+        discord::shutdown();
+        INITIALIZED = false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/launcher/richpresence.h b/launcher/richpresence.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..048b5db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/richpresence.h
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+namespace richpresence {
+
+    // settings
+    namespace discord {
+        extern std::string APPID_OVERRIDE;
+    }
+
+    void init();
+    void update(const char *state);
+    void shutdown();
+}
diff --git a/launcher/shutdown.cpp b/launcher/shutdown.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2608c6f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/shutdown.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+// included early to avoid warning
+#include <winsock2.h>
+
+#include "shutdown.h"
+
+#include "api/controller.h"
+#include "easrv/easrv.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "misc/vrutil.h"
+#include "hooks/audio/audio.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "launcher.h"
+#include "logger.h"
+#include "nvapi/nvapi.h"
+
+namespace launcher {
+
+    void stop_subsystems() {
+        // note that it is possible for stop_subsystems to be called multiple times
+        // (e.g., crashing, and then closing the window)
+        // therefore, subsystems need to be guarded against multiple unload attempts
+        log_info("launcher", "stopping subsystems");
+
+        // flush/stop logger
+        logger::stop();
+
+        // VR
+        vrutil::shutdown();
+
+        // stop ea server
+        easrv_shutdown();
+
+        // free api sockets
+        if (API_CONTROLLER) {
+            API_CONTROLLER->free_socket();
+        }
+
+        // notify audio hook
+        hooks::audio::stop();
+
+        // stop raw input
+        if (RI_MGR) {
+            RI_MGR->stop();
+        }
+
+        // unload nvapi and free library (if loaded)
+        nvapi::unload();
+    }
+
+    void kill(UINT exit_code) {
+
+        // terminate
+        TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), exit_code);
+    }
+
+    void shutdown(UINT exit_code) {
+
+        // force exit after 1s
+        std::thread force_thread([exit_code] {
+            Sleep(1000);
+            log_info("launcher", "force shutdown");
+            kill(exit_code);
+            return nullptr;
+        });
+        force_thread.detach();
+
+        // stop all subsystems
+        stop_subsystems();
+
+        // terminate
+        kill(exit_code);
+    }
+
+    static void restart_spawn() {
+
+        // never do this twice
+        static bool already_done = false;
+        if (already_done) {
+            return;
+        } else {
+            already_done = true;
+        }
+
+        // start the process using the same args
+        if (LAUNCHER_ARGC > 0) {
+
+            // build cmd line
+            std::stringstream cmd_line;
+            cmd_line << "START \"\" ";
+            for (int i = 0; i < LAUNCHER_ARGC; i++)
+                cmd_line << " \"" << LAUNCHER_ARGV[i] << "\"";
+
+            // run command
+            system(cmd_line.str().c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void restart() {
+
+        // force restart after 1s
+        std::thread force_thread([] {
+            Sleep(1000);
+            log_info("launcher", "force restart");
+            restart_spawn();
+            launcher::kill(0);
+            return nullptr;
+        });
+        force_thread.detach();
+
+        // clean up before restart so resources can be reclaimed
+        stop_subsystems();
+
+        // spawn new and terminate this process
+        restart_spawn();
+        launcher::kill(0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/launcher/shutdown.h b/launcher/shutdown.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aad346a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/shutdown.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+namespace launcher {
+    void stop_subsystems();
+    void kill(UINT exit_code = EXIT_FAILURE);
+    void shutdown(UINT exit_code = EXIT_SUCCESS);
+    void restart();
+}
diff --git a/launcher/signal.cpp b/launcher/signal.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0597c7d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/signal.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,222 @@
+#include "signal.h"
+
+#include <exception>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <dbghelp.h>
+
+#include "external/stackwalker/stackwalker.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+
+#include "logger.h"
+
+// MSVC compatibility
+#ifdef exception_code
+#undef exception_code
+#endif
+
+static decltype(MiniDumpWriteDump) *MiniDumpWriteDump_local = nullptr;
+
+namespace launcher::signal {
+
+    // settings
+    bool DISABLE = false;
+}
+
+#define V(variant) case variant: return #variant
+
+static std::string control_code(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
+    switch (dwCtrlType) {
+        V(CTRL_C_EVENT);
+        V(CTRL_BREAK_EVENT);
+        V(CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT);
+        V(CTRL_LOGOFF_EVENT);
+        V(CTRL_SHUTDOWN_EVENT);
+        default:
+            return "Unknown(0x" + to_hex(dwCtrlType) + ")";
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string exception_code(struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *ExceptionRecord) {
+    switch (ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode) {
+        V(EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION);
+        V(EXCEPTION_ARRAY_BOUNDS_EXCEEDED);
+        V(EXCEPTION_BREAKPOINT);
+        V(EXCEPTION_DATATYPE_MISALIGNMENT);
+        V(EXCEPTION_FLT_DENORMAL_OPERAND);
+        V(EXCEPTION_FLT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO);
+        V(EXCEPTION_FLT_INEXACT_RESULT);
+        V(EXCEPTION_FLT_INVALID_OPERATION);
+        V(EXCEPTION_FLT_OVERFLOW);
+        V(EXCEPTION_FLT_STACK_CHECK);
+        V(EXCEPTION_FLT_UNDERFLOW);
+        V(EXCEPTION_ILLEGAL_INSTRUCTION);
+        V(EXCEPTION_IN_PAGE_ERROR);
+        V(EXCEPTION_INT_DIVIDE_BY_ZERO);
+        V(EXCEPTION_INT_OVERFLOW);
+        V(EXCEPTION_INVALID_DISPOSITION);
+        V(EXCEPTION_NONCONTINUABLE_EXCEPTION);
+        V(EXCEPTION_PRIV_INSTRUCTION);
+        V(EXCEPTION_SINGLE_STEP);
+        V(EXCEPTION_STACK_OVERFLOW);
+        V(DBG_CONTROL_C);
+        default:
+            return "Unknown(0x" + to_hex(ExceptionRecord->ExceptionCode) + ")";
+    }
+}
+
+#undef V
+
+static BOOL WINAPI HandlerRoutine(DWORD dwCtrlType) {
+    log_info("signal", "console ctrl handler called: {}", control_code(dwCtrlType));
+
+    if (dwCtrlType == CTRL_C_EVENT) {
+        launcher::shutdown();
+    } else if (dwCtrlType == CTRL_CLOSE_EVENT) {
+        launcher::shutdown();
+    }
+
+    return FALSE;
+}
+
+static LONG WINAPI TopLevelExceptionFilter(struct _EXCEPTION_POINTERS *ExceptionInfo) {
+
+    // ignore signal if disabled or no exception info provided
+    if (!launcher::signal::DISABLE && ExceptionInfo != nullptr) {
+
+        // get exception record
+        struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *ExceptionRecord = ExceptionInfo->ExceptionRecord;
+
+        // print signal
+        log_warning("signal", "exception raised: {}", exception_code(ExceptionRecord));
+
+        // walk the exception chain
+        struct _EXCEPTION_RECORD *record_cause = ExceptionRecord->ExceptionRecord;
+        while (record_cause != nullptr) {
+            log_warning("signal", "caused by: {}", exception_code(record_cause));
+            record_cause = record_cause->ExceptionRecord;
+        }
+
+        // print stacktrace
+        StackWalker sw;
+        log_info("signal", "printing callstack");
+        if (!sw.ShowCallstack(GetCurrentThread(), ExceptionInfo->ContextRecord)) {
+            log_warning("signal", "failed to print callstack");
+        }
+
+        if (MiniDumpWriteDump_local != nullptr) {
+            HANDLE minidump_file = CreateFileA(
+                "minidump.dmp",
+                GENERIC_WRITE,
+                0,
+                nullptr,
+                CREATE_ALWAYS,
+                FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
+                nullptr);
+
+            if (minidump_file != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                MINIDUMP_EXCEPTION_INFORMATION ExceptionParam {};
+                ExceptionParam.ThreadId = GetCurrentThreadId();
+                ExceptionParam.ExceptionPointers = ExceptionInfo;
+                ExceptionParam.ClientPointers = FALSE;
+
+                MiniDumpWriteDump_local(
+                    GetCurrentProcess(),
+                    GetCurrentProcessId(),
+                    minidump_file,
+                    MiniDumpNormal,
+                    &ExceptionParam,
+                    nullptr,
+                    nullptr);
+
+                CloseHandle(minidump_file);
+            } else {
+                log_warning("signal", "failed to create 'minidump.dmp' for minidump: 0x{:08x}",
+                    GetLastError());
+            }
+        } else {
+            log_warning("signal", "minidump creation function not available, skipping");
+        }
+
+        log_fatal("signal", "end");
+    }
+
+    return EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH;
+}
+
+static BOOL WINAPI SetConsoleCtrlHandler_hook(PHANDLER_ROUTINE pHandlerRoutine, BOOL Add) {
+    log_misc("signal", "SetConsoleCtrlHandler hook hit");
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+static LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER WINAPI SetUnhandledExceptionFilter_hook(
+    LPTOP_LEVEL_EXCEPTION_FILTER lpTopLevelExceptionFilter)
+{
+    log_info("signal", "SetUnhandledExceptionFilter hook hit");
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+static PVOID WINAPI AddVectoredExceptionHandler_hook(ULONG First, PVECTORED_EXCEPTION_HANDLER Handler) {
+    log_info("signal", "AddVectoredExceptionHandler hook hit");
+
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void launcher::signal::attach() {
+
+    if (launcher::signal::DISABLE) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_info("signal", "attaching...");
+
+    // set a `std::terminate` handler so `std::abort()` is not called by default
+    std::set_terminate([]() {
+        log_warning("signal", "std::terminate called");
+
+        launcher::kill();
+    });
+
+    // NOTE: inline hooks are not used here as they have caused EXCEPTION_ACCESS_VIOLATION in the past
+    // when hooking these methods
+
+    // hook relevant functions
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("SetConsoleCtrlHandler", SetConsoleCtrlHandler_hook);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("SetUnhandledExceptionFilter", SetUnhandledExceptionFilter_hook);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("AddVectoredExceptionHandler", AddVectoredExceptionHandler_hook);
+    libraryhook_enable();
+
+    // hook in all loaded modules
+    detour::iat_try("SetConsoleCtrlHandler", SetConsoleCtrlHandler_hook);
+    detour::iat_try("SetUnhandledExceptionFilter", SetUnhandledExceptionFilter_hook);
+    detour::iat_try("AddVectoredExceptionHandler", AddVectoredExceptionHandler_hook);
+
+    log_info("signal", "attached");
+}
+
+void launcher::signal::init() {
+
+    // load debug help library
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        auto dbghelp = libutils::try_library("dbghelp.dll");
+
+        if (dbghelp != nullptr) {
+            MiniDumpWriteDump_local = libutils::try_proc<decltype(MiniDumpWriteDump) *>(
+                    dbghelp, "MiniDumpWriteDump");
+        }
+    }
+
+    // register our console ctrl handler
+    SetConsoleCtrlHandler(HandlerRoutine, TRUE);
+
+    // register our exception handler
+    SetUnhandledExceptionFilter(TopLevelExceptionFilter);
+}
diff --git a/launcher/signal.h b/launcher/signal.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a84655e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/signal.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace launcher::signal {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool DISABLE;
+
+    //void print_stacktrace();
+    void attach();
+    void init();
+}
diff --git a/launcher/superexit.cpp b/launcher/superexit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6db761f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/superexit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,118 @@
+#include "superexit.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "windows.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+
+namespace superexit {
+
+    static std::thread *THREAD = nullptr;
+    static bool THREAD_RUNNING = false;
+
+    bool has_focus() {
+        HWND fg_wnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+        if (fg_wnd == NULL) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (fg_wnd == SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        DWORD fg_pid;
+        GetWindowThreadProcessId(fg_wnd, &fg_pid);
+        return fg_pid == GetCurrentProcessId();
+    }
+
+    void enable() {
+
+        // check if already running
+        if (THREAD)
+            return;
+
+        // create new thread
+        THREAD_RUNNING = true;
+        THREAD = new std::thread([] {
+
+            // log
+            log_info("superexit", "enabled");
+
+            // set variable to false to stop
+            while (THREAD_RUNNING) {
+
+                // check rawinput for ALT+F4
+                bool rawinput_exit = false;
+                if (RI_MGR != nullptr) {
+                    auto devices = RI_MGR->devices_get();
+                    for (auto &device : devices) {
+                        switch (device.type) {
+                            case rawinput::KEYBOARD: {
+                                auto &key_states = device.keyboardInfo->key_states;
+                                for (int page_index = 0; page_index < 1024; page_index += 256) {
+                                    if (key_states[page_index + VK_MENU]
+                                        && key_states[page_index + VK_F4]) {
+                                        rawinput_exit = true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                bool async_key_exit = GetAsyncKeyState(VK_MENU) && GetAsyncKeyState(VK_F4);
+
+                bool overlay_exit = false;
+                auto buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+                if (buttons &&
+                    (!overlay::OVERLAY || overlay::OVERLAY->hotkeys_triggered()) &&
+                    GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::SuperExit))) {
+                    overlay_exit = true;
+                }
+
+                // check for exit
+                if (rawinput_exit || async_key_exit) {
+                    if (has_focus()) {
+                        log_info("superexit", "detected ALT+F4, exiting...");
+                        launcher::shutdown();
+                    }
+                }
+                if (overlay_exit) {
+                    if (has_focus()) {
+                        log_info("superexit", "detected Force Exit Game overlay shortcut, exiting...");
+                        launcher::shutdown();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // slow down
+                Sleep(100);
+            }
+
+            return nullptr;
+        });
+    }
+
+    void disable() {
+        if (!THREAD) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // stop old thread
+        THREAD_RUNNING = false;
+        THREAD->join();
+
+        // delete thread
+        delete THREAD;
+        THREAD = nullptr;
+
+        // log
+        log_info("superexit", "disabled");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/launcher/superexit.h b/launcher/superexit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..193727a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/launcher/superexit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace superexit {
+    bool has_focus();
+    void enable();
+    void disable();
+}
diff --git a/licenses.txt b/licenses.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1636202
--- /dev/null
+++ b/licenses.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,1420 @@
+Built against the MinGW Runtime (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2012 MinGW.org project
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice, this permission notice and the below disclaimer
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+RapidJSON (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
+copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
+to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
+the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
+and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
+Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice, this permission notice and the below disclaimer
+shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
+DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+TinyXML2 (zlib)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (C) 1993-2013 Yukihiro Matsumoto. All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
+OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
+LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
+OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+HTTP Parser (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright Joyent, Inc. and other Node contributors.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
+deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
+rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
+sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
+all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
+IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+usb-hid-usage (Apache 2.0)
+-------------------------------------------
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+StackWalker (2-clause BSD)
+-------------------------------------------
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+stb_image_write (Public Domain)
+-------------------------------------------
+http://nothings.org/stb/stb_image_write.h
+
+linalg.h (Public Domain, Unlicense)
+-------------------------------------------
+https://github.com/sgorsten/linalg
+
+fmt (2-clause BSD)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2012 - 2016, Victor Zverovich
+
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+   list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+   this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+   and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
+ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+Dear ImGui (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Omar Cornut
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
+discord-rpc (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright 2017 Discord, Inc.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
+this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
+the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
+use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
+of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
+so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
+hash-library (zlib)
+-------------------------------------------
+zlib License
+
+Copyright (c) 2014,2015 Stephan Brumme
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In
+no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use
+of this software.
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including
+commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to
+the following restrictions:
+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim
+   that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product,
+   an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is
+   not required.
+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+   misrepresented as being the original software.
+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
+
+layeredfs
+-------------------------------------------
+Treat the license for this code as though it were the Apache-2.0 license,
+WITH THE FOLLOWING MODIFICATIONS:
+If you integrate LayeredFS into your launcher of choice, you MUST NOT modify the
+existing commandline argument names.
+If you add any commandline arguments, they MUST begin with `--layered-`.
+I'm sure this lax wording is not legally binding, but please don't be an asshole.
+
+MinHook (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (C) 2009-2017 Tsuda Kageyu.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER
+OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-------------------------------------------
+Portions of this software are Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+-------------------------------------------
+Hacker Disassembler Engine 32 C
+Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+-------------------------------------------
+Hacker Disassembler Engine 64 C
+Copyright (c) 2008-2009, Vyacheslav Patkov.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+are met:
+
+ 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+"AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A
+PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR
+CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+ASIO SDK (Steinberg)
+-------------------------------------------
+Steinberg Audio Stream I/O API
+(c) 1997 - 2019, Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH
+
+readerwriterqueue (2-clause BSD)
+-------------------------------------------
+This license applies to all the code in this repository except that written by third
+parties, namely the files in benchmarks/ext, which have their own licenses, and Jeff
+Preshing's semaphore implementation (used in the blocking queue) which has a zlib
+license (embedded in atomicops.h).
+
+Simplified BSD License:
+
+Copyright (c) 2013-2015, Cameron Desrochers  
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+- Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of
+conditions and the following disclaimer.
+- Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of
+conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials
+provided with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
+THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT
+OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
+HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
+TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE,
+EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+openvr (3-clause BSD)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2015, Valve Corporation
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
+are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+
+1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or
+other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its contributors
+may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+specific prior written permission.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
+ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
+ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
+LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON
+ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+(INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+toojpeg (zlib)
+-------------------------------------------
+zlib License
+
+Copyright (c) 2011-2016 Stephan Brumme
+
+This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty. In
+no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use
+of this software.
+Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, including
+commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, subject to
+the following restrictions:
+1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim
+   that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product,
+   an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is
+   not required.
+2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
+   misrepresented as being the original software.
+3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
+
+lua (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (C) 1994-2021 Lua.org, PUC-Rio.
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+LuaBridge3 (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
+"Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
+without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
+distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
+permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
+the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
+included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.
+IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY
+CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
+TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE
+SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
+
+robin_hood.h (MIT)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Martin Ankerl
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.
+
+DSEG14Classic-Italic.ttf (OFL)
+-------------------------------------------
+Copyright (c) 2017, keshikan (http://www.keshikan.net),
+with Reserved Font Name "DSEG".
+
+This Font Software is licensed under the SIL Open Font License, Version 1.1.
+This license is copied below, and is also available with a FAQ at:
+http://scripts.sil.org/OFL
+
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+SIL OPEN FONT LICENSE Version 1.1 - 26 February 2007
+-----------------------------------------------------------
+
+PREAMBLE
+The goals of the Open Font License (OFL) are to stimulate worldwide
+development of collaborative font projects, to support the font creation
+efforts of academic and linguistic communities, and to provide a free and
+open framework in which fonts may be shared and improved in partnership
+with others.
+
+The OFL allows the licensed fonts to be used, studied, modified and
+redistributed freely as long as they are not sold by themselves. The
+fonts, including any derivative works, can be bundled, embedded, 
+redistributed and/or sold with any software provided that any reserved
+names are not used by derivative works. The fonts and derivatives,
+however, cannot be released under any other type of license. The
+requirement for fonts to remain under this license does not apply
+to any document created using the fonts or their derivatives.
+
+DEFINITIONS
+"Font Software" refers to the set of files released by the Copyright
+Holder(s) under this license and clearly marked as such. This may
+include source files, build scripts and documentation.
+
+"Reserved Font Name" refers to any names specified as such after the
+copyright statement(s).
+
+"Original Version" refers to the collection of Font Software components as
+distributed by the Copyright Holder(s).
+
+"Modified Version" refers to any derivative made by adding to, deleting,
+or substituting -- in part or in whole -- any of the components of the
+Original Version, by changing formats or by porting the Font Software to a
+new environment.
+
+"Author" refers to any designer, engineer, programmer, technical
+writer or other person who contributed to the Font Software.
+
+PERMISSION & CONDITIONS
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
+a copy of the Font Software, to use, study, copy, merge, embed, modify,
+redistribute, and sell modified and unmodified copies of the Font
+Software, subject to the following conditions:
+
+1) Neither the Font Software nor any of its individual components,
+in Original or Modified Versions, may be sold by itself.
+
+2) Original or Modified Versions of the Font Software may be bundled,
+redistributed and/or sold with any software, provided that each copy
+contains the above copyright notice and this license. These can be
+included either as stand-alone text files, human-readable headers or
+in the appropriate machine-readable metadata fields within text or
+binary files as long as those fields can be easily viewed by the user.
+
+3) No Modified Version of the Font Software may use the Reserved Font
+Name(s) unless explicit written permission is granted by the corresponding
+Copyright Holder. This restriction only applies to the primary font name as
+presented to the users.
+
+4) The name(s) of the Copyright Holder(s) or the Author(s) of the Font
+Software shall not be used to promote, endorse or advertise any
+Modified Version, except to acknowledge the contribution(s) of the
+Copyright Holder(s) and the Author(s) or with their explicit written
+permission.
+
+5) The Font Software, modified or unmodified, in part or in whole,
+must be distributed entirely under this license, and must not be
+distributed under any other license. The requirement for fonts to
+remain under this license does not apply to any document created
+using the Font Software.
+
+TERMINATION
+This license becomes null and void if any of the above conditions are
+not met.
+
+DISCLAIMER
+THE FONT SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
+EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTIES OF
+MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT
+OF COPYRIGHT, PATENT, TRADEMARK, OR OTHER RIGHT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+COPYRIGHT HOLDER BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY,
+INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+DAMAGES, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
+FROM, OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE FONT SOFTWARE OR FROM
+OTHER DEALINGS IN THE FONT SOFTWARE.
+
+NVAPI
+-------------------------------------------
+
+SOFTWARE DEVELOPER KITS, SAMPLES AND TOOLS LICENSE AGREEMENT 
+
+This Software Developer Kits, Samples and Tools License Agreement ("Agreement�)
+is a legal agreement between you and NVIDIA Corporation (“NVIDIA�) and governs
+the use of the following NVIDIA deliverables to the extent provided to you under
+this Agreement: API’s, sample source code, header files, binary software and/or
+documentation (collectively, "Licensed Software").  This Agreement can be
+accepted only by an adult of legal age of majority in the country in which the
+Licensed Software is used.  If you are under the legal age of majority, you must
+ask your parent or legal guardian to consent to this Agreement.  If you are
+entering this Agreement on behalf of a company or other legal entity, you
+represent that you have legal authority and “you� will mean the entity you
+represent.  If you don’t have such authority, or if you don’t accept all the
+terms and conditions of this Agreement, then NVIDIA is unwilling to license the
+Licensed Software to you, and you may not download, install, copy or use it. By
+using the Licensed Software, you affirm that you have reached the legal age of
+majority, you accept the terms of this Agreement, and you take legal and
+financial responsibility for the actions of your permitted users.
+
+You agree that use of the Licensed Materials only for purposes that are
+permitted by (a) this Agreement, and (b) any applicable law, regulation or
+generally accepted practices or guidelines in the relevant jurisdiction.  
+
+1.	LICENSE.  
+ 
+1.1	License Grant. Subject to the terms of this Agreement, NVIDIA hereby
+grants you a nonexclusive, non-transferable, worldwide, revocable, limited,
+royalty-free, fully paid-up license to during the term of this Agreement: (i)
+install, use and reproduce the software delivered by NVIDIA, make modifications
+and create derivative works of sample source code software delivered by NVIDIA
+and use documentation delivered by NVIDIA, provided that the software is
+executed only in supported NVIDIA GPU hardware products (as specified in the
+accompanying documentation, such as release notes) that you separately obtain
+from NVIDIA or its affiliates, all to develop, test and service your products
+(each, a “Customer Product�) that are interoperable with supported NVIDIA GPU
+hardware products; and  
+(ii)	sub-license and distribute in binary format the API library software and
+header files as delivered by NVIDIA and sample source code as delivered by
+NVIDIA or as modified by you, all as incorporated into a Customer Product for
+use by your recipients only in the supported NVIDIA GPU hardware products
+separately obtained, provided that: (a) all such distributions by you or your
+distribution channels are consistent with the terms of this Agreement; and (b)
+you must enter into enforceable agreements with your recipients that binds them
+to terms that are consistent with the terms set forth in this Agreement for
+their use of the software binaries, including (without limitation) terms
+relating to the license grant and license restrictions, confidentiality and
+protection of NVIDIA’s intellectual property rights in and to the software you
+distributed. You are liable for the distribution and the use of distributed
+software if you failed to comply or enforce the distribution requirements of
+this Agreement. You agree to notify NVIDIA in writing of any known or suspected
+use or distribution of the Licensed Software that are not in compliance with the
+terms of this Agreement.  
+ 
+1.2	Enterprise and Contractor Usage. Under this Agreement you may allow (i)
+your Enterprise employees, and (ii) individuals who work primarily for your
+Enterprise on a contractor basis and from your secure network (each a
+"Contractor") to access and use the Licensed Software pursuant to the terms in
+Section 1 solely to perform work on your behalf, provided further that with
+respect to Contractors: (i) you obtain a written agreement from the Contractor
+which contains terms and obligations with respect to access to or use of
+Licensed Software no less protective of NVIDIA than those set forth in this
+Agreement, and (ii) such Contractor’s access and use expressly excludes any
+sublicensing or distribution rights for the Licensed Software. You are
+responsible for the compliance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement
+by your Enterprise and Contractors. Any act or omission that if committed by you
+would constitute a breach of this Agreement shall be deemed to constitute a
+breach of this Agreement if committed by your Enterprise or Contractors.
+“Enterprise� means you or any company or legal entity for which you accepted the
+terms of this Agreement, and their subsidiaries of which your company or legal
+entity owns more than fifty percent (50%) of the issued and outstanding equity. 
+ 
+1.3	No Support. NVIDIA is under no obligation to provide support for the
+Licensed Software or to provide any error corrections or updates to the Licensed
+Software under this Agreement. 
+ 
+2.	LIMITATIONS. 
+ 
+2.1	License Restrictions. Except as expressly authorized in this Agreement,
+you agree that you will not (nor allow third parties to): (i) copy and use
+software that was licensed to you for use in one or more devices in other
+unlicensed devices (provided that copies solely for backup purposes are
+allowed); (ii) reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble (except to the extent
+applicable laws specifically requires that such activities be permitted) or
+attempt to derive the source code, underlying ideas, algorithm or structure of
+software provided to you in object code form; (iii) sell, transfer, assign,
+distribute, rent, loan, lease, sublicense or otherwise make available the
+Licensed Software or its functionality to third parties (a) as an application
+services provider or service bureau, (b) by operating hosted/virtual system
+environments, (c) by hosting, time sharing or providing any other type of
+services, or (d) otherwise by means of the internet; (iv) modify, translate or
+otherwise create any modifications or derivative works of any of the Licensed
+Software; (v) remove, alter, cover or obscure any proprietary notice that
+appears on or with the Licensed Software or any copies thereof; (vi) use the
+Licensed Software, or allow its use, transfer, transmission or export in
+violation of any export control laws or regulations administered by the United
+States government; (vii) distribute, permit access to, or sublicense the
+Licensed Software as a stand-alone product; (viii) bypass, disable, circumvent
+or remove any form of copy protection, encryption, security or digital rights
+management or authentication mechanism used by NVIDIA in connection with the
+Licensed Software, or use the Licensed Software together with any authorization
+code, serial number, or other copy protection device not supplied by NVIDIA
+directly or through an authorized reseller; (ix) use the Licensed Software for
+the purpose of developing competing products or technologies or assisting a
+third party in such activities; (x) disclose the results of any benchmarking or
+other competitive analysis relating to the Licensed Software without the prior
+written permission from NVIDIA; (xi) distribute any modification you make to
+software under or by reference to the same name as used by NVIDIA; (xii) use the
+Licensed Software in any manner that would cause the Licensed Software to become
+subject to an Open Source License. Nothing in this Agreement shall be construed
+to give you a right to use, or otherwise obtain access to, any source code from
+which the software or any portion thereof is compiled or interpreted. “Open
+Source License� includes, without limitation, a software license that requires
+as a condition of use, modification, and/or distribution of such software that
+the software be (x) disclosed or distributed in source code form; (y) be
+licensed for the purpose of making derivative works; or (z) be redistributable
+at no charge. 
+ 
+2.2	Third Party License Obligations.  You acknowledge and agree that the
+Licensed Software may include or incorporate third party technology
+(collectively “Third Party Components�), which is provided for use in or with
+the software and not otherwise used separately. If the Licensed Software
+includes or incorporates Third Party Components, then the third-party
+pass-through terms and conditions (“Third Party Terms�) for the particular Third
+Party Component will be bundled with the software or otherwise made available
+online as indicated by NVIDIA and will be incorporated by reference into this
+Agreement. In the event of any conflict between the terms in this Agreement and
+the Third Party Terms, the Third Party Terms shall govern. Copyright to Third
+Party Components are held by the copyright holders indicated in the copyright
+notices indicated in the Third Party Terms.  
+ 
+Audio/Video Encoders and Decoders. You acknowledge and agree that it is your
+sole responsibility to obtain any additional third party licenses required to
+make, have made, use, have used, sell, import, and offer for sale your products
+or services that include or incorporate any Third Party Components and content
+relating to audio and/or video encoders and decoders from, including but not
+limited to, Microsoft, Thomson, Fraunhofer IIS, Sisvel S.p.A., MPEG-LA, and
+Coding Technologies as NVIDIA does not grant to you under this Agreement any
+necessary patent rights with respect to audio and/or video encoders and
+decoders.  
+ 
+2.3	Limited Rights. Your rights in the Licensed Software are limited to those
+expressly granted in Section 1 and no other licenses are granted whether by
+implication, estoppel or otherwise. NVIDIA reserves all other rights, title and
+interest in and to the Licensed Software not expressly granted to you under this
+Agreement. 
+ 
+3.	CONFIDENTIALITY. Each party will not use the other party’s Confidential
+Information, except as necessary for the performance of this Agreement, and will
+not disclose such Confidential Information to any third party, except to NVIDIA
+personnel, you, your Enterprise and your Enterprise Contractors that have a need
+to know such Confidential Information for the performance of this Agreement,
+provided that each such personnel, employee and Contractor is subject to a
+written agreement that includes confidentiality obligations consistent with
+those set forth herein. Each party will use all reasonable efforts to maintain
+the confidentiality of all of the other party’s Confidential Information in its
+possession or control, but in no event less than the efforts that it ordinarily
+uses with respect to its own Confidential Information of similar nature and
+importance. The foregoing obligations will not restrict either party from
+disclosing the other party’s Confidential Information or the terms and
+conditions of this Agreement as required under applicable securities regulations
+or pursuant to the order or requirement of a court, administrative agency, or
+other governmental body, provided that the party required to make such a
+disclosure (i) gives reasonable notice to the other party to enable it to
+contest such order or requirement prior to its disclosure (whether through
+protective orders or otherwise), (ii) uses reasonable effort to obtain
+confidential treatment or similar protection to the fullest extent possible to
+avoid public disclosure, and (iii) discloses only the minimum amount of
+information necessary to comply with such requirements.  
+ 
+“Confidential Information� means the Licensed Software (unless made publicly
+available by NVIDIA without confidentiality obligations), and any NVIDIA
+business, marketing, pricing, research and development, know-how, technical,
+scientific, financial status, proposed new products or other information
+disclosed by NVIDIA to you which, at the time of disclosure, is designated in
+writing as confidential or proprietary (or like written designation), or orally
+identified as confidential or proprietary or is otherwise reasonably
+identifiable by parties exercising reasonable business judgment as confidential.
+Confidential Information does not and will not include information that: (i) is
+or becomes generally known to the public through no fault of or breach of this
+Agreement by the receiving party; (ii) is rightfully known by the receiving
+party at the time of disclosure without an obligation of confidentiality; (iii)
+is independently developed by the receiving party without use of the disclosing
+party’s Confidential Information; or (iv) is rightfully obtained by the
+receiving party from a third party without restriction on use or disclosure. 
+ 
+4.	OWNERSHIP AND FEEDBACK.  
+ 
+4.1	Ownership of Licensed Software. The Licensed Software, and the respective
+intellectual property rights therein, is and will remain the sole and exclusive
+property of NVIDIA and its licensors, whether the Licensed Software is separate
+from or combined with any other products or materials. You shall not knowingly
+engage in any act or omission that would impair NVIDIA’s and/or its licensors’
+intellectual property rights in the Licensed Software or any other materials,
+information, processes or subject matter proprietary to NVIDIA. NVIDIA’s
+licensors are intended third party beneficiaries with the right to enforce
+provisions of this Agreement with respect to their Confidential Information
+and/or intellectual property rights.  
+ 
+4.2	Modifications. You hold all rights, title and interest in and to the
+modifications to and derivative works of the NVIDIA sample source code software
+that you create as permitted hereunder, subject to NVIDIA’s underlying
+intellectual property rights in and to the NVIDIA software; provided, however
+that you grant NVIDIA and its affiliates an irrevocable, perpetual,
+nonexclusive, worldwide, royalty-free paid-up license to make, have made, use,
+have used, reproduce, sell, license, distribute, sublicense, transfer and
+otherwise commercialize modifications and derivative works including (without
+limitation) with the Licensed Software or other NVIDIA products, technologies or
+materials. 
+ 
+4.3	Feedback. You have no obligation to provide Feedback to NVIDIA. However,
+NVIDIA and its affiliates may use and include any Feedback that you provide to
+improve the Licensed Software or other NVIDIA products, technologies or
+materials. Accordingly, if you provide Feedback, you agree that NVIDIA and its
+affiliates may at their option, and may permit its licensees, to make, have
+made, use, have used, reproduce, sell, license, distribute, sublicense, transfer
+and otherwise commercialize the Feedback in the Licensed Software or in other
+products, technologies or materials without the payment of any royalties or fees
+to you. All Feedback becomes the sole property of NVIDIA and may be used in any
+manner NVIDIA sees fit, and you hereby assign to NVIDIA all of your right, title
+and interest in and to any Feedback. NVIDIA has no obligation to respond to
+Feedback or to incorporate Feedback into the Licensed Software. “Feedback� means
+any and all suggestions, feature requests, comments or other feedback relating
+to the Licensed Software, including possible enhancements or modifications
+thereto. 
+  
+5.	NO WARRANTIES. THE LICENSED SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY NVIDIA “AS IS� AND “WITH
+ALL FAULTS,� AND NVIDIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND OR
+NATURE, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ANY WARRANTIES OF OPERABILITY, CONDITION, VALUE, ACCURACY OF DATA, OR QUALITY,
+AS WELL AS ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, SYSTEM INTEGRATION, WORKMANSHIP,
+SUITABILITY, NON-INGRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR THE ABSENCE
+OF ANY DEFECTS THEREIN, WHETHER LATENT OR PATENT. NO WARRANTY IS MADE BY NVIDIA
+ON THE BASIS OF TRADE USAGE, COURSE OF DEALING OR COURSE OF TRADE. NVIDIA DOES
+NOT WARRANT THAT THE LICENSED SOFTWARE WILL MEET YOUR REQUIREMENTS OR THAT THE
+OPERATION THEREOF WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED OR ERRORFREE, OR THAT ALL ERRORS WILL BE
+CORRECTED. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT NVIDIA’S OBLIGATIONS UNDER THIS AGREEMENT ARE
+FOR THE BENEFIT OF YOU ONLY. Nothing in this warranty section affects any
+statutory rights of consumers or other customers to the extent that they cannot
+be waived or limited by contract. 
+ 
+6.	LIMITATION OF LIABILITY. TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW NVIDIA SHALL
+NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
+(SUCH AS, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOST PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, LOSS OF DATA OR LOSS OF
+GOODWILL), OR THE COSTS OF PROCURING SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
+CONNECTION WITH THIS AGREEMENT OR THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE LICENSED
+SOFTWARE, WHETHER SUCH LIABILITY ARISES FROM ANY CLAIM BASED UPON BREACH OF
+CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR
+ANY OTHER CAUSE OF ACTION OR THEORY OF LIABILITY. IN NO EVENT WILL NVIDIA’S
+TOTAL CUMULATIVE LIABILITY UNDER OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE
+GREATER OF THE NET AMOUNT NVIDIA RECEIVED FOR YOUR USE OF THE LICENSED SOFTWARE
+ONE HUNDRED U.S. DOLLARS (US $100). THE NATURE OF THE LIABILITY, THE NUMBER OF
+CLAIMS OR SUITS OR THE NUMBER OF PARTIES WITHIN YOUR ENTERPRISE THAT ACCEPTED
+THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT SHALL NOT ENLARGE OR EXTEND THIS LIMIT. THE
+FOREGOING LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY REGARDLESS OF WHETHER NVIDIA OR ITS LICENSORS
+HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND REGARDLESS OF WHETHER
+ANY REMEDY FAILS ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE. 
+ 
+7.	TERM AND TERMINATION. This Agreement and your licenses hereunder shall become
+effective upon the Effective Date and shall remain in effect unless and until
+terminated as follows: (i) automatically if you breach any of the terms of this
+Agreement; or (ii) by either party upon written notice if the other party
+becomes the subject of a voluntary or involuntary petition in bankruptcy or any
+proceeding relating to insolvency, receivership, liquidation or composition for
+the benefit of creditors, if that petition or proceeding is not dismissed with
+prejudice within sixty (60) days after filing, or if a party ceases to do
+business; (iii) by you, upon ceasing to use the Licensed Software provided under
+this Agreement; or (iv) by NVIDIA upon written notice if you commence or
+participate in any legal proceeding against NVIDIA, with respect to the Licensed
+Software that is the subject of the proceeding during the pendency of such legal
+proceeding. Termination of this Agreement shall not release the parties from any
+liability which, at the time of termination, has already accrued or which
+thereafter may accrue with respect to any act or omission before termination, or
+from any obligation which is expressly stated in this Agreement to survive
+termination. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the party terminating this Agreement
+shall incur no additional liability merely by virtue of such termination.
+Termination of this Agreement regardless of cause or nature shall be without
+prejudice to any other rights or remedies of the parties and shall be without
+liability for any loss or damage occasioned thereby. Upon any expiration or
+termination of this Agreement (i) you must promptly discontinue use of the
+Licensed Software, and (ii) you must promptly destroy or return to NVIDIA all
+copies of the Licensed Software and all portions thereof in your possession or
+control, and each party will promptly destroy or return to the other all of the
+other party’s Confidential Information within its possession or control,
+provided that your prior distributions in accordance with this Agreement are not
+affected by the expiration or termination of this Agreement. Upon written
+request, you will certify in writing that you have complied with your
+obligations under this section. Sections 2 through 8 will survive the expiration
+or termination of this Agreement for any reason. 
+ 
+8.	MISCELLANEOUS. 
+ 
+8.1	NVIDIA Entities. NVIDIA Corporation and its subsidiaries, including, but
+not limited to, NVIDIA Singapore Pte Ltd., have agreed to their respective
+rights and obligations regarding the distribution of the Licensed Software and
+the performance of obligations related to the Licensed Software. Ordering and
+delivery shall be with the NVIDIA entity with distribution rights for the
+geographic region in which the Licensed Software will be used, as communicated
+by NVIDIA to you.  
+ 
+8.2	Audit. During the term of this Agreement and for a period of three (3)
+years thereafter, you will maintain complete and accurate books and records
+regarding use of the Licensed Software and your performance and administration
+of this Agreement.  During such period and upon written notice to you, NVIDIA or
+its authorized third party auditors subject to confidentiality obligations will
+have the right to inspect and audit your Enterprise books and records for the
+purpose of confirming your compliance with the terms of this Agreement. Any such
+inspection and audit will be conducted during regular business hours, in a
+manner that minimizes interference with your normal business activities, and no
+more frequent than annually unless non-compliance was previously found. If such
+an inspection and audit reveals an underpayment of any amounts payable to
+NVIDIA, then you will promptly remit the full amount of such underpayment to
+NVIDIA, including interest that will accrue (without the requirement of a
+notice) at the lower of 1.5% per month or the highest rate permissible by law.
+If the underpaid amount exceeds five percent (5%) of the amounts payable to
+NVIDIA for the period audited and/or such an inspection and audit reveals a
+material non-conformance with the terms of this Agreement, then you will also
+pay NVIDIA’s reasonable costs of conducting the inspection and audit. Further,
+you agree that the party delivering the Licensed Software to you may collect and
+disclose to NVIDIA (subject to confidentiality obligations) information for
+NVIDIA to verify your compliance with the terms of this Agreement including
+(without limitation) information regarding your usage of the Licensed Software. 
+ 
+8.3	Trademarks. You are granted no rights to use any of NVIDIA's trademarks
+under this Agreement. NVIDIA's trademarks include company names, product or
+service names, marks, logos, designs and trade dress. You may not remove, alter,
+or add to any of NVIDIA's trademarks that appear in or as part of the Licensed
+Software. 
+ 
+8.4	Indemnity. You agree to defend, indemnify and hold harmless NVIDIA and its
+affiliates, and their respective employees, contractors, agents, officers and
+directors, from and against any and all claims, damages, obligations, losses,
+liabilities, costs or debt, fines, restitutions and expenses (including but not
+limited to attorney’s fees and costs incident to establishing the right of
+indemnification) arising out of or related to you and your Enterprise, and their
+respective employees, contractors, agents, officers and directors: (i) use of a
+Licensed Software with any system or application where the use or failure of
+such system or application can reasonably be expected to threaten or result in
+personal injury, death, or catastrophic loss including, for example, use in
+connection with any nuclear, avionics, navigation, military, medical, life
+support or other life critical application; (ii) violation of any third party
+right, including without limitation any right of privacy or intellectual
+property rights; (iii) failure to comply with any applicable export and import
+laws, rules or regulations; or (iv) negligence or willful misconduct. 
+ 
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+stepmaniax-sdk (MIT)
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+
+Contributions
+-------------------------------------------
+cardio - Felix - MIT License
+scard - nolm - MIT License
diff --git a/misc/bt5api.cpp b/misc/bt5api.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cc2b94
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/bt5api.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+#include "bt5api.h"
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <external/robin_hood.h>
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "eamuse.h"
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+/* Bemanitools is compiled with GCC (MinGW, specifically) as of version 5 */
+#define LOG_CHECK_FMT __attribute__(( format(printf, 2, 3) ))
+#else
+/* Compile it out for MSVC plebs */
+#define LOG_CHECK_FMT
+#endif
+
+/* An AVS-style logger function. Comes in four flavors: misc, info, warning,
+   and fatal, with increasing severity. Fatal loggers do not return, they
+   abort the running process after writing their message to the log.
+
+   "module" is an arbitrary short string identifying the source of the log
+   message. The name of the calling DLL is a good default choice for this
+   string, although you might want to identify a module within your DLL here
+   instead.
+
+   "fmt" is a printf-style format string. Depending on the context in which
+   your DLL is running you might end up calling a logger function exported
+   from libavs, which has its own printf implementation (including a number of
+   proprietary extensions), so don't use any overly exotic formats. */
+
+typedef void (*log_formatter_t)(const char *module, const char *fmt, ...)
+        LOG_CHECK_FMT;
+
+/* An API for spawning threads. This API is defined by libavs, although
+   Bemanitools itself may supply compatible implementations of these functions
+   to your DLL, depending on the context in which it runs.
+
+   NOTE: You may only use the logging functions from a thread where Bemanitools
+   calls you, or a thread that you create using this API. Failure to observe
+   this restriction will cause the process to crash. This is a limitation of
+   libavs itself, not Bemanitools. */
+
+typedef int (*thread_create_t)(int (*proc)(void *), void *ctx,
+                               uint32_t stack_sz, unsigned int priority);
+typedef void (*thread_join_t)(int thread_id, int *result);
+typedef void (*thread_destroy_t)(int thread_id);
+
+/* The first function that will be called on your DLL. You will be supplied
+   with four function pointers that may be used to log messages to the game's
+   log file. See comments in glue.h for further information. */
+typedef void (__cdecl *eam_io_set_loggers_t)(log_formatter_t misc, log_formatter_t info,
+                                               log_formatter_t warning, log_formatter_t fatal);
+static eam_io_set_loggers_t eam_io_set_loggers = nullptr;
+
+
+/* Initialize your card reader emulation DLL. Thread management functions are
+   provided to you; you must use these functions to create your own threads if
+   you want to make use of the logging functions that are provided to
+   eam_io_set_loggers(). You will also need to pass these thread management
+   functions on to geninput if you intend to make use of that library.
+
+   See glue.h and geninput.h for further details. */
+typedef bool (__cdecl *eam_io_init_t)(thread_create_t thread_create, thread_join_t thread_join,
+                                        thread_destroy_t thread_destroy);
+static eam_io_init_t eam_io_init = nullptr;
+
+/* Shut down your card reader emulation DLL. */
+typedef void (__cdecl *eam_io_fini_t)(void);
+static eam_io_fini_t eam_io_fini = nullptr;
+
+/* Return the state of the number pad on your reader. This function will be
+   called frequently. See enum eam_io_keypad_scan_code above for the meaning of
+   each bit within the return value.
+
+   This function will be called even if the running game does not actually have
+   a number pad on the real cabinet (e.g. Jubeat).
+
+   unit_no is either 0 or 1. Games with only a single reader (jubeat, popn,
+   drummania) will only use unit_no 0. */
+typedef uint16_t (__cdecl *eam_io_get_keypad_state_t)(uint8_t unit_no);
+static eam_io_get_keypad_state_t eam_io_get_keypad_state = nullptr;
+
+/* Indicate which sensors (front and back) are triggered for a slotted reader
+   (refer to enum). To emulate non-slotted readers, just set both sensors
+   to on to indicate the card is in range of the reader. This function
+   will be called frequently. */
+typedef uint8_t (__cdecl *eam_io_get_sensor_state_t)(uint8_t unit_no);
+static eam_io_get_sensor_state_t eam_io_get_sensor_state = nullptr;
+
+/* Read a card ID. This function is only called when the return value of
+   eam_io_get_sensor_state() changes from false to true, so you may take your
+   time and perform file I/O etc, within reason. You must return exactly eight
+   bytes into the buffer pointed to by card_id. */
+typedef bool (__cdecl *eam_io_read_card_t)(uint8_t unit_no, uint8_t *card_id, uint8_t nbytes);
+static eam_io_read_card_t eam_io_read_card = nullptr;
+
+/* Send a command to the card slot. This is called by the game to execute
+   certain actions on a slotted reader (refer to enum). When emulating
+   wave pass readers, this is function is never called. */
+typedef bool (__cdecl *eam_io_card_slot_cmd_t)(uint8_t unit_no, uint8_t cmd);
+static eam_io_card_slot_cmd_t eam_io_card_slot_cmd = nullptr;
+
+/* This function is called frequently. Update your device and states in here */
+typedef bool (__cdecl *eam_io_poll_t)(uint8_t unit_no);
+static eam_io_poll_t eam_io_poll = nullptr;
+
+/* Return a pointer to an internal configuration API for use by config.exe.
+   Custom implementations should return NULL. */
+typedef const struct eam_io_config_api* (__cdecl *eam_io_get_config_api_t)(void);
+static eam_io_get_config_api_t eam_io_get_config_api = nullptr;
+
+bool BT5API_ENABLED = false;
+static HMODULE EAMIO_DLL;
+static std::string EAMIO_DLL_NAME = "eamio.dll";
+static robin_hood::unordered_map<int, std::thread *> BT5API_THREADS;
+static robin_hood::unordered_map<int, int> BT5API_THREAD_RESULTS;
+static uint8_t BT5API_CARD_STATES[] = {0, 0};
+
+static void bt5api_log(const char *bt5_module, const char *fmt, ...) {
+
+    // pre-compute module
+    std::string module = fmt::format("bt5api:{}", bt5_module != nullptr ? bt5_module : "(null)");
+
+    // string format
+    char buf[1024];
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, fmt);
+    const auto result = std::vsnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), fmt, args);
+    va_end(args);
+
+    // check if format failed, fallback to logging the format string
+    if (result < 0) {
+        log_info(module.c_str(), "{}", fmt);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // log it if the buffer was enough
+    const size_t len = (size_t) result;
+    if (len < sizeof(buf)) {
+        log_info(module.c_str(), "{}", buf);
+    } else {
+
+        // allocate a new string and format again
+        std::string new_buf(len, '\0');
+        va_start(args, fmt);
+        std::vsnprintf(new_buf.data(), len + 1, fmt, args);
+        va_end(args);
+
+        // log the result
+        log_info(module.c_str(), "{}", new_buf);
+    }
+}
+
+static int bt5api_thread_create(int (*proc)(void *), void *ctx, uint32_t stack_sz, unsigned int priority) {
+    std::thread *thread = new std::thread([proc, ctx]() {
+        int thread_id = (int) std::hash<std::thread::id>{}(std::this_thread::get_id());
+        BT5API_THREAD_RESULTS[thread_id] = proc(ctx);
+    });
+
+    int thread_id = static_cast<int>(std::hash<std::thread::id>{}(thread->get_id()));
+    BT5API_THREADS[thread_id] = thread;
+
+    return thread_id;
+}
+
+static void bt5api_thread_join(int thread_id, int *result) {
+    BT5API_THREADS[thread_id]->join();
+
+    if (result != nullptr) {
+        *result = BT5API_THREAD_RESULTS[thread_id];
+    }
+}
+
+static void bt5api_thread_destroy(int thread_id) {
+    auto thread_handle = BT5API_THREADS.find(thread_id);
+    if (thread_handle != BT5API_THREADS.end()) {
+        if (thread_handle->second->joinable()) {
+            thread_handle->second->detach();
+        }
+        delete thread_handle->second;
+        BT5API_THREADS.erase(thread_handle);
+    }
+    BT5API_THREAD_RESULTS.erase(thread_id);
+}
+
+void bt5api_init() {
+
+    // check if already initialized
+    if (EAMIO_DLL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_info("bt5api", "initializing");
+
+    // load DLL instances
+    EAMIO_DLL = libutils::try_library(EAMIO_DLL_NAME);
+    if (!EAMIO_DLL) {
+        EAMIO_DLL = libutils::try_library("..\\" + EAMIO_DLL_NAME);
+    }
+    if (!EAMIO_DLL) {
+        log_warning("bt5api", "unable to load '{}': 0x{:x}", EAMIO_DLL_NAME, GetLastError());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // load eamio funcs
+    eam_io_set_loggers = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_set_loggers_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_set_loggers");
+    eam_io_init = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_init_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_init");
+    eam_io_fini = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_fini_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_fini");
+    eam_io_get_keypad_state = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_get_keypad_state_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_get_keypad_state");
+    eam_io_get_sensor_state = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_get_sensor_state_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_get_sensor_state");
+    eam_io_read_card = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_read_card_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_read_card");
+    eam_io_card_slot_cmd = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_card_slot_cmd_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_card_slot_cmd");
+    eam_io_poll = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_poll_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_poll");
+    eam_io_get_config_api = libutils::try_proc<eam_io_get_config_api_t>(EAMIO_DLL, "eam_io_get_config_api");
+
+    // initialize
+    eam_io_set_loggers(&bt5api_log, &bt5api_log, &bt5api_log, &bt5api_log);
+    eam_io_init(&bt5api_thread_create, &bt5api_thread_join, &bt5api_thread_destroy);
+
+    // bt5api workaround for games with 2 card readers (NFCeAmuse cares about this)
+    if (eamuse_get_game_keypads() > 1) {
+        bt5api_poll_reader_card(1);
+        bt5api_poll_reader_card(0);
+    }
+
+    // done
+    log_info("bt5api", "done initializing");
+}
+
+void bt5api_hook(HINSTANCE module) {
+    libraryhook_enable(module);
+
+    // toastertools
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("iidx_io_ext_get_16seg", games::iidx::get_16seg);
+}
+
+void bt5api_poll_reader_card(uint8_t unit_no) {
+
+    // check if initialized
+    if (!EAMIO_DLL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // poll
+    if (!eam_io_poll(unit_no)) {
+        log_warning("bt5api", "polling bt5api reader {} returned failure",
+                static_cast<int>(unit_no));
+    }
+
+    // get sensor state
+    uint8_t sensor_state = eam_io_get_sensor_state(unit_no);
+
+    // check for card in
+    if (sensor_state > BT5API_CARD_STATES[unit_no]) {
+        uint8_t card_id[8];
+        eam_io_read_card(unit_no, card_id, 8);
+        eamuse_card_insert(unit_no, card_id);
+    }
+
+    // save state
+    BT5API_CARD_STATES[unit_no] = sensor_state;
+}
+
+void bt5api_poll_reader_keypad(uint8_t unit_no) {
+
+    // check if initialized
+    if (!EAMIO_DLL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // poll
+    if (!eam_io_poll(unit_no)) {
+        log_warning("bt5api", "polling bt5api reader {} returned failure",
+                static_cast<int>(unit_no));
+    }
+
+    // get keypad
+    eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_bt5(unit_no, eam_io_get_keypad_state(unit_no));
+}
+
+void bt5api_dispose() {
+
+    // check if initialized
+    if (!EAMIO_DLL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // finish
+    eam_io_fini();
+}
diff --git a/misc/bt5api.h b/misc/bt5api.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f68a076
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/bt5api.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+/* Emulating the sensors of a slotted card reader. The reader has one
+   sensor at the front that detects if a card is getting inserted or
+   if the card is not fully removed. When the back sensor is triggered
+   the card is locked in the slot and its data is read. */
+enum eam_io_sensor_state {
+    EAM_IO_SENSOR_FRONT = 0,
+    EAM_IO_SENSOR_BACK = 1,
+};
+
+/* Different commands for the (slotted) reader. The game triggers one
+   of these actions and the card slot as to execute it. When non-slotted
+   readers are emulated, these states are not used/set. */
+enum eam_io_card_slot_cmd {
+    EAM_IO_CARD_SLOT_CMD_CLOSE = 0,
+    EAM_IO_CARD_SLOT_CMD_OPEN = 1,
+    EAM_IO_CARD_SLOT_CMD_EJECT = 2,
+    EAM_IO_CARD_SLOT_CMD_READ = 3,
+};
+
+/* A private function pointer table returned by the stock EAMIO.DLL
+   implementation and consumed by config.exe. The contents of this table are
+   undocumented and subject to change without notice. */
+struct eam_io_config_api;
+
+extern bool BT5API_ENABLED;
+
+void bt5api_init();
+void bt5api_hook(HINSTANCE module);
+void bt5api_poll_reader_card(uint8_t unit_no);
+void bt5api_poll_reader_keypad(uint8_t unit_no);
+void bt5api_dispose();
diff --git a/misc/clipboard.cpp b/misc/clipboard.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4f264dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/clipboard.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+#include "clipboard.h"
+
+// GDI+ Headers
+// WARNING: Must stay in this order to compile
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <objidl.h>
+#include <gdiplus.h>
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+#include <gdiplus/gdiplusflat.h>
+#else
+#include <gdiplusflat.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace clipboard {
+    namespace imports {
+        static bool ATTEMPTED_LOAD_LIBRARY = false;
+
+        static decltype(Gdiplus::GdiplusShutdown) *GdiplusShutdown = nullptr;
+        static decltype(Gdiplus::GdiplusStartup) *GdiplusStartup = nullptr;
+        static decltype(Gdiplus::DllExports::GdipCreateBitmapFromFile) *GdipCreateBitmapFromFile = nullptr;
+        static decltype(Gdiplus::DllExports::GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap) *GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap = nullptr;
+        static decltype(Gdiplus::DllExports::GdipDisposeImage) *GdipDisposeImage = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    void copy_image_handler(const std::filesystem::path &path) {
+        if (!imports::ATTEMPTED_LOAD_LIBRARY) {
+            imports::ATTEMPTED_LOAD_LIBRARY = true;
+
+            auto gdiplus = libutils::try_library("gdiplus.dll");
+
+            if (gdiplus) {
+                imports::GdiplusShutdown = (decltype(imports::GdiplusShutdown)) libutils::try_proc(
+                        gdiplus, "GdiplusShutdown");
+                imports::GdiplusStartup = (decltype(imports::GdiplusStartup)) libutils::try_proc(
+                        gdiplus, "GdiplusStartup");
+                imports::GdipCreateBitmapFromFile = (decltype(imports::GdipCreateBitmapFromFile)) libutils::try_proc(
+                        gdiplus, "GdipCreateBitmapFromFile");
+                imports::GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap = (decltype(imports::GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap)) libutils::try_proc(
+                        gdiplus, "GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap");
+                imports::GdipDisposeImage = (decltype(imports::GdipDisposeImage)) libutils::try_proc(
+                        gdiplus, "GdipDisposeImage");
+            } else {
+                log_warning("clipboard", "GDI+ library not found, disabling clipboard functionality");
+            }
+        }
+        if (!imports::GdiplusShutdown ||
+            !imports::GdiplusStartup ||
+            !imports::GdipCreateBitmapFromFile ||
+            !imports::GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap ||
+            !imports::GdipDisposeImage)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // If the screenshot button is print screen, the OpenClipboard call seems to fail often if we only
+        // call it once, probably due to a race condition. So, we can try calling a lot until we can open it.
+        bool clipboard_open = false;
+        for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
+            if (OpenClipboard(nullptr)) {
+                clipboard_open = true;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (!clipboard_open) {
+            log_warning("clipboard", "Failed to open clipboard");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Start gdiplus
+        Gdiplus::GdiplusStartupInput input {};
+        ULONG_PTR token;
+        imports::GdiplusStartup(&token, &input, nullptr);
+
+        // Convert the file path to a wstring and open the screenshot file
+        Gdiplus::GpBitmap *bitmap = nullptr;
+        auto status = imports::GdipCreateBitmapFromFile(path.c_str(), &bitmap);
+        if (status != Gdiplus::Ok) {
+            log_warning("clipboard", "failed to create GDI+ bitmap: {}", status);
+
+            imports::GdiplusShutdown(token);
+            CloseClipboard();
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Retrieve the HBITMAP from the Bitmap object
+        HBITMAP hbitmap {};
+        status = imports::GdipCreateHBITMAPFromBitmap(bitmap, &hbitmap, 0);
+        if (status == Gdiplus::Ok) {
+
+            // Convert the HBITMAP to a DIB to copy to the clipboard
+            BITMAP bm;
+            GetObject(hbitmap, sizeof(bm), &bm);
+
+            BITMAPINFOHEADER info;
+            info.biSize = sizeof(info);
+            info.biWidth = bm.bmWidth;
+            info.biHeight = bm.bmHeight;
+            info.biPlanes = 1;
+            info.biBitCount = bm.bmBitsPixel;
+            info.biCompression = BI_RGB;
+
+            std::vector<BYTE> dimensions(bm.bmWidthBytes * bm.bmHeight);
+            auto hdc = GetDC(nullptr);
+            GetDIBits(hdc, hbitmap, 0, info.biHeight, dimensions.data(), reinterpret_cast<BITMAPINFO *>(&info), 0);
+            ReleaseDC(nullptr, hdc);
+
+            auto hmem = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, sizeof(info) + dimensions.size());
+            auto buffer = reinterpret_cast<BYTE *>(GlobalLock(hmem));
+            memcpy(buffer, &info, sizeof(info));
+            memcpy(&buffer[sizeof(info)], dimensions.data(), dimensions.size());
+            GlobalUnlock(hmem);
+
+            if (SetClipboardData(CF_DIB, hmem)) {
+                log_info("clipboard", "saved image to clipboard");
+            } else {
+                log_warning("clipboard", "failed to save image to clipboard");
+            }
+        } else {
+            log_warning("clipboard", "failed to retrieve HBITMAP from image bitmap: {}", status);
+        }
+
+        // Clean up after ourselves. hmem can't be deleted because it is owned by the clipboard now.
+        imports::GdipDisposeImage(bitmap);
+
+        imports::GdiplusShutdown(token);
+
+        CloseClipboard();
+    }
+
+    void copy_image(const std::filesystem::path path) {
+
+        // Create a new thread since we loop to open the clipboard
+        std::thread handle(copy_image_handler, std::move(path));
+
+        handle.detach();
+    }
+
+    void copy_text(const std::string str) {
+        if (!OpenClipboard(nullptr)) {
+            log_warning("clipboard", "Failed to open clipboard");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        HGLOBAL mem = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_MOVEABLE, str.length());
+        memcpy(GlobalLock(mem), str.c_str(), str.length());
+        GlobalUnlock(mem);
+
+        EmptyClipboard();
+        SetClipboardData(CF_TEXT, mem);
+        CloseClipboard();
+    }
+
+    const std::string paste_text() {
+        HGLOBAL hglb; 
+        LPSTR str;
+        std::string text;
+
+        // check if clipboard content is text
+        if (!IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_TEXT)) {
+            return text;
+        }
+        if (!OpenClipboard(nullptr)) {
+            log_warning("clipboard", "Failed to open clipboard");
+            return text;
+        }
+
+        hglb = GetClipboardData(CF_TEXT); 
+        if (hglb != NULL) { 
+            str = reinterpret_cast<LPSTR>(GlobalLock(hglb));
+            if (str != NULL)  { 
+                text = str;
+                GlobalUnlock(hglb); 
+            } 
+        } 
+        CloseClipboard();  
+        return text;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/misc/clipboard.h b/misc/clipboard.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5e38fd3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/clipboard.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <filesystem>
+
+namespace clipboard {
+    void copy_image(const std::filesystem::path path);
+    void copy_text(const std::string str);
+    const std::string paste_text();
+}
diff --git a/misc/device.cpp b/misc/device.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3827ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/device.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+#include "device.h"
+
+#include <ctime>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "games/gitadora/io.h"
+#include "games/jb/jb.h"
+#include "games/jb/io.h"
+#include "games/rb/io.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+
+#include "eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+// settings
+const char DEVICE_SYSTEM_VERSION[] = "4.2.0:0";
+const char DEVICE_SUBBOARD_VERSION[] = "4.2.0:0";
+
+// state
+static HINSTANCE DEVICE_INSTANCE;
+static std::string DEVICE_INSTANCE_NAME1 = "device.dll";
+static std::string DEVICE_INSTANCE_NAME2 = "libdevice.dll";
+static bool DEVICE_INITIALIZED = false;
+static int DEVICE_INPUT_STATE;
+
+static int __cdecl device_check_secplug(int a1) {
+
+    // check for invalid index
+    if (a1 > 1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // J44/K44 has it flipped
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "J44", "K44" })) {
+        return 0x101 - a1;
+    } else {
+        return 0x100 + a1;
+    }
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_force_check_secplug(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static short __cdecl device_dispose_coinstock() {
+    eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_finalize(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_get_coinstock(unsigned short *coin1, unsigned short *coin2) {
+    *coin1 = (unsigned short) eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    *coin2 = 0;
+
+    // without this, jubeat will spawn never ending credit inserts
+    eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_get_coinstock_all(unsigned short *coin1, unsigned short *coin2) {
+    *coin1 = (unsigned short) eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    *coin2 = 0;
+
+    // without this, jubeat will spawn never ending credit inserts
+    eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+}
+
+static char __cdecl device_get_dispw() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl device_get_input(int a1) {
+
+    // Gitadora
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "J32", "J33", "K32", "K33", "L32", "L33", "M32" })) {
+        long ret = 0;
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::gitadora::get_buttons();
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::Service))) {
+            ret |= 0x8;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::Test))) {
+            ret |= 0x2;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::Coin))) {
+            ret |= 0x10;
+        }
+
+        // gf player 2 controls
+        if (a1 == 1) {
+
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Start))) {
+                ret |= 0x4;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Up))) {
+                ret |= 0x20;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Down))) {
+                ret |= 0x40;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Left))) {
+                ret |= 0x80;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Right))) {
+                ret |= 0x100;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Help))) {
+                ret |= 0x200;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Effect1))) {
+                ret |= 0x400;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Effect2))) {
+                ret |= 0x800;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Effect3))) {
+                ret |= 0x1000;
+            }
+            if (!Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2EffectPedal))) {
+                ret |= 0x2000;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2ButtonExtra1))) {
+                ret |= 0x4000;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2ButtonExtra2))) {
+                ret |= 0x8000;
+            }
+
+            // return flags
+            return ret;
+        }
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Start)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumStart)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x4;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Up)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumUp)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x20;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Down)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumDown)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x40;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Left)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumLeft)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x80;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Right)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumRight)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x100;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Help)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumHelp)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x200;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Effect1))) {
+            ret |= 0x400;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Effect2))) {
+            ret |= 0x800;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Effect3))) {
+            ret |= 0x1000;
+        }
+        if (!Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1EffectPedal))) {
+            ret |= 0x2000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1ButtonExtra1)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumButtonExtra1)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x4000;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1ButtonExtra2)) ||
+            Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumButtonExtra2)))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x8000;
+        }
+
+        // return flags
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // all other games get updated in device_update()
+    if (a1) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return DEVICE_INPUT_STATE;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl device_get_input_time() {
+    time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
+    auto now = static_cast<long int> (t);
+    return now;
+}
+
+static int *__cdecl device_get_jamma() {
+    return &DEVICE_INPUT_STATE;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_jamma_history(struct T_JAMMA_HISTORY_INFO *a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_panel_trg_off(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_panel_trg_on(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_panel_trg_short_on(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_secplug_error(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_secplug_hist(int a1, int a2, char *a3) {
+    *a3 = 0;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_racecount() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_secplug(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_sliptrg(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_status() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_get_subboard_version(void *data, unsigned int size) {
+    if (size < sizeof(DEVICE_SUBBOARD_VERSION)) {
+        memset(data, 0, MIN(1, size));
+    } else {
+        memcpy(data, DEVICE_SUBBOARD_VERSION, sizeof(DEVICE_SUBBOARD_VERSION));
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *__cdecl device_get_sys_version() {
+    return DEVICE_SYSTEM_VERSION;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_initialize(int a1, int a2) {
+    DEVICE_INITIALIZED = true;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl device_is_initialized() {
+    return DEVICE_INITIALIZED;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_poweroff() {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_read_secplug(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_set_coinblocker_open(char number, char open) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_set_coincounter_merge() {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_set_coincounter_work() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_set_coincounter_controllable() {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_set_panel_mode(int mode) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_set_jamma_asyncmode() {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_set_jamma_normalmode() {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_set_jamma_unti_inputskip(int a1) {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_set_portout(size_t index, int value) {
+
+    // reflec beat
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MBR")) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::rb::get_lights();
+
+        // mapping
+        static const size_t light_mapping[] {
+            games::rb::Lights::WooferR,
+            games::rb::Lights::WooferG,
+            games::rb::Lights::WooferB,
+            games::rb::Lights::EscutcheonR,
+            games::rb::Lights::EscutcheonG,
+            games::rb::Lights::EscutcheonB,
+            games::rb::Lights::TitleR,
+            games::rb::Lights::TitleG,
+            games::rb::Lights::TitleB,
+            games::rb::Lights::TitleUpR,
+            games::rb::Lights::TitleUpG,
+            games::rb::Lights::TitleUpB,
+        };
+
+        // set light
+        if (index < std::size(light_mapping)) {
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(light_mapping[index]), value / 127.f);
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_set_portoutbit() {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl device_set_watchdog_timer(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_set_watchdog() {
+    return;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_update() {
+
+    // flush device output
+    RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+    // JB knit and copious
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "J44", "K44" })) {
+
+        // update touch
+        games::jb::touch_update();
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::jb::get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        DEVICE_INPUT_STATE = 0;
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Service))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 30;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Test))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 28;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 29;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[3] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button1))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 13;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[7] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button2))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 9;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[11] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button3))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 21;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[15] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button4))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 17;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[2] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button5))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 14;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[6] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button6))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 10;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[10] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button7))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 22;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[14] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button8))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 18;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[1] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button9))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 15;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[5] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button10))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 11;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[9] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button11))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 23;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[13] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button12))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 19;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[0] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button13))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 24;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[4] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button14))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 12;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[8] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button15))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 26;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[12] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button16))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 20;
+        }
+
+        DEVICE_INPUT_STATE = ~DEVICE_INPUT_STATE;
+    }
+
+    // JB
+    if (avs::game::is_model("L44")) {
+
+        // update touch
+        games::jb::touch_update();
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::jb::get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        DEVICE_INPUT_STATE = 0;
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Service))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 25;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Test))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 28;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::CoinMech))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 24;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[0] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button1))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 5;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[1] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button2))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 1;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[2] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button3))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 13;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[3] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button4))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 9;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[4] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button5))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 6;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[5] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button6))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 2;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[6] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button7))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 14;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[7] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button8))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 10;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[8] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button9))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 7;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[9] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button10))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 3;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[10] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button11))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 15;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[11] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button12))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 11;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[12] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button13))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 16;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[13] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button14))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 4;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[14] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button15))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 20;
+        }
+        if (games::jb::TOUCH_STATE[15] || Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::jb::Buttons::Button16))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 1 << 12;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // RB
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "KBR", "LBR", "MBR" })) {
+
+        // get buttons
+        auto &buttons = games::rb::get_buttons();
+
+        // reset
+        DEVICE_INPUT_STATE = 0;
+
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rb::Buttons::Service))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 0x08;
+        }
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(games::rb::Buttons::Test))) {
+            DEVICE_INPUT_STATE |= 0x02;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void __cdecl device_update_secplug() {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl devsci_break(char a1, char a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl devsci_open(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl devsci_read(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl devsci_write(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return a3;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_boot() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_close(int index) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_set_linebreak(int index, char c) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_setparam(int a1, int a2, int a3, uint8_t a4) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_puts(int index, const char *msg, int size) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_gets(int index, uint8_t *buffer, int buffer_size) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_flush() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_flush_complete() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_clear_error(int index) {
+
+    // return cleared error
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_get_error(int index) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl p4io_sci_print_error(int index, int (__fastcall *logger)(const char *)) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void spicedevice_attach() {
+
+    // get instance
+    DEVICE_INSTANCE = libutils::try_module(DEVICE_INSTANCE_NAME1);
+    if (!DEVICE_INSTANCE) {
+        DEVICE_INSTANCE = libutils::try_module(DEVICE_INSTANCE_NAME2);
+    }
+    if (!DEVICE_INSTANCE) {
+        log_info("device", "skipping device module hooks");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_info("device", "SpiceTools DEVICE");
+
+    /*
+     * Patches
+     * the trick here is to account for normal names and specific ones
+     */
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_check_secplug, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_check_secplug", "?device_check_secplug@@YAHH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_force_check_secplug, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_force_check_secplug", "?device_force_check_secplug@@YAXXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_dispose_coinstock, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_dispose_coinstock"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_finalize, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_finalize", "?device_finalize@@YAXXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_coinstock, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_coinstock", "?device_get_coinstock@@YAXPEAG0@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_coinstock_all, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_coinstock_all",
+                              "?device_get_coinstock_all@@YAXPEAG0@Z",
+                              "?device_get_coinstock_all@@YAXPAG0@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_dispw, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_dispw", "?device_get_dipsw@@YAEH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_input, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_input", "?device_get_input@@YAIH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_input_time, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_input_time", "?device_get_input_time@@YA_KXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_jamma, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_jamma"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_jamma_history, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_jamma_history",
+                              "?device_get_jamma_history@@YAHPEAUT_JAMMA_HISTORY_INFO@@H@Z",
+                              "?device_get_jamma_history@@YAHPAUT_JAMMA_HISTORY_INFO@@H@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_panel_trg_off, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_panel_trg_off"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_panel_trg_on, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_panel_trg_on"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_panel_trg_short_on, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_panel_trg_short_on"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_secplug_error, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_secplug_error"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_secplug_hist, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_secplug_hist"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_racecount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_racecount", "?device_get_racecount@@YAHXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_secplug, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_secplug", "?device_get_secplug@@YAHHQEAE0@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_sliptrg, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_sliptrg", "?device_get_sliptrg@@YAIH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_status, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_status", "?device_get_status@@YAHXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_subboard_version, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_subboard_version",
+                              "?device_get_subboard_version@@YAHPEADH@Z",
+                              "?device_get_subboard_version@@YAHPADH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_get_sys_version, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_get_sys_version", "?device_get_sys_version@@YAPEBDXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_initialize, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_initialize",
+                              "?device_initialize@@YAHH@Z",
+                              "?device_initialize@@YAHXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_is_initialized, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_is_initialized"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_poweroff, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_poweroff", "?device_poweroff@@YAXXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_read_secplug, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_read_secplug", "?device_read_secplug@@YAHHQEAE0@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_coinblocker_open, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_coinblocker_open", "?device_set_coinblocker_open@@YAXEE@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_coincounter_merge, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_coincounter_merge", "?device_set_coincounter_merge@@YAXE@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_coincounter_work, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_coincounter_work", "?device_set_coincounter_work@@YAXEE@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_coincounter_controllable, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_coincounter_controllable", "?device_set_coincounter_controllable@@YAXEE@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_panel_mode, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_panel_mode"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_jamma_asyncmode, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_jamma_asyncmode", "?device_set_jamma_asyncmode@@YAXXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_jamma_normalmode, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_jamma_normalmode", "?device_set_jamma_normalmode@@YAXXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_jamma_unti_inputskip, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_jamma_unti_inputskip", "?device_set_jamma_unti_inputskip@@YAXH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_portout, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_portout", "?device_set_portout@@YAXHH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_portoutbit, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_portoutbit", "?device_set_portoutbit@@YAXHH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_watchdog_timer, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_set_watchdog_timer"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_set_watchdog, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"?device_set_watchdog@@YAXH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_update, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_update", "?device_update@@YAXXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) device_update_secplug, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"device_update_secplug", "?device_update_secplug@@YAXXZ"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) devsci_break, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"devsci_break", "?devsci_break@@YAXHH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) devsci_open, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"devsci_open", "?devsci_open@@YAXHHH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) devsci_read, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"devsci_read", "?devsci_read@@YAHHPEAEH@Z"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) devsci_write, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"devsci_write", "?devsci_write@@YAHHPEBEH@Z"}));
+
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_boot, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_boot"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_close, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_close"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_set_linebreak, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_set_linebreak"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_setparam, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_setparam"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_puts, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_puts"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_gets, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_gets"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_flush, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_flush"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_flush_complete, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_flush_complete"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_clear_error, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_clear_error"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_get_error, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_get_error"}));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) p4io_sci_print_error, libutils::try_proc_list(
+            DEVICE_INSTANCE, {"p4io_sci_print_error"}));
+
+    // TODO: missing functions
+    // device_hwinfo_etc_update
+    // device_hwinfo_get
+    // device_hwinfo_update
+    // device_set_jamma_interrupt_status
+    // sci_mng_get_debug_info
+    // test_device
+}
+
+void spicedevice_detach() {
+    // TODO
+}
diff --git a/misc/device.h b/misc/device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cef15c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void spicedevice_attach();
+
+void spicedevice_detach();
diff --git a/misc/eamuse.cpp b/misc/eamuse.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2bb2411
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/eamuse.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,570 @@
+#include "eamuse.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/config.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "bt5api.h"
+
+// state
+static bool CARD_INSERT[2] = {false, false};
+static double CARD_INSERT_TIME[2] = {0, 0};
+static double CARD_INSERT_TIMEOUT = 2.0;
+static char CARD_INSERT_UID[2][8];
+static char CARD_INSERT_UID_ENABLE[2] = {false, false};
+static int COIN_STOCK = 0;
+static bool COIN_BLOCK = false;
+static std::thread *COIN_INPUT_THREAD;
+static bool COIN_INPUT_THREAD_ACTIVE = false;
+static uint16_t KEYPAD_STATE[] = {0, 0};
+static uint16_t KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES[] = {0, 0};
+static uint16_t KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_BT5[] = {0, 0};
+static uint16_t KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_READER[] = {0, 0};
+static uint16_t KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_OVERLAY[] = {0, 0};
+static std::string EAMUSE_GAME_NAME;
+static ConfigKeypadBindings KEYPAD_BINDINGS {};
+
+// auto card
+bool AUTO_INSERT_CARD[2] = {false, false};
+float AUTO_INSERT_CARD_COOLDOWN = 8.f; // seconds
+static std::optional<double> AUTO_INSERT_CARD_FIRST_CONSUME_TIME;
+static bool AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED[2];
+static uint8_t AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED_DATA[2][8];
+
+bool eamuse_get_card(int active_count, int unit_id, uint8_t *card) {
+
+    // get unit index
+    int index = unit_id > 0 && active_count > 1 ? 1 : 0;
+
+    // check cards cached for auto-insert
+    // explicitly not logging anything in this path to avoid log spam
+    if (AUTO_INSERT_CARD[index] && AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED[index]) {
+        memcpy(card, AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED_DATA[index], 8);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // reader card input
+    if (CARD_INSERT_UID_ENABLE[index]) {
+        CARD_INSERT_UID_ENABLE[index] = false;
+        memcpy(card, CARD_INSERT_UID[index], 8);
+        log_info("eamuse", "Inserted card from reader {}: {}", index, bin2hex(card, 8));
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // get file path
+    std::filesystem::path path;
+    if (!KEYPAD_BINDINGS.card_paths[index].empty()) {
+        path = KEYPAD_BINDINGS.card_paths[index];
+    } else {
+        path = index > 0 ? "card1.txt" : "card0.txt";
+    }
+
+    // call the next function
+    return eamuse_get_card(path, card, index);
+}
+
+bool eamuse_get_card(const std::filesystem::path &path, uint8_t *card, int index) {
+
+    // Check if card overrides are present
+    if (!CARD_OVERRIDES[index].empty()) {
+
+        // Override is present
+        for (int n = 0; n < 16; n++) {
+            char c = CARD_OVERRIDES[index].c_str()[n];
+            bool digit = c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+            bool character_big = c >= 'A' && c <= 'F';
+            bool character_small = c >= 'a' && c <= 'f';
+            if (!digit && !character_big && !character_small) {
+                log_warning("eamuse",
+                            "{} card override contains an invalid character sequence at byte {} (16 characters, 0-9/A-F only)",
+                            CARD_OVERRIDES[index], n);
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        // Log info
+        log_info("eamuse", "Inserted card override: {}", CARD_OVERRIDES[index]);
+
+        // Card is valid, convert and set it.
+        hex2bin(CARD_OVERRIDES[index].c_str(), card);
+
+        // cache it for auto-insert
+        if (AUTO_INSERT_CARD[index] && !AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED[index]) {
+            memcpy(AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED_DATA[index], card, 8);
+            AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED[index] = true;
+            log_info("eamuse", "Auto card insert - caching this card in memory: {}", CARD_OVERRIDES[index]);
+        }
+
+        // success
+        return true;
+    }
+    // Overrides are not present. Use the standard file reading method.
+    return eamuse_get_card_from_file(path, card, index);
+}
+
+bool eamuse_get_card_from_file(const std::filesystem::path &path, uint8_t *card, int index) {
+
+    // open file
+    std::ifstream f(path);
+    if (!f) {
+        log_warning("eamuse", "{} can not be opened!", path.string());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get size
+    f.seekg(0, f.end);
+    auto length = (size_t) f.tellg();
+    f.seekg(0, f.beg);
+
+    // check size
+    if (length < 16) {
+        log_warning("eamuse", "{} is too small (must be at least 16 characters)", path.string());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // read file
+    char buffer[17];
+    f.read(buffer, 16);
+    buffer[16] = 0;
+
+    // verify card
+    for (int n = 0; n < 16; n++) {
+        char c = buffer[n];
+        bool digit = c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+        bool character_big = c >= 'A' && c <= 'F';
+        bool character_small = c >= 'a' && c <= 'f';
+        if (!digit && !character_big && !character_small) {
+            log_warning("eamuse",
+                "{} contains an invalid character sequence at byte {} (16 characters, 0-9/A-F only)",
+                path.string(), n);
+
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // info
+    log_info("eamuse", "Inserted {}: {}", path.string(), buffer);
+
+    // convert hex to bytes
+    hex2bin(buffer, card);
+
+    // cache it for auto-insert
+    if (AUTO_INSERT_CARD[index] && !AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED[index]) {
+        memcpy(AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED_DATA[index], card, 8);
+        AUTO_INSERT_CARD_CACHED[index] = true;
+        log_info("eamuse", "Auto card insert - caching this card in memory: {}", buffer);
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return true;
+}
+
+void eamuse_card_insert(int unit) {
+    CARD_INSERT[unit] = true;
+    CARD_INSERT_TIME[unit] = get_performance_seconds();
+}
+
+void eamuse_card_insert(int unit, const uint8_t *card) {
+    memcpy(CARD_INSERT_UID[unit], card, 8);
+    CARD_INSERT[unit] = true;
+    CARD_INSERT_TIME[unit] = get_performance_seconds();
+    CARD_INSERT_UID_ENABLE[unit] = true;
+}
+
+bool eamuse_card_insert_consume(int active_count, int unit_id) {
+
+    // get unit index
+    int index = unit_id > 0 && active_count > 1 ? 1 : 0;
+
+    // bt5api
+    if (BT5API_ENABLED) {
+        bt5api_poll_reader_card((uint8_t) index);
+    }
+
+    // auto insert card
+    if (AUTO_INSERT_CARD[index]) {
+        // reset timer if enough time has passed since last insert
+        if (CARD_INSERT[index] &&
+            AUTO_INSERT_CARD_COOLDOWN < (get_performance_seconds() - CARD_INSERT_TIME[index])) {
+            CARD_INSERT[index] = false;
+        }
+
+        if (!CARD_INSERT[index]) {
+            eamuse_card_insert(index);
+            // not logging anything here to prevent spam
+            // log_info("eamuse", "Automatic card insert on {}/{} (-autocard)", unit_id + 1, active_count);
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // check for card insert
+    auto keypad_buttons = games::get_buttons_keypads(eamuse_get_game());
+    auto offset = unit_id * games::KeypadButtons::Size;
+    if ((CARD_INSERT[index] && fabs(get_performance_seconds() - CARD_INSERT_TIME[index]) < CARD_INSERT_TIMEOUT)
+        || GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::InsertCard + offset))) {
+        log_info("eamuse", "Card insert on {}/{}", unit_id + 1, active_count);
+        CARD_INSERT[index] = false;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool eamuse_coin_get_block() {
+    return COIN_BLOCK;
+}
+
+void eamuse_coin_set_block(bool block) {
+    COIN_BLOCK = block;
+}
+
+int eamuse_coin_get_stock() {
+    return COIN_STOCK;
+}
+
+void eamuse_coin_set_stock(int amount) {
+    COIN_STOCK = amount;
+}
+
+bool eamuse_coin_consume(int amount) {
+    if (COIN_STOCK < amount) {
+        return false;
+    } else {
+        COIN_STOCK -= amount;
+        return true;
+    }
+}
+
+int eamuse_coin_consume_stock() {
+    int stock = COIN_STOCK;
+    COIN_STOCK = 0;
+    return stock;
+}
+
+int eamuse_coin_add() {
+    return ++COIN_STOCK;
+}
+
+void eamuse_coin_start_thread() {
+
+    // set active
+    COIN_INPUT_THREAD_ACTIVE = true;
+
+    // create thread
+    COIN_INPUT_THREAD = new std::thread([]() {
+        auto overlay_buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+        static bool COIN_INPUT_KEY_STATE = false;
+        while (COIN_INPUT_THREAD_ACTIVE) {
+
+            // check input key
+            if (overlay_buttons && GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, overlay_buttons->at(
+                    games::OverlayButtons::InsertCoin))) {
+                if (!COIN_INPUT_KEY_STATE) {
+                    if (COIN_BLOCK)
+                        log_info("eamuse", "coin inserted while blocked");
+                    else {
+                        log_info("eamuse", "coin insert");
+                        COIN_STOCK++;
+                    }
+                }
+                COIN_INPUT_KEY_STATE = true;
+            } else {
+                COIN_INPUT_KEY_STATE = false;
+            }
+
+            // once every two frames
+            Sleep(1000 / 30);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
+void eamuse_coin_stop_thread() {
+    COIN_INPUT_THREAD_ACTIVE = false;
+    COIN_INPUT_THREAD->join();
+    delete COIN_INPUT_THREAD;
+    COIN_INPUT_THREAD = nullptr;
+}
+
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state) {
+
+    // check unit
+    if (unit >= std::size(KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set state
+    KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES[unit] = keypad_state;
+}
+
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_bt5(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state) {
+
+    // check unit
+    if (unit >= std::size(KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_BT5)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set state
+    KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_BT5[unit] = keypad_state;
+}
+
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_reader(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state) {
+
+    // check unit
+    if (unit >= std::size(KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_READER)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set state
+    KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_READER[unit] = keypad_state;
+}
+
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_overlay(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state) {
+
+    // check unit
+    if (unit >= std::size(KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_OVERLAY)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // set state
+    KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_OVERLAY[unit] = keypad_state;
+}
+
+uint16_t eamuse_get_keypad_state(size_t unit) {
+
+    // check unit
+    if (unit >= std::size(KEYPAD_STATE)) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    
+    // reset
+    KEYPAD_STATE[unit] = KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES[unit];
+    KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_BT5[unit];
+    KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_READER[unit];
+    KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= KEYPAD_STATE_OVERRIDES_OVERLAY[unit];
+
+    // bt5api
+    if (BT5API_ENABLED) {
+        bt5api_poll_reader_keypad((uint8_t) unit);
+    }
+
+    // get keybinds and get offset for unit
+    auto keypad_buttons = games::get_buttons_keypads(eamuse_get_game());
+    auto offset = unit * games::KeypadButtons::Size;
+
+    // parse
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad0 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad1 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad2 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad3 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad4 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad5 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad6 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad7 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad8 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad9 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::Keypad00 + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::KeypadDecimal + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL;
+    }
+    if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, keypad_buttons->at(games::KeypadButtons::InsertCard + offset))) {
+        KEYPAD_STATE[unit] |= 1 << EAM_IO_INSERT;
+    }
+
+    // return state
+    return KEYPAD_STATE[unit];
+}
+
+std::string eamuse_get_keypad_state_str(size_t unit) {
+    auto state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(unit);
+    std::ostringstream ss;
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0) ss << "0";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1) ss << "1";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2) ss << "2";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3) ss << "3";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4) ss << "4";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5) ss << "5";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6) ss << "6";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7) ss << "7";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8) ss << "8";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9) ss << "9";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00) ss << "00";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL) ss << "00";
+    if (state & 1 << EAM_IO_INSERT) ss << "00";
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+bool eamuse_keypad_state_naive() {
+    return KEYPAD_BINDINGS.keypads[0].empty() && KEYPAD_BINDINGS.keypads[1].empty();
+}
+
+void eamuse_set_game(std::string game) {
+    if (EAMUSE_GAME_NAME != game) {
+        EAMUSE_GAME_NAME = std::move(game);
+        eamuse_update_keypad_bindings();
+    }
+}
+
+void eamuse_update_keypad_bindings() {
+    KEYPAD_BINDINGS = Config::getInstance().getKeypadBindings(EAMUSE_GAME_NAME);
+}
+
+std::string eamuse_get_game() {
+    return EAMUSE_GAME_NAME;
+}
+
+int eamuse_get_game_keypads() {
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JDZ") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("KDZ") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("LDJ") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("JDX") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("KDX") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("MDX") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("J33") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("K33") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("L33") ||
+        avs::game::is_model("M32"))
+    {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+int eamuse_get_game_keypads_name() {
+    auto game_name = eamuse_get_game();
+
+    if (game_name == "Beatmania IIDX" ||
+        game_name == "Dance Dance Revolution" ||
+        game_name == "GitaDora")
+    {
+        return 2;
+    }
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+void eamuse_autodetect_game() {
+    if (avs::game::is_model("KFC"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Sound Voltex");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("JDZ") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("KDZ") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("LDJ"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Beatmania IIDX");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("J44") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("K44") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("L44"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Jubeat");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("KDM"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Dance Evolution");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("NBT"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Beatstream");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("I36"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Metal Gear");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("KBR") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("LBR") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("MBR"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Reflec Beat");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("KBI"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Tenkaichi Shogikai");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("K39") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("L39") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("M39"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Pop'n Music");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("KGG"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Steel Chronicle");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("JGT"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Road Fighters 3D");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("PIX"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Museca");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("R66"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Bishi Bashi Channel");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("J32") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("J33") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("K32") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("K33") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("L32") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("L33") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("M32"))
+        eamuse_set_game("GitaDora");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("JDX") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("KDX") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("MDX"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Dance Dance Revolution");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("PAN"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Nostalgia");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("JMA") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("KMA") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("LMA"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Quiz Magic Academy");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("MMD"))
+        eamuse_set_game("FutureTomTom");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("KK9"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Mahjong Fight Club");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("JMP"))
+        eamuse_set_game("HELLO! Pop'n Music");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("KLP"))
+        eamuse_set_game("LovePlus");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("NSC"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Scotto");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("REC"))
+        eamuse_set_game("DANCERUSH");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("KCK") ||
+             avs::game::is_model("NCK"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Winning Eleven");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("NCG"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Otoca D'or");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("LA9"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Charge Machine");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("JC9"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Ongaku Paradise");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("TBS"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Busou Shinki: Armored Princess Battle Conductor");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("UJK"))
+        eamuse_set_game("Chase Chase Jokers");
+    else if (avs::game::is_model("UKS"))
+        eamuse_set_game("QuizKnock STADIUM");
+    else {
+        log_warning("eamuse", "unknown game model: {}", avs::game::MODEL);
+        eamuse_set_game("unknown");
+    }
+}
+
+void eamuse_scard_callback(uint8_t slot_no, card_info_t *cardinfo) {
+    log_info(
+        "scard", "eamuse_scard_callback: slot_no={}, card_type={}", slot_no, cardinfo->card_type);
+    if (cardinfo->card_type > 0) {
+        eamuse_card_insert(slot_no & 1, cardinfo->uid);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/misc/eamuse.h b/misc/eamuse.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32eabe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/eamuse.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <string>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "external/scard/scard.h"
+
+/* From BT5 API for compatibility reasons.
+   Scan codes for the so-called "10 key" button panel on each card reader. Each
+   scan code corresponds to a bit position within the 16-bit bitfield that you
+   return from eam_io_get_keypad_state(). */
+enum eam_io_keypad_scan_code {
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0        = 0,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1        = 1,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4        = 2,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7        = 3,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00       = 4,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2        = 5,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5        = 6,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8        = 7,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL  = 8,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3        = 9,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6        = 10,
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9        = 11,
+
+    EAM_IO_KEYPAD_COUNT    = 12, /* Not an actual scan code */
+
+    EAM_IO_INSERT = 13, /* SpiceTools Extension */
+};
+
+extern std::string CARD_OVERRIDES[2];
+extern bool AUTO_INSERT_CARD[2];
+extern float AUTO_INSERT_CARD_COOLDOWN;
+
+bool eamuse_get_card(int active_count, int unit_id, uint8_t *card);
+bool eamuse_get_card(const std::filesystem::path &path, uint8_t *card, int unit_id);
+bool eamuse_get_card_from_file(const std::filesystem::path &path, uint8_t *card, int index);
+
+void eamuse_card_insert(int unit);
+void eamuse_card_insert(int unit, const uint8_t *card);
+
+bool eamuse_card_insert_consume(int active_count, int unit_id);
+
+bool eamuse_coin_get_block();
+void eamuse_coin_set_block(bool block);
+
+int eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+void eamuse_coin_set_stock(int amount);
+bool eamuse_coin_consume(int amount);
+int eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+
+int eamuse_coin_add();
+
+void eamuse_coin_start_thread();
+void eamuse_coin_stop_thread();
+
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state);
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_bt5(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state);
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_reader(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state);
+void eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_overlay(size_t unit, uint16_t keypad_state);
+
+uint16_t eamuse_get_keypad_state(size_t unit);
+std::string eamuse_get_keypad_state_str(size_t unit);
+void eamuse_update_keypad_bindings();
+
+bool eamuse_keypad_state_naive();
+
+void eamuse_set_game(std::string game);
+
+std::string eamuse_get_game();
+int eamuse_get_game_keypads();
+int eamuse_get_game_keypads_name();
+
+void eamuse_autodetect_game();
+
+void eamuse_scard_callback(uint8_t slot_no, card_info_t *cardinfo);
diff --git a/misc/extdev.cpp b/misc/extdev.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..361835d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/extdev.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1329 @@
+#include "extdev.h"
+#include <cmath>
+#include <string>
+#include <optional>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/circular_buffer.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "games/gitadora/io.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+
+#if SPICE64
+typedef uint64_t LED_INDEX;
+#else
+typedef uint32_t LED_INDEX;
+#endif
+
+// card unit
+static size_t EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_COUNT = 0;
+static circular_buffer<int> EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY[2] = {
+        circular_buffer<int>(32),
+        circular_buffer<int>(32)
+};
+static circular_buffer<const char*> EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY_STR[2] = {
+        circular_buffer<const char*>(32),
+        circular_buffer<const char*>(32)
+};
+static int EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_EJECT[2] = {0, 0};
+static bool EXTDEV_CARD_IN[2] = {false, false};
+static bool EXTDEV_CARD_PRESSED[2] = {false, false};
+static uint8_t EXTDEV_CARD[2][8];
+static bool EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_STATE[2][12]{};
+static std::string EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_STRINGS[] = {
+        "0",
+        "1",
+        "2",
+        "3",
+        "4",
+        "5",
+        "6",
+        "7",
+        "8",
+        "9",
+        "RETURN", // enter
+        "00" // double zero
+};
+static unsigned int EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_EAMUSE_MAPPING[] = {
+        0, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11, 8, 4
+};
+static unsigned int EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_NUMS[] {
+        0, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 10, 3, 7, 11, 8, 4
+};
+
+// GFDM
+static int32_t GFDM_DM_ATTACK_BORDER_VALUE[] = {
+        0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50, 0x50
+};
+static bool GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_UP[2]{};
+static bool GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_DOWN[2]{};
+
+// state
+static HINSTANCE EXTDEV_INSTANCE;
+static std::string EXTDEV_INSTANCE_NAMES[] = {
+                "ext_dev.dll",
+                "libextio.dll",
+                "libcardunit.dll",
+                "libledunit.dll",
+                "libgfdm_unit2.dll",
+                "libshare-pj.dll",
+};
+
+static void set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::gitadora_lights_t light, bool led_on);
+static void set_led_value(games::gitadora::Lights::gitadora_lights_t light, uint8_t value);
+static bool is_drum() {
+    return (
+        avs::game::is_model({ "J32", "K32", "L32" }) ||
+        (avs::game::is_model("M32") && avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'B')
+        );
+}
+static bool is_guitar() {
+    return (
+        avs::game::is_model({ "J33", "K33", "L33" }) ||
+        (avs::game::is_model("M32") && avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'A')
+        );
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gitadora_led_common(long index, uint8_t *data);
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_boot2(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+
+    // default reader count to 1
+    EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_COUNT = 1;
+
+    // exceptions for games with two readers
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "J33", "K33", "L33", "M32" })) {
+        EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_COUNT = 2;
+    }
+}
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_boot(int a1, int a2) {
+    cardunit_boot2(1, a1, a2);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_boot_initialize() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_boot_no_slot_type(int a1, int a2) {
+    cardunit_boot2(1, a1, a2);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_card_eject(int unit) {
+    EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_EJECT[unit] = 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_card_eject_complete(int unit) {
+    EXTDEV_CARD_IN[unit] = false;
+    return EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_EJECT[unit];
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_card_eject_wait(int unit) {
+    return EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_EJECT[unit];
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_card_read2(int unit, void *card, int *status) {
+
+    // clear the eject flag
+    EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_EJECT[unit] = 0;
+
+    // check if a card was inserted
+    if (EXTDEV_CARD_IN[unit]) {
+
+        // copy card, return success
+        memcpy(card, EXTDEV_CARD[unit], 8);
+        *status = is_card_uid_felica(EXTDEV_CARD[unit]) ? 2 : 1;
+        return 0;
+
+    } else {
+
+        // tried to read card with no card inserted, return fail
+        memset(card, 0, 8);
+        *status = 0;
+        return 1;
+    }
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_card_read(int unit, void *card) {
+    return cardunit_card_read2(unit, card, nullptr);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_card_ready(int unit) {
+    EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_EJECT[unit] = 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_card_sensor() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_card_sensor_raw(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_update() {
+
+    // update all units
+    for (size_t unit = 0; unit < EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_COUNT; unit++) {
+        bool kb_insert_press = false;
+
+        // eamio keypress
+        kb_insert_press |= eamuse_get_keypad_state(unit) & (1 << EAM_IO_INSERT);
+
+        // update card inserts
+        if (eamuse_card_insert_consume((int) EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_COUNT, unit) ||
+                (kb_insert_press && !EXTDEV_CARD_PRESSED[unit])) {
+            EXTDEV_CARD_PRESSED[unit] = true;
+            if (!EXTDEV_CARD_IN[unit]) {
+                EXTDEV_CARD_IN[unit] = true;
+                eamuse_get_card((int) EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_COUNT, unit, EXTDEV_CARD[unit]);
+            }
+        } else
+            EXTDEV_CARD_PRESSED[unit] = false;
+
+        // get eamu key states
+        uint16_t eamu_state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(unit);
+
+        // iterate all keys
+        for (int i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
+
+            // check if key is pressed
+            if (eamu_state & (1 << EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_EAMUSE_MAPPING[i])) {
+
+                // check if key was pressed before
+                if (!EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_STATE[unit][i]) {
+
+                    // remember key press
+                    EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_STATE[unit][i] = true;
+
+                    // set last key
+                    EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY[unit].put(EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_NUMS[i]);
+                    EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY_STR[unit].put(EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_STRINGS[i].c_str());
+
+                    // we can only detect one key at a time
+                    break;
+                }
+
+            } else {
+
+                // forget old key press
+                EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_TENKEY_STATE[unit][i] = false;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_get_status(int unit) {
+
+    // might not be needed
+    cardunit_update();
+
+    // TODO: why only for reflec beat?
+    if (avs::game::is_model("MBR")) {
+        return EXTDEV_CARD_IN[unit] && is_card_uid_felica(EXTDEV_CARD[unit]) ? 2 : 1;
+    }
+
+    // gitadora always wants 1 apparently
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_decode(void* a1, int a2, void* a3, void* a4) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_encode(void* a1, int a2, void* a3, void* a4) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_get_errorcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_get_recvcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_get_sendcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const char* __cdecl cardunit_get_version(int a1) {
+    static const char* ver = "DUMMY\x04\x02\x00";
+    return ver;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_check_version() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_key_get(int unit) {
+    if (EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY[unit].empty())
+        return -1;
+    return EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY[unit].get();
+}
+
+static const char *__cdecl cardunit_key_str(int unit) {
+    if (EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY_STR[unit].empty())
+        return nullptr;
+    return EXTDEV_CARDUNIT_KEY_STR[unit].get();
+}
+
+static int __cdecl cardunit_reset() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_shutdown() {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl cardunit_sleep(int unit) {
+}
+
+static const size_t gitadora_button_mapping[] = {
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::Service,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::Test,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::Coin,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1PickUp,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1PickDown,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1R,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1G,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1B,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Y,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1P,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1KnobUp,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1KnobDown,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1WailUp,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1WailDown,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2PickUp,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2PickDown,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2R,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2G,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2B,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Y,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2P,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2KnobUp,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2KnobDown,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2WailUp,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2WailDown,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumHiHat,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumHiHatClosed,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumHiHatHalfOpen,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumSnare,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumHiTom,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumLowTom,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumRightCymbal,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumBassPedal,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumLeftCymbal,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumLeftPedal,
+        games::gitadora::Buttons::DrumFloorTom,
+};
+
+static const size_t gitadora_analog_mapping[] = {
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP1WailX,
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP1WailY,
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP1WailZ,
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP1Knob,
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP2WailX,
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP2WailY,
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP2WailZ,
+        games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP2Knob,
+};
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit_boot(unsigned int is_dm, unsigned int a2, unsigned int a3) {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit2_boot(unsigned int is_dm, unsigned int a2, unsigned int a3) {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit_boot_initialize() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit2_boot_initialize() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl gfdm_unit_get_button_p(void *a1, int a2, size_t player) {
+    memset(a1, 0, 64);
+
+    // irrelevant for drummania
+    if (is_drum())
+        return a1;
+
+    // get buttons
+    auto &buttons = games::gitadora::get_buttons();
+    auto &analogs = games::gitadora::get_analogs();
+
+    // X
+    ((int *) a1)[4] = a2 == 1 ? 4080 : -4080;
+    if (analogs.at(player * 3 + 0).isSet())
+        ((int *) a1)[4] = lroundf(Analogs::getState(
+                RI_MGR, analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 0])) * 8160.f) - 4080;
+
+    // Y
+    ((int *) a1)[5] = 0;
+    if (analogs.at(player * 3 + 1).isSet())
+        ((int *) a1)[5] = lroundf(Analogs::getState(
+                RI_MGR, analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 1])) * 8160.f) - 4080;
+    if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[12 + 11 * (size_t) player])))
+        ((int *) a1)[5] = -4080;
+    if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[13 + 11 * (size_t) player])))
+        ((int *) a1)[5] = 4080;
+
+    // Z
+    ((int *) a1)[6] = 0;
+    if (analogs.at(player * 3 + 2).isSet())
+        ((int *) a1)[6] = lroundf(Analogs::getState(
+                RI_MGR, analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 2])) * 8160.f) - 4080;
+
+    // return the same buffer
+    return a1;
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl gfdm_unit_get_button(void *a1, int a2) {
+    return gfdm_unit_get_button_p(a1, a2, 0);
+}
+
+static void *__cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_button(void *a1, int a2) {
+    return gfdm_unit_get_button_p(a1, a2, 1);
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_button_dm(int a1) {
+    return a1 == 9 || a1 == 8;
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_button_dm(int a1) {
+    return a1 == 9 || a1 == 8;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_button_gf(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_button_gf(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_dm_attack_border_value(int a1, int *a2) {
+    if (a1 >= 7)
+        return -1;
+    memcpy(a2, GFDM_DM_ATTACK_BORDER_VALUE, 7 * sizeof(int32_t));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_dm_attack_border_value(int a1, int *a2) {
+    if (a1 >= 7)
+        return -1;
+    memcpy(a2, GFDM_DM_ATTACK_BORDER_VALUE, 7 * sizeof(int32_t));
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_errorcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_errorcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_input_p(int device, size_t player) {
+    long ret = 0;
+
+    // get buttons and analogs
+    auto &buttons = games::gitadora::get_buttons();
+    auto &analogs = games::gitadora::get_analogs();
+
+    // drum mania
+    if (is_drum()) {
+
+        // we don't want input for this
+        if (device == 1)
+            return 0;
+
+        // hi hat
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[25])) ||
+                Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[26])) ||
+                Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[27])))
+        {
+            ret |= 0x20;
+        }
+
+        // snare
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[28]))) {
+            ret |= 0x40;
+        }
+
+        // hi tom
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[29]))) {
+            ret |= 0x80;
+        }
+
+        // low tom
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[30]))) {
+            ret |= 0x100;
+        }
+
+        // right cymbal
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[31]))) {
+            ret |= 0x200;
+        }
+
+        // bass pedal
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[32]))) {
+            ret |= 0x800;
+        }
+
+        // left cymbal
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[33]))) {
+            ret |= 0x4000;
+        }
+
+        // left pedal
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[34]))) {
+            ret |= 0x8000;
+        }
+
+        // floor tom
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[35]))) {
+            ret |= 0x10000;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // guitar freaks
+    if (is_guitar()) {
+        auto offset = player * 11;
+
+        // pick up
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[3 + offset]))) {
+            if (!GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_UP[player]) {
+                GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_UP[player] = true;
+                ret |= 0x80 | 0x20;
+            }
+        } else {
+            GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_UP[player] = false;
+        }
+
+        // pick down
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[4 + offset]))) {
+            if (!GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_DOWN[player]) {
+                GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_DOWN[player] = true;
+                ret |= 0x100 | 0x20;
+            }
+        } else {
+            GFDM_GF_PICK_STATE_DOWN[player] = false;
+        }
+
+        // button R
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[5 + offset]))) {
+            ret |= 0x200;
+        }
+
+        // button G
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[6 + offset]))) {
+            ret |= 0x400;
+        }
+
+        // button B
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[7 + offset]))) {
+            ret |= 0x800;
+        }
+
+        // button Y
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[8 + offset]))) {
+            ret |= 0x1000;
+        }
+
+        // button P
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[9 + offset]))) {
+            ret |= 0x4000;
+        }
+
+        // knob statics
+        static size_t knob[2]{};
+        static long knob_flags[] = {
+                0x8000,
+                0x18000,
+                0x10000,
+                0x30000,
+                0x38000,
+                0x28000
+        };
+
+        // knob up
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[10 + offset]))) {
+            if ((knob[player] >> 2) < 5) {
+                knob[player]++;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // knob down
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[11 + offset]))) {
+            if (knob[player] > 0) {
+                knob[player]--;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get value from 0 to 5
+        size_t value = knob[player] >> 2;
+
+        // analog override
+        if (analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 3]).isSet()) {
+            value = (size_t) (Analogs::getState(
+                    RI_MGR, analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 3])) * 5.999f);
+        }
+
+        // apply value
+        ret |= knob_flags[value];
+    }
+
+    return ret;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_input(int device) {
+    if (device > 0) {
+        return gfdm_unit_get_input_p(device, 1);
+    } else {
+        return gfdm_unit_get_input_p(device, 0);
+    }
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_input(int device) {
+    return gfdm_unit_get_input_p(device, 1);
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_sensor_gf_p(int a1, int a2, size_t player) {
+
+    // return if it's actually drum mania
+    if (is_drum())
+        return 0;
+
+    // get buttons and analogs
+    auto &buttons = games::gitadora::get_buttons();
+    auto &analogs = games::gitadora::get_analogs();
+
+    // X
+    if (a2 == 0) {
+
+        // analog override
+        if (analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 3 + 0]).isSet()) {
+            return lroundf(Analogs::getState(
+                    RI_MGR, analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 0])) * 8160.f) - 4080;
+        }
+
+        // default
+        return a1 == 1 ? 4080 : -4080;
+    }
+
+    // Y
+    if (a2 == 1) {
+
+        // analog override
+        if (analogs.at(player * 3 + 1).isSet()) {
+            return lroundf(Analogs::getState(
+                    RI_MGR, analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 1])) * 8160.f) - 4080;
+        }
+
+        // variables
+        long ret = 0;
+        size_t offset = (size_t) player * 11;
+
+        // wail up
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[12 + offset]))) {
+            ret -= 4080;
+        }
+
+        // wail down
+        if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons.at(gitadora_button_mapping[13 + offset]))) {
+            ret += 4080;
+        }
+
+        // return value
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // Z
+    if (a2 == 2) {
+
+        // analog override
+        if (analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 3 + 2]).isSet()) {
+            return lroundf(Analogs::getState(
+                    RI_MGR, analogs.at(gitadora_analog_mapping[player * 4 + 2])) * 8160.f) - 4080;
+        }
+
+        // default
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // unknown sensor
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_sensor_gf(int a1, int a2) {
+    return gfdm_unit_get_sensor_gf_p(a1, a2, 0);
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_sensor_gf(int a1, int a2) {
+    return gfdm_unit_get_sensor_gf_p(a1, a2, 1);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_status(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_status(int a1) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit_get_stream_errorcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_stream_errorcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static const char *__cdecl gfdm_unit_get_version() {
+    static const char* ver = "DUMMY\x04\x02\x00";
+    return ver;
+}
+
+static const char *__cdecl gfdm_unit2_get_version() {
+    static const char* ver = "DUMMY\x04\x02\x00";
+    return ver;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit_reset() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gfdm_unit2_reset() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit_reset_stream_errorcount(int a1) {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit2_reset_stream_errorcount(int a1) {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit_send_motor_value(size_t motor, uint8_t value) {
+    if (motor == 0) {
+        auto &lights = games::gitadora::get_lights();
+        auto &light = lights.at(games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarP1Motor);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, value / 127.f);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl gfdm_unit2_send_motor_value(size_t motor, uint8_t value) {
+    if (motor == 0) {
+        auto &lights = games::gitadora::get_lights();
+        auto &light = lights.at(games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarP2Motor);
+        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, value / 127.f);
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit_set_dm_attack_border_value(int32_t *a1) {
+    memcpy(GFDM_DM_ATTACK_BORDER_VALUE, a1, 7 * sizeof(int32_t));
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit2_set_dm_attack_border_value(int32_t *a1) {
+    memcpy(GFDM_DM_ATTACK_BORDER_VALUE, a1, 7 * sizeof(int32_t));
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit_shutdown() {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit2_shutdown() {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit_update() {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gfdm_unit2_update() {
+}
+
+static const char* __cdecl led_get_version() {
+    static const char* ver = "DUMMY\x04\x02\x00";
+    return ver;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl led_unit_boot(int a1, int a2) {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl led_unit_boot_initialize() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl led_unit_get_errorcount(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl led_unit_get_status() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl led_unit_reset() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::gitadora_lights_t light, bool led_on) {
+    auto &lights = games::gitadora::get_lights();
+    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(light), (led_on ? 1.f : 0.f));
+}
+
+static void set_led_value(games::gitadora::Lights::gitadora_lights_t light, uint8_t value) {
+    auto &lights = games::gitadora::get_lights();
+    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(light), value / 128.f);
+}
+
+static unsigned int __cdecl led_unit_send_custom1(int index, uint8_t *data) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+struct ExtDevLight {
+    int data_index;
+    games::gitadora::Lights::gitadora_lights_t light;
+    ExtDevLight(
+        int data_index, games::gitadora::Lights::gitadora_lights_t light) :
+        data_index(data_index), light(light) {}
+};
+
+// GITADORA series
+static unsigned int __cdecl led_unit_send_custom2(int index, uint8_t *data) {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    return gitadora_led_common(index, data);
+#else
+    return 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+// XG series
+static long __cdecl led_unit_send_direct(long index, uint8_t *data) {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    return 0;
+#else
+    return gitadora_led_common(index, data);
+#endif
+}
+
+static long __cdecl gitadora_led_common(long index, uint8_t *data) {
+    // log_info("extdev::led", "gitadora_led_common {}", index);
+    // for (size_t i = 0; i < 24; i += 3) {
+    //     log_info("extdev::led", "gitadora_led_common ... {} {} {}", data[i], data[i+1], data[i+2]);
+    // }
+
+    if (is_drum()) {
+        // Drum: index is always 0, data array has 24 elements, each value ranging [0, 128]
+        static ExtDevLight mapping_dm[] = {
+            {0, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumWooferR},
+            {1, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumWooferG},
+            {2, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumWooferB},
+
+            {3, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumSpotRearLeft},
+            {7, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumSpotRearRight},
+            {11, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotFrontLeft},
+
+            {12, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumStageR},
+            {13, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumStageG},
+            {14, games::gitadora::Lights::DrumStageB},
+
+            {15, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotCenterLeft},
+            {19, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotCenterRight},
+            {23, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotFrontRight}
+        };
+        if (index == 0) {
+            for (const auto &map : mapping_dm) {
+                set_led_value(map.light, data[map.data_index]);
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        // Guitar: index is {0,1,2}, data array has 24 elements, each value ranging [0, 128]
+        static ExtDevLight mapping0[] = {
+            {0, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLowerLeftR},
+            {1, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLowerLeftG},
+            {2, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLowerLeftB},
+
+            {3, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotFrontLeft},
+            {7, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotCenterLeft},
+
+            {8, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLowerRightR},
+            {9, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLowerRightG},
+            {10, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLowerRightB},
+
+            {11, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotCenterRight},
+            {15, games::gitadora::Lights::SpotFrontRight}
+        };
+
+        static ExtDevLight mapping1[] = {
+            {0, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerUpperR},
+            {1, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerUpperG},
+            {2, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerUpperB},
+
+            {4, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpLeftR},
+            {5, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpLeftG},
+            {6, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpLeftB},
+
+            {8, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpRightR},
+            {9, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpRightG},
+            {10, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidUpRightB},
+
+            {12, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowLeftR},
+            {13, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowLeftG},
+            {14, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowLeftB},
+
+            {16, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowRightR},
+            {17, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowRightG},
+            {18, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerMidLowRightB},
+
+            {20, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerLowerR},
+            {21, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerLowerG},
+            {22, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarLeftSpeakerLowerB}
+        };
+
+        static ExtDevLight mapping2[] = {
+            {0, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerUpperR},
+            {1, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerUpperG},
+            {2, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerUpperB},
+
+            {4, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpLeftR},
+            {5, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpLeftG},
+            {6, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpLeftB},
+
+            {8, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpRightR},
+            {9, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpRightG},
+            {10, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidUpRightB},
+
+            {12, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowLeftR},
+            {13, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowLeftG},
+            {14, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowLeftB},
+
+            {16, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowRightR},
+            {17, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowRightG},
+            {18, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerMidLowRightB},
+
+            {20, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerLowerR},
+            {21, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerLowerG},
+            {22, games::gitadora::Lights::GuitarRightSpeakerLowerB}
+        };
+
+        switch (index) {
+            case 0:
+                for (const auto &map : mapping0) {
+                    set_led_value(map.light, data[map.data_index]);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 1:
+                for (const auto &map : mapping1) {
+                    set_led_value(map.light, data[map.data_index]);
+                }
+                break;
+            case 2:
+                for (const auto &map : mapping2) {
+                    set_led_value(map.light, data[map.data_index]);
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl led_unit_shutdown() {
+}
+
+static void __cdecl led_unit_update() {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_boot() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_clear_error(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_close(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_flush() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_flush_complete() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_get_error(int a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_gets(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_print_error(int a1, void *a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_puts(int a1, int a2, int a3) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_set_linebreak(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sci_setparam(int a1, int a2, int a3, char a4) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl dm_output_set_padled(LED_INDEX index, bool led_on) {
+    games::gitadora::Lights::gitadora_lights_t lights[] = {
+        games::gitadora::Lights::DrumHighTom,
+        games::gitadora::Lights::DrumLowTom,
+        games::gitadora::Lights::DrumSnare,
+        games::gitadora::Lights::DrumFloorTom,
+        games::gitadora::Lights::DrumLeftCymbal,
+        games::gitadora::Lights::DrumRightCymbal,
+        games::gitadora::Lights::DrumHiHat
+    };
+
+    // log_info("gitadora", "dm_output_set_padled {} {}", index, led_on);
+
+    if (index < std::size(lights)) {
+        set_led_state(lights[index], led_on);
+    }
+}
+
+static void __cdecl dm_output_set_startled(bool led_on) {
+    set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuStart, led_on);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl dm_output_set_up_down(bool led_on) {
+    set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuUpDown, led_on);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl dm_output_set_left_right(bool led_on) {
+    set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuLeftRight, led_on);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl dm_output_set_help(bool led_on) {
+    set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuHelp, led_on);
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gf_output_set_startlamp(LED_INDEX index, bool led_on) {
+    if (index == 0) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuStart, led_on);
+    } else if (index == 1) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuStart, led_on);
+    }
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gf_output_set_up_down(LED_INDEX index, bool led_on) {
+    if (index == 0) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuUpDown, led_on);
+    } else if (index == 1) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuUpDown, led_on);
+    }
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gf_output_set_left_right(LED_INDEX index, bool led_on) {
+    if (index == 0) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuLeftRight, led_on);
+    } else if (index == 1) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuLeftRight, led_on);
+    }
+}
+
+static void __cdecl gf_output_set_help(LED_INDEX index, bool led_on) {
+    if (index == 0) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuHelp, led_on);
+    } else if (index == 1) {
+        set_led_state(games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuHelp, led_on);
+    }
+}
+
+void extdev_attach() {
+
+    // get instance
+    for (auto &name : EXTDEV_INSTANCE_NAMES) {
+        auto instance = libutils::try_module(name);
+        if (instance) {
+            EXTDEV_INSTANCE = instance;
+        } else {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // card unit
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_boot2, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_boot2", "?cardunit_boot2@@YAXHHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_boot, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_boot", "?cardunit_boot@@YAXHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_boot_initialize, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_boot_initialize", "?cardunit_boot_initialize@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_boot_no_slot_type, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_boot_no_slot_type", "?cardunit_boot_no_slot_type@@YAXHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_eject, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_eject", "?cardunit_card_eject@@YAXH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_eject_complete, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_eject_complete", "?cardunit_card_eject_complete@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_eject_wait, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_eject_wait", "?cardunit_card_eject_wait@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_read2, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_read2",
+                                  "?cardunit_card_read2@@YAHHQAEPAH@Z",
+                                  "?cardunit_card_read2@@YAHHQEAEPEAH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_read, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_read", "?cardunit_card_read@@YAHHQAE@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_ready, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_ready", "?cardunit_card_ready@@YAXH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_sensor, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_sensor", "?cardunit_card_sensor@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_card_sensor_raw, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_sensor_raw", "?cardunit_card_sensor_raw@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_update, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_update", "?cardunit_update@@YAXXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_get_status, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_get_status", "?cardunit_get_status@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_decode, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_decode",
+                                  "?cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_decode@@YAHPEADHPEBD1@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_encode, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_encode",
+                                  "?cardunit_cardnumber_obfuscate_encode@@YAHPEADHPEBD1@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_get_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_get_errorcount", "?cardunit_get_errorcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_get_recvcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_get_recvcount", "?cardunit_get_recvcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_get_sendcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_get_sendcount", "?cardunit_get_sendcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_get_version, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_get_version",
+                                  "?cardunit_get_version@@YAPBUcardunit_firm_version@@H@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_check_version, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_check_version", "?cardunit_check_version@@YAEH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_key_get, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_key_get", "?cardunit_key_get@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_key_str, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_key_str", "?cardunit_key_str@@YAPBDH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_reset, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_reset", "?cardunit_reset@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_shutdown, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_shutdown", "?cardunit_shutdown@@YAXXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) cardunit_sleep, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_sleep", "?cardunit_sleep@@YAXH@Z"}));
+
+        // GFDM UNIT
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_boot, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_boot",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_boot@@YAXW4UNIT_TYPE@@HH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_boot_initialize, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_boot_initialize",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_boot_initialize@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_button, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_button",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_button@@YA?AUunit_button_t@@H@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_button_dm, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_button_dm",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_button_dm@@YAHW4DM_BUTTON_DEFINITION@@@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_button_gf, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_button_gf",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_button_gf@@YAHW4UNIT_NO@@W4GF_BUTTON_DEFINITION@@@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_dm_attack_border_value, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_dm_attack_border_value",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_dm_attack_border_value@@YAHHPEAH@Z",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_dm_attack_border_value@@YAHHPAH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_errorcount",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_errorcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_input, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_input",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_input@@YAIH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_sensor_gf, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_sensor_gf",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_sensor_gf@@YAHW4UNIT_NO@@W4GF_SENSOR_DEFINITION@@@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_status, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_status",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_status@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_stream_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_stream_errorcount",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_stream_errorcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_get_version, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_get_version",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_version@@YAPEBUfirm_version@@H@Z",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_get_version@@YAPBUfirm_version@@H@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_reset, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_reset",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_reset@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_reset_stream_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_reset_stream_errorcount",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_reset_stream_errorcount@@YAXH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_send_motor_value, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_send_motor_value",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_send_motor_value@@YAIHE@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_set_dm_attack_border_value, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_set_dm_attack_border_value",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_set_dm_attack_border_value@@YAXQEAH@Z",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_set_dm_attack_border_value@@YAXQAH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_shutdown, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_shutdown",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_shutdown@@YAXXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit_update, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit_update",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit_update@@YAXXZ"}));
+
+        // GFDM UNIT 2
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_boot, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_boot",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_boot@@YAXW4UNIT_TYPE@@HH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_boot_initialize, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_boot_initialize",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_boot_initialize@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_button, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_button",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_button@@YA?AUunit_button_t@@H@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_button_dm, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_button_dm",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_button_dm@@YAHW4DM_BUTTON_DEFINITION@@@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_button_gf, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_button_gf",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_button_gf@@YAHW4UNIT_NO@@W4GF_BUTTON_DEFINITION@@@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_dm_attack_border_value, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_dm_attack_border_value",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_dm_attack_border_value@@YAHHPEAH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_errorcount",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_errorcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_input, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_input",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_input@@YAIH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_sensor_gf, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_sensor_gf",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_sensor_gf@@YAHW4UNIT_NO@@W4GF_SENSOR_DEFINITION@@@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_status, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_status",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_status@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_stream_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_stream_errorcount",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_stream_errorcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_get_version, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_get_version",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_version@@YAPEBUfirm_version@@H@Z",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_get_version@@YAPBUfirm_version@@H@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_reset, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_reset",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_reset@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_reset_stream_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_reset_stream_errorcount",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_reset_stream_errorcount@@YAXH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_send_motor_value, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_send_motor_value",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_send_motor_value@@YAIHE@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_set_dm_attack_border_value, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_set_dm_attack_border_value",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_set_dm_attack_border_value@@YAXQEAH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_shutdown, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_shutdown",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_shutdown@@YAXXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gfdm_unit2_update, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"gfdm_unit2_update",
+                                  "?gfdm_unit2_update@@YAXXZ"}));
+
+        // led unit
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_get_version, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_get_version",
+                                  "?led_get_version@@YAPEBUfirm_version@@H@Z",
+                                  "?led_get_version@@YAPBUfirm_version@@H@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_boot, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_boot",
+                                  "?led_unit_boot@@YAXHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_boot_initialize, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_boot_initialize",
+                                  "?led_unit_boot_initialize@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_get_errorcount, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_get_errorcount",
+                                  "?led_unit_get_errorcount@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_get_status, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_get_status",
+                                  "?led_unit_get_status@@YAHH@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_reset, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_reset",
+                                  "?led_unit_reset@@YAHXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_send_custom1, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_send_custom1",
+                                  "?led_unit_send_custom1@@YAIHQEAE@Z",
+                                  "?led_unit_send_custom1@@YAIHQAE@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_send_custom2, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_send_custom2",
+                                  "?led_unit_send_custom2@@YAIHQEAE@Z",
+                                  "?led_unit_send_custom2@@YAIHQAE@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_send_direct, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_send_direct",
+                                  "?led_unit_send_direct@@YAIHQEAE@Z",
+                                  "?led_unit_send_direct@@YAIHQAE@Z"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_shutdown, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_shutdown",
+                                  "?led_unit_shutdown@@YAXXZ"}));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) led_unit_update, libutils::try_proc_list(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, {"led_unit_update",
+                                  "?led_unit_update@@YAXXZ"}));
+
+        // SCI
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_boot, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_boot"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_clear_error, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_clear_error"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_close, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_close"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_flush, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_flush"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_flush_complete, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_flush_complete"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_get_error, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_get_error"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_gets, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_gets"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_print_error, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_print_error"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_puts, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_puts"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_set_linebreak, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_set_linebreak"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) sci_setparam, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "sci_setparam"));
+
+        // libshare-pj.dll - dm_output
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) dm_output_set_padled, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "dm_output_set_padled"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) dm_output_set_startled, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "dm_output_set_startled"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) dm_output_set_up_down, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "dm_output_set_up_down"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) dm_output_set_left_right, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "dm_output_set_left_right"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) dm_output_set_help, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "dm_output_set_help"));
+
+        // libshare-pj.dll - gf_output
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gf_output_set_startlamp, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "gf_output_set_startlamp"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gf_output_set_up_down, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "gf_output_set_up_down"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gf_output_set_left_right, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "gf_output_set_left_right"));
+        detour::inline_hook((void *) gf_output_set_help, libutils::try_proc(
+                EXTDEV_INSTANCE, "gf_output_set_help"));
+    }
+}
+
+void extdev_detach() {
+    // TODO
+}
diff --git a/misc/extdev.h b/misc/extdev.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a966991
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/extdev.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void extdev_attach();
+void extdev_detach();
diff --git a/misc/sciunit.cpp b/misc/sciunit.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..94b6fc5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/sciunit.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+#include "sciunit.h"
+
+#include "acio/icca/icca.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "eamuse.h"
+#include "games/jb/jb.h"
+#include "games/jb/io.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+// function definitions
+typedef int (__cdecl *cardunit_card_cardnumber_t)(const uint8_t *const, int, char *, int);
+
+static cardunit_card_cardnumber_t cardunit_card_cardnumber = nullptr;
+
+// state
+static HINSTANCE SCIUNIT_INSTANCE;
+static std::string SCIUNIT_INSTANCE_NAME = "sciunit.dll";
+static bool SCIUNIT_INITIALIZED = false;
+static bool CARD_IN = false;
+static bool CARD_PRESSED = false;
+static uint8_t CARD_UID[8];
+static int CARD_TYPE = 1;
+
+static char CARD_DISPLAY_ID[17];
+static bool CARD_WAS_CONVERTED = false;
+
+static inline void update_card() {
+    if (eamuse_card_insert_consume(1, 0)) {
+        if (!CARD_PRESSED) {
+            CARD_PRESSED = true;
+
+            // get and check if valid card
+            if (!eamuse_get_card(1, 0, CARD_UID)) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            CARD_IN = true;
+            CARD_WAS_CONVERTED = false;
+
+            CARD_TYPE = is_card_uid_felica(CARD_UID) ? 2 : 1;
+
+            // convert the card UID into the Konami ID if the conversion method was found
+            if (cardunit_card_cardnumber != nullptr) {
+                auto ret = cardunit_card_cardnumber(CARD_UID, CARD_TYPE, CARD_DISPLAY_ID, sizeof(CARD_DISPLAY_ID));
+
+                CARD_DISPLAY_ID[16] = '\0';
+                CARD_WAS_CONVERTED = ret == 0;
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        CARD_PRESSED = false;
+    }
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_check_removed(int /* a1 */) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_eject_init(int /* a1 */) {
+    CARD_IN = false;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_get_cardnumber(int a1, uint8_t *out) {
+    if (CARD_WAS_CONVERTED) {
+
+        // copy the display id to the output buffer
+        memcpy(out, CARD_DISPLAY_ID, 16);
+    } else {
+
+        // fallback to displaying the card UID if the conversion method was not
+        // found or the conversion to the Konami ID failed
+        std::string konami_id = bin2hex(CARD_UID, sizeof(CARD_UID));
+        memcpy(out, konami_id.c_str(), 16);
+    }
+
+    // ensure the output is null-terminated
+    out[16] = '\0';
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_get_cardtype(int /* a1 */) {
+    return CARD_TYPE;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_get_stat(int /* a1 */) {
+    return CARD_IN ? 2 : 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_get_uid(int /* a1 */, uint8_t *uid) {
+    memcpy(uid, CARD_UID, 8);
+
+    return CARD_IN ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_is_detected(int /* a1 */) {
+    return static_cast<int>(CARD_IN);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_is_ejected(int /* a1 */) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_is_inserted(int /* a1 */) {
+    update_card();
+
+    return static_cast<int>(CARD_IN);
+}
+
+static bool __cdecl mng_card_is_invalid_unit(int /* a1 */) {
+    return false;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_is_read_done(int /* a1 */) {
+    update_card();
+    return static_cast<int>(CARD_IN);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_is_ready(int /* a1 */) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_is_removed(int /* a1 */) {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_is_valid_card(int /* a1 */) {
+    return static_cast<int>(CARD_IN);
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_read_init(int /* a1 */) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl mng_card_sensor_raw(int /* a1 */) {
+    update_card();
+    return CARD_IN ? 48 : 0;
+}
+
+static void __cdecl mng_card_sleep(int a1) {
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_finalize() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_get_errorunit() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_get_stat() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_get_version(int a1, int a2) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_initialize() {
+    SCIUNIT_INITIALIZED = true;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_is_initialized() {
+    return SCIUNIT_INITIALIZED ? 1 : 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_is_usable() {
+    return 1;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_led_set_color(uint8_t *led_field) {
+
+    // Jubeat
+    if (avs::game::is_model({ "J44", "K44", "L44" })) {
+
+        // get lights
+        auto &lights = games::jb::get_lights();
+
+        // control mapping
+        //
+        // The list in `Lamp Check` is not in the same order as the LED array passed to this
+        // function.
+        static size_t mapping[] = {
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_FRONT_R,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_FRONT_G,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_FRONT_B,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_TOP_R,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_TOP_G,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_TOP_B,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_LEFT_R,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_LEFT_G,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_LEFT_B,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_RIGHT_R,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_RIGHT_G,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_RIGHT_B,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_TITLE_R,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_TITLE_G,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_TITLE_B,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_WOOFER_R,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_WOOFER_G,
+                games::jb::Lights::PANEL_WOOFER_B,
+        };
+
+        // write light
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(mapping); i++) {
+            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights.at(mapping[i]), led_field[i] / 255.f);
+        }
+
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_reset() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int __cdecl sciunit_update() {
+    if (SCIUNIT_INITIALIZED)
+        update_card();
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void sciunit_attach() {
+
+    // get instance
+    SCIUNIT_INSTANCE = libutils::try_module(SCIUNIT_INSTANCE_NAME);
+    if (!SCIUNIT_INSTANCE) {
+        log_info("sciunit", "skipping sciunit hooks");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_info("sciunit", "SpiceTools SCIUNIT");
+
+    // get functions
+    if (cardunit_card_cardnumber == nullptr) {
+        cardunit_card_cardnumber = libutils::try_proc_list<cardunit_card_cardnumber_t>(
+                SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, {"cardunit_card_cardnumber", "?cardunit_card_cardnumber@@YAHQBEHPADH@Z"});
+    }
+
+    // patch
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_check_removed, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_check_removed"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_eject_init, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_eject_init"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_get_cardnumber, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_get_cardnumber"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_get_cardtype, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_get_cardtype"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_get_stat, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_get_stat"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_get_uid, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_get_uid"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_detected, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_detected"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_ejected, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_ejected"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_inserted, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_inserted"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_invalid_unit, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_invalid_unit"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_read_done, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_read_done"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_ready, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_ready"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_removed, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_removed"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_is_valid_card, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_is_valid_card"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_read_init, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_read_init"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_sensor_raw, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_sensor_raw"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) mng_card_sleep, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "mng_card_sleep"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_finalize, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_finalize"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_get_errorunit, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_get_errorunit"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_get_stat, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_get_stat"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_get_version, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_get_version"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_initialize, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_initialize"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_is_initialized, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_is_initialized"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_is_usable, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_is_usable"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_led_set_color, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_led_set_color"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_reset, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_reset"));
+    detour::inline_hook((void *) sciunit_update, libutils::try_proc(
+            SCIUNIT_INSTANCE, "sciunit_update"));
+}
+
+void sciunit_detach() {
+    // TODO
+}
diff --git a/misc/sciunit.h b/misc/sciunit.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f9a1dce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/sciunit.h
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+#pragma once
+
+void sciunit_attach();
+void sciunit_detach();
diff --git a/misc/sde.cpp b/misc/sde.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..142a677
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/sde.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "sde.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include "hooks/sleephook.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+void sde_init(std::string sde_path) {
+
+    // check trailing slash
+    if (sde_path.length() > 0 && sde_path.back() == '\\') {
+        sde_path.pop_back();
+    }
+
+    // get PID
+    auto pid = GetCurrentProcessId();
+
+    // try attach
+    log_info("sde", "Attaching SDE ({}) to PID {}", sde_path, pid);
+    std::string cmd = "sde.exe -attach-pid " + to_string(pid);
+    std::thread t([sde_path, cmd]() {
+        system((sde_path + "\\" + cmd).c_str());
+    });
+    t.detach();
+
+    // wait to make sure it went through
+    Sleep(500);
+}
diff --git a/misc/sde.h b/misc/sde.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b03bc8a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/sde.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+void sde_init(std::string sde_path);
diff --git a/misc/vrutil.cpp b/misc/vrutil.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec0ac09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/vrutil.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include "vrutil.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace vrutil {
+    static bool INITIALIZED = false;
+
+    VRStatus STATUS = VRStatus::Disabled;
+    vr::IVRSystem *SYSTEM = nullptr;
+    vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t INDEX_LEFT = ~0u;
+    vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t INDEX_RIGHT = ~0u;
+
+    static std::string device_string(vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t dev,
+                                     vr::TrackedDeviceProperty prop) {
+        uint32_t len = vr::VRSystem()->GetStringTrackedDeviceProperty(
+                dev, prop, nullptr, 0, nullptr);
+        if (len == 0) return "";
+        char *buf = new char[len];
+        vr::VRSystem()->GetStringTrackedDeviceProperty(
+                dev, prop, buf, len, nullptr);
+        std::string res = buf;
+        delete[] buf;
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    void init() {
+        if (INITIALIZED) return;
+
+        // initialize OpenVR
+        vr::EVRInitError error = vr::VRInitError_None;
+        SYSTEM = vr::VR_Init(&error, vr::VRApplication_Other);
+        if (error != vr::VRInitError_None || !SYSTEM) {
+            SYSTEM = nullptr;
+            STATUS = VRStatus::Error;
+            log_warning("vrutil", "unable to initialize: {}",
+                        vr::VR_GetVRInitErrorAsEnglishDescription(error));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get information
+        auto driver = device_string(vr::k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd, vr::Prop_TrackingSystemName_String);
+        auto serial = device_string(vr::k_unTrackedDeviceIndex_Hmd, vr::Prop_SerialNumber_String);
+        log_info("vrutil", "initialized: {} - {}", driver, serial);
+
+        // success
+        INITIALIZED = true;
+        STATUS = VRStatus::Running;
+        scan(true);
+    }
+
+    void shutdown() {
+        if (STATUS == VRStatus::Running) {
+            vr::VR_Shutdown();
+        }
+        SYSTEM = nullptr;
+        STATUS = VRStatus::Disabled;
+    }
+
+    void scan(bool log) {
+        if (STATUS != VRStatus::Running) return;
+        for (vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t index = 0; index < vr::k_unMaxTrackedDeviceCount; ++index) {
+            auto dclass = SYSTEM->GetTrackedDeviceClass(index);
+            switch (dclass) {
+                case vr::TrackedDeviceClass_Controller: {
+                    auto role = SYSTEM->GetControllerRoleForTrackedDeviceIndex(index);
+                    switch (role) {
+                        case vr::TrackedControllerRole_Invalid:
+                            if (log) log_warning("vrutil", "invalid controller on index {}", index);
+                            break;
+                        case vr::TrackedControllerRole_LeftHand:
+                            if (log) log_info("vrutil", "detected left controller on index {}", index);
+                            INDEX_LEFT = index;
+                            break;
+                        case vr::TrackedControllerRole_RightHand:
+                            if (log) log_info("vrutil", "detected right controller on index {}", index);
+                            INDEX_RIGHT = index;
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case vr::TrackedDeviceClass_GenericTracker: {
+                    if (log) log_info("vrutil", "detected tracker on index {}", index);
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool get_hmd_pose(vr::TrackedDevicePose_t *pose) {
+        if (STATUS != VRStatus::Running) {
+            *pose = vr::TrackedDevicePose_t {};
+            pose->bPoseIsValid = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+        SYSTEM->GetDeviceToAbsoluteTrackingPose(
+                vr::TrackingUniverseStanding,
+                0,
+                pose, 1);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool get_con_pose(vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t index,
+                      vr::TrackedDevicePose_t *pose,
+                      vr::VRControllerState_t *state) {
+        if (STATUS != VRStatus::Running || index == ~0u) {
+            *state = vr::VRControllerState_t {};
+            *pose = vr::TrackedDevicePose_t {};
+            pose->bPoseIsValid = false;
+            return false;
+        }
+        SYSTEM->GetControllerStateWithPose(
+                vr::TrackingUniverseStanding,
+                index, state, sizeof(vr::VRControllerState_t), pose);
+        return true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/misc/vrutil.h b/misc/vrutil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a1bd3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/vrutil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#include <cmath>
+#include "external/openvr/headers/openvr.h"
+#include "external/linalg.h"
+
+namespace vrutil {
+
+    enum class VRStatus {
+        Disabled, Error, Running,
+    };
+
+    extern VRStatus STATUS;
+    extern vr::IVRSystem *SYSTEM;
+    extern vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t INDEX_LEFT;
+    extern vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t INDEX_RIGHT;
+
+    void init();
+    void shutdown();
+    void scan(bool log = false);
+
+    bool get_hmd_pose(vr::TrackedDevicePose_t *pose);
+    bool get_con_pose(vr::TrackedDeviceIndex_t index,
+                      vr::TrackedDevicePose_t *pose,
+                      vr::VRControllerState_t *state);
+
+    /*
+     * Util
+     */
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 get_translation(vr::HmdMatrix34_t &m) {
+        return linalg::aliases::float3 {
+                m.m[0][3],
+                m.m[1][3],
+                m.m[2][3],
+        };
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 get_direction_back(vr::HmdMatrix34_t &m) {
+        return linalg::normalize(linalg::aliases::float3 {
+            m.m[0][2],
+            m.m[1][2],
+            m.m[2][2],
+        });
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 get_direction_front(vr::HmdMatrix34_t &m) {
+        return -get_direction_back(m);
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 get_direction_up(vr::HmdMatrix34_t &m) {
+        return linalg::normalize(linalg::aliases::float3 {
+                m.m[0][1],
+                m.m[1][1],
+                m.m[2][1],
+        });
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 get_direction_down(vr::HmdMatrix34_t &m) {
+        return -get_direction_up(m);
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 get_direction_right(vr::HmdMatrix34_t &m) {
+        return linalg::normalize(linalg::aliases::float3 {
+                m.m[0][0],
+                m.m[1][0],
+                m.m[2][0],
+        });
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 get_direction_left(vr::HmdMatrix34_t &m) {
+        return -get_direction_right(m);
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    inline linalg::aliases::float4 get_rotation(T &m) {
+        linalg::aliases::float4 q;
+        q.w = sqrtf(fmaxf(0, 1 + m[0][0] + m[1][1] + m[2][2])) * 0.5f;
+        q.x = sqrtf(fmaxf(0, 1 + m[0][0] - m[1][1] - m[2][2])) * 0.5f;
+        q.y = sqrtf(fmaxf(0, 1 - m[0][0] + m[1][1] - m[2][2])) * 0.5f;
+        q.z = sqrtf(fmaxf(0, 1 - m[0][0] - m[1][1] + m[2][2])) * 0.5f;
+        q.x = copysignf(q.x, m[2][1] - m[1][2]);
+        q.y = copysignf(q.y, m[0][2] - m[2][0]);
+        q.z = copysignf(q.z, m[1][0] - m[0][1]);
+        return q;
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float4 get_rotation(
+            float pitch, float yaw, float roll) {
+        return linalg::aliases::float4 {
+            sinf(roll/2) * cosf(pitch/2) * cosf(yaw/2) - cosf(roll/2) * sinf(pitch/2) * sinf(yaw/2),
+            cosf(roll/2) * sinf(pitch/2) * cosf(yaw/2) + sinf(roll/2) * cosf(pitch/2) * sinf(yaw/2),
+            cosf(roll/2) * cosf(pitch/2) * sinf(yaw/2) - sinf(roll/2) * sinf(pitch/2) * cosf(yaw/2),
+            cosf(roll/2) * cosf(pitch/2) * cosf(yaw/2) + sinf(roll/2) * sinf(pitch/2) * sinf(yaw/2),
+        };
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 orthogonal(
+            linalg::aliases::float3 v) {
+        auto x = std::fabs(v.x);
+        auto y = std::fabs(v.y);
+        auto z = std::fabs(v.z);
+        linalg::aliases::float3 o;
+        if (x < y) {
+            if (x < z) o = linalg::aliases::float3(1, 0, 0);
+            else o = linalg::aliases::float3(0, 0, 1);
+        } else {
+            if (y < z) o = linalg::aliases::float3(0, 1, 0);
+            else linalg::aliases::float3(0, 0, 1);
+        }
+        return linalg::cross(v, o);
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float4 get_rotation(
+            linalg::aliases::float3 v1,
+            linalg::aliases::float3 v2) {
+        auto dot = linalg::dot(v1, v2);
+        auto scl = sqrtf(linalg::length2(v1) * linalg::length2(v2));
+        if (dot / scl == -1) {
+            auto v = linalg::normalize(orthogonal(v1));
+            return linalg::aliases::float4 {
+                v.x, v.y, v.z, 0,
+            };
+        }
+        auto cross = linalg::cross(v1, v2);
+        return linalg::normalize(linalg::aliases::float4 {
+            cross.x, cross.y, cross.z, dot + scl,
+        });
+    }
+
+    inline linalg::aliases::float3 intersect_point(
+            linalg::aliases::float3 ray_dir,
+            linalg::aliases::float3 ray_point,
+            linalg::aliases::float3 plane_normal,
+            linalg::aliases::float3 plane_point) {
+        auto delta = ray_point - plane_point;
+        auto delta_dot = linalg::dot(delta, plane_normal);
+        auto ray_dot = linalg::dot(ray_dir, plane_normal);
+        return ray_point - ray_dir * (delta_dot / ray_dot);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/misc/wintouchemu.cpp b/misc/wintouchemu.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..32037b9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/wintouchemu.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,447 @@
+// enable touch functions - set version to windows 7
+// mingw otherwise doesn't load touch stuff
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
+
+#include "wintouchemu.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/generic_sub.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+
+namespace wintouchemu {
+
+    typedef struct {
+        POINT pos;
+        bool last_button_pressed;
+        DWORD touch_event;
+    } mouse_state_t;
+
+    // settings
+    bool FORCE = false;
+    bool INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH = false;
+    bool LOG_FPS = false;
+
+    static inline bool is_emu_enabled() {
+        return FORCE || !is_touch_available() || GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR;
+    }
+
+    static decltype(GetSystemMetrics) *GetSystemMetrics_orig = nullptr;
+    static decltype(RegisterTouchWindow) *RegisterTouchWindow_orig = nullptr;
+
+    static int WINAPI GetSystemMetrics_hook(int nIndex) {
+
+        /*
+         * fake touch screen
+         * the game requires 0x01 and 0x02 flags to be set
+         * 0x40 and 0x80 are set for completeness
+         */
+        if (nIndex == 94)
+            return 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x40 | 0x80;
+
+        // call original
+        if (GetSystemMetrics_orig != nullptr) {
+            return GetSystemMetrics_orig(nIndex);
+        }
+
+        // return error
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    static BOOL WINAPI RegisterTouchWindow_hook(HWND hwnd, ULONG ulFlags) {
+
+        // don't register it if the emu is enabled
+        if (is_emu_enabled()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // call default
+        return RegisterTouchWindow_orig(hwnd, ulFlags);
+    }
+
+    // state
+    BOOL (WINAPI *GetTouchInputInfo_orig)(HANDLE, UINT, PTOUCHINPUT, int);
+    bool USE_MOUSE = false;
+    std::vector<TouchEvent> TOUCH_EVENTS;
+    std::vector<TouchPoint> TOUCH_POINTS;
+    HMODULE HOOKED_MODULE = nullptr;
+    std::string WINDOW_TITLE_START = "";
+    std::optional<std::string> WINDOW_TITLE_END = std::nullopt;
+    bool INITIALIZED = false;
+    mouse_state_t mouse_state;
+
+    void hook(const char *window_title, HMODULE module) {
+
+        // hooks
+        auto system_metrics_hook = detour::iat_try(
+                "GetSystemMetrics", GetSystemMetrics_hook, module);
+        auto register_touch_window_hook = detour::iat_try(
+                "RegisterTouchWindow", RegisterTouchWindow_hook, module);
+
+        // don't hook twice
+        if (GetSystemMetrics_orig == nullptr) {
+            GetSystemMetrics_orig = system_metrics_hook;
+        }
+        if (RegisterTouchWindow_orig == nullptr) {
+            RegisterTouchWindow_orig = register_touch_window_hook;
+        }
+
+        // set module and title
+        HOOKED_MODULE = module;
+        WINDOW_TITLE_START = window_title;
+        INITIALIZED = true;
+    }
+
+    void hook_title_ends(const char *window_title_start, const char *window_title_end, HMODULE module) {
+        hook(window_title_start, module);
+
+        WINDOW_TITLE_END = window_title_end;
+    }
+
+    static BOOL WINAPI GetTouchInputInfoHook(HANDLE hTouchInput, UINT cInputs, PTOUCHINPUT pInputs, int cbSize) {
+
+        // check if original should be called
+        if (hTouchInput != GetTouchInputInfoHook) {
+            return GetTouchInputInfo_orig(hTouchInput, cInputs, pInputs, cbSize);
+        }
+
+        // set touch inputs
+        bool result = false;
+        bool mouse_used = false;
+        for (UINT input = 0; input < cInputs; input++) {
+            auto *touch_input = &pInputs[input];
+
+            // clear touch input
+            touch_input->x = 0;
+            touch_input->y = 0;
+            touch_input->hSource = nullptr;
+            touch_input->dwID = 0;
+            touch_input->dwFlags = 0;
+            touch_input->dwMask = 0;
+            touch_input->dwTime = 0;
+            touch_input->dwExtraInfo = 0;
+            touch_input->cxContact = 0;
+            touch_input->cyContact = 0;
+
+            // get touch event
+            TouchEvent *touch_event = nullptr;
+            if (TOUCH_EVENTS.size() > input) {
+                touch_event = &TOUCH_EVENTS.at(input);
+            }
+
+            // check touch point
+            if (touch_event) {
+                // set touch point
+                result = true;
+
+                auto x = touch_event->x;
+                auto y = touch_event->y;
+                auto valid = true;
+
+                // log_misc("wintouchemu", "touch event ({}, {})", to_string(x), to_string(y));
+
+                if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+                    // touch was received on subscreen window.
+                    RECT clientRect {};
+                    GetClientRect(TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW, &clientRect);
+                    x = (float) x / clientRect.right * SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH + SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X;
+                    y = (float) y / clientRect.bottom * SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT + SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y;
+                } else if (overlay::OVERLAY) {
+                    // touch was received on global coords
+                    valid = overlay::OVERLAY->transform_touch_point(&x, &y);
+                } else {
+                    valid = false;
+                }
+
+                touch_input->x = x * 100;
+                touch_input->y = y * 100;
+                touch_input->hSource = hTouchInput;
+                touch_input->dwID = touch_event->id;
+                touch_input->dwFlags = 0;
+                switch (touch_event->type) {
+                    case TOUCH_DOWN:
+                        if (valid) {
+                            touch_input->dwFlags |= TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case TOUCH_MOVE:
+                        if (valid) {
+                            touch_input->dwFlags |= TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    case TOUCH_UP:
+                        // don't check valid so that this touch ID can be released
+                        touch_input->dwFlags |= TOUCHEVENTF_UP;
+                        break;
+                }
+                touch_input->dwMask = 0;
+                touch_input->dwTime = 0;
+                touch_input->dwExtraInfo = 0;
+                touch_input->cxContact = 0;
+                touch_input->cyContact = 0;
+
+            } else if (USE_MOUSE && !mouse_used) {
+
+                // disable further mouse inputs this call
+                mouse_used = true;
+
+                if (mouse_state.touch_event) {
+                    result = true;
+                    touch_input->x = mouse_state.pos.x;
+                    touch_input->y = mouse_state.pos.y;
+
+                    if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                        touch_input->x -= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X;
+                        touch_input->y -= SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y;
+                    }
+
+                    // log_misc("wintouchemu", "mouse state ({}, {})", to_string(touch_input->x), to_string(touch_input->y));
+
+                    auto valid = true;
+                    if (overlay::OVERLAY) {
+                        valid = overlay::OVERLAY->transform_touch_point(
+                            &touch_input->x, &touch_input->y);
+                    }
+
+                    // touch inputs require 100x precision per pixel
+                    touch_input->x *= 100;
+                    touch_input->y *= 100;
+                    touch_input->hSource = hTouchInput;
+                    touch_input->dwID = 0;
+                    touch_input->dwFlags = 0;
+                    switch (mouse_state.touch_event) {
+                        case TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN:
+                            if (valid) {
+                                touch_input->dwFlags |= TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        case TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE:
+                            if (valid) {
+                                touch_input->dwFlags |= TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        case TOUCHEVENTF_UP:
+                            // don't check valid so that this touch ID can be released
+                            touch_input->dwFlags |= TOUCHEVENTF_UP;
+                            break;
+                    }
+                    touch_input->dwMask = 0;
+                    touch_input->dwTime = 0;
+                    touch_input->dwExtraInfo = 0;
+                    touch_input->cxContact = 0;
+                    touch_input->cyContact = 0;
+
+                    // reset it since the event was consumed & propagated as touch
+                    mouse_state.touch_event = 0;
+                }
+            } else if (!GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+
+                /*
+                 * For some reason, Nostalgia won't show an active touch point unless a move event
+                 * triggers in the same frame. To work around this, we just supply a fake move
+                 * event if we didn't update the same pointer ID in the same call.
+                 */
+
+                // find touch point which has no associated input event
+                TouchPoint *touch_point = nullptr;
+                for (auto &tp : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+                    bool found = false;
+                    for (UINT i = 0; i < cInputs; i++) {
+                        if (input > 0 && pInputs[i].dwID == tp.id) {
+                            found = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (!found) {
+                        touch_point = &tp;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // check if unused touch point was found
+                if (touch_point) {
+
+                    // set touch point
+                    result = true;
+                    touch_input->x = touch_point->x * 100;
+                    touch_input->y = touch_point->y * 100;
+                    touch_input->hSource = hTouchInput;
+                    touch_input->dwID = touch_point->id;
+                    touch_input->dwFlags = 0;
+                    touch_input->dwFlags |= TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE;
+                    touch_input->dwMask = 0;
+                    touch_input->dwTime = 0;
+                    touch_input->dwExtraInfo = 0;
+                    touch_input->cxContact = 0;
+                    touch_input->cyContact = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return success
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void update() {
+
+        // check if initialized
+        if (!INITIALIZED) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // no need for hooks if touch is available
+        if (!is_emu_enabled()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get window handle
+        static HWND hWnd = nullptr;
+        if (hWnd == nullptr) {
+
+            // start with the active foreground window
+            hWnd = GetForegroundWindow();
+            auto title = get_window_title(hWnd);
+
+            // if the foreground window does not match the window title start, find a window
+            // that does
+            if (!string_begins_with(title, WINDOW_TITLE_START)) {
+                hWnd = FindWindowBeginsWith(WINDOW_TITLE_START);
+                title = get_window_title(hWnd);
+            }
+
+            // if a window title end is set, check to see if it matches
+            if (WINDOW_TITLE_END.has_value() && !string_ends_with(title.c_str(), WINDOW_TITLE_END.value().c_str())) {
+                hWnd = nullptr;
+                title = "";
+
+                for (auto &window : find_windows_beginning_with(WINDOW_TITLE_START)) {
+                    auto check_title = get_window_title(window);
+                    if (string_ends_with(check_title.c_str(), WINDOW_TITLE_END.value().c_str())) {
+                        hWnd = std::move(window);
+                        title = std::move(check_title);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check window
+            if (hWnd == nullptr) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // check if windowed
+            if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+                    // no handling is needed here
+                    // graphics::MoveWindow_hook will attach hook to windowed subscreen
+                    log_info("wintouchemu", "attach touch hook to windowed subscreen for TDJ");
+                    USE_MOUSE = false;
+                } else if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && !GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_FULLSIZE) {
+                    // overlay subscreen in IIDX
+                    // use mouse position as ImGui overlay will block the touch window  
+                    log_info("wintouchemu", "use mouse cursor API for overlay subscreen");
+                    USE_MOUSE = true;
+                } else {
+                    // create touch window - create overlay if not yet existing at this point
+                    log_info("wintouchemu", "create touch window relative to main game window");
+                    touch_create_wnd(hWnd, overlay::ENABLED && !overlay::OVERLAY);
+                    USE_MOUSE = false;
+                }
+            } else if (INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH) {
+                log_info(
+                    "wintouchemu",
+                    "using raw mouse cursor API in full screen and injecting them as WM_TOUCH events");
+                USE_MOUSE = true;
+            } else {
+                log_info("wintouchemu", "activating DirectX hooks");
+                // mouse position based input only
+                touch_attach_dx_hook();
+                USE_MOUSE = false;
+            }
+
+            // hooks
+            auto GetTouchInputInfo_orig_new = detour::iat_try(
+                    "GetTouchInputInfo", GetTouchInputInfoHook, HOOKED_MODULE);
+            if (GetTouchInputInfo_orig == nullptr) {
+                GetTouchInputInfo_orig = GetTouchInputInfo_orig_new;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // update touch events
+        if (hWnd != nullptr) {
+
+            // get touch events
+            TOUCH_EVENTS.clear();
+            touch_get_events(TOUCH_EVENTS);
+
+            // get touch points
+            TOUCH_POINTS.clear();
+            touch_get_points(TOUCH_POINTS);
+
+            // get event count
+            auto event_count = TOUCH_EVENTS.size();
+
+            // for the fake move events
+            event_count += MAX(0, (int) (TOUCH_POINTS.size() - TOUCH_EVENTS.size()));
+
+            // check if new events are available
+            if (event_count > 0) {
+
+                // send fake event to make the game update it's touch inputs
+                auto wndProc = (WNDPROC) GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC);
+                wndProc(hWnd, WM_TOUCH, MAKEWORD(event_count, 0), (LPARAM) GetTouchInputInfoHook);
+            }
+
+            // update frame logging
+            if (LOG_FPS) {
+                static int log_frames = 0;
+                static uint64_t log_time = 0;
+                log_frames++;
+                if (log_time < get_system_seconds()) {
+                    if (log_time > 0) {
+                        log_info("wintouchemu", "polling at {} touch frames per second", log_frames);
+                    }
+                    log_frames = 0;
+                    log_time = get_system_seconds();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // send separate WM_TOUCH event for mouse
+        // this must be separate from actual touch events because some games will ignore the return
+        // value from GetTouchInputInfo or fail to read dwFlags for valid events, so it's not OK to
+        // send empty events when the mouse button is not clicked/released
+        if (hWnd != nullptr && USE_MOUSE) {
+            bool button_pressed = ((GetKeyState(VK_LBUTTON) & 0x100) != 0);
+
+            // figure out what kind of touch event to simulate
+            if (button_pressed && !mouse_state.last_button_pressed) {
+                mouse_state.touch_event = TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN;
+            } else if (button_pressed && mouse_state.last_button_pressed) {
+                mouse_state.touch_event = TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE;
+            } else if (!button_pressed && mouse_state.last_button_pressed) {
+                mouse_state.touch_event = TOUCHEVENTF_UP;
+            }
+
+            mouse_state.last_button_pressed = button_pressed;
+            if (mouse_state.touch_event) {
+                GetCursorPos(&mouse_state.pos);
+                // send fake event to make the game update it's touch inputs
+                auto wndProc = (WNDPROC) GetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC);
+                wndProc(hWnd, WM_TOUCH, MAKEWORD(1, 0), (LPARAM) GetTouchInputInfoHook);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+ 
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/misc/wintouchemu.h b/misc/wintouchemu.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4afd4eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/misc/wintouchemu.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace wintouchemu {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool FORCE;
+    extern bool INJECT_MOUSE_AS_WM_TOUCH;
+    extern bool LOG_FPS;
+
+    void hook(const char *window_title, HMODULE module = nullptr);
+    void hook_title_ends(
+        const char *window_title_start,
+        const char *window_title_ends,
+        HMODULE module = nullptr);
+    void update();
+}
diff --git a/nvapi/nvapi.cpp b/nvapi/nvapi.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c516199
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nvapi/nvapi.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "external/nvapi/nvapi.h"
+#include "external/nvapi/NvApiDriverSettings.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include "nvapi.h"
+
+typedef uintptr_t *(*NvAPI_QueryInterface_t)(unsigned int);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_Initialize_t)();
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_Unload_t)();
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_GetErrorMessage_t)(NvAPI_Status, NvAPI_ShortString);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle *);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle, NvAPI_UnicodeString, NvDRSProfileHandle *);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle, NvAPI_UnicodeString, NvDRSProfileHandle *, NVDRS_APPLICATION *);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle, NVDRS_PROFILE *, NvDRSProfileHandle *);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle, NvDRSProfileHandle, NVDRS_APPLICATION *);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle, NvDRSProfileHandle, NvU32, NVDRS_SETTING *);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle, NvDRSProfileHandle, NVDRS_SETTING *);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle);
+typedef NvAPI_Status (*NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession_t)(NvDRSSessionHandle);
+
+namespace nvapi {
+
+    bool ADD_PROFILE = false;
+
+    static bool NVAPI_MODULE_LOAD_SUCCEEDED = false;
+    static HMODULE nvapi = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_QueryInterface_t NvAPI_QueryInterface = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_Initialize_t NvAPI_Initialize = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_Unload_t NvAPI_Unload = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_GetErrorMessage_t NvAPI_GetErrorMessage = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession_t NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings_t NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName_t NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName_t NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile_t NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication_t NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting_t NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting_t NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings_t NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings = nullptr;
+    static NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession_t NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession = nullptr;
+
+    char *get_error_message(NvAPI_Status status) {
+        static NvAPI_ShortString sz_desc = { 0 };
+        nvapi::NvAPI_GetErrorMessage(status, sz_desc);
+        return sz_desc;
+    }
+
+    void initialize() {
+        // do not attempt to load nvapi64.dll or nvapi.dll unless the user enabled the option.
+        // on non-NVIDIA GPUs, any of the calls into the DLL may crash, including LoadLibrary and NvAPI_QueryInterface.
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE || !ADD_PROFILE) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        log_misc("nvapi", "Loading nvapi64.dll ...");
+        nvapi = libutils::try_library("nvapi64");
+#else
+        log_misc("nvapi", "Loading nvapi.dll ...");
+        nvapi = libutils::try_library("nvapi");
+#endif
+        if (nvapi == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NVAPI DLL not available");
+            return;
+        }
+        log_misc("nvapi", "NVAPI DLL loaded.");
+
+        log_misc("nvapi", "Find address of nvapi_QueryInterface...");
+        NvAPI_QueryInterface = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_QueryInterface_t>(libutils::try_proc(nvapi, "nvapi_QueryInterface"));
+        if (!NvAPI_QueryInterface) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "nvapi_QueryInterface not found");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_misc("nvapi", "Calling NvAPI_Initialize ...");
+        // Thanks to 3Dmigoto for these consts
+        // https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bo3b/3Dmigoto/master/NVAPI/DllMain.cpp
+        NvAPI_Initialize = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_Initialize_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x0150E828));
+        if (!NvAPI_Initialize) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_Initialize not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        if (auto status = NvAPI_Initialize(); status != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_Initialize failed: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_misc("nvapi", "NvAPI_Initialize succeeded");
+
+        NvAPI_Unload = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_Unload_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0xD22BDD7E));
+        if (!NvAPI_Unload) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_Unload not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_GetErrorMessage = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_GetErrorMessage_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x6C2D048C));
+        if (!NvAPI_GetErrorMessage) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_GetErrorMessage not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x0694D52E));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x375DBD6B));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x7E4A9A0B));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0xEEE566B2));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x0CC176068));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x4347A9DE));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x73BF8338));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_GetSetting not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x577DD202));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0xFCBC7E14));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings not found");
+            return;
+        }
+        NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession = reinterpret_cast<NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession_t>(NvAPI_QueryInterface(0x0DAD9CFF8));
+        if (!NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession not found");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        NVAPI_MODULE_LOAD_SUCCEEDED = true;
+        log_misc("nvapi", "NVAPI module initialized");
+    }
+
+    NvAPI_Status create_profile_if_needed(NvDRSSessionHandle h_session, NvDRSProfileHandle *h_profile) {
+        NvAPI_UnicodeString app_name;
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        memcpy_s(app_name, sizeof(app_name), L"spice64.exe", 12 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+#else
+        memcpy_s(app_name, sizeof(app_name), L"spice.exe", 10 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+#endif
+        auto application = NVDRS_APPLICATION {};
+        application.version = NVDRS_APPLICATION_VER;
+        auto status = NvAPI_DRS_FindApplicationByName(h_session, app_name, h_profile, &application);
+        if (status == NVAPI_OK) {
+            return status;
+        }
+        if (status != NVAPI_EXECUTABLE_NOT_FOUND) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "error finding application profile: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        auto profile = NVDRS_PROFILE {};
+        profile.version = NVDRS_PROFILE_VER;
+        memcpy_s(profile.profileName, sizeof(profile.profileName), L"SpiceTools", 11 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+        if ((status = NvAPI_DRS_FindProfileByName(h_session, profile.profileName, h_profile)) == NVAPI_PROFILE_NOT_FOUND) {
+            log_info("nvapi", "creating driver profile");
+            auto gpu_support = NVDRS_GPU_SUPPORT {};
+            gpu_support.nvs = 1;
+            profile.gpuSupport = gpu_support;
+            if ((status = NvAPI_DRS_CreateProfile(h_session, &profile, h_profile)) != NVAPI_OK && status != NVAPI_PROFILE_NAME_IN_USE) {
+                log_warning("nvapi", "could not create driver profile: {}", get_error_message(status));
+                return status;
+            }
+        } else if (status != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "error finding driver profile: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        log_info("nvapi", "creating application profile");
+#ifdef SPICE64
+        memcpy_s(application.appName, sizeof(application.appName), L"spice64.exe", 12 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+        memcpy_s(application.userFriendlyName, sizeof(application.userFriendlyName), L"spice64", 8 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+#else
+        memcpy_s(application.appName, sizeof(application.appName), L"spice.exe", 10 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+        memcpy_s(application.userFriendlyName, sizeof(application.userFriendlyName), L"spice", 6 * sizeof(wchar_t));
+#endif
+        if ((status = NvAPI_DRS_CreateApplication(h_session, *h_profile, &application)) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "could not create application profile: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            return status;
+        }
+
+        return NVAPI_OK;
+    }
+
+    NvAPI_Status set_gpu_power_state(NvDRSSessionHandle h_session, NvDRSProfileHandle h_profile) {
+        auto drs_setting = NVDRS_SETTING {};
+        drs_setting.version = NVDRS_SETTING_VER;
+        drs_setting.settingId = PREFERRED_PSTATE_ID;
+        drs_setting.settingType = NVDRS_DWORD_TYPE;
+        drs_setting.u32PredefinedValue = PREFERRED_PSTATE_PREFER_MAX;
+        drs_setting.u32CurrentValue = PREFERRED_PSTATE_PREFER_MAX;
+        return NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting(h_session, h_profile, &drs_setting);
+    }
+
+    NvAPI_Status set_gsync_mode(NvDRSSessionHandle h_session, NvDRSProfileHandle h_profile) {
+        auto drs_setting = NVDRS_SETTING {};
+        drs_setting.version = NVDRS_SETTING_VER;
+        drs_setting.settingId = VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_ID;
+        drs_setting.settingType = NVDRS_DWORD_TYPE;
+        drs_setting.u32PredefinedValue = VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_FIXED_REFRESH;
+        drs_setting.u32CurrentValue = VRR_APP_OVERRIDE_FIXED_REFRESH;
+        return NvAPI_DRS_SetSetting(h_session, h_profile, &drs_setting);
+    }
+
+    void set_profile_settings() {
+        if (!NVAPI_MODULE_LOAD_SUCCEEDED) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        NvDRSSessionHandle h_session = nullptr;
+        log_info("nvapi", "creating driver settings session (DRS)...");
+        auto status = NvAPI_DRS_CreateSession(&h_session);
+        if (status != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "could not create driver settings session: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("nvapi", "loading driver settings...");
+        if ((status = NvAPI_DRS_LoadSettings(h_session)) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "could not load driver settings: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession(h_session);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        NvDRSProfileHandle h_profile = nullptr;
+        log_info("nvapi", "creating NVIDIA profile for spice(64).exe...");
+        if (create_profile_if_needed(h_session, &h_profile) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession(h_session);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("nvapi", "applying preferred PState to Maximum Performance...");
+        if ((status = set_gpu_power_state(h_session, h_profile)) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "could not set preferred PState: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession(h_session);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("nvapi", "disabling G-SYNC...");
+        if ((status = set_gsync_mode(h_session, h_profile)) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "could not set G-Sync mode: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession(h_session);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("nvapi", "saving settings for DRS session...");
+        if ((status = NvAPI_DRS_SaveSettings(h_session)) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "could not save driver settings: {}", get_error_message(status));
+            NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession(h_session);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        log_info("nvapi", "destroying DRS session...");
+        if ((status = NvAPI_DRS_DestroySession(h_session)) != NVAPI_OK) {
+            log_warning("nvapi", "failed to destroy driver session: {}", get_error_message(status));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void unload() {
+        NVAPI_MODULE_LOAD_SUCCEEDED = false;
+        if (NvAPI_Unload) {
+            log_info("nvapi", "unloading NVAPI");
+            NvAPI_Unload();
+            NvAPI_Unload = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        if (nvapi) {
+            FreeLibrary(nvapi);
+            nvapi = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/nvapi/nvapi.h b/nvapi/nvapi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8788e21
--- /dev/null
+++ b/nvapi/nvapi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace nvapi {
+
+    extern bool ADD_PROFILE;
+
+    void initialize();
+    void set_profile_settings();
+    void unload();
+}
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/extensions.cpp b/overlay/imgui/extensions.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41394b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/extensions.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include "extensions.h"
+#include <cmath>
+
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+
+
+namespace ImGui {
+
+    void HelpMarker(const char* desc) {
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("(?)");
+        if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) {
+            ImGui::BeginTooltip();
+            ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 35.0f);
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted(desc);
+            ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+            ImGui::EndTooltip();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void WarnMarker(const char* desc, const char* warn) {
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled, ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+        ImGui::TextDisabled("(!)");
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+        if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) {
+            ImGui::BeginTooltip();
+            ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetFontSize() * 35.0f);
+            if (desc) {
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted(desc);
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+            }
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+            if (warn) {
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("WARNING:");
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted(warn);
+            }
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+            ImGui::EndTooltip();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void DummyMarker() {
+        // dummy marker that is the same width as HelpMarker/WarnMarker.
+        ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(22, 0));
+    }
+
+    void Knob(float fraction, float size, float thickness, float pos_x, float pos_y) {
+
+        // get values
+        auto radius = size * 0.5f;
+        auto pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+        if (pos_x >= 0) pos.x = pos_x;
+        if (pos_y >= 0) pos.y = pos_y;
+        auto center = ImVec2(pos.x + radius, pos.y + radius);
+        auto draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+
+        // dummy for spacing knob with other content
+        if (pos_x < 0 && pos_y < 0) {
+            ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(size, size));
+        }
+
+        // draw knob
+        auto angle = (fraction + 0.25f) * (3.141592f * 2);
+        draw_list->AddCircleFilled(center, radius, ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_FrameBg), 16);
+        draw_list->AddLine(center,
+                ImVec2(center.x + cosf(angle) * radius, center.y + sinf(angle) * radius),
+                ImGui::GetColorU32(ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram),
+                thickness);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/extensions.h b/overlay/imgui/extensions.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d79d858
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/extensions.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace ImGui {
+
+    void HelpMarker(const char* desc);
+    void WarnMarker(const char* desc, const char* warn);
+    void DummyMarker();
+    void Knob(float fraction, float size, float thickness = 2.f,
+            float pos_x = -1.f, float pos_y = -1.f);
+}
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.cpp b/overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d04e04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+// dear imgui: Renderer for DirectX9
+// This needs to be used along with a Platform Binding (e.g. Win32)
+
+// Implemented features:
+//  [X] Renderer: User texture binding. Use 'LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9' as ImTextureID. Read the FAQ about ImTextureID in imgui.cpp.
+//  [X] Renderer: Support for large meshes (64k+ vertices) with 16-bits indices.
+
+// You can copy and use unmodified imgui_impl_* files in your project. See main.cpp for an example of using this.
+// If you are new to dear imgui, read examples/README.txt and read the documentation at the top of imgui.cpp.
+// https://github.com/ocornut/imgui
+
+// CHANGELOG
+// (minor and older changes stripped away, please see git history for details)
+//  2019-05-29: DirectX9: Added support for large mesh (64K+ vertices), enable ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset flag.
+//  2019-04-30: DirectX9: Added support for special ImDrawCallback_ResetRenderState callback to reset render state.
+//  2019-03-29: Misc: Fixed erroneous assert in ImGui_ImplDX9_InvalidateDeviceObjects().
+//  2019-01-16: Misc: Disabled fog before drawing UI's. Fixes issue #2288.
+//  2018-11-30: Misc: Setting up io.BackendRendererName so it can be displayed in the About Window.
+//  2018-06-08: Misc: Extracted imgui_impl_dx9.cpp/.h away from the old combined DX9+Win32 example.
+//  2018-06-08: DirectX9: Use draw_data->DisplayPos and draw_data->DisplaySize to setup projection matrix and clipping rectangle.
+//  2018-05-07: Render: Saving/restoring Transform because they don't seem to be included in the StateBlock. Setting shading mode to Gouraud.
+//  2018-02-16: Misc: Obsoleted the io.RenderDrawListsFn callback and exposed ImGui_ImplDX9_RenderDrawData() in the .h file so you can call it yourself.
+//  2018-02-06: Misc: Removed call to ImGui::Shutdown() which is not available from 1.60 WIP, user needs to call CreateContext/DestroyContext themselves.
+
+#include "impl_dx9.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+// DirectX
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+
+// allow std::min use
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+// DirectX data
+static LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9 g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
+static LPDIRECT3DVERTEXBUFFER9 g_pVB = NULL;
+static LPDIRECT3DINDEXBUFFER9 g_pIB = NULL;
+static LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9 g_FontTexture = NULL;
+static int g_VertexBufferSize = 5000, g_IndexBufferSize = 10000;
+
+#define D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX (D3DFVF_XYZ|D3DFVF_DIFFUSE|D3DFVF_TEX1)
+
+// Render function.
+// (this used to be set in io.RenderDrawListsFn and called by ImGui::Render(), but you can now call this directly from your main loop)
+void ImGui_ImplDX9_RenderDrawData(ImDrawData *draw_data) {
+
+    // Avoid rendering when minimized
+    if (draw_data->DisplaySize.x <= 0.0f || draw_data->DisplaySize.y <= 0.0f)
+        return;
+
+    // Create and grow buffers if needed
+    if (!g_pVB || g_VertexBufferSize < draw_data->TotalVtxCount) {
+        if (g_pVB) {
+            g_pVB->Release();
+            g_pVB = NULL;
+        }
+        g_VertexBufferSize = draw_data->TotalVtxCount + 5000;
+        if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateVertexBuffer(g_VertexBufferSize * sizeof(ImDrawVert),
+                                             D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC | D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY, D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX,
+                                             D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pVB, NULL) < 0)
+            return;
+    }
+    if (!g_pIB || g_IndexBufferSize < draw_data->TotalIdxCount) {
+        if (g_pIB) {
+            g_pIB->Release();
+            g_pIB = NULL;
+        }
+        g_IndexBufferSize = draw_data->TotalIdxCount + 10000;
+        if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateIndexBuffer(g_IndexBufferSize * sizeof(ImDrawIdx),
+                                            D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC | D3DUSAGE_WRITEONLY,
+                                            sizeof(ImDrawIdx) == 2 ? D3DFMT_INDEX16 : D3DFMT_INDEX32,
+                                            D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_pIB, NULL) < 0)
+            return;
+    }
+
+    // Backup the DX9 state
+    IDirect3DStateBlock9 *d3d9_state_block = NULL;
+    if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateStateBlock(D3DSBT_ALL, &d3d9_state_block) < 0)
+        return;
+
+    // Backup the DX9 transform (DX9 documentation suggests that it is included in the StateBlock but it doesn't appear to)
+    D3DMATRIX last_world, last_view, last_projection;
+    g_pd3dDevice->GetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &last_world);
+    g_pd3dDevice->GetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &last_view);
+    g_pd3dDevice->GetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &last_projection);
+
+    // Copy all vertices into a single contiguous buffer
+    ImDrawVert *vtx_dst;
+    ImDrawIdx *idx_dst;
+    if (g_pVB->Lock(0, (UINT) (draw_data->TotalVtxCount * sizeof(ImDrawVert)), (void **) &vtx_dst,
+                    D3DLOCK_DISCARD) < 0)
+        return;
+    if (g_pIB->Lock(0, (UINT) (draw_data->TotalIdxCount * sizeof(ImDrawIdx)), (void **) &idx_dst,
+                    D3DLOCK_DISCARD) < 0)
+        return;
+    for (int n = 0; n < draw_data->CmdListsCount; n++) {
+        const ImDrawList *cmd_list = draw_data->CmdLists[n];
+        memcpy(vtx_dst, cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Data, cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Size * sizeof(ImDrawVert));
+        memcpy(idx_dst, cmd_list->IdxBuffer.Data, cmd_list->IdxBuffer.Size * sizeof(ImDrawIdx));
+        vtx_dst += cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Size;
+        idx_dst += cmd_list->IdxBuffer.Size;
+    }
+    g_pVB->Unlock();
+    g_pIB->Unlock();
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetStreamSource(0, g_pVB, 0, sizeof(ImDrawVert));
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetIndices(g_pIB);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetFVF(D3DFVF_CUSTOMVERTEX);
+
+    // Setup viewport
+    D3DVIEWPORT9 vp;
+    vp.X = vp.Y = 0;
+    vp.Width = (DWORD) draw_data->DisplaySize.x;
+    vp.Height = (DWORD) draw_data->DisplaySize.y;
+    vp.MinZ = 0.0f;
+    vp.MaxZ = 1.0f;
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetViewport(&vp);
+
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetPixelShader(nullptr);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetVertexShader(nullptr);
+
+    D3DCAPS9 caps {};
+    if (FAILED(g_pd3dDevice->GetDeviceCaps(&caps))) {
+        caps.NumSimultaneousRTs = 0UL;
+    }
+
+    IDirect3DSurface9 *back_buffer = nullptr;
+    IDirect3DSurface9 *depth_stencil = nullptr;
+    IDirect3DSurface9 *render_targets[8];
+
+    // save all previous render target state
+    for (size_t target = 0; target < std::min(8UL, caps.NumSimultaneousRTs); target++) {
+        if (FAILED(g_pd3dDevice->GetRenderTarget(target, &render_targets[target]))) {
+            render_targets[target] = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // get the previous depth stencil
+    if (FAILED(g_pd3dDevice->GetDepthStencilSurface(&depth_stencil))) {
+        depth_stencil = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // set the back buffer as the current render target
+    if (SUCCEEDED(g_pd3dDevice->GetBackBuffer(0, 0, D3DBACKBUFFER_TYPE_MONO, &back_buffer))) {
+        g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderTarget(0, back_buffer);
+        g_pd3dDevice->SetDepthStencilSurface(nullptr);
+
+        for (size_t target = 1; target < std::min(8UL, caps.NumSimultaneousRTs); target++) {
+            g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderTarget(target, nullptr);
+        }
+    } else {
+        back_buffer = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // Setup render state: fixed-pipeline, alpha-blending, no face culling, no depth testing, shade mode (for gradient)
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_CULLMODE, D3DCULL_NONE);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_LIGHTING, false);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ZENABLE, false);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHABLENDENABLE, true);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_ALPHATESTENABLE, false);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_BLENDOP, D3DBLENDOP_ADD);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SRCBLEND, D3DBLEND_SRCALPHA);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_DESTBLEND, D3DBLEND_INVSRCALPHA);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SCISSORTESTENABLE, true);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_SHADEMODE, D3DSHADE_GOURAUD);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderState(D3DRS_FOGENABLE, false);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLOROP, D3DTOP_MODULATE);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_COLORARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAOP, D3DTOP_MODULATE);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAARG1, D3DTA_TEXTURE);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTextureStageState(0, D3DTSS_ALPHAARG2, D3DTA_DIFFUSE);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MINFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetSamplerState(0, D3DSAMP_MAGFILTER, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
+
+    // Setup orthographic projection matrix
+    // Our visible imgui space lies from draw_data->DisplayPos (top left) to draw_data->DisplayPos+data_data->DisplaySize (bottom right). DisplayPos is (0,0) for single viewport apps.
+    // Being agnostic of whether <d3dx9.h> or <DirectXMath.h> can be used, we aren't relying on D3DXMatrixIdentity()/D3DXMatrixOrthoOffCenterLH() or DirectX::XMMatrixIdentity()/DirectX::XMMatrixOrthographicOffCenterLH()
+    {
+        float L = draw_data->DisplayPos.x + 0.5f;
+        float R = draw_data->DisplayPos.x + draw_data->DisplaySize.x + 0.5f;
+        float T = draw_data->DisplayPos.y + 0.5f;
+        float B = draw_data->DisplayPos.y + draw_data->DisplaySize.y + 0.5f;
+        D3DMATRIX mat_identity = {{{1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}}};
+        D3DMATRIX mat_projection =
+                {{{
+                          2.0f / (R - L), 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f,
+                          0.0f, 2.0f / (T - B), 0.0f, 0.0f,
+                          0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f,
+                          (L + R) / (L - R), (T + B) / (B - T), 0.5f, 1.0f
+                  }}};
+        g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &mat_identity);
+        g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &mat_identity);
+        g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &mat_projection);
+    }
+
+    // Render command lists
+    // (Because we merged all buffers into a single one, we maintain our own offset into them)
+    int global_vtx_offset = 0;
+    int global_idx_offset = 0;
+    ImVec2 clip_off = draw_data->DisplayPos;
+    for (int n = 0; n < draw_data->CmdListsCount; n++) {
+        const ImDrawList *cmd_list = draw_data->CmdLists[n];
+        for (int cmd_i = 0; cmd_i < cmd_list->CmdBuffer.Size; cmd_i++) {
+            const ImDrawCmd *pcmd = &cmd_list->CmdBuffer[cmd_i];
+            if (pcmd->UserCallback != NULL) {
+                pcmd->UserCallback(cmd_list, pcmd);
+            } else {
+                const RECT r = {(LONG) (pcmd->ClipRect.x - clip_off.x), (LONG) (pcmd->ClipRect.y - clip_off.y),
+                                (LONG) (pcmd->ClipRect.z - clip_off.x), (LONG) (pcmd->ClipRect.w - clip_off.y)};
+                auto texture = reinterpret_cast<IDirect3DBaseTexture9 *>(pcmd->TextureId);
+                g_pd3dDevice->SetTexture(0, texture);
+                g_pd3dDevice->SetScissorRect(&r);
+                g_pd3dDevice->DrawIndexedPrimitive(D3DPT_TRIANGLELIST,
+                                                   pcmd->VtxOffset + global_vtx_offset, 0,
+                                                   (UINT) cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Size,
+                                                   pcmd->IdxOffset + global_idx_offset, pcmd->ElemCount / 3);
+            }
+        }
+        global_idx_offset += cmd_list->IdxBuffer.Size;
+        global_vtx_offset += cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Size;
+    }
+
+    if (back_buffer) {
+        back_buffer->Release();
+        back_buffer = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // restore previous depth stencil
+    if (depth_stencil) {
+        g_pd3dDevice->SetDepthStencilSurface(depth_stencil);
+        depth_stencil->Release();
+        depth_stencil = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // restore all render target state
+    for (size_t target = 0; target < std::min(8UL, caps.NumSimultaneousRTs); target++) {
+        auto render_target = render_targets[target];
+
+        if (render_target) {
+            g_pd3dDevice->SetRenderTarget(target, render_target);
+            render_target->Release();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // restore the DX9 transform
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_WORLD, &last_world);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_VIEW, &last_view);
+    g_pd3dDevice->SetTransform(D3DTS_PROJECTION, &last_projection);
+
+    // restore the DX9 state
+    d3d9_state_block->Apply();
+    d3d9_state_block->Release();
+}
+
+bool ImGui_ImplDX9_Init(IDirect3DDevice9 *device) {
+
+    // Setup back-end capabilities flags
+    auto &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    io.BackendRendererName = "imgui_impl_dx9";
+
+    // We can honor the ImDrawCmd::VtxOffset field, allowing for large meshes.
+    io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_RendererHasVtxOffset;
+
+    g_pd3dDevice = device;
+    g_pd3dDevice->AddRef();
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImGui_ImplDX9_Shutdown() {
+    ImGui_ImplDX9_InvalidateDeviceObjects();
+
+    if (g_pd3dDevice) {
+        g_pd3dDevice->Release();
+        g_pd3dDevice = NULL;
+    }
+}
+
+static bool ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateFontsTexture() {
+    // Build texture atlas
+    ImGuiIO &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    unsigned char *pixels;
+    int width, height, bytes_per_pixel;
+    io.Fonts->GetTexDataAsRGBA32(&pixels, &width, &height, &bytes_per_pixel);
+
+    // Upload texture to graphics system
+    g_FontTexture = NULL;
+    if (g_pd3dDevice->CreateTexture(width, height, 1, D3DUSAGE_DYNAMIC, D3DFMT_A8R8G8B8,
+                                    D3DPOOL_DEFAULT, &g_FontTexture, NULL) < 0)
+        return false;
+    D3DLOCKED_RECT tex_locked_rect;
+    if (g_FontTexture->LockRect(0, &tex_locked_rect, NULL, 0) != D3D_OK)
+        return false;
+    for (int y = 0; y < height; y++)
+        memcpy((unsigned char *) tex_locked_rect.pBits + tex_locked_rect.Pitch * y,
+               pixels + (width * bytes_per_pixel) * y, (width * bytes_per_pixel));
+    g_FontTexture->UnlockRect(0);
+
+    // Store our identifier
+    io.Fonts->TexID = (ImTextureID) g_FontTexture;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateDeviceObjects() {
+    if (!g_pd3dDevice) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateFontsTexture();
+}
+
+void ImGui_ImplDX9_InvalidateDeviceObjects() {
+    if (!g_pd3dDevice)
+        return;
+    if (g_pVB) {
+        g_pVB->Release();
+        g_pVB = NULL;
+    }
+    if (g_pIB) {
+        g_pIB->Release();
+        g_pIB = NULL;
+    }
+    if (g_FontTexture) {
+        g_FontTexture->Release();
+        g_FontTexture = NULL;
+        ImGui::GetIO().Fonts->TexID = NULL;
+    } // We copied g_pFontTextureView to io.Fonts->TexID so let's clear that as well.
+}
+
+void ImGui_ImplDX9_NewFrame() {
+    if (!g_FontTexture) {
+        ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateDeviceObjects();
+    }
+
+    IDirect3DSwapChain9 *swap_chain = nullptr;
+    if (SUCCEEDED(g_pd3dDevice->GetSwapChain(0, &swap_chain))) {
+        auto &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+
+        D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS present_params {};
+
+        if (SUCCEEDED(swap_chain->GetPresentParameters(&present_params))) {
+            if (present_params.BackBufferWidth != 0 && present_params.BackBufferHeight != 0) {
+                io.DisplaySize.x = static_cast<float>(present_params.BackBufferWidth);
+                io.DisplaySize.y = static_cast<float>(present_params.BackBufferHeight);
+            } else {
+                RECT rect {};
+                GetClientRect(present_params.hDeviceWindow, &rect);
+
+                io.DisplaySize.x = static_cast<float>(rect.right - rect.left);
+                io.DisplaySize.y = static_cast<float>(rect.bottom - rect.top);
+            }
+        }
+
+        swap_chain->Release();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.h b/overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dff6431
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.h
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+// dear imgui: Renderer for DirectX9
+// This needs to be used along with a Platform Binding (e.g. Win32)
+
+// Implemented features:
+//  [X] Renderer: User texture binding. Use 'LPDIRECT3DTEXTURE9' as ImTextureID. Read the FAQ about ImTextureID in imgui.cpp.
+//  [X] Renderer: Support for large meshes (64k+ vertices) with 16-bits indices.
+
+// You can copy and use unmodified imgui_impl_* files in your project. See main.cpp for an example of using this.
+// If you are new to dear imgui, read examples/README.txt and read the documentation at the top of imgui.cpp.
+// https://github.com/ocornut/imgui
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+
+struct IDirect3DDevice9;
+
+IMGUI_IMPL_API bool     ImGui_ImplDX9_Init(IDirect3DDevice9 *device);
+IMGUI_IMPL_API void     ImGui_ImplDX9_Shutdown();
+IMGUI_IMPL_API void     ImGui_ImplDX9_NewFrame();
+IMGUI_IMPL_API void     ImGui_ImplDX9_RenderDrawData(ImDrawData *draw_data);
+
+// Use if you want to reset your rendering device without losing ImGui state.
+IMGUI_IMPL_API bool     ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateDeviceObjects();
+IMGUI_IMPL_API void     ImGui_ImplDX9_InvalidateDeviceObjects();
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/impl_spice.cpp b/overlay/imgui/impl_spice.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0725d23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/impl_spice.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,377 @@
+#include "impl_spice.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/superexit.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+// state
+static HWND g_hWnd = nullptr;
+static INT64 g_Time = 0;
+static INT64 g_TicksPerSecond = 0;
+static ImGuiMouseCursor g_LastMouseCursor = ImGuiMouseCursor_COUNT;
+
+bool ImGui_ImplSpice_Init(HWND hWnd) {
+    log_misc("imgui_impl_spice", "init");
+
+    // check if already initialized
+    if (g_hWnd != nullptr) {
+        if (g_hWnd == hWnd) {
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            ImGui_ImplSpice_Shutdown();
+        }
+    }
+
+    // init performance stuff
+    if (!::QueryPerformanceFrequency((LARGE_INTEGER *)&g_TicksPerSecond))
+        return false;
+    if (!::QueryPerformanceCounter((LARGE_INTEGER *)&g_Time))
+        return false;
+
+    // setup back-end capabilities flags
+    g_hWnd = hWnd;
+    ImGuiIO &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasMouseCursors;
+    io.BackendFlags |= ImGuiBackendFlags_HasSetMousePos;
+    io.BackendPlatformName = "imgui_impl_spice";
+
+    // keyboard mapping
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Tab] = VK_TAB;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_LeftArrow] = VK_LEFT;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_RightArrow] = VK_RIGHT;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_UpArrow] = VK_UP;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_DownArrow] = VK_DOWN;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_PageUp] = VK_PRIOR;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_PageDown] = VK_NEXT;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Home] = VK_HOME;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_End] = VK_END;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Insert] = VK_INSERT;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Delete] = VK_DELETE;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Backspace] = VK_BACK;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Space] = VK_SPACE;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Enter] = VK_RETURN;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Escape] = VK_ESCAPE;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_KeyPadEnter] = VK_RETURN;
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_A] = 'A';
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_C] = 'C';
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_V] = 'V';
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_X] = 'X';
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Y] = 'Y';
+    io.KeyMap[ImGuiKey_Z] = 'Z';
+
+    // get display size
+    ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateDisplaySize();
+
+    // return success
+    return true;
+}
+
+void ImGui_ImplSpice_Shutdown() {
+    log_misc("imgui_impl_spice", "shutdown");
+
+    // reset window handle
+    g_hWnd = nullptr;
+}
+
+void ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateDisplaySize() {
+
+    // get display size
+    RECT rect;
+    ::GetClientRect(g_hWnd, &rect);
+    ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize = ImVec2((float)(rect.right - rect.left), (float)(rect.bottom - rect.top));
+}
+
+bool ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateMouseCursor() {
+
+    // check if cursor should be changed
+    auto &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    if (io.ConfigFlags & ImGuiConfigFlags_NoMouseCursorChange) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // update cursor
+    ImGuiMouseCursor imgui_cursor = ImGui::GetMouseCursor();
+    if (imgui_cursor == ImGuiMouseCursor_None || io.MouseDrawCursor) {
+
+        // hide OS mouse cursor if imgui is drawing it or if it wants no cursor
+        ::SetCursor(nullptr);
+
+    } else {
+
+        // show OS mouse cursor
+        LPTSTR win32_cursor = IDC_ARROW;
+        switch (imgui_cursor) {
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_Arrow:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_ARROW;
+                break;
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_TextInput:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_IBEAM;
+                break;
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeAll:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_SIZEALL;
+                break;
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeEW:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_SIZEWE;
+                break;
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNS:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_SIZENS;
+                break;
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNESW:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_SIZENESW;
+                break;
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_ResizeNWSE:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_SIZENWSE;
+                break;
+            case ImGuiMouseCursor_Hand:
+                win32_cursor = IDC_HAND;
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+        ::SetCursor(::LoadCursor(nullptr, win32_cursor));
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static void ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateMousePos() {
+
+    // get current window size
+    RECT rect;
+    if (GetClientRect(g_hWnd, &rect)) {
+        ImVec2 window_size(
+                (float)(rect.right - rect.left),
+                (float)(rect.bottom - rect.top));
+
+        // set OS mouse position if requested
+        auto &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+        if (io.WantSetMousePos) {
+            POINT pos {
+                .x = static_cast<long>(io.MousePos.x),
+                .y = static_cast<long>(io.MousePos.y),
+            };
+            ::ClientToScreen(g_hWnd, &pos);
+            ::SetCursorPos(
+                    static_cast<int>(pos.x / io.DisplaySize.x * window_size.x),
+                    static_cast<int>(pos.y / io.DisplaySize.y * window_size.y));
+        }
+
+        // set mouse position
+        io.MousePos = ImVec2(-FLT_MAX, -FLT_MAX);
+        POINT pos;
+        if (HWND active_window = ::GetForegroundWindow()) {
+            if (active_window == g_hWnd
+            || ::IsChild(active_window, g_hWnd)
+            || ::IsChild(g_hWnd, active_window)
+            || active_window == SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND) {
+                if (::GetCursorPos(&pos) && ::ScreenToClient(g_hWnd, &pos)) {
+                    io.MousePos = ImVec2(
+                            (float) pos.x * io.DisplaySize.x / window_size.x,
+                            (float) pos.y * io.DisplaySize.y / window_size.y);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // fallback to touch hwnd
+        if (io.MousePos.x == -FLT_MAX || io.MousePos.y == -FLT_MAX) {
+            if (SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND) {
+                if (::GetCursorPos(&pos) && ::ScreenToClient(SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND, &pos)) {
+                    io.MousePos = ImVec2(
+                            (float) pos.x * io.DisplaySize.x / window_size.x,
+                            (float) pos.y * io.DisplaySize.y / window_size.y);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // alternatively check touch
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_get_points(touch_points, true);
+        static size_t delay_touch = 0;
+        static size_t delay_touch_target = 2;
+        static DWORD last_touch_id = ~0u;
+        if (!touch_points.empty()) {
+
+            // use the first touch point
+            auto &tp = touch_points[0];
+            io.MousePos.x = tp.x * io.DisplaySize.x / window_size.x;
+            io.MousePos.y = tp.y * io.DisplaySize.y / window_size.y;
+
+            // update cursor position
+            if (!tp.mouse) {
+                pos.x = static_cast<long>(io.MousePos.x);
+                pos.y = static_cast<long>(io.MousePos.y);
+                ::ClientToScreen(g_hWnd, &pos);
+                ::SetCursorPos(
+                        static_cast<long>(pos.x / io.DisplaySize.x * window_size.x),
+                        static_cast<long>(pos.y / io.DisplaySize.y * window_size.y));
+            }
+
+            // delay press
+            io.MouseDown[0] = delay_touch++ >= delay_touch_target && last_touch_id == tp.id;
+            if (last_touch_id == ~0u) {
+                last_touch_id = tp.id;
+            }
+
+        } else {
+
+            // reset
+            delay_touch = 0;
+            last_touch_id = ~0;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void ImGui_ImplSpice_NewFrame() {
+
+    // check if font is built
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    IM_ASSERT(io.Fonts->IsBuilt());
+
+    // setup time step
+    INT64 current_time;
+    ::QueryPerformanceCounter((LARGE_INTEGER *)&current_time);
+    io.DeltaTime = (float) (current_time - g_Time) / g_TicksPerSecond;
+    g_Time = current_time;
+
+    // remember old state
+    BYTE KeysDownOld[sizeof(io.KeysDown)];
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(io.KeysDown); i++) {
+        KeysDownOld[i] = io.KeysDown[i] ? ~0 : 0;
+    }
+    KeysDownOld[VK_SHIFT] |= KeysDownOld[VK_LSHIFT];
+    KeysDownOld[VK_SHIFT] |= KeysDownOld[VK_RSHIFT];
+
+    // reset keys state
+    io.MouseWheel = 0;
+    io.KeyCtrl = false;
+    io.KeyShift = false;
+    io.KeyAlt = false;
+    io.KeySuper = false;
+    memset(io.KeysDown, false, sizeof(io.KeysDown));
+    memset(io.MouseDown, false, sizeof(io.MouseDown));
+
+    // early quit if window not in focus
+    if (!superexit::has_focus()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // read keyboard modifiers inputs
+    io.KeyCtrl = (::GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL) & 0x8000) != 0;
+    io.KeyShift = (::GetKeyState(VK_SHIFT) & 0x8000) != 0;
+    io.KeyAlt = (::GetKeyState(VK_MENU) & 0x8000) != 0;
+    io.KeySuper = (::GetKeyState(VK_LWIN) & 0x8000) != 0;
+    io.KeySuper |= (::GetKeyState(VK_RWIN) & 0x8000) != 0;
+
+    // apply windows mouse buttons
+    io.MouseDown[0] |= (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LBUTTON)) != 0;
+    io.MouseDown[1] |= (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RBUTTON)) != 0;
+    io.MouseDown[2] |= (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_MBUTTON)) != 0;
+
+    // read new keys state
+    static long mouse_wheel_last = 0;
+    long mouse_wheel = 0;
+    if (RI_MGR != nullptr) {
+        auto devices = RI_MGR->devices_get();
+        for (auto &device : devices) {
+            switch (device.type) {
+                case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+                    auto &mouse = device.mouseInfo;
+
+                    // mouse button triggers
+                    if (mouse->key_states[rawinput::MOUSEBTN_LEFT]) {
+                        io.MouseDown[0] = true;
+                    }
+                    if (mouse->key_states[rawinput::MOUSEBTN_RIGHT]) {
+                        io.MouseDown[1] = true;
+                    }
+                    if (mouse->key_states[rawinput::MOUSEBTN_MIDDLE]) {
+                        io.MouseDown[2] = true;
+                    }
+
+                    // final mouse wheel value should be all devices combined
+                    mouse_wheel += mouse->pos_wheel;
+
+                    break;
+                }
+                case rawinput::KEYBOARD: {
+
+                    // iterate all virtual key codes
+                    for (size_t vKey = 0; vKey < 256; vKey++) {
+
+                        // get state (combined from all pages)
+                        auto &key_states = device.keyboardInfo->key_states;
+                        bool state = false;
+                        for (size_t page_index = 0; page_index < 1024; page_index += 256) {
+                            state |= key_states[page_index + vKey];
+                        }
+
+                        // trigger
+                        io.KeysDown[vKey] |= state;
+
+                        // generate character input, but only if WM_CHAR didn't take over the
+                        // functionality
+                        if (!overlay::USE_WM_CHAR_FOR_IMGUI_CHAR_INPUT && !KeysDownOld[vKey] && state) {
+                            UCHAR buf[2];
+                            auto ret = ToAscii(
+                                    static_cast<UINT>(vKey),
+                                    0,
+                                    static_cast<const BYTE *>(KeysDownOld),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<LPWORD>(buf),
+                                    0);
+                            if (ret > 0) {
+                                for (int i = 0; i < ret; i++) {
+                                    overlay::OVERLAY->input_char(buf[i]);
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // navigator input
+    auto buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+    if (buttons && (!overlay::OVERLAY || overlay::OVERLAY->hotkeys_triggered())) {
+        struct {
+            size_t index;
+            Button &btn;
+        } NAV_MAPPING[] = {
+                { ImGuiNavInput_Activate, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::NavigatorActivate )},
+                { ImGuiNavInput_Cancel, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::NavigatorCancel) },
+                { ImGuiNavInput_DpadUp, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::NavigatorUp) },
+                { ImGuiNavInput_DpadDown, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::NavigatorDown) },
+                { ImGuiNavInput_DpadLeft, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::NavigatorLeft) },
+                { ImGuiNavInput_DpadRight, buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::NavigatorRight) },
+        };
+        for (auto mapping : NAV_MAPPING) {
+            if (GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, mapping.btn)) {
+                io.NavInputs[mapping.index] = 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // set mouse wheel
+    auto mouse_diff = mouse_wheel - mouse_wheel_last;
+    mouse_wheel_last = mouse_wheel;
+    io.MouseWheel = mouse_diff;
+
+    // update OS mouse position
+    ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateMousePos();
+
+    // update OS mouse cursor with the cursor requested by imgui
+    ImGuiMouseCursor mouse_cursor = io.MouseDrawCursor ? ImGuiMouseCursor_None : ImGui::GetMouseCursor();
+    if (g_LastMouseCursor != mouse_cursor) {
+        g_LastMouseCursor = mouse_cursor;
+        ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateMouseCursor();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/impl_spice.h b/overlay/imgui/impl_spice.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf53845
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/impl_spice.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+
+IMGUI_IMPL_API bool ImGui_ImplSpice_Init(HWND hWnd);
+IMGUI_IMPL_API void ImGui_ImplSpice_Shutdown();
+IMGUI_IMPL_API void ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateDisplaySize();
+IMGUI_IMPL_API bool ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateMouseCursor();
+IMGUI_IMPL_API void ImGui_ImplSpice_NewFrame();
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/impl_sw.cpp b/overlay/imgui/impl_sw.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6b9baed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/impl_sw.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,731 @@
+// Original File By Emil Ernerfeldt 2018
+// https://github.com/emilk/imgui_software_renderer
+// LICENSE:
+//   This software is dual-licensed to the public domain and under the following
+//   license: you are granted a perpetual, irrevocable license to copy, modify,
+//   publish, and distribute this file as you see fit.
+#include "impl_sw.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+
+namespace imgui_sw {
+namespace {
+
+struct Texture
+{
+	const uint8_t* pixels; // 8-bit.
+	int            width;
+	int            height;
+};
+
+struct PaintTarget
+{
+	uint32_t* pixels;
+	int       width;
+	int       height;
+	ImVec2    scale; // Multiply ImGui (point) coordinates with this to get pixel coordinates.
+};
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+struct ColorInt
+{
+	uint32_t a, b, g, r;
+
+	ColorInt() = default;
+
+	explicit ColorInt(uint32_t x)
+	{
+		a = (x >> IM_COL32_A_SHIFT) & 0xFFu;
+		b = (x >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFFu;
+		g = (x >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFFu;
+		r = (x >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFFu;
+	}
+
+	uint32_t toUint32() const
+	{
+#ifdef IMGUI_USE_BGRA_PACKED_COLOR
+        return (a << 24u) | (r << 16u) | (g << 8u) | b;
+#else
+        return (a << 24u) | (b << 16u) | (g << 8u) | r;
+#endif
+	}
+};
+
+ColorInt blend(ColorInt target, ColorInt source)
+{
+	ColorInt result;
+	result.a = 0; // Whatever.
+	result.b = (source.b * source.a + target.b * (255 - source.a)) / 255;
+	result.g = (source.g * source.a + target.g * (255 - source.a)) / 255;
+	result.r = (source.r * source.a + target.r * (255 - source.a)) / 255;
+	return result;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Used for interpolating vertex attributes (color and texture coordinates) in a triangle.
+
+struct Barycentric
+{
+	float w0, w1, w2;
+};
+
+Barycentric operator*(const float f, const Barycentric& va)
+{
+	return { f * va.w0, f * va.w1, f * va.w2 };
+}
+
+void operator+=(Barycentric& a, const Barycentric& b)
+{
+	a.w0 += b.w0;
+	a.w1 += b.w1;
+	a.w2 += b.w2;
+}
+
+Barycentric operator+(const Barycentric& a, const Barycentric& b)
+{
+	return Barycentric{ a.w0 + b.w0, a.w1 + b.w1, a.w2 + b.w2 };
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Useful operators on ImGui vectors:
+
+ImVec2 operator*(const float f, const ImVec2& v)
+{
+	return ImVec2{f * v.x, f * v.y};
+}
+
+ImVec2 operator+(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b)
+{
+	return ImVec2{a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y};
+}
+
+ImVec2 operator-(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b)
+{
+	return ImVec2{a.x - b.x, a.y - b.y};
+}
+
+bool operator!=(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b)
+{
+	return a.x != b.x || a.y != b.y;
+}
+
+ImVec4 operator*(const float f, const ImVec4& v)
+{
+	return ImVec4{f * v.x, f * v.y, f * v.z, f * v.w};
+}
+
+ImVec4 operator+(const ImVec4& a, const ImVec4& b)
+{
+	return ImVec4{a.x + b.x, a.y + b.y, a.z + b.z, a.w + b.w};
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Copies of functions in ImGui, inlined for speed:
+
+ImVec4 color_convert_u32_to_float4(ImU32 in)
+{
+	const float s = 1.0f / 255.0f;
+	return ImVec4(
+		((in >> IM_COL32_R_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s,
+		((in >> IM_COL32_G_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s,
+		((in >> IM_COL32_B_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s,
+		((in >> IM_COL32_A_SHIFT) & 0xFF) * s);
+}
+
+ImU32 color_convert_float4_to_u32(const ImVec4& in)
+{
+	ImU32 out;
+    out  = uint32_t(in.x * 255.0f + 0.5f) << IM_COL32_R_SHIFT;
+    out |= uint32_t(in.y * 255.0f + 0.5f) << IM_COL32_G_SHIFT;
+    out |= uint32_t(in.z * 255.0f + 0.5f) << IM_COL32_B_SHIFT;
+    out |= uint32_t(in.w * 255.0f + 0.5f) << IM_COL32_A_SHIFT;
+	return out;
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// For fast and subpixel-perfect triangle rendering we used fixed point arithmetic.
+// To keep the code simple we use 64 bits to avoid overflows.
+
+using Int = int64_t;
+const Int kFixedBias = 256;
+
+struct Point
+{
+	Int x, y;
+};
+
+Int orient2d(const Point& a, const Point& b, const Point& c)
+{
+	return (b.x - a.x) * (c.y - a.y) - (b.y - a.y) * (c.x - a.x);
+}
+
+Int as_int(float v)
+{
+	return static_cast<Int>(std::floor(v * kFixedBias));
+}
+
+Point as_point(ImVec2 v)
+{
+	return Point{as_int(v.x), as_int(v.y)};
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+float min3(float a, float b, float c)
+{
+	if (a < b && a < c) { return a; }
+	return b < c ? b : c;
+}
+
+float max3(float a, float b, float c)
+{
+	if (a > b && a > c) { return a; }
+	return b > c ? b : c;
+}
+
+float barycentric(const ImVec2& a, const ImVec2& b, const ImVec2& point)
+{
+	return (b.x - a.x) * (point.y - a.y) - (b.y - a.y) * (point.x - a.x);
+}
+
+inline uint8_t sample_texture(const Texture& texture, const ImVec2& uv)
+{
+	int tx = static_cast<int>(uv.x * (texture.width  - 1.0f) + 0.5f);
+	int ty = static_cast<int>(uv.y * (texture.height - 1.0f) + 0.5f);
+
+	// Clamp to inside of texture:
+	tx = std::max(tx, 0);
+	tx = std::min(tx, texture.width - 1);
+	ty = std::max(ty, 0);
+	ty = std::min(ty, texture.height - 1);
+
+	return texture.pixels[ty * texture.width + tx];
+}
+
+void paint_uniform_rectangle(
+	const PaintTarget& target,
+	const ImVec2&      min_f,
+	const ImVec2&      max_f,
+	const ColorInt&    color,
+	Stats*             stats)
+{
+	// Integer bounding box [min, max):
+	int min_x_i = static_cast<int>(target.scale.x * min_f.x + 0.5f);
+	int min_y_i = static_cast<int>(target.scale.y * min_f.y + 0.5f);
+	int max_x_i = static_cast<int>(target.scale.x * max_f.x + 0.5f);
+	int max_y_i = static_cast<int>(target.scale.y * max_f.y + 0.5f);
+
+	// Clamp to render target:
+	min_x_i = std::max(min_x_i, 0);
+	min_y_i = std::max(min_y_i, 0);
+	max_x_i = std::min(max_x_i, target.width);
+	max_y_i = std::min(max_y_i, target.height);
+
+	stats->uniform_rectangle_pixels += (max_x_i - min_x_i) * (max_y_i - min_y_i);
+
+	// We often blend the same colors over and over again, so optimize for this (saves 25% total cpu):
+	uint32_t last_target_pixel = target.pixels[min_y_i * target.width + min_x_i];
+	uint32_t last_output = blend(ColorInt(last_target_pixel), color).toUint32();
+
+	for (int y = min_y_i; y < max_y_i; ++y) {
+		for (int x = min_x_i; x < max_x_i; ++x) {
+			uint32_t& target_pixel = target.pixels[y * target.width + x];
+			if (target_pixel == last_target_pixel) {
+				target_pixel = last_output;
+				continue;
+			}
+			last_target_pixel = target_pixel;
+			target_pixel = blend(ColorInt(target_pixel), color).toUint32();
+			last_output = target_pixel;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+void paint_uniform_textured_rectangle(
+	const PaintTarget& target,
+	const Texture&     texture,
+	const ImVec4&      clip_rect,
+	const ImDrawVert&  min_v,
+	const ImDrawVert&  max_v,
+	Stats*             stats)
+{
+	const ImVec2 min_p = ImVec2(target.scale.x * min_v.pos.x, target.scale.y * min_v.pos.y);
+	const ImVec2 max_p = ImVec2(target.scale.x * max_v.pos.x, target.scale.y * max_v.pos.y);
+
+	// Find bounding box:
+	float min_x_f = min_p.x;
+	float min_y_f = min_p.y;
+	float max_x_f = max_p.x;
+	float max_y_f = max_p.y;
+
+	// Clip against clip_rect:
+	min_x_f = std::max(min_x_f, target.scale.x * clip_rect.x);
+	min_y_f = std::max(min_y_f, target.scale.y * clip_rect.y);
+	max_x_f = std::min(max_x_f, target.scale.x * clip_rect.z - 0.5f);
+	max_y_f = std::min(max_y_f, target.scale.y * clip_rect.w - 0.5f);
+
+	// Integer bounding box [min, max):
+	int min_x_i = static_cast<int>(min_x_f);
+	int min_y_i = static_cast<int>(min_y_f);
+	int max_x_i = static_cast<int>(max_x_f + 1.0f);
+	int max_y_i = static_cast<int>(max_y_f + 1.0f);
+
+	// Clip against render target:
+	min_x_i = std::max(min_x_i, 0);
+	min_y_i = std::max(min_y_i, 0);
+	max_x_i = std::min(max_x_i, target.width);
+	max_y_i = std::min(max_y_i, target.height);
+
+	stats->font_pixels += (max_x_i - min_x_i) * (max_y_i - min_y_i);
+
+	const auto topleft = ImVec2(min_x_i + 0.5f * target.scale.x,
+	                            min_y_i + 0.5f * target.scale.y);
+
+	const ImVec2 delta_uv_per_pixel = {
+		(max_v.uv.x - min_v.uv.x) / (max_p.x - min_p.x),
+		(max_v.uv.y - min_v.uv.y) / (max_p.y - min_p.y),
+	};
+	const ImVec2 uv_topleft = {
+		min_v.uv.x + (topleft.x - min_v.pos.x) * delta_uv_per_pixel.x,
+		min_v.uv.y + (topleft.y - min_v.pos.y) * delta_uv_per_pixel.y,
+	};
+	ImVec2 current_uv = uv_topleft;
+
+	for (int y = min_y_i; y < max_y_i; ++y, current_uv.y += delta_uv_per_pixel.y) {
+		current_uv.x = uv_topleft.x;
+		for (int x = min_x_i; x < max_x_i; ++x, current_uv.x += delta_uv_per_pixel.x) {
+			uint32_t& target_pixel = target.pixels[y * target.width + x];
+			const uint8_t texel = sample_texture(texture, current_uv);
+
+			// The font texture is all black or all white, so optimize for this:
+			if (texel == 0) { continue; }
+
+			// Other textured rectangles
+			ColorInt source_color = ColorInt(min_v.col);
+			source_color.a = source_color.a * texel / 255;
+			target_pixel = blend(ColorInt(target_pixel), source_color).toUint32();
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// When two triangles share an edge, we want to draw the pixels on that edge exactly once.
+// The edge will be the same, but the direction will be the opposite
+// (assuming the two triangles have the same winding order).
+// Which edge wins? This functions decides.
+bool is_dominant_edge(ImVec2 edge)
+{
+	// return edge.x < 0 || (edge.x == 0 && edge.y > 0);
+	return edge.y > 0 || (edge.y == 0 && edge.x < 0);
+}
+
+// Handles triangles in any winding order (CW/CCW)
+void paint_triangle(
+	const PaintTarget& target,
+	const Texture*     texture,
+	const ImVec4&      clip_rect,
+	const ImDrawVert&  v0,
+	const ImDrawVert&  v1,
+	const ImDrawVert&  v2,
+	Stats*             stats)
+{
+	const ImVec2 p0 = ImVec2(target.scale.x * v0.pos.x, target.scale.y * v0.pos.y);
+	const ImVec2 p1 = ImVec2(target.scale.x * v1.pos.x, target.scale.y * v1.pos.y);
+	const ImVec2 p2 = ImVec2(target.scale.x * v2.pos.x, target.scale.y * v2.pos.y);
+
+	const auto rect_area = barycentric(p0, p1, p2); // Can be positive or negative depending on winding order
+	if (rect_area == 0.0f) { return; }
+	// if (rect_area < 0.0f) { return paint_triangle(target, texture, clip_rect, v0, v2, v1, stats); }
+
+	// Find bounding box:
+	float min_x_f = min3(p0.x, p1.x, p2.x);
+	float min_y_f = min3(p0.y, p1.y, p2.y);
+	float max_x_f = max3(p0.x, p1.x, p2.x);
+	float max_y_f = max3(p0.y, p1.y, p2.y);
+
+	// Clip against clip_rect:
+	min_x_f = std::max(min_x_f, target.scale.x * clip_rect.x);
+	min_y_f = std::max(min_y_f, target.scale.y * clip_rect.y);
+	max_x_f = std::min(max_x_f, target.scale.x * clip_rect.z - 0.5f);
+	max_y_f = std::min(max_y_f, target.scale.y * clip_rect.w - 0.5f);
+
+	// Integer bounding box [min, max):
+	int min_x_i = static_cast<int>(min_x_f);
+	int min_y_i = static_cast<int>(min_y_f);
+	int max_x_i = static_cast<int>(max_x_f + 1.0f);
+	int max_y_i = static_cast<int>(max_y_f + 1.0f);
+
+	// Clip against render target:
+	min_x_i = std::max(min_x_i, 0);
+	min_y_i = std::max(min_y_i, 0);
+	max_x_i = std::min(max_x_i, target.width);
+	max_y_i = std::min(max_y_i, target.height);
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// Set up interpolation of barycentric coordinates:
+
+	const auto topleft = ImVec2(min_x_i + 0.5f * target.scale.x,
+	                            min_y_i + 0.5f * target.scale.y);
+	const auto dx = ImVec2(1, 0);
+	const auto dy = ImVec2(0, 1);
+
+	const auto w0_topleft = barycentric(p1, p2, topleft);
+	const auto w1_topleft = barycentric(p2, p0, topleft);
+	const auto w2_topleft = barycentric(p0, p1, topleft);
+
+	const auto w0_dx = barycentric(p1, p2, topleft + dx) - w0_topleft;
+	const auto w1_dx = barycentric(p2, p0, topleft + dx) - w1_topleft;
+	const auto w2_dx = barycentric(p0, p1, topleft + dx) - w2_topleft;
+
+	const auto w0_dy = barycentric(p1, p2, topleft + dy) - w0_topleft;
+	const auto w1_dy = barycentric(p2, p0, topleft + dy) - w1_topleft;
+	const auto w2_dy = barycentric(p0, p1, topleft + dy) - w2_topleft;
+
+	const Barycentric bary_0 { 1, 0, 0 };
+	const Barycentric bary_1 { 0, 1, 0 };
+	const Barycentric bary_2 { 0, 0, 1 };
+
+	const auto inv_area = 1 / rect_area;
+	const Barycentric bary_topleft = inv_area * (w0_topleft * bary_0 + w1_topleft * bary_1 + w2_topleft * bary_2);
+	const Barycentric bary_dx      = inv_area * (w0_dx      * bary_0 + w1_dx      * bary_1 + w2_dx      * bary_2);
+	const Barycentric bary_dy      = inv_area * (w0_dy      * bary_0 + w1_dy      * bary_1 + w2_dy      * bary_2);
+
+	Barycentric bary_current_row = bary_topleft;
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+	// For pixel-perfect inside/outside testing:
+
+	const int sign = rect_area > 0 ? 1 : -1; // winding order?
+
+	const int bias0i = is_dominant_edge(p2 - p1) ? 0 : -1;
+	const int bias1i = is_dominant_edge(p0 - p2) ? 0 : -1;
+	const int bias2i = is_dominant_edge(p1 - p0) ? 0 : -1;
+
+	const auto p0i = as_point(p0);
+	const auto p1i = as_point(p1);
+	const auto p2i = as_point(p2);
+
+	// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+	const bool has_uniform_color = (v0.col == v1.col && v0.col == v2.col);
+
+	const ImVec4 c0 = color_convert_u32_to_float4(v0.col);
+	const ImVec4 c1 = color_convert_u32_to_float4(v1.col);
+	const ImVec4 c2 = color_convert_u32_to_float4(v2.col);
+
+	// We often blend the same colors over and over again, so optimize for this (saves 10% total cpu):
+	uint32_t last_target_pixel = 0;
+	uint32_t last_output = blend(ColorInt(last_target_pixel), ColorInt(v0.col)).toUint32();
+
+	for (int y = min_y_i; y < max_y_i; ++y) {
+		auto bary = bary_current_row;
+
+		bool has_been_inside_this_row = false;
+
+		for (int x = min_x_i; x < max_x_i; ++x) {
+			const auto w0 = bary.w0;
+			const auto w1 = bary.w1;
+			const auto w2 = bary.w2;
+			bary += bary_dx;
+
+			{
+				// Inside/outside test:
+				const auto p = Point{kFixedBias * x + kFixedBias / 2, kFixedBias * y + kFixedBias / 2};
+				const auto w0i = sign * orient2d(p1i, p2i, p) + bias0i;
+				const auto w1i = sign * orient2d(p2i, p0i, p) + bias1i;
+				const auto w2i = sign * orient2d(p0i, p1i, p) + bias2i;
+				if (w0i < 0 || w1i < 0 || w2i < 0) {
+					if (has_been_inside_this_row) {
+						break; // Gives a nice 10% speedup
+					} else {
+						continue;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			has_been_inside_this_row = true;
+
+			uint32_t& target_pixel = target.pixels[y * target.width + x];
+
+			if (has_uniform_color && !texture) {
+				stats->uniform_triangle_pixels += 1;
+				if (target_pixel == last_target_pixel) {
+					target_pixel = last_output;
+					continue;
+				}
+				last_target_pixel = target_pixel;
+				target_pixel = blend(ColorInt(target_pixel), ColorInt(v0.col)).toUint32();
+				last_output = target_pixel;
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			ImVec4 src_color;
+
+			if (has_uniform_color) {
+				src_color = c0;
+			} else {
+				stats->gradient_triangle_pixels += 1;
+				src_color = w0 * c0 + w1 * c1 + w2 * c2;
+			}
+
+			if (texture) {
+				stats->textured_triangle_pixels += 1;
+				const ImVec2 uv = w0 * v0.uv + w1 * v1.uv + w2 * v2.uv;
+				src_color.w *= sample_texture(*texture, uv) / 255.0f;
+			}
+
+			if (src_color.w <= 0.0f) { continue; } // Transparent.
+			if (src_color.w >= 1.0f) {
+				// Opaque, no blending needed:
+				target_pixel = color_convert_float4_to_u32(src_color);
+				continue;
+			}
+
+			ImVec4 target_color = color_convert_u32_to_float4(target_pixel);
+			const auto blended_color = src_color.w * src_color + (1.0f - src_color.w) * target_color;
+			target_pixel = color_convert_float4_to_u32(blended_color);
+		}
+
+		bary_current_row += bary_dy;
+	}
+}
+
+void paint_draw_cmd(
+	const PaintTarget& target,
+	const ImDrawVert*  vertices,
+	const ImDrawIdx*   idx_buffer,
+	const ImDrawCmd&   pcmd,
+	const SwOptions&   options,
+	Stats*             stats)
+{
+	const auto texture = reinterpret_cast<const Texture*>(pcmd.TextureId);
+    const auto offset = pcmd.IdxOffset;
+
+	// ImGui uses the first pixel for "white".
+	const ImVec2 white_uv = ImVec2(0.5f / texture->width, 0.5f / texture->height);
+
+	for (size_t i = 0; i + 3 <= pcmd.ElemCount; ) {
+        const auto io = i + offset;
+		const ImDrawVert& v0 = vertices[idx_buffer[io + 0]];
+		const ImDrawVert& v1 = vertices[idx_buffer[io + 1]];
+		const ImDrawVert& v2 = vertices[idx_buffer[io + 2]];
+
+		// Text is common, and is made of textured rectangles. So let's optimize for it.
+		// This assumes the ImGui way to layout text does not change.
+		if (options.optimize_text && i + 6 <= pcmd.ElemCount &&
+		    idx_buffer[io + 3] == idx_buffer[io + 0] && idx_buffer[io + 4] == idx_buffer[io + 2]) {
+			const ImDrawVert& v3 = vertices[idx_buffer[io + 5]];
+
+			if (v0.pos.x == v3.pos.x &&
+			    v1.pos.x == v2.pos.x &&
+			    v0.pos.y == v1.pos.y &&
+			    v2.pos.y == v3.pos.y &&
+			    v0.uv.x == v3.uv.x &&
+			    v1.uv.x == v2.uv.x &&
+			    v0.uv.y == v1.uv.y &&
+			    v2.uv.y == v3.uv.y)
+			{
+				const bool has_uniform_color =
+					v0.col == v1.col &&
+					v0.col == v2.col &&
+					v0.col == v3.col;
+
+				const bool has_texture =
+					v0.uv != white_uv ||
+					v1.uv != white_uv ||
+					v2.uv != white_uv ||
+					v3.uv != white_uv;
+
+				if (has_uniform_color && has_texture)
+				{
+					paint_uniform_textured_rectangle(target, *texture, pcmd.ClipRect, v0, v2, stats);
+					i += 6;
+					continue;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		// A lot of the big stuff are uniformly colored rectangles,
+		// so we can save a lot of CPU by detecting them:
+		if (options.optimize_rectangles && i + 6 <= pcmd.ElemCount) {
+			const ImDrawVert& v3 = vertices[idx_buffer[io + 3]];
+			const ImDrawVert& v4 = vertices[idx_buffer[io + 4]];
+			const ImDrawVert& v5 = vertices[idx_buffer[io + 5]];
+
+			ImVec2 min, max;
+			min.x = min3(v0.pos.x, v1.pos.x, v2.pos.x);
+			min.y = min3(v0.pos.y, v1.pos.y, v2.pos.y);
+			max.x = max3(v0.pos.x, v1.pos.x, v2.pos.x);
+			max.y = max3(v0.pos.y, v1.pos.y, v2.pos.y);
+
+			// Not the prettiest way to do this, but it catches all cases
+			// of a rectangle split into two triangles.
+			// TODO: Stop it from also assuming duplicate triangles is one rectangle.
+			if ((v0.pos.x == min.x || v0.pos.x == max.x) &&
+				(v0.pos.y == min.y || v0.pos.y == max.y) &&
+				(v1.pos.x == min.x || v1.pos.x == max.x) &&
+				(v1.pos.y == min.y || v1.pos.y == max.y) &&
+				(v2.pos.x == min.x || v2.pos.x == max.x) &&
+				(v2.pos.y == min.y || v2.pos.y == max.y) &&
+				(v3.pos.x == min.x || v3.pos.x == max.x) &&
+				(v3.pos.y == min.y || v3.pos.y == max.y) &&
+				(v4.pos.x == min.x || v4.pos.x == max.x) &&
+				(v4.pos.y == min.y || v4.pos.y == max.y) &&
+				(v5.pos.x == min.x || v5.pos.x == max.x) &&
+				(v5.pos.y == min.y || v5.pos.y == max.y))
+			{
+				const bool has_uniform_color =
+					v0.col == v1.col &&
+					v0.col == v2.col &&
+					v0.col == v3.col &&
+					v0.col == v4.col &&
+					v0.col == v5.col;
+
+				const bool has_texture =
+					v0.uv != white_uv ||
+					v1.uv != white_uv ||
+					v2.uv != white_uv ||
+					v3.uv != white_uv ||
+					v4.uv != white_uv ||
+					v5.uv != white_uv;
+
+				min.x = std::max(min.x, pcmd.ClipRect.x);
+				min.y = std::max(min.y, pcmd.ClipRect.y);
+				max.x = std::min(max.x, pcmd.ClipRect.z - 0.5f);
+				max.y = std::min(max.y, pcmd.ClipRect.w - 0.5f);
+
+				if (max.x < min.x || max.y < min.y) { i += 6; continue; } // Completely clipped
+
+				const auto num_pixels = (max.x - min.x) * (max.y - min.y) * target.scale.x * target.scale.y;
+
+				if (has_uniform_color) {
+					if (has_texture) {
+						stats->textured_rectangle_pixels += num_pixels;
+					} else {
+						paint_uniform_rectangle(target, min, max, ColorInt(v0.col), stats);
+						i += 6;
+						continue;
+					}
+				} else {
+					if (has_texture) {
+						// I have never encountered these.
+						stats->gradient_textured_rectangle_pixels += num_pixels;
+					} else {
+						// Color picker. TODO: Optimize
+						stats->gradient_rectangle_pixels += num_pixels;
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		const bool has_texture = (v0.uv != white_uv || v1.uv != white_uv || v2.uv != white_uv);
+		paint_triangle(target, has_texture ? texture : nullptr, pcmd.ClipRect, v0, v1, v2, stats);
+		i += 3;
+	}
+}
+
+void paint_draw_list(const PaintTarget& target, const ImDrawList* cmd_list, const SwOptions& options, Stats* stats)
+{
+	const ImDrawIdx* idx_buffer = &cmd_list->IdxBuffer[0];
+	const ImDrawVert* vertices = cmd_list->VtxBuffer.Data;
+
+	for (int cmd_i = 0; cmd_i < cmd_list->CmdBuffer.size(); cmd_i++)
+	{
+		const ImDrawCmd& pcmd = cmd_list->CmdBuffer[cmd_i];
+		if (pcmd.UserCallback) {
+			pcmd.UserCallback(cmd_list, &pcmd);
+		} else {
+			paint_draw_cmd(target, vertices, idx_buffer, pcmd, options, stats);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+} // namespace
+
+void make_style_fast()
+{
+	ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+
+	style.AntiAliasedLines = false;
+	style.AntiAliasedFill = false;
+	style.WindowRounding = 0;
+}
+
+void restore_style()
+{
+	ImGuiStyle& style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+	const ImGuiStyle default_style = ImGuiStyle();
+	style.AntiAliasedLines = default_style.AntiAliasedLines;
+	style.AntiAliasedFill = default_style.AntiAliasedFill;
+	style.WindowRounding = default_style.WindowRounding;
+}
+
+void bind_imgui_painting()
+{
+    // make sure it doesn't get called twice
+    static bool done = false;
+    if (done) {
+        return;
+    }
+    done = true;
+
+	// Load default font (embedded in code):
+    ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+	uint8_t* tex_data;
+	int font_width, font_height;
+	io.Fonts->GetTexDataAsAlpha8(&tex_data, &font_width, &font_height);
+	const auto texture = new Texture{tex_data, font_width, font_height};
+	io.Fonts->TexID = texture;
+}
+
+static Stats s_stats; // TODO: pass as an argument?
+
+void paint_imgui(uint32_t* pixels, int width_pixels, int height_pixels, const SwOptions& options)
+{
+	const float width_points = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x;
+	const float height_points = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y;
+	const ImVec2 scale{width_pixels / width_points, height_pixels / height_points};
+	PaintTarget target{pixels, width_pixels, height_pixels, scale};
+	const ImDrawData* draw_data = ImGui::GetDrawData();
+
+	s_stats = Stats{};
+	for (int i = 0; i < draw_data->CmdListsCount; ++i) {
+		paint_draw_list(target, draw_data->CmdLists[i], options, &s_stats);
+	}
+}
+
+void unbind_imgui_painting()
+{
+	ImGuiIO& io = ImGui::GetIO();
+	delete reinterpret_cast<Texture*>(io.Fonts->TexID);
+	io.Fonts = nullptr;
+}
+
+bool show_options(SwOptions* io_options)
+{
+	bool changed = false;
+	changed |= ImGui::Checkbox("optimize_text", &io_options->optimize_text);
+	changed |= ImGui::Checkbox("optimize_rectangles", &io_options->optimize_rectangles);
+	return changed;
+}
+
+void show_stats()
+{
+	ImGui::Text("uniform_triangle_pixels:            %7d",   s_stats.uniform_triangle_pixels);
+	ImGui::Text("textured_triangle_pixels:           %7d",   s_stats.textured_triangle_pixels);
+	ImGui::Text("gradient_triangle_pixels:           %7d",   s_stats.gradient_triangle_pixels);
+	ImGui::Text("font_pixels:                        %7d",   s_stats.font_pixels);
+	ImGui::Text("uniform_rectangle_pixels:           %7.0f", s_stats.uniform_rectangle_pixels);
+	ImGui::Text("textured_rectangle_pixels:          %7.0f", s_stats.textured_rectangle_pixels);
+	ImGui::Text("gradient_rectangle_pixels:          %7.0f", s_stats.gradient_rectangle_pixels);
+	ImGui::Text("gradient_textured_rectangle_pixels: %7.0f", s_stats.gradient_textured_rectangle_pixels);
+}
+
+Stats get_stats() {
+    return s_stats;
+}
+
+} // namespace imgui_sw
diff --git a/overlay/imgui/impl_sw.h b/overlay/imgui/impl_sw.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11498ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/imgui/impl_sw.h
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Original File By Emil Ernerfeldt 2018
+// https://github.com/emilk/imgui_software_renderer
+// LICENSE:
+//   This software is dual-licensed to the public domain and under the following
+//   license: you are granted a perpetual, irrevocable license to copy, modify,
+//   publish, and distribute this file as you see fit.
+// WHAT:
+//   This is a software renderer for Dear ImGui.
+//   It is decently fast, but has a lot of room for optimization.
+//   The goal was to get something fast and decently accurate in not too many lines of code.
+// LIMITATIONS:
+//   * It is not pixel-perfect, but it is good enough for must use cases.
+//   * It does not support painting with any other texture than the default font texture.
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace imgui_sw {
+
+struct SwOptions
+{
+	bool optimize_text = true;  // No reason to turn this off.
+	bool optimize_rectangles = true; // No reason to turn this off.
+};
+
+
+struct Stats
+{
+    int    uniform_triangle_pixels            = 0;
+    int    textured_triangle_pixels           = 0;
+    int    gradient_triangle_pixels           = 0;
+    int    font_pixels                        = 0;
+    double uniform_rectangle_pixels           = 0;
+    double textured_rectangle_pixels          = 0;
+    double gradient_rectangle_pixels          = 0;
+    double gradient_textured_rectangle_pixels = 0;
+};
+
+/// Optional: tweak ImGui style to make it render faster.
+void make_style_fast();
+
+/// Undo what make_style_fast did.
+void restore_style();
+
+/// Call once a the start of your program.
+void bind_imgui_painting();
+
+/// The buffer is assumed to follow how ImGui packs pixels, i.e. ABGR by default.
+/// Change with IMGUI_USE_BGRA_PACKED_COLOR.
+/// If width/height differs from ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize then
+/// the function scales the UI to fit the given pixel buffer.
+void paint_imgui(uint32_t* pixels, int width_pixels, int height_pixels, const SwOptions& options = {});
+
+/// Free the resources allocated by bind_imgui_painting.
+void unbind_imgui_painting();
+
+/// Show ImGui controls for rendering options if you want to.
+bool show_options(SwOptions* io_options);
+
+/// Show rendering stats in an ImGui window if you want to.
+void show_stats();
+
+Stats get_stats();
+
+} // namespace imgui_sw
diff --git a/overlay/overlay.cpp b/overlay/overlay.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..706414c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/overlay.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+#include "overlay.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/resutils.h"
+#include "build/resource.h"
+
+#include "imgui/impl_dx9.h"
+#include "imgui/impl_spice.h"
+#include "imgui/impl_sw.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/impl_dx9.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/impl_spice.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/impl_sw.h"
+
+#include "window.h"
+#ifdef SPICE64
+#include "windows/camera_control.h"
+#endif
+#include "windows/card_manager.h"
+#include "windows/screen_resize.h"
+#include "windows/config.h"
+#include "windows/control.h"
+#include "windows/fps.h"
+#include "windows/generic_sub.h"
+#include "windows/iidx_seg.h"
+#include "windows/iidx_sub.h"
+#include "windows/iopanel.h"
+#include "windows/iopanel_ddr.h"
+#include "windows/iopanel_gfdm.h"
+#include "windows/iopanel_iidx.h"
+#include "windows/sdvx_sub.h"
+#include "windows/keypad.h"
+#include "windows/kfcontrol.h"
+#include "windows/log.h"
+#include "windows/patch_manager.h"
+#include "windows/vr.h"
+
+static inline ImVec4 operator*(const ImVec4& lhs, const ImVec4& rhs) \
+    { return ImVec4(lhs.x * rhs.x, lhs.y * rhs.y, lhs.z * rhs.z, lhs.w * rhs.w); }
+
+namespace overlay {
+
+    // settings
+    bool ENABLED = true;
+    bool AUTO_SHOW_FPS = false;
+    bool AUTO_SHOW_SUBSCREEN = false;
+    bool AUTO_SHOW_IOPANEL = false;
+    bool AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P1 = false;
+    bool AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P2 = false;
+
+    bool USE_WM_CHAR_FOR_IMGUI_CHAR_INPUT = false;
+
+    // global
+    std::mutex OVERLAY_MUTEX;
+    std::unique_ptr<overlay::SpiceOverlay> OVERLAY = nullptr;
+    ImFont* DSEG_FONT = nullptr;
+}
+
+static void *ImGui_Alloc(size_t sz, void *user_data) {
+    void *data = malloc(sz);
+    if (!data) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    memset(data, 0, sz);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void ImGui_Free(void *data, void *user_data) {
+    free(data);
+}
+
+void overlay::create_d3d9(HWND hWnd, IDirect3D9 *d3d, IDirect3DDevice9 *device) {
+    if (!overlay::ENABLED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(OVERLAY_MUTEX);
+
+    if (!overlay::OVERLAY) {
+        overlay::OVERLAY = std::make_unique<overlay::SpiceOverlay>(hWnd, d3d, device);
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::create_software(HWND hWnd) {
+    if (!overlay::ENABLED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(OVERLAY_MUTEX);
+
+    if (!overlay::OVERLAY) {
+        overlay::OVERLAY = std::make_unique<overlay::SpiceOverlay>(hWnd);
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::destroy(HWND hWnd) {
+    if (!overlay::ENABLED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(OVERLAY_MUTEX);
+
+    if (overlay::OVERLAY && (hWnd == nullptr || overlay::OVERLAY->uses_window(hWnd))) {
+        overlay::OVERLAY.reset();
+    }
+}
+
+overlay::SpiceOverlay::SpiceOverlay(HWND hWnd, IDirect3D9 *d3d, IDirect3DDevice9 *device)
+        : renderer(OverlayRenderer::D3D9), hWnd(hWnd), d3d(d3d), device(device) {
+    log_info("overlay", "initializing (D3D9)");
+
+    // increment reference counts
+    this->d3d->AddRef();
+    this->device->AddRef();
+
+    // get creation parameters
+    HRESULT ret;
+    ret = this->device->GetCreationParameters(&this->creation_parameters);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_fatal("overlay", "GetCreationParameters failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    }
+
+    // get adapter identifier
+    ret = this->d3d->GetAdapterIdentifier(
+            creation_parameters.AdapterOrdinal,
+            0,
+            &this->adapter_identifier);
+    if (FAILED(ret)) {
+        log_fatal("overlay", "GetAdapterIdentifier failed, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(ret));
+    }
+
+    // init
+    this->init();
+}
+
+overlay::SpiceOverlay::SpiceOverlay(HWND hWnd)
+        : renderer(OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE), hWnd(hWnd) {
+    log_info("overlay", "initializing (SOFTWARE)");
+
+    // init
+    this->init();
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::init() {
+
+    // init imgui
+    IMGUI_CHECKVERSION();
+    ImGui::SetAllocatorFunctions(ImGui_Alloc, ImGui_Free, nullptr);
+    ImGui::CreateContext();
+    ImGui::GetIO();
+
+    // set style
+    ImGui::StyleColorsDark();
+    if (this->renderer == OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE) {
+        imgui_sw::make_style_fast();
+        ImVec4* colors = ImGui::GetStyle().Colors;
+        colors[ImGuiCol_Border].w = 0;
+        colors[ImGuiCol_Separator].w = 0.25f;
+    } else {
+        auto &style = ImGui::GetStyle();
+        style.WindowRounding = 0;
+    }
+
+    // red theme based on:
+    // https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/707#issuecomment-760220280
+    // r, g, b, a
+    ImVec4* colors = ImGui::GetStyle().Colors;
+    // colors[ImGuiCol_Text]                   = ImVec4(0.75f, 0.75f, 0.75f, 1.00f);
+    // colors[ImGuiCol_TextDisabled]           = ImVec4(0.35f, 0.35f, 0.35f, 1.00f);
+
+    // colors[ImGuiCol_WindowBg]               = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.94f);
+    // colors[ImGuiCol_ChildBg]                = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PopupBg]                = ImVec4(0.08f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.94f);
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Border]                 = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.50f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_BorderShadow]           = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBg]                = ImVec4(0.37f, 0.14f, 0.00f, 0.54f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered]         = ImVec4(0.37f, 0.14f, 0.14f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.39f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBg]                = ImVec4(0.04f, 0.04f, 0.04f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgActive]          = ImVec4(0.48f, 0.16f, 0.16f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TitleBgCollapsed]       = ImVec4(0.48f, 0.16f, 0.16f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_MenuBarBg]              = ImVec4(0.14f, 0.14f, 0.14f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarBg]            = ImVec4(0.02f, 0.02f, 0.02f, 0.53f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrab]          = ImVec4(0.31f, 0.31f, 0.31f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabHovered]   = ImVec4(0.41f, 0.41f, 0.41f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ScrollbarGrabActive]    = ImVec4(0.51f, 0.51f, 0.51f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_CheckMark]              = ImVec4(0.56f, 0.10f, 0.10f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrab]             = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.19f, 0.19f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SliderGrabActive]       = ImVec4(0.89f, 0.00f, 0.19f, 1.00f);
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Button]                 = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.19f, 0.19f, 0.40f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered]          = ImVec4(0.80f, 0.17f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive]           = ImVec4(0.89f, 0.00f, 0.19f, 1.00f);
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Header]                 = ImVec4(0.33f, 0.35f, 0.36f, 0.53f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderHovered]          = ImVec4(0.76f, 0.28f, 0.44f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_HeaderActive]           = ImVec4(0.47f, 0.47f, 0.47f, 0.67f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Separator]              = ImVec4(0.32f, 0.32f, 0.32f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorHovered]       = ImVec4(0.32f, 0.32f, 0.32f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_SeparatorActive]        = ImVec4(0.32f, 0.32f, 0.32f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGrip]             = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.85f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripHovered]      = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.60f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ResizeGripActive]       = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.90f);
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_Tab]                    = colors[ImGuiCol_Button];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabHovered]             = colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive]              = colors[ImGuiCol_ButtonActive];
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocused]           = colors[ImGuiCol_Tab] * ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TabUnfocusedActive]     = colors[ImGuiCol_TabActive] * ImVec4(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.6f);
+
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingPreview]         = ImVec4(0.47f, 0.47f, 0.47f, 0.47f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DockingEmptyBg]         = ImVec4(0.20f, 0.20f, 0.20f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLines]              = ImVec4(0.61f, 0.61f, 0.61f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotLinesHovered]       = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.43f, 0.35f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogram]          = ImVec4(0.90f, 0.70f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_PlotHistogramHovered]   = ImVec4(1.00f, 0.60f, 0.00f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableHeaderBg]          = ImVec4(0.19f, 0.19f, 0.20f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderStrong]      = ImVec4(0.31f, 0.31f, 0.35f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableBorderLight]       = ImVec4(0.23f, 0.23f, 0.25f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBg]             = ImVec4(0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f, 0.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TableRowBgAlt]          = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.04f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_TextSelectedBg]         = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 0.35f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_DragDropTarget]         = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 0.00f, 0.90f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavHighlight]           = ImVec4(0.26f, 0.59f, 0.98f, 1.00f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingHighlight]  = ImVec4(1.00f, 1.00f, 1.00f, 0.70f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_NavWindowingDimBg]      = ImVec4(0.80f, 0.80f, 0.80f, 0.20f);
+    colors[ImGuiCol_ModalWindowDimBg]       = ImVec4(0.80f, 0.80f, 0.80f, 0.35f);
+
+    // configure IO
+    auto &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+    io.UserData = this;
+    io.ConfigFlags = ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableKeyboard
+                     | ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableGamepad
+                     | ImGuiConfigFlags_NavEnableSetMousePos
+                     | ImGuiConfigFlags_DockingEnable
+                     | ImGuiConfigFlags_ViewportsEnable;
+    if (is_touch_available()) {
+        io.ConfigFlags |= ImGuiConfigFlags_IsTouchScreen;
+    }
+
+    io.MouseDrawCursor = !GRAPHICS_SHOW_CURSOR;
+
+    // disable config
+    io.IniFilename = nullptr;
+
+    // allow CTRL+WHEEL scaling
+    io.FontAllowUserScaling = true;
+
+    // add default font
+    io.Fonts->AddFontDefault();
+
+    // add fallback fonts for missing glyph ranges
+    ImFontConfig config {};
+    config.MergeMode = true;
+    io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(R"(C:\Windows\Fonts\simsun.ttc)",
+            13.0f, &config, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesChineseSimplifiedCommon());
+    io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(R"(C:\Windows\Fonts\arial.ttf)",
+            13.0f, &config, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesCyrillic());
+    io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(R"(C:\Windows\Fonts\meiryu.ttc)",
+            13.0f, &config, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesJapanese());
+    io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(R"(C:\Windows\Fonts\meiryo.ttc)",
+            13.0f, &config, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesJapanese());
+    io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(R"(C:\Windows\Fonts\gulim.ttc)",
+            13.0f, &config, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesKorean());
+    io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(R"(C:\Windows\Fonts\cordia.ttf)",
+            13.0f, &config, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesThai());
+    io.Fonts->AddFontFromFileTTF(R"(C:\Windows\Fonts\arial.ttf)",
+            13.0f, &config, io.Fonts->GetGlyphRangesVietnamese());
+
+    // add special font
+    if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ")) {
+        DWORD size;
+        ImFontConfig config {};
+        config.FontDataOwnedByAtlas = false;
+        auto buffer = resutil::load_file(IDR_DSEGFONT, &size);
+        DSEG_FONT = io.Fonts->AddFontFromMemoryTTF((void *)buffer, size,
+            overlay::windows::IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_SIZE);
+    }
+
+    // init implementation
+    ImGui_ImplSpice_Init(this->hWnd);
+    switch (this->renderer) {
+        case OverlayRenderer::D3D9:
+            ImGui_ImplDX9_Init(this->device);
+            break;
+        case OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE:
+            imgui_sw::bind_imgui_painting();
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // create empty frame
+    switch (this->renderer) {
+        case OverlayRenderer::D3D9:
+            ImGui_ImplDX9_NewFrame();
+            break;
+        case OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE:
+            break;
+    }
+    ImGui_ImplSpice_NewFrame();
+    ImGui::NewFrame();
+    ImGui::EndFrame();
+
+    // fix navigation buttons causing crash on overlay activation
+    ImGui::Begin("Temp");
+    ImGui::End();
+
+    bool set_overlay_active = false;
+
+    // referenced windows
+    this->window_add(window_fps = new overlay::windows::FPS(this));
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && AUTO_SHOW_FPS) {
+        window_fps->set_active(true);
+        set_overlay_active = true;
+    }
+
+    // add default windows
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::Config(this));
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::Control(this));
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::Log(this));
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::CameraControl(this));
+#endif
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::CardManager(this));
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        this->window_add(new overlay::windows::ScreenResize(this));
+    }
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::PatchManager(this));
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::KFControl(this));
+    this->window_add(new overlay::windows::VRWindow(this));
+
+    {
+        const auto keypad_p1 = new overlay::windows::Keypad(this, 0);
+        this->window_add(keypad_p1);
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P1) {
+            keypad_p1->set_active(true);
+            set_overlay_active = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (eamuse_get_game_keypads() > 1) {
+        const auto keypad_p2 = new overlay::windows::Keypad(this, 1);
+        this->window_add(keypad_p2);
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P2) {
+            keypad_p2->set_active(true);
+            set_overlay_active = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // IO panel needs to know what game is running
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        overlay::Window *iopanel = nullptr;
+        if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ")) {
+            iopanel = new overlay::windows::IIDXIOPanel(this);
+        } else if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+            iopanel = new overlay::windows::DDRIOPanel(this);
+        } else if (avs::game::is_model({"J32", "J33", "K32", "K33", "L32", "L33", "M32"})) {
+            iopanel = new overlay::windows::GitadoraIOPanel(this);
+        } else {
+            iopanel = new overlay::windows::IOPanel(this);
+        }
+        if (iopanel) {
+            this->window_add(iopanel);
+            if (AUTO_SHOW_IOPANEL) {
+                iopanel->set_active(true);
+                set_overlay_active = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // subscreens need DirectX, so don't try to initialize them in standalone
+    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+        overlay::Window *subscreen = nullptr;
+        if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ")) {
+            if (games::iidx::TDJ_MODE) {
+                subscreen = new overlay::windows::IIDXSubScreen(this);
+            } else {
+                subscreen = new overlay::windows::IIDXSegmentDisplay(this);
+            }
+        } else if (avs::game::is_model("KFC")) {
+            subscreen = new overlay::windows::SDVXSubScreen(this);
+        }
+        if (subscreen) {
+            this->window_add(subscreen);
+            if (AUTO_SHOW_SUBSCREEN) {
+                subscreen->set_active(true);
+                set_overlay_active = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (set_overlay_active) {
+        this->set_active(true);
+    }
+}
+
+overlay::SpiceOverlay::~SpiceOverlay() {
+
+    // imgui shutdown
+    ImGui_ImplSpice_Shutdown();
+    switch (this->renderer) {
+        case OverlayRenderer::D3D9:
+            ImGui_ImplDX9_Shutdown();
+
+            // drop references
+            this->device->Release();
+            this->d3d->Release();
+
+            break;
+        case OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE:
+            imgui_sw::unbind_imgui_painting();
+            break;
+    }
+    ImGui::DestroyContext();
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::window_add(Window *wnd) {
+    this->windows.emplace_back(std::unique_ptr<Window>(wnd));
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::new_frame() {
+
+    // update implementation
+    ImGui_ImplSpice_NewFrame();
+    this->total_elapsed += ImGui::GetIO().DeltaTime;
+
+    // check if inactive
+    if (!this->active) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // init frame
+    switch (this->renderer) {
+        case OverlayRenderer::D3D9:
+            ImGui_ImplDX9_NewFrame();
+            break;
+        case OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE:
+            ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateDisplaySize();
+            break;
+    }
+    ImGui::NewFrame();
+
+    // build windows
+    for (auto &window : this->windows) {
+        window->build();
+    }
+
+    // end frame
+    ImGui::EndFrame();
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::render() {
+
+    // check if inactive
+    if (!this->active) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // imgui render
+    ImGui::Render();
+
+    // implementation render
+    switch (this->renderer) {
+        case OverlayRenderer::D3D9:
+            ImGui_ImplDX9_RenderDrawData(ImGui::GetDrawData());
+            break;
+        case OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE: {
+
+            // get display metrics
+            auto &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+            auto width = static_cast<size_t>(std::ceil(io.DisplaySize.x));
+            auto height = static_cast<size_t>(std::ceil(io.DisplaySize.y));
+            auto pixels = width * height;
+
+            // make sure buffer is big enough
+            if (this->pixel_data.size() < pixels) {
+                this->pixel_data.resize(pixels, 0);
+            }
+
+            // reset buffer
+            memset(&this->pixel_data[0], 0, width * height * sizeof(uint32_t));
+
+            // render to pixel data
+            imgui_sw::SwOptions options {
+                .optimize_text = true,
+                .optimize_rectangles = true,
+            };
+            imgui_sw::paint_imgui(&this->pixel_data[0], width, height, options);
+            pixel_data_width = width;
+            pixel_data_height = height;
+
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    for (auto &window : this->windows) {
+        window->after_render();
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::update() {
+
+    // check overlay toggle
+    auto overlay_buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+    bool toggle_down_new = overlay_buttons
+            && this->hotkeys_triggered()
+            && GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, overlay_buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::ToggleOverlay));
+    if (toggle_down_new && !this->toggle_down) {
+        toggle_active(true);
+    }
+    this->toggle_down = toggle_down_new;
+
+    // update windows
+    for (auto &window : this->windows) {
+        window->update();
+    }
+
+    // deactivate if no windows are shown
+    bool window_active = false;
+    for (auto &window : this->windows) {
+        if (window->get_active()) {
+            window_active = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!window_active) {
+        this->set_active(false);
+    }
+}
+
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::update_cursor() {
+    return ImGui_ImplSpice_UpdateMouseCursor();
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::toggle_active(bool overlay_key) {
+
+    // invert active state
+    this->active = !this->active;
+
+    // show FPS window if toggled with overlay key
+    if (overlay_key) {
+        this->window_fps->set_active(this->active);
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::set_active(bool new_active) {
+
+    // toggle if different
+    if (this->active != new_active) {
+        this->toggle_active();
+    }
+}
+
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::get_active() {
+    return this->active;
+}
+
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::has_focus() {
+    return this->get_active() && ImGui::IsWindowFocused(ImGuiFocusedFlags_AnyWindow);
+}
+
+bool overlay::SpiceOverlay::hotkeys_triggered() {
+
+    // check if disabled first
+    if (!this->hotkeys_enable) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get buttons
+    auto buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+    if (!buttons) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto &hotkey1 = buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::HotkeyEnable1);
+    auto &hotkey2 = buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::HotkeyEnable2);
+    auto &toggle = buttons->at(games::OverlayButtons::HotkeyToggle);
+
+    // check hotkey toggle
+    auto toggle_state = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, toggle);
+    if (toggle_state) {
+        if (!this->hotkey_toggle_last) {
+            this->hotkey_toggle_last = true;
+            this->hotkey_toggle = !this->hotkey_toggle;
+        }
+    } else {
+        this->hotkey_toggle_last = false;
+    }
+
+    // hotkey toggle overrides hotkey enable button states
+    if (hotkey_toggle) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    // check hotkey enable buttons
+    bool triggered = true;
+    if (hotkey1.isSet() && !GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, hotkey1)) {
+        triggered = false;
+    }
+    if (hotkey2.isSet() && !GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, hotkey2)) {
+        triggered = false;
+    }
+    return triggered;
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::reset_invalidate() {
+    ImGui_ImplDX9_InvalidateDeviceObjects();
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::reset_recreate() {
+    ImGui_ImplDX9_CreateDeviceObjects();
+}
+
+void overlay::SpiceOverlay::input_char(unsigned int c) {
+    // add character to ImGui
+    ImGui::GetIO().AddInputCharacter(c);
+}
+
+uint32_t *overlay::SpiceOverlay::sw_get_pixel_data(int *width, int *height) {
+
+    // check if active
+    if (!this->active) {
+        *width = 0;
+        *height = 0;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // ensure buffer has the right size
+    const size_t total_size = this->pixel_data_width * this->pixel_data_height;
+    if (this->pixel_data.size() < total_size) {
+        this->pixel_data.resize(total_size, 0);
+    }
+
+    // check for empty surface
+    if (this->pixel_data.empty()) {
+        *width = 0;
+        *height = 0;
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // copy and return pointer to data
+    *width = this->pixel_data_width;
+    *height = this->pixel_data_height;
+    return &this->pixel_data[0];
+}
diff --git a/overlay/overlay.h b/overlay/overlay.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..826b9ce
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/overlay.h
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <functional>
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+
+namespace overlay {
+    class Window;
+
+    enum class OverlayRenderer {
+        D3D9,
+        SOFTWARE,
+    };
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool ENABLED;
+    extern bool AUTO_SHOW_FPS;
+    extern bool AUTO_SHOW_SUBSCREEN;
+    extern bool AUTO_SHOW_IOPANEL;
+    extern bool AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P1;
+    extern bool AUTO_SHOW_KEYPAD_P2;
+    extern bool USE_WM_CHAR_FOR_IMGUI_CHAR_INPUT;
+
+    class SpiceOverlay {
+    public:
+
+        D3DDEVICE_CREATION_PARAMETERS creation_parameters {};
+        D3DADAPTER_IDENTIFIER9 adapter_identifier {};
+        bool hotkeys_enable = true;
+
+        explicit SpiceOverlay(HWND hWnd, IDirect3D9 *d3d, IDirect3DDevice9 *device);
+        explicit SpiceOverlay(HWND hWnd);
+        ~SpiceOverlay();
+
+        void window_add(Window *wnd);
+        void new_frame();
+        void render();
+        void update();
+        void toggle_active(bool overlay_key = false);
+        void set_active(bool active);
+        bool get_active();
+        bool has_focus();
+        bool hotkeys_triggered();
+
+        static bool update_cursor();
+        static void reset_invalidate();
+        static void reset_recreate();
+        void input_char(unsigned int c);
+
+        uint32_t *sw_get_pixel_data(int *width, int *height);
+
+        inline bool uses_window(HWND hWnd) {
+            return this->hWnd == hWnd;
+        }
+        inline bool uses_context(IDirect3D9 *other) {
+            return this->d3d == other;
+        }
+        inline bool uses_device(IDirect3DDevice9 *other) {
+            return this->device == other;
+        }
+        inline IDirect3DDevice9 *get_device() {
+            return this->device;
+        }
+
+        bool can_transform_touch_input() {
+            return (this->subscreen_mouse_handler != nullptr);
+        }
+
+        bool transform_touch_point(LONG *x, LONG *y) {
+            if (this->get_active() && this->subscreen_mouse_handler) {
+                return this->subscreen_mouse_handler(x, y);
+            } else {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        void set_subscreen_mouse_handler(const std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> &f) {
+            this->subscreen_mouse_handler = f;
+        }
+
+        // renderer
+        OverlayRenderer renderer;
+        float total_elapsed = 0.f;
+
+    private:
+
+        HWND hWnd = nullptr;
+
+        // D3D9
+        IDirect3D9 *d3d = nullptr;
+        IDirect3DDevice9 *device = nullptr;
+
+        // software
+        std::vector<uint32_t> pixel_data;
+        size_t pixel_data_width = 0;
+        size_t pixel_data_height = 0;
+
+        std::vector<std::unique_ptr<Window>> windows;
+        Window *window_fps = nullptr;
+
+        std::function<bool(LONG *, LONG *)> subscreen_mouse_handler = nullptr;
+
+        bool active = false;
+        bool toggle_down = false;
+        bool hotkey_toggle = false;
+        bool hotkey_toggle_last = false;
+
+        void init();
+    };
+
+    // global
+    extern std::mutex OVERLAY_MUTEX;
+    extern std::unique_ptr<overlay::SpiceOverlay> OVERLAY;
+    extern ImFont* DSEG_FONT;
+
+    // synchronized helpers
+    void create_d3d9(HWND hWnd, IDirect3D9 *d3d, IDirect3DDevice9 *device);
+    void create_software(HWND hWnd);
+    void destroy(HWND hWnd = nullptr);
+}
diff --git a/overlay/window.cpp b/overlay/window.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..59a4fb0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/window.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+#include "window.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+
+overlay::Window::Window(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : overlay(overlay) {
+}
+
+overlay::Window::~Window() {
+
+    // kill children
+    for (auto &child : this->children) {
+        delete child;
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::Window::update() {
+
+    // check if toggle is enabled
+    if (this->toggle_button != ~0u) {
+
+        // get state
+        auto overlay_buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+        bool toggle_button_new = overlay_buttons
+                && this->overlay->hotkeys_triggered()
+                && GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, overlay_buttons->at(this->toggle_button));
+        if (toggle_button_new && !this->toggle_button_state) {
+
+            // if the overlay is hidden just reactivate it
+            if (!this->overlay->get_active()) {
+                this->active = true;
+                this->overlay->set_active(true);
+            } else {
+                this->toggle_active();
+            }
+        }
+        this->toggle_button_state = toggle_button_new;
+    }
+
+    // update children
+    auto it = this->children.begin();
+    while (it != this->children.end()) {
+        (*it)->update();
+        if ((*it)->active) {
+            it++;
+        } else {
+            delete (*it);
+            this->children.erase(it);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::Window::build() {
+
+    // check if active
+    if (!this->active) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (this->draws_window) {
+
+        // automatic max window size
+        if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && (size_max.x < 0 || size_max.y < 0)) {
+            auto &display_size = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize;
+            ImVec2 size_max_auto(display_size.x - 100, display_size.y - 100);
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(size_min, size_max_auto, resize_callback);
+        } else {
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowSizeConstraints(size_min, size_max, resize_callback);
+        }
+
+        // background alpha
+        if (this->bg_alpha != 1.f) {
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowBgAlpha(this->bg_alpha);
+        }
+
+        if (this->remove_window_padding) {
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowPadding, ImVec2(0, 0));
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowRounding, 0.0f);
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_WindowBorderSize, 0.0f);
+        }
+
+        // create window
+        if (ImGui::Begin(
+                (this->title + "###" + to_string(this)).c_str(),
+                &this->active,
+                this->flags)) {
+
+            // window attributes
+            this->calculate_initial_window();
+            ImGui::SetWindowPos(this->init_pos, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            ImGui::SetWindowSize(this->init_size, ImGuiCond_Once);
+
+            // add content
+            this->build_content();
+
+            // build children
+            for (auto &child : this->children) {
+                child->build();
+            }
+
+            // end window
+            ImGui::End();
+        }
+
+        if (this->remove_window_padding) {
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+        }
+
+    } else {
+
+        // add raw content
+        this->build_content();
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::Window::toggle_active() {
+
+    // flip bool
+    this->active = !this->active;
+
+    // update children
+    for (auto &child : this->children) {
+        child->toggle_active();
+    }
+}
+
+void overlay::Window::set_active(bool active) {
+
+    // toggle if different
+    if (this->get_active() != active) {
+
+        // flip bool
+        this->active = !this->active;
+
+        // update children
+        for (auto &child : this->children) {
+            child->set_active(this->active);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+bool overlay::Window::get_active() {
+
+    // check for active children
+    for (auto &child : this->children) {
+        if (child->get_active()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // now it depends on us
+    return this->active;
+}
diff --git a/overlay/window.h b/overlay/window.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07ae0ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/window.h
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+#include "external/imgui/imgui_stdlib.h"
+#include "overlay.h"
+
+namespace overlay {
+
+    class Window {
+    public:
+        virtual ~Window();
+
+        // an opportunity to calculate initial window position and size within the ImGui
+        // window context, since it may not be possible in the Window constructor
+        virtual void calculate_initial_window() {}
+
+        virtual void build_content() = 0;
+        virtual void update();
+        virtual void after_render() {};
+
+        void build();
+        void toggle_active();
+        void set_active(bool active);
+        bool get_active();
+    protected:
+
+        // state
+        SpiceOverlay *overlay;
+        bool active = false;
+        std::vector<Window*> children;
+
+        // settings
+        bool remove_window_padding = false;
+        bool draws_window = true;
+        ImGuiSizeCallback resize_callback = nullptr;
+        std::string title = "Title";
+        ImGuiWindowFlags flags = 0;
+        size_t toggle_button = ~0u;
+        bool toggle_button_state = false;
+
+        // init settings
+        ImVec2 init_pos = ImVec2(0, 0);
+        ImVec2 init_size = ImVec2(0, 0);
+        ImVec2 size_min = ImVec2(0, 0);
+        ImVec2 size_max = ImVec2(-1, -1);
+        float bg_alpha = 0.8f;
+
+        Window(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/acio_status_buffers.cpp b/overlay/windows/acio_status_buffers.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6d9fc81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/acio_status_buffers.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#include "acio_status_buffers.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+#include "external/imgui/imgui_memory_editor.h"
+
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    ACIOStatusBuffers::ACIOStatusBuffers(SpiceOverlay *overlay, acio::ACIOModule *module)
+    : Window(overlay), module(module) {
+        this->title = module->name + " Status Buffers";
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(600, 400);
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2 - this->init_size.y / 2);
+        this->active = true;
+
+        // configure editor defaults
+        this->editor = new MemoryEditor();
+        this->editor->OptShowDataPreview = true;
+        this->editor->PreviewDataType = ImGuiDataType_U16;
+    }
+
+    ACIOStatusBuffers::~ACIOStatusBuffers() {
+
+        // kill editor
+        delete this->editor;
+    }
+
+    void ACIOStatusBuffers::build_content() {
+
+        // freeze checkbox
+        if (module->status_buffer_freeze) {
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Freeze", module->status_buffer_freeze);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Prevent automatic modifications to the buffer.");
+            ImGui::Separator();
+        }
+
+        // draw editor
+        this->editor->DrawContents(
+                this->module->status_buffer,
+                this->module->status_buffer_size);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/acio_status_buffers.h b/overlay/windows/acio_status_buffers.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34edc48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/acio_status_buffers.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "acio/acio.h"
+
+struct MemoryEditor;
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class ACIOStatusBuffers : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        ACIOStatusBuffers(SpiceOverlay *overlay, acio::ACIOModule *module);
+        ~ACIOStatusBuffers() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    private:
+        acio::ACIOModule *module;
+        MemoryEditor *editor;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/camera_control.cpp b/overlay/windows/camera_control.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02e9ca5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/camera_control.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#include <games/io.h>
+#include "camera_control.h"
+
+#include <strmif.h>
+
+#include "games/iidx/camera.h"
+#include "games/iidx/local_camera.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+
+using namespace games::iidx;
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    CameraControl::CameraControl(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Camera Control";
+        this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize;
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(0, 0);
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleCameraControl;
+    }
+
+    CameraControl::~CameraControl() {
+    }
+
+    void CameraControl::build_content() {
+        if (!CAMERA_READY) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f), "%s", "Camera not ready");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // camera combo box
+        auto numCameras = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.size();
+
+        if (numCameras == 0) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        IIDXLocalCamera *selectedCamera = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.at(m_selectedCameraIndex);
+        auto selectedCameraChanged = ImGui::BeginCombo(
+            "Source", selectedCamera->GetName().c_str()
+        );
+
+        if (selectedCameraChanged) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < numCameras; i++) {
+                IIDXLocalCamera *cameraItem = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.at(i);
+                const bool is_selected = (m_selectedCameraIndex == (int) i);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(cameraItem->GetName().c_str(), is_selected)) {
+                    m_selectedCameraIndex = i;
+                }
+
+                if (is_selected) {
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndCombo();
+        }
+
+        selectedCamera = LOCAL_CAMERA_LIST.at(m_selectedCameraIndex);
+
+        // Render parameters
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("Rendering");
+
+        // Media Type Selector
+        int selectedMediaTypeIndex = selectedCamera->m_selectedMediaTypeIndex;
+        auto numMediaTypes = selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.size();
+
+        auto selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged = ImGui::BeginCombo(
+            "Media Type", selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).description.c_str()
+        );
+
+        if (selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < numMediaTypes; i++) {
+                const bool is_selected = (selectedMediaTypeIndex == (int) i);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(i).description.c_str(), is_selected)) {
+                    selectedMediaTypeIndex = i;
+                }
+
+                if (is_selected) {
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndCombo();
+        }
+
+        if (selectedMediaTypeIndexChanged && selectedMediaTypeIndex != selectedCamera->m_selectedMediaTypeIndex) {
+            selectedCamera->m_useAutoMediaType = false;
+            selectedCamera->ChangeMediaType(selectedCamera->m_mediaTypeInfos.at(selectedMediaTypeIndex).p_mediaType);
+        }
+
+        // Auto media type
+        bool isAutoMediaType = selectedCamera->m_useAutoMediaType;
+        ImGui::SameLine(300);
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox("Auto##MediaType", &isAutoMediaType)) {
+            selectedCamera->m_useAutoMediaType = isAutoMediaType;
+            if (isAutoMediaType) {
+                selectedCamera->ChangeMediaType(selectedCamera->m_pAutoMediaType);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Draw mode
+        int selectedDrawModeIndex = selectedCamera->m_drawMode;
+        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Draw Mode", DRAW_MODE_LABELS[selectedCamera->m_drawMode].c_str())) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < DRAW_MODE_SIZE; i++) {
+                const bool is_selected = (selectedDrawModeIndex == (int) i);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(DRAW_MODE_LABELS[i].c_str(), is_selected)) {
+                    selectedDrawModeIndex = i;
+                }
+
+                if (is_selected) {
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndCombo();
+        }
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(
+            "Stretch: direct copy from source to destination\n\n"
+            "Crop: Keep aspect ratio (16:9) and cut off horizontally or vertically\n\n"
+            "Letterbox: Keep aspect ratio (16:9) and add black space horizontally or vertically\n\n"
+            "Crop to 4:3: Crop to display as 4:3\n\n"
+            "Letterbox to 4:3: Like Letterbox, but target 4:3"
+            );
+
+        if (selectedDrawModeIndex != selectedCamera->m_drawMode) {
+            selectedCamera->m_drawMode = (LocalCameraDrawMode)selectedDrawModeIndex;
+            selectedCamera->UpdateDrawRect();
+        }
+
+        // Camera control parameters
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Text("Camera control");
+
+        // some high end webcams store settings on its onboard memory, with the user configuring it
+        // via proprietary software outside of the game, so don't mess with it unless the user
+        // explicitly wants to change things here
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Allow manual control", &selectedCamera->m_allowManualControl);
+
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(!selectedCamera->m_allowManualControl);
+        IAMCameraControl *pCameraControl = selectedCamera->GetCameraControl();
+        if (pCameraControl) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < CAMERA_CONTROL_PROP_SIZE; i++) {
+                CameraControlProp prop = {};
+                selectedCamera->GetCameraControlProp(i, &prop);
+
+                auto value = prop.value;
+
+                bool isDisabled = (prop.defFlags == 0 || prop.valueFlags & CameraControl_Flags_Auto);
+                ImGui::BeginDisabled(isDisabled);
+
+                int sliderFlag = ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp | ImGuiSliderFlags_NoRoundToFormat;
+
+                bool isDefAuto = prop.defFlags & CameraControl_Flags_Auto;
+
+                if (ImGui::SliderInt(CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[i].c_str(), (int*) &value, prop.minValue, prop.maxValue, "%d", sliderFlag)) {
+                    selectedCamera->SetCameraControlProp(i, value, prop.valueFlags);
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+                if (isDefAuto) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine(300);
+                    if (ImGui::CheckboxFlags(("Auto##" + CAMERA_CONTROL_LABELS[i]).c_str(), (int*) &prop.valueFlags, CameraControl_Flags_Auto)) {
+                        selectedCamera->SetCameraControlProp(i, value, prop.valueFlags);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        
+        // reset button
+        if (ImGui::Button("Reset")) {
+            selectedCamera->ResetCameraControlProps();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+        // save button
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Save")) {
+            this->config_save();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CameraControl::config_save() {
+        camera_config_save();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/camera_control.h b/overlay/windows/camera_control.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43264a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/camera_control.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include <strmif.h>
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class CameraControl : public Window {
+    public:
+        CameraControl(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~CameraControl() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    private:
+        int m_selectedCameraIndex = 0;
+        bool config_dirty = false;
+        void config_save();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/card_manager.cpp b/overlay/windows/card_manager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..33ace98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/card_manager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,493 @@
+#include <random>
+#include <games/io.h>
+#include "card_manager.h"
+
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    CardManager::CardManager(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Card Manager";
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(420, 420);
+
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            this->init_pos = ImVec2(40, 40);
+        } else {
+            this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                    ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2,
+                    ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2 - this->init_size.y / 2);
+        }
+
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleCardManager;
+        this->config_path = std::filesystem::path(_wgetenv(L"APPDATA")) / L"spicetools_card_manager.json";
+        if (fileutils::file_exists(this->config_path)) {
+            this->config_load();
+        }
+    }
+
+    CardManager::~CardManager() {
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::build_content() {
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Selected card");
+        build_card();
+        ImGui::SeparatorText("Available cards");
+        build_card_list();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        build_footer();
+
+        build_card_editor();
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::build_card() {
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(this->current_card == nullptr);
+        // insert P1 button
+        if (ImGui::Button("Insert P1")) {
+            const auto card = this->current_card;
+            uint8_t card_bin[8];
+            if (card && card->id.length() == 16 && hex2bin(card->id.c_str(), card_bin)) {
+                eamuse_card_insert(0, card_bin);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // insert P2 button
+        if (eamuse_get_game_keypads() > 1) {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Insert P2")) {
+                const auto card = this->current_card;
+                uint8_t card_bin[8];
+                if (card && card->id.length() == 16 && hex2bin(card->id.c_str(), card_bin)) {
+                    eamuse_card_insert(1, card_bin);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // edit selected card
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Edit Card")) {
+            open_card_editor();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        // card ui
+        if (this->current_card) {
+            const auto card = this->current_card;
+            const ImVec4 color(card->color[0], card->color[1], card->color[2], 1.f);
+            float bg_luminance = (0.299f * card->color[0] + 0.587 * card->color[1] + 0.114 * card->color[2]);
+
+            // text color
+            ImVec4 text_color;
+            if (0.5f < bg_luminance) {
+                text_color = ImVec4(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f); // black
+            } else {
+                text_color = ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f); // white
+            }
+
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, color);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonActive, color);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered, color);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, text_color);
+            if (ImGui::Button(fmt::format(
+                    "  {}\n  {}  ",
+                    card->name.empty() ? "<blank>" : card->name.substr(0, 16),
+                    card->id
+                    ).c_str())) {
+
+                open_card_editor();
+            }
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor(4);
+        } else {
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+            ImGui::Button("  <No card>  \n  xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  ");
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor(4);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::open_card_editor() {
+        if (this->current_card) {
+            const auto card = this->current_card;
+            strcpy_s(this->name_buffer, std::size(this->name_buffer), card->name.c_str());
+            strcpy_s(this->card_buffer, std::size(this->card_buffer), card->id.c_str());
+            this->color_buffer[0] = card->color[0];
+            this->color_buffer[1] = card->color[1];
+            this->color_buffer[2] = card->color[2];
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Card Editor");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::build_card_editor() {
+        // new/edit card popup
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Card Editor", nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+            // card ID field (only editable for new cards)
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(this->current_card);
+            ImGui::InputTextWithHint("Card ID", "E0040123456789AB",
+                    this->card_buffer,
+                    std::size(this->card_buffer),
+                    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase);
+            if (this->current_card == nullptr) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Generate")) {
+                    generate_ea_card(this->card_buffer);
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+            // name field
+            ImGui::InputTextWithHint("Card Name", "Main Card",
+                    this->name_buffer, std::size(this->name_buffer));
+
+            // color
+            ImGui::ColorEdit3("Color", this->color_buffer, ImGuiColorEditFlags_DisplayHex);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Random")) {
+                generate_random_color();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            // add/update button
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(strlen(this->card_buffer) != 16);
+            if (ImGui::Button(this->current_card ? "Update Card" : "Save Card")) {
+                if (this->current_card) {
+                    // update existing card
+                    this->current_card->name = strtrim(this->name_buffer);
+                    this->current_card->color[0] = this->color_buffer[0];
+                    this->current_card->color[1] = this->color_buffer[1];
+                    this->current_card->color[2] = this->color_buffer[2];
+                    generate_search_string(this->current_card);
+                } else {
+                    // create a new card
+                    CardEntry card {
+                        .name = strtrim(this->name_buffer),
+                        .id = std::string(this->card_buffer),
+                        .color = {this->color_buffer[0], this->color_buffer[1], this->color_buffer[2]}
+                    };
+                    generate_search_string(&card);
+                    this->cards.emplace_back(card);
+                    
+                    // mark this card as the selected one
+                    this->current_card = &this->cards.back();
+                }
+                this->config_save();
+                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+            // delete current card button
+            if (this->current_card) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Delete Card")) {
+                    std::erase_if(this->cards, [&](CardEntry &card) {
+                        return &card == this->current_card;
+                    });
+                    this->current_card = nullptr;
+                    this->config_save();
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+            }
+
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Cancel")) {
+                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::build_card_list() {
+
+        // search for card
+        //
+        // setting ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter and pressing escape doesn't cause below 
+        // to return true, making it necessary to provide a callback...
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(220);
+        if (ImGui::InputTextWithHint("", "Type here to search..", &this->search_filter)) {
+            this->search_filter_in_lower_case = strtolower(this->search_filter);
+        }
+        if (!this->search_filter.empty()) {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                this->search_filter.clear();
+                this->search_filter_in_lower_case.clear();
+            }
+        } else {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            
+            // move selected up/down the list
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(this->current_card == nullptr);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Move Up")) {
+                for (auto it = this->cards.begin(); it != this->cards.end(); ++it) {
+                    if (&*it == this->current_card && it != this->cards.begin()) {
+                        std::iter_swap(it, it - 1);
+                        this->current_card = &*(it - 1);
+                        this->config_dirty = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Move Down")) {
+                for (auto it = this->cards.begin(); it != this->cards.end(); ++it) {
+                    if (&*it == this->current_card && (it + 1) != this->cards.end()) {
+                        std::iter_swap(it, it + 1);
+                        this->current_card = &*(it + 1);
+                        this->config_dirty = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        // cards list
+        // use all available vertical space, minus height of buttons, minus separator
+        if (ImGui::BeginChild(
+                "cards",
+                ImVec2(0, ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().y - ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() - 8.f))) {
+            for (auto &card : this->cards) {
+
+                // get card name
+                std::string card_name = card.id;
+                if (!card.name.empty()) {
+                    card_name += " - ";
+                    card_name += card.name;
+                }
+
+                if (!this->search_filter_in_lower_case.empty() && !card.search_string.empty()) {
+                    const bool matched =
+                        card.search_string.find(this->search_filter_in_lower_case) != std::string::npos;
+
+                    if (!matched) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // draw entry
+                ImGui::PushID(&card);
+
+                ImVec4 color(card.color[0], card.color[1], card.color[2], 1.f);
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, color);
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonActive, color);
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonHovered, color);
+                ImGui::SmallButton(" ");
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor(3);
+
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(card_name.c_str(), this->current_card == &card)) {
+                    this->current_card = &card;
+                }
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::build_footer() {
+
+        // add new card
+        if (ImGui::Button("Add New Card")) {
+            memset(this->name_buffer, 0, sizeof(this->name_buffer));
+            memset(this->card_buffer, 0, sizeof(this->card_buffer));
+            generate_random_color();
+            this->current_card = nullptr;
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Card Editor");
+        }
+
+        // save button
+        if (this->config_dirty) {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Save")) {
+                this->config_save();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::config_load() {
+        log_info("cardmanager", "loading config");
+
+        // clear cards
+        this->cards.clear();
+
+        // read config file
+        std::string config = fileutils::text_read(this->config_path);
+        if (!config.empty()) {
+
+            // parse document
+            Document doc;
+            doc.Parse(config.c_str());
+
+            // check parse error
+            auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+            if (error) {
+                log_warning("cardmanager", "config parse error: {}", error);
+            }
+
+            // verify root is a dict
+            if (doc.IsObject()) {
+
+                // find pages
+                auto pages = doc.FindMember("pages");
+                if (pages != doc.MemberEnd() && pages->value.IsArray()) {
+
+                    // iterate pages
+                    for (auto &page : pages->value.GetArray()) {
+                        if (page.IsObject()) {
+
+                            // get cards
+                            auto cards = page.FindMember("cards");
+                            if (cards != doc.MemberEnd() && cards->value.IsArray()) {
+
+                                // iterate cards
+                                for (auto &card : cards->value.GetArray()) {
+                                    if (card.IsObject()) {
+
+                                        // find attributes
+                                        auto name = card.FindMember("name");
+                                        if (name == doc.MemberEnd() || !name->value.IsString()) {
+                                            log_warning("cardmanager", "card name not found");
+                                            continue;
+                                        }
+                                        auto id = card.FindMember("id");
+                                        if (id == doc.MemberEnd() || !id->value.IsString()) {
+                                            log_warning("cardmanager", "card id not found");
+                                            continue;
+                                        }
+
+                                        // save entry
+                                        CardEntry entry {
+                                                .name = name->value.GetString(),
+                                                .id = id->value.GetString(),
+                                        };
+                                        generate_search_string(&entry);
+
+                                        // optional color
+                                        auto color = card.FindMember("color");
+                                        if (color != doc.MemberEnd() && color->value.IsArray()) {
+                                            auto c = color->value.GetArray();
+                                            if (c.Size() == 3 && c[0].IsFloat()) {
+                                                entry.color[0] = c[0].GetFloat();
+                                                entry.color[1] = c[1].GetFloat();
+                                                entry.color[2] = c[2].GetFloat();
+                                            }
+                                        }
+
+                                        this->cards.emplace_back(entry);
+
+                                    } else {
+                                        log_warning("cardmanager", "card is not an object");
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                log_warning("cardmanager", "cards not found or not an array");
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            log_warning("cardmanager", "page is not an object");
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    log_warning("cardmanager", "pages not found or not an array");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::config_save() {
+        log_info("cardmanager", "saving config");
+
+        // create document
+        Document doc;
+        doc.Parse(
+                "{"
+                "  \"pages\": ["
+                "    {"
+                "      \"cards\": ["
+                "      ]"
+                "    }"
+                "  ]"
+                "}"
+        );
+
+        // check parse error
+        auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+        if (error) {
+            log_warning("cardmanager", "template parse error: {}", error);
+        }
+
+        // add cards
+        auto &cards = doc["pages"][0]["cards"];
+        for (auto &entry : this->cards) {
+            Value card(kObjectType);
+            card.AddMember("name", StringRef(entry.name.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+            card.AddMember("id", StringRef(entry.id.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+
+            Value color(kArrayType);
+            color.PushBack(entry.color[0], doc.GetAllocator());
+            color.PushBack(entry.color[1], doc.GetAllocator());
+            color.PushBack(entry.color[2], doc.GetAllocator());
+            card.AddMember("color", color, doc.GetAllocator());
+
+            cards.PushBack(card, doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // build JSON; using pretty writer so people can manually edit it
+        StringBuffer buffer;
+        PrettyWriter<StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+        doc.Accept(writer);
+
+        // save to file
+        if (fileutils::text_write(this->config_path, buffer.GetString())) {
+            this->config_dirty = false;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("cardmanager", "unable to save config file to {}", this->config_path.string());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::generate_search_string(CardEntry *card) {
+        card->search_string = strtolower(card->name) + " " + strtolower(card->id);
+    }
+
+    void CardManager::generate_random_color() {
+        // these are colors on a hue wheel, starting from red
+        static const char colors[48][7] = {
+            "FF0000","FF2000","FF4000","FF6000","FF8000","FFAA00","FFCC00","FFEE00",
+            "FFFF00","DDFF00","CCFF00","AAFF00","80FF00","60FF00","40FF00","20FF00",
+            "00FF00","00FF20","00FF40","00FF60","00FF80","00FFAA","00FFCC","00FFDD",
+            "00FFFF","00DDFF","00CCFF","0099FF","0080FF","0060FF","0040FF","0020FF",
+            "0000FF","2000FF","4000FF","6000FF","8000FF","AA00FF","CC00FF","DD00FF",
+            "FF00FF","FF00EE","FF00CC","FF00AA","FF0080","FF0060","FF0040","FF0020"
+            };
+
+        std::random_device rd;
+        std::mt19937 generator(rd());
+        std::uniform_int_distribution<> uniform(12, 36);
+
+        // skip, ignoring half the hue wheel close to current index
+        static int index = 0;
+        index = (index + uniform(generator)) % 48;
+
+        const auto hex = colors[index];
+
+        uint8_t r, g, b;
+        std::sscanf(hex, "%02hhx%02hhx%02hhx", &r, &g, &b);
+        this->color_buffer[0] = r / 255.f;
+        this->color_buffer[1] = g / 255.f;
+        this->color_buffer[2] = b / 255.f;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/card_manager.h b/overlay/windows/card_manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e79f0fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/card_manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <filesystem>
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    struct CardEntry {
+        std::string name = "unnamed";
+        std::string id = "E004010000000000";
+        std::string search_string = "";
+        float color[3] {};
+    };
+
+    class CardManager : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        CardManager(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~CardManager() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    private:
+
+        std::filesystem::path config_path;
+        bool config_dirty = false;
+        std::vector<CardEntry> cards;
+        char name_buffer[65] {};
+        char card_buffer[17] {};
+        float color_buffer[3] {};
+
+        CardEntry *current_card = nullptr;
+
+        std::string search_filter = "";
+        std::string search_filter_in_lower_case = "";
+
+        void config_load();
+        void config_save();
+
+        void generate_search_string(CardEntry *card);
+        void generate_random_color();
+
+        void build_card();
+        void open_card_editor();
+        void build_card_editor();
+        void build_card_list();
+        void build_footer();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/config.cpp b/overlay/windows/config.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c04ddb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/config.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2605 @@
+#include "config.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <shellapi.h>
+#include <commdlg.h>
+
+#include "build/defs.h"
+#include "build/resource.h"
+#include "cfg/config.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "external/imgui/imgui_internal.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+#include "rawinput/piuio.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "rawinput/touch.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/resutils.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    const auto PROJECT_URL = "https://spice2x.github.io";
+
+    Config::Config(overlay::SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Configuration";
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleConfig;
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(800, 600);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(100, 200);
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(0, 0);
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && cfg::CONFIGURATOR_TYPE == cfg::ConfigType::Config) {
+            this->active = true;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration;
+        }
+        this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_MenuBar;
+
+        // build game list
+        auto &game_names = games::get_games();
+        for (auto &game_name : game_names) {
+            this->games_names.push_back(game_name.c_str());
+            auto &game = this->games_list.emplace_back(game_name);
+            auto buttons = games::get_buttons(game_name);
+            auto analogs = games::get_analogs(game_name);
+            auto lights = games::get_lights(game_name);
+            if (buttons) {
+                for (auto &item : *buttons) {
+                    game.addItems(item);
+                }
+            }
+            if (analogs) {
+                for (auto &item : *analogs) {
+                    game.addItems(item);
+                }
+            }
+            if (lights) {
+                for (auto &item : *lights) {
+                    game.addItems(item);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // default to currently running game
+            if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && game_name == eamuse_get_game()) {
+                this->games_selected = games_list.size() - 1;
+                this->games_selected_name = game_name;
+            }
+
+            // standalone configurator should look for file hints
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                auto file_hints = games::get_game_file_hints(game_name);
+                if (file_hints) {
+                    for (auto &file_hint : *file_hints) {
+                        if (fileutils::file_exists(file_hint) ||
+                            fileutils::file_exists(std::filesystem::path("modules") / file_hint) ||
+                            fileutils::file_exists(std::filesystem::path("contents") / file_hint) ||
+                            fileutils::file_exists(MODULE_PATH / file_hint))
+                        {
+                            this->games_selected = games_list.size() - 1;
+                            this->games_selected_name = game_name;
+                            eamuse_set_game(game_name);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // configurator fallback to detected game name
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && this->games_selected == -1) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < games_names.size(); i++) {
+                if (games_names[i] == eamuse_get_game()) {
+                    this->games_selected = i;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add games to the config and window
+        auto &config = ::Config::getInstance();
+        for (auto &game : games_list) {
+            config.addGame(game);
+
+            if (!config.getStatus()) {
+                log_warning("config", "failure adding game: {}", game.getGameName());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // read card numbers
+        read_card();
+    }
+
+    Config::~Config() {
+    }
+
+    void Config::inc_buttons_many_index(int index_max) {
+        if (this->buttons_many_index == index_max) {
+            this->buttons_many_index = -1;
+        } else {
+            this->buttons_many_index += 1;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Config::read_card(int player) {
+
+        // check if a game is selected
+        if (this->games_selected_name.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // iterate bindings
+        auto bindings = ::Config::getInstance().getKeypadBindings(this->games_selected_name);
+        for (int p = 0; p < 2; ++p) {
+            if (player < 0 || player == p) {
+
+                // get path
+                std::filesystem::path path;
+                if (!bindings.card_paths[p].empty()) {
+                    path = bindings.card_paths[p];
+                } else {
+                    path = p > 0 ? "card1.txt" : "card0.txt";
+                }
+
+                // open file
+                std::ifstream f(path);
+                if (!f || !f.is_open()) {
+                    this->keypads_card_number[p][0] = 0;
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get file size
+                f.seekg(0, f.end);
+                auto length = (size_t) f.tellg();
+                f.seekg(0, f.beg);
+
+                // read file contents
+                f.read(this->keypads_card_number[p], 16);
+                this->keypads_card_number[p][length < 16 ? length : 16] = 0;
+                f.close();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Config::write_card(int player) {
+
+        // get path
+        auto bindings = ::Config::getInstance().getKeypadBindings(this->games_selected_name);
+        std::filesystem::path path;
+        if (!bindings.card_paths[player].empty()) {
+            path = bindings.card_paths[player];
+        } else {
+            path = player > 0 ? "card1.txt" : "card0.txt";
+        }
+
+        // write file
+        std::ofstream f(path);
+        if (f) {
+            f.write(this->keypads_card_number[player], strlen(this->keypads_card_number[player]));
+            f.close();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_content() {
+
+        // if standalone then fullscreen window
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            ImGui::SetWindowPos(ImVec2(0, 0));
+            ImGui::SetWindowSize(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize);
+        }
+
+        // toolbar/menu
+        int previous_games_selected = this->games_selected;
+        this->build_menu(&this->games_selected);
+
+        // remember selected game name
+        if (this->games_selected >= 0 && this->games_selected < (int) games_list.size()) {
+            this->games_selected_name = games_list.at(games_selected).getGameName();
+
+            // standalone configurator applies selected game
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                eamuse_set_game(games_selected_name);
+            }
+
+        } else {
+
+            // invalid selection
+            this->games_selected_name = "";
+        }
+
+        // display launcher if no game is selected
+        if (this->games_selected_name.empty()) {
+            this->build_launcher();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // selected game changed
+        if (previous_games_selected != this->games_selected) {
+            read_card();
+        }
+
+        // tab selection
+        auto tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_INVALID;
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabBar("Config Tabs", ImGuiTabBarFlags_NoCloseWithMiddleMouseButton)) {
+            const int page_offset = cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE ? 88 : 106;
+            const int page_offset2 = cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE ? 65 : 83;
+
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Buttons")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_BUTTONS;
+                ImGui::BeginChild("Buttons", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset), false);
+
+                // game buttons
+                this->build_buttons("Game", games::get_buttons(this->games_selected_name));
+
+                // keypad buttons
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+                if (this->games_selected_name == "Beatmania IIDX") {
+                    ImGui::SetCursorPosX(ImGui::GetCursorPosX() + 8);
+                    ImGui::TextColored(
+                        ImVec4(1, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.f),
+                        "WARNING: Lightning Model (TDJ) I/O will ignore the keypad!");
+                    ImGui::SetCursorPosX(ImGui::GetCursorPosX() + 8);
+                    ImGui::TextWrapped(
+                        "Use Toggle Sub Screen button to show the overlay and use your mouse, "
+                        "connect using SpiceCompanion app, or connect a touch screen to enter "
+                        "the PIN.");
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+                }
+                auto keypad_buttons = games::get_buttons_keypads(this->games_selected_name);
+                auto keypad_count = eamuse_get_game_keypads_name();
+                if (keypad_count == 1) {
+                    this->build_buttons("Keypad", keypad_buttons,
+                                        0, games::KeypadButtons::Size - 1);
+                } else if (keypad_count >= 2) {
+                    this->build_buttons("Keypad", keypad_buttons);
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+
+                // page selector
+                this->build_page_selector(&this->buttons_page);
+
+                // bind many
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Checkbox("Bind Many", &buttons_many_active)) {
+                    buttons_many_index = -1;
+                    buttons_many_delay = 0;
+                }
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::HelpMarker("Immediately query for the next button after binding one.");
+
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Analogs")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_ANALOGS;
+                ImGui::BeginChild("Analogs", ImVec2(
+                    0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset2), false);
+                this->build_analogs("Game", games::get_analogs(this->games_selected_name));
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Overlay")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_OVERLAY;
+                ImGui::BeginChild("Overlay", ImVec2(
+                    0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset), false);
+
+                // overlay buttons
+                this->build_buttons("Overlay", games::get_buttons_overlay(this->games_selected_name));
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+
+                // page selector
+                this->build_page_selector(&this->buttons_page);
+
+                // standalone configurator extras
+                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::Checkbox("Enable Overlay in Config", &OVERLAY->hotkeys_enable);
+                }
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Lights")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_LIGHTS;
+                ImGui::BeginChild("Lights", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset), false);
+                this->build_lights("Game", games::get_lights(this->games_selected_name));
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+                this->build_page_selector(&this->lights_page);
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Cards")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_CARDS;
+                ImGui::BeginChild("Cards", ImVec2(
+                    0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset2), false);
+                this->build_cards();
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Patches")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_PATCHES;
+
+                // initialization
+                static std::once_flag initialized;
+                static bool failure = false;
+                std::call_once(initialized, [this] {
+                    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+
+                        // verify game is set, otherwise set failure flag
+                        if (strlen(avs::game::MODEL) != 3
+                        || (strlen(avs::game::DEST) != 1)
+                        || (strlen(avs::game::SPEC) != 1)
+                        || (strlen(avs::game::REV) != 1)
+                        || (strlen(avs::game::EXT) != 10)
+                        || (strcmp(avs::game::MODEL, "000") == 0)
+                        || (strcmp(avs::game::EXT, "0000000000") == 0)) {
+                            failure = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+
+                // display tab contents
+                ImGui::BeginChild("Patches", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset2), false);
+                if (failure) {
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(0.7f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f),
+                            "Unable to detect the game version.\n"
+                            "Try to open Patch Manager using the game overlay.");
+                } else {
+
+                    // allocate patch manager
+                    if (!patch_manager) {
+                        patch_manager.reset(new PatchManager(overlay));
+                    }
+
+                    // display patch manager
+                    this->patch_manager->build_content();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("API")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_API;
+
+                // API options list
+                ImGui::BeginChild("ApiTab", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset2), false);
+                auto options = games::get_options(this->games_selected_name);
+                for (auto category : launcher::get_categories(launcher::Options::OptionsCategory::API)) {
+                    this->build_options(options, category);
+                }
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Options")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_OPTIONS;
+
+                // options list
+                ImGui::BeginChild("Options", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset), false);
+                auto options = games::get_options(this->games_selected_name);
+                for (auto category : launcher::get_categories(launcher::Options::OptionsCategory::Basic)) {
+                    this->build_options(options, category);
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+
+                // hidden options checkbox
+                ImGui::Checkbox("Show Hidden Options", &this->options_show_hidden);
+                if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && this->options_dirty) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Restart Game")) {
+                        launcher::restart();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::HelpMarker("You need to restart the game to apply the changed settings.");
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Advanced")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_ADVANCED;
+
+                // advanced options list
+                ImGui::BeginChild("AdvancedOptions", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset), false);
+                auto options = games::get_options(this->games_selected_name);
+                for (auto category : launcher::get_categories(launcher::Options::OptionsCategory::Advanced)) {
+                    this->build_options(options, category);
+                }
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+
+                // hidden options checkbox
+                ImGui::Checkbox("Show Hidden Options", &this->options_show_hidden);
+                if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && this->options_dirty) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Restart Game")) {
+                        launcher::restart();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::HelpMarker("You need to restart the game to apply the changed settings.");
+                }
+
+                // reset configuration button
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Reset Configuration")) {
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup("Reset Config");
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Reset Config", nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.f),
+                            "Do you really want to reset your configuration for all games?\n"
+                            "Warning: This can't be reverted!");
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Yes")) {
+                        ::Config::getInstance().createConfigFile();
+                        launcher::restart();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Nope")) {
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Development")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_DEV;
+
+                // dev options list
+                ImGui::BeginChild("DevOptions", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset), false);
+                auto options = games::get_options(this->games_selected_name);
+                for (auto category : launcher::get_categories(launcher::Options::OptionsCategory::Dev)) {
+                    this->build_options(options, category);
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+
+                // hidden options checkbox
+                ImGui::Checkbox("Show Hidden Options", &this->options_show_hidden);
+                if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && this->options_dirty) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Restart Game")) {
+                        launcher::restart();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::HelpMarker("You need to restart the game to apply the changed settings.");
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Search")) {
+                tab_selected_new = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_SEARCH;
+
+                ImGui::BeginChild("SearchOptions", ImVec2(
+                        0, ImGui::GetWindowContentRegionMax().y - page_offset), false);
+                        
+                // search from all options
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(420.f);
+                if (ImGui::InputTextWithHint(
+                        "", "Type here to search in options..", &this->search_filter,
+                        ImGuiInputTextFlags_EscapeClearsAll)) {
+                    this->search_filter_in_lower_case = strtolower(this->search_filter);
+                }
+                if (!this->search_filter.empty()) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                        this->search_filter.clear();
+                        this->search_filter_in_lower_case.clear();
+                    }
+                }
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+
+                // draw all options
+                auto options = games::get_options(this->games_selected_name);
+                if (!this->search_filter.empty()) {
+                    for (auto category : launcher::get_categories(launcher::Options::OptionsCategory::Everything)) {
+                        this->build_options(
+                            options,
+                            category,
+                            const_cast<std::string *>(&this->search_filter_in_lower_case));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+
+                // hidden options checkbox
+                ImGui::Checkbox("Show Hidden Options", &this->options_show_hidden);
+                if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && this->options_dirty) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Restart Game")) {
+                        launcher::restart();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::HelpMarker("You need to restart the game to apply the changed settings.");
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndTabItem();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTabBar();
+        }
+
+        // did tab selection change?
+        if (this->tab_selected != tab_selected_new) {
+            this->tab_selected = tab_selected_new;
+            this->buttons_page = 0;
+            this->lights_page = 0;
+            buttons_many_active = false;
+            buttons_many_index = -1;
+            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+        }
+
+        // disclaimer
+        ImGui::TextColored(
+                ImVec4(1, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.f),
+                "Do NOT stream or upload game data anywhere public! Support arcades when you can. Thanks.");
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_buttons(const std::string &name, std::vector<Button> *buttons, int min, int max) {
+        ImGui::Columns(3, "ButtonsColumns", true);
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "%s Button", name.c_str());
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Binding");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Actions");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker("Use 'Bind' to bind a button to a device using RawInput.\n"
+                          "Use 'Naive' for device independent binding using GetAsyncKeyState.");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // check if empty
+        if (!buttons || buttons->empty()) {
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+
+        // check buttons
+        if (buttons) {
+            int button_it_max = max < 0 ? buttons->size() - 1 : std::min((int) buttons->size() - 1, max);
+            for (int button_it = min; button_it <= button_it_max; button_it++) {
+                auto &button_in = buttons->at(button_it);
+
+                // get button based on page
+                auto button = &button_in;
+                auto &button_alternatives = button->getAlternatives();
+                if (this->buttons_page > 0) {
+                    while ((int) button_alternatives.size() < this->buttons_page) {
+                        button_alternatives.emplace_back(button->getName());
+                    }
+                    button = &button_alternatives.at(this->buttons_page - 1);
+                }
+
+                // get button info
+                ImGui::PushID(button);
+                auto button_name = button->getName();
+                auto button_display = button->getDisplayString(RI_MGR.get());
+                auto button_state = GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, *button);
+                auto button_velocity = GameAPI::Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, *button);
+
+                // list entry
+                bool style_color = false;
+                if (button_state == GameAPI::Buttons::State::BUTTON_PRESSED) {
+                    style_color = true;
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                } else if (button_display.empty()) {
+                    style_color = true;
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.f));
+                }
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                ImGui::Text("%s", button_name.c_str());
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                ImGui::Text("%s", button_display.empty() ? "None" : button_display.c_str());
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                if (style_color) {
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                }
+
+                // normal button binding
+                std::string bind_name = "Bind " + button_name;
+                if (ImGui::Button("Bind")
+                || (buttons_many_active && buttons_many_active_section == name && !buttons_bind_active
+                && !buttons_many_naive && buttons_many_index == button_it
+                && ++buttons_many_delay > 25)) {
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup(bind_name.c_str());
+                    buttons_bind_active = true;
+                    if (buttons_many_active) {
+                        buttons_many_delay = 0;
+                        buttons_many_index = button_it;
+                        buttons_many_naive = false;
+                        buttons_many_active_section = name;
+                    }
+
+                    // midi freeze
+                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(true);
+
+                    // reset updated devices
+                    RI_MGR->devices_get_updated();
+
+                    // remember start values in bind data
+                    for (auto device : RI_MGR->devices_get()) {
+                        switch (device.type) {
+                            case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+                                memcpy(device.mouseInfo->key_states_bind,
+                                        device.mouseInfo->key_states,
+                                        sizeof(device.mouseInfo->key_states_bind));
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case rawinput::HID: {
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < device.hidInfo->value_states.size(); i++)
+                                    device.hidInfo->bind_value_states[i] = device.hidInfo->value_states[i];
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case rawinput::MIDI: {
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < device.midiInfo->states.size(); i++)
+                                    device.midiInfo->bind_states[i] = device.midiInfo->states[i];
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < device.midiInfo->controls_precision.size(); i++)
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_precision_bind[i] =
+                                            device.midiInfo->controls_precision[i];
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < device.midiInfo->controls_single.size(); i++)
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_single_bind[i] = device.midiInfo->controls_single[i];
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < device.midiInfo->controls_onoff.size(); i++)
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_onoff_bind[i] = device.midiInfo->controls_onoff[i];
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal(bind_name.c_str(), NULL,
+                        ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+
+                    // modal content
+                    ImGui::Text("Please press any button.");
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Hint: Press ESC to cancel!");
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Cancel")) {
+                        RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                        buttons_bind_active = false;
+                        buttons_many_index = -1;
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                    } else {
+
+                        // iterate updated devices
+                        auto updated_devices = RI_MGR->devices_get_updated();
+                        for (auto device : updated_devices) {
+                            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*device->mutex);
+                            switch (device->type) {
+                                case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+                                    auto mouse = device->mouseInfo;
+                                    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(mouse->key_states_bind); i++) {
+                                        if (mouse->key_states[i] && !mouse->key_states_bind[i]
+                                        && !ImGui::IsItemHovered()) {
+
+                                            // bind key
+                                            button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                            button->setVKey(static_cast<unsigned short>(i));
+                                            button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                                            ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                    games_list[games_selected], *button, buttons_page - 1);
+                                            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                            buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                            inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                            RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                case rawinput::KEYBOARD: {
+                                    auto kb = device->keyboardInfo;
+                                    for (unsigned short vkey = 0; vkey < 1024; vkey++) {
+
+                                        // check if key is down
+                                        if (vkey != VK_NUMLOCK && kb->key_states[vkey]) {
+
+                                            // cancel on escape key
+                                            if (vkey == VK_ESCAPE) {
+                                                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                buttons_many_index = -1;
+                                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+
+                                            // bind key
+                                            button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                            button->setVKey(vkey);
+                                            button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                                            ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                    games_list[games_selected], *button, buttons_page - 1);
+                                            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                            buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                            inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                            RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                case rawinput::HID: {
+                                    auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+
+                                    // ignore touchscreen and digitizer button inputs
+                                    // digitizer has funky stuff like "Touch Valid" "Data Valid" always held high
+                                    if (!rawinput::touch::is_touchscreen(device) &&
+                                        hid->caps.UsagePage != 0x0D) {
+
+                                        // button caps
+                                        auto button_states_list = &hid->button_states;
+                                        size_t button_index = 0;
+                                        for (auto &button_states : *button_states_list) {
+                                            for (size_t i = 0; i < button_states.size(); i++) {
+
+                                                // check if button is down
+                                                if (button_states[i]) {
+
+                                                    // bind key
+                                                    button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                                    button->setVKey(static_cast<unsigned short>(button_index + i));
+                                                    button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                                                    ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                            games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                            buttons_page - 1);
+                                                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                    buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                    inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                                    RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                    break;
+                                                }
+                                            }
+                                            button_index += button_states.size();
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    // value caps
+                                    auto value_states = &hid->value_states;
+                                    auto bind_value_states = &hid->bind_value_states;
+                                    auto value_names = &hid->value_caps_names;
+                                    for (size_t i = 0; i < value_states->size(); i++) {
+                                        auto &state = value_states->at(i);
+                                        auto &bind_state = bind_value_states->at(i);
+                                        auto &value_name = value_names->at(i);
+
+                                        // check for valid axis names
+                                        if (value_name == "X" ||
+                                            value_name == "Y" ||
+                                            value_name == "Rx" ||
+                                            value_name == "Ry" ||
+                                            value_name == "Z")
+                                        {
+                                            // check if axis is in activation area
+                                            float normalized = (state - 0.5f) * 2.f;
+                                            float diff = std::fabs(state - bind_state);
+                                            if (std::fabs(normalized) > 0.9f && diff > 0.1f) {
+                                                auto bat = normalized > 0 ? BAT_POSITIVE : BAT_NEGATIVE;
+
+                                                // bind value
+                                                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                                button->setVKey(static_cast<unsigned short>(i));
+                                                button->setAnalogType(bat);
+                                                button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                                button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                        games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                        buttons_page - 1);
+                                                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                break;
+
+                                            } else if (diff > 0.3f) {
+                                                bind_state = state;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+
+                                        // hat switch
+                                        if (value_name == "Hat switch") {
+
+                                            // get hat switch values
+                                            ButtonAnalogType buffer[3], buffer_bind[3];
+                                            Button::getHatSwitchValues(state, buffer);
+                                            Button::getHatSwitchValues(bind_state, buffer_bind);
+
+                                            // check the first entry only
+                                            if (buffer[0] != BAT_NONE && buffer[0] != buffer_bind[0]) {
+
+                                                // bind value
+                                                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                                button->setVKey(static_cast<unsigned short>(i));
+                                                button->setAnalogType(buffer[0]);
+                                                button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                                button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                        games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                        buttons_page - 1);
+                                                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                case rawinput::MIDI: {
+                                    auto midi = device->midiInfo;
+
+                                    // iterate all 128 notes on 16 channels
+                                    for (unsigned short index = 0; index < 16 * 128; index++) {
+
+                                        // check if note is down
+                                        if (midi->states[index]) {
+
+                                            // check if it wasn't down before
+                                            if (!midi->bind_states[index]) {
+
+                                                // bind key
+                                                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                                button->setVKey(index);
+                                                button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                                                button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                                button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                        games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                        buttons_page - 1);
+                                                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+
+                                        } else {
+
+                                            // note was on when dialog opened, is now off
+                                            midi->bind_states[index] = false;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    // check precision controls
+                                    for (unsigned short index = 0; index < 16 * 32; index++) {
+                                        if (midi->controls_precision[index] > 0) {
+                                            if (midi->controls_precision_bind[index] == 0) {
+
+                                                // bind control
+                                                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                                button->setVKey(index);
+                                                button->setAnalogType(BAT_MIDI_CTRL_PRECISION);
+                                                button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                                button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                        games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                        buttons_page - 1);
+                                                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+                                        } else {
+                                            midi->controls_precision_bind[index] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    // check single controls
+                                    for (unsigned short index = 0; index < 16 * 44; index++) {
+                                        if (midi->controls_single[index] > 0) {
+                                            if (midi->controls_single_bind[index] == 0) {
+
+                                                // bind control
+                                                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                                button->setVKey(index);
+                                                button->setAnalogType(BAT_MIDI_CTRL_SINGLE);
+                                                button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                                button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                        games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                        buttons_page - 1);
+                                                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+                                        } else {
+                                            midi->controls_single_bind[index] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    // check on/off controls
+                                    for (unsigned short index = 0; index < 16 * 6; index++) {
+                                        if (midi->controls_onoff[index]) {
+                                            if (!midi->controls_onoff_bind[index]) {
+
+                                                // bind control
+                                                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                                button->setVKey(index);
+                                                button->setAnalogType(BAT_MIDI_CTRL_ONOFF);
+                                                button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                                button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                        games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                        buttons_page - 1);
+                                                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                                buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                                inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                                RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                                break;
+                                            }
+                                        } else {
+                                            midi->controls_onoff_bind[index] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    // check pitch bend down
+                                    if (midi->pitch_bend < 0x2000) {
+
+                                        // bind control
+                                        button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                        button->setVKey(0);
+                                        button->setAnalogType(BAT_MIDI_PITCH_DOWN);
+                                        button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                        button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                buttons_page - 1);
+                                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                        buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                        inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                        RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+
+                                    // check pitch bend up
+                                    if (midi->pitch_bend > 0x2000) {
+
+                                        // bind control
+                                        button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                        button->setVKey(0);
+                                        button->setAnalogType(BAT_MIDI_PITCH_UP);
+                                        button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                        button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                buttons_page - 1);
+                                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                        buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                        inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                        RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE: {
+                                    auto piuio_dev = device->piuioDev;
+
+                                    // iterate all PIUIO inputs
+                                    for (int i = 0; i < rawinput::PIUIO::PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_INPUTS; i++) {
+
+                                        // check for down event
+                                        if (piuio_dev->IsPressed(i) && !piuio_dev->WasPressed(i)) {
+
+                                            // bind key
+                                            button->setDeviceIdentifier(device->name);
+                                            button->setVKey(i);
+                                            button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                                            button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                            button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                            ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                    games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                    buttons_page - 1);
+                                            ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                            buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                            inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                            RI_MGR->devices_midi_freeze(false);
+                                            break;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                                default:
+                                    break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // clean up
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+
+                // naive binding
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                std::string naive_string = "Naive " + button_name;
+                if (ImGui::Button("Naive")
+                || (buttons_many_active && buttons_many_active_section == name && !buttons_bind_active
+                    && buttons_many_naive && buttons_many_index == button_it
+                    && ++buttons_many_delay > 25)) {
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup(naive_string.c_str());
+                    if (buttons_many_active) {
+                        buttons_many_index = button_it;
+                        buttons_many_naive = true;
+                        buttons_many_delay = 0;
+                        buttons_many_active_section = name;
+                    }
+
+                    // grab current keyboard state
+                    for (unsigned short int i = 0x01; i < 0xFF; i++) {
+                        buttons_keyboard_state[i] = GetAsyncKeyState(i) != 0;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal(naive_string.c_str(), NULL,
+                        ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+                    buttons_bind_active = true;
+
+                    // modal content
+                    ImGui::Text("Please press any button.");
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Hint: Press ESC to cancel!");
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Cancel")) {
+                        buttons_bind_active = false;
+                        buttons_many_index = -1;
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                    } else {
+
+                        // get new keyboard state
+                        bool keyboard_state_new[sizeof(buttons_keyboard_state)];
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(keyboard_state_new); i++) {
+                            keyboard_state_new[i] = GetAsyncKeyState(i) != 0;
+                        }
+
+                        // detect key presses
+                        for (unsigned short int vKey = 0x01; vKey < sizeof(buttons_keyboard_state); vKey++) {
+
+                            // ignore num lock escape sequence
+                            if (vKey != VK_NUMLOCK) {
+
+                                // check for key press
+                                if (keyboard_state_new[vKey] && !buttons_keyboard_state[vKey]) {
+
+                                    // ignore escape
+                                    if (vKey != VK_ESCAPE && (vKey != VK_LBUTTON || !ImGui::IsItemHovered())) {
+
+                                        // bind key
+                                        button->setDeviceIdentifier("");
+                                        button->setVKey(vKey);
+                                        button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                                        button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                                games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                                buttons_page - 1);
+                                        inc_buttons_many_index(button_it_max);
+                                    } else {
+                                        buttons_many_index = -1;
+                                    }
+
+                                    buttons_bind_active = false;
+                                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // clean up
+                        memcpy(buttons_keyboard_state, keyboard_state_new, sizeof(buttons_keyboard_state));
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+
+                // edit button
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                std::string edit_name = "Edit " + button->getName();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Edit")) {
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup(edit_name.c_str());
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal(edit_name.c_str(), NULL, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+                    bool dirty = false;
+
+                    // binding
+                    ImGui::Text("Binding");
+
+                    // device identifier
+                    auto device_id = button->getDeviceIdentifier();
+                    if (device_id.empty()) device_id = "Empty (Naive)";
+                    if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Device Identifier", device_id.c_str())) {
+                        bool empty_selected = device_id == "Empty (Naive)";
+                        if (ImGui::Selectable("Empty (Naive)", empty_selected)) {
+                            button->setDeviceIdentifier("");
+                            dirty = true;
+                        }
+                        if (empty_selected) {
+                            ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                        }
+                        for (auto &device : RI_MGR->devices_get()) {
+                            bool selected = device_id == device.desc.c_str();
+                            if (ImGui::Selectable(device.desc.c_str(), selected)) {
+                                button->setDeviceIdentifier(device.desc);
+                                dirty = true;
+                            }
+                            if (selected) {
+                                ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ImGui::EndCombo();
+                    }
+
+                    // analog type
+                    auto bat = button->getAnalogType();
+                    if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Analog Type", ButtonAnalogTypeStr[bat])) {
+                        for (int i = 0; i <= 16; i++) {
+                            bool selected = (int) bat == i;
+                            if (ImGui::Selectable(ButtonAnalogTypeStr[i], selected)) {
+                                button->setAnalogType((ButtonAnalogType) i);
+                                dirty = true;
+                            }
+                            if (selected) {
+                                ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ImGui::EndCombo();
+                    }
+
+                    // virtual key
+                    int vKey = button->getVKey();
+                    if (ImGui::InputInt(device_id == "Empty (Naive)" ? "Virtual Key" : "Index", &vKey, 1, 1)) {
+                        button->setVKey(vKey);
+                    }
+                    if (ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit()) {
+                        dirty = true;
+                    }
+
+                    // preview
+                    if (!button_display.empty()) {
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted("\nPreview");
+                        ImGui::Separator();
+                        ImGui::Text("%s\n\n", button_display.c_str());
+                    } else {
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+                    }
+
+                    // options
+                    ImGui::Text("Options");
+
+                    // check for debounce
+                    auto device = RI_MGR->devices_get(button->getDeviceIdentifier());
+                    if (button->getDebounceUp() || button->getDebounceDown()
+                    || (device != nullptr && (
+                            device->type == rawinput::MOUSE ||
+                            device->type == rawinput::KEYBOARD ||
+                            (device->type == rawinput::HID && button->getAnalogType() == BAT_NONE)
+                    ))) {
+
+                        // debounce up
+                        auto debounce_up = button->getDebounceUp() * 1000;
+                        if (ImGui::InputDouble("Debounce Up (ms)", &debounce_up, 1, 1, "%.2f")) {
+                            debounce_up = std::max(0.0, debounce_up);
+                            button->setDebounceUp(debounce_up * 0.001);
+                        }
+                        if (ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit()) {
+                            dirty = true;
+                        }
+                        ImGui::SameLine();
+                        ImGui::HelpMarker("Time a button needs to be up to be detected as up.\n"
+                                          "Can solve micro switch issues with long notes for example.");
+
+                        // debounce down
+                        auto debounce_down = button->getDebounceDown() * 1000;
+                        if (ImGui::InputDouble("Debounce Down (ms)", &debounce_down, 1, 1, "%.2f")) {
+                            debounce_down = std::max(0.0, debounce_down);
+                            button->setDebounceDown(debounce_down * 0.001);
+                        }
+                        if (ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit()) {
+                            dirty = true;
+                        }
+                        ImGui::SameLine();
+                        ImGui::HelpMarker("Time a button needs to be down to be detected as down.\n"
+                                          "This setting will add noticable input lag.");
+                    }
+
+                    // invert
+                    bool invert = button->getInvert();
+                    if (ImGui::Checkbox("Invert", &invert)) {
+                        button->setInvert(invert);
+                        dirty = true;
+                    }
+
+                    // state display
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+                    ImGui::Text("State");
+                    ImGui::ProgressBar(button_velocity);
+
+                    // check if dirty
+                    if (dirty) {
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                games_list[games_selected], *button, buttons_page - 1);
+                    }
+
+                    // close button
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Save & Close")) {
+                        buttons_many_active = false;
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+
+                // clear button
+                if (button_display.size() > 0) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                        button->setDeviceIdentifier("");
+                        button->setVKey(0xFF);
+                        button->setAnalogType(BAT_NONE);
+                        button->setDebounceUp(0.0);
+                        button->setDebounceDown(0.0);
+                        button->setInvert(false);
+                        button->setLastState(GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED);
+                        button->setLastVelocity(0);
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                games_list[games_selected], *button,
+                                buttons_page - 1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // clean up
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns();
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_analogs(const std::string &name, std::vector<Analog> *analogs) {
+        ImGui::Columns(3, "AnalogsColumns", true);
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "%s Analog", name.c_str()); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Binding"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Actions"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // check if empty
+        if (!analogs || analogs->empty()) {
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+
+        // check analogs
+        if (analogs) {
+            for (auto &analog : *analogs) {
+
+                // get analog info
+                ImGui::PushID(&analog);
+                auto analog_name = analog.getName();
+                auto analog_display = analog.getDisplayString(RI_MGR.get());
+                auto analog_state = GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog);
+
+                // list entry
+                ImGui::ProgressBar(analog_state, ImVec2(32.f, 0));
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (analog_display.empty()) {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.f));
+                }
+                ImGui::Text("%s", analog_name.c_str());
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                ImGui::Text("%s", analog_display.empty() ? "None" : analog_display.c_str());
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                if (analog_display.empty()) {
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                }
+
+                // analog binding
+                if (ImGui::Button("Bind")) {
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup("Analog Binding");
+
+                    // get devices
+                    this->analogs_devices.clear();
+                    for (auto &device : RI_MGR->devices_get()) {
+                        switch (device.type) {
+                            case rawinput::MOUSE:
+                                this->analogs_devices.emplace_back(&device);
+                                break;
+                            case rawinput::HID:
+                                if (!device.hidInfo->value_caps_names.empty())
+                                    this->analogs_devices.emplace_back(&device);
+                                break;
+                            case rawinput::MIDI:
+                                this->analogs_devices.emplace_back(&device);
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // check if this is the current device
+                        if (device.name == analog.getDeviceIdentifier()) {
+                            analogs_devices_selected = this->analogs_devices.size() - 1;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Analog Binding", NULL,
+                        ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+
+                    // device selector
+                    auto analog_device_changed = ImGui::Combo(
+                        "Device",
+                        &this->analogs_devices_selected,
+                        [](void* data, int i, const char **item) {
+                            *item = ((std::vector<rawinput::Device*>*) data)->at(i)->desc.c_str();
+                            return true;
+                        },
+                        &this->analogs_devices, (int) this->analogs_devices.size());
+
+                    // obtain controls
+                    std::vector<std::string> control_names;
+                    std::vector<int> analogs_midi_indices;
+                    if (this->analogs_devices_selected >= 0) {
+                        auto device = this->analogs_devices.at(this->analogs_devices_selected);
+                        switch (device->type) {
+                            case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+
+                                // add X/Y axis and mouse wheel
+                                control_names.push_back("X");
+                                control_names.push_back("Y");
+                                control_names.push_back("Scroll Wheel");
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case rawinput::HID: {
+
+                                // add value names
+                                for (auto &analog_name : device->hidInfo->value_caps_names) {
+                                    control_names.push_back(analog_name);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case rawinput::MIDI: {
+
+                                // add pitch bend
+                                control_names.push_back("Pitch Bend");
+                                analogs_midi_indices.push_back(device->midiInfo->controls_precision.size()
+                                                               + device->midiInfo->controls_single.size()
+                                                               + device->midiInfo->controls_onoff.size()
+                                );
+
+                                // add precision values
+                                auto precision = device->midiInfo->controls_precision;
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < precision.size(); i++) {
+                                    if (device->midiInfo->controls_precision_set[i]) {
+                                        control_names.push_back("PREC 0x" + bin2hex((uint8_t) i));
+                                        analogs_midi_indices.push_back(i);
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                // add single values
+                                auto single = device->midiInfo->controls_single;
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < single.size(); i++) {
+                                    if (device->midiInfo->controls_single_set[i]) {
+                                        control_names.push_back("CTRL 0x" + bin2hex((uint8_t) i));
+                                        analogs_midi_indices.push_back(i + device->midiInfo->controls_precision.size());
+                                    }
+                                }
+
+                                // add onoff values
+                                auto onoff = device->midiInfo->controls_onoff;
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < onoff.size(); i++) {
+                                    if (device->midiInfo->controls_onoff_set[i]) {
+                                        control_names.push_back("ONOFF 0x" + bin2hex((uint8_t) i));
+                                        analogs_midi_indices.push_back(i
+                                                                       + device->midiInfo->controls_precision.size()
+                                                                       + device->midiInfo->controls_single.size());
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        // select the previously chosen value
+                        auto selected_control = 0;
+                        if (!analog_device_changed) {
+                            if (analogs_midi_indices.empty()) {
+                                selected_control = analog.getIndex();
+                            } else {
+                                for (size_t i = 0; i < analogs_midi_indices.size(); i++) {
+                                    if (analog.getIndex() == analogs_midi_indices.at(i)) {
+                                        selected_control = i;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            if (0 <= selected_control && selected_control < static_cast<int>(control_names.size())) {
+                                this->analogs_devices_control_selected = selected_control;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // controls
+                    ImGui::Combo("Control",
+                                 &this->analogs_devices_control_selected,
+                                 [](void* data, int i, const char **item) {
+                                     *item = ((std::vector<std::string>*) data)->at(i).c_str();
+                                     return true;
+                                 },
+                                 &control_names, control_names.size());
+
+                    // multiplier/sensitivity/deadzone
+                    if (this->analogs_devices_selected >= 0) {
+                        auto device = this->analogs_devices.at(this->analogs_devices_selected);
+                        if (device->type == rawinput::HID) {
+                            auto multiplier = analog.getMultiplier();
+                            int multiplier_index = 7; // 1:1
+                            if (multiplier < -1) {
+                                // turn -8 into [0], -2 into [6], and so on
+                                multiplier_index = multiplier + 8;
+                            } else if (1 < multiplier) {
+                                // turn 2 into [8], 8 into [14], etc
+                                multiplier_index = multiplier + 6;
+                            }
+                            const bool value_changed = ImGui::Combo(
+                                "Multiplier",
+                                &multiplier_index,
+                                "1/8\0" // [0]
+                                "1/7\0" // [1]
+                                "1/6\0" // [2]
+                                "1/5\0" // [3]
+                                "1/4\0" // [4]
+                                "1/3\0" // [5]
+                                "1/2\0" // [6]
+                                "1:1\0" // [7] <-- default
+                                "2x\0"  // [8]
+                                "3x\0"  // [9]
+                                "4x\0"  // [10]
+                                "5x\0"  // [11]
+                                "6x\0"  // [12]
+                                "7x\0"  // [13]
+                                "8x\0"  // [14]
+                                "\0");
+
+                            ImGui::SameLine();
+                            ImGui::HelpMarker("Apply a static integer multiplier or divisor to the input.");
+                            if (value_changed) {
+                                if (multiplier_index < 7) {
+                                    // turn [0] into -8, [6] to -2, etc
+                                    multiplier = multiplier_index - 8;
+                                } else if (7 < multiplier_index) {
+                                    // turn [8] to 2, [14] to 8, etc
+                                    multiplier = multiplier_index - 6;
+                                } else {
+                                    multiplier = 1;
+                                }
+                                analog.setMultiplier(multiplier);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (device->type == rawinput::MOUSE || device->type == rawinput::HID) {
+                            auto sensitivity = sqrtf(analog.getSensitivity());
+                            const bool value_changed =
+                                ImGui::SliderFloat("Sensitivity", &sensitivity, 0.f, 2.f, "%.3f");
+                            ImGui::SameLine();
+                            ImGui::HelpMarker(
+                                "Adjust floating point multiplier to relative movement.\n\n"
+                                "Value is squared before being multiplied (e.g., 1.44 is 2x sensitivity, 2.00 is 4x).\n\n"
+                                "Dependent on how often the game polls for input. Intended for angular input (knobs, turntables)");
+                            if (value_changed) {
+                                analog.setSensitivity(sensitivity * sensitivity);
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (device->type == rawinput::HID || device->type == rawinput::MIDI) {
+                            auto deadzone = analog.getDeadzone();
+                            const bool value_changed =
+                                ImGui::SliderFloat("Deadzone", &deadzone, -0.999f, 0.999f, "%.3f");
+                            if (value_changed) {
+                                analog.setDeadzone(deadzone);
+                            }
+                            ImGui::SameLine();
+                            ImGui::HelpMarker("Positive values specify a deadzone around the middle.\n"
+                                              "Negative values specify a deadzone from the minimum value.");
+
+                            // deadzone mirror
+                            bool deadzone_mirror = analog.getDeadzoneMirror();
+                            ImGui::Checkbox("Deadzone Mirror", &deadzone_mirror);
+                            ImGui::SameLine();
+                            ImGui::HelpMarker("Positive deadzone values cut off at edges instead.\n"
+                                              "Negative deadzone values cut off at maximum value instead.");
+                            if (deadzone_mirror != analog.getDeadzoneMirror()) {
+                                analog.setDeadzoneMirror(deadzone_mirror);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // invert axis
+                    bool invert = analog.getInvert();
+                    ImGui::Checkbox("Invert Axis", &invert);
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::HelpMarker("Flip the direction of analog input.");
+                    if (invert != analog.getInvert()) {
+                        analog.setInvert(invert);
+                    }
+                    
+                    if (this->analogs_devices_selected >= 0) {
+                        const auto device = this->analogs_devices.at(this->analogs_devices_selected);
+                        if (device->type == rawinput::HID) {
+                            // smoothing
+                            bool smoothing = analog.getSmoothing();
+                            ImGui::BeginDisabled(analog.isRelativeMode());
+                            ImGui::Checkbox("Smooth Axis (adds latency)", &smoothing);
+                            ImGui::SameLine();
+                            ImGui::HelpMarker(
+                                "Apply a moving average algorithm; intended for angular input (knobs, turntables). "
+                                "Adds a slight bit of latency to input as the algorithm averages out recent input. "
+                                "Only use in dire situations where the input is too jittery for the game.");
+                            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+                            if (smoothing != analog.getSmoothing()) {
+                                analog.setSmoothing(smoothing);
+                            }
+
+                            // relative input mode
+                            bool relative_analog = analog.isRelativeMode();
+                            ImGui::Checkbox("Relative Axis (experimental)", &relative_analog);
+                            ImGui::SameLine();
+                            ImGui::HelpMarker(
+                                "Use relative directional input instead of positional values.\n\n"
+                                "Can be used to translate analog sticks to knob input, for example.\n\n"
+                                "WARNING: speed depends on how often the game polls for input! "
+                                "Strongly recommended that you go into the game's test menu instead "
+                                "of adjusting in spicecfg.");
+                            if (relative_analog != analog.isRelativeMode()) {
+                                analog.setRelativeMode(relative_analog);
+                            }
+
+                            // delay buffer
+                            int delay = analog.getDelayBufferDepth();
+                            ImGui::InputInt("Delay (experimental)", &delay, 1, 10);
+                            if (ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit()) {
+                                delay = CLAMP(delay, 0, 256);
+                                analog.setDelayBufferDepth(delay);
+                            }
+                            ImGui::SameLine();
+                            ImGui::HelpMarker(
+                                "Adds a delay to input. This is poll-based, not time-based.\n\n"
+                                "WARNING: delay depends on how often the game polls for input! "
+                                "Strongly recommended that you go into the game's test menu instead "
+                                "of adjusting in spicecfg.");
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // current state
+                    ImGui::Separator();
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0.f, 1.f), "Preview");
+                    float value = GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog);
+                    ImGui::ProgressBar(value);
+
+                    // centered knob preview
+                    const float knob_size = 64.f;
+                    auto width = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail().x - knob_size;
+                    ImGui::SetCursorPosX(ImGui::GetCursorPosX() + (width / 2));
+                    ImGui::Knob(value, knob_size);
+
+                    // update analog
+                    if (analogs_devices_selected >= 0 && analogs_devices_selected < (int) analogs_devices.size()) {
+
+                        // update identifier on change
+                        auto identifier = this->analogs_devices.at(this->analogs_devices_selected)->name;
+                        if (identifier != analog.getDeviceIdentifier()) {
+                            analog.setDeviceIdentifier(identifier);
+                        }
+
+                        // update control
+                        if (this->analogs_devices_control_selected >= 0) {
+
+                            // MIDI devices have their own dynamic indices
+                            auto index = this->analogs_devices_control_selected;
+                            if (!analogs_midi_indices.empty()) {
+                                if (this->analogs_devices_control_selected < (int) analogs_midi_indices.size()) {
+                                    index = analogs_midi_indices[this->analogs_devices_control_selected];
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // update index on change
+                            if ((int) analog.getIndex() != index) {
+                                analog.setIndex(index);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // close button
+                    ImGui::Separator();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Save & Close")) {
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(games_list[games_selected], analog);
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                    }
+
+                    // clean up
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+
+                // clear analog
+                if (analog_display.size() > 0) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                        analog.clearBindings();
+                        analog.setLastState(0.f);
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                games_list[games_selected], analog);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // clean up
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns();
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_lights(const std::string &name, std::vector<Light> *lights) {
+        ImGui::Columns(3, "LightsColumns", true);
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Name"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Binding"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Actions"); ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker("Use 'Bind' to redirect cabinet light outputs to HID-compatible value output devices.");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // check if empty
+        if (!lights || lights->empty()) {
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+
+        // check lights
+        if (lights) {
+            for (auto &light_in : *lights) {
+
+                // get light based on page
+                auto light = &light_in;
+                auto &light_alternatives = light->getAlternatives();
+                if (this->lights_page > 0) {
+                    while ((int) light_alternatives.size() < this->lights_page) {
+                        light_alternatives.emplace_back(light->getName());
+                    }
+                    light = &light_alternatives.at(this->lights_page - 1);
+                }
+
+                // get light info
+                auto light_name = light->getName();
+                auto light_display = light->getDisplayString(RI_MGR.get());
+                auto light_state = GameAPI::Lights::readLight(RI_MGR, *light);
+
+                // list entry
+                if (light_display.empty()) {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(0.7f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.f));
+                }
+                ImGui::PushID(light);
+                ImGui::ProgressBar(light_state, ImVec2(32.f, 0));
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::Text("%s", light_name.c_str());
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                ImGui::Text("%s", light_display.empty() ? "None" : light_display.c_str());
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                if (light_display.empty()) {
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                }
+
+                // light binding
+                if (ImGui::Button("Bind")) {
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup("Light Binding");
+                    light->override_enabled = true;
+
+                    // get devices
+                    this->lights_devices.clear();
+                    for (auto &device : RI_MGR->devices_get()) {
+                        switch (device.type) {
+                            case rawinput::HID:
+                                if (!device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_list.empty()
+                                    || !device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_list.empty())
+                                    this->lights_devices.emplace_back(&device);
+                                break;
+                            case rawinput::SEXTET_OUTPUT:
+                            case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE:
+                            case rawinput::SMX_STAGE:
+                                this->lights_devices.emplace_back(&device);
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // check if this is the current device
+                        if (device.name == light->getDeviceIdentifier()) {
+                            this->lights_devices_selected = (int) this->lights_devices.size() - 1;
+                            this->lights_devices_control_selected = light->getIndex();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Light Binding", NULL,
+                        ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+
+                    // device selector
+                    bool control_changed = false;
+                    if (ImGui::Combo("Device",
+                                     &this->lights_devices_selected,
+                                     [] (void* data, int i, const char **item) {
+                                         *item = ((std::vector<rawinput::Device*>*) data)->at(i)->desc.c_str();
+                                         return true;
+                                     },
+                                     &this->lights_devices, (int) this->lights_devices.size())) {
+                        this->lights_devices_control_selected = 0;
+                        control_changed = true;
+                    }
+
+                    // obtain controls
+                    std::vector<std::string> control_names;
+                    if (lights_devices_selected >= 0 && lights_devices_selected < (int) lights_devices.size()) {
+                        auto device = lights_devices[lights_devices_selected];
+                        switch (device->type) {
+                            case rawinput::HID: {
+                                size_t index = 0;
+
+                                // add button names
+                                for (auto &button_name : device->hidInfo->button_output_caps_names) {
+
+                                    // build name
+                                    std::string name = button_name;
+                                    if (index > 0xFF)
+                                        name += " (0x" + bin2hex(&((char*) &index)[1], 1) + bin2hex(&((char*) &index)[0], 1) + ")";
+                                    else
+                                        name += " (0x" + bin2hex(&((char*) &index)[0], 1) + ")";
+
+                                    // add name
+                                    control_names.push_back(name);
+                                    index++;
+                                }
+
+                                // add value names
+                                for (auto &value_name : device->hidInfo->value_output_caps_names) {
+
+                                    // build name
+                                    std::string name = value_name;
+                                    if (index > 0xFF)
+                                        name += " (0x" + bin2hex(&((char*) &index)[1], 1)
+                                                + bin2hex(&((char*) &index)[0], 1)
+                                                + ", value cap)";
+                                    else
+                                        name += " (0x" + bin2hex(&((char*) &index)[0], 1) + ", value cap)";
+
+                                    // add name
+                                    control_names.push_back(name);
+                                    index++;
+                                }
+
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case rawinput::SEXTET_OUTPUT: {
+
+                                // add all names of sextet device
+                                for (int i = 0; i < rawinput::SextetDevice::LIGHT_COUNT; i++) {
+                                    std::string name(rawinput::SextetDevice::LIGHT_NAMES[i]);
+
+                                    // add name
+                                    control_names.push_back(name);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE: {
+
+                                // add all names of PIUIO device
+                                for (int i = 0; i < rawinput::PIUIO::PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_LIGHTS; i++) {
+                                    std::string name(rawinput::PIUIO::LIGHT_NAMES[i]);
+
+                                    // add name
+                                    control_names.push_back(name);
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            case rawinput::SMX_STAGE: {
+
+                                // add all names of SMX device
+                                for (int i = 0; i < rawinput::SmxStageDevice::TOTAL_LIGHT_COUNT; i++) {
+                                    control_names.push_back(rawinput::SmxStageDevice::GetLightNameByIndex(i));
+                                }
+                            }
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // controls
+                    if (ImGui::Combo("Light Control",
+                                 &this->lights_devices_control_selected,
+                                 [] (void* data, int i, const char **item) {
+                                     *item = ((std::vector<std::string> *) data)->at(i).c_str();
+                                     return true;
+                                 },
+                                 &control_names, control_names.size())) {
+                        control_changed = true;
+                    }
+
+                    // update light
+                    if (lights_devices_selected >= 0 && lights_devices_selected < (int) lights_devices.size()) {
+                        auto identifier = this->lights_devices[lights_devices_selected]->name;
+                        if (identifier != light->getDeviceIdentifier()) {
+                            light->setDeviceIdentifier(identifier);
+                            ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                    games_list[games_selected], *light,
+                                    lights_page - 1);
+                        }
+                        if (this->lights_devices_control_selected >= 0) {
+                            if ((int) light->getIndex() != this->lights_devices_control_selected) {
+                                light->setIndex(this->lights_devices_control_selected);
+                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                        games_list[games_selected], *light,
+                                        lights_page - 1);
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // value preview
+                    ImGui::Separator();
+                    float value_orig = GameAPI::Lights::readLight(RI_MGR, *light);
+                    float value = value_orig;
+                    ImGui::SliderFloat("Preview", &value, 0.f, 1.f);
+
+                    // manual button controls
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Turn On")) {
+                        value = 1.f;
+                    }
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Turn Off")) {
+                        value = 0.f;
+                    }
+
+                    // manual lock
+                    if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                        ImGui::SameLine();
+                        ImGui::Checkbox("Lock", &light->override_enabled);
+                    }
+
+                    // apply new value
+                    if (value != value_orig || control_changed) {
+                        if (light->override_enabled) {
+                            light->override_state = value;
+                        }
+                        auto ident = light->getDeviceIdentifier();
+                        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR->devices_get(ident), light->getIndex(), value);
+                        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+                    }
+
+                    // close button
+                    ImGui::Separator();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Close")) {
+                        ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                        light->override_enabled = false;
+                    }
+
+                    // clean up
+                    ImGui::EndPopup();
+                }
+
+                // clear light
+                if (light_display.size() > 0) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                        light->setDeviceIdentifier("");
+                        light->setIndex(0xFF);
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(
+                                games_list[games_selected], *light,
+                                lights_page - 1);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // clean up
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+        }
+        ImGui::Columns();
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_cards() {
+
+        // early quit
+        if (this->games_selected < 0 || this->games_selected_name.empty()) {
+            ImGui::Text("Please select a game first.");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get bindings and copy paths
+        auto game = games_list[games_selected];
+        auto bindings = ::Config::getInstance().getKeypadBindings(this->games_selected_name);
+        bool bindings_updated = false;
+        for (int player = 0; player < 2; player++) {
+            strncpy(this->keypads_card_path[player],
+                    bindings.card_paths[player].string().c_str(),
+                    sizeof(this->keypads_card_path[0]) - 1);
+            this->keypads_card_path[player][sizeof(this->keypads_card_path[0]) - 1] = '\0';
+        }
+
+        // card settings for each player
+        for (int player = 0; player < 2; player++) {
+
+            // custom ID and title
+            ImGui::PushID(("KeypadP" + to_string(player)).c_str());
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Player %i", player + 1);
+
+            // card path
+            std::string hint = "card" + to_string(player) + ".txt";
+            if (ImGui::InputTextWithHint("Card Path", hint.c_str(),
+                    this->keypads_card_path[player], sizeof(this->keypads_card_path[0]) - 1))
+            {
+                bindings.card_paths[player] = this->keypads_card_path[player];
+                bindings_updated = true;
+            }
+
+            // help marker
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Leave this empty to use the card file in your game directory.\n"
+                              "Hint: You can place 'card0.txt' (P1) / 'card1.txt' (P2) into the root of your USB "
+                              "flash drive and it will trigger a card insert when you connect it!");
+
+            // card path file selector
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Open...")) {
+
+                // standalone version opens native file browser
+                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && !keypads_card_select) {
+
+                    // run in separate thread otherwise we get a crash
+                    keypads_card_select_done = false;
+                    keypads_card_select = new std::thread([this, bindings, player, game] {
+
+                        // open dialog to get path
+                        auto ofn_path = std::make_unique<wchar_t[]>(512);
+                        OPENFILENAMEW ofn {};
+                        memset(&ofn, 0, sizeof(ofn));
+                        ofn.lStructSize = sizeof(ofn);
+                        ofn.hwndOwner = nullptr;
+                        ofn.lpstrFilter = L"";
+                        ofn.lpstrFile = ofn_path.get();
+                        ofn.nMaxFile = 512;
+                        ofn.Flags = OFN_EXPLORER;
+                        ofn.lpstrDefExt = L"txt";
+
+                        // check for success
+                        if (GetSaveFileNameW(&ofn)) {
+
+                            // update card path
+                            auto new_bindings = bindings;
+                            new_bindings.card_paths[player] = std::filesystem::path(ofn_path.get());
+                            ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(game, new_bindings);
+                            eamuse_update_keypad_bindings();
+
+                            read_card(player);
+                        } else {
+                            auto error = CommDlgExtendedError();
+                            if (error) {
+                                log_warning("cfg", "failed to get save file name: {}", error);
+                            } else {
+                                log_warning("cfg", "failed to get save file name");
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // clean up
+                        keypads_card_select_done = true;
+                    });
+                }
+
+                // in-game version opens ImGui file browser
+                if (!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && !this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].IsOpened()) {
+                    this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].SetTitle("Card Select");
+                    this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].SetTypeFilters({".txt", "*"});
+                    // this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].flags_ |= ImGuiFileBrowserFlags_EnterNewFilename;
+                    this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].Open();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // clear button
+            if (!bindings.card_paths[player].empty()) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                    bindings.card_paths[player] = "";
+                    bindings_updated = true;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // verify card number
+            auto card_valid = true;
+            if (this->keypads_card_number[player][0] != 0) {
+                for (int n = 0; n < 16; n++) {
+                    char c = this->keypads_card_number[player][n];
+                    bool digit = c >= '0' && c <= '9';
+                    bool character_big = c >= 'A' && c <= 'F';
+                    bool character_small = c >= 'a' && c <= 'f';
+                    if (!digit && !character_big && !character_small) {
+                        card_valid = false;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // card number box
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text,
+                                  card_valid ? ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f) :
+                                  ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+            ImGui::InputTextWithHint("Card Number", "E004010000000000",
+                    this->keypads_card_number[player], sizeof(this->keypads_card_number[0]) - 1,
+                    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal);
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+
+            // write card after edit
+            if (ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit()) {
+                write_card(player);
+                read_card(1 - player);
+            }
+
+            // help marker
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker(
+                "Click on Generate button to randomize a valid card number and automatically it save to specified file.");
+
+            // generate button
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Generate")) {
+                // don't know why this file insists on using 18 chars to store the card ID
+                char new_card[17];
+                generate_ea_card(new_card);
+                strcpy_s(this->keypads_card_number[player], new_card);
+                write_card(player);
+                read_card(1 - player);
+            }
+
+            // render card select browser
+            this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].Display();
+            if (this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].HasSelected()) {
+                auto selected = keypads_card_select_browser[player].GetSelected();
+                this->keypads_card_select_browser[player].ClearSelected();
+                bindings.card_paths[player] = selected;
+                bindings_updated = true;
+            }
+
+            // clean up thread when needed
+            if (keypads_card_select_done) {
+                keypads_card_select_done = false;
+                keypads_card_select->join();
+                delete keypads_card_select;
+                keypads_card_select = nullptr;
+            }
+
+            // clean up
+            ImGui::PopID();
+            ImGui::Separator();
+        }
+
+        // check for binding update and save
+        if (bindings_updated) {
+            ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(game, bindings);
+            eamuse_update_keypad_bindings();
+            read_card();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_options(
+        std::vector<Option> *options, const std::string &category, const std::string *filter) {
+        int options_count;  
+
+        ImGui::Columns(3, "OptionsColumns", true);
+        if (!category.empty() ) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), category.c_str());
+        } else if (filter != nullptr) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Search results");
+        } else {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Options");
+        }
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Parameter");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(
+            "These are the command-line parameters you can use in your .bat file to set the options.\n"
+            "Example: spice.exe -w -ea\n"
+            "         spice64.exe -api 1337 -apipass changeme");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Setting");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // iterate options
+        options_count = 0;
+        for (auto &option : *options) {
+            // get option definition
+            auto &definition = option.get_definition();
+
+            // check category
+            if (!category.empty() && definition.category != category) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // check hidden option
+            if (!this->options_show_hidden && option.value.empty()) {
+
+                // skip hidden entries
+                if (definition.hidden) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // check for game exclusivity
+                if (!definition.game_name.empty()) {
+                    if (definition.game_name != this->games_selected_name) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // filter
+            if (filter != nullptr) {
+                if (filter->empty()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!option.search_match(*filter)) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // limit to 30 results
+                if (30 < options_count) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+            }
+
+            options_count += 1;
+
+            // list entry
+            ImGui::PushID(&option);
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker(definition.desc.c_str());
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (option.is_active()) {
+                if (option.disabled || definition.disabled) {
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.4f, 0.f, 1.f), "%s", definition.title.c_str());
+                } else {
+                    ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0.f, 1.f), "%s", definition.title.c_str());
+                }
+            } else if (definition.hidden
+            || (!definition.game_name.empty() && definition.game_name != this->games_selected_name)) {
+                ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.f), "%s", definition.title.c_str());
+            } else if (definition.game_name == this->games_selected_name) {
+                ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(0.8f, 0, 0.8f, 1.f), "%s", definition.title.c_str());
+            } else {
+                ImGui::Text("%s", definition.title.c_str());
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            if (definition.display_name.empty()) {
+                ImGui::Text("-%s", definition.name.c_str());
+            } else {
+                ImGui::Text("-%s", definition.display_name.c_str());
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            if (option.disabled || definition.disabled) {
+                ImGui::PushItemFlag(ImGuiItemFlags_Disabled, true);
+                ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_Alpha, ImGui::GetStyle().Alpha * 0.5f);
+            }
+            switch (definition.type) {
+                case OptionType::Bool: {
+                    bool state = !option.value.empty();
+                    if (ImGui::Checkbox(state ? "ON" : "off", &state)) {
+                        this->options_dirty = true;
+                        option.value = state ? "/ENABLED" : "";
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(games_list[games_selected], option);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case OptionType::Integer: {
+                    char buffer[512];
+                    strncpy(buffer, option.value.c_str(), sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+                    buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
+                    auto digits_filter = [](ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data) {
+                        if ('0' <= data->EventChar && data->EventChar <= '9') {
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+                        return 1; // discard
+                    };
+
+                    const char *hint = definition.setting_name.empty() ? "Enter number..."
+                            : definition.setting_name.c_str();
+
+                    ImGui::InputTextWithHint(
+                        "", hint,
+                        buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
+                        ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter, digits_filter);
+                    // would like to use IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit but can't handle the case when window is closed while editing
+                    if (ImGui::IsItemEdited()) {
+                        this->options_dirty = true;
+                        option.value = buffer;
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(games_list[games_selected], option);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case OptionType::Hex: {
+                    char buffer[512];
+                    strncpy(buffer, option.value.c_str(), sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+                    buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
+                    auto digits_filter = [](ImGuiInputTextCallbackData* data) {
+                        if ('0' <= data->EventChar && data->EventChar <= '9') {
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+                        if ('a' <= data->EventChar && data->EventChar <= 'f') {
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+                        if ('A' <= data->EventChar && data->EventChar <= 'F') {
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+                        if (data->EventChar == 'x' || data->EventChar == 'X') {
+                            return 0;
+                        }
+                        return 1; // discard
+                    };
+                    const char *hint = definition.setting_name.empty() ? "Enter hex..."
+                            : definition.setting_name.c_str();
+
+                    ImGui::InputTextWithHint("", hint,
+                        buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1,
+                        ImGuiInputTextFlags_CallbackCharFilter, digits_filter);
+                    // would like to use IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit but can't handle the case when window is closed while editing
+                    if (ImGui::IsItemEdited()) {
+                        this->options_dirty = true;
+                        option.value = buffer;
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(games_list[games_selected], option);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case OptionType::Text: {
+                    char buffer[512];
+                    strncpy(buffer, option.value.c_str(), sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+                    buffer[sizeof(buffer) - 1] = '\0';
+
+                    const char *hint = definition.setting_name.empty() ? "Enter value..."
+                            : definition.setting_name.c_str();
+
+                    ImGui::InputTextWithHint("", hint, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - 1);
+                    // would like to use IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit but can't handle the case when window is closed while editing
+                    if (ImGui::IsItemEdited()) {
+                        this->options_dirty = true;
+                        option.value = buffer;
+                        ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(games_list[games_selected], option);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case OptionType::Enum: {
+                    std::string current_item = option.value_text();
+                    for (auto &element : definition.elements) {
+                        if (element.first == current_item) {
+                            current_item += fmt::format(" ({})", element.second);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (current_item.empty()) {
+                        current_item = "Default";
+                    }
+                    if (ImGui::BeginCombo("##combo", current_item.c_str(), 0)) {
+                        for (auto &element : definition.elements) {
+                            bool selected = current_item == element.first;
+                            std::string label = element.first;
+                            if (!element.second.empty()) {
+                                label += fmt::format(" ({})", element.second);
+                            }
+                            if (ImGui::Selectable(label.c_str(), selected)) {
+                                this->options_dirty = true;
+                                option.value = element.first;
+                                ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(games_list[games_selected], option);
+                            }
+                            if (selected) {
+                                ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ImGui::EndCombo();
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                default: {
+                    ImGui::Text("Unknown option type");
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // clear button
+            if (!option.disabled && !definition.disabled && option.is_active() && option.get_definition().type != OptionType::Bool) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                    this->options_dirty = true;
+                    option.value = "";
+                    ::Config::getInstance().updateBinding(games_list[games_selected], option);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // clean up disabled item flags
+            if (option.disabled || definition.disabled) {
+                ImGui::PopItemFlag();
+                ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            }
+
+            // disabled help
+            if (option.disabled && !definition.disabled) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::HelpMarker(
+                    "This option can not be edited because it was overriden by command-line options.\n"
+                    "Run spicecfg.exe to configure the options and then run spice(64).exe directly.");
+            }
+
+            // next item
+            ImGui::PopID();
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+            
+        // check if empty
+        if (options_count == 0) {
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextUnformatted("-");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Columns(1);
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_about() {
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(std::string(
+            "spice2x (a fork of SpiceTools)\r\n"
+            "=========================\r\n" +
+            to_string(VERSION_STRING)).c_str());
+
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+
+        if (ImGui::Button(PROJECT_URL)) {
+            launch_shell(PROJECT_URL, nullptr);
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("");
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(std::string(
+                resutil::load_file_string_crlf(IDR_README) +
+                "\r\n" +
+                "Changelog (Highlights):\r\n" +
+                resutil::load_file_string_crlf(IDR_CHANGELOG)).c_str());
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_licenses() {
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(resutil::load_file_string_crlf(IDR_LICENSES).c_str());
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_launcher() {
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("Please select a game!");
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::BeginChild("Launcher");
+        this->build_about();
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_page_selector(int *page) {
+
+        // left page selector
+        if (ImGui::Button("<")) {
+            *page = *page - 1;
+            if (*page < 0) {
+                *page = 99;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // page display and reset
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button(("Page " + to_string(*page)).c_str())) {
+            *page = 0;
+        }
+
+        // right page selector
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button(">")) {
+            *page = *page + 1;
+            if (*page > 99) {
+                *page = 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // help
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker("You can bind buttons/lights to multiple inputs/outputs "
+                          "at the same time using pages.");
+    }
+
+    void Config::launch_shell(LPCSTR app, LPCSTR file) {
+        // doing this on a separate thread to avoid polluting ImGui context
+        std::thread t([app, file] {
+            ShellExecuteA(NULL, "open", app, file, NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+        });
+        t.join();
+    }
+
+    void Config::build_menu(int *game_selected) {
+        bool about_popup = false;
+        bool licenses_popup = false;
+        bool shutdown_popup = false;
+        if (ImGui::BeginMenuBar()) {
+
+            // [spice2x]
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_TextDisabled, ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(!cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE);
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("[spice2x]")) {
+                launch_shell(PROJECT_URL, nullptr);
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            // game selector
+            ImGui::PushItemWidth(MIN(580, MAX(80, ImGui::GetWindowSize().x - 520)));
+            ImGui::Combo("##game_selector", game_selected, games_names.data(), (int)games_list.size());
+            ImGui::PopItemWidth();
+
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            // shortcuts
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Shortcuts", cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE)) {
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("USB Game Controllers")) {
+                    launch_shell("control.exe", "joy.cpl");
+                }
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Audio Playback Devices")) {
+                    launch_shell("control.exe", "mmsys.cpl,,0");
+                }
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Tablet PC Settings")) {
+                    launch_shell("explorer.exe", "shell:::{80F3F1D5-FECA-45F3-BC32-752C152E456E}");
+                }
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+            }
+
+            // popup menus
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("Licenses")) {
+                licenses_popup = true;
+            }
+            if (ImGui::MenuItem("About")) {
+                about_popup = true;
+            }
+
+            // power - only active in games
+            if (ImGui::BeginMenu("Power", !cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE)) {
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Restart Game")) {
+                    launcher::restart();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Exit Game")) {
+                    launcher::shutdown();
+                }
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                if (ImGui::MenuItem("Shutdown PC")) {
+                    shutdown_popup = true;
+                }
+                ImGui::EndMenu();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+            if (!avs::game::is_model("000")) {
+                ImGui::Text("%s", avs::game::get_identifier().c_str());
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+            ImGui::EndMenuBar();
+        }
+
+        // workaround for popups triggered by menu, see https://github.com/ocornut/imgui/issues/331
+        if (about_popup) {
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("About");
+        }
+        if (licenses_popup) {
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Licenses");
+        }
+        if (shutdown_popup) {
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("System");
+        }
+
+        // draw popups
+        {
+            // unused_open is needed for close button to appear on the popup
+            bool unused_open = true;
+
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal(
+                "System",
+                &unused_open,
+                ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize)) {
+
+                static bool force_shutdown = false;
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImGui::Checkbox("Force", &force_shutdown);
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+
+                const ImVec2 button_size(100.f, 0.f);
+
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Shutdown PC", button_size)) {
+                    this->shutdown_system(force_shutdown, false);
+                }
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Reboot PC", button_size)) {
+                    this->shutdown_system(force_shutdown, true);
+                }
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Cancel", button_size)) {
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+                ImGui::Spacing();
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+
+            const ImVec2 popup_size(
+                std::min(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * 0.9f, 800.f),
+                std::min(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y * 0.9f, 800.f));
+
+            const ImVec2 popup_pos(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - popup_size.x / 2,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2 - popup_size.y / 2);
+            
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(popup_size, ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(popup_pos, ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("About", &unused_open)) {
+                this->build_about();
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(popup_size, ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowPos(popup_pos, ImGuiCond_Appearing);
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Licenses", &unused_open)) {
+                this->build_licenses();
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Config::shutdown_system(bool force, bool reboot_instead) {
+        if (!acquire_shutdown_privs()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        UINT flags = 0;
+        if (force) {
+            flags |= EWX_FORCE;
+        }
+        if (reboot_instead) {
+            flags |= EWX_REBOOT;
+        } else {
+            flags |= EWX_SHUTDOWN | EWX_HYBRID_SHUTDOWN;
+        }
+        if (!ExitWindowsEx(flags, SHTDN_REASON_MAJOR_APPLICATION | SHTDN_REASON_MINOR_MAINTENANCE)) {
+            return;
+        }
+        launcher::shutdown(0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/config.h b/overlay/windows/config.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c8e65d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/config.h
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include "cfg/game.h"
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "rawinput/device.h"
+#include "external/imgui/imgui_filebrowser.h"
+#include "patch_manager.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    enum class ConfigTab {
+        CONFIG_TAB_INVALID,
+        CONFIG_TAB_BUTTONS,
+        CONFIG_TAB_ANALOGS,
+        CONFIG_TAB_OVERLAY,
+        CONFIG_TAB_LIGHTS,
+        CONFIG_TAB_CARDS,
+        CONFIG_TAB_PATCHES,
+        CONFIG_TAB_API,
+        CONFIG_TAB_OPTIONS,
+        CONFIG_TAB_ADVANCED,
+        CONFIG_TAB_DEV,
+        CONFIG_TAB_SEARCH,
+    };
+
+    class Config : public Window {
+    private:
+
+        // game selection
+        int games_selected = -1;
+        std::string games_selected_name = "";
+        std::vector<Game> games_list;
+        std::vector<const char *> games_names;
+
+        // tabs ui
+        ConfigTab tab_selected = ConfigTab::CONFIG_TAB_INVALID;
+
+        // buttons tab
+        int buttons_page = 0;
+        bool buttons_keyboard_state[0xFF];
+        bool buttons_bind_active = false;
+        bool buttons_many_active = false;
+        std::string buttons_many_active_section = "";
+        bool buttons_many_naive = false;
+        int buttons_many_delay = 0;
+        int buttons_many_index = -1;
+
+        void inc_buttons_many_index(int index_max);
+
+        // analogs tab
+        std::vector<rawinput::Device *> analogs_devices;
+        int analogs_devices_selected = -1;
+        int analogs_devices_control_selected = -1;
+
+        // lights tab
+        int lights_page = 0;
+        std::vector<rawinput::Device *> lights_devices;
+        int lights_devices_selected = -1;
+        int lights_devices_control_selected = -1;
+
+        // keypads tab
+        int keypads_selected[2] {};
+        char keypads_card_path[2][1024] {};
+        std::thread *keypads_card_select = nullptr;
+        bool keypads_card_select_done = false;
+        ImGui::FileBrowser keypads_card_select_browser[2];
+        char keypads_card_number[2][18] {};
+
+        // patches tab
+        std::unique_ptr<PatchManager> patch_manager;
+
+        // options tab
+        bool options_show_hidden = false;
+        bool options_dirty = false;
+        int options_category = 0;
+        std::string search_filter = "";
+        std::string search_filter_in_lower_case = "";
+
+    public:
+        Config(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~Config() override;
+
+        void read_card(int player = -1);
+        void write_card(int player);
+        void build_content() override;
+        void build_buttons(const std::string &name, std::vector<Button> *buttons,
+                int min = 0, int max = -1);
+        void build_analogs(const std::string &name, std::vector<Analog> *analogs);
+        void build_lights(const std::string &name, std::vector<Light> *lights);
+        void build_cards();
+        void build_options(
+            std::vector<Option> *options, const std::string &category, const std::string *filter=nullptr);
+        void build_about();
+        void build_licenses();
+        void build_launcher();
+        void launch_shell(LPCSTR app, LPCSTR file);
+
+        static void build_page_selector(int *page);
+        void build_menu(int *game_selected);
+        void shutdown_system(bool force, bool reboot_instead);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/control.cpp b/overlay/windows/control.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..717a58e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/control.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,987 @@
+#include <winsock2.h>
+
+#include "control.h"
+
+#include <csignal>
+
+#include <psapi.h>
+
+#include "acio/acio.h"
+#include "api/controller.h"
+#include "avs/core.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "build/resource.h"
+#include "cfg/analog.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+#include "external/imgui/imgui_memory_editor.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/iidx/io.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "util/cpuutils.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/netutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/peb.h"
+#include "util/resutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+#include "acio_status_buffers.h"
+#include "eadev.h"
+#include "wnd_manager.h"
+#include "midi.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    Control::Control(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "SpiceTools Control";
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize;
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleControl;
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(10, 10);
+        this->size_min.x = 300;
+    }
+
+    Control::~Control() {
+    }
+
+    void Control::build_content() {
+        top_row_buttons();
+        img_gui_view();
+
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        avs_info_view();
+        acio_view();
+        cpu_view();
+        graphics_view();
+        buttons_view();
+        analogs_view();
+        lights_view();
+        cards_view();
+        coin_view();
+        control_view();
+        api_view();
+        raw_input_view();
+        touch_view();
+        lcd_view();
+        about_view();
+        ddr_timing_view();
+        iidx_effectors_view();
+    }
+
+    void Control::top_row_buttons() {
+
+        // memory editor button
+        ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(-1.f);
+        if (ImGui::Button("Memory Editor")) {
+            this->memory_editor_open = true;
+        }
+
+        // memory editor window
+        if (this->memory_editor_open) {
+            static MemoryEditor memory_editor = MemoryEditor();
+            ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(600, 400), ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::Begin("Memory Editor", &this->memory_editor_open)) {
+
+                // draw filter
+                if (this->memory_editor_filter.Draw("Filter")) {
+                    memory_editor_modules.clear();
+                    memory_editor_names.clear();
+                    memory_editor_selection = -1;
+                }
+
+                // obtain modules
+                if (memory_editor_modules.empty()) {
+                    peb::obtain_modules(&memory_editor_modules);
+
+                    // extract names for combobox
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < memory_editor_modules.size();) {
+                        auto s = memory_editor_modules[i].first.c_str();
+
+                        // check if passes filter
+                        if (memory_editor_filter.PassFilter(s)) {
+                            memory_editor_names.emplace_back(s);
+                            i++;
+                        } else {
+                            memory_editor_modules.erase(memory_editor_modules.begin() + i);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // draw combo box
+                ImGui::Combo("DLL Selection",
+                        &memory_editor_selection,
+                        &memory_editor_names[0],
+                        static_cast<int>(memory_editor_names.size()));
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                if (memory_editor_selection >= 0) {
+                    HMODULE module = memory_editor_modules[memory_editor_selection].second;
+
+                    // get module information
+                    MODULEINFO module_info{};
+                    if (GetModuleInformation(
+                            GetCurrentProcess(),
+                            module,
+                            &module_info,
+                            sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+
+                        /*
+                         * unprotect memory
+                         * small hack: don't reset the mode since multiple pages with different modes are affected
+                         * they'd get overridden by the original mode of the first page
+                         */
+                        memutils::VProtectGuard guard(
+                                module_info.lpBaseOfDll,
+                                module_info.SizeOfImage,
+                                PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE,
+                                false);
+
+                        // draw memory editor
+                        memory_editor.DrawContents(
+                                module_info.lpBaseOfDll,
+                                module_info.SizeOfImage,
+                                (size_t) module_info.lpBaseOfDll);
+                    } else {
+                        ImGui::Text("Could not get module information");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    ImGui::Text("Please select a module");
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::End();
+        }
+
+        // EA-Dev
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("EA-Dev")) {
+            this->children.emplace_back(new EADevWindow(this->overlay));
+        }
+
+        // Window Manager
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Window Manager")) {
+            this->children.emplace_back(new WndManagerWindow(this->overlay));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::img_gui_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("ImGui")) {
+
+            // display size
+            ImGui::Text("Display Size: %dx%d",
+                    static_cast<int>(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x),
+                    static_cast<int>(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y));
+
+            // removed for size (along with setting IMGUI_DISABLE_DEMO_WINDOWS
+            // and IMGUI_DISABLE_DEBUG_TOOLS) - saves about 300kb in each
+            // binary
+
+            // metrics button
+            // this->metrics_open |= ImGui::Button("Metrics Window");
+            // if (this->metrics_open) {
+            //     ImGui::ShowMetricsWindow(&this->metrics_open);
+            // }
+
+            // demo button
+            // ImGui::SameLine();
+            // if (ImGui::Button("Demo Window")) {
+            //     this->demo_open = true;
+            // }
+            // if (this->demo_open) {
+            //     ImGui::ShowDemoWindow(&this->demo_open);
+            // }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::avs_info_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("AVS")) {
+
+            // game
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Game")) {
+                ImGui::BulletText("DLL Name: %s", avs::game::DLL_NAME.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("Identifier: %s", avs::game::get_identifier().c_str());
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            // core
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Core")) {
+                ImGui::BulletText("DLL Name: %s", avs::core::DLL_NAME.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("Version: %s", avs::core::VERSION_STR.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("%s", fmt::format("Heap Size: {}{}",
+                                  (uint64_t) avs::core::HEAP_SIZE,
+                                  avs::core::DEFAULT_HEAP_SIZE_SET ? " (Default)" : "").c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("Log Path: %s", avs::core::LOG_PATH.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("Config Path: %s", avs::core::CFG_PATH.c_str());
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            // EA3
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("EA3")) {
+                ImGui::BulletText("DLL Name: %s", avs::ea3::DLL_NAME.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("Version: %s", avs::ea3::VERSION_STR.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("Config Path: %s", avs::ea3::CFG_PATH.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("App Path: %s", avs::ea3::APP_PATH.c_str());
+                ImGui::BulletText("Services: %s", avs::ea3::EA3_BOOT_URL.c_str());
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::acio_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("ACIO")) {
+            ImGui::Columns(4, "acio_columns");
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("Name");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("Hook");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("Attached");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            for (auto &module : acio::MODULES) {
+                ImGui::PushID((void *) module);
+                ImGui::Text("%s", module->name.c_str());
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("%s", acio::hook_mode_str(module->hook_mode));
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::Text("%s", module->attached ? "true" : "false");
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                if (module->status_buffer && module->status_buffer_size) {
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Status")) {
+                        this->children.emplace_back(new ACIOStatusBuffers(overlay, module));
+                    }
+                }
+                ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                ImGui::PopID();
+            }
+            ImGui::Columns(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::cpu_view() {
+        auto cpu_load_values = cpuutils::get_load();
+        if (cpu_load_values.size() && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("CPU")) {
+
+            // print detected cores
+            ImGui::BulletText("Detected cores: %i", (int) std::thread::hardware_concurrency());
+
+            // make sure the temporary buffer has enough space
+            while (this->cpu_values.size() < cpu_load_values.size()) {
+                this->cpu_values.emplace_back(0.f);
+            }
+
+            // iterate cores
+            for (size_t cpu = 0; cpu < cpu_load_values.size(); cpu++) {
+
+                // update average
+                auto avg_load = MIN(MAX(this->cpu_values[cpu] +
+                        (cpu_load_values[cpu] - this->cpu_values[cpu]) * ImGui::GetIO().DeltaTime, 0), 100);
+                this->cpu_values[cpu] = avg_load;
+
+                // draw content
+                ImGui::BulletText("CPU #%i:", (int) cpu + 1);
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::ProgressBar(avg_load * 0.01f, ImVec2(64, 0));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::graphics_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Graphics")) {
+
+            // screenshot button
+            if (ImGui::Button("Take Screenshot")) {
+                graphics_screenshot_trigger();
+            }
+
+            // graphics information
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter ID: %lu",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.DeviceId);
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter Name: %s",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.DeviceName);
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter Revision: %lu",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.Revision);
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter SubSys ID: %lu",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.SubSysId);
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter Vendor ID: %lu",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.VendorId);
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter WQHL Level: %lu",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.WHQLLevel);
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter Driver: %s",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.Driver);
+            ImGui::BulletText("%s", fmt::format("D3D9 Adapter Driver Version: {}",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.DriverVersion.QuadPart).c_str());
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter Description: %s",
+                    overlay->adapter_identifier.Description);
+            ImGui::BulletText("D3D9 Adapter GUID: %s",
+                    guid2s(overlay->adapter_identifier.DeviceIdentifier).c_str());
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::buttons_view() {
+        auto buttons = games::get_buttons(eamuse_get_game());
+        if (buttons && !buttons->empty() && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Buttons")) {
+
+            // print each button state
+            for (auto &button : *buttons) {
+
+                // state
+                float state = GameAPI::Buttons::getVelocity(RI_MGR, button);
+                ImGui::ProgressBar(state, ImVec2(32.f, 0));
+
+                // mouse down handler
+                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) {
+                    if (ImGui::IsAnyMouseDown()) {
+                        button.override_state = GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED;
+                        button.override_velocity = 1.f;
+                        button.override_enabled = true;
+                    } else {
+                        button.override_enabled = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // mark overridden items
+                if (button.override_enabled) {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                }
+
+                // text
+                ImGui::SameLine(0.f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+                if (RI_MGR && button.isSet()) {
+                    ImGui::Text("%s [%s]",
+                                button.getName().c_str(),
+                                button.getDisplayString(RI_MGR.get()).c_str());
+                } else {
+                    ImGui::Text("%s", button.getName().c_str());
+                }
+
+                // pop override color
+                if (button.override_enabled) {
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::analogs_view() {
+        auto analogs = games::get_analogs(eamuse_get_game());
+        if (analogs && !analogs->empty() && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Analogs")) {
+
+            // print each button state
+            for (auto &analog : *analogs) {
+
+                // state
+                float state = GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog);
+                ImGui::ProgressBar(state, ImVec2(32.f, 0));
+
+                // mouse down handler
+                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) {
+                    if (ImGui::IsAnyMouseDown()) {
+                        analog.override_state = 1.f;
+                        analog.override_enabled = true;
+                    } else {
+                        analog.override_enabled = false;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // mark overridden items
+                if (analog.override_enabled) {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                }
+
+                // text
+                ImGui::SameLine(0.f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+                if (RI_MGR && analog.isSet()) {
+                    ImGui::Text("%s [%s]",
+                                analog.getName().c_str(),
+                                analog.getDisplayString(RI_MGR.get()).c_str());
+                } else {
+                    ImGui::Text("%s", analog.getName().c_str());
+                }
+
+                // pop override color
+                if (analog.override_enabled) {
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::lights_view() {
+        auto lights = games::get_lights(eamuse_get_game());
+        if (lights && !lights->empty() && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Lights")) {
+
+            // print each button state
+            for (auto &light : *lights) {
+
+                // state
+                float state = GameAPI::Lights::readLight(RI_MGR, light);
+                ImGui::ProgressBar(state, ImVec2(32.f, 0));
+
+                // mouse down handler
+                if (ImGui::IsItemHovered()) {
+                    if (ImGui::IsAnyMouseDown()) {
+                        light.override_state = 1.f;
+                        light.override_enabled = true;
+                    } else {
+                        light.override_enabled = false;
+                    }
+                    GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, light.last_state);
+                    RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+                }
+
+                // mark overridden items
+                if (light.override_enabled) {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                }
+
+                // text
+                ImGui::SameLine(0.f, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemInnerSpacing.x);
+                if (RI_MGR && light.isSet()) {
+                    ImGui::Text("%s [%s]",
+                                light.getName().c_str(),
+                                light.getDisplayString(RI_MGR.get()).c_str());
+                } else {
+                    ImGui::Text("%s", light.getName().c_str());
+                }
+
+                // pop override color
+                if (light.override_enabled) {
+                    ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::cards_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Cards")) {
+            ImGui::InputTextWithHint("Card ID", "E0040123456789AB",
+                    this->card_input,
+                    std::size(this->card_input),
+                    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsHexadecimal
+                    | ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsUppercase);
+            if (strlen(this->card_input) < 16) {
+                ImGui::Text("Please enter your card identifier...");
+            } else {
+                if (ImGui::Button("Insert P1")) {
+                    uint8_t card_data[8];
+                    if (hex2bin(this->card_input, card_data)) {
+                        eamuse_card_insert(0, card_data);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (eamuse_get_game_keypads() > 1) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (ImGui::Button("Insert P2")) {
+                        uint8_t card_data[8];
+                        if (hex2bin(this->card_input, card_data)) {
+                            eamuse_card_insert(1, card_data);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::coin_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Coins")) {
+            auto coinstock = eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+            ImGui::Text("Blocker: %s", eamuse_coin_get_block() ? "closed" : "open");
+            ImGui::Text("Coinstock: %i", coinstock);
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Add Coin")) {
+                eamuse_coin_add();
+            }
+            if (coinstock != 0) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Consume")) {
+                    eamuse_coin_consume_stock();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::control_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Control")) {
+
+            // launcher utils
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Launcher Utils")) {
+                if (ImGui::Button("Restart")) {
+                    launcher::restart();
+                }
+                if (ImGui::Button("Terminate")) {
+                    launcher::shutdown(0);
+                }
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            // signal triggers
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Signal Triggers")) {
+                if (ImGui::Button("Raise SIGABRT")) {
+                    ::raise(SIGABRT);
+                }
+                if (ImGui::Button("Raise SIGFPE")) {
+                    ::raise(SIGFPE);
+                }
+                if (ImGui::Button("Raise SIGILL")) {
+                    ::raise(SIGILL);
+                }
+                if (ImGui::Button("Raise SIGINT")) {
+                    ::raise(SIGINT);
+                }
+                if (ImGui::Button("Raise SIGSEGV")) {
+                    ::raise(SIGSEGV);
+                }
+                if (ImGui::Button("Raise SIGTERM")) {
+                    ::raise(SIGTERM);
+                }
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::api_view() {
+        if (API_CONTROLLER != nullptr && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("API")) {
+            std::vector<api::ClientState> client_states;
+            API_CONTROLLER->obtain_client_states(&client_states);
+
+            // show ip addresses
+            auto ip_addresses = netutils::get_local_addresses();
+            if (!ip_addresses.empty()) {
+                ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+                if (ImGui::TreeNode("Local IP-Addresses")) {
+                    for (auto &adr : ip_addresses) {
+                        ImGui::BulletText("%s", adr.c_str());
+                    }
+                    ImGui::TreePop();
+                    ImGui::Separator();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // client count
+            ImGui::Text("Connected clients: %u", (unsigned int) client_states.size());
+
+            // iterate clients
+            for (auto &client : client_states) {
+                auto address = API_CONTROLLER->get_ip_address(client.address);
+                if (ImGui::TreeNode(("Client @ " + address).c_str())) {
+                    if (client.password.empty()) {
+                        ImGui::Text("No password set.");
+                    } else {
+                        ImGui::Text("Password set.");
+                    }
+                    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Modules")) {
+                        for (auto &module : client.modules) {
+                            if (ImGui::TreeNode(module->name.c_str())) {
+                                ImGui::Text("Password force: %i", module->password_force);
+                                ImGui::TreePop();
+                            }
+                        }
+                        ImGui::TreePop();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::TreePop();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::raw_input_view() {
+        if (RI_MGR != nullptr && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("RawInput")) {
+
+            // midi control
+            if (ImGui::Button("MIDI-Control")) {
+                this->children.push_back(new MIDIWindow(this->overlay));
+            }
+
+            // device count
+            auto devices = RI_MGR->devices_get();
+            ImGui::Text("Devices detected: %u", (unsigned int) devices.size());
+
+            // iterate devices
+            for (auto &device : devices) {
+                if (ImGui::TreeNode(("#" + to_string(device.id) + ": " + device.desc).c_str())) {
+                    ImGui::Text("GUID: %s", device.info.guid_str.c_str());
+                    ImGui::Text("Output: %i", device.output_enabled);
+                    if (device.input_hz > 0 || device.input_hz_max > 0) {
+                        ImGui::Text("Input rate (cur): %.2fHz", device.input_hz);
+                        ImGui::Text("Input rate (max): %.2fHz", device.input_hz_max);
+                    }
+                    switch (device.type) {
+                        case rawinput::MOUSE: {
+                            auto mouse = device.mouseInfo;
+                            ImGui::Text("Type: Mouse");
+                            ImGui::Text("X: %ld", mouse->pos_x);
+                            ImGui::Text("Y: %ld", mouse->pos_y);
+                            ImGui::Text("Wheel: %ld", mouse->pos_wheel);
+
+                            // keys
+                            std::stringstream keys;
+                            keys << "[";
+                            for (auto key : mouse->key_states) {
+                                keys << (key ? "1," : "0,");
+                            }
+                            keys << "]";
+                            ImGui::Text("Keys: %s", keys.str().c_str());
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case rawinput::KEYBOARD: {
+                            auto keyboard = device.keyboardInfo;
+                            ImGui::Text("Type: Keyboard");
+
+                            // keys
+                            std::stringstream keys;
+                            keys << "[";
+                            for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(keyboard->key_states); i++) {
+                                if (keyboard->key_states[i]) {
+                                    keys << i << ",";
+                                }
+                            }
+                            keys << "]";
+                            ImGui::Text("Keys: %s", keys.str().c_str());
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case rawinput::HID: {
+                            auto hid = device.hidInfo;
+                            ImGui::Text("Type: HID");
+                            ImGui::Text("VID: %04X", hid->attributes.VendorID);
+                            ImGui::Text("PID: %04X", hid->attributes.ProductID);
+                            ImGui::Text("VER: %i", hid->attributes.VersionNumber);
+                            switch (hid->driver) {
+                                case rawinput::HIDDriver::PacDrive:
+                                    ImGui::Text("Driver: PacDrive");
+                                    break;
+                                default:
+                                    ImGui::Text("Driver: Default");
+                                    break;
+                            }
+
+                            // button states
+                            if (!hid->button_states.empty() && ImGui::TreeNode("Button States")) {
+                                size_t button_cap_name = 0;
+                                for (auto state_list : hid->button_states) {
+                                    for (auto state : state_list) {
+                                        ImGui::Text("%s: %i",
+                                                hid->button_caps_names[button_cap_name++].c_str(),
+                                                state ? 1 : 0);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                ImGui::TreePop();
+                            }
+
+                            // button output states
+                            if (!hid->button_output_states.empty() && ImGui::TreeNode("Button Output States")) {
+                                size_t button_output_cap_name = 0;
+                                for (auto state_list : hid->button_output_states) {
+                                    for (auto state : state_list) {
+                                        ImGui::Text("%s: %i",
+                                                hid->button_output_caps_names[button_output_cap_name++].c_str(),
+                                                state ? 1 : 0);
+                                    }
+                                }
+                                ImGui::TreePop();
+                            }
+
+                            // analog states
+                            if (!hid->value_states.empty() && ImGui::TreeNode("Analog States")) {
+                                size_t value_cap_name = 0;
+                                for (auto analog_state : hid->value_states) {
+                                    ImGui::Text("%s: %.2f",
+                                                hid->value_caps_names[value_cap_name++].c_str(),
+                                                analog_state);
+                                }
+                                ImGui::TreePop();
+                            }
+
+                            // analog output states
+                            if (!hid->value_output_states.empty() && ImGui::TreeNode("Analog Output States")) {
+                                size_t value_output_cap_name = 0;
+                                for (auto analog_state : hid->value_output_states) {
+                                    ImGui::Text("%s: %.2f",
+                                                hid->value_output_caps_names[value_output_cap_name++].c_str(),
+                                                analog_state);
+                                }
+                                ImGui::TreePop();
+                            }
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case rawinput::MIDI: {
+                            ImGui::Text("Type: MIDI");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case rawinput::SEXTET_OUTPUT: {
+                            ImGui::Text("Type: Sextet");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case rawinput::PIUIO_DEVICE: {
+                            ImGui::Text("Type: PIUIO");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case rawinput::DESTROYED: {
+                            ImGui::Text("Disconnected.");
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case rawinput::UNKNOWN:
+                        default:
+                            ImGui::Text("Type: Unknown");
+                    }
+                    ImGui::TreePop();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::touch_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Touch")) {
+
+            // status
+            ImGui::Text("Status: %s", is_touch_available() ? "available" : "unavailable");
+
+            // touch points
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Touch Points")) {
+
+                // get touch points
+                std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+                touch_get_points(touch_points);
+                for (auto &tp : touch_points) {
+
+                    // draw touch point
+                    ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+                    if (ImGui::TreeNode((void *) (size_t) tp.id, "TP #%lu", tp.id)) {
+                        ImGui::Text("X: %ld", tp.x);
+                        ImGui::Text("Y: %ld", tp.y);
+                        ImGui::TreePop();
+                    }
+                }
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::lcd_view() {
+        if (games::shared::LCD_ENABLED && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("LCD")) {
+            ImGui::Text("Enabled: %s", games::shared::LCD_ENABLED ? "true" : "false");
+            ImGui::Text("CSM: %s", games::shared::LCD_CSM.c_str());
+            ImGui::Text("BRI: %i", games::shared::LCD_BRI);
+            ImGui::Text("CON: %i", games::shared::LCD_CON);
+            ImGui::Text("RED: %i", games::shared::LCD_RED);
+            ImGui::Text("GREEN: %i", games::shared::LCD_GREEN);
+            ImGui::Text("BLUE: %i", games::shared::LCD_BLUE);
+            ImGui::Text("BL: %i", games::shared::LCD_BL);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::about_view() {
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("About")) {
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Changelog")) {
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                if (ImGui::BeginChild("changelog", ImVec2(400, 400))) {
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted(resutil::load_file_string(IDR_CHANGELOG).c_str());
+                }
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+            }
+            if (ImGui::TreeNode("Licenses")) {
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                if (ImGui::BeginChild("changelog", ImVec2(400, 400), false,
+                        ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar
+                        | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysHorizontalScrollbar)) {
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted(resutil::load_file_string(IDR_LICENSES).c_str());
+                }
+                ImGui::EndChild();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::ddr_timing_view() {
+        if (avs::game::is_model("MDX") && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("DDR Timing")) {
+
+            // patches
+            struct ddr_patch {
+                const char *ext;
+                const char *name;
+                const char *format;
+                int min;
+                int max;
+                size_t offset;
+                intptr_t offset_ptr = 0;
+            };
+
+            static struct ddr_patch PATCHES[] = {
+
+                    // patches for MDX-001-2019042200
+                    { "2019042200", "Sound Offset", "%d ms", 0, 1000, 0x1CCC5 },
+                    { "2019042200", "Render Offset", "%d ms", 0, 1000, 0x1CD0A },
+                    { "2019042200", "Input Offset", "%d ms", 0, 1000, 0x1CCE5 },
+                    { "2019042200", "Bomb Offset", "%d frames", 0, 10, 0x1CCC0 },
+                    { "2019042200", "SSQ Offset", "%d ms", -1000, 1000, 0x1CCCA },
+                    { "2019042200", "Cabinet Type", "%d", 0, 6, 0x1CDAE },
+            };
+
+            // check if patches available
+            bool patches_available = false;
+            for (auto &patch : PATCHES) {
+                if (avs::game::is_ext(patch.ext)) {
+                    patches_available = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // show message if no patches available
+            if (!patches_available) {
+                ImGui::Text("No offsets known for this version.");
+            } else {
+
+                // iterate patches
+                for (auto &patch : PATCHES) {
+                    if (avs::game::is_ext(patch.ext)) {
+
+                        // check if pointer is uninitialized
+                        if (patch.offset_ptr == 0) {
+
+                            // get module information
+                            auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / "gamemdx.dll";
+
+                            // get dll_module
+                            auto dll_module = libutils::try_module(dll_path);
+                            if (!dll_module) {
+                                // no fatal error, might just not be loaded yet
+                                break;
+                            }
+
+                            // get module information
+                            MODULEINFO dll_module_info {};
+                            if (GetModuleInformation(
+                                    GetCurrentProcess(),
+                                    dll_module,
+                                    &dll_module_info,
+                                    sizeof(MODULEINFO)))
+                            {
+                                // convert offset to RVA
+                                auto rva = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, patch.offset);
+                                if (rva && rva != ~0) {
+
+                                    // get data pointer
+                                    patch.offset_ptr = reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dll_module_info.lpBaseOfDll) + rva;
+                                } else {
+
+                                    // invalidate
+                                    patch.offset_ptr = -1;
+                                }
+
+                            } else {
+
+                                // invalidate
+                                patch.offset_ptr = -1;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // check if pointer is valid
+                        if (patch.offset_ptr != -1) {
+                            auto *value_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint16_t *>(patch.offset_ptr);
+
+                            // draw drag widget
+                            int value = *value_ptr;
+                            ImGui::DragInt(patch.name, &value, 0.2f, patch.min, patch.max, patch.format);
+
+                            // write value back
+                            if (value != *value_ptr) {
+                                memutils::VProtectGuard guard(value_ptr, sizeof(uint16_t));
+                                *value_ptr = value;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Control::iidx_effectors_view() {
+        if (avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && ImGui::CollapsingHeader("IIDX Effectors")) {
+
+            // effector analog entries
+            static const std::map<size_t, const char *> ANALOG_ENTRIES {
+                    { games::iidx::Analogs::VEFX, "VEFX" },
+                    { games::iidx::Analogs::LowEQ, "LoEQ" },
+                    { games::iidx::Analogs::HiEQ, "HiEQ" },
+                    { games::iidx::Analogs::Filter, "Flt" },
+                    { games::iidx::Analogs::PlayVolume, "Vol" },
+            };
+
+            // iterate analogs
+            float hue = 0.f;
+            bool overridden = false;
+            static auto analogs = games::get_analogs(eamuse_get_game());
+            for (auto &[index, name] : ANALOG_ENTRIES) {
+
+                // safety check
+                if (index >= analogs->size()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get analog
+                auto &analog = (*analogs)[index];
+                overridden |= analog.override_enabled;
+
+                // push id and style
+                ImGui::PushID((void *) name);
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_FrameBg, (ImVec4) ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.5f, 0.5f));
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_FrameBgHovered, (ImVec4) ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.6f, 0.5f));
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_FrameBgActive, (ImVec4) ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.7f, 0.5f));
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_SliderGrab, (ImVec4) ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.9f, 0.9f));
+                if (analog.override_enabled) {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                } else {
+                    ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.0f, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.f));
+                }
+
+                // vertical slider
+                auto new_state = analog.override_enabled ? analog.override_state
+                        : GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog);
+                if (hue > 0.f) {
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                }
+                ImGui::VSliderFloat("##v", ImVec2(32, 160), &new_state, 0.f, 1.f, name);
+                if (new_state != analog.override_state) {
+                    analog.override_state = new_state;
+                    analog.override_enabled = true;
+                }
+
+                // pop id and style
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor(5);
+                ImGui::PopID();
+
+                // rainbow
+                hue += 1.f / 7;
+            }
+
+            // reset button
+            if (overridden) {
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                if (ImGui::Button("Reset")) {
+                    for (auto &[index, name] : ANALOG_ENTRIES) {
+                        if (index < analogs->size()) {
+                            (*analogs)[index].override_enabled = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/control.h b/overlay/windows/control.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23aa9b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/control.h
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class Control : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        Control(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~Control() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    private:
+
+        // state
+        char card_input[17] {};
+
+        // other windows
+        bool demo_open = false;
+        bool metrics_open = false;
+        std::vector<float> cpu_values;
+
+        // memory editor
+        bool memory_editor_open = false;
+        int memory_editor_selection = -1;
+        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, HMODULE>> memory_editor_modules;
+        std::vector<const char*> memory_editor_names;
+        ImGuiTextFilter memory_editor_filter;
+        
+        // pane views
+        void top_row_buttons();
+        void img_gui_view();
+        void avs_info_view();
+        void acio_view();
+        void cpu_view();
+        void graphics_view();
+        void buttons_view();
+        void analogs_view();
+        void lights_view();
+        void cards_view();
+        void coin_view();
+        void control_view();
+        void api_view();
+        void raw_input_view();
+        void touch_view();
+        void lcd_view();
+        void about_view();
+        void ddr_timing_view();
+        void iidx_effectors_view();
+    };
+} 
diff --git a/overlay/windows/eadev.cpp b/overlay/windows/eadev.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e74e215
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/eadev.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+#include "eadev.h"
+
+#include "avs/automap.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    EADevWindow::EADevWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "EA-Dev";
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * 0.8f,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y * 0.8f);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(250, 200);
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2 - this->init_size.y / 2);
+        this->active = true;
+
+        // read existing automap contents from file
+        if (avs::automap::DUMP_FILENAME.length() > 0) {
+            auto contents = fileutils::text_read(avs::automap::DUMP_FILENAME);
+            if (contents.length() > 0) {
+                this->automap_hook(this, contents.c_str());
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add hook for receiving automap messages
+        avs::automap::hook_add(automap_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    EADevWindow::~EADevWindow() {
+        avs::automap::hook_remove(automap_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    void EADevWindow::build_content() {
+
+        // automap
+        ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+        if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Automap")) {
+
+            // enable checkbox
+            if (ImGui::Checkbox("Enabled", &avs::automap::ENABLED)) {
+                if (avs::automap::ENABLED) {
+                    avs::automap::enable();
+                } else {
+                    avs::automap::disable();
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Enable this module.");
+
+            // dump checkbox
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Dump", &avs::automap::DUMP);
+            if (avs::automap::DUMP_FILENAME.length() > 0) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::Text("- %s", avs::automap::DUMP_FILENAME.c_str());
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Dump all destroyed props to file.");
+
+            // json checkbox
+            ImGui::Checkbox("JSON", &avs::automap::JSON);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Output in JSON instead of XML.");
+
+            // patch checkbox
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Patch", &avs::automap::PATCH);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Try to dynamically add all non-existing nodes which are being accessed. (WIP)");
+
+            // network checkbox
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Network Only", &avs::automap::RESTRICT_NETWORK);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Restrict functionality to calls/responses.");
+
+            // autoscroll checkbox
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Auto-Scroll", &this->automap_autoscroll);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Automatically scroll to bottom.");
+
+            // clear button
+            if (!this->automap_data.empty()) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                    this->automap_data.clear();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // log view
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::BeginChild("scrolling", ImVec2(0, 0), false, ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < automap_data.size(); i++) {
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, (i % 2) == 0
+                ? ImVec4(1.0f, 0.7f, 0.7f, 1.f)
+                : ImVec4(0.7f, 1.0f, 0.7f, 1.f));
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted(automap_data[i].c_str());
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            }
+            if (this->automap_scroll_to_bottom) {
+                this->automap_scroll_to_bottom = false;
+                ImGui::SetScrollHereY(1.f);
+            }
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void EADevWindow::automap_hook(void *user, const char *data) {
+        auto This = (EADevWindow*) user;
+        This->automap_data.emplace_back(std::string(data));
+        if (This->automap_autoscroll) {
+            This->automap_scroll_to_bottom = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/eadev.h b/overlay/windows/eadev.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6699344
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/eadev.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class EADevWindow : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        EADevWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~EADevWindow() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+        static void automap_hook(void *user, const char *data);
+
+    private:
+
+        bool automap_autoscroll = true;
+        bool automap_scroll_to_bottom = false;
+        std::vector<std::string> automap_data;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/fps.cpp b/overlay/windows/fps.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2a8bdd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/fps.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <sstream>
+#include "fps.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    FPS::FPS(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Stats";
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoFocusOnAppearing
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+        this->bg_alpha = 0.4f;
+        this->start_time = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    }
+
+    void FPS::calculate_initial_window() {
+        // width is 114x82 px with window decoration, 98x47 for the content
+        this->init_pos =  ImVec2(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x - 120, 8);
+    }
+
+    void FPS::build_content() {
+
+        // frame timers
+        ImGuiIO &io = ImGui::GetIO();
+        ImGui::Text("FPS:  %.1f", io.Framerate);
+        // ImGui::Text("FT: %.2fms", 1000 / io.Framerate);
+
+        auto now = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+
+        // current time
+        {
+            auto now_t = std::chrono::system_clock::to_time_t(now);
+            static CHAR buf[48];
+            std::strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "Time: %H:%M:%S", std::localtime(&now_t));
+            ImGui::Text(buf);
+        }
+
+        // elapsed time
+        {
+            auto d = now - this->start_time;
+            const auto h = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::hours>(d);
+            const auto m = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(d - h);
+            const auto s = std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(d - h - m);
+            ImGui::Text("Up:   %02d:%02d:%02d", (int)h.count(), (int)m.count(), (int)s.count());
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/fps.h b/overlay/windows/fps.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..67d74cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/fps.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class FPS : public Window {
+    private:
+        std::chrono::system_clock::time_point start_time;
+
+    public:
+
+        FPS(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+        void calculate_initial_window() override;
+        void build_content() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/generic_sub.cpp b/overlay/windows/generic_sub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c8e2bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/generic_sub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+#undef CINTERFACE
+
+#include "generic_sub.h"
+
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_backend.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/backends/d3d9/d3d9_device.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_X = 0;
+int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_Y = 0;
+int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_WIDTH = 0;
+int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_HEIGHT = 0;
+bool GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_FULLSIZE = false;
+
+// #define OVERLAYDBG 1
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    const ImVec4 YELLOW(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f);
+    const ImVec4 WHITE(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f);
+
+    GenericSubScreen::GenericSubScreen(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay), device(overlay->get_device()) {
+        this->remove_window_padding = true;
+        // ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground is needed as the background is drawn on top of the subscreen image
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar |
+            ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse |
+            ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground |
+            ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+
+        this->size_max = ImVec2(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x, ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(240, 135 + ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+        this->init_size = size_min;
+        this->resize_callback = keep_16_by_9;
+
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleSubScreen;
+        this->texture_width = 0;
+        this->texture_height = 0;
+
+        overlay->set_subscreen_mouse_handler([this](LONG *x, LONG *y) -> bool {
+            // convert to normalized form (relative window coordinates 0.f-1.f)
+            ImVec2 xy;
+
+            // log_misc("sub::overlay", "mouse handler {} {}", to_string(*x), to_string(*y));
+            // log_misc("sub::overlay", "spicetouch coords {} {} {} {}", to_string(SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X), to_string(SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y), to_string(SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH), to_string(SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT));
+            
+            float ratio_x, ratio_y;
+
+            if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                // input coords are relative to spicetouch wnd
+                ratio_x = (float)*x / SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH;
+                ratio_y = (float)*y / SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT;
+            } else {
+                // inputs coords are relative to (0,0) for non-windowed mode
+                ratio_x = (float)*x / ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x;
+                ratio_y = (float)*y / ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y;
+            }
+            // log_misc("sub::overlay", "game coords {} {}", to_string(ratio_x), to_string(ratio_y));
+
+            // transform to subscreen overlay coords
+            if (!GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_FULLSIZE) {
+                ratio_x = (ratio_x * ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x - GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_X) / GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_WIDTH;
+                ratio_y = (ratio_y * ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_Y) / GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_HEIGHT;
+                // log_misc("sub::overlay", "overlay coords {} {} {} {}", to_string(GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_X), to_string(GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_Y), to_string(GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_WIDTH), to_string(GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_HEIGHT));
+            }
+
+            xy.x = ratio_x;
+            xy.y = ratio_y;
+            // log_misc("sub::overlay", "ratio {} {}", to_string(xy.x), to_string(xy.y));
+
+            // x/y can be outside of window
+            if (xy.x < 0.f || 1.f < xy.x || xy.y < 0.f || 1.f < xy.y) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // call into child
+            this->touch_transform(xy, x, y);
+            return true;
+        });
+    }
+
+    void GenericSubScreen::touch_transform(const ImVec2 xy_in, LONG *x_out, LONG *y_out) {}
+
+    void GenericSubScreen::build_content() {
+        if (this->disabled_message.has_value()) {
+            this->flags &= ~ImGuiWindowFlags_NoBackground;
+            ImGui::TextColored(YELLOW, "%s", this->disabled_message.value().c_str());
+            return;
+        }
+        this->draw_texture();
+
+#if OVERLAYDBG
+        if (this->status_message.has_value()) {
+            log_warning("sub::overlay", "{}", this->status_message.value().c_str());
+        }
+        if (this->status_message.has_value()) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(YELLOW, "%s", this->status_message.value().c_str());
+        } else if (this->texture) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(WHITE, "Successfully acquired surface texture");
+        } else {
+            ImGui::TextColored(YELLOW, "Failed to acquire surface texture");
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+    bool GenericSubScreen::build_texture(IDirect3DSurface9 *surface, UINT width, UINT height) {
+        HRESULT hr;
+
+        D3DSURFACE_DESC desc {};
+        hr = surface->GetDesc(&desc);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            this->status_message = fmt::format("Failed to get surface descriptor, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        hr = this->device->CreateTexture(width, height, 0, desc.Usage, desc.Format,
+                desc.Pool, &this->texture, nullptr);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            this->status_message = fmt::format("Failed to create render target, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        this->texture_width = width;
+        this->texture_height = height;
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void GenericSubScreen::draw_texture() {
+        HRESULT hr;
+
+        auto surface = graphics_d3d9_ldj_get_sub_screen();
+        if (surface == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (this->draws_window) {
+            // calculate the **content** location and size.
+            // GetContentRegionAvail returns the correct dimension, up to (and including) the resize handle
+            // don't be tempted to change it to some other ImGui routine that accomplishes similar things!
+            overlay_content_top_left = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+            overlay_content_size = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail();
+        } else {
+            // no window, full screen
+            overlay_content_top_left = ImVec2(0, 0);
+            overlay_content_size = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize;
+        }
+
+        GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_X = overlay_content_top_left.x;
+        GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_Y = overlay_content_top_left.y;
+        GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_WIDTH = overlay_content_size.x;
+        GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_HEIGHT = overlay_content_size.y;
+
+        if (this->draws_window &&
+            this->texture &&
+            ((UINT)overlay_content_size.x != this->texture_width)) {
+
+#if OVERLAYDBG
+            log_info("sub::overlay", "resize {} != {} ", overlay_content_size.x, this->texture_width);
+#endif
+
+            // hack needed for SDVX; resizing the texture results in darker image, so allocate texture
+            // again with the new size when the window is resized
+            this->texture->Release();
+            this->texture = nullptr;
+            this->texture_width = 0;
+            this->texture_height = 0;
+        }
+
+        if (this->texture == nullptr) {
+            if (!this->build_texture(surface, overlay_content_size.x, overlay_content_size.y)) {
+                this->texture = nullptr;
+                this->texture_width = 0;
+                this->texture_height = 0;
+                surface->Release();
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        IDirect3DSurface9 *texture_surface = nullptr;
+        hr = this->texture->GetSurfaceLevel(0, &texture_surface);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            this->status_message = fmt::format("Failed to get texture surface, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            surface->Release();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        hr = this->device->StretchRect(surface, nullptr, texture_surface, nullptr, D3DTEXF_LINEAR);
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            this->status_message = fmt::format("Failed to copy back buffer contents, hr={}", FMT_HRESULT(hr));
+            surface->Release();
+            texture_surface->Release();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        surface->Release();
+        texture_surface->Release();
+
+        // draw the subscreen (this draws *under* ImGui windows, over the game surface)
+        auto bottom_right = overlay_content_size;
+        bottom_right.x += overlay_content_top_left.x;
+        bottom_right.y += overlay_content_top_left.y;
+        ImGui::GetBackgroundDrawList()->AddImage(
+            reinterpret_cast<void *>(this->texture),
+            overlay_content_top_left,
+            bottom_right);
+
+        if (this->draws_window) {
+            // draw an invisible button so that it swallows mouse input
+            // this is needed to prevent the window from being dragged around
+            // (alternatively io.ConfigWindowsMoveFromTitleBarOnly can be set but that is global)
+            ImGui::InvisibleButton(
+                (this->title + "__InvisibleButton").c_str(),
+                overlay_content_size,
+                ImGuiButtonFlags_None);
+        }
+
+#if OVERLAYDBG
+        log_info("sub::overlay", "{} / {} = {}", overlay_content_size.x, overlay_content_size.y, overlay_content_size.x / overlay_content_size.y);
+#endif
+
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/generic_sub.h b/overlay/windows/generic_sub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0ee53f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/generic_sub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_GENERIC_SUB_H
+#define SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_GENERIC_SUB_H
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <d3d9.h>
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+//=================================================================================================
+//  Global variable to track the coords of Subscreen.
+//  Values are in original coord-space (not scaled to Windowed mode size).
+//  
+//  For use with touch coords transformation.
+//=================================================================================================
+
+extern int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_X;
+extern int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_Y;
+extern int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_WIDTH;
+extern int GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_HEIGHT;
+extern bool GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_FULLSIZE;
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class GenericSubScreen : public Window {
+    public:
+        GenericSubScreen(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    protected:
+        virtual void touch_transform(const ImVec2 xy_in, LONG *x_out, LONG *y_out);
+        ImVec2 overlay_content_top_left;
+        ImVec2 overlay_content_size;
+        std::optional<std::string> disabled_message = std::nullopt;
+    
+    private:
+        static void keep_16_by_9(ImGuiSizeCallbackData* data) {
+            data->DesiredSize.y = (data->DesiredSize.x * 9.f / 16.f) + ImGui::GetFrameHeight();
+        }
+
+        bool build_texture(IDirect3DSurface9 *surface, UINT width, UINT height);
+        void draw_texture();
+
+        std::optional<std::string> status_message = std::nullopt;
+
+        IDirect3DDevice9 *device = nullptr;
+        IDirect3DTexture9 *texture = nullptr;
+
+        UINT texture_width;
+        UINT texture_height;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_GENERIC_SUB_H
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iidx_seg.cpp b/overlay/windows/iidx_seg.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22163b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iidx_seg.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+#include <map>
+
+#include "iidx_seg.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    uint32_t IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_SIZE = 64;
+    std::optional<uint32_t> IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_COLOR = std::nullopt;
+    std::string IIDX_SEGMENT_LOCATION = "bottom";
+
+    static const size_t TICKER_SIZE = 9;
+    static const ImVec4 DARK_GRAY(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.f);
+    static const ImVec4 RED(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
+    static const int PADDING_Y = 8;
+    static const int PADDING_X = 4;
+
+    static const std::map<char, std::pair<char, char>> CHARMAP = {\
+        // period - add a space afterwards (game sends 'm' for period)
+        {'m', {'.', ' '}},
+        // exclamation mark (use ./ to make it look like one)
+        {'!', {'.', '/'}},
+        // font doesn't have tilde so using a dash instead
+        {'~', {'-', '\0'}},
+    };
+
+    IIDXSegmentDisplay::IIDXSegmentDisplay(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        if (!DSEG_FONT) {
+            log_fatal("iidx_seg", "DSEG_FONT is null");
+        }
+
+        this->title = "IIDX LED Segment Display";
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleSubScreen;
+        this->remove_window_padding = true;
+        this->size_max = ImVec2(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x, ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y);
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoScrollbar
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavFocus
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoNavInputs
+                      | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDocking;
+
+        if (IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_COLOR.has_value()) {
+            const auto rgb = IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_COLOR.value();
+            const auto rgba = IM_COL32_A_MASK | rgb;
+            this->color = ImGui::ColorConvertU32ToFloat4(rgba);
+        } else {
+            this->color = RED;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void IIDXSegmentDisplay::calculate_initial_window() {
+        // ImGui::CalcTextSize doesn't seem to work here, so manually calculate
+        ImGui::PushFont(DSEG_FONT);
+        this->init_size = ImGui::CalcTextSize("~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.");
+        this->init_size.x += PADDING_X * 2;
+        this->init_size.y += PADDING_Y * 2;
+        ImGui::PopFont();
+
+        // initial horizontal position
+        if (IIDX_SEGMENT_LOCATION.find("left") != std::string::npos) {
+            this->init_pos.x = 0;
+        } else if (IIDX_SEGMENT_LOCATION.find("right") != std::string::npos) {
+            this->init_pos.x = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x - this->init_size.x;
+        } else {
+            // center
+            this->init_pos.x = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2;
+        }
+
+        // initial vertical position
+        if (IIDX_SEGMENT_LOCATION.rfind("top", 0) == 0) {
+            this->init_pos.y = 0;
+        } else {
+            // bottom
+            this->init_pos.y = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - this->init_size.y;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void IIDXSegmentDisplay::build_content() {
+        char input_ticker[TICKER_SIZE];
+
+        // get ticker content from game
+        games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.lock();
+        memcpy(input_ticker, games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER, TICKER_SIZE);
+        games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK.unlock();
+
+        // since every input character can result in up to two characters,
+        // need double size for output
+        const size_t TICKER_OUTPUT_SIZE = TICKER_SIZE * 2 + 1;
+        char output_ticker[TICKER_OUTPUT_SIZE];
+        int output_ticker_index = 0;
+
+        // look at each input char and convert into output char(s)
+        for (const auto c : input_ticker) {
+            // see if there is an applicable rule for this input character
+            if (0 == CHARMAP.count(c)) {
+                // if not, copy the first character and keep going
+                output_ticker[output_ticker_index] = c;
+                output_ticker_index += 1;
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // there is a replacement rule for this input character
+            auto replacements = CHARMAP.at(c);
+
+            // replace the first character...
+            output_ticker[output_ticker_index] = replacements.first;
+            output_ticker_index += 1;
+
+            // and optionally add the second character
+            if (replacements.second != '\0') {
+                output_ticker[output_ticker_index] = replacements.second;
+                output_ticker_index += 1;
+            }
+        }
+        if ((int)TICKER_OUTPUT_SIZE <= output_ticker_index) {
+            log_fatal("iidx_seg", "{} is beyond array bounds", output_ticker_index);
+        }
+
+        // terminating null...
+        output_ticker[output_ticker_index] = '\0';
+
+        // finally, draw UI elements
+        draw_ticker(output_ticker);
+    }
+
+    void IIDXSegmentDisplay::draw_ticker(char *ticker_string) {
+        ImGui::PushFont(DSEG_FONT);
+
+        const auto pos = ImVec2(PADDING_X, PADDING_Y);
+
+        // to imitate LED "off"
+        ImGui::SetCursorPos(pos);
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, DARK_GRAY);
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.~.");
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+
+        // ... then draw the LED "on" above it
+        ImGui::SetCursorPos(pos);
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, this->color);
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(ticker_string);
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+
+        ImGui::PopFont();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iidx_seg.h b/overlay/windows/iidx_seg.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dcccf9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iidx_seg.h
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    extern uint32_t IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_SIZE;
+    extern std::optional<uint32_t> IIDX_SEGMENT_FONT_COLOR;
+    extern std::string IIDX_SEGMENT_LOCATION;
+
+    class IIDXSegmentDisplay : public Window {
+    public:
+        IIDXSegmentDisplay(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        void calculate_initial_window() override;
+        void build_content() override;
+    private:
+        ImVec4 color;
+        void draw_ticker(char *ticker_string);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iidx_sub.cpp b/overlay/windows/iidx_sub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afbbc49
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iidx_sub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+#undef CINTERFACE
+
+#include "iidx_sub.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    IIDXSubScreen::IIDXSubScreen(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : GenericSubScreen(overlay) {
+        this->title = "IIDX Sub Screen";
+
+        if (GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB) {
+            this->disabled_message =
+                "Close this overlay and use the second window.\n"
+                "Or, turn on -iidxnosub to use the overlay instead.";
+            this->draws_window = false;
+        }
+
+        float size = 0.5f;
+        if (games::iidx::SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE.has_value()) {
+            if (games::iidx::SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE.value() == "large") {
+                size = 0.8f;
+            } else if (games::iidx::SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE.value() == "small") {
+                size = 0.3f;
+            } else if (games::iidx::SUBSCREEN_OVERLAY_SIZE.value() == "fullscreen") {
+                GENERIC_SUB_WINDOW_FULLSIZE = true;
+                this->draws_window = false;
+            }
+        }
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(
+            ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * size,
+            (ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * size * 9 / 16) + ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+
+        this->size_max = ImVec2(
+            ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x - ImGui::GetFrameHeight() * 2,
+            ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - ImGui::GetFrameHeight() * 2);
+
+        // middle / bottom
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+            ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2,
+            ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - this->init_size.y - (ImGui::GetFrameHeight() / 2));
+    }
+
+    void IIDXSubScreen::touch_transform(const ImVec2 xy_in, LONG *x_out, LONG *y_out) {
+        if (!this->get_active()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+            // Touch needs to be registered on global coords
+            *x_out = SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X + xy_in.x * SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH;
+            *y_out = SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y + xy_in.y * SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT;
+        } else {
+            // Fullscreen mode, scale to game coords
+            *x_out = xy_in.x * ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x;
+            *y_out = xy_in.y * ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iidx_sub.h b/overlay/windows/iidx_sub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..adb897d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iidx_sub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_IIDX_SUB_H
+#define SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_IIDX_SUB_H
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/generic_sub.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class IIDXSubScreen : public GenericSubScreen {
+    public:
+        IIDXSubScreen(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+    protected:
+        void touch_transform(const ImVec2 xy_in, LONG *x_out, LONG *y_out) override;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_IIDX_SUB_H
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel.cpp b/overlay/windows/iopanel.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d181a79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "iopanel.h"
+#include "cfg/api.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    IOPanel::IOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Operator";
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize;
+
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(
+            80,
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeight() +
+                ImGui::GetStyle().WindowPadding.y * 2 +
+                ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() * 3 +
+                ImGui::GetFrameHeight()); // title + windows padding + 4 buttons
+
+        this->init_pos =ImVec2(10, ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - this->init_size.y - 10);
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleIOPanel;
+        this->find_buttons();
+    }
+
+    void IOPanel::find_buttons() {
+        const auto buttons = games::get_buttons(eamuse_get_game());
+        for (auto &button : *buttons) {
+            // since the array indices are different for each game, use string match instead
+            if (button.getName() == "Service") {
+                this->service_button = &button;
+            } else if (button.getName() == "Test") {
+                this->test_button = &button;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    float IOPanel::get_suggested_height() {
+        // height of 4 buttons stacked vertically
+        // (coin, unlock, service, test, plus spacing between them)
+        return ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() * 3 + ImGui::GetFrameHeight();
+    }
+
+    void IOPanel::build_content() {
+        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_ButtonActive, ImVec4(0.2f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.f));
+        ImGui::PushID(this);
+
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        this->build_operator_menu();
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->build_io_panel();
+
+        ImGui::PopID();
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+    }
+
+    void IOPanel::build_io_panel() {}
+
+    void IOPanel::build_operator_menu() {
+        const ImVec2 wide(60, 0);
+        const float spacing_x = ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y;
+        const ImVec2 tall(
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeight(),
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() + ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+
+        if (ImGui::Button("COIN", ImVec2(wide.x + spacing_x + tall.x, wide.y))) {
+            eamuse_coin_add();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Checkbox("unlock", &operator_unlocked);
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(!operator_unlocked);
+
+        this->build_button("SERVICE", wide, this->service_button);
+        this->build_button("TEST", wide, this->test_button);
+
+        // service + test button (for test menu navigation)
+        ImGui::SameLine(0, spacing_x);
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            ImGui::SetCursorPosY(ImGui::GetCursorPosY() - ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing());
+            this->build_button("+", tall, this->test_button, this->service_button);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+    }
+
+    void IOPanel::build_button(
+        const char *label, const ImVec2 &size, Button *button, Button *button_alt, Light *light) {
+
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(button == nullptr);
+
+        int pushed = 0;
+        if (light && 0.5f < GameAPI::Lights::readLight(RI_MGR, *light)) {
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Button, ImVec4(0.72f, 0.15f, 0.00f, 0.9f));
+            pushed += 1;
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Button(label, size);
+
+        if (ImGui::IsItemActivated()) {
+            button->override_state = GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED;
+            button->override_velocity = 1.f;
+            button->override_enabled = true;
+            if (button_alt) {
+                button_alt->override_state = GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED;
+                button_alt->override_velocity = 1.f;
+                button_alt->override_enabled = true;
+            }
+        } else if (ImGui::IsItemDeactivated()) {
+            button->override_enabled = false;
+            if (button_alt) {
+                button_alt->override_enabled = false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        ImGui::PopStyleColor(pushed);
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel.h b/overlay/windows/iopanel.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abefdeb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class IOPanel : public Window {
+    public:
+        IOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    protected:
+        virtual void build_io_panel();
+        void build_button(
+            const char *label,
+            const ImVec2 &size,
+            Button *button,
+            Button *button_alt = nullptr,
+            Light *light = nullptr);
+
+        float get_suggested_height();
+
+    private:
+        void find_buttons();
+        void build_operator_menu();
+
+        bool operator_unlocked = false;
+        Button *test_button = nullptr;
+        Button *service_button = nullptr;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel_ddr.cpp b/overlay/windows/iopanel_ddr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0bba6ae
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel_ddr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+#include "iopanel_ddr.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/ddr/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    DDRIOPanel::DDRIOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : IOPanel(overlay) {
+        this->title = "DDR IO Panel";
+        find_ddr_buttons();
+    }
+
+    void DDRIOPanel::find_ddr_buttons() {
+        const auto buttons = games::get_buttons(eamuse_get_game());
+        const auto lights = games::get_lights(eamuse_get_game());
+
+        // SD cabs don't have lights for these buttons, so just use the HD ones
+
+        this->start[0] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P1_START];
+        this->up[0] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_UP];
+        this->down[0] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_DOWN];
+        this->left[0] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_LEFT];
+        this->right[0] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P1_MENU_RIGHT];
+        this->start_light[0] = &(*lights)[games::ddr::Lights::HD_P1_START];
+        this->updown_light[0] = &(*lights)[games::ddr::Lights::HD_P1_UP_DOWN];
+        this->leftright_light[0] = &(*lights)[games::ddr::Lights::HD_P1_LEFT_RIGHT];
+
+        this->start[1] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P2_START];
+        this->up[1] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_UP];
+        this->down[1] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_DOWN];
+        this->left[1] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_LEFT];
+        this->right[1] = &(*buttons)[games::ddr::Buttons::P2_MENU_RIGHT];
+        this->start_light[1] = &(*lights)[games::ddr::Lights::HD_P2_START];
+        this->updown_light[1] = &(*lights)[games::ddr::Lights::HD_P2_UP_DOWN];
+        this->leftright_light[1] = &(*lights)[games::ddr::Lights::HD_P2_LEFT_RIGHT];
+    }
+
+    void DDRIOPanel::build_io_panel() {
+        ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(12, 0));
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->draw_buttons(0);
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(12, 0));
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->draw_buttons(1);
+    }
+
+    void DDRIOPanel::draw_buttons(const int p) {
+        // 2x2
+        const ImVec2 start_button_size(
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() + ImGui::GetFrameHeight(),
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() + ImGui::GetFrameHeight()
+            );
+        // 2x1
+        const ImVec2 updown_size(start_button_size.x, ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+        // 1x2
+        const ImVec2 leftright_size(ImGui::GetFrameHeight(), start_button_size.y);
+
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            ImGui::SetCursorPosY(ImGui::GetCursorPosY() + ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing());
+            this->build_button("<", leftright_size, this->left[p], nullptr, this->leftright_light[p]);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+
+        ImGui::SameLine(0, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y);
+
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            this->build_button("^", updown_size, this->up[p], nullptr, this->updown_light[p]);
+            const char *label;
+            if (p == 0) {
+                label = " 1 P\nStart";
+            } else {
+                label = " 2 P\nStart";
+            }
+            this->build_button(label, start_button_size, this->start[p], nullptr, this->start_light[p]);
+            this->build_button("v", updown_size, this->down[p], nullptr, this->updown_light[p]);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+
+        ImGui::SameLine(0, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y);
+
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            ImGui::SetCursorPosY(ImGui::GetCursorPosY() + ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing());
+            this->build_button(">", leftright_size, this->right[p], nullptr, this->leftright_light[p]);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel_ddr.h b/overlay/windows/iopanel_ddr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c5ecd32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel_ddr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/iopanel.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class DDRIOPanel : public IOPanel {
+    public:
+        DDRIOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+    protected:
+        void build_io_panel() override;
+
+    private:
+        void find_ddr_buttons();
+        void draw_buttons(const int player);
+
+        Button *start[2];
+        Button *up[2];
+        Button *down[2];
+        Button *left[2];
+        Button *right[2];
+        Light *start_light[2];
+        Light *updown_light[2];
+        Light *leftright_light[2];
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel_gfdm.cpp b/overlay/windows/iopanel_gfdm.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6bd67c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel_gfdm.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+#include "iopanel_gfdm.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/gitadora/gitadora.h"
+#include "games/gitadora/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    GitadoraIOPanel::GitadoraIOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : IOPanel(overlay) {
+        this->title = "GITADORA IO Panel";
+
+        // by default, make a safer assumption that there are two players
+        this->two_players = true;
+        // by default, enable the extra input only available on DX cabs...
+        this->has_guitar_knobs = true;
+
+        // drummania can only have one player, no guitar knobs
+        if (avs::game::is_model({ "J32", "K32", "L32" }) ||
+            (avs::game::is_model("M32") && avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'B')) {
+            this->two_players = false;
+            this->has_guitar_knobs = false;
+        }
+
+        // and cab type 3 (white cab) only has one guitar
+        if (games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE.has_value() && games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE == 3) {
+            this->two_players = false;
+        }
+
+        // disable guitar knobs on known non-DX cabs
+        if (games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE.has_value() &&
+            (games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE == 2 || games::gitadora::CAB_TYPE == 3)) {
+            this->has_guitar_knobs = false;
+        }
+
+        find_gfdm_buttons();
+    }
+
+    void GitadoraIOPanel::find_gfdm_buttons() {
+        const auto buttons = games::get_buttons(eamuse_get_game());
+        const auto lights = games::get_lights(eamuse_get_game());
+
+        // device emulation treats drum controls to be the same as guitar 1p
+
+        this->start[0] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Start];
+        this->help[0] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Help];
+        this->up[0] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Up];
+        this->down[0] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Down];
+        this->left[0] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Left];
+        this->right[0] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP1Right];
+
+        this->start_light[0] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuStart];
+        this->help_light[0] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuHelp];
+        this->updown_light[0] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuUpDown];
+        this->leftright_light[0] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P1MenuLeftRight];
+
+        this->start[1] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Start];
+        this->help[1] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Help];
+        this->up[1] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Up];
+        this->down[1] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Down];
+        this->left[1] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Left];
+        this->right[1] = &(*buttons)[games::gitadora::Buttons::GuitarP2Right];
+
+        this->start_light[1] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuStart];
+        this->help_light[1] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuHelp];
+        this->updown_light[1] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuUpDown];
+        this->leftright_light[1] = &(*lights)[games::gitadora::Lights::P2MenuLeftRight];
+    }
+
+    void GitadoraIOPanel::build_io_panel() {
+        ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(12, 0));
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->draw_buttons(0);
+        if (this->has_guitar_knobs) {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            this->draw_sliders(0);
+        }
+
+        // draw p2 only if guitar freaks
+        if (this->two_players) {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(12, 0));
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            this->draw_buttons(1);
+            if (this->has_guitar_knobs) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                this->draw_sliders(1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void GitadoraIOPanel::draw_buttons(const int p) {
+        // 2x2
+        const ImVec2 start_button_size(
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() + ImGui::GetFrameHeight(),
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing() + ImGui::GetFrameHeight()
+            );
+        // 2x1
+        const ImVec2 updown_size(start_button_size.x, ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+        // 1x2
+        const ImVec2 leftright_size(ImGui::GetFrameHeight(), start_button_size.y);
+        // 1x1
+        const ImVec2 tiny_size(ImGui::GetFrameHeight(), ImGui::GetFrameHeight());
+
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            ImGui::SetCursorPosY(ImGui::GetCursorPosY() + ImGui::GetFrameHeightWithSpacing());
+            this->build_button("<", leftright_size, this->left[p], nullptr, this->leftright_light[p]);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+
+        ImGui::SameLine(0, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y);
+
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            this->build_button("^", updown_size, this->up[p], nullptr, this->updown_light[p]);
+            const char *label;
+            if (this->two_players) {
+                if (p == 0) {
+                    label = " 1 P\nStart";
+                } else {
+                    label = " 2 P\nStart";
+                }
+            } else {
+                label = "Start";
+            }
+            this->build_button(label, start_button_size, this->start[p], nullptr, this->start_light[p]);
+            this->build_button("v", updown_size, this->down[p], nullptr, this->updown_light[p]);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+
+        ImGui::SameLine(0, ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y);
+
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        {
+            this->build_button("?", tiny_size, this->help[p], nullptr, this->help_light[p]);
+            this->build_button(">", leftright_size, this->right[p], nullptr, this->leftright_light[p]);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+    }
+
+    void GitadoraIOPanel::draw_sliders(const int p) {
+        const auto index =
+            (p == 0) ?
+            games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP1Knob :
+            games::gitadora::Analogs::GuitarP2Knob;
+
+        const ImVec2 slider_size(32, get_suggested_height());
+
+        // get analog
+        const auto analogs = games::get_analogs(eamuse_get_game());
+        auto &analog = (*analogs)[index];
+
+        // vertical slider
+        auto new_state = analog.override_enabled ? analog.override_state
+                : GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog);
+
+        ImGui::PushID(index);
+        ImGui::VSliderFloat(
+            "##v",
+            slider_size,
+            &new_state,
+            0.f, 1.f,
+            "Knob",
+            ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+        ImGui::PopID();
+        if (new_state != analog.override_state) {
+            analog.override_state = new_state;
+            analog.override_enabled = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel_gfdm.h b/overlay/windows/iopanel_gfdm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aacd7ba
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel_gfdm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/iopanel.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class GitadoraIOPanel : public IOPanel {
+    public:
+        GitadoraIOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+    protected:
+        void build_io_panel() override;
+
+    private:
+        void find_gfdm_buttons();
+        void draw_buttons(const int player);
+        void draw_sliders(const int player);
+
+        bool two_players;
+        bool has_guitar_knobs;
+
+        Button *start[2];
+        Button *help[2];
+        Button *up[2];
+        Button *down[2];
+        Button *left[2];
+        Button *right[2];
+
+        Light *start_light[2];
+        Light *help_light[2];
+        Light *updown_light[2];
+        Light *leftright_light[2];
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel_iidx.cpp b/overlay/windows/iopanel_iidx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ed1f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel_iidx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#include <map>
+#include "iopanel_iidx.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+#include "games/iidx/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    IIDXIOPanel::IIDXIOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : IOPanel(overlay) {
+        this->title = "IIDX IO Panel";
+        find_iidx_buttons();
+    }
+
+    void IIDXIOPanel::find_iidx_buttons() {
+        const auto buttons = games::get_buttons(eamuse_get_game());
+        const auto lights = games::get_lights(eamuse_get_game());
+
+        this->start_1p = &(*buttons)[games::iidx::Buttons::P1_Start];
+        this->start_1p_light = &(*lights)[games::iidx::Lights::P1_Start];
+
+        this->start_2p = &(*buttons)[games::iidx::Buttons::P2_Start];
+        this->start_2p_light = &(*lights)[games::iidx::Lights::P2_Start];
+
+        this->vefx = &(*buttons)[games::iidx::Buttons::VEFX];
+        this->vefx_light = &(*lights)[games::iidx::Lights::VEFX];
+
+        this->effect_on = &(*buttons)[games::iidx::Buttons::Effect];
+        this->effect_on_light = &(*lights)[games::iidx::Lights::Effect];
+    }
+
+    void IIDXIOPanel::build_io_panel() {
+        ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(12, 0));
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->draw_buttons();
+
+        if (!games::iidx::TDJ_MODE) {
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(12, 0));
+
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            this->draw_sliders();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void IIDXIOPanel::draw_buttons() {
+        const auto big_button_size = ImVec2(get_suggested_height(), get_suggested_height());
+
+        // width = same as above,
+        // height = 2 rows of buttons
+        const auto mid_button_size = ImVec2(
+            big_button_size.x,
+            ImGui::GetFrameHeight() * 2 + ImGui::GetStyle().ItemSpacing.y
+            );
+
+        // width = half of above,
+        // height = 4 rows of buttons
+        const auto tall_button_size = ImVec2(
+            big_button_size.x / 2,
+            big_button_size.y
+            );
+
+        this->build_button(
+            " 1 P\n"
+            "Start",
+            big_button_size,
+            this->start_1p, nullptr,
+            this->start_1p_light);
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::BeginGroup();
+        this->build_button(
+            "EFFECT",
+            mid_button_size,
+            this->effect_on, nullptr,
+            this->effect_on_light);
+        this->build_button(
+            "VEFX",
+            mid_button_size,
+            this->vefx, nullptr,
+            this->vefx_light);
+        ImGui::EndGroup();
+        
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->build_button(
+            "EFF\n"
+            " +\n"
+            "VFX",
+            tall_button_size,
+            this->effect_on,
+            this->vefx);
+
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->build_button(
+            " 2 P\n"
+            "Start",
+            big_button_size,
+            this->start_2p, nullptr,
+            this->start_2p_light);
+    }
+
+    void IIDXIOPanel::draw_sliders() {
+        // effector analog entries
+        static const std::map<size_t, const char *> ANALOG_ENTRIES {
+            { games::iidx::Analogs::VEFX, "VEFX" },
+            { games::iidx::Analogs::LowEQ, "LoEQ" },
+            { games::iidx::Analogs::HiEQ, "HiEQ" },
+            { games::iidx::Analogs::Filter, "Fltr" },
+            { games::iidx::Analogs::PlayVolume, "Vol." },
+        };
+
+        const ImVec2 slider_size(32, get_suggested_height());
+        const auto reset_button_size = ImVec2(16, get_suggested_height());
+
+        // iterate analogs
+        bool overridden = false;
+        const auto analogs = games::get_analogs(eamuse_get_game());
+        for (auto &[index, name] : ANALOG_ENTRIES) {
+
+            // safety check
+            if (index >= analogs->size()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // get analog
+            auto &analog = (*analogs)[index];
+            overridden |= analog.override_enabled;
+
+            // push id and style
+            ImGui::PushID((void *) name);
+
+            // vertical slider
+            auto new_state = analog.override_enabled ? analog.override_state
+                    : GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog);
+            if (0 < index) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::VSliderFloat(
+                "##v",
+                slider_size,
+                &new_state,
+                0.f, 1.f,
+                name,
+                ImGuiSliderFlags_AlwaysClamp);
+
+            if (new_state != analog.override_state) {
+                analog.override_state = new_state;
+                analog.override_enabled = true;
+            }
+
+            // pop id and style
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+
+        // reset button
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("r\ne\ns\ne\nt", reset_button_size)) {
+            for (auto &[index, name] : ANALOG_ENTRIES) {
+                if (index < analogs->size()) {
+                    (*analogs)[index].override_enabled = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/iopanel_iidx.h b/overlay/windows/iopanel_iidx.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7444384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/iopanel_iidx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/iopanel.h"
+#include "cfg/button.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class IIDXIOPanel : public IOPanel {
+    public:
+        IIDXIOPanel(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+    protected:
+        void build_io_panel() override;
+
+    private:
+        void find_iidx_buttons();
+        void draw_buttons();
+        void draw_sliders();
+
+        Button *start_1p = nullptr;
+        Light *start_1p_light = nullptr;
+
+        Button *start_2p = nullptr;
+        Light *start_2p_light = nullptr;
+
+        Button *effect_on = nullptr;
+        Light *effect_on_light = nullptr;
+
+        Button *vefx = nullptr;
+        Light *vefx_light = nullptr;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/keypad.cpp b/overlay/windows/keypad.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6400a15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/keypad.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#include <games/io.h>
+#include "keypad.h"
+
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    Keypad::Keypad(SpiceOverlay *overlay, size_t unit) : Window(overlay), unit(unit) {
+        this->title = "Keypad P" + to_string(unit + 1);
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize
+                    | ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse
+                    | ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize;
+
+        switch (this->unit) {
+            case 0: {
+                this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleVirtualKeypadP1;
+                this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                        26,
+                        ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - 264);
+                break;
+            }
+            case 1: {
+                this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleVirtualKeypadP2;
+                this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                        ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x - 220,
+                        ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - 264);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Keypad::~Keypad() {
+
+        // reset overrides
+        eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_overlay(this->unit, 0);
+    }
+
+    void Keypad::build_content() {
+
+        // buttons
+        static const struct {
+            const char *text;
+            int flag;
+        } BUTTONS[] = {
+            { "7", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7 },
+            { "8", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8 },
+            { "9", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9 },
+            { "4", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4 },
+            { "5", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5 },
+            { "6", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6 },
+            { "1", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1 },
+            { "2", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2 },
+            { "3", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3 },
+            { "0", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0 },
+            { "00", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00 },
+            { ".", 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL },
+            { "Insert Card", 1 << EAM_IO_INSERT },
+        };
+
+        // reset overrides
+        eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_overlay(this->unit, 0);
+
+        // build grid
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(BUTTONS); i++) {
+            auto &button = BUTTONS[i];
+
+            // push id and alignment
+            ImGui::PushID(4096 + i);
+            ImGui::PushStyleVar(ImGuiStyleVar_SelectableTextAlign, ImVec2(0.5f, 0.5f));
+
+            // add selectable (fill last line)
+            if (i == std::size(BUTTONS) - 1) {
+                ImGui::Selectable(button.text, false, 0, ImVec2(112, 32));
+            } else {
+                ImGui::Selectable(button.text, false, 0, ImVec2(32, 32));
+            }
+
+            // mouse down handler
+            if (ImGui::IsItemActive()) {
+                eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_overlay(this->unit, button.flag);
+            }
+
+            // pop id and alignment
+            ImGui::PopStyleVar();
+            ImGui::PopID();
+
+            // line join
+            if ((i % 3) < 2) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/keypad.h b/overlay/windows/keypad.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b24464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/keypad.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class Keypad : public Window {
+    private:
+
+        size_t unit = 0;
+
+    public:
+
+        Keypad(SpiceOverlay *overlay, size_t unit);
+        ~Keypad() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/kfcontrol.cpp b/overlay/windows/kfcontrol.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f8d659f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/kfcontrol.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,1449 @@
+#include "kfcontrol.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <commdlg.h>
+
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/io.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+#include "api/controller.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include "util/netutils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace GameAPI;
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    KFControl::KFControl(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "KFControl";
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(400, 316);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(100, 200);
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(0, 0);
+        this->config_load();
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && cfg::CONFIGURATOR_TYPE == cfg::ConfigType::KFControl) {
+            this->active = true;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoResize;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoMove;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoTitleBar;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoCollapse;
+            this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_NoDecoration;
+            eamuse_set_game("Sound Voltex");
+            for (auto &button : *games::get_buttons("Sound Voltex")) {
+                button.clearBindings();
+            }
+            for (auto &analog : *games::get_analogs("Sound Voltex")) {
+                analog.clearBindings();
+            }
+            this->worker_start();
+        }
+    }
+
+    KFControl::~KFControl() {
+        worker_running = false;
+        worker->join();
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::config_save() {
+
+        // create document
+        Document doc;
+        doc.SetObject();
+        auto &alloc = doc.GetAllocator();
+
+        // save settings
+        doc.AddMember("poll_delay", poll_delay, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_deadzone", vol_deadzone, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_timeout", vol_timeout, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_mouse", vol_mouse, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_mouse_sensitivity", vol_mouse_sensitivity, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("start_click", start_click, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("kp_profiles", kp_profiles, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_sound", vol_sound, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_headphone", vol_headphone, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_external", vol_external, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_woofer", vol_woofer, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("vol_mute", vol_mute, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("icca_timeout", icca_timeout, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("icca_file", StringRef(icca_file), alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_up_r", light_wing_left_up.x, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_up_g", light_wing_left_up.y, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_up_b", light_wing_left_up.z, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_low_r", light_wing_left_low.x, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_low_g", light_wing_left_low.y, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_low_b", light_wing_left_low.z, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_up_r", light_wing_right_up.x, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_up_g", light_wing_right_up.y, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_up_b", light_wing_right_up.z, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_low_r", light_wing_right_low.x, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_low_g", light_wing_right_low.y, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_low_b", light_wing_right_low.z, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_woofer_r", light_woofer.x, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_woofer_g", light_woofer.y, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_woofer_b", light_woofer.z, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_controller_r", light_controller.x, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_controller_g", light_controller.y, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_controller_b", light_controller.z, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_generator_r", light_generator.x, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_generator_g", light_generator.y, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_generator_b", light_generator.z, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("lcd_bri", games::shared::LCD_BRI, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("lcd_con", games::shared::LCD_CON, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("lcd_bl", games::shared::LCD_BL, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("lcd_red", games::shared::LCD_RED, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("lcd_green", games::shared::LCD_GREEN, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("lcd_blue", games::shared::LCD_BLUE, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("coin_block", eamuse_coin_get_block(), alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_buttons", light_buttons, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_hue_preview", light_hue_preview, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_hue_func", (int) light_hue_func, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_hue_disable", light_hue_disable, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_up_hue_amp", light_wing_left_up_hue_amp, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_up_hue_per", light_wing_left_up_hue_per, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_low_hue_amp", light_wing_left_low_hue_amp, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_left_low_hue_per", light_wing_left_low_hue_per, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_up_hue_amp", light_wing_right_up_hue_amp, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_up_hue_per", light_wing_right_up_hue_per, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_low_hue_amp", light_wing_right_low_hue_amp, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_wing_right_low_hue_per", light_wing_right_low_hue_per, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_woofer_hue_amp", light_woofer_hue_amp, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_woofer_hue_per", light_woofer_hue_per, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_controller_hue_amp", light_controller_hue_amp, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_controller_hue_per", light_controller_hue_per, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_generator_hue_amp", light_generator_hue_amp, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("light_generator_hue_per", light_generator_hue_per, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_service", scan_service, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_test", scan_test, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_coin_mech", scan_coin_mech, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_bt_a", scan_bt_a, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_bt_b", scan_bt_b, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_bt_c", scan_bt_c, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_bt_d", scan_bt_d, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_fx_l", scan_fx_l, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_fx_r", scan_fx_r, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_start", scan_start, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_headphone", scan_headphone, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_vol_l_left", scan_vol_l_left, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_vol_l_right", scan_vol_l_right, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_vol_r_left", scan_vol_r_left, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_vol_r_right", scan_vol_r_right, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_icca", scan_icca, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_coin", scan_coin, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_0", scan_kp_0, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_1", scan_kp_1, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_2", scan_kp_2, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_3", scan_kp_3, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_4", scan_kp_4, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_5", scan_kp_5, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_6", scan_kp_6, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_7", scan_kp_7, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_8", scan_kp_8, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_9", scan_kp_9, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_00", scan_kp_00, alloc);
+        doc.AddMember("scan_kp_decimal", scan_kp_decimal, alloc);
+
+        // convert to JSON
+        StringBuffer buf;
+        PrettyWriter<StringBuffer> writer(buf);
+        writer.SetIndent(' ', 2);
+        doc.Accept(writer);
+        buf.Put('\r');
+        buf.Put('\n');
+
+        // write to file
+        log_info("kfcontrol", "saving config to: {}", config_path.string());
+        fileutils::text_write(config_path, buf.GetString());
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void load_val(T &node, const std::string &name, float &value) {
+        auto it = node.FindMember(name.c_str());
+        if (it != node.MemberEnd() && it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            value = it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+    }
+
+    template<class T>
+    static void load_val(T &node, const std::string &name, int &value) {
+        auto it = node.FindMember(name.c_str());
+        if (it != node.MemberEnd() && it->value.IsInt()) {
+            value = it->value.GetInt();
+        }
+    }
+
+    static std::string key_format(int vsc) {
+        if (vsc == 0) return "Disabled";
+        auto vk = MapVirtualKey(vsc, MAPVK_VSC_TO_VK_EX);
+        auto ch = MapVirtualKey(vk, MAPVK_VK_TO_CHAR);
+        char keyName[128];
+        if (GetKeyNameText((LONG) (vsc << 16), keyName, sizeof(keyName))) {
+            return fmt::format("Scan: %d - VK: {} - Key: {}", vk, keyName);
+        } else if (ch) {
+            return fmt::format("Scan: %d - VK: {} - Char: '{}'", vk, ch);
+        } else {
+            return fmt::format("Scan: %d - VK: {}", vk);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::config_load() {
+        this->config_path = std::filesystem::path(_wgetenv(L"APPDATA"));
+        this->config_path /= fmt::format(L"spicetools_kfcontrol_{}.json", config_profile);
+
+        // check if config missing
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(config_path)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // read config file
+        std::string config = fileutils::text_read(config_path);
+        if (config.empty()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // parse document
+        log_info("kfcontrol", "loading config from: {}", config_path.string());
+        Document doc;
+        if (doc.Parse(config.c_str()).HasParseError()) {
+            log_warning("kfcontrol", "unable to parse config: {}", doc.GetParseError());
+        }
+
+        // verify root is a dict
+        if (!doc.IsObject()) {
+            log_warning("kfcontrol", "config not a dict");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // read settings
+        load_val(doc, "poll_delay", poll_delay);
+        auto vol_deadzone_it = doc.FindMember("vol_deadzone");
+        if (vol_deadzone_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_deadzone_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            vol_deadzone = vol_deadzone_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto vol_timeout_it = doc.FindMember("vol_timeout");
+        if (vol_timeout_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_deadzone_it->value.IsUint64()) {
+            vol_timeout = vol_timeout_it->value.GetUint64();
+        }
+        auto vol_mouse_it = doc.FindMember("vol_mouse");
+        if (vol_mouse_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_mouse_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            vol_mouse = vol_mouse_it->value.GetBool();
+        }
+        load_val(doc, "vol_mouse_sensitivity", vol_mouse_sensitivity);
+        auto start_click_it = doc.FindMember("start_click");
+        if (start_click_it != doc.MemberEnd() && start_click_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            start_click = start_click_it->value.GetBool();
+        }
+        auto kp_profiles_it = doc.FindMember("kp_profiles");
+        if (kp_profiles_it != doc.MemberEnd() && kp_profiles_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            kp_profiles = kp_profiles_it->value.GetBool();
+        }
+        auto vol_sound_it = doc.FindMember("vol_sound");
+        if (vol_sound_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_sound_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            vol_sound = vol_sound_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto vol_headphone_it = doc.FindMember("vol_headphone");
+        if (vol_headphone_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_headphone_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            vol_headphone = vol_headphone_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto vol_external_it = doc.FindMember("vol_external");
+        if (vol_external_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_external_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            vol_external = vol_external_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto vol_woofer_it = doc.FindMember("vol_woofer");
+        if (vol_woofer_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_woofer_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            vol_woofer = vol_woofer_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto vol_mute_it = doc.FindMember("vol_mute");
+        if (vol_mute_it != doc.MemberEnd() && vol_mute_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            vol_mute = vol_mute_it->value.GetBool();
+        }
+        auto icca_timeout_it = doc.FindMember("icca_timeout");
+        if (icca_timeout_it != doc.MemberEnd() && icca_timeout_it->value.IsUint64()) {
+            icca_timeout = icca_timeout_it->value.GetUint64();
+        }
+        auto icca_file_it = doc.FindMember("icca_file");
+        if (icca_file_it != doc.MemberEnd() && icca_file_it->value.IsString()) {
+            if (icca_file_it->value.GetStringLength() < sizeof(icca_file)) {
+                strcpy(icca_file, icca_file_it->value.GetString());
+            }
+        }
+        auto coin_timeout_it = doc.FindMember("coin_timeout");
+        if (coin_timeout_it != doc.MemberEnd() && coin_timeout_it->value.IsUint64()) {
+            coin_timeout = coin_timeout_it->value.GetUint64();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_left_up_r_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_left_up_r");
+        if (light_wing_left_up_r_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_left_up_r_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_left_up.x = light_wing_left_up_r_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_left_up_g_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_left_up_g");
+        if (light_wing_left_up_g_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_left_up_g_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_left_up.y = light_wing_left_up_g_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_left_up_b_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_left_up_b");
+        if (light_wing_left_up_b_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_left_up_b_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_left_up.z = light_wing_left_up_b_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_left_low_r_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_left_low_r");
+        if (light_wing_left_low_r_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_left_low_r_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_left_low.x = light_wing_left_low_r_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_left_low_g_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_left_low_g");
+        if (light_wing_left_low_g_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_left_low_g_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_left_low.y = light_wing_left_low_g_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_left_low_b_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_left_low_b");
+        if (light_wing_left_low_b_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_left_low_b_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_left_low.z = light_wing_left_low_b_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_right_up_r_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_right_up_r");
+        if (light_wing_right_up_r_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_right_up_r_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_right_up.x = light_wing_right_up_r_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_right_up_g_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_right_up_g");
+        if (light_wing_right_up_g_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_right_up_g_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_right_up.y = light_wing_right_up_g_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_right_up_b_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_right_up_b");
+        if (light_wing_right_up_b_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_right_up_b_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_right_up.z = light_wing_right_up_b_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_right_low_r_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_right_low_r");
+        if (light_wing_right_low_r_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_right_low_r_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_right_low.x = light_wing_right_low_r_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_right_low_g_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_right_low_g");
+        if (light_wing_right_low_g_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_right_low_g_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_right_low.y = light_wing_right_low_g_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_wing_right_low_b_it = doc.FindMember("light_wing_right_low_b");
+        if (light_wing_right_low_b_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_wing_right_low_b_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_wing_right_low.z = light_wing_right_low_b_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_woofer_r_it = doc.FindMember("light_woofer_r");
+        if (light_woofer_r_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_woofer_r_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_woofer.x = light_woofer_r_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_woofer_g_it = doc.FindMember("light_woofer_g");
+        if (light_woofer_g_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_woofer_g_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_woofer.y = light_woofer_g_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_woofer_b_it = doc.FindMember("light_woofer_b");
+        if (light_woofer_b_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_woofer_b_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_woofer.z = light_woofer_b_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_controller_r_it = doc.FindMember("light_controller_r");
+        if (light_controller_r_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_controller_r_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_controller.x = light_controller_r_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_controller_g_it = doc.FindMember("light_controller_g");
+        if (light_controller_g_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_controller_g_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_controller.y = light_controller_g_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_controller_b_it = doc.FindMember("light_controller_b");
+        if (light_controller_b_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_controller_b_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_controller.z = light_controller_b_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_generator_r_it = doc.FindMember("light_generator_r");
+        if (light_generator_r_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_generator_r_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_generator.x = light_generator_r_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_generator_g_it = doc.FindMember("light_generator_g");
+        if (light_generator_g_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_generator_g_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_generator.y = light_generator_g_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto light_generator_b_it = doc.FindMember("light_generator_b");
+        if (light_generator_b_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_generator_b_it->value.IsFloat()) {
+            light_generator.z = light_generator_b_it->value.GetFloat();
+        }
+        auto lcd_bri_it = doc.FindMember("lcd_bri");
+        if (lcd_bri_it != doc.MemberEnd() && lcd_bri_it->value.IsUint()) {
+            games::shared::LCD_BRI = lcd_bri_it->value.GetUint();
+        }
+        auto lcd_con_it = doc.FindMember("lcd_con");
+        if (lcd_con_it != doc.MemberEnd() && lcd_con_it->value.IsUint()) {
+            games::shared::LCD_CON = lcd_con_it->value.GetUint();
+        }
+        auto lcd_bl_it = doc.FindMember("lcd_bl");
+        if (lcd_bl_it != doc.MemberEnd() && lcd_bl_it->value.IsUint()) {
+            games::shared::LCD_BL = lcd_bl_it->value.GetUint();
+        }
+        auto lcd_red_it = doc.FindMember("lcd_red");
+        if (lcd_red_it != doc.MemberEnd() && lcd_red_it->value.IsUint()) {
+            games::shared::LCD_RED = lcd_red_it->value.GetUint();
+        }
+        auto lcd_green_it = doc.FindMember("lcd_green");
+        if (lcd_green_it != doc.MemberEnd() && lcd_green_it->value.IsUint()) {
+            games::shared::LCD_GREEN = lcd_green_it->value.GetUint();
+        }
+        auto lcd_blue_it = doc.FindMember("lcd_blue");
+        if (lcd_blue_it != doc.MemberEnd() && lcd_blue_it->value.IsUint()) {
+            games::shared::LCD_BLUE = lcd_blue_it->value.GetUint();
+        }
+        auto coin_block_it = doc.FindMember("coin_block");
+        if (coin_block_it != doc.MemberEnd() && coin_block_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            eamuse_coin_set_block(coin_block_it->value.GetBool());
+        }
+        auto light_buttons_it = doc.FindMember("light_buttons");
+        if (light_buttons_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_buttons_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            light_buttons = light_buttons_it->value.GetBool();
+        }
+        auto light_hue_preview_it = doc.FindMember("light_hue_preview");
+        if (light_hue_preview_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_hue_preview_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            light_hue_preview = light_hue_preview_it->value.GetBool();
+        }
+        auto light_hue_disable_it = doc.FindMember("light_hue_disable");
+        if (light_hue_disable_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_hue_disable_it->value.IsBool()) {
+            light_hue_disable = light_hue_disable_it->value.GetBool();
+        }
+        auto light_hue_func_it = doc.FindMember("light_hue_func");
+        if (light_hue_func_it != doc.MemberEnd() && light_hue_func_it->value.IsUint()) {
+            auto val = light_hue_func_it->value.GetUint();
+            if (val < (int) HueFunc::Count) {
+                light_hue_func = (HueFunc) val;
+            }
+        }
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_left_up_hue_amp", light_wing_left_up_hue_amp);
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_left_up_hue_per", light_wing_left_up_hue_per);
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_left_low_hue_amp", light_wing_left_low_hue_amp);
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_left_low_hue_per", light_wing_left_low_hue_per);
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_right_up_hue_amp", light_wing_right_up_hue_amp);
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_right_up_hue_per", light_wing_right_up_hue_per);
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_right_low_hue_amp", light_wing_right_low_hue_amp);
+        load_val(doc, "light_wing_right_low_hue_per", light_wing_right_low_hue_per);
+        load_val(doc, "light_woofer_hue_amp", light_woofer_hue_amp);
+        load_val(doc, "light_woofer_hue_per", light_woofer_hue_per);
+        load_val(doc, "light_controller_hue_amp", light_controller_hue_amp);
+        load_val(doc, "light_controller_hue_per", light_controller_hue_per);
+        load_val(doc, "light_generator_hue_amp", light_generator_hue_amp);
+        load_val(doc, "light_generator_hue_per", light_generator_hue_per);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_service", scan_service);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_test", scan_test);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_coin_mech", scan_coin_mech);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_bt_a", scan_bt_a);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_bt_b", scan_bt_b);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_bt_c", scan_bt_c);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_bt_d", scan_bt_d);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_fx_l", scan_fx_l);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_fx_r", scan_fx_r);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_start", scan_start);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_headphone", scan_headphone);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_vol_l_left", scan_vol_l_left);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_vol_l_right", scan_vol_l_right);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_vol_r_left", scan_vol_r_left);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_vol_r_right", scan_vol_r_right);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_icca", scan_icca);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_coin", scan_coin);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_0", scan_kp_0);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_1", scan_kp_1);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_2", scan_kp_2);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_3", scan_kp_3);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_4", scan_kp_4);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_5", scan_kp_5);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_6", scan_kp_6);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_7", scan_kp_7);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_8", scan_kp_8);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_9", scan_kp_9);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_00", scan_kp_00);
+        load_val(doc, "scan_kp_decimal", scan_kp_decimal);
+    }
+
+    ImVec4 KFControl::hsv_transform(ImVec4 col, float hue, float sat, float val) {
+        ImVec4 hsv;
+        ImGui::ColorConvertRGBtoHSV(col.x, col.y, col.z, hsv.x, hsv.y, hsv.z);
+        hsv.x += hue;
+        if (hsv.x < 0.f) {
+            hsv.x = 1.f + hsv.x;
+        }
+        if (hsv.x > 1.f) {
+            hsv.x = fmodf(hsv.x, 1.f);
+        }
+        hsv.y *= sat;
+        hsv.z *= val;
+        ImGui::ColorConvertHSVtoRGB(hsv.x, hsv.y, hsv.z, col.x, col.y, col.z);
+        return col;
+    }
+
+    ImVec4 KFControl::hue_shift(ImVec4 col, float amp, float per, uint64_t ms) {
+        if (light_hue_disable) return col;
+        if (fabs(amp) < 0.001f) return col;
+        if (per < 0.001f) per = 0.001f;
+        uint64_t per_ms = per * 1000;
+        auto per_cur = (ms % per_ms) / (float) per_ms;
+        auto amp_cur = 0.f;
+        switch (light_hue_func) {
+            default:
+            case HueFunc::Sine:
+                amp_cur = sinf(per_cur * (M_PI * 2)) * amp;
+                break;
+            case HueFunc::Cosine:
+                amp_cur = cosf(per_cur * (M_PI * 2)) * amp;
+                break;
+            case HueFunc::Absolute:
+                if (per_cur < 0.5f)
+                    amp_cur = per_cur * 2 * amp - amp * 0.5f;
+                else
+                    amp_cur = (1.f - (per_cur - 0.5f) * 2) * amp - amp * 0.5f;
+                break;
+            case HueFunc::Linear:
+                amp_cur = per_cur * amp - amp * 0.5f;
+                break;
+        }
+        return hsv_transform(col, amp_cur);
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::build_content() {
+        auto time_cur = get_system_milliseconds();
+
+        // if standalone then fullscreen window
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            ImGui::SetWindowPos(ImVec2(0, 0));
+            ImGui::SetWindowSize(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize);
+        }
+
+        // get IO pointers
+        auto buttons = games::get_buttons("Sound Voltex");
+        auto analogs = games::get_analogs("Sound Voltex");
+        //auto lights = games::get_lights("Sound Voltex");
+
+        // get button states
+        auto service_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Service));
+        auto test_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Test));
+        auto coin_mech_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::CoinMech));
+        auto bt_a_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_A));
+        auto bt_b_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_B));
+        auto bt_c_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_C));
+        auto bt_d_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_D));
+        auto fx_l_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_L));
+        auto fx_r_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_R));
+        auto start_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Start));
+        auto headphone_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Headphone));
+
+        // get analog states
+        auto vol_l_state = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs->at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_L));
+        auto vol_r_state = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs->at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_R));
+
+        // tab bar
+        if (!ImGui::BeginTabBar("KFControl")) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // display API state
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("API")) {
+            if (API_CONTROLLER == nullptr) {
+                ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f), "Warning: No API server running!");
+                ImGui::HelpMarker("Please specify \"-api [PORT]\" / \"-apipass [PASS] \" command line arguments.");
+                ImGui::Separator();
+            } else {
+                std::vector<api::ClientState> client_states;
+                API_CONTROLLER->obtain_client_states(&client_states);
+
+                // show ip addresses
+                auto ip_addresses = netutils::get_local_addresses();
+                if (!ip_addresses.empty()) {
+                    ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+                    if (ImGui::TreeNode("Local IP-Addresses")) {
+                        for (auto &adr : ip_addresses) {
+                            ImGui::BulletText("%s", adr.c_str());
+                        }
+                        ImGui::TreePop();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // client count
+                ImGui::Text("Connected clients: %u", (unsigned int) client_states.size());
+
+                // iterate clients
+                for (auto &client : client_states) {
+                    auto address = API_CONTROLLER->get_ip_address(client.address);
+                    if (ImGui::TreeNode(("Client @ " + address).c_str())) {
+                        if (client.password.empty()) {
+                            ImGui::Text("No password set.");
+                        } else {
+                            ImGui::Text("Password set.");
+                        }
+                        if (ImGui::TreeNode("Modules")) {
+                            for (auto &module : client.modules) {
+                                if (ImGui::TreeNode(module->name.c_str())) {
+                                    ImGui::Text("Password force: %i", module->password_force);
+                                    ImGui::TreePop();
+                                }
+                            }
+                            ImGui::TreePop();
+                        }
+                        ImGui::TreePop();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        // display input states
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Input")) {
+
+            // text view
+            ImGui::Text("Service:   %s", service_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("Test:      %s", test_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("Coin Mech: %s", coin_mech_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("BT-A:      %s", bt_a_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("BT-B:      %s", bt_b_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("BT-C:      %s", bt_c_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("BT-D:      %s", bt_d_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("FX-L:      %s", fx_l_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("FX-R:      %s", fx_r_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("Start:     %s", start_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+            ImGui::Text("Headphone: %s", headphone_state ? "ON" : "OFF");
+
+            // labeled knobs
+            ImGui::Knob(vol_l_state, 39.f);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Knob(vol_r_state, 39.f);
+            ImGui::Text("VOL-L  VOL-R");
+
+            // prepare controller view
+            auto draw = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+            float bt_space = 50;
+            ImVec2 bt_a_pos(175 + 0 * bt_space, 140);
+            ImVec2 bt_b_pos(175 + 1 * bt_space, 140);
+            ImVec2 bt_c_pos(175 + 2 * bt_space, 140);
+            ImVec2 bt_d_pos(175 + 3 * bt_space, 140);
+            ImVec2 fx_l_pos((bt_a_pos.x + bt_b_pos.x) * 0.5f, bt_a_pos.y + bt_space);
+            ImVec2 fx_r_pos((bt_c_pos.x + bt_d_pos.x) * 0.5f, bt_d_pos.y + bt_space);
+            ImVec2 start_pos((bt_b_pos.x + bt_c_pos.x) * 0.5f, bt_b_pos.y - bt_space);
+            ImVec2 vol_l_pos(bt_a_pos.x - bt_space * 1.00f, bt_a_pos.y - bt_space * 1.25f);
+            ImVec2 vol_r_pos(bt_d_pos.x + bt_space * 0.25f, bt_d_pos.y - bt_space * 1.25f);
+            ImColor col_off(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f);
+            ImColor col_on(1.f, 0.3f, 0.3f, 1.f);
+
+            // abcd buttons
+            draw->AddRectFilled(
+                    ImVec2(bt_a_pos.x - 15, bt_a_pos.y - 15),
+                    ImVec2(bt_a_pos.x + 15, bt_a_pos.y + 15),
+                    bt_a_state ? col_on : col_off);
+            draw->AddRectFilled(
+                    ImVec2(bt_b_pos.x - 15, bt_b_pos.y - 15),
+                    ImVec2(bt_b_pos.x + 15, bt_b_pos.y + 15),
+                    bt_b_state ? col_on : col_off);
+            draw->AddRectFilled(
+                    ImVec2(bt_c_pos.x - 15, bt_c_pos.y - 15),
+                    ImVec2(bt_c_pos.x + 15, bt_c_pos.y + 15),
+                    bt_c_state ? col_on : col_off);
+            draw->AddRectFilled(
+                    ImVec2(bt_d_pos.x - 15, bt_d_pos.y - 15),
+                    ImVec2(bt_d_pos.x + 15, bt_d_pos.y + 15),
+                    bt_d_state ? col_on : col_off);
+
+            // fx buttons
+            draw->AddRectFilled(
+                    ImVec2(fx_l_pos.x - 20, fx_l_pos.y - 10),
+                    ImVec2(fx_l_pos.x + 20, fx_l_pos.y + 10),
+                    fx_l_state ? col_on : col_off);
+            draw->AddRectFilled(
+                    ImVec2(fx_r_pos.x - 20, fx_r_pos.y - 10),
+                    ImVec2(fx_r_pos.x + 20, fx_r_pos.y + 10),
+                    fx_r_state ? col_on : col_off);
+
+            // start button
+            draw->AddRectFilled(
+                    ImVec2(start_pos.x - 10, start_pos.y - 10),
+                    ImVec2(start_pos.x + 10, start_pos.y + 10),
+                    start_state ? col_on : col_off);
+
+            // knobs
+            ImGui::Knob(vol_l_state, bt_space * 0.75f, 2.f,
+                    vol_l_pos.x, vol_l_pos.y);
+            ImGui::Knob(vol_r_state, bt_space * 0.75f, 2.f,
+                    vol_r_pos.x, vol_r_pos.y);
+
+            // end tab
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        // display light states
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Lights")) {
+
+            // set up columns
+            ImGui::Columns(3, "LightColumns", false);
+            ImGui::SetColumnWidth(0, 60);
+            ImGui::SetColumnWidth(1, 60);
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Hue Amp");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Hue Per");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Light Color");
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Separator();
+
+            // lock data
+            worker_m.lock();
+
+            // wing left up light
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue00", (float *) &light_wing_left_up_hue_amp, 0.001f, 0.f, 16.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue01", (float *) &light_wing_left_up_hue_per, 0.001f, 0.001f, 60.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(150);
+            if (light_hue_preview) {
+                auto shift = hue_shift(light_wing_left_up,
+                                       light_wing_left_up_hue_amp,
+                                       light_wing_left_up_hue_per,
+                                       time_cur);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Left Up", (float *) &shift);
+            } else {
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Left Up", (float *) &light_wing_left_up);
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // wing left low light
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue10", (float *) &light_wing_left_low_hue_amp, 0.001f, 0.f, 16.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue11", (float *) &light_wing_left_low_hue_per, 0.001f, 0.001f, 60.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(150);
+            if (light_hue_preview) {
+                auto shift = hue_shift(light_wing_left_low,
+                                       light_wing_left_low_hue_amp,
+                                       light_wing_left_low_hue_per,
+                                       time_cur);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Left Low", (float *) &shift);
+            } else {
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Left Low", (float *) &light_wing_left_low);
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // wing right up light
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue20", (float *) &light_wing_right_up_hue_amp, 0.001f, 0.f, 16.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue21", (float *) &light_wing_right_up_hue_per, 0.001f, 0.001f, 60.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(150);
+            if (light_hue_preview) {
+                auto shift = hue_shift(light_wing_right_up,
+                                       light_wing_right_up_hue_amp,
+                                       light_wing_right_up_hue_per,
+                                       time_cur);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Right Up", (float *) &shift);
+            } else {
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Right Up", (float *) &light_wing_right_up);
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // wing right low light
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue30", (float *) &light_wing_right_low_hue_amp, 0.001f, 0.f, 16.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue31", (float *) &light_wing_right_low_hue_per, 0.001f, 0.001f, 60.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(150);
+            if (light_hue_preview) {
+                auto shift = hue_shift(light_wing_right_low,
+                                       light_wing_right_low_hue_amp,
+                                       light_wing_right_low_hue_per,
+                                       time_cur);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Right Low", (float *) &shift);
+            } else {
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Wing Right Low", (float *) &light_wing_right_low);
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // woofer light
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue40", (float *) &light_woofer_hue_amp, 0.001f, 0.f, 16.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue41", (float *) &light_woofer_hue_per, 0.001f, 0.001f, 60.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(150);
+            if (light_hue_preview) {
+                auto shift = hue_shift(light_woofer,
+                                       light_woofer_hue_amp,
+                                       light_woofer_hue_per,
+                                       time_cur);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Woofer", (float *) &shift);
+            } else {
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Woofer", (float *) &light_woofer);
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // controller light
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue50", (float *) &light_controller_hue_amp, 0.001f, 0.f, 16.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue51", (float *) &light_controller_hue_per, 0.001f, 0.001f, 60.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(150);
+            if (light_hue_preview) {
+                auto shift = hue_shift(light_controller,
+                                       light_controller_hue_amp,
+                                       light_controller_hue_per,
+                                       time_cur);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Controller", (float *) &shift);
+            } else {
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Controller", (float *) &light_controller);
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // generator light
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue60", (float *) &light_generator_hue_amp, 0.001f, 0.f, 16.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(50);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("###hue61", (float *) &light_generator_hue_per, 0.001f, 0.001f, 60.f, "%.3f", 2.f);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(150);
+            if (light_hue_preview) {
+                auto shift = hue_shift(light_generator,
+                        light_generator_hue_amp,
+                        light_generator_hue_per,
+                        time_cur);
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Generator", (float *) &shift);
+            } else {
+                ImGui::ColorEdit3("Generator", (float *) &light_generator);
+            }
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // clean
+            worker_m.unlock();
+            ImGui::Columns();
+
+            // settings
+            ImGui::Text("Animation Settings");
+            const char *HUE_FUNCS[] = {"Sine", "Cosine", "Absolute", "Linear", "Count"};
+            if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Hue Function", HUE_FUNCS[(int) light_hue_func])) {
+                for (int i = 0; i < (int) HueFunc::Count; i++) {
+                    bool selected = i == (int) light_hue_func;
+                    if (ImGui::Selectable(HUE_FUNCS[i], selected)) {
+                        light_hue_func = (HueFunc) i;
+                    }
+                    if (selected) ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndCombo();
+            }
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Hue Preview", &light_hue_preview);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Hue Disable", &light_hue_disable);
+
+            // end tab
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        // display volume states
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Volumes")) {
+            ImGui::Text(
+                    "Sound Amplifier\n"
+                    "---------------\n");
+            ImGui::Text("Sound");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("###Sound", &vol_sound, 0.f, 1.f, "%.2f");
+            ImGui::Text("Headphone");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("###Headphone", &vol_headphone, 0.f, 1.f, "%.2f");
+            ImGui::Text("External");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("###External", &vol_external, 0.f, 1.f, "%.2f");
+            ImGui::Text("Woofer");
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("###Woofer", &vol_woofer, 0.f, 1.f, "%.2f");
+            ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(0.f, 5.f));
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("Settings");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Mute", &vol_mute);
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        // keys
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Keys")) {
+            ImGui::Text("Input Configuration");
+            if (ImGui::BeginChild("Buttons")) {
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Service", &scan_service, 0, 127, key_format(scan_service).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Test", &scan_test, 0, 127, key_format(scan_test).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Coin Mech", &scan_coin_mech, 0, 127, key_format(scan_coin_mech).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("BT-A", &scan_bt_a, 0, 127, key_format(scan_bt_a).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("BT-B", &scan_bt_b, 0, 127, key_format(scan_bt_b).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("BT-C", &scan_bt_c, 0, 127, key_format(scan_bt_c).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("BT-D", &scan_bt_d, 0, 127, key_format(scan_bt_d).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("FX-L", &scan_fx_l, 0, 127, key_format(scan_fx_l).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("FX-R", &scan_fx_r, 0, 127, key_format(scan_fx_r).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Start", &scan_start, 0, 127, key_format(scan_start).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Headphone", &scan_headphone, 0, 127, key_format(scan_headphone).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("VOL-L Left", &scan_vol_l_left, 0, 127, key_format(scan_vol_l_left).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("VOL-L Right", &scan_vol_l_right, 0, 127, key_format(scan_vol_l_right).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("VOL-R Left", &scan_vol_r_left, 0, 127, key_format(scan_vol_r_left).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("VOL-R Right", &scan_vol_r_right, 0, 127, key_format(scan_vol_r_right).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Card Swipe", &scan_icca, 0, 127, key_format(scan_icca).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Coin Insert", &scan_coin, 0, 127, key_format(scan_coin).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 0", &scan_kp_0, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_0).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 1", &scan_kp_1, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_1).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 2", &scan_kp_2, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_2).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 3", &scan_kp_3, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_3).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 4", &scan_kp_4, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_4).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 5", &scan_kp_5, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_5).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 6", &scan_kp_6, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_6).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 7", &scan_kp_7, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_7).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 8", &scan_kp_8, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_8).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 9", &scan_kp_9, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_9).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad 00", &scan_kp_00, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_00).c_str());
+                ImGui::SliderInt("Keypad Dec", &scan_kp_decimal, 0, 127, key_format(scan_kp_decimal).c_str());
+            }
+            ImGui::EndChild();
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        // opt
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Opt")) {
+            ImGui::Text("Tweaking");
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Change these settings on your own risk.\nReset if you messed up.");
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Knob Deadzone", &vol_deadzone, 0.0001f, 0.f, 1.f, "%.4f");
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Mouse Sensitivity", &vol_mouse_sensitivity, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f, "%.0f");
+            ImGui::DragInt("Knob Timeout (ms)", (int*) &vol_timeout, 1, 0, 2000);
+            ImGui::DragInt("Card Timeout (ms)", (int*) &icca_timeout, 1, 0, 2000);
+            ImGui::DragInt("Coin Timeout (ms)", (int*) &coin_timeout, 1, 0, 2000);
+            ImGui::DragInt("Poll Delay (ms)", (int*) &poll_delay, 0.01f, 0, 10);
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("Card Swipe Write ID to File");
+            ImGui::InputText("###icca_file", icca_file, sizeof(icca_file));
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("...")) {
+                std::thread thread([this] {
+
+                    // open dialog to get path
+                    auto ofn_path = std::make_unique<wchar_t[]>(sizeof(icca_file));
+                    OPENFILENAMEW ofn {};
+                    memset(&ofn, 0, sizeof(ofn));
+                    ofn.lStructSize = sizeof(ofn);
+                    ofn.hwndOwner = nullptr;
+                    ofn.lpstrFilter = L"";
+                    ofn.lpstrFile = ofn_path.get();
+                    ofn.nMaxFile = sizeof(icca_file);
+                    ofn.Flags = OFN_EXPLORER;
+                    ofn.lpstrDefExt = L"txt";
+
+                    // check for success
+                    if (GetSaveFileNameW(&ofn)) {
+
+                        // update path
+                        std::string path = std::filesystem::path(ofn_path.get()).string();
+                        if (path.length() < sizeof(icca_file)) {
+                            strcpy(icca_file, path.c_str());
+                        }
+
+                    } else {
+                        auto error = CommDlgExtendedError();
+                        if (error) {
+                            log_warning("kfcontrol", "failed to get save file name: {}", error);
+                        } else {
+                            log_warning("kfcontrol", "failed to get save file name");
+                        }
+                    }
+                });
+                thread.detach();
+            }
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Button Lights", &light_buttons);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Lights up buttons when pressed.");
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Keypad Profile Switch", &kp_profiles);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Changes the profile on number press.\nDiscards unsaved settings.");
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        // misc
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Misc")) {
+
+            /*
+             * LCD Settings
+             */
+
+            ImGui::Text("LCD Settings");
+            int lcd_bri = games::shared::LCD_BRI;
+            int lcd_con = games::shared::LCD_CON;
+            int lcd_bl = games::shared::LCD_BL;
+            int lcd_red = games::shared::LCD_RED;
+            int lcd_green = games::shared::LCD_GREEN;
+            int lcd_blue = games::shared::LCD_BLUE;
+            if (ImGui::SliderInt("Brightness", &lcd_bri, 0, 255)) {
+                games::shared::LCD_BRI = lcd_bri;
+            }
+            if (ImGui::SliderInt("Contrast", &lcd_con, 0, 255)) {
+                games::shared::LCD_CON = lcd_con;
+            }
+            if (ImGui::SliderInt("Black Value", &lcd_bl, 0, 255)) {
+                games::shared::LCD_BL = lcd_bl;
+            }
+            if (ImGui::SliderInt("Red Value", &lcd_red, 0, 255)) {
+                games::shared::LCD_RED = lcd_red;
+            }
+            if (ImGui::SliderInt("Green Value", &lcd_green, 0, 255)) {
+                games::shared::LCD_GREEN = lcd_green;
+            }
+            if (ImGui::SliderInt("Blue Value", &lcd_blue, 0, 255)) {
+                games::shared::LCD_BLUE = lcd_blue;
+            }
+
+            // settings
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("Settings");
+            auto block = eamuse_coin_get_block();
+            if (ImGui::Checkbox("Coin Blocker", &block)) {
+                eamuse_coin_set_block(block);
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Knobs Mouse", &vol_mouse);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Start Click", &start_click);
+
+            // save/load
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Text("Configuration");
+            if (ImGui::Button("Save")) {
+                config_save();
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Load")) {
+                config_load();
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Reset")) {
+                fileutils::text_write(config_path, "");
+                launcher::restart();
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::Checkbox("Overlay", &OVERLAY->hotkeys_enable);
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(80);
+            if (ImGui::InputInt("Profile", &config_profile, 1, 0)) {
+                if (config_profile < 0) config_profile = 0;
+                this->config_load();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        // about
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("About")) {
+            ImGui::Text(
+                    "Description\n"
+                    "-----------\n");
+            ImGui::Text(
+                  //"------------------------------------------------------"
+                    "This tool allows you to remotely control your\n"
+                    "KFChicken powered cabinet.");
+            ImGui::Text(
+                  //"------------------------------------------------------"
+                    "Buttons, knobs, card swipes and coins are mapped to\n"
+                    "your keyboard using the SendInput Windows API. Using\n"
+                    "this you can play K-Shoot MANIA and USC using your\n"
+                    "legit Sound Voltex cabinet.\n");
+            ImGui::Text(
+                    //"------------------------------------------------------"
+                    "You can also use this to receive remote input from\n"
+                    "the SpiceCompanion app.\n");
+            ImGui::Dummy(ImVec2(0, 5));
+            ImGui::Text(
+                    "Basic Usage\n"
+                    "-----------\n");
+            ImGui::Text(
+                  //"------------------------------------------------------"
+                    "Start KFControl using the '-api [PORT]' and\n"
+                    "'-apipass [PASS]' parameters and point your\n"
+                    "cabinet running KFChicken to this computer\n"
+                    "using the specified settings.");
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndTabBar();
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::worker_start() {
+        worker_running = true;
+        this->worker.reset(new std::thread(&KFControl::worker_func, this));
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::worker_func() {
+
+        // get IO pointers
+        auto buttons = games::get_buttons("Sound Voltex");
+        auto analogs = games::get_analogs("Sound Voltex");
+        auto lights = games::get_lights("Sound Voltex");
+
+        // button states
+        bool service_old = false;
+        bool test_old = false;
+        bool coin_mech_old = false;
+        bool bt_a_old = false;
+        bool bt_b_old = false;
+        bool bt_c_old = false;
+        bool bt_d_old = false;
+        bool fx_l_old = false;
+        bool fx_r_old = false;
+        bool start_old = false;
+        bool start_click_old = false;
+        bool headphone_old = false;
+        bool kp_0_old = false;
+        bool kp_1_old = false;
+        bool kp_2_old = false;
+        bool kp_3_old = false;
+        bool kp_4_old = false;
+        bool kp_5_old = false;
+        bool kp_6_old = false;
+        bool kp_7_old = false;
+        bool kp_8_old = false;
+        bool kp_9_old = false;
+        bool kp_00_old = false;
+        bool kp_decimal_old = false;
+
+        // volume states
+        float vol_l_old = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs->at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_L));
+        float vol_r_old = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs->at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_R));
+        int vol_l_trigger = 0;
+        int vol_r_trigger = 0;
+        uint64_t vol_l_time = 0;
+        uint64_t vol_r_time = 0;
+
+        // icca/coin states
+        bool icca_old = false;
+        bool coin_old = false;
+        uint64_t icca_time = 0;
+        uint64_t coin_time = 0;
+
+        // main loop
+        while (worker_running) {
+            uint64_t time_cur = get_system_milliseconds();
+
+            // update button states
+            auto service_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Service));
+            worker_button_check(service_state, &service_old, scan_service);
+            auto test_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Test));
+            worker_button_check(test_state, &test_old, scan_test);
+            auto coin_mech_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::CoinMech));
+            worker_button_check(coin_mech_state, &coin_mech_old, scan_coin_mech);
+            auto bt_a_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_A));
+            worker_button_check(bt_a_state, &bt_a_old, scan_bt_a);
+            auto bt_b_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_B));
+            worker_button_check(bt_b_state, &bt_b_old, scan_bt_b);
+            auto bt_c_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_C));
+            worker_button_check(bt_c_state, &bt_c_old, scan_bt_c);
+            auto bt_d_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::BT_D));
+            worker_button_check(bt_d_state, &bt_d_old, scan_bt_d);
+            auto fx_l_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_L));
+            worker_button_check(fx_l_state, &fx_l_old, scan_fx_l);
+            auto fx_r_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::FX_R));
+            worker_button_check(fx_r_state, &fx_r_old, scan_fx_r);
+            auto start_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Start));
+            worker_button_check(start_state, &start_old, scan_start);
+            auto headphone_state = Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::Headphone));
+            worker_button_check(headphone_state, &headphone_old, scan_headphone);
+
+            // mouse click on start button
+            if (start_click) {
+                if (start_state) {
+                    if (!start_click_old) {
+                        start_click_old = true;
+                        worker_mouse_click(true);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    if (start_click_old) {
+                        start_click_old = false;
+                        worker_mouse_click(false);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get analog states
+            auto vol_l_state = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs->at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_L));
+            auto vol_r_state = Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analogs->at(games::sdvx::Analogs::VOL_R));
+            auto vol_l_diff = vol_l_state - vol_l_old;
+            auto vol_r_diff = vol_r_state - vol_r_old;
+            auto vol_l_delta = time_cur - vol_l_time;
+            auto vol_r_delta = time_cur - vol_r_time;
+
+            // wrap around
+            if (vol_l_diff > 0.5f) {
+                vol_l_diff = -vol_l_old - (1 - vol_l_state);
+            }
+            if (vol_l_diff < -0.5f) {
+                vol_l_diff = (1 - vol_l_old) + vol_l_state;
+            }
+            if (vol_r_diff > 0.5f) {
+                vol_r_diff = -vol_r_old - (1 - vol_r_state);
+            }
+            if (vol_r_diff < -0.5f) {
+                vol_r_diff = (1 - vol_r_old) + vol_r_state;
+            }
+
+            // manual volume controls
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_L_Left))) {
+                vol_l_diff += vol_deadzone * -2;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_L_Right))) {
+                vol_l_diff += vol_deadzone * 2;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_R_Left))) {
+                vol_r_diff += vol_deadzone * -2;
+            }
+            if (Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, buttons->at(games::sdvx::Buttons::VOL_R_Right))) {
+                vol_r_diff += vol_deadzone * 2;
+            }
+
+            // left knob
+            if (std::abs(vol_l_diff) > vol_deadzone || vol_l_delta < vol_timeout) {
+                if (std::abs(vol_l_diff) > vol_deadzone) {
+                    vol_l_time = time_cur;
+                }
+                vol_l_old = vol_l_state;
+                if (vol_l_diff < 0 && vol_l_trigger != scan_vol_l_left) {
+                    if (vol_l_trigger != 0) worker_button_set(vol_l_trigger, false);
+                    vol_l_trigger = scan_vol_l_left;
+                    worker_button_set(vol_l_trigger, true);
+                } else if (vol_l_diff > 0 && vol_l_trigger != scan_vol_l_right) {
+                    if (vol_l_trigger != 0) worker_button_set(vol_l_trigger, false);
+                    vol_l_trigger = scan_vol_l_right;
+                    worker_button_set(vol_l_trigger, true);
+                }
+                if (vol_mouse) {
+                    worker_mouse_move(vol_l_diff * vol_mouse_sensitivity, 0);
+                }
+            } else {
+                vol_l_time = 0;
+                if (vol_l_trigger != 0) {
+                    worker_button_set(vol_l_trigger, false);
+                    vol_l_trigger = 0;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // right knob
+            if (std::abs(vol_r_diff) > vol_deadzone || vol_r_delta < vol_timeout) {
+                if (std::abs(vol_r_diff) > vol_deadzone) {
+                    vol_r_time = time_cur;
+                }
+                vol_r_old = vol_r_state;
+                if (vol_r_diff < 0 && vol_r_trigger != scan_vol_r_left) {
+                    if (vol_r_trigger != 0) worker_button_set(vol_r_trigger, false);
+                    vol_r_trigger = scan_vol_r_left;
+                    worker_button_set(vol_r_trigger, true);
+                } else if (vol_r_diff > 0 && vol_r_trigger != scan_vol_r_right) {
+                    if (vol_r_trigger != 0) worker_button_set(vol_r_trigger, false);
+                    vol_r_trigger = scan_vol_r_right;
+                    worker_button_set(vol_r_trigger, true);
+                }
+                if (vol_mouse) {
+                    worker_mouse_move(0, vol_r_diff * vol_mouse_sensitivity);
+                }
+            } else {
+                vol_r_time = 0;
+                if (vol_r_trigger != 0) {
+                    worker_button_set(vol_r_trigger, false);
+                    vol_r_trigger = 0;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // update icca
+            if (eamuse_card_insert_consume(1, 0)) {
+                icca_time = time_cur;
+
+                // write card ID to file
+                if (strlen(icca_file) > 0) {
+                    uint8_t card_data[8];
+                    if (eamuse_get_card(1, 0, card_data)) {
+                        auto card_hex = bin2hex(card_data, sizeof(card_data));
+                        fileutils::text_write(icca_file, card_hex);
+                        log_info("kfcontrol", "wrote {} to file", card_hex);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if (time_cur - icca_time < icca_timeout) {
+                if (!icca_old) {
+                    worker_button_set(scan_icca, true);
+                    icca_old = true;
+                }
+            } else if (icca_old) {
+                worker_button_set(scan_icca, false);
+                icca_old = false;
+            }
+
+            // update coin
+            if (eamuse_coin_consume_stock()) {
+                coin_time = time_cur;
+            }
+            if (time_cur - coin_time < coin_timeout) {
+                if (!coin_old) {
+                    worker_button_set(scan_coin, true);
+                    coin_old = true;
+                }
+            } else if (icca_old) {
+                worker_button_set(scan_coin, false);
+                coin_old = false;
+            }
+
+            // light hue shifts
+            auto hue_wing_left_up = hue_shift(
+                    light_wing_left_up,
+                    light_wing_left_up_hue_amp,
+                    light_wing_left_up_hue_per,
+                    time_cur);
+            auto hue_wing_left_low = hue_shift(
+                    light_wing_left_low,
+                    light_wing_left_low_hue_amp,
+                    light_wing_left_low_hue_per,
+                    time_cur);
+            auto hue_wing_right_up = hue_shift(
+                    light_wing_right_up,
+                    light_wing_right_up_hue_amp,
+                    light_wing_right_up_hue_per,
+                    time_cur);
+            auto hue_wing_right_low = hue_shift(
+                    light_wing_right_low,
+                    light_wing_right_low_hue_amp,
+                    light_wing_right_low_hue_per,
+                    time_cur);
+            auto hue_woofer = hue_shift(
+                    light_woofer,
+                    light_woofer_hue_amp,
+                    light_woofer_hue_per,
+                    time_cur);
+            auto hue_controller = hue_shift(
+                    light_controller,
+                    light_controller_hue_amp,
+                    light_controller_hue_per,
+                    time_cur);
+            auto hue_generator = hue_shift(
+                    light_generator,
+                    light_generator_hue_amp,
+                    light_generator_hue_per,
+                    time_cur);
+
+            // update lights
+            worker_m.lock();
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_R), hue_wing_left_up.x);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_G), hue_wing_left_up.y);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_UP_B), hue_wing_left_up.z);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_R), hue_wing_left_low.x);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_G), hue_wing_left_low.y);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_LEFT_LOW_B), hue_wing_left_low.z);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_R), hue_wing_right_up.x);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_G), hue_wing_right_up.y);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_UP_B), hue_wing_right_up.z);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_R), hue_wing_right_low.x);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_G), hue_wing_right_low.y);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WING_RIGHT_LOW_B), hue_wing_right_low.z);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_R), hue_woofer.x);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_G), hue_woofer.y);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::WOOFER_B), hue_woofer.z);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_R), hue_controller.x);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_G), hue_controller.y);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::CONTROLLER_B), hue_controller.z);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_R), hue_generator.x);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_G), hue_generator.y);
+            Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::GENERATOR_B), hue_generator.z);
+            if (vol_mute) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_SOUND), 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_HEADPHONE), 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_EXTERNAL), 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_WOOFER), 0.f);
+            } else {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_SOUND), vol_sound);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_HEADPHONE), vol_headphone);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_EXTERNAL), vol_external);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::VOLUME_WOOFER), vol_woofer);
+            }
+            worker_m.unlock();
+
+            // button lights
+            if (light_buttons) {
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::BT_A), bt_a_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::BT_B), bt_b_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::BT_C), bt_c_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::BT_D), bt_d_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::FX_L), fx_l_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::FX_R), fx_r_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+                Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, lights->at(games::sdvx::Lights::START), start_state ? 1.f : 0.f);
+            }
+
+            // update devices
+            RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+
+            // check keypad for input
+            auto keypad_state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(0);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0), &kp_0_old, scan_kp_0, 0);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1), &kp_1_old, scan_kp_1, 1);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2), &kp_2_old, scan_kp_2, 2);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3), &kp_3_old, scan_kp_3, 3);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4), &kp_4_old, scan_kp_4, 4);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5), &kp_5_old, scan_kp_5, 5);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6), &kp_6_old, scan_kp_6, 6);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7), &kp_7_old, scan_kp_7, 7);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8), &kp_8_old, scan_kp_8, 8);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9), &kp_9_old, scan_kp_9, 9);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00), &kp_00_old, scan_kp_00);
+            worker_button_check(keypad_state & (1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL), &kp_decimal_old, scan_kp_decimal);
+
+            // slow down
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(poll_delay));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::worker_button_check(bool state_new, bool *state_old, int scan, int profile) {
+
+        // check for trigger
+        if (state_new != *state_old) {
+
+            // set button state
+            if (scan != 0) {
+                worker_button_set(scan, state_new);
+            }
+
+            // switch profile
+            if (kp_profiles && profile >= 0 && state_new) {
+                config_profile = profile;
+                config_load();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // update old state
+        *state_old = state_new;
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::worker_button_set(int scan, bool state) {
+        INPUT ip;
+        ip.type = INPUT_KEYBOARD;
+        ip.ki.wScan = scan;
+        ip.ki.time = 0;
+        ip.ki.dwExtraInfo = 0;
+        ip.ki.wVk = 0;
+        ip.ki.dwFlags = KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE | (state ? 0 : KEYEVENTF_KEYUP);
+        SendInput(1, &ip, sizeof(INPUT));
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::worker_mouse_click(bool state) {
+        INPUT ip;
+        ip.type = INPUT_MOUSE;
+        ip.mi.dwFlags = state ? MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN : MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP;
+        SendInput(1, &ip, sizeof(INPUT));
+    }
+
+    void KFControl::worker_mouse_move(int dx, int dy) {
+        if (dx == 0 && dy == 0) return;
+        INPUT ip;
+        ip.type = INPUT_MOUSE;
+        ip.mi.dx = dx;
+        ip.mi.dy = dy;
+        ip.mi.mouseData = 0;
+        ip.mi.dwFlags = MOUSEEVENTF_MOVE;
+        ip.mi.dwExtraInfo = 0;
+        SendInput(1, &ip, sizeof(INPUT));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/kfcontrol.h b/overlay/windows/kfcontrol.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb82079
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/kfcontrol.h
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <memory>
+#include <filesystem>
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    enum class HueFunc : int {
+        Sine, Cosine, Absolute, Linear,
+        Count
+    };
+
+    class KFControl : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        KFControl(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~KFControl() override;
+
+        void config_save();
+        void config_load();
+        ImVec4 hsv_transform(ImVec4 col,
+                float hue = 0.f, float sat = 1.f, float val = 1.f);
+        ImVec4 hue_shift(ImVec4 col, float amp, float per, uint64_t ms);
+
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    private:
+        std::filesystem::path config_path;
+        int config_profile = 0;
+
+        std::unique_ptr<std::thread> worker;
+        bool worker_running = false;
+        void worker_start();
+        void worker_func();
+        std::mutex worker_m;
+        void worker_button_check(bool state_new, bool *state_old, int scan,
+                int profile_switch = -1);
+        void worker_button_set(int scan, bool state);
+        void worker_mouse_click(bool state);
+        void worker_mouse_move(int dx, int dy);
+
+        int poll_delay = 1;
+        float vol_deadzone = 0.003f;
+        uint64_t vol_timeout = 32;
+        bool vol_mouse = false;
+        float vol_mouse_sensitivity = 512;
+        bool start_click = false;
+        bool kp_profiles = false;
+
+        float vol_sound = 0.f;
+        float vol_headphone = 0.f;
+        float vol_external = 0.f;
+        float vol_woofer = 0.f;
+        bool vol_mute = false;
+
+        char icca_file[512] = "";
+        uint64_t icca_timeout = 4000;
+        uint64_t coin_timeout = 250;
+
+        ImVec4 light_wing_left_up {};
+        ImVec4 light_wing_left_low {};
+        ImVec4 light_wing_right_up {};
+        ImVec4 light_wing_right_low {};
+        ImVec4 light_woofer {};
+        ImVec4 light_controller {};
+        ImVec4 light_generator {};
+
+        bool light_buttons = true;
+        bool light_hue_preview = false;
+        bool light_hue_disable = false;
+        HueFunc light_hue_func = HueFunc::Sine;
+        float light_wing_left_up_hue_amp = 0.f;
+        float light_wing_left_up_hue_per = 1.f;
+        float light_wing_left_low_hue_amp = 0.f;
+        float light_wing_left_low_hue_per = 1.f;
+        float light_wing_right_up_hue_amp = 0.f;
+        float light_wing_right_up_hue_per = 1.f;
+        float light_wing_right_low_hue_amp = 0.f;
+        float light_wing_right_low_hue_per = 1.f;
+        float light_woofer_hue_amp = 0.f;
+        float light_woofer_hue_per = 1.f;
+        float light_controller_hue_amp = 0.f;
+        float light_controller_hue_per = 1.f;
+        float light_generator_hue_amp = 0.f;
+        float light_generator_hue_per = 1.f;
+
+        /*
+         * Keyboard Scancodes
+         * Check: http://kbdlayout.info/kbdus/overview+scancodes
+         */
+
+        int scan_service = 3;
+        int scan_test = 4;
+        int scan_coin_mech = 5;
+        int scan_bt_a = 32;
+        int scan_bt_b = 33;
+        int scan_bt_c = 36;
+        int scan_bt_d = 37;
+        int scan_fx_l = 46;
+        int scan_fx_r = 50;
+        int scan_start = 2;
+        int scan_headphone = 0;
+        int scan_vol_l_left = 17;
+        int scan_vol_l_right = 18;
+        int scan_vol_r_left = 24;
+        int scan_vol_r_right = 25;
+        int scan_icca = 6;
+        int scan_coin = 7;
+        int scan_kp_0 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_1 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_2 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_3 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_4 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_5 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_6 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_7 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_8 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_9 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_00 = 0;
+        int scan_kp_decimal = 0;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/log.cpp b/overlay/windows/log.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2584a7c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/log.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "log.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    Log::Log(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Log";
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleLog;
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * 0.8f,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y * 0.8f);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(250, 200);
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2 - this->init_size.y / 2);
+
+        // read existing contents from file
+        if (LOG_FILE_PATH.length() > 0) {
+            auto contents = fileutils::text_read(LOG_FILE_PATH);
+            if (contents.length() > 0) {
+                this->log_hook(this, contents, logger::Style::DEFAULT, contents);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add log hook
+        logger::hook_add(&log_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    Log::~Log() {
+
+        // remove log hook
+        logger::hook_remove(&log_hook, this);
+    }
+
+    void Log::clear() {
+
+        // lock and clear the data vector
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(this->log_data_m);
+        this->log_data.clear();
+    }
+
+    void Log::build_content() {
+
+        // clear button
+        if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+            this->clear();
+        }
+
+        // autoscroll option
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Autoscroll", &this->autoscroll);
+
+        // filter
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        this->filter.Draw("Filter", -50.f);
+
+        // log area
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::BeginChild("scrolling", ImVec2(0, 0), false, ImGuiWindowFlags_HorizontalScrollbar);
+
+        // iterate log data
+        this->log_data_m.lock();
+        for (auto &data : log_data) {
+
+            // ignore empty lines and check filter
+            if (data.first != "\r\n" && this->filter.PassFilter(data.first.c_str())) {
+
+                // decide on color
+                ImVec4 col(1.f, 1.f, 1.f, 1.f);
+                switch (data.second) {
+                    case logger::GREY:
+                        col = ImVec4(0.6f, 0.6f, 0.6f, 1.f);
+                        break;
+                    case logger::YELLOW:
+                        col = ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f);
+                        break;
+                    case logger::RED:
+                        col = ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
+                        break;
+                    case logger::DEFAULT:
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                // draw text
+                ImGui::TextColored(col, "%s", data.first.c_str());
+            }
+        }
+        this->log_data_m.unlock();
+
+        // automatic scrolling to bottom
+        if (scroll_to_bottom) {
+            scroll_to_bottom = false;
+            ImGui::SetScrollHereY(1.f);
+        }
+
+        // end log area
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+    }
+
+    bool Log::log_hook(void *user, const std::string &data, logger::Style style, std::string &out) {
+
+        // get reference from user pointer
+        auto This = reinterpret_cast<Log *>(user);
+
+        // copy log data
+        This->log_data_m.lock();
+        This->log_data.emplace_back(data, style);
+        This->log_data_m.unlock();
+
+        // autoscroll
+        if (This->autoscroll) {
+            This->scroll_to_bottom = true;
+        }
+
+        // don't replace log data
+        return false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/log.h b/overlay/windows/log.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..422581f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/log.h
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mutex>
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "launcher/logger.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class Log : public Window {
+    private:
+
+        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, logger::Style>> log_data;
+        std::mutex log_data_m;
+        ImGuiTextFilter filter;
+        bool scroll_to_bottom = true;
+        bool autoscroll = true;
+
+        void clear();
+
+    public:
+
+        Log(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~Log() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+        static bool log_hook(void *user, const std::string &data, logger::Style style, std::string &out);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/midi.cpp b/overlay/windows/midi.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dea9618
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/midi.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+#include "midi.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    static std::string midi_cmd_str(uint8_t cmd) {
+        const char *name = "UNKNOWN";
+        switch (cmd) {
+            case 0x8:
+                name = "NOTE OFF";
+                break;
+            case 0x9:
+                name = "NOTE ON";
+                break;
+            case 0xA:
+                name = "POLY.PRESS.";
+                break;
+            case 0xB:
+                name = "CTRL CHANGE";
+                break;
+            case 0xC:
+                name = "PRG CHANGE";
+                break;
+            case 0xD:
+                name = "CHAN.PRESS.";
+                break;
+            case 0xE:
+                name = "PITCH BEND";
+                break;
+            case 0xF:
+                name = "SYSTEM";
+                break;
+        }
+        return fmt::format("{} (0x{:2X})", name, cmd);
+    }
+
+    MIDIWindow::MIDIWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "MIDI Control";
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * 0.8f,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y * 0.8f);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(250, 200);
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2 - this->init_size.y / 2);
+        this->active = true;
+
+        // add hook for receiving midi messages
+        RI_MGR->add_callback_midi(this, MIDIWindow::midi_hook);
+    }
+
+    MIDIWindow::~MIDIWindow() {
+        RI_MGR->remove_callback_midi(this, MIDIWindow::midi_hook);
+    }
+
+    void MIDIWindow::build_content() {
+
+        // reset button
+        if (ImGui::Button("Reset")) {
+            this->midi_data.clear();
+        }
+
+        // autoscroll checkbox
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Autoscroll", &this->autoscroll);
+
+        // log section
+        ImGui::BeginChild("MidiLog", ImVec2(), false);
+
+        // header
+        ImGui::Columns(5, "MidiLogColumns", true);
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Device"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Command"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Channel"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Data 1"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.7f, 0, 1), "Data 2"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+        // data
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        for (auto &data : this->midi_data) {
+
+            // set color
+            srand(data.device->id * 2111);
+            float hue = ((float) rand()) / ((float) RAND_MAX);
+            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImColor::HSV(hue, 0.8f, 0.8f, 1.f).Value);
+
+            // data cells
+            ImGui::Text("%i: %s", (int) data.device->id, data.device->desc.c_str());
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("%s", midi_cmd_str(data.cmd).c_str());
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("0x%02X - %i", data.ch, data.ch);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("0x%02X", data.b1);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+            ImGui::Text("0x%02X", data.b2);
+            ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+            // clean up
+            ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+        }
+
+        // autoscroll
+        if (this->autoscroll_apply) {
+            this->autoscroll_apply = false;
+            ImGui::SetScrollHereY(1.f);
+        }
+
+        // clean up section
+        ImGui::Columns();
+        ImGui::EndChild();
+    }
+
+    void MIDIWindow::midi_hook(void *user, rawinput::Device *device,
+            uint8_t cmd, uint8_t ch, uint8_t b1, uint8_t b2) {
+        auto This = (MIDIWindow*) user;
+        This->midi_data.emplace_back(MIDIData {
+            .device = device,
+            .cmd = cmd,
+            .ch = ch,
+            .b1 = b1,
+            .b2 = b2,
+        });
+        if (This->autoscroll) {
+            This->autoscroll_apply = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/midi.h b/overlay/windows/midi.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9ca2b2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/midi.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    struct MIDIData {
+        rawinput::Device *device;
+        uint8_t cmd, ch;
+        uint8_t b1, b2;
+    };
+
+    class MIDIWindow : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        MIDIWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~MIDIWindow() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+        static void midi_hook(void *user, rawinput::Device *device,
+                uint8_t cmd, uint8_t ch, uint8_t b1, uint8_t b2);
+
+    private:
+
+        std::vector<MIDIData> midi_data;
+        bool autoscroll = true;
+        bool autoscroll_apply = false;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/patch_manager.cpp b/overlay/windows/patch_manager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f21c22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/patch_manager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2999 @@
+#include "patch_manager.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <shellapi.h>
+#include <winhttp.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#include <format>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/prettywriter.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/stringbuffer.h"
+#include "external/rapidjson/error/en.h"
+#include "external/hash-library/sha256.h"
+#include "external/robin_hood.h"
+#include "cfg/configurator.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "build/resource.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/resutils.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/netutils.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "misc/clipboard.h"
+
+// std::min
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+// std::max
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+
+using namespace rapidjson;
+
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>> DLL_MAP;
+    robin_hood::unordered_map<std::string, std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>> DLL_MAP_ORG;
+
+    // configuration
+    std::filesystem::path PatchManager::config_path;
+    bool PatchManager::config_dirty = false;
+    bool PatchManager::setting_auto_apply = false;
+    std::vector<std::string> PatchManager::setting_auto_apply_list;
+    std::vector<std::string> PatchManager::setting_patches_enabled;
+    std::map<std::string, std::string> PatchManager::setting_union_patches_enabled;
+    std::map<std::string, int64_t> PatchManager::setting_int_patches_enabled;
+    static std::string url_fetch_errors;
+
+    std::string PatchManager::patch_url("");
+    std::string PatchManager::patch_name_filter("");
+
+    std::filesystem::path PatchManager::LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH("patches");
+    std::string PatchManager::ACTIVE_JSON_FILE("");
+
+    std::map<std::string, std::vector<std::string>> EXTRA_DLLS = {
+        {"jubeat.dll", {"music_db.dll", "coin.dll"}},
+        {"arkmdxp3.dll", {"gamemdx.dll"}},
+        {"arkmdxp4.dll", {"gamemdx.dll"}},
+        {"arkmdxbio2.dll", {"gamemdx.dll"}},
+        {"arkndd.dll", {"gamendd.dll"}},
+        {"arkkep.dll", {"game.dll"}},
+        {"arkjc9.dll", {"gamejc9.dll"}},
+        {"arkkdm.dll", {"gamekdm.dll"}},
+        {"arkmmd.dll", {"gamemmd.dll"}},
+        {"arkklp.dll", {"lpac.dll"}},
+        {"arknck.dll", {"weac.dll"}},
+        {"gdxg.dll", {"game.dll"}}
+    };
+
+    static size_t url_recent_idx = -1;
+    std::vector<std::string> url_recents = {};
+
+    std::vector<std::string> getExtraDlls(const std::string& firstDll) {
+        if (!EXTRA_DLLS.contains(firstDll)) {
+            return {};
+        }
+        return EXTRA_DLLS[firstDll];
+    }
+
+    // utility
+    std::string getFromUrl(const std::string& dll_name, const std::string& url) {
+        log_info("patchmanager", "getting patches from URL: {}, for file: {}", url, dll_name);
+        std::string result;
+
+        auto components = URL_COMPONENTS {};
+        components.dwStructSize = sizeof(components);
+        components.dwHostNameLength = -1;
+        components.dwUrlPathLength = -1;
+
+        auto wideUrl = std::wstring(url.begin(), url.end());
+        if (!WinHttpCrackUrl(wideUrl.c_str(), 0, 0, &components)) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to crack URL: {}", GetLastError());
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        auto session = WinHttpOpen(L"spice2x", WINHTTP_ACCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT_PROXY, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
+        auto session_ = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&WinHttpCloseHandle)>(session, WinHttpCloseHandle);
+        if (!session) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to open session: {}", GetLastError());
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        auto hostname = std::wstring(components.lpszHostName, components.dwHostNameLength);
+        auto connect = WinHttpConnect(session, hostname.c_str(), components.nPort, 0);
+        auto connect_ = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&WinHttpCloseHandle)>(connect, WinHttpCloseHandle);
+        if (!connect) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to open connect: {}", GetLastError());
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        auto flags = 0;
+        if (components.nScheme == INTERNET_SCHEME_HTTPS) {
+            flags = WINHTTP_FLAG_SECURE;
+        }
+
+        auto urlPath = std::wstring(components.lpszUrlPath, components.dwUrlPathLength);
+        auto request = WinHttpOpenRequest(connect, L"GET", urlPath.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, flags);
+        auto request_ = std::unique_ptr<void, decltype(&WinHttpCloseHandle)>(request, WinHttpCloseHandle);
+        if (!request) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to open request: {}", GetLastError());
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        if (!WinHttpSendRequest(request, nullptr, 0, nullptr, 0, 0, 0)) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to send request: {}", GetLastError());
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        if (!WinHttpReceiveResponse(request, nullptr)) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to receive response: {}", GetLastError());
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        DWORD statusCode = 0;
+        DWORD statusCodeSize = sizeof(statusCode);
+        DWORD queryFlags = WINHTTP_QUERY_STATUS_CODE | WINHTTP_QUERY_FLAG_NUMBER;
+
+        if (!WinHttpQueryHeaders(request, queryFlags, nullptr, &statusCode, &statusCodeSize, nullptr)) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to query status code: {}", GetLastError());
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        if (statusCode != 200) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to fetch URL: got unexpected status code {}", statusCode);
+            url_fetch_errors +=
+                fmt::format(
+                    "\n{}: HTTP Status: {} ({})\n",
+                    dll_name,
+                    statusCode,
+                    netutils::http_status_reason_phrase(statusCode));
+            if (statusCode == 404) {
+                url_fetch_errors += "(No patches found for this game version)\n";
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        DWORD bytesRead = 0;
+        std::vector<char> buffer(4096);
+        while (WinHttpReadData(request, buffer.data(), buffer.size(), &bytesRead)) {
+            if (bytesRead == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+            result.append(buffer.data(), bytesRead);
+        }
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // patches
+    std::vector<PatchData> PatchManager::patches;
+    bool PatchManager::local_patches_initialized = false;
+
+    PatchManager::PatchManager(SpiceOverlay *overlay, bool apply_patches) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Patch Manager";
+        this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize;
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::TogglePatchManager;
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(10, 10);
+        this->config_path = std::filesystem::path(_wgetenv(L"APPDATA")) / L"spicetools_patch_manager.json";
+        if (!local_patches_initialized) {
+            patch_url.clear();
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                apply_patches = true;
+            }
+            if (apply_patches) {
+                if (fileutils::file_exists(this->config_path)) {
+                    this->config_load();
+                }
+                this->reload_local_patches(apply_patches);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    PatchManager::~PatchManager() = default;
+
+    void PatchManager::build_content() {
+
+        // check if initialized
+        if (!local_patches_initialized) {
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(config_path)) {
+                this->config_load();
+            }
+            this->reload_local_patches();
+        }
+
+        // game code info
+        std::string identifiers;
+        identifiers += avs::game::get_identifier() + "\n\n";
+        identifiers += avs::game::DLL_NAME + " / " + get_game_identifier(MODULE_PATH / avs::game::DLL_NAME) + "\n";
+
+        for (const auto& dll : getExtraDlls(avs::game::DLL_NAME)) {
+            const auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll;
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+                identifiers += dll + " / " + get_game_identifier(dll_path) + "\n";
+            }
+        }
+
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(identifiers.c_str());
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text("%s", avs::game::get_identifier().c_str());
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Copy")) {
+            clipboard::copy_text(identifiers.c_str());
+        }
+
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(
+            "Path being used to look for DLLs, used for reading PE header values.\n"
+            "Wrong path? Run spicecfg from the correct directory, or fix your modules parameter before launching spicecfg.\n"
+            "Make sure you're not using a different one when launching the game.");
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::Text("Modules Path: %s", MODULE_PATH.string().c_str());
+
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+        ImGui::DummyMarker();
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ACTIVE_JSON_FILE.empty()) {
+            ImGui::Text("Patches JSON: built-in");
+        } else {
+            ImGui::Text("Patches JSON: %s", ACTIVE_JSON_FILE.c_str());
+        }
+
+        // auto apply checkbox
+        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(
+                "This option is saved per game, using the date code.\n"
+                "When checked, all set patches will be applied on game boot."
+        );
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox("Auto apply patches on game start", &setting_auto_apply)) {
+            config_dirty = true;
+        }
+
+        // check for dirty state
+        if (config_dirty) {
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                // auto save for configurator version
+                this->config_save();
+
+            } else {
+                // manual save for live version
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                ImGui::HelpMarker("Save current patch state to the configuration file.");
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Save")) {
+                    this->config_save();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        bool disable_all_patches = false;
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            // import from url
+            // only allow import in the configurator (and not in-game)
+            // e.g., for public game set ups with keyboard access
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::DummyMarker();
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(avs::game::DLL_NAME.empty());
+            if (ImGui::Button("Import from URL##Button")) {
+                ImGui::OpenPopup("Import from URL");
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+            if (avs::game::DLL_NAME.empty()) {
+                ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                ImGui::DummyMarker();
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("WARNING: Game DLL is not found, fix modules parameter! Importing is disabled.");
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+            }
+
+            // overwrite DLL
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (!patches.empty()) {
+                if (ImGui::Button("Overwrite game files##Button")) {
+                    ImGui::OpenPopup("Overwrite game files?");
+                }
+            }
+            if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Overwrite game files?", nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));  // yellow
+                ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * 0.5);
+                ImGui::Text(
+                    "Are you sure you want to permanently apply patches to your game files?");
+                ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                ImGui::Text(
+                    "File backups are made, but it's recommended that you keep your own copies.");
+                ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Yes, overwrite")) {
+                    hard_apply_patches();
+                    reload_local_patches();
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Cancel")) {
+                    ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndPopup();
+            }
+
+            // disable all
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (!patches.empty()) {
+                disable_all_patches = ImGui::Button("Disable all");
+                if (disable_all_patches) {
+                    // reset auto apply now, and disable every patch down below
+                    config_dirty = true;
+                    setting_auto_apply = false;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        
+        bool url_entered = false;
+        bool is_valid_url = false;
+        bool patches_imported = false;
+
+        // import from URL popup dialog
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Import from URL", nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Warning - use at your own risk!", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen)) {
+                ImGui::PushTextWrapPos(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * 0.6);
+                ImGui::Text(
+                    "Only import patches from a trusted source. "
+                    "These services are provided by third parties and may contain faulty or malicious code. "
+                    "Game datecode and PE header information will be sent in the request.");
+                ImGui::PopTextWrapPos();
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Enter URL", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen)) {
+                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(360.f);
+                ImGui::InputTextWithHint(
+                    "##url_textinput",
+                    "http://www.example.com",
+                    &patch_url,
+                    ImGuiInputTextFlags_CharsNoBlank | ImGuiInputTextFlags_AutoSelectAll);
+
+                if (ImGui::Button("Paste")) {
+                    auto clipboard_url = clipboard::paste_text();
+                    if (!clipboard_url.empty()) {
+                        strreplace(clipboard_url, "\r\n", "");
+                        strreplace(clipboard_url, " ", "");
+                        patch_url = clipboard_url;
+                    }
+                }
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::BeginDisabled(patch_url.empty());
+                if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                    patch_url.clear();
+                    url_recent_idx = -1;
+                }
+                ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+
+            // history
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("History", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen)) {
+                if (ImGui::BeginListBox(
+                        "##url_recents",
+                        ImVec2(360.f, 3 * ImGui::GetTextLineHeightWithSpacing()))) {
+
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < url_recents.size(); i++) {
+                        const bool is_selected = (url_recent_idx == i);
+                        if (ImGui::Selectable(url_recents[i].c_str(), is_selected)) {
+                            url_recent_idx = i;
+                            patch_url = url_recents[i];
+                        }
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndListBox();
+                }
+                ImGui::BeginDisabled(url_recent_idx == (size_t)(-1));
+                if (ImGui::Button("Remove selected")) {
+                    url_recents.erase(url_recents.begin() + url_recent_idx);
+                    url_recent_idx = -1;
+                    this->config_save();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndDisabled();
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                ImGui::BeginDisabled(url_recents.empty());
+                if (ImGui::Button("Clear all")) {
+                    url_recents.clear();
+                    url_recent_idx = -1;
+                    this->config_save();
+                }
+                ImGui::EndDisabled();
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::Spacing();
+            ImGui::BeginDisabled(patch_url.empty());
+            if (ImGui::Button("Import")) {
+                url_entered = true;
+                if (patch_url.find("http://") == 0 || patch_url.find("https://") == 0) {
+                    is_valid_url = true;
+                }
+                url_recent_idx = -1;
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+            if (is_valid_url) {
+                patches_imported = import_remote_patches_to_disk();
+                if (patches_imported) {
+                    if (std::find(url_recents.begin(), url_recents.end(), patch_url) == url_recents.end()) {
+                        url_recents.emplace_back(patch_url);
+                    }
+                    this->config_save();
+                }
+                reload_local_patches();
+                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            if (ImGui::Button("Cancel")) {
+                patch_url.clear();
+                url_recent_idx = -1;
+                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+            }
+
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        // invalid URL popup dialog
+        if (url_entered && !is_valid_url) {
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("URL error");
+        }
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("URL error", nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+            ImGui::Text("Make sure URL starts with http:// or https://");
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            if (ImGui::Button("OK")) {
+                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        // URL import failure dialog
+        if (url_entered && is_valid_url && !patches_imported) {
+            ImGui::OpenPopup("Import failed##URLImport");
+        }
+        if (ImGui::BeginPopupModal("Import failed##URLImport", nullptr, ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize)) {
+            ImGui::Text("Failed to import patches from URL.");
+            if (!url_fetch_errors.empty()) {
+                ImGui::Text(url_fetch_errors.c_str());
+            }
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            if (ImGui::Button("OK")) {
+                ImGui::CloseCurrentPopup();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndPopup();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        ImGui::Spacing();
+
+        // search function
+        if (!patches.empty()) {
+            ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+            ImGui::DummyMarker();
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(300.f);
+            ImGui::InputTextWithHint(
+                "", "Type here to search..", &patch_name_filter,
+                ImGuiInputTextFlags_EscapeClearsAll);
+            if (!patch_name_filter.empty()) {
+                ImGui::SameLine();
+                if (ImGui::Button("Clear")) {
+                    patch_name_filter.clear();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check for empty list
+        if (patches.empty()) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f), "No patches available.");
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f), "New patches are no longer being added to spice2x.");
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f), "Use Import button above to load patches from an online patcher.");
+                ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f), "For more information, click the button below:");
+                if (ImGui::Button("More about patches")) {
+                    // doing this on a separate thread to avoid polluting ImGui context
+                    std::thread t([] {
+                        ShellExecuteA(
+                            NULL, "open",
+                            "https://github.com/spice2x/spice2x.github.io/wiki/Patching-DLLs-(hex-edits)",
+                            NULL, NULL, SW_SHOWNORMAL);
+                    });
+                    t.join();
+                }
+            } else {
+                ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f), "Exit the game, launch spicecfg, and try importing patches from URL.");
+            }
+        } else {
+            // draw patches
+            if (ImGui::BeginTable("PatchesTable", 2, ImGuiTableFlags_Resizable | ImGuiTableFlags_RowBg)) {
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("##NameColumn", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthStretch);
+                ImGui::TableSetupColumn("##OptionsColumn", ImGuiTableColumnFlags_WidthFixed, 240);
+
+                const auto search_str_in_lower = strtolower(patch_name_filter);
+                size_t patches_shown = 0;
+                for (auto &patch : patches) {
+                    
+                    // get patch status
+                    PatchStatus patch_status = is_patch_active(patch);
+                    patch.last_status = patch_status;
+
+                    // user requested to disable all
+                    if (disable_all_patches && patch.enabled) {
+                        patch.enabled = false;
+                        config_dirty = true;
+                        switch (patch_status) {
+                            case PatchStatus::Enabled:
+                            case PatchStatus::Disabled:
+                                apply_patch(patch, false);
+                                break;
+                            case PatchStatus::Error:
+                                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                                    patch.enabled = false;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // search function
+                    if (!patch_name_filter.empty()) {
+                        if (patch.name_in_lower_case.find(search_str_in_lower) == std::string::npos) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // start drawing a row for this patch
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    ImGui::PushID(&patch);
+                    patches_shown += 1;
+
+                    // first column, part 1: help / caution marker
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    const std::string description = patch.description;
+                    const std::string caution = patch.caution;
+                    if (!description.empty() && !caution.empty()) {
+                        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                        ImGui::WarnMarker(description.c_str(), caution.c_str());
+                    } else if (!description.empty()) {
+                        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                        ImGui::HelpMarker(description.c_str());
+                    } else if (!caution.empty()) {
+                        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                        ImGui::WarnMarker(nullptr, caution.c_str());
+                    } else {
+                        ImGui::DummyMarker();
+                    }
+
+                    // get current state
+                    bool patch_checked = patch_status == PatchStatus::Enabled;
+
+                    // default text for the label (patch name)
+                    auto patch_name = patch.name;
+
+                    // push style
+                    int style_color_pushed = 0;
+                    switch (patch_status) {
+                        case PatchStatus::Error:
+                            ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                            patch_name += " (Error)";
+                            style_color_pushed++;
+                            break;
+                        case PatchStatus::Enabled:
+                            if (setting_auto_apply && patch.enabled) {
+                                ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                                style_color_pushed++;
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        case PatchStatus::Disabled:
+                            break;
+                        default:
+                            break;
+                    }
+
+                    if (patch.enabled) {
+                        patch_name += setting_auto_apply ? " (Auto apply)" : " (Saved)";
+                    }
+                    if (patch.unverified) {
+                        patch_name += " (Unverified patch)";
+                    }
+
+                    // first column, part 3: name
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                    // patch_name can include % (formatting markers) - ensure Unformatted widget used here
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted(patch_name.c_str());
+                    if (style_color_pushed) {
+                        ImGui::PopStyleColor(style_color_pushed);
+                    }
+                    if (patch.type == PatchType::Integer) {
+                        ImGui::SameLine();
+                        auto& numpatch = patch.patch_number;
+                        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                        ImGui::TextDisabled("%d..%d", numpatch.min, numpatch.max);
+                    }
+
+                    // second column, part 1: enable checkbox (applies to all)
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::BeginDisabled(patch_status == PatchStatus::Error);
+                    if (ImGui::Checkbox("##patch_checked_checkbox", &patch_checked)) {
+                        config_dirty = true;
+                        switch (patch_status) {
+                            case PatchStatus::Enabled:
+                            case PatchStatus::Disabled:
+                                if (patch_checked) {
+                                    setting_auto_apply = true;
+                                }
+                                patch.enabled = patch_checked;
+                                apply_patch(patch, patch_checked);
+                                break;
+                            case PatchStatus::Error:
+                                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                                    if (patch_checked) {
+                                        setting_auto_apply = true;
+                                    }
+                                    patch.enabled = patch_checked;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            default:
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        // update status
+                        patch.last_status = is_patch_active(patch);
+                    }
+                    ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+                    // second column, part 2: additional options UI (dropdown, text input)
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    if (patch_status == PatchStatus::Error){
+                        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                        ImGui::PushStyleColor(ImGuiCol_Text, ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f));
+                        if (patch.error_reason.empty()) {
+                            ImGui::TextUnformatted("Unknown error");
+                        } else {
+                            ImGui::TextUnformatted(patch.error_reason.c_str());
+                        }
+                        ImGui::PopStyleColor();
+                    } else if (patch.type == PatchType::Union || patch.type == PatchType::Integer) {
+                        if (patch_status == PatchStatus::Enabled) {
+                            if (patch.type == PatchType::Union) {
+                                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(200.0f);
+                                if (ImGui::BeginCombo("##union_patch_dropdown", patch.selected_union_name.c_str())) {
+                                    for (const auto& union_patch : patch.patches_union) {
+                                        if (ImGui::Selectable(union_patch.name.c_str())) {
+                                            patch.selected_union_name = union_patch.name;
+                                            apply_patch(patch, true);
+                                            config_dirty = true;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                    ImGui::EndCombo();
+                                }
+                            } else if (patch.type == PatchType::Integer) {
+                                ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(200.0f);
+                                auto& numpatch = patch.patch_number;
+                                ImGui::InputInt("##int_input", &numpatch.value, 1, 10);
+                                if (ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit()) {
+                                    numpatch.value = CLAMP(
+                                            numpatch.value,
+                                            numpatch.min,
+                                            numpatch.max);
+
+                                    apply_patch(patch, true);
+                                    config_dirty = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        } else if (patch_status == PatchStatus::Disabled) {
+                            ImGui::SetNextItemWidth(200.0f);
+                            ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+                            if (patch.type == PatchType::Union) {
+                                if (ImGui::BeginCombo(
+                                        "##dummy_union_patch_dropdown",
+                                        patch.selected_union_name.c_str())) {
+                                    ImGui::EndCombo();
+                                }
+                            } else if (patch.type == PatchType::Integer) {
+                                ImGui::InputInt("##dummy_int_input", &patch.patch_number.value);
+                            }
+                            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                        ImGui::BeginDisabled(!patch_checked);
+                        ImGui::TextUnformatted(patch_checked ? "ON" : "off");
+                        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+                    }
+                    ImGui::PopID();
+                }
+                
+                if (patches_shown == 0) {
+                    ImGui::TableNextRow();
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::DummyMarker();
+                    ImGui::SameLine();
+                    ImGui::BeginDisabled();
+                    ImGui::AlignTextToFramePadding();
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted("No patches found.");
+                    ImGui::EndDisabled();
+                    ImGui::TableNextColumn();
+                    ImGui::DummyMarker();
+                }
+
+                ImGui::EndTable();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void PatchManager::hard_apply_patches() {
+        std::vector<std::string> written_list;
+        for (auto& patch : patches) {
+            switch (patch.type) {
+            case PatchType::Memory:
+                for (auto& memory_patch : patch.patches_memory) {
+                    auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / memory_patch.dll_name;
+                    create_dll_backup(written_list, dll_path);
+                    auto dll_data = fileutils::bin_read(dll_path);
+                    if (dll_data) {
+                        auto max_len = std::max(memory_patch.data_disabled_len, memory_patch.data_enabled_len);
+                        if (memory_patch.data_offset + max_len <= dll_data->size()) {
+                            if (patch.enabled) {
+                                memcpy(dll_data->data() + memory_patch.data_offset, memory_patch.data_enabled.get(), memory_patch.data_enabled_len);
+                            } else {
+                                memcpy(dll_data->data() + memory_patch.data_offset, memory_patch.data_disabled.get(), memory_patch.data_disabled_len);
+                            }
+                            fileutils::bin_write(dll_path, dll_data->data(), dll_data->size());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case PatchType::Union:
+                if (!patch.enabled) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                for (auto& union_patch : patch.patches_union) {
+                    if (union_patch.name == patch.selected_union_name) {
+                        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / union_patch.dll_name;
+                        create_dll_backup(written_list, dll_path);
+                        auto dll_data = fileutils::bin_read(dll_path);
+                        if (dll_data) {
+                            if (union_patch.offset + union_patch.data_len <= dll_data->size()) {
+                                memcpy(dll_data->data() + union_patch.offset, union_patch.data.get(), union_patch.data_len);
+                                fileutils::bin_write(dll_path, dll_data->data(), dll_data->size());
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case PatchType::Integer:
+                {
+                    if (!patch.enabled) {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    auto& numpatch = patch.patch_number;
+                    auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / numpatch.dll_name;
+                    create_dll_backup(written_list, dll_path);
+                    auto dll_data = fileutils::bin_read(dll_path);
+                    if (dll_data) {
+                        if (numpatch.data_offset + numpatch.size_in_bytes <= dll_data->size()) {
+                            int_to_little_endian_bytes(
+                                numpatch.value,
+                                dll_data->data() + numpatch.data_offset,
+                                numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+                            fileutils::bin_write(dll_path, dll_data->data(), dll_data->size());
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            default:
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void PatchManager::config_load() {
+        log_info("patchmanager", "loading config");
+
+        // read config file
+        std::string config = fileutils::text_read(config_path);
+        if (!config.empty()) {
+
+            // parse document
+            Document doc;
+            doc.Parse(config.c_str());
+
+            // check parse error
+            auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+            if (error) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "config file parse error: {}", error);
+            }
+
+            // verify root is a dict
+            if (doc.IsObject()) {
+
+                // read auto apply settings
+                auto auto_apply = doc.FindMember("auto_apply");
+                if (auto_apply != doc.MemberEnd() && auto_apply->value.IsArray()) {
+
+                    // get game id
+                    auto game_id = avs::game::get_identifier();
+
+                    // iterate entries
+                    setting_auto_apply = false;
+                    setting_auto_apply_list.clear();
+                    for (auto &entry : auto_apply->value.GetArray()) {
+                        if (entry.IsString()) {
+
+                            // check if this is our game identifier
+                            std::string entry_id = entry.GetString();
+                            if (game_id == entry_id) {
+                                setting_auto_apply = true;
+                            }
+
+                            // move to list
+                            setting_auto_apply_list.emplace_back(entry_id);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // read enabled patches
+                auto patches_enabled = doc.FindMember("patches_enabled");
+                if (patches_enabled != doc.MemberEnd() && patches_enabled->value.IsArray()) {
+                    setting_patches_enabled.clear();
+                    for (const auto &patch : patches_enabled->value.GetArray()) {
+                        if (patch.IsString()) {
+                            setting_patches_enabled.emplace_back(std::string(patch.GetString()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // read enabled union patches
+                auto patches_union_enabled = doc.FindMember("union_patches_enabled");
+                if (patches_union_enabled != doc.MemberEnd() && patches_union_enabled->value.IsObject()) {
+                    setting_union_patches_enabled.clear();
+                    for (auto it = patches_union_enabled->value.MemberBegin(); it != patches_union_enabled->value.MemberEnd(); ++it) {
+                        if (it->name.IsString() && it->value.IsString()) {
+                            setting_union_patches_enabled[it->name.GetString()] = it->value.GetString();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                // read enabled integer patches
+                auto patches_int_enabled = doc.FindMember("integer_patches_enabled");
+                if (patches_int_enabled != doc.MemberEnd() && patches_int_enabled->value.IsObject()) {
+                    setting_int_patches_enabled.clear();
+                    for (auto it = patches_int_enabled->value.MemberBegin(); it != patches_int_enabled->value.MemberEnd(); ++it) {
+                        if (it->name.IsString() && it->value.IsNumber()) {
+                            setting_int_patches_enabled[it->name.GetString()] = it->value.GetInt();
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // read remote patch URLs
+                auto remote_url_history = doc.FindMember("remote_url_history");
+                if (remote_url_history != doc.MemberEnd() && remote_url_history->value.IsArray()) {
+                    url_recents.clear();
+                    for (const auto &url : remote_url_history->value.GetArray()) {
+                        if (url.IsString()) {
+                            url_recents.emplace_back(std::string(url.GetString()));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    static std::string patch_hash(PatchData &patch) {
+        SHA256 hash;
+        hash.add(patch.game_code.c_str(), patch.game_code.length());
+        if (patch.datecode_min != 0 || patch.datecode_max != 0) {
+            hash.add(&patch.datecode_min, sizeof(patch.datecode_min));
+            hash.add(&patch.datecode_max, sizeof(patch.datecode_max));
+        }
+        if (!patch.peIdentifier.empty()) {
+            hash.add(patch.peIdentifier.c_str(), patch.peIdentifier.length());
+        }
+        hash.add(patch.name.c_str(), patch.name.length());
+        hash.add(patch.description.c_str(), patch.description.length());
+        return hash.getHash();
+    }
+
+    void PatchManager::config_save() {
+
+        // create document
+        Document doc;
+        doc.Parse(
+                "{"
+                "  \"auto_apply\": [],"
+                "  \"patches_enabled\": [],"
+                "  \"union_patches_enabled\": {},"
+                "  \"integer_patches_enabled\": {},"
+                "  \"remote_url_history\": []"
+                "}"
+        );
+
+        // check parse error
+        auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+        if (error) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "template parse error: {}", error);
+        }
+
+        // auto apply setting
+        auto &auto_apply_list = doc["auto_apply"];
+        auto game_id = avs::game::get_identifier();
+        bool game_id_added = false;
+        for (auto &entry : setting_auto_apply_list) {
+            if (entry == game_id) {
+                if (!setting_auto_apply) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                game_id_added = true;
+            }
+            auto_apply_list.PushBack(StringRef(entry.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+        if (setting_auto_apply && !game_id_added) {
+            auto_apply_list.PushBack(StringRef(game_id.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // get enabled patches
+        auto &doc_patches_enabled = doc["patches_enabled"];
+        auto &doc_union_patches_enable = doc["union_patches_enabled"];
+        auto &doc_int_patches_enable = doc["integer_patches_enabled"];
+        for (auto &patch : patches) {
+            auto hash = patch_hash(patch);
+
+            if (patch.type == PatchType::Union) {
+                // enable hash if known as enabled, overridden and missing from list
+                if (patch.enabled) {
+                    setting_union_patches_enabled[hash] = patch.selected_union_name;
+                } else {
+                    setting_union_patches_enabled.erase(hash);
+                }
+            } else if (patch.type == PatchType::Integer) {
+                if (patch.enabled) {
+                    setting_int_patches_enabled[hash] = patch.patch_number.value;
+                } else {
+                    setting_int_patches_enabled.erase(hash);
+                }
+            } else {
+                // hash patch and find entry
+                auto entry = std::find(setting_patches_enabled.begin(), setting_patches_enabled.end(), hash);
+
+                // enable hash if known as enabled, overridden and missing from list
+                if ((patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Enabled && patch.enabled)
+                    || (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Error && patch.enabled)) {
+                    if (entry == setting_patches_enabled.end()) {
+                        setting_patches_enabled.emplace_back(hash);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // disable hash if patch known as disabled
+                if (patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Disabled
+                    || (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE && patch.last_status == PatchStatus::Error && !patch.enabled)) {
+                    if (entry != setting_patches_enabled.end()) {
+                        setting_patches_enabled.erase(entry);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add hashes to document
+        for (auto &hash : setting_patches_enabled) {
+            Value hash_value(hash.c_str(), doc.GetAllocator());
+            doc_patches_enabled.PushBack(hash_value, doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        for (auto& it : setting_union_patches_enabled) {
+            const std::string& key = it.first;
+            const std::string& val = it.second;
+            doc_union_patches_enable.AddMember(StringRef(key.c_str()), StringRef(val.c_str()), doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        for (auto& it : setting_int_patches_enabled) {
+            const std::string& key = it.first;
+            const int32_t& val = it.second;
+            doc_int_patches_enable.AddMember(StringRef(key.c_str()), val, doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // remote URLs
+        auto &doc_url_history = doc["remote_url_history"];
+        for (auto& url : url_recents) {
+            Value url_value(url.c_str(), doc.GetAllocator());
+            doc_url_history.PushBack(url_value, doc.GetAllocator());
+        }
+
+        // build JSON
+        StringBuffer buffer;
+        PrettyWriter<StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+        doc.Accept(writer);
+
+        // save to file
+        if (fileutils::text_write(config_path, buffer.GetString())) {
+            config_dirty = false;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to save config file to {}", config_path.string());
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string get_game_identifier(const std::filesystem::path& dll_path) {
+        uint32_t time_date_stamp = 0;
+        uint32_t address_of_entry_point = 0;
+
+        bool result = get_pe_identifier(dll_path, &time_date_stamp, &address_of_entry_point);
+
+        if (!result) {
+            return "";
+        }
+        
+        // concatenate TimeDateStamp and AddressOfEntryPoint
+        std::string identifier =
+            fmt::format(
+                "{}-{:x}_{:x}",
+                avs::game::MODEL,
+                time_date_stamp,
+                address_of_entry_point);
+
+        return identifier;
+    }
+
+    void PatchManager::load_embedded_patches(bool apply_patches) {
+        // load embedded patches from resources
+        auto patches_json = resutil::load_file_string(IDR_PATCHES);
+
+        // parse document
+        Document doc;
+        doc.Parse(patches_json.c_str());
+
+        // check parse error
+        auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+        if (error) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "embedded patches json file parse error: {}", error);
+        }
+
+        // iterate patches
+        for (auto &patch : doc.GetArray()) {
+
+            // verfiy patch data
+            auto name_it = patch.FindMember("name");
+            if (name_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse patch name");
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto game_code_it = patch.FindMember("gameCode");
+            if (game_code_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !game_code_it->value.IsString()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse game code for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto description_it = patch.FindMember("description");
+            if (description_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !description_it->value.IsString()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse description for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto type_it = patch.FindMember("type");
+            if (type_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !type_it->value.IsString()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse type for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto preset_it = patch.FindMember("preset");
+            bool preset = false;
+            if (preset_it != patch.MemberEnd() && preset_it->value.IsBool()) {
+                preset = preset_it->value.GetBool();
+            }
+
+            // build patch data
+            PatchData patch_data {
+                .enabled = false,
+                .game_code = game_code_it->value.GetString(),
+                .datecode_min = 0,
+                .datecode_max = 0,
+                .name = name_it->value.GetString(),
+                .description = description_it->value.GetString(),
+                .caution = "",
+                .name_in_lower_case = strtolower(name_it->value.GetString()),
+                .type = PatchType::Unknown,
+                .preset = preset,
+                .patches_memory = std::vector<MemoryPatch>(),
+                .patches_union = std::vector<UnionPatch>(),
+                .patch_number = NumberPatch(),
+                .last_status = PatchStatus::Disabled,
+                .hash = "",
+                .unverified = false,
+                .peIdentifier = "",
+                .error_reason = "",
+                .selected_union_name = "",
+            };
+
+            // determine patch type
+            auto type_str = type_it->value.GetString();
+            if (!_stricmp(type_str, "memory")) {
+                patch_data.type = PatchType::Memory;
+            } else if (!_stricmp(type_str, "signature")) {
+                patch_data.type = PatchType::Signature;
+            }
+
+            // determine date code
+            auto date_code_it = patch.FindMember("dateCode");
+            if (date_code_it != patch.MemberEnd() && date_code_it->value.IsInt()) {
+                patch_data.datecode_min = date_code_it->value.GetInt();
+                patch_data.datecode_max = patch_data.datecode_min;
+            } else {
+                auto date_code_min_it = patch.FindMember("dateCodeMin");
+                if (date_code_min_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !date_code_min_it->value.IsInt()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to parse datecode for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto date_code_max_it = patch.FindMember("dateCodeMax");
+                if (date_code_max_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !date_code_max_it->value.IsInt()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to parse datecode for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                patch_data.datecode_min = date_code_min_it->value.GetInt();
+                patch_data.datecode_max = date_code_max_it->value.GetInt();
+            }
+
+            // check for skip
+            if (!avs::game::is_model(patch_data.game_code.c_str())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!avs::game::is_ext(patch_data.datecode_min, patch_data.datecode_max)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // generate hash
+            patch_data.hash = patch_hash(patch_data);
+
+            // check for existing
+            bool existing = false;
+            for (auto &added_patch : patches) {
+                if (added_patch.hash == patch_data.hash) {
+                    existing = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (existing) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // hash check for enabled
+            for (auto &enabled_entry : setting_patches_enabled) {
+                if (patch_data.hash == enabled_entry) {
+                    patch_data.enabled = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check patch type
+            switch (patch_data.type) {
+                case PatchType::Memory: {
+
+                    // iterate memory patches
+                    auto patches_it = patch.FindMember("patches");
+                    if (patches_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                    || !patches_it->value.IsArray()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get patches for {}",
+                                name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    for (auto &memory_patch : patches_it->value.GetArray()) {
+
+                        // validate data
+                        auto data_disabled_it = memory_patch.FindMember("dataDisabled");
+                        if (data_disabled_it == memory_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !data_disabled_it->value.IsString()) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        auto data_enabled_it = memory_patch.FindMember("dataEnabled");
+                        if (data_enabled_it == memory_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !data_enabled_it->value.IsString()) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // get hex strings
+                        auto data_disabled_hex = data_disabled_it->value.GetString();
+                        auto data_enabled_hex = data_enabled_it->value.GetString();
+                        auto data_disabled_hex_len = strlen(data_disabled_hex);
+                        auto data_enabled_hex_len = strlen(data_enabled_hex);
+                        if ((data_disabled_hex_len % 2) != 0 || (data_enabled_hex_len % 2) != 0) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "patch hex data length has odd length for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // convert to binary
+                        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_disabled(new uint8_t[data_disabled_hex_len / 2]);
+                        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_enabled(new uint8_t[data_enabled_hex_len / 2]);
+                        if (!hex2bin(data_disabled_hex, data_disabled.get())
+                        || (!hex2bin(data_enabled_hex, data_enabled.get()))) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse patch data from hex for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // get DLL name
+                        auto dll_name_it = memory_patch.FindMember("dllName");
+                        if (dll_name_it == memory_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !dll_name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get dllName for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        std::string dll_name = dll_name_it->value.GetString();
+
+                        // IIDX omnimix dll name fix
+                        if (dll_name == "bm2dx.dll" && avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && avs::game::REV[0] == 'X') {
+                            dll_name = avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+                        }
+
+                        // BST 1/2 combined release dll name fix
+                        if (dll_name == "beatstream.dll" &&
+                             (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream1.dll"
+                           || avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream2.dll"))
+                        {
+                            dll_name = avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+                        }
+
+                        // build memory patch data
+                        MemoryPatch memory_patch_data {
+                                .dll_name = dll_name,
+                                .data_disabled = std::move(data_disabled),
+                                .data_disabled_len = data_disabled_hex_len / 2,
+                                .data_enabled = std::move(data_enabled),
+                                .data_enabled_len = data_enabled_hex_len / 2,
+                                .data_offset = 0,
+                        };
+
+                        // get data offset
+                        auto data_offset_it = memory_patch.FindMember("dataOffset");
+                        if (data_offset_it == memory_patch.MemberEnd()) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get dataOffset for {}",
+                                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        if (data_offset_it->value.IsUint64()) {
+                            memory_patch_data.data_offset = data_offset_it->value.GetUint64();
+                        } else if (data_offset_it->value.IsString()) {
+                            std::stringstream ss;
+                            ss << data_offset_it->value.GetString();
+                            ss >> memory_patch_data.data_offset;
+                            if (!ss.good() || !ss.eof()) {
+                                log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid dataOffset for {}",
+                                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        } else {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get dataOffset for {}",
+                                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // move to list
+                        patch_data.patches_memory.emplace_back(memory_patch_data);
+                    }
+                    break;
+                }
+                case PatchType::Signature: {
+
+                    // validate data
+                    auto data_signature_it = patch.FindMember("signature");
+                    if (data_signature_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !data_signature_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    auto data_replacement_it = patch.FindMember("replacement");
+                    if (data_replacement_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !data_replacement_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // get DLL name
+                    auto dll_name_it = patch.FindMember("dllName");
+                    if (dll_name_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !dll_name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get dllName for {}",
+                                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    std::string dll_name = dll_name_it->value.GetString();
+
+                    // IIDX omnimix dll name fix
+                    if (dll_name == "bm2dx.dll" && avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && avs::game::REV[0] == 'X') {
+                        dll_name = avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+                    }
+
+                    // BST 1/2 combined release dll name fix
+                    if (dll_name == "beatstream.dll" &&
+                        (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream1.dll"
+                       || avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream2.dll"))
+                    {
+                        dll_name = avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+                    }
+
+                    // get optional offset
+                    uint64_t offset = 0;
+                    auto offset_it = patch.FindMember("offset");
+                    if (offset_it != patch.MemberEnd()) {
+                        bool invalid = false;
+                        if (offset_it->value.IsInt64()) {
+                            offset = offset_it->value.GetInt64();
+                        } else if (offset_it->value.IsString()) {
+                            std::stringstream ss;
+                            ss << offset_it->value.GetString();
+                            ss >> offset;
+                            invalid = !ss.good() || !ss.eof();
+                        } else {
+                            invalid = true;
+                        }
+                        if (invalid) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid offset for {}",
+                                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // get optional usage
+                    int usage = 0;
+                    auto usage_it = patch.FindMember("usage");
+                    if (usage_it != patch.MemberEnd()) {
+                        bool invalid = false;
+                        if (usage_it->value.IsInt64()) {
+                            usage = usage_it->value.GetInt64();
+                        } else if (usage_it->value.IsString()) {
+                            std::stringstream ss;
+                            ss << usage_it->value.GetString();
+                            ss >> usage;
+                            invalid = !ss.good() || !ss.eof();
+                        } else {
+                            invalid = true;
+                        }
+                        if (invalid) {
+                            log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid usage for {}",
+                                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // build signature patch
+                    SignaturePatch signature_data = {
+                            .dll_name = dll_name,
+                            .signature = data_signature_it->value.GetString(),
+                            .replacement = data_replacement_it->value.GetString(),
+                            .offset = offset,
+                            .usage = usage,
+                    };
+
+                    // convert to memory patch
+                    patch_data.patches_memory.emplace_back(signature_data.to_memory(&patch_data));
+                    patch_data.type = PatchType::Memory;
+                    break;
+                }
+                case PatchType::Unknown:
+                default:
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unknown patch type: {}", patch_data.type);
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // auto apply
+            if (apply_patches && setting_auto_apply && patch_data.enabled) {
+                print_auto_apply_status(patch_data);
+                apply_patch(patch_data, true);
+            }
+
+            // remember patch
+            patches.emplace_back(patch_data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool PatchManager::import_remote_patches_for_dll(const std::string& url, const std::string& dll_name) {
+        log_info("patchmanager", "loading remote patches for {}...", dll_name);
+        std::string identifier = get_game_identifier(MODULE_PATH / dll_name);
+        std::string url_cpy = url;
+        if (url_cpy.back() != '/')
+            url_cpy += '/';
+        std::string json_path = fmt::format("{}{}.json", url_cpy, identifier);
+        try {
+            auto patches_json = getFromUrl(dll_name, json_path);
+            if (!patches_json.empty()) {
+                if (!fileutils::dir_exists(LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH))
+                    fileutils::dir_create(LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH);
+                std::filesystem::path save_path = LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH / (identifier + ".json");
+                fileutils::text_write(save_path, patches_json);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to fetch patches JSON for {}", dll_name);
+            }
+        } catch (const std::exception& e) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "exception occurred while loading remote patches JSON for {}: {}", dll_name, e.what());
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    bool PatchManager::load_from_patches_json(bool apply_patches) {
+        bool ret = false;
+
+        // list valid PE identifiers from our local files
+        auto modules = std::vector<std::string>();
+        modules.push_back(get_game_identifier(MODULE_PATH / avs::game::DLL_NAME));
+        for (const std::string& dll : getExtraDlls(avs::game::DLL_NAME)) {
+            modules.push_back(get_game_identifier(MODULE_PATH / dll));
+        }
+
+        auto filter = [&modules](const PatchData& patch_data) {
+            // match on peIdentifier if provided
+            if (!patch_data.peIdentifier.empty()) {
+                return std::ranges::find(modules, patch_data.peIdentifier) != modules.end();
+            }
+
+            // game code is already checked by append_patches, so no need to check here
+            // check the datecode / datecode range, if it exists
+            if (patch_data.datecode_min != 0 || patch_data.datecode_max != 0) {
+                return avs::game::is_ext(patch_data.datecode_min, patch_data.datecode_max);
+            }
+
+            // otherwise, don't load them in
+            return false;
+        };
+
+        // possible locations of patches.json
+        // note: MODULE_PATH changes at launch, so it must be checked fresh here
+        //       (as opposed to this being checked once at launch)
+        const std::filesystem::path LOCAL_PATCHES_JSON_PATHS[] = {
+            "patches/patches.json",                      // new in spice2x
+            "patches.json",                              // spicetools
+            MODULE_PATH / "patches.json",                // spicetools
+            std::filesystem::path("..") / "patches.json" // spicetools
+        };
+
+        const size_t patches_size_previous = patches.size();
+        for (const std::filesystem::path& patches_json_path: LOCAL_PATCHES_JSON_PATHS) {
+            if (!fileutils::file_exists(patches_json_path)) {
+                log_misc("patchmanager", "file does not exist, skipping: {}", patches_json_path.string());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            log_misc("patchmanager", "reading from patches.json: {}", patches_json_path.string());
+            std::string content = fileutils::text_read(patches_json_path);
+            append_patches(content, apply_patches, filter);
+
+            const auto new_patches = patches.size() - patches_size_previous;
+            log_info("patchmanager", "loaded {} patches from: {}", new_patches, patches_json_path.string());
+            if (0 < new_patches) {
+                ret = true;
+                ACTIVE_JSON_FILE = patches_json_path.string();
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void PatchManager::reload_local_patches(bool apply_patches) {
+        // announce reload
+        if (apply_patches) {
+            log_info("patchmanager", "reloading (local) and applying patches");
+        } else {
+            log_info("patchmanager", "reloading (local) patches");
+        }
+
+        // clear old patches
+        patches.clear();
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+            DLL_MAP.clear();
+            DLL_MAP_ORG.clear();
+        }
+
+        ACTIVE_JSON_FILE = "";
+
+        std::string firstDll = avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+        std::string first_id = get_game_identifier(MODULE_PATH / firstDll);
+        std::filesystem::path firstPath = fmt::format("patches/{}.json", first_id);
+
+        auto extraDlls = getExtraDlls(firstDll);
+        std::erase_if(extraDlls, [](const std::string& dll) {
+            auto identifier = get_game_identifier(MODULE_PATH / dll);
+            return identifier.empty() || !fileutils::file_exists(fmt::format("patches/{}.json", identifier));
+        });
+
+        if (fileutils::file_exists(firstPath) || !extraDlls.empty()) {
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(firstPath)) {
+                log_info("patchmanager", "loaded patches for {} from {}", firstDll, firstPath.string());
+                std::string content = fileutils::text_read(firstPath);
+                append_patches(content, apply_patches, nullptr, first_id);
+                ACTIVE_JSON_FILE = firstPath.string();
+            }
+            for (const std::string& dll : extraDlls) {
+                auto extraId = get_game_identifier(MODULE_PATH / dll);
+                auto extraPath = std::filesystem::path(fmt::format("patches/{}.json", extraId));
+                log_info("patchmanager", "loaded patches for {} from {}", dll, extraPath.string());
+                std::string content = fileutils::text_read(extraPath);
+                append_patches(content, apply_patches, nullptr, extraId);
+                if (ACTIVE_JSON_FILE.empty()) {
+                    ACTIVE_JSON_FILE = extraPath.string();
+                } else {
+                    ACTIVE_JSON_FILE += ", " + extraPath.string();
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            load_from_patches_json(apply_patches);
+        }
+
+        if (patches.empty()) {
+            // load embedded patches from resources
+            load_embedded_patches(apply_patches);
+        }
+
+        // show amount of patches
+        log_info("patchmanager", "loaded total of {} patches", patches.size());
+        local_patches_initialized = true;
+    }
+
+    bool PatchManager::import_remote_patches_to_disk() {
+        bool imported = false;
+        // clear old patches
+        patches.clear();
+        url_fetch_errors.clear();
+
+        // load patches for main dll
+        imported = import_remote_patches_for_dll(patch_url, avs::game::DLL_NAME);
+
+        // check for additional patches based on module name
+        for (const std::string& dll : getExtraDlls(avs::game::DLL_NAME)) {
+            imported |= import_remote_patches_for_dll(patch_url, dll);
+        }
+
+        return imported;
+    }
+
+    void PatchManager::append_patches(
+        std::string &patches_json,
+        bool apply_patches,
+        std::function<bool(const PatchData&)> filter,
+        std::string pe_identifier_for_patch) {
+
+        // parse document
+        Document doc;
+        doc.Parse(patches_json.c_str());
+
+        // check parse error
+        const auto error = doc.GetParseError();
+        const auto error_offset = doc.GetErrorOffset();
+        if (error) {
+            log_warning(
+                "patchmanager",
+                "patches file parse error at offset {}: {} ({})",
+                error_offset,
+                error,
+                rapidjson::GetParseError_En(error));
+        }
+
+        // iterate patches
+        for (auto &patch : doc.GetArray()) {
+
+            // verfiy patch data
+            auto name_it = patch.FindMember("name");
+            if (name_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                if (patch == doc.GetArray()[0]) {
+                    // first one is special - it may be header info, print it out to console
+                    rapidjson::StringBuffer buffer;
+                    PrettyWriter<StringBuffer> writer(buffer);
+                    patch.Accept(writer);
+                    log_info("patchmanager", "patches file info: \n{}", buffer.GetString());
+                } else {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse patch name");
+                }
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto game_code_it = patch.FindMember("gameCode");
+            if (game_code_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !game_code_it->value.IsString()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse game code for {}",
+                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto description_it = patch.FindMember("description");
+            if (description_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !description_it->value.IsString()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse description for {}",
+                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto caution_it = patch.FindMember("caution");
+            const char* caution = "";
+            if (caution_it != patch.MemberEnd() && caution_it->value.IsString()) {
+                caution = caution_it->value.GetString();
+            }
+            auto type_it = patch.FindMember("type");
+            if (type_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !type_it->value.IsString()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse type for {}",
+                    name_it->value.GetString());
+                continue;
+            }
+            auto pe_identifier_it = patch.FindMember("peIdentifier");
+            const char* pe_identifier = "";
+            if (pe_identifier_it != patch.MemberEnd() && pe_identifier_it->value.IsString()) {
+                pe_identifier = pe_identifier_it->value.GetString();
+            }
+            auto preset_it = patch.FindMember("preset");
+            bool preset = false;
+            if (preset_it != patch.MemberEnd() && preset_it->value.IsBool()) {
+                preset = preset_it->value.GetBool();
+            }
+
+            // build patch data
+            PatchData patch_data {
+                .enabled = false,
+                .game_code = game_code_it->value.GetString(),
+                .datecode_min = 0,
+                .datecode_max = 0,
+                .name = name_it->value.GetString(),
+                .description = description_it->value.GetString(),
+                .caution = std::string(caution),
+                .name_in_lower_case = strtolower(name_it->value.GetString()),
+                .type = PatchType::Unknown,
+                .preset = preset,
+                .patches_memory = std::vector<MemoryPatch>(),
+                .patches_union = std::vector<UnionPatch>(),
+                .patch_number = NumberPatch(),
+                .last_status = PatchStatus::Disabled,
+                .hash = "",
+                .unverified = false,
+                .peIdentifier = std::string(pe_identifier),
+                .error_reason = "",
+                .selected_union_name = "",
+            };
+
+            // determine date code
+            const auto date_code_it = patch.FindMember("dateCode");
+            if (date_code_it != patch.MemberEnd() && date_code_it->value.IsInt()) {
+                patch_data.datecode_min = date_code_it->value.GetInt();
+                patch_data.datecode_max = patch_data.datecode_min;
+            } else {
+                const auto date_code_min_it = patch.FindMember("dateCodeMin");
+                const auto date_code_max_it = patch.FindMember("dateCodeMax");
+                if (date_code_min_it != patch.MemberEnd() && date_code_min_it->value.IsInt() &&
+                    date_code_max_it != patch.MemberEnd() && date_code_max_it->value.IsInt()) {
+                    patch_data.datecode_min = date_code_min_it->value.GetInt();
+                    patch_data.datecode_max = date_code_max_it->value.GetInt();
+                }
+            }
+
+            // override pe identifier if it wasn't present in JSON (possible for remote patches)
+            if (patch_data.peIdentifier.empty()) {
+                patch_data.peIdentifier = pe_identifier_for_patch;
+            }
+
+            // if the caller provided a filter, check if this patch should be ignored.
+            if (filter && !filter(patch_data)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // determine patch type
+            const auto type_str = type_it->value.GetString();
+            if (!_stricmp(type_str, "memory")) {
+                patch_data.type = PatchType::Memory;
+            } else if (!_stricmp(type_str, "signature")) {
+                patch_data.type = PatchType::Signature;
+            } else if (!stricmp(type_str, "union")) {
+                patch_data.type = PatchType::Union;
+            } else if (!stricmp(type_str, "number")) {
+                patch_data.type = PatchType::Integer;
+            }
+
+            // check for skip
+            if (!avs::game::is_model(patch_data.game_code.c_str())) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // generate hash
+            patch_data.hash = patch_hash(patch_data);
+
+            // check for existing
+            bool existing = false;
+            for (auto &added_patch : patches) {
+                if (added_patch.hash == patch_data.hash) {
+                    existing = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            if (existing) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // hash check for enabled
+            if (patch_data.type == PatchType::Union) {
+                if (setting_union_patches_enabled.contains(patch_data.hash)) {
+                    patch_data.enabled = true;
+                }
+            } else if (patch_data.type == PatchType::Integer) {
+                if (setting_int_patches_enabled.contains(patch_data.hash)) {
+                    patch_data.enabled = true;
+                }
+            } else {
+                for (auto &enabled_entry : setting_patches_enabled) {
+                    if (patch_data.hash == enabled_entry) {
+                        patch_data.enabled = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check patch type
+            switch (patch_data.type) {
+            case PatchType::Memory: {
+
+                // iterate memory patches
+                auto patches_it = patch.FindMember("patches");
+                if (patches_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                    || !patches_it->value.IsArray()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get patches for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                for (auto& memory_patch : patches_it->value.GetArray()) {
+
+                    // validate data
+                    auto data_disabled_it = memory_patch.FindMember("dataDisabled");
+                    if (data_disabled_it == memory_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !data_disabled_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    auto data_enabled_it = memory_patch.FindMember("dataEnabled");
+                    if (data_enabled_it == memory_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !data_enabled_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // get hex strings
+                    auto data_disabled_hex = data_disabled_it->value.GetString();
+                    auto data_enabled_hex = data_enabled_it->value.GetString();
+                    auto data_disabled_hex_len = strlen(data_disabled_hex);
+                    auto data_enabled_hex_len = strlen(data_enabled_hex);
+                    if ((data_disabled_hex_len % 2) != 0 || (data_enabled_hex_len % 2) != 0) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "patch hex data length has odd length for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // convert to binary
+                    std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_disabled(new uint8_t[data_disabled_hex_len / 2]);
+                    std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_enabled(new uint8_t[data_enabled_hex_len / 2]);
+                    if (!hex2bin(data_disabled_hex, data_disabled.get())
+                        || (!hex2bin(data_enabled_hex, data_enabled.get()))) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse patch data from hex for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // get DLL name
+                    auto dll_name_it = memory_patch.FindMember("dllName");
+                    if (dll_name_it == memory_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !dll_name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get dllName for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    const std::string dll_name = fix_up_dll_name(dll_name_it->value.GetString());
+
+                    // build memory patch data
+                    MemoryPatch memory_patch_data {
+                        .dll_name = dll_name,
+                        .data_disabled = std::move(data_disabled),
+                        .data_disabled_len = data_disabled_hex_len / 2,
+                        .data_enabled = std::move(data_enabled),
+                        .data_enabled_len = data_enabled_hex_len / 2,
+                        .data_offset = 0,
+                    };
+
+                    // get data offset
+                    memory_patch_data.data_offset = 
+                        parse_json_data_offset(patch_data.name, memory_patch);
+                    if (memory_patch_data.data_offset == 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // move to list
+                    patch_data.patches_memory.emplace_back(memory_patch_data);
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case PatchType::Signature: {
+
+                // validate data
+                auto data_signature_it = patch.FindMember("signature");
+                if (data_signature_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                    || !data_signature_it->value.IsString()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto data_replacement_it = patch.FindMember("replacement");
+                if (data_replacement_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                    || !data_replacement_it->value.IsString()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get DLL name
+                auto dll_name_it = patch.FindMember("dllName");
+                if (dll_name_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                    || !dll_name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get dllName for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const std::string dll_name = fix_up_dll_name(dll_name_it->value.GetString());
+
+                // get optional offset
+                uint64_t offset = parse_json_data_offset(patch_data.name, patch);
+
+                // get optional usage
+                int usage = 0;
+                auto usage_it = patch.FindMember("usage");
+                if (usage_it != patch.MemberEnd()) {
+                    bool invalid = false;
+                    if (usage_it->value.IsInt64()) {
+                        usage = usage_it->value.GetInt64();
+                    } else if (usage_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        std::stringstream ss;
+                        ss << usage_it->value.GetString();
+                        ss >> usage;
+                        invalid = !ss.good() || !ss.eof();
+                    } else {
+                        invalid = true;
+                    }
+                    if (invalid) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid usage for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // build signature patch
+                SignaturePatch signature_data = {
+                    .dll_name = dll_name,
+                    .signature = data_signature_it->value.GetString(),
+                    .replacement = data_replacement_it->value.GetString(),
+                    .offset = offset,
+                    .usage = usage,
+                };
+
+                // convert to memory patch
+                patch_data.patches_memory.emplace_back(signature_data.to_memory(&patch_data));
+                patch_data.type = PatchType::Memory;
+                break;
+            }
+            case PatchType::Union: {
+                // iterate union patches
+                auto patches_it = patch.FindMember("patches");
+                if (patches_it == patch.MemberEnd()
+                    || !patches_it->value.IsArray()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get patches for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                std::string union_dll_name_for_patch("");
+                uint64_t union_offset_for_patch = 0;
+                uint64_t union_hex_len_for_patch = 0;
+
+                for (auto& union_patch : patches_it->value.GetArray()) {
+
+                    // validate data
+                    auto union_name_it = union_patch.FindMember("name");
+                    if (union_name_it == union_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !union_name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get name for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    auto union_patch_it = union_patch.FindMember("patch");
+                    if (union_patch_it == union_patch.MemberEnd()
+                        || !union_patch_it->value.IsObject()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get patch for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // get patch data
+                    auto union_dll_name_it = union_patch_it->value.FindMember("dllName");
+                    if (union_dll_name_it == union_patch_it->value.MemberEnd()
+                        || !union_dll_name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get dllName for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    auto union_data_it = union_patch_it->value.FindMember("data");
+                    if (union_data_it == union_patch_it->value.MemberEnd()
+                        || !union_data_it->value.IsString()) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get data for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // get hex string
+                    auto union_data_hex = union_data_it->value.GetString();
+                    auto union_data_hex_len = strlen(union_data_hex);
+                    if ((union_data_hex_len % 2) != 0) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "patch hex data length has odd length for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    // convert to binary
+                    std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> union_data(new uint8_t[union_data_hex_len / 2]);
+                    if (!hex2bin(union_data_hex, union_data.get())) {
+                        log_warning("patchmanager", "failed to parse patch data from hex for {}",
+                            name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // get DLL name
+                    const std::string union_dll_name =
+                        fix_up_dll_name(union_dll_name_it->value.GetString());
+                    if (union_dll_name_for_patch.empty()) {
+                        union_dll_name_for_patch = union_dll_name;
+                    } else if (union_dll_name != union_dll_name_for_patch) {
+                        log_warning(
+                            "patchmanager", "inconsistent DLL name for union patch '{}'::'{}', ignoring",
+                            name_it->value.GetString(),
+                            union_name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // get offset
+                    uint64_t union_offset = 
+                        parse_json_data_offset(patch_data.name, union_patch_it->value);
+                    if (union_offset == 0) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // validate that offset and size are the same for all patches for this union
+                    if (union_offset_for_patch == 0) {
+                        union_offset_for_patch = union_offset;
+                    } else if (union_offset_for_patch != union_offset) {
+                        log_warning(
+                            "patchmanager", "inconsistent offset detected for union patch '{}'::'{}', ignoring",
+                            name_it->value.GetString(),
+                            union_name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if (union_hex_len_for_patch == 0) {
+                        union_hex_len_for_patch = union_data_hex_len;
+                    } else if (union_hex_len_for_patch != union_data_hex_len) {
+                        log_warning(
+                            "patchmanager", "inconsistent length detected for union patch '{}'::'{}', ignoring",
+                            name_it->value.GetString(),
+                            union_name_it->value.GetString());
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    // build union patch
+                    UnionPatch union_patch_data{
+                        .name = union_name_it->value.GetString(),
+                        .dll_name = union_dll_name,
+                        .data = std::move(union_data),
+                        .data_len = union_data_hex_len / 2,
+                        .offset = union_offset,
+                    };
+
+                    // move to list
+                    patch_data.patches_union.emplace_back(union_patch_data);
+                }
+                
+                if (setting_union_patches_enabled.contains(patch_data.hash)) {
+                    patch_data.selected_union_name = setting_union_patches_enabled[patch_data.hash];
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case PatchType::Integer: {
+                auto& numpatch = patch_data.patch_number;
+
+                auto num_patch_it = patch.FindMember("patch");
+                if (num_patch_it == patch.MemberEnd() || !num_patch_it->value.IsObject()) {
+                    log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get patch for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // validate data
+                auto min_it = num_patch_it->value.FindMember("min");
+                if (min_it == num_patch_it->value.MemberEnd() || !min_it->value.IsNumber()) {
+                    log_warning(
+                        "patchmanager", "unable to get data for min - {}",
+                        min_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto max_it = num_patch_it->value.FindMember("max");
+                if (max_it == num_patch_it->value.MemberEnd() || !max_it->value.IsNumber()) {
+                    log_warning(
+                        "patchmanager", "unable to get data for max - {}",
+                        max_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                auto size_it = num_patch_it->value.FindMember("size");
+                if (size_it == num_patch_it->value.MemberEnd() || !size_it->value.IsNumber()) {
+                    log_warning(
+                        "patchmanager", "unable to get data for size - {}",
+                        size_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get values
+                auto min = min_it->value.GetInt();
+                auto max = max_it->value.GetInt();
+                auto size = size_it->value.GetUint();
+                if (min >= max) {
+                    log_warning(
+                        "patchmanager", "invalid min/max range provided for patch: {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (size != 1 && size != 2 && size != 4 && size != 8) {
+                    log_warning(
+                        "patchmanager", "invalid size provided for patch: {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get DLL name
+                auto dll_name_it = num_patch_it->value.FindMember("dllName");
+                if (dll_name_it == num_patch_it->value.MemberEnd() || !dll_name_it->value.IsString()) {
+                    log_warning(
+                        "patchmanager", "unable to get dllName for {}",
+                        name_it->value.GetString());
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // build number patch data
+                numpatch.dll_name = fix_up_dll_name(dll_name_it->value.GetString());
+                numpatch.min = min;
+                numpatch.max = max;
+                numpatch.size_in_bytes = size;
+
+                // get data offset
+                numpatch.data_offset =
+                    parse_json_data_offset(patch_data.name, num_patch_it->value);
+                if (numpatch.data_offset == 0) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // load value from previously saved patch setting
+                if (setting_int_patches_enabled.contains(patch_data.hash)) {
+                    numpatch.value = CLAMP(
+                            setting_int_patches_enabled[patch_data.hash],
+                            numpatch.min,
+                            numpatch.max);
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            case PatchType::Unknown:
+            default:
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "unknown patch type: {}", patch_data.type);
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // auto apply
+            if (apply_patches && setting_auto_apply && patch_data.enabled) {
+                print_auto_apply_status(patch_data);
+                apply_patch(patch_data, true);
+            }
+
+            // remember patch
+            patches.emplace_back(patch_data);
+        }
+    }
+
+    PatchStatus is_patch_active(PatchData &patch) {
+
+        // check patch type
+        switch (patch.type) {
+        case PatchType::Memory: {
+
+            // iterate patches
+            bool enabled = false;
+            bool disabled = false;
+            for (auto &memory_patch : patch.patches_memory) {
+                auto max_size = std::max(memory_patch.data_enabled_len, memory_patch.data_disabled_len);
+
+                // check for error to not try to get the pointer every frame
+                if (memory_patch.fatal_error) {
+                    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                        patch.unverified = true;
+                        return patch.enabled ? PatchStatus::Enabled : PatchStatus::Disabled;
+                    }
+                    return PatchStatus::Error;
+                }
+
+                // find data pointer if not known yet
+                if (memory_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                    // check if file exists
+                    auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / memory_patch.dll_name;
+                    if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+                        // file does not exist so that's pretty fatal
+                        memory_patch.fatal_error = true;
+                        patch.error_reason = "DLL not found on disk";
+                        return PatchStatus::Error;
+                    }
+
+                    // standalone mode
+                    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                        auto file = find_in_dll_map(
+                            memory_patch.dll_name, memory_patch.data_offset, max_size);
+                        if (!file) {
+                            patch.error_reason = "Invalid DLL or offset";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+                        memory_patch.data_offset_ptr = &(*file)[memory_patch.data_offset];
+
+                    } else {
+                        // get module
+                        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_path);
+                        if (!module) {
+                            // no fatal error, might just not be loaded yet
+                            patch.error_reason = "DLL not loaded into memory";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // convert offset to RVA
+                        auto offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, memory_patch.data_offset);
+                        if (offset == -1) {
+                            // RVA not found means unrecoverable
+                            memory_patch.fatal_error = true;
+                            patch.error_reason = "RVA not found";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // get module information
+                        MODULEINFO module_info {};
+                        if (!GetModuleInformation(
+                                GetCurrentProcess(),
+                                module,
+                                &module_info,
+                                sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+                            // hmm, maybe try again sometime, not fatal
+                            patch.error_reason = "Failed to get module info";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // check bounds
+                        auto max_offset = static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) + max_size;
+                        auto image_size = static_cast<uintptr_t>(module_info.SizeOfImage);
+                        if (max_offset >= image_size) {
+                            // outside of bounds, invalid patch, fatal
+                            memory_patch.fatal_error = true;
+                            patch.error_reason = "Invalid DLL or offset";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // save pointer
+                        auto dll_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll);
+                        memory_patch.data_offset_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(dll_base + offset);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // virtual protect
+                memutils::VProtectGuard guard(memory_patch.data_offset_ptr, max_size);
+
+                // compare
+                if (!guard.is_bad_address() && !memcmp(
+                    memory_patch.data_enabled.get(),
+                    memory_patch.data_offset_ptr,
+                    memory_patch.data_enabled_len)) {
+                    enabled = true;
+                } else if (!guard.is_bad_address() && !memcmp(
+                    memory_patch.data_disabled.get(),
+                    memory_patch.data_offset_ptr,
+                    memory_patch.data_disabled_len)) {
+                    disabled = true;
+                } else {
+                    patch.error_reason = "Bad patch; patch is neither on or off (single patch)";
+                    return PatchStatus::Error;
+                }
+            }
+            // check detection flags
+            if (enabled && disabled) {
+                patch.error_reason = "Bad patch; patch is both on and off (cumulative)";
+                return PatchStatus::Error;
+            } else if (enabled) {
+                return PatchStatus::Enabled;
+            } else if (disabled) {
+                return PatchStatus::Disabled;
+            } else {
+                patch.error_reason = "Bad patch; patch is neither on or off (cumulative)";
+                return PatchStatus::Error;
+            }
+        }
+        case PatchType::Signature: {
+            return PatchStatus::Error;
+        }
+        case PatchType::Union: {
+            // iterate patches
+            bool match_found = false;
+            patch.selected_union_name = "";
+            for (auto &union_patch : patch.patches_union) {
+                // check for error to not try to get the pointer every frame
+                if (union_patch.fatal_error) {
+                    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                        patch.unverified = true;
+                        return patch.enabled ? PatchStatus::Enabled : PatchStatus::Disabled;
+                    }
+                    return PatchStatus::Error;
+                }
+
+                // find data pointer if not known yet
+                if (union_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                    // check if file exists
+                    auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / union_patch.dll_name;
+                    if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+                        // file does not exist so that's pretty fatal
+                        union_patch.fatal_error = true;
+                        patch.error_reason = "DLL not found on disk";
+                        return PatchStatus::Error;
+                    }
+
+                    // standalone mode
+                    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                        auto file = find_in_dll_map(
+                            union_patch.dll_name, union_patch.offset, union_patch.data_len);
+                        if (!file) {
+                            patch.error_reason = "Invalid DLL or offset";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+                        union_patch.data_offset_ptr = &(*file)[union_patch.offset];
+
+                    } else {
+                        // get module
+                        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_path);
+                        if (!module) {
+                            // no fatal error, might just not be loaded yet
+                            patch.error_reason = "DLL not loaded into memory";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // convert offset to RVA
+                        auto offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, union_patch.offset);
+                        if (offset == -1) {
+                            // RVA not found means unrecoverable
+                            union_patch.fatal_error = true;
+                            patch.error_reason = "RVA not found";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // get module information
+                        MODULEINFO module_info {};
+                        if (!GetModuleInformation(
+                                GetCurrentProcess(),
+                                module,
+                                &module_info,
+                                sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+                            // hmm, maybe try again sometime, not fatal
+                            patch.error_reason = "Failed to get module info";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // check bounds
+                        auto max_offset = static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) + union_patch.data_len;
+                        auto image_size = static_cast<uintptr_t>(module_info.SizeOfImage);
+                        if (max_offset >= image_size) {
+                            // outside of bounds, invalid patch, fatal
+                            union_patch.fatal_error = true;
+                            patch.error_reason = "Invalid DLL or offset";
+                            return PatchStatus::Error;
+                        }
+
+                        // save pointer
+                        auto dll_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll);
+                        union_patch.data_offset_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(dll_base + offset);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // virtual protect
+                memutils::VProtectGuard guard(union_patch.data_offset_ptr, union_patch.data_len);
+                if (guard.is_bad_address()) {
+                    patch.error_reason = "Invalid offset, bad address";
+                    return PatchStatus::Error;
+                }
+
+                // is this union patch enabled in DLL?
+                if (!match_found &&
+                    memcmp(union_patch.data.get(), union_patch.data_offset_ptr, union_patch.data_len) == 0) {
+                    match_found = true;
+                    patch.selected_union_name = union_patch.name;
+                }
+
+                // if everything is OK, continue to check other patches in this union
+            }
+            // none of the union patches match what's in the DLL
+            if (!match_found) {
+                patch.error_reason = "No match found in union";
+                return PatchStatus::Error;
+            }
+            return patch.enabled ? PatchStatus::Enabled : PatchStatus::Disabled;
+        }
+        case PatchType::Integer: {
+            auto& numpatch = patch.patch_number;
+            numpatch.value = 0;
+
+            // check for fatal error and give up early
+            if (numpatch.fatal_error) {
+                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                    patch.unverified = true;
+                    return patch.enabled ? PatchStatus::Enabled : PatchStatus::Disabled;
+                }
+                return PatchStatus::Error;
+            }
+
+            // find data pointer if not known yet
+            if (numpatch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                // check if file exists
+                auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / numpatch.dll_name;
+                if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+                    // file does not exist so that's pretty fatal
+                    numpatch.fatal_error = true;
+                    patch.error_reason = "DLL not found on disk";
+                    return PatchStatus::Error;
+                }
+
+                // standalone mode
+                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                    const auto file = find_in_dll_map(
+                        numpatch.dll_name, numpatch.data_offset, numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+                    if (!file) {
+                        patch.error_reason = "Invalid DLL or offset";
+                        return PatchStatus::Error;
+                    }
+                    numpatch.data_offset_ptr = &(*file)[numpatch.data_offset];
+                } else {
+                    // get module
+                    const auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_path);
+                    if (!module) {
+                        // no fatal error, might just not be loaded yet
+                        patch.error_reason = "DLL not loaded into memory";
+                        return PatchStatus::Error;
+                    }
+
+                    // convert offset to RVA
+                    const auto offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, numpatch.data_offset);
+                    if (offset == -1) {
+                        // RVA not found means unrecoverable
+                        numpatch.fatal_error = true;
+                        patch.error_reason = "RVA not found";
+                        return PatchStatus::Error;
+                    }
+
+                    // get module information
+                    MODULEINFO module_info {};
+                    if (!GetModuleInformation(
+                            GetCurrentProcess(),
+                            module,
+                            &module_info,
+                            sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+
+                        // hmm, maybe try again sometime, not fatal
+                        patch.error_reason = "Failed to get module info";
+                        return PatchStatus::Error;
+                    }
+
+                    // check bounds
+                    const auto max_offset = static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset) + numpatch.size_in_bytes;
+                    const auto image_size = static_cast<uintptr_t>(module_info.SizeOfImage);
+                    if (max_offset >= image_size) {
+                        // outside of bounds, invalid patch, fatal
+                        numpatch.fatal_error = true;
+                        patch.error_reason = "Invalid DLL or offset";
+                        return PatchStatus::Error;
+                    }
+
+                    // save pointer so we don't have to do this again next frame
+                    const auto dll_base = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll);
+                    numpatch.data_offset_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(dll_base + offset);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // virtual protect
+            memutils::VProtectGuard guard(numpatch.data_offset_ptr, numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+            if (guard.is_bad_address()) {
+                patch.error_reason = "Invalid offset, bad address";
+                return PatchStatus::Error;
+            }
+
+            // what is the current value? check bounds
+            const auto value_in_dll =
+                parse_little_endian_int(numpatch.data_offset_ptr, numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+            if (value_in_dll < numpatch.min || numpatch.max < value_in_dll) {
+                patch.error_reason = "Number out of range, check min/max";
+                return PatchStatus::Error;
+            }
+
+            patch.patch_number.value = value_in_dll;
+            return patch.enabled ? PatchStatus::Enabled : PatchStatus::Disabled;
+        }
+        case PatchType::Unknown:
+        default:
+            patch.error_reason = "Unknown patch type";
+            return PatchStatus::Error;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool apply_patch(PatchData &patch, bool active) {
+
+        // check patch type
+        switch (patch.type) {
+        case PatchType::Memory: {
+
+            // iterate memory patches
+            for (auto &memory_patch : patch.patches_memory) {
+
+                /*
+                * we won't use the cached data_offset_ptr here
+                * that makes it more reliable, also only happens on load/toggle
+                */
+
+                // determine source/target buffer/size
+                uint8_t *src_buf = active
+                    ? memory_patch.data_disabled.get()
+                    : memory_patch.data_enabled.get();
+                size_t src_len = active
+                    ? memory_patch.data_disabled_len
+                    : memory_patch.data_enabled_len;
+                uint8_t *target_buf = active
+                    ? memory_patch.data_enabled.get()
+                    : memory_patch.data_disabled.get();
+                size_t target_len = active
+                    ? memory_patch.data_enabled_len
+                    : memory_patch.data_disabled_len;
+
+                // standalone mode
+                if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                    auto max_len = std::max(src_len, target_len);
+                    // find file from DLL_MAP
+                    auto dll_file = find_in_dll_map(
+                        memory_patch.dll_name, memory_patch.data_offset, max_len);
+                    if (!dll_file) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    // find offset into file
+                    if (memory_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                        memory_patch.data_offset_ptr =
+                            &(*dll_file)[memory_patch.data_offset];
+                    }
+                    if (memory_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    // copy target to memory if src matches
+                    if (memcmp(memory_patch.data_offset_ptr, src_buf, src_len) == 0) {
+                        memcpy(memory_patch.data_offset_ptr, target_buf, target_len);
+                    }
+
+                } else {
+
+                    // get pointer to offset
+                    auto max_len = std::max(src_len, target_len);
+                    if (memory_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                        memory_patch.data_offset_ptr =
+                            get_dll_offset_for_patch_apply(
+                                memory_patch.dll_name,
+                                memory_patch.data_offset,
+                                max_len);
+                        if (memory_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                            return false;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // virtual protect
+                    memutils::VProtectGuard guard(
+                        memory_patch.data_offset_ptr, max_len);
+
+                    // copy target to memory if src matches
+                    if (memcmp(memory_patch.data_offset_ptr, src_buf, src_len) == 0) {
+                        memcpy(memory_patch.data_offset_ptr, target_buf, target_len);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // success
+            return true;
+        }
+        case PatchType::Signature: {
+            return false;
+        }
+        case PatchType::Union: {
+            // Find the selected union patch
+            auto it = std::find_if(patch.patches_union.begin(), patch.patches_union.end(),
+                [&](const UnionPatch& up) { return up.name == patch.selected_union_name; });
+            if (it == patch.patches_union.end()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            auto& union_patch = *it;
+
+            // find data_offset_ptr
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                // find file from DLL_MAP
+                auto dll_file = find_in_dll_map(
+                    union_patch.dll_name, union_patch.offset, union_patch.data_len);
+                if (!dll_file) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // find offset into file
+                if (union_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                    union_patch.data_offset_ptr =
+                        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(union_patch.offset + &(*dll_file)[0]);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (union_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                    union_patch.data_offset_ptr = get_dll_offset_for_patch_apply(
+                            union_patch.dll_name,
+                            union_patch.offset,
+                            union_patch.data_len);
+                }
+            }
+            
+            if (union_patch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                return false;
+            }
+
+            // Apply the selected union patch
+            memutils::VProtectGuard guard(union_patch.data_offset_ptr, union_patch.data_len);
+            if (active) {
+                // apply the selected patch
+                memcpy(union_patch.data_offset_ptr, union_patch.data.get(), union_patch.data_len);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                // restore from original file on disk
+                return restore_bytes_from_dll_map_org(
+                    union_patch.data_offset_ptr,
+                    union_patch.dll_name,
+                    union_patch.offset,
+                    union_patch.data_len);
+            }
+        }
+        case PatchType::Integer: {
+            auto& numpatch = patch.patch_number;
+            if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                // find file from DLL_MAP
+                auto dll_file = find_in_dll_map(
+                    numpatch.dll_name, numpatch.data_offset, numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+                if (!dll_file) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                // find offset into file
+                if (numpatch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                    numpatch.data_offset_ptr =
+                        reinterpret_cast<uint8_t*>(numpatch.data_offset + &(*dll_file)[0]);
+                }
+            } else {
+                if (numpatch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                    numpatch.data_offset_ptr = get_dll_offset_for_patch_apply(
+                            numpatch.dll_name,
+                            numpatch.data_offset,
+                            numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+                }
+            }
+            if (numpatch.data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            memutils::VProtectGuard guard(numpatch.data_offset_ptr, numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+            if (active) {
+                // apply the selected patch
+                int_to_little_endian_bytes(
+                    numpatch.value, numpatch.data_offset_ptr, numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+                return true;
+            } else {
+                // restore from original file on disk
+                return restore_bytes_from_dll_map_org(
+                    numpatch.data_offset_ptr,
+                    numpatch.dll_name,
+                    numpatch.data_offset,
+                    numpatch.size_in_bytes);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+        default: {
+
+            // unknown patch type - fail
+            return false;
+        }
+        }
+    }
+
+    MemoryPatch SignaturePatch::to_memory(PatchData *patch) {
+
+        // check if file exists
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+
+            // file does not exist so that's pretty fatal
+            return {.fatal_error = true};
+        }
+
+        // remove spaces
+        signature.erase(std::remove(signature.begin(), signature.end(), ' '), signature.end());
+        replacement.erase(std::remove(replacement.begin(), replacement.end(), ' '), replacement.end());
+
+        // build pattern
+        std::string pattern_str(signature);
+        strreplace(pattern_str, "??", "00");
+        strreplace(pattern_str, "XX", "00");
+        auto pattern_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(signature.length() / 2);
+        if (!hex2bin(pattern_str.c_str(), pattern_bin.get())) {
+            return {.fatal_error = true};
+        }
+
+        // build signature mask
+        std::ostringstream signature_mask;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < signature.length(); i += 2) {
+            if (signature[i] == '?' || signature[i] == 'X') {
+                if (signature[i + 1] == '?' || signature[i + 1] == 'X') {
+                    signature_mask << '?';
+                } else {
+                    return {.fatal_error = true};
+                }
+            } else {
+                signature_mask << 'X';
+            }
+        }
+        std::string signature_mask_str = signature_mask.str();
+
+        // build replace data
+        std::string replace_data_str(replacement);
+        strreplace(replace_data_str, "??", "00");
+        strreplace(replace_data_str, "XX", "00");
+        auto replace_data_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(replacement.length() / 2);
+        if (!hex2bin(replace_data_str.c_str(), replace_data_bin.get())) {
+            return {.fatal_error = true};
+        }
+
+        // build replace mask
+        std::ostringstream replace_mask;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < replacement.length(); i += 2) {
+            if (replacement[i] == '?' || replacement[i] == 'X') {
+                if (replacement[i + 1] == '?' || replacement[i + 1] == 'X') {
+                    replace_mask << '?';
+                } else {
+                    return {.fatal_error = true};
+                }
+            } else {
+                replace_mask << 'X';
+            }
+        }
+        std::string replace_mask_str = replace_mask.str();
+
+        // find offset
+        uint64_t data_offset = 0;
+        uint8_t *data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
+        uintptr_t data_offset_ptr_base = 0;
+        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+
+            // load file into dll map if missing
+            auto it = DLL_MAP.find(dll_name);
+            if (it == DLL_MAP.end()) {
+                DLL_MAP[dll_name] =
+                        std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>(
+                                fileutils::bin_read(dll_path));
+                it = DLL_MAP.find(dll_name);
+            }
+
+            // find pattern
+            data_offset = find_pattern(*it->second, 0, pattern_bin.get(), signature_mask_str.c_str(), offset, usage);
+            data_offset_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(data_offset);
+            data_offset_ptr_base = (uintptr_t) it->second->data();
+
+        } else {
+
+            // get module
+            auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_path);
+            bool module_free = false;
+            if (!module) {
+                module = libutils::try_library(dll_path);
+                if (module) {
+                    module_free = true;
+                } else {
+                    return {.fatal_error = true};
+                }
+            }
+
+            // find pattern
+            data_offset_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(
+                    find_pattern(module, pattern_bin.get(), signature_mask_str.c_str(), offset, usage));
+
+            // convert back to offset
+            data_offset = libutils::rva2offset(dll_path, (intptr_t) (data_offset_ptr - (uint8_t*) module));
+
+            // clean
+            if (module_free) {
+                FreeLibrary(module);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check pointers
+        if (data_offset_ptr == nullptr) {
+            return {.fatal_error = true};
+        }
+
+        // get disabled/enabled data
+        size_t data_len = std::max(signature_mask_str.length(), replace_mask_str.length());
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_disabled(new uint8_t[data_len]);
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_enabled(new uint8_t[data_len]);
+        memutils::VProtectGuard data_guard(data_offset_ptr + data_offset_ptr_base, data_len);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < data_len; ++i) {
+            if (i >= signature_mask_str.length() || signature_mask_str[i] != 'X') {
+                data_disabled.get()[i] = (data_offset_ptr + data_offset_ptr_base)[i];
+            } else {
+                data_disabled.get()[i] = pattern_bin.get()[i];
+            }
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < data_len; ++i) {
+            if (i >= replace_mask_str.length() || replace_mask_str[i] != 'X') {
+                data_enabled.get()[i] = (data_offset_ptr + data_offset_ptr_base)[i];
+            } else {
+                data_enabled.get()[i] = replace_data_bin.get()[i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        // log edit
+        log_misc("patchmanager", "found {}: {:#08X}: {} -> {}",
+                 patch->name, data_offset,
+                 bin2hex(data_disabled.get(), data_len),
+                 bin2hex(data_enabled.get(), data_len));
+
+        // build patch
+        return MemoryPatch {
+                .dll_name = dll_name,
+                .data_disabled = std::move(data_disabled),
+                .data_disabled_len = data_len,
+                .data_enabled = std::move(data_enabled),
+                .data_enabled_len = data_len,
+                .data_offset = data_offset,
+                .data_offset_ptr = data_offset_ptr,
+        };
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t>* find_in_dll_map(
+        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+
+        auto dlls = DLL_MAP.find(dll_name);
+        if (dlls == DLL_MAP.end()) {
+            // not found; load DLL into map
+            DLL_MAP[dll_name] =
+                std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>(fileutils::bin_read(MODULE_PATH / dll_name));
+        }
+
+        // find file
+        auto file = DLL_MAP[dll_name].get();
+
+        // check bounds
+        if (file->size() < offset + size) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t>* find_in_dll_map_org(
+        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+
+        auto dlls = DLL_MAP_ORG.find(dll_name);
+        if (dlls == DLL_MAP_ORG.end()) {
+            // not found; load DLL into map
+            DLL_MAP_ORG[dll_name] =
+                std::unique_ptr<std::vector<uint8_t>>(fileutils::bin_read(MODULE_PATH / dll_name));
+        }
+
+        // find file
+        auto file = DLL_MAP_ORG[dll_name].get();
+        if (!file) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "could not load file into memory: {}", dll_name);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // check bounds
+        if (file->size() < offset + size) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return file;
+    }
+
+    void create_dll_backup(
+        std::vector<std::string>& written_list, const std::filesystem::path& dll_path) {
+
+        // if dll_path is not in written_list, create a file backup.
+        if (std::find(written_list.begin(), written_list.end(), dll_path.string()) == written_list.end()) {
+            written_list.push_back(dll_path.string());
+            auto dll_bak_path = std::filesystem::path(dll_path.string() + ".bak");
+            try {
+                if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_bak_path)) {
+                    std::filesystem::copy(dll_path, dll_bak_path);
+                }
+                log_info("patchmanager", "created DLL backup for: {}", dll_path.string());
+            } catch (const std::filesystem::filesystem_error& e) {
+                log_warning(
+                    "patchmanager",
+                    "filesystem error while creating DLL backup for {}, error: {}",
+                    dll_path.string(), e.what());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string fix_up_dll_name(const std::string& dll_name) {
+        // IIDX omnimix dll name fix
+        if (dll_name == "bm2dx.dll" && avs::game::is_model("LDJ") && avs::game::REV[0] == 'X') {
+            return avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+        }
+
+        // BST 1/2 combined release dll name fix
+        if (dll_name == "beatstream.dll" &&
+            (avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream1.dll" || avs::game::DLL_NAME == "beatstream2.dll")) {
+            return avs::game::DLL_NAME;
+        }
+
+        return dll_name;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t* get_dll_offset_for_patch_apply(
+        const std::string& dll_name, const uint64_t data_offset, const size_t size_in_bytes) {
+
+        /// check if file exists
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "{} does not exist", dll_path.string());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // get module
+        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_path);
+        if (!module) {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "cannot get module: {}", dll_path.string());
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // convert offset to RVA
+        auto offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, (intptr_t)data_offset);
+        if (offset == -1) {
+            log_warning(
+                "patchmanager", "cannot convert offset to RVA: {}, {}",
+                dll_path.string(), data_offset);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // get module information
+        MODULEINFO module_info{};
+        if (!GetModuleInformation(
+                GetCurrentProcess(),
+                module,
+                &module_info,
+                sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+
+            log_warning(
+                "patchmanager", "GetModuleInformation failed for {}, gle: {}",
+                dll_path.string(), GetLastError());
+
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // transmute pointer
+        auto dll_base = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll);
+        auto dll_image_size = static_cast<uintptr_t>(module_info.SizeOfImage);
+
+        // check bounds
+        auto max_offset = static_cast<uintptr_t>(offset + size_in_bytes);
+        if (max_offset >= dll_image_size) {
+            log_warning(
+                "patchmanager", "invalid offset bounds for {} ({})",
+                dll_name, max_offset);
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        return &dll_base[offset];
+    }
+
+    int64_t parse_little_endian_int(uint8_t* bytes, size_t size) {
+        uint64_t result = 0;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            result |= bytes[i] << i * 8;
+        }
+        return static_cast<int64_t>(result);
+    }
+
+    void int_to_little_endian_bytes(int64_t value, uint8_t* bytes, size_t size) {
+        uint64_t v = static_cast<uint64_t>(value);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            bytes[i] = (v >> (i * 8)) & 0xff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool restore_bytes_from_dll_map_org(
+        uint8_t* destination, const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+
+        const auto& orig_file = find_in_dll_map_org(dll_name, offset, size);
+        if (!orig_file) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        memcpy(destination, orig_file->data() + offset, size);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t parse_json_data_offset(
+        const std::string &patch_name, const rapidjson::Value &value) {
+
+        // parse "offset" / "dataOffset"
+        auto data_offset_it = value.FindMember("offset");
+        if (data_offset_it == value.MemberEnd()) {
+            data_offset_it = value.FindMember("dataOffset");
+            if (data_offset_it == value.MemberEnd()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get offset / dataOffset for {}", patch_name);
+                return 0;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (data_offset_it->value.IsUint64()) {
+            // parse as unsigned integer
+            return data_offset_it->value.GetUint64();
+
+        } else if (data_offset_it->value.IsString()) {
+            // parse as string and convert to integer
+            uint64_t offset;
+            std::stringstream ss;
+            ss << data_offset_it->value.GetString();
+            ss >> offset;
+            if (!ss.good() || !ss.eof()) {
+                log_warning("patchmanager", "invalid offset for {}", patch_name);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            return offset;
+        } else {
+            log_warning("patchmanager", "unable to get offset for {}", patch_name);
+            return 0;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void print_auto_apply_status(PatchData &patch) {
+        switch (patch.type) {
+            case PatchType::Union:
+                log_info(
+                    "patchmanager", "auto apply: {} = {}",
+                    patch.name, patch.selected_union_name);
+                break;
+            case PatchType::Integer:
+                log_info(
+                    "patchmanager", "auto apply: {} = {}",
+                    patch.name, patch.patch_number.value);
+                break;
+            case PatchType::Memory:
+            case PatchType::Signature:
+            default:
+                log_info("patchmanager", "auto apply: {} = ON", patch.name);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/patch_manager.h b/overlay/windows/patch_manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b3a6698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/patch_manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include <map>
+#include <functional>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include "external/rapidjson/document.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    enum class PatchType {
+        Unknown,
+        Memory,
+        Signature,
+        Union,
+        Integer,
+    };
+
+    enum class PatchStatus {
+        Error,
+        Disabled,
+        Enabled,
+    };
+
+    enum class PatchUrlStatus {
+        Valid,
+        Invalid,
+        Unapplied,
+        ValidButNoData,
+        Partial,
+    };
+
+    struct MemoryPatch {
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_disabled = nullptr;
+        size_t data_disabled_len = 0;
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data_enabled = nullptr;
+        size_t data_enabled_len = 0;
+        uint64_t data_offset = 0;
+        uint8_t *data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
+        bool fatal_error = false;
+    };
+
+    struct PatchData;
+    struct SignaturePatch {
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        std::string signature = "", replacement = "";
+        uint64_t offset = 0;
+        int64_t usage = 0;
+
+        MemoryPatch to_memory(PatchData *patch);
+    };
+
+    struct UnionPatch {
+        std::string name = "";
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        std::shared_ptr<uint8_t[]> data = nullptr;
+        size_t data_len = 0;
+        uint64_t offset = 0;
+        uint8_t* data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
+        bool fatal_error = false;
+    };
+
+    struct NumberPatch {
+        std::string dll_name = "";
+        uint64_t data_offset = 0;
+        uint8_t* data_offset_ptr = nullptr;
+        int32_t min;
+        int32_t max;
+        int32_t value;
+        size_t size_in_bytes;
+        bool fatal_error = false;
+    };
+
+    struct PatchData {
+        bool enabled;
+        std::string game_code;
+        int datecode_min = 0;
+        int datecode_max = 0;
+        std::string name, description, caution;
+        std::string name_in_lower_case = "";
+        PatchType type;
+        bool preset;
+        std::vector<MemoryPatch> patches_memory;
+        std::vector<UnionPatch> patches_union;
+        NumberPatch patch_number;
+        PatchStatus last_status;
+        std::string hash;
+        bool unverified = false;
+        std::string peIdentifier;
+        std::string error_reason = "";
+
+        // for union patch only
+        std::string selected_union_name = "";
+    };
+
+    std::string get_game_identifier(const std::filesystem::path& dll_path);
+
+    class PatchManager : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        PatchManager(SpiceOverlay *overlay, bool apply_patches = false);
+        ~PatchManager() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+        void reload_local_patches(bool apply_patches = false);
+        bool import_remote_patches_to_disk();
+        bool load_from_patches_json(bool apply_patches);
+        bool import_remote_patches_for_dll(const std::string& url, const std::string& dll_name);
+        void hard_apply_patches();
+        void load_embedded_patches(bool apply_patches);
+
+    private:
+
+        // configuration
+        static std::filesystem::path config_path;
+        static bool config_dirty;
+        static bool setting_auto_apply;
+        static std::vector<std::string> setting_auto_apply_list;
+        static std::vector<std::string> setting_patches_enabled;
+        static std::map<std::string, std::string> setting_union_patches_enabled;
+        static std::map<std::string, int64_t> setting_int_patches_enabled;
+        static std::string patch_url;
+        static std::string patch_name_filter;
+
+        static std::filesystem::path LOCAL_PATCHES_PATH;
+        static std::string ACTIVE_JSON_FILE;
+
+        // patches
+        static std::vector<PatchData> patches;
+        static bool local_patches_initialized;
+
+        void config_load();
+        void config_save();
+
+        void append_patches(
+            std::string &patches_json,
+            bool apply_patches = false,
+            std::function<bool(const PatchData&)> filter = std::function<bool(const PatchData&)>(),
+            std::string pe_identifier_for_patch = "");
+
+    };
+
+    PatchStatus is_patch_active(PatchData &patch);
+    bool apply_patch(PatchData &patch, bool active);
+
+    int64_t parse_little_endian_int(uint8_t* bytes, size_t size);
+    void int_to_little_endian_bytes(int64_t value, uint8_t* bytes, size_t size);
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t>* find_in_dll_map(
+        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
+    std::vector<uint8_t>* find_in_dll_map_org(
+        const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
+
+    bool restore_bytes_from_dll_map_org(
+        uint8_t* destination, const std::string& dll_name, size_t offset, size_t size);
+
+    void create_dll_backup(
+        std::vector<std::string>& written_list, const std::filesystem::path& dll_path);
+    std::string fix_up_dll_name(const std::string& dll_name);
+    uint8_t* get_dll_offset_for_patch_apply(
+        const std::string& dll_name, const uint64_t data_offset, const size_t size_in_bytes);
+ 
+    uint64_t parse_json_data_offset(
+        const std::string &patch_name, const rapidjson::Value &value);
+
+    void print_auto_apply_status(PatchData &patch);
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/screen_resize.cpp b/overlay/windows/screen_resize.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1478adb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/screen_resize.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,223 @@
+#include <games/io.h>
+
+#include "screen_resize.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "cfg/screen_resize.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    ScreenResize::ScreenResize(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Screen Resize";
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize;
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(10, 10);
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleScreenResize;
+        this->toggle_screen_resize = games::OverlayButtons::ScreenResize;
+    }
+
+    ScreenResize::~ScreenResize() {
+    }
+
+    HWND ScreenResize::get_first_window() {
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWS.size() == 0) {
+            return NULL;
+        }
+        return GRAPHICS_WINDOWS[0];
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::reset_window() {
+        this->reset_vars_to_default();
+        if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+            const auto window = get_first_window();
+            if (window) {
+                graphics_move_resize_window(window);
+                graphics_update_window_style(window);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::reset_vars_to_default() {
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_screen_resize = false;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_linear_filter = true;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->keep_aspect_ratio = true;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->centered = true;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_x = 0;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_y = 0;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_x = 1.f;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_y = 1.f;
+
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_window_resize = false;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_always_on_top = false;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_decoration = cfg::WindowDecorationMode::Default;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_x = 0;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_y = 0;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_keep_aspect_ratio = true;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_width;
+        cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_height;
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::build_content() {
+        ImGui::Text("For: %s", eamuse_get_game().c_str());
+        {
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Image Resize", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen)) {
+                this->build_fullscreen_config();
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+        }
+
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(!GRAPHICS_WINDOWED);
+        {
+            int flags = 0;
+            if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+                flags |= ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen;
+            }
+            if (ImGui::TreeNodeEx("Window Size", flags)) {
+                build_windowed_config();
+                ImGui::TreePop();
+            }
+            ImGui::EndDisabled();
+        }
+
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        build_footer();
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::build_fullscreen_config() {
+        // enable checkbox
+        ImGui::TextWrapped("Hint: bind a key to Screen Resize for quickly toggling this on/off.");
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Enable", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_screen_resize);
+
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(!cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_screen_resize);
+
+        // general settings
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Linear Filter", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_linear_filter);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Centered", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->centered);
+        if (!cfg::SCREENRESIZE->centered) {
+            ImGui::InputInt("X Offset", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_x);
+            ImGui::InputInt("Y Offset", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->offset_y);
+        }
+
+        // aspect ratio
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Keep Aspect Ratio", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->keep_aspect_ratio);
+        if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->keep_aspect_ratio) {
+            if (ImGui::SliderFloat("Scale", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_x, 0.65f, 2.0f)) {
+                cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_y = cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_x;
+            }
+        } else {
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("Width Scale", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_x, 0.65f, 2.0f);
+            ImGui::SliderFloat("Height Scale", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->scale_y, 0.65f, 2.0f);
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::build_windowed_config() {
+        // for now, only supports the first window
+        const auto window = get_first_window();
+        if (!window) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted("Warning: may cause some games to crash.");
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(graphics_window_change_crashes_game());
+        if (ImGui::Combo(
+                "Window Style",
+                &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_decoration,
+                "Default\0Borderless\0Resizable Window\0\0")) {
+            graphics_update_window_style(window);
+        }
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        ImGui::HelpMarker(
+            "Change window decoration. Resizable Window may not cause your mouse cursor to change, "
+            "but you can still drag to resize. Disabled for some games due to incompatibility.");
+
+        if (ImGui::Checkbox("Always on Top", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_always_on_top) ) {
+            graphics_update_z_order(window);
+        }
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Keep Aspect Ratio", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_keep_aspect_ratio);
+        ImGui::Checkbox("Manual window move/resize", &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_window_resize);
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(!cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_window_resize);
+
+        bool changed = false;
+        const uint32_t step = 1;
+        const uint32_t step_fast = 10;
+        ImGui::BeginDisabled(cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_keep_aspect_ratio);
+        ImGui::InputScalar(
+            "Width",
+            ImGuiDataType_U32,
+            &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width,
+            &step, &step_fast, nullptr);
+        changed |= ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+
+        ImGui::InputScalar(
+            "Height",
+            ImGuiDataType_U32,
+            &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height,
+            &step, &step_fast, nullptr);
+        changed |= ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+
+        ImGui::InputScalar(
+            "X Offset",
+            ImGuiDataType_S32,
+            &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_x,
+            &step, &step_fast, nullptr);
+        changed |= ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+
+        ImGui::InputScalar(
+            "Y Offset",
+            ImGuiDataType_S32,
+            &cfg::SCREENRESIZE->window_offset_y,
+            &step, &step_fast, nullptr);
+        changed |= ImGui::IsItemDeactivatedAfterEdit();
+
+        if (changed) {
+            if (cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_keep_aspect_ratio) {
+                cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_width =
+                    cfg::SCREENRESIZE->client_height * cfg::SCREENRESIZE->init_client_aspect_ratio;
+            }
+            graphics_move_resize_window(window);
+        }
+
+        ImGui::EndDisabled();
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::build_footer() {
+        // reset button
+        if (ImGui::Button("Reset")) {
+            this->reset_window();
+        }
+
+        // load button
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Load")) {
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->config_load();
+        }
+
+        // save button
+        ImGui::SameLine();
+        if (ImGui::Button("Save")) {
+            cfg::SCREENRESIZE->config_save();
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ScreenResize::update() {
+        Window::update();
+        if (this->toggle_screen_resize != ~0u) {
+            auto overlay_buttons = games::get_buttons_overlay(eamuse_get_game());
+            bool toggle_screen_resize_new = overlay_buttons
+                && this->overlay->hotkeys_triggered()
+                && GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, overlay_buttons->at(this->toggle_screen_resize));
+            
+            if (toggle_screen_resize_new && !this->toggle_screen_resize_state) {
+                cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_screen_resize = !cfg::SCREENRESIZE->enable_screen_resize;
+            }
+            this->toggle_screen_resize_state = toggle_screen_resize_new;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/screen_resize.h b/overlay/windows/screen_resize.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8f144f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/screen_resize.h
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class ScreenResize : public Window {
+    public:
+        ScreenResize(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~ScreenResize() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+        void update();
+        
+    private:
+        size_t toggle_screen_resize = ~0u;
+        bool toggle_screen_resize_state = false;
+
+        void build_fullscreen_config();
+        void build_windowed_config();
+        void build_footer();
+        std::string hwnd_preview(int index, HWND hwnd);
+        HWND get_first_window();
+
+        void reset_window();
+        void reset_vars_to_default();
+
+        static LRESULT CALLBACK screen_resize_wndproc(
+            HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+
+        static void wndproc_wm_sizing(int edge, RECT& rect);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/sdvx_sub.cpp b/overlay/windows/sdvx_sub.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..26ed44a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/sdvx_sub.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#undef CINTERFACE
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "sdvx_sub.h"
+#include "games/sdvx/sdvx.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    SDVXSubScreen::SDVXSubScreen(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : GenericSubScreen(overlay) {
+        this->title = "SDVX Sub Screen";
+
+        bool isValkyrieCabinetMode = avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'G' || avs::game::SPEC[0] == 'H';
+        if (!isValkyrieCabinetMode) {
+            this->disabled_message = "Valkyrie Model mode is not enabled!";
+        } else if (GRAPHICS_WINDOWED) {
+            if (GRAPHICS_PREVENT_SECONDARY_WINDOW) {
+                this->disabled_message = "Subscreen has been disabled by the user (-sdvxnosub).";
+            } else {
+                this->disabled_message = "Overlay unavailable in windowed mode! Use the second window instead.";
+            }
+        }
+
+        const auto padding = ImGui::GetFrameHeight() / 2;
+
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x - (padding * 2), 0.f);
+        this->init_size.y = (this->init_size.x * 9 / 16) + ImGui::GetFrameHeight();
+
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2, 0);
+        switch (games::sdvx::OVERLAY_POS) {
+            case games::sdvx::SDVX_OVERLAY_TOP:
+                this->init_pos.y = padding;
+                break;
+            case games::sdvx::SDVX_OVERLAY_BOTTOM:
+                this->init_pos.y = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y - this->init_size.y - padding;
+                break;
+            case games::sdvx::SDVX_OVERLAY_MIDDLE:
+            default:
+                this->init_pos.y = (ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2) - (this->init_size.y / 2);
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void SDVXSubScreen::touch_transform(const ImVec2 xy_in, LONG *x_out, LONG *y_out) {
+        if (!this->get_active()) {
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        // SDVX Valkyrie cab needs math to make things work
+        // what the game expects from touch screen:
+        // [1080, 0     1920, 1080]
+        // [0, 0           0, 1920]
+
+        // actual cursor position given by x_in (on the overlay, normalized):
+        // [0, 0           1, 0]
+        // [0, 1           1, 1]
+
+        // Basically, the game operates on rotated coordinates, but on top of that,
+        // it needs to be adjusted so they match up with the subscreen overlay.
+
+        // so the math is:
+        // Xin(0, 1) => Yout(0, 1920)
+        // Yin(0, 1) => Xout(1080, 0)
+
+        *x_out = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x * (1.f - xy_in.y);
+        *y_out = ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y * xy_in.x;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/sdvx_sub.h b/overlay/windows/sdvx_sub.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9da142c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/sdvx_sub.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_SDVX_SUB_H
+#define SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_SDVX_SUB_H
+
+#include <optional>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+#include "overlay/windows/generic_sub.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class SDVXSubScreen : public GenericSubScreen {
+    public:
+        SDVXSubScreen(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+
+    protected:
+        void touch_transform(const ImVec2 xy_in, LONG *x_out, LONG *y_out) override;
+    };
+}
+
+#endif // SPICETOOLS_OVERLAY_WINDOWS_SDVX_SUB_H
diff --git a/overlay/windows/vr.cpp b/overlay/windows/vr.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b97b27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/vr.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+#include "vr.h"
+#include "misc/vrutil.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "games/drs/drs.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "overlay/imgui/extensions.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    VRWindow::VRWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "VR";
+        this->flags = ImGuiWindowFlags_None;
+        this->toggle_button = games::OverlayButtons::ToggleVRControl;
+        this->init_size = ImVec2(500, 800);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(250, 200);
+    }
+
+    VRWindow::~VRWindow() {
+    }
+
+    void VRWindow::build_content() {
+        ImGui::BeginTabBar("VRTabBar");
+        if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Info")) {
+            build_info();
+            ImGui::EndTabItem();
+        }
+        if (avs::game::is_model("REC")) {
+            if (ImGui::BeginTabItem("Dancefloor")) {
+                build_dancefloor();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void VRWindow::build_info() {
+
+        // status
+        auto status = vrutil::STATUS;
+        switch (status) {
+            case vrutil::VRStatus::Disabled:
+                ImGui::TextColored(
+                        ImVec4(0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.f),
+                        "Disabled");
+                if (ImGui::Button("Start")) {
+                    vrutil::init();
+                    if (avs::game::is_model("REC")) {
+                        games::drs::start_vr();
+                    }
+                }
+                break;
+            case vrutil::VRStatus::Error:
+                ImGui::TextColored(
+                        ImVec4(0.8f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.f),
+                        "Error");
+                if (ImGui::Button("Restart")) {
+                    vrutil::shutdown();
+                    vrutil::init();
+                }
+                break;
+            case vrutil::VRStatus::Running:
+                ImGui::TextColored(
+                        ImVec4(0.1f, 0.8f, 0.1f, 1.f),
+                        "Running");
+                if (ImGui::Button("Stop")) {
+                    vrutil::shutdown();
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // rescan
+        if (ImGui::Button("Rescan Devices")) {
+            vrutil::scan(true);
+        }
+
+        // data table header
+        ImGui::Columns(2);
+        ImGui::Text("Device");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Text("Position");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // HMD/Left/Right data
+        vr::TrackedDevicePose_t hmd_pose, left_pose, right_pose;
+        vr::VRControllerState_t left_state, right_state;
+        vrutil::get_hmd_pose(&hmd_pose);
+        vrutil::get_con_pose(vrutil::INDEX_LEFT, &left_pose, &left_state);
+        vrutil::get_con_pose(vrutil::INDEX_RIGHT, &right_pose, &right_state);
+        auto hmd_pos = vrutil::get_translation(hmd_pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking);
+        auto left_pos = vrutil::get_translation(left_pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking);
+        auto right_pos = vrutil::get_translation(right_pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking);
+        ImGui::Text("HMD");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(fmt::format(
+                "X={:3f} Y={:3f} Z={:3f}",
+                hmd_pos.x, hmd_pos.y, hmd_pos.z).c_str());
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Text("Left");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(fmt::format(
+                "X={:3f} Y={:3f} Z={:3f}",
+                left_pos.x, left_pos.y, left_pos.z).c_str());
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::Text("Right");
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+        ImGui::TextUnformatted(fmt::format(
+                "X={:3f} Y={:3f} Z={:3f}",
+                right_pos.x, right_pos.y, right_pos.z).c_str());
+        ImGui::NextColumn();
+    }
+
+    void VRWindow::build_dancefloor() {
+        ImGui::Separator();
+
+        // settings
+        ImGui::DragFloat3("Scale", &games::drs::VR_SCALE[0], 0.1f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat3("Offset", &games::drs::VR_OFFSET[0], 0.1f);
+        ImGui::DragFloat("Rotation", &games::drs::VR_ROTATION, 0.5f);
+        for (int i = 0; i < (int) std::size(games::drs::VR_FOOTS); ++i) {
+            auto &foot = games::drs::VR_FOOTS[i];
+            ImGui::Separator();
+            ImGui::PushID(&foot);
+            ImGui::Text("%s Foot", i == 0 ? "Left" : "Right");
+            ImGui::InputInt("Device Index", (int*) &foot.index, 1, 1);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Length", &foot.length,
+                             0.005f, 0.001f, 1000.f);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Size Base", &foot.size_base,
+                             0.005f, 0.001f, 1000.f);
+            ImGui::DragFloat("Size Scale", &foot.size_scale,
+                             0.005f, 0.001f, 1000.f);
+            ImGui::DragFloat4("Rotation Quat", &foot.rotation.x, 0.001f, -1, 1);
+            if (ImGui::Button("Calibrate")) {
+                vr::TrackedDevicePose_t pose;
+                vr::VRControllerState_t state;
+                vrutil::get_con_pose(foot.get_index(), &pose, &state);
+                foot.length = foot.height + 0.02f;
+                auto pose_rot = vrutil::get_rotation(pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking.m);
+                foot.rotation = linalg::qmul(linalg::qinv(pose_rot),
+                        vrutil::get_rotation((float) M_PI * -0.5f, 0, 0));
+            }
+            ImGui::SameLine();
+            ImGui::HelpMarker("Place the controller to the lower part of your leg "
+                              "and press this button to auto calibrate angle and length");
+            ImGui::PopID();
+        }
+
+        // prepare view
+        auto draw_list = ImGui::GetWindowDrawList();
+        auto canvas_pos = ImGui::GetCursorScreenPos();
+        auto canvas_size = ImGui::GetContentRegionAvail();
+        float offset_x = canvas_size.x * 0.5f;
+        float offset_y = canvas_size.y * 0.1f;
+        float off_x = offset_x + canvas_pos.x;
+        float off_y = offset_y + canvas_pos.y;
+        float scale = std::min(canvas_size.x, canvas_size.y) / 60;
+
+        // axis
+        draw_list->AddLine(
+                ImVec2(canvas_pos.x, off_y),
+                ImVec2(canvas_pos.x + canvas_size.x, off_y),
+                ImColor(255, 0, 0, 128));
+        draw_list->AddLine(
+                ImVec2(off_x, canvas_pos.y),
+                ImVec2(off_x, canvas_pos.y + canvas_size.y),
+                ImColor(0, 255, 0, 128));
+
+        // tiles
+        for (int x = 0; x < 38; x++) {
+            for (int y = 0; y < 49; y++) {
+                auto &led = games::drs::DRS_TAPELED[x + y * 38];
+                ImColor color((int) led[0], (int) led[1], (int) led[2]);
+                ImVec2 p1((x - 19) * scale + off_x, (y + 0) * scale + off_y);
+                ImVec2 p2((x - 18) * scale + off_x, (y + 1) * scale + off_y);
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(p1, p2, color, 0.f);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // foots
+        const float foot_box = 2.f * scale;
+        for (auto &foot : games::drs::VR_FOOTS) {
+            vr::TrackedDevicePose_t pose;
+            vr::VRControllerState_t state;
+            vrutil::get_con_pose(foot.get_index(), &pose, &state);
+            if (pose.bPoseIsValid) {
+
+                // position
+                auto pos = vrutil::get_translation(pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking);
+                pos = foot.to_world(pos);
+                pos.x -= 19;
+                pos *= scale;
+                ImColor color(255, 0, 255);
+                if (foot.event.type == games::drs::DRS_DOWN
+                || (foot.event.type == games::drs::DRS_MOVE)) {
+                    auto size_factor = foot.event.width / (foot.size_base + foot.size_scale);
+                    color = ImColor((int) (size_factor * 127) + 128, 0, 0);
+                }
+                ImVec2 p1(pos.x + off_x - foot_box * 0.5f,
+                          pos.y + off_y - foot_box * 0.5f);
+                ImVec2 p2(pos.x + off_x + foot_box * 0.5f,
+                          pos.y + off_y + foot_box * 0.5f);
+                draw_list->AddRectFilled(p1, p2, color, 0.f);
+
+                // direction
+                auto direction = -linalg::qzdir(linalg::qmul(
+                        vrutil::get_rotation(pose.mDeviceToAbsoluteTracking.m),
+                        foot.rotation));
+                direction = linalg::aliases::float3 {
+                        -direction.z, direction.x, direction.y
+                };
+                auto end = pos + direction * foot.length * scale;
+                draw_list->AddLine(
+                        ImVec2(pos.x + off_x, pos.y + off_y),
+                        ImVec2(end.x + off_x, end.y + off_y),
+                        ImColor(0, 255, 0));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/vr.h b/overlay/windows/vr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5734a40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/vr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class VRWindow : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        VRWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~VRWindow() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+        void build_info();
+        void build_dancefloor();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/wnd_manager.cpp b/overlay/windows/wnd_manager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d44315f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/wnd_manager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#include "wnd_manager.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    WndManagerWindow::WndManagerWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay) : Window(overlay) {
+        this->title = "Window Manager";
+        this->flags |= ImGuiWindowFlags_AlwaysAutoResize;
+        this->init_pos = ImVec2(
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.x / 2 - this->init_size.x / 2,
+                ImGui::GetIO().DisplaySize.y / 2 - this->init_size.y / 2);
+        this->size_min = ImVec2(400, 400);
+        this->active = true;
+    }
+
+    WndManagerWindow::~WndManagerWindow() {
+    }
+
+    static std::string hwnd_preview(int index, HWND hwnd) {
+        char hwnd_title[256];
+        if (GetWindowText(hwnd, hwnd_title, sizeof(hwnd_title)) > 0) {
+            return hwnd_title;
+        } else {
+            return fmt::format("{}: {}", index, (void*) hwnd);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void WndManagerWindow::build_content() {
+
+        // get current window
+        auto &windows_list = GRAPHICS_WINDOWS;
+        HWND hwnd_current = 0;
+        std::string preview = "None";
+        if (this->window_current >= (int) windows_list.size()) {
+            this->window_current = windows_list.size() - 1;
+        }
+        if (this->window_current >= 0) {
+            hwnd_current = windows_list[this->window_current];
+            preview = hwnd_preview(this->window_current, hwnd_current);
+        }
+
+        // window selection
+        if (ImGui::BeginCombo("Window Selection", preview.c_str(), 0)) {
+            size_t count = 0;
+            for (auto &hwnd : windows_list) {
+                bool selected = hwnd_current == hwnd;
+                auto cur_preview = hwnd_preview(count, hwnd);
+                if (ImGui::Selectable(cur_preview.c_str(), selected)) {
+                    this->window_current = count;
+                }
+                if (selected) {
+                    ImGui::SetItemDefaultFocus();
+                }
+                count++;
+            }
+            ImGui::EndCombo();
+        }
+
+        // window information
+        ImGui::Separator();
+        if (hwnd_current == 0) {
+            ImGui::TextColored(ImVec4(1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f),
+                    "Please select a window first...");
+        } else {
+
+            // window information
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Information")) {
+                static struct {
+                    const char *desc;
+                    int index;
+                } INFORMATION [] {
+                        { .desc = "GWL_EXSTYLE", .index = GWL_EXSTYLE },
+                        { .desc = "GWLP_HINSTANCE", .index = -6 },
+                        { .desc = "GWLP_HWNDPARENT", .index = -8 },
+                        { .desc = "GWLP_ID", .index = GWL_ID },
+                        { .desc = "GWL_STYLE", .index = GWL_STYLE },
+                        { .desc = "GWLP_USERDATA", .index = -21 },
+                        { .desc = "GWLP_WNDPROC", .index = -4 },
+                };
+
+                // columns header
+                ImGui::Columns(2);
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("Index"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+                ImGui::TextUnformatted("Value"); ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+                // add information
+                ImGui::Separator();
+                for (auto &entry : INFORMATION) {
+
+                    // index
+                    ImGui::TextUnformatted(entry.desc);
+                    ImGui::NextColumn();
+
+                    // value
+                    ImGui::Text("%p", (void*) GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd_current, entry.index));
+                    ImGui::NextColumn();
+                }
+
+                // end columns
+                ImGui::Columns();
+            }
+
+            // size information
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Sizes")) {
+
+                // window rect
+                RECT hwnd_rect {};
+                if (GetWindowRect(hwnd_current, &hwnd_rect)) {
+                    ImGui::Text("Window Rect: %ld %ld %ld %ld - %ld %ld",
+                            hwnd_rect.left, hwnd_rect.top, hwnd_rect.right, hwnd_rect.bottom,
+                            hwnd_rect.right - hwnd_rect.left, hwnd_rect.bottom - hwnd_rect.top);
+
+                    // client rect
+                    RECT client_rect {};
+                    if (GetClientRect(hwnd_current, &client_rect)) {
+                        ImGui::Text("Client Rect: %ld %ld %ld %ld - %ld %ld",
+                                    client_rect.left, client_rect.top, client_rect.right, client_rect.bottom,
+                                    client_rect.right - client_rect.left, client_rect.bottom - client_rect.top);
+                        ImGui::Text("Decoration Size: %ld %ld",
+                                    (hwnd_rect.right - hwnd_rect.left) - (client_rect.right - client_rect.left),
+                                    (hwnd_rect.bottom - hwnd_rect.top) - (client_rect.bottom - client_rect.top));
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // position information
+            ImGui::SetNextItemOpen(true, ImGuiCond_Once);
+            if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Positions")) {
+
+                // window position
+                RECT hwnd_rect {};
+                if (GetWindowRect(hwnd_current, &hwnd_rect)) {
+                    ImGui::Text("Window Position: %ld %ld",
+                                hwnd_rect.left, hwnd_rect.top);
+                }
+
+                // cursor position
+                POINT cursor_pos;
+                if (GetCursorPos(&cursor_pos)) {
+                    ImGui::Text("Cursor Position: %ld %ld",
+                            cursor_pos.x, cursor_pos.y);
+                    if (ScreenToClient(hwnd_current, &cursor_pos)) {
+                        ImGui::Text("Cursor Client Position: %ld %ld",
+                                cursor_pos.x, cursor_pos.y);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/overlay/windows/wnd_manager.h b/overlay/windows/wnd_manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7278f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/overlay/windows/wnd_manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "overlay/window.h"
+
+namespace overlay::windows {
+
+    class WndManagerWindow : public Window {
+    public:
+
+        WndManagerWindow(SpiceOverlay *overlay);
+        ~WndManagerWindow() override;
+
+        void build_content() override;
+
+    private:
+
+        int window_current = -1;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/device.h b/rawinput/device.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63f220a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/device.h
@@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+extern "C" {
+#include <hidusage.h>
+#include <hidsdi.h>
+}
+
+#include "util/unique_plain_ptr.h"
+
+#include "sextet.h"
+#include "smxstage.h"
+
+namespace rawinput {
+
+    enum DeviceType {
+        DESTROYED,
+        UNKNOWN,
+        MOUSE,
+        KEYBOARD,
+        HID,
+        MIDI,
+        SEXTET_OUTPUT,
+        PIUIO_DEVICE,
+        SMX_STAGE,
+    };
+
+    enum MouseKeys {
+        MOUSEBTN_LEFT = 0,
+        MOUSEBTN_RIGHT = 1,
+        MOUSEBTN_MIDDLE = 2,
+        MOUSEBTN_1 = 3,
+        MOUSEBTN_2 = 4,
+        MOUSEBTN_3 = 5,
+        MOUSEBTN_4 = 6,
+        MOUSEBTN_5 = 7,
+    };
+
+    enum MousePos {
+        MOUSEPOS_X = 0,
+        MOUSEPOS_Y = 1,
+        MOUSEPOS_WHEEL = 2,
+    };
+
+    struct DeviceInfo {
+        std::string devclass;
+        std::string subclass;
+        std::string protocol;
+        std::string guid_str;
+        GUID guid;
+    };
+
+    struct DeviceMouseInfo {
+        bool key_states[16];
+        bool key_states_bind[16];
+        double key_up[16];
+        double key_down[16];
+        long pos_x, pos_y;
+        long pos_wheel;
+    };
+
+    struct DeviceKeyboardInfo {
+        bool key_states[1024];
+        double key_up[1024];
+        double key_down[1024];
+    };
+
+    enum class HIDDriver {
+        Default,
+        PacDrive,
+    };
+
+    struct HIDTouchPoint {
+        DWORD id;
+        bool down;
+        float x, y;
+        size_t ttl;
+        uint64_t last_report; // unix time in ms
+    };
+
+    struct HIDTouchScreenData {
+        bool valid = false;
+        bool parsed_elements = false;
+        size_t remaining_contact_count = 0;
+        std::vector<int> elements_contact_count;
+        std::vector<int> elements_contact_identifier;
+        std::vector<int> elements_x;
+        std::vector<int> elements_y;
+        std::vector<int> elements_width;
+        std::vector<int> elements_height;
+        std::vector<int> elements_pressed;
+        std::vector<int> elements_pressure;
+        std::vector<HIDTouchPoint> touch_points;
+    };
+
+    struct DeviceHIDInfo {
+        HANDLE handle;
+        _HIDP_CAPS caps;
+        HIDD_ATTRIBUTES attributes;
+        HIDDriver driver = HIDDriver::Default;
+        HIDTouchScreenData touch {};
+
+        std::string usage_name;
+        util::unique_plain_ptr<_HIDP_PREPARSED_DATA> preparsed_data;
+        UINT preparsed_size;
+
+        std::vector<HIDP_BUTTON_CAPS> button_caps_list;
+        std::vector<std::string> button_caps_names;
+        std::vector<HIDP_BUTTON_CAPS> button_output_caps_list;
+        std::vector<std::string> button_output_caps_names;
+        std::vector<HIDP_VALUE_CAPS> value_caps_list;
+        std::vector<std::string> value_caps_names;
+        std::vector<HIDP_VALUE_CAPS> value_output_caps_list;
+        std::vector<std::string> value_output_caps_names;
+        std::vector<std::vector<bool>> button_states;
+        std::vector<std::vector<double>> button_up, button_down;
+        std::vector<std::vector<bool>> button_output_states;
+        std::vector<float> value_states;
+        std::vector<LONG> value_states_raw;
+        std::vector<float> value_output_states;
+
+        // for config binding function
+        std::vector<float> bind_value_states;
+    };
+
+    struct DeviceMIDIInfo {
+        std::vector<bool> states;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> states_events;
+        std::vector<bool> bind_states;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> velocity; // 16*128 x 7 bit resolution
+        bool freeze;
+        std::vector<uint16_t> controls_precision; // 16*32 14 bit resolution
+        std::vector<uint16_t> controls_precision_bind;
+        std::vector<bool> controls_precision_msb;
+        std::vector<bool> controls_precision_lsb;
+        std::vector<bool> controls_precision_set;
+        std::vector<uint8_t> controls_single; // 16*44 7 bit resolution
+        std::vector<uint8_t> controls_single_bind;
+        std::vector<bool> controls_single_set;
+        std::vector<bool> controls_onoff; // 16*6 1 bit resolution :)
+        std::vector<bool> controls_onoff_bind;
+        std::vector<bool> controls_onoff_set;
+        uint16_t pitch_bend; // 14 bit resolution
+    };
+
+    class PIUIO;
+
+    struct Device {
+        size_t id;
+        std::string name;
+        std::string desc;
+        HANDLE handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        DeviceType type = UNKNOWN;
+        DeviceInfo info;
+        std::mutex *mutex;
+        std::mutex *mutex_out;
+        bool updated = true;
+        bool output_pending = true;
+        bool output_enabled = false;
+        DeviceMouseInfo *mouseInfo = nullptr;
+        DeviceKeyboardInfo *keyboardInfo = nullptr;
+        DeviceHIDInfo *hidInfo = nullptr;
+        DeviceMIDIInfo *midiInfo = nullptr;
+        SextetDevice *sextetInfo = nullptr;
+        PIUIO* piuioDev = nullptr;
+        SmxStageDevice *smxstageInfo = nullptr;
+        double input_time = 0.0;
+        double input_hz = 0.f;
+        double input_hz_max = 0.f;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/hotplug.cpp b/rawinput/hotplug.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..198faaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/hotplug.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+#include <initguid.h>
+
+#include "hotplug.h"
+
+#include <dbt.h>
+#include <devguid.h>
+
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "rawinput.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace rawinput {
+
+    DEFINE_GUID(GUID_HID, 0x4D1E55B2L, 0xF16F, 0x11CF, 0x88, 0xCB, 0x00, 0x11, 0x11, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30);
+
+    HotplugManager::HotplugManager(RawInputManager *ri_mgr, HWND hWnd) : ri_mgr(ri_mgr) {
+
+        // init settings
+        DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE settings_hid {
+                .dbcc_size = sizeof(DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE),
+                .dbcc_devicetype = DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE,
+                .dbcc_reserved = 0,
+                .dbcc_classguid = GUID_HID,
+                .dbcc_name = {0},
+        };
+
+        // register notifications
+        this->hotplug_hid = RegisterDeviceNotification(hWnd, &settings_hid, DEVICE_NOTIFY_WINDOW_HANDLE);
+        if (this->hotplug_hid == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("hotplug", "failed to register HID notifications: {}", GetLastError());
+        }
+    }
+
+    HotplugManager::~HotplugManager() {
+
+        // unregister notifications
+        if (this->hotplug_hid != nullptr) {
+            UnregisterDeviceNotification(this->hotplug_hid);
+        }
+    }
+
+    LRESULT CALLBACK HotplugManager::WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+
+        // check for device change
+        if (msg == WM_DEVICECHANGE) {
+
+            // check type
+            switch (wParam) {
+                case DBT_DEVICEARRIVAL: {
+
+                    // check arrived device type
+                    auto hdr = (DEV_BROADCAST_HDR*) lParam;
+                    switch (hdr->dbch_devicetype) {
+                        case DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE: {
+                            auto dev = (const DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE *) hdr;
+                            this->ri_mgr->devices_scan_midi();
+
+                            // check if class is not HID
+                            if (memcmp(&dev->dbcc_classguid, &GUID_HID, sizeof(GUID_HID)) != 0)
+                                break;
+
+                            // hotplug
+                            std::string name(dev->dbcc_name);
+                            this->ri_mgr->devices_scan_rawinput(name);
+                            this->ri_mgr->devices_register();
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        case DBT_DEVTYP_VOLUME: {
+                            auto dev = (const DEV_BROADCAST_VOLUME *) hdr;
+                            auto unitmask = dev->dbcv_unitmask;
+
+                            // check drive
+                            unsigned long bit;
+                            while (_BitScanForward(&bit, unitmask)) {
+
+                                // remove drive from unitmask so it is not scanned again
+                                unitmask &= ~(1 << bit);
+
+                                // convert bit to drive letter char
+                                char drive = 'A' + bit;
+                                log_info("hotplug", "detected volume arrival: {}", drive);
+
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_SPICECFG_STANDALONE
+                                // auto insert cards
+                                for (int player = 0; player <= 1; player++) {
+                                    std::string path = to_string(drive) + ":\\card" + to_string(player) + ".txt";
+                                    if (fileutils::file_exists(path)) {
+                                        uint8_t card_data[8];
+                                        if (eamuse_get_card_from_file(path, card_data, player)) {
+                                            eamuse_card_insert(player, card_data);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+#endif
+                            }
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // success
+                    return TRUE;
+                }
+                case DBT_DEVICEREMOVECOMPLETE: {
+
+                    // check arrived device type
+                    auto hdr = (DEV_BROADCAST_HDR*) lParam;
+                    switch (hdr->dbch_devicetype) {
+                        case DBT_DEVTYP_DEVICEINTERFACE: {
+                            auto dev = (DEV_BROADCAST_DEVICEINTERFACE*) hdr;
+                            std::string name(dev->dbcc_name);
+
+                            // destruct device
+                            this->ri_mgr->devices_remove(name);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // success
+                    return TRUE;
+                }
+                case 7: { // windows 10 reports this for MIDI?
+                    this->ri_mgr->devices_scan_midi();
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // default
+        return DefWindowProc(hwnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/hotplug.h b/rawinput/hotplug.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60e75e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/hotplug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace rawinput {
+
+    class RawInputManager;
+
+    class HotplugManager {
+    private:
+        RawInputManager *ri_mgr;
+        HANDLE hotplug_hid;
+
+    public:
+        HotplugManager(RawInputManager *ri_mgr, HWND hwnd);
+        ~HotplugManager();
+
+        LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/piuio.cpp b/rawinput/piuio.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..55949dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/piuio.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,394 @@
+#include "piuio.h"
+#include <iostream>
+#include <thread>
+
+using namespace std;
+
+// it's 2019 and I'm writing code to avoid issues with Windows XP.
+static HINSTANCE WINUSB_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+static std::string WINUSB_NAME = "winusb.dll";
+
+static std::string WinUsb_InitializeStr = "WinUsb_Initialize";
+typedef BOOL(__stdcall * WinUsb_Initialize_t)(
+    _In_  HANDLE DeviceHandle,
+    _Out_ PWINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE InterfaceHandle
+);
+
+static std::string WinUsb_ControlTransferStr = "WinUsb_ControlTransfer";
+typedef BOOL(__stdcall * WinUsb_ControlTransfer_t)(
+    _In_  WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE InterfaceHandle,
+    _In_  WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET SetupPacket,
+    _Out_writes_bytes_to_opt_(BufferLength, *LengthTransferred) PUCHAR Buffer,
+    _In_  ULONG BufferLength,
+    _Out_opt_ PULONG LengthTransferred,
+    _In_opt_  LPOVERLAPPED Overlapped
+);
+
+static WinUsb_ControlTransfer_t pWinUsb_ControlTransfer = nullptr;
+static WinUsb_Initialize_t pWinUsb_Initialize = nullptr;
+
+const string rawinput::PIUIO::LIGHT_NAMES[rawinput::PIUIO::PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_LIGHTS] = {
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "P2 Up",
+    "P2 Down",
+    "P2 Left",
+    "P2 Right",
+    "P2 Center",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Neon",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "P1 Up",
+    "P1 Down",
+    "P1 Left",
+    "P1 Right",
+    "P1 Center",
+    "Marquee Upper Left",
+    "Marquee Lower Right",
+    "Marquee Lower Left",
+    "Marquee Upper Right",
+    "USB Enable",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown",
+    "Unknown"
+};
+
+rawinput::PIUIO::PIUIO(Device *device) {
+    this->device = device;
+    button_state = 0;
+    light_data = 0;
+    current_sensor = 0;
+    prev_timeout = 0;
+}
+
+bool rawinput::PIUIO::LoadWinUSBFunctions() {
+    static bool functions_loaded = false;
+
+    if (functions_loaded)
+        return true;
+
+    // see if we even have winusb available.
+    WINUSB_INSTANCE = libutils::try_library(WINUSB_NAME);
+    
+    // if windows didn't load it just now, then it's not on the system.
+    if (WINUSB_INSTANCE != nullptr) {
+
+        // load winusb functions
+        pWinUsb_Initialize = (WinUsb_Initialize_t) libutils::get_proc(
+                WINUSB_INSTANCE, WinUsb_InitializeStr.c_str());
+        pWinUsb_ControlTransfer = (WinUsb_ControlTransfer_t) libutils::get_proc(
+                WINUSB_INSTANCE, WinUsb_ControlTransferStr.c_str());
+
+        // make sure they actually loaded.
+        if(pWinUsb_Initialize != nullptr && pWinUsb_ControlTransfer!= nullptr)
+            functions_loaded = true;
+    } else {
+        log_warning("piuio", "Could not load \'{}\', skipping...", WINUSB_NAME);
+    }
+
+    return functions_loaded;
+}
+
+PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA rawinput::PIUIO::GetDevicePath() {
+
+    // modified from https://forum.vellemanprojects.eu/t/k8090-how-to-identify-which-com-port-it-is-connected-to/3810
+    // https://www.velleman.eu/images/tmp/usbfind.c
+
+    HDEVINFO                         hDevInfo;
+    SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA         DevIntfData;
+    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA DevIntfDetailData;
+    SP_DEVINFO_DATA                  DevData;
+
+    DWORD dwSize, dwMemberIdx;
+
+    hDevInfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(&GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE, NULL, 0, DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE | DIGCF_PRESENT);
+
+    if (hDevInfo != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+        DevIntfData.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
+        dwMemberIdx = 0;
+
+        SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(hDevInfo, NULL, &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE,
+            dwMemberIdx, &DevIntfData);
+
+        while (GetLastError() != ERROR_NO_MORE_ITEMS) {
+            DevData.cbSize = sizeof(DevData);
+
+            SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(
+                hDevInfo, &DevIntfData, NULL, 0, &dwSize, NULL);
+
+            DevIntfDetailData = (PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA)HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), HEAP_ZERO_MEMORY, dwSize);
+            DevIntfDetailData->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA);
+
+            if (SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(hDevInfo, &DevIntfData,
+                DevIntfDetailData, dwSize, &dwSize, &DevData)) {
+                if (strstr(DevIntfDetailData->DevicePath, VENDOR_PROD_ID) != 0) {
+                    return DevIntfDetailData;
+                }
+            }
+
+            HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, DevIntfDetailData);
+
+            // continue looping
+            SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(
+                hDevInfo, NULL, &GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE, ++dwMemberIdx, &DevIntfData);
+        }
+
+        SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(hDevInfo);
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool rawinput::PIUIO::IsPressed(int iKey) {
+    if (iKey < PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_INPUTS) {
+
+        // logic high is pressed, logic low is released.
+        return button_state & (1 << iKey);
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool rawinput::PIUIO::WasPressed(int iKey) {
+    if (iKey < PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_INPUTS)
+        return prev_button_state & (1 << iKey);
+    return false;
+}
+
+void rawinput::PIUIO::SetUSBPortState(bool bState) {
+    SetLight(USB_ENABLE_BIT, bState);
+}
+
+void rawinput::PIUIO::SetLight(int iLight, bool bState) {
+    if (iLight < PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_LIGHTS) {
+
+        // turn on a light by setting the bit, turn it off by clearing it.
+        if (bState)
+            light_data |= 1 << iLight;
+        else
+            light_data &= ~(1 << iLight);
+    }
+}
+
+bool rawinput::PIUIO::Open() {
+
+    // ensure the libs are loaded
+    // if we can't load them, then we shouldn't exist.
+    if (!LoadWinUSBFunctions())
+        return false;
+
+    bool bResult = false;
+    PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA dev_detail;
+
+    dev_detail = GetDevicePath();
+
+    if (dev_detail == 0) {
+        HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, dev_detail);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    device_handle = CreateFile(dev_detail->DevicePath,
+        GENERIC_WRITE | GENERIC_READ,
+        FILE_SHARE_WRITE | FILE_SHARE_READ,
+        NULL,
+        OPEN_EXISTING,
+        FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
+        NULL
+    );
+
+    // no longer need dev_detail
+    HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, dev_detail);
+
+    if (device_handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        return false;
+
+    if (pWinUsb_Initialize != nullptr)
+        bResult = pWinUsb_Initialize(device_handle, &win_usb_handle);
+
+    if (!bResult) {
+        CloseHandle(device_handle);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return bResult;
+}
+
+uint32_t rawinput::PIUIO::Read() {
+
+    WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET SetupPacket;
+    ZeroMemory(&SetupPacket, sizeof(WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET));
+    ULONG cbSent = 0;
+    bool bResult = false;
+
+    // create the setup packet
+    SetupPacket.RequestType = 0x40 | 0x80; // EndPoint In, RequestType Vendor
+    SetupPacket.Request = PIUIO_CTL_REQ;
+    SetupPacket.Value = 0;
+    SetupPacket.Index = 0;
+    SetupPacket.Length = PACKET_SIZE_BYTES;
+
+    // ensure we loaded the pointer
+    unsigned char buffer[PACKET_SIZE_BYTES] {};
+    if (pWinUsb_ControlTransfer != nullptr)
+        bResult = pWinUsb_ControlTransfer(win_usb_handle, SetupPacket, buffer, PACKET_SIZE_BYTES, &cbSent, 0);
+
+    if (!bResult)
+        log_warning("piuio", "read error");
+
+    return Deserialize(buffer);
+}
+
+bool rawinput::PIUIO::Write(uint32_t p_Data) {
+
+    WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET SetupPacket;
+    ZeroMemory(&SetupPacket, sizeof(WINUSB_SETUP_PACKET));
+    ULONG cbSent = 0;
+    bool bResult = false;
+
+    // create the setup packet
+    SetupPacket.RequestType = 0x40; //EndPoint Out, RequestType Vendor
+    SetupPacket.Request = PIUIO_CTL_REQ;
+    SetupPacket.Value = 0;
+    SetupPacket.Index = 0;
+    SetupPacket.Length = PACKET_SIZE_BYTES;
+
+    // ensure we loaded the pointer
+    if (pWinUsb_ControlTransfer != nullptr) {
+        bResult = pWinUsb_ControlTransfer(
+                win_usb_handle,
+                SetupPacket,
+                Serialize(light_data),
+                PACKET_SIZE_BYTES,
+                &cbSent,
+                0
+        );
+    }
+
+    if (!bResult)
+        log_warning("piuio", "write error");
+
+    return bResult;
+}
+
+unsigned char * rawinput::PIUIO::Serialize(uint32_t p_Data) {
+    static unsigned char buffer[PACKET_SIZE_BYTES];
+
+    buffer[0] = p_Data;
+    buffer[1] = p_Data >> 8;
+    buffer[2] = p_Data >> 16;
+    buffer[3] = p_Data >> 24;
+
+    // these bits don't matter for the piuio
+    buffer[4] = 0xFF;
+    buffer[5] = 0xFF;
+    buffer[6] = 0xFF;
+    buffer[7] = 0xFF;
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+uint32_t rawinput::PIUIO::Deserialize(unsigned char * p_Data) {
+    uint32_t result;
+
+    result = p_Data[0];
+    result |= p_Data[1] << 8;
+    result |= p_Data[2] << 16;
+    result |= p_Data[3] << 24;
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+void rawinput::PIUIO::IOThread() {
+    while (is_connected)
+        UpdateSingleButtonState();
+}
+
+void rawinput::PIUIO::UpdateSingleButtonState() {
+
+    // write a set of sensors to request
+    light_data &= 0xFFFCFFFC;
+    light_data |= (current_sensor | (current_sensor << 16));
+
+    // request this set of sensors
+    // this also updates the light status
+    this->Write(light_data);
+
+    // read from this set of sensors
+    input_data[current_sensor] = this->Read();
+
+    // piuio opens high; invert the input
+    input_data[current_sensor] = ~input_data[current_sensor];
+
+    // update high values ASAP, that's when the button is pressed.
+    // see: https://github.com/djpohly/piuio#usb-protocol-and-multiplexer
+    auto button_state_new = button_state | input_data[current_sensor];
+    if (button_state != button_state_new) {
+        this->device->mutex->lock();
+        button_state |= button_state_new;
+        this->device->updated = true;
+        this->device->mutex->unlock();
+    }
+
+    if (current_sensor >= SENSOR_NUM - 1) {
+        uint32_t temp_btn_state = 0;
+
+        // we have done a full sensor arrangement, let's see if the panel has been pulled away from.
+        // combine all the input.
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i)
+            temp_btn_state |= input_data[i];
+        
+        // only store every 255th previous value since we are polling very quickly.
+        // only used by spicecfg to see if a user pressed a button, so not very important.
+        // unsigned ints rollover
+        prev_timeout++;
+        if (prev_timeout == 0)
+            prev_button_state = button_state;
+
+        if (button_state != temp_btn_state) {
+            this->device->mutex->lock();
+            button_state = temp_btn_state;
+            this->device->updated = true;
+            this->device->mutex->unlock();
+        }
+        current_sensor = 0;
+    } else {
+        current_sensor++;
+    }
+}
+
+bool rawinput::PIUIO::Init() {
+    is_connected = Open();
+
+    if (is_connected) {
+
+        // force the USB lines to be always on.
+        SetUSBPortState(true);
+
+        IOThreadObject = new std::thread(&rawinput::PIUIO::IOThread, this);
+    }
+
+    return is_connected;
+}
+
+bool rawinput::PIUIO::Stop() {
+    is_connected = false;
+
+    if (IOThreadObject != NULL) {
+        IOThreadObject->join();
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+rawinput::PIUIO::~PIUIO() {
+    Stop();
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/piuio.h b/rawinput/piuio.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5610bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/piuio.h
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <winusb.h>
+#include <setupapi.h>
+#include <string>
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "device.h"
+
+// This is the GUID for the USB device class
+DEFINE_GUID(GUID_DEVINTERFACE_USB_DEVICE, 0xA5DCBF10L, 0x6530, 0x11D2, 0x90, 0x1F, 0x00, 0xC0, 0x4F, 0xB9, 0x51, 0xED);
+
+#pragma comment (lib, "setupapi.lib")
+#pragma comment (lib , "winusb.lib" )
+
+namespace rawinput {
+
+    class PIUIO
+    {
+    public:
+
+        static const size_t PACKET_SIZE_BYTES = 8;
+        static const size_t SENSOR_NUM = 4;
+        static const size_t USB_ENABLE_BIT = 27;
+        static const UCHAR PIUIO_CTL_REQ = 0xAE;
+        const char *VENDOR_PROD_ID = "vid_0547&pid_1002";
+
+        const static std::string LIGHT_NAMES[];
+        static const int PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_LIGHTS = 32;
+        static const int PIUIO_MAX_NUM_OF_INPUTS = 32;
+
+        bool is_connected;
+        Device *device;
+
+        bool IsPressed(int iKey);
+        bool WasPressed(int iKey);
+        void SetLight(int iLight, bool bState);
+
+        PIUIO(Device* device);
+        virtual ~PIUIO();
+
+        bool Init();
+        bool Stop();
+
+        void UpdateSingleButtonState();
+
+        void SetUSBPortState(bool bState);
+
+    private:
+        bool LoadWinUSBFunctions();
+
+        uint32_t light_data;
+        uint32_t input_data[SENSOR_NUM];
+        uint8_t current_sensor;
+        uint32_t button_state, prev_button_state;
+
+        uint8_t prev_timeout;
+
+        LPCWSTR device_path;
+        WINUSB_INTERFACE_HANDLE win_usb_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+        HANDLE device_handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+
+        bool Open();
+        PSP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA GetDevicePath();
+
+        void IOThread();
+
+        uint32_t Read();
+        bool Write(uint32_t p_Data);
+
+        unsigned char * Serialize(uint32_t p_Data);
+        uint32_t Deserialize(unsigned char * p_Data);
+
+        std::thread* IOThreadObject;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/rawinput.cpp b/rawinput/rawinput.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cd3da0f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/rawinput.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,2680 @@
+#include "rawinput.h"
+
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <objbase.h>
+#include <setupapi.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "piuio.h"
+#include "touch.h"
+
+extern "C" {
+#include "external/usbhidusage/usb-hid-usage.h"
+}
+
+namespace rawinput {
+
+    // settings
+    bool NOLEGACY = false;
+    uint8_t HID_LIGHT_BRIGHTNESS = 100; // 100%
+    bool ENABLE_SMX_STAGE = false;
+    int TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_X = 0;
+    int TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_Y = 0;
+}
+
+rawinput::RawInputManager::RawInputManager() {
+
+    // create input window and load in devices
+    this->input_hwnd_create();
+    this->devices_reload();
+
+    // start flushing thread
+    this->output_start();
+    this->flush_start();
+
+    // now create the hotplug manager on that window
+    this->hotplug = new HotplugManager(this, this->input_hwnd);
+}
+
+rawinput::RawInputManager::~RawInputManager() {
+    this->stop();
+
+    log_info("rawinput", "destructor done");
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::stop() {
+    if (this->hotplug) {
+
+        // remove hotplug
+        delete this->hotplug;
+        this->hotplug = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // unregister device messages
+    this->devices_unregister();
+
+    // stop threads
+    this->flush_stop();
+    this->output_stop();
+
+    // destruct all devices and input window
+    this->devices_destruct();
+    this->input_hwnd_destroy();
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::input_hwnd_create() {
+
+    // register window class
+    this->input_hwnd_class.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
+    this->input_hwnd_class.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(nullptr);
+    this->input_hwnd_class.lpfnWndProc = rawinput::RawInputManager::input_wnd_proc;
+    this->input_hwnd_class.lpszClassName = "SpiceTools Input";
+    if (!RegisterClassEx(&this->input_hwnd_class)) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "could not register input class");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // create input thread
+    this->input_thread = new std::thread([this]() {
+
+        // increase priority
+        SetThreadPriority(GetCurrentThread(), THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL);
+
+        // create window
+        this->input_hwnd = CreateWindowExA(
+                0,
+                this->input_hwnd_class.lpszClassName,
+                "SpiceTools Input",
+                0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
+                nullptr,
+                nullptr,
+                this->input_hwnd_class.hInstance,
+                this
+        );
+
+        // window loop
+        MSG msg;
+        while (GetMessage(&msg, this->input_hwnd, 0, 0) > 0) {
+            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+        }
+
+        DestroyWindow(this->input_hwnd);
+        this->input_hwnd = nullptr;
+    });
+
+    // wait for window creation being done
+    while (!this->input_hwnd) {
+        Sleep(1);
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::input_hwnd_destroy() {
+    if (this->input_hwnd) {
+
+        // post close and join
+        PostMessage(this->input_hwnd, WM_CLOSE, 0, 0);
+    }
+
+    if (this->input_thread) {
+        this->input_thread->join();
+
+        // delete thread
+        delete this->input_thread;
+        this->input_thread = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // unregister the window class
+    UnregisterClass(this->input_hwnd_class.lpszClassName, this->input_hwnd_class.hInstance);
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_reload() {
+    this->devices_destruct();
+    log_info("rawinput", "reloading devices");
+
+    // scan for devices
+    this->devices_scan_rawinput();
+    this->devices_scan_midi();
+    this->devices_scan_piuio();
+
+    if(ENABLE_SMX_STAGE) {
+        this->devices_scan_smxstage();
+    }
+
+    // check for LIT Board
+    sextet_register("COM54", "LIT Board", false);
+
+    // register devices
+    this->devices_register();
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_rawinput(const std::string &device_name) {
+
+    // get number of devices
+    UINT device_no = 0;
+    if (GetRawInputDeviceList(nullptr, &device_no, sizeof(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST)) == (UINT)-1) {
+        return;
+    }
+    if (!device_no) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // get device list
+    std::shared_ptr<RAWINPUTDEVICELIST> device_list(new RAWINPUTDEVICELIST[device_no]);
+    GetRawInputDeviceList(device_list.get(), &device_no, sizeof(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST));
+    if (!device_no) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // iterate devices
+    for (UINT device_cur_index = 0; device_cur_index < device_no; device_cur_index++) {
+        auto device = &device_list.get()[device_cur_index];
+        if (device_name.length() == 0) {
+            devices_scan_rawinput(device, false);
+        } else if (device_name == rawinput::RawInputManager::rawinput_get_device_name(device->hDevice)) {
+            log_info("rawinput", "scanning device: {}", device_name);
+            devices_scan_rawinput(device, true);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_rawinput(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST *device, bool log) {
+
+    // get device name
+    std::string device_name = rawinput_get_device_name(device->hDevice);
+
+    // extract information out of name
+    auto device_info = rawinput::RawInputManager::get_device_info(device_name);
+    auto device_description = rawinput::RawInputManager::rawinput_get_device_description(device_info, device_name);
+
+    // get device information
+    RID_DEVICE_INFO rawinput_device_info {};
+    rawinput_device_info.cbSize = sizeof(RID_DEVICE_INFO);
+    UINT device_info_size = rawinput_device_info.cbSize;
+    if (GetRawInputDeviceInfo(device->hDevice, RIDI_DEVICEINFO, &rawinput_device_info, &device_info_size) == (UINT) -1) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // check for duplicate handle
+    size_t unique_id = devices.size() + 1;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < this->devices.size(); i++) {
+        if (this->devices[i].name == device_name) {
+            unique_id = i;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // build device
+    Device new_device {};
+    new_device.id = unique_id;
+    new_device.handle = device->hDevice;
+    new_device.name = device_name;
+    new_device.desc = device_description;
+    new_device.info = device_info;
+    new_device.mutex = new std::mutex();
+    new_device.mutex_out = new std::mutex();
+    new_device.input_time = get_performance_seconds();
+    switch (device->dwType) {
+        case RIM_TYPEMOUSE:
+            new_device.type = MOUSE;
+            new_device.mouseInfo = new DeviceMouseInfo();
+            break;
+        case RIM_TYPEKEYBOARD:
+            new_device.type = KEYBOARD;
+            new_device.keyboardInfo = new DeviceKeyboardInfo();
+            break;
+        case RIM_TYPEHID: {
+            new_device.type = HID;
+            HIDDriver hid_driver = HIDDriver::Default;
+            HIDD_ATTRIBUTES hid_attributes {};
+
+            // get preparsed information
+            UINT preparsed_size = 0;
+            if (GetRawInputDeviceInfo(
+                    device->hDevice,
+                    RIDI_PREPARSEDDATA,
+                    nullptr,
+                    &preparsed_size) == (UINT) -1)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+            if (!preparsed_size) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // allocate buffer
+            auto preparsed_data = util::make_unique_plain<_HIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(preparsed_size);
+
+            if (GetRawInputDeviceInfo(
+                    device->hDevice,
+                    RIDI_PREPARSEDDATA,
+                    preparsed_data.get(),
+                    &preparsed_size) == (UINT) -1)
+            {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // get caps
+            _HIDP_CAPS caps {};
+            if (HidP_GetCaps(preparsed_data.get(), &caps) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // skip vendor-specific devices
+            //
+            // In the case of the Corsair Vengeance K70 RGB, the get device manufacturer and product
+            // string functions take 5 seconds each, which really delays the boot when it has three
+            // vendor-specific devices. Luckily, those three vendor-specific devices have the usage page
+            // appropriately set. This took Felix an hour to narrow down.
+            auto hid_vid = rawinput_device_info.hid.dwVendorId;
+            auto hid_pid = rawinput_device_info.hid.dwProductId;
+            if ((caps.UsagePage >> 8) == 0xFF
+            && !(hid_vid == 0xBEEF && hid_pid == 0x5730)) // allow Minimaid
+            {
+                log_misc("rawinput", "skipping vendor-specific device");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // get usage description
+            std::string usage_name;
+            {
+                auto *usage_name_str = usb_hid_get_usage_text(caps.UsagePage, caps.Usage);
+                if (usage_name_str) {
+                    usage_name = usage_name_str;
+                    free(usage_name_str);
+                } else {
+                    usage_name = fmt::format("Unknown (0x{:04x}:0x{:04x})", caps.UsagePage, caps.Usage);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get better device description
+            HANDLE hid_handle = CreateFile(
+                    device_name.c_str(), GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+                    FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
+                    nullptr,
+                    OPEN_EXISTING,
+                    0, nullptr);
+            if (hid_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+
+                // check manufacturer string
+                std::wstring man_ws;
+                wchar_t man_str_buffer[256] {};
+                if (HidD_GetManufacturerString(hid_handle, man_str_buffer, sizeof(man_str_buffer))) {
+                    man_ws = std::wstring(man_str_buffer);
+                }
+
+                // get product string
+                std::wstring prod_ws;
+                wchar_t prod_str_buffer[256] {};
+                if (HidD_GetProductString(hid_handle, prod_str_buffer, sizeof(prod_str_buffer))) {
+                    prod_ws = std::wstring(prod_str_buffer);
+                }
+
+                // For Bluetooth LE HID devices (e.g., newer Xbox controllers) HidD_GetProductString
+                // and HidD_GetManufacturerString will return blank strings.
+                // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/401236/hidd-getproductstring-with-ble-hid-device.html
+                if (man_ws.empty() && prod_ws.empty()) {
+                    prod_ws = s2ws(device_description);
+                }
+
+                // build desc string
+                std::wstring desc_ws;
+                if (string_begins_with(prod_ws, man_ws)) {
+                    desc_ws = prod_ws;
+                } else {
+                    desc_ws = man_ws;
+                    if (!man_ws.empty() && !prod_ws.empty()) {
+                        desc_ws += L" ";
+                    }
+                    desc_ws += prod_ws;
+                }
+
+                // convert to normal string
+                new_device.desc = ws2s(desc_ws);
+
+                // get attributes
+                if (!HidD_GetAttributes(hid_handle, &hid_attributes)) {
+                    log_warning("rawinput", "failed to get HID device attributes for {}", device_name);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get button caps
+            USHORT button_cap_length = caps.NumberInputButtonCaps;
+            std::vector<HIDP_BUTTON_CAPS> button_cap_data(static_cast<size_t>(button_cap_length));
+            if (button_cap_length > 0) {
+                if (HidP_GetButtonCaps(HidP_Input, button_cap_data.data(), &button_cap_length,
+                        preparsed_data.get()) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            std::vector<HIDP_BUTTON_CAPS> button_caps_list;
+            std::vector<std::string> button_caps_names;
+            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> button_states;
+            std::vector<std::vector<double>> button_up, button_down;
+            for (int button_cap_num = 0; button_cap_num < button_cap_length; button_cap_num++) {
+                auto &button_caps = button_cap_data[button_cap_num];
+
+                // fill out range fields so we don't have to care later on
+                if (!button_caps.IsRange) {
+                    button_caps.Range.UsageMin = button_caps.NotRange.Usage;
+                    button_caps.Range.UsageMax = button_caps.NotRange.Usage;
+                    button_caps.Range.DataIndexMin = button_caps.NotRange.DataIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.DataIndexMax = button_caps.NotRange.DataIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.DesignatorMin = button_caps.NotRange.DesignatorIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.DesignatorMax = button_caps.NotRange.DesignatorIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.StringMin = button_caps.NotRange.StringIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.StringMax = button_caps.NotRange.StringIndex;
+                }
+
+                int button_count = button_caps.Range.UsageMax - button_caps.Range.UsageMin + 1;
+
+                // ignore bad ranges reported by bad devices
+                if (button_count >= 0xffff) {
+                    log_warning("rawinput", "skipping bad button cap range for device {}, range [{}, {}]",
+                        device_name,
+                        button_caps.Range.UsageMin,
+                        button_caps.Range.UsageMax);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // fill vectors
+                button_caps_list.emplace_back(button_caps);
+                button_states.emplace_back(std::vector<bool>(static_cast<unsigned int>(button_count), false));
+                button_up.emplace_back(std::vector<double>(static_cast<unsigned int>(button_count), 0.0));
+                button_down.emplace_back(std::vector<double>(static_cast<unsigned int>(button_count), 0.0));
+
+                // names
+                for (USAGE usg = button_caps.Range.UsageMin; usg <= button_caps.Range.UsageMax; usg++) {
+                    const char *name = usb_hid_get_usage_text(button_caps.UsagePage, usg);
+                    button_caps_names.emplace_back(name ? name : "Button Control");
+                    free((void *) name);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get button output caps
+            USHORT button_output_cap_length = caps.NumberOutputButtonCaps;
+            std::vector<HIDP_BUTTON_CAPS> button_output_cap_data(static_cast<size_t>(button_output_cap_length));
+            if (button_output_cap_length > 0) {
+                if (HidP_GetButtonCaps(HidP_Output, button_output_cap_data.data(), &button_output_cap_length,
+                         preparsed_data.get()) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+                {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            std::vector<HIDP_BUTTON_CAPS> button_output_caps_list;
+            std::vector<std::string> button_output_caps_names;
+            std::vector<std::vector<bool>> button_output_states;
+            for (int button_cap_num = 0; button_cap_num < button_output_cap_length; button_cap_num++) {
+                auto &button_caps = button_output_cap_data[button_cap_num];
+
+                // fill out range fields so we don't have to care later on
+                if (!button_caps.IsRange) {
+                    button_caps.Range.UsageMin = button_caps.NotRange.Usage;
+                    button_caps.Range.UsageMax = button_caps.NotRange.Usage;
+                    button_caps.Range.DataIndexMin = button_caps.NotRange.DataIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.DataIndexMax = button_caps.NotRange.DataIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.DesignatorMin = button_caps.NotRange.DesignatorIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.DesignatorMax = button_caps.NotRange.DesignatorIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.StringMin = button_caps.NotRange.StringIndex;
+                    button_caps.Range.StringMax = button_caps.NotRange.StringIndex;
+                }
+
+                int button_count = button_caps.Range.UsageMax - button_caps.Range.UsageMin + 1;
+
+                // ignore bad ranges reported by bad devices
+                if (button_count >= 0xffff) {
+                    log_warning("rawinput", "skipping bad button output cap range for device {}, range [{}, {}]",
+                        device_name,
+                        button_caps.Range.UsageMin,
+                        button_caps.Range.UsageMax);
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // fill vectors
+                button_output_caps_list.emplace_back(button_caps);
+                button_output_states.emplace_back(std::vector<bool>(button_count, false));
+
+                // names
+                for (USAGE usg = button_caps.Range.UsageMin; usg <= button_caps.Range.UsageMax; usg++) {
+
+                    // check for custom name
+                    wchar_t custom_name[256]{};
+                    bool custom_name_set = false;
+                    if (hid_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+
+                        // get string index
+                        ULONG string_index = 0;
+                        if (button_caps.IsStringRange && button_caps.Range.StringMin != 0) {
+                            string_index = button_caps.Range.StringMin + static_cast<ULONG>(button_output_caps_list.size()) - 1;
+                        }
+                        else if (!button_caps.IsStringRange && button_caps.NotRange.StringIndex != 0) {
+                            string_index = button_caps.NotRange.StringIndex;
+                        }
+
+                        // lookup string
+                        if (string_index > 0 && HidD_GetIndexedString(
+                            hid_handle,
+                            string_index,
+                            reinterpret_cast<void*>(custom_name),
+                            sizeof(custom_name)))
+                        {
+                            custom_name_set = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // check if custom name is set
+                    if (custom_name_set) {
+
+                        // use custom name
+                        button_output_caps_names.push_back(ws2s(std::wstring(custom_name)));
+
+                    } else {
+
+                        // lookup generic name
+                        const char* name = usb_hid_get_usage_text(button_caps.UsagePage, usg);
+                        button_output_caps_names.emplace_back(name ? name : "Button Control");
+                        free((void*)name);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * PacDrive LED driver board ("Ultimarc LED Controller")
+             * It's HID descriptor is trash so we need to fix that
+             */
+            if (hid_attributes.VendorID == 0xD209 && (hid_attributes.ProductID & 0xFFF8) == 0x1500) {
+                hid_driver = HIDDriver::PacDrive;
+
+                // clear
+                button_output_caps_list.clear();
+                button_output_caps_names.clear();
+                button_output_states.clear();
+
+                // fake the output LEDs
+                for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
+
+                    // create generic indicator caps
+                    HIDP_BUTTON_CAPS fakeCaps {};
+                    fakeCaps.Range.UsageMin = 0x4B;
+                    fakeCaps.Range.UsageMax = 0x4B;
+
+                    // add content to lists
+                    button_output_caps_list.push_back(fakeCaps);
+                    button_output_caps_names.push_back("LED " + to_string(i + 1));
+                    button_output_states.emplace_back(std::vector<bool>(1, false));
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get value caps
+            USHORT value_cap_length = caps.NumberInputValueCaps;
+            std::vector<HIDP_VALUE_CAPS> value_cap_data(value_cap_length);
+            if (value_cap_length > 0) {
+                if (HidP_GetValueCaps(HidP_Input, value_cap_data.data(), &value_cap_length,
+                        preparsed_data.get()) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            std::vector<HIDP_VALUE_CAPS> value_caps_list;
+            std::vector<std::string> value_caps_names;
+            std::vector<float> value_states(value_cap_length, 0.5f);
+            std::vector<LONG> value_states_raw(value_cap_length, 0);
+            std::vector<float> bind_value_states(value_cap_length, 0.5f);
+            
+            // erratum for incorrect min/max reported by DJ DAO IIDX controller in HID-light mode
+            // (2012 version with updateable firmware)
+            bool is_dao_iidx =
+                (hid_attributes.VendorID == 0x1CCF &&
+                hid_attributes.ProductID == 0x8048 &&
+                new_device.desc == "MY-POWER CO.,LTD. PS3Controller");
+
+            for (int value_cap_num = 0; value_cap_num < value_cap_length; value_cap_num++) {
+                auto &value_caps = value_cap_data[value_cap_num];
+
+                if (is_dao_iidx && value_caps.BitSize == 8) { 
+                    log_info("rawinput", "Override analog range for device {}. Replacing [{}, {}] with [{}, {}]",
+                        new_device.name,
+                        value_caps.LogicalMin, value_caps.LogicalMax,
+                        0, 255);
+                    value_caps.LogicalMin = 0;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMax = 255;
+                }
+
+                // fix min and max values
+                if (value_caps.BitSize > 0 && value_caps.BitSize <= sizeof(value_caps.LogicalMin) * 8) {
+                    auto shift_size = sizeof(value_caps.LogicalMin) * 8 - value_caps.BitSize + 1;
+                    auto mask = ((uint64_t) 1 << value_caps.BitSize) - 1;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMin &= mask;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMin <<= shift_size;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMin >>= shift_size;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMax &= mask;
+                }
+
+                // fix up hat switch to initially report as neutral position
+                if (value_caps.UsagePage == 0x1 && value_caps.Range.UsageMin == 0x39) {
+                    value_states[value_cap_num] = -1.f;
+                }
+
+                // add to list
+                value_caps_list.emplace_back(value_caps);
+
+                // names
+                const char *name = usb_hid_get_usage_text(value_caps.UsagePage, value_caps.Range.UsageMin);
+                value_caps_names.emplace_back(name ? name : "Analog Control");
+                free((void *) name);
+            }
+
+            // get value output caps
+            USHORT value_output_cap_length = caps.NumberOutputValueCaps;
+            std::vector<HIDP_VALUE_CAPS> value_output_cap_data(static_cast<size_t>(value_output_cap_length));
+            if (value_output_cap_length > 0) {
+                if (HidP_GetValueCaps(HidP_Output, value_output_cap_data.data(), &value_output_cap_length,
+                        preparsed_data.get()) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+            std::vector<HIDP_VALUE_CAPS> value_output_caps_list;
+            std::vector<std::string> value_output_caps_names;
+            std::vector<float> value_output_states;
+            for (size_t value_cap_num = 0; value_cap_num < value_output_cap_length; value_cap_num++) {
+                auto &value_caps = value_output_cap_data[value_cap_num];
+
+                // fix min and max values
+                if (value_caps.BitSize > 0 && value_caps.BitSize <= sizeof(value_caps.LogicalMin) * 8) {
+                    auto shift_size = sizeof(value_caps.LogicalMin) * 8 - value_caps.BitSize + 1;
+                    auto mask = ((uint64_t) 1 << value_caps.BitSize) - 1;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMin &= mask;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMin <<= shift_size;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMin >>= shift_size;
+                    value_caps.LogicalMax &= mask;
+                }
+
+                // check if this is a range cap
+                if (value_caps.IsRange) {
+
+                    // add a cap for each value for range caps
+                    auto usage_min = value_caps.Range.UsageMin;
+                    auto usage_max = value_caps.Range.UsageMax;
+                    for (auto usage = usage_min; usage <= usage_max; usage++) {
+
+                        // add to list
+                        value_caps.NotRange.Usage = usage;
+                        value_output_caps_list.push_back(value_caps);
+                        value_output_states.push_back(0.f);
+
+                        // check for custom name
+                        wchar_t custom_name[256] {};
+                        bool custom_name_set = false;
+                        if (hid_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+
+                            // get string index
+                            ULONG string_index = 0;
+                            if (value_caps.IsStringRange && value_caps.Range.StringMin != 0) {
+                                string_index = value_caps.Range.StringMin
+                                        + static_cast<ULONG>(value_output_caps_list.size()) - 1;
+                            } else if (!value_caps.IsStringRange && value_caps.NotRange.StringIndex != 0) {
+                                string_index = value_caps.NotRange.StringIndex;
+                            }
+
+                            // lookup string
+                            if (string_index > 0 && HidD_GetIndexedString(
+                                    hid_handle,
+                                    string_index,
+                                    reinterpret_cast<void *>(custom_name),
+                                    sizeof(custom_name))) {
+                                custom_name_set = true;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // check if custom name is set
+                        if (custom_name_set) {
+
+                            // use custom name
+                            value_output_caps_names.push_back(ws2s(std::wstring(custom_name)));
+
+                        } else {
+
+                            // lookup generic name
+                            const char *name = usb_hid_get_usage_text(value_caps.UsagePage, usage);
+                            value_output_caps_names.emplace_back(name ? name : "Value Output");
+                            free((void *) name);
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+
+                    // add to list
+                    value_output_caps_list.emplace_back(value_caps);
+                    value_output_states.push_back(0.f);
+
+                    // check for custom name
+                    wchar_t custom_name[256] {};
+                    bool custom_name_set = false;
+                    if (hid_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+
+                        // get string index
+                        ULONG string_index = 0;
+                        if (!value_caps.IsStringRange && value_caps.NotRange.StringIndex != 0) {
+                            string_index = value_caps.NotRange.StringIndex;
+                        }
+
+                        // lookup string
+                        if (string_index > 0 && HidD_GetIndexedString(
+                                hid_handle,
+                                string_index,
+                                reinterpret_cast<void *>(custom_name),
+                                sizeof(custom_name))) {
+                            custom_name_set = true;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // check if custom name is set
+                    if (custom_name_set) {
+
+                        // use custom name
+                        value_output_caps_names.push_back(ws2s(std::wstring(custom_name)));
+
+                    } else {
+
+                        // lookup generic name
+                        const char *name = usb_hid_get_usage_text(value_caps.UsagePage, value_caps.NotRange.Usage);
+                        value_output_caps_names.emplace_back(name ? name : "Value Output");
+                        free((void *) name);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // generate HID info
+            new_device.hidInfo = new DeviceHIDInfo();
+            new_device.hidInfo->handle = hid_handle;
+            new_device.hidInfo->caps = caps;
+            new_device.hidInfo->attributes = hid_attributes;
+            new_device.hidInfo->driver = hid_driver;
+            new_device.hidInfo->usage_name = std::move(usage_name);
+            new_device.hidInfo->preparsed_data = std::move(preparsed_data);
+            new_device.hidInfo->preparsed_size = preparsed_size;
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_caps_list = std::move(button_caps_list);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_caps_names = std::move(button_caps_names);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_list = std::move(button_output_caps_list);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_names = std::move(button_output_caps_names);
+            new_device.hidInfo->value_caps_list = std::move(value_caps_list);
+            new_device.hidInfo->value_caps_names = std::move(value_caps_names);
+            new_device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_list = std::move(value_output_caps_list);
+            new_device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_names = std::move(value_output_caps_names);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_states = std::move(button_states);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_up = std::move(button_up);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_down = std::move(button_down);
+            new_device.hidInfo->button_output_states = std::move(button_output_states);
+            new_device.hidInfo->value_states = std::move(value_states);
+            new_device.hidInfo->value_states_raw = std::move(value_states_raw);
+            new_device.hidInfo->value_output_states = std::move(value_output_states);
+            new_device.hidInfo->bind_value_states = std::move(bind_value_states);
+
+            // check for touch screen
+            if (rawinput::touch::is_touchscreen(&new_device)) {
+                rawinput::touch::enable(&new_device);
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            return;
+    }
+
+    // overwrite device with the same handle
+    for (auto &prev_device : this->devices) {
+        if (prev_device.name == new_device.name) {
+            log_info("rawinput", "overwriting existing device: {} / {}", new_device.desc, new_device.name);
+
+            // carry over old device ID
+            new_device.id = prev_device.id;
+
+            // destruct and replace
+            this->devices_destruct(&prev_device);
+            prev_device = new_device;
+
+            // notify change
+            for (auto &cb : this->callback_change) {
+                cb.f(cb.data, &prev_device);
+            }
+
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add device to list
+    auto &added_device = this->devices.emplace_back(new_device);
+    if (log) {
+        log_info("rawinput", "added device: {} / {}", added_device.desc, added_device.name);
+    }
+
+    // notify add
+    for (auto &cb : this->callback_add) {
+        cb.f(cb.data, &added_device);
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_midi() {
+
+    // add midi devices
+    auto midi_device_count = midiInGetNumDevs();
+    for (size_t midi_device_id = 0; midi_device_id < midi_device_count; midi_device_id++) {
+
+        // get dev caps
+        MIDIINCAPS midi_device_caps{};
+        if (midiInGetDevCaps(midi_device_id, &midi_device_caps, sizeof(MIDIINCAPS)) != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // open device
+        HMIDIIN midi_device_handle;
+        if (midiInOpen(&midi_device_handle,
+                       (UINT) midi_device_id,
+                       (DWORD_PTR) &input_midi_proc,
+                       (DWORD_PTR) this,
+                       CALLBACK_FUNCTION) != MMSYSERR_NOERROR)
+        {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // start input
+        if (midiInStart(midi_device_handle) != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // device info
+        DeviceInfo midi_device_info {};
+
+        // device midi info
+        auto midi_device_midi_info = new DeviceMIDIInfo();
+        midi_device_midi_info->states = std::vector<bool>(16 * 128);
+        midi_device_midi_info->states_events = std::vector<uint8_t>(16 * 128);
+        midi_device_midi_info->bind_states = std::vector<bool>(16 * 128);
+        midi_device_midi_info->velocity = std::vector<uint8_t>(16 * 128);
+        midi_device_midi_info->freeze = false;
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_precision = std::vector<uint16_t>(16 * 32);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_precision_bind = std::vector<uint16_t>(16 * 32);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_precision_msb = std::vector<bool>(16 * 32);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_precision_lsb = std::vector<bool>(16 * 32);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_precision_set = std::vector<bool>(16 * 32);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_single = std::vector<uint8_t>(16 * 44);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_single_bind = std::vector<uint8_t>(16 * 44);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_single_set = std::vector<bool>(16 * 44);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_onoff = std::vector<bool>(16 * 6);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_onoff_bind = std::vector<bool>(16 * 6);
+        midi_device_midi_info->controls_onoff_set = std::vector<bool>(16 * 6);
+        midi_device_midi_info->pitch_bend = 0x2000;
+
+        // build identifier
+        std::ostringstream midi_identifier;
+        midi_identifier << ";" << "MIDI";
+        midi_identifier << ";" << midi_device_id;
+        midi_identifier << ";" << midi_device_caps.szPname;
+        midi_identifier << ";" << midi_device_caps.wMid;
+        midi_identifier << ";" << midi_device_caps.wPid;
+
+        // build device
+        Device midi_device {};
+        midi_device.id = devices.size() + 1;
+        midi_device.type = MIDI;
+        midi_device.handle = midi_device_handle;
+        midi_device.name = midi_identifier.str();
+        midi_device.desc = to_string(midi_device_caps.szPname);
+        midi_device.info = midi_device_info;
+        midi_device.mutex = new std::mutex();
+        midi_device.mutex_out = new std::mutex();
+        midi_device.midiInfo = midi_device_midi_info;
+
+        // check for duplicate handle
+        for (auto &device : this->devices) {
+            if (device.name == midi_identifier.str()) {
+
+                // carry over ID
+                midi_device.id = device.id;
+
+                // destruct and replace
+                this->devices_destruct(&device);
+                device = midi_device;
+
+                // notify change
+                for (auto &cb : this->callback_change) {
+                    cb.f(cb.data, &device);
+                }
+
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // add device to list
+        auto &device = this->devices.emplace_back(midi_device);
+
+        // notify add
+        for (auto &cb : this->callback_add) {
+            cb.f(cb.data, &device);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_piuio() {
+
+    // add device to vector first so pointer is valid
+    auto *new_piuio_device = new Device();
+    new_piuio_device->type = PIUIO_DEVICE;
+    new_piuio_device->name = "piuio";
+    new_piuio_device->desc = "PIUIO";
+    new_piuio_device->piuioDev = nullptr;
+    new_piuio_device->mutex = new std::mutex();
+    new_piuio_device->mutex_out = new std::mutex();
+
+    // try to initialize
+    auto &device = this->devices.emplace_back(*new_piuio_device);
+    auto piuioDev = new PIUIO(&device);
+    if (piuioDev->Init()) {
+
+        // successful initialization
+        device.piuioDev = piuioDev;
+
+        // notify add
+        for (auto &cb : this->callback_add) {
+            cb.f(cb.data, &device);
+        }
+    } else {
+
+        // remove device since connection failed
+        this->devices.pop_back();
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_scan_smxstage() {
+    auto *new_smxstage_device = new Device();
+    new_smxstage_device->type = SMX_STAGE;
+    new_smxstage_device->name = "smxstage";
+    new_smxstage_device->desc = "SMX Stage";
+    new_smxstage_device->smxstageInfo = nullptr;
+    new_smxstage_device->mutex = new std::mutex();
+    new_smxstage_device->mutex_out = new std::mutex();
+
+    auto &device = this->devices.emplace_back(*new_smxstage_device);
+    auto smxstageInfo = new SmxStageDevice();
+    if (smxstageInfo->Initialize()) {
+        device.smxstageInfo = smxstageInfo;
+
+        // notify add
+        for (auto &cb : this->callback_add) {
+            cb.f(cb.data, &device);
+        }
+    } else {
+
+        // remove device since connection failed
+        this->devices.pop_back();
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::flush_start() {
+
+    // start flush thread
+    if (this->flush_thread == nullptr) {
+        this->flush_thread_running = true;
+        this->flush_thread = new std::thread([this] {
+            while (this->flush_thread_running) {
+
+                /*
+                 * Write output report all ~500ms so DAO IIDX boards (and probably more) don't go back
+                 * to button based lighting.
+                 */
+                this->devices_flush_output(false);
+                Sleep(495);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::flush_stop() {
+
+    // set stop flag
+    this->flush_thread_running = false;
+
+    // check if thread is set
+    if (this->flush_thread) {
+
+        // join and kill
+        this->flush_thread->join();
+        delete this->flush_thread;
+
+        // unset thread
+        this->flush_thread = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::output_start() {
+
+    // start thread if required
+    if (!output_thread) {
+        output_thread_running = true;
+        output_thread = new std::thread([this] {
+            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(output_thread_m);
+            while (output_thread_running) {
+
+                // wait for CV
+                output_thread_cv.wait(lock, [this] {
+                    return output_thread_ready;
+                });
+
+                // check for exit
+                if (!output_thread_running) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                // iterate all devices
+                do {
+                    output_thread_ready = false;
+                    for (auto &device : this->devices) {
+
+                        // write output
+                        device_write_output(&device, true);
+                    }
+                } while (output_thread_ready);
+            }
+        });
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::output_stop() {
+
+    // stop output thread
+    this->output_thread_running = false;
+    if (this->output_thread) {
+        this->output_thread_m.lock();
+        this->output_thread_ready = true;
+        this->output_thread_m.unlock();
+        this->output_thread_cv.notify_all();
+        this->output_thread->join();
+        delete this->output_thread;
+        this->output_thread = nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+std::string rawinput::RawInputManager::rawinput_get_device_name(HANDLE hDevice) {
+
+    // get device name length
+    UINT device_name_len = 0;
+    if (GetRawInputDeviceInfo(hDevice, RIDI_DEVICENAME, nullptr, &device_name_len) == (UINT) -1) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    // allocate buffer
+    auto device_name = std::make_unique<char[]>(device_name_len);
+
+    // get device name (but it is actually the path)
+    if (GetRawInputDeviceInfo(hDevice, RIDI_DEVICENAME, device_name.get(), &device_name_len) == (UINT) -1) {
+        return "";
+    }
+    if (device_name_len < 4) {
+        return "";
+    }
+
+    // the infamous XP fix
+    // see http://stackoverflow.com/questions/10798798
+    device_name[1] = '\\'; //
+
+    // build string
+    return std::string(device_name.get());
+}
+
+std::string rawinput::RawInputManager::rawinput_get_device_description(const rawinput::DeviceInfo &info,
+                                                                       const std::string &device_name) {
+
+    // yes this whole motherfucker is just for the device name - gotta <3 microsoft
+    std::string device_description;
+    HDEVINFO devinfo = SetupDiGetClassDevs(&info.guid, nullptr, nullptr, DIGCF_DEVICEINTERFACE | DIGCF_PRESENT);
+    SP_DEVINFO_DATA devinfo_data{};
+    devinfo_data.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVINFO_DATA);
+    for (DWORD i1 = 0; SetupDiEnumDeviceInfo(devinfo, i1, &devinfo_data); i1++) {
+        SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA i_data{};
+        i_data.cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DATA);
+        for (DWORD i2 = 0; SetupDiEnumDeviceInterfaces(devinfo, &devinfo_data, &info.guid, i2, &i_data); i2++) {
+
+            // get device path
+            DWORD detail_data_size = 0;
+            if (SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(devinfo, &i_data, nullptr, 0, &detail_data_size, nullptr)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // allocate buffer
+            std::unique_ptr<SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA> detail_data(
+                reinterpret_cast<SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA *>(new uint8_t[detail_data_size])
+            );
+            detail_data->cbSize = sizeof(SP_DEVICE_INTERFACE_DETAIL_DATA);
+
+            if (!SetupDiGetDeviceInterfaceDetail(devinfo, &i_data, detail_data.get(), detail_data_size,
+                                                 nullptr, nullptr))
+            {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            std::string device_path(detail_data->DevicePath);
+
+            // the XP fix again
+            if (device_path.length() > 1) {
+                device_path[1] = '\\';
+            }
+
+            // check if this is our device (must be case insensitive)
+            if (_stricmp(device_path.c_str(), device_name.c_str()) == 0) {
+
+                // get property
+                DWORD desc_size = 0;
+                if (SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(
+                        devinfo, &devinfo_data, SPDRP_DEVICEDESC, nullptr, nullptr, 0, &desc_size))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // allocate buffer
+                auto desc_data = std::make_unique<BYTE[]>(desc_size);
+
+                if (!SetupDiGetDeviceRegistryProperty(
+                        devinfo, &devinfo_data, SPDRP_DEVICEDESC, nullptr, desc_data.get(), desc_size, nullptr))
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // kthxbye
+                device_description = std::string(reinterpret_cast<char *>(desc_data.get()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // kill it with fire
+    SetupDiDestroyDeviceInfoList(devinfo);
+
+    // some descriptions are empty - especially using WINE
+    if (device_description.empty()) {
+        device_description = device_name;
+    }
+
+    // alias
+    if (device_description == R"(\\?\WINE_MOUSE)") {
+        device_description = "WINE Mouse";
+    } else if (device_description == R"(\\?\WINE_KEYBOARD)") {
+        device_description = "WINE Keyboard";
+    }
+
+    // return result
+    return device_description;
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::sextet_register(const std::string &port_name, const std::string &alias,
+        bool warn) {
+
+    // check for any sextet-stream devices
+    Device device {};
+    device.type = SEXTET_OUTPUT;
+    device.name = "sextet_" + port_name;
+    device.desc = alias + " (" + port_name + ")";
+    device.sextetInfo = new rawinput::SextetDevice(R"(\\.\)" + port_name);
+    device.mutex = new std::mutex();
+    device.mutex_out = new std::mutex();
+
+    // try to connect
+    if (device.sextetInfo->connect()) {
+
+        // successful connection
+        this->devices.emplace_back(device);
+
+        // notify add
+        for (auto &cb : this->callback_add) {
+            cb.f(cb.data, &this->devices.back());
+        }
+    } else if (warn) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "unable to connect to {} on {}", alias, port_name);
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_remove(const std::string &name) {
+
+    // iterate devices
+    for (auto &device : this->devices) {
+
+        // check if name matches
+        if (device.name == name) {
+
+            // remove device
+            this->devices_destruct(&device);
+            return;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_register() {
+
+    // check input window
+    if (!this->input_hwnd) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "trying to register devices without input window");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // register keyboard
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE keyboard_device{};
+    if (rawinput::NOLEGACY) {
+
+        // this prevents win/media/special key events to get sent to the game window
+        keyboard_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_NOLEGACY | RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
+
+    } else {
+        keyboard_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
+    }
+    keyboard_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    keyboard_device.usUsage = 0x06;
+    keyboard_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    if (!RegisterRawInputDevices(&keyboard_device, 1, sizeof(keyboard_device))) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "failed to register keyboard events: {}", GetLastError());
+    }
+
+    // register keypad
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE keypad_device{};
+    keypad_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
+    keypad_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    keypad_device.usUsage = 0x07;
+    keypad_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    if (!RegisterRawInputDevices(&keypad_device, 1, sizeof(keypad_device))) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "failed to register keypad events: {}", GetLastError());
+    }
+
+    // register mouse
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE mouse_device{};
+    mouse_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
+    mouse_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    mouse_device.usUsage = 0x02;
+    mouse_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    if (!RegisterRawInputDevices(&mouse_device, 1, sizeof(mouse_device))) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "failed to register mouse events: {}", GetLastError());
+    }
+
+    // register joystick
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE joystick_device{};
+    joystick_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
+    joystick_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    joystick_device.usUsage = 0x04;
+    joystick_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    if (!RegisterRawInputDevices(&joystick_device, 1, sizeof(joystick_device))) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "failed to register joystick events: {}", GetLastError());
+    }
+
+    // register gamepad
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE gamepad_device{};
+    gamepad_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
+    gamepad_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    gamepad_device.usUsage = 0x05;
+    gamepad_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    if (!RegisterRawInputDevices(&gamepad_device, 1, sizeof(gamepad_device))) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "failed to register gamepad events: {}", GetLastError());
+    }
+
+    // register digitizer
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE digitizer_device{};
+    digitizer_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_PAGEONLY | RIDEV_INPUTSINK;
+    digitizer_device.usUsagePage = 0x0D;
+    digitizer_device.usUsage = 0x00;
+    digitizer_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    if (!RegisterRawInputDevices(&digitizer_device, 1, sizeof(digitizer_device))) {
+        log_warning("rawinput", "failed to register digitizer events: {}", GetLastError());
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_unregister() {
+
+    // unregister keyboard
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE keyboard_device {};
+    if (rawinput::NOLEGACY) {
+        keyboard_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_NOLEGACY | RIDEV_INPUTSINK | RIDEV_REMOVE;
+    } else {
+        keyboard_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK | RIDEV_REMOVE;
+    }
+    keyboard_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    keyboard_device.usUsage = 0x06;
+    keyboard_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    RegisterRawInputDevices(&keyboard_device, 1, sizeof(keyboard_device));
+
+    // unregister keypad
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE keypad_device {};
+    keypad_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK | RIDEV_REMOVE;
+    keypad_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    keypad_device.usUsage = 0x07;
+    keypad_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    RegisterRawInputDevices(&keypad_device, 1, sizeof(keypad_device));
+
+    // unregister mouse
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE mouse_device {};
+    mouse_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK | RIDEV_REMOVE;
+    mouse_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    mouse_device.usUsage = 0x02;
+    mouse_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    RegisterRawInputDevices(&mouse_device, 1, sizeof(mouse_device));
+
+    // unregister joystick
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE joystick_device {};
+    joystick_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK | RIDEV_REMOVE;
+    joystick_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    joystick_device.usUsage = 0x04;
+    joystick_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    RegisterRawInputDevices(&joystick_device, 1, sizeof(joystick_device));
+
+    // unregister gamepad
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE gamepad_device {};
+    gamepad_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_INPUTSINK | RIDEV_REMOVE;
+    gamepad_device.usUsagePage = 1;
+    gamepad_device.usUsage = 0x06;
+    gamepad_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    RegisterRawInputDevices(&gamepad_device, 1, sizeof(gamepad_device));
+
+    // unregister digitizer
+    RAWINPUTDEVICE digitizer_device {};
+    digitizer_device.dwFlags = RIDEV_PAGEONLY | RIDEV_INPUTSINK | RIDEV_REMOVE;
+    digitizer_device.usUsagePage = 0x0D;
+    digitizer_device.usUsage = 0x00;
+    digitizer_device.hwndTarget = this->input_hwnd;
+    RegisterRawInputDevices(&digitizer_device, 1, sizeof(digitizer_device));
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_destruct() {
+
+    // check if there's something to destruct
+    if (this->devices.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // dispose devices
+    log_info("rawinput", "disposing devices");
+    for (auto &device : this->devices) {
+        this->devices_destruct(&device, false);
+        delete device.mutex;
+    }
+
+    // empty array
+    this->devices.clear();
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_destruct(Device *device, bool log) {
+
+    // check if destroyed
+    if (device->type == DESTROYED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // optionally log
+    if (log) {
+        log_info("rawinput", "destroying device: {} / {}", device->desc, device->name);
+    }
+
+    // mark as destroyed
+    auto device_type = device->type;
+    device->type = DESTROYED;
+
+    // notify change
+    for (auto &cb : this->callback_change) {
+        cb.f(cb.data, device);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * lock device
+     * note: this is an exception to only locking devices when we acquire them from the list
+     * callbacks could want to lock the mutex as well and it isn't recursive
+     * this also means the device must be unlocked before calling this function
+     */
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*device->mutex);
+
+    // close device handles
+    switch (device_type) {
+        case HID:
+            if (device->hidInfo->handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                CloseHandle(device->hidInfo->handle);
+                device->hidInfo->handle = INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+            }
+            break;
+        case MIDI:
+            midiInReset((HMIDIIN) device->handle);
+            midiInClose((HMIDIIN) device->handle);
+            break;
+        case SEXTET_OUTPUT:
+            device->sextetInfo->disconnect();
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // clean up generic stuff
+    delete device->mouseInfo;
+    device->mouseInfo = nullptr;
+    delete device->keyboardInfo;
+    device->keyboardInfo = nullptr;
+    delete device->hidInfo;
+    device->hidInfo = nullptr;
+    delete device->midiInfo;
+    device->midiInfo = nullptr;
+    delete device->sextetInfo;
+    device->sextetInfo = nullptr;
+    delete device->smxstageInfo;
+    device->smxstageInfo = nullptr;
+    // TODO: check if mutex can be deleted
+}
+
+LRESULT CALLBACK rawinput::RawInputManager::input_wnd_proc(
+        HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wparam, LPARAM lParam) {
+
+    // message switch
+    switch (msg) {
+        case WM_CREATE: {
+
+            // save reference
+            auto create_params = reinterpret_cast<LPCREATESTRUCT>(lParam);
+            SetWindowLongPtrW(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA, reinterpret_cast<LONG_PTR>(create_params->lpCreateParams));
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_INPUT: {
+
+            // get reference
+            auto ref = reinterpret_cast<RawInputManager *>(GetWindowLongPtrW(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA));
+
+            // get raw input data
+            UINT data_size = 0;
+            if (GetRawInputData(
+                    (HRAWINPUT) lParam,
+                    RID_INPUT,
+                    nullptr,
+                    &data_size,
+                    sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER)) == (UINT) -1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (!data_size) {
+                break;
+            }
+            std::shared_ptr<RAWINPUT> data((RAWINPUT *) new char[data_size]{});
+            if (GetRawInputData(
+                    (HRAWINPUT) lParam,
+                    RID_INPUT,
+                    data.get(),
+                    &data_size,
+                    sizeof(RAWINPUTHEADER)) != data_size) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // find device
+            HANDLE device_handle = data->header.hDevice;
+            for (auto &device : ref->devices_get()) {
+
+                // skip if this is the wrong device
+                if (device.handle != device_handle) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get input time
+                double input_time = get_performance_seconds();
+
+                // lock device
+                device.mutex->lock();
+
+                // update hz
+                double diff_time = input_time - device.input_time;
+                if (diff_time > 0.0001) {
+                    device.input_hz = 1.f / diff_time;
+                    device.input_hz_max = MAX(device.input_hz_max, device.input_hz);
+                    device.input_time = input_time;
+                }
+
+                // check type
+                switch (device.type) {
+                    case DESTROYED:
+                        log_warning("rawinput", "received input msg for destroyed device");
+                        break;
+                    case MOUSE: {
+
+                        // get mouse data
+                        auto data_mouse = data->data.mouse;
+
+                        // save position
+                        if (data_mouse.usFlags & MOUSE_MOVE_ABSOLUTE) {
+                            if (device.mouseInfo->pos_x != data_mouse.lLastX) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                            }
+                            device.mouseInfo->pos_x = data_mouse.lLastX;
+                            if (device.mouseInfo->pos_y != data_mouse.lLastY) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                            }
+                            device.mouseInfo->pos_y = data_mouse.lLastY;
+                        } else {
+                            if (data_mouse.lLastX != 0 || data_mouse.lLastY != 0) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                            }
+                            device.mouseInfo->pos_x += data_mouse.lLastX;
+                            device.mouseInfo->pos_y += data_mouse.lLastY;
+                        }
+
+                        // check buttons
+                        if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags) {
+                            auto &key_states = device.mouseInfo->key_states;
+                            auto &key_up = device.mouseInfo->key_up;
+                            auto &key_down = device.mouseInfo->key_down;
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_LEFT] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_LEFT] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_LEFT_BUTTON_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_LEFT] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_LEFT] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_RIGHT_BUTTON_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_RIGHT] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_RIGHT] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_RIGHT_BUTTON_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_RIGHT] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_RIGHT] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_MIDDLE_BUTTON_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_MIDDLE] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_MIDDLE] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_MIDDLE_BUTTON_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_MIDDLE] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_MIDDLE] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_1_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_1] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_1] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_1_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_1] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_1] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_2_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_2] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_2] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_2_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_2] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_2] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_3_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_3] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_3] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_3_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_3] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_3] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_4_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_4] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_4] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_4_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_4] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_4] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_5_DOWN) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_5] = true;
+                                key_down[MOUSEBTN_5] = input_time;
+                            }
+                            if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_BUTTON_5_UP) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                key_states[MOUSEBTN_5] = false;
+                                key_up[MOUSEBTN_5] = input_time;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // check wheel
+                        if (data_mouse.usButtonFlags & RI_MOUSE_WHEEL) {
+                            if ((short) data_mouse.usButtonData != 0) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                            }
+                            device.mouseInfo->pos_wheel += ((short) data_mouse.usButtonData) / WHEEL_DELTA;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case KEYBOARD: {
+
+                        // get keyboard data
+                        auto &data_keyboard = data->data.keyboard;
+
+                        // set index based on flags
+                        int index = 0;
+                        if (data_keyboard.Flags & RI_KEY_E0) {
+                            index += 256;
+                        }
+                        if (data_keyboard.Flags & RI_KEY_E1) {
+                            index += 512;
+                        }
+
+                        // check the funny exceptions
+                        USHORT vkey = data_keyboard.VKey;
+                        switch (index + vkey) {
+                            case 17:
+                                vkey = VK_LCONTROL;
+                                break;
+                            case 273:
+                                vkey = VK_RCONTROL;
+                                break;
+                        }
+                        switch (data_keyboard.MakeCode) {
+                            case 42:
+                                vkey = VK_LSHIFT;
+                                break;
+                            case 54:
+                                vkey = VK_RSHIFT;
+                                break;
+                        }
+
+                        // update key state
+                        if (vkey < 255) {
+                            bool state = (data_keyboard.Flags & RI_KEY_BREAK) == 0;
+                            auto &cur_state = device.keyboardInfo->key_states[index + vkey];
+                            if (!cur_state && state) {
+                                cur_state = state;
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                device.keyboardInfo->key_down[index + vkey] = input_time;
+                            } else if (cur_state && !state) {
+                                cur_state = state;
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                device.keyboardInfo->key_up[index + vkey] = input_time;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case HID: {
+
+                        // get HID data
+                        auto &data_hid = data->data.hid;
+
+                        // buttons
+                        for (size_t cap_num = 0; cap_num < device.hidInfo->button_caps_list.size(); cap_num++) {
+                            auto &button_caps = device.hidInfo->button_caps_list[cap_num];
+                            auto &button_states = device.hidInfo->button_states[cap_num];
+                            auto &button_down = device.hidInfo->button_down[cap_num];
+                            auto &button_up = device.hidInfo->button_up[cap_num];
+
+                            // get button count
+                            int button_count = button_caps.Range.UsageMax - button_caps.Range.UsageMin + 1;
+                            if (button_count <= 0) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // get usages
+                            auto usages_length = static_cast<ULONG>(button_count);
+                            std::vector<USAGE> usages(static_cast<size_t>(usages_length));
+                            if (HidP_GetUsages(
+                                    HidP_Input,
+                                    button_caps.UsagePage,
+                                    button_caps.LinkCollection,
+                                    usages.data(),
+                                    &usages_length,
+                                    reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(device.hidInfo->preparsed_data.get()),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<PCHAR>(data_hid.bRawData),
+                                    data_hid.dwSizeHid) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // update buttons
+                            std::vector<bool> new_states(button_count);
+                            for (ULONG usage_num = 0; usage_num < usages_length; usage_num++) {
+                                USAGE usage = usages[usage_num] - button_caps.Range.UsageMin;
+
+                                // guard against some buggy device sending an event for a usage below `UsageMin`
+                                if (usage < button_count) {
+                                    new_states[usage] = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            for (int button_num = 0; button_num < button_count; button_num++) {
+                                if (!new_states[button_num] && button_states[button_num]) {
+                                    device.updated = true;
+                                    button_states[button_num] = new_states[button_num];
+                                    button_down[button_num] = input_time;
+                                } else if (new_states[button_num] && !button_states[button_num]) {
+                                    device.updated = true;
+                                    button_states[button_num] = new_states[button_num];
+                                    button_up[button_num] = input_time;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // analogs
+                        for (auto cap_num = 0; cap_num < device.hidInfo->caps.NumberInputValueCaps; cap_num++) {
+                            auto &value_caps = device.hidInfo->value_caps_list[cap_num];
+
+                            // get value
+                            LONG value_raw = 0;
+                            if (HidP_GetUsageValue(
+                                    HidP_Input,
+                                    value_caps.UsagePage,
+                                    value_caps.LinkCollection,
+                                    value_caps.Range.UsageMin,
+                                    reinterpret_cast<ULONG *>(&value_raw),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(device.hidInfo->preparsed_data.get()),
+                                    reinterpret_cast<CHAR *>(data_hid.bRawData),
+                                    data_hid.dwSizeHid) != HIDP_STATUS_SUCCESS)
+                            {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
+                            // get min and max
+                            LONG value_min = value_caps.LogicalMin;
+                            LONG value_max = value_caps.LogicalMax;
+
+                            // fix sign bits for signed values
+                            if (value_caps.LogicalMin < 0 &&
+                                    value_caps.BitSize > 0 &&
+                                    value_caps.BitSize <= sizeof(value_caps.LogicalMin) * 8) {
+                                auto shift_size = sizeof(value_caps.LogicalMin) * 8 - value_caps.BitSize + 1;
+                                value_raw <<= shift_size;
+                                value_raw >>= shift_size;
+                            }
+
+                            float value;
+                            // 0x1 == generic desktop, 0x39 == hat switch
+                            if (value_caps.UsagePage == 0x1 && value_caps.Range.UsageMin == 0x39) {
+                                if (value_min <= value_raw && value_raw <= value_max) {
+                                    // scale to float; minimum valid value is UP, and increases in clockwise order
+                                    value = (float) (value_raw - value_min) / (float) (value_max - value_min);
+                                } else {
+                                    // hat switches report an out-of-bounds value to indicate a neutral position, so it
+                                    // needs special handling; here, we will use a negative value to indicate neutral
+                                    value = -1.f;
+                                }
+                            } else {
+                                // automatic calibration
+                                if (value_raw < value_min) {
+                                    value_caps.LogicalMin = value_raw;
+                                    value_min = value_raw;
+                                }
+                                if (value_raw > value_max) {
+                                    value_caps.LogicalMax = value_raw;
+                                    value_max = value_raw;
+                                }
+
+                                // scale to float
+                                value = (float) (value_raw - value_min) / (float) (value_max - value_min);
+                            }
+
+                            // store value
+                            auto &cur_state = device.hidInfo->value_states[cap_num];
+                            if (cur_state != value) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                cur_state = value;
+                            }
+
+                            // store raw value
+                            auto &cur_raw_state = device.hidInfo->value_states_raw[cap_num];
+                            if (cur_raw_state != value_raw) {
+                                device.updated = true;
+                                cur_raw_state = value_raw;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // touch screen
+                        rawinput::touch::update_input(&device);
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                // free device
+                device.mutex->unlock();
+            }
+
+            // call the default window handler for cleanup
+            DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wparam, lParam);
+
+            // return zero to indicate the event was processed
+            return 0;
+        }
+        case WM_DEVICECHANGE: {
+
+            // call hotplug manager
+            auto ref = reinterpret_cast<RawInputManager *>(GetWindowLongPtrW(hWnd, GWLP_USERDATA));
+            if (ref != nullptr && ref->hotplug != nullptr) {
+                return ref->hotplug->WndProc(hWnd, msg, wparam, lParam);
+            }
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // default
+    return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wparam, lParam);
+}
+
+void CALLBACK rawinput::RawInputManager::input_midi_proc(HMIDIIN hMidiIn, UINT wMsg, DWORD_PTR dwInstance,
+                                                         DWORD_PTR dwParam1, DWORD_PTR dwParam2) {
+    // get instance
+    auto ri_mgr = reinterpret_cast<RawInputManager *>(dwInstance);
+
+    // handle message
+    switch (wMsg) {
+        case MIM_OPEN:
+        case MIM_CLOSE:
+            break;
+        case MIM_MOREDATA:
+        case MIM_DATA: {
+
+            // param mapping
+            auto dwMidiMessage = dwParam1;
+            //auto dwTimestamp = dwParam2;
+
+            // message unpacking
+            auto midi_status = LOBYTE(LOWORD(dwMidiMessage));
+            auto midi_status_command = (midi_status & 0xF0u) >> 4u;
+            auto midi_status_channel = (midi_status & 0x0Fu);
+            auto midi_byte1 = HIBYTE(LOWORD(dwMidiMessage));
+            auto midi_byte2 = LOBYTE(HIWORD(dwMidiMessage));
+
+            // callbacks
+            for (auto &callback : ri_mgr->callback_midi) {
+
+                // find device
+                for (auto &device : ri_mgr->devices_get()) {
+                    if (device.type == MIDI && device.handle == hMidiIn) {
+
+                        // call function
+                        callback.f(callback.data, &device,
+                                   midi_status_command, midi_status_channel,
+                                   midi_byte1, midi_byte2);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // skip unused messages types early for performance
+            bool skip = false;
+            switch (midi_status_command) {
+                case 0xA: // POLYPHONIC PRESSURE
+                case 0xC: // PROGRAM CHANGE
+                case 0xD: // CHANNEL PRESSURE
+                case 0xF: // SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE
+                    skip = true;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            if (skip) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // find device
+            for (auto &device : ri_mgr->devices_get()) {
+
+                // filter non MIDI devices
+                if (device.type != MIDI) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // filter wrong handles
+                if (device.handle != hMidiIn) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                // get input time
+                auto input_time = get_performance_seconds();
+
+                // lock device
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(*device.mutex);
+
+                // update hz
+                auto diff_time = input_time - device.input_time;
+                if (diff_time > 0.0001) {
+                    device.input_hz = 1.f / diff_time;
+                    device.input_hz_max = MAX(device.input_hz_max, device.input_hz);
+                    device.input_time = input_time;
+                }
+
+                // command logic
+                switch (midi_status_command) {
+                    case 0x8: { // NOTE OFF
+
+                        // param mapping
+                        auto midi_note = midi_byte1 & 127u;
+
+                        // get index
+                        auto midi_index = midi_status_channel * 128 + midi_note;
+                        if (midi_index < 16 * 128) {
+
+                            // update velocity
+                            device.midiInfo->velocity[midi_index] = 0;
+
+                            // disable note
+                            if (device.midiInfo->states_events[midi_index])
+                                device.midiInfo->states[midi_index] = false;
+
+                            // mark device as updated
+                            device.updated = true;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case 0x9: { // NOTE ON
+
+                        // param mapping
+                        auto midi_note = midi_byte1 & 127u;
+                        auto midi_velocity = midi_byte2 & 127u;
+
+                        // get index
+                        auto midi_index = midi_status_channel * 128 + midi_note;
+                        if (midi_index < 16 * 128) {
+
+                            // update velocity
+                            device.midiInfo->velocity[midi_index] = (uint8_t) midi_velocity;
+
+                            // update events
+                            if (midi_velocity) {
+
+                                // so currently it's meant to be turned on
+                                device.midiInfo->states[midi_index] = true;
+
+                                // if its already on just increase it by one to turn it off
+                                if (device.midiInfo->states_events[midi_index] % 2)
+                                    device.midiInfo->states_events[midi_index]++;
+                                else
+                                    device.midiInfo->states_events[midi_index] += 2;
+
+                            } else if (!device.midiInfo->freeze) {
+
+                                // velocity 0 means turn it off
+                                device.midiInfo->states[midi_index] = false;
+                            }
+
+                            // mark device as updated
+                            device.updated = true;
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case 0xA: // POLYPHONIC PRESSURE
+                        break; // skipped above (!)
+                    case 0xB: { // CONTROL CHANGE
+
+                        // param mapping
+                        auto midi_control = midi_byte1 & 127;
+                        auto midi_value = midi_byte2 & 127u;
+
+                        // get index
+                        auto channel_offset = midi_status_channel * 128;
+                        auto midi_index = channel_offset + midi_control;
+                        if (midi_index < 16 * 128) {
+
+                            // continuous controller MSB
+                            if (midi_control >= 0x00 && midi_control <= 0x1F) {
+
+                                // update index
+                                midi_index = midi_status_channel * 32 + midi_control;
+                                device.midiInfo->controls_precision_set[midi_index] = true;
+
+                                // check if MSB wasn't sent yet
+                                if (!device.midiInfo->controls_precision_msb[midi_index]) {
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_precision_msb[midi_index] = true;
+
+                                    // move LSB value to actual position
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index] >>= 7u;
+                                }
+
+                                // update MSB
+                                auto tmp = device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index];
+                                tmp = (tmp & 127u) | midi_value << 7u;
+                                if (!device.midiInfo->controls_precision_lsb[midi_index])
+                                    tmp = (tmp & (127u << 7u)) | midi_value;
+                                if (device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index] != tmp) {
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index] = tmp;
+                                    device.updated = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // continuous controller LSB
+                            else if (midi_control >= 0x20 && midi_control <= 0x3F) {
+
+                                // update index
+                                midi_index = midi_status_channel * 32 + midi_control - 0x20;
+                                device.midiInfo->controls_precision_set[midi_index] = true;
+                                device.midiInfo->controls_precision_lsb[midi_index] = true;
+
+                                // check for MSB flag
+                                if (device.midiInfo->controls_precision_msb[midi_index]) {
+
+                                    // update LSB only
+                                    auto tmp = device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index];
+                                    tmp &= 127u << 7u;
+                                    tmp |= midi_value;
+                                    if (device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index] != tmp) {
+                                        device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index] = tmp;
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                    }
+
+                                } else {
+
+                                    // cast to MSB
+                                    if (device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index] != midi_value << 7u) {
+                                        device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_index] = midi_value << 7u | midi_value;
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // on/off controls
+                            else if (midi_control >= 0x40 && midi_control <= 0x45) {
+
+                                // update index
+                                midi_index = midi_status_channel * 6 + midi_control - 0x40;
+                                device.midiInfo->controls_precision_set[midi_index] = true;
+
+                                // get on/off state
+                                auto onoff_state = midi_value >= 64;
+
+                                // update device
+                                if (device.midiInfo->controls_onoff[midi_index] != onoff_state) {
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_onoff[midi_index] = onoff_state;
+                                    device.updated = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // single byte controllers
+                            else if (midi_control >= 0x46 && midi_control <= 0x5F) {
+
+                                // update index
+                                midi_index = midi_status_channel * 32 + midi_control - 0x46;
+                                device.midiInfo->controls_precision_set[midi_index] = true;
+
+                                // update device
+                                if (device.midiInfo->controls_single[midi_index] != midi_value) {
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_single[midi_index] = midi_value;
+                                    device.updated = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // increment/decrement and parameter numbers
+                            else if (midi_control >= 0x60 && midi_control <= 0x65) {
+                                // skip
+                            }
+
+                            // undefined single-byte controllers
+                            else if (midi_control >= 0x66 && midi_control <= 0x77) {
+
+                                // update index
+                                auto sbc_count = 0x5F - 0x46 + 1;
+                                midi_index = midi_status_channel * 32 + midi_control - 0x66 + sbc_count;
+                                device.midiInfo->controls_precision_set[midi_index] = true;
+
+                                // update device
+                                if (device.midiInfo->controls_single[midi_index] != midi_value) {
+                                    device.midiInfo->controls_single[midi_index] = midi_value;
+                                    device.updated = true;
+                                }
+                            }
+
+                            // channel mode messages
+                            else if (midi_control >= 0x78 && midi_control <= 0x7F) {
+                                switch (midi_control) {
+                                    case 0x78: // all sound off
+                                        break;
+                                    case 0x79: { // reset all controllers
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 32; i++)
+                                            device.midiInfo->controls_precision[midi_status_channel * 32 + i] = 0;
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 44; i++)
+                                            device.midiInfo->controls_single[midi_status_channel * 44 + i] = 0;
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
+                                            device.midiInfo->controls_onoff[midi_status_channel * 6 + i] = false;
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    case 0x7A: // local control on/off
+                                        break;
+                                    case 0x7B: { // all notes off
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+                                            device.midiInfo->states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->states_events[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                            device.midiInfo->bind_states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->velocity[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                        break;
+                                    }
+                                    case 0x7C: // omni mode off + all notes off
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+                                            device.midiInfo->states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->states_events[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                            device.midiInfo->bind_states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->velocity[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                        break;
+                                    case 0x7D: // omni mode on + all notes off
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+                                            device.midiInfo->states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->states_events[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                            device.midiInfo->bind_states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->velocity[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                        break;
+                                    case 0x7E: // mono mode on + poly off + all notes off
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+                                            device.midiInfo->states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->states_events[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                            device.midiInfo->bind_states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->velocity[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                        break;
+                                    case 0x7F: // poly mode on + mono off + all notes off
+                                        for (int i = 0; i < 128; i++) {
+                                            device.midiInfo->states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->states_events[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                            device.midiInfo->bind_states[channel_offset + i] = false;
+                                            device.midiInfo->velocity[channel_offset + i] = 0;
+                                        }
+                                        device.updated = true;
+                                        break;
+                                    default:
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case 0xC: // PROGRAM CHANGE
+                        break; // skipped above (!)
+                    case 0xD: // CHANNEL PRESSURE
+                        break; // skipped above (!)
+                    case 0xE: { // PITCH BENDING
+
+                        // build value
+                        uint16_t value = midi_byte1 | midi_byte2 << 7u;
+
+                        // update device
+                        if (device.midiInfo->pitch_bend != value) {
+                            device.midiInfo->pitch_bend = value;
+                            device.updated = true;
+                        }
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case 0xF: // SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE
+                        break; // skipped above (!)
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+
+                // don't iterate through the other devices
+                break;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case MIM_LONGDATA:
+        case MIM_ERROR:
+        case MIM_LONGERROR:
+            break;
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_updated) {
+
+    // check if output is enabled
+    if (!device->output_enabled) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // check if output is pending
+    if (only_updated && !device->output_pending) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // lock device
+    device->mutex_out->lock();
+
+    // mark device as updated
+    device->output_pending = false;
+
+    // check device type
+    switch (device->type) {
+        case HID: {
+
+            // get HID info
+            auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+
+            // check handle
+            if (hid->handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // check driver
+            switch (hid->driver) {
+                case HIDDriver::Default: {
+
+                    // allocate report
+                    CHAR *report_data = new CHAR[hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength] {};
+
+                    // set buttons
+                    for (size_t cap_no = 0; cap_no < hid->button_output_caps_list.size(); cap_no++) {
+                        auto &button_cap = hid->button_output_caps_list[cap_no];
+                        auto &button_state_list = hid->button_output_states[cap_no];
+
+                        // determine which buttons to turn on
+                        std::vector<USAGE> usage_list;
+                        std::vector<USAGE> usage_off_list;
+                        usage_list.reserve(button_state_list.size());
+                        usage_off_list.reserve(button_state_list.size());
+                        for (size_t state_no = 0; state_no < button_state_list.size(); state_no++) {
+                            if (button_state_list[state_no]) {
+                                usage_list.push_back(button_cap.Range.UsageMin + (USAGE) state_no);
+                            } else {
+                                usage_off_list.push_back(button_cap.Range.UsageMin + (USAGE) state_no);
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // set the buttons
+                        auto usage_list_length = (ULONG) usage_list.size();
+                        while (HidP_SetButtons(
+                                       HidP_Output,
+                                       button_cap.UsagePage,
+                                       button_cap.LinkCollection,
+                                       &usage_list[0],
+                                       &usage_list_length,
+                                       reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(hid->preparsed_data.get()),
+                                       report_data,
+                                       hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength) == HIDP_STATUS_INCOMPATIBLE_REPORT_ID) {
+
+                            // flush report
+                            HidD_SetOutputReport(hid->handle, report_data, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                            memset(report_data, 0, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                        }
+
+                        // clear the buttons
+                        auto usage_off_list_length = (ULONG) usage_off_list.size();
+                        while (HidP_UnsetButtons(
+                                       HidP_Output,
+                                       button_cap.UsagePage,
+                                       button_cap.LinkCollection,
+                                       &usage_off_list[0],
+                                       &usage_off_list_length,
+                                       reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(hid->preparsed_data.get()),
+                                       report_data,
+                                       hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength) == HIDP_STATUS_INCOMPATIBLE_REPORT_ID) {
+
+                            // flush report
+                            DWORD written_bytes = 0;
+                            WriteFile(
+                                    hid->handle,
+                                    reinterpret_cast<void *>(report_data),
+                                    hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength,
+                                    &written_bytes,
+                                    nullptr
+                            );
+                            memset(report_data, 0, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // set values
+                    for (size_t cap_no = 0; cap_no < hid->value_output_caps_list.size(); cap_no++) {
+                        auto &value_cap = hid->value_output_caps_list[cap_no];
+                        auto &value_state = hid->value_output_states[cap_no];
+
+                        // adjust output value per "brightness" setting
+                        auto adjusted_value_state = value_state * HID_LIGHT_BRIGHTNESS / 100;
+
+                        // build value
+                        LONG usage_value = value_cap.LogicalMin +
+                                           lroundf((value_cap.LogicalMax - value_cap.LogicalMin) * adjusted_value_state);
+                        if (usage_value > value_cap.LogicalMax) {
+                            usage_value = value_cap.LogicalMax;
+                        } else if (usage_value < value_cap.LogicalMin) {
+                            usage_value = value_cap.LogicalMin;
+                        }
+
+                        // set the state
+                        while (HidP_SetUsageValue(
+                                HidP_Output,
+                                value_cap.UsagePage,
+                                value_cap.LinkCollection,
+                                value_cap.NotRange.Usage,
+                                static_cast<ULONG>(usage_value),
+                                reinterpret_cast<PHIDP_PREPARSED_DATA>(hid->preparsed_data.get()),
+                                report_data,
+                                hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength) == HIDP_STATUS_INCOMPATIBLE_REPORT_ID) {
+
+                            // flush report
+                            DWORD written_bytes = 0;
+                            WriteFile(
+                                    hid->handle,
+                                    reinterpret_cast<void *>(report_data),
+                                    hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength,
+                                    &written_bytes,
+                                    nullptr
+                            );
+                            memset(report_data, 0, hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // MiniMaid Madness
+                    if (hid->attributes.VendorID == 0xBEEF && hid->attributes.ProductID == 0x5730) {
+                        if (hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength >= 8) {
+                            /*
+                             * MiniMaid HID Index Positions:
+                             * 0: HID Report ID
+                             * 1: EXT Values
+                             * 2: Cabinet
+                             * 3: Player 1
+                             * 4: Player 2
+                             * 5: Bass
+                             * 6: Onboard LED Brightness
+                             * 7: Keyboard Enable
+                             * 8: Unused 'hax' variable
+                             */
+
+                            // put pads in proper mode
+                            // bit 4 high is pad enable.
+                            report_data[3] |= 0x10u; // P1
+                            report_data[4] |= 0x10u; // P2
+
+                            // enable keyboard flag
+                            report_data[7] |= 0x01u;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // write final report
+                    DWORD written_bytes = 0;
+                    WriteFile(
+                            hid->handle,
+                            reinterpret_cast<void *>(report_data),
+                            hid->caps.OutputReportByteLength,
+                            &written_bytes,
+                            nullptr
+                    );
+
+                    // delete report
+                    delete[] report_data;
+
+                    break;
+                }
+                case HIDDriver::PacDrive: {
+
+                    // allocate report
+                    uint8_t report_data[5] {};
+
+                    // set leds
+                    static const size_t mapping[] = {
+                            8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15,
+                            0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
+                    };
+                    auto led_data = (uint16_t *) &report_data[3];
+                    size_t count = 0;
+                    for (auto &button_output_states : hid->button_output_states) {
+                        for (auto &&button_output_state : button_output_states) {
+                            if (button_output_state) {
+                                *led_data |= 1u << mapping[count];
+                            }
+                            count++;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // write report
+                    DWORD written_bytes = 0;
+                    WriteFile(
+                            hid->handle,
+                            static_cast<void *>(&report_data),
+                            sizeof(report_data),
+                            &written_bytes,
+                            nullptr
+                    );
+
+                    break;
+                }
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case SEXTET_OUTPUT: {
+            device->sextetInfo->push_light_state();
+            break;
+        }
+        case SMX_STAGE: {
+            device->smxstageInfo->Update();
+            break;
+        };
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+
+    // unlock device
+    device->mutex_out->unlock();
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_flush_output(bool optimized) {
+
+    // optimized routine
+    if (optimized) {
+
+        // notify thread
+        output_thread_ready = true;
+        output_thread_cv.notify_one();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // blocking routine
+    for (auto &device : this->devices) {
+
+        // write output
+        device_write_output(&device, false);
+    }
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_print() {
+
+    bool touchscreen_found = false;
+
+    // iterate devices
+    log_info("rawinput", "printing list of detected devices");
+    log_info("rawinput", "detected device count: {}", devices.size());
+    for (auto &device : devices) {
+        bool is_touchscreen = false;
+
+        // lock it
+        device.mutex->lock();
+
+        // general information
+        log_misc("rawinput", "device name: {}", device.name);
+        log_misc("rawinput", "device desc: {}", device.desc);
+        log_misc("rawinput", "device handle: {}", device.handle);
+
+        // type specific
+        switch (device.type) {
+            case MOUSE:
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device type: MOUSE");
+                break;
+            case KEYBOARD:
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device type: KEYBOARD");
+                break;
+            case HID: {
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device type: HID");
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device preparsed size: {}", device.hidInfo->preparsed_size);
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device usage: {}", device.hidInfo->usage_name);
+
+                // check touchscreen
+                if (device.hidInfo->touch.valid) {
+                    log_info("rawinput", "device is marked as touchscreen");
+                    if (!touchscreen_found) {
+                        touchscreen_found = true;
+                        is_touchscreen = true;
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // button caps
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device button caps count: {}",
+                        device.hidInfo->button_caps_list.size());
+                int button_name_index = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < device.hidInfo->button_caps_list.size(); i++) {
+                    auto &button_caps = device.hidInfo->button_caps_list[i];
+                    USAGE usage_min = button_caps.Range.UsageMin;
+                    USAGE usage_max = button_caps.Range.UsageMax;
+                    int cap_len = usage_max - usage_min;
+                    auto &name1 = device.hidInfo->button_caps_names[button_name_index];
+                    auto &name2 = device.hidInfo->button_caps_names[button_name_index + cap_len];
+                    button_name_index += cap_len + 1;
+                    log_misc("rawinput", "device button caps detected: {} to {} ({}-{})",
+                            name1, name2, usage_min, usage_max);
+                }
+
+                // button output caps
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device button output caps count: {}",
+                        device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_list.size());
+                int button_output_name_index = 0;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_list.size(); i++) {
+                    auto &button_caps = device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_list[i];
+                    USAGE usage_min = button_caps.Range.UsageMin;
+                    USAGE usage_max = button_caps.Range.UsageMax;
+                    int cap_len = usage_max - usage_min;
+                    auto &name1 = device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_names[button_output_name_index];
+                    auto &name2 = device.hidInfo->button_output_caps_names[button_output_name_index + cap_len];
+                    button_output_name_index += cap_len + 1;
+                    log_misc("rawinput", "device button output caps detected: {} to {} ({}-{})",
+                            name1, name2, usage_min, usage_max);
+                }
+
+                // value caps
+                if (!device.hidInfo->value_caps_list.empty()) {
+                    log_misc("rawinput", "device value caps count: {}",
+                            device.hidInfo->value_caps_list.size());
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < device.hidInfo->value_caps_list.size(); i++) {
+                        auto &value_caps = device.hidInfo->value_caps_list[i];
+                        if (device.hidInfo->value_caps_names.size() < i) {
+                            log_fatal("rawinput", "value cap has no name!");
+                        }
+                        auto &name = device.hidInfo->value_caps_names[i];
+                        LONG min = value_caps.LogicalMin;
+                        LONG max = value_caps.LogicalMax;
+                        log_misc("rawinput", "device value caps detected: {} ({} to {}, {}-bit)",
+                                name, min, max, value_caps.BitSize);
+
+                        if (name.compare("X") == 0 && is_touchscreen) {
+                            TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_X = max;
+                        } else if (name.compare("Y") == 0 && is_touchscreen) {
+                            TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_Y = max;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // value output caps
+                if (!device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_list.empty()) {
+                    log_misc("rawinput", "device value output caps count: {}",
+                            device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_list.size());
+                    for (size_t i = 0; i < device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_list.size(); i++) {
+                        auto &value_caps = device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_list[i];
+                        if (device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_names.size() < i) {
+                            log_fatal("rawinput", "value output cap has no name!");
+                        }
+                        auto &name = device.hidInfo->value_output_caps_names[i];
+                        LONG min = value_caps.LogicalMin;
+                        LONG max = value_caps.LogicalMax;
+                        log_misc("rawinput", "device value output caps detected: {} ({} to {}, {}-bit)",
+                                name, min, max, value_caps.BitSize);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            case MIDI: {
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device type: MIDI");
+                break;
+            }
+            case SEXTET_OUTPUT: {
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device type: SEXTET_OUTPUT");
+                break;
+            }
+            case PIUIO_DEVICE: {
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device type: PIUIO");
+                break;
+            }
+            case SMX_STAGE: {
+                log_misc("rawinput", "device type: SMX_STAGE");
+                break;
+            };
+            case UNKNOWN:
+            default:
+                log_warning("rawinput", "device type: UNKNOWN");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        // unlock device
+        device.mutex->unlock();
+    }
+
+    // mark as done
+    log_misc("rawinput", "done printing devices");
+}
+
+rawinput::DeviceInfo rawinput::RawInputManager::get_device_info(const std::string &device_name) {
+    DeviceInfo info {};
+
+    // check device name
+    if (device_name.size() < 16) {
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    // remove header
+    auto name = device_name.substr(4);
+
+    // split
+    std::vector<std::string> elements;
+    strsplit(name, elements, '#');
+
+    // check split
+    if (elements.size() < 4) {
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    // fill out fields
+    info.devclass = elements[0];
+    info.subclass = elements[1];
+    info.protocol = elements[2];
+    info.guid_str = elements[3];
+
+    // generate GUID
+    std::wstring guid_wstr = s2ws(info.guid_str);
+    if (IIDFromString(guid_wstr.c_str(), &info.guid) != S_OK) {
+        return info;
+    }
+
+    return info;
+}
+
+rawinput::Device *rawinput::RawInputManager::devices_get(const std::string &name, bool updated) {
+
+    // if the device name is empty, we do not even have to look for it
+    if (name.empty()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // check if caller wants only updated devices
+    if (updated) {
+
+        // iterate the devices
+        for (auto &device : this->devices) {
+
+            // check if the device names match
+            if (device.name == name) {
+
+                // lock the device since we are messing with updated
+                device.mutex->lock();
+
+                // was the device updated?
+                if (device.updated) {
+
+                    // next call shouldn't trigger
+                    device.updated = false;
+
+                    // unlock the device
+                    device.mutex->unlock();
+
+                    // return the device
+                    return &device;
+
+                } else {
+
+                    // unlock the device again
+                    device.mutex->unlock();
+
+                    // return null since the device wasn't updated
+                    return nullptr;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+    } else {
+
+        // just the usual "lookup by name"
+        for (auto &device : this->devices) {
+            if (device.name == name) {
+                return &device;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // device not found
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::add_callback_add(void *data, std::function<void (void *, Device *)> callback) {
+    this->callback_add.push_back(DeviceCallback {
+            .data = data,
+            .f = std::move(callback),
+    });
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::remove_callback_add(void *data, const std::function<void (void *, Device *)> &callback) {
+    this->callback_add.erase(std::remove_if(
+            this->callback_add.begin(), this->callback_add.end(),
+            [data, callback](DeviceCallback const &cb) {
+                return cb.data == data && cb.f.target<void>() == callback.target<void>();
+            }), this->callback_add.end());
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::add_callback_change(void *data, std::function<void (void *, Device *)> callback) {
+    this->callback_change.push_back(DeviceCallback {
+            .data = data,
+            .f = std::move(callback),
+    });
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::remove_callback_change(void * data, const std::function<void (void *, Device *)> &callback) {
+    this->callback_change.erase(std::remove_if(
+            this->callback_change.begin(), this->callback_change.end(),
+            [data, callback](DeviceCallback const &cb) {
+                return cb.data == data && cb.f.target<void>() == callback.target<void>();
+            }), this->callback_change.end());
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::add_callback_midi(void * data, std::function<void (void *, Device *,
+        uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t)> callback) {
+    this->callback_midi.push_back(MidiCallback {
+            .data = data,
+            .f = std::move(callback),
+    });
+}
+
+void rawinput::RawInputManager::remove_callback_midi(void * data, const std::function<void (void *, Device *,
+        uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t)> &callback) {
+    this->callback_midi.erase(std::remove_if(
+            this->callback_midi.begin(), this->callback_midi.end(),
+            [data, callback](MidiCallback const &cb) {
+                return cb.data == data && cb.f.target<void>() == callback.target<void>();
+            }), this->callback_midi.end());
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/rawinput.h b/rawinput/rawinput.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ddff4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/rawinput.h
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <thread>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <mmsystem.h>
+
+#include "device.h"
+#include "hotplug.h"
+
+namespace rawinput {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool NOLEGACY;
+
+    extern uint8_t HID_LIGHT_BRIGHTNESS;
+
+    extern bool ENABLE_SMX_STAGE;
+
+    extern int TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_X;
+    extern int TOUCHSCREEN_RANGE_Y;
+
+    struct DeviceCallback {
+        void *data;
+        std::function<void(void*, Device*)> f;
+    };
+    struct MidiCallback {
+        void *data;
+        std::function<void(void*, Device*, uint8_t cmd, uint8_t ch, uint8_t b1, uint8_t b2)> f;
+    };
+
+    class RawInputManager {
+    private:
+
+        HotplugManager *hotplug;
+        std::vector<Device> devices;
+        HWND input_hwnd = nullptr;
+        WNDCLASSEX input_hwnd_class {};
+        std::thread *input_thread = nullptr;
+        std::thread *flush_thread = nullptr;
+        bool flush_thread_running = false;
+        std::thread *output_thread = nullptr;
+        std::mutex output_thread_m;
+        bool output_thread_ready = false;
+        bool output_thread_running = false;
+        std::condition_variable output_thread_cv;
+        std::vector<DeviceCallback> callback_add;
+        std::vector<DeviceCallback> callback_change;
+        std::vector<MidiCallback> callback_midi;
+
+        void input_hwnd_create();
+        void input_hwnd_destroy();
+        void devices_reload();
+        void devices_scan_rawinput(RAWINPUTDEVICELIST *device, bool log = true);
+        void devices_scan_piuio();
+        void devices_scan_smxstage();
+        void devices_destruct();
+        void devices_destruct(Device *device, bool log = true);
+        void flush_start();
+        void flush_stop();
+        void output_start();
+        void output_stop();
+
+        static std::string rawinput_get_device_name(HANDLE hDevice);
+        static std::string rawinput_get_device_description(const DeviceInfo& info, const std::string &device_name);
+
+        static LRESULT CALLBACK input_wnd_proc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
+        static void CALLBACK input_midi_proc(HMIDIIN, UINT, DWORD_PTR, DWORD_PTR, DWORD_PTR);
+        static DeviceInfo get_device_info(const std::string &device_name);
+
+    public:
+
+        RawInputManager();
+        ~RawInputManager();
+
+        void stop();
+
+        void sextet_register(
+                const std::string &port_name,
+                const std::string &alias = "Sextet",
+                bool warn = true);
+
+        void devices_scan_rawinput(const std::string &device_name = "");
+        void devices_scan_midi();
+        void devices_remove(const std::string &name);
+
+        void devices_register();
+        void devices_unregister();
+
+        static void device_write_output(Device *device, bool only_updated = true);
+        void devices_flush_output(bool optimized = true);
+
+        void __stdcall devices_print();
+        Device *devices_get(const std::string &name, bool updated = false);
+
+        inline std::vector<Device> &devices_get() {
+            return devices;
+        }
+
+        inline std::vector<Device *> devices_get_updated() {
+            std::vector<Device *> updated;
+            for (auto &device : devices_get()) {
+                device.mutex->lock();
+                if (device.updated) {
+                    device.updated = false;
+                    device.mutex->unlock();
+                    updated.emplace_back(&device);
+                } else {
+                    device.mutex->unlock();
+                }
+            }
+            return updated;
+        }
+
+        inline void devices_midi_freeze(bool freeze) {
+            for (auto &device : devices_get()) {
+                if (device.type == MIDI) {
+                    device.midiInfo->freeze = freeze;
+                    if (!freeze) {
+                        for (unsigned short index = 0; index < 16 * 128; index++) {
+                            device.midiInfo->states[index] = false;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        void add_callback_add(void *data, std::function<void(void *, Device *)> callback);
+        void remove_callback_add(void *data, const std::function<void(void *, Device *)> &callback);
+        void add_callback_change(void *data, std::function<void(void *, Device *)> callback);
+        void remove_callback_change(void *data, const std::function<void(void *, Device *)>& callback);
+        void add_callback_midi(void *data, std::function<void(void *, Device *,
+                uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t)> callback);
+        void remove_callback_midi(void *data, const std::function<void(void *, Device *,
+                uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t, uint8_t)>& callback);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/sextet.cpp b/rawinput/sextet.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f4552fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/sextet.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+#include "sextet.h"
+#include <cstring>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <string>
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+using namespace std;
+
+
+const string rawinput::SextetDevice::LIGHT_NAMES[LIGHT_COUNT] = {
+    "Neon",
+
+    "P1 Halogen Upper",
+    "P1 Halogen Lower",
+    "P2 Halogen Upper",
+    "P2 Halogen Lower",
+
+    "P1 Button",
+    "P2 Button",
+
+    "P1 Foot Up",
+    "P1 Foot Down",
+    "P1 Foot Left",
+    "P1 Foot Right",
+
+    "P2 Foot Up",
+    "P2 Foot Down",
+    "P2 Foot Left",
+    "P2 Foot Right"
+};
+
+inline void rawinput::SextetDevice::fill_packet(uint8_t *buffer, bool *light_state) {
+
+    /*
+     * Refer to this doucment for more info
+     * https://github.com/stepmania/stepmania/blob/master/src/arch/Lights/LightsDriver_SextetStream.md#bit-meanings
+     */
+
+    buffer[0] = 0xC0 | (uint8_t) (
+        (light_state[SextetLights::BASS_NEON] << 5) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::BASS_NEON] << 4) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::MARQUEE_P2_LOWER] << 3) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::MARQUEE_P1_LOWER] << 2) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::MARQUEE_P2_UPPER] << 1) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::MARQUEE_P1_UPPER] << 0)
+    );
+
+    buffer[1] = 0xC0 | (uint8_t) (
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P1_MENU] << 5) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P1_MENU] << 4)
+    );
+
+    buffer[2] = 0xC0;
+
+    buffer[3] = 0xC0 | (uint8_t) (
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P1_DOWN] << 3) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P1_UP] << 2) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P1_RIGHT] << 1) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P1_LEFT] << 0)
+    );
+
+    buffer[4] = 0xC0;
+    buffer[5] = 0xC0;
+    buffer[6] = 0xC0;
+
+    buffer[7] = 0xC0 | (uint8_t) (
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P2_MENU] << 5) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P2_MENU] << 4)
+    );
+
+    buffer[8] = 0xC0;
+
+    buffer[9] = 0xC0 | (uint8_t) (
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P2_DOWN] << 3) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P2_UP] << 2) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P2_RIGHT] << 1) |
+        (light_state[SextetLights::P2_LEFT] << 0)
+    );
+
+    buffer[10] = 0xC0;
+    buffer[11] = 0xC0;
+    buffer[12] = 0xC0;
+
+    // terminate with LF
+    buffer[13] = '\n';
+}
+
+rawinput::SextetDevice::SextetDevice(std::string device_name) {
+    this->device_name = device_name;
+    is_connected = false;
+    all_off();
+}
+
+rawinput::SextetDevice::~SextetDevice() {
+    disconnect();
+}
+
+void rawinput::SextetDevice::set_all(bool state) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < LIGHT_COUNT; i++)
+        light_state[i] = state;
+}
+
+void rawinput::SextetDevice::all_on() {
+    set_all(true);
+}
+
+void rawinput::SextetDevice::all_off() {
+    set_all(false);
+}
+
+bool rawinput::SextetDevice::connect() {
+
+    // open device
+    device = CreateFileA(
+            this->device_name.c_str(),
+            GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+            0,
+            0,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
+            0
+    );
+
+    // check device
+    if (device == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
+        return false;
+
+    // get comm state
+    DCB dcb;
+    SecureZeroMemory(&dcb, sizeof(DCB));
+    dcb.DCBlength = sizeof(DCB);
+    if (!GetCommState(device, &dcb)) {
+        log_warning("sextet", "GetCommState failed: 0x{:08x}", GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // set comm state
+    dcb.BaudRate = 115200;
+    dcb.ByteSize = 8;
+    dcb.Parity = NOPARITY;
+    dcb.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
+    if (!SetCommState(device, &dcb)) {
+        log_warning("sextet", "SetCommState failed: 0x{:08x}", GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // success
+    is_connected = true;
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool rawinput::SextetDevice::disconnect() {
+    return CloseHandle(device);
+}
+
+bool rawinput::SextetDevice::push_light_state() {
+
+    // build packet
+    uint8_t buffer[FULL_SEXTET_COUNT];
+    this->fill_packet(&(buffer[0]), &(light_state[0]));
+
+    // write data to device
+    DWORD bytes_written;
+    WriteFile(
+            device,
+            buffer,
+            FULL_SEXTET_COUNT,
+            &bytes_written,
+            NULL
+    );
+
+    // verify written bytes count
+    return bytes_written == FULL_SEXTET_COUNT;
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/sextet.h b/rawinput/sextet.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb4ec09
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/sextet.h
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace rawinput {
+
+    namespace SextetLights {
+        enum {
+            BASS_NEON = 0,
+
+            MARQUEE_P1_UPPER,
+            MARQUEE_P1_LOWER,
+            MARQUEE_P2_UPPER,
+            MARQUEE_P2_LOWER,
+
+            P1_MENU,
+            P2_MENU,
+
+            P1_UP,
+            P1_DOWN,
+            P1_LEFT,
+            P1_RIGHT,
+
+            P2_UP,
+            P2_DOWN,
+            P2_LEFT,
+            P2_RIGHT
+        };
+    }
+
+    class SextetDevice {
+    private:
+
+        // COM port handle
+        std::string device_name;
+        HANDLE device;
+
+        // number of bytes to contain the full sextet pack and a trailing LF
+        static const size_t FULL_SEXTET_COUNT = 14;
+
+        void set_all(bool state);
+        void fill_packet(uint8_t *buffer, bool *light_state);
+
+    public:
+
+        // only 15 lights are used on SD DDR Cabinets.
+        static const int LIGHT_COUNT = 15;
+        static const std::string LIGHT_NAMES[];
+
+        // state
+        bool is_connected;
+        bool light_state[LIGHT_COUNT];
+
+        SextetDevice(std::string device_name);
+        ~SextetDevice();
+
+        bool connect();
+        bool disconnect();
+
+        bool push_light_state();
+
+        void all_on();
+        void all_off();
+    };
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/smxstage.cpp b/rawinput/smxstage.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c67407
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/smxstage.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#include "smxstage.h"
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#include <SMX.h>
+#include <fmt/format.h>
+
+namespace {
+    static const std::string PANEL_NAMES[] = {
+        "Top-Left", "Top-Center", "Top-Right",
+        "Middle-Left", "Middle-Center", "Middle-Right",
+        "Bottom-Left", "Bottom-Center", "Bottom-Right"
+    };
+
+    void NullSmxCallback(int pad, SMXUpdateCallbackReason reason, void *pUser) {
+    }
+}
+
+namespace rawinput {
+    std::string SmxStageDevice::GetLightNameByIndex(size_t index) {
+        const size_t subpixel = index%3;
+        const size_t panel = (index/3)%PANEL_COUNT;
+        const size_t pad = (index/3)/PANEL_COUNT;
+
+        switch (subpixel) {
+            case 0: return fmt::format("Pad {} Panel {} Red", pad+1, PANEL_NAMES[panel]);
+            case 1: return fmt::format("Pad {} Panel {} Green", pad+1, PANEL_NAMES[panel]);
+            case 2: return fmt::format("Pad {} Panel {} Blue", pad+1, PANEL_NAMES[panel]);
+        }
+
+        return "StepmaniaX invalid index";
+    }
+
+    SmxStageDevice::SmxStageDevice() :
+        m_lightData(TOTAL_LIGHT_COUNT*LEDS_PER_PAD),
+        m_lightDataMutex()
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool SmxStageDevice::Initialize() {
+        SMX_Start(&NullSmxCallback, nullptr);
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void SmxStageDevice::SetLightByIndex(size_t index, uint8_t value) {
+        const size_t subpixel = index%3;
+        const size_t panel = (index/3)%PANEL_COUNT;
+        const size_t pad = (index/3)/PANEL_COUNT;
+
+        m_lightDataMutex.lock();
+        for(size_t i = 0; i < LEDS_PER_PAD; ++i) {
+            m_lightData[(pad*PANEL_COUNT*LEDS_PER_PAD*3)+(panel*LEDS_PER_PAD*3)+(i*3)+subpixel] = value;
+        }
+        m_lightDataMutex.unlock();
+    }
+
+    void SmxStageDevice::Update() {
+        m_lightDataMutex.lock();
+        SMX_SetLights2(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(&m_lightData[0]), m_lightData.size());
+        m_lightDataMutex.unlock();
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rawinput/smxstage.h b/rawinput/smxstage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4f5dd8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/smxstage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+#include <mutex>
+
+namespace rawinput {
+    class SmxStageDevice {
+    public:
+        static constexpr int PAD_COUNT = 2;
+        static constexpr int PANEL_COUNT = 9;
+        static constexpr int LEDS_PER_PAD = 25;
+        static constexpr int TOTAL_LIGHT_COUNT = PAD_COUNT*PANEL_COUNT*3;
+
+        static inline size_t GetPanelIndexR(size_t pad, size_t panel) {return ((pad*PANEL_COUNT)+panel)*3 + 0;};
+        static inline size_t GetPanelIndexG(size_t pad, size_t panel) {return ((pad*PANEL_COUNT)+panel)*3 + 1;};
+        static inline size_t GetPanelIndexB(size_t pad, size_t panel) {return ((pad*PANEL_COUNT)+panel)*3 + 2;};
+
+        static std::string GetLightNameByIndex(size_t index);
+
+        SmxStageDevice();
+        bool Initialize();
+        void SetLightByIndex(size_t index, uint8_t value);
+        void Update();
+    private:
+        std::vector<uint8_t> m_lightData;
+        std::mutex m_lightDataMutex;
+    };
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rawinput/touch.cpp b/rawinput/touch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7b7ac70
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/touch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,567 @@
+#include "touch.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <versionhelpers.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+// std::min
+#ifdef min
+#undef min
+#endif
+
+// std::max
+#ifdef max
+#undef max
+#endif
+
+namespace rawinput::touch {
+
+    // settings
+    bool DISABLED = false;
+    bool INVERTED = false;
+
+    // state
+    static bool DISPLAY_INITIALIZED = false;
+    static DWORD DISPLAY_ORIENTATION = DMDO_DEFAULT;
+    static long DISPLAY_SIZE_X = 1920L;
+    static long DISPLAY_SIZE_Y = 1080L;
+
+    bool is_touchscreen(Device *device) {
+
+        // check if disabled
+        if (DISABLED) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check device type
+        if (device->type != HID) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        auto *hid = device->hidInfo;
+        auto &attributes = hid->attributes;
+
+        // filter by VID/PID
+        if (attributes.VendorID > 0) {
+
+            // P2418HT
+            // touch points apparently aren't released and will stay
+            if (attributes.VendorID == 0x1FD2 && attributes.ProductID == 0x6103) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // ignore the "Touch Pad" (0x05) usage under the "Digitizers" (0x0d) usage page
+        if (hid->caps.UsagePage == 0x0d && hid->caps.Usage == 0x05) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check description
+        if (device->desc == "HID-compliant touch screen") {
+            // TODO: this only works on english OS (?)
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        // we can also check if there's touch point values inside
+        for (const auto &value_name : hid->value_caps_names) {
+            if (value_name == "Contact identifier") {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // nope this one probably not
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void enable(Device *device) {
+        if (device->type == HID) {
+            device->hidInfo->touch.valid = true;
+            log_info("rawinput", "enabled touchscreen device: {} ({})", device->desc, device->name);
+        } else {
+            log_fatal("rawinput", "tried to enable touch functionality on non HID device");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void disable(Device *device) {
+        if (device->type == HID) {
+            device->hidInfo->touch.valid = false;
+            log_info("rawinput", "disabled touchscreen device: {} ({})", device->desc, device->name);
+        } else
+            log_fatal("rawinput", "tried to disable touch functionality on non HID device");
+    }
+
+    void update_input(Device *device) {
+
+        // check type
+        if (device->type != HID) {
+            log_fatal("rawinput", "touch update called on non HID device");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get touch info
+        auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+        auto &touch = hid->touch;
+        if (!touch.valid) {
+
+            // not a registered touchscreen
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // parse elements
+        if (!touch.parsed_elements) {
+            log_info("rawinput", "parsing touch elements");
+
+            // clear lists first
+            touch.elements_contact_count.clear();
+            touch.elements_contact_identifier.clear();
+            touch.elements_x.clear();
+            touch.elements_y.clear();
+            touch.elements_width.clear();
+            touch.elements_height.clear();
+            touch.elements_pressed.clear();
+            touch.elements_pressure.clear();
+
+            // get value indices
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int) hid->value_caps_names.size(); i++) {
+                auto &name = hid->value_caps_names[i];
+                if (name == "Contact count") {
+                    touch.elements_contact_count.push_back(i);
+                } else if (name == "X") {
+                    touch.elements_x.push_back(i);
+                } else if (name == "Y") {
+                    touch.elements_y.push_back(i);
+                } else if (name == "Width") {
+                    touch.elements_width.push_back(i);
+                } else if (name == "Height") {
+                    touch.elements_height.push_back(i);
+                } else if (name == "Contact identifier") {
+                    touch.elements_contact_identifier.push_back(i);
+                } else if (name == "Pressure") {
+                    touch.elements_pressure.push_back(i);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // get button indices
+            for (int i = 0; i < (int) hid->button_caps_names.size(); i++) {
+                auto &name = hid->button_caps_names[i];
+                if (name == "Tip Switch") {
+                    touch.elements_pressed.push_back(i);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check sizes
+            auto touch_size = touch.elements_contact_identifier.size();
+            if (touch_size != touch.elements_x.size() ||
+                touch_size != touch.elements_y.size() ||
+                touch_size != touch.elements_pressed.size())
+            {
+                log_info("rawinput", "touch element size mismatch: {}:contacts, {}:x, {}:y, {}:pressed",
+                         touch.elements_contact_identifier.size(),
+                         touch.elements_x.size(),
+                         touch.elements_y.size(),
+                         touch.elements_pressed.size());
+                disable(device);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // mark as parsed
+            touch.parsed_elements = true;
+            log_info("rawinput", "touch elements parsed: {} status fields", touch.elements_x.size());
+        }
+
+        // check if display is initialized
+        if (!DISPLAY_INITIALIZED) {
+            display_update();
+        }
+
+        // update timeouts here as well so events are in the right order
+        update_timeouts(device);
+
+        // determine the number of touches contained in this report, defaulting to the size of `elements_x`
+        size_t touch_report_count = touch.elements_x.size();
+        if (!touch.elements_contact_count.empty()) {
+
+            // support devices that have multiple "Contact count" fields, for some reason
+            size_t contact_count = 0;
+            for (auto &index : touch.elements_contact_count) {
+                contact_count = std::max(contact_count, (size_t) hid->value_states_raw[index]);
+            }
+
+            // hybrid mode devices will report a contact count of 0 for subsequent reports that are
+            // part of the same initial frame
+            if (contact_count > 0) {
+                if (contact_count > touch_report_count) {
+                    touch.remaining_contact_count = contact_count - touch_report_count;
+                } else {
+                    touch_report_count = contact_count;
+                    touch.remaining_contact_count = 0;
+                }
+            } else if (touch.remaining_contact_count > 0) {
+                if (touch.remaining_contact_count > touch_report_count) {
+                    touch.remaining_contact_count -= touch_report_count;
+                } else {
+                    touch_report_count = touch.remaining_contact_count;
+                    touch.remaining_contact_count = 0;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // iterate all input data and get touch points
+        std::vector<HIDTouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_points.reserve(touch.elements_x.size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < touch.elements_x.size(); i++) {
+
+            // build touch point
+            HIDTouchPoint hid_tp{};
+            auto pos_x = hid->value_states[touch.elements_x[i]];
+            auto pos_y = hid->value_states[touch.elements_y[i]];
+            switch (DISPLAY_ORIENTATION) {
+                case DMDO_DEFAULT:
+                    hid_tp.x = pos_x;
+                    hid_tp.y = pos_y;
+                    break;
+                case DMDO_90:
+                    hid_tp.x = 1.f - pos_y;
+                    hid_tp.y = pos_x;
+                    break;
+                case DMDO_180:
+                    hid_tp.x = 1.f - pos_x;
+                    hid_tp.y = 1.f - pos_y;
+                    break;
+                case DMDO_270:
+                    hid_tp.x = pos_y;
+                    hid_tp.y = 1.f - pos_x;
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // optionally invert
+            if (INVERTED) {
+                hid_tp.x = 1.f - hid_tp.x;
+                hid_tp.y = 1.f - hid_tp.y;
+            }
+
+            // check if this touch point should be considered valid
+            //
+            // If "Contact count" reports there are no touch reports remaining and the X and Y
+            // coordinates of this touch point are zero, then this report element should be
+            // skipped.
+            if (touch_report_count == 0 && hid_tp.x == 0.f && hid_tp.y == 0.f) {
+                continue;
+            } else if (touch_report_count > 0) {
+                touch_report_count--;
+            }
+
+            // generate ID (hopefully unique)
+            hid_tp.id = (DWORD) hid->value_states_raw[touch.elements_contact_identifier[i]];
+            hid_tp.id += (DWORD) (0xFFFFFF + device->id * 512);
+
+            //std::string src = "(none)";
+
+            // check if tip switch is down
+            size_t index_pressed = touch.elements_pressed[i];
+            for (auto &button_states : hid->button_states) {
+                if (index_pressed < button_states.size()) {
+                    hid_tp.down = button_states[index_pressed];
+
+                    /*
+                    if (hid_tp.down)
+                        src = "pressed (index: " + to_string(touch.elements_pressed[i]) + ", state: " + to_string(button_states[index_pressed]) +")";
+                        */
+
+                    break;
+                } else
+                    index_pressed -= button_states.size();
+            }
+
+            // check width/height of touch point to see if pressed
+            float width = 0.f, height = 0.f;
+            if (!hid_tp.down && i < touch.elements_width.size() && i < touch.elements_height.size()) {
+                width = hid->value_states[touch.elements_width[i]];
+                height = hid->value_states[touch.elements_height[i]];
+                hid_tp.down = width > 0.f && height > 0.f;
+
+                /*
+                if (hid_tp.down)
+                    src = "width_height (width index: " + to_string(touch.elements_width[i]) + ", height index: " + to_string(touch.elements_height[i]) + ")";
+                    */
+            }
+
+            // so last thing we can check is the pressure
+            if (!hid_tp.down && i < touch.elements_pressure.size()) {
+                auto pressure = hid->value_states[touch.elements_pressure[i]];
+                hid_tp.down = pressure > 0.f;
+
+                /*
+                if (hid_tp.down)
+                    src = "pressure (index: " + to_string(touch.elements_pressure[i]) + ")";
+                    */
+            }
+
+            /*
+            log_info("rawinput",
+                "touch i: " + to_string(i) +
+                " (id: " + to_string(hid_tp.id) +
+                "), ci: " + to_string(hid->value_states_raw[touch.elements_contact_identifier[i]]) +
+                ", x: " + to_string(pos_x) +
+                ", y: " + to_string(pos_y) +
+                ", width: " + to_string(width) +
+                ", height: " + to_string(height) +
+                ", down: " + to_string(hid_tp.down) +
+                ", src: " + src);
+                */
+
+            // add to touch points
+            touch_points.emplace_back(hid_tp);
+        }
+
+        // process touch points
+        std::vector<DWORD> touch_removes;
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_writes;
+        std::vector<DWORD> touch_modifications;
+        for (auto &hid_tp : touch_points) {
+
+            // check if existing
+            auto existing = std::find_if(
+                    touch.touch_points.begin(),
+                    touch.touch_points.end(),
+                    [hid_tp] (const HIDTouchPoint &x) {
+                        return x.id == hid_tp.id;
+                    });
+
+            /*
+            ssize_t ttl = -1;
+            int64_t last_report = -1;
+            if (existing != touch.touch_points.end()) {
+                ttl = existing->ttl;
+                last_report = existing->last_report;
+            }
+
+            log_info("rawinput",
+                "id: " + to_string(hid_tp.id) +
+                ", existing: " + to_string(existing != touch.touch_points.end()) +
+                ", ttl: " + to_string(ttl) +
+                ", last_report: " + to_string(last_report) +
+                ", down: " + to_string(hid_tp.down));
+                */
+
+            // check if pressed
+            if (!hid_tp.down) {
+
+                // only remove if it exists
+                if (existing != touch.touch_points.end()) {
+
+                    // remove all touch points with this ID
+                    touch_removes.push_back(hid_tp.id);
+                    touch.touch_points.erase(std::remove_if(
+                            touch.touch_points.begin(),
+                            touch.touch_points.end(),
+                            [hid_tp] (const HIDTouchPoint &x) {
+                                return x.id == hid_tp.id;
+                            }), touch.touch_points.end());
+                }
+            } else {
+
+                // write touch point
+                TouchPoint tp {
+                        .id = hid_tp.id,
+                        .x = (long) (hid_tp.x * DISPLAY_SIZE_X),
+                        .y = (long) (hid_tp.y * DISPLAY_SIZE_Y),
+                        .mouse = false,
+                };
+                touch_writes.push_back(tp);
+                touch_modifications.push_back(hid_tp.id);
+
+                // check if existing
+                if (existing == touch.touch_points.end()) {
+
+                    // add new touch point
+                    touch.touch_points.push_back(hid_tp);
+
+                } else {
+
+                    // update existing touch point
+                    *existing = hid_tp;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // set TTL and last report time
+        if (!touch.elements_x.empty() && !touch_modifications.empty()) {
+            auto ttl = touch.touch_points.size() / touch.elements_x.size() + 1;
+            auto system_time_ms = get_system_milliseconds();
+            for (auto &hid_tp_id : touch_modifications) {
+                for (auto &hid_tp : touch.touch_points) {
+                    if (hid_tp.id == hid_tp_id) {
+                        hid_tp.ttl = ttl;
+                        hid_tp.last_report = system_time_ms;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // remove dead touch points
+        auto ttl_it = touch.touch_points.begin();
+        while (ttl_it != touch.touch_points.end()) {
+            auto &tp = *ttl_it;
+            if (tp.ttl == 0) {
+                touch_removes.push_back(tp.id);
+                ttl_it = touch.touch_points.erase(ttl_it);
+            } else {
+                tp.ttl--;
+                ttl_it++;
+            }
+        }
+
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_SPICECFG_STANDALONE
+
+        // update touch module
+        touch_remove_points(&touch_removes);
+        touch_write_points(&touch_writes);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void update_timeouts(Device *device) {
+
+        // check type
+        if (device->type != HID) {
+            log_fatal("rawinput", "touch timeout update called on non HID device");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get touch info
+        auto hid = device->hidInfo;
+        auto &touch = hid->touch;
+        if (!touch.valid) {
+            return; // not a registered touchscreen
+        }
+
+        // calculate deadline - we allow the devices 50ms of not sending shit
+        auto deadline = get_system_milliseconds() - 50;
+
+        // check touch points
+        std::vector<DWORD> touch_removes;
+        auto touch_it = touch.touch_points.begin();
+        while (touch_it != touch.touch_points.end()) {
+            auto &hid_tp = *touch_it;
+
+            // see if it's behind the deadline
+            if (hid_tp.last_report < deadline) {
+
+                // oops it's gone
+                touch_removes.push_back(hid_tp.id);
+                touch_it = touch.touch_points.erase(touch_it);
+
+            } else {
+
+                // check the next device
+                touch_it++;
+            }
+        }
+
+#ifndef SPICETOOLS_SPICECFG_STANDALONE
+
+        // remove from touch module
+        touch_remove_points(&touch_removes);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    void update_timeouts(RawInputManager *manager) {
+
+        // iterate all devices
+        for (auto &device : manager->devices_get()) {
+
+            // check if it's a valid touchscreen
+            if (device.type == HID && device.hidInfo->touch.valid) {
+
+                // lock n' load
+                device.mutex->lock();
+                update_timeouts(&device);
+                device.mutex->unlock();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool is_enabled(RawInputManager *manager) {
+
+        // check if disabled or manager is null
+        if (DISABLED || manager == nullptr)
+            return false;
+
+        // check if at least one device is marked as valid touchscreen
+        for (auto &device : manager->devices_get()) {
+            if (device.type == HID && device.hidInfo->touch.valid) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // no valid touch screen found
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void display_update() {
+
+        // check if disabled
+        if (DISABLED)
+            return;
+
+        // determine monitor size
+        static RECT display_rect;
+        GetWindowRect(GetDesktopWindow(), &display_rect);
+        DISPLAY_SIZE_X = display_rect.right - display_rect.left;
+        DISPLAY_SIZE_Y = display_rect.bottom - display_rect.top;
+        log_info("rawinput", "display size: {}x{}", (int) DISPLAY_SIZE_X, (int) DISPLAY_SIZE_Y);
+
+        // determine monitor orientation
+        DEVMODE display_mode{};
+        display_mode.dmSize = sizeof(DEVMODE);
+        if (!EnumDisplaySettingsEx(nullptr, ENUM_CURRENT_SETTINGS, &display_mode, EDS_RAWMODE)) {
+            log_info("rawinput", "failed to determine monitor mode");
+        } else if (display_mode.dmFields & DM_DISPLAYORIENTATION) {
+            DISPLAY_ORIENTATION = display_mode.dmDisplayOrientation;
+            switch (DISPLAY_ORIENTATION) {
+                case DMDO_DEFAULT:
+                    log_info("rawinput", "display rotation: 0");
+                    break;
+                case DMDO_90:
+                    log_info("rawinput", "display rotation: 90");
+                    break;
+                case DMDO_180:
+                    log_info("rawinput", "display rotation: 180");
+                    break;
+                case DMDO_270:
+                    log_info("rawinput", "display rotation: 270");
+                    break;
+                default:
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // another XP fix
+            if (!IsWindowsVistaOrGreater()) {
+                switch (DISPLAY_ORIENTATION) {
+                    case DMDO_90:
+                        DISPLAY_ORIENTATION = DMDO_180;
+                        log_info("rawinput", "flipping to 180");
+                        break;
+                    case DMDO_270:
+                        DISPLAY_ORIENTATION = DMDO_90;
+                        log_info("rawinput", "flipping to 90");
+                        break;
+                    default:
+                        break;
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            log_info("rawinput", "failed to determine monitor orientation");
+        }
+
+        // mark as initialized
+        DISPLAY_INITIALIZED = true;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/rawinput/touch.h b/rawinput/touch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a301111
--- /dev/null
+++ b/rawinput/touch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "device.h"
+#include "rawinput.h"
+
+namespace rawinput::touch {
+
+    // settings
+    extern bool DISABLED;
+    extern bool INVERTED;
+
+    bool is_touchscreen(Device *device);
+    void enable(Device *device);
+    void disable(Device *device);
+    void update_input(Device *device);
+    void update_timeouts(Device *device);
+    void update_timeouts(RawInputManager *manager);
+    bool is_enabled(RawInputManager *manager);
+    void display_update();
+}
diff --git a/reader/crypt.cpp b/reader/crypt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac2fe98
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/crypt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#include <cstring>
+#include "crypt.h"
+
+static uint16_t CRC_TABLE[256] = {
+        0x0000, 0x1021, 0x2042, 0x3063, 0x4084, 0x50a5,
+        0x60c6, 0x70e7, 0x8108, 0x9129, 0xa14a, 0xb16b,
+        0xc18c, 0xd1ad, 0xe1ce, 0xf1ef, 0x1231, 0x0210,
+        0x3273, 0x2252, 0x52b5, 0x4294, 0x72f7, 0x62d6,
+        0x9339, 0x8318, 0xb37b, 0xa35a, 0xd3bd, 0xc39c,
+        0xf3ff, 0xe3de, 0x2462, 0x3443, 0x0420, 0x1401,
+        0x64e6, 0x74c7, 0x44a4, 0x5485, 0xa56a, 0xb54b,
+        0x8528, 0x9509, 0xe5ee, 0xf5cf, 0xc5ac, 0xd58d,
+        0x3653, 0x2672, 0x1611, 0x0630, 0x76d7, 0x66f6,
+        0x5695, 0x46b4, 0xb75b, 0xa77a, 0x9719, 0x8738,
+        0xf7df, 0xe7fe, 0xd79d, 0xc7bc, 0x48c4, 0x58e5,
+        0x6886, 0x78a7, 0x0840, 0x1861, 0x2802, 0x3823,
+        0xc9cc, 0xd9ed, 0xe98e, 0xf9af, 0x8948, 0x9969,
+        0xa90a, 0xb92b, 0x5af5, 0x4ad4, 0x7ab7, 0x6a96,
+        0x1a71, 0x0a50, 0x3a33, 0x2a12, 0xdbfd, 0xcbdc,
+        0xfbbf, 0xeb9e, 0x9b79, 0x8b58, 0xbb3b, 0xab1a,
+        0x6ca6, 0x7c87, 0x4ce4, 0x5cc5, 0x2c22, 0x3c03,
+        0x0c60, 0x1c41, 0xedae, 0xfd8f, 0xcdec, 0xddcd,
+        0xad2a, 0xbd0b, 0x8d68, 0x9d49, 0x7e97, 0x6eb6,
+        0x5ed5, 0x4ef4, 0x3e13, 0x2e32, 0x1e51, 0x0e70,
+        0xff9f, 0xefbe, 0xdfdd, 0xcffc, 0xbf1b, 0xaf3a,
+        0x9f59, 0x8f78, 0x9188, 0x81a9, 0xb1ca, 0xa1eb,
+        0xd10c, 0xc12d, 0xf14e, 0xe16f, 0x1080, 0x00a1,
+        0x30c2, 0x20e3, 0x5004, 0x4025, 0x7046, 0x6067,
+        0x83b9, 0x9398, 0xa3fb, 0xb3da, 0xc33d, 0xd31c,
+        0xe37f, 0xf35e, 0x02b1, 0x1290, 0x22f3, 0x32d2,
+        0x4235, 0x5214, 0x6277, 0x7256, 0xb5ea, 0xa5cb,
+        0x95a8, 0x8589, 0xf56e, 0xe54f, 0xd52c, 0xc50d,
+        0x34e2, 0x24c3, 0x14a0, 0x0481, 0x7466, 0x6447,
+        0x5424, 0x4405, 0xa7db, 0xb7fa, 0x8799, 0x97b8,
+        0xe75f, 0xf77e, 0xc71d, 0xd73c, 0x26d3, 0x36f2,
+        0x0691, 0x16b0, 0x6657, 0x7676, 0x4615, 0x5634,
+        0xd94c, 0xc96d, 0xf90e, 0xe92f, 0x99c8, 0x89e9,
+        0xb98a, 0xa9ab, 0x5844, 0x4865, 0x7806, 0x6827,
+        0x18c0, 0x08e1, 0x3882, 0x28a3, 0xcb7d, 0xdb5c,
+        0xeb3f, 0xfb1e, 0x8bf9, 0x9bd8, 0xabbb, 0xbb9a,
+        0x4a75, 0x5a54, 0x6a37, 0x7a16, 0x0af1, 0x1ad0,
+        0x2ab3, 0x3a92, 0xfd2e, 0xed0f, 0xdd6c, 0xcd4d,
+        0xbdaa, 0xad8b, 0x9de8, 0x8dc9, 0x7c26, 0x6c07,
+        0x5c64, 0x4c45, 0x3ca2, 0x2c83, 0x1ce0, 0x0cc1,
+        0xef1f, 0xff3e, 0xcf5d, 0xdf7c, 0xaf9b, 0xbfba,
+        0x8fd9, 0x9ff8, 0x6e17, 0x7e36, 0x4e55, 0x5e74,
+        0x2e93, 0x3eb2, 0x0ed1, 0x1ef0
+};
+
+Crypt::Crypt() {
+    memset(this->keys, 0, sizeof(uint32_t) * 4);
+}
+
+void Crypt::set_keys(uint32_t reader_key, uint32_t game_key) {
+    this->keys[0] = reader_key ^ 0x5491333;
+    this->keys[1] = game_key ^ 0x1F123BB5;
+    this->keys[2] = reader_key ^ 0x159A55E5;
+    this->keys[3] = game_key ^ 0x75BCD15;
+}
+
+void Crypt::crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++) {
+
+        // shift keys
+        int low = (int) i & 3;
+        if (low == 0) {
+            uint32_t key_new = (this->keys[3] << 11) ^ this->keys[3];
+            this->keys[3] = this->keys[2];
+            this->keys[2] = this->keys[1];
+            this->keys[1] = this->keys[0];
+            this->keys[0] = ((((this->keys[0] >> 11) ^ key_new) >> 8) ^ key_new ^ this->keys[0]);
+        }
+
+        // process data
+        data[i] = (uint8_t) (this->keys[0] >> (((3 - low) << 3)) ^ data[i]);
+    }
+}
+
+uint16_t Crypt::crc(const uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+    uint16_t crc = 0;
+    for (size_t x = 0; x < len; x++) {
+        crc = CRC_TABLE[data[x] ^ (uint8_t) (crc >> 8)] ^ (crc << 8);
+    }
+    return crc;
+}
diff --git a/reader/crypt.h b/reader/crypt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce73378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/crypt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+class Crypt {
+private:
+    uint32_t keys[4];
+
+public:
+    Crypt();
+
+    void set_keys(uint32_t reader_key, uint32_t game_key);
+
+    void crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+
+    uint16_t crc(const uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+};
diff --git a/reader/message.cpp b/reader/message.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f4fff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/message.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include "message.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+Message::Message(std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
+    this->data = std::move(data);
+}
+
+uint8_t Message::chk_sum() {
+
+    // initial checksum of 0
+    uint64_t chk = 0;
+
+    // add all bytes to checksum
+    for (uint8_t c : this->data)
+        chk += c;
+
+    // return checksum
+    return (uint8_t) (chk & 0xFF);
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> Message::get_data_encoded() {
+
+    // check if already encoded
+    if (data.size() <= encoded.size())
+        return encoded;
+
+    // encode data
+    for (uint8_t c : this->data) {
+        if (c == 0xAA || c == 0xFF) {
+            encoded.push_back(0xFF);
+            encoded.push_back(~c);
+        } else {
+            encoded.push_back(c);
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return data
+    return this->encoded;
+}
+
+void Message::print_debug() {
+    std::ostringstream ss;
+    for (uint8_t b : this->data)
+        ss << " " << (void *) ((long long) b);
+    ss << " / ";
+    for (uint8_t b : this->get_data_encoded())
+        ss << " " << (void *) ((long long) b);
+
+    log_info("reader", "{}", ss.str());
+}
+
diff --git a/reader/message.h b/reader/message.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..22f1080
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/message.h
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+class Message {
+private:
+    std::vector<uint8_t> encoded;
+protected:
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data;
+
+    inline void reencode() { encoded.clear(); }
+
+public:
+    explicit Message(std::vector<uint8_t> data);
+
+    uint8_t chk_sum();
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> get_data_encoded();
+
+    inline std::vector<uint8_t> get_data() { return data; }
+
+    void print_debug();
+};
diff --git a/reader/reader.cpp b/reader/reader.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7fbe5b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/reader.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,474 @@
+#include "reader.h"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <thread>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "structuredmessage.h"
+
+static std::vector<std::thread *> READER_THREADS;
+static bool READER_THREAD_RUNNING = false;
+
+Reader::Reader(const std::string &port) : port(port) {
+
+    // open port using an NT path to support COM ports past 9
+    std::filesystem::path serial_path = fmt::format("\\\\.\\{}", this->port);
+    this->serial_handle = CreateFileW(
+            serial_path.c_str(),
+            GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE,
+            0,
+            nullptr,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            0,
+            nullptr);
+
+    // check if valid
+    this->valid = this->serial_handle != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+    if (!this->valid) {
+        auto last_error = get_last_error_string();
+
+        log_warning("reader", "{}: failed to open serial connection for reader: {}",
+                this->port,
+                last_error);
+    }
+}
+
+Reader::~Reader() {
+    if (this->serial_handle) {
+        CloseHandle(this->serial_handle);
+        log_info("reader", "closed reader on {}", this->port);
+    }
+}
+
+bool Reader::is_valid() {
+    return this->valid;
+}
+
+bool Reader::initialize() {
+    if (!this->set_comm_state(CBR_57600) || !this->wait_for_handshake())
+        return false;
+
+    log_info("reader", "{}: card reader connected", this->port);
+
+    // assign reader ID
+    std::vector<uint8_t> set_id_data;
+    set_id_data.push_back(0x00);
+    if (this->msg_write_read(StructuredMessage(
+            0,
+            this->reinitialized,
+            READER_CMD_SET_ID,
+            this->gen_msg_id(),
+            set_id_data)).empty())
+        return false;
+
+    // get version
+    std::vector<Message> ret = this->msg_write_cmd_read(READER_CMD_VERSION);
+    if (ret.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    // print version info
+    std::vector<uint8_t> version_data = ret[ret.size() - 1].get_data();
+    std::ostringstream model;
+    model << version_data[13] << version_data[14] << version_data[15] << version_data[16];
+    log_info("reader", "{}: card reader model: {}", this->port, model.str());
+    std::ostringstream date;
+    date << (const char *) &version_data[17];
+    log_info("reader", "{}: card reader date:  {}", this->port, date.str());
+    std::ostringstream clock;
+    clock << (const char *) &version_data[33];
+    log_info("reader", "{}: card reader clock: {}", this->port, clock.str());
+
+    // init 2
+    if (this->msg_write_cmd_read(READER_CMD_INIT2).empty())
+        return false;
+
+    // reinitialize
+    this->reinitialized = 1;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> reinitialize_data;
+    reinitialize_data.push_back(0x00);
+    if (this->msg_write_cmd_read(READER_CMD_REINITIALIZE, reinitialize_data).empty())
+        return false;
+
+    log_info("reader", "{}: card reader init done", this->port);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::init_crypt() {
+
+    // generate game key
+    std::vector<uint8_t> gk;
+    for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
+        gk.push_back((uint8_t) (rand() % 256));
+
+    // reader crypt init
+    std::vector<Message> ret = this->msg_write_cmd_read(READER_CMD_KEY_EXCHANGE, gk);
+    if (ret.empty())
+        return false;
+
+    // validate message
+    Message msg = ret[ret.size() - 1];
+    std::vector<uint8_t> md = msg.get_data();
+    if (md.size() != 9)
+        return false;
+
+    // convert keys to int32
+    uint32_t game_key = gk[0] << 24 | gk[1] << 16 | gk[2] << 8 | gk[3];
+    uint32_t reader_key = md[5] << 24 | md[6] << 16 | md[7] << 8 | md[8];
+    log_info("reader", "{}: reader crypt client key: {}", this->port, bin2hex((char *) &gk[0], 4));
+    log_info("reader", "{}: reader crypt reader key: {}", this->port, bin2hex((char *) &md[5], 4));
+
+    // set crypt keys
+    this->crypt.set_keys(reader_key, game_key);
+
+    // crypt done
+    log_info("reader", "{}: reader crypt init done", this->port);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::read_card() {
+
+    // read card UID
+    std::vector<uint8_t> status_ruid_data;
+    status_ruid_data.push_back(0x00);
+    status_ruid_data.push_back(0x03);
+    status_ruid_data.push_back(0xFF);
+    status_ruid_data.push_back(0xFF);
+    if (this->msg_write_cmd_read(READER_CMD_RFID_READ_UID, status_ruid_data).empty()) {
+        this->valid = false;
+        return false;
+    }
+    Sleep(200);
+
+    // get reader status
+    std::vector<uint8_t> status_req_data;
+    status_req_data.push_back(0x10);
+    std::vector<Message> ret = this->msg_write_cmd_read(READER_CMD_GET_STATUS_ENC, status_req_data);
+    if (ret.empty()) {
+        this->valid = false;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get data
+    Message status_msg = ret[ret.size() - 1];
+    std::vector<uint8_t> status_data = status_msg.get_data();
+    if (status_data.size() != 23)
+        return false;
+
+    // decrypt data
+    this->crypt.crypt(&status_data[5], 18);
+
+    // check CRC
+    uint16_t crc_old = status_data[21] << 8 | status_data[22];
+    uint16_t crc_new = this->crypt.crc(&status_data[5], 16);
+    if (crc_old != crc_new) {
+        this->valid = false;
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get keypad state
+    this->keypad_started = status_data[16];
+    this->keypad_state = status_data[19] << 8 | status_data[20];
+
+    // check for card input
+    if (status_data[5] == 2) {
+        memcpy(this->card_uid, &status_data[7], 8);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool Reader::set_comm_state(DWORD BaudRate) {
+
+    // settings
+    DCB serial_params{};
+    serial_params.DCBlength = sizeof(serial_params);
+    if (!GetCommState(this->serial_handle, &serial_params)) {
+        log_warning("reader", "{}: unable to get COM port state: 0x{:x}", this->port, GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    serial_params.BaudRate = BaudRate;
+    serial_params.ByteSize = 8;
+    serial_params.StopBits = ONESTOPBIT;
+    serial_params.Parity = NOPARITY;
+    if (!SetCommState(this->serial_handle, &serial_params)) {
+        log_warning("reader", "{}: unable to set COM port state: 0x{:x}", this->port, GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // timeouts
+    COMMTIMEOUTS timeouts{};
+    timeouts.ReadIntervalTimeout = 30;
+    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutConstant = 30;
+    timeouts.ReadTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 5;
+    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutConstant = 30;
+    timeouts.WriteTotalTimeoutMultiplier = 5;
+    if (!SetCommTimeouts(this->serial_handle, &timeouts)) {
+        log_warning("reader", "{}: unable to set COM port timeouts: 0x{:x}", this->port, GetLastError());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Reader::wait_for_handshake() {
+
+    // baud rates
+    DWORD baud_rates[] = { CBR_57600, CBR_38400, CBR_19200, CBR_9600 };
+
+    // variables
+    DWORD bytes_written = 0;
+    DWORD bytes_read = 0;
+    uint8_t read_buffer[565];
+
+    // generate handshake buffer
+    uint8_t handshake_buffer[565];
+    memset(handshake_buffer, 0, 525);
+    memset(handshake_buffer + 525, 0xAA, 40);
+
+    // try all the baud rates
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+
+        this->set_comm_state(baud_rates[i]);
+
+        // handshake loop
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < 10; n++) {
+
+            // write handshake
+            if (!WriteFile(
+                        this->serial_handle,
+                        handshake_buffer,
+                        sizeof(handshake_buffer),
+                        &bytes_written,
+                        nullptr))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // read handshake
+            bytes_read = 0;
+            if (!ReadFile(
+                        this->serial_handle,
+                        read_buffer,
+                        sizeof(read_buffer),
+                        &bytes_read,
+                        nullptr))
+            {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // check handshake
+            if (bytes_read > 0 && read_buffer[bytes_read - 1] == 0xAA) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // sleep
+            Sleep(50);
+        }
+
+        log_warning("reader", "{}: no handshake received for {} baud", this->port, baud_rates[i]);
+    }
+
+    // no handshake on all baud rates
+    log_warning("reader", "{}: no handshake received for any attempted baud rate", this->port);
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool Reader::msg_write(Message msg) {
+
+    // get message data
+    std::vector<uint8_t> msg_encoded = msg.get_data_encoded();
+    uint8_t chk_sum = msg.chk_sum();
+
+    // create write buffer
+    uint8_t write_buffer[512];
+    DWORD write_buffer_len = 0;
+
+    // fill write buffer
+    write_buffer[write_buffer_len++] = 0xAA;
+    for (const uint8_t c : msg_encoded) {
+        write_buffer[write_buffer_len++] = c;
+    }
+
+    // write checksum
+    if (chk_sum == 0xAA || chk_sum == 0xFF) {
+        write_buffer[write_buffer_len++] = 0xFF;
+        write_buffer[write_buffer_len++] = ~chk_sum;
+    } else {
+        write_buffer[write_buffer_len++] = chk_sum;
+    }
+
+    // write buffer
+    DWORD bytes_written = 0;
+    return WriteFile(this->serial_handle,
+            write_buffer,
+            write_buffer_len,
+            &bytes_written,
+            nullptr) != 0;
+}
+
+std::vector<Message> Reader::msg_write_read(Message msg) {
+    this->msg_write(msg);
+    return this->msg_read();
+}
+
+std::vector<Message> Reader::msg_write_cmd_read(uint8_t cmd) {
+    return this->msg_write_cmd_read(cmd, std::vector<uint8_t>());
+}
+
+std::vector<Message> Reader::msg_write_cmd_read(uint8_t cmd, std::vector<uint8_t> data) {
+    this->msg_write(StructuredMessage(
+            this->node,
+            this->reinitialized,
+            cmd,
+            this->gen_msg_id(),
+            data
+    ));
+    return this->msg_read();
+}
+
+std::vector<Message> Reader::msg_read() {
+
+    // create buffer
+    std::vector<Message> msgs;
+    uint8_t read_buffer[4096];
+    DWORD read_buffer_len = 0;
+
+    // read to buffer
+    if (ReadFile(
+                this->serial_handle,
+                read_buffer,
+                sizeof(read_buffer),
+                &read_buffer_len,
+                nullptr) && read_buffer_len > 0)
+    {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> msg_data;
+        size_t msg_remaining = 0;
+        bool escape = false;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < read_buffer_len; i++) {
+            uint8_t b = read_buffer[i];
+            if (msg_remaining > 0) {
+
+                // add msg data length
+                if (msg_data.size() < 6 && msg_remaining == 1)
+                    msg_remaining += msg_data[4];
+
+                if (escape) { // escaped byte
+                    b = ~b;
+                    msg_data.push_back(b);
+                    msg_remaining--;
+                    escape = false;
+                } else if (b == 0xAA) { // message start
+                    msg_remaining = 6;
+                    msg_data.clear();
+                } else if (b == 0xFF) { // escape
+                    escape = true;
+                } else { // normal data
+                    msg_data.push_back(b);
+                    msg_remaining--;
+                }
+            } else if (b == 0xAA) { // message start
+                msg_remaining = 6;
+                msg_data.clear();
+            }
+
+            if (msg_remaining == 0 && msg_data.size() >= 6) { // message done
+                std::vector<uint8_t> msg_ext_data;
+                for (size_t n = 0; n < msg_data[4] && n < msg_data.size() - 6; n++) {
+                    msg_ext_data.push_back(msg_data[5 + n]);
+                }
+                StructuredMessage msg(
+                        msg_data[0],
+                        msg_data[1],
+                        msg_data[2],
+                        msg_data[3],
+                        msg_ext_data
+                );
+                if (msg.chk_sum() == msg_data[msg_data.size() - 1]) {
+                    msgs.push_back(msg);
+                }
+                msg_data.clear();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // return message buffer
+    return msgs;
+}
+
+void start_reader_thread(const std::string &port, int id) {
+    READER_THREAD_RUNNING = true;
+    READER_THREADS.push_back(new std::thread([port, id]() {
+        log_info("reader", "{}: starting reader thread", port);
+
+        while (READER_THREAD_RUNNING) {
+
+            // create reader
+            Reader reader(port);
+
+            // check if serial handle is still valid
+            if (!reader.is_valid()) {
+                log_warning("reader", "{}: serial handle no longer valid", port);
+            } else if (!reader.initialize()) {
+                log_warning("reader", "{}: unable to initialize reader", port);
+            } else if (reader.init_crypt()) {
+
+                // reader loop
+                while (READER_THREAD_RUNNING && reader.is_valid()) {
+                    bool did_read_card = reader.read_card();
+
+                    if (did_read_card) {
+                        const uint8_t *uid = reader.get_card_uid();
+                        log_info("reader", "{}: reader input: {}", port, bin2hex(uid, 8));
+                        if (id >= 0) {
+                            eamuse_card_insert(id, uid);
+                        } else {
+                            eamuse_card_insert(GetKeyState(VK_NUMLOCK) & 1, uid);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (reader.keypad_started > 0) {
+                        if (id >= 0) {
+                            eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_reader(id, reader.keypad_state);
+                        } else {
+                            auto unit = GetKeyState(VK_NUMLOCK) & 1;
+                            eamuse_set_keypad_overrides_reader(unit, reader.keypad_state);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    if (did_read_card) {
+                        Sleep(2500);
+                    }
+
+                    Sleep(20);
+                }
+            }
+
+            // sleep between reader connection retries
+            if (READER_THREAD_RUNNING)
+                Sleep(5000);
+        }
+    }));
+
+    // wait for thread to start
+    Sleep(10);
+}
+
+void stop_reader_thread() {
+
+    // stop threads
+    if (READER_THREAD_RUNNING) {
+        READER_THREAD_RUNNING = false;
+    }
+
+    // kill threads
+    while (!READER_THREADS.empty()) {
+        delete READER_THREADS.back();
+        READER_THREADS.pop_back();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/reader/reader.h b/reader/reader.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..771e711
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/reader.h
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "crypt.h"
+#include "message.h"
+
+enum reader_cmd {
+    READER_CMD_SET_ID         = 0x01,
+    READER_CMD_VERSION        = 0x02,
+    READER_CMD_INIT2          = 0x03,
+    READER_CMD_REINITIALIZE   = 0x30,
+    READER_CMD_READ_CARD_UID  = 0x31,
+    READER_CMD_GET_STATUS     = 0x34,
+    READER_CMD_SET_ACTION     = 0x35,
+    READER_CMD_SLEEP_MODE     = 0x3A,
+    READER_CMD_KEY_EXCHANGE   = 0x60,
+    READER_CMD_RFID_READ_UID  = 0x61,
+    READER_CMD_GET_STATUS_ENC = 0x64,
+};
+
+enum reader_action {
+    READER_ACTION_BLOCK       = 0x00,
+    READER_ACTION_ACCEPT_CARD = 0x11,
+    READER_ACTION_EJECT_CARD  = 0x12,
+};
+
+class Reader {
+
+public:
+    uint8_t keypad_started = 0;
+    uint16_t keypad_state = 0;
+
+    explicit Reader(const std::string &port);
+
+    ~Reader();
+
+    inline const uint8_t *get_card_uid() {
+        return this->card_uid;
+    }
+
+    bool is_valid();
+    bool initialize();
+    bool init_crypt();
+
+    bool read_card();
+
+private:
+    const std::string port;
+    HANDLE serial_handle;
+    bool valid;
+    uint8_t card_uid[8];
+    uint8_t reinitialized = 0, node = 1;
+    uint8_t cur_msg_id = 0;
+    Crypt crypt;
+
+    inline uint8_t gen_msg_id() { return ++cur_msg_id; }
+
+    bool set_comm_state(DWORD BaudRate);
+    bool wait_for_handshake();
+    bool msg_write(Message msg);
+
+    std::vector<Message> msg_write_read(Message msg);
+    std::vector<Message> msg_write_cmd_read(uint8_t cmd);
+    std::vector<Message> msg_write_cmd_read(uint8_t cmd, std::vector<uint8_t> data);
+    std::vector<Message> msg_read();
+};
+
+void start_reader_thread(const std::string &serial_str, int id);
+void stop_reader_thread();
diff --git a/reader/structuredmessage.cpp b/reader/structuredmessage.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..97b8185
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/structuredmessage.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "structuredmessage.h"
+
+StructuredMessage::StructuredMessage(uint8_t node, uint8_t param, uint8_t cmd,
+                                     uint8_t packet_id, std::vector<uint8_t> request_data)
+        : Message(std::vector<uint8_t>()) {
+    this->data.clear();
+    this->data.push_back(node);
+    this->data.push_back(param);
+    this->data.push_back(cmd);
+    this->data.push_back(packet_id);
+    this->data.push_back((uint8_t) request_data.size());
+    this->data.insert(this->data.end(), std::begin(request_data), std::end(request_data));
+    this->reencode();
+}
diff --git a/reader/structuredmessage.h b/reader/structuredmessage.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..12435ef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/reader/structuredmessage.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "message.h"
+
+class StructuredMessage : public Message {
+public:
+    StructuredMessage(uint8_t node, uint8_t param, uint8_t cmd,
+                      uint8_t packet_id, std::vector<uint8_t> request_data);
+};
diff --git a/readme.txt b/readme.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f27553
--- /dev/null
+++ b/readme.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+In respect to all those dying arcade games. Keep them alive, support the 
+developers when you can. Sources should be included, have fun!
+
+spice2x fork maintainers:
+* sp2xdev team
+
+SpiceTools original contributors:
+* cube, felix, dinsfire, nolm, s2, crazyredmachine (jotaro44), mon, nibs
+* dogelition_man, FSH, itsnovahere, arm1stice, kinetic, veroxzik, AllanCat
diff --git a/script/api/analogs.cpp b/script/api/analogs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a997a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/analogs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "analogs.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::analogs {
+    typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>> analog_data_t;
+
+    static std::vector<Analog> *get_analogs() {
+        static thread_local std::vector<Analog> *analogs = nullptr;
+        if (!analogs) {
+            if (!(analogs = games::get_analogs(eamuse_get_game()))) {
+                static auto empty = std::vector<Analog>();
+                return &empty;
+            }
+        }
+        return analogs;
+    }
+
+    auto read() {
+        analog_data_t ret;
+        for (auto &analog : *get_analogs()) {
+            auto &map = ret[analog.getName()];
+            map["state"] = std::to_string(GameAPI::Analogs::getState(RI_MGR, analog));
+            map["enabled"] = std::to_string(analog.override_enabled);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void write(analog_data_t data) {
+        for (auto &[name, map] : data) {
+
+            // get state
+            auto state_it = map.find("state");
+            if (state_it == map.end()) continue;
+            try {
+                float state = std::stof(state_it->second);
+
+                // find analog
+                for (auto &analog : *get_analogs()) {
+                    if (analog.getName() == name) {
+                        analog.override_state = CLAMP(state, 0.f, 1.f);
+                        analog.override_enabled = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (...) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_reset(const std::string &name) {
+        for (auto &analog : *get_analogs()) {
+            if (name.empty() || analog.getName() == name) {
+                analog.override_enabled = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("analogs")
+            .addFunction("read", read)
+            .addFunction("write", write)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/analogs.h b/script/api/analogs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..13191d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/analogs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::analogs {
+    void init(lua_State *L);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/buttons.cpp b/script/api/buttons.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d03871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/buttons.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#include "buttons.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::buttons {
+    typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>> button_data_t;
+
+    static std::vector<Button> *get_buttons() {
+        static thread_local std::vector<Button> *buttons = nullptr;
+        if (!buttons) {
+            if (!(buttons = games::get_buttons(eamuse_get_game()))) {
+                static auto empty = std::vector<Button>();
+                return &empty;
+            }
+        }
+        return buttons;
+    }
+
+    auto read() {
+        button_data_t ret;
+        for (auto &button : *get_buttons()) {
+            auto &map = ret[button.getName()];
+            map["state"] = std::to_string(GameAPI::Buttons::getState(RI_MGR, button));
+            map["enabled"] = std::to_string(button.override_enabled);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void write(button_data_t data) {
+        for (auto &[name, map] : data) {
+
+            // get state
+            auto state_it = map.find("state");
+            if (state_it == map.end()) continue;
+            try {
+                float state;
+                if (state_it->second == "true") {
+                    state = 1.f;
+                } else if (state_it->second == "false") {
+                    state = 0.f;
+                } else {
+                    state = std::stof(state_it->second);
+                }
+
+                // find button
+                for (auto &button : *get_buttons()) {
+                    if (button.getName() == name) {
+                        button.override_state = state > 0.f ?
+                                GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_PRESSED : GameAPI::Buttons::BUTTON_NOT_PRESSED;
+                        button.override_velocity = CLAMP(state, 0.f, 1.f);
+                        button.override_enabled = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (...) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_reset(const std::string &name) {
+        for (auto &button : *get_buttons()) {
+            if (name.empty() || button.getName() == name) {
+                button.override_enabled = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("buttons")
+            .addFunction("read", read)
+            .addFunction("write", write)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/buttons.h b/script/api/buttons.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0e00d79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/buttons.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::buttons {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/capture.cpp b/script/api/capture.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8cc6dcf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/capture.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#include "capture.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "util/crypt.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::capture {
+    static thread_local std::vector<uint8_t> CAPTURE_BUFFER;
+
+    std::vector<int> get_screens() {
+
+        // get screen IDs
+        std::vector<int> screens;
+        graphics_screens_get(screens);
+        return screens;
+    }
+
+    std::string get_jpg(int screen, int quality, int divide) {
+        CAPTURE_BUFFER.reserve(1024 * 128);
+
+        // receive JPEG data
+        uint64_t timestamp = 0;
+        int width = 0;
+        int height = 0;
+        graphics_capture_trigger(screen);
+        bool success = graphics_capture_receive_jpeg(screen, [] (uint8_t byte) {
+            CAPTURE_BUFFER.push_back(byte);
+        }, true, quality, true, divide, &timestamp, &width, &height);
+        if (!success) {
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // encode to base64
+        auto encoded = crypt::base64_encode(
+                CAPTURE_BUFFER.data(),
+                CAPTURE_BUFFER.size());
+
+        // clear buffer
+        CAPTURE_BUFFER.clear();
+
+        // return base64
+        return encoded;
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("capture")
+            .addFunction("get_screens", get_screens)
+            .addFunction("get_jpg", get_jpg)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/capture.h b/script/api/capture.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8774a11
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/capture.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::capture {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/card.cpp b/script/api/card.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..abac19a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/card.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "card.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::card {
+
+    void insert(int index, const std::string &card_hex) {
+
+        // convert to binary
+        uint8_t card_bin[8] {};
+        if (!hex2bin(card_hex.c_str(), card_bin)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // insert card
+        eamuse_card_insert(index & 1, card_bin);
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("card")
+            .addFunction("insert", insert)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/card.h b/script/api/card.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..02a88cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/card.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::card {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/coin.cpp b/script/api/coin.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..990d22c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/coin.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#include "coin.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::coin {
+
+    int get() {
+        return eamuse_coin_get_stock();
+    }
+
+    void set(int amount) {
+        eamuse_coin_set_stock(amount);
+    }
+
+    void insert(int amount) {
+        if (amount == 1) {
+            eamuse_coin_add();
+        } else if (amount > 1) {
+            eamuse_coin_set_stock(eamuse_coin_get_stock() + amount);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool blocker_get() {
+        return eamuse_coin_get_block();
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("coin")
+            .addFunction("get", get)
+            .addFunction("set", set)
+            .addFunction("insert", insert)
+            .addFunction("blocker_get", blocker_get)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/coin.h b/script/api/coin.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f0cf16c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/coin.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::coin {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/control.cpp b/script/api/control.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1e46792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/control.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+#include "control.h"
+#include <csignal>
+#include <cstring>
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::control {
+
+    struct SignalMapping {
+        int signum;
+        const char* name;
+    };
+    static SignalMapping SIGNAL_MAPPINGS[] = {
+            { SIGABRT, "SIGABRT" },
+            { SIGFPE, "SIGFPE" },
+            { SIGILL, "SIGILL" },
+            { SIGINT, "SIGINT" },
+            { SIGSEGV, "SIGSEGV" },
+            { SIGTERM, "SIGTERM" },
+    };
+
+    static inline bool acquire_shutdown_privs() {
+
+        // check if already acquired
+        static bool acquired = false;
+        if (acquired)
+            return true;
+
+        // get process token
+        HANDLE hToken;
+        if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken))
+            return false;
+
+        // get the LUID for the shutdown privilege
+        TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp;
+        LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME, &tkp.Privileges[0].Luid);
+        tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
+        tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
+
+        // get the shutdown privilege for this process
+        AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tkp, 0, (PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES) NULL, 0);
+
+        // check for error
+        bool success = GetLastError() == ERROR_SUCCESS;
+        if (success)
+            acquired = true;
+        return success;
+    }
+
+    void raise(const std::string &signal) {
+
+        // get signal
+        int signal_val = -1;
+        for (auto mapping : SIGNAL_MAPPINGS) {
+            if (_stricmp(mapping.name, signal.c_str()) == 0) {
+                signal_val = mapping.signum;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // raise if found
+        if (signal_val >= 0) {
+            ::raise(signal_val);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void exit(int code) {
+        launcher::shutdown(code);
+    }
+
+    void restart() {
+        launcher::restart();
+    }
+
+    bool shutdown() {
+
+        // acquire privileges
+        if (!acquire_shutdown_privs())
+            return false;
+
+        // exit windows
+        if (!ExitWindowsEx(EWX_POWEROFF | EWX_FORCE,
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MAJOR_APPLICATION |
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MINOR_MAINTENANCE))
+            return false;
+
+        // terminate this process
+        launcher::shutdown(0);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool reboot() {
+
+        // acquire privileges
+        if (!acquire_shutdown_privs())
+            return false;
+
+        // exit windows
+        if (!ExitWindowsEx(EWX_REBOOT | EWX_FORCE,
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MAJOR_APPLICATION |
+                           SHTDN_REASON_MINOR_MAINTENANCE))
+            return false;
+
+        // terminate this process
+        launcher::shutdown(0);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("control")
+            .addFunction("raise", raise)
+            .addFunction("exit", exit)
+            .addFunction("restart", restart)
+            .addFunction("shutdown", shutdown)
+            .addFunction("reboot", reboot)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/control.h b/script/api/control.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a322a32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/control.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::control {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/drs.cpp b/script/api/drs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f3858fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/drs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#include "drs.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "games/drs/drs.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::drs {
+
+    std::string tapeled_get() {
+        const size_t len = sizeof(games::drs::DRS_TAPELED);
+        return bin2hex((uint8_t*) games::drs::DRS_TAPELED, len);
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("drs")
+            .addFunction("tapeled_get", tapeled_get)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/drs.h b/script/api/drs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d5b4cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/drs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::drs {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/iidx.cpp b/script/api/iidx.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ec2d732
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/iidx.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "iidx.h"
+#include <cstring>
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "games/iidx/iidx.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::iidx {
+
+    // settings
+    static const size_t TICKER_SIZE = 9;
+
+    std::string ticker_get() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK);
+        return std::string(games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER);
+    }
+
+    void ticker_set(const std::string &text) {
+
+        // lock
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> ticker_lock(games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK);
+
+        // set to read only
+        games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY = true;
+
+        // set led ticker
+        memset(games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER, ' ', TICKER_SIZE);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < TICKER_SIZE && i < text.size(); i++) {
+            games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER[i] = text[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    void ticker_reset() {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> ticker_lock(games::iidx::IIDX_LED_TICKER_LOCK);
+        games::iidx::IIDXIO_LED_TICKER_READONLY = false;
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("iidx")
+            .addFunction("ticker_get", ticker_get)
+            .addFunction("ticker_set", ticker_set)
+            .addFunction("ticker_reset", ticker_reset)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/iidx.h b/script/api/iidx.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a61f6e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/iidx.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::iidx {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/info.cpp b/script/api/info.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e93661b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/info.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+#include "coin.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "avs/ea3.h"
+#include "build/defs.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::info {
+
+    auto avs() {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> map;
+        map["model"] = std::string(avs::game::MODEL);
+        map["dest"] = std::string(avs::game::DEST);
+        map["spec"] = std::string(avs::game::SPEC);
+        map["rev"] = std::string(avs::game::REV);
+        map["ext"] = std::string(avs::game::EXT);
+        map["services"] = avs::ea3::EA3_BOOT_URL;
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    auto launcher() {
+
+        // build args
+        std::string args;
+        for (int count = 0; count < LAUNCHER_ARGC; count++) {
+            auto arg = LAUNCHER_ARGV[count];
+            if (count > 0) args += " ";
+            args += arg;
+        }
+
+        // get system time
+        auto t_now = std::time(nullptr);
+        auto tm_now = *std::gmtime(&t_now);
+        auto tm_str = to_string(std::put_time(&tm_now, "%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ"));
+
+        // build info
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> map;
+        map["version"] = VERSION_STRING;
+        map["compile_date"] = __DATE__;
+        map["compile_time"] = __TIME__;
+        map["system_time"] = tm_str.c_str();
+        map["args"] = args;
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    auto memory() {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> map;
+        map["mem_total"] = memutils::mem_total();
+        map["mem_total_used"] = memutils::mem_total_used();
+        map["mem_used"] = memutils::mem_used();
+        map["vmem_total"] = memutils::vmem_total();
+        map["vmem_total_used"] = memutils::vmem_total_used();
+        map["vmem_used"] = memutils::vmem_used();
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("info")
+            .addFunction("avs", avs)
+            .addFunction("launcher", launcher)
+            .addFunction("memory", memory)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/info.h b/script/api/info.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..992076a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/info.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::info {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/keypads.cpp b/script/api/keypads.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6c45316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/keypads.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
+#include "keypads.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::keypads {
+
+    struct KeypadMapping {
+        char character;
+        uint16_t state;
+    };
+
+    static KeypadMapping KEYPAD_MAPPINGS[] = {
+        { '0', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_0 },
+        { '1', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_1 },
+        { '2', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_2 },
+        { '3', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_3 },
+        { '4', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_4 },
+        { '5', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_5 },
+        { '6', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_6 },
+        { '7', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_7 },
+        { '8', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_8 },
+        { '9', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_9 },
+        { 'A', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_00 },
+        { 'D', 1 << EAM_IO_KEYPAD_DECIMAL },
+    };
+
+    void write(uint32_t keypad, const std::string &input) {
+
+        // process all chars
+        for (auto c : input) {
+            uint16_t state = 0;
+
+            // find mapping
+            bool mapping_found = false;
+            for (auto &mapping : KEYPAD_MAPPINGS) {
+                if (_strnicmp(&mapping.character, &c, 1) == 0) {
+                    state |= mapping.state;
+                    mapping_found = true;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+
+            // check for error
+            if (!mapping_found) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            /*
+             * Write input to keypad.
+             * We try to make sure it was accepted by waiting a bit more than two frames.
+             */
+            DWORD sleep_time = 70;
+            if (avs::game::is_model("MDX")) {
+
+                // cuz fuck DDR
+                sleep_time = 150;
+            }
+
+            // set
+            eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, state);
+            Sleep(sleep_time);
+
+            // unset
+            eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, 0);
+            Sleep(sleep_time);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void set(uint32_t keypad, const std::string &keys) {
+
+        // iterate params
+        uint16_t state = 0;
+        for (auto key : keys) {
+
+            // find mapping
+            for (auto &mapping : KEYPAD_MAPPINGS) {
+                if (_strnicmp(&mapping.character, &key, 1) == 0) {
+                    state |= mapping.state;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // set keypad state
+        eamuse_set_keypad_overrides(keypad, state);
+    }
+
+    std::string get(uint32_t keypad) {
+
+        // get keypad state
+        auto state = eamuse_get_keypad_state(keypad);
+
+        // add keys
+        std::string res = "";
+        for (auto &mapping : KEYPAD_MAPPINGS) {
+            if (state & mapping.state) {
+                res += std::to_string(mapping.character);
+            }
+        }
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("keypads")
+            .addFunction("write", write)
+            .addFunction("set", set)
+            .addFunction("get", get)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/keypads.h b/script/api/keypads.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ab207d5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/keypads.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::keypads {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/lcd.cpp b/script/api/lcd.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a47c815
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/lcd.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include "lcd.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "games/shared/lcdhandle.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::lcd {
+
+    auto info() {
+        std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string> map;
+        map["enabled"] = std::to_string(games::shared::LCD_ENABLED);
+        map["csm"] = games::shared::LCD_CSM;
+        map["bri"] = std::to_string(games::shared::LCD_BRI);
+        map["con"] = std::to_string(games::shared::LCD_CON);
+        map["bl"] = std::to_string(games::shared::LCD_BL);
+        map["red"] = std::to_string(games::shared::LCD_RED);
+        map["green"] = std::to_string(games::shared::LCD_GREEN);
+        map["blue"] = std::to_string(games::shared::LCD_BLUE);
+        return map;
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("lcd")
+            .addFunction("info", info)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/lcd.h b/script/api/lcd.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..909b40b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/lcd.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::lcd {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/lights.cpp b/script/api/lights.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2fad0e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/lights.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "lights.h"
+
+#include <cfg/configurator.h>
+
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "rawinput/rawinput.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::lights {
+    typedef std::unordered_map<std::string, std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>> light_data_t;
+
+    static std::vector<Light> *get_lights() {
+        static thread_local std::vector<Light> *lights = nullptr;
+        if (!lights) {
+            if (!(lights = games::get_lights(eamuse_get_game()))) {
+                static auto empty = std::vector<Light>();
+                return &empty;
+            }
+        }
+        return lights;
+    }
+
+    auto read() {
+        light_data_t ret;
+        for (auto &light : *get_lights()) {
+            auto &map = ret[light.getName()];
+            map["state"] = std::to_string(GameAPI::Lights::readLight(RI_MGR, light));
+            map["enabled"] = std::to_string(light.override_enabled);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    auto read_original() {
+        light_data_t ret;
+        for (auto &light : *get_lights()) {
+            auto &map = ret[light.getName()];
+            map["state"] = std::to_string(light.last_state);
+            map["enabled"] = std::to_string(light.override_enabled);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void write(light_data_t data) {
+        for (auto &[name, map] : data) {
+
+            // get state
+            auto state_it = map.find("state");
+            if (state_it == map.end()) continue;
+            try {
+                float state = std::stof(state_it->second);
+
+                // find light
+                for (auto &light : *get_lights()) {
+                    if (light.getName() == name) {
+                        light.override_state = CLAMP(state, 0.f, 1.f);
+                        light.override_enabled = true;
+
+                        if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                            GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, state);
+                        }
+
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            } catch (...) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void write_reset(const std::string &name) {
+        for (auto &light : *get_lights()) {
+            if (name.empty() || light.getName() == name) {
+                if (light.override_enabled) {
+                    if (cfg::CONFIGURATOR_STANDALONE) {
+                        GameAPI::Lights::writeLight(RI_MGR, light, light.last_state);
+                    }
+                    light.override_enabled = false;
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void update() {
+        RI_MGR->devices_flush_output();
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("lights")
+            .addFunction("read", read)
+            .addFunction("read_original", read_original)
+            .addFunction("write", write)
+            .addFunction("write_reset", write_reset)
+            .addFunction("update", update)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/lights.h b/script/api/lights.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf6910a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/lights.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::lights {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/memory.cpp b/script/api/memory.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b5b9975
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/memory.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+#include "memory.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/sigscan.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::memory {
+
+    std::string read(const std::string &dll_name, intptr_t offset, uint64_t size) {
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+
+        // check if file exists in modules
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // get module
+        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_name);
+        if (!module) {
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // convert offset to RVA
+        offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, offset);
+        if (offset == ~0) {
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // get module information
+        MODULEINFO module_info {};
+        if (!GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), module, &module_info, sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // check bounds
+        auto max = offset + size;
+        if ((size_t) max >= (size_t) module_info.lpBaseOfDll + module_info.SizeOfImage) {
+            return std::string();
+        }
+
+        // read memory to hex (without virtual protect)
+        return bin2hex((uint8_t*) module_info.lpBaseOfDll + offset, size);
+    }
+
+    bool write(const std::string &dll_name, const std::string &data, intptr_t offset) {
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+
+        // convert data to bin
+        size_t data_bin_size = data.length() / 2;
+        auto data_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(data_bin_size);
+        hex2bin(data.c_str(), data_bin.get());
+
+        // check if file exists in modules
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // get module
+        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_name);
+        if (!module) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // convert offset to RVA
+        offset = libutils::offset2rva(dll_path, offset);
+        if (offset == ~0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // get module information
+        MODULEINFO module_info {};
+        if (!GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), module, &module_info, sizeof(MODULEINFO))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        // check bounds
+        if (offset + data_bin_size >= (size_t) module_info.lpBaseOfDll + module_info.SizeOfImage) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto data_pos = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll) + offset;
+
+        // replace data
+        memutils::VProtectGuard guard(data_pos, data_bin_size);
+        memcpy(data_pos, data_bin.get(), data_bin_size);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    uint64_t signature(const std::string &dll_name, const std::string &signature,
+                       const std::string &replacement, uint64_t offset, uint64_t usage) {
+        auto dll_path = MODULE_PATH / dll_name;
+
+        // check if file exists in modules
+        if (!fileutils::file_exists(dll_path)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // get module
+        auto module = libutils::try_module(dll_name);
+        if (!module) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // execute
+        auto result = replace_pattern(
+                module,
+                signature,
+                replacement,
+                offset,
+                usage
+        );
+
+        // check result
+        if (!result) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // convert to offset
+        auto rva = result - reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(module);
+        result = libutils::rva2offset(dll_path, rva);
+        if (result == -1) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        // success
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L, bool sandbox) {
+        auto n = getGlobalNamespace(L).beginNamespace("memory")
+            .addFunction("read", read);
+        if (!sandbox) {
+            n.addFunction("write", write)
+            .addFunction("signature", signature)
+            .endNamespace();
+        } else {
+            n.endNamespace();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/memory.h b/script/api/memory.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7c645f7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/memory.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::memory {
+    void init(lua_State *n, bool sandbox);
+}
diff --git a/script/api/touch.cpp b/script/api/touch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..432d496
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/touch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+#include "touch.h"
+#include "external/LuaBridge.h"
+#include "touch/touch.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+namespace script::api::touch {
+    typedef std::vector<std::unordered_map<std::string, std::string>> touch_data_t;
+
+    touch_data_t read() {
+
+        // get touch points
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        touch_get_points(touch_points);
+
+        // add state for each touch point
+        touch_data_t ret;
+        for (auto &touch : touch_points) {
+            auto &state = ret.emplace_back();
+            state["id"] = std::to_string(touch.id);
+            state["x"] = std::to_string(touch.x);
+            state["y"] = std::to_string(touch.y);
+            state["mouse"] = std::to_string(touch.mouse);
+        }
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    void write(touch_data_t data) {
+
+        // get all touch points
+        std::vector<TouchPoint> touch_points;
+        for (auto &state : data) {
+            try {
+                uint32_t touch_id = std::stoul(state["id"]);
+                int32_t touch_x = std::stol(state["x"]);
+                int32_t touch_y = std::stol(state["y"]);
+                TouchPoint tp {
+                        .id = touch_id,
+                        .x = touch_x,
+                        .y = touch_y,
+                        .mouse = false,
+                };
+                touch_points.emplace_back(tp);
+            } catch (...) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // apply touch points
+        touch_write_points(&touch_points);
+    }
+
+    void write_reset(uint32_t id) {
+        std::vector<DWORD> touch_point_ids;
+        touch_point_ids.push_back(id);
+        touch_remove_points(&touch_point_ids);
+    }
+
+    void init(lua_State *L) {
+        getGlobalNamespace(L)
+        .beginNamespace("touch")
+            .addFunction("read", read)
+            .addFunction("write", write)
+            .addFunction("write_reset", write_reset)
+        .endNamespace();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/api/touch.h b/script/api/touch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5fd479
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/api/touch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script::api::touch {
+    void init(lua_State *n);
+}
diff --git a/script/instance.cpp b/script/instance.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1279a91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/instance.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+#include "instance.h"
+#include <lua.hpp>
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "lib.h"
+
+namespace script {
+    thread_local Instance *INSTANCE;
+
+    struct LuaData {
+        lua_State *L = nullptr;
+
+        ~LuaData() {
+            if (L) {
+                lua_close(L);
+                L = nullptr;
+            }
+        }
+    };
+
+    static void lua_hook(lua_State *L, lua_Debug *data) {
+        auto instance = INSTANCE;
+        do {
+
+            // check if running
+            if (!instance->is_running()) {
+                luaL_error(L, "_stop_");
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // check if paused
+            if (instance->is_paused()) {
+                std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+            }
+        } while (instance->is_paused());
+    }
+
+    Instance::Instance(const char *str, bool is_path, bool sandbox) {
+        if (is_path) {
+            log_misc("script", "loading {}", str);
+        }
+
+        // create state
+        lua = new LuaData();
+        lua->L = luaL_newstate();
+        if (!lua->L) {
+            error = true;
+            log_warning("script", "unable to create state");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // load libraries
+        load_libs(lua->L, sandbox);
+
+        // load script
+        int err;
+        if (is_path) {
+            err = luaL_loadfile(lua->L, str);
+        } else {
+            err = luaL_loadstring(lua->L, str);
+        }
+
+        // check for error
+        if (err != 0) {
+            error = true;
+            auto err_str = std::string(lua_tostring(lua->L, -1));
+            if (is_path) {
+                log_warning("script", "error loading '{}':\n{}", str, err_str);
+            } else {
+                log_warning("script", "error parsing:\n{}", err_str);
+            }
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // start script thread
+        running = true;
+        thread = new std::thread([this, str, is_path] {
+
+            // insert hooks
+            INSTANCE = this;
+            lua_sethook(lua->L, &lua_hook, LUA_MASKCOUNT, 1024);
+            lua_sethook(lua->L, &lua_hook, LUA_MASKCALL, 1);
+            lua_sethook(lua->L, &lua_hook, LUA_MASKRET, 1);
+
+            // call script
+            auto err = lua_pcall(lua->L, 0, LUA_MULTRET, 0);
+
+            // display error
+            if (err != 0) {
+                auto err_str = std::string(lua_tostring(lua->L, -1));
+                if (!err_str.ends_with("_stop_")) {
+                    error = true;
+                    if (is_path) {
+                        log_warning("script", "runtime error in '{}':\n{}", str, err_str);
+                    } else {
+                        log_warning("script", "runtime error:\n{}", err_str);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // done
+            running = false;
+        });
+    }
+
+    Instance::~Instance() {
+        stop();
+        delete lua;
+    }
+
+    void Instance::join() {
+        if (thread) {
+            if (thread->joinable()) {
+                thread->join();
+            }
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(thread_m);
+            delete thread;
+            thread = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void Instance::stop() {
+        running = false;
+        join();
+    }
+
+    void Instance::pause() {
+        paused = true;
+    }
+
+    void Instance::resume() {
+        paused = false;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/instance.h b/script/instance.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c35afb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/instance.h
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <string_view>
+
+namespace script {
+    struct LuaData;
+
+    class Instance {
+    private:
+        LuaData *lua = nullptr;
+        std::thread *thread = nullptr;
+        std::mutex thread_m;
+        bool running = false;
+        bool paused = false;
+        bool error = false;
+
+    public:
+
+        Instance(const char *str, bool is_path = true, bool sandbox = false);
+        ~Instance();
+
+        void join();
+        void stop();
+        void pause();
+        void resume();
+
+        inline bool is_running() {
+            return running;
+        }
+
+        inline bool is_paused() {
+            return paused;
+        }
+    };
+
+    extern thread_local Instance *INSTANCE;
+}
diff --git a/script/lib.cpp b/script/lib.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ca1d133
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/lib.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#include "lib.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include <external/LuaBridge.h>
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/time.h"
+#include "instance.h"
+#include "api/analogs.h"
+#include "api/buttons.h"
+#include "api/capture.h"
+#include "api/card.h"
+#include "api/coin.h"
+#include "api/control.h"
+#include "api/drs.h"
+#include "api/iidx.h"
+#include "api/info.h"
+#include "api/keypads.h"
+#include "api/lcd.h"
+#include "api/lights.h"
+#include "api/memory.h"
+#include "api/touch.h"
+
+using namespace luabridge;
+
+extern "C" const luaL_Reg *base_funcs_sandbox;
+namespace script {
+
+    LUAMOD_API int luaopen_base_sandbox(lua_State *L) {
+        lua_pushglobaltable(L);
+        luaL_setfuncs(L, base_funcs_sandbox, 0);
+        lua_pushvalue(L, -1);
+        lua_setfield(L, -2, LUA_GNAME);
+        lua_pushliteral(L, LUA_VERSION);
+        lua_setfield(L, -2, "_VERSION");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    static const luaL_Reg LUA_LIBRARIES[] = {
+            {"_G", luaopen_base},
+            {LUA_LOADLIBNAME, luaopen_package},
+            {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
+            {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+            {LUA_IOLIBNAME, luaopen_io},
+            {LUA_OSLIBNAME, luaopen_os},
+            {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
+            {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+            {LUA_UTF8LIBNAME, luaopen_utf8},
+            {LUA_DBLIBNAME, luaopen_debug},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_BITLIB)
+            {LUA_BITLIBNAME, luaopen_bit32},
+#endif
+            {NULL, NULL}
+    };
+
+    static const luaL_Reg LUA_SANDBOX[] = {
+            {"_G", luaopen_base_sandbox},
+            {LUA_COLIBNAME, luaopen_coroutine},
+            {LUA_TABLIBNAME, luaopen_table},
+            {LUA_STRLIBNAME, luaopen_string},
+            {LUA_MATHLIBNAME, luaopen_math},
+            {LUA_UTF8LIBNAME, luaopen_utf8},
+#if defined(LUA_COMPAT_BITLIB)
+            {LUA_BITLIBNAME, luaopen_bit32},
+#endif
+            {NULL, NULL}
+    };
+
+    LuaRef require_sandbox(const std::string &path, lua_State *L) {
+        luaL_error(L, "require not available in sandbox");
+        return LuaRef(L);
+    }
+
+    void sleep(double duration) {
+        auto instance = script::INSTANCE;
+        double cur_slept = 0.0;
+        while (instance->is_running() && cur_slept < duration) {
+            auto diff = std::min(0.02, duration);
+            std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::microseconds(
+                    (uint64_t) (diff * 1000000ULL)));
+            cur_slept += diff;
+        }
+    }
+
+    double time() {
+        return get_performance_seconds();
+    }
+
+    void yield() {
+        std::this_thread::yield();
+    }
+
+    void msgbox(const std::string &s) {
+        MessageBoxA(nullptr, s.c_str(), "Script", 0);
+    }
+
+    void log_fatal_(const std::string &s) {
+        log_fatal("script", "{}", s);
+    }
+
+    void log_warning_(const std::string &s) {
+        log_warning("script", "{}", s);
+    }
+
+    void log_info_(const std::string &s) {
+        log_info("script", "{}", s);
+    }
+
+    void log_misc_(const std::string &s) {
+        log_misc("script", "{}", s);
+    }
+
+    uint16_t GetAsyncKeyState_(const int vKey) {
+        return GetAsyncKeyState(vKey);
+    }
+
+    void load_libs(lua_State *L, bool sandbox) {
+
+        // load STD libs
+        for (const luaL_Reg *lib = sandbox ? LUA_SANDBOX : LUA_LIBRARIES; lib->func; ++lib) {
+            luaL_requiref(L, lib->name, lib->func, 1);
+            lua_pop(L, 1);
+        }
+
+        // add base functions
+        auto G = getGlobalNamespace(L);
+        G.addFunction("sleep", sleep);
+        G.addFunction("time", time);
+        G.addFunction("yield", yield);
+        G.addFunction("msgbox", msgbox);
+        G.addFunction("log_fatal", log_fatal_);
+        G.addFunction("log_warning", log_warning_);
+        G.addFunction("log_info", log_info_);
+        G.addFunction("log_misc", log_misc_);
+        if (sandbox) {
+            G.addFunction("require", require_sandbox);
+        } else {
+            G.addFunction("GetAsyncKeyState", GetAsyncKeyState_);
+        }
+
+        // add API modules
+        api::analogs::init(L);
+        api::buttons::init(L);
+        api::capture::init(L);
+        api::card::init(L);
+        api::coin::init(L);
+        api::control::init(L);
+        api::drs::init(L);
+        api::iidx::init(L);
+        api::info::init(L);
+        api::keypads::init(L);
+        api::lcd::init(L);
+        api::lights::init(L);
+        api::memory::init(L, sandbox);
+        api::touch::init(L);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/lib.h b/script/lib.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..638f5a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/lib.h
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#pragma once
+#include <lua.hpp>
+
+namespace script {
+
+    void load_libs(lua_State *L, bool sandbox = false);
+}
diff --git a/script/manager.cpp b/script/manager.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0c85118
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/manager.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#include "manager.h"
+#include <thread>
+#include "util/fileutils.h"
+#include "script/instance.h"
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/options.h"
+#include "games/io.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace script {
+
+    // globals
+    static std::string DIRECTORY = "script";
+    static std::vector<std::string> BOOT_LIST;
+    static std::vector<std::string> CONFIG_LIST;
+    static std::vector<std::string> SHUTDOWN_LIST;
+    static std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Instance>> INSTANCES;
+    static std::mutex INSTANCES_M;
+    static bool BOOT = false;
+    static bool CONFIG = false;
+    static bool SHUTDOWN = false;
+
+    void manager_scan() {
+
+        // clear lists
+        BOOT_LIST.clear();
+
+        // scan script directory
+        std::vector<std::string> files;
+        fileutils::dir_scan(DIRECTORY, files, true);
+        for (auto &file : files) {
+            if (file.ends_with(".lua")) {
+                auto name = file.substr(file.find_last_of("/\\") + 1);
+                if (name.starts_with("boot_")) {
+                    BOOT_LIST.push_back(file);
+                }
+                if (name.starts_with("shutdown_")) {
+                    SHUTDOWN_LIST.push_back(file);
+                }
+                if (name.starts_with("config_")) {
+                    CONFIG_LIST.push_back(file);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void manager_add(std::shared_ptr<Instance> instance) {
+        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(INSTANCES_M);
+        auto it = INSTANCES.begin();
+        while (it != INSTANCES.end()) {
+            if (!(*it)->is_running()) {
+                it = INSTANCES.erase(it);
+            } else {
+                ++it;
+            }
+        }
+        INSTANCES.emplace_back(instance);
+    }
+
+    void manager_boot() {
+        if (BOOT) return;
+        BOOT = true;
+
+        // game options
+        auto &options = *games::get_options(eamuse_get_game());
+        for (auto &value : options[launcher::Options::ExecuteScript].values()) {
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(value)) {
+                manager_add(std::make_shared<Instance>(value.c_str(), true, false));
+            } else {
+                log_warning("script", "unable to locate {}", value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // run boot scripts
+        for (auto &file : BOOT_LIST) {
+            manager_add(std::make_shared<Instance>(file.c_str(), true, false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void manager_config() {
+        if (CONFIG) return;
+        CONFIG = true;
+
+        // launcher options
+        for (auto &value : LAUNCHER_OPTIONS->at(launcher::Options::ExecuteScript).values()) {
+            if (fileutils::file_exists(value)) {
+                manager_add(std::make_shared<Instance>(value.c_str(), true, false));
+            } else {
+                log_warning("script", "unable to locate {}", value);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // run config scripts
+        for (auto &file : CONFIG_LIST) {
+            manager_add(std::make_shared<Instance>(file.c_str(), true, false));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void manager_shutdown() {
+        if (SHUTDOWN) return;
+        SHUTDOWN = true;
+
+        // stop running scripts
+        INSTANCES_M.lock();
+        INSTANCES.clear();
+        INSTANCES_M.unlock();
+
+        // run shutdown scripts
+        std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Instance>> join_list;
+        for (auto &file : SHUTDOWN_LIST) {
+            auto instance = std::make_shared<Instance>(file.c_str(), true, false);
+            join_list.emplace_back(instance);
+            manager_add(instance);
+        }
+
+        // wait for completion
+        for (auto &instance : join_list) {
+            instance->join();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/script/manager.h b/script/manager.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8be5119
--- /dev/null
+++ b/script/manager.h
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <memory>
+
+namespace script {
+    class Instance;
+
+    void manager_scan();
+    void manager_add(std::shared_ptr<Instance> instance);
+    void manager_boot();
+    void manager_config();
+    void manager_shutdown();
+}
diff --git a/stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.cpp b/stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..af3ebc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#define EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define IMPORT
+
+typedef uint32_t NVENCSTATUS;
+#define NV_ENC_SUCCESS 0
+#define NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR 6
+
+extern "C" NVENCSTATUS EXPORT __cdecl NvEncodeAPIGetMaxSupportedVersion(uint32_t* version) {
+    return NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR;
+}
+
+extern "C" NVENCSTATUS EXPORT __cdecl NvEncodeAPICreateInstance(void *functionList) {
+    return NV_ENC_ERR_INVALID_PTR;
+}
diff --git a/stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.def b/stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f163a82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/nvEncodeAPI64.def
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+EXPORTS
+    NvEncodeAPIGetMaxSupportedVersion
+    NvEncodeAPICreateInstance
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stubs/nvcuda.cpp b/stubs/nvcuda.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78d4c04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/nvcuda.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#define EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define IMPORT
+
+// https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-driver-api/index.html
+
+#define CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED 801
+
+typedef void *CUcontext;
+typedef void *CUdevice;
+typedef void *CUgraphicsResource;
+typedef void *CUstream;
+typedef void *CUdeviceptr;
+typedef void *CUarray;
+typedef void *CUDA_MEMCPY2D;
+typedef void *IDirect3DResource9;
+typedef uint32_t CUresult;
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuCtxPushCurrent_v2(CUcontext ctx) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuDeviceGet(char *pciBusId, int len, CUdevice dev) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuInit(unsigned int Flags) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuGraphicsMapResources(
+    unsigned int count, CUgraphicsResource *resources, CUstream hStream) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuMemAlloc_v2(CUdeviceptr *dptr, size_t bytesize) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuCtxPopCurrent_v2(CUcontext *pctx) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuGetErrorName(CUresult error, const char **pStr) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuCtxCreate_v2(CUcontext *pctx, unsigned int flags, CUdevice dev) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuCtxDestroy_v2(CUcontext ctx) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuGraphicsResourceSetMapFlags_v2(
+    CUgraphicsResource resource, unsigned int flags) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuGraphicsUnregisterResource(CUgraphicsResource resource) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuMemAllocPitch_v2(
+    CUdeviceptr *dptr, size_t *pPitch, size_t WidthInBytes, size_t Height, unsigned int ElementSizeBytes) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuGraphicsUnmapResources(
+    unsigned int count, CUgraphicsResource *resources, CUstream hStream) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuStreamSynchronize(CUstream hStream) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuMemcpy2DAsync_v2(const CUDA_MEMCPY2D *pCopy, CUstream hStream) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuGraphicsSubResourceGetMappedArray(
+    CUarray *pArray, CUgraphicsResource resource, unsigned int arrayIndex, unsigned int mipLevel) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuMemFree_v2(CUdeviceptr dptr) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuMemcpy2D_v2(const CUDA_MEMCPY2D *pCopy) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuGraphicsD3D9RegisterResource(
+    CUgraphicsResource *pCudaResource, IDirect3DResource9 *pD3DResource, unsigned int Flags) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuStreamCreate(CUstream *phStream, unsigned int Flags) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuStreamDestroy_v2(CUstream hStream){
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stubs/nvcuda.def b/stubs/nvcuda.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a5ee42c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/nvcuda.def
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+EXPORTS
+    cuCtxPushCurrent_v2
+    cuDeviceGet
+    cuInit
+    cuGraphicsMapResources
+    cuMemAlloc_v2
+    cuCtxPopCurrent_v2
+    cuGetErrorName
+    cuCtxCreate_v2
+    cuCtxDestroy_v2
+    cuGraphicsResourceSetMapFlags_v2
+    cuGraphicsUnregisterResource
+    cuMemAllocPitch_v2
+    cuGraphicsUnmapResources
+    cuStreamSynchronize
+    cuMemcpy2DAsync_v2
+    cuGraphicsSubResourceGetMappedArray
+    cuMemFree_v2
+    cuMemcpy2D_v2
+    cuGraphicsD3D9RegisterResource
+    cuStreamCreate
+    cuStreamDestroy_v2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/stubs/nvcuvid.cpp b/stubs/nvcuvid.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..90eb0f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/nvcuvid.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#define EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define IMPORT
+
+typedef void *CUVIDDECODECAPS;
+typedef void *CUVIDGETDECODESTATUS;
+typedef void *CUVIDRECONFIGUREDECODERINFO;
+typedef void *CUVIDPROCPARAMS;
+typedef void *CUVIDSOURCEDATAPACKET;
+typedef void *CUcontext;
+typedef void *CUvideodecoder;
+typedef void *CUvideoparser;
+typedef void *CUVIDDECODECREATEINFO;
+typedef void *CUVIDPARSERPARAMS;
+typedef void *CUVIDPICPARAMS;
+typedef void *CUvideoctxlock;
+
+#define CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED 801
+
+// https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-driver-api/group__CUDA__TYPES.html#group__CUDA__TYPES_1gc6c391505e117393cc2558fff6bfc2e9
+typedef uint32_t CUresult;
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidCreateDecoder(CUvideodecoder *phDecoder, CUVIDDECODECREATEINFO *pdci) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidCreateVideoParser(CUvideoparser *pObj, CUVIDPARSERPARAMS *pParams) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidCtxLockCreate(CUvideoctxlock *pLock, CUcontext ctx) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidCtxLockDestroy(CUvideoctxlock lck) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidDecodePicture(CUvideodecoder hDecoder, CUVIDPICPARAMS *pPicParams) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidDestroyDecoder(CUvideodecoder hDecoder) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidDestroyVideoParser(CUvideoparser obj) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidGetDecodeStatus(CUvideodecoder hDecoder, int nPicIdx, CUVIDGETDECODESTATUS* pDecodeStatus) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidGetDecoderCaps(CUVIDDECODECAPS *pdc) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidMapVideoFrame64(
+    CUvideodecoder hDecoder, int nPicIdx, unsigned long long *pDevPtr, unsigned int *pPitch, CUVIDPROCPARAMS *pVPP) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidParseVideoData(CUvideoparser obj, CUVIDSOURCEDATAPACKET *pPacket) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidReconfigureDecoder(CUvideodecoder hDecoder, CUVIDRECONFIGUREDECODERINFO *pDecReconfigParams) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
+
+extern "C" CUresult EXPORT __cdecl cuvidUnmapVideoFrame64(CUvideodecoder hDecoder, unsigned long long DevPtr) {
+    return CUDA_ERROR_NOT_SUPPORTED;
+}
diff --git a/stubs/nvcuvid.def b/stubs/nvcuvid.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d5f5a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/nvcuvid.def
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+EXPORTS
+    cuvidCreateDecoder
+    cuvidCreateVideoParser
+    cuvidCtxLockCreate
+    cuvidCtxLockDestroy
+    cuvidDecodePicture
+    cuvidDestroyDecoder
+    cuvidDestroyVideoParser
+    cuvidGetDecodeStatus
+    cuvidGetDecoderCaps
+    cuvidMapVideoFrame64
+    cuvidParseVideoData
+    cuvidReconfigureDecoder
+    cuvidUnmapVideoFrame64
diff --git a/stubs/stubs.cpp b/stubs/stubs.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5203aac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/stubs.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "hooks/libraryhook.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+#ifndef STUB
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "launcher/signal.h"
+#endif
+
+#include "stubs.h"
+
+
+/*
+ * export/import macros
+ */
+
+#if defined(STUB)
+#define EXPORT __declspec(dllexport)
+#define IMPORT
+#else
+// needs to be __cdecl if we hook stuff at runtime
+#define EXPORT
+#define IMPORT
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * implementations
+ */
+
+extern "C" int EXPORT __cdecl bt_fcheck_finish() {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int EXPORT __cdecl bt_fcheck_init(bool spawn_thread, bool quick_check) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int EXPORT __cdecl bt_fcheck_main(void *a1) {
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int EXPORT __cdecl bt_get_ikey_status(stubs::ikey_status* status) {
+#ifndef STUB
+    static std::once_flag printed;
+    std::call_once(printed, []() {
+        log_info("kbt", "bt_get_ikey_status");
+    });
+#endif
+
+    memset(status, 0, 32);
+    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        status[i].v2 = 1;
+        status[i].v4 = 1;
+        status[i].v7 = ~0u;
+
+#ifndef STUB
+        // JMA is weird in that it expects this to be equal *exactly* to one
+        if (avs::game::is_model("JMA")) {
+            status[i].v7 = 1;
+        }
+#endif
+    }
+
+#ifndef STUB
+    // JMA is weird in that it will keep cycling backup data initialization if this field is not 0
+    if (avs::game::is_model("JMA")) {
+        status[1].v2 = 0;
+    }
+#endif
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+extern "C" int EXPORT __cdecl k_bt0001(stubs::ikey_status* status) {
+    return bt_get_ikey_status(status);
+}
+
+extern "C" void EXPORT __cdecl k_bt0002(void (__cdecl *func)(void *), void *arg) {
+    if (func != nullptr) {
+        func(arg);
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * DLL entry function
+ * for standalone stubs
+ */
+#ifdef STUB
+BOOL WINAPI DllMain(HINSTANCE hinstDLL, DWORD fdwReason, LPVOID lpvReserved) {
+    DisableThreadLibraryCalls(hinstDLL);
+
+    return TRUE;
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Dynamic hooks for use without kbt/kld DLL stubs
+ * Should be called after all game DLLs are loaded in memory.
+ * This works because most (all?) games use GetModuleHandle for those two.
+ */
+#ifndef STUB
+void stubs::attach() {
+    log_info("stubs", "attaching...");
+
+    libraryhook_hook_library("kbt.dll", GetModuleHandle(NULL));
+    libraryhook_hook_library("kld.dll", GetModuleHandle(NULL));
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("bt_fcheck_finish", bt_fcheck_finish);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("bt_fcheck_init", bt_fcheck_init);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("bt_fcheck_main", bt_fcheck_main);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("bt_get_ikey_status", bt_get_ikey_status);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("k_bt0001", k_bt0001);
+    libraryhook_hook_proc("k_bt0002", k_bt0002);
+    libraryhook_enable();
+
+    log_info("stubs", "attached");
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/stubs/stubs.def b/stubs/stubs.def
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f710f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/stubs.def
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+LIBRARY "stub.dll" BASE=0x10000000
+
+EXPORTS
+bt_fcheck_finish        @1
+bt_fcheck_init          @2
+bt_fcheck_main          @3
+bt_get_ikey_status      @4
+k_bt0001                @5
+k_bt0002                @6
diff --git a/stubs/stubs.h b/stubs/stubs.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1ea3d5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/stubs/stubs.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace stubs {
+
+    struct ikey_status {
+        uint32_t v1;
+        uint8_t v2;
+        uint8_t v3;
+        uint8_t v4;
+        uint8_t v5;
+        uint32_t v6;
+        uint32_t v7;
+    };
+
+    void attach();
+}
diff --git a/touch/handler.h b/touch/handler.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e107db1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/handler.h
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "touch.h"
+
+// touch states
+extern std::mutex TOUCH_POINTS_M;
+extern std::mutex TOUCH_EVENTS_M;
+extern std::vector<TouchPoint> TOUCH_POINTS;
+
+enum msg_handler_action {
+    /*
+     * The message was unhandled by the touch handler. This is the default value set when
+     * the touch handler is called.
+     */
+    ACTION_PASS = 0,
+
+    /*
+     * The message was handled by the touch handler, but `DefWindowProc` should be called
+     * and its return value used instead of the stored one.
+     */
+    ACTION_RETURN_DEFAULT = 1,
+
+    /*
+     * The message was handled by the touch handler and the stored `return_value` should be
+     * used as the return value.
+     */
+    ACTION_RETURN_STORED = 2,
+};
+
+struct msg_handler_result {
+    msg_handler_action action;
+    LRESULT return_value;
+};
+
+class TouchHandler {
+public:
+
+    TouchHandler(std::string name);
+    virtual ~TouchHandler() = default;
+
+    static bool is_available() {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    virtual bool window_register(HWND hWnd) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    virtual bool window_unregister(HWND hWnd) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    virtual void handle_message(msg_handler_result &result, HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) = 0;
+};
+
+void add_touch_event(TouchEvent *te);
+
+void update_card_button();
diff --git a/touch/touch.cpp b/touch/touch.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..72541c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/touch.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,930 @@
+
+// enable touch functions - set version to windows 7
+// mingw otherwise doesn't load touch stuff
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <windowsx.h>
+
+#include "touch.h"
+
+#include "avs/game.h"
+#include "external/imgui/imgui.h"
+#include "hooks/graphics/graphics.h"
+#include "misc/eamuse.h"
+#include "overlay/overlay.h"
+#include "rawinput/touch.h"
+#include "util/circular_buffer.h"
+#include "util/detour.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+#include "handler.h"
+#include "win7.h"
+#include "win8.h"
+
+// constants
+const char *SPICETOUCH_CLASS_NAME = "spiceTouchClass";
+const char *SPICETOUCH_FONT_NAME = "Courier New";
+const char *INSERT_CARD_TEXT = "Insert Card";
+
+// settings
+static const int TOUCH_EVENT_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024 * 4;
+static const int TOUCH_EVENT_BUFFER_THRESHOLD1 = 1024 * 2;
+static const int TOUCH_EVENT_BUFFER_THRESHOLD2 = 1024 * 3;
+
+// in mainline spicetools, this was false (show by default)
+// in spice2x, this is true (hide by default)
+bool SPICETOUCH_CARD_DISABLE = true;
+HWND SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND = nullptr;
+int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X = 0;
+int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y = 0;
+int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH = 0;
+int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT = 0;
+
+// touch states
+std::vector<TouchPoint> TOUCH_POINTS;
+std::mutex TOUCH_POINTS_M;
+static circular_buffer<TouchEvent> TOUCH_EVENTS(TOUCH_EVENT_BUFFER_SIZE);
+std::mutex TOUCH_EVENTS_M;
+
+// general states
+static bool SPICETOUCH_INITIALIZED = false;
+static bool SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
+static bool SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED_DXHOOK = false;
+static HWND SPICETOUCH_HWND = nullptr;
+static WNDPROC SPICETOUCH_OLD_PROC = nullptr;
+static bool SPICETOUCH_ENABLE_MOUSE = true;
+static bool SPICETOUCH_REGISTERED_TOUCH = false;
+static bool SPICETOUCH_CALL_OLD_PROC = false;
+static std::thread *SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_THREAD = nullptr;
+static HFONT SPICETOUCH_FONT;
+static RECT SPICETOUCH_CARD_RECT;
+static bool SPICETOUCH_CARD_ENABLED = false;
+static const char *LOG_MODULE_NAME = "touch";
+
+static TouchHandler *TOUCH_HANDLER = nullptr;
+
+TouchHandler::TouchHandler(std::string name) {
+    log_info("touch", "Using touch handler: {}", name);
+}
+
+class RawInputTouchHandler : public TouchHandler {
+public:
+    RawInputTouchHandler() : TouchHandler("rawinput") {
+    }
+    virtual bool window_register(HWND hWnd) override {
+        return true;
+    }
+    virtual bool window_unregister(HWND hWnd) override {
+        return true;
+    }
+    virtual void handle_message(msg_handler_result&, HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) override {
+    }
+};
+
+/*
+ * Add touch event but take care of buffer size
+ * Be careful, this doesn't lock the mutex on it's own
+ */
+void add_touch_event(TouchEvent *te) {
+
+    // check if first threshold is passed
+    if (TOUCH_EVENTS.size() > TOUCH_EVENT_BUFFER_THRESHOLD1) {
+        switch (te->type) {
+            case TOUCH_DOWN:
+
+                // ignore touch down events after first threshold
+                return;
+
+            case TOUCH_MOVE:
+
+                // add move event if we're not over the second threshold
+                if (TOUCH_EVENTS.size() <= TOUCH_EVENT_BUFFER_THRESHOLD2) {
+                    TOUCH_EVENTS.put(*te);
+                }
+
+                return;
+
+            case TOUCH_UP:
+
+                // check if buffer is full
+                if (TOUCH_EVENTS.full()) {
+
+                    // ignore event
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                // when the buffer isn't full yet, add the touch up event
+                TOUCH_EVENTS.put(*te);
+                return;
+
+            default:
+                return;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add the touch up event
+    TOUCH_EVENTS.put(*te);
+}
+
+static void touch_initialize() {
+
+    // check if already initialized
+    if (SPICETOUCH_INITIALIZED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    SPICETOUCH_INITIALIZED = true;
+
+    // initialize handler
+    if (RI_MGR && rawinput::touch::is_enabled(RI_MGR.get())) {
+        TOUCH_HANDLER = new RawInputTouchHandler();
+    } else if (Win8Handler::is_available()) {
+        TOUCH_HANDLER = new Win8Handler();
+    } else if (Win7Handler::is_available()) {
+        TOUCH_HANDLER = new Win7Handler();
+    } else {
+        log_warning(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "no touch handler available");
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void touch_register_window(HWND hWnd) {
+
+    // register touch handling for window
+    if (TOUCH_HANDLER != nullptr) {
+        TOUCH_HANDLER->window_register(hWnd);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void touch_unregister_window(HWND hWnd) {
+
+    // unregister touch handling for window
+    if (TOUCH_HANDLER != nullptr) {
+        TOUCH_HANDLER->window_unregister(hWnd);
+    }
+}
+
+bool is_touch_available() {
+
+    // initialize touch handler
+    touch_initialize();
+
+    // Check if a touch handler has been set. No need to call `is_available` here
+    // as `touch_initialize` does that.
+    return TOUCH_HANDLER != nullptr;
+}
+
+void update_card_button() {
+
+    // check if enabled
+    if (!SPICETOUCH_CARD_ENABLED) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // check touch points
+    for (TouchPoint touchPoint : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+        POINT pt {};
+        pt.x = touchPoint.x;
+        pt.y = touchPoint.y;
+
+        if (PtInRect(&SPICETOUCH_CARD_RECT, pt) != 0) {
+            eamuse_card_insert(0);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static LRESULT CALLBACK SpiceTouchWndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+
+    // check if touch was registered
+    if (!SPICETOUCH_REGISTERED_TOUCH) {
+        SPICETOUCH_REGISTERED_TOUCH = true;
+
+        // check if touch is available
+        if (is_touch_available()) {
+
+            // notify the handler of our window
+            TOUCH_HANDLER->window_register(hWnd);
+
+            // enable card unless the feature is disabled
+            if (!SPICETOUCH_CARD_DISABLE) {
+                SPICETOUCH_CARD_ENABLED = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // update rawinput touch display resolution
+    if (msg == WM_DISPLAYCHANGE) {
+        log_info("touch", "detected display mode change");
+        rawinput::touch::display_update();
+    }
+
+    if (msg == WM_CLOSE) { 
+        if ((GRAPHICS_IIDX_WSUB && hWnd == TDJ_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW) || (hWnd == SDVX_SUBSCREEN_WINDOW)) {
+            log_misc("touch", "ignore WM_CLOSE for subscreen window");
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // check messages for dedicated window
+    if (SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_THREAD != nullptr) {
+
+        // check if overlay is enabled
+        auto overlay_enabled = overlay::OVERLAY
+                && overlay::OVERLAY->renderer == overlay::OverlayRenderer::SOFTWARE;
+
+        // we don't want mouse events to interfere
+        SPICETOUCH_ENABLE_MOUSE = !overlay_enabled || !overlay::OVERLAY->get_active();
+
+        switch (msg) {
+            case WM_MOUSEACTIVATE: {
+                // Set the main window as the active window to reactivate the imgui cursor
+                HWND parent = GetParent(hWnd);
+                if (GetActiveWindow() != parent) {
+                    SetActiveWindow(parent);
+                }
+                return MA_NOACTIVATE;
+            }
+            case WM_SETCURSOR: {
+
+                // set cursor back to the overlay one
+                if (overlay_enabled && LOWORD(lParam) == HTCLIENT && overlay::OVERLAY->update_cursor()) {
+                    //return true; TODO: can make cursor invisible?
+                }
+                break;
+            }
+            case WM_TIMER: {
+                InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, TRUE);
+                break;
+            }
+            case WM_PAINT: {
+
+                // get window rect
+                HWND parent = GetParent(hWnd);
+                RECT windowRect {}, clientRect {};
+                GetWindowRect(parent, &windowRect);
+                GetClientRect(parent, &clientRect);
+
+                // adjust to client area
+                POINT p1 {.x = clientRect.left, .y = clientRect.top};
+                POINT p2 {.x = clientRect.right, .y = clientRect.bottom};
+                ClientToScreen(parent, &p1);
+                ClientToScreen(parent, &p2);
+                windowRect.left = p1.x;
+                windowRect.top = p1.y;
+                windowRect.right = p2.x;
+                windowRect.bottom = p2.y;
+
+                // check if rect needs to update
+                RECT windowRectOld {};
+                GetWindowRect(hWnd, &windowRectOld);
+                if (memcmp(&windowRectOld, &windowRect, sizeof(RECT)) != 0) {
+                    SetWindowPos(hWnd, HWND_TOP,
+                            windowRect.left, windowRect.top,
+                            windowRect.right - windowRect.left,
+                            windowRect.bottom - windowRect.top,
+                            SWP_NOZORDER | SWP_NOREDRAW | SWP_NOREPOSITION | SWP_NOACTIVATE);
+                }
+
+                // draw overlay
+                if (overlay_enabled) {
+
+                    // update and render
+                    overlay::OVERLAY->update();
+                    overlay::OVERLAY->new_frame();
+                    overlay::OVERLAY->render();
+
+                    // get pixel data
+                    int width, height;
+                    uint32_t *pixel_data = overlay::OVERLAY.get()->sw_get_pixel_data(&width, &height);
+                    if (width > 0 && height > 0) {
+
+                        // create bitmap
+                        HBITMAP bitmap = CreateBitmap(width, height, 1, 8 * sizeof(uint32_t), pixel_data);
+
+                        // prepare paint
+                        PAINTSTRUCT paint {};
+                        HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &paint);
+                        HDC hdcMem = CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);
+                        SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
+
+                        /*
+                         * draw bitmap
+                         * - this currently sets the background to black because of SRCCOPY
+                         * - SRCPAINT will blend but colors are wrong
+                         * - once this is figured out we could also try hooking WM_PAINT and
+                         *   draw directly to the game window
+                         */
+                        SelectObject(hdcMem, bitmap);
+                        BitBlt(hdc, 0, 0, width, height, hdcMem, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
+
+                        // clean up
+                        DeleteObject(bitmap);
+                        DeleteDC(hdcMem);
+                        EndPaint(hWnd, &paint);
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // draw card input
+                if (SPICETOUCH_CARD_ENABLED && (SPICETOUCH_FONT != nullptr)) {
+
+                    // prepare paint
+                    PAINTSTRUCT paint {};
+                    HDC hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &paint);
+                    SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
+
+                    // create brushes
+                    HBRUSH brushBorder = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(0, 196, 0));
+                    HBRUSH brushFill = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255, 192, 203));
+
+                    // get window rect
+                    RECT windowRect {};
+                    GetWindowRect(hWnd, &windowRect);
+
+                    bool should_rotate = avs::game::is_model({ "J44", "K44" });
+
+                    // create box rect
+                    RECT boxRect {};
+                    if (should_rotate) {
+                        boxRect.left = windowRect.right - 75;
+                        boxRect.top = 20;
+                        boxRect.right = windowRect.right - 44;
+                        boxRect.bottom = 151;
+                    } else {
+                        boxRect.left = 20;
+                        boxRect.top = 44;
+                        boxRect.right = 141;
+                        boxRect.bottom = 75;
+                    }
+
+                    // save box rect for touch input
+                    SPICETOUCH_CARD_RECT = boxRect;
+
+                    // draw borders
+                    FillRect(hdc, &boxRect, brushBorder);
+
+                    // modify box rect
+                    boxRect.left += 1;
+                    boxRect.top += 1;
+                    boxRect.right -= 1;
+                    boxRect.bottom -= 1;
+
+                    // fill box
+                    FillRect(hdc, &boxRect, brushFill);
+
+                    // modify box rect
+                    if (should_rotate) {
+                        boxRect.left += 5 + 20;
+                        boxRect.top += 5;
+                    } else {
+                        boxRect.left += 5;
+                        boxRect.top += 5;
+                    }
+
+                    // draw text
+                    SelectObject(hdc, SPICETOUCH_FONT);
+                    SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(0, 196, 0));
+                    DrawText(hdc, INSERT_CARD_TEXT, -1, &boxRect, DT_LEFT | DT_BOTTOM | DT_NOCLIP);
+
+                    // delete objects
+                    DeleteObject(brushFill);
+                    DeleteObject(brushBorder);
+
+                    // end paint
+                    EndPaint(hWnd, &paint);
+                    return 0;
+                }
+
+                // call default window procedure
+                return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+            }
+            case WM_CREATE: {
+
+                // set to layered window
+                SetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_EXSTYLE, GetWindowLong(hWnd, GWL_EXSTYLE) | WS_EX_LAYERED);
+
+                // set alpha value
+                SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hWnd, 0, 0xFFu, LWA_ALPHA);
+                SetLayeredWindowAttributes(hWnd, RGB(255, 192, 203), 0, LWA_COLORKEY);
+
+                // get window rect
+                RECT windowRect {};
+                GetWindowRect(hWnd, &windowRect);
+
+                bool should_rotate = avs::game::is_model({ "J44", "K44" });
+                auto rotation = should_rotate ? 2700 : 0;
+
+                // load font
+                SPICETOUCH_FONT = CreateFont(20, 0, rotation, rotation, FW_NORMAL, FALSE, FALSE, FALSE,
+                                             ANSI_CHARSET, OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS, CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS,
+                                             NONANTIALIASED_QUALITY, DEFAULT_PITCH,
+                                             SPICETOUCH_FONT_NAME);
+                if (SPICETOUCH_FONT == nullptr) {
+                    log_warning(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "font '{}' could not be loaded", SPICETOUCH_FONT_NAME);
+                }
+
+                return 0;
+            }
+            case WM_DESTROY: {
+                PostQuitMessage(0);
+                return 0;
+            }
+            default:
+                break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    msg_handler_result result {
+        .action = ACTION_PASS,
+        .return_value = 0,
+    };
+
+    // check if imgui is handling this mouse event
+    if (overlay::OVERLAY != nullptr && overlay::OVERLAY->get_active() && ImGui::GetIO().WantCaptureMouse) {
+        result.action = ACTION_RETURN_DEFAULT;
+
+    } else if (TOUCH_HANDLER != nullptr) {
+
+        // call touch handler
+        TOUCH_HANDLER->handle_message(result, hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+    }
+
+    if (result.action == ACTION_RETURN_STORED) {
+
+        // return the value from the touch handler
+        return result.return_value;
+    }
+
+    if (result.action == ACTION_PASS) {
+
+        // parse mouse messages
+        switch (msg) {
+            case WM_LBUTTONDOWN: {
+
+                // check if mouse is enabled
+                if (SPICETOUCH_ENABLE_MOUSE) {
+
+                    // lock touch points
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_points(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_events(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+                    // remove all points with ID 0
+                    for (size_t x = 0; x < TOUCH_POINTS.size(); x++) {
+                        TouchPoint *tp = &TOUCH_POINTS[x];
+
+                        if (tp->id == 0u) {
+
+                            // generate touch up event
+                            TouchEvent te {
+                                .id = tp->id,
+                                .x = tp->x,
+                                .y = tp->y,
+                                .type = TOUCH_UP,
+                                .mouse = tp->mouse,
+                            };
+                            add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                            // erase touch point
+                            TOUCH_POINTS.erase(TOUCH_POINTS.begin() + x);
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // create touch point
+                    TouchPoint tp {
+                        .id = 0,
+                        .x = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam),
+                        .y = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam),
+                        .mouse = true,
+                    };
+                    TOUCH_POINTS.push_back(tp);
+
+                    // add touch down event
+                    TouchEvent te {
+                        .id = tp.id,
+                        .x = tp.x,
+                        .y = tp.y,
+                        .type = TOUCH_DOWN,
+                        .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                    };
+                    add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                    // card button
+                    update_card_button();
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            case WM_MOUSEMOVE: {
+
+                // check if mouse is enabled
+                if (SPICETOUCH_ENABLE_MOUSE) {
+
+                    // lock touch points
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_points(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_events(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+                    // update point
+                    for (auto &x : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+                        TouchPoint *tp = &x;
+
+                        // find ID 0
+                        if (tp->id == 0u) {
+
+                            // update touch point position
+                            tp->x = GET_X_LPARAM(lParam);
+                            tp->y = GET_Y_LPARAM(lParam);
+
+                            // add touch move event
+                            TouchEvent te {
+                                .id = tp->id,
+                                .x = tp->x,
+                                .y = tp->y,
+                                .type = TOUCH_MOVE,
+                                .mouse = tp->mouse,
+                            };
+                            add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            case WM_LBUTTONUP: {
+
+                // check if mouse is enabled
+                if (SPICETOUCH_ENABLE_MOUSE) {
+
+                    // lock touch points
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_points(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+                    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_events(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+                    // remove all points with ID 0
+                    for (size_t x = 0; x < TOUCH_POINTS.size(); x++) {
+                        TouchPoint *tp = &TOUCH_POINTS[x];
+
+                        if (tp->id == 0u) {
+
+                            // generate touch up event
+                            TouchEvent te {
+                                .id = tp->id,
+                                .x = tp->x,
+                                .y = tp->y,
+                                .type = TOUCH_UP,
+                                .mouse = tp->mouse,
+                            };
+                            add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                            // remove touch point
+                            TOUCH_POINTS.erase(TOUCH_POINTS.begin() + x);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+
+                break;
+            }
+            default:
+
+                // call original function
+                if (SPICETOUCH_CALL_OLD_PROC && SPICETOUCH_OLD_PROC != nullptr) {
+                    return SPICETOUCH_OLD_PROC(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+                }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // clean up
+    if (SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED_DXHOOK) {
+        return 0;
+    } else {
+        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msg, wParam, lParam);
+    }
+}
+
+void touch_attach_wnd(HWND hWnd) {
+
+    // check if already attached
+    if (SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+
+    // initialize touch handler
+    touch_initialize();
+    touch_register_window(hWnd);
+
+    // hook window process
+    SPICETOUCH_HWND = hWnd;
+    SPICETOUCH_OLD_PROC = (WNDPROC) SetWindowLongPtr(hWnd, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR) SpiceTouchWndProc);
+
+    // update rawinput
+    rawinput::touch::display_update();
+}
+
+void touch_attach_dx_hook() {
+
+    // check if already attached
+    if (SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+    SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED_DXHOOK = true;
+
+    // initialize touch handler
+    touch_initialize();
+
+    // add dx hook
+    graphics_add_wnd_proc(SpiceTouchWndProc);
+
+    // update rawinput
+    rawinput::touch::display_update();
+}
+
+void touch_create_wnd(HWND hWnd, bool overlay) {
+
+    // check if already attached
+    if (SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED) {
+        return;
+    }
+    SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED = true;
+
+    // initialize touch handler
+    touch_initialize();
+
+    // create thread
+    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_THREAD = new std::thread([hWnd, overlay]() {
+
+        // create class
+        WNDCLASSEX wndClass {};
+        wndClass.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
+        wndClass.style = 3;
+        wndClass.lpfnWndProc = SpiceTouchWndProc;
+        wndClass.cbClsExtra = 0;
+        wndClass.cbWndExtra = 0;
+        wndClass.hInstance = GetModuleHandle(nullptr);
+        wndClass.hIcon = nullptr;
+        wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor(nullptr, IDC_ARROW);
+        wndClass.hbrBackground = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(255, 192, 203));
+        wndClass.lpszMenuName = nullptr;
+        wndClass.lpszClassName = SPICETOUCH_CLASS_NAME;
+        wndClass.hIconSm = nullptr;
+
+        // register class
+        if (!RegisterClassExA(&wndClass)) {
+            log_warning(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "failed to register SpiceTouch class: {}", GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // calculate touch window dimensions 
+        update_spicetouch_window_dimensions(hWnd);
+
+        // create window
+        HWND touch_window = CreateWindowExA(
+                0,
+                SPICETOUCH_CLASS_NAME,
+                "SpiceTools Touch",
+                (DWORD) CW_USEDEFAULT,
+                SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X,
+                SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y,
+                SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH,
+                SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT,
+                hWnd,
+                nullptr,
+                GetModuleHandle(nullptr),
+                nullptr
+        );
+
+        log_misc(
+            LOG_MODULE_NAME, "create SpiceTouch window ({}x{} @ {}, {})", 
+            SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X, SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y);
+
+        // check window
+        if (touch_window == nullptr) {
+            log_warning(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "failed to create SpiceTouch window: {}", GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // save reference
+        SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND = touch_window;
+
+        // window settings
+        ShowWindow(touch_window, SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE);
+        UpdateWindow(touch_window);
+
+        // register
+        touch_register_window(touch_window);
+
+        // overlay
+        if (overlay && overlay::ENABLED) {
+            if (overlay::OVERLAY) {
+                log_warning(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "requested overlay, but already existing");
+            } else {
+
+                // create instance
+                overlay::OVERLAY.reset(new overlay::SpiceOverlay(touch_window));
+
+                // draw overlay in 30 FPS
+                SetTimer(touch_window, 1, 1000 / 30, NULL);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // window loop
+        MSG msg {};
+        while (GetMessage(&msg, nullptr, 0, 0) && SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_THREAD != nullptr) {
+            TranslateMessage(&msg);
+            DispatchMessage(&msg);
+        }
+
+        // kill overlay
+        if (overlay) {
+            overlay::OVERLAY.reset();
+        }
+
+        // unregister
+        touch_unregister_window(touch_window);
+        log_misc(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "window closed");
+    });
+
+    // update rawinput
+    rawinput::touch::display_update();
+}
+
+void touch_detach() {
+
+    // remove window process hook
+    if (SPICETOUCH_HWND != nullptr) {
+        touch_unregister_window(SPICETOUCH_HWND);
+
+        SetWindowLongPtr(SPICETOUCH_HWND, GWLP_WNDPROC, (LONG_PTR) SPICETOUCH_OLD_PROC);
+        SPICETOUCH_HWND = nullptr;
+        SPICETOUCH_OLD_PROC = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // remove dx hook
+    graphics_remove_wnd_proc(SpiceTouchWndProc);
+    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_THREAD = nullptr;
+    SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED_DXHOOK = false;
+    SPICETOUCH_ATTACHED = false;
+}
+
+void touch_write_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points) {
+
+    // check size first
+    if (touch_points->empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // lock
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> points(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> events(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+    // iterate through all the provided touch points
+    for (auto &tp : *touch_points) {
+
+        // find touch point to update
+        bool found = false;
+        for (auto &arr_tp : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+            if (arr_tp.id == tp.id) {
+
+                // mark as found
+                found = true;
+
+                // update position
+                arr_tp.x = tp.x;
+                arr_tp.y = tp.y;
+
+                // add touch move event
+                TouchEvent te {
+                    .id = tp.id,
+                    .x = tp.x,
+                    .y = tp.y,
+                    .type = TOUCH_MOVE,
+                    .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                };
+                add_touch_event(&te);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // create new touch point when not found
+        if (!found) {
+
+            // add touch point
+            TOUCH_POINTS.push_back(tp);
+
+            // add touch down event
+            TouchEvent te {
+                .id = tp.id,
+                .x = tp.x,
+                .y = tp.y,
+                .type = TOUCH_DOWN,
+                .mouse = tp.mouse,
+            };
+            add_touch_event(&te);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void touch_remove_points(std::vector<DWORD> *touch_point_ids) {
+
+    // check size first
+    if (touch_point_ids->empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // lock
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> points(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> events(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+    // find the touch points to remove
+    for (auto id : *touch_point_ids) {
+        for (size_t x = 0; x < TOUCH_POINTS.size(); x++) {
+            TouchPoint *tp = &TOUCH_POINTS[x];
+
+            // check if the IDs match
+            if (tp->id == id) {
+
+                // add touch up event
+                TouchEvent te {
+                    .id = id,
+                    .x = tp->x,
+                    .y = tp->y,
+                    .type = TOUCH_UP,
+                    .mouse = tp->mouse,
+                };
+                add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                // delete touch point
+                TOUCH_POINTS.erase(TOUCH_POINTS.begin() + x);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void touch_get_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> &touch_points, bool overlay) {
+
+    // update timeouts
+    if (RI_MGR) {
+        rawinput::touch::update_timeouts(RI_MGR.get());
+    }
+
+    // overlay override
+    if (!overlay &&
+        overlay::OVERLAY &&
+        overlay::OVERLAY->get_active() &&
+        !overlay::OVERLAY->can_transform_touch_input() &&
+        ImGui::GetIO().WantCaptureMouse) {
+
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // lock
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+
+    // append touch points
+    touch_points.insert(touch_points.end(), TOUCH_POINTS.begin(), TOUCH_POINTS.end());
+}
+
+void touch_get_events(std::vector<TouchEvent> &touch_events, bool overlay) {
+
+    // update timeouts
+    if (RI_MGR) {
+        rawinput::touch::update_timeouts(RI_MGR.get());
+    }
+
+    // lock
+    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+    // overlay override
+    if (!overlay &&
+        overlay::OVERLAY &&
+        overlay::OVERLAY->get_active() &&
+        !overlay::OVERLAY->can_transform_touch_input() &&
+        ImGui::GetIO().WantCaptureMouse) {
+
+        TOUCH_EVENTS.reset();
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // append touch points
+    while (!TOUCH_EVENTS.empty()) {
+        touch_events.push_back(TOUCH_EVENTS.get());
+    }
+}
+
+void update_spicetouch_window_dimensions(HWND hWnd) {
+    RECT clientRect {};
+    GetClientRect(hWnd, &clientRect);
+
+    // adjust to client area
+    POINT topleft {.x = 0, .y = 0};
+    ClientToScreen(hWnd, &topleft);
+    POINT bottomright {.x = clientRect.right, .y = clientRect.bottom};
+    ClientToScreen(hWnd, &bottomright);
+
+    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X = topleft.x;
+    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y = topleft.y;
+    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH = bottomright.x - topleft.x;
+    SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT = bottomright.y - topleft.y;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/touch/touch.h b/touch/touch.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6cf4bb9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/touch.h
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+struct TouchPoint {
+    DWORD id;
+    LONG x, y;
+    bool mouse;
+};
+enum TouchEventType {
+    TOUCH_DOWN,
+    TOUCH_MOVE,
+    TOUCH_UP
+};
+struct TouchEvent {
+    DWORD id;
+    LONG x, y;
+    TouchEventType type;
+    bool mouse;
+};
+
+extern bool SPICETOUCH_CARD_DISABLE;
+extern HWND SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HWND;
+extern int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_X;
+extern int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_Y;
+extern int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_WIDTH;
+extern int SPICETOUCH_TOUCH_HEIGHT;
+
+bool is_touch_available();
+
+void touch_attach_wnd(HWND hWnd);
+void touch_attach_dx_hook();
+void touch_create_wnd(HWND hWnd, bool overlay = false);
+void touch_detach();
+
+void touch_write_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> *touch_points);
+void touch_remove_points(std::vector<DWORD> *touch_point_ids);
+
+void touch_get_points(std::vector<TouchPoint> &touch_points, bool overlay = false);
+void touch_get_events(std::vector<TouchEvent> &touch_events, bool overlay = false);
+
+void update_spicetouch_window_dimensions(HWND hWnd);
diff --git a/touch/touch_indicators.cpp b/touch/touch_indicators.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44e84df
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/touch_indicators.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+
+// set version to Windows 8 to enable Windows 8 touch functions
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0602
+
+#include "touch_indicators.h"
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+static HINSTANCE USER32_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *SetWindowFeedbackSetting_t)(HWND, FEEDBACK_TYPE, DWORD, UINT32, const VOID *);
+static SetWindowFeedbackSetting_t pSetWindowFeedbackSetting = nullptr;
+
+void disable_touch_indicators(HWND hwnd) {
+
+    if (USER32_INSTANCE == nullptr) {
+        USER32_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library("user32.dll");
+    }
+    if (USER32_INSTANCE == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (pSetWindowFeedbackSetting == nullptr) {
+        pSetWindowFeedbackSetting = libutils::try_proc<SetWindowFeedbackSetting_t>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "SetWindowFeedbackSetting");
+    }
+    if (pSetWindowFeedbackSetting == nullptr) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    log_info("touch_indicators", "disable visual feedback for touch events for HWND={}", fmt::ptr(hwnd));
+
+    BOOL enabled = FALSE;
+    pSetWindowFeedbackSetting(
+        hwnd,
+        FEEDBACK_TOUCH_CONTACTVISUALIZATION,
+        0, sizeof(enabled), &enabled);
+    pSetWindowFeedbackSetting(
+        hwnd,
+        FEEDBACK_TOUCH_TAP,
+        0, sizeof(enabled), &enabled);
+    pSetWindowFeedbackSetting(
+        hwnd,
+        FEEDBACK_TOUCH_DOUBLETAP,
+        0, sizeof(enabled), &enabled);
+    pSetWindowFeedbackSetting(
+        hwnd,
+        FEEDBACK_TOUCH_PRESSANDHOLD,
+        0, sizeof(enabled), &enabled);
+    pSetWindowFeedbackSetting(
+        hwnd,
+        FEEDBACK_TOUCH_RIGHTTAP,
+        0, sizeof(enabled), &enabled);
+    pSetWindowFeedbackSetting(
+        hwnd,
+        FEEDBACK_GESTURE_PRESSANDTAP,
+        0, sizeof(enabled), &enabled);
+}
diff --git a/touch/touch_indicators.h b/touch/touch_indicators.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09a4902
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/touch_indicators.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+void disable_touch_indicators(HWND hwnd);
diff --git a/touch/win7.cpp b/touch/win7.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f444a39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/win7.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,297 @@
+
+// enable touch functions - set version to windows 7
+// mingw otherwise doesn't load touch stuff
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0601
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <windowsx.h>
+
+#include "win7.h"
+
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "rawinput/touch.h"
+
+// mingw issue #2205 workaround
+// https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw/bugs/2205/
+#undef TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE
+#define TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE 0x0001
+#undef TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN
+#define TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN 0x0002
+
+// mingw doesn't seem to have these
+#ifndef WM_TABLET_DEFBASE
+#define WM_TABLET_DEFBASE                    0x02C0
+#define WM_TABLET_QUERYSYSTEMGESTURESTATUS   (WM_TABLET_DEFBASE + 12)
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_PRESSANDHOLD        0x00000001
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_PENTAPFEEDBACK      0x00000008
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_PENBARRELFEEDBACK   0x00000010
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHUIFORCEON      0x00000100
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHUIFORCEOFF     0x00000200
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHSWITCH         0x00008000
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKS              0x00010000
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_SMOOTHSCROLLING     0x00080000
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKFALLBACKKEYS   0x00100000
+#define TABLET_ENABLE_MULTITOUCHDATA       0x01000000
+#endif
+
+// general states
+static HMODULE USER32_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+static const char *LOG_MODULE_NAME = "touch::win7";
+
+/* dynamic touch functions
+ * to maintain compatibility with windows XP
+ */
+static BOOL (WINAPI *pSetGestureConfig)(HWND, DWORD, UINT, PGESTURECONFIG, UINT);
+static BOOL (WINAPI *pRegisterTouchWindow)(HWND, ULONG);
+static BOOL (WINAPI *pGetTouchInputInfo)(HANDLE, UINT, PTOUCHINPUT, int);
+static BOOL (WINAPI *pCloseTouchInputHandle)(HANDLE);
+static BOOL (WINAPI *pUnregisterTouchWindow)(HWND hWnd);
+
+// other
+static const char ATOM_NAME[] = "MicrosoftTabletPenServiceProperty";
+
+Win7Handler::Win7Handler() : TouchHandler("win7") {
+
+    // check if already loaded
+    static bool functions_loaded = false;
+    if (functions_loaded) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // load user32
+    if (USER32_INSTANCE == nullptr) {
+        USER32_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library("user32.dll");
+    }
+
+    // load touch functions
+    pSetGestureConfig = libutils::try_proc<decltype(pSetGestureConfig)>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "SetGestureConfig");
+    pRegisterTouchWindow = libutils::try_proc<decltype(pRegisterTouchWindow)>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "RegisterTouchWindow");
+    pGetTouchInputInfo = libutils::try_proc<decltype(pGetTouchInputInfo)>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "GetTouchInputInfo");
+    pCloseTouchInputHandle = libutils::try_proc<decltype(pCloseTouchInputHandle)>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "CloseTouchInputHandle");
+    pUnregisterTouchWindow = libutils::try_proc<decltype(pUnregisterTouchWindow)>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "UnregisterTouchWindow");
+
+    functions_loaded = true;
+}
+
+bool Win7Handler::is_available() {
+    bool win_touch_available = (GetSystemMetrics(94) & 0x80) == 0x80;
+
+    if (win_touch_available) {
+        log_info(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "WinTouch available");
+    } else {
+        log_info(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "WinTouch unavailable");
+    }
+
+    return win_touch_available;
+}
+
+bool Win7Handler::window_register(HWND hWnd) {
+
+    bool result = true;
+
+    // atom settings
+    DWORD dwHwndTabletProperty = TABLET_DISABLE_PRESSANDHOLD |
+                                 TABLET_DISABLE_PENTAPFEEDBACK |
+                                 TABLET_DISABLE_PENBARRELFEEDBACK |
+                                 TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKS;
+
+    // get atom ID
+    ATOM atom_id = GlobalAddAtom(ATOM_NAME);
+
+    // disable gestures
+    if (atom_id > 0) {
+        SetProp(hWnd, ATOM_NAME, (HANDLE) ((unsigned long long) dwHwndTabletProperty));
+    }
+
+    // register touch window
+    if ((pRegisterTouchWindow == nullptr) || (pRegisterTouchWindow(hWnd, TWF_WANTPALM) == 0)) {
+        log_warning(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "could not register touch window");
+
+        result = false;
+    }
+
+    // set gesture config
+    if (pSetGestureConfig != nullptr) {
+        GESTURECONFIG gc {};
+        gc.dwID = 0;
+        gc.dwWant = 0;
+        gc.dwBlock = 1;
+        pSetGestureConfig(hWnd, 0, 1, &gc, sizeof(GESTURECONFIG));
+    }
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+bool Win7Handler::window_unregister(HWND hWnd) {
+
+    // dispose window
+    if (pUnregisterTouchWindow != nullptr) {
+        pUnregisterTouchWindow(hWnd);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Win7Handler::handle_message(msg_handler_result &result, HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+
+    // parse touch messages
+    switch (msg) {
+        case WM_TOUCH: {
+
+            // touch input fields
+            UINT cInputs = LOWORD(wParam);
+            auto pInputs = std::make_unique<TOUCHINPUT[]>(cInputs);
+
+            // get touch input
+            if ((pGetTouchInputInfo != nullptr) &&
+                (pGetTouchInputInfo((HANDLE) lParam, cInputs, pInputs.get(), sizeof(TOUCHINPUT)) != 0)) {
+
+                // lock touch points
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_points(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+                std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_events(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+                // iterate all inputs
+                static long prev_x, prev_y;
+                for (UINT i = 0; i < cInputs; i++) {
+                    auto &ti = pInputs[i];
+
+                    // touch down
+                    if (ti.dwFlags & TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN) {
+
+                        // convert to window position
+                        POINT point {};
+                        point.x = ti.x / 100;
+                        point.y = ti.y / 100;
+                        ScreenToClient(hWnd, &point);
+
+                        // create new touch point
+                        TouchPoint tp {
+                            .id = ti.dwID,
+                            .x = point.x,
+                            .y = point.y,
+                            .mouse = false,
+                        };
+                        TOUCH_POINTS.push_back(tp);
+
+                        // add touch down event
+                        TouchEvent te {
+                            .id = tp.id,
+                            .x = tp.x,
+                            .y = tp.y,
+                            .type = TOUCH_DOWN,
+                            .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                        };
+                        add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                        // set prev coordinates
+                        prev_x = point.x;
+                        prev_y = point.y;
+
+                        // card button
+                        update_card_button();
+                    }
+
+                    // touch move
+                    if ((ti.dwFlags & TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE) != 0u) {
+
+                        // convert to window position
+                        POINT point {};
+                        point.x = ti.x / 100;
+                        point.y = ti.y / 100;
+                        ScreenToClient(hWnd, &point);
+
+                        // check prev coordinates
+                        if (point.x != prev_x || point.y != prev_y) {
+
+                            // update point
+                            for (auto &tp : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+                                if (tp.id == ti.dwID) {
+
+                                    // update values
+                                    tp.x = point.x;
+                                    tp.y = point.y;
+
+                                    // add touch move event
+                                    TouchEvent te {
+                                        .id = tp.id,
+                                        .x = tp.x,
+                                        .y = tp.y,
+                                        .type = TOUCH_MOVE,
+                                        .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                                    };
+                                    add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                                    break;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        // set prev coordinates
+                        prev_x = point.x;
+                        prev_y = point.y;
+                    }
+
+                    // touch up
+                    if ((ti.dwFlags & TOUCHEVENTF_UP) != 0u) {
+
+                        // remove point
+                        for (size_t x = 0; x < TOUCH_POINTS.size(); x++) {
+                            auto &tp = TOUCH_POINTS[x];
+
+                            if (tp.id == ti.dwID) {
+
+                                // add touch up event
+                                TouchEvent te {
+                                    .id = tp.id,
+                                    .x = tp.x,
+                                    .y = tp.y,
+                                    .type = TOUCH_UP,
+                                    .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                                };
+                                add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                                // remove from active touch points
+                                TOUCH_POINTS.erase(TOUCH_POINTS.begin() + x);
+
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // clean up
+            if (pCloseTouchInputHandle != nullptr) {
+                pCloseTouchInputHandle((HANDLE) lParam);
+            }
+
+            result.action = ACTION_RETURN_DEFAULT;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_TABLET_QUERYSYSTEMGESTURESTATUS: {
+            result.action = ACTION_RETURN_STORED;
+            result.return_value = TABLET_DISABLE_PRESSANDHOLD
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_PENTAPFEEDBACK
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_PENBARRELFEEDBACK
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHUIFORCEON
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHUIFORCEOFF
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHSWITCH
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKS
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_SMOOTHSCROLLING
+                   | TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKFALLBACKKEYS
+                   | TABLET_ENABLE_MULTITOUCHDATA;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/touch/win7.h b/touch/win7.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e95d0f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/win7.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "handler.h"
+
+class Win7Handler : public TouchHandler {
+public:
+
+    Win7Handler();
+
+    static bool is_available();
+
+    virtual bool window_register(HWND hWnd) override;
+    virtual bool window_unregister(HWND hWnd) override;
+    virtual void handle_message(msg_handler_result &result, HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) override;
+};
diff --git a/touch/win8.cpp b/touch/win8.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3b0bd71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/win8.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+
+// set version to Windows 8 to enable Windows 8 touch functions
+#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0602
+
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <initguid.h>
+#include <windowsx.h>
+#include <propsys.h>
+
+#include "win8.h"
+
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "rawinput/touch.h"
+
+// mingw does not seem to have this either
+DEFINE_GUID(PKEY_EdgeGesture_DisableTouchWhenFullscreen_Format, 0x32CE38B2, 0x2C9A, 0x41B1, 0x9B, 0xC5, 0xB3, 0x78, 0x43, 0x94, 0xAA, 0x44);
+
+// mingw issue #2205 workaround
+// https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw/bugs/2205/
+#undef TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE
+#define TOUCHEVENTF_MOVE 0x0001
+#undef TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN
+#define TOUCHEVENTF_DOWN 0x0002
+
+// mingw doesn't seem to have these
+#ifndef WM_TABLET_DEFBASE
+#define WM_TABLET_DEFBASE                    0x02C0
+#define WM_TABLET_QUERYSYSTEMGESTURESTATUS   (WM_TABLET_DEFBASE + 12)
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_PRESSANDHOLD        0x00000001
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_PENTAPFEEDBACK      0x00000008
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_PENBARRELFEEDBACK   0x00000010
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHUIFORCEON      0x00000100
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHUIFORCEOFF     0x00000200
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_TOUCHSWITCH         0x00008000
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKS              0x00010000
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_SMOOTHSCROLLING     0x00080000
+#define TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKFALLBACKKEYS   0x00100000
+#define TABLET_ENABLE_MULTITOUCHDATA       0x01000000
+#endif
+
+// general states
+static HINSTANCE USER32_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+static HINSTANCE SHELL32_INSTANCE = nullptr;
+const char *LOG_MODULE_NAME = "touch::win8";
+
+/*
+ * dynamic touch functions
+ * to maintain compatibility with windows XP
+ */
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *GetPointerFrameInfoHistory_t)(UINT32, UINT32 *, UINT32 *, POINTER_INFO *);
+typedef BOOL (WINAPI *SkipPointerFrameMessages_t)(UINT32);
+typedef HRESULT (WINAPI *SHGetPropertyStoreForWindow_t)(HWND, REFIID, void **);
+static GetPointerFrameInfoHistory_t pGetPointerFrameInfoHistory = nullptr;
+static SkipPointerFrameMessages_t pSkipPointerFrameMessages = nullptr;
+static SHGetPropertyStoreForWindow_t pSHGetPropertyStoreForWindow = nullptr;
+
+// other
+static const char ATOM_NAME[] = "MicrosoftTabletPenServiceProperty";
+
+static void load_functions() {
+
+    // check if already loaded
+    static bool functions_loaded = false;
+    if (functions_loaded) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // load libraries
+    if (USER32_INSTANCE == nullptr) {
+        USER32_INSTANCE = libutils::load_library("user32.dll");
+    }
+    if (SHELL32_INSTANCE == nullptr) {
+        SHELL32_INSTANCE = libutils::try_library("shell32.dll");
+    }
+
+    // load touch functions
+    pGetPointerFrameInfoHistory = libutils::try_proc<GetPointerFrameInfoHistory_t>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "GetPointerFrameInfoHistory");
+    pSkipPointerFrameMessages = libutils::try_proc<SkipPointerFrameMessages_t>(
+            USER32_INSTANCE, "SkipPointerFrameMessages");
+
+    if (SHELL32_INSTANCE != nullptr) {
+        pSHGetPropertyStoreForWindow = libutils::try_proc<SHGetPropertyStoreForWindow_t>(
+                SHELL32_INSTANCE, "SHGetPropertyStoreForWindow");
+    }
+
+    functions_loaded = true;
+}
+
+Win8Handler::Win8Handler() : TouchHandler("win8") {
+    load_functions();
+}
+
+bool Win8Handler::is_available() {
+    bool have_digitizers = (GetSystemMetrics(94) & 0x80) == 0x80;
+
+    load_functions();
+
+    if (pGetPointerFrameInfoHistory != nullptr) {
+        if (have_digitizers) {
+            log_info(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "Pointer API available");
+        } else {
+            log_info(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "Pointer API available, but no touch screens active");
+        }
+    } else {
+        log_info(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "Pointer API unavailable");
+    }
+
+    return have_digitizers && pGetPointerFrameInfoHistory != nullptr;
+}
+
+bool Win8Handler::window_register(HWND hWnd) {
+
+    // atom settings
+    DWORD dwHwndTabletProperty = TABLET_DISABLE_PRESSANDHOLD |
+                                 TABLET_DISABLE_PENTAPFEEDBACK |
+                                 TABLET_DISABLE_PENBARRELFEEDBACK |
+                                 TABLET_DISABLE_FLICKS;
+
+    // get atom ID
+    ATOM atomID = GlobalAddAtom(ATOM_NAME);
+
+    // disable gestures
+    if (atomID > 0) {
+        SetProp(hWnd, ATOM_NAME, (HANDLE) ((unsigned long long) dwHwndTabletProperty));
+    }
+
+    IPropertyStore *ps = nullptr;
+    HRESULT hr = pSHGetPropertyStoreForWindow(hWnd, IID_IPropertyStore, (void **) &ps);
+
+    if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && ps != nullptr) {
+        PROPERTYKEY PKEY_EdgeGesture_DisableTouchWhenFullscreen = {
+            PKEY_EdgeGesture_DisableTouchWhenFullscreen_Format,
+            2,
+        };
+
+        PROPVARIANT var {};
+        var.vt = VT_BOOL;
+        var.boolVal = VARIANT_TRUE;
+
+        hr = ps->SetValue(PKEY_EdgeGesture_DisableTouchWhenFullscreen, var);
+
+        ps->Release();
+
+        if (FAILED(hr)) {
+            log_warning(LOG_MODULE_NAME, "Failed to disable edge gestures on window");
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool Win8Handler::window_unregister(HWND hWnd) {
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Win8Handler::handle_message(msg_handler_result &result, HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
+
+    // parse touch messages
+    switch (msg) {
+        case WM_POINTERACTIVATE: {
+            result.action = ACTION_RETURN_STORED;
+            result.return_value = PA_ACTIVATE;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        case WM_NCPOINTERUPDATE:
+        case WM_NCPOINTERDOWN:
+        case WM_NCPOINTERUP:
+        case WM_POINTERUPDATE:
+        case WM_POINTERDOWN:
+        case WM_POINTERUP: {
+
+            UINT entries_count = 0, pointer_count = 0;
+
+            if (pGetPointerFrameInfoHistory == nullptr) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (!pGetPointerFrameInfoHistory(GET_POINTERID_WPARAM(wParam), &entries_count, &pointer_count, NULL)) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (entries_count * pointer_count == 0) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            auto pointer_info = std::make_unique<POINTER_INFO[]>(entries_count * pointer_count);
+
+            if (!pGetPointerFrameInfoHistory(GET_POINTERID_WPARAM(wParam), &entries_count, &pointer_count, pointer_info.get())) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            // lock touch points
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_points(TOUCH_POINTS_M);
+            std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock_events(TOUCH_EVENTS_M);
+
+            // iterate all inputs
+            static long prev_x, prev_y;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < entries_count * pointer_count; i++) {
+                auto &pi = pointer_info[i];
+
+                if (pi.pointerFlags & POINTER_FLAG_DOWN) {
+
+                    // convert to window position
+                    POINT point = pi.ptPixelLocation;
+                    ScreenToClient(hWnd, &point);
+
+                    // create new touch point
+                    TouchPoint tp {
+                        .id = pi.pointerId,
+                        .x = point.x,
+                        .y = point.y,
+                        .mouse = false,
+                    };
+                    TOUCH_POINTS.push_back(tp);
+
+                    // add touch down event
+                    TouchEvent te {
+                        .id = tp.id,
+                        .x = tp.x,
+                        .y = tp.y,
+                        .type = TOUCH_DOWN,
+                        .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                    };
+                    add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                    // set prev coordinates
+                    prev_x = point.x;
+                    prev_y = point.y;
+
+                }
+
+                if ((pi.pointerFlags & POINTER_FLAG_UPDATE) != 0) {
+
+                    // convert to window position
+                    POINT point = pi.ptPixelLocation;
+                    ScreenToClient(hWnd, &point);
+
+                    // check prev coordinates
+                    if (point.x != prev_x || point.y != prev_y) {
+
+                        // update point
+                        for (auto &tp : TOUCH_POINTS) {
+                            if (tp.id == pi.pointerId) {
+
+                                // update values
+                                tp.x = point.x;
+                                tp.y = point.y;
+
+                                // add touch move event
+                                TouchEvent te {
+                                    .id = tp.id,
+                                    .x = tp.x,
+                                    .y = tp.y,
+                                    .type = TOUCH_MOVE,
+                                    .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                                };
+                                add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // set prev coordinates
+                    prev_x = point.x;
+                    prev_y = point.y;
+
+                }
+
+                if ((pi.pointerFlags & POINTER_FLAG_UP) != 0) {
+
+                    // remove point
+                    for (size_t x = 0; x < TOUCH_POINTS.size(); x++) {
+                        auto &tp = TOUCH_POINTS[x];
+
+                        if (tp.id == pi.pointerId) {
+
+                            // add touch up event
+                            TouchEvent te {
+                                .id = pi.pointerId,
+                                .x = tp.x,
+                                .y = tp.y,
+                                .type = TOUCH_UP,
+                                .mouse = tp.mouse,
+                            };
+                            add_touch_event(&te);
+
+                            // remove from active touch points
+                            TOUCH_POINTS.erase(TOUCH_POINTS.begin() + x);
+
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (pSkipPointerFrameMessages != nullptr) {
+                pSkipPointerFrameMessages(GET_POINTERID_WPARAM(wParam));
+            }
+
+            // card button
+            update_card_button();
+
+            result.action = ACTION_RETURN_STORED;
+            result.return_value = 0;
+
+            break;
+        }
+        default:
+            break;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/touch/win8.h b/touch/win8.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e548fc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/touch/win8.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "handler.h"
+
+class Win8Handler : public TouchHandler {
+public:
+
+    Win8Handler();
+
+    static bool is_available();
+
+    virtual bool window_register(HWND hWnd) override;
+    virtual bool window_unregister(HWND hWnd) override;
+    virtual void handle_message(msg_handler_result &result, HWND hWnd, UINT msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) override;
+};
diff --git a/util/circular_buffer.h b/util/circular_buffer.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1c27353
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/circular_buffer.h
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <memory>
+#include <vector>
+
+template<class T>
+class circular_buffer {
+public:
+
+    explicit circular_buffer(size_t size) :
+            buf_(std::unique_ptr<T[]>(new T[size])),
+            size_(size) {
+    }
+
+    void put(T item) {
+        buf_[head_] = item;
+        head_ = (head_ + 1) % size_;
+
+        if (head_ == tail_) {
+            tail_ = (tail_ + 1) % size_;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void put_all(const T *items, int size) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
+            this->put(items[i]);
+    }
+
+    void put_all(std::vector<T> items) {
+        for (auto i : items)
+            this->put(i);
+    }
+
+    T get() {
+        if (empty()) {
+            return T();
+        }
+
+        // read data and advance the tail (we now have a free space)
+        auto val = buf_[tail_];
+        tail_ = (tail_ + 1) % size_;
+
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<T> get_all() {
+        std::vector<T> contents;
+        contents.reserve(size());
+
+        while (!empty()) {
+            contents.push_back(get());
+        }
+
+        return contents;
+    }
+
+    T peek() {
+        if (empty()) {
+            return T();
+        }
+
+        // read data
+        return buf_[tail_];
+    }
+
+    T *peek_ptr() {
+        if (empty()) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+
+        // read data
+        return &buf_[tail_];
+    }
+
+    T peek(size_t pos) {
+        if (empty()) {
+            return T();
+        }
+
+        return buf_[(tail_ + pos) % size_];
+    }
+
+    T* peek_ptr(size_t pos) {
+        if (empty())
+            return nullptr;
+
+        return &buf_[(tail_ + pos) % size_];
+    }
+
+    std::vector<T> peek_all() {
+        const auto elements = size();
+        std::vector<T> contents;
+        contents.reserve(size());
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < elements; i++)
+            contents.push_back(peek(i));
+        return contents;
+    }
+
+    void reset() {
+        head_ = tail_;
+    }
+
+    bool empty() {
+
+        // if head and tail are equal, we are empty
+        return head_ == tail_;
+    }
+
+    bool full() {
+
+        // if tail is ahead the head by 1, we are full
+        return ((head_ + 1) % size_) == tail_;
+    }
+
+    size_t size() {
+        if (tail_ > head_)
+            return size_ + head_ - tail_;
+        else
+            return head_ - tail_;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unique_ptr<T[]> buf_;
+    size_t head_ = 0;
+    size_t tail_ = 0;
+    size_t size_;
+};
diff --git a/util/co_task_mem_ptr.h b/util/co_task_mem_ptr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a0571f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/co_task_mem_ptr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <objbase.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+template<typename T>
+class CoTaskMemPtr {
+public:
+    explicit CoTaskMemPtr() {
+    }
+
+    explicit CoTaskMemPtr(T *value) : _ptr(value) {
+    }
+
+    CoTaskMemPtr(const CoTaskMemPtr &) = delete;
+    CoTaskMemPtr &operator=(const CoTaskMemPtr &) = delete;
+
+    ~CoTaskMemPtr() {
+        this->drop();
+    }
+
+    void drop() const noexcept {
+        if (_ptr) {
+            log_misc("co_task_mem_ptr", "dropping {}", fmt::ptr(_ptr));
+            CoTaskMemFree(_ptr);
+        }
+    }
+
+    T *data() const noexcept {
+        return _ptr;
+    }
+
+    T **ppv() noexcept {
+        this->drop();
+
+        return &_ptr;
+    }
+
+    T *operator->() const noexcept {
+        return _ptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    T *_ptr = nullptr;
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/util/cpuutils.cpp b/util/cpuutils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa37735
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cpuutils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,390 @@
+#include "cpuutils.h"
+
+#include <thread>
+
+#define WIN32_NO_STATUS
+#include <windows.h>
+#undef WIN32_NO_STATUS
+
+#include <winternl.h>
+#include <ntstatus.h>
+
+#include "cpuinfo_x86.h"
+
+#include "util/libutils.h"
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+#include "util/unique_plain_ptr.h"
+
+// redefinition of PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP; only win10 exposes EfficiencyClass field
+// instead of setting _WIN32_WINNT to win10 we'll just redefine it to avoid the compat headache
+typedef struct _PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP_WIN10 {
+    BYTE Flags;
+    BYTE EfficiencyClass;
+    BYTE Reserved[20];
+    WORD GroupCount;
+    GROUP_AFFINITY GroupMask[ANYSIZE_ARRAY];
+} PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP_WIN10, *PPROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP_WIN10;
+
+/*
+#ifndef NT_SUCCESS
+#define NT_SUCCESS(Status) (((NTSTATUS)(Status)) >= 0)
+#endif
+*/
+
+using namespace cpu_features;
+
+namespace cpuutils {
+
+    typedef struct _SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION {
+        LARGE_INTEGER IdleTime;
+        LARGE_INTEGER KernelTime;
+        LARGE_INTEGER UserTime;
+        LARGE_INTEGER DpcTime;
+        LARGE_INTEGER InterruptTime;
+        ULONG         InterruptCount;
+    } SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION, *PSYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION;
+
+    typedef NTSTATUS (WINAPI *NtQuerySystemInformation_t)(
+            DWORD SystemInformationClass,
+            PVOID SystemInformation,
+            ULONG SystemInformationLength,
+            PULONG ReturnLength
+    );
+    static NtQuerySystemInformation_t NtQuerySystemInformation = nullptr;
+
+    typedef BOOL (WINAPI *GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx_t)(
+            LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP RelationshipType,
+            PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX Buffer,
+            PDWORD ReturnedLength
+    );
+    static GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx_t GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx = nullptr;
+
+    typedef void (WINAPI *GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx_t)(
+            PPROCESSOR_NUMBER ProcNumber
+    );
+    static GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx_t GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx = nullptr;
+
+    static size_t PROCESSOR_COUNT = 0;
+    static std::vector<SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION> PROCESSOR_STATES;
+    static USHORT PRIMARY_GROUP = UINT16_MAX;
+
+    static void init() {
+
+        // check if done
+        static bool done = false;
+        if (done) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get pointers
+        if (NtQuerySystemInformation == nullptr) {
+            auto ntdll = libutils::try_module("ntdll.dll");
+
+            if (ntdll != nullptr) {
+                NtQuerySystemInformation = libutils::try_proc<NtQuerySystemInformation_t>(
+                        ntdll, "NtQuerySystemInformation");
+
+                if (NtQuerySystemInformation == nullptr) {
+                    log_warning("cpuutils", "NtQuerySystemInformation not found");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // get system info
+        SYSTEM_INFO info {};
+        GetSystemInfo(&info);
+        PROCESSOR_COUNT = info.dwNumberOfProcessors;
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "detected {} processors", PROCESSOR_COUNT);
+
+        done = true;
+        
+        // init processor states
+        get_load();
+    }
+
+    static void init_kernel32_routines() {
+        auto kernel32 = libutils::try_module("kernel32.dll");
+        if (kernel32 == nullptr) {
+            log_warning("cpuutils", "failed to find kernel32");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx == nullptr) {
+            GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx = libutils::try_proc<GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx_t>(
+                    kernel32, "GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx");
+            if (GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx == nullptr) {
+                log_warning("cpuutils", "GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx not found");
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx == nullptr) {
+            GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx = libutils::try_proc<GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx_t>(
+                    kernel32, "GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx");
+            if (GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx == nullptr) {
+                log_warning("cpuutils", "GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx not found");
+            }
+        }
+
+        // figure out the Primary Group for this process
+        // if GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx isn't supported, assume OS only allows single-group
+        // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/procthread/processor-groups
+        if (GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx != nullptr && PRIMARY_GROUP == UINT16_MAX) {
+            PROCESSOR_NUMBER ProcNumber;
+            GetCurrentProcessorNumberEx(&ProcNumber);
+            PRIMARY_GROUP = ProcNumber.Group;
+            log_misc("cpuutils", "primary group: {}", PRIMARY_GROUP);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void print_cpu_features() {
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "dumping processor information...");
+        const auto cpu = GetX86Info();
+
+        // dump cpu id
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "vendor    : {}", cpu.vendor);
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "brand     : {}", cpu.brand_string);
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "family    : {}", cpu.family);
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "model     : {}", cpu.model);
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "stepping  : {}", cpu.stepping);
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "uarch     : {}", 
+            GetX86MicroarchitectureName(GetX86Microarchitecture(&cpu)));
+
+        // dump features        
+        std::string features = "";
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < X86_LAST_; ++i) {
+            if (GetX86FeaturesEnumValue(&cpu.features, static_cast<X86FeaturesEnum>(i))) {
+                features += GetX86FeaturesEnumName(static_cast<X86FeaturesEnum>(i));
+                features += " ";
+            }
+        }
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "features  : {}", features);
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "  SSE4.2  : {}", cpu.features.sse4_2 ? "supported" : "NOT supported");
+        log_misc("cpuutils", "  AVX2    : {}", cpu.features.avx2 ? "supported" : "NOT supported");
+    }
+
+    std::vector<float> get_load() {
+
+        // lazy init
+        cpuutils::init();
+        std::vector<float> cpu_load_values;
+
+        // query system information
+        if (NtQuerySystemInformation) {
+            auto ppi = std::make_unique<SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION[]>(PROCESSOR_COUNT);
+            ULONG ret_len = sizeof(SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION) * PROCESSOR_COUNT;
+            NTSTATUS ret;
+            if (NT_SUCCESS(ret = NtQuerySystemInformation(8, ppi.get(), ret_len, &ret_len))) {
+
+                // check cpu core count
+                auto count = ret_len / sizeof(SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION);
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
+                    auto &pi = ppi[i];
+
+                    // get old state
+                    if (PROCESSOR_STATES.size() <= i) {
+                        PROCESSOR_STATES.push_back(pi);
+                    }
+                    auto &pi_old = PROCESSOR_STATES[i];
+
+                    // get delta state
+                    SYSTEM_PROCESSOR_PERFORMANCE_INFORMATION delta;
+                    delta.DpcTime.QuadPart = pi.DpcTime.QuadPart - pi_old.DpcTime.QuadPart;
+                    delta.InterruptTime.QuadPart = pi.InterruptTime.QuadPart - pi_old.InterruptTime.QuadPart;
+                    delta.UserTime.QuadPart = pi.UserTime.QuadPart - pi_old.UserTime.QuadPart;
+                    delta.KernelTime.QuadPart = pi.KernelTime.QuadPart - pi_old.KernelTime.QuadPart;
+                    delta.IdleTime.QuadPart = pi.IdleTime.QuadPart - pi_old.IdleTime.QuadPart;
+
+                    // calculate total time run
+                    LARGE_INTEGER time_run {
+                        .QuadPart = delta.DpcTime.QuadPart
+                                + delta.InterruptTime.QuadPart
+                                + delta.UserTime.QuadPart
+                                + delta.KernelTime.QuadPart
+                    };
+                    if (time_run.QuadPart == 0) {
+                        time_run.QuadPart = 1;
+                    }
+
+                    // calculate CPU load
+                    cpu_load_values.emplace_back(MIN(MAX(1.f - (
+                            (float) delta.IdleTime.QuadPart / (float) time_run.QuadPart), 0.f), 1.f) * 100.f);
+
+                    // save state
+                    PROCESSOR_STATES[i] = pi;
+                }
+            } else {
+                log_warning("cpuutils", "NtQuerySystemInformation failed: {}", ret);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // return data
+        return cpu_load_values;
+    }
+
+    void set_processor_priority(std::string priority) {
+        DWORD process_priority = HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS;
+        if (priority == "belownormal") {
+            process_priority = BELOW_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
+        } else if (priority == "normal") {
+            process_priority = NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
+        } else if (priority == "abovenormal") {
+            process_priority = ABOVE_NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS;
+        // high is the default so it's skipped!
+        } else if (priority == "realtime") {
+            process_priority = REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS;
+        }
+        // while testing, realtime only worked when being set to high before
+        if (process_priority == REALTIME_PRIORITY_CLASS) {
+            if (!SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), HIGH_PRIORITY_CLASS)) {
+                log_warning("cpuutils", "could not set process priority to high, GLE:{}", GetLastError());
+            }
+        }
+        if (!SetPriorityClass(GetCurrentProcess(), process_priority)) {
+            log_warning("cpuutils", "could not set process priority to {}, GLE:{}", priority, GetLastError());
+        } else {
+            log_info("cpuutils", "SetPriorityClass succeeded, set priority to {}", priority);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void set_processor_affinity(CpuEfficiencyClass eff_class) {
+        DWORD returned_length;
+        BOOL result;
+
+        init_kernel32_routines();
+        if (GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx == nullptr) {
+            return;
+        }
+        
+        // determine buffer size
+        returned_length = 0;
+        result = GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx(
+                    RelationProcessorCore,
+                    nullptr,
+                    &returned_length);
+        if (result || GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER || returned_length == 0) {
+            log_warning("cpuutils", "unexpected return from GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        const auto buffer =
+            util::make_unique_plain<SYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX>(returned_length);
+
+        result = GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx(
+                    RelationProcessorCore,
+                    buffer.get(),
+                    &returned_length);
+        if (!result) {
+            log_warning(
+                "cpuutils",
+                "unexpected return from GetLogicalProcessorInformationEx, GLE:{}",
+                GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        KAFFINITY affinity_eff_0 = 0;
+        KAFFINITY affinity_eff_non_0 = 0;
+        DWORD_PTR byte_offset = 0;
+        PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX procs = buffer.get();
+        while (byte_offset < returned_length) {
+            // ignore processors outside of primary group for this processor
+            // (GroupCount is always 1 for RelationProcessorCore)
+            if (procs->Processor.GroupMask[0].Group != PRIMARY_GROUP) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+
+            // check efficiency class and add up affinities
+            PPROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP_WIN10 relationship =
+                (PPROCESSOR_RELATIONSHIP_WIN10)&procs->Processor;
+            if (relationship->EfficiencyClass == 0) {
+                affinity_eff_0 |= procs->Processor.GroupMask[0].Mask;
+            } else {
+                affinity_eff_non_0 |= procs->Processor.GroupMask[0].Mask;
+            }
+
+            // debug info
+            // log_info("cpuutils", "eff = {}, 0x{:x}", relationship->EfficiencyClass, procs->Processor.GroupMask[0].Mask);
+
+            // move onto next entry
+            byte_offset += procs->Size;
+            procs = (PSYSTEM_LOGICAL_PROCESSOR_INFORMATION_EX)(((PBYTE)procs) + procs->Size);
+        }
+
+        if (affinity_eff_non_0 == 0) {
+            log_warning("cpuutils", "not a heterogeneous system, or OS doesn't understand it; ignoring -processefficiency");
+        } else if (eff_class == CpuEfficiencyClass::PreferECores) {
+            log_info("cpuutils", "force efficient cores: 0x{:x}", affinity_eff_0);
+            set_processor_affinity(affinity_eff_0, true);
+        } else if (eff_class == CpuEfficiencyClass::PreferPCores) {
+            log_info("cpuutils", "force performant cores: 0x{:x}", affinity_eff_non_0);
+            set_processor_affinity(affinity_eff_non_0, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void set_processor_affinity(uint64_t affinity, bool is_user_override) {
+        // two possible sources: user sets a parameter, or game needs errata
+        static bool is_user_override_set = false;
+        if (is_user_override) {
+            is_user_override_set = true;
+        } else if (is_user_override_set) {
+            log_misc(
+                "cpuutils",
+                "ignoring call to set_processor_affinity for 0x{:x}, user already set affinity override",
+                affinity);
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // get system affinity
+        DWORD_PTR sys_affinity;
+        DWORD_PTR proc_affinity;
+        if (GetProcessAffinityMask(GetCurrentProcess(), &proc_affinity, &sys_affinity) != 0) {
+            log_misc(
+                "cpuutils",
+                "GetProcessAffinityMask: process=0x{:x}, system=0x{:x}",
+                proc_affinity, sys_affinity);
+        } else {
+            const auto gle = GetLastError();
+            if (gle == ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) {
+                log_fatal("cpuutils", "GetProcessAffinityMask failed, GLE: ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER.");
+            } else {
+                log_fatal("cpuutils", "GetProcessAffinityMask failed, GLE: {}", gle);
+            }
+        }
+
+        DWORD_PTR affinity_to_apply = sys_affinity & (DWORD_PTR)affinity;
+        log_info(
+            "cpuutils",
+            "affinity mask: 0x{:x} & 0x{:x} = 0x{:x}",
+            sys_affinity, (DWORD_PTR)affinity, affinity_to_apply);
+
+        if (affinity_to_apply == proc_affinity) {
+            log_misc(
+                "cpuutils",
+                "no need to call GetProcessAffinityMask, process affinity is already the desired value");
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // call SetProcessAffinityMask; failures are fatal
+        if (SetProcessAffinityMask(GetCurrentProcess(), affinity_to_apply) != 0) {
+            log_info(
+                "cpuutils",
+                "SetProcessAffinityMask succeeded, affinity set to 0x{:x}",
+                affinity_to_apply);
+        } else {
+            const auto gle = GetLastError();
+            if (gle == ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER) {
+                log_fatal(
+                    "cpuutils",
+                    "SetProcessAffinityMask failed, provided 0x{:x}, GLE: ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER.",
+                    affinity_to_apply);
+            } else {
+                log_fatal(
+                    "cpuutils",
+                    "SetProcessAffinityMask failed, provided 0x{:x}, GLE: {}",
+                    affinity_to_apply,
+                    gle);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/cpuutils.h b/util/cpuutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa757c6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/cpuutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace cpuutils {
+    enum class CpuEfficiencyClass {
+        PreferECores,
+        PreferPCores
+    };
+
+    std::vector<float> get_load();
+    void print_cpu_features();
+    void set_processor_priority(std::string priority);
+    void set_processor_affinity(uint64_t affinity, bool is_user_override);
+    void set_processor_affinity(CpuEfficiencyClass eff_class);
+}
diff --git a/util/crypt.cpp b/util/crypt.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8967abb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/crypt.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#include "crypt.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <wincrypt.h>
+#include <versionhelpers.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+namespace crypt {
+    bool INITIALIZED = false;
+
+    static HCRYPTPROV PROVIDER = 0;
+    static const char *PROVIDER_XP = "Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider (Prototype)";
+    static const char *PROVIDER_DEFAULT = "Microsoft Enhanced RSA and AES Cryptographic Provider";
+
+    void init() {
+
+        // determine provider name
+        const char *provider;
+        if (IsWindowsVistaOrGreater()) {
+            provider = PROVIDER_DEFAULT;
+        } else {
+            provider = PROVIDER_XP;
+        }
+
+        // acquire context
+        if (!CryptAcquireContext(&PROVIDER, nullptr, provider, PROV_RSA_AES, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT | CRYPT_SILENT)) {
+            log_warning("crypt", "could not acquire context: 0x{:08x}", GetLastError());
+            return;
+        }
+
+        INITIALIZED = true;
+    }
+
+    void dispose() {
+        if (!INITIALIZED) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // release context
+        if (!CryptReleaseContext(PROVIDER, 0)) {
+            log_warning("crypt", "could not release context");
+        }
+    }
+
+    void random_bytes(void *data, size_t length) {
+        CryptGenRandom(PROVIDER, (DWORD) length, (BYTE*) data);
+    }
+
+    std::string base64_encode(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) {
+        static const char *table = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
+        static size_t mod[] = {0, 2, 1 };
+        std::string result(4 * ((length + 2) / 3), '=');
+        if (ptr && length) {
+            for (size_t i = 0, j = 0, triplet = 0; i < length; triplet = 0) {
+                for (size_t k = 0; k < 3; ++k) {
+                    triplet = (triplet << 8) | (i < length ? ptr[i++] : 0);
+                }
+                for (size_t k = 4; k--;) {
+                    result[j++] = table[(triplet >> k * 6) & 0x3F];
+                }
+            }
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < mod[length % 3]; i++) {
+                result[result.length() - 1 - i] = '=';
+            }
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/util/crypt.h b/util/crypt.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..25e033c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/crypt.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace crypt {
+    extern bool INITIALIZED;
+
+    void init();
+    void dispose();
+    void random_bytes(void *data, size_t length);
+    std::string base64_encode(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t length);
+}
diff --git a/util/detour.cpp b/util/detour.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..40b1210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/detour.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+#include "detour.h"
+
+#include <mutex>
+
+#include "external/minhook/include/MinHook.h"
+
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "memutils.h"
+#include "peb.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+static void minhook_init() {
+    static std::once_flag init;
+
+    std::call_once(init, []() {
+        MH_Initialize();
+    });
+}
+
+bool detour::inline_hook(void *new_adr, void *address) {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    if (address) {
+        unsigned char patch[] = {0x48, 0xB8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xE0};
+        *(unsigned long long*) &patch[2] = (unsigned long long) new_adr;
+        unsigned int OldProtect = 0;
+        unsigned int Temp = 0;
+        VirtualProtect(address, 4096, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, (PDWORD) &OldProtect);
+        memcpy(address, patch, sizeof(patch));
+        VirtualProtect(address, 4096, OldProtect, (PDWORD) &Temp);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (address) {
+        unsigned int OldProtect = 0;
+        unsigned int Temp = 0;
+        int call = (int) ((signed long long) ((uint8_t*) new_adr - (long long) address - 5));
+        VirtualProtect(address, 4096, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, (PDWORD) &OldProtect);
+        *((unsigned char *) (address)) = 0xE9;
+        *((int *) ((uint8_t*) address + 1)) = call;
+        VirtualProtect(address, 4096, OldProtect, (PDWORD) &Temp);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool detour::inline_noprotect(void *new_adr, void *address) {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    if (address) {
+        unsigned char patch[] = {0x48, 0xB8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xE0};
+        *(unsigned long long *) &patch[2] = (unsigned long long) new_adr;
+        memcpy(address, patch, sizeof(patch));
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (address) {
+        *((unsigned char *) (address)) = 0xE9;
+        *((int *) ((uint8_t*) address + 1)) = (int) ((signed long long) ((uint8_t*) new_adr - (long long) address - 5));
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool detour::inline_preserve(void *new_adr, void *address, char *data) {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    if (address) {
+        unsigned char patch[] = {0x48, 0xB8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xFF, 0xE0};
+        *(unsigned long long*) &patch[2] = (unsigned long long) new_adr;
+        unsigned int OldProtect = 0;
+        VirtualProtect(address, 4096, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, (PDWORD) &OldProtect);
+        memcpy(data, address, sizeof(patch));
+        memcpy(address, patch, sizeof(patch));
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (address) {
+        unsigned int OldProtect = 0;
+        int call = (int) ((signed long long) ((uint8_t*) new_adr - (long long) address - 5));
+        VirtualProtect(address, 4096, PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, (PDWORD) &OldProtect);
+        memcpy(data, address, 5);
+        *((unsigned char *) (address)) = 0xE9;
+        *((int *) ((uint8_t*) address + 1)) = call;
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+bool detour::inline_restore(void *address, char *data) {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    if (address) {
+        memcpy(address, data, 12);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#else
+    if (address) {
+        memcpy(address, data, 5);
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic push
+#pragma ide diagnostic ignored "OCDFAInspection"
+
+static void *pe_offset(void *ptr, size_t offset) {
+    if (offset == 0) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(ptr) + offset;
+}
+
+void **detour::iat_find(const char *function, HMODULE module, const char *iid_name) {
+
+    // check module
+    if (module == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // check signature
+    const IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *pImgDosHeaders = (IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *) module;
+    if (pImgDosHeaders->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+        log_fatal("detour", "signature mismatch ({} != {})", pImgDosHeaders->e_magic, IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE);
+    }
+
+    // get import table
+    const auto nt_headers = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *>(pe_offset(module, pImgDosHeaders->e_lfanew));
+    const auto data_dir = &nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
+    const auto import_table = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR *>(pe_offset(module, data_dir->VirtualAddress));
+
+    // iterate import descriptors
+    DWORD iid_count = 0;
+    for (const IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR *iid = import_table; iid_count < data_dir->Size && iid->Name != 0; iid++) {
+        iid_count++;
+
+        // check name
+        if (iid_name != nullptr) {
+
+            // get name
+            auto name = reinterpret_cast<PCSTR>(RtlOffsetToPointer(module, iid->Name));
+
+            // skip if it's not the correct module
+            if (_stricmp(name, iid_name) != 0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // iterate functions
+        for (SIZE_T funcIdx = 0; *(funcIdx + (LPVOID *) pe_offset(module, iid->FirstThunk)) != nullptr; funcIdx++) {
+
+            // get function name
+            auto imports = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t *>(pe_offset(module, iid->OriginalFirstThunk));
+            if (imports == nullptr) {
+                break;
+            }
+
+            auto import = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_IMPORT_BY_NAME *>(pe_offset(module, imports[funcIdx]));
+
+            auto import_name = reinterpret_cast<volatile void *>(import->Name);
+            auto import_name_ptr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(import->Name);
+
+            // check string
+            if (import_name != nullptr && !IMAGE_SNAP_BY_ORDINAL(import_name_ptr)) {
+
+                // compare function names
+                if (!_stricmp(function, import->Name)) {
+                    return funcIdx + (LPVOID *) pe_offset(module, iid->FirstThunk);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // nothing found
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void **detour::iat_find_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, HMODULE module) {
+
+    // check module
+    if (module == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // check signature
+    const auto pImgDosHeaders = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *>(module);
+    if (pImgDosHeaders->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+        log_fatal("detour", "signature error");
+    }
+
+    // get import table
+    const auto nt_headers = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *>(pe_offset(module, pImgDosHeaders->e_lfanew));
+    const auto data_dir = &nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
+    const auto import_table = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR *>(pe_offset(module, data_dir->VirtualAddress));
+
+    // iterate import descriptors
+    DWORD iid_count = 0;
+    for (const IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR *iid = import_table; iid_count < data_dir->Size && iid->Name != 0; iid++) {
+        iid_count++;
+
+        // get name, original first thunk (ILT), and array of function pointers
+        auto name = reinterpret_cast<PCSTR>(pe_offset(module, iid->Name));
+        auto OriginalFirstThunk = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_THUNK_DATA>(pe_offset(module, iid->OriginalFirstThunk));
+        auto FirstThunk = reinterpret_cast<void **>(pe_offset(module, iid->FirstThunk));
+
+        // skip if it's not the correct module
+        if (_stricmp(name, iid_name) != 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // iterate functions
+        for (SIZE_T funcIdx = 0; *(funcIdx + (LPVOID *) pe_offset(module, iid->FirstThunk)) != nullptr; funcIdx++) {
+            auto thunk = &OriginalFirstThunk[funcIdx];
+            if (IMAGE_SNAP_BY_ORDINAL(thunk->u1.Ordinal)) {
+
+                // check if the ordinal matches
+                if (IMAGE_ORDINAL(thunk->u1.Ordinal) == ordinal) {
+                    return &FirstThunk[funcIdx];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // nothing found
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+void **detour::iat_find_proc(const char *iid_name, void *proc, HMODULE module) {
+
+    // check module
+    if (module == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // check proc
+    if (proc == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // check signature
+    const auto pImgDosHeaders = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_DOS_HEADER *>(module);
+    if (pImgDosHeaders->e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+        log_fatal("detour", "signature error");
+    }
+
+    // get import table
+    const auto nt_headers = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *>(pe_offset(module, pImgDosHeaders->e_lfanew));
+    const auto data_dir = &nt_headers->OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT];
+    const auto import_table = reinterpret_cast<IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR *>(pe_offset(module, data_dir->VirtualAddress));
+
+    // iterate import descriptors
+    DWORD iid_count = 0;
+    for (const IMAGE_IMPORT_DESCRIPTOR *iid = import_table; iid_count < data_dir->Size && iid->Name != 0; iid++) {
+        iid_count++;
+
+        // get name and array of function pointers
+        auto name = reinterpret_cast<PCSTR>(pe_offset(module, iid->Name));
+        auto FirstThunk = reinterpret_cast<void **>(pe_offset(module, iid->FirstThunk));
+
+        // skip if it's not the correct module
+        if (_stricmp(name, iid_name) != 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // iterate functions
+        for (SIZE_T funcIdx = 0; *(funcIdx + (LPVOID *) pe_offset(module, iid->FirstThunk)) != nullptr; funcIdx++) {
+
+            // check if the destination matches proc
+            if (FirstThunk[funcIdx] == proc) {
+                return &FirstThunk[funcIdx];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // nothing found
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+#pragma clang diagnostic pop
+
+void *detour::iat_try(const char *function, void *new_func, HMODULE module, const char *iid_name) {
+
+    // apply to all loaded modules by default
+    if (module == nullptr) {
+        void *ret = nullptr;
+        auto cur_entry = peb::entry_first();
+
+        while (cur_entry != nullptr) {
+            module = reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(cur_entry->DllBase);
+
+            if (module) {
+                auto old_func = iat_try(function, new_func, module, iid_name);
+                ret = ret != nullptr ? ret : old_func;
+            }
+
+            cur_entry = peb::entry_next(cur_entry);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // find entry
+    void **func_ptr = iat_find(function, module, iid_name);
+
+    // check entry
+    if (!func_ptr || !*func_ptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // save original
+    void *real_func = *func_ptr;
+
+    // patch
+    memutils::VProtectGuard func_ptr_guard(func_ptr, sizeof(LPVOID));
+    *func_ptr = new_func;
+
+    return real_func;
+}
+
+void *detour::iat_try_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, void *new_func, HMODULE module) {
+
+    // fail when no module was specified
+    if (module == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // find entry
+    void **func_ptr = iat_find_ordinal(iid_name, ordinal, module);
+
+    // check entry
+    if (!func_ptr || !*func_ptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // save original
+    void *real_func = *func_ptr;
+
+    // patch
+    memutils::VProtectGuard func_ptr_guard(func_ptr, sizeof(LPVOID));
+    *func_ptr = new_func;
+
+    return real_func;
+}
+
+void *detour::iat_try_proc(const char *iid_name, void *proc, void *new_func, HMODULE module) {
+
+    // check proc
+    if (proc == nullptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // apply to all loaded modules by default
+    if (module == nullptr) {
+        void *ret = nullptr;
+        auto cur_entry = peb::entry_first();
+
+        while (cur_entry != nullptr) {
+            module = reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(cur_entry->DllBase);
+
+            if (module) {
+                auto old_func = iat_try_proc(iid_name, proc, new_func, module);
+                ret = ret != nullptr ? ret : old_func;
+            }
+
+            cur_entry = peb::entry_next(cur_entry);
+        }
+
+        return ret;
+    }
+
+    // find entry
+    void **func_ptr = iat_find_proc(iid_name, proc, module);
+
+    // check entry
+    if (!func_ptr || !*func_ptr) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // save original
+    void *real_func = *func_ptr;
+
+    // patch
+    memutils::VProtectGuard func_ptr_guard(func_ptr, sizeof(LPVOID));
+    *func_ptr = new_func;
+
+    return real_func;
+}
+
+void *detour::iat(const char *function, void *new_func, HMODULE module) {
+    void *func_ptr = iat_try(function, new_func, module);
+    if (!func_ptr) {
+        log_fatal("detour", "could not hook {}", function);
+    }
+    return func_ptr;
+}
+
+void *detour::iat_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, void *new_func, HMODULE module) {
+    void *func_ptr = iat_try_ordinal(iid_name, ordinal, new_func, module);
+    if (!func_ptr) {
+        log_fatal("detour", "could not hook {}: {}", iid_name, ordinal);
+    }
+    return func_ptr;
+}
+
+bool detour::trampoline(const char *dll, const char *func, void *hook, void **orig) {
+    if (!trampoline_try(dll, func, hook, orig)) {
+        log_fatal("detour", "could not insert trampoline for {}:{}", dll, func);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool detour::trampoline(void *func, void *hook, void **orig) {
+    if (!trampoline_try(func, hook, orig)) {
+        log_fatal("detour", "could not insert trampoline for {}", func);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool detour::trampoline_try(const char *dll, const char *func, void *hook, void **orig) {
+    minhook_init();
+    auto dll_w = s2ws(dll);
+    auto target = *orig;
+    auto create = MH_CreateHookApi(dll_w.c_str(), func, hook, orig);
+    if (create != MH_OK) {
+        // log_warning("detour", "MH_CreateHookApi({}, {}): {}", dll, func, MH_StatusToString(create));
+        return false;
+    }
+    return !(MH_EnableHook(target) != MH_OK);
+}
+
+bool detour::trampoline_try(void *func, void *hook, void **orig) {
+    minhook_init();
+    auto target = *orig;
+    if (MH_CreateHook(func, hook, orig) != MH_OK) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return !(MH_EnableHook(target) != MH_OK);
+}
diff --git a/util/detour.h b/util/detour.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2c3ca34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/detour.h
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#define VTBL_TYPE(TYPE, MEMBER) decltype(((TYPE *) 0)->lpVtbl->MEMBER)
+
+namespace detour {
+
+    /*
+     * Inline hooks
+     */
+
+    bool inline_hook(void *new_adr, void *address);
+    bool inline_noprotect(void *new_adr, void *address);
+    bool inline_preserve(void *new_adr, void *address, char *data);
+    bool inline_restore(void *address, char *data);
+    bool trampoline(const char *dll, const char *func, void *hook, void **orig);
+    bool trampoline(void *func, void *hook, void **orig);
+    bool trampoline_try(const char *dll, const char *func, void *hook, void **orig);
+    bool trampoline_try(void *func, void *hook, void **orig);
+
+    /*
+     * Inline hook aliases
+     */
+
+    template<typename T, typename U>
+    inline bool inline_hook(T new_adr, U address) {
+        return inline_hook(
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(new_adr),
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(address));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline bool trampoline(const char *dll, const char *func, T hook, T *orig) {
+        return trampoline(
+                dll,
+                func,
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(hook),
+                reinterpret_cast<void **>(orig));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline bool trampoline(T func, T hook, T *orig) {
+        return trampoline(
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(func),
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(hook),
+                reinterpret_cast<void **>(orig));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline bool trampoline_try(const char *dll, const char *func, T hook, T *orig) {
+        return trampoline_try(
+                dll,
+                func,
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(hook),
+                reinterpret_cast<void **>(orig));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline bool trampoline_try(T func, T hook, T *orig) {
+        return trampoline_try(
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(func),
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(hook),
+                reinterpret_cast<void **>(orig));
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * IAT hooks
+     */
+
+    // for finding IAT entries - you probably won't need to use those yourself
+    void **iat_find(const char *function, HMODULE module, const char *iid_name = nullptr);
+    void **iat_find_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, HMODULE module);
+    void **iat_find_proc(const char *iid_name, void *proc, HMODULE module);
+
+    // best effort hooks - they will fail silently
+    void *iat_try(const char *function, void *new_func, HMODULE module = nullptr, const char *iid_name = nullptr);
+    void *iat_try_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, void *new_func, HMODULE module);
+    void *iat_try_proc(const char *iid_name, void *proc, void *new_func, HMODULE module = nullptr);
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T iat_try(const char *function, T new_func, HMODULE module = nullptr, const char *iid_name = nullptr) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(iat_try(function, reinterpret_cast<void *>(new_func), module, iid_name));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T iat_try_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, T new_func, HMODULE module) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(iat_try_ordinal(iid_name, ordinal, reinterpret_cast<void *>(new_func), module));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T iat_try_proc(const char *iid_name, T proc, T new_func, HMODULE module = nullptr) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(iat_try_proc(
+                    iid_name,
+                    reinterpret_cast<void *>(proc),
+                    reinterpret_cast<void *>(new_func),
+                    module));
+    }
+
+    // guaranteed hooks - they will stop the program on failure
+    void *iat(const char *function, void *new_func, HMODULE module = nullptr);
+    void *iat_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, void *new_func, HMODULE module);
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T iat(const char *iid_name, T new_func, HMODULE module = nullptr) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(iat(iid_name, reinterpret_cast<void *>(new_func), module));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T iat_ordinal(const char *iid_name, DWORD ordinal, T new_func, HMODULE module = nullptr) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(iat_ordinal(iid_name, ordinal, reinterpret_cast<void *>(new_func), module));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/fileutils.cpp b/util/fileutils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..96d3162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/fileutils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
+#include "fileutils.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <direct.h>
+
+#include "logging.h"
+
+bool fileutils::file_exists(LPCSTR szPath) {
+    DWORD dwAttrib = GetFileAttributesA(szPath);
+    return (dwAttrib != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
+            !(dwAttrib & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY));
+}
+bool fileutils::file_exists(LPCWSTR szPath) {
+    DWORD dwAttrib = GetFileAttributesW(szPath);
+    return (dwAttrib != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES &&
+            !(dwAttrib & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY));
+}
+
+bool fileutils::file_exists(const std::string &file_path) {
+    return file_exists(file_path.c_str());
+}
+bool fileutils::file_exists(const std::filesystem::path &file_path) {
+    return file_exists(file_path.c_str());
+}
+
+bool fileutils::verify_header_pe(const std::filesystem::path &file_path) {
+    if (!file_exists(file_path)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // open file
+    HANDLE dll_file;
+    dll_file = CreateFileW(
+            file_path.c_str(),
+            GENERIC_READ,
+            FILE_SHARE_READ,
+            NULL,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
+            0);
+    if (!dll_file) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get size
+    LARGE_INTEGER dll_file_size;
+    if (!GetFileSizeEx(dll_file, &dll_file_size) || (size_t) dll_file_size.QuadPart < sizeof(PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER)) {
+        CloseHandle(dll_file);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // create file mapping
+    HANDLE dll_mapping = CreateFileMappingW(dll_file, NULL, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, NULL);
+    if (!dll_mapping) {
+        CloseHandle(dll_file);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // map view of file
+    LPVOID dll_file_base = MapViewOfFile(dll_mapping, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (!dll_file_base) {
+        CloseHandle(dll_file);
+        CloseHandle(dll_mapping);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // verify header
+    bool valid = false;
+    auto dll_dos = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER>(dll_file_base);
+    if (dll_dos->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+
+        // verify architecture
+        auto dll_nt = (PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS) ((uint8_t*) dll_dos + dll_dos->e_lfanew);
+        if ((size_t) dll_nt - (size_t) dll_file_base < (size_t) dll_file_size.QuadPart) {
+            auto dll_file_header = (PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER) &dll_nt->FileHeader;
+            if ((size_t) dll_file_header - (size_t) dll_file_base < (size_t) dll_file_size.QuadPart) {
+#if SPICE64
+                valid = dll_file_header->Machine == IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_AMD64;
+                if (!valid) {
+                    log_fatal("fileutils",
+                            "{} (32 bit) can't be loaded using spice64.exe - please use spice.exe for this game.",
+                            file_path.string());
+                }
+#else
+                valid = dll_file_header->Machine == IMAGE_FILE_MACHINE_I386;
+                if (!valid) {
+                    log_fatal("fileutils",
+                            "{} (64 bit) can't be loaded using spice.exe - please use spice64.exe for this game.",
+                            file_path.string());
+                }
+#endif
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // clean up and return
+    UnmapViewOfFile(dll_file_base);
+    CloseHandle(dll_file);
+    CloseHandle(dll_mapping);
+    return valid;
+}
+
+bool fileutils::version_pe(const std::filesystem::path &file_path, char *ver) {
+    DWORD dwHandle = 0;
+    DWORD dwLen = GetFileVersionInfoSizeW(file_path.c_str(), &dwHandle);
+    if (!dwLen) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    auto buf = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(dwLen);
+    if (!GetFileVersionInfoW(file_path.c_str(), dwHandle, dwLen, buf.get())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    VS_FIXEDFILEINFO *pvi = nullptr;
+    UINT uLen = 0;
+    if (!VerQueryValueW(buf.get(), L"\\", reinterpret_cast<void **>(&pvi), &uLen)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    sprintf(ver, "%d.%d.%d.%d",
+            (int) (pvi->dwProductVersionMS >> 16),
+            (int) (pvi->dwFileVersionMS & 0xFFFF),
+            (int) (pvi->dwFileVersionLS >> 16),
+            (int) (pvi->dwFileVersionLS & 0xFFFF));
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool fileutils::dir_exists(const std::filesystem::path &dir_path) {
+    std::error_code err;
+
+    auto status = std::filesystem::status(dir_path, err);
+
+    if (err) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return std::filesystem::is_directory(status);
+}
+
+bool fileutils::dir_create(const std::filesystem::path &dir_path) {
+    std::error_code err;
+
+    auto ret = std::filesystem::create_directory(dir_path, err);
+
+    return ret && !err;
+}
+
+bool fileutils::dir_create_log(const std::string_view &module, const std::filesystem::path &dir_path) {
+    std::error_code err;
+
+    auto ret = std::filesystem::create_directory(dir_path, err);
+
+    if (err) {
+        log_warning(module, "failed to create directory '{}': {}", dir_path.string(), err.message());
+    } else if (ret) {
+        log_misc(module, "created directory '{}'", dir_path.string());
+    }
+
+    return ret && !err;
+}
+
+bool fileutils::dir_create_recursive(const std::filesystem::path &dir_path) {
+    std::error_code err;
+
+    auto ret = std::filesystem::create_directories(dir_path, err);
+
+    return ret && !err;
+}
+
+bool fileutils::dir_create_recursive_log(const std::string_view &module, const std::filesystem::path &dir_path) {
+    std::error_code err;
+
+    auto ret = std::filesystem::create_directories(dir_path, err);
+
+    if (err) {
+        log_warning(module, "failed to create directory (recursive) '{}': {}", dir_path.string(), err.message());
+    } else if (ret) {
+        log_misc(module, "created directory (recursive) '{}'", dir_path.string());
+    }
+
+    return ret && !err;
+}
+
+void fileutils::dir_scan(const std::string &path, std::vector<std::string> &vec, bool recursive) {
+
+    // check directory
+    if (std::filesystem::exists(path) && std::filesystem::is_directory(path)) {
+        if (recursive) {
+            for (const auto &entry : std::filesystem::recursive_directory_iterator(path)) {
+                if (!std::filesystem::is_directory(entry)) {
+                    auto path = entry.path().string();
+                    vec.emplace_back(std::move(path));
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            for (const auto &entry : std::filesystem::directory_iterator(path)) {
+                if (!std::filesystem::is_directory(entry)) {
+                    auto path = entry.path().string();
+                    vec.emplace_back(std::move(path));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // determinism
+    std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
+}
+
+bool fileutils::text_write(const std::filesystem::path &file_path, std::string text) {
+    std::ofstream out(file_path, std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
+    if (out) {
+        out << text;
+        out.close();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::string fileutils::text_read(const std::filesystem::path &file_path) {
+    std::ifstream in(file_path, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary);
+    if (in) {
+        std::string contents;
+        in.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
+        contents.reserve(in.tellg());
+        in.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+        std::copy(std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(in),
+                  std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(),
+                  std::back_inserter(contents));
+        in.close();
+        return contents;
+    }
+    return std::string();
+}
+
+
+bool fileutils::bin_write(const std::filesystem::path &path, uint8_t *data, size_t len) {
+
+    // write to disk
+    std::ofstream out(path, std::ios::out | std::ios::binary);
+    if (out) {
+        out.write((const char*) data, len);
+        out.close();
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+std::vector<uint8_t> *fileutils::bin_read(const std::filesystem::path &path) {
+
+    // read from disk
+    std::ifstream in(path, std::ios::in | std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
+    auto contents = new std::vector<uint8_t>();
+    if (in) {
+        contents->resize((unsigned) in.tellg());
+        in.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+        if (!in.read((char*) contents->data(), contents->size())) {
+            contents->clear();
+        }
+        in.close();
+    }
+    return contents;
+}
diff --git a/util/fileutils.h b/util/fileutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c725bd4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/fileutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace fileutils {
+
+    // file existence
+    bool file_exists(LPCSTR szPath);
+    bool file_exists(LPCWSTR szPath);
+    bool file_exists(const std::string &file_path);
+    bool file_exists(const std::filesystem::path &file_path);
+
+    // file headers
+    bool verify_header_pe(const std::filesystem::path &file_path);
+
+    // versions
+    bool version_pe(const std::filesystem::path &file_path, char *ver);
+
+    // directories
+    bool dir_exists(const std::filesystem::path &dir_path);
+    bool dir_create(const std::filesystem::path &dir_path);
+    bool dir_create_log(const std::string_view &module, const std::filesystem::path &dir_path);
+    bool dir_create_recursive(const std::filesystem::path &dir_path);
+    bool dir_create_recursive_log(const std::string_view &module, const std::filesystem::path &dir_path);
+    void dir_scan(const std::string &path, std::vector<std::string> &vec, bool recursive);
+
+    // IO
+    bool text_write(const std::filesystem::path &file_path, std::string text);
+    std::string text_read(const std::filesystem::path &file_path);
+    bool bin_write(const std::filesystem::path &path, uint8_t *data, size_t len);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> *bin_read(const std::filesystem::path &path);
+}
diff --git a/util/flags_helper.h b/util/flags_helper.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cce0d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/flags_helper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "external/fmt/include/fmt/format.h"
+
+#define ENUM_VARIANT(value) case (value): return #value
+
+#define FLAGS_START(VAR) \
+    if ((VAR) == 0) { \
+        return "0x0"; \
+    } \
+    \
+    bool first = true; \
+    std::string result
+
+#define FLAG(VAR, value) \
+    do { \
+        if ((VAR) & (value)) { \
+            if (!first) { \
+                result += " | "; \
+            } \
+            first = false; \
+            result += (#value); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+
+#define FLAGS_END(VAR) \
+    if (result.empty()) { \
+        result = fmt::format("0x{:08x}", (VAR)); \
+    } \
+    \
+    return result
diff --git a/util/libutils.cpp b/util/libutils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..82896db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/libutils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+#include "libutils.h"
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <psapi.h>
+#include <shlwapi.h>
+
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+#include "peb.h"
+
+std::filesystem::path libutils::module_file_name(HMODULE module) {
+    std::wstring buf;
+    buf.resize(MAX_PATH + 1);
+
+    while (true) {
+        auto size = GetModuleFileNameW(nullptr, buf.data(), buf.capacity());
+
+        if (GetLastError() != ERROR_INSUFFICIENT_BUFFER) {
+            buf.resize(size);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        buf.resize(buf.size() * 2);
+    }
+
+    return std::filesystem::path(std::move(buf));
+}
+
+static inline void load_library_fail(const std::string &file_name, bool fatal) {
+    std::string info_str { fmt::format(
+        "\n\nPlease check if {} exists and the permissions are fine.\n"
+        "If the problem still persists, try installing:\n"
+        "* DirectX End-User Runtimes (June 2010) \n"
+        "    https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=8109 \n"
+        "* Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable Runtimes (*all* versions, x86 *AND* x64)\n"
+        "    https://github.com/abbodi1406/vcredist (recommended All-In-One installer)\n"
+        "    You may need to run the installer *multiple times* and reboot after each install\n"
+        "* Running Windows 10 \"N\" or \"KN\" Editions?\n"
+        "    Grab: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/mediafeaturepack \n"
+        "    Check: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4562569/media-feature-pack-for-windows-10-n-may-2020 \n"
+        "* Running Windows 7 \"N\" or \"KN\" Editions?\n"
+        "    x86: https://web.archive.org/web/20190810145509/https://download.microsoft.com/download/B/9/B/B9BED058-8669-490E-BA61-D502E4E8BEB1/Windows6.1-KB968211-x86-RefreshPkg.msu \n"
+        "    x64: https://web.archive.org/web/20190810145509/https://download.microsoft.com/download/B/9/B/B9BED058-8669-490E-BA61-D502E4E8BEB1/Windows6.1-KB968211-x64-RefreshPkg.msu \n"
+        "* Still have problems after installing above?\n"
+        "    Ensure you do NOT have multiple copies of the game DLLs\n"
+        "    Ensure the game DLLs are in the correct place, and double check -modules parameter\n"
+        "    Certain games require specific NVIDIA DLLs when running with AMD/Intel GPUs (hint: look inside stub directory)\n"
+        "    Find the missing dependency using:\n"
+        "        https://github.com/lucasg/Dependencies (recommended for most) \n"
+        "        http://www.dependencywalker.com/ (for old OS) \n"
+    , file_name) };
+    if (fatal) {
+        log_fatal("libutils", "{}", info_str);
+    } else {
+        log_warning("libutils", "{}", info_str);
+    }
+}
+
+HMODULE libutils::load_library(const char *module_name, bool fatal) {
+    HMODULE module = LoadLibraryA(module_name);
+
+    if (!module) {
+        log_warning("libutils", "'{}' couldn't be loaded: {}", module_name, get_last_error_string());
+        std::string file_name(PathFindFileNameA(module_name));
+        load_library_fail(file_name, fatal);
+    }
+
+    return module;
+}
+
+HMODULE libutils::load_library(const std::filesystem::path &path, bool fatal) {
+    HMODULE module = LoadLibraryW(path.c_str());
+
+    if (!module) {
+        log_warning("libutils", "'{}' couldn't be loaded: {}", path.string(), get_last_error_string());
+        load_library_fail(path.filename().string(), fatal);
+    }
+
+    return module;
+}
+
+HMODULE libutils::try_library(const char *module_name) {
+    return LoadLibraryA(module_name);
+}
+
+HMODULE libutils::try_library(const std::filesystem::path &path) {
+    return LoadLibraryW(path.c_str());
+}
+
+HMODULE libutils::get_module(const char *module_name) {
+    HMODULE module = GetModuleHandleA(module_name);
+    if (!module) {
+        log_fatal("libutils", "'{}' could not be loaded: {}", module_name, get_last_error_string());
+    }
+    return module;
+}
+
+HMODULE libutils::try_module(const char *module_name) {
+    return GetModuleHandleA(module_name);
+}
+
+HMODULE libutils::try_module(const std::filesystem::path &module_path) {
+    return GetModuleHandleW(module_path.c_str());
+}
+
+FARPROC libutils::get_proc(const char *proc_name) {
+
+    // iterate loaded modules
+    auto cur_entry = peb::entry_first();
+    while (cur_entry != nullptr) {
+
+        // check if this module contains the function
+        auto proc = try_proc(reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(cur_entry->DllBase), proc_name);
+        if (proc) {
+            return proc;
+        }
+
+        // next entry
+        cur_entry = peb::entry_next(cur_entry);
+    }
+
+    // function not found
+    log_fatal("libutils", "'{}' not found", proc_name);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+FARPROC libutils::get_proc(HMODULE module, LPCSTR proc) {
+    auto value = GetProcAddress(module, proc);
+
+    if (!value) {
+        log_fatal("libutils", "'{}' not found", proc);
+    }
+
+    return value;
+}
+
+FARPROC libutils::get_proc_list(HMODULE module, std::initializer_list<const char *> list) {
+    FARPROC value = nullptr;
+    for (auto proc_name : list) {
+        value = GetProcAddress(module, proc_name);
+        if (value) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // error out
+    log_fatal("libutils", "{} not found", *list.begin());
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+FARPROC libutils::try_proc(const char *proc_name) {
+
+    // iterate loaded modules
+    auto cur_entry = peb::entry_first();
+    while (cur_entry != nullptr) {
+
+        // check if this module contains the function
+        auto proc = try_proc(reinterpret_cast<HMODULE>(cur_entry->DllBase), proc_name);
+        if (proc) {
+            return proc;
+        }
+
+        // next entry
+        cur_entry = peb::entry_next(cur_entry);
+    }
+
+    // function not found
+    return 0;
+}
+
+FARPROC libutils::try_proc(HMODULE module, const char *proc_name) {
+    FARPROC value = GetProcAddress(module, proc_name);
+    if (!value) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    return value;
+}
+
+FARPROC libutils::try_proc_list(HMODULE module, std::initializer_list<const char *> list) {
+    for (auto proc_name : list) {
+        auto value = GetProcAddress(module, proc_name);
+        if (value) {
+            return value;
+        }
+    }
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+intptr_t libutils::rva2offset(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *nt_headers, intptr_t rva) {
+
+    // iterate sections
+    const auto section_count = nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
+    const IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER *section_header = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(nt_headers);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < section_count; i++) {
+
+        // check if RVA is within section
+        if (section_header->VirtualAddress <= (DWORD) rva) {
+            if ((section_header->VirtualAddress + section_header->Misc.VirtualSize) > (DWORD) rva) {
+                rva -= section_header->VirtualAddress;
+                rva += section_header->PointerToRawData;
+                return rva;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // next section
+        section_header++;
+    }
+
+    // offset out of bounds
+    return -1;
+}
+
+
+intptr_t libutils::rva2offset(const std::filesystem::path &path, intptr_t rva) {
+
+    // open file
+    HANDLE dll_file = CreateFileW(
+            path.c_str(),
+            GENERIC_READ,
+            FILE_SHARE_READ,
+            NULL,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
+            0);
+    if (!dll_file) {
+        return ~0;
+    }
+
+    // create file mapping
+    HANDLE dll_mapping = CreateFileMappingW(dll_file, nullptr, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, nullptr);
+    if (!dll_mapping) {
+        CloseHandle(dll_file);
+        log_warning("libutils", "could not create file mapping for {}", path.string());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // map view of file
+    LPVOID dll_file_base = MapViewOfFile(dll_mapping, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (!dll_file_base) {
+        CloseHandle(dll_file);
+        CloseHandle(dll_mapping);
+        log_warning("libutils", "could not map view of file for {}", path.string());
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // get offset
+    intptr_t offset = -1;
+    auto dll_dos = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER>(dll_file_base);
+    if (dll_dos->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+        auto dll_nt = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(dll_dos) + dll_dos->e_lfanew);
+        offset = libutils::rva2offset(dll_nt, rva);
+    }
+
+    // clean up and return
+    UnmapViewOfFile(dll_file_base);
+    CloseHandle(dll_file);
+    CloseHandle(dll_mapping);
+    return offset;
+}
+
+intptr_t libutils::offset2rva(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *nt_headers, intptr_t offset) {
+
+    // iterate sections
+    auto section_count = nt_headers->FileHeader.NumberOfSections;
+    PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER section_header = IMAGE_FIRST_SECTION(nt_headers);
+    for (int i = 0; i < section_count; i++) {
+
+        // check if offset is within section
+        if (section_header->PointerToRawData <= static_cast<DWORD>(offset)) {
+            if ((section_header->PointerToRawData + section_header->SizeOfRawData) > static_cast<DWORD>(offset)) {
+                offset -= section_header->PointerToRawData;
+                offset += section_header->VirtualAddress;
+                return offset;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // next section
+        section_header++;
+    }
+
+    // offset out of bounds
+    return -1;
+}
+
+intptr_t libutils::offset2rva(const std::filesystem::path &path, intptr_t offset) {
+
+    // open file
+    HANDLE dll_file = CreateFileW(
+            path.c_str(),
+            GENERIC_READ,
+            FILE_SHARE_READ,
+            nullptr,
+            OPEN_EXISTING,
+            FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL,
+            0);
+    if (!dll_file) {
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // create file mapping
+    HANDLE dll_mapping = CreateFileMappingW(dll_file, nullptr, PAGE_READONLY, 0, 0, nullptr);
+    if (!dll_mapping) {
+        log_warning("libutils", "could not create file mapping for {}: {}", path.string(), get_last_error_string());
+        CloseHandle(dll_file);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // map view of file
+    LPVOID dll_file_base = MapViewOfFile(dll_mapping, FILE_MAP_READ, 0, 0, 0);
+    if (!dll_file_base) {
+        log_warning("libutils", "could not map view of file for {}: {}", path.string(), get_last_error_string());
+        CloseHandle(dll_file);
+        CloseHandle(dll_mapping);
+        return -1;
+    }
+
+    // get RVA
+    intptr_t rva = -1;
+    auto dll_dos = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_DOS_HEADER>(dll_file_base);
+    if (dll_dos->e_magic == IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+        auto dll_nt = reinterpret_cast<PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS>(reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(dll_dos) + dll_dos->e_lfanew);
+        rva = libutils::offset2rva(dll_nt, offset);
+    }
+
+    // clean up
+    UnmapViewOfFile(dll_file_base);
+    CloseHandle(dll_file);
+    CloseHandle(dll_mapping);
+
+    return rva;
+}
diff --git a/util/libutils.h b/util/libutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e3cf06a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/libutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <initializer_list>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace libutils {
+
+    // loaded module handle helpers
+    std::filesystem::path module_file_name(HMODULE module);
+
+    // load library helpers
+    HMODULE load_library(const char *module_name, bool fatal = true);
+    HMODULE load_library(const std::filesystem::path &path, bool fatal = true);
+    HMODULE try_library(const char *module_name);
+    HMODULE try_library(const std::filesystem::path &path);
+
+    inline HMODULE load_library(const std::string &module_name) {
+        return load_library(module_name.c_str());
+    }
+    inline HMODULE try_library(const std::string &module_name) {
+        return try_library(module_name.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // get module handle helpers
+    HMODULE get_module(const char *module_name);
+    HMODULE try_module(const char *module_name);
+    HMODULE try_module(const std::filesystem::path &module_path);
+
+    inline HMODULE get_module(const std::string &module_name) {
+        return get_module(module_name.c_str());
+    }
+    inline HMODULE try_module(const std::string &module_name) {
+        return try_module(module_name.c_str());
+    }
+
+    // get proc address helpers
+    FARPROC get_proc(const char *proc_name);
+    FARPROC get_proc(HMODULE module, const char *proc_name);
+    FARPROC get_proc_list(HMODULE module, std::initializer_list<const char *> list);
+    FARPROC try_proc(const char *proc_name);
+    FARPROC try_proc(HMODULE module, const char *proc_name);
+    FARPROC try_proc_list(HMODULE module, std::initializer_list<const char *> list);
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T get_proc(const char *proc_name) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(get_proc(proc_name));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T get_proc(HMODULE module, const char *proc_name) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(get_proc(module, proc_name));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T get_proc_list(HMODULE module, std::initializer_list<const char *> list) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(get_proc_list(module, list));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T try_proc(const char *proc_name) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(try_proc(proc_name));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T try_proc(HMODULE module, const char *proc_name) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(try_proc(module, proc_name));
+    }
+    template<typename T>
+    inline T try_proc_list(HMODULE module, std::initializer_list<const char *> list) {
+        return reinterpret_cast<T>(try_proc_list(module, list));
+    }
+
+    // offset helpers
+    intptr_t rva2offset(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *nt_headers, intptr_t rva);
+    intptr_t rva2offset(const std::filesystem::path &path, intptr_t rva);
+    intptr_t offset2rva(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS *nt_headers, intptr_t offset);
+    intptr_t offset2rva(const std::filesystem::path &path, intptr_t offset);
+}
diff --git a/util/logging.cpp b/util/logging.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3f754c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/logging.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#include "logging.h"
+
+std::string_view log_get_datetime() {
+    return log_get_datetime(time(nullptr));
+}
+
+std::string_view log_get_datetime(std::time_t now) {
+    static thread_local char buf[64];
+
+    // `localtime` on Windows is thread-safe
+    strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "[%Y/%m/%d %X]", localtime(&now));
+
+    return buf;
+}
diff --git a/util/logging.h b/util/logging.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ae4d18
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/logging.h
@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <ctime>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "external/fmt/include/fmt/format.h"
+#include "external/fmt/include/fmt/compile.h"
+
+#include "launcher/launcher.h"
+#include "launcher/logger.h"
+#include "launcher/shutdown.h"
+
+// string conversion helper for logging purposes
+template<typename T>
+static inline std::string to_string(T value) {
+    std::ostringstream os;
+    os << value;
+    return os.str();
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline std::string to_hex(T val, size_t width = sizeof(T) * 2) {
+    std::stringstream ss;
+    ss << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(width) << std::hex << (val | 0);
+    return ss.str();
+}
+
+// util
+std::string_view log_get_datetime();
+std::string_view log_get_datetime(std::time_t ts);
+
+struct fmt_log {
+    std::time_t ts;
+    const std::string_view level;
+    const std::string_view module;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct fmt::formatter<fmt_log> {
+    template<typename ParseContext>
+    constexpr auto parse(ParseContext &ctx) {
+        return ctx.begin();
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const fmt_log &v, FormatContext &ctx) {
+        return format_to(ctx.out(), FMT_COMPILE("{} {}:{}: "), log_get_datetime(v.ts), v.level, v.module);
+    }
+};
+
+struct fmt_hresult {
+    HRESULT result;
+};
+#define FMT_HRESULT(result) fmt_hresult { result }
+
+template<>
+struct fmt::formatter<fmt_hresult> {
+    template<typename ParseContext>
+    constexpr auto parse(ParseContext &ctx) {
+        return ctx.begin();
+    }
+
+    template<typename FormatContext>
+    auto format(const fmt_hresult &v, FormatContext &ctx) {
+        return format_to(ctx.out(), FMT_COMPILE("0x{:08x}"), static_cast<unsigned>(v.result));
+    }
+};
+
+// misc log
+#define LOG_FORMAT(level, module, fmt_str, ...) fmt::format(FMT_COMPILE("{}" fmt_str "\n"), \
+    fmt_log { std::time(nullptr), level, module }, ## __VA_ARGS__)
+#define log_misc(module, format_str, ...) logger::push( \
+    LOG_FORMAT("M", module, format_str, ## __VA_ARGS__), logger::Style::GREY)
+#define log_info(module, format_str, ...) logger::push( \
+    LOG_FORMAT("I", module, format_str, ## __VA_ARGS__), logger::Style::DEFAULT)
+#define log_warning(module, format_str, ...) logger::push( \
+    LOG_FORMAT("W", module, format_str, ## __VA_ARGS__), logger::Style::YELLOW)
+#define log_fatal(module, format_str, ...) { \
+    logger::push(LOG_FORMAT("F", module, format_str, ## __VA_ARGS__), logger::Style::RED); \
+    logger::push(LOG_FORMAT("F", "spice", "encountered a fatal error, you can close the window or press ctrl + c"), logger::Style::RED); \
+    launcher::stop_subsystems(); \
+    Sleep(10000); \
+    launcher::kill(); \
+    std::terminate(); \
+} ((void) 0 )
diff --git a/util/lz77.cpp b/util/lz77.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dfbe1e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/lz77.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+#include "lz77.h"
+#include <cstdlib>
+
+namespace util::lz77 {
+
+    /*
+     * Configuration Values
+     */
+    static const size_t LZ_WINDOW_SIZE = 0x1000;
+    static const size_t LZ_WINDOW_MASK = LZ_WINDOW_SIZE - 1;
+    static const size_t LZ_THRESHOLD = 3;
+    static const size_t LZ_THRESHOLD_INPLACE = 0xA;
+    static const size_t LZ_LOOK_RANGE = 0x200;
+    static const size_t LZ_MAX_LEN = 0xF + LZ_THRESHOLD;
+    static const size_t LZ_MAX_BUFFER = 0x10 + 1;
+
+    /*
+     * Dummy Compression
+     * Results in even bigger output size but is fast af.
+     */
+    uint8_t *compress_stub(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length, size_t *compressed_length) {
+        uint8_t *output = (uint8_t *) malloc(input_length + input_length / 8 + 9);
+        uint8_t *cur_byte = &output[0];
+
+        // copy data blocks
+        for (size_t n = 0; n < input_length / 8; n++) {
+
+            // fake flag
+            *cur_byte++ = 0xFF;
+
+            // uncompressed data
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
+                *cur_byte++ = input[n * 8 + i];
+            }
+        }
+
+        // remaining bytes
+        int extra_bytes = input_length % 8;
+        if (extra_bytes == 0) {
+            *cur_byte++ = 0x00;
+        } else {
+            *cur_byte++ = 0xFF >> (8 - extra_bytes);
+            for (size_t i = input_length - extra_bytes; i < input_length; i++) {
+                *cur_byte++ = input[i];
+            }
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+                *cur_byte++ = 0x00;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // calculate size
+        *compressed_length = (size_t) (cur_byte - &output[0]);
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Compression Helpers
+     */
+
+    static size_t match_current(uint8_t *window, size_t pos, size_t length_max,
+            uint8_t *data, uint8_t data_length, size_t data_pos) {
+
+        // compare data
+        size_t length = 0;
+        while ((data_pos + length < data_length) &&
+               (length < length_max) &&
+               (window[(pos + length) & LZ_WINDOW_MASK] == data[data_pos + length] &&
+                length < LZ_MAX_LEN)) {
+            length++;
+        }
+
+        // return detected length
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    static bool match_window(uint8_t *window, size_t pos, uint8_t *data, size_t data_length, size_t data_pos,
+            size_t *match_pos, size_t *match_length) {
+
+        // search window for best match
+        size_t pos_max = 0, length_max = 0;
+        for (size_t i = LZ_THRESHOLD; i < LZ_LOOK_RANGE; i++) {
+
+            // check for match
+            size_t length = match_current(window, (pos - i) & LZ_WINDOW_MASK, i, data, data_length, data_pos);
+
+            // check if threshold is reached
+            if (length >= LZ_THRESHOLD_INPLACE) {
+                *match_pos = i;
+                *match_length = length;
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            // update max values
+            if (length >= LZ_THRESHOLD) {
+                pos_max = i;
+                length_max = length;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // check if threshold is reached
+        if (length_max >= LZ_THRESHOLD) {
+            *match_pos = pos_max;
+            *match_length = length_max;
+            return true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * This one actually compresses the data.
+     */
+    std::vector<uint8_t> compress(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length) {
+
+        // output buffer
+        std::vector<uint8_t> output;
+        output.reserve(input_length);
+
+        // window buffer
+        uint8_t *window = new uint8_t[LZ_WINDOW_SIZE];
+        size_t window_pos = 0;
+
+        // working buffer
+        uint8_t *buffer = new uint8_t[LZ_MAX_BUFFER];
+        size_t buffer_pos = 0;
+
+        // state
+        uint8_t flag;
+        size_t pad = 3;
+
+        // iterate input bytes
+        size_t input_pos = 0;
+        while (input_pos < input_length) {
+
+            // reset state
+            flag = 0;
+            buffer_pos = 0;
+
+            // iterate flag bytes
+            for (size_t bit_pos = 0; bit_pos < 8; bit_pos++) {
+
+                // don't match if data is bigger than input
+                if (input_pos >= input_length) {
+                    pad = 0;
+                    flag = flag >> (8 - bit_pos);
+                    buffer[buffer_pos++] = 0;
+                    buffer[buffer_pos++] = 0;
+                }
+
+                // match window
+                uint8_t bit_value;
+                size_t match_pos, match_length;
+                if (match_window(window, window_pos, input, input_length, input_pos, &match_pos, &match_length)) {
+
+                    // apply match
+                    buffer[buffer_pos++] = match_pos >> 4;
+                    buffer[buffer_pos++] = ((match_pos & 0xF) << 4) | ((match_length - LZ_THRESHOLD) & 0xF);
+                    bit_value = 0;
+                    for (size_t n = 0; n < match_length; n++) {
+                        window[window_pos++ & LZ_WINDOW_MASK] = input[input_pos++];
+                    }
+
+                } else {
+
+                    // no match found
+                    buffer[buffer_pos++] = input[input_pos];
+                    window[window_pos++] = input[input_pos++];
+                    bit_value = 1;
+                }
+
+                // add bit to flags
+                flag = (flag >> 1) & 0x7F;
+                flag |= bit_value == 0 ? 0 : 0x80;
+
+                // update window
+                window_pos &= LZ_WINDOW_MASK;
+            }
+
+            // write to output
+            output.push_back(flag);
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < buffer_pos; i++) {
+                output.push_back(buffer[i]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // padding
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < pad; i++) {
+            output.push_back(0x00);
+        }
+
+        // clean up and return result
+        delete[] window;
+        delete[] buffer;
+        return output;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> decompress(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length) {
+
+        // output buffer
+        std::vector<uint8_t> output;
+        output.reserve(input_length);
+
+        // create window
+        uint8_t *window = new uint8_t[LZ_WINDOW_SIZE];
+        size_t window_pos = 0;
+
+        // iterate input data
+        size_t input_pos = 0;
+        while (input_pos < input_length) {
+
+            // read flag
+            uint8_t flag = input[input_pos++];
+
+            // iterate flag bits
+            for (size_t bit_pos = 0; bit_pos < 8; bit_pos++) {
+
+                // check flag bit
+                if ((flag >> bit_pos) & 1) {
+
+                    // copy data from input
+                    output.push_back(input[input_pos]);
+                    window[window_pos++] = input[input_pos++];
+                    window_pos &= LZ_WINDOW_MASK;
+
+                } else if (input_pos + 1 < input_length) {
+
+                    // check word
+                    size_t word = (input[input_pos] << 8) | input[input_pos + 1];
+                    if (word == 0) {
+
+                        // detected end
+                        delete[] window;
+                        return output;
+
+                    } else {
+
+                        // skip word
+                        input_pos += 2;
+
+                        // get window
+                        size_t position = (window_pos - (word >> 4)) & LZ_WINDOW_MASK;
+                        size_t length = (word & 0x0F) + LZ_THRESHOLD;
+
+                        // copy data from window
+                        for (size_t i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+                            uint8_t data = window[position++ & LZ_WINDOW_MASK];
+                            output.push_back(data);
+                            window[window_pos++] = data;
+                            window_pos &= LZ_WINDOW_MASK;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // clean up and return result
+        delete[] window;
+        return output;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/lz77.h b/util/lz77.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7364269
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/lz77.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace util::lz77 {
+
+    uint8_t *compress_stub(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length, size_t *compressed_length);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> compress(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length);
+    std::vector<uint8_t> decompress(uint8_t *input, size_t input_length);
+}
diff --git a/util/memutils.cpp b/util/memutils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ca92d0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/memutils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+#include "memutils.h"
+#include <psapi.h>
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+
+namespace memutils {
+
+    inline static MEMORYSTATUSEX get_mem_status() {
+        MEMORYSTATUSEX mem_status{};
+        mem_status.dwLength = sizeof(MEMORYSTATUSEX);
+        GlobalMemoryStatusEx(&mem_status);
+        return mem_status;
+    }
+
+    inline static PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS_EX get_mem_counters() {
+        PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS_EX pmc{};
+        GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), (PPROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS) &pmc, sizeof(pmc));
+        return pmc;
+    }
+
+    DWORDLONG mem_total() {
+        return get_mem_status().ullTotalPhys;
+    }
+
+    DWORDLONG mem_total_used() {
+        auto status = get_mem_status();
+        return status.ullTotalPhys - status.ullAvailPhys;
+    }
+
+    DWORDLONG mem_used() {
+        return get_mem_counters().WorkingSetSize;
+    }
+
+    DWORDLONG vmem_total() {
+        return get_mem_status().ullTotalPageFile;
+    }
+
+    DWORDLONG vmem_total_used() {
+        auto status = get_mem_status();
+        return status.ullTotalPageFile - status.ullAvailPageFile;
+    }
+
+    DWORDLONG vmem_used() {
+        return get_mem_counters().PrivateUsage;
+    }
+
+    VProtectGuard::VProtectGuard(void *addr, size_t size, DWORD mode, bool reset)
+        : addr(addr), reset(reset), size(size)
+    {
+        if (!VirtualProtect(this->addr, this->size, mode, &this->old_protect)) {
+            auto error = GetLastError();
+            log_warning("memutils", "VirtualProtect failed: {}", error);
+
+            if (error == ERROR_INVALID_ADDRESS) {
+                this->bad_address = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    VProtectGuard::~VProtectGuard() {
+        this->dispose();
+    }
+
+    void VProtectGuard::dispose() {
+        if (this->reset && this->addr != nullptr) {
+            DWORD tmp;
+            if (!VirtualProtect(this->addr, this->size, this->old_protect, &tmp)) {
+                log_warning("memutils", "VirtualProtect failed: {}", GetLastError());
+            }
+            this->addr = nullptr;
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/memutils.h b/util/memutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4c1a635
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/memutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+namespace memutils {
+
+    DWORDLONG mem_total();
+    DWORDLONG mem_total_used();
+    DWORDLONG mem_used();
+
+    DWORDLONG vmem_total();
+    DWORDLONG vmem_total_used();
+    DWORDLONG vmem_used();
+
+    /*
+     * Helper class to unprotect/reprotect memory safely.
+     * It will free it's mode override on destruction.
+     */
+    class VProtectGuard {
+    public:
+        explicit VProtectGuard(void *addr, size_t size, DWORD mode = PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE, bool reset = true);
+
+        template<typename T>
+        VProtectGuard(T &addr) : VProtectGuard(
+                reinterpret_cast<void *>(addr),
+                sizeof(typename std::remove_pointer<T>::type)) {}
+
+        ~VProtectGuard();
+
+        void dispose();
+
+        inline bool is_bad_address() {
+            return this->bad_address;
+        }
+    protected:
+        void *addr = nullptr;
+        bool bad_address = false;
+        bool reset = true;
+        size_t size = 0;
+        DWORD old_protect = 0;
+    };
+}
diff --git a/util/netutils.cpp b/util/netutils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e9ccd95
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/netutils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#include "netutils.h"
+#include <iphlpapi.h>
+#include <windows.h>
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+
+namespace netutils {
+
+    std::vector<std::string> get_local_addresses() {
+        std::vector<std::string> return_addresses;
+
+        // use 16KB buffer and resize if needed
+        DWORD buffer_size = 16 * 1024;
+        IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES* adapter_addresses = nullptr;
+        for (size_t attempt_no = 0; attempt_no < 3; attempt_no++) {
+
+            // get adapter addresses
+            adapter_addresses = (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES*) malloc(buffer_size);
+            DWORD error;
+            if ((error = GetAdaptersAddresses(
+                        AF_UNSPEC,
+                        GAA_FLAG_SKIP_ANYCAST |
+                        GAA_FLAG_SKIP_MULTICAST |
+                        GAA_FLAG_SKIP_DNS_SERVER |
+                        GAA_FLAG_SKIP_FRIENDLY_NAME,
+                        NULL,
+                        adapter_addresses,
+                        &buffer_size)) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
+
+                // success
+                break;
+
+            } else if (error == ERROR_BUFFER_OVERFLOW) {
+
+                // retry using new size
+                free(adapter_addresses);
+                adapter_addresses = NULL;
+                continue;
+
+            } else {
+
+                // error - return empty list
+                free(adapter_addresses);
+                return return_addresses;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // now iterate the adapters
+        for (IP_ADAPTER_ADDRESSES* adapter = adapter_addresses; NULL != adapter; adapter = adapter->Next) {
+
+            // check if loopback
+            if (IF_TYPE_SOFTWARE_LOOPBACK == adapter->IfType) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            // iterate all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
+            for (IP_ADAPTER_UNICAST_ADDRESS* adr = adapter->FirstUnicastAddress; adr; adr = adr->Next) {
+                switch (adr->Address.lpSockaddr->sa_family) {
+                    case AF_INET: {
+
+                        // cast address
+                        SOCKADDR_IN* ipv4 = reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR_IN*>(adr->Address.lpSockaddr);
+
+                        // convert to string
+                        char str_buffer[INET_ADDRSTRLEN] = {0};
+                        inet_ntop(AF_INET, &(ipv4->sin_addr), str_buffer, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
+
+                        // save result
+                        return_addresses.push_back(str_buffer);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    case AF_INET6: {
+
+                        // cast address
+                        SOCKADDR_IN6* ipv6 = reinterpret_cast<SOCKADDR_IN6*>(adr->Address.lpSockaddr);
+
+                        // convert to string
+                        char str_buffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN] = {0};
+                        inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &(ipv6->sin6_addr), str_buffer, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
+                        std::string ipv6_str(str_buffer);
+
+                        // skip non-external addresses
+                        if (!ipv6_str.find("fe")) {
+                            char c = ipv6_str[2];
+                            if (c == '8' || c == '9' || c == 'a' || c == 'b') {
+
+                                // link local address
+                                continue;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        else if (!ipv6_str.find("2001:0:")) {
+
+                            // special use address
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        // save result
+                        return_addresses.push_back(ipv6_str);
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    default: {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // success
+        free(adapter_addresses);
+        return return_addresses;
+    }
+
+    /*!
+    *
+    * HTTP Status Codes - C++ Variant
+    *
+    * https://github.com/j-ulrich/http-status-codes-cpp
+    *
+    * \version 1.5.0
+    * \author Jochen Ulrich <jochenulrich@t-online.de>
+    * \copyright Licensed under Creative Commons CC0 (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/)
+    */
+    std::string http_status_reason_phrase(int code) {
+        switch (code) {
+
+            //####### 1xx - Informational #######
+            case 100: return "Continue";
+            case 101: return "Switching Protocols";
+            case 102: return "Processing";
+            case 103: return "Early Hints";
+
+            //####### 2xx - Successful #######
+            case 200: return "OK";
+            case 201: return "Created";
+            case 202: return "Accepted";
+            case 203: return "Non-Authoritative Information";
+            case 204: return "No Content";
+            case 205: return "Reset Content";
+            case 206: return "Partial Content";
+            case 207: return "Multi-Status";
+            case 208: return "Already Reported";
+            case 226: return "IM Used";
+
+            //####### 3xx - Redirection #######
+            case 300: return "Multiple Choices";
+            case 301: return "Moved Permanently";
+            case 302: return "Found";
+            case 303: return "See Other";
+            case 304: return "Not Modified";
+            case 305: return "Use Proxy";
+            case 307: return "Temporary Redirect";
+            case 308: return "Permanent Redirect";
+
+            //####### 4xx - Client Error #######
+            case 400: return "Bad Request";
+            case 401: return "Unauthorized";
+            case 402: return "Payment Required";
+            case 403: return "Forbidden";
+            case 404: return "Not Found";
+            case 405: return "Method Not Allowed";
+            case 406: return "Not Acceptable";
+            case 407: return "Proxy Authentication Required";
+            case 408: return "Request Timeout";
+            case 409: return "Conflict";
+            case 410: return "Gone";
+            case 411: return "Length Required";
+            case 412: return "Precondition Failed";
+            case 413: return "Content Too Large";
+            case 414: return "URI Too Long";
+            case 415: return "Unsupported Media Type";
+            case 416: return "Range Not Satisfiable";
+            case 417: return "Expectation Failed";
+            case 418: return "I'm a teapot";
+            case 421: return "Misdirected Request";
+            case 422: return "Unprocessable Content";
+            case 423: return "Locked";
+            case 424: return "Failed Dependency";
+            case 425: return "Too Early";
+            case 426: return "Upgrade Required";
+            case 428: return "Precondition Required";
+            case 429: return "Too Many Requests";
+            case 431: return "Request Header Fields Too Large";
+            case 451: return "Unavailable For Legal Reasons";
+
+            //####### 5xx - Server Error #######
+            case 500: return "Internal Server Error";
+            case 501: return "Not Implemented";
+            case 502: return "Bad Gateway";
+            case 503: return "Service Unavailable";
+            case 504: return "Gateway Timeout";
+            case 505: return "HTTP Version Not Supported";
+            case 506: return "Variant Also Negotiates";
+            case 507: return "Insufficient Storage";
+            case 508: return "Loop Detected";
+            case 510: return "Not Extended";
+            case 511: return "Network Authentication Required";
+
+            default: return std::string();
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/netutils.h b/util/netutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..930cd1c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/netutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace netutils {
+    std::vector<std::string> get_local_addresses();
+    std::string http_status_reason_phrase(int code);
+}
diff --git a/util/peb.cpp b/util/peb.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6fc3153
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/peb.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+#include <cstdint>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <intrin.h>
+
+#include "peb.h"
+#include "utils.h"
+
+static bool skip_entry(const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* entry) {
+
+    // dont skip null
+    if (entry == nullptr)
+        return false;
+
+    // skip entries with invalid modules
+    auto module = entry->DllBase;
+    if (module == nullptr)
+        return true;
+
+    // skip stubs
+    if (string_ends_with(entry->FullDllName.Buffer, L"kbt.dll"))
+        return true;
+    if (string_ends_with(entry->FullDllName.Buffer, L"kld.dll"))
+        return true;
+
+    // skip our own module
+    return module == GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+}
+
+const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* peb::entry_first() {
+
+    // return first entry
+    auto list_entry = (LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY*) peb_get()->Ldr->InMemoryOrderModuleList.Flink;
+    auto offset = offsetof(LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, InMemoryOrderLinks) * 2;
+    auto first_entry = (const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY*) ((uint8_t*) &list_entry->InMemoryOrderLinks - offset);
+
+    // skip
+    if (skip_entry(first_entry))
+        return entry_next(first_entry);
+
+    // return first entry
+    return first_entry;
+}
+
+const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* peb::entry_next(const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* entry) {
+
+    // check pointer for faulty loop
+    if (entry == nullptr) {
+        log_fatal("peb", "entry_next called with nullptr");
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // finish condition
+    if (entry->InMemoryOrderLinks.Flink == peb_get()->Ldr->InMemoryOrderModuleList.Flink)
+        return nullptr;
+
+    // get next entry
+    auto list_entry = (LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY*) entry->InMemoryOrderLinks.Flink;
+    auto offset = offsetof(LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY, InMemoryOrderLinks) * 2;
+    auto next_entry = (const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY*) ((uint8_t*) &list_entry->InMemoryOrderLinks - offset);
+
+    // skip entries without module pointer
+    if (skip_entry(next_entry))
+        return entry_next(next_entry);
+
+    // return next entry
+    return next_entry;
+}
+
+std::string peb::entry_name(const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* entry) {
+    for (int i = entry->FullDllName.Length / 2 - 1; i > 0; i--) {
+        if (entry->FullDllName.Buffer[i] == L'\\') {
+            return ws2s(std::wstring(&entry->FullDllName.Buffer[i + 1]));
+        }
+    }
+    return "unknown";
+}
+
+const PEB* peb::peb_get() {
+#ifdef SPICE64
+    return reinterpret_cast<const PEB *>(__readgsqword(0x60));
+#else
+    return reinterpret_cast<const PEB *>(__readfsdword(0x30));
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prints all loaded DLLs.
+ */
+void peb::peb_print() {
+    log_info("peb", "Detected DLLs:");
+    int count = 0;
+    auto cur_entry = entry_first();
+    while (cur_entry != nullptr) {
+        log_info("peb", "{} - {}", count++, entry_name(cur_entry));
+        cur_entry = entry_next(cur_entry);
+    }
+}
+
+void peb::obtain_modules(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, HMODULE>> *modules) {
+    auto cur_entry = entry_first();
+    while (cur_entry != nullptr) {
+        modules->emplace_back(std::pair(entry_name(cur_entry), (HMODULE) cur_entry->DllBase));
+        cur_entry = entry_next(cur_entry);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/peb.h b/util/peb.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..225ee89
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/peb.h
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <winternl.h>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace peb {
+
+    const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* entry_first();
+    const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* entry_next(const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* entry);
+    std::string entry_name(const LDR_DATA_TABLE_ENTRY* entry);
+    const PEB* peb_get();
+    void peb_print();
+    void obtain_modules(std::vector<std::pair<std::string, HMODULE>> *modules);
+}
diff --git a/util/rc4.cpp b/util/rc4.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8f840f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/rc4.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "rc4.h"
+#include <iterator>
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+util::RC4::RC4(uint8_t *key, size_t key_size) {
+
+    // initialize S-BOX
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(s_box); i++)
+        s_box[i] = (uint8_t) i;
+
+    // check key size
+    if (!key_size)
+        return;
+
+    // KSA
+    size_t j = 0;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < std::size(s_box); i++) {
+
+        // update
+        j = (j + s_box[i] + key[i % key_size]) % std::size(s_box);
+
+        // swap
+        auto tmp = s_box[i];
+        s_box[i] = s_box[j];
+        s_box[j] = tmp;
+    }
+}
+
+void util::RC4::crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t size) {
+
+    // iterate all bytes
+    for (size_t pos = 0; pos < size; pos++) {
+
+        // update
+        a = (a + 1) % std::size(s_box);
+        b = (b + s_box[a]) % std::size(s_box);
+
+        // swap
+        auto tmp = s_box[a];
+        s_box[a] = s_box[b];
+        s_box[b] = tmp;
+
+        // crypt
+        data[pos] ^= s_box[(s_box[a] + s_box[b]) % std::size(s_box)];
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/rc4.h b/util/rc4.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dc7be0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/rc4.h
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace util {
+
+    class RC4 {
+    private:
+        uint8_t s_box[256];
+        size_t a = 0, b = 0;
+
+    public:
+
+        RC4(uint8_t *key, size_t key_size);
+
+        void crypt(uint8_t *data, size_t size);
+    };
+}
diff --git a/util/resutils.cpp b/util/resutils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c21fc0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/resutils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+#include "resutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+const char *resutil::load_file(int name, DWORD *size, LPCSTR type) {
+    HMODULE handle = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
+    HRSRC rc = FindResource(handle, MAKEINTRESOURCE(name), type);
+    HGLOBAL rcData = LoadResource(handle, rc);
+    if (size != nullptr)
+        *size = SizeofResource(handle, rc);
+    return static_cast<const char*>(LockResource(rcData));
+}
+
+std::string resutil::load_file_string(int name, LPCSTR type) {
+    DWORD size = 0;
+    auto data = resutil::load_file(name, &size, type);
+    return std::string(data, size);
+}
+
+std::string resutil::load_file_string_crlf(int name, LPCSTR type) {
+    std::string s = load_file_string(name, type);
+    strreplace(s, "\n", "\r\n");
+    return s;
+}
diff --git a/util/resutils.h b/util/resutils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ee0e2e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/resutils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace resutil {
+
+    const char* load_file(int name, DWORD* size, LPCSTR type=RT_RCDATA);
+    std::string load_file_string(int name, LPCSTR type=RT_RCDATA);
+    std::string load_file_string_crlf(int name, LPCSTR type=RT_RCDATA);
+}
diff --git a/util/secplug.h b/util/secplug.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..348efde
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/secplug.h
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <array>
+
+namespace secplug {
+    constexpr std::array<uint8_t, 6> encode_secplug_model(const char model[8]) {
+        // 6-bit character code similar to the one used by avs in its binary xml format.
+        std::array<uint8_t, 6> packed {};
+        packed[0] = ((model[0] - 32))      | ((model[1] - 32) << 6);
+        packed[1] = ((model[1] - 32) >> 2) | ((model[2] - 32) << 4);
+        packed[2] = ((model[2] - 32) >> 4) | ((model[3] - 32) << 2);
+        packed[3] = ((model[4] - 32))      | ((model[5] - 32) << 6);
+        packed[4] = ((model[5] - 32) >> 2) | ((model[6] - 32) << 4);
+        packed[5] = ((model[6] - 32) >> 4) | ((model[7] - 32) << 2);
+
+        return packed;
+    }
+};
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/util/sigscan.cpp b/util/sigscan.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7bf09e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/sigscan.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+#include "sigscan.h"
+
+#include <format>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+#include "util/memutils.h"
+#include "util/utils.h"
+
+intptr_t find_pattern(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, intptr_t base, const uint8_t *pattern,
+        const char *mask, intptr_t offset, intptr_t usage)
+{
+
+    // build pattern
+    std::vector<std::pair<uint8_t, bool>> pattern_vector;
+    size_t mask_size = strlen(mask);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mask_size; i++) {
+        pattern_vector.emplace_back(pattern[i], mask[i] == 'X');
+    }
+
+    // the scan loop
+    auto data_begin = data.begin();
+    auto cur_usage = 0;
+    while (true) {
+
+        // search for the pattern
+        auto search_result = std::search(data_begin, data.end(), pattern_vector.begin(), pattern_vector.end(),
+                               [&](uint8_t c, std::pair<uint8_t, bool> pat) {
+                                   return (!pat.second) || c == pat.first;
+                               });
+
+        // check for a match
+        if (search_result != data.end()) {
+
+            // return the result if we hit the usage count
+            if (cur_usage == usage) {
+                return (std::distance(data.begin(), search_result) + base) + offset;
+            }
+
+            // increment the found count
+            ++cur_usage;
+            data_begin = ++search_result;
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+intptr_t find_pattern(HMODULE module, const uint8_t *pattern, const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset, intptr_t result_usage)
+{
+    // get module information
+    MODULEINFO module_info {};
+    if (!GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), module, &module_info, sizeof(module_info))) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    auto size = static_cast<size_t>(module_info.SizeOfImage);
+
+    try {
+
+        // copy data
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data(size);
+        memcpy(data.data(), module_info.lpBaseOfDll, size);
+
+        // find pattern
+        return find_pattern(
+                data,
+                reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll),
+                pattern,
+                mask,
+                offset,
+                result_usage);
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc &e) {
+        log_warning("sigscan", "failed to allocate buffer of size {} for image data", size);
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+intptr_t find_pattern(HMODULE module, const std::string &pattern, const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset, intptr_t result_usage)
+{
+    std::string pattern_str(pattern);
+    auto pattern_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(pattern.length() / 2);
+    if (!hex2bin(pattern_str.c_str(), pattern_bin.get())) {
+        log_warning("sigscan", "hex2bin failed");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return find_pattern(module, pattern_bin.get(), mask, offset, result_usage);
+}
+
+///
+
+intptr_t find_pattern_from(std::vector<uint8_t> &data, intptr_t base, const uint8_t *pattern,
+        const char *mask, intptr_t offset, intptr_t usage, intptr_t start_from)
+{
+
+    // build pattern
+    std::vector<std::pair<uint8_t, bool>> pattern_vector;
+    size_t mask_size = strlen(mask);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < mask_size; i++) {
+        pattern_vector.emplace_back(pattern[i], mask[i] == 'X');
+    }
+
+    // the scan loop
+    auto data_begin = data.begin();
+    std::advance(data_begin, start_from);
+    auto cur_usage = 0;
+    while (true) {
+
+        // search for the pattern
+        auto search_result = std::search(data_begin, data.end(), pattern_vector.begin(), pattern_vector.end(),
+                               [&](uint8_t c, std::pair<uint8_t, bool> pat) {
+                                   return (!pat.second) || c == pat.first;
+                               });
+
+        // check for a match
+        if (search_result != data.end()) {
+
+            // return the result if we hit the usage count
+            if (cur_usage == usage) {
+                return (std::distance(data.begin(), search_result) + base) + offset;
+            }
+
+            // increment the found count
+            ++cur_usage;
+            data_begin = ++search_result;
+        } else {
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+intptr_t find_pattern_from(HMODULE module, const uint8_t *pattern, const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset, intptr_t result_usage, intptr_t start_from)
+{
+    // get module information
+    MODULEINFO module_info {};
+    if (!GetModuleInformation(GetCurrentProcess(), module, &module_info, sizeof(module_info))) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    auto size = static_cast<size_t>(module_info.SizeOfImage);
+
+    try {
+
+        // copy data
+        std::vector<uint8_t> data(size);
+        memcpy(data.data(), module_info.lpBaseOfDll, size);
+
+        // find pattern
+        return find_pattern_from(
+                data,
+                reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(module_info.lpBaseOfDll),
+                pattern,
+                mask,
+                offset,
+                result_usage,
+                start_from);
+    } catch (const std::bad_alloc &e) {
+        log_warning("sigscan", "failed to allocate buffer of size {} for image data", size);
+        return false;
+    }
+}
+
+intptr_t find_pattern_from(HMODULE module, const std::string &pattern, const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset, intptr_t result_usage, intptr_t start_from)
+{
+    std::string pattern_str(pattern);
+    auto pattern_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(pattern.length() / 2);
+    if (!hex2bin(pattern_str.c_str(), pattern_bin.get())) {
+        log_warning("sigscan", "hex2bin failed");
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return find_pattern_from(module, pattern_bin.get(), mask, offset, result_usage, start_from);
+}
+
+
+intptr_t replace_pattern(HMODULE module, const uint8_t *pattern, const char *mask, intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t usage, const uint8_t *replace_data, const char *replace_mask)
+{
+
+    // find result
+    auto result = find_pattern(module, pattern, mask, offset, usage);
+
+    // check result
+    if (!result) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    // unprotect memory
+    auto replace_mask_len = strlen(replace_mask);
+    memutils::VProtectGuard guard((void *) result, replace_mask_len);
+
+    // replace data
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < replace_mask_len; i++) {
+        if (replace_mask[i] == 'X') {
+            *((unsigned char *) (result + i)) = replace_data[i];
+        }
+    }
+
+    // success
+    return result;
+}
+
+intptr_t replace_pattern(HMODULE module, const std::string &signature,
+        const std::string &replacement, intptr_t offset, intptr_t usage)
+{
+    // build pattern
+    std::string pattern_str(signature);
+    strreplace(pattern_str, "??", "00");
+    auto pattern_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(signature.length() / 2);
+    if (!hex2bin(pattern_str.c_str(), pattern_bin.get())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // build signature mask
+    std::ostringstream signature_mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < signature.length(); i += 2) {
+        if (signature[i] == '?') {
+            if (signature[i + 1] == '?') {
+                signature_mask << '?';
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            signature_mask << 'X';
+        }
+    }
+
+    // build replace data
+    std::string replace_data_str(replacement);
+    strreplace(replace_data_str, "??", "00");
+    auto replace_data_bin = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(replacement.length() / 2);
+    if (!hex2bin(replace_data_str.c_str(), replace_data_bin.get())) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // build replace mask
+    std::ostringstream replace_mask;
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < replacement.length(); i += 2) {
+        if (replacement[i] == '?') {
+            if (replacement[i + 1] == '?') {
+                replace_mask << '?';
+            } else {
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else {
+            replace_mask << 'X';
+        }
+    }
+
+    // do the replacement
+    return replace_pattern(
+            module,
+            pattern_bin.get(),
+            signature_mask.str().c_str(),
+            offset,
+            usage,
+            replace_data_bin.get(),
+            replace_mask.str().c_str()
+    );
+}
+
+bool get_pe_identifier(const std::filesystem::path& dll_path, uint32_t* time_date_stamp, uint32_t* address_of_entry_point) {
+    std::ifstream file(dll_path, std::ios::binary);
+    if (!file) {
+        log_warning("sigscan", "Failed to open file: {}", dll_path.string().c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // read the DOS header
+    IMAGE_DOS_HEADER dos_header;
+    file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&dos_header), sizeof(dos_header));
+    if (dos_header.e_magic != IMAGE_DOS_SIGNATURE) {
+        log_warning("sigscan", "Invalid DOS signature: {}", dll_path.string().c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // move to the NT headers
+    file.seekg(dos_header.e_lfanew);
+
+    // read the NT headers
+    IMAGE_NT_HEADERS nt_headers;
+    file.read(reinterpret_cast<char*>(&nt_headers), sizeof(nt_headers));
+    if (nt_headers.Signature != IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE) {
+        log_warning("sigscan", "Invalid NT signature: {}", dll_path.string().c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // get the TimeDateStamp and AddressOfEntryPoint from the file header
+    *time_date_stamp = nt_headers.FileHeader.TimeDateStamp;
+    *address_of_entry_point = nt_headers.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint;
+
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/util/sigscan.h b/util/sigscan.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4d2145e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/sigscan.h
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <string>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+#include <filesystem>
+#include "windows.h"
+#include "psapi.h"
+
+intptr_t find_pattern(
+        std::vector<unsigned char> &data,
+        intptr_t base,
+        const unsigned char *pattern,
+        const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t usage);
+
+intptr_t find_pattern(
+        HMODULE module,
+        const unsigned char *pattern,
+        const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t usage);
+
+intptr_t find_pattern(
+        HMODULE module,
+        const std::string &pattern,
+        const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t result_usage);
+
+intptr_t find_pattern_from(
+        std::vector<unsigned char> &data,
+        intptr_t base,
+        const unsigned char *pattern,
+        const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t usage,
+        intptr_t start_from);
+
+intptr_t find_pattern_from(
+        HMODULE module,
+        const unsigned char *pattern,
+        const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t usage,
+        intptr_t start_from);
+
+intptr_t find_pattern_from(
+        HMODULE module,
+        const std::string &pattern,
+        const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t result_usage,
+        intptr_t start_from);
+
+intptr_t replace_pattern(
+        HMODULE module,
+        const unsigned char *pattern,
+        const char *mask,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t usage,
+        const unsigned char *replace_data,
+        const char *replace_mask);
+
+intptr_t replace_pattern(
+        HMODULE module,
+        const std::string &signature,
+        const std::string &replacement,
+        intptr_t offset,
+        intptr_t usage);
+
+bool get_pe_identifier(const std::filesystem::path& dll_path, uint32_t* time_date_stamp, uint32_t* address_of_entry_point);
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/util/tapeled.cpp b/util/tapeled.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..195f077
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/tapeled.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#include "tapeled.h"
+
+namespace tapeledutils {
+
+    led_tape_color_pick_algorithm TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM = TAPE_LED_USE_MIDDLE;
+
+    bool is_enabled() {
+        return (TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM != TAPE_LED_USE_NONE);
+    }
+
+    // for bi2x-style byte array of all colors and LEDs at once
+    rgb_float3_t pick_color_from_led_tape(uint8_t *data, size_t data_size) {
+        rgb_float3_t result = {0.f, 0.f, 0.f};
+        if (TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM == TAPE_LED_USE_AVERAGE) {
+
+            // calculate average color
+            size_t avg_ri = 0;
+            size_t avg_gi = 0;
+            size_t avg_bi = 0;
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < data_size; i++) {
+                const auto color = &data[i * 3];
+                avg_ri += color[0];
+                avg_gi += color[1];
+                avg_bi += color[2];
+            }
+
+            // normalize
+            const float avg_mult = 1.f / (data_size * 255);
+            result.r = avg_ri * avg_mult;
+            result.g = avg_gi * avg_mult;
+            result.b = avg_bi * avg_mult;
+
+        } else if (TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM == TAPE_LED_USE_FIRST ||
+            TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM == TAPE_LED_USE_MIDDLE ||
+            TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM == TAPE_LED_USE_LAST ) {
+
+            // pick one LED
+            const uint8_t *color;
+            switch (TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM) {
+                case TAPE_LED_USE_FIRST:
+                    color = &data[0];
+                    break;
+                case TAPE_LED_USE_LAST:
+                    color = &data[(data_size - 1) * 3];
+                    break;
+                case TAPE_LED_USE_MIDDLE:
+                default:
+                    color = &data[(data_size / 2) * 3];
+                    break;
+            }
+
+            // normalize
+            const float single_mult = 1.f / 255;
+            result.r = color[0] * single_mult;
+            result.g = color[1] * single_mult;
+            result.b = color[2] * single_mult;
+        }
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    // for bi2a-style that calls for each individual LED
+    size_t get_led_index_using_avg_algo(size_t data_size) {
+        size_t index_to_use;
+
+        if (TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM == TAPE_LED_USE_FIRST) {
+            index_to_use = 0;
+        } else if (TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM == TAPE_LED_USE_LAST) {
+            index_to_use = data_size - 1;
+        } else if (TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM == TAPE_LED_USE_MIDDLE) {
+            index_to_use = (size_t)(data_size / 2);
+        } else {
+            // TAPE_LED_USE_AVERAGE can't work for this model since we don't cache the entire tape
+            // LED array, so just use the middle-of-tape value instead
+            index_to_use = (size_t)(data_size / 2);
+        }
+
+        return index_to_use;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/tapeled.h b/util/tapeled.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..be18eca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/tapeled.h
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace tapeledutils {
+
+    enum led_tape_color_pick_algorithm {
+        TAPE_LED_USE_NONE = 0,
+        TAPE_LED_USE_FIRST = 1,
+        TAPE_LED_USE_MIDDLE = 2,
+        TAPE_LED_USE_LAST = 3,
+        TAPE_LED_USE_AVERAGE = 4,
+    };
+
+    extern led_tape_color_pick_algorithm TAPE_LED_ALGORITHM;
+
+    typedef struct {
+        float r;
+        float g;
+        float b;
+    } rgb_float3_t;
+
+    bool is_enabled();
+    rgb_float3_t pick_color_from_led_tape(uint8_t *data, size_t data_size);
+    size_t get_led_index_using_avg_algo(size_t data_size);
+}
diff --git a/util/threadpool.h b/util/threadpool.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cad899c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/threadpool.h
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <queue>
+#include <memory>
+#include <thread>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <future>
+#include <functional>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+class ThreadPool {
+private:
+    std::vector<std::thread> threads;
+    std::queue<std::function<void()>> queue;
+    std::mutex mut;
+    std::condition_variable cv;
+    bool exit = false;
+
+public:
+
+    ThreadPool(size_t size) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+            threads.emplace_back([this] {
+                while (true) {
+                    std::function<void()> func;
+                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mut);
+                    cv.wait(lock, [this] { return exit || !queue.empty(); });
+                    if (exit && queue.empty()) return;
+                    func = std::move(queue.front());
+                    queue.pop();
+                    lock.unlock();
+                    func();
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~ThreadPool() {
+        exit = true;
+        mut.lock();
+        mut.unlock();
+        cv.notify_all();
+        for (auto &thread : threads) {
+            if (thread.joinable()) {
+                thread.join();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    size_t queue_size() {
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mut);
+        return queue.size();
+    }
+
+    template<class T, class... Args>
+    auto add(T&& func, Args&&... args)
+    -> std::future<typename std::result_of<T(Args...)>::type> {
+        using ret_t = typename std::result_of<T(Args...)>::type;
+        auto task = std::make_shared<std::packaged_task<ret_t()>>(
+                std::bind(std::forward<T>(func), std::forward<Args>(args)...));
+        std::future<ret_t> fut = task->get_future();
+        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mut);
+        queue.emplace([task] () { (*task)(); });
+        lock.unlock();
+        cv.notify_one();
+        return fut;
+    }
+};
diff --git a/util/time.cpp b/util/time.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..15b1c06
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/time.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+#include "time.h"
+
+#include <chrono>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "util/logging.h"
+
+using namespace std::chrono;
+
+static bool PC_INITIALIZED = false;
+static double PC_FREQUENCY = 3000000000;
+static LARGE_INTEGER PC_START {};
+
+void init_performance_counter() {
+
+    // initialize performance counter
+    if (!PC_INITIALIZED) {
+
+        // query frequency
+        LARGE_INTEGER frequency {};
+        if (!QueryPerformanceFrequency(&frequency) || frequency.QuadPart == 0) {
+            log_warning("time", "unable to get performance counter frequency, defaulting to 3GHz");
+            PC_FREQUENCY = 3000000000;
+        } else {
+            log_info("time", "detected performance counter frequency: {}", frequency.QuadPart);
+            PC_FREQUENCY = static_cast<double>(frequency.QuadPart);
+        }
+
+        // get start frequency
+        QueryPerformanceCounter(&PC_START);
+
+        // mark as initialized
+        PC_INITIALIZED = true;
+    }
+}
+
+double get_performance_seconds() {
+    if (!PC_INITIALIZED) {
+      init_performance_counter();
+    }
+    LARGE_INTEGER time_now;
+    QueryPerformanceCounter(&time_now);
+    LONGLONG time_diff = time_now.QuadPart - PC_START.QuadPart;
+    return static_cast<double>(time_diff) / PC_FREQUENCY;
+}
+
+double get_performance_milliseconds() {
+    return get_performance_seconds() * 1000.0;
+}
+
+uint64_t get_system_seconds() {
+    auto sec = duration_cast<seconds>(system_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+    return sec.count();
+}
+
+uint64_t get_system_milliseconds() {
+    auto ms = duration_cast<milliseconds>(system_clock::now().time_since_epoch());
+    return ms.count();
+}
diff --git a/util/time.h b/util/time.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ce1ef26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/time.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+void init_performance_counter();
+double get_performance_seconds();
+double get_performance_milliseconds();
+uint64_t get_system_seconds();
+uint64_t get_system_milliseconds();
diff --git a/util/unique_plain_ptr.h b/util/unique_plain_ptr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cfe67bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/unique_plain_ptr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#pragma once
+
+namespace util {
+
+    template<typename T>
+    class IncompleteTypeDeleter {
+    public:
+        void operator()(T *wrapped_ptr) const {
+            auto ptr = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(wrapped_ptr);
+
+            delete[] ptr;
+        }
+    };
+
+    template<typename T>
+    using unique_plain_ptr = std::unique_ptr<T, IncompleteTypeDeleter<T>>;
+
+    template<typename T>
+    inline std::unique_ptr<T, IncompleteTypeDeleter<T>> make_unique_plain(size_t size) {
+        return unique_plain_ptr<T>(reinterpret_cast<T *>(new uint8_t[size]));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/util/utils.cpp b/util/utils.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b613ec0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/utils.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+#include <winsock2.h>
+#include <ws2tcpip.h>
+#include <random>
+
+#include "utils.h"
+
+const char *inet_ntop(short af, const void *src, char *dst, DWORD size) {
+
+    // prepare storage
+    struct sockaddr_storage ss {};
+    ZeroMemory(&ss, sizeof(ss));
+    ss.ss_family = af;
+
+    // IPv6 compatibility
+    switch (af) {
+        case AF_INET:
+            ((struct sockaddr_in *) &ss)->sin_addr = *(struct in_addr *) src;
+            break;
+        case AF_INET6:
+            ((struct sockaddr_in6 *) &ss)->sin6_addr = *(struct in6_addr *) src;
+            break;
+        default:
+            return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    // convert to string
+    int result = WSAAddressToStringA((struct sockaddr *) &ss, sizeof(ss), nullptr, dst, &size);
+
+    // return on success
+    return (result == 0) ? dst : nullptr;
+}
+
+BOOL CALLBACK _find_window_begins_with_cb(HWND wnd, LPARAM lParam) {
+    auto windows = reinterpret_cast<std::vector<HWND> *>(lParam);
+    windows->push_back(wnd);
+    return TRUE;
+}
+
+std::wstring s2ws(const std::string &str) {
+    if (str.empty()) {
+        return std::wstring();
+    }
+
+    int length = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, str.data(), -1, nullptr, 0);
+    if (length == 0) {
+        log_fatal("utils", "failed to get length of wide string: {}", get_last_error_string());
+    }
+
+    std::wstring buffer;
+    buffer.resize(length - 1);
+
+    length = MultiByteToWideChar(CP_ACP, 0, str.data(), -1, buffer.data(), length);
+    if (length == 0) {
+        log_fatal("utils", "failed to convert string to wide string: {}", get_last_error_string());
+    }
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+std::string ws2s(const std::wstring &wstr) {
+    if (wstr.empty()) {
+        return std::string();
+    }
+
+    int length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr.data(), -1, nullptr, 0, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (length == 0) {
+        log_fatal("utils", "failed to get length of wide string: {}", get_last_error_string());
+    }
+
+    std::string buffer;
+    buffer.resize(length - 1);
+
+    length = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_ACP, 0, wstr.data(), -1, buffer.data(), length, nullptr, nullptr);
+    if (length == 0) {
+        log_fatal("utils", "failed to convert string to wide string: {}", get_last_error_string());
+    }
+
+    return buffer;
+}
+
+bool acquire_shutdown_privs() {
+
+    // check if already acquired
+    static bool acquired = false;
+    if (acquired)
+        return true;
+
+    // get process token
+    HANDLE hToken;
+    if (!OpenProcessToken(GetCurrentProcess(), TOKEN_ADJUST_PRIVILEGES | TOKEN_QUERY, &hToken))
+        return false;
+
+    // get the LUID for the shutdown privilege
+    TOKEN_PRIVILEGES tkp;
+    LookupPrivilegeValue(NULL, SE_SHUTDOWN_NAME, &tkp.Privileges[0].Luid);
+    tkp.PrivilegeCount = 1;
+    tkp.Privileges[0].Attributes = SE_PRIVILEGE_ENABLED;
+
+    // get the shutdown privilege for this process
+    AdjustTokenPrivileges(hToken, FALSE, &tkp, 0, (PTOKEN_PRIVILEGES) NULL, 0);
+
+    // check for error
+    bool success = GetLastError() == ERROR_SUCCESS;
+    if (success)
+        acquired = true;
+    return success;
+}
+
+void generate_ea_card(char card[17]) {
+    // don't ask why the existing codebase uses 18 char array when there are only 16+1 chars
+
+    // create random
+    std::random_device rd;
+    std::mt19937 generator(rd());
+    std::uniform_int_distribution<> uniform(0, 15);
+
+    // randomize card
+    strcpy(card, "E00401");
+    char hex[] = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'};
+    for (int i = 6; i < 16; i++) {
+        card[i] = hex[uniform(generator)];
+    }
+
+    // terminate and flush
+    card[16] = 0;
+}
diff --git a/util/utils.h b/util/utils.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ac45fb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/util/utils.h
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <locale>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <windows.h>
+
+#include "logging.h"
+#include "circular_buffer.h"
+
+#define MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+#define MAX(a, b) (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+#define CLAMP(x, lower, upper) (MIN(upper, MAX(x, lower)))
+
+#define ARRAY_SETB(A, k) ((A)[((k) / 8)] |= (1 << ((k) % 8)))
+#define ARRAY_CLRB(A, k) ((A)[((k) / 8)] &= ~(1 << ((k) % 8)))
+#define ARRAY_TSTB(A, k) ((A)[((k) / 8)] & (1 << ((k) % 8)))
+
+#ifndef RtlOffsetToPointer
+#define RtlOffsetToPointer(B, O) ((PCHAR) (((PCHAR) (B)) + ((ULONG_PTR) (O))))
+#endif
+
+static const char HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[16] = {
+    '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F'
+};
+
+const char *inet_ntop(short af, const void *src, char *dst, DWORD size);
+
+static inline bool string_begins_with(const std::string &s, const std::string &prefix) {
+    return s.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool string_begins_with(const std::wstring &s, const std::wstring &prefix) {
+    return s.compare(0, prefix.size(), prefix) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool string_ends_with(const char *s, const char *suffix) {
+    if (!s || !suffix) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto len1 = strlen(s);
+    auto len2 = strlen(suffix);
+    if (len2 > len1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return strncmp(s + len1 - len2, suffix, len2) == 0;
+}
+
+static inline bool string_ends_with(const wchar_t *s, const wchar_t *suffix) {
+    if (!s || !suffix) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    auto len1 = wcslen(s);
+    auto len2 = wcslen(suffix);
+    if (len2 > len1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return wcsncmp(s + len1 - len2, suffix, len2) == 0;
+}
+
+template<class Container>
+static inline void strsplit(const std::string &str, Container &cont, char delim = ' ')
+{
+    std::istringstream ss(str);
+    std::string token;
+
+    while (std::getline(ss, token, delim)) {
+        cont.push_back(token);
+    }
+}
+
+static inline void strreplace(std::string &s, const std::string &search, const std::string &replace) {
+    size_t pos = 0;
+
+    while ((pos = s.find(search, pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+        s.replace(pos, search.length(), replace);
+        pos += replace.length();
+    }
+}
+
+static inline std::string strtrim(const std::string& input) { 
+    std::string output = input;
+    // trim spaces
+    output.erase(0, output.find_first_not_of("\t\n\v\f\r "));
+    output.erase(output.find_last_not_of("\t\n\v\f\r ") + 1);
+    return output;
+} 
+
+static inline std::string strtolower(const std::string& input) { 
+    std::string output = strtrim(input);
+    // replace with lower case
+    std::transform(
+        output.begin(), output.end(), output.begin(),
+        [](unsigned char c){ return std::tolower(c); });
+    return output;
+} 
+
+static inline int _hex2bin_helper(char input) {
+    if (input >= '0' && input <= '9') {
+        return input - '0';
+    }
+    if (input >= 'A' && input <= 'F') {
+        return input - 'A' + 10;
+    }
+    if (input >= 'a' && input <= 'f') {
+        return input - 'a' + 10;
+    }
+    return -1;
+}
+
+static inline bool hex2bin(const char *src, uint8_t *target) {
+    while (*src) {
+        if (!src[1]) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        auto first = _hex2bin_helper(*src) * 16;
+        auto second = _hex2bin_helper(src[1]);
+        if (first < 0 || second < 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        *(target++) = first + second;
+        src += 2;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline std::string bin2hex(T data) {
+    std::string str;
+
+    str.reserve(sizeof(T) * 2);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(T); i++) {
+        auto ch = ((uint8_t *) &data)[i];
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4]);
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[ch & 0x0F]);
+    }
+    return str;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline std::string bin2hex(T *data, size_t size) {
+    std::string str;
+
+    str.reserve(size * 2);
+
+    auto bytes = reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t *>(data);
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        const auto ch = bytes[i];
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4]);
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[ch & 0x0F]);
+    }
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline std::string bin2hex(const std::vector<T> &data) {
+    std::string str;
+
+    str.reserve(data.size() * 2);
+
+    for (const auto ch : data) {
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4]);
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[ch & 0x0F]);
+    }
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static inline std::string bin2hex(const circular_buffer<T> &data) {
+    std::string str;
+
+    str.reserve(data.size() * 2);
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); i++) {
+        const auto ch = data.peek(i);
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[(ch & 0xF0) >> 4]);
+        str.push_back(HEX_LOOKUP_UPPERCASE[ch & 0x0F]);
+    }
+
+    return str;
+}
+
+static inline bool file_exists(const std::string &name) {
+    auto dwAttrib = GetFileAttributes(name.c_str());
+
+    return dwAttrib != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && !(dwAttrib & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY);
+}
+
+static inline std::string get_window_title(HWND hWnd) {
+    char wnd_title[256] { 0 };
+    GetWindowTextA(hWnd, wnd_title, sizeof(wnd_title));
+
+    return std::string(wnd_title);
+}
+
+static inline std::string GetActiveWindowTitle() {
+    return get_window_title(GetForegroundWindow());
+}
+
+BOOL CALLBACK _find_window_begins_with_cb(HWND wnd, LPARAM lParam);
+
+static inline std::vector<HWND> find_windows_beginning_with(const std::string &title) {
+
+    // get all windows
+    DWORD dwThreadID = GetCurrentThreadId();
+    HDESK hDesktop = GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadID);
+    std::vector<HWND> windows;
+    EnumDesktopWindows(hDesktop, _find_window_begins_with_cb, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&windows));
+
+    // check window titles
+    windows.erase(
+        std::remove_if(
+            windows.begin(),
+            windows.end(),
+            [title](HWND hWnd) {
+                return !string_begins_with(get_window_title(hWnd), title);
+            }
+        ),
+        windows.end()
+    );
+
+    // return found windows
+    return windows;
+}
+
+static inline HWND FindWindowBeginsWith(std::string title) {
+
+    // get all windows
+    DWORD dwThreadID = GetCurrentThreadId();
+    HDESK hDesktop = GetThreadDesktop(dwThreadID);
+    std::vector<HWND> windows;
+    EnumDesktopWindows(hDesktop, _find_window_begins_with_cb, reinterpret_cast<LPARAM>(&windows));
+
+    // check window titles
+    char wnd_title[256];
+    for (HWND hWnd : windows) {
+        GetWindowText(hWnd, wnd_title, sizeof(wnd_title));
+        if (string_begins_with(std::string(wnd_title), title)) {
+            return hWnd;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // nothing found
+    return nullptr;
+}
+
+static inline std::string get_last_error_string() {
+
+    // get error
+    DWORD error = GetLastError();
+    if (error == 0) {
+        return std::string();
+    }
+
+    // get error string
+    LPSTR messageBuffer = nullptr;
+    size_t size = FormatMessageA(FORMAT_MESSAGE_ALLOCATE_BUFFER |
+                                 FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM |
+                                 FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS,
+                                 nullptr,
+                                 error,
+                                 MAKELANGID(LANG_NEUTRAL, SUBLANG_DEFAULT),
+                                 (LPSTR)&messageBuffer,
+                                 0,
+                                 nullptr);
+
+    // return as string
+    std::string message(messageBuffer, size);
+    LocalFree(messageBuffer);
+
+    return message;
+}
+
+std::wstring s2ws(const std::string &str);
+std::string ws2s(const std::wstring &wstr);
+
+static inline std::string guid2s(const GUID guid) {
+    return fmt::format("{{{:08X}-{:04X}-{:04X}-{:02X}{:02X}-{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}{:02X}}}",
+            guid.Data1, guid.Data2, guid.Data3,
+            guid.Data4[0], guid.Data4[1], guid.Data4[2], guid.Data4[3],
+            guid.Data4[4], guid.Data4[5], guid.Data4[6], guid.Data4[7]);
+}
+
+bool acquire_shutdown_privs();
+
+void generate_ea_card(char card[17]);